Version 0.33.105, 15 February 2024
We offer a freely copyable translation of the Old Testament / Tanakh based on the Masoretic Text. The translation follows the Masoretic Text, ketiv or qeré (which will be indicated), and vowels (but we retain freedom regarding word grouping), except that the changes made by the Sopherim are reversed (see Companion Bible Appendices 32 and 33). Textual and explanatory remarks may be made in the notes. Our translation may be freely copied (see copyright notices below).
There are three areas of copyright to consider: the copyright of sources used, the copyright of fonts used, and the copyright of our own work.
The Hebrew / Aramaic text as starting material is the Westminster Leningrad Codex [4.18], obtained from www.tanach.us/TextFiles.
The license, as of 1 June 2011, at www.tanach.us/License.html reads: “All files in the main directory, except Tanach.zip, and all files in the following subdirectories may be used without restriction.” We have used the text files from www.tanach.us/TextFiles/, one of the subdirectories referred to as able to be used without restriction.
We remark that, according to tanach.us/Tanach.xml#Home, the files are derived “from the electronic version of the Leningrad Codex maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research” who have written to us that they “make no claim on the use of the WLC”.
We nevertheless suggest that commercial publishers wishing to publish our combined Hebrew and English documents should verify the copyright position of the Hebrew text for themselves.
The Hebrew text renders most accurately in SBL Hebrew, which is free for personal use. Commercial publishers must consult the copyright holder. The text renders reasonably in Times New Roman. In any case, commercial publishers must check and comply with font copyright issues.
The Introduction, the English translation and notes (referred to as "this text" below) Copyright © 2012-2022 by Graham G. Thomason.
Anyone is permitted to copy and distribute this text or any portion of this text. It may be incorporated in a larger work, and/or quoted from, stored in a database retrieval system, photocopied, reprinted, or otherwise duplicated by anyone without prior notification, permission, compensation to the holder, or any other restrictions. All rights to this text are released to everyone and no-one can reduce these rights at any time. The permitted use or reproduction of the above-mentioned text does not imply doctrinal or theological agreement by the present translator and publisher with whatever views may be maintained or promulgated by other publishers. For the purpose of assigning responsibility, it is requested that the present translator's name and the title associated with this text and its availability at www.FarAboveAll.com as well as this disclaimer be retained in any subsequent reproduction of this material.
- end of quotation -
Please see the separate Introduction to this Hebrew / Aramaic text and translation.
| VERSE (MT numbering) |
HEBREW/ARAMAIC | ENGLISH | NOTES |
| Gen 1:1 | בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | In the beginning God created heaven and the earth. |
Rev 14:7.
the beginning ← a beginning. God created: a plural noun with a singular verb. It is very rare for a plural verb to be used with Elohim, God, unless the word means (other) gods. Exceptions in Gen 20:13, Gen 35:7, 2 Sam 7:23, Ps 58:12 (Ps 58:11AV). heaven: or the heavens, or the sky. It has a Hebrew dual ending. |
| Gen 1:2 | וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ | But the earth became desolate and deserted, and there was darkness over the surface of the deep. Now the spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the water, |
but: adversative use of the vav.
became: as in Gen 19:26 (and she became a pillar of salt). The word is vav copulative, not vav consecutive indicating an intrusion. The earth was ↴ |
| Gen 1:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃ | and God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light, | ↳ not created desolate, Hebrew tohu, Isa 45:18; it must have become so. This implies a possible time-gap and a catastrophe between Gen 1:1 and Gen 1:2. AV differs (was). |
| Gen 1:4 | וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ | and God saw that the light was good. Then God made a division between the light and the darkness, |
and God saw: in a Hebrew “VSO” (verb-subject-object) sentence – by far the most common. It also applies to Gen 1:1.
that the light was good ← the light that (it was) good. |
| Gen 1:5 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ פ | and God called the light day, whereas the darkness he called night. Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – day one. | whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 1:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהִ֥י רָקִ֖יעַ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַמָּ֑יִם וִיהִ֣י מַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין מַ֖יִם לָמָֽיִם׃ | Then God said, “Let there be an expanse in the middle of the water, and let it divide one mass of water from another mass of water”, | |
| Gen 1:7 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־הָרָקִיעַ֒ וַיַּבְדֵּ֗ל בֵּ֤ין הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לָרָקִ֔יעַ וּבֵ֣ין הַמַּ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל לָרָקִ֑יעַ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | and God made the expanse and divided the water which was below the expanse from the water which was above the expanse. And so it came about, | |
| Gen 1:8 | וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָֽרָקִ֖יעַ שָׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שֵׁנִֽי׃ פ | and God called the expanse sky. Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – the second day. | sky: or heaven. See Gen 1:1. |
| Gen 1:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִקָּו֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם מִתַּ֤חַת הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־מָק֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד וְתֵרָאֶ֖ה הַיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | Then God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And so it came about, | |
| Gen 1:10 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לַיַּבָּשָׁה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְוֵ֥ה הַמַּ֖יִם קָרָ֣א יַמִּ֑ים וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ | and God called the dry land earth, whereas the accumulation of water he called seas. And God saw that it was good. | whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 1:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תַּֽדְשֵׁ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דֶּ֔שֶׁא עֵ֚שֶׂב מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע עֵ֣ץ פְּרִ֞י עֹ֤שֶׂה פְּרִי֙ לְמִינ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | Then God said, “Let the earth produce grass, herbaceous vegetation bearing seed, and the fruit-bearing tree which produces fruit according to its species, which has its own intrinsic seed, on the earth.” And so it came about, |
produce ← “grassify”.
bearing ← seeding. |
| Gen 1:12 | וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב מַזְרִ֤יעַ זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְעֵ֧ץ עֹֽשֶׂה־פְּרִ֛י אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ | and the earth produced grass, herbaceous vegetation bearing seed according to its species, and the tree producing fruit, which has its own intrinsic seed according to its species. And God saw that it was good. | |
| Gen 1:13 | וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִֽׁי׃ פ | Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – the third day. | |
| Gen 1:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃ | Then God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky, to divide the day from the night, and let them be as signs and for appointed times and for days and years, | |
| Gen 1:15 | וְהָי֤וּ לִמְאוֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | and they will serve as lights in the expanse of the sky, to shine on the earth.” And so it came about, | serve ← be, become. |
| Gen 1:16 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ | and God made the two great lights, the greater light as a ruler of the day and the smaller light as a ruler of the night, and also the stars. | |
| Gen 1:17 | וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And God put them in the expanse of the sky to shine on the earth, | put: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Gen 1:18 | וְלִמְשֹׁל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה וּֽלֲהַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ | and to rule by day and by night, and to divide light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. | |
| Gen 1:19 | וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם רְבִיעִֽי׃ פ | Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – the fourth day. | |
| Gen 1:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה וְעוֹף֙ יְעוֹפֵ֣ף עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י רְקִ֥יעַ הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Then God said, “Let the waters teem with aquatic animals, with living beings, and let birds fly above the earth, over the expanse of the sky”, | beings ← soul. |
| Gen 1:21 | וַיִּבְרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִ֖ם הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֣ה ׀ הָֽרֹמֶ֡שֶׂת אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁרְצ֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם לְמִֽינֵהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־ע֤וֹף כָּנָף֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ | and God created the great sea-monsters, and every living being that creeps, which the water teems with, according to their species, and all the winged fowl according to its species. And God saw that it was good. | being ← soul. |
| Gen 1:22 | וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר פְּר֣וּ וּרְב֗וּ וּמִלְא֤וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ בַּיַּמִּ֔ים וְהָע֖וֹף יִ֥רֶב בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds multiply on the earth.” | |
| Gen 1:23 | וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם חֲמִישִֽׁי׃ פ | Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – the fifth day. | |
| Gen 1:24 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ נֶ֤פֶשׁ חַיָּה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ בְּהֵמָ֥ה וָרֶ֛מֶשׂ וְחַֽיְתוֹ־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמִינָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | Then God said, “Let the earth bring forth living beings according to their species, cattle and reptiles and beasts of the earth, according to their species.” And so it came about, |
beings ← soul. The Hebrew is a collective singular noun, as are the words for cattle, reptiles and beasts.
their species (2x) ← its species, referring to collective nouns. |
| Gen 1:25 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִים֩ אֶת־חַיַּ֨ת הָאָ֜רֶץ לְמִינָ֗הּ וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־רֶ֥מֶשׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֖ה לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ | and God made the beasts of the earth according to their species, and the cattle after their species, and all the reptiles of the ground according to their species. And God saw that it was good. | their species (3x) ← its species, referring to a collective noun in each case. |
| Gen 1:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness, and they will subdue the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky, and the cattle, and the whole earth, and every reptile that crawls on the earth.” | |
| Gen 1:27 | וַיִּבְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃ | So God created man in his image. He created him in the image of God. Male and female he created them. |
Mark 10:6.
|| 1 Chr 1:1 (Adam). man ← the Adam. |
| Gen 1:28 | וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֛וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁ֑הָ וּרְד֞וּ בִּדְגַ֤ת הַיָּם֙ וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּבְכָל־חַיָּ֖ה הָֽרֹמֶ֥שֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth, and subjugate it, and subdue the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and every animal that creeps over the earth.” | |
| Gen 1:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים הִנֵּה֩ נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב ׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעֵ֛ץ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֥וֹ פְרִי־עֵ֖ץ זֹרֵ֣עַ זָ֑רַע לָכֶ֥ם יִֽהְיֶ֖ה לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | Then God said, “Look, I have given you all vegetation bearing seed which is on the surface of the whole earth, and every tree which has fruit of the tree in it bearing seed. It will be for food for you, | |
| Gen 1:30 | וּֽלְכָל־חַיַּ֣ת הָ֠אָרֶץ וּלְכָל־ע֨וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ רוֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֔ה אֶת־כָּל־יֶ֥רֶק עֵ֖שֶׂב לְאָכְלָ֑ה וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ | and for every beast of the earth, and for all birds of the sky, and for every reptile on the earth which has the breath of life in it; all green vegetation is for food.” And so it came about. |
breath ← soul.
all green vegetation: governed by the Hebrew accusative marker (’et), but this can just be used for emphasis. Compare [Ges-HG] §117i. Alternatively, supply I have given, as in the AV. So AV differs. |
| Gen 1:31 | וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ פ | And God saw everything that he had made, and the result was that it was very good. Then evening came to pass, and morning came to pass – the sixth day. | and the result was ← behold. |
| Gen 2:1 | וַיְכֻלּ֛וּ הַשָּׁמַ֥יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ וְכָל־צְבָאָֽם׃ | So heaven and the earth were completed with all their array. | |
| Gen 2:2 | וַיְכַ֤ל אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מְלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | And on the seventh day God had finished his workmanship which he executed. Now he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done, | Heb 4:4. |
| Gen 2:3 | וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י ב֤וֹ שָׁבַת֙ מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ פ | and God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, for on it he rested from all his workmanship which God had created in making it. | in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 2:4 | אֵ֣לֶּה תוֹלְד֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ בְּהִבָּֽרְאָ֑ם בְּי֗וֹם עֲשׂ֛וֹת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם׃ | These are the genealogies of heaven and the earth when they were created, on the day when the Lord God made the earth and heaven, | the Lord: see Ex 6:3. |
| Gen 2:5 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ שִׂ֣יחַ הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה טֶ֚רֶם יִֽהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֔רֶץ וְכָל־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה טֶ֣רֶם יִצְמָ֑ח כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הִמְטִ֜יר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאָדָ֣ם אַ֔יִן לַֽעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | and every wild shrub before it was on the earth, and all wild vegetation before it had sprouted, for the Lord God had not sent rain onto the earth, and there was no man to till the ground. |
wild shrub ← shrub of the field.
wild vegetation ← vegetation of the field. |
| Gen 2:6 | וְאֵ֖ד יַֽעֲלֶ֣ה מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶֽת־כָּל־פְּנֵֽי־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | But a vapour would come up from the earth, and it watered the whole surface of the ground. |
would come up: future (tense) / imperfective (aspect) / emanative (perspective) [LMcF].
watered: perfect / perfective / attributive. Compare above. |
| Gen 2:7 | וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה׃ | So the Lord God formed man from the dust from the ground and blew the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living soul. |
1 Cor 15:45.
man (2x) ← Adam. soul: or being. Adam did not have a soul; he was soul, and he died. The scriptural soul is not immortal, see Ezek 18:4, Ezek 18:20. |
| Gen 2:8 | וַיִּטַּ֞ע יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים גַּן־בְעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם שָׁ֔ם אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצָֽר׃ | Then the Lord God planted a garden in Eden in the east, and he put the man there whom he had formed. | |
| Gen 2:9 | וַיַּצְמַ֞ח יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כָּל־עֵ֛ץ נֶחְמָ֥ד לְמַרְאֶ֖ה וְט֣וֹב לְמַאֲכָ֑ל וְעֵ֤ץ הַֽחַיִּים֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַגָּ֔ן וְעֵ֕ץ הַדַּ֖עַת ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע׃ | And the Lord God caused to grow up from the ground every tree that is attractive to look at and good for food, and the tree of life in the middle of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. | attractive to look at ← desired for appearance. |
| Gen 2:10 | וְנָהָרּ֙ יֹצֵ֣א מֵעֵ֔דֶן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת אֶת־הַגָּ֑ן וּמִשָּׁם֙ יִפָּרֵ֔ד וְהָיָ֖ה לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה רָאשִֽׁים׃ | Now a river goes out from Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides itself and has become four spring sources. | spring sources ← heads. |
| Gen 2:11 | שֵׁ֥ם הָֽאֶחָ֖ד פִּישׁ֑וֹן ה֣וּא הַסֹּבֵ֗ב אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחֲוִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם הַזָּהָֽב׃ | The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one which goes round the whole land of Havilah where there is gold. |
Pishon: AV= Pison.
Havilah ← the Havilah. |
| Gen 2:12 | וּֽזֲהַ֛ב הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִ֖וא ט֑וֹב שָׁ֥ם הַבְּדֹ֖לַח וְאֶ֥בֶן הַשֹּֽׁהַם׃ | And the gold of that land is good; there is bdellium and onyx there too. | |
| Gen 2:13 | וְשֵֽׁם־הַנָּהָ֥ר הַשֵּׁנִ֖י גִּיח֑וֹן ה֣וּא הַסּוֹבֵ֔ב אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ כּֽוּשׁ׃ | And the name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one which goes round all the land of Cush. | Cush: according to [CB], the Akkadian Kas, not AV's Ethiopia. So AV differs. |
| Gen 2:14 | וְשֵׁ֨ם הַנָּהָ֤ר הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ חִדֶּ֔קֶל ה֥וּא הַֽהֹלֵ֖ךְ קִדְמַ֣ת אַשּׁ֑וּר וְהַנָּהָ֥ר הָֽרְבִיעִ֖י ה֥וּא פְרָֽת׃ | And the name of the third river is Hiddekel; it is the one which goes east to Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. |
Hiddekel: Akkadian for the Tigris [CB]. See Dan 10:4.
Assyria: [CB] says this is not Assyria, but the city of Assur, the primitive capital of Assyria. |
| Gen 2:15 | וַיִּקַּ֛ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיַּנִּחֵ֣הוּ בְגַן־עֵ֔דֶן לְעָבְדָ֖הּ וּלְשָׁמְרָֽהּ׃ | And the Lord God took the man and set him down in the garden of Eden to tend it and to keep it. | tend ← work so also cultivate. |
| Gen 2:16 | וַיְצַו֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַל־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר מִכֹּ֥ל עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן אָכֹ֥ל תֹּאכֵֽל׃ | And the Lord God commanded the man and said, “You can freely eat from every tree of the garden, | you can freely eat ← to eat you will eat, infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 2:17 | וּמֵעֵ֗ץ הַדַּ֙עַת֙ ט֣וֹב וָרָ֔ע לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם אֲכָלְךָ֥ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ | but you shall not eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, for on the day that you eat from it, you will surely die.” | you will surely die ← to die you will die, infinitive absolute. Perhaps translate become mortal. |
| Gen 2:18 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־לּ֥וֹ עֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord God said, “It is not right for man to be on his own. I will make him a helper as his counterpart.” | |
| Gen 2:19 | וַיִּצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָ֗ה כָּל־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיָּבֵא֙ אֶל־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם לִרְא֖וֹת מַה־יִּקְרָא־ל֑וֹ וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקְרָא־ל֧וֹ הָֽאָדָ֛ם נֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּ֖ה ה֥וּא שְׁמֽוֹ׃ | Now the Lord God had formed from the ground every wild animal and all birds of the sky, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them, and whatever the man called each living being, that was its name. |
call ... called ← call for himself ... called for himself.
whatever ← everything that. being ← soul. |
| Gen 2:20 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א הָֽאָדָ֜ם שֵׁמ֗וֹת לְכָל־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּלְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְכֹ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּלְאָדָ֕ם לֹֽא־מָצָ֥א עֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ | And the man gave names to all the cattle and to the birds of the sky and to every wild animal, but no helper was found for man as his counterpart. |
gave ← called.
was found ← one / he found. Impersonal use. |
| Gen 2:21 | וַיַּפֵּל֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ תַּרְדֵּמָ֛ה עַל־הָאָדָ֖ם וַיִּישָׁ֑ן וַיִּקַּ֗ח אַחַת֙ מִצַּלְעֹתָ֔יו וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר בָּשָׂ֖ר תַּחְתֶּֽנָּה׃ | Then the Lord God caused a slumber to fall on the man, and he fell asleep, and he took one of his ribs and closed the flesh after it. | after it ← under it. |
| Gen 2:22 | וַיִּבֶן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶֽת־הַצֵּלָ֛ע אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֥ח מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיְבִאֶ֖הָ אֶל־הָֽאָדָֽם׃ | Then the Lord God built the rib which he had taken from the man into a woman, and he brought her to the man. | |
| Gen 2:23 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ הָֽאָדָם֒ זֹ֣את הַפַּ֗עַם עֶ֚צֶם מֵֽעֲצָמַ֔י וּבָשָׂ֖ר מִבְּשָׂרִ֑י לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י מֵאִ֖ישׁ לֻֽקֳחָה־זֹּֽאת׃ |
And the man said,
“This time it is bone from my bones And flesh from my flesh. This one will be called woman, For from man she was taken.” |
she ← this. |
| Gen 2:24 | עַל־כֵּן֙ יַֽעֲזָב־אִ֔ישׁ אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמּ֑וֹ וְדָבַ֣ק בְּאִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְהָי֖וּ לְבָשָׂ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ | On account of this a man will leave his father and his mother, and he will cleave to his wife, and they will become one flesh. | Matt 19:5, Mark 10:7-8, 1 Cor 6:16, Eph 5:31. |
| Gen 2:25 | וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ שְׁנֵיהֶם֙ עֲרוּמִּ֔ים הָֽאָדָ֖ם וְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֖א יִתְבֹּשָֽׁשׁוּ׃ | Now the two of them were naked – the man and his wife – but they were not ashamed. | |
| Gen 3:1 | וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙ חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃ | Now the serpent was more cunning than all the other wild animals which the Lord God had made, and he said to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You shall not eat from any tree of the garden’?” | not ... any: this is the usual sense of the Hebrew construction. Apparently a major distortion by the serpent of the injunction. But perhaps not ... every, as AV. So AV differs. |
| Gen 3:2 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ מִפְּרִ֥י עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן נֹאכֵֽל׃ | Then the woman said to the serpent, “We may eat from the fruit of the trees of the garden, | |
| Gen 3:3 | וּמִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַגָּן֒ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ פֶּן־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ | but from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden God has said, ‘You shall not eat from it, and you shall not touch it, lest you die.’ ” |
but: adversative use of the vav.
lest you die: a weaker statement than that of Gen 2:17 (you will surely die). |
| Gen 3:4 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַנָּחָ֖שׁ אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה לֹֽא־מ֖וֹת תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ | Then the serpent said to the woman, “You certainly will not die. | you: plural. |
| Gen 3:5 | כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכָלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע׃ | For God knows that on the day when you eat from it, your eyes will be opened, and you will become like God, knowing good and evil.” | you: plural. |
| Gen 3:6 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ה֣וּא לָעֵינַ֗יִם וְנֶחְמָ֤ד הָעֵץ֙ לְהַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַתִּקַּ֥ח מִפִּרְי֖וֹ וַתֹּאכַ֑ל וַתִּתֵּ֧ן גַּם־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ | Then the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was an object of pleasure to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable for imparting wisdom, and she took some of its fruit and ate it, and she gave some to her husband also, who was with her, and he ate it. | |
| Gen 3:7 | וַתִּפָּקַ֙חְנָה֙ עֵינֵ֣י שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵ֑ם וַֽיִּתְפְּרוּ֙ עֲלֵ֣ה תְאֵנָ֔ה וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם חֲגֹרֹֽת׃ | And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they became aware that they were naked. And they sewed fig leaves together, and they made themselves aprons. |
leaves ← leaf, but collective usage, foliage.
aprons: or girdings. |
| Gen 3:8 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּגָּ֖ן לְר֣וּחַ הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּתְחַבֵּ֨א הָֽאָדָ֜ם וְאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ מִפְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃ | Then they heard the voice of the Lord God as he was walking about in the garden in the breeze of the day. And the man hid himself, as did his wife, from the presence of the Lord God in the midst of the trees of the garden. | trees ← tree. Collective usage of the singular. |
| Gen 3:9 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ אַיֶּֽכָּה׃ | Then the Lord God called out to the man and said to him, “Where are you?” | |
| Gen 3:10 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־קֹלְךָ֥ שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בַּגָּ֑ן וָאִירָ֛א כִּֽי־עֵירֹ֥ם אָנֹ֖כִי וָאֵחָבֵֽא׃ | And he said, “I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I am naked, and I hid myself.” | |
| Gen 3:11 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֚י הִגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ כִּ֥י עֵירֹ֖ם אָ֑תָּה הֲמִן־הָעֵ֗ץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אָכָֽלְתָּ׃ | Then he said, “Who has told you that you are naked? Have you eaten from the tree which I commanded you not to eat from?” | |
| Gen 3:12 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הָֽאָדָ֑ם הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תָּה עִמָּדִ֔י הִ֛וא נָֽתְנָה־לִּ֥י מִן־הָעֵ֖ץ וָאֹכֵֽל׃ | Then the man said, “The woman whom you gave to be with me – she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it.” | |
| Gen 3:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָאִשָּׁ֖ה מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑ית וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה הַנָּחָ֥שׁ הִשִּׁיאַ֖נִי וָאֹכֵֽל׃ | Then the Lord God said to the woman, “What is this that you have done?” And the woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate it.” | |
| Gen 3:14 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֶֽל־הַנָּחָשׁ֮ כִּ֣י עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּאת֒ אָר֤וּר אַתָּה֙ מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וּמִכֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה עַל־גְּחֹנְךָ֣ תֵלֵ֔ךְ וְעָפָ֥ר תֹּאכַ֖ל כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ |
At this the Lord God said to the serpent,
“Because you have done this, You are more cursed than all the cattle And than all the wild animals. You will go on your belly And eat dust all the days of your life. |
at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 3:15 | וְאֵיבָ֣ה ׀ אָשִׁ֗ית בֵּֽינְךָ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ וּבֵ֣ין זַרְעָ֑הּ ה֚וּא יְשׁוּפְךָ֣ רֹ֔אשׁ וְאַתָּ֖ה תְּשׁוּפֶ֥נּוּ עָקֵֽב׃ ס |
And I will put enmity between you and the woman, And between your seed and her seed. It will crush your head, But you will crush it in the heel.” |
it ... it: or he ... him. |
| Gen 3:16 | אֶֽל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אָמַ֗ר הַרְבָּ֤ה אַרְבֶּה֙ עִצְּבוֹנֵ֣ךְ וְהֵֽרֹנֵ֔ךְ בְּעֶ֖צֶב תֵּֽלְדִ֣י בָנִ֑ים וְאֶל־אִישֵׁךְ֙ תְּשׁ֣וּקָתֵ֔ךְ וְה֖וּא יִמְשָׁל־בָּֽךְ׃ ס |
To the woman he said,
“I will greatly increase your labour pains And your childbirth. In pain you will give birth to sons, And your desire will be to your husband, And he will rule over you.” |
Allusions to this verse in 1 Cor 14:34, 1 Tim 2:15.
I will greatly increase: or I will certainly increase, infinitive absolute. childbirth ← pregnancy, conception, standing for the outcome of it. |
| Gen 3:17 | וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ לְק֣וֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֲרוּרָ֤ה הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ |
And to the man he said,
“Because you have heeded the voice of your wife And eaten from the tree About which I commanded you by saying, ‘You shall not eat from it’, The ground is cursed because of you. In sorrow you will eat from it All the days of your life. |
by saying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 3:18 | וְק֥וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֖ר תַּצְמִ֣יחַֽ לָ֑ךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
And it will cause thorns and brambles to spring up to you, And you will eat the vegetation of the field. |
thorns and brambles ← thorn and bramble, collective usage. |
| Gen 3:19 | בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃ |
By the sweat of your face you will eat bread, Until you return to the ground, For from it you were taken – For you are dust – And to dust you will return.” |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Gen 3:20 | וַיִּקְרָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם שֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ חַוָּ֑ה כִּ֛י הִ֥וא הָֽיְתָ֖ה אֵ֥ם כָּל־חָֽי׃ | And the man called his wife Eve, for she became the mother of everyone living. |
called ← called the name of.
Eve ... living: Hebrew Havvah ... hai. The respective roots חוה and חיה are essentially the same, denoting living. |
| Gen 3:21 | וַיַּעַשׂ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים לְאָדָ֧ם וּלְאִשְׁתּ֛וֹ כָּתְנ֥וֹת ע֖וֹר וַיַּלְבִּשֵֽׁם׃ פ | Then the Lord God made coats of skin for the man and for his wife, and he clothed them. | |
| Gen 3:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים הֵ֤ן הָֽאָדָם֙ הָיָה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לָדַ֖עַת ט֣וֹב וָרָ֑ע וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ פֶּן־יִשְׁלַ֣ח יָד֗וֹ וְלָקַח֙ גַּ֚ם מֵעֵ֣ץ הַֽחַיִּ֔ים וְאָכַ֖ל וָחַ֥י לְעֹלָֽם׃ | Then the Lord God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us, in knowing good and evil, and now, lest he should stretch out his hand and also take anything from the tree of life, and eat it, and live age-abidingly ...” | in knowing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 3:23 | וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֛הוּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים מִגַּן־עֵ֑דֶן לַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֻקַּ֖ח מִשָּֽׁם׃ | And the Lord God sent him out of the Garden of Eden to till the ground from which he had been taken. | from which ← from where. |
| Gen 3:24 | וַיְגָ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיַּשְׁכֵּן֩ מִקֶּ֨דֶם לְגַן־עֵ֜דֶן אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִ֗ים וְאֵ֨ת לַ֤הַט הַחֶ֙רֶב֙ הַמִּתְהַפֶּ֔כֶת לִשְׁמֹ֕ר אֶת־דֶּ֖רֶךְ עֵ֥ץ הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ ס | So he drove the man out and stationed the cherubim and a flaming sword which rotated at the east of the Garden of Eden to guard the way to the tree of life. |
a flaming sword ← a flame of the sword. Taken as a Hebraic genitive, the sense is a fencing flame (the word fencing being unfortunately ambiguous in English).
the way to ← the way of. |
| Gen 4:1 | וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֙הַר֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־קַ֔יִן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived, and she bore Cain, and she said, “I have got a man – the Lord.” |
Adam: or the man.
a man – the Lord: thinking she had got the promised seed (Gen 3:15). See [CB]. AV differs (a man from the Lord), i.e. a man with (the help of) the Lord. The word ’et can be an accusative marker, putting the Lord in apposition to a man, or sociative, with (the help of). |
| Gen 4:2 | וַתֹּ֣סֶף לָלֶ֔דֶת אֶת־אָחִ֖יו אֶת־הָ֑בֶל וַֽיְהִי־הֶ֙בֶל֙ רֹ֣עֵה צֹ֔אן וְקַ֕יִן הָיָ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ד אֲדָמָֽה׃ | Then she gave birth again, to his brother, Abel. Now Abel became a shepherd of small cattle, whereas Cain became a tiller of the ground. |
Abel ← Hebel (Habel in pause). The pausal form is a special pronunciation when the word comes before a major break, e.g. at the half-way divider of a verse, or at the end of a verse. We retain the AV / traditional English name.
whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 4:3 | וַֽיְהִ֖י מִקֵּ֣ץ יָמִ֑ים וַיָּבֵ֨א קַ֜יִן מִפְּרִ֧י הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, after a number of days, that Cain brought some fruit of the ground as an offering to the Lord. | after a number of days ← from an end of days. |
| Gen 4:4 | וְהֶ֨בֶל הֵבִ֥יא גַם־ה֛וּא מִבְּכֹר֥וֹת צֹאנ֖וֹ וּמֵֽחֶלְבֵהֶ֑ן וַיִּ֣שַׁע יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הֶ֖בֶל וְאֶל־מִנְחָתֽוֹ׃ | And Abel also brought an offering, from the firstlings of his small cattle, and from their fat. And the Lord looked upon Abel and his offering with favour. |
Abel: see Gen 4:2.
also: associate this with Abel. Not only did Cain bring an offering, but Abel did also. This is not a reference to an additional offering. |
| Gen 4:5 | וְאֶל־קַ֥יִן וְאֶל־מִנְחָת֖וֹ לֹ֣א שָׁעָ֑ה וַיִּ֤חַר לְקַ֙יִן֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ פָּנָֽיו׃ | But he did not look upon Cain and his offering with favour, and it infuriated Cain greatly, and he became crestfallen. | he became crestfallen ← his face fell. |
| Gen 4:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־קָ֑יִן לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you infuriated and why are you crestfallen? | |
| Gen 4:7 | הֲל֤וֹא אִם־תֵּיטִיב֙ שְׂאֵ֔ת וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א תֵיטִ֔יב לַפֶּ֖תַח חַטָּ֣את רֹבֵ֑ץ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ תְּשׁ֣וּקָת֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּמְשָׁל־בּֽוֹ׃ | If you do well, is there not exaltation? And if you do not do well, a sin-offering is lying at the door, and its desire is towards you, and you may rule over it.” | sin-offering: as in Ex 29:14, Lev 4:8, Ezek 40:39 etc. Constructed with a masculine participle (רֹבֵץ). Not the AV's sin here, so AV differs. See also 2 Cor 5:21. |
| Gen 4:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יו וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּהְיוֹתָ֣ם בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיָּ֥קָם קַ֛יִן אֶל־הֶ֥בֶל אָחִ֖יו וַיַּהַרְגֵֽהוּ׃ | Then Cain spoke to Abel his brother, and it came to pass while they were in the field that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him. |
Abel (2x): see Gen 4:2.
The murder is referred to in 1 John 3:12. Consider that Cain is of the wicked one and that there are two births in Gen 4:1-2, with no mention of twins, and only one “knowing” by Adam. |
| Gen 4:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־קַ֔יִן אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי הֲשֹׁמֵ֥ר אָחִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי׃ | At this the Lord said to Cain, “Where is Abel your brother?” And he said, “I don't know. Am I my brother's keeper?” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
Abel: see Gen 4:2. |
| Gen 4:10 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ ק֚וֹל דְּמֵ֣י אָחִ֔יךָ צֹעֲקִ֥ים אֵלַ֖י מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | Whereupon he said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood is crying out to me from the ground. |
whereupon: wider use of the vav.
blood ← bloods. Also in the next verse. |
| Gen 4:11 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אָר֣וּר אָ֑תָּה מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּצְתָ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֔יהָ לָקַ֛חַת אֶת־דְּמֵ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ | So now you are more cursed than the ground which opened its mouth to receive the blood of your brother at your hand. | more cursed than the ground: AV differs (cursed from the ground). |
| Gen 4:12 | כִּ֤י תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תֹסֵ֥ף תֵּת־כֹּחָ֖הּ לָ֑ךְ נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה בָאָֽרֶץ׃ | When you till the ground, it will not give you its vigour any more; a nomad and a fugitive you will be on the earth.” | |
| Gen 4:13 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּד֥וֹל עֲוֺנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃ | Then Cain said to the Lord, “My iniquity is too great to bear. | |
| Gen 4:14 | הֵן֩ גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ אֹתִ֜י הַיּ֗וֹם מֵעַל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה וּמִפָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶסָּתֵ֑ר וְהָיִ֜יתִי נָ֤ע וָנָד֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה כָל־מֹצְאִ֖י יַֽהַרְגֵֽנִי׃ | Look, you have driven me out today from the face of the ground, and I will be hiding from your presence. And I have become a nomad and a fugitive on the earth, and it will come to pass that anyone who finds me will kill me.” | anyone ← everyone. |
| Gen 4:15 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to him, “That is why anyone who kills Cain will have vengeance taken on him seven times over.” And the Lord put a sign on Cain so that no-one who found him should strike him. |
anyone ← everyone.
no-one ← not ... everyone. |
| Gen 4:16 | וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֖יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נ֖וֹד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃ | So Cain departed from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod to the east of Eden. | |
| Gen 4:17 | וַיֵּ֤דַע קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־חֲנ֑וֹךְ וַֽיְהִי֙ בֹּ֣נֶה עִ֔יר וַיִּקְרָא֙ שֵׁ֣ם הָעִ֔יר כְּשֵׁ֖ם בְּנ֥וֹ חֲנֽוֹךְ׃ | And Cain knew his wife, and she conceived, and she bore Enoch, and he became a builder of a city, and he called the city after the name of his son, Enoch. |
Enoch (2x) ← Hanoch, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
he ... he: i.e. in view of a vav-consecutive verb, he (Cain) became a builder of a city, and he (Cain) called the city ... Enoch. Contrast Gen 4:20. |
| Gen 4:18 | וַיִּוָּלֵ֤ד לַֽחֲנוֹךְ֙ אֶת־עִירָ֔ד וְעִירָ֕ד יָלַ֖ד אֶת־מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל וּמְחִיּיָאֵ֗ל יָלַד֙ אֶת־מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל וּמְתוּשָׁאֵ֖ל יָלַ֥ד אֶת־לָֽמֶךְ׃ | Then Irad was born to Enoch, and Irad begot Mehujael, and Mehujael begot Methushael, and Methushael begot Lamech. |
Enoch: see Gen 4:17.
Mehujael (second occurrence in verse) ← Mehijael. Methushael (2x): AV= Methusael. Lamech ← Lemech, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. AV's Lamech ↴ |
| Gen 4:19 | וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֥וֹ לֶ֖מֶךְ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָדָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית צִלָּֽה׃ | Now Lamech took for himself two wives; the name of one was Adah and the name of the other was Zillah. |
↳ is the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. The name is not in pause in the next verse.
Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 4:20 | וַתֵּ֥לֶד עָדָ֖ה אֶת־יָבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י יֹשֵׁ֥ב אֹ֖הֶל וּמִקְנֶֽה׃ | And Adah bore Jabal. He became the father of those who live in tents and have cattle. |
he: i.e. Jabal. There is no vav-consecutive verb. Contrast Gen 4:17.
those who live ... and have ← him who lives ... and (has). |
| Gen 4:21 | וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יוּבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י כָּל־תֹּפֵ֥שׂ כִּנּ֖וֹר וְעוּגָֽב׃ | And the name of his brother was Jubal. He became the father of all those who play the harp and flute. | |
| Gen 4:22 | וְצִלָּ֣ה גַם־הִ֗וא יָֽלְדָה֙ אֶת־תּ֣וּבַל קַ֔יִן לֹטֵ֕שׁ כָּל־חֹרֵ֥שׁ נְחֹ֖שֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֑ל וַֽאֲח֥וֹת תּֽוּבַל־קַ֖יִן נַֽעֲמָֽה׃ | And Zillah also gave birth, to Tubal-Cain, a sharpener of all copper and iron cutters. And the sister of Tubal-Cain was Naamah. | |
| Gen 4:23 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לֶ֜מֶךְ לְנָשָׁ֗יו עָדָ֤ה וְצִלָּה֙ שְׁמַ֣עַן קוֹלִ֔י נְשֵׁ֣י לֶ֔מֶךְ הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִ֑י כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ הָרַ֙גְתִּי֙ לְפִצְעִ֔י וְיֶ֖לֶד לְחַבֻּרָתִֽי׃ |
And Lamech said to his wives,
“Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice. You wives of Lamech, Listen to my saying, For I have killed a man to my wounding, And a youth to my scarring. |
Lamech (2x): see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 4:24 | כִּ֥י שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקַּם־קָ֑יִן וְלֶ֖מֶךְ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ |
Inasmuch as Cain will be avenged seven times over, So Lamech will be seventy-seven times.” |
Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 4:25 | וַיֵּ֨דַע אָדָ֥ם עוֹד֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵׁ֑ת כִּ֣י שָֽׁת־לִ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ זֶ֣רַע אַחֵ֔ר תַּ֣חַת הֶ֔בֶל כִּ֥י הֲרָג֖וֹ קָֽיִן׃ | Then Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son, and she called him Seth, “For”, she said, “God has appointed me another seed instead of Abel, because Cain killed him.” |
|| 1 Chr 1:1.
Seth ← Sheth, but we retain the AV / traditional name. The meaning is he appoints, or he has appointed. seed: the seed of God (Mal 2:15) and seed of the woman (Gen 3:13). Abel: see Gen 4:2. |
| Gen 4:26 | וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ יֻלַּד־בֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱנ֑וֹשׁ אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And to Seth also a son was born, and he called him Enos. At that time people began to call on the name of the Lord. |
|| 1 Chr 1:1.
Seth: see Gen 4:25. Enos ← Enosh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. people began: or it was begun. |
| Gen 5:1 | זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תּוֹלְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם בְּי֗וֹם בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם בִּדְמ֥וּת אֱלֹהִ֖ים עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ | This is the book of the genealogy of Adam, on the day God created Adam. In the likeness of God he made him. | created ← to create, gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 5:2 | זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בְּרָאָ֑ם וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָ֗ם וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמָם֙ אָדָ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם הִבָּֽרְאָֽם׃ ס | Male and female he created them, and he blessed them, and he called them Adam on the day of their being created. |
he called them ← he called their name.
Adam: or man, mankind. The Hebrew uses the word name, which is why we choose the name Adam. |
| Gen 5:3 | וַֽיְחִ֣י אָדָ֗ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּמְאַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בִּדְמוּת֖וֹ כְּצַלְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵֽׁת׃ | And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and he begot a son in his likeness, as an image of himself, and he called him Seth. | Seth: see Gen 4:25. |
| Gen 5:4 | וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ יְמֵי־אָדָ֗ם אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־שֵׁ֔ת שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵאֹ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then the days of Adam after begetting Seth were eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. |
begetting ← his begetting of.
Seth: see Gen 4:25. |
| Gen 5:5 | וַיִּֽהְי֞וּ כָּל־יְמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁר־חַ֔י תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years, and he died. | that Adam lived ← of Adam which he lived. |
| Gen 5:6 | וַֽיְחִי־שֵׁ֕ת חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ | And Seth lived one hundred and five years and begot Enos. |
Seth: see Gen 4:25.
Enos: see Gen 4:26. |
| Gen 5:7 | וַֽיְחִי־שֵׁ֗ת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־אֱנ֔וֹשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Seth lived eight hundred and seven years after begetting Enos, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Seth: see Gen 4:25.
begetting ← his begetting of. Enos: see Gen 4:26. |
| Gen 5:8 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵי־שֵׁ֔ת שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died. | Seth: see Gen 4:25. |
| Gen 5:9 | וַֽיְחִ֥י אֱנ֖וֹשׁ תִּשְׁעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־קֵינָֽן׃ | And Enos lived ninety years and begot Cainan. | Enos: see Gen 4:26. |
| Gen 5:10 | וַֽיְחִ֣י אֱנ֗וֹשׁ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־קֵינָ֔ן חֲמֵ֤שׁ עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Enos lived eight hundred and fifteen years after begetting Cainan, and he begot sons and daughters. |
|| 1 Chr 1:2.
Enos: see Gen 4:26. begetting Cainan ← his begetting of Cainan. |
| Gen 5:11 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י אֱנ֔וֹשׁ חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days of Enos were nine hundred and five years, and he died. | Enos: see Gen 4:26. |
| Gen 5:12 | וַֽיְחִ֥י קֵינָ֖ן שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל׃ | And Cainan lived seventy years and begot Mahalalel. |
|| 1 Chr 1:2.
Mahalalel: AV= Mahalaleel, not recognizing that the syllable “lal” is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Gen 5:13 | וַיְחִ֣י קֵינָ֗ן אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Cainan lived eight hundred and forty years after begetting Mahalalel, and he begot sons and daughters. |
begetting ← his begetting of.
Mahalalel: see Gen 5:12. |
| Gen 5:14 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י קֵינָ֔ן עֶ֣שֶׂר שָׁנִ֔ים וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days of Cainan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died. | |
| Gen 5:15 | וַֽיְחִ֣י מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וְשִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־יָֽרֶד׃ | And Mahalalel lived sixty-five years and begot Jared. |
|| 1 Chr 1:2.
Mahalalel: see Gen 5:12. Jared ← Jered, but we retain the AV / traditional name. Jared is the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. The name is not in pause in Gen 5:16. |
| Gen 5:16 | וַֽיְחִ֣י מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֗ל אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־יֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Mahalalel lived eight hundred and thirty years after begetting Jared, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Mahalalel: see Gen 5:12.
begetting ← his begetting of. Jared: see Gen 5:15. |
| Gen 5:17 | וַיִּהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י מַהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל חָמֵ֤שׁ וְתִשְׁעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred and ninety-five years, and he died. | Mahalalel: see Gen 5:12. |
| Gen 5:18 | וַֽיְחִי־יֶ֕רֶד שְׁתַּ֧יִם וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־חֲנֽוֹךְ׃ | And Jared lived one hundred and sixty-two years and begot Enoch. |
|| 1 Chr 1:3.
Jared: see Gen 5:15. Enoch: see Gen 4:17. |
| Gen 5:19 | וַֽיְחִי־יֶ֗רֶד אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־חֲנ֔וֹךְ שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Jared lived eight hundred years after begetting Enoch, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Jared: see Gen 5:15.
begetting ← his begetting of. Enoch: see Gen 4:17. |
| Gen 5:20 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵי־יֶ֔רֶד שְׁתַּ֤יִם וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ פ | So all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years, and he died. | Jared: see Gen 5:15. |
| Gen 5:21 | וַֽיְחִ֣י חֲנ֔וֹךְ חָמֵ֥שׁ וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־מְתוּשָֽׁלַח׃ | And Enoch lived sixty-five years and begot Methuselah. |
|| 1 Chr 1:3.
Enoch: see Gen 4:17. Methuselah ← Methushelah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The name ↴ |
| Gen 5:22 | וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֨ךְ חֲנ֜וֹךְ אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Now Enoch walked with God for three hundred years after begetting Methuselah, and he begot sons and daughters. |
↳ means (when he is) dead then he (God) will send (the flood).
Enoch: see Gen 4:17. begetting ← his begetting of. Methuselah: see Gen 5:21. |
| Gen 5:23 | וַיְהִ֖י כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חֲנ֑וֹךְ חָמֵ֤שׁ וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃ | So all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years. | Enoch: see Gen 4:17. |
| Gen 5:24 | וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ חֲנ֖וֹךְ אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאֵינֶ֕נּוּ כִּֽי־לָקַ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And Enoch walked with God, and he disappeared, for God had taken him. |
Enoch: see Gen 4:17.
and he disappeared ← and he (was) not (there). |
| Gen 5:25 | וַיְחִ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁמֹנִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־לָֽמֶךְ׃ | And Methuselah lived one hundred and eighty-seven years and begot Lamech. |
|| 1 Chr 1:3.
Methuselah: see Gen 5:21. Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 5:26 | וַֽיְחִ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֗לַח אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־לֶ֔מֶךְ שְׁתַּ֤יִם וּשְׁמוֹנִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Methuselah lived seven hundred and eighty-two years after begetting Lamech, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Methuselah: see Gen 5:21.
begetting ← his begetting of. Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 5:27 | וַיִּהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח תֵּ֤שַׁע וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ פ | So all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died. |
Methuselah: see Gen 5:21.
nine hundred and sixty-nine years: no-one made it to a thousand years – a day in God's sight. See Gen 2:17 on the day that you eat from it; Ps 90:4 for a thousand years in ↴ |
| Gen 5:28 | וַֽיְחִי־לֶ֕מֶךְ שְׁתַּ֧יִם וּשְׁמֹנִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד בֵּֽן׃ | And Lamech lived one hundred and eighty-two years, and he begot a son. |
↳ your eyes (are) as a day; 2 Pet 3:8 with the Lord ... a thousand years (is) as one day.
Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 5:29 | וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶת־שְׁמ֛וֹ נֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֠ה יְנַחֲמֵ֤נוּ מִֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֙נוּ֙ וּמֵעִצְּב֣וֹן יָדֵ֔ינוּ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽרְרָ֖הּ יְהוָֽה׃ | And he called him Noah and said, “This son will give us relief from our labour and from the toil of our hands – from the ground which the Lord cursed.” | || 1 Chr 1:4. |
| Gen 5:30 | וַֽיְחִי־לֶ֗מֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ חָמֵ֤שׁ וְתִשְׁעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֹ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then Lamech lived five hundred and ninety-five years after begetting Noah, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Lamech: see Gen 4:18.
begetting Noah ← his begetting of Noah. |
| Gen 5:31 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כָּל־יְמֵי־לֶ֔מֶךְ שֶׁ֤בַע וְשִׁבְעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | So all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died. | Lamech: see Gen 4:18. |
| Gen 5:32 | וַֽיְהִי־נֹ֕חַ בֶּן־חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹלֶד נֹ֔חַ אֶת־שֵׁ֖ם אֶת־חָ֥ם וְאֶת־יָֽפֶת׃ | And Noah was five hundred years old when Noah begot Shem, Ham and Japheth. |
|| 1 Chr 1:4.
Japheth ← Jepheth, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Japheth is the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. The name is not in pause in Gen 7:13. |
| Gen 6:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּֽי־הֵחֵ֣ל הָֽאָדָ֔ם לָרֹ֖ב עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וּבָנ֖וֹת יֻלְּד֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass when man began to increase on the surface of the ground that daughters were born to them, | |
| Gen 6:2 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ בְנֵי־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־בְּנ֣וֹת הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֥י טֹבֹ֖ת הֵ֑נָּה וַיִּקְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נָשִׁ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּחָֽרוּ׃ | and the sons of God saw man's daughters – how good-looking they were – and they took wives to themselves from everyone they chose. |
the sons of God: here, angels, as in Job 1:6, Job 38:7.
how ← that. |
| Gen 6:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה לֹֽא־יָד֨וֹן רוּחִ֤י בָֽאָדָם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם בְּשַׁגַּ֖ם ה֣וּא בָשָׂ֑ר וְהָי֣וּ יָמָ֔יו מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the Lord said, “My spirit will not strive with man age-abidingly in his waywardness. He is flesh, and his days will be one hundred and twenty years.” | in his waywardness ← in their being-wayward, from the verb shagag, in the form בְּשַׁגָּם ([BHS-CA] many manuscripts). AV differs (for that he), from be + sha (=she) + gam. |
| Gen 6:4 | הַנְּפִלִ֞ים הָי֣וּ בָאָרֶץ֮ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֒ וְגַ֣ם אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבֹ֜אוּ בְּנֵ֤י הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־בְּנ֣וֹת הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְיָלְד֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם הֵ֧מָּה הַגִּבֹּרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעוֹלָ֖ם אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַשֵּֽׁם׃ פ | There were Nephilim on the earth in those days, and after that too, when the sons of God went into the daughters of man who bore them offspring. They are the heroes who since antiquity have been men of renown. |
Nephilim ← the Nephilim, the progeny of fallen angels. The Hebrew root נפל means to fall. Referred to in Num 13:33. Compare 1 Pet 3:19-20, 2 Pet 2:10, Jude 1:6 angels who did not keep their own dominion. See also Matt 24:37 But as the days of Noah were etc. See ↴
since antiquity ← from the age. |
| Gen 6:5 | וַיַּ֣רְא יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י רַבָּ֛ה רָעַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־יֵ֙צֶר֙ מַחְשְׁבֹ֣ת לִבּ֔וֹ רַ֥ק רַ֖ע כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And the Lord saw that man's evil on the earth was great, and that every conception of the thoughts of his heart was nothing but evil all day long. |
↳ also 2 Pet 2:10 linking spirits not from God and false prophets.
See note on James 4:5, where this verse may be alluded to. nothing but ← only. |
| Gen 6:6 | וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord grieved over having made man on the earth, and he was distressed in his heart. | |
| Gen 6:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֙אתִי֙ מֵעַל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה מֵֽאָדָם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַד־רֶ֖מֶשׂ וְעַד־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כִּ֥י נִחַ֖מְתִּי כִּ֥י עֲשִׂיתִֽם׃ | And the Lord said, “I will wipe man that I created off the face of the earth – both man and beast, and reptile and birds of the sky, for I am grieved over having made them.” |
earth ← ground.
both man and beast ← from man up to beast, but referring to discrete entities here. Elsewhere sometimes a range is applicable. Compare 1 Sam 15:3, 2 Ki 25:26, 2 Chr 15:13, Esth 1:5, Esth 1:20. |
| Gen 6:8 | וְנֹ֕חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord. | |
| Gen 6:9 | אֵ֚לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת נֹ֔חַ נֹ֗חַ אִ֥ישׁ צַדִּ֛יק תָּמִ֥ים הָיָ֖ה בְּדֹֽרֹתָ֑יו אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹֽחַ׃ | This is the lineage of Noah. Noah was a righteous man; he was pure in his genealogy. Noah walked with God. | genealogy ← generations. Noah was of pure Adamic pedigree (not Nephilimic at all). |
| Gen 6:10 | וַיּ֥וֹלֶד נֹ֖חַ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה בָנִ֑ים אֶת־שֵׁ֖ם אֶת־חָ֥ם וְאֶת־יָֽפֶת׃ | And Noah begot three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. | Japheth: see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 6:11 | וַתִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ חָמָֽס׃ | Now the earth became corrupt before God, and the earth became full of violence. | |
| Gen 6:12 | וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נִשְׁחָ֑תָה כִּֽי־הִשְׁחִ֧ית כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר אֶת־דַּרְכּ֖וֹ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And God looked at the earth and saw that it had become corrupt, for all flesh had gone a corrupt way on the earth. |
and saw that ← and behold.
had gone a corrupt way ← corrupted its way. |
| Gen 6:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֜ים לְנֹ֗חַ קֵ֤ץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר֙ בָּ֣א לְפָנַ֔י כִּֽי־מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֛רֶץ חָמָ֖ס מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְהִנְנִ֥י מַשְׁחִיתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is full of violence because of them. So I am about to bring ruin on them with the earth. |
I am about to ← behold me.
bring ruin on: the same word as for had gone a corrupt way in Gen 6:12. |
| Gen 6:14 | עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר קִנִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־הַתֵּבָ֑ה וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛הּ מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ בַּכֹּֽפֶר׃ | Make yourself an ark of gopher wood. You shall make the ark in cells, and you shall cover it inside and outside with pitch. | gopher wood: perhaps cedar beams, or beams of cypress, or pine. But there are other words for all these trees (erez=cedar, berosh=cypress, oren=pine / mountain ash). |
| Gen 6:15 | וְזֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֹתָ֑הּ שְׁלֹ֧שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אַמָּ֗ה אֹ֚רֶךְ הַתֵּבָ֔ה חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ רָחְבָּ֔הּ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה קוֹמָתָֽהּ׃ | And this is how you will make it: the length of the ark will be three hundred cubits. Its width will be fifty cubits, and its height will be thirty cubits. | cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Gen 6:16 | צֹ֣הַר ׀ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה לַתֵּבָ֗ה וְאֶל־אַמָּה֙ תְּכַלֶ֣נָּה מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וּפֶ֥תַח הַתֵּבָ֖ה בְּצִדָּ֣הּ תָּשִׂ֑ים תַּחְתִּיִּ֛ם שְׁנִיִּ֥ם וּשְׁלִשִׁ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶֽׂהָ׃ | You will make a skylight for the ark and finish it one cubit projecting above, and you will make a door to the ark on the side of it. You will make it with a lower, a second and a third deck. |
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm.
make: or place. |
| Gen 6:17 | וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶת־הַמַּבּ֥וּל מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְשַׁחֵ֣ת כָּל־בָּשָׂ֗ר אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ֙ ר֣וּחַ חַיִּ֔ים מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־בָּאָ֖רֶץ יִגְוָֽע׃ | And as for me, I am about to bring a flood of water on the earth, to bring to ruin all flesh on it that has the breath of life in it under heaven. Everything that is on the earth will expire. |
I am about to ← behold me.
a flood ← the flood. |
| Gen 6:18 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֥י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וּבָאתָ֙ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֔ה אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֛יךָ וְאִשְׁתְּךָ֥ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנֶ֖יךָ אִתָּֽךְ׃ | And I will set up my covenant with you, and you will go into the ark – you, and your sons, and your wife, and your sons' wives with you. | |
| Gen 6:19 | וּמִכָּל־הָ֠חַי מִֽכָּל־בָּשָׂ֞ר שְׁנַ֧יִם מִכֹּ֛ל תָּבִ֥יא אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֖ה לְהַחֲיֹ֣ת אִתָּ֑ךְ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ | And you will bring two of every species of every living thing of all flesh into the ark to preserve them alive with you – male and female they shall be – | |
| Gen 6:20 | מֵהָע֣וֹף לְמִינֵ֗הוּ וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ מִכֹּ֛ל רֶ֥מֶשׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֖ה לְמִינֵ֑הוּ שְׁנַ֧יִם מִכֹּ֛ל יָבֹ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ לְהַֽחֲיֽוֹת׃ | of birds according to their species, and of cattle according to their species, and of all reptiles of the ground according to their species. Two of everything will come to you to preserve them alive. | |
| Gen 6:21 | וְאַתָּ֣ה קַח־לְךָ֗ מִכָּל־מַֽאֲכָל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֵלֶ֑יךָ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֛ וְלָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | And you are to take with you all kinds of food that are eaten, and gather it up, and it will be food for you and for them.” | gather it up ← gather (it) to you. |
| Gen 6:22 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ נֹ֑חַ כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים כֵּ֥ן עָשָֽׂה׃ ס | And Noah did it. Everything that God commanded him, he duly carried out. |
everything ← according to everything.
duly ← thus. |
| Gen 7:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לְנֹ֔חַ בֹּֽא־אַתָּ֥ה וְכָל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֑ה כִּֽי־אֹתְךָ֥ רָאִ֛יתִי צַדִּ֥יק לְפָנַ֖י בַּדּ֥וֹר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Noah, “Go, you and all your household, into the ark, for I have seen you as righteous before me in this generation. | seen: or regarded. |
| Gen 7:2 | מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הַבְּהֵמָ֣ה הַטְּהוֹרָ֗ה תִּֽקַּח־לְךָ֛ שִׁבְעָ֥ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א טְהֹרָ֥ה הִ֛וא שְׁנַ֖יִם אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | From every clean beast, take along seven and seven, the male and its mate. And from the beasts which are not clean, a pair, the male and its mate. | along ← to yourself. |
| Gen 7:3 | גַּ֣ם מֵע֧וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם שִׁבְעָ֥ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה זָכָ֣ר וּנְקֵבָ֑ה לְחַיּ֥וֹת זֶ֖רַע עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Also from the birds of the sky, take seven and seven, male and female, to preserve seed alive on the face of all the earth. | |
| Gen 7:4 | כִּי֩ לְיָמִ֨ים ע֜וֹד שִׁבְעָ֗ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ מַמְטִ֣יר עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה וּמָחִ֗יתִי אֶֽת־כָּל־הַיְקוּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | For in seven days' time I will be sending rain over the earth, for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe out every living thing which I made from the face of the earth.” | living thing ← existing thing, but here referring to what is alive. |
| Gen 7:5 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ נֹ֑חַ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | And Noah did everything that the Lord commanded him. | everything ← according to everything. |
| Gen 7:6 | וְנֹ֕חַ בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וְהַמַּבּ֣וּל הָיָ֔ה מַ֖יִם עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Now Noah was six hundred years old when the flood took place with water over the earth. | |
| Gen 7:7 | וַיָּ֣בֹא נֹ֗חַ וּ֠בָנָיו וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנָ֛יו אִתּ֖וֹ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֑ה מִפְּנֵ֖י מֵ֥י הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ | And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives went with him into the ark because of the water of the flood. | |
| Gen 7:8 | מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ הַטְּהוֹרָ֔ה וּמִן־הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵינֶ֖נָּה טְהֹרָ֑ה וּמִ֨ן־הָע֔וֹף וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־רֹמֵ֖שׂ עַל־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | Those from the clean beasts, and from the beasts which are not clean, and from the birds, and everything that creeps on the ground | |
| Gen 7:9 | שְׁנַ֨יִם שְׁנַ֜יִם בָּ֧אוּ אֶל־נֹ֛חַ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֖ה זָכָ֣ר וּנְקֵבָ֑ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־נֹֽחַ׃ | came two by two to Noah into the ark, male and female, as God had instructed Noah. | |
| Gen 7:10 | וַֽיְהִ֖י לְשִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֑ים וּמֵ֣י הַמַּבּ֔וּל הָי֖וּ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it came to pass after seven days that the floodwater came over the earth. | came ← became. |
| Gen 7:11 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת שָׁנָה֙ לְחַיֵּי־נֹ֔חַ בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה נִבְקְעוּ֙ כָּֽל־מַעְיְנֹת֙ תְּה֣וֹם רַבָּ֔ה וַאֲרֻבֹּ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נִפְתָּֽחוּ׃ | In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month – on this day – all the founts of the great deep were split open, and the floodgates of heaven were opened. | |
| Gen 7:12 | וַֽיְהִ֥י הַגֶּ֖שֶׁם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה׃ | And the rain came over the earth for forty days and forty nights. | came ← became. |
| Gen 7:13 | בְּעֶ֨צֶם הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ בָּ֣א נֹ֔חַ וְשֵׁם־וְחָ֥ם וָיֶ֖פֶת בְּנֵי־נֹ֑חַ וְאֵ֣שֶׁת נֹ֗חַ וּשְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת נְשֵֽׁי־בָנָ֛יו אִתָּ֖ם אֶל־הַתֵּבָֽה׃ | On this very day Noah went into the ark, as did Shem and Ham and Japheth, Noah's sons, and Noah's wife, and the three wives of his sons with them – | Japheth: see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 7:14 | הֵ֜מָּה וְכָל־הַֽחַיָּ֣ה לְמִינָ֗הּ וְכָל־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ וְכָל־הָרֶ֛מֶשׂ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְכָל־הָע֣וֹף לְמִינֵ֔הוּ כֹּ֖ל צִפּ֥וֹר כָּל־כָּנָֽף׃ | they and all the wild animals according to their species, and all the cattle according to their species, and all the reptiles which creep on the earth according to their species, and all the birds according to their species – all fowl of every wing. | |
| Gen 7:15 | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־נֹ֖חַ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֑ה שְׁנַ֤יִם שְׁנַ֙יִם֙ מִכָּל־הַבָּשָׂ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ ר֥וּחַ חַיִּֽים׃ | So they came to Noah, to the ark, two by two, from all the kinds of flesh in which there is the breath of life. | |
| Gen 7:16 | וְהַבָּאִ֗ים זָכָ֨ר וּנְקֵבָ֤ה מִכָּל־בָּשָׂר֙ בָּ֔אוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בַּֽעֲדֽוֹ׃ | And those that came were male and female; from every kind of flesh they came, as God had instructed him. Then the Lord closed up after him. | |
| Gen 7:17 | וַֽיְהִ֧י הַמַּבּ֛וּל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים י֖וֹם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּרְבּ֣וּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־הַתֵּבָ֔ה וַתָּ֖רָם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the flood took place for forty days on the earth, and the water increased and bore up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth. | |
| Gen 7:18 | וַיִּגְבְּר֥וּ הַמַּ֛יִם וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ הַתֵּבָ֖ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And the water gained strength and increased greatly over the earth, while the ark went on the surface of the water. | |
| Gen 7:19 | וְהַמַּ֗יִם גָּֽבְר֛וּ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹ֖ד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And the water gained greater and greater strength over the earth, and all the high mountains which are below all the heavens were covered. | |
| Gen 7:20 | חֲמֵ֨שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה אַמָּה֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה גָּבְר֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם וַיְכֻסּ֖וּ הֶהָרִֽים׃ | The water grew to fifteen cubits upwards, and it covered the mountains. | cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Gen 7:21 | וַיִּגְוַ֞ע כָּל־בָּשָׂ֣ר ׀ הָרֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בָּע֤וֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבַ֣חַיָּ֔ה וּבְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל הָאָדָֽם׃ | And all flesh which creeps over the earth expired, with birds and with beasts and with animals, and with all aquatic life which teems on the earth, and all mankind. | mankind ← man, or Adam. |
| Gen 7:22 | כֹּ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁמַת־ר֨וּחַ חַיִּ֜ים בְּאַפָּ֗יו מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֶּחָֽרָבָ֖ה מֵֽתוּ׃ | Everything that had the breath of the spirit of life in its nostrils – everything which was on dry land – died. | everything ← from everything, perhaps meaning (the bulk) of everything, excepting what was in the ark. |
| Gen 7:23 | וַיִּ֜מַח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַיְק֣וּם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֗ה מֵאָדָ֤ם עַד־בְּהֵמָה֙ עַד־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ וְעַד־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמָּח֖וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִשָּׁ֧אֶר אַךְ־נֹ֛חַ וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָֽה׃ | And he wiped out every living thing which was on the surface of the earth, both man and beast, and reptile and the birds of the sky. And they were wiped out from the earth, and only Noah and those with him in the ark remained. |
living thing: see Gen 7:4.
earth ← ground. |
| Gen 7:24 | וַיִּגְבְּר֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם׃ | And the water held sway over the earth for one hundred and fifty days. | |
| Gen 8:1 | וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָ֑ה וַיַּעֲבֵ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים ר֙וּחַ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּשֹׁ֖כּוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And God remembered Noah and all the livestock and all the beasts that were with him in the ark, and God caused a spirit to pass over the earth, and the waters abated. | spirit: or wind. |
| Gen 8:2 | וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ֙ מַעְיְנֹ֣ת תְּה֔וֹם וַֽאֲרֻבֹּ֖ת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א הַגֶּ֖שֶׁם מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And the founts of the deep were closed off, as were the floodgates of heaven, and the rain was held back from the heavens. | |
| Gen 8:3 | וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ הַמַּ֛יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָ֖רֶץ הָל֣וֹךְ וָשׁ֑וֹב וַיַּחְסְר֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם מִקְצֵ֕ה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם׃ | And the water receded from the earth, and it kept receding, and the water diminished after one hundred and fifty days. |
and it kept receding: with an infinitive absolute.
after ← at the end of. |
| Gen 8:4 | וַתָּ֤נַח הַתֵּבָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָה־עָשָׂ֥ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י אֲרָרָֽט׃ | Then the ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat. | |
| Gen 8:5 | וְהַמַּ֗יִם הָיוּ֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְחָס֔וֹר עַ֖ד הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֑י בָּֽעֲשִׂירִי֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ נִרְא֖וּ רָאשֵׁ֥י הֶֽהָרִֽים׃ | And the water kept on diminishing until the tenth month. In the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the summits of the mountains were seen. | kept on diminishing: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 8:6 | וַֽיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֑וֹם וַיִּפְתַּ֣ח נֹ֔חַ אֶת־חַלּ֥וֹן הַתֵּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | Then it came to pass after forty days that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made, | after ← at the end of. |
| Gen 8:7 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָֽעֹרֵ֑ב וַיֵּצֵ֤א יָצוֹא֙ וָשׁ֔וֹב עַד־יְבֹ֥שֶׁת הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and he sent out a raven, and it kept going out and coming back again until the water dried up on the earth. |
a raven ← the raven, perhaps denoting the raven which had been appointed for this purpose beforehand.
it kept going out: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 8:8 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֖ה מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לִרְאוֹת֙ הֲקַ֣לּוּ הַמַּ֔יִם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And he sent out a dove to see if the water had ebbed away on the surface of the ground. |
sent out ← sent from with him.
a dove ← the dove. |
| Gen 8:9 | וְלֹֽא־מָצְאָה֩ הַיּוֹנָ֨ה מָנ֜וֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלָ֗הּ וַתָּ֤שָׁב אֵלָיו֙ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֔ה כִּי־מַ֖יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ וַיִּקָּחֶ֔הָ וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֛הּ אֵלָ֖יו אֶל־הַתֵּבָֽה׃ | But the dove did not find a resting place for the sole of its foot, and it came back to him – to the ark – for there was water over the surface of the whole earth. And he stretched out his hand and took it and brought it in, into the ark. | brought it in ← brought it to himself. |
| Gen 8:10 | וַיָּ֣חֶל ע֔וֹד שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֛סֶף שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֖ה מִן־הַתֵּבָֽה׃ | And he waited for another seven days, and again he sent out the dove from the ark. | another ← yet another; still another. |
| Gen 8:11 | וַתָּבֹ֨א אֵלָ֤יו הַיּוֹנָה֙ לְעֵ֣ת עֶ֔רֶב וְהִנֵּ֥ה עֲלֵה־זַ֖יִת טָרָ֣ף בְּפִ֑יהָ וַיֵּ֣דַע נֹ֔חַ כִּי־קַ֥לּוּ הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֥ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the dove came back to him in the evening, and behold, there was a fresh olive leaf in its mouth. So Noah knew that the water had ebbed away from the surface of the earth. | evening ← evening time. |
| Gen 8:12 | וַיִּיָּ֣חֶל ע֔וֹד שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיְשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יָסְפָ֥ה שׁוּב־אֵלָ֖יו עֽוֹד׃ | And he waited for another seven days, and he sent out the dove, and it did not come back to him again. |
another ← yet another; still another.
again ← again ... any more. |
| Gen 8:13 | וַֽ֠יְהִי בְּאַחַ֨ת וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֜וֹת שָׁנָ֗ה בָּֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ חָֽרְב֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּ֤סַר נֹ֙חַ֙ אֶת־מִכְסֵ֣ה הַתֵּבָ֔ה וַיַּ֕רְא וְהִנֵּ֥ה חָֽרְב֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, that the water dried up from the earth, and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked around, and what he saw was that the surface of the ground had become dry. | what he saw was that ← behold. |
| Gen 8:14 | וּבַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י בְּשִׁבְעָ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ יָבְשָׁ֖ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And in the second month on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth became dry. | |
| Gen 8:15 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־נֹ֥חַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And God spoke to Noah and said, | |
| Gen 8:16 | צֵ֖א מִן־הַתֵּבָ֑ה אַתָּ֕ה וְאִשְׁתְּךָ֛ וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנֶ֖יךָ אִתָּֽךְ׃ | “Go out of the ark, you and your wife, and your sons, and your sons' wives with you. | |
| Gen 8:17 | כָּל־הַחַיָּ֨ה אֲשֶֽׁר־אִתְּךָ֜ מִכָּל־בָּשָׂ֗ר בָּע֧וֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּבְכָל־הָרֶ֛מֶשׂ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ *הוצא **הַיְצֵ֣א אִתָּ֑ךְ וְשָֽׁרְצ֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ וּפָר֥וּ וְרָב֖וּ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Bring out with you all the livestock which is with you, the specimens from all the kinds of flesh, on the birds and on the beasts and on all the reptiles which creep on the earth, so that they may teem on the earth, and be fruitful and increase on the earth.” |
bring out: this is the sense of both ketiv (הוֹצֵא) and qeré (הַיְצֵא).
flesh, on ... on ... on: it is as if Hebrew sees the animals etc. in skeletal form with flesh on them. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 8:18 | וַיֵּ֖צֵא־נֹ֑חַ וּבָנָ֛יו וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ וּנְשֵֽׁי־בָנָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃ | So Noah came out, as did his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him. | |
| Gen 8:19 | כָּל־הַֽחַיָּ֗ה כָּל־הָרֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ וְכָל־הָע֔וֹף כֹּ֖ל רוֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם יָצְא֖וּ מִן־הַתֵּבָֽה׃ | All the livestock, all the reptiles and all the birds, everything that creeps on the earth, according to their families, came out of the ark. | |
| Gen 8:20 | וַיִּ֥בֶן נֹ֛חַ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֞ח מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הַבְּהֵמָ֣ה הַטְּהוֹרָ֗ה וּמִכֹּל֙ הָע֣וֹף הַטָּהֹ֔ר וַיַּ֥עַל עֹלֹ֖ת בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | Then Noah built an altar to the Lord, and he took sacrificial victims from all the clean beasts and from all the clean birds, and he made burnt offerings on the altar. | |
| Gen 8:21 | וַיָּ֣רַח יְהוָה֮ אֶת־רֵ֣יחַ הַנִּיחֹחַ֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־לִבּ֗וֹ לֹֽא־אֹ֠סִף לְקַלֵּ֨ל ע֤וֹד אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּעֲב֣וּר הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣צֶר לֵ֧ב הָאָדָ֛ם רַ֖ע מִנְּעֻרָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־אֹסִ֥ף ע֛וֹד לְהַכּ֥וֹת אֶת־כָּל־חַ֖י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ |
And the Lord smelled the sweet fragrance, and the Lord said in his heart,
“I will not curse the ground again because of man, For the imagination of the heart of man is evil from his youth on, And I will not strike everything living again, As I have done, |
See note on James 4:5, where this verse may be alluded to.
again ← yet again. |
| Gen 8:22 | עֹ֖ד כָּל־יְמֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ זֶ֡רַע וְ֠קָצִיר וְקֹ֨ר וָחֹ֜ם וְקַ֧יִץ וָחֹ֛רֶף וְי֥וֹם וָלַ֖יְלָה לֹ֥א יִשְׁבֹּֽתוּ׃ |
As long as all the days of the earth – Seed time and harvest time, And cold and hot, And summer and winter, And day and night – Do not cease.” |
|
| Gen 9:1 | וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־נֹ֖חַ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֖וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And God blessed Noah and his sons, and he said to them, “Be fruitful and increase and fill the earth. | |
| Gen 9:2 | וּמוֹרַאֲכֶ֤ם וְחִתְּכֶם֙ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עַ֚ל כָּל־חַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּרְמֹ֧שׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה וּֽבְכָל־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֥ם נִתָּֽנוּ׃ | And fear of you and dread of you will be innate to all the animals of the earth, and to all the birds of the sky, and to everything that creeps on the ground, and to all the fish of the sea. They have been delivered into your hand. |
fear of you and dread of you ← your fear and your dread, objective genitives.
innate to ← upon. |
| Gen 9:3 | כָּל־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוּא־חַ֔י לָכֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה לְאָכְלָ֑ה כְּיֶ֣רֶק עֵ֔שֶׂב נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־כֹּֽל׃ | Every reptile that lives will be food for you, like the green vegetables. I have given you everything. | |
| Gen 9:4 | אַךְ־בָּשָׂ֕ר בְּנַפְשׁ֥וֹ דָמ֖וֹ לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ | But you shall not eat flesh with its source of life – its blood. | source of life ← soul. |
| Gen 9:5 | וְאַ֨ךְ אֶת־דִּמְכֶ֤ם לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ אֶדְרֹ֔שׁ מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־חַיָּ֖ה אֶדְרְשֶׁ֑נּוּ וּמִיַּ֣ד הָֽאָדָ֗ם מִיַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אֶדְרֹ֖שׁ אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאָדָֽם׃ | And I will surely require the blood of your lives. At the hand of every animal I will require it, and at the hand of man, at the hand of each man's brother, I will require the life of man. |
lives ... life ← souls ... soul.
at the hand of (3x): i.e. through the agency of. This verse is clarified in the next. |
| Gen 9:6 | שֹׁפֵךְ֙ דַּ֣ם הָֽאָדָ֔ם בָּֽאָדָ֖ם דָּמ֣וֹ יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ כִּ֚י בְּצֶ֣לֶם אֱלֹהִ֔ים עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָֽם׃ |
As for him who sheds the blood of man, By man his blood will be shed, For in the image of God He made man. |
Rev 13:10 (allusion). |
| Gen 9:7 | וְאַתֶּ֖ם פְּר֣וּ וּרְב֑וּ שִׁרְצ֥וּ בָאָ֖רֶץ וּרְבוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס |
As for you, Be fruitful and increase; Teem on the earth And increase on it.” |
|
| Gen 9:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־נֹ֔חַ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֥יו אִתּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then God spoke to Noah and to his sons with him, and he said, | |
| Gen 9:9 | וַאֲנִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י מֵקִ֛ים אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְאֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶ֖ם אַֽחֲרֵיכֶֽם׃ | “As for me, I am about to set up my covenant with you and with your seed after you, | I am about to ← behold me. |
| Gen 9:10 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־נֶ֤פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֔ם בָּע֧וֹף בַּבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּֽבְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ אִתְּכֶ֑ם מִכֹּל֙ יֹצְאֵ֣י הַתֵּבָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and with every living thing which is with you, with birds, with cattle and with all earthly life, with you, both everything that came out of the ark and all earthly life. |
living thing ← soul of life.
and all earthly life: referring to life descended from what came out of the ark. |
| Gen 9:11 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֤י אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר ע֖וֹד מִמֵּ֣י הַמַּבּ֑וּל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה ע֛וֹד מַבּ֖וּל לְשַׁחֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I will set up my covenant with you, that no more will all flesh be cut off by the water of a flood, and there will not be a flood any more bringing the earth to ruin.” | |
| Gen 9:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים זֹ֤את אֽוֹת־הַבְּרִית֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֣י נֹתֵ֗ן בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֛ין כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֑ם לְדֹרֹ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | And God said, “This is the sign of the covenant which I give between myself and you and with all living beings which are with you, for age-abiding generations: | living beings ← living soul. |
| Gen 9:13 | אֶת־קַשְׁתִּ֕י נָתַ֖תִּי בֶּֽעָנָ֑ן וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְא֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | I put my bow in the clouds, and it will be a sign of a covenant between myself and the earth. |
bow: i.e. rainbow.
clouds ← cloud. |
| Gen 9:14 | וְהָיָ֕ה בְּעַֽנְנִ֥י עָנָ֖ן עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנִרְאֲתָ֥ה הַקֶּ֖שֶׁת בֶּעָנָֽן׃ | And it will come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow will appear in the cloud. | |
| Gen 9:15 | וְזָכַרְתִּ֣י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֛ין כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּ֖ה בְּכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה ע֤וֹד הַמַּ֙יִם֙ לְמַבּ֔וּל לְשַׁחֵ֖ת כָּל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And I will remember my covenant which is between myself and you, and with all living beings – with all flesh – and there will not be any floodwater any more to bring all flesh to ruin. | living beings ← soul of life. |
| Gen 9:16 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה הַקֶּ֖שֶׁת בֶּֽעָנָ֑ן וּרְאִיתִ֗יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם בֵּ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבֵין֙ כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֔ה בְּכָל־בָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the bow will be in the cloud, and I will see it, so as to remember the age-abiding covenant between God and all living beings with all flesh that is on the earth.” |
be ← become.
the age-abiding covenant ← an age-abiding covenant. living beings ← soul of life. |
| Gen 9:17 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־נֹ֑חַ זֹ֤את אֽוֹת־הַבְּרִית֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲקִמֹ֔תִי בֵּינִ֕י וּבֵ֥ין כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | And God said to Noah, “This is the sign of the covenant which I have set up between myself and all flesh which is on the earth.” | |
| Gen 9:18 | וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־נֹ֗חַ הַיֹּֽצְאִים֙ מִן־הַתֵּבָ֔ה שֵׁ֖ם וְחָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וְחָ֕ם ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃ | Now the sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem and Ham and Japheth. And Ham is the father of Canaan. | Japheth: see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 9:19 | שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵי־נֹ֑חַ וּמֵאֵ֖לֶּה נָֽפְצָ֥ה כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | These three were the sons of Noah, and from these the whole earth was populated. | populated ← scattered, strewn over. |
| Gen 9:20 | וַיָּ֥חֶל נֹ֖חַ אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וַיִּטַּ֖ע כָּֽרֶם׃ | Then Noah took up being a cultivator of the ground, and he planted a vineyard. |
took up being ← began (as).
cultivator ← man. |
| Gen 9:21 | וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מִן־הַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר וַיִּתְגַּ֖ל בְּת֥וֹךְ אָהֳלֹֽה׃ | And he drank from the wine and became drunk, and he uncovered himself inside his tent. | |
| Gen 9:22 | וַיַּ֗רְא חָ֚ם אֲבִ֣י כְנַ֔עַן אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יו וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לִשְׁנֵֽי־אֶחָ֖יו בַּחֽוּץ׃ | Now Ham the father of Canaan saw the nakedness of his father, and he told his two brothers outside. | saw the nakedness of his father: an expression meaning lying with his father's wife (Lev 20:11). This could explain Noah's attitude towards Ham and Canaan in the following verses. The ↴ |
| Gen 9:23 | וַיִּקַּח֩ שֵׁ֨ם וָיֶ֜פֶת אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וַיְכַסּ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃ | So Shem and Japheth took a mantle and put it on both of their shoulders and walked backwards and covered the nakedness of their father, while their faces were directed backwards, and they did not see the nakedness of their father. |
↳ literal events here could have a deeper story to tell as well.
Japheth: see Gen 5:32. a mantle ← the mantle. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 9:24 | וַיִּ֥יקֶץ נֹ֖חַ מִיֵּינ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֕דַע אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה־ל֖וֹ בְּנ֥וֹ הַקָּטָֽן׃ | Then Noah awoke from his wine stupor and knew what his youngest son had done to him. | |
| Gen 9:25 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָר֣וּר כְּנָ֑עַן עֶ֥בֶד עֲבָדִ֖ים יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לְאֶחָֽיו׃ |
And he said,
“Cursed be Canaan. He shall be a servant of servants To his brothers.” |
|
| Gen 9:26 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּר֥וּךְ יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹ֣הֵי שֵׁ֑ם וִיהִ֥י כְנַ֖עַן עֶ֥בֶד לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And he said,
“Blessed be the Lord God of Shem, And may Canaan be his servant. |
|
| Gen 9:27 | יַ֤פְתְּ אֱלֹהִים֙ לְיֶ֔פֶת וְיִשְׁכֹּ֖ן בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁ֑ם וִיהִ֥י כְנַ֖עַן עֶ֥בֶד לָֽמוֹ׃ |
May God enlarge Japheth, And may he dwell in the tents of Shem, And may Canaan be his servant.” |
enlarge Japheth: cognate words in Hebrew (yaft ... yefet). On the form Japheth, see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 9:28 | וַֽיְחִי־נֹ֖חַ אַחַ֣ר הַמַּבּ֑וּל שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Noah lived for three hundred and fifty years after the flood. | |
| Gen 9:29 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵי־נֹ֔חַ תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ פ | So all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years, and he died. | |
| Gen 10:1 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת בְּנֵי־נֹ֔חַ שֵׁ֖ם חָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וַיִּוָּלְד֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם בָּנִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ | Now this is the lineage of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham and Japheth, and sons were born to them after the flood. | Japheth: see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 10:2 | בְּנֵ֣י יֶ֔פֶת גֹּ֣מֶר וּמָג֔וֹג וּמָדַ֖י וְיָוָ֣ן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ וְתִירָֽס׃ | The sons of Japheth were Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras. |
|| 1 Chr 1:5.
Japheth: see Gen 5:32. |
| Gen 10:3 | וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְרִיפַ֖ת וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃ | And the sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah. | || 1 Chr 1:6. |
| Gen 10:4 | וּבְנֵ֥י יָוָ֖ן אֱלִישָׁ֣ה וְתַרְשִׁ֑ישׁ כִּתִּ֖ים וְדֹדָנִֽים׃ | And the sons of Javan were Elishah and Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim. | || 1 Chr 1:7. |
| Gen 10:5 | מֵ֠אֵלֶּה נִפְרְד֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ בְּאַרְצֹתָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לִלְשֹׁנ֑וֹ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃ | From these the coastlands of the Gentiles were separated into their lands, each one according to his language, by their families in their nations. | |
| Gen 10:6 | וּבְנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וּפ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן׃ | And the sons of Ham were Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan. |
|| 1 Chr 1:8.
Cush ... Mizraim ... Put: connected with Ethiopia ... Egypt ... Libya. See [CB] for more such connections. Put: AV= Phut, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Gen 10:7 | וּבְנֵ֣י כ֔וּשׁ סְבָא֙ וַֽחֲוִילָ֔ה וְסַבְתָּ֥ה וְרַעְמָ֖ה וְסַבְתְּכָ֑א וּבְנֵ֥י רַעְמָ֖ה שְׁבָ֥א וּדְדָֽן׃ | And the sons of Cush were Seba and Havilah and Sabtah and Raamah and Sabtechah. And the sons of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan. |
|| 1 Chr 1:9.
Sabtechah ← Sabtecha, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The word ends in aleph, not hé. Compare Gen 10:28, Sheba, and Gen 10:30, Mesha, where the AV correctly omits the hé. |
| Gen 10:8 | וְכ֖וּשׁ יָלַ֣ד אֶת־נִמְרֹ֑ד ה֣וּא הֵחֵ֔ל לִֽהְי֥וֹת גִּבֹּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Cush begot Nimrod. He started to become mighty in the land. | || 1 Chr 1:10. |
| Gen 10:9 | הֽוּא־הָיָ֥ה גִבֹּֽר־צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ יֵֽאָמַ֔ר כְּנִמְרֹ֛ד גִּבּ֥וֹר צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | He became a mighty hunter before the Lord. On account of that there is a saying, “Like Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord.” |
mighty hunter (2x) ← mighty one of hunting.
there is a saying ← it is said. |
| Gen 10:10 | וַתְּהִ֨י רֵאשִׁ֤ית מַמְלַכְתּוֹ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶ֖רֶךְ וְאַכַּ֣ד וְכַלְנֵ֑ה בְּאֶ֖רֶץ שִׁנְעָֽר׃ | And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon and Erech and Accad and Calneh in the land of Shinar. |
Babylon ← Babel.
Shinar: Babylonia. |
| Gen 10:11 | מִן־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִ֖וא יָצָ֣א אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה וְאֶת־רְחֹבֹ֥ת עִ֖יר וְאֶת־כָּֽלַח׃ | From that land Ashshur emerged, and he built Nineveh and Rehoboth City and Calah, |
Ashshur: AV= Asshur.
emerged: or went out. |
| Gen 10:12 | וְֽאֶת־רֶ֔סֶן בֵּ֥ין נִֽינְוֵ֖ה וּבֵ֣ין כָּ֑לַח הִ֖וא הָעִ֥יר הַגְּדֹלָֽה׃ | and Resen between Nineveh and Calah. This is the great city. | great: perhaps greatest, as the definite article is used for the superlative in Hebrew, as in Gen 9:24 (youngest son). |
| Gen 10:13 | וּמִצְרַ֡יִם יָלַ֞ד אֶת־לוּדִ֧ים וְאֶת־עֲנָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־לְהָבִ֖ים וְאֶת־נַפְתֻּחִֽים׃ | And Mizraim begot Ludim and Anamim and Lehabim and Naphtuhim, | || 1 Chr 1:11. |
| Gen 10:14 | וְֽאֶת־פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים וְאֶת־כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֥וּ מִשָּׁ֛ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְאֶת־כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס | and Pathrusim, and Casluhim from whom the Philistines emerged, and the Caphtorites. |
|| 1 Chr 1:12.
from whom ← from where. Philistines ← Pelishtim, but we retain the traditional English name. AV here= Philistim; later Philistines. Caphtorites: AV= Caphtorims. |
| Gen 10:15 | וּכְנַ֗עַן יָלַ֛ד אֶת־צִידֹ֥ן בְּכֹר֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֵֽת׃ | And Canaan begot Sidon his firstborn and Heth, |
|| 1 Chr 1:13.
Sidon: the AV convention would be Zidon, as in the AV in Gen 49:13 and some other places, but we retain Sidon. |
| Gen 10:16 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃ | and the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite, |
|| 1 Chr 1:14.
Jebusite (and the other demonyms): the sense is plural, Jebusites (etc.), but we retain the singular for its somewhat poetic effect. Compare Ex 15:1 (note). Amorite ← Emorite. |
| Gen 10:17 | וְאֶת־הַֽחִוִּ֥י וְאֶת־הַֽעַרְקִ֖י וְאֶת־הַסִּינִֽי׃ | and the Hivite and the Arkite and the Sinite, | || 1 Chr 1:15. |
| Gen 10:18 | וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ | and the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite. Then afterwards the families of the Canaanites spread out. | || 1 Chr 1:16. |
| Gen 10:19 | וַֽיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִצִּידֹ֔ן בֹּאֲכָ֥ה גְרָ֖רָה עַד־עַזָּ֑ה בֹּאֲכָ֞ה סְדֹ֧מָה וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאַדְמָ֥ה וּצְבֹיִ֖ם עַד־לָֽשַׁע׃ | And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon as one goes to Gerar as far as Gaza, as one goes to Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboim, as far as Lasha. |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15.
Sodom ... Gomorrah ... Lasha ← Sedom ... Amorah ... Lesha, but we retain the AV / traditional English names. Lasha is the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Gen 10:20 | אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־חָ֔ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לִלְשֹֽׁנֹתָ֑ם בְּאַרְצֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃ ס | These were the sons of Ham by their families, by their languages, in their territories, in their nations. | |
| Gen 10:21 | וּלְשֵׁ֥ם יֻלַּ֖ד גַּם־ה֑וּא אֲבִי֙ כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵ֔בֶר אֲחִ֖י יֶ֥פֶת הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ | And to Shem also offspring were born. He is the father of all the sons of Eber the brother of Japheth the elder. |
father: i.e. forefather.
Japheth: see Gen 5:32. the elder: or the great. |
| Gen 10:22 | בְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וַֽאֲרָֽם׃ | The sons of Shem were Elam and Ashshur and Arphaxad and Lud and Aram. |
|| 1 Chr 1:17.
Ashshur: AV= Asshur. Arphaxad ← Arpacshad, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Arphaxad is wrongly lenited (ph for p). |
| Gen 10:23 | וּבְנֵ֖י אֲרָ֑ם ע֥וּץ וְח֖וּל וְגֶ֥תֶר וָמַֽשׁ׃ | And the sons of Aram were Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash. | || 1 Chr 1:17. |
| Gen 10:24 | וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד יָלַ֣ד אֶת־שָׁ֑לַח וְשֶׁ֖לַח יָלַ֥ד אֶת־עֵֽבֶר׃ | And Arphaxad begot Shelah, and Shelah begot Eber. |
|| 1 Chr 1:18.
Arphaxad: see Gen 10:22. Shelah (2x): AV= Salah, the pausal form (see Gen 4:2), and it has a sin for a shin. |
| Gen 10:25 | וּלְעֵ֥בֶר יֻלַּ֖ד שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים שֵׁ֣ם הָֽאֶחָ֞ד פֶּ֗לֶג כִּ֤י בְיָמָיו֙ נִפְלְגָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יָקְטָֽן׃ | And by Eber two sons were begotten. The name of one was Peleg, for in his days the earth became divided, and the name of his brother was Joktan. |
|| 1 Chr 1:19.
Peleg: the Hebrew (and Aramaic) root פלג means to divide, as in Ps 55:10 (Ps 55:9AV) and Dan 2:41. |
| Gen 10:26 | וְיָקְטָ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־אַלְמוֹדָ֖ד וְאֶת־שָׁ֑לֶף וְאֶת־חֲצַרְמָ֖וֶת וְאֶת־יָֽרַח׃ | And Joktan begot Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah, |
|| 1 Chr 1:20.
Sheleph ... Jerah: the AV correctly normalizes the pausal forms here (Shaleph, Jarah) but not in Gen 4:2, Gen 4:18 etc. |
| Gen 10:27 | וְאֶת־הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־דִּקְלָֽה׃ | and Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah, | || 1 Chr 1:21. |
| Gen 10:28 | וְאֶת־עוֹבָ֥ל וְאֶת־אֲבִֽימָאֵ֖ל וְאֶת־שְׁבָֽא׃ | and Obal and Abimael and Sheba, | || 1 Chr 1:22. |
| Gen 10:29 | וְאֶת־אוֹפִ֥ר וְאֶת־חֲוִילָ֖ה וְאֶת־יוֹבָ֑ב כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י יָקְטָֽן׃ | and Ophir and Havilah and Jobab. All of these were the sons of Joktan, | || 1 Chr 1:23. |
| Gen 10:30 | וַֽיְהִ֥י מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם מִמֵּשָׁ֑א בֹּאֲכָ֥ה סְפָ֖רָה הַ֥ר הַקֶּֽדֶם׃ | and their dwelling place was from Mesha as one goes to Sephar, the mountain of the east. | |
| Gen 10:31 | אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־שֵׁ֔ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לִלְשֹׁנֹתָ֑ם בְּאַרְצֹתָ֖ם לְגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃ | These were the sons of Shem by their families, by their languages, in their territories, by their nations. | languages ← tongues. |
| Gen 10:32 | אֵ֣לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֧ת בְּנֵי־נֹ֛חַ לְתוֹלְדֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶ֑ם וּמֵאֵ֜לֶּה נִפְרְד֧וּ הַגּוֹיִ֛ם בָּאָ֖רֶץ אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ פ | These were the families of the sons of Noah by their family histories in their nations, and from these the nations separated off on the earth after the flood. | |
| Gen 11:1 | וַֽיְהִ֥י כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים׃ | Now the whole earth was of one language and one vocabulary. |
one language ← one lip.
one vocabulary ← one (in plural) words, i.e. one set of words. |
| Gen 11:2 | וַֽיְהִ֖י בְּנָסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַֽיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And it came to pass as they migrated eastwards that they found a valley in the land of Shinar and dwelt there. |
eastwards: as [BDB]. The preposition min loses its force of from in this expression.
Shinar: Babylonia. |
| Gen 11:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃ | And they said to each other, “Come on, let's make bricks and fire them thoroughly.” And they had bricks for stone, and they had bitumen for mortar. | fire them thoroughly ← fire (them) to a firing. |
| Gen 11:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And they said, “Come on, let's build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the sky, and let's make ourselves a reputation, so that we are not scattered over the surface of all the earth.” | the sky: or heaven. |
| Gen 11:5 | וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה לִרְאֹ֥ת אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ | Then the Lord came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of Adam had built. | |
| Gen 11:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה הֵ֣ן עַ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְשָׂפָ֤ה אַחַת֙ לְכֻלָּ֔ם וְזֶ֖ה הַחִלָּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְעַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־יִבָּצֵ֣ר מֵהֶ֔ם כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָזְמ֖וּ לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | And the Lord said, “Behold, there is one people and one language for all of them, and this is what they have undertaken to do. Now nothing that they devise will be infeasible for them to do. |
this is what they have undertaken to do ← this (is) their beginning to do.
infeasible for ← cut off from. |
| Gen 11:7 | הָ֚בָה נֵֽרְדָ֔ה וְנָבְלָ֥ה שָׁ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפַ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | Come now, let us go down and confound their language there, so that one will not understand the language of another.” |
confound: from the Hebrew root בלל. See Gen 11:9.
understand ← hear. |
| Gen 11:8 | וַיָּ֨פֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם מִשָּׁ֖ם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּחְדְּל֖וּ לִבְנֹ֥ת הָעִֽיר׃ | So the Lord scattered them from there over the surface of the whole earth, and they stopped building the city. | |
| Gen 11:9 | עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּי־שָׁ֛ם בָּלַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה שְׂפַ֣ת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמִשָּׁם֙ הֱפִיצָ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַל־פְּנֵ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | For that reason they called it Babel, because the Lord confounded the language of the whole earth there, and from there the Lord scattered them over the surface of the whole earth. | Babel: from the Hebrew root בלל which means to mix, to confound (rather than בבל). |
| Gen 11:10 | אֵ֚לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת שֵׁ֔ם שֵׁ֚ם בֶּן־מְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֔ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־אַרְפַּכְשָׁ֑ד שְׁנָתַ֖יִם אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ | This is the lineage of Shem. Shem was one hundred years old when he begot Arphaxad, two years after the flood. | Arphaxad: see Gen 10:22. |
| Gen 11:11 | וַֽיְחִי־שֵׁ֗ם אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־אַרְפַּכְשָׁ֔ד חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Arphaxad, Shem lived for five hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. |
|| 1 Chr 1:24.
he begot ← his begetting. Gerundial use of the infinitive, also in many verses following. Arphaxad: see Gen 10:22. |
| Gen 11:12 | וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֣ד חַ֔י חָמֵ֥שׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־שָֽׁלַח׃ | And Arphaxad lived for thirty-five years and begot Shelah. |
|| 1 Chr 1:24.
Arphaxad: see Gen 10:22. Shelah: see Gen 10:24. |
| Gen 11:13 | וַֽיְחִ֣י אַרְפַּכְשַׁ֗ד אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־שֶׁ֔לַח שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Shelah, Arphaxad lived for four hundred and three years, and he begot sons and daughters. |
Shelah: see Gen 10:24.
Arphaxad: see Gen 10:22. |
| Gen 11:14 | וְשֶׁ֥לַח חַ֖י שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־עֵֽבֶר׃ | And Shelah lived for thirty years and begot Eber. | Shelah: see Gen 10:24. |
| Gen 11:15 | וַֽיְחִי־שֶׁ֗לַח אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־עֵ֔בֶר שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Eber, Shelah lived for four hundred and three years, and he begot sons and daughters. | Shelah: see Gen 10:24. |
| Gen 11:16 | וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֕בֶר אַרְבַּ֥ע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־פָּֽלֶג׃ | And Eber lived for thirty-four years and begot Peleg. | || 1 Chr 1:25. |
| Gen 11:17 | וַֽיְחִי־עֵ֗בֶר אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־פֶּ֔לֶג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Peleg, Eber lived for four hundred and thirty years, and he begot sons and daughters. | |
| Gen 11:18 | וַֽיְחִי־פֶ֖לֶג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־רְעֽוּ׃ | And Peleg lived for thirty years and begot Reu. | || 1 Chr 1:25. |
| Gen 11:19 | וַֽיְחִי־פֶ֗לֶג אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־רְע֔וּ תֵּ֥שַׁע שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Reu, Peleg lived for two hundred and nine years, and he begot sons and daughters. | |
| Gen 11:20 | וַיְחִ֣י רְע֔וּ שְׁתַּ֥יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־שְׂרֽוּג׃ | And Reu lived for thirty-two years and begot Serug. | || 1 Chr 1:26. |
| Gen 11:21 | וַיְחִ֣י רְע֗וּ אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־שְׂר֔וּג שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Serug, Reu lived for two hundred and seven years, and he begot sons and daughters. | |
| Gen 11:22 | וַיְחִ֥י שְׂר֖וּג שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־נָחֽוֹר׃ | And Serug lived for thirty years and begot Nahor. | || 1 Chr 1:26. |
| Gen 11:23 | וַיְחִ֣י שְׂר֗וּג אַחֲרֵ֛י הוֹלִיד֥וֹ אֶת־נָח֖וֹר מָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Nahor, Serug lived for two hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. | |
| Gen 11:24 | וַיְחִ֣י נָח֔וֹר תֵּ֥שַׁע וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת־תָּֽרַח׃ | And Nahor lived for twenty-nine years and begot Terah. | || 1 Chr 1:26. |
| Gen 11:25 | וַיְחִ֣י נָח֗וֹר אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת־תֶּ֔רַח תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ ס | Then after he begot Terah, Nahor lived for one hundred and nineteen years, and he begot sons and daughters. | |
| Gen 11:26 | וַֽיְחִי־תֶ֖רַח שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֙וֹלֶד֙ אֶת־אַבְרָ֔ם אֶת־נָח֖וֹר וְאֶת־הָרָֽן׃ | And Terah lived for seventy years and begot Abram, Nahor and Haran. | || 1 Chr 1:27. |
| Gen 11:27 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת תֶּ֔רַח תֶּ֚רַח הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אַבְרָ֔ם אֶת־נָח֖וֹר וְאֶת־הָרָ֑ן וְהָרָ֖ן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־לֽוֹט׃ | This is the lineage of Terah. Terah begot Abram, Nahor and Haran, and Haran begot Lot. | |
| Gen 11:28 | וַיָּ֣מָת הָרָ֔ן עַל־פְּנֵ֖י תֶּ֣רַח אָבִ֑יו בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מוֹלַדְתּ֖וֹ בְּא֥וּר כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | But Haran died before Terah his father in his native land, in Ur of the Chaldees. | |
| Gen 11:29 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָ֧ם וְנָח֛וֹר לָהֶ֖ם נָשִׁ֑ים שֵׁ֤ם אֵֽשֶׁת־אַבְרָם֙ שָׂרָ֔י וְשֵׁ֤ם אֵֽשֶׁת־נָחוֹר֙ מִלְכָּ֔ה בַּת־הָרָ֥ן אֲבִֽי־מִלְכָּ֖ה וַֽאֲבִ֥י יִסְכָּֽה׃ | And Abram and Nahor took wives. The name of Abram's wife was Sarai and the name of Nahor's wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran the father of Milcah and the father of Iscah. | took ← took to themselves. |
| Gen 11:30 | וַתְּהִ֥י שָׂרַ֖י עֲקָרָ֑ה אֵ֥ין לָ֖הּ וָלָֽד׃ | Now Sarai was barren – she did not have any offspring. | |
| Gen 11:31 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח תֶּ֜רַח אֶת־אַבְרָ֣ם בְּנ֗וֹ וְאֶת־ל֤וֹט בֶּן־הָרָן֙ בֶּן־בְּנ֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ שָׂרַ֣י כַּלָּת֔וֹ אֵ֖שֶׁת אַבְרָ֣ם בְּנ֑וֹ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ אִתָּ֜ם מֵא֣וּר כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ עַד־חָרָ֖ן וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot Haran's son, his grandson, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, the wife of Abram his son, and they went out together from Ur of the Chaldees to go to the land of Canaan, and they went as far as Haran and dwelt there. |
Haran ... Haran: the person is spelled with a hé; the place with a heth. There is no connection between them. The place is mentioned in Acts 7:2.
together ← with them. |
| Gen 11:32 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ יְמֵי־תֶ֔רַח חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֥מָת תֶּ֖רַח בְּחָרָֽן׃ ס | And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years. Then Terah died in Haran. | |
| Gen 12:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃ |
Then the Lord said to Abram,
“Get going out of your land And from your native country And from your father's house To the land which I will show you. |
Acts 7:3.
get going ← go for yourself. |
| Gen 12:2 | וְאֶֽעֶשְׂךָ֙ לְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔ וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה׃ |
And I will make you a great nation, And I will bless you And make your name great, And you must become a blessing. |
you must become: imperative mood of the verb. |
| Gen 12:3 | וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ |
And I will bless those who bless you, But I will curse him who reviles you. But all the families of the earth Will be blessed through you.” |
Acts 3:25, Gal 3:8.
earth ← ground. |
| Gen 12:4 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַבְרָ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ ל֑וֹט וְאַבְרָ֗ם בֶּן־חָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּצֵאת֖וֹ מֵחָרָֽן׃ | Then Abram set off as the Lord had told him, and Lot went with him. Now Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed from Haran. | |
| Gen 12:5 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אַבְרָם֩ אֶת־שָׂרַ֨י אִשְׁתּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־ל֣וֹט בֶּן־אָחִ֗יו וְאֶת־כָּל־רְכוּשָׁם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָכָ֔שׁוּ וְאֶת־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ בְחָרָ֑ן וַיֵּצְא֗וּ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And Abram took Sarai his wife and Lot his brother's son, and all their property which they had accumulated, and the livestock which they had acquired in Haran, and they set off to go to the land of Canaan, and into the land of Canaan they came. |
livestock ← soul. Perhaps standing for servants, e.g. the shepherds of Gen 13:7.
acquired ← made. the land of Canaan ... the land of Canaan: so-called otiose usage, but perhaps elegant in Hebrew. The effect is ameliorated in English by a variation of word order. |
| Gen 12:6 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אַבְרָם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ עַ֚ד מְק֣וֹם שְׁכֶ֔ם עַ֖ד אֵל֣וֹן מוֹרֶ֑ה וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י אָ֥ז בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Abram crossed through the land to the place of Shechem, to the oak of Moreh, but the Canaanite was then in the land. |
Shechem: AV= Sichem here, but elsewhere (e.g. Gen 33:18) Shechem.
oak: AV differs (plain). |
| Gen 12:7 | וַיֵּרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְזַ֨רְעֲךָ֔ אֶתֵּ֖ן אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וַיִּ֤בֶן שָׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַיהוָ֖ה הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה אֵלָֽיו׃ | Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, “I will give this land to your seed.” At this he built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 12:8 | וַיַּעְתֵּ֨ק מִשָּׁ֜ם הָהָ֗רָה מִקֶּ֛דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳלֹ֑ה בֵּֽית־אֵ֤ל מִיָּם֙ וְהָעַ֣י מִקֶּ֔דֶם וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֤ם מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | Then he moved from there to a mountain to the east of Beth-El and pitched his tent with Beth-El to the west and Ai to the east, and he built an altar there to the Lord and called on the name of the Lord. |
a mountain ← the mountain.
Ai ← the Ai. AV= Hai, but AV elsewhere (e.g. Josh 7:2) Ai. |
| Gen 12:9 | וַיִּסַּ֣ע אַבְרָ֔ם הָל֥וֹךְ וְנָס֖וֹעַ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה׃ פ | Then Abram moved on, and he kept on moving southwards. | kept on moving: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 12:10 | וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַבְרָ֤ם מִצְרַ֙יְמָה֙ לָג֣וּר שָׁ֔ם כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד הָרָעָ֖ב בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to stay there, for the famine in the land was severe. | |
| Gen 12:11 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְרִ֖יב לָב֣וֹא מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ הִנֵּה־נָ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י אִשָּׁ֥ה יְפַת־מַרְאֶ֖ה אָֽתְּ׃ | And it came to pass, as he got near entering Egypt, that he said to Sarai his wife, “Look, I ask you, I know that you are a beautiful woman in appearance, | I ask you ← please; a particle of entreaty (Hebrew na). |
| Gen 12:12 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יִרְא֤וּ אֹתָךְ֙ הַמִּצְרִ֔ים וְאָמְר֖וּ אִשְׁתּ֣וֹ זֹ֑את וְהָרְג֥וּ אֹתִ֖י וְאֹתָ֥ךְ יְחַיּֽוּ׃ | and it will be the case that when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife’, and they will kill me and keep you alive. | |
| Gen 12:13 | אִמְרִי־נָ֖א אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יִֽיטַב־לִ֣י בַעֲבוּרֵ֔ךְ וְחָיְתָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י בִּגְלָלֵֽךְ׃ | Say, would you, that you are my sister, so that it will go well with me on your account, and I myself will live because of you.” |
would you: the particle of entreaty as in Gen 12:11.
I myself ← my soul. |
| Gen 12:14 | וַיְהִ֕י כְּב֥וֹא אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַמִּצְרִים֙ אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יָפָ֥ה הִ֖וא מְאֹֽד׃ | And it came to pass, when Abram went to Egypt, that the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. | |
| Gen 12:15 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיְהַֽלְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַתֻּקַּ֥ח הָאִשָּׁ֖ה בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | And Pharaoh's princes saw her, and they commended her to Pharaoh. And the woman was taken to Pharaoh's house. | saw: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Gen 12:16 | וּלְאַבְרָ֥ם הֵיטִ֖יב בַּעֲבוּרָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ צֹאן־וּבָקָר֙ וַחֲמֹרִ֔ים וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַאֲתֹנֹ֖ת וּגְמַלִּֽים׃ | And it went well with Abram on her account, and he had sheep and cattle and donkeys and menservants and maidservants and she-asses and camels. | |
| Gen 12:17 | וַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה ׀ אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה נְגָעִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים וְאֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרַ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָֽם׃ | Then the Lord afflicted Pharaoh with great plagues, along with his household, because of the matter of Sarai, Abram's wife. | |
| Gen 12:18 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ לְאַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י לָ֚מָּה לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י כִּ֥י אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃ | So Pharaoh called Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife? | |
| Gen 12:19 | לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃ | Why did you say, ‘She is my sister?’, so that I took her for her to be my wife? So now, here is your wife. Take her and go.” |
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
here is ← behold. |
| Gen 12:20 | וַיְצַ֥ו עָלָ֛יו פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ | And Pharaoh gave his men instructions concerning him, and he sent him off with his wife and everything that was his. | |
| Gen 13:1 | וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם ה֠וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וְל֥וֹט עִמּ֖וֹ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה׃ | So Abram went up from Egypt – he and his wife and everything that was his – as did Lot with him, to the south. |
everything: including servants (Gen 13:7).
to the south: i.e. to the south of Israel. But it is possible to go predominantly ↴ |
| Gen 13:2 | וְאַבְרָ֖ם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד בַּמִּקְנֶ֕ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַזָּהָֽב׃ | Now Abram was well-endowed with cattle, with silver and with gold. |
↳ southwards from the north-east of Egypt to the south of Israel.
well-endowed ← very heavy. |
| Gen 13:3 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְמַסָּעָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב וְעַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל עַד־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֤ם *אהלה **אָֽהֳלוֹ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה בֵּ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעָֽי׃ | And he went on his journeys from the south as far as to Beth-El, to the place where his tent was at the start, between Beth-El and Ai, |
his tent: qeré; the ketiv has a hé, usually a feminine pronominal suffix, but rarely a masculine suffix.
Ai ← the Ai. See Gen 12:8. |
| Gen 13:4 | אֶל־מְקוֹם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה שָׁ֖ם בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א שָׁ֛ם אַבְרָ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | to the place of the altar which he had made at the start, and Abram called on the name of the Lord there. | |
| Gen 13:5 | וְגַם־לְל֔וֹט הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ אֶת־אַבְרָ֑ם הָיָ֥ה צֹאן־וּבָקָ֖ר וְאֹהָלִֽים׃ | And Lot also, who went with Abram, had sheep and oxen and tents, | |
| Gen 13:6 | וְלֹא־נָשָׂ֥א אֹתָ֛ם הָאָ֖רֶץ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יַחְדָּ֑ו כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה רְכוּשָׁם֙ רָ֔ב וְלֹ֥א יָֽכְל֖וּ לָשֶׁ֥בֶת יַחְדָּֽו׃ | and the land did not support them living together, for their property was considerable, and they could not live together. | support: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Gen 13:7 | וַֽיְהִי־רִ֗יב בֵּ֚ין רֹעֵ֣י מִקְנֵֽה־אַבְרָ֔ם וּבֵ֖ין רֹעֵ֣י מִקְנֵה־ל֑וֹט וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י אָ֖ז יֹשֵׁ֥ב בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And there arose a dispute between the shepherds of Abram's livestock and the shepherds of Lot's livestock, while the Canaanite and the Perizzite were already dwelling in the land. |
arose ← became.
already ← then. |
| Gen 13:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָ֜ם אֶל־ל֗וֹט אַל־נָ֨א תְהִ֤י מְרִיבָה֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔יךָ וּבֵ֥ין רֹעַ֖י וּבֵ֣ין רֹעֶ֑יךָ כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֥ים אַחִ֖ים אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | Then Abram said to Lot, “Please don't let there be a dispute between me and you, or between my shepherds and your shepherds, for we are kinsmen. | kinsmen ← men brothers. |
| Gen 13:9 | הֲלֹ֤א כָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הִפָּ֥רֶד נָ֖א מֵעָלָ֑י אִם־הַשְּׂמֹ֣אל וְאֵימִ֔נָה וְאִם־הַיָּמִ֖ין וְאַשְׂמְאִֽילָה׃ | Is not all the land before you? Separate yourself from me, would you. If you go to the left, then I will go to the right, and if you go to the right, then I will go to the left.” | |
| Gen 13:10 | וַיִּשָּׂא־ל֣וֹט אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־כָּל־כִּכַּ֣ר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן כִּ֥י כֻלָּ֖הּ מַשְׁקֶ֑ה לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ שַׁחֵ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־סְדֹם֙ וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֔ה כְּגַן־יְהוָה֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בֹּאֲכָ֖ה צֹֽעַר׃ | At this Lot lifted up his eyes and saw the whole tract of the Jordan – that all of it was a well-watered area – (before the Lord had brought Sodom and Gomorrah to ruin) like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt as one goes to Zoar. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
one goes ← you go. |
| Gen 13:11 | וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ ל֗וֹט אֵ֚ת כָּל־כִּכַּ֣ר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּסַּ֥ע ל֖וֹט מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַיִּפָּ֣רְד֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵעַ֥ל אָחִֽיו׃ | So Lot chose the whole tract of the Jordan for himself, and Lot moved eastwards, and they separated from each other. | from each other ← from his brother. |
| Gen 13:12 | אַבְרָ֖ם יָשַׁ֣ב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־כְּנָ֑עַן וְל֗וֹט יָשַׁב֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַיֶּאֱהַ֖ל עַד־סְדֹֽם׃ | Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan whereas Lot dwelt among the cities of the tract of land and lived in tents as far as Sodom. | whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 13:13 | וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י סְדֹ֔ם רָעִ֖ים וְחַטָּאִ֑ים לַיהוָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ | Now the men of Sodom were evil and sinners against the Lord to a great degree. | |
| Gen 13:14 | וַֽיהוָ֞ה אָמַ֣ר אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם אַחֲרֵי֙ הִפָּֽרֶד־ל֣וֹט מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ שָׂ֣א נָ֤א עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וּרְאֵ֔ה מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֑ם צָפֹ֥נָה וָנֶ֖גְבָּה וָקֵ֥דְמָה וָיָֽמָּה׃ | And the Lord said to Abram, after Lot had been separated from him, “Raise your eyes now and look, from the place where you are, northwards and southwards and eastwards and westwards. | from him ← from with him. |
| Gen 13:15 | כִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לְךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | For all the land which you see I will give to you, and to your seed, age-abidingly. | Acts 7:5. |
| Gen 13:16 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֖ כַּעֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אִם־יוּכַ֣ל אִ֗ישׁ לִמְנוֹת֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ גַּֽם־זַרְעֲךָ֖ יִמָּנֶֽה׃ | And I will make your seed like the dust of the earth, such that if a man can count the dust of the earth, then your seed will be able to be counted too. | |
| Gen 13:17 | ק֚וּם הִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ בָּאָ֔רֶץ לְאָרְכָּ֖הּ וּלְרָחְבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶֽנָּה׃ | Arise and walk about in the land, in its length and in its breadth, for I will give it to you.” | |
| Gen 13:18 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֣ל אַבְרָ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֛א וַיֵּ֛שֶׁב בְּאֵלֹנֵ֥י מַמְרֵ֖א אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֥ם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And Abram lived in a tent, and he arrived at, and dwelt in, the oak woods of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and he built an altar to the Lord there. | |
| Gen 14:1 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ אַמְרָפֶ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־שִׁנְעָ֔ר אַרְי֖וֹךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶלָּסָ֑ר כְּדָרְלָעֹ֙מֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֵילָ֔ם וְתִדְעָ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ גּוֹיִֽם׃ | Now it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of nations, |
Shinar: Babylonia.
nations: Kurdish tribes, according [CB] quoting an Assyrian tablet. |
| Gen 14:2 | עָשׂ֣וּ מִלְחָמָ֗ה אֶת־בֶּ֙רַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ סְדֹ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּרְשַׁ֖ע מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֑ה שִׁנְאָ֣ב ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַדְמָ֗ה וְשֶׁמְאֵ֙בֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ *צביים **צְבוֹיִ֔ים וּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע הִיא־צֹֽעַר׃ | that they made war on Bera king of Sodom, and Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar. | Zeboiim: qeré; the ketiv is either Zebiim or scriptio defectiva spelling for Zeboiim. |
| Gen 14:3 | כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ חָֽבְר֔וּ אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק הַשִּׂדִּ֑ים ה֖וּא יָ֥ם הַמֶּֽלַח׃ | All these joined forces at the Valley of Siddim, which is the Salt Sea. | Siddim ← the Siddim. Also applies to Gen 14:8, Gen 14:10. |
| Gen 14:4 | שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה עָבְד֖וּ אֶת־כְּדָרְלָעֹ֑מֶר וּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה מָרָֽדוּ׃ | For twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. | |
| Gen 14:5 | וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה בָּ֣א כְדָרְלָעֹ֗מֶר וְהַמְּלָכִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיַּכּ֤וּ אֶת־רְפָאִים֙ בְּעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת קַרְנַ֔יִם וְאֶת־הַזּוּזִ֖ים בְּהָ֑ם וְאֵת֙ הָֽאֵימִ֔ים בְּשָׁוֵ֖ה קִרְיָתָֽיִם׃ | And in the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him came and attacked the Rephaim in Ashteroth-Karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emites in Shaveh-Kiriathaim, |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25.
Ashteroth-Karnaim ← Astarte of / Venus with horns. The planet Venus shows phases like the moon, and when near inferior conjunction, the thin crescent is perhaps sufficiently large to be discerned as such by a very sharp naked eye. Emites: AV= Emims. |
| Gen 14:6 | וְאֶת־הַחֹרִ֖י בְּהַרְרָ֣ם שֵׂעִ֑יר עַ֚ד אֵ֣יל פָּארָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | and the Horites in their Mount Seir, up to El-Paran which is by the desert. | Horites ← Horite. Collective usage of the singular. This usage frequently applies, including in the next verse. |
| Gen 14:7 | וַ֠יָּשֻׁבוּ וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אֶל־עֵ֤ין מִשְׁפָּט֙ הִ֣וא קָדֵ֔שׁ וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶֽת־כָּל־שְׂדֵ֖ה הָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י וְגַם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בְּחַֽצְצֹ֥ן תָּמָֽר׃ | Then they returned and came to En-Mishpat, which is Kadesh and attacked all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites who were living in Hazezon-Tamar. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Gen 14:8 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֜ם וּמֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֗ה וּמֶ֤לֶךְ אַדְמָה֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ *צביים **צְבוֹיִ֔ם וּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע הִוא־צֹ֑עַר וַיַּֽעַרְכ֤וּ אִתָּם֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖מֶק הַשִּׂדִּֽים׃ | And the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah and the king of Zeboiim and the king of Bela, which is Zoar, came out and arrayed themselves in battle against them in the Valley of Siddim, |
Zeboiim: a similar situation to that of Gen 14:2.
against ← with. But to fight with, if without context, is ambiguous in many languages including English, Hebrew (this verse), Greek (Rev 12:17), Latin, Dutch and French, ↴ |
| Gen 14:9 | אֵ֣ת כְּדָרְלָעֹ֜מֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ עֵילָ֗ם וְתִדְעָל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גּוֹיִ֔ם וְאַמְרָפֶל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ שִׁנְעָ֔ר וְאַרְי֖וֹךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶלָּסָ֑ר אַרְבָּעָ֥ה מְלָכִ֖ים אֶת־הַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ | against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar – four kings against five. |
↳ colloquially at least, since it may be taken as to fight together with.
against ... against ← with ... with, as in Gen 14:8. |
| Gen 14:10 | וְעֵ֣מֶק הַשִׂדִּ֗ים בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת בֶּאֱרֹת֙ חֵמָ֔ר וַיָּנֻ֛סוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֥ם וַעֲמֹרָ֖ה וַיִּפְּלוּ־שָׁ֑מָּה וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים הֶ֥רָה נָּֽסוּ׃ | Now the Valley of Siddim consisted of bitumen pit after bitumen pit, and the king of Sodom and the king of Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and the rest fled to a mountain. |
bitumen pit after bitumen pit ← pits pits of bitumen.
a mountain ← the mountain, perhaps standing for a range of mountains. |
| Gen 14:11 | וַ֠יִּקְחוּ אֶת־כָּל־רְכֻ֨שׁ סְדֹ֧ם וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאֶת־כָּל־אָכְלָ֖ם וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | And they took all the property of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their food, and they went away. | |
| Gen 14:12 | וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־ל֧וֹט וְאֶת־רְכֻשׁ֛וֹ בֶּן־אֲחִ֥י אַבְרָ֖ם וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְה֥וּא יֹשֵׁ֖ב בִּסְדֹֽם׃ | And they took Lot, the son of Abram's brother who dwelt in Sodom, and his property, and they went their way. | |
| Gen 14:13 | וַיָּבֹא֙ הַפָּלִ֔יט וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאַבְרָ֣ם הָעִבְרִ֑י וְהוּא֩ שֹׁכֵ֨ן בְּאֵֽלֹנֵ֜י מַמְרֵ֣א הָאֱמֹרִ֗י אֲחִ֤י אֶשְׁכֹּל֙ וַאֲחִ֣י עָנֵ֔ר וְהֵ֖ם בַּעֲלֵ֥י בְרִית־אַבְרָֽם׃ | Now an escapee came and told Abram the Hebrew about it, while he was living in the oak woods of Mamre the Amorite, the brother of Eshcol and the brother of Aner, and they were party to a covenant with Abram. |
an escapee ← the escapee.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. covenant with ← covenant of. |
| Gen 14:14 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אַבְרָ֔ם כִּ֥י נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אָחִ֑יו וַיָּ֨רֶק אֶת־חֲנִיכָ֜יו יְלִידֵ֣י בֵית֗וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף עַד־דָּֽן׃ | And when Abram heard that his brother had been taken captive, he led out his trained men, born in the household – three hundred and eighteen of them – and he pursued them as far as Dan. | brother: standing for nephew. |
| Gen 14:15 | וַיֵּחָלֵ֨ק עֲלֵיהֶ֧ם ׀ לַ֛יְלָה ה֥וּא וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וַיַּכֵּ֑ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵם֙ עַד־חוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִשְּׂמֹ֖אל לְדַמָּֽשֶׂק׃ | And he divided himself against them at night – he and his servants – and he attacked them and pursued them to Hobah which is to the left of Damascus. | |
| Gen 14:16 | וַיָּ֕שֶׁב אֵ֖ת כָּל־הָרְכֻ֑שׁ וְגַם֩ אֶת־ל֨וֹט אָחִ֤יו וּרְכֻשׁוֹ֙ הֵשִׁ֔יב וְגַ֥ם אֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And he recovered all the property, and he also recovered Lot his brother and his property, and also the women and the people. | brother: standing for nephew, as in Gen 14:14. |
| Gen 14:17 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹם֮ לִקְרָאתוֹ֒ אַחֲרֵ֣י שׁוּב֗וֹ מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־כְּדָרלָעֹ֔מֶר וְאֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ אֶל־עֵ֣מֶק שָׁוֵ֔ה ה֖וּא עֵ֥מֶק הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the king of Sodom came out to confront him, after he had returned from attacking Chedorlaomer and the kings with him, to the Valley of Shaveh, which is the Valley of the King. | the king of Sodom: perhaps Bera's successor, or perhaps Bera did not die in the bitumen pits and escaped. See [PC]. |
| Gen 14:18 | וּמַלְכִּי־צֶ֙דֶק֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ שָׁלֵ֔ם הוֹצִ֖יא לֶ֣חֶם וָיָ֑יִן וְה֥וּא כֹהֵ֖ן לְאֵ֥ל עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. Now he is a priest to the Most High God. |
Ps 110:4, Heb 5:6, Heb 7:1, Heb 7:17, Heb 7:21.
Melchizedek ← Malchi-Zedek, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Salem ← Shalem, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Gen 14:19 | וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר בָּר֤וּךְ אַבְרָם֙ לְאֵ֣ל עֶלְי֔וֹן קֹנֵ֖ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And he blessed him and said,
“Blessed be Abram to the Most High God, Who possesses heaven and earth. |
|
| Gen 14:20 | וּבָרוּךְ֙ אֵ֣ל עֶלְי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־מִגֵּ֥ן צָרֶ֖יךָ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ מַעֲשֵׂ֖ר מִכֹּֽל׃ |
And blessed be the Most High God, Who has disarmed your adversaries by your hand.” And he gave him a tithe of everything. |
disarmed ... by your hand: as [AnLx]. AV differs somewhat (delivered ... into thy hand). |
| Gen 14:21 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֖ם אֶל־אַבְרָ֑ם תֶּן־לִ֣י הַנֶּ֔פֶשׁ וְהָרְכֻ֖שׁ קַֽח־לָֽךְ׃ | And the king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people but keep the property.” |
people ← soul.
keep ← take for yourself. |
| Gen 14:22 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְרָ֖ם אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ סְדֹ֑ם הֲרִימֹ֨תִי יָדִ֤י אֶל־יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣ל עֶלְי֔וֹן קֹנֵ֖ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But Abram said to the king of Sodom, “As I raise my hand to the Lord, the Most High God, possessor of heaven and earth, | |
| Gen 14:23 | אִם־מִחוּט֙ וְעַ֣ד שְׂרֽוֹךְ־נַ֔עַל וְאִם־אֶקַּ֖ח מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֑ךְ וְלֹ֣א תֹאמַ֔ר אֲנִ֖י הֶעֱשַׁ֥רְתִּי אֶת־אַבְרָֽם׃ | I most certainly will not take as much as a thread or a shoe-latchet, or anything that is yours, so that you cannot say, ‘I made Abram rich’, |
I most certainly will not take ← if I take, standing for if I ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
as much as a thread or a shoe-latchet ← from a thread to a shoe-latchet. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 14:24 | בִּלְעָדַ֗י רַ֚ק אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽכְל֣וּ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְחֵ֙לֶק֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלְכ֖וּ אִתִּ֑י עָנֵר֙ אֶשְׁכֹּ֣ל וּמַמְרֵ֔א הֵ֖ם יִקְח֥וּ חֶלְקָֽם׃ ס | except for just what the lads have eaten, and the contingent of the men who went with me – Aner, Eshcol and Mamre – they may take their portion.” | except for ← except for me, unless re-pointed to בִּלְעֲדֵי. [BDB] → not at all! |
| Gen 15:1 | אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם בַּֽמַּחֲזֶ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־תִּירָ֣א אַבְרָ֗ם אָנֹכִי֙ מָגֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ שְׂכָרְךָ֖ הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | After these things the word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, and he said, “Do not fear, Abram. I am your shield and very much your reward.” | came ← became. |
| Gen 15:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָ֗ם אֲדֹנָ֤י יֱהוִה֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עֲרִירִ֑י וּבֶן־מֶ֣שֶׁק בֵּיתִ֔י ה֖וּא דַּמֶּ֥שֶׂק אֱלִיעֶֽזֶר׃ | Then Abram said, “My Lord the Lord, what will you give me, for I go childless, and the superintendent of my house is Eliezer of Damascus.” |
superintendent ← son of possession.
Damascus ← Dammesek, but we retain the AV / modern name. |
| Gen 15:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָ֔ם הֵ֣ן לִ֔י לֹ֥א נָתַ֖תָּה זָ֑רַע וְהִנֵּ֥ה בֶן־בֵּיתִ֖י יוֹרֵ֥שׁ אֹתִֽי׃ | And Abram said, “Look, you have not given me any seed, and look, a member of my household staff will inherit from me.” | member ← son. |
| Gen 15:4 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א יִֽירָשְׁךָ֖ זֶ֑ה כִּי־אִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵצֵ֣א מִמֵּעֶ֔יךָ ה֖וּא יִֽירָשֶֽׁךָ׃ | Then what happened was that the word of the Lord came to him and said, “This man will not inherit from you, but it is rather he who will come out of your inward parts who will inherit from you.” | what happened was that ← behold. |
| Gen 15:5 | וַיּוֹצֵ֨א אֹת֜וֹ הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַבֶּט־נָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וּסְפֹר֙ הַכּ֣וֹכָבִ֔ים אִם־תּוּכַ֖ל לִסְפֹּ֣ר אֹתָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ כֹּ֥ה יִהְיֶ֖ה זַרְעֶֽךָ׃ | And he brought him outside and said, “Just look up to the sky and count the stars, if you can count them.” And he said to him, “So shall your seed be.” |
Rom 4:18, Heb 11:12.
This verse shows that the seed has a plural meaning “in the flesh”, as well as being the seed “as speaking of one” leading to Christ (Gal 3:16). |
| Gen 15:6 | וְהֶאֱמִ֖ן בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ לּ֖וֹ צְדָקָֽה׃ | And he believed the Lord, and he imputed it to him as righteousness. |
Rom 4:3, Rom 4:22, Gal 3:6, James 2:23.
believed: constructed with the preposition בְּ, often in, but the verb for believe is ↴ |
| Gen 15:7 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑יו אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵאתִ֙יךָ֙ מֵא֣וּר כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים לָ֧תֶת לְךָ֛ אֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | And he said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give you this land, for you to inherit it.” | ↳ never constructed with a Hebrew direct object, and the context here militates for prepositional linkage to the object, so effectively believed (the words). |
| Gen 15:8 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהוִ֔ה בַּמָּ֥ה אֵדַ֖ע כִּ֥י אִֽירָשֶֽׁנָּה׃ | At this he said, “My Lord the Lord, by what token will I know that I will inherit it?” | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 15:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו קְחָ֥ה לִי֙ עֶגְלָ֣ה מְשֻׁלֶּ֔שֶׁת וְעֵ֥ז מְשֻׁלֶּ֖שֶׁת וְאַ֣יִל מְשֻׁלָּ֑שׁ וְתֹ֖ר וְגוֹזָֽל׃ | And he said to him, “Take for me a three-year-old cow-calf and a three-year-old goat-kid, and a three-year-old ram, and a turtle-dove and a young pigeon.” | |
| Gen 15:10 | וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֣וֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֗לֶּה וַיְבַתֵּ֤ר אֹתָם֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אִישׁ־בִּתְר֖וֹ לִקְרַ֣את רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַצִפֹּ֖ר לֹ֥א בָתָֽר׃ | So he took all these together and cut them in pieces down the middle, and he put each piece opposite its counterpart, but he did not cut the birds up. |
took ... together ← took to himself.
counterpart ← neighbour. |
| Gen 15:11 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד הָעַ֖יִט עַל־הַפְּגָרִ֑ים וַיַּשֵּׁ֥ב אֹתָ֖ם אַבְרָֽם׃ | Then the birds of prey descended on the carcases, but Abram drove them away. | |
| Gen 15:12 | וַיְהִ֤י הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לָב֔וֹא וְתַרְדֵּמָ֖ה נָפְלָ֣ה עַל־אַבְרָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵימָ֛ה חֲשֵׁכָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה נֹפֶ֥לֶת עָלָֽיו׃ | Now the sun was on the point of setting, and a slumber fell on Abram, and what happened was that dread – a great darkness – fell on him. | what happened was that ← behold. |
| Gen 15:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאַבְרָ֗ם יָדֹ֨עַ תֵּדַ֜ע כִּי־גֵ֣ר ׀ יִהְיֶ֣ה זַרְעֲךָ֗ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ לֹ֣א לָהֶ֔ם וַעֲבָד֖וּם וְעִנּ֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃ | And he said to Abram, “Know with certainty that your seed will be outsiders in a land which is not theirs, and they will serve them; and they will be afflicted for four hundred years. |
Acts 7:6.
know with certainty: infinitive absolute. outsiders ← a (temporary) resident. Collective usage. they will be afflicted ← they will afflict them. Avoidance ↴ |
| Gen 15:14 | וְגַ֧ם אֶת־הַגּ֛וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲבֹ֖דוּ דָּ֣ן אָנֹ֑כִי וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֥ן יֵצְא֖וּ בִּרְכֻ֥שׁ גָּדֽוֹל׃ | But also that I will judge the people whom they serve, and after that they will go out with considerable property. |
↳ of the passive.
Acts 7:7. |
| Gen 15:15 | וְאַתָּ֛ה תָּב֥וֹא אֶל־אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם תִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּשֵׂיבָ֥ה טוֹבָֽה׃ | And you will go to your fathers in peace – you will be buried in a good old age. |
fathers: i.e. forefathers.
old age ← grey hair. |
| Gen 15:16 | וְד֥וֹר רְבִיעִ֖י יָשׁ֣וּבוּ הֵ֑נָּה כִּ֧י לֹא־שָׁלֵ֛ם עֲוֺ֥ן הָאֱמֹרִ֖י עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃ | And the fourth generation will return here, for the iniquity of the Amorite is not full so far.” | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Gen 15:17 | וַיְהִ֤י הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בָּ֔אָה וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָבַ֔ר בֵּ֖ין הַגְּזָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then as the sun set, a thick darkness came on, and then there appeared a furnace of smoke and a fiery flame which passed between these pieces. |
then there appeared ← behold.
a fiery flame ← a flame of fire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Gen 15:18 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא כָּרַ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־אַבְרָ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית לֵאמֹ֑ר לְזַרְעֲךָ֗ נָתַ֙תִּי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִנְּהַ֣ר מִצְרַ֔יִם עַד־הַנָּהָ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל נְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃ | On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram and said, “To your seed I have given this land, from the River of Egypt to the great river, the River Euphrates: | |
| Gen 15:19 | אֶת־הַקֵּינִי֙ וְאֶת־הַקְּנִזִּ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַקַּדְמֹנִֽי׃ | the Kenites and the Kenizzites and the Kadmonites | |
| Gen 15:20 | וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֥י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּ֖י וְאֶת־הָרְפָאִֽים׃ | and the Hittites and the Perizzites and the Rephaim | Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| Gen 15:21 | וְאֶת־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְאֶת־הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ ס | and the Amorites and the Canaanites and the Girgashites and the Jebusites.” | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Gen 16:1 | וְשָׂרַי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת אַבְרָ֔ם לֹ֥א יָלְדָ֖ה ל֑וֹ וְלָ֛הּ שִׁפְחָ֥ה מִצְרִ֖ית וּשְׁמָ֥הּ הָגָֽר׃ | Now Sarai, Abram's wife, had not given birth of anyone to him, and she had an Egyptian maidservant whose name was Hagar. | |
| Gen 16:2 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֜י אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם הִנֵּה־נָ֞א עֲצָרַ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ מִלֶּ֔דֶת בֹּא־נָא֙ אֶל־שִׁפְחָתִ֔י אוּלַ֥י אִבָּנֶ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נָּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע אַבְרָ֖ם לְק֥וֹל שָׂרָֽי׃ | And Sarai said to Abram, “Look now, the Lord has prevented me from giving birth. So go into my maidservant. Perhaps I will be built up from her.” And Abram heeded Sarai. |
be built up: i.e. have a family.
heeded ← heard to the voice of. |
| Gen 16:3 | וַתִּקַּ֞ח שָׂרַ֣י אֵֽשֶׁת־אַבְרָ֗ם אֶת־הָגָ֤ר הַמִּצְרִית֙ שִׁפְחָתָ֔הּ מִקֵּץ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר שָׁנִ֔ים לְשֶׁ֥בֶת אַבְרָ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַתִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛הּ לְאַבְרָ֥ם אִישָׁ֖הּ ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | So Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant, after the passing of ten years of Abram dwelling in the land of Canaan, and she gave her to Abram her husband to be his wife. | passing ← end. |
| Gen 16:4 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־הָגָ֖ר וַתַּ֑הַר וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ כִּ֣י הָרָ֔תָה וַתֵּקַ֥ל גְּבִרְתָּ֖הּ בְּעֵינֶֽיהָ׃ | And he went in to Hagar, and she conceived. And she saw that she had conceived, and her mistress was made light of in her eyes. | |
| Gen 16:5 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֣י אֶל־אַבְרָם֮ חֲמָסִ֣י עָלֶיךָ֒ אָנֹכִ֗י נָתַ֤תִּי שִׁפְחָתִי֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ כִּ֣י הָרָ֔תָה וָאֵקַ֖ל בְּעֵינֶ֑יהָ יִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽיׄךָ׃ | Then Sarai said to Abram, “My injuriousness be upon you. I gave my maidservant into your bosom, and she saw that she had conceived, and I am made light of in her eyes. May the Lord judge between me and you.” | you: with a supralinear dot. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says this should read her. |
| Gen 16:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָ֜ם אֶל־שָׂרַ֗י הִנֵּ֤ה שִׁפְחָתֵךְ֙ בְּיָדֵ֔ךְ עֲשִׂי־לָ֖הּ הַטּ֣וֹב בְּעֵינָ֑יִךְ וַתְּעַנֶּ֣הָ שָׂרַ֔י וַתִּבְרַ֖ח מִפָּנֶֽיהָ׃ | To this Abram said to Sarai, “Look, your maidservant is in your hand. Do to her what is right in your sight.” Then Sarai oppressed her, and she fled from her presence. |
to this: wider use of the vav.
sight ← eyes. |
| Gen 16:7 | וַֽיִּמְצָאָ֞הּ מַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה עַל־עֵ֥ין הַמַּ֖יִם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַל־הָעַ֖יִן בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ שֽׁוּר׃ | But the angel of the Lord found her at a source of water in the desert, at the source on the road to Shur. | road to ← road of. |
| Gen 16:8 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר הָגָ֞ר שִׁפְחַ֥ת שָׂרַ֛י אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה בָ֖את וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֑כִי וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מִפְּנֵי֙ שָׂרַ֣י גְּבִרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י בֹּרַֽחַת׃ | And he said, “Hagar, Sarai's maidservant, where have you come from and where are you going?” And she said, “I am fleeing from Sarai my mistress.” | from ← from the face of. |
| Gen 16:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה שׁ֖וּבִי אֶל־גְּבִרְתֵּ֑ךְ וְהִתְעַנִּ֖י תַּ֥חַת יָדֶֽיהָ׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to her, “Go back to your mistress and submit yourself under her hands.” | |
| Gen 16:10 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה הַרְבָּ֥ה אַרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת־זַרְעֵ֑ךְ וְלֹ֥א יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to her, “I will very much increase your seed, and they will not be able to be counted for their abundance.” |
I will very much increase: infinitive absolute.
they ← it. |
| Gen 16:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה הִנָּ֥ךְ הָרָ֖ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֑ן וְקָרָ֤את שְׁמוֹ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־עָנְיֵֽךְ׃ |
Then the angel of the Lord said to her,
“You see that you are pregnant, And you will give birth to a son, And you will call him Ishmael, Because the Lord has heard your affliction. |
you see that ← behold you.
Ishmael ← God hears. |
| Gen 16:12 | וְה֤וּא יִהְיֶה֙ פֶּ֣רֶא אָדָ֔ם יָד֣וֹ בַכֹּ֔ל וְיַ֥ד כֹּ֖ל בּ֑וֹ וְעַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־אֶחָ֖יו יִשְׁכֹּֽן׃ |
And he will be a wild ass of a man; His hand will be against everyone, And everyone's hand will be against him, And he will dwell alongside all his brothers.” |
|
| Gen 16:13 | וַתִּקְרָ֤א שֵׁם־יְהוָה֙ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַתָּ֖ה אֵ֣ל רֳאִ֑י כִּ֣י אָֽמְרָ֗ה הֲגַ֥ם הֲלֹ֛ם רָאִ֖יתִי אַחֲרֵ֥י רֹאִֽי׃ | And she called the Lord who had been speaking to her, “You are the God of a vision.” For she said, “Can I still see, right here, after my vision?” | |
| Gen 16:14 | עַל־כֵּן֙ קָרָ֣א לַבְּאֵ֔ר בְּאֵ֥ר לַחַ֖י רֹאִ֑י הִנֵּ֥ה בֵין־קָדֵ֖שׁ וּבֵ֥ין בָּֽרֶד׃ | That is why they call the well Beer-Lahai-Roi. It is located between Kadesh and Bered. |
Beer-Lahai-Roi ← (the) well of living (after) my seeing.
it is located ← behold. |
| Gen 16:15 | וַתֵּ֧לֶד הָגָ֛ר לְאַבְרָ֖ם בֵּ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְרָ֧ם שֶׁם־בְּנ֛וֹ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה הָגָ֖ר יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ | And Hagar gave birth to a son to Abram, and Abram called his son whom Hagar had borne Ishmael. | || 1 Chr 1:28. |
| Gen 16:16 | וְאַבְרָ֕ם בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים בְּלֶֽדֶת־הָגָ֥ר אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל לְאַבְרָֽם׃ ס | Now Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar gave birth to Ishmael to Abram. | |
| Gen 17:1 | וַיְהִ֣י אַבְרָ֔ם בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְתֵ֣שַׁע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיֵּרָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲנִי־אֵ֣ל שַׁדַּ֔י הִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ לְפָנַ֖י וֶהְיֵ֥ה תָמִֽים׃ | And when Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty; walk before me and be with integrity, | with integrity ← integrous, integral, whole, without defect. |
| Gen 17:2 | וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה בְרִיתִ֖י בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְאַרְבֶּ֥ה אוֹתְךָ֖ בִּמְאֹ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ | and I will perform my covenant between myself and you, and I will increase you very greatly.” | perform ← give; put; do; make (as in Gen 17:5). |
| Gen 17:3 | וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַבְרָ֖ם עַל־פָּנָ֑יו וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֛וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Abram fell face down, and God spoke with him and said, | face down ← on his face. |
| Gen 17:4 | אֲנִ֕י הִנֵּ֥ה בְרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהָיִ֕יתָ לְאַ֖ב הֲמ֥וֹן גּוֹיִֽם׃ | “As for me, behold, my covenant is with you, and you will become the father of a multitude of nations. | |
| Gen 17:5 | וְלֹא־יִקָּרֵ֥א ע֛וֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ֖ אַבְרָ֑ם וְהָיָ֤ה שִׁמְךָ֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם כִּ֛י אַב־הֲמ֥וֹן גּוֹיִ֖ם נְתַתִּֽיךָ׃ | And you will no longer be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham, for I will make you the father of a multitude of nations. |
Rom 4:17.
you ← your name. Abraham ← father of a multitude. |
| Gen 17:6 | וְהִפְרֵתִ֤י אֹֽתְךָ֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְגוֹיִ֑ם וּמְלָכִ֖ים מִמְּךָ֥ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃ | And I will make you extremely fruitful, and I will constitute you as nations, and kings will come out of you. | extremely ← to very, very. |
| Gen 17:7 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֜י בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֨ין זַרְעֲךָ֧ אַחֲרֶ֛יךָ לְדֹרֹתָ֖ם לִבְרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֑ם לִהְי֤וֹת לְךָ֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֖ אַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ | And I will set up my covenant between myself and you and your seed after you for their generations, as an age-abiding covenant, so as to be God to you, and to your seed after you. | |
| Gen 17:8 | וְנָתַתִּ֣י לְ֠ךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ֨ אַחֲרֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ מְגֻרֶ֗יךָ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן לַאֲחֻזַּ֖ת עוֹלָ֑ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And I will give you and your seed after you the land in which you are resident – the whole of the land of Canaan – as an age-abiding possession, and I will be God to them.” | in which you are resident ← of your residence. |
| Gen 17:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם וְאַתָּ֖ה אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י תִשְׁמֹ֑ר אַתָּ֛ה וְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אַֽחֲרֶ֖יךָ לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ | Then God said to Abraham, “And you shall keep my covenant, you and your seed after you, for their generations. | |
| Gen 17:10 | זֹ֣את בְּרִיתִ֞י אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְר֗וּ בֵּינִי֙ וּבֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ הִמּ֥וֹל לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־זָכָֽר׃ | This is my covenant which you shall keep between myself and you, and with your seed after you: for all males among you to be circumcised. | among you ← of yours, or for you. |
| Gen 17:11 | וּנְמַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלַתְכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ לְא֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin, and it will be a sign of a covenant between me and you. | |
| Gen 17:12 | וּבֶן־שְׁמֹנַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים יִמּ֥וֹל לָכֶ֛ם כָּל־זָכָ֖ר לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם יְלִ֣יד בָּ֔יִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מִכֹּ֣ל בֶּן־נֵכָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א מִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא׃ | And at eight days old, every male among you will be circumcised in your generations, whether born in the household or bought for money, including any foreigner who is not of your seed. |
among you ← of yours, or for you.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. including ← from, i.e. giving part of the range of people included. Compare Ex 11:5. any ← every. |
| Gen 17:13 | הִמּ֧וֹל ׀ יִמּ֛וֹל יְלִ֥יד בֵּֽיתְךָ֖ וּמִקְנַ֣ת כַּסְפֶּ֑ךָ וְהָיְתָ֧ה בְרִיתִ֛י בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖ם לִבְרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ | He who is born in your household and he who is bought for your money absolutely must be circumcised, and my covenant will be in your flesh as an age-abiding covenant. | absolutely must be circumcised: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 17:14 | וְעָרֵ֣ל ׀ זָכָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִמּוֹל֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלָת֔וֹ וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּ֑יהָ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י הֵפַֽר׃ ס | And as for any uncircumcised male, whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised – that person will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.” | person ... his ← soul (feminine) ... her (=its). |
| Gen 17:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתְּךָ֔ לֹא־תִקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ שָׂרָ֑י כִּ֥י שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמָֽהּ׃ | Then God said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you will not call her Sarai, but her name will be Sarah. | |
| Gen 17:16 | וּבֵרַכְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔הּ וְגַ֨ם נָתַ֧תִּי מִמֶּ֛נָּה לְךָ֖ בֵּ֑ן וּבֵֽרַכְתִּ֙יהָ֙ וְהָֽיְתָ֣ה לְגוֹיִ֔ם מַלְכֵ֥י עַמִּ֖ים מִמֶּ֥נָּה יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And I will bless her, and I will also give you a son by her, and I will bless her, and she will give rise to nations; kings of peoples will spring up from her.” |
will give rise to nations ← will become for.
will spring up ← will become. |
| Gen 17:17 | וַיִּפֹּ֧ל אַבְרָהָ֛ם עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּלִבּ֗וֹ הַלְּבֶ֤ן מֵאָֽה־שָׁנָה֙ יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְאִ֨ם־שָׂרָ֔ה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תֵּלֵֽד׃ | Then Abraham fell face down and laughed and said in his heart, “Will a child be born to a one-hundred-year-old, and will Sarah who is ninety years old give birth?” | face down ← on his face. |
| Gen 17:18 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים ל֥וּ יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל יִחְיֶ֥ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael would live before you!” | |
| Gen 17:19 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲבָל֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֗ יֹלֶ֤דֶת לְךָ֙ בֵּ֔ן וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יִצְחָ֑ק וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֥י אִתּ֛וֹ לִבְרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם לְזַרְע֥וֹ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And God said, “Nevertheless, Sarah your wife will bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac, and I will set up my covenant with him, as an age-abiding covenant to his seed after him. |
|| 1 Chr 1:28.
Isaac ← Yizhak (he laughs, or he will laugh), but we retain the AV name. |
| Gen 17:20 | וּֽלְיִשְׁמָעֵ֘אל שְׁמַעְתִּיךָ֒ הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ בֵּרַ֣כְתִּי אֹת֗וֹ וְהִפְרֵיתִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֥י אֹת֖וֹ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר נְשִׂיאִם֙ יוֹלִ֔יד וּנְתַתִּ֖יו לְג֥וֹי גָּדֽוֹל׃ | But as for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and I will make him fruitful, and I will make him numerous to a very great degree. He will beget twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. | |
| Gen 17:21 | וְאֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אָקִ֣ים אֶת־יִצְחָ֑ק אֲשֶׁר֩ תֵּלֵ֨ד לְךָ֤ שָׂרָה֙ לַמּוֹעֵ֣ד הַזֶּ֔ה בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הָאַחֶֽרֶת׃ | But I will set up my covenant with Isaac whom Sarah will bear to you, at this time of year in another year.” | |
| Gen 17:22 | וַיְכַ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וַיַּ֣עַל אֱלֹהִ֔ים מֵעַ֖ל אַבְרָהָֽם׃ | Then he finished speaking with him, and God went up away from Abraham. | speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 17:23 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בְּנ֗וֹ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־יְלִידֵ֤י בֵיתוֹ֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מִקְנַ֣ת כַּסְפּ֔וֹ כָּל־זָכָ֕ר בְּאַנְשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֣ית אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיָּ֜מָל אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלָתָ֗ם בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | So Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all those born in his household, and all those bought for his money – every male among the men of Abraham's household – and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin on that very day, as God had told him. | |
| Gen 17:24 | וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וָתֵ֖שַׁע שָׁנָ֑ה בְּהִמֹּל֖וֹ בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ׃ | And Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. | |
| Gen 17:25 | וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בְּנ֔וֹ בֶּן־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה בְּהִ֨מֹּל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ׃ | And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. | |
| Gen 17:26 | בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה נִמּ֖וֹל אַבְרָהָ֑ם וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | On that very day Abraham and Ishmael his son were circumcised, | |
| Gen 17:27 | וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֤י בֵיתוֹ֙ יְלִ֣יד בָּ֔יִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּ֖סֶף מֵאֵ֣ת בֶּן־נֵכָ֑ר נִמֹּ֖לוּ אִתּֽוֹ׃ פ | as were all the men of his household – born in the household or bought for money from a foreigner – they were circumcised with him. | |
| Gen 18:1 | וַיֵּרָ֤א אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵלֹנֵ֖י מַמְרֵ֑א וְה֛וּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב פֶּֽתַח־הָאֹ֖הֶל כְּחֹ֥ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Then the Lord appeared to him in the oak woods of Mamre, while he was sitting at the entrance of his tent in the heat of the day. | in the heat ← as the heat. |
| Gen 18:2 | וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים נִצָּבִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיַּ֗רְא וַיָּ֤רָץ לִקְרָאתָם֙ מִפֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And he lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was three men standing in his vicinity, and when he saw them, he ran from the entrance of the tent to meet them and bowed down to the ground. |
what he saw was ← behold.
in his vicinity ← upon him. |
| Gen 18:3 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֗י אִם־נָ֨א מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אַל־נָ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר מֵעַ֥ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And he said, “Lord*, please, if I have found grace in your eyes, please do not pass by, away from your servant. | Lord* ← my lords, but this is a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai [CB] App. 32, quoting Ginsburg's Massorah, §§107-15. Abraham addresses ↴ |
| Gen 18:4 | יֻקַּֽח־נָ֣א מְעַט־מַ֔יִם וְרַחֲצ֖וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִֽשָּׁעֲנ֖וּ תַּ֥חַת הָעֵֽץ׃ | Do let a little water be fetched and wash your feet and recline under the tree, | ↳ one person (seen from the verbal form and from the noun inflexion). But in subsequent verses Abraham addresses the three men. |
| Gen 18:5 | וְאֶקְחָ֨ה פַת־לֶ֜חֶם וְסַעֲד֤וּ לִבְּכֶם֙ אַחַ֣ר תַּעֲבֹ֔רוּ כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן עֲבַרְתֶּ֖ם עַֽל־עַבְדְּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֵּ֥ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | and let me fetch a bit of food, and you refresh your hearts, and afterwards you can pass on, for that is why you came across to your servant.” Then they said, “Do so, as you have said.” |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
your hearts ← your heart, but with the plural form of your. |
| Gen 18:6 | וַיְמַהֵ֧ר אַבְרָהָ֛ם הָאֹ֖הֱלָה אֶל־שָׂרָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מַהֲרִ֞י שְׁלֹ֤שׁ סְאִים֙ קֶ֣מַח סֹ֔לֶת ל֖וּשִׁי וַעֲשִׂ֥י עֻגֽוֹת׃ | So Abraham hurried to his tent, to Sarah, and he said, “Quickly prepare three seahs of fine flour, knead it, and make bread-cake.” |
seah: about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. So Abraham prepared a large amount of food.
make bread-cake: AV differs, adding upon the hearth. |
| Gen 18:7 | וְאֶל־הַבָּקָ֖ר רָ֣ץ אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֶּן־בָּקָ֜ר רַ֤ךְ וָטוֹב֙ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וַיְמַהֵ֖ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Meanwhile Abraham ran to the cattle and took a calf that was tender and good and gave it to the servant-lad, and he quickly cooked it. | cooked ← made. |
| Gen 18:8 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח חֶמְאָ֜ה וְחָלָ֗ב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־עֹמֵ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם תַּ֥חַת הָעֵ֖ץ וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | Then he took butter and milk and the calf which he had cooked, and he set it before them, and he stood by them under the tree, while they ate. |
butter: or buttermilk.
while: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 18:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵׄלָׄ֔יׄוׄ אַיֵּ֖ה שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּ֥ה בָאֹֽהֶל׃ | And they said to him, “Where is Sarah your wife?” And he said, “Here she is, in the tent.” |
to him: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31.
here ← behold. |
| Gen 18:10 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שׁ֣וֹב אָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ כָּעֵ֣ת חַיָּ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־בֵ֖ן לְשָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ וְשָׂרָ֥ה שֹׁמַ֛עַת פֶּ֥תַח הָאֹ֖הֶל וְה֥וּא אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | Then he said, “I will certainly return to you at this time next year, and you will see that Sarah your wife will have a son.” Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him. |
at this time next year ← at the season as the living time (i.e. when reliving the same time of year). Compare 2 Ki 4:16. AV differs (according to the time of life), more literal and also possible.
you will see that ← behold. |
| Gen 18:11 | וְאַבְרָהָ֤ם וְשָׂרָה֙ זְקֵנִ֔ים בָּאִ֖ים בַּיָּמִ֑ים חָדַל֙ לִהְי֣וֹת לְשָׂרָ֔ה אֹ֖רַח כַּנָּשִֽׁים׃ | And Abraham and Sarah were old, advanced in days, and it had ceased to be with Sarah the way it is with women. | |
| Gen 18:12 | וַתִּצְחַ֥ק שָׂרָ֖ה בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַחֲרֵ֤י בְלֹתִי֙ הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֣י עֶדְנָ֔ה וַֽאדֹנִ֖י זָקֵֽן׃ | And Sarah laughed inwardly and said, “Will I have the pleasure, having grown old, my lord being old too?” | |
| Gen 18:13 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם לָ֣מָּה זֶּה֩ צָחֲקָ֨ה שָׂרָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר הַאַ֥ף אֻמְנָ֛ם אֵלֵ֖ד וַאֲנִ֥י זָקַֽנְתִּי׃ | And the Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Will I really give birth, when I am so old?’? | |
| Gen 18:14 | הֲיִפָּלֵ֥א מֵיְהוָ֖ה דָּבָ֑ר לַמּוֹעֵ֞ד אָשׁ֥וּב אֵלֶ֛יךָ כָּעֵ֥ת חַיָּ֖ה וּלְשָׂרָ֥ה בֵֽן׃ | Is anything too stupendous for the Lord? At the appointed time I will return to you, at this time next year, and Sarah will have a son.” |
Rom 9:9.
at this time next year: see Gen 18:10. AV differs (according to the time of life), more literal and also possible. |
| Gen 18:15 | וַתְּכַחֵ֨שׁ שָׂרָ֧ה ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר לֹ֥א צָחַ֖קְתִּי כִּ֣י ׀ יָרֵ֑אָה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ׀ לֹ֖א כִּ֥י צָחָֽקְתְּ׃ | Then Sarah spoke falsely and said, “I did not laugh”, for she was afraid. But he said, “No, you did laugh.” |
spoke falsely: or denied (it).
no ← no, for; perhaps no, on the contrary, expressed by a conjunction of wide scope. |
| Gen 18:16 | וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הֹלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּ֖ם לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃ | Then the men got up from there and peered down at the landscape of Sodom, and Abraham went with them to escort them on their way. | to escort them on their way ← to send them (away). |
| Gen 18:17 | וַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אָמָ֑ר הַֽמְכַסֶּ֤ה אֲנִי֙ מֵֽאַבְרָהָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | Then the Lord said, “Do I conceal from Abraham what I do, | |
| Gen 18:18 | וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הָי֧וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֛ה לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל וְעָצ֑וּם וְנִ֨בְרְכוּ ב֔וֹ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | considering Abraham will definitely be a great and powerful nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed through him? |
considering ← and. A conjunction of reason, in a wider use of the vav.
will definitely be: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 18:19 | כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃ | For I know him, in that he will command his sons and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord, to exercise justice and judgment, in order that the Lord may bring over Abraham what he has told him.” | |
| Gen 18:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה זַעֲקַ֛ת סְדֹ֥ם וַעֲמֹרָ֖ה כִּי־רָ֑בָּה וְחַ֨טָּאתָ֔ם כִּ֥י כָבְדָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And the Lord said, “Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very serious, | |
| Gen 18:21 | אֵֽרֲדָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה הַכְּצַעֲקָתָ֛הּ הַבָּ֥אָה אֵלַ֖י עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ כָּלָ֑ה וְאִם־לֹ֖א אֵדָֽעָה׃ | I will just go down and see whether what they have done is completely in accordance with their cry which has come to me, and if it is not so, I will know.” |
what they have done is ← they have acted.
their ← its. |
| Gen 18:22 | וַיִּפְנ֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ סְדֹ֑מָה וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the men wended their way from there and went to Sodom, while {P: the Lord was still standing in the presence of Abraham} [M: Abraham was still standing in the presence of the Lord]. | An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= וַיהוָֹה עוֹדֶנֶּוּ עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם. AV differs. |
| Gen 18:23 | וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַאַ֣ף תִּסְפֶּ֔ה צַדִּ֖יק עִם־רָשָֽׁע׃ | Then Abraham approached and said, “Will you really destroy the righteous with the wicked? | |
| Gen 18:24 | אוּלַ֥י יֵ֛שׁ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר הַאַ֤ף תִּסְפֶּה֙ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א לַמָּק֔וֹם לְמַ֛עַן חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים הַצַּדִּיקִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃ | Suppose there are fifty righteous inside the city. Would you really destroy it and not bear with the place for the sake of fifty righteous inside it? | |
| Gen 18:25 | חָלִ֨לָה לְּךָ֜ מֵעֲשֹׂ֣ת ׀ כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה לְהָמִ֤ית צַדִּיק֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַּדִּ֖יק כָּרָשָׁ֑ע חָלִ֣לָה לָּ֔ךְ הֲשֹׁפֵט֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | Far be it from you to do such a thing, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that it would be the same for the righteous and the wicked – far be it from you. Would the judge of the whole earth not execute justice?” |
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
the same for ... and ← as ... as. |
| Gen 18:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א בִסְדֹ֛ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר וְנָשָׂ֥אתִי לְכָל־הַמָּק֖וֹם בַּעֲבוּרָֽם׃ | Then the Lord said, “If I find fifty righteous in Sodom, inside the city, then I will bear with the whole place for their sakes.” | |
| Gen 18:27 | וַיַּ֥עַן אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הִנֵּה־נָ֤א הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י עָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃ | Then Abraham responded and said, “Look, now that I have undertaken to speak to the Lord*, although I am but dust and ashes, |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
responded ← answered, but no question asked, the sense ↴ |
| Gen 18:28 | א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ | suppose that fifty righteous should fall short by five, would you bring the whole city to ruin for want of five?” And he said, “I will not bring it to ruin if I find forty-five righteous there.” | ↳ being reacted, responded (to the situation). Compare Ex 15:21, Matt 11:25, Matt 22:1, Rev 17:13, and other verses where we note no question asked. |
| Gen 18:29 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֜וֹד לְדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם אַרְבָּעִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֔ה בַּעֲב֖וּר הָאַרְבָּעִֽים׃ | Then he spoke yet again to him and said, “Suppose forty are found there.” And he said, “I will not do it for the sake of the forty.” | |
| Gen 18:30 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אַל־נָ֞א יִ֤חַר לַֽאדֹנָי֙ וַאֲדַבֵּ֔רָה אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֔ה אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א שָׁ֖ם שְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ | Then he said, “Oh, do not let the Lord* be angry, and let me speak. Suppose thirty are found there.” And he said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Gen 18:31 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּֽה־נָ֤א הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔י אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם עֶשְׂרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | Then he said, “Look, now that I have undertaken to speak to the Lord*, suppose twenty are found there.” And he said, “I will not bring it to ruin for the sake of the twenty.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Gen 18:32 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אַל־נָ֞א יִ֤חַר לַֽאדֹנָי֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אַךְ־הַפַּ֔עַם אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָעֲשָׂרָֽה׃ | Then he said, “Oh, do not let the Lord* be angry, and I will speak just this one time. Suppose ten are found there.” And he said, “I will not bring it to ruin for the sake of the ten.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Gen 18:33 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּלָּ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וְאַבְרָהָ֖ם שָׁ֥ב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord went away when he had finished speaking to Abraham, and Abraham went back to his place. | |
| Gen 19:1 | וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ | Then two angels came to Sodom in the evening, while Lot was sitting at Sodom's gate, and Lot saw them and got up to meet them, and he bowed his face to the ground. | two angels ← the two angels, but not necessarily with a specific reference. See unexpected definite article elsewhere in our notes and Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 19:2 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם וְלִ֙ינוּ֙ וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין׃ | And he said, “Look, if you would, my lords, turn aside, if you would, to the house of your servant and lodge here, and wash your feet and get up early and go your way.” But they said, “No, for we can lodge in the street.” | |
| Gen 19:3 | וַיִּפְצַר־בָּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ אֵלָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וּמַצּ֥וֹת אָפָ֖ה וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | But he urged them strongly, and they turned aside to him and came to his house, and he prepared a feast and baked unleavened bread for them, and they ate it. | feast: or drinks, which might be wine, but this would go with a meal. |
| Gen 19:4 | טֶרֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒ וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה׃ | But before they reclined, men from the city – men from Sodom – surrounded the house, both youths and old men: all the people from its limits. |
both youths and old men ← from a youth and to an old (man), here including everything in the range.
limits ← end. |
| Gen 19:5 | וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And they called out to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we may know them.” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
know: used euphemistically. |
| Gen 19:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | Then Lot went out to them, to the entrance, and he shut the door after him. | |
| Gen 19:7 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ׃ | And he said, “My brothers, do not, please, do any wrong. | |
| Gen 19:8 | הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃ | Look now, I have my two daughters who have not known a man. Let me bring them out to you, would you, and you do to them what is right in your eyes, but do not do anything to these men, for there is a reason why they have come to the protection of my roof.” |
there is a reason why ← on account of this.
protection of my roof ← shadow of my rafter. |
| Gen 19:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃ | But they said, “Move away”, and they said, “This one came to stay and he is determined to judge. Now we will deal worse with you than with them.” Then they pressed the man – Lot – greatly and drew near so as to break down the door. |
move away ← approach further (away).
he is determined to judge: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 19:10 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ׃ | At this the men stretched out their hand and brought Lot in to them into the house, then they shut the door, |
at this: wider use of the vav.
the men: i.e. the angels (Gen 19:1). |
| Gen 19:11 | וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח׃ | and they struck the men who were at the entrance to the house with blindness, both small and great, and they struggled to find the entrance. | both small and great ← from small and to great. |
| Gen 19:12 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֶל־ל֗וֹט עֹ֚ד מִֽי־לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה חָתָן֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ בָּעִ֑יר הוֹצֵ֖א מִן־הַמָּקֽוֹם׃ | Then the men said to Lot, “Who else is with you here? Get any son-in-law, or sons or daughters of yours and everyone whom you have in the city out of the place, | |
| Gen 19:13 | כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִתִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גָֽדְלָ֤ה צַעֲקָתָם֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥נוּ יְהוָ֖ה לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃ | for we are about to bring this place to ruin, for their cry has become great before the Lord, and the Lord has sent us to bring it to ruin.” | |
| Gen 19:14 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א ל֜וֹט וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־חֲתָנָ֣יו ׀ לֹקְחֵ֣י בְנֹתָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וַיְהִ֥י כִמְצַחֵ֖ק בְּעֵינֵ֥י חֲתָנָֽיו׃ | Then Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who had taken his daughters in marriage, and said, “Get up and get out of this place, for the Lord is about to bring the city to ruin.” But he was regarded as a joker in the eyes of his sons-in-law. | |
| Gen 19:15 | וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃ | And as dawn arose, the angels urged Lot and said, “Get up, take your wife and your two daughters who are present here so that you are not destroyed in the city's iniquity.” | are present ← are found. |
| Gen 19:16 | וַֽיִּתְמַהְמָ֓הּ ׀ וַיַּחֲזִ֨קוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּיָד֣וֹ וּבְיַד־אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וּבְיַד֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתָ֔יו בְּחֶמְלַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּצִאֻ֥הוּ וַיַּנִּחֻ֖הוּ מִח֥וּץ לָעִֽיר׃ | But he took his time, and the men took him by the hand, and his wife by the hand, and his two daughters by the hand, in the Lord's mercy to him, and they brought him out, and they set him down outside the city. | took him by the hand, and his wife by the hand, and his two daughters by the hand ← took by his hand, and by the hand of his wife, and by the hand of his two daughters. |
| Gen 19:17 | וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass as they took them outside that one said, “Escape to save your life; do not look behind you, and do not stay at any adjacent tract. Escape to the mountain so that you are not destroyed.” |
one said ... escape: a masculine singular subject speaking to a masculine singular person.
to save your life ← for your soul. any ← every. |
| Gen 19:18 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹט אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אַל־נָ֖א אֲדֹנָֽי׃ | Then Lot said to them, “May it not be so, Lord*. | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Gen 19:19 | הִנֵּה־נָ֠א מָצָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֣ חֵן֮ בְּעֵינֶיךָ֒ וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִמָּדִ֔י לְהַחֲי֖וֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט הָהָ֔רָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי הָרָעָ֖ה וָמַֽתִּי׃ | Look now, your servant has found grace in your sight, and you have been very kind in how you have dealt with me, in keeping me alive, but I cannot escape to the mountain, in case evil comes upon me and I die. |
you have been very kind ← you have increased your kindness.
in keeping me alive ← preserving my soul alive. A gerundial use of the infinitive. comes upon me ← cleaves to me. |
| Gen 19:20 | הִנֵּה־נָ֠א הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את קְרֹבָ֛ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וְהִ֣יא מִצְעָ֑ר אִמָּלְטָ֨ה נָּ֜א שָׁ֗מָּה הֲלֹ֥א מִצְעָ֛ר הִ֖וא וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ | Look, please, this city is nearby to flee to, and it is small. Do let me escape there. Is it not small, so that I will live?” |
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
I will live ← my soul will live. |
| Gen 19:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּה֙ נָשָׂ֣אתִי פָנֶ֔יךָ גַּ֖ם לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י הָפְכִּ֥י אֶת־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | And he said to him, “Very well, I also grant you this by not overthrowing the city of which you have spoken. |
very well ← behold.
I also grant you this by not overthrowing ← I have lifted your face also concerning this matter by me not overthrowing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 19:22 | מַהֵר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט שָׁ֔מָּה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת דָּבָ֔ר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרָ֥א שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר צֽוֹעַר׃ | Escape there quickly, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” This is why he called the city Zoar. | Zoar ← little. |
| Gen 19:23 | הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְל֖וֹט בָּ֥א צֹֽעֲרָה׃ | The sun had risen on the land when Lot arrived in Zoar. | |
| Gen 19:24 | וַֽיהוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גָּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Then the Lord rained sulphur and fire on Sodom and on Gomorrah, from the Lord from heaven. | |
| Gen 19:25 | וַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הֶעָרִ֔ים וְצֶ֖מַח הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And he overthrew those cities, and the whole adjacent tract, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and the vegetation of the ground. | |
| Gen 19:26 | וַתַּבֵּ֥ט אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֖י נְצִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ | But his wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt. | back ← from behind him. |
| Gen 19:27 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּבֹּ֑קֶר אֶל־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥מַד שָׁ֖ם אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Abraham rose early in the morning and went to the place where he had stood in the presence of the Lord. | |
| Gen 19:28 | וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃ | And he peered out over the landscape of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all the landscape of the adjacent tract, and he looked, and what he saw was the smoke of the land going up like the smoke of a furnace. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 19:29 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּשַׁחֵ֤ת אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־לוֹט֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַהֲפֵכָ֔ה בַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁ֥ב בָּהֵ֖ן לֽוֹט׃ | And it came to pass, after God had brought the cities of the tract of land to ruin, that God remembered Abraham, and he sent Lot from the scene of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in which Lot had lived. | scene ← midst. |
| Gen 19:30 | וַיַּעַל֩ ל֨וֹט מִצּ֜וֹעַר וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בָּהָ֗ר וּשְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּצ֑וֹעַר וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה ה֖וּא וּשְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֹתָֽיו׃ | And Lot went up from Zoar and lived in the mountain, as did his two daughters with him, for he was afraid to live in Zoar, and he lived in a cave – he and his two daughters. | a cave ← the cave. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 19:31 | וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הַבְּכִירָ֛ה אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֖ה אָבִ֣ינוּ זָקֵ֑ן וְאִ֨ישׁ אֵ֤ין בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then the firstborn daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is not a man in the land to come into us after the manner of the whole earth. | |
| Gen 19:32 | לְכָ֨ה נַשְׁקֶ֧ה אֶת־אָבִ֛ינוּ יַ֖יִן וְנִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃ | Come, let us give our father wine to drink and lie with him, and we will preserve seed from our father.” | preserve ← preserve alive. |
| Gen 19:33 | וַתַּשְׁקֶ֧יןָ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֛ן יַ֖יִן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֑וּא וַתָּבֹ֤א הַבְּכִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֔יהָ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקׄוּמָֽהּ׃ | So they gave their father wine to drink on that night, and the firstborn came and lay with her father, while he was unaware that she was lying with him or of her getting up again. | her getting up: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [BHS] also marks was unaware with a dot, but it is not in [WLC]. |
| Gen 19:34 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הַבְּכִירָה֙ אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֔ה הֵן־שָׁכַ֥בְתִּי אֶ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־אָבִ֑י נַשְׁקֶ֨נּוּ יַ֜יִן גַּם־הַלַּ֗יְלָה וּבֹ֙אִי֙ שִׁכְבִ֣י עִמּ֔וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that the firstborn daughter said to the younger, “Look, last night I lay with my father. Let us give him wine to drink tonight as well, and you come and lie with him, and we will preserve seed from our father.” | preserve ← preserve alive. |
| Gen 19:35 | וַתַּשְׁקֶ֜יןָ גַּ֣ם בַּלַּ֧יְלָה הַה֛וּא אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֖ן יָ֑יִן וַתָּ֤קָם הַצְּעִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמּ֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקֻמָֽהּ׃ | So that night too they gave their father wine to drink and the younger daughter got up and lay with him, while he was unaware that she was lying with him or of her getting up again. | [CB] App. 31 lists this verse as having supralinear dots, but [WLC] does not appear to have them. |
| Gen 19:36 | וַֽתַּהֲרֶ֛יןָ שְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֽוֹת־ל֖וֹט מֵאֲבִיהֶֽן׃ | And the two daughters of Lot conceived from their father, | |
| Gen 19:37 | וַתֵּ֤לֶד הַבְּכִירָה֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ מוֹאָ֑ב ה֥וּא אֲבִֽי־מוֹאָ֖ב עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | and the firstborn daughter gave birth to a son, and she called him Moab. He is the father of Moab to this day. | |
| Gen 19:38 | וְהַצְּעִירָ֤ה גַם־הִוא֙ יָ֣לְדָה בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־עַמִּ֑י ה֛וּא אֲבִ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ ס | And the younger daughter also gave birth to a son, and she called him Ben-Ammi. He is the father of the sons of Ammon up to this day. | |
| Gen 20:1 | וַיִּסַּ֨ע מִשָּׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אַ֣רְצָה הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בֵּין־קָדֵ֖שׁ וּבֵ֣ין שׁ֑וּר וַיָּ֖גָר בִּגְרָֽר׃ | When Abraham moved on from there to the land of the south, he dwelt between Kadesh and Shur and stayed in Gerar. | |
| Gen 20:2 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־שָׂרָֽה׃ | And Abraham said about Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” Then Abimelech king of Gerar sent servants, and he took Sarah. | |
| Gen 20:3 | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל׃ | But God came to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him, “Look, you are as good as dead on account of the woman whom you have taken, for she is married to a husband.” | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Gen 20:4 | וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ לֹ֥א קָרַ֖ב אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֕י הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג׃ | But Abimelech had not come near to her, and he said, “Lord*, will you kill a people even if it is righteous? | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Gen 20:5 | הֲלֹ֨א ה֤וּא אָֽמַר־לִי֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וְהִֽיא־גַם־הִ֥וא אָֽמְרָ֖ה אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא בְּתָם־לְבָבִ֛י וּבְנִקְיֹ֥ן כַּפַּ֖י עָשִׂ֥יתִי זֹֽאת׃ | Did he not say to me, ‘She is my sister?’ And she herself also said, ‘He is my brother.’ I did this in the integrity of my heart and in the innocence of my hands.” | |
| Gen 20:6 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | At this God said to him in a dream, “I too know that you did this in the integrity of your heart, so I – my very self – restrained you from sinning against me. That is why I did not let you touch her. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 20:7 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הָשֵׁ֤ב אֵֽשֶׁת־הָאִישׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָבִ֣יא ה֔וּא וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה וְאִם־אֵֽינְךָ֣ מֵשִׁ֗יב דַּ֚ע כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ | So now, return the man's wife to him, for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you shall live, but if you do not return her, know that you will certainly die, along with everyone who is yours.” |
you shall live ← live (imperative).
you will certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 20:8 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ | Then Abimelech got up early in the morning and called all his servants and related all these things in their audience, and the men became very fearful. | in their audience ← in their ears. |
| Gen 20:9 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְאַבְרָהָ֗ם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ מֶֽה־עָשִׂ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ וּמֶֽה־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֧אתָ עָלַ֛י וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתִּ֖י חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה מַעֲשִׂים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ עָשִׂ֖יתָ עִמָּדִֽי׃ | And Abimelech called for Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us, and in what way have I sinned against you, that you should bring a great punishment for sin on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me which ought not to be done.” |
things ← deeds.
ought not to be done ← are not done. |
| Gen 20:10 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם מָ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ כִּ֥י עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then Abimelech said to Abraham, “What did you have in view when you did this thing?” | |
| Gen 20:11 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי רַ֚ק אֵין־יִרְאַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַהֲרָג֖וּנִי עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אִשְׁתִּֽי׃ | And Abraham said, “It is because I said to myself, ‘There is surely no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’ | |
| Gen 20:12 | וְגַם־אָמְנָ֗ה אֲחֹתִ֤י בַת־אָבִי֙ הִ֔וא אַ֖ךְ לֹ֣א בַת־אִמִּ֑י וַתְּהִי־לִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And she really is my sister; she is the daughter of my father but not the daughter of my mother. And she became my wife. | |
| Gen 20:13 | וַיְהִ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר הִתְע֣וּ אֹתִ֗י אֱלֹהִים֮ מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִי֒ וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ֔הּ זֶ֣ה חַסְדֵּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשִׂ֖י עִמָּדִ֑י אֶ֤ל כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה אִמְרִי־לִ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃ | And it came to pass when God made me move out of my father's house that I said to her, ‘This is a favour for you which you will do for me: in every place to which we go, say of me, «He is my brother.» ’ ” | God made: a rare case of a plural verb with Elohim (God) as subject. See note on Gen 1:1. |
| Gen 20:14 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֗ר וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לְאַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיָּ֣שֶׁב ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | Then Abimelech took sheep and cattle and menservants and maidservants and gave them to Abraham, and he returned Sarah his wife to him. | |
| Gen 20:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה אַרְצִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ בַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ שֵֽׁב׃ | And Abimelech said, “Behold, my land is before you. Dwell where it is good in your sight.” | |
| Gen 20:16 | וּלְשָׂרָ֣ה אָמַ֗ר הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ הִנֵּ֤ה הוּא־לָךְ֙ כְּס֣וּת עֵינַ֔יִם לְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ וְאֵ֥ת כֹּ֖ל וְנֹכָֽחַת׃ | And to Sarah he said, “Look, I have given a thousand pieces of silver to your brother. Look, he is a covering of the eyes to all who are with you, and with everyone.” And so she was thoroughly reproved. | brother: a fine piece of irony to reprove Sarah, and Abraham through her. |
| Gen 20:17 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּרְפָּ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֧לֶךְ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֛וֹ וְאַמְהֹתָ֖יו וַיֵּלֵֽדוּ׃ | Then Abraham prayed to God, and God healed the breach with Abimelech and his wife and his maidservants, and they gave birth. | |
| Gen 20:18 | כִּֽי־עָצֹ֤ר עָצַר֙ יְהוָ֔ה בְּעַ֥ד כָּל־רֶ֖חֶם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָהָֽם׃ ס | For the Lord had utterly shut up every womb in the house of Abimelech because of the case of Sarah the wife of Abraham. |
utterly shut up: infinitive absolute.
in the house ← of the house. |
| Gen 21:1 | וַֽיהוָ֛ה פָּקַ֥ד אֶת־שָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמָ֑ר וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהוָ֛ה לְשָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ | Then the Lord visited Sarah as he had said, and the Lord did for Sarah as he had spoken. | |
| Gen 21:2 | וַתַּהַר֩ וַתֵּ֨לֶד שָׂרָ֧ה לְאַבְרָהָ֛ם בֵּ֖ן לִזְקֻנָ֑יו לַמּוֹעֵ֕ד אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Sarah conceived and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the time of year which God had told him. | |
| Gen 21:3 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶֽת־שֶׁם־בְּנ֧וֹ הַנּֽוֹלַד־ל֛וֹ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָה־לּ֥וֹ שָׂרָ֖ה יִצְחָֽק׃ | And Abraham called his son who was born to him, whom Sarah had borne to him, Isaac. | || 1 Chr 1:28. |
| Gen 21:4 | וַיָּ֤מָל אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנַ֖ת יָמִ֑ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Abraham circumcised Isaac his son when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. | |
| Gen 21:5 | וְאַבְרָהָ֖ם בֶּן־מְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה בְּהִוָּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֥ק בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Now Abraham was a hundred years old when Isaac his son was born to him. | |
| Gen 21:6 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר שָׂרָ֔ה צְחֹ֕ק עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים כָּל־הַשֹּׁמֵ֖עַ יִֽצְחַק־לִֽי׃ | And Sarah said, “God has made me a laughing matter. Everyone who hears will laugh about me.” | |
| Gen 21:7 | וַתֹּ֗אמֶר מִ֤י מִלֵּל֙ לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם הֵינִ֥יקָה בָנִ֖ים שָׂרָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן לִזְקֻנָֽיו׃ | And she said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah will suckle sons – for I have given birth to a son in his old age.” | |
| Gen 21:8 | וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אַבְרָהָם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה גָד֔וֹל בְּי֖וֹם הִגָּמֵ֥ל אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃ | So the child grew up and was weaned, and Abraham held a great feast on the day when Isaac was weaned. | held ← made. |
| Gen 21:9 | וַתֵּ֨רֶא שָׂרָ֜ה אֶֽת־בֶּן־הָגָ֧ר הַמִּצְרִ֛ית אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה לְאַבְרָהָ֖ם מְצַחֵֽק׃ | Then Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian woman, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking, | mocking: agreeing with Hagar's son, Ishmael. |
| Gen 21:10 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם גָּרֵ֛שׁ הָאָמָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את וְאֶת־בְּנָ֑הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִירַשׁ֙ בֶּן־הָאָמָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את עִם־בְּנִ֖י עִם־יִצְחָֽק׃ | and she said to Abraham, “Drive this maidservant and her son out, for the son of this maidservant will not have any inheritance with my son – with Isaac.” | Gal 4:30. |
| Gen 21:11 | וַיֵּ֧רַע הַדָּבָ֛ר מְאֹ֖ד בְּעֵינֵ֣י אַבְרָהָ֑ם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֥ת בְּנֽוֹ׃ | But the matter was very hurtful in Abraham's eyes, because of his son. | |
| Gen 21:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֗ם אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ עַל־הַנַּ֣עַר וְעַל־אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלָ֑הּ כִּ֣י בְיִצְחָ֔ק יִקָּרֵ֥א לְךָ֖ זָֽרַע׃ | But God said to Abraham, “Don't let it be hurtful in your eyes concerning the lad or your maidservant. As for everything that Sarah says to you, heed her, for your seed will be called in Isaac. |
Rom 9:7, Gal 3:16, Heb 11:18.
heed her ← hear her voice. called: i.e. acknowledged. |
| Gen 21:13 | וְגַ֥ם אֶת־בֶּן־הָאָמָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי אֲשִׂימֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֥י זַרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא׃ | But I will make the son of the maidservant a nation too, for he is your seed.” | |
| Gen 21:14 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ בַּבֹּ֡קֶר וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לֶחֶם֩ וְחֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־הָ֠גָר שָׂ֧ם עַל־שִׁכְמָ֛הּ וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ וַתֵּ֔תַע בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | Then Abraham got up early in the morning and took bread and a skin-bottle of water and gave them to Hagar, putting them on her shoulder, and he took and gave her the child and sent her away. And she departed and wandered in the Desert of Beersheba. | Beersheba ← Beer Sheba. It is sometimes hyphenated (with a maqqef) in Hebrew. |
| Gen 21:15 | וַיִּכְל֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם מִן־הַחֵ֑מֶת וַתַּשְׁלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד תַּ֖חַת אַחַ֥ד הַשִּׂיחִֽם׃ | Then the water from the skin-bottle ran out, and she threw the child under one of the shrubs. | |
| Gen 21:16 | וַתֵּלֶךְ֩ וַתֵּ֨שֶׁב לָ֜הּ מִנֶּ֗גֶד הַרְחֵק֙ כִּמְטַחֲוֵ֣י קֶ֔שֶׁת כִּ֣י אָֽמְרָ֔ה אַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַתֵּ֣שֶׁב מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַתִּשָּׂ֥א אֶת־קֹלָ֖הּ וַתֵּֽבְךְּ׃ | And she went and sat down by herself opposite at about a bow-shot's distance, for she said, “Let me not see the death of the child.” And she sat opposite and raised her voice and wept. | about a bow-shot's distance ← distant about (what) shooters of the bow (achieve). |
| Gen 21:17 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַנַּעַר֒ וַיִּקְרָא֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶל־הָגָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ מַה־לָּ֣ךְ הָגָ֑ר אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֧ע אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־ק֥וֹל הַנַּ֖עַר בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הוּא־שָֽׁם׃ | But God heard the voice of the lad, and the angel of God called out to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What is the matter with you, Hagar? Do not be afraid, because God has heard the voice of the lad, where he is. | |
| Gen 21:18 | ק֚וּמִי שְׂאִ֣י אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר וְהַחֲזִ֥יקִי אֶת־יָדֵ֖ךְ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל אֲשִׂימֶֽנּוּ׃ | Get up and take the lad up and take hold of him with your hand, for I will make him a great nation.” | take hold of him with your hand ← hold your hand on him. |
| Gen 21:19 | וַיִּפְקַ֤ח אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־עֵינֶ֔יהָ וַתֵּ֖רֶא בְּאֵ֣ר מָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ וַתְּמַלֵּ֤א אֶת־הַחֵ֙מֶת֙ מַ֔יִם וַתַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַנָּֽעַר׃ | Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water, and she went and filled the skin-bottle with water, and she gave the lad some to drink. | |
| Gen 21:20 | וַיְהִ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הַנַּ֖עַר וַיִּגְדָּ֑ל וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיְהִ֖י רֹבֶ֥ה קַשָּֽׁת׃ | And God was with the lad, and he grew up, and he dwelt in the desert, and he became great as an archer. | great: the Masoretic form is from root רבה, to become great, not רבב, to shoot arrows, despite the cognate meanings of archer and to ↴ |
| Gen 21:21 | וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר פָּארָ֑ן וַתִּֽקַּֽח־ל֥וֹ אִמּ֛וֹ אִשָּׁ֖ה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ פ | And he dwelt in the Desert of Paran, and his mother took a wife from the land of Egypt for him. | ↳ shoot arrows. Hebrew frequently employs a play on words. |
| Gen 21:22 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וּפִיכֹל֙ שַׂר־צְבָא֔וֹ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר אֱלֹהִ֣ים עִמְּךָ֔ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | And it came to pass at that time that Abimelech and Phichol the commander of his army spoke to Abraham and said, “God is with you in everything you do. | Phichol ← Pichol, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Phichol is the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Gen 21:23 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּׁ֨בְעָה לִּ֤י בֵֽאלֹהִים֙ הֵ֔נָּה אִם־תִּשְׁקֹ֣ר לִ֔י וּלְנִינִ֖י וּלְנֶכְדִּ֑י כַּחֶ֜סֶד אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֤יתִי עִמְּךָ֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה עִמָּדִ֔י וְעִם־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־גַּ֥רְתָּה בָּֽהּ׃ | So now, swear to me by God here that you most certainly will not act falsely towards me or my progeny or my posterity, and that according to the kindness which I have shown you, you will show me the same, and with the land in which you dwelt.” |
you most certainly will not act falsely ← if you act falsely, standing for if you ... may God do this to you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
shown ... show ← done with ... do with. |
| Gen 21:24 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אָנֹכִ֖י אִשָּׁבֵֽעַ׃ | And Abraham said, “I swear it.” | |
| Gen 21:25 | וְהוֹכִ֥חַ אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ עַל־אֹדוֹת֙ בְּאֵ֣ר הַמַּ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּזְל֖וּ עַבְדֵ֥י אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | Then Abraham reproved Abimelech on the issue of a well of water which Abimelech's servants had seized possession of. | a well of water ← the well of water (with the article on the nomen rectum). |
| Gen 21:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִ֥י עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְגַם־אַתָּ֞ה לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֗י וְגַ֧ם אָנֹכִ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בִּלְתִּ֥י הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And Abimelech said, “I don't know who did this thing, and you haven't told me either, and I didn't hear about it until today either.” | until ← except. |
| Gen 21:27 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח אַבְרָהָם֙ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לַאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם בְּרִֽית׃ | Then Abraham took sheep and cattle, and he gave them to Abimelech, and the two of them made a covenant. | made ← cut. |
| Gen 21:28 | וַיַּצֵּ֣ב אַבְרָהָ֗ם אֶת־שֶׁ֛בַע כִּבְשֹׂ֥ת הַצֹּ֖אן לְבַדְּהֶֽן׃ | And Abraham placed seven ewe-lambs of the flock on their own, | |
| Gen 21:29 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם מָ֣ה הֵ֗נָּה שֶׁ֤בַע כְּבָשֹׂת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִצַּ֖בְתָּ לְבַדָּֽנָה׃ | at which Abimelech said to Abraham, “What are they – these seven ewe-lambs which you have placed on their own?” | at which: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 21:30 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֚י אֶת־שֶׁ֣בַע כְּבָשֹׂ֔ת תִּקַּ֖ח מִיָּדִ֑י בַּעֲבוּר֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּ֥י חָפַ֖רְתִּי אֶת־הַבְּאֵ֥ר הַזֹּֽאת׃ | To which he said, “They are so that you may take the seven ewe-lambs from my hand in order for it to be a testimony to me that I dug this well.” | to which: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 21:31 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָרָ֛א לַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע כִּ֛י שָׁ֥ם נִשְׁבְּע֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | For this reason he called the place Beersheba, because the two of them swore there. | Beersheba ← (the) well of swearing. |
| Gen 21:32 | וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ בְרִ֖ית בִּבְאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיָּ֣קָם אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וּפִיכֹל֙ שַׂר־צְבָא֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And they made a covenant in Beersheba, and Abimelech and Phichol the commander of his army arose and returned to the land of the Philistines. |
made ← cut.
Phichol ← Pichol. See Gen 21:22. |
| Gen 21:33 | וַיִּטַּ֥ע אֶ֖שֶׁל בִּבְאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיִּ֨קְרָא־שָׁ֔ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֵ֥ל עוֹלָֽם׃ | And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beersheba, and he called on the name of the Lord there – the age-abiding God. | tamarisk tree: AV differs somewhat (grove). |
| Gen 21:34 | וַיָּ֧גָר אַבְרָהָ֛ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ פ | And Abraham stayed in the land of the Philistines for many days. | |
| Gen 22:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְהָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים נִסָּ֖ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | Then it came to pass after these things that God tested Abraham, and he said to him, “Abraham”, and he said, “Here I am.” | here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 22:2 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר קַח־נָ֠א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֨ אֶת־יְחִֽידְךָ֤ אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֙בְתָּ֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וְלֶךְ־לְךָ֔ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּ֑ה וְהַעֲלֵ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה עַ֚ל אַחַ֣ד הֶֽהָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And he said, “Now take your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac, and get going to the land of Moriah, and offer him up there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I will tell you.” | get going ← go for yourself. |
| Gen 22:3 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אַבְרָהָ֜ם בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ אֶת־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י נְעָרָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֑וֹ וַיְבַקַּע֙ עֲצֵ֣י עֹלָ֔ה וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמַר־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | So Abraham got up early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and he took two servant-lads with him, and Isaac his son, and he chopped pieces of wood for the burnt offering, and he got up and went to the place which God had told him. | |
| Gen 22:4 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֧ם אֶת־עֵינָ֛יו וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם מֵרָחֹֽק׃ | On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place from a distance. | |
| Gen 22:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶל־נְעָרָ֗יו שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם פֹּה֙ עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־כֹּ֑ה וְנִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה וְנָשׁ֥וּבָה אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Abraham said to his servant-lads, “You remain here with the donkey, but I and the lad will go over there and worship, and we will come back to you.” | |
| Gen 22:6 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֹלָ֗ה וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ עַל־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־הָאֵ֖שׁ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו׃ | And Abraham took pieces of wood for the burnt offering and loaded them onto Isaac his son, and he took fire and a knife in his hand. And the two of them went together. | fire and a knife ← the fire and the knife. Unexpected definite articles. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 22:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִצְחָ֜ק אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֤ם אָבִיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֔י וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֶּ֣נִּֽי בְנִ֑י וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה הָאֵשׁ֙ וְהָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאַיֵּ֥ה הַשֶּׂ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ | Then Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, “My father”, and he said, “Here I am, my son.” Then he said, “Here are the fire and the pieces of wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” |
here I am ← behold me.
here are ← behold. |
| Gen 22:8 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֱלֹהִ֞ים יִרְאֶה־לּ֥וֹ הַשֶּׂ֛ה לְעֹלָ֖ה בְּנִ֑י וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו׃ | And Abraham said, “God will provide himself with the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” And the two of them went together. | |
| Gen 22:9 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֒ וַיִּ֨בֶן שָׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הָעֵצִ֑ים וַֽיַּעֲקֹד֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ מִמַּ֖עַל לָעֵצִֽים׃ | And they came to the place which God had said to him, and Abraham built an altar there, and he arrayed the pieces of wood, and he bound Isaac his son and put him on the altar, on top of the pieces of wood. | an altar ← the altar. An unexpected definite article; compare 2 Ki 4:1, 2 Ki 8:15, 2 Ki 9:36, 2 Ki 14:14, 2 Ki 17:25, 2 Ki 23:3 and other references to this verse. |
| Gen 22:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת לִשְׁחֹ֖ט אֶת־בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. | See note on Heb 11:17. |
| Gen 22:11 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֜יו מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | Then the angel of the Lord called out to him from heaven and said, “Abraham, Abraham.” And he said, “Here I am.” | here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 22:12 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּה כִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | And he said, “Do not stretch out your hand to the lad, and do not do anything to him, for now I know that you are a fearer of God, for you did not withhold your son – your only son – from me.” | for: causal use of the vav, perhaps under the influence of the previous causal conjunction, כִּי, ki. |
| Gen 22:13 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּה־אַ֔יִל אַחַ֕ר נֶאֱחַ֥ז בַּסְּבַ֖ךְ בְּקַרְנָ֑יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ לְעֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Then Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and there was a ram behind him caught in a thicket by its horns. And Abraham went and took the ram and offered it as a burnt offering instead of his son. |
there was ← behold.
a thicket ← the thicket. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 22:14 | וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַבְרָהָ֛ם שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יְהוָ֣ה ׀ יִרְאֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר הַיּ֔וֹם בְּהַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יֵרָאֶֽה׃ | And Abraham called that place Jehovah-Jireh, as it is said today, “In the mountain of the Lord, provision will be made.” | Jehovah-Jireh ← Yhvh will provide, or the Lord will provide. We retain the established name. |
| Gen 22:15 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם שֵׁנִ֖ית מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Then the angel of the Lord called out from heaven to Abraham a second time, | |
| Gen 22:16 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ | and he said, “By myself I have sworn, says the Lord, because you have done this thing and did not withhold your son – your only son – | |
| Gen 22:17 | כִּֽי־בָרֵ֣ךְ אֲבָרֶכְךָ֗ וְהַרְבָּ֨ה אַרְבֶּ֤ה אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ם וְיִרַ֣שׁ זַרְעֲךָ֔ אֵ֖ת שַׁ֥עַר אֹיְבָֽיו׃ | that I will greatly bless you and greatly increase your seed, like the stars of the sky and like the sand which is on the sea-shore, and your seed will inherit the gate of its enemies. |
Heb 6:14, Heb 11:12.
greatly bless ... greatly increase: both infinitive absolute. inherit ... its enemies: singular verb and possessive pronoun (seed treated as grammatically singular). |
| Gen 22:18 | וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ בְזַרְעֲךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּקֹלִֽי׃ | And all the nations of the earth will be blessed through your seed, because you have obeyed me.” |
Acts 3:25, Gal 3:8.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Gen 22:19 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶל־נְעָרָ֔יו וַיָּקֻ֛מוּ וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ יַחְדָּ֖ו אֶל־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ פ | Then Abraham returned to his servant-lads, and they got up, and they went together to Beersheba. And Abraham remained in Beersheba. | remained: or dwelt. |
| Gen 22:20 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְאַבְרָהָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הִ֠נֵּה יָלְדָ֨ה מִלְכָּ֥ה גַם־הִ֛וא בָּנִ֖ים לְנָח֥וֹר אָחִֽיךָ׃ | And it came to pass after these things that it was reported to Abraham as follows: “Behold, Milcah also has borne sons to Nahor your brother: | as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| Gen 22:21 | אֶת־ע֥וּץ בְּכֹר֖וֹ וְאֶת־בּ֣וּז אָחִ֑יו וְאֶת־קְמוּאֵ֖ל אֲבִ֥י אֲרָֽם׃ | Uz his firstborn, and Buz his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram, | Uz: AV= Huz, an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé. |
| Gen 22:22 | וְאֶת־כֶּ֣שֶׂד וְאֶת־חֲז֔וֹ וְאֶת־פִּלְדָּ֖שׁ וְאֶת־יִדְלָ֑ף וְאֵ֖ת בְּתוּאֵֽל׃ | and Chesed and Hazo and Pildash and Jidlaph and Bethuel.” | |
| Gen 22:23 | וּבְתוּאֵ֖ל יָלַ֣ד אֶת־רִבְקָ֑ה שְׁמֹנָ֥ה אֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָלְדָ֣ה מִלְכָּ֔ה לְנָח֖וֹר אֲחִ֥י אַבְרָהָֽם׃ | Now Bethuel begot Rebekah. Milcah bore these eight to Nahor the brother of Abraham, | Rebekah ← Ribkah, but we retain the traditional spelling. |
| Gen 22:24 | וּפִֽילַגְשׁ֖וֹ וּשְׁמָ֣הּ רְאוּמָ֑ה וַתֵּ֤לֶד גַּם־הִוא֙ אֶת־טֶ֣בַח וְאֶת־גַּ֔חַם וְאֶת־תַּ֖חַשׁ וְאֶֽת־מַעֲכָֽה׃ ס | and his concubine, whose name was Reumah, also gave birth, to Tebah and Gaham and Tahash and Maachah. |
Tahash: AV= Thahash, the lenited form (th for t).
Maachah: AV= Maachah generally, but Maacah in 2 Sam 3:3, 2 Sam 10:6, 2 Sam 10:8. |
| Gen 23:1 | וַיִּהְיוּ֙ חַיֵּ֣י שָׂרָ֔ה מֵאָ֥ה שָׁנָ֛ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֖י חַיֵּ֥י שָׂרָֽה׃ | Now Sarah's life was for one hundred and twenty-seven years; these were the years of the life of Sarah. | |
| Gen 23:2 | וַתָּ֣מָת שָׂרָ֗ה בְּקִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥וא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיָּבֹא֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם לִסְפֹּ֥ד לְשָׂרָ֖ה וְלִבְכֹּתָֽהּ׃ | And Sarah died in Kiriath-Arba, which is Hebron, in the land of Canaan, and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her. | Kiriath-Arba: AV= Kirjath-arba, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Gen 23:3 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י מֵת֑וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־בְּנֵי־חֵ֖ת לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Abraham arose from looking at the sight of his deceased, and he spoke to the sons of Heth and said, | sight ← face, but also what is seen (surface, scene etc.). |
| Gen 23:4 | גֵּר־וְתוֹשָׁ֥ב אָנֹכִ֖י עִמָּכֶ֑ם תְּנ֨וּ לִ֤י אֲחֻזַּת־קֶ֙בֶר֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְאֶקְבְּרָ֥ה מֵתִ֖י מִלְּפָנָֽי׃ | “I am an outsider and a temporary resident with you. Give me a burial plot amid you so that I may bury my dead out of my sight.” |
Heb 11:13.
plot ← possession. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 23:5 | וַיַּעֲנ֧וּ בְנֵי־חֵ֛ת אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֥ר לֽוֹ׃ | At this the sons of Heth answered Abraham and said to him, | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 23:6 | שְׁמָעֵ֣נוּ ׀ אֲדֹנִ֗י נְשִׂ֨יא אֱלֹהִ֤ים אַתָּה֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֔נוּ בְּמִבְחַ֣ר קְבָרֵ֔ינוּ קְבֹ֖ר אֶת־מֵתֶ֑ךָ אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ אֶת־קִבְר֛וֹ לֹֽא־יִכְלֶ֥ה מִמְּךָ֖ מִקְּבֹ֥ר מֵתֶֽךָ׃ | “Hear us, my lord. You are a mighty prince in our midst. Bury your dead in a choice burial place of ours. No-one among us will withhold his burial place from you, stopping you from burying your dead.” |
a mighty prince ← a prince of God, but this is an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. Compare Gen 30:8, Ex 9:28, 1 Sam 14:15, Job 1:16, Song 8:6, Jonah 3:3. In the NT similarly at Acts 7:20, 2 Cor 10:4, 2 Cor 11:2.
a choice burial place of ours ← the choice of our burial places. |
| Gen 23:7 | וַיָּ֧קָם אַבְרָהָ֛ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ לְעַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ לִבְנֵי־חֵֽת׃ | Then Abraham arose and bowed to the people of the land – to the sons of Heth. | |
| Gen 23:8 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־יֵ֣שׁ אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם לִקְבֹּ֤ר אֶת־מֵתִי֙ מִלְּפָנַ֔י שְׁמָע֕וּנִי וּפִגְעוּ־לִ֖י בְּעֶפְר֥וֹן בֶּן־צֹֽחַר׃ | And he spoke to them and said, “If you have the willingness to let me bury my dead out of my sight, hear me and make request on my behalf with Ephron the son of Zohar, | willingness ← soul. |
| Gen 23:9 | וְיִתֶּן־לִ֗י אֶת־מְעָרַ֤ת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּקְצֵ֣ה שָׂדֵ֑הוּ בְּכֶ֨סֶף מָלֵ֜א יִתְּנֶ֥נָּה לִ֛י בְּתוֹכְכֶ֖ם לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָֽבֶר׃ | for him to give me the cave of Machpelah which he has, which is at the end of his field, for him to give it to me against full payment – a burial place as a possession in your midst.” | Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 23:10 | וְעֶפְר֥וֹן יֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּת֣וֹךְ בְּנֵי־חֵ֑ת וַיַּעַן֩ עֶפְר֨וֹן הַחִתִּ֤י אֶת־אַבְרָהָם֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י בְנֵי־חֵ֔ת לְכֹ֛ל בָּאֵ֥י שַֽׁעַר־עִיר֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now Ephron was dwelling among the sons of Heth, and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the sons of Heth – of all those who had come to the gate of his city – and he said, | |
| Gen 23:11 | לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣י שְׁמָעֵ֔נִי הַשָּׂדֶה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וְהַמְּעָרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ לְךָ֣ נְתַתִּ֑יהָ לְעֵינֵ֧י בְנֵי־עַמִּ֛י נְתַתִּ֥יהָ לָּ֖ךְ קְבֹ֥ר מֵתֶֽךָ׃ | “No, my lord; hear me. I will give you the field and the cave which is in it. I will give it to you. In the sight of the sons of my people I hereby give it to you to bury your dead.” |
sight ← eyes.
to bury: or, as the imperative, bury. |
| Gen 23:12 | וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Abraham bowed before the people of the land. | |
| Gen 23:13 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֶל־עֶפְר֜וֹן בְּאָזְנֵ֤י עַם־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַ֛ךְ אִם־אַתָּ֥ה ל֖וּ שְׁמָעֵ֑נִי נָתַ֜תִּי כֶּ֤סֶף הַשָּׂדֶה֙ קַ֣ח מִמֶּ֔נִּי וְאֶקְבְּרָ֥ה אֶת־מֵתִ֖י שָֽׁמָּה׃ | Then he spoke to Ephron in the audience of the people of the land and said, “If only you would hear me, I will give money for the field. Take it from me and let me bury my dead there.” | money for ← money of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Gen 23:14 | וַיַּ֧עַן עֶפְר֛וֹן אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֥ר לֽוֹ׃ | Whereupon Ephron answered Abraham and said to him, | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 23:15 | אֲדֹנִ֣י שְׁמָעֵ֔נִי אֶרֶץ֩ אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵאֹ֧ת שֶֽׁקֶל־כֶּ֛סֶף בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵֽינְךָ֖ מַה־הִ֑וא וְאֶת־מֵתְךָ֖ קְבֹֽר׃ | “My lord, hear me. The land is worth four hundred shekels of silver. What is that between me and you? So bury your dead.” | shekels: a shekel was about 10 drams or 16 grams; it could apply to other metals and products. |
| Gen 23:16 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אַבְרָהָם֮ אֶל־עֶפְרוֹן֒ וַיִּשְׁקֹ֤ל אַבְרָהָם֙ לְעֶפְרֹ֔ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֕סֶף אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר בְּאָזְנֵ֣י בְנֵי־חֵ֑ת אַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שֶׁ֣קֶל כֶּ֔סֶף עֹבֵ֖ר לַסֹּחֵֽר׃ | Then Abraham complied with Ephron, and Abraham weighed out to Ephron the money which he had specified, in the audience of the sons of Heth: four hundred shekels of silver, current to the merchant. |
complied with ← hearkened to.
money: or silver. specified ← spoken. |
| Gen 23:17 | וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ שְׂדֵ֣ה עֶפְר֗וֹן אֲשֶׁר֙ בַּמַּכְפֵּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י מַמְרֵ֑א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְהַמְּעָרָ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בּ֔וֹ וְכָל־הָעֵץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכָל־גְּבֻל֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | So Ephron's field, which is at Machpelah, which is before Mamre – the field and the cave which was in it, and all the trees which were in the field, which were within all its boundary around it – was confirmed | Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 23:18 | לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְמִקְנָ֖ה לְעֵינֵ֣י בְנֵי־חֵ֑ת בְּכֹ֖ל בָּאֵ֥י שַֽׁעַר־עִירֽוֹ׃ | as Abraham's, as his purchase, in the eyes of the sons of Heth, with all those who had come to the gate of his city. | |
| Gen 23:19 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן֩ קָבַ֨ר אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ אֶל־מְעָרַ֞ת שְׂדֵ֧ה הַמַּכְפֵּלָ֛ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מַמְרֵ֖א הִ֣וא חֶבְר֑וֹן בְּאֶ֖רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And after that, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah, before Mamre, which is Hebron, in the land of Canaan. | Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 23:20 | וַיָּ֨קָם הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה וְהַמְּעָרָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בּ֛וֹ לְאַבְרָהָ֖ם לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָ֑בֶר מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵי־חֵֽת׃ ס | And the field was confirmed, including the cave which is in it, as Abraham's, as a burial place, as an acquisition from the sons of Heth. | as a burial place, as an acquisition ← as an acquisition of a burial place. |
| Gen 24:1 | וְאַבְרָהָ֣ם זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַֽיהוָ֛ה בֵּרַ֥ךְ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּכֹּֽל׃ | Now Abraham was old – he was advanced in days – and the Lord blessed Abraham in everything. | |
| Gen 24:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם אֶל־עַבְדּוֹ֙ זְקַ֣ן בֵּית֔וֹ הַמֹּשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת יְרֵכִֽי׃ | And Abraham said to his senior household servant who was in charge of everything that he had, “Please put your hand under my thigh, | |
| Gen 24:3 | וְאַשְׁבִּ֣יעֲךָ֔ בַּֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | and I will adjure you by the Lord God of heaven and God of the earth, not to get a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites in whose midst I dwell, | not to get ← that you shall not get. |
| Gen 24:4 | כִּ֧י אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִ֥י לְיִצְחָֽק׃ | but rather that you will go to my land and my native place to get a wife for my son, for Isaac.” | to get ← and you will get. |
| Gen 24:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ הָעֶ֔בֶד אוּלַי֙ לֹא־תֹאבֶ֣ה הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה לָלֶ֥כֶת אַחֲרַ֖י אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את הֶֽהָשֵׁ֤ב אָשִׁיב֙ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֔ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥אתָ מִשָּֽׁם׃ | And the servant said to him, “What if the woman will not be willing to follow me to this land? Should I under any circumstances bring your son back to the land which you departed from?” |
What if ← perhaps, or it could be that. Interrogative in Gen 24:39.
Should I under any circumstances bring ... back: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 24:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו אַבְרָהָ֑ם הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּן־תָּשִׁ֥יב אֶת־בְּנִ֖י שָֽׁמָּה׃ | Then Abraham said to him, “Be careful not to bring my son back there. | |
| Gen 24:7 | יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לְקָחַ֜נִי מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִי֮ וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ מֽוֹלַדְתִּי֒ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּר־לִ֜י וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽשְׁבַּֽע־לִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְזַ֨רְעֲךָ֔ אֶתֵּ֖ן אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את ה֗וּא יִשְׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכוֹ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֛ה לִבְנִ֖י מִשָּֽׁם׃ | The Lord God of heaven who took me from my father's house and from my native land, and who spoke to me and who swore to me, and who said, ‘To your seed I will give this land’ – he will send his angel before you, and you will get a wife for my son from there. | |
| Gen 24:8 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א תֹאבֶ֤ה הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְנִקִּ֕יתָ מִשְּׁבֻעָתִ֖י זֹ֑את רַ֣ק אֶת־בְּנִ֔י לֹ֥א תָשֵׁ֖ב שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And if the woman is not willing to follow you, you will be absolved from this oath of mine, only you shall not bring my son back there.” | absolved ← innocent. |
| Gen 24:9 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם הָעֶ֙בֶד֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ תַּ֛חַת יֶ֥רֶךְ אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֑יו וַיִּשָּׁ֣בַֽע ל֔וֹ עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | So the servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master and swore to him on this matter. | |
| Gen 24:10 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח הָ֠עֶבֶד עֲשָׂרָ֨ה גְמַלִּ֜ים מִגְּמַלֵּ֤י אֲדֹנָיו֙ וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־ט֥וּב אֲדֹנָ֖יו בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיָּ֗קָם וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־אֲרַ֥ם נַֽהֲרַ֖יִם אֶל־עִ֥יר נָחֽוֹר׃ | Then the servant took ten camels from his master's camels and departed, with all his master's wealth in his hand, and he arose and went to Mesopotamia, to Nahor's city. | |
| Gen 24:11 | וַיַּבְרֵ֧ךְ הַגְּמַלִּ֛ים מִח֥וּץ לָעִ֖יר אֶל־בְּאֵ֣ר הַמָּ֑יִם לְעֵ֣ת עֶ֔רֶב לְעֵ֖ת צֵ֥את הַשֹּׁאֲבֹֽת׃ | And he made the camels kneel outside the city at the water well at evening time, at the time when the women who draw water come out. | |
| Gen 24:12 | וַיֹּאמַ֓ר ׀ יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם הַקְרֵה־נָ֥א לְפָנַ֖י הַיּ֑וֹם וַעֲשֵׂה־חֶ֕סֶד עִ֖ם אֲדֹנִ֥י אַבְרָהָֽם׃ | And he said, “Lord God of my master Abraham, please bring it about before me today, that you act kindly with my master Abraham. | act kindly ← do a kindness. |
| Gen 24:13 | הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב עַל־עֵ֣ין הַמָּ֑יִם וּבְנוֹת֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעִ֔יר יֹצְאֹ֖ת לִשְׁאֹ֥ב מָֽיִם׃ | Look, I am standing at a source of water, and the daughters of the men of the city are coming out to draw water. | |
| Gen 24:14 | וְהָיָ֣ה הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֹמַ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הַטִּי־נָ֤א כַדֵּךְ֙ וְאֶשְׁתֶּ֔ה וְאָמְרָ֣ה שְׁתֵ֔ה וְגַם־גְּמַלֶּ֖יךָ אַשְׁקֶ֑ה אֹתָ֤הּ הֹכַ֙חְתָּ֙ לְעַבְדְּךָ֣ לְיִצְחָ֔ק וּבָ֣הּ אֵדַ֔ע כִּי־עָשִׂ֥יתָ חֶ֖סֶד עִם־אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | So let it come to pass that the girl to whom I say, ‘Please tilt your pitcher so that I may drink’, and she says, ‘Drink, and I will give your camels water to drink too’, that you will have appointed her for your servant, for Isaac, and that by that I will know that you have acted kindly towards my master.” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
acted kindly ← done kindness. |
| Gen 24:15 | וַֽיְהִי־ה֗וּא טֶרֶם֮ כִּלָּ֣ה לְדַבֵּר֒ וְהִנֵּ֧ה רִבְקָ֣ה יֹצֵ֗את אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֻלְּדָה֙ לִבְתוּאֵ֣ל בֶּן־מִלְכָּ֔ה אֵ֥שֶׁת נָח֖וֹר אֲחִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֑ם וְכַדָּ֖הּ עַל־שִׁכְמָֽהּ׃ | And this came to pass before he had finished speaking, and what happened was that out came Rebekah, who was born to Bethuel the son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, the brother of Abraham, with her pitcher on her shoulder. | what happened was that ← behold. |
| Gen 24:16 | וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ טֹבַ֤ת מַרְאֶה֙ מְאֹ֔ד בְּתוּלָ֕ה וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יְדָעָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד הָעַ֔יְנָה וַתְּמַלֵּ֥א כַדָּ֖הּ וַתָּֽעַל׃ | And the girl was very good-looking, a virgin, for no man had known her, and she came down to the source and filled her pitcher and came up. | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Gen 24:17 | וַיָּ֥רָץ הָעֶ֖בֶד לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַגְמִיאִ֥ינִי נָ֛א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם מִכַּדֵּֽךְ׃ | Then the servant ran to meet her and said, “Please give me a little water from your pitcher to drink.” | |
| Gen 24:18 | וַתֹּ֖אמֶר שְׁתֵ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֑י וַתְּמַהֵ֗ר וַתֹּ֧רֶד כַּדָּ֛הּ עַל־יָדָ֖הּ וַתַּשְׁקֵֽהוּ׃ | And she said, “Drink, my lord.” And she acted quickly and lowered her pitcher onto her hand and gave him water to drink. | |
| Gen 24:19 | וַתְּכַ֖ל לְהַשְׁקֹת֑וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר גַּ֤ם לִגְמַלֶּ֙יךָ֙ אֶשְׁאָ֔ב עַ֥ד אִם־כִּלּ֖וּ לִשְׁתֹּֽת׃ | Then when she had finished giving him water to drink, she said, “I will draw water for your camels too, until they finish drinking.” | |
| Gen 24:20 | וַתְּמַהֵ֗ר וַתְּעַ֤ר כַּדָּהּ֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁ֔קֶת וַתָּ֥רָץ ע֛וֹד אֶֽל־הַבְּאֵ֖ר לִשְׁאֹ֑ב וַתִּשְׁאַ֖ב לְכָל־גְּמַלָּֽיו׃ | And she acted quickly and emptied her pitcher into the trough and ran to the well again to draw water, and she drew it for all his camels. | |
| Gen 24:21 | וְהָאִ֥ישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵ֖ה לָ֑הּ מַחֲרִ֕ישׁ לָדַ֗עַת הַֽהִצְלִ֧יחַ יְהוָ֛ה דַּרְכּ֖וֹ אִם־לֹֽא׃ | And the man was astonished at her and was dumbfounded in knowing whether the Lord had made his journey successful or not. | in knowing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 24:22 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלּ֤וּ הַגְּמַלִּים֙ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וַיִּקַּ֤ח הָאִישׁ֙ נֶ֣זֶם זָהָ֔ב בֶּ֖קַע מִשְׁקָל֑וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֤י צְמִידִים֙ עַל־יָדֶ֔יהָ עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מִשְׁקָלָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when the camels had finished drinking, that the man took a golden earring of half a shekel in weight, and two bracelets of gold of ten shekels in weight for her hands. | earring: perhaps, nosering. See Gen 24:47. |
| Gen 24:23 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בַּת־מִ֣י אַ֔תְּ הַגִּ֥ידִי נָ֖א לִ֑י הֲיֵ֧שׁ בֵּית־אָבִ֛יךְ מָק֥וֹם לָ֖נוּ לָלִֽין׃ | And he said, “Whose daughter are you? Do tell me, is there room in your father's house for us to lodge there?” | |
| Gen 24:24 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו בַּת־בְּתוּאֵ֖ל אָנֹ֑כִי בֶּן־מִלְכָּ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלְדָ֖ה לְנָחֽוֹר׃ | And she said to him, “I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah whom she bore to Nahor.” | |
| Gen 24:25 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו גַּם־תֶּ֥בֶן גַּם־מִסְפּ֖וֹא רַ֣ב עִמָּ֑נוּ גַּם־מָק֖וֹם לָלֽוּן׃ | And she said to him, “We also have plenty of straw and fodder and also room to lodge.” | |
| Gen 24:26 | וַיִּקֹּ֣ד הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | Then the man bowed his head and worshipped the Lord. | |
| Gen 24:27 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־עָזַ֥ב חַסְדּ֛וֹ וַאֲמִתּ֖וֹ מֵעִ֣ם אֲדֹנִ֑י אָנֹכִ֗י בַּדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ נָחַ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֖ית אֲחֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And he said, “Blessed be the Lord God of my master Abraham, who has not abandoned his kindness and truth towards my master. As for me, the Lord has led me along the way to the house of my master's brothers.” | towards ← from with. |
| Gen 24:28 | וַתָּ֙רָץ֙ הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַתַּגֵּ֖ד לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then the girl ran and told her mother's household these things. | these things ← as these things, the ke perhaps denoting precision. Compare [AnLx] כְּ II (c), noting intensity. |
| Gen 24:29 | וּלְרִבְקָ֥ה אָ֖ח וּשְׁמ֣וֹ לָבָ֑ן וַיָּ֨רָץ לָבָ֧ן אֶל־הָאִ֛ישׁ הַח֖וּצָה אֶל־הָעָֽיִן׃ | Now Rebekah had a brother whose name was Laban, and Laban ran to the man outside, to the water-source. | |
| Gen 24:30 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־הַנֶּ֗זֶם וְֽאֶת־הַצְּמִדִים֮ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אֲחֹתוֹ֒ וּכְשָׁמְע֗וֹ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֞י רִבְקָ֤ה אֲחֹתוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּֽה־דִבֶּ֥ר אֵלַ֖י הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ וְהִנֵּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים עַל־הָעָֽיִן׃ | And it came to pass, when he saw the ring and the bracelets on his sister's hands, and when he heard the account of Rebekah his sister, who said, “The man spoke to me like this”, that he went to the man, and there he was, standing with the camels at the water-source. |
account ← words.
there he was ← behold. |
| Gen 24:31 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בּ֖וֹא בְּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֑ה לָ֤מָּה תַעֲמֹד֙ בַּח֔וּץ וְאָנֹכִי֙ פִּנִּ֣יתִי הַבַּ֔יִת וּמָק֖וֹם לַגְּמַלִּֽים׃ | And he said, “Come, you who are blessed of the Lord. Why should you stand outside, when I have prepared the house, and there is a place for the camels.” | |
| Gen 24:32 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הָאִישׁ֙ הַבַּ֔יְתָה וַיְפַתַּ֖ח הַגְּמַלִּ֑ים וַיִּתֵּ֨ן תֶּ֤בֶן וּמִסְפּוֹא֙ לַגְּמַלִּ֔ים וּמַ֙יִם֙ לִרְחֹ֣ץ רַגְלָ֔יו וְרַגְלֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | Then the man came to the house and untied the camels, and he gave straw and fodder to the camels, and water to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him. | |
| Gen 24:33 | *ויישם **וַיּוּשַׂ֤ם לְפָנָיו֙ לֶאֱכֹ֔ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֹכַ֔ל עַ֥ד אִם־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י וַיֹּ֖אמֶר דַּבֵּֽר׃ | And {K: he set a meal before him} [Q: a meal was set before him] to eat, and he said, “I will not eat until I have explained my mission.” And he said, “Explain it.” |
AV differs, following the qeré.
explained my mission ← spoken my things, words. |
| Gen 24:34 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר עֶ֥בֶד אַבְרָהָ֖ם אָנֹֽכִי׃ | And he said, “I am Abraham's servant. | |
| Gen 24:35 | וַיהוָ֞ה בֵּרַ֧ךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֛י מְאֹ֖ד וַיִּגְדָּ֑ל וַיִּתֶּן־ל֞וֹ צֹ֤אן וּבָקָר֙ וְכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וַעֲבָדִם֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וּגְמַלִּ֖ים וַחֲמֹרִֽים׃ | And the Lord has blessed my master very much, and he has become great, and he has given him sheep and cattle and silver and gold and menservants and maidservants and camels and donkeys. | |
| Gen 24:36 | וַתֵּ֡לֶד שָׂרָה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת אֲדֹנִ֥י בֵן֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י אַחֲרֵ֖י זִקְנָתָ֑הּ וַיִּתֶּן־לּ֖וֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ | And Sarah my master's wife has given birth to a son to my master, after her old age, and he has given him everything he has. | |
| Gen 24:37 | וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵ֥נִי אֲדֹנִ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | And my master has made me swear, and he said, ‘You shall not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell. | |
| Gen 24:38 | אִם־לֹ֧א אֶל־בֵּית־אָבִ֛י תֵּלֵ֖ךְ וְאֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתִּ֑י וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִֽי׃ | You absolutely must go to the house of my father and to my family to get a wife for my son.’ |
you absolutely must go ← if you do not go, standing for if you do not ... may God do this to you. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
to get ← and you will take. |
| Gen 24:39 | וָאֹמַ֖ר אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֑י אֻלַ֛י לֹא־תֵלֵ֥ךְ הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אַחֲרָֽי׃ | Then I said to my master, ‘What if the woman will not follow me?’ | what if: see Gen 24:5. |
| Gen 24:40 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י יְהוָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לְפָנָ֗יו יִשְׁלַ֨ח מַלְאָכ֤וֹ אִתָּךְ֙ וְהִצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתִּ֖י וּמִבֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | And he said to me, ‘The Lord before whom I walk will send his angel with you and will make your journey successful, and you will get a wife for my son from my family and the household of my father. | journey ← way. |
| Gen 24:41 | אָ֤ז תִּנָּקֶה֙ מֵאָ֣לָתִ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתִּ֑י וְאִם־לֹ֤א יִתְּנוּ֙ לָ֔ךְ וְהָיִ֥יתָ נָקִ֖י מֵאָלָתִֽי׃ | Then you will be absolved from my oath – when you go to my family. For if they do not give you a wife, you will be absolved from my oath.’ | |
| Gen 24:42 | וָאָבֹ֥א הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־הָעָ֑יִן וָאֹמַ֗ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם אִם־יֶשְׁךָ־נָּא֙ מַצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכִּ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י הֹלֵ֥ךְ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | When I came to the source today, I said, ‘Lord God of my master Abraham, if you would make my journey which I am going on successful, | journey ← way. |
| Gen 24:43 | הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב עַל־עֵ֣ין הַמָּ֑יִם וְהָיָ֤ה הָֽעַלְמָה֙ הַיֹּצֵ֣את לִשְׁאֹ֔ב וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֵלֶ֔יהָ הַשְׁקִֽינִי־נָ֥א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם מִכַּדֵּֽךְ׃ | when I am standing at a source of water, let it come to pass that the virgin who comes out to draw water, and I say to her, «Please give me a little water from your pitcher», | when ← behold. |
| Gen 24:44 | וְאָמְרָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ גַּם־אַתָּ֣ה שְׁתֵ֔ה וְגַ֥ם לִגְמַלֶּ֖יךָ אֶשְׁאָ֑ב הִ֣וא הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הֹכִ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה לְבֶן־אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | and she says to me, «Both you drink and I will also draw water for your camels», that she is the woman whom the Lord has appointed for my master's son.’ | |
| Gen 24:45 | אֲנִי֩ טֶ֨רֶם אֲכַלֶּ֜ה לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־לִבִּ֗י וְהִנֵּ֨ה רִבְקָ֤ה יֹצֵאת֙ וְכַדָּ֣הּ עַל־שִׁכְמָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֥רֶד הָעַ֖יְנָה וַתִּשְׁאָ֑ב וָאֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יהָ הַשְׁקִ֥ינִי נָֽא׃ | Then before I had finished speaking in my heart, behold, Rebekah came out with her pitcher on her shoulder, and she came down to the source and drew water, and I said to her, ‘Please give me some water to drink.’ | |
| Gen 24:46 | וַתְּמַהֵ֗ר וַתּ֤וֹרֶד כַּדָּהּ֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁתֵ֔ה וְגַם־גְּמַלֶּ֖יךָ אַשְׁקֶ֑ה וָאֵ֕שְׁתְּ וְגַ֥ם הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים הִשְׁקָֽתָה׃ | And she quickly lowered her pitcher from her shoulder and said, ‘Drink, and I will also give your camels water to drink’, so I drank, and she also gave the camels water to drink. | from her shoulder ← from on her. |
| Gen 24:47 | וָאֶשְׁאַ֣ל אֹתָ֗הּ וָאֹמַר֮ בַּת־מִ֣י אַתְּ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל֙ בֶּן־נָח֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָֽלְדָה־לּ֖וֹ מִלְכָּ֑ה וָאָשִׂ֤ם הַנֶּ֙זֶם֙ עַל־אַפָּ֔הּ וְהַצְּמִידִ֖ים עַל־יָדֶֽיהָ׃ | Then I asked her and said, ‘Whose daughter are you?’ And she said, ‘The daughter of Bethuel the son of Nahor whom Milcah bore to him.’ Then I put the earring on her face and the bracelets on her hands. | earring on her face: or nosering on her nose. |
| Gen 24:48 | וָאֶקֹּ֥ד וָֽאֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה וָאֲבָרֵ֗ךְ אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִנְחַ֙נִי֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אֱמֶ֔ת לָקַ֛חַת אֶת־בַּת־אֲחִ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י לִבְנֽוֹ׃ | Then I bowed the head and worshipped the Lord, and I blessed the Lord God of my master Abraham, who has led me along the way of truth to get the daughter of my master's brother for his son. | |
| Gen 24:49 | וְ֠עַתָּה אִם־יֶשְׁכֶ֨ם עֹשִׂ֜ים חֶ֧סֶד וֶֽאֱמֶ֛ת אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַגִּ֣ידוּ לִ֑י וְאִם־לֹ֕א הַגִּ֣ידוּ לִ֔י וְאֶפְנֶ֥ה עַל־יָמִ֖ין א֥וֹ עַל־שְׂמֹֽאל׃ | And now, if you will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell me, and if not, tell me, and I will turn to the right or to the left accordingly.” | |
| Gen 24:50 | וַיַּ֨עַן לָבָ֤ן וּבְתוּאֵל֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵיְהוָ֖ה יָצָ֣א הַדָּבָ֑ר לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ רַ֥ע אוֹ־טֽוֹב׃ | Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, “The matter has originated from the Lord. We cannot speak bad or good to you. | originated ← gone out. |
| Gen 24:51 | הִנֵּֽה־רִבְקָ֥ה לְפָנֶ֖יךָ קַ֣ח וָלֵ֑ךְ וּתְהִ֤י אִשָּׁה֙ לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Look, Rebekah is before you. Take her and go, and she shall be the wife of your master's son, as the Lord has spoken.” | |
| Gen 24:52 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֛ע עֶ֥בֶד אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַ֖רְצָה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when Abraham's servant heard their words, that he worshipped the Lord facing the ground. | facing the ground ← earthwards. |
| Gen 24:53 | וַיּוֹצֵ֨א הָעֶ֜בֶד כְּלֵי־כֶ֨סֶף וּכְלֵ֤י זָהָב֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לְרִבְקָ֑ה וּמִ֨גְדָּנֹ֔ת נָתַ֥ן לְאָחִ֖יהָ וּלְאִמָּֽהּ׃ | Then the servant brought out articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothes, and he gave them to Rebekah, and he gave valuable items to her brother and to her mother. | |
| Gen 24:54 | וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֗וּ ה֛וּא וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֖וֹ וַיָּלִ֑ינוּ וַיָּק֣וּמוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שַׁלְּחֻ֥נִי לַֽאדֹנִֽי׃ | Then they ate and drank – he and the men who were with him – and they lodged there, and they arose in the morning, and he said, “Send me off to my master.” | |
| Gen 24:55 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָחִ֙יהָ֙ וְאִמָּ֔הּ תֵּשֵׁ֨ב הַנַּעֲרָ֥ אִתָּ֛נוּ יָמִ֖ים א֣וֹ עָשׂ֑וֹר אַחַ֖ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ | But her brother and her mother said, “Let the girl stay with us for ten days or so, and after that she can go.” | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Gen 24:56 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אַל־תְּאַחֲר֣וּ אֹתִ֔י וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכִּ֑י שַׁלְּח֕וּנִי וְאֵלְכָ֖ה לַֽאדֹנִֽי׃ | Then he said to them, “Do not delay me, considering that the Lord has made my journey successful. Send me off and I will go to my master.” |
considering: causal use of the vav.
journey ← way. |
| Gen 24:57 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נִקְרָ֣א לַֽנַּעֲרָ֑ וְנִשְׁאֲלָ֖ה אֶת־פִּֽיהָ׃ | Then they said, “We will call the girl and ask her opinion.” | opinion ← mouth. |
| Gen 24:58 | וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ לְרִבְקָה֙ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ הֲתֵלְכִ֖י עִם־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וַתֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלֵֽךְ׃ | So they called Rebekah and said to her, “Will you go with this man?” And she said, “I will go.” | |
| Gen 24:59 | וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֛וּ אֶת־רִבְקָ֥ה אֲחֹתָ֖ם וְאֶת־מֵנִקְתָּ֑הּ וְאֶת־עֶ֥בֶד אַבְרָהָ֖ם וְאֶת־אֲנָשָֽׁיו׃ | So they sent Rebekah their sister off, and her nurse, and Abraham's servant, and his men. | |
| Gen 24:60 | וַיְבָרֲכ֤וּ אֶת־רִבְקָה֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לָ֔הּ אֲחֹתֵ֕נוּ אַ֥תְּ הֲיִ֖י לְאַלְפֵ֣י רְבָבָ֑ה וְיִירַ֣שׁ זַרְעֵ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת שַׁ֥עַר שֹׂנְאָֽיו׃ |
And they blessed Rebekah and said to her,
“You are our sister. Become thousands times ten thousand, And may your seed inherit The gate of those who hate it.” |
thousands times ← thousands of. |
| Gen 24:61 | וַתָּ֨קָם רִבְקָ֜ה וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ וַתִּרְכַּ֙בְנָה֙ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֔ים וַתֵּלַ֖כְנָה אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיִּקַּ֥ח הָעֶ֛בֶד אֶת־רִבְקָ֖ה וַיֵּלַֽךְ׃ | Then Rebekah arose, as did her maidservants, and they rode on the camels and followed the man. So the servant took Rebekah and departed. | |
| Gen 24:62 | וְיִצְחָק֙ בָּ֣א מִבּ֔וֹא בְּאֵ֥ר לַחַ֖י רֹאִ֑י וְה֥וּא יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַנֶּֽגֶב׃ | Now Isaac was coming back from a trip to Beer-Lahai-Roi, for he dwelt in the land of the south. | from a trip to ← from coming. |
| Gen 24:63 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א יִצְחָ֛ק לָשׂ֥וּחַ בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה לִפְנ֣וֹת עָ֑רֶב וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּ֥ה גְמַלִּ֖ים בָּאִֽים׃ | And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the approach of evening, and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was camels coming. |
approach ← turning.
what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 24:64 | וַתִּשָּׂ֤א רִבְקָה֙ אֶת־עֵינֶ֔יהָ וַתֵּ֖רֶא אֶת־יִצְחָ֑ק וַתִּפֹּ֖ל מֵעַ֥ל הַגָּמָֽל׃ | And Rebekah lifted up her eyes and saw Isaac, and she dismounted from the camel. | dismounted: or fell. |
| Gen 24:65 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־הָעֶ֗בֶד מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַלָּזֶה֙ הַהֹלֵ֤ךְ בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ לִקְרָאתֵ֔נוּ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעֶ֖בֶד ה֣וּא אֲדֹנִ֑י וַתִּקַּ֥ח הַצָּעִ֖יף וַתִּתְכָּֽס׃ | Then she said to the servant, “Who is that man coming across in the field towards us?” And the servant said, “He is my master.” Then she took her veil and covered herself. | that man ← this man. |
| Gen 24:66 | וַיְסַפֵּ֥ר הָעֶ֖בֶד לְיִצְחָ֑ק אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | And the servant recounted to Isaac all the things that he had done. | |
| Gen 24:67 | וַיְבִאֶ֣הָ יִצְחָ֗ק הָאֹ֙הֱלָה֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־רִבְקָ֛ה וַתְּהִי־ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֶּאֱהָבֶ֑הָ וַיִּנָּחֵ֥ם יִצְחָ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֥י אִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Isaac brought her to the tent of his mother Sarah, and he took Rebekah, and she became his wife, and he loved her, and Isaac was comforted after his mother had gone. | |
| Gen 25:1 | וַיֹּ֧סֶף אַבְרָהָ֛ם וַיִּקַּ֥ח אִשָּׁ֖ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ קְטוּרָֽה׃ | Then Abraham took a wife again, and her name was Keturah. | |
| Gen 25:2 | וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֗וֹ אֶת־זִמְרָן֙ וְאֶת־יָקְשָׁ֔ן וְאֶת־מְדָ֖ן וְאֶת־מִדְיָ֑ן וְאֶת־יִשְׁבָּ֖ק וְאֶת־שֽׁוּחַ׃ | And she bore him Zimran and Jokshan and Medan and Midian and Ishbak and Shuah. | || 1 Chr 1:32. |
| Gen 25:3 | וְיָקְשָׁ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־שְׁבָ֖א וְאֶת־דְּדָ֑ן וּבְנֵ֣י דְדָ֔ן הָי֛וּ אַשּׁוּרִ֥ם וּלְטוּשִׁ֖ים וּלְאֻמִּֽים׃ | And Jokshan begot Sheba and Dedan, and the sons of Dedan became the Ashshurim and the Letushim and Leummim. |
|| 1 Chr 1:32.
Ashshurim: AV= Asshurim. See Gen 10:11. |
| Gen 25:4 | וּבְנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן עֵיפָ֤ה וָעֵ֙פֶר֙ וַחֲנֹ֔ךְ וַאֲבִידָ֖ע וְאֶלְדָּעָ֑ה כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י קְטוּרָֽה׃ | And the sons of Midian were Ephah and Epher and Hanoch and Abida and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah. |
|| 1 Chr 1:33.
Hanoch: the same name as Enoch in Gen 4:17, but here the AV matches the Hebrew. |
| Gen 25:5 | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ לְיִצְחָֽק׃ | But Abraham gave everything he had to Isaac. | |
| Gen 25:6 | וְלִבְנֵ֤י הַפִּֽילַגְשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם נָתַ֥ן אַבְרָהָ֖ם מַתָּנֹ֑ת וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֞ם מֵעַ֨ל יִצְחָ֤ק בְּנוֹ֙ בְּעוֹדֶ֣נּוּ חַ֔י קֵ֖דְמָה אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ קֶֽדֶם׃ | Nevertheless, to the sons of Abraham's concubines Abraham gave presents, and he sent them away from Isaac his son, while he was still alive, eastwards, to the land of the east. | nevertheless: concessive use of the vav. |
| Gen 25:7 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה יְמֵ֛י שְׁנֵֽי־חַיֵּ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־חָ֑י מְאַ֥ת שָׁנָ֛ה וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְחָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | And these were the days of the years of the life of Abraham which he lived: one hundred and seventy-five years. | |
| Gen 25:8 | וַיִּגְוַ֨ע וַיָּ֧מָת אַבְרָהָ֛ם בְּשֵׂיבָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה זָקֵ֣ן וְשָׂבֵ֑עַ וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃ | And Abraham expired and died at a good old age, old and satisfied, then he was gathered to his people. |
old age ← grey hair.
people ← peoples. |
| Gen 25:9 | וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ יִצְחָ֤ק וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ בָּנָ֔יו אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת הַמַּכְפֵּלָ֑ה אֶל־שְׂדֵ֞ה עֶפְרֹ֤ן בֶּן־צֹ֙חַר֙ הַֽחִתִּ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מַמְרֵֽא׃ | And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the cave at Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is before Mamre |
cave at ← cave of.
Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 25:10 | הַשָּׂדֶ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־קָנָ֥ה אַבְרָהָ֖ם מֵאֵ֣ת בְּנֵי־חֵ֑ת שָׁ֛מָּה קֻבַּ֥ר אַבְרָהָ֖ם וְשָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | – the field which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth. There Abraham was buried, as was Sarah his wife. | |
| Gen 25:11 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת אַבְרָהָ֔ם וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב יִצְחָ֔ק עִם־בְּאֵ֥ר לַחַ֖י רֹאִֽי׃ ס | And it came to pass after the death of Abraham that God blessed Isaac his son, and Isaac dwelt near Beer-Lahai-Roi. | near ← with. |
| Gen 25:12 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְדֹ֥ת יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֜ה הָגָ֧ר הַמִּצְרִ֛ית שִׁפְחַ֥ת שָׂרָ֖ה לְאַבְרָהָֽם׃ | This is the lineage of Ishmael the son of Abraham, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's maidservant, bore to Abraham. | |
| Gen 25:13 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל בִּשְׁמֹתָ֖ם לְתוֹלְדֹתָ֑ם בְּכֹ֤ר יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ נְבָיֹ֔ת וְקֵדָ֥ר וְאַדְבְּאֵ֖ל וּמִבְשָֽׂם׃ | Now these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their genealogy: the firstborn of Ishmael was Nebaioth, then Kedar and Adbeel and Mibsam, |
|| 1 Chr 1:29.
Nebaioth: AV= Nebajoth here, but not always for this name. |
| Gen 25:14 | וּמִשְׁמָ֥ע וְדוּמָ֖ה וּמַשָּֽׂא׃ | and Mishma and Dumah and Massa, | || 1 Chr 1:30. |
| Gen 25:15 | חֲדַ֣ד וְתֵימָ֔א יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵֽדְמָה׃ | Hadad and Tema, Jetur, Naphish and Kedemah. |
|| 1 Chr 1:30, 1 Chr 1:31.
Hadad: AV= Hadar. In this case of a consonantal discrepancy we do not adopt the AV rendering. |
| Gen 25:16 | אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֞ם בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמֹתָ֔ם בְּחַצְרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְטִֽירֹתָ֑ם שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר נְשִׂיאִ֖ם לְאֻמֹּתָֽם׃ | These were the sons of Ishmael, and those were their names by their villages and by their castles – twelve princes of their nations. | || 1 Chr 1:31. |
| Gen 25:17 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל מְאַ֥ת שָׁנָ֛ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיִּגְוַ֣ע וַיָּ֔מָת וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃ | And these were the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred and thirty-seven years, and he expired and died, and he was gathered to his people. | people ← peoples. |
| Gen 25:18 | וַיִּשְׁכְּנ֨וּ מֵֽחֲוִילָ֜ה עַד־שׁ֗וּר אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם בֹּאֲכָ֖ה אַשּׁ֑וּרָה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־אֶחָ֖יו נָפָֽל׃ פ | And they dwelt from Havilah to Shur, which is alongside Egypt as you go to Assyria, and he fell alongside all his brothers. | he fell: [CB] explains this as he had an inheritance, and from that: he dwelt. We would normally expect נָפַל with לְ + heir for inheriting. |
| Gen 25:19 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת יִצְחָ֖ק בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֑ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃ | Now this is the lineage of Isaac the son of Abraham. Abraham begot Isaac, | |
| Gen 25:20 | וַיְהִ֤י יִצְחָק֙ בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּקַחְתּ֣וֹ אֶת־רִבְקָ֗ה בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּ֔י מִפַּדַּ֖ן אֲרָ֑ם אֲח֛וֹת לָבָ֥ן הָאֲרַמִּ֖י ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | and Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah the daughter of Bethuel the Aramaean from Paddan-Aram, the sister of Laban the Aramaean, as his wife. | Paddan-Aram: AV= Padan-aram, ignoring the dagesh forte in the daleth. |
| Gen 25:21 | וַיֶּעְתַּ֨ר יִצְחָ֤ק לַֽיהוָה֙ לְנֹ֣כַח אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה הִ֑וא וַיֵּעָ֤תֶר לוֹ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַתַּ֖הַר רִבְקָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | And Isaac entreated the Lord on behalf of his wife, for she was barren, and the Lord was entreated by him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. | |
| Gen 25:22 | וַיִּתְרֹֽצֲצ֤וּ הַבָּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔הּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִם־כֵּ֔ן לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And the sons struggled together inside her, and she said, “If it is like this, why is it this way with me?” And she went to inquire of the Lord. | |
| Gen 25:23 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לָ֗הּ שְׁנֵ֤י *גיים **גוֹיִם֙ בְּבִטְנֵ֔ךְ וּשְׁנֵ֣י לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִמֵּעַ֖יִךְ יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ וּלְאֹם֙ מִלְאֹ֣ם יֶֽאֱמָ֔ץ וְרַ֖ב יַעֲבֹ֥ד צָעִֽיר׃ |
And the Lord said to her,
“There are two nations in your womb, And two peoples will be separated from your belly. And one people will prevail over the other people, And the elder will serve the younger.” |
nations: the ketiv is apparently an alternative spelling or a misspelling with a yod in place of a vav.
Rom 9:12. |
| Gen 25:24 | וַיִּמְלְא֥וּ יָמֶ֖יהָ לָלֶ֑דֶת וְהִנֵּ֥ה תוֹמִ֖ם בְּבִטְנָֽהּ׃ | And her days to when she should give birth were completed, and it was the case that there were twins in her womb. | it was the case that ← behold. |
| Gen 25:25 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו׃ | And the first came out red-haired – all over him was a cloak of hair – and they called him Esau. | Esau ← hairy, rough (Arabic; as Hebrew not attested elsewhere in the OT / Tanakh). |
| Gen 25:26 | וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֞ן יָצָ֣א אָחִ֗יו וְיָד֤וֹ אֹחֶ֙זֶת֙ בַּעֲקֵ֣ב עֵשָׂ֔ו וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְיִצְחָ֛ק בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּלֶ֥דֶת אֹתָֽם׃ | And after that his brother came out, and his hand was holding on to Esau's heel, and they called him Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them. |
|| 1 Chr 1:34.
Jacob ← Ja'acob, but we retain the AV / traditional name. The meaning is he takes by the heel, he supplants. |
| Gen 25:27 | וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים׃ | And the boys grew up, and Esau became a man skilled in hunting, a man of the open land, whereas Jacob was a straightforward man, living in tents. |
whereas: wider use of the vav.
straightforward: the same root as for pure, used of Noah in his genealogy. |
| Gen 25:28 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יִצְחָ֛ק אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו כִּי־צַ֣יִד בְּפִ֑יו וְרִבְקָ֖ה אֹהֶ֥בֶת אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | Now Isaac loved Esau because of his appetite for game, but Rebekah loved Jacob. | because of his appetite for game ← for hunting (was) in his mouth. |
| Gen 25:29 | וַיָּ֥זֶד יַעֲקֹ֖ב נָזִ֑יד וַיָּבֹ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְה֥וּא עָיֵֽף׃ | On an occasion Jacob had made a broth, when along came Esau from the open land, and he was tired, | On an occasion ← and, but this is a wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 25:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַלְעִיטֵ֤נִי נָא֙ מִן־הָאָדֹ֤ם הָאָדֹם֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֥י עָיֵ֖ף אָנֹ֑כִי עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | and Esau said to Jacob, “Please give me some of that very red broth to eat, for I am weary”, which is why he is called Edom. | Edom ← red. |
| Gen 25:31 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֑ב מִכְרָ֥ה כַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־בְּכֹֽרָתְךָ֖ לִֽי׃ | Whereupon Jacob said, “Sell me today your birthright.” | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 25:32 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר עֵשָׂ֔ו הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י הוֹלֵ֖ךְ לָמ֑וּת וְלָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה לִ֖י בְּכֹרָֽה׃ | Then Esau said, “Look, I am going to die. So what good is a birthright to me?” | what good is ← why this. |
| Gen 25:33 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֗ב הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ כַּיּ֔וֹם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע ל֑וֹ וַיִּמְכֹּ֥ר אֶת־בְּכֹרָת֖וֹ לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And Jacob said, “Swear to me this day.” And he swore to him, and he sold his birthright to Jacob. | Heb 12:16. |
| Gen 25:34 | וְיַעֲקֹ֞ב נָתַ֣ן לְעֵשָׂ֗ו לֶ֚חֶם וּנְזִ֣יד עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וַיִּ֥בֶז עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־הַבְּכֹרָֽה׃ ס | Then Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil broth, and he ate and drank, and he got up and went off. So Esau despised his birthright. | |
| Gen 26:1 | וַיְהִ֤י רָעָב֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ מִלְּבַד֙ הָרָעָ֣ב הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה בִּימֵ֣י אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יִצְחָ֛ק אֶל־אֲבִימֶּ֥לֶךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים גְּרָֽרָה׃ | Then a famine came in the land, besides the first famine which was in the days of Abraham, and Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines in Gerar. |
came ... was ← became ... became.
in Gerar ← to Gerar. |
| Gen 26:2 | וַיֵּרָ֤א אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַל־תֵּרֵ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יְמָה שְׁכֹ֣ן בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord appeared to him and said, “Do not go down to Egypt. Dwell in the land which I tell you. | |
| Gen 26:3 | גּ֚וּר בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וְאֶֽהְיֶ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ וַאֲבָרְכֶ֑ךָּ כִּֽי־לְךָ֣ וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֗ אֶתֵּן֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָֽאֲרָצֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל וַהֲקִֽמֹתִי֙ אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם אָבִֽיךָ׃ | Stay in this land, and I will be with you, and I will bless you, for I will give you and your seed all these lands, and I will establish my oath which I swore to Abraham your father. | |
| Gen 26:4 | וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָתַתִּ֣י לְזַרְעֲךָ֔ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָאֲרָצֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑ל וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ בְזַרְעֲךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I will make your seed numerous like the stars of the sky, and I will give your seed all these lands, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed through your seed, | Acts 3:25, Heb 11:12. |
| Gen 26:5 | עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֥ע אַבְרָהָ֖ם בְּקֹלִ֑י וַיִּשְׁמֹר֙ מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֔י מִצְוֺתַ֖י חֻקּוֹתַ֥י וְתוֹרֹתָֽי׃ | because Abraham obeyed me and kept my ordinance, my commandments, my statutes and my laws.” |
my ordinance: singular, although it could be re-pointed as plural. The words following are plural.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Gen 26:6 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִצְחָ֖ק בִּגְרָֽר׃ | So Isaac stayed in Gerar. | |
| Gen 26:7 | וַֽיִּשְׁאֲל֞וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ לְאִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא כִּ֤י יָרֵא֙ לֵאמֹ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֔י פֶּן־יַֽהַרְגֻ֜נִי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ עַל־רִבְקָ֔ה כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא׃ | Then the men of the place asked him about his wife, and he said, “She is my sister”, for he was afraid to say, “my wife”, in case, he thought, “the men of the place kill me for Rebekah, for she is good-looking.” | |
| Gen 26:8 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּ֣י אָֽרְכוּ־ל֥וֹ שָׁם֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים בְּעַ֖ד הַֽחַלּ֑וֹן וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה יִצְחָק֙ מְצַחֵ֔ק אֵ֖ת רִבְקָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | Then it came to pass that a long time went by for him there, and Abimelech king of the Philistines peered out of a window and looked out, and what he saw was Isaac playing with Rebekah his wife. |
a long time went by for him ← days were long to him.
a window ← the window. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 26:9 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְיִצְחָ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַ֣ךְ הִנֵּ֤ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֙ הִ֔וא וְאֵ֥יךְ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יִצְחָ֔ק כִּ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי פֶּן־אָמ֖וּת עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And Abimelech called for Isaac and said, “Surely it is the case that she is your wife. So how come you said, ‘She is my sister’?” And Isaac said to him, “Because I said to myself, ‘In case I die because of her.’ ” | it is the case that ← behold. |
| Gen 26:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ כִּ֠מְעַט שָׁכַ֞ב אַחַ֤ד הָעָם֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֶּ֔ךָ וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ עָלֵ֖ינוּ אָשָֽׁם׃ | Then Abimelech said, “What is this you have done to us? One of the people nearly lay with your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us.” | |
| Gen 26:11 | וַיְצַ֣ו אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | Then Abimelech gave commandment to all the people and said, “Anyone who touches this man or his wife will certainly be put to death.” |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 26:12 | וַיִּזְרַ֤ע יִצְחָק֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֔וא וַיִּמְצָ֛א בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַהִ֖וא מֵאָ֣ה שְׁעָרִ֑ים וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Isaac sowed in that land and obtained in that year a hundredfold return, and the Lord blessed him. |
obtained ← found.
return ← measures. |
| Gen 26:13 | וַיִּגְדַּ֖ל הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְגָדֵ֔ל עַ֥ד כִּֽי־גָדַ֖ל מְאֹֽד׃ | And the man became great, and he kept becoming greater, until he had become very great. | kept becoming greater: with an infinitive absolute of to go / continue. |
| Gen 26:14 | וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ מִקְנֵה־צֹאן֙ וּמִקְנֵ֣ה בָקָ֔ר וַעֲבֻדָּ֖ה רַבָּ֑ה וַיְקַנְא֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And he had sheep in his possession, and cattle in his possession, and a large body of servants. And the Philistines envied him, | |
| Gen 26:15 | וְכָל־הַבְּאֵרֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָֽפְרוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו בִּימֵ֖י אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֑יו סִתְּמ֣וּם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְמַלְא֖וּם עָפָֽר׃ | and the Philistines blocked up all the wells which his father's servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father, and they filled them with soil. | soil ← dust. |
| Gen 26:16 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־יִצְחָ֑ק לֵ֚ךְ מֵֽעִמָּ֔נוּ כִּֽי־עָצַֽמְתָּ־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מְאֹֽד׃ | Then Abimelech said to Isaac, “Depart from us, for you have become much stronger than us.” | than us: or, if the reader prefers, than we. |
| Gen 26:17 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֖ם יִצְחָ֑ק וַיִּ֥חַן בְּנַֽחַל־גְּרָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב שָֽׁם׃ | So Isaac departed from there and encamped at the watercourse of Gerar and stayed there. | |
| Gen 26:18 | וַיָּ֨שָׁב יִצְחָ֜ק וַיַּחְפֹּ֣ר ׀ אֶת־בְּאֵרֹ֣ת הַמַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָֽפְרוּ֙ בִּימֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יו וַיְסַתְּמ֣וּם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶן֙ שֵׁמ֔וֹת כַּשֵּׁמֹ֕ת אֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֥א לָהֶ֖ן אָבִֽיו׃ | Then Isaac again dug the wells of water which they had dug in the days of Abraham his father and which the Philistines had blocked up after the death of Abraham, to which he gave names, after the names which his father had given them. | gave ... given ← called ... called. |
| Gen 26:19 | וַיַּחְפְּר֥וּ עַבְדֵֽי־יִצְחָ֖ק בַּנָּ֑חַל וַיִּ֨מְצְאוּ־שָׁ֔ם בְּאֵ֖ר מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ | So Isaac's servants dug in the dry watercourse and found there a well of running water. | running ← living. |
| Gen 26:20 | וַיָּרִ֜יבוּ רֹעֵ֣י גְרָ֗ר עִם־רֹעֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק לֵאמֹ֖ר לָ֣נוּ הַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּקְרָ֤א שֵֽׁם־הַבְּאֵר֙ עֵ֔שֶׂק כִּ֥י הִֽתְעַשְּׂק֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | But the shepherds of Gerar quarrelled with Isaac's shepherds and said, “The water is ours”, and they called the well Esek, because they strove with him. | Esek ← strife. |
| Gen 26:21 | וַֽיַּחְפְּרוּ֙ בְּאֵ֣ר אַחֶ֔רֶת וַיָּרִ֖יבוּ גַּם־עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ שִׂטְנָֽה׃ | And they dug another well, and they quarrelled over that one too, and they called it Sitnah. |
over that one ← over it.
Sitnah ← accusation, from the same root as Satan. |
| Gen 26:22 | וַיַּעְתֵּ֣ק מִשָּׁ֗ם וַיַּחְפֹּר֙ בְּאֵ֣ר אַחֶ֔רֶת וְלֹ֥א רָב֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ רְחֹב֔וֹת וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־עַתָּ֞ה הִרְחִ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה לָ֖נוּ וּפָרִ֥ינוּ בָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then he moved from there and dug another well, which they did not quarrel over, and he called it Rehoboth and said, “For now the Lord has given us room, and we shall be fruitful in the land.” |
Rehoboth ← open spaces.
given us room ← widened us. |
| Gen 26:23 | וַיַּ֥עַל מִשָּׁ֖ם בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | Then he went up from there to Beersheba. | |
| Gen 26:24 | וַיֵּרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֕י אֱלֹהֵ֖י אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֑יךָ אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֣ אָנֹ֔כִי וּבֵֽרַכְתִּ֙יךָ֙ וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֣י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֔ בַּעֲב֖וּר אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדִּֽי׃ | And the Lord appeared to him that night, and he said, “I am the God of Abraham your father. Do not be afraid, for I am with you, and I will bless you and I will increase your seed because of Abraham my servant.” | |
| Gen 26:25 | וַיִּ֧בֶן שָׁ֣ם מִזְבֵּ֗חַ וַיִּקְרָא֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וַיֶּט־שָׁ֖ם אָהֳל֑וֹ וַיִּכְרוּ־שָׁ֥ם עַבְדֵי־יִצְחָ֖ק בְּאֵֽר׃ | Then he built an altar there and called on the name of the Lord, and he pitched his tent there, and Isaac's servants dug a well there. | |
| Gen 26:26 | וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ הָלַ֥ךְ אֵלָ֖יו מִגְּרָ֑ר וַאֲחֻזַּת֙ מֵֽרֵעֵ֔הוּ וּפִיכֹ֖ל שַׂר־צְבָאֽוֹ׃ | Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, with Ahuzzath his friend, and Phichol the commander of his army. |
his friend: from מֵרֵעַ. AV differs (one of his friends), from רֵעַ with preposition ‑מֵ.
Phichol ← Pichol. See Gen 21:22. |
| Gen 26:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ יִצְחָ֔ק מַדּ֖וּעַ בָּאתֶ֣ם אֵלָ֑י וְאַתֶּם֙ שְׂנֵאתֶ֣ם אֹתִ֔י וַתְּשַׁלְּח֖וּנִי מֵאִתְּכֶֽם׃ | And Isaac said to them, “Why have you come to me, seeing you detest me, and you sent me away from you?” | seeing ← and. A conjunction of reason, in a wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 26:28 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ רָא֣וֹ רָאִינוּ֮ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ עִמָּךְ֒ וַנֹּ֗אמֶר תְּהִ֨י נָ֥א אָלָ֛ה בֵּינוֹתֵ֖ינוּ בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְנִכְרְתָ֥ה בְרִ֖ית עִמָּֽךְ׃ | To which they said, “We have clearly seen that the Lord was with you, and we said, ‘Let there be now an oath between us – between us and you – and let us make a covenant with you, |
to which: wider use of the vav.
we have clearly seen: infinitive absolute. make ← cut. |
| Gen 26:29 | אִם־תַּעֲשֵׂ֨ה עִמָּ֜נוּ רָעָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א נְגַֽעֲנ֔וּךָ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֤ינוּ עִמְּךָ֙ רַק־ט֔וֹב וַנְּשַׁלֵּֽחֲךָ֖ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם אַתָּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה בְּר֥וּךְ יְהוָֽה׃ | that you absolutely won't do us any harm, as when we did you no injury, and that you will act as when we only did you good and when we sent you off in peace’, and now you are blessed by the Lord.” |
you absolutely won't ← if you do, standing for if you ... may God do this to you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
we did you no injury ← we did not strike you. |
| Gen 26:30 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | Then he held a banquet for them, and they ate and drank. | held ← made. |
| Gen 26:31 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְאָחִ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֣ם יִצְחָ֔ק וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ מֵאִתּ֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And they got up early in the morning, and they swore to each other, and Isaac sent them off, and they departed from him in peace. | to each other ← each to his brother. |
| Gen 26:32 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י יִצְחָ֔ק וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ עַל־אֹד֥וֹת הַבְּאֵ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָפָ֑רוּ וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ מָצָ֥אנוּ מָֽיִם׃ | Then it came to pass on that day that Isaac's servants came and told him about the well which they had dug, and they said to him, “We have found water.” | |
| Gen 26:33 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ שִׁבְעָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֤ן שֵׁם־הָעִיר֙ בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And he called it Shibah, which is why the name of the town is Beersheba up to this day. | Shibah: AV= Shebah. The meaning is oath. |
| Gen 26:34 | וַיְהִ֤י עֵשָׂו֙ בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וַיִּקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ אֶת־יְהוּדִ֔ית בַּת־בְּאֵרִ֖י הַֽחִתִּ֑י וְאֶת־בָּ֣שְׂמַ֔ת בַּת־אֵילֹ֖ן הַֽחִתִּֽי׃ | Now Esau was forty years old when he took as a wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bosmath the daughter of Elon the Hittite. | Bosmath: AV= Bashemath. The first syllable is open here, but elsewhere (6x) always closed, so with qamets hatuf. The meaning is Fragrance. |
| Gen 26:35 | וַתִּהְיֶ֖יןָ מֹ֣רַת ר֑וּחַ לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּלְרִבְקָֽה׃ ס | But they became a source of grief to Isaac and Rebekah. | a source of grief ← grief of spirit. |
| Gen 27:1 | וַיְהִי֙ כִּֽי־זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֑ת וַיִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־עֵשָׂ֣ו ׀ בְּנ֣וֹ הַגָּדֹ֗ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ בְּנִ֔י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And it came to pass when Isaac was old that his eyesight was failing, and he called Esau his elder son and said to him, “My son”, and he said to him, “Here I am.” |
his eyesight was failing ← his eyes had become dim from seeing.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 27:2 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־נָ֖א זָקַ֑נְתִּי לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי י֥וֹם מוֹתִֽי׃ | And he said, “Look now, I am old and I do not know the day of my death. | |
| Gen 27:3 | וְעַתָּה֙ שָׂא־נָ֣א כֵלֶ֔יךָ תֶּלְיְךָ֖ וְקַשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ וְצֵא֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְצ֥וּדָה לִּ֖י *צידה **צָֽיִד׃ | So now, take up your weapons – your quiver and your bow – and go out into the countryside and hunt game for me. | game: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Gen 27:4 | וַעֲשֵׂה־לִ֨י מַטְעַמִּ֜ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָהַ֛בְתִּי וְהָבִ֥יאָה לִּ֖י וְאֹכֵ֑לָה בַּעֲב֛וּר תְּבָרֶכְךָ֥ נַפְשִׁ֖י בְּטֶ֥רֶם אָמֽוּת׃ | And make a tasty meal the way I like it and bring it to me for me to eat, so that my whole being can bless you before I die.” |
for me to eat ← and I will eat (it).
my whole being ← my soul. |
| Gen 27:5 | וְרִבְקָ֣ה שֹׁמַ֔עַת בְּדַבֵּ֣ר יִצְחָ֔ק אֶל־עֵשָׂ֖ו בְּנ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ עֵשָׂו֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָצ֥וּד צַ֖יִד לְהָבִֽיא׃ | Now Rebekah was listening when Isaac was speaking to Esau his son. Then when Esau had gone to the countryside to hunt for game to bring, | |
| Gen 27:6 | וְרִבְקָה֙ אָֽמְרָ֔ה אֶל־יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָ֖הּ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ מְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶל־עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יךָ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Rebekah spoke to Jacob her son and said, “Look, I have heard your father speaking to Esau your brother, saying, | |
| Gen 27:7 | הָבִ֨יאָה לִּ֥י צַ֛יִד וַעֲשֵׂה־לִ֥י מַטְעַמִּ֖ים וְאֹכֵ֑לָה וַאֲבָרֶכְכָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹתִֽי׃ | ‘Bring me game and make a tasty meal for me to eat, and I will bless you before the Lord before my death.’ | for me to eat ← and I will eat (it). |
| Gen 27:8 | וְעַתָּ֥ה בְנִ֖י שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלִ֑י לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י מְצַוָּ֥ה אֹתָֽךְ׃ | So now, my son, obey me with what I am commanding you. | obey me ← hear my voice. |
| Gen 27:9 | לֶךְ־נָא֙ אֶל־הַצֹּ֔אן וְקַֽח־לִ֣י מִשָּׁ֗ם שְׁנֵ֛י גְּדָיֵ֥י עִזִּ֖ים טֹבִ֑ים וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֧ם מַטְעַמִּ֛ים לְאָבִ֖יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָהֵֽב׃ | Go now to the flock and get me two good kids of the goats from there, and I will make from them a tasty meal for your father the way he likes it. | |
| Gen 27:10 | וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ לְאָבִ֖יךָ וְאָכָ֑ל בַּעֲבֻ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְבָרֶכְךָ֖ לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then you will bring it to your father, and he will eat, so that he blesses you before his death.” | |
| Gen 27:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל־רִבְקָ֖ה אִמּ֑וֹ הֵ֣ן עֵשָׂ֤ו אָחִי֙ אִ֣ישׁ שָׂעִ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִ֥ישׁ חָלָֽק׃ | Then Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, “Look, Esau my brother is a hairy man, whereas I am a smooth man. | whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 27:12 | אוּלַ֤י יְמֻשֵּׁ֙נִי֙ אָבִ֔י וְהָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינָ֖יו כִּמְתַעְתֵּ֑עַ וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י עָלַ֛י קְלָלָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א בְרָכָֽה׃ | Maybe my father will feel me, and I will be a mocker in his sight, and I will bring a curse on myself and not a blessing.” | |
| Gen 27:13 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אִמּ֔וֹ עָלַ֥י קִלְלָתְךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י אַ֛ךְ שְׁמַ֥ע בְּקֹלִ֖י וְלֵ֥ךְ קַֽח־לִֽי׃ | Then his mother said to him, “May your curse be on me, my son, but obey me and go and get me the goats.” | obey me ← hear my voice. |
| Gen 27:14 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיִּקַּ֔ח וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֤עַשׂ אִמּוֹ֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָהֵ֥ב אָבִֽיו׃ | So he went and got them and brought them to his mother, and his mother made the tasty meal the way his father liked it. | |
| Gen 27:15 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח רִ֠בְקָה אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֨י עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּנָ֤הּ הַגָּדֹל֙ הַחֲמֻדֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּ֖הּ בַּבָּ֑יִת וַתַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּנָ֥הּ הַקָּטָֽן׃ | Then Rebekah took the finest clothes which she had in the house of Esau her elder son and clothed Jacob her younger son with them. | |
| Gen 27:16 | וְאֵ֗ת עֹרֹת֙ גְּדָיֵ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֔ים הִלְבִּ֖ישָׁה עַל־יָדָ֑יו וְעַ֖ל חֶלְקַ֥ת צַוָּארָֽיו׃ | And she put the skins of the kids of the goats on his forearms and around the smoothness of his neck. |
put ← clothed.
forearms: here probably including most of the hand. The word is often just translated hand. |
| Gen 27:17 | וַתִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הַמַּטְעַמִּ֛ים וְאֶת־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑תָה בְּיַ֖ד יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָֽהּ׃ | And she put the tasty meal and bread, which she had made, in the hand of Jacob her son. | |
| Gen 27:18 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָבִ֖יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנֶּ֔נִּי מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה בְּנִֽי׃ | And he went to his father and said, “My father”, and he said, “Here I am. Who are you, my son?” | here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 27:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־אָבִ֗יו אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ עָשִׂ֕יתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י קֽוּם־נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau your firstborn. I have done what you told me. Get up now, and sit and eat my game, so that your whole being can bless me.” | whole being ← soul. |
| Gen 27:20 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶל־בְּנ֔וֹ מַה־זֶּ֛ה מִהַ֥רְתָּ לִמְצֹ֖א בְּנִ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י הִקְרָ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנָֽי׃ | Then Isaac said to his son, “How come you have been so quick in finding it, my son?” And he said, “Because the Lord your God made it happen before me.” | in finding: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 27:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֔ב גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו אִם־לֹֽא׃ | Then Isaac said to Jacob, “Come near, would you, and I will feel you, my son, to see if you really are my son Esau or not.” | you really are ← you (are) this. |
| Gen 27:22 | וַיִּגַּ֧שׁ יַעֲקֹ֛ב אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו וַיְמֻשֵּׁ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקֹּל֙ ק֣וֹל יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְהַיָּדַ֖יִם יְדֵ֥י עֵשָֽׂו׃ | So Jacob came near to Isaac his father, and he felt him, and he said, “The voice is Jacob's voice, but the forearms are Esau's forearms.” | |
| Gen 27:23 | וְלֹ֣א הִכִּיר֔וֹ כִּֽי־הָי֣וּ יָדָ֗יו כִּידֵ֛י עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יו שְׂעִרֹ֑ת וַֽיְבָרְכֵֽהוּ׃ | And he did not recognize him, for his forearms were like the hairy forearms of Esau his brother, and he blessed him, | |
| Gen 27:24 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י עֵשָׂ֑ו וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָֽנִי׃ | and he said, “Are you really my son Esau”, and he said, “Yes, I am.” | are you really ← (are) you this. |
| Gen 27:25 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַגִּ֤שָׁה לִּי֙ וְאֹֽכְלָה֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנִ֔י לְמַ֥עַן תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיַּגֶּשׁ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּאכַ֔ל וַיָּ֧בֵא ל֦וֹ יַ֖יִן וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּ׃ | And he said, “Serve me some of my son's game, and I will eat it, so that my whole being can bless you.” So he served it to him, and he ate, and he brought him wine, and he drank. | whole being ← soul. |
| Gen 27:26 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וּשְׁקָה־לִּ֖י בְּנִֽי׃ | And Isaac his father said to him, “Come close, would you, and kiss me, my son.” | |
| Gen 27:27 | וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־ל֔וֹ וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת־רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכ֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ |
So he came close and kissed him, and he smelled the smell of his clothing, and he blessed him, and he said,
“See, the smell of my son Is as the smell of countryside Which the Lord has blessed. |
|
| Gen 27:28 | וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ׃ |
So may God give you the dew of heaven And the fatness of the earth, And abundance of corn and new wine. |
the dew ← from the dew. |
| Gen 27:29 | יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים *וישתחו **וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֤וּ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ׃ |
Nations will serve you, And various peoples will bow down to you; Be master over your brothers, And the sons of your mother will bow down to you. Those who curse you will be cursed, And those who bless you will be blessed.” |
will bow down: the ketiv is a shorter form of the qeré.
those who curse you (etc.): compare Num 24:9. Discordancies in number (or collective usage): Those who curse (plural) you will be cursed (singular), And those who bless (plural) you will be blessed (singular). |
| Gen 27:30 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒ וַיְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵאֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו וְעֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יו בָּ֖א מִצֵּידֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had only just left the presence of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came back from his hunting. |
only just: infinitive absolute of to go out.
left the presence ← gone out from with the face of. |
| Gen 27:31 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גַּם־הוּא֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֗יו יָקֻ֤ם אָבִי֙ וְיֹאכַל֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנ֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And he also made a tasty meal and brought it to his father, and he said to his father, “Let my father get up and eat his son's game, so that your whole being can bless me.” | whole being ← soul. |
| Gen 27:32 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֛וֹ יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו מִי־אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֲנִ֛י בִּנְךָ֥ בְכֹֽרְךָ֖ עֵשָֽׂו׃ | Then Isaac his father said to him, “Who are you?” And he said, “I am your son, your firstborn, Esau.” | |
| Gen 27:33 | וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד יִצְחָ֣ק חֲרָדָה֮ גְּדֹלָ֣ה עַד־מְאֹד֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר מִֽי־אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא הַצָּֽד־צַיִד֩ וַיָּ֨בֵא לִ֜י וָאֹכַ֥ל מִכֹּ֛ל בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | Then Isaac trembled, trembling very greatly, and he said, “Who was it then who hunted game and brought it to me, which I ate all of before you came, and I blessed him, and he will be duly blessed?” |
trembled, trembling very greatly ← trembled a very great trembling.
duly ← also. |
| Gen 27:34 | כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו וַיִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּמָרָ֖ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֔יו בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי׃ | When Esau heard his father's words, he let out a very loud and bitter cry and said to his father, “Bless me too, my father.” | he let out a very loud and bitter cry ← he cried a very loud and bitter cry. |
| Gen 27:35 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּ֥א אָחִ֖יךָ בְּמִרְמָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֖ח בִּרְכָתֶֽךָ׃ | But he said, “Your brother came deceitfully and took your blessing.” | |
| Gen 27:36 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר הֲכִי֩ קָרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֙נִי֙ זֶ֣ה פַעֲמַ֔יִם אֶת־בְּכֹרָתִ֣י לָקָ֔ח וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה לָקַ֣ח בִּרְכָתִ֑י וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הֲלֹא־אָצַ֥לְתָּ לִּ֖י בְּרָכָֽה׃ | And he said, “Isn't this why he is called Jacob? For he has supplanted me twice now. He has taken my birthright, and now he has gone and taken my blessing.” And he said, “Haven't you reserved a blessing for me?” |
isn't this why ← (is) that.
for: causal use of the vav. he has gone and taken ← behold he has taken. |
| Gen 27:37 | וַיַּ֨עַן יִצְחָ֜ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֵשָׂ֗ו הֵ֣ן גְּבִ֞יר שַׂמְתִּ֥יו לָךְ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֶחָ֗יו נָתַ֤תִּי לוֹ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וְדָגָ֥ן וְתִירֹ֖שׁ סְמַכְתִּ֑יו וּלְכָ֣ה אֵפ֔וֹא מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּנִֽי׃ | Then Isaac answered and said to Esau, “Look, I have appointed him master over you, and I have assigned all his brothers as servants to him, and I have sustained him with corn and new wine. So then, what can I do for you, my son?” | assigned ← given, put. |
| Gen 27:38 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶל־אָבִ֗יו הַֽבְרָכָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת הִֽוא־לְךָ֙ אָבִ֔י בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִ֑י וַיִּשָּׂ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃ | At this Esau said to his father, “Is your blessing just a single one, my father? Bless me, me too, my father.” And Esau raised his voice and wept. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 27:39 | וַיַּ֛עַן יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֑יו הִנֵּ֞ה מִשְׁמַנֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה מֽוֹשָׁבֶ֔ךָ וּמִטַּ֥ל הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם מֵעָֽל׃ |
Then Isaac his father answered and said to him,
“Behold, your dwelling place will be the fatness of the land And benefiting from the dew of heaven above. |
will be the fatness: [CB] proposes (far) from the fatness. The issue is whether מִשְׁמַנֵּי is one word, fatness, or the preposition מִ attached to the word שְׁמַנְּי (perhaps re-pointed as שַׁמְנֵי). [CB] also proposes (far) from the dew. But the words are as in Gen 27:28. |
| Gen 27:40 | וְעַל־חַרְבְּךָ֣ תִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְאֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ תַּעֲבֹ֑ד וְהָיָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּרִ֔יד וּפָרַקְתָּ֥ עֻלּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֥ל צַוָּארֶֽךָ׃ |
And you will live by your sword, And serve your brother, But it will come to pass That as you roam around, You will break off his yoke from your neck.” |
roam around: root רוד; AV differs, incorrectly taking the root as רדה, to have dominion. |
| Gen 27:41 | וַיִּשְׂטֹ֤ם עֵשָׂו֙ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב עַל־הַ֨בְּרָכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכ֖וֹ אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּלִבּ֗וֹ יִקְרְבוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ אֵ֣בֶל אָבִ֔י וְאַֽהַרְגָ֖ה אֶת־יַעֲקֹ֥ב אָחִֽי׃ | At this Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him, and Esau said in his heart, “The days of mourning for my father are approaching, and I will kill Jacob my brother.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
said in his heart: an expression of resolving. In view of the next verse, the servants could either read his heart, or they heard about his intentions from other things he said out loud. |
| Gen 27:42 | וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְרִבְקָ֔ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו בְּנָ֣הּ הַגָּדֹ֑ל וַתִּשְׁלַ֞ח וַתִּקְרָ֤א לְיַעֲקֹב֙ בְּנָ֣הּ הַקָּטָ֔ן וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּה֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יךָ מִתְנַחֵ֥ם לְךָ֖ לְהָרְגֶֽךָ׃ | But the words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah, so she sent for and called Jacob her younger son and said to him, “Look, Esau your brother is consoling himself over you, plotting to kill you. | |
| Gen 27:43 | וְעַתָּ֥ה בְנִ֖י שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלִ֑י וְק֧וּם בְּרַח־לְךָ֛ אֶל־לָבָ֥ן אָחִ֖י חָרָֽנָה׃ | So now, my son, obey me, and get up and flee to Laban my brother in Haran. |
obey me ← hear my voice.
flee ← flee for yourself, so get fleeing. in Haran ← to Haran. |
| Gen 27:44 | וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ עִמּ֖וֹ יָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֑ים עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־תָּשׁ֖וּב חֲמַ֥ת אָחִֽיךָ׃ | And stay with him for several days until your brother's fury subsides | |
| Gen 27:45 | עַד־שׁ֨וּב אַף־אָחִ֜יךָ מִמְּךָ֗ וְשָׁכַח֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֖י וּלְקַחְתִּ֣יךָ מִשָּׁ֑ם לָמָ֥ה אֶשְׁכַּ֛ל גַּם־שְׁנֵיכֶ֖ם י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ | – until your brother's anger recedes from you, and he forgets what you did to him – and I will send for you and take you back from there. Why should I be bereaved of the two of you on one day.” | |
| Gen 27:46 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רִבְקָה֙ אֶל־יִצְחָ֔ק קַ֣צְתִּי בְחַיַּ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנ֣וֹת חֵ֑ת אִם־לֹקֵ֣חַ יַ֠עֲקֹב אִשָּׁ֨ה מִבְּנֽוֹת־חֵ֤ת כָּאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִבְּנ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לָ֥מָּה לִּ֖י חַיִּֽים׃ | Then Rebekah said to Isaac, “I am fed up with my life because of the daughters of Heth. If Jacob were to take a wife from the daughters of Heth like these – from the daughters of the land – what purpose would my life have?” | |
| Gen 28:1 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א יִצְחָ֛ק אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹת֑וֹ וַיְצַוֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֹֽא־תִקַּ֥ח אִשָּׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ | Then Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him, and he gave him commandment, and he said to him, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan. | |
| Gen 28:2 | ק֥וּם לֵךְ֙ פַּדֶּ֣נָֽה אֲרָ֔ם בֵּ֥יתָה בְתוּאֵ֖ל אֲבִ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ וְקַח־לְךָ֤ מִשָּׁם֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה מִבְּנ֥וֹת לָבָ֖ן אֲחִ֥י אִמֶּֽךָ׃ | Arise, go to Paddan-Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father, and take a wife from there, from the daughters of Laban your mother's brother. | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 28:3 | וְאֵ֤ל שַׁדַּי֙ יְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֹֽתְךָ֔ וְיַפְרְךָ֖ וְיַרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְהָיִ֖יתָ לִקְהַ֥ל עַמִּֽים׃ |
And may God Almighty bless you, And make you fruitful and increase you, So that you become a people who are a convocation. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
a people who are a convocation ← a convocation of peoples. |
| Gen 28:4 | וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ אֶת־בִּרְכַּ֣ת אַבְרָהָ֔ם לְךָ֖ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ֣ אִתָּ֑ךְ לְרִשְׁתְּךָ֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מְגֻרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְאַבְרָהָֽם׃ |
And may he give the blessing of Abraham To you and to your seed with you So that you inherit the land you are staying in, Which God gave to Abraham.” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
you are staying in ← of your residence. |
| Gen 28:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִצְחָק֙ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ פַּדֶּ֣נָֽה אֲרָ֑ם אֶל־לָבָ֤ן בֶּן־בְּתוּאֵל֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּ֔י אֲחִ֣י רִבְקָ֔ה אֵ֥ם יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְעֵשָֽׂו׃ | Then Isaac sent Jacob off, and he went to Paddan-Aram, to Laban the son of Bethuel the Aramaean, the brother of Rebekah the mother of Jacob and Esau. | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 28:6 | וַיַּ֣רְא עֵשָׂ֗ו כִּֽי־בֵרַ֣ךְ יִצְחָק֮ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒ וְשִׁלַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ פַּדֶּ֣נָֽה אֲרָ֔ם לָקַֽחַת־ל֥וֹ מִשָּׁ֖ם אִשָּׁ֑ה בְּבָרֲכ֣וֹ אֹת֔וֹ וַיְצַ֤ו עָלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֥ח אִשָּׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and had sent him to Paddan-Aram to get himself a wife from there, when he blessed him and commanded him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan”, | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 28:7 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ פַּדֶּ֥נָֽה אֲרָֽם׃ | and that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother and went to Paddan-Aram. | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 28:8 | וַיַּ֣רְא עֵשָׂ֔ו כִּ֥י רָע֖וֹת בְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן בְּעֵינֵ֖י יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִֽיו׃ | And Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan were considered bad in the eyes of Isaac his father, |
Esau's wives: Gen 26:34 Judith d. of Beeri Gen 26:34, Gen 36:3 Bosmath d. of Elon (continued ↴) |
| Gen 28:9 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵ֑אל וַיִּקַּ֡ח אֶֽת־מָחֲלַ֣ת ׀ בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֲח֧וֹת נְבָי֛וֹת עַל־נָשָׁ֖יו ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | so Esau went to Ishmael and took Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael the son of Abraham, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife along with his other wives. |
↳ (continuation) Gen 28:9 Mahalath d. of Ishmael Gen 36:2 Adah d. of Elon Gen 36:2 Aholibamah d. of Anab. Nebaioth: AV= Nebajoth here, but not always for this name. |
| Gen 28:10 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִבְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ חָרָֽנָה׃ | So Jacob went out from Beersheba and went to Haran. | |
| Gen 28:11 | וַיִּפְגַּ֨ע בַּמָּק֜וֹם וַיָּ֤לֶן שָׁם֙ כִּי־בָ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ מֵאַבְנֵ֣י הַמָּק֔וֹם וַיָּ֖שֶׂם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And he arrived at the place and lodged there, because the sun was setting, and he took some of the place's stones and placed them as his pillow, and he lay down in that place. | |
| Gen 28:12 | וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה סֻלָּם֙ מֻצָּ֣ב אַ֔רְצָה וְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ מַגִּ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וְהִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים וְיֹרְדִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃ | And he had a dream, and what he saw was a ladder placed on the earth, whose top reached to heaven, and he also saw angels of God ascending and descending by it. |
what he saw was ← behold.
he also saw ← behold. |
| Gen 28:13 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב עָלָיו֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יךָ וֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ | And behold, the Lord was standing by it, and he said, “I am the Lord God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac. I will give the land on which you are lying to you and to your seed. |
by it: or on it, or by him.
father: i.e. forefather. |
| Gen 28:14 | וְהָיָ֤ה זַרְעֲךָ֙ כַּעֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וּפָרַצְתָּ֛ יָ֥מָּה וָקֵ֖דְמָה וְצָפֹ֣נָה וָנֶ֑גְבָּה וְנִבְרֲכ֥וּ בְךָ֛ כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָ֖ה וּבְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ | And your seed will become as the dust of the earth, and you will forge your way westwards and eastwards, and northwards and southwards, and through you all the families of the earth will be blessed, and through your seed. |
Acts 3:25.
earth ← ground. |
| Gen 28:15 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י עִמָּ֗ךְ וּשְׁמַרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ בְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲשִׁ֣בֹתִ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את כִּ֚י לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱזָבְךָ֔ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ׃ | And look, I am with you, and I will guard you everywhere you go, and I will bring you back to this land, for I will not leave you until I have carried out what I have told you.” | land ← ground. |
| Gen 28:16 | וַיִּיקַ֣ץ יַעֲקֹב֮ מִשְּׁנָתוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָכֵן֙ יֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ | Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “The Lord is certainly in this place, yet I did not know it.” | yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| Gen 28:17 | וַיִּירָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מַה־נּוֹרָ֖א הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֗ה כִּ֚י אִם־בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְזֶ֖ה שַׁ֥עַר הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And he was afraid, and he said, “How fearful this place is. This is nothing but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.” | |
| Gen 28:18 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יַעֲקֹ֜ב בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֹתָ֖הּ מַצֵּבָ֑ה וַיִּצֹ֥ק שֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשָֽׁהּ׃ | Then Jacob got up early in the morning and took the stone which he had placed as his pillow, and he set it up as a pillar and poured oil on top of it. | on top of it ← on its top. |
| Gen 28:19 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם ל֥וּז שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And he called that place Beth-El, but the name of the city was initially Luz. | |
| Gen 28:20 | וַיִּדַּ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב נֶ֣דֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־יִהְיֶ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים עִמָּדִ֗י וּשְׁמָרַ֙נִי֙ בַּדֶּ֤רֶךְ הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָנֹכִ֣י הוֹלֵ֔ךְ וְנָֽתַן־לִ֥י לֶ֛חֶם לֶאֱכֹ֖ל וּבֶ֥גֶד לִלְבֹּֽשׁ׃ | Then Jacob made a vow and said, “If God will be with me and keep me on this way which I am going and give me bread to eat and clothing to wear, |
made ← vowed.
if: this word introduces the protasis of the conditional sentence. The apodosis could theoretically be introduced by several of the vavs in the sentence. We, with AV, take the one translated then in Gen 28:21. |
| Gen 28:21 | וְשַׁבְתִּ֥י בְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וְהָיָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לִ֖י לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | and I return in peace to the house of my father, then the Lord will be my God, | |
| Gen 28:22 | וְהָאֶ֣בֶן הַזֹּ֗את אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֙מְתִּי֙ מַצֵּבָ֔ה יִהְיֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתֶּן־לִ֔י עַשֵּׂ֖ר אֲעַשְּׂרֶ֥נּוּ לָֽךְ׃ | and this stone which I have set up as a pillar will be the house of God, and I will rigorously give you a tenth of everything you give me.” | rigorously give you a tenth: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 29:1 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב רַגְלָ֑יו וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אַ֥רְצָה בְנֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃ | Then Jacob got going and went to the land of the easterners. | got going ← lifted his feet. |
| Gen 29:2 | וַיַּ֞רְא וְהִנֵּ֧ה בְאֵ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּה־שָׁ֞ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶדְרֵי־צֹאן֙ רֹבְצִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֚י מִן־הַבְּאֵ֣ר הַהִ֔וא יַשְׁק֖וּ הָעֲדָרִ֑ים וְהָאֶ֥בֶן גְּדֹלָ֖ה עַל־פִּ֥י הַבְּאֵֽר׃ | And he looked, and what he saw was a well in the field, and there were three flocks of sheep there lying by it, because it was from that well that they gave the flocks to drink, and there was a large stone on the opening of the well. |
what he saw was ← behold.
there were ← behold. a large stone ← the large stone. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 29:3 | וְנֶאֶסְפוּ־שָׁ֣מָּה כָל־הָעֲדָרִ֗ים וְגָלֲל֤וּ אֶת־הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ מֵעַל֙ פִּ֣י הַבְּאֵ֔ר וְהִשְׁק֖וּ אֶת־הַצֹּ֑אן וְהֵשִׁ֧יבוּ אֶת־הָאֶ֛בֶן עַל־פִּ֥י הַבְּאֵ֖ר לִמְקֹמָֽהּ׃ | When all the flocks had gathered there, the shepherds rolled away the stone from the opening of the well and gave the sheep drink, then they put the stone back on the opening of the well in its place. | |
| Gen 29:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב אַחַ֖י מֵאַ֣יִן אַתֶּ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵחָרָ֖ן אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | And Jacob said to them, “My brothers, where are you from?” And they said, “We are from Haran.” | |
| Gen 29:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם הַיְדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־לָבָ֣ן בֶּן־נָח֑וֹר וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יָדָֽעְנוּ׃ | Then he said to them, “Do you know Laban the son of Nahor?” And they said, “Yes, we know him.” | |
| Gen 29:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָהֶ֖ם הֲשָׁל֣וֹם ל֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ שָׁל֔וֹם וְהִנֵּה֙ רָחֵ֣ל בִּתּ֔וֹ בָּאָ֖ה עִם־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | He then said, “Is he well?” And they said, “Yes, he is well. And look, Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep.” |
is he well ← (does he have) peace.
he is well ← (he has) peace. Rachel ← Rahel, with a heth, usually ↴ |
| Gen 29:7 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֵ֥ן עוֹד֙ הַיּ֣וֹם גָּד֔וֹל לֹא־עֵ֖ת הֵאָסֵ֣ף הַמִּקְנֶ֑ה הַשְׁק֥וּ הַצֹּ֖אן וּלְכ֥וּ רְעֽוּ׃ | But he said, “Look, it is still high day. It is not the time for gathering the cattle. Give the sheep drink and go to tend them.” |
↳ transliterated by h, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. But AV has Rahel in Jer 31:15.
for gathering the cattle ← for the cattle being gathered. |
| Gen 29:8 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ לֹ֣א נוּכַל֒ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֲדָרִ֔ים וְגָֽלֲלוּ֙ אֶת־הָאֶ֔בֶן מֵעַ֖ל פִּ֣י הַבְּאֵ֑ר וְהִשְׁקִ֖ינוּ הַצֹּֽאן׃ | They then said, “We can't do that until all the flocks have been gathered, and they roll away the stone on the opening of the well; then we give the sheep drink.” | |
| Gen 29:9 | עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֑ם וְרָחֵ֣ל ׀ בָּ֗אָה עִם־הַצֹּאן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יהָ כִּ֥י רֹעָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ | While he was still speaking with them, Rachel came with the sheep which her father had, for she was a shepherdess. | |
| Gen 29:10 | וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ רָאָ֨ה יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־רָחֵ֗ל בַּת־לָבָן֙ אֲחִ֣י אִמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־צֹ֥אן לָבָ֖ן אֲחִ֣י אִמּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֣שׁ יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַיָּ֤גֶל אֶת־הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ מֵעַל֙ פִּ֣י הַבְּאֵ֔ר וַיַּ֕שְׁקְ אֶת־צֹ֥אן לָבָ֖ן אֲחִ֥י אִמּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass when Jacob saw Rachel, the daughter of Laban his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, that Jacob approached and rolled the stone away from the opening of the well, and he gave drink to the sheep of Laban the brother of his mother. | |
| Gen 29:11 | וַיִּשַּׁ֥ק יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְרָחֵ֑ל וַיִּשָּׂ֥א אֶת־קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃ | Then Jacob kissed Rachel and raised his voice and wept, | |
| Gen 29:12 | וַיַּגֵּ֨ד יַעֲקֹ֜ב לְרָחֵ֗ל כִּ֣י אֲחִ֤י אָבִ֙יהָ֙ ה֔וּא וְכִ֥י בֶן־רִבְקָ֖ה ה֑וּא וַתָּ֖רָץ וַתַּגֵּ֥ד לְאָבִֽיהָ׃ | and when Jacob told Rachel that he was the brother of her father, and that he was Rebekah's son, she ran and told her father. | brother: standing for nephew, as in Gen 14:14. |
| Gen 29:13 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ לָבָ֜ן אֶת־שֵׁ֣מַע ׀ יַעֲקֹ֣ב בֶּן־אֲחֹת֗וֹ וַיָּ֤רָץ לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַיְחַבֶּק־לוֹ֙ וַיְנַשֶּׁק־ל֔וֹ וַיְבִיאֵ֖הוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיְסַפֵּ֣ר לְלָבָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And it came to pass when Laban heard the report of Jacob his sister's son that he ran to meet him and embraced him and kissed him, and he brought him into his house. And he told Laban all these things. | |
| Gen 29:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לָבָ֔ן אַ֛ךְ עַצְמִ֥י וּבְשָׂרִ֖י אָ֑תָּה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב עִמּ֖וֹ חֹ֥דֶשׁ יָמִֽים׃ | Then Laban said to him, “You are simply my bone and my flesh.” And he stayed with him for a full month. |
simply ← only; but; surely.
a full month ← a month of days. |
| Gen 29:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָבָן֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב הֲכִי־אָחִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וַעֲבַדְתַּ֖נִי חִנָּ֑ם הַגִּ֥ידָה לִּ֖י מַה־מַּשְׂכֻּרְתֶּֽךָ׃ | Then Laban said to Jacob, “Are you not my brother? So should you work for nothing? Tell me what your wages should be.” |
are you not: constructed with an interrogative particle pressuring for an answer of yes.
brother: standing for nephew, as in Gen 29:12. |
| Gen 29:16 | וּלְלָבָ֖ן שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֑וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הַגְּדֹלָה֙ לֵאָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַקְּטַנָּ֖ה רָחֵֽל׃ | Now Laban had two daughters. The name of the elder one was Leah and the name of the younger one was Rachel. | |
| Gen 29:17 | וְעֵינֵ֥י לֵאָ֖ה רַכּ֑וֹת וְרָחֵל֙ הָֽיְתָ֔ה יְפַת־תֹּ֖אַר וִיפַ֥ת מַרְאֶֽה׃ | And Leah's eyes were pale, but Rachel was of an attractive figure and beautiful in appearance. | pale ← soft, weak. |
| Gen 29:18 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־רָחֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶֽעֱבָדְךָ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים בְּרָחֵ֥ל בִּתְּךָ֖ הַקְּטַנָּֽה׃ | Now Jacob loved Rachel, and he said, “I will serve you for seven years, for Rachel your younger daughter.” | |
| Gen 29:19 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֗ן ט֚וֹב תִּתִּ֣י אֹתָ֣הּ לָ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר שְׁבָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי׃ | And Laban said, “It is better that I give her to you than that I give her to another man. Remain with me.” | |
| Gen 29:20 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ד יַעֲקֹ֛ב בְּרָחֵ֖ל שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְעֵינָיו֙ כְּיָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֔ים בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹ אֹתָֽהּ׃ | So Jacob worked for seven years for Rachel, and they were only like a few days in his sight, with his love for her. | |
| Gen 29:21 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֤ב אֶל־לָבָן֙ הָבָ֣ה אֶת־אִשְׁתִּ֔י כִּ֥י מָלְא֖וּ יָמָ֑י וְאָב֖וֹאָה אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Jacob said to Laban, “Give me my wife, for my days have been fulfilled, so that I may go in to her.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 29:22 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף לָבָ֛ן אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | Then Laban gathered all the men of the place and gave a banquet. | gave ← made. |
| Gen 29:23 | וַיְהִ֣י בָעֶ֔רֶב וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־לֵאָ֣ה בִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אֵלָ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | And it came to pass in the evening that he took Leah his daughter and brought her to him, and he went in to her. | |
| Gen 29:24 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לָ֔הּ אֶת־זִלְפָּ֖ה שִׁפְחָת֑וֹ לְלֵאָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ שִׁפְחָֽה׃ | And Laban had given her Zilpah his maidservant – to Leah his daughter, as a maidservant. | |
| Gen 29:25 | וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּה־הִ֖וא לֵאָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־לָבָ֗ן מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֔י הֲלֹ֤א בְרָחֵל֙ עָבַ֣דְתִּי עִמָּ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה רִמִּיתָֽנִי׃ | Then it transpired in the morning that she was in fact Leah. And he said to Laban, “What is this you have done to me? Did I not work for you for Rachel? So why have you deceived me?” | she was in fact ← behold she (was). |
| Gen 29:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בִּמְקוֹמֵ֑נוּ לָתֵ֥ת הַצְּעִירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַבְּכִירָֽה׃ | To which Laban said, “It is not done like that in our place, to give the younger before the firstborn. | to which: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 29:27 | מַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את וְנִתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ גַּם־אֶת־זֹ֗את בַּעֲבֹדָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמָּדִ֔י ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃ | Fulfil seven years and we will give you her as well in return for the work you will do for me, for another seven years besides.” |
seven years ← a week of this.
we will give you her: or, as niphal, she will be given [Ges-HG] §121b. Others read the first “seven” as referring to a ↴ |
| Gen 29:28 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יַעֲקֹב֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיְמַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־רָחֵ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | So Jacob did so, and he fulfilled these seven years for her, and he gave him Rachel his daughter as his wife. | ↳ bridal week (of days), so that Jacob is given Rachel a week after he is given Leah, after which he fulfils the seven years. Compare Judg 14:12-18. But here ↴ |
| Gen 29:29 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לְרָחֵ֣ל בִּתּ֔וֹ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֖ה שִׁפְחָת֑וֹ לָ֖הּ לְשִׁפְחָֽה׃ | Then Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his maidservant, as a maidservant for her. | ↳ the injunction for Jacob to fulfil another seven years (explicitly years ending v.27) is immediately followed by vav consecutive forms: so Jacob did so, and he fulfilled ... and he (Laban) gave, which ↴ |
| Gen 29:30 | וַיָּבֹא֙ גַּ֣ם אֶל־רָחֵ֔ל וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב גַּֽם־אֶת־רָחֵ֖ל מִלֵּאָ֑ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמּ֔וֹ ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃ | And he also went in to Rachel, and he loved Rachel too, more than Leah, and he worked another seven years besides for him. | ↳ implies Jacob's fulfilling was prior to Laban's giving. A consequence is that Leah was childless for seven years, but we have here God very explicitly ↴ |
| Gen 29:31 | וַיַּ֤רְא יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־שְׂנוּאָ֣ה לֵאָ֔ה וַיִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת־רַחְמָ֑הּ וְרָחֵ֖ל עֲקָרָֽה׃ | Now when the Lord saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren. | ↳ determining when wombs are closed and opened. We also feel that Laban was not the kind of man to give Rachel “on credit”. |
| Gen 29:32 | וַתַּ֤הַר לֵאָה֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ רְאוּבֵ֑ן כִּ֣י אָֽמְרָ֗ה כִּֽי־רָאָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּעָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה יֶאֱהָבַ֥נִי אִישִֽׁי׃ | And Leah conceived and bore a son, and she called him Reuben, for, she said, “Because the Lord has considered my affliction, for now my husband will love me.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
Reuben ← see a son. |
| Gen 29:33 | וַתַּ֣הַר עוֹד֮ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּן֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־שְׂנוּאָ֣ה אָנֹ֔כִי וַיִּתֶּן־לִ֖י גַּם־אֶת־זֶ֑ה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | And she conceived again and bore a son, and she said, “Because the Lord has heard that I am hated, and he has given me this one too.” And she called him Simeon. |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
Simeon ← Shim'on, meaning hearing, with a closed first syllable and a shin, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Gen 29:34 | וַתַּ֣הַר עוֹד֮ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּן֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר עַתָּ֤ה הַפַּ֙עַם֙ יִלָּוֶ֤ה אִישִׁי֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי ל֖וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה בָנִ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ לֵוִֽי׃ | And she conceived again and bore a son, and she said, “Now this time my husband will bond with me because I have borne him three sons”, which is why she called him Levi. |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
bond ← be joined. Levi ← adhesion. |
| Gen 29:35 | וַתַּ֨הַר ע֜וֹד וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפַּ֙עַם֙ אוֹדֶ֣ה אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרְאָ֥ה שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד מִלֶּֽדֶת׃ | And she conceived again and bore a son, and she said, “This time I will thank the Lord”, which is why she called him Judah. Then she stopped bearing. |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
Judah ← Jehudah, meaning thanked. |
| Gen 30:1 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא רָחֵ֗ל כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָֽלְדָה֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וַתְּקַנֵּ֥א רָחֵ֖ל בַּאֲחֹתָ֑הּ וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹב֙ הָֽבָה־לִּ֣י בָנִ֔ים וְאִם־אַ֖יִן מֵתָ֥ה אָנֹֽכִי׃ | And Rachel saw that she had not borne to Jacob, and Rachel became jealous of her sister, and she said to Jacob, “Give me sons, and if there aren't any, I am dead.” | |
| Gen 30:2 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּרָחֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲתַ֤חַת אֱלֹהִים֙ אָנֹ֔כִי אֲשֶׁר־מָנַ֥ע מִמֵּ֖ךְ פְּרִי־בָֽטֶן׃ | At this Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel, and he said, “Am I in place of God, who has held back fruit of the womb from you?” | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 30:3 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֛ה אֲמָתִ֥י בִלְהָ֖ה בֹּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְתֵלֵד֙ עַל־בִּרְכַּ֔י וְאִבָּנֶ֥ה גַם־אָנֹכִ֖י מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | Then she said, “Look, here is my maidservant Bilhah. Go in to her, and she shall bear on my knees, and I too will obtain sons through her.” | obtain sons ← be built. The word for son is from the same root as to build (בנה). |
| Gen 30:4 | וַתִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֥ה שִׁפְחָתָ֖הּ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And she gave him Bilhah her maidservant as a wife, and Jacob went in to her, | |
| Gen 30:5 | וַתַּ֣הַר בִּלְהָ֔ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב בֵּֽן׃ | and Bilhah conceived and bore Jacob a son. | |
| Gen 30:6 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רָחֵל֙ דָּנַ֣נִּי אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְגַם֙ שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלִ֔י וַיִּתֶּן־לִ֖י בֵּ֑ן עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרְאָ֥ה שְׁמ֖וֹ דָּֽן׃ | And Rachel said, “God has judged me and also heard my voice and given me a son”, which is why she called him Dan. |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
Dan ← judge. |
| Gen 30:7 | וַתַּ֣הַר ע֔וֹד וַתֵּ֕לֶד בִּלְהָ֖ה שִׁפְחַ֣ת רָחֵ֑ל בֵּ֥ן שֵׁנִ֖י לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | Then Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant, conceived again and bore a second son to Jacob. | |
| Gen 30:8 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר רָחֵ֗ל נַפְתּוּלֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ נִפְתַּ֛לְתִּי עִם־אֲחֹתִ֖י גַּם־יָכֹ֑לְתִּי וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ | And Rachel said, “I have wrestled with mighty wrestlings with my sister, and I have also prevailed”, so she called him Naphtali. |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
mighty wrestlings ← wrestlings of God, but this is an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6. Naphtali ← my wrestling. |
| Gen 30:9 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא לֵאָ֔ה כִּ֥י עָמְדָ֖ה מִלֶּ֑דֶת וַתִּקַּח֙ אֶת־זִלְפָּ֣ה שִׁפְחָתָ֔הּ וַתִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛הּ לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then when Leah saw that she had stopped bearing, she took Zilpah her maidservant and gave her to Jacob as a wife. | |
| Gen 30:10 | וַתֵּ֗לֶד זִלְפָּ֛ה שִׁפְחַ֥ת לֵאָ֖ה לְיַעֲקֹ֥ב בֵּֽן׃ | And Zilpah, Leah's maidservant, bore Jacob a son. | |
| Gen 30:11 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לֵאָ֖ה *בגד **בָּ֣א **גָ֑ד וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ גָּֽד׃ | And Leah said, “{K:This is by good fortune} [Q:Good fortune has come].” And she called him Gad. |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
good fortune (ketiv / qeré): AV differs (troop), a word derived from the same, or a homonymic, root (גדד). |
| Gen 30:12 | וַתֵּ֗לֶד זִלְפָּה֙ שִׁפְחַ֣ת לֵאָ֔ה בֵּ֥ן שֵׁנִ֖י לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | Then Zilpah, Leah's maidservant, bore a second son to Jacob. | |
| Gen 30:13 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֔ה בְּאָשְׁרִ֕י כִּ֥י אִשְּׁר֖וּנִי בָּנ֑וֹת וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אָשֵֽׁר׃ | And Leah said, “This is with my happiness, for the daughters will pronounce me happy.” And she called him Asher. |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
Asher ← happy. |
| Gen 30:14 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ רְאוּבֵ֜ן בִּימֵ֣י קְצִיר־חִטִּ֗ים וַיִּמְצָ֤א דֽוּדָאִים֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיָּבֵ֣א אֹתָ֔ם אֶל־לֵאָ֖ה אִמּ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רָחֵל֙ אֶל־לֵאָ֔ה תְּנִי־נָ֣א לִ֔י מִדּוּדָאֵ֖י בְּנֵֽךְ׃ | Now Reuben went out in the days of the wheat harvest and found some mandrakes in a field and brought them to Leah his mother. And Rachel said to Leah, “Please give me some of your son's mandrakes.” | |
| Gen 30:15 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הַמְעַט֙ קַחְתֵּ֣ךְ אֶת־אִישִׁ֔י וְלָקַ֕חַת גַּ֥ם אֶת־דּוּדָאֵ֖י בְּנִ֑י וַתֹּ֣אמֶר רָחֵ֗ל לָכֵן֙ יִשְׁכַּ֤ב עִמָּךְ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה תַּ֖חַת דּוּדָאֵ֥י בְנֵֽךְ׃ | But she said to her, “Is it a small thing that you should take my husband and then take my son's mandrakes too?” And Rachel said, “Here is why he will lie with you tonight: in return for your son's mandrakes.” | |
| Gen 30:16 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יַעֲקֹ֣ב מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֮ בָּעֶרֶב֒ וַתֵּצֵ֨א לֵאָ֜ה לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵלַ֣י תָּב֔וֹא כִּ֚י שָׂכֹ֣ר שְׂכַרְתִּ֔יךָ בְּדוּדָאֵ֖י בְּנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב עִמָּ֖הּ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃ | Then Jacob came back from the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and she said, “You will go in to me, for I have expressly hired you with my son's mandrakes.” And he lay with her that night. | expressly hired: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 30:17 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־לֵאָ֑ה וַתַּ֛הַר וַתֵּ֥לֶד לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב בֵּ֥ן חֲמִישִֽׁי׃ | And God hearkened to Leah, and she conceived and bore Jacob her fifth son. | |
| Gen 30:18 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן אֱלֹהִים֙ שְׂכָרִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי שִׁפְחָתִ֖י לְאִישִׁ֑י וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יִשָּׂשכָֽר׃ | And Leah said, “God has given me my hire, because I gave my maidservant to my husband.” And she called him Issachar. |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
Issachar ← hired, or obtained by hire. |
| Gen 30:19 | וַתַּ֤הַר עוֹד֙ לֵאָ֔ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּן־שִׁשִּׁ֖י לְּיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | Then Leah conceived again, and she bore her sixth son to Jacob. | |
| Gen 30:20 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֗ה זְבָדַ֨נִי אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֹתִי֮ זֵ֣בֶד טוֹב֒ הַפַּ֙עַם֙ יִזְבְּלֵ֣נִי אִישִׁ֔י כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי ל֖וֹ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ זְבֻלֽוּן׃ | And Leah said, “God has endowed me with a good dowry. This time my husband will dwell with me because I have borne him six sons.” And she called him Zebulun. |
|| 1 Chr 2:1.
Zebulun ← dwelling. |
| Gen 30:21 | וְאַחַ֖ר יָ֣לְדָה בַּ֑ת וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ דִּינָֽה׃ | And after that she bore a daughter, whom she called Dinah. | Dinah ← judged. |
| Gen 30:22 | וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־רָחֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת־רַחְמָֽהּ׃ | Then God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her and opened her womb. | |
| Gen 30:23 | וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר אָסַ֥ף אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־חֶרְפָּתִֽי׃ | And she conceived and bore a son, and she said, “God has taken my reproach away.” | |
| Gen 30:24 | וַתִּקְרָ֧א אֶת־שְׁמ֛וֹ יוֹסֵ֖ף לֵאמֹ֑ר יֹסֵ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה לִ֖י בֵּ֥ן אַחֵֽר׃ | And she called him Joseph, and she said, “The Lord will add another son to me.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
Joseph ← may he add. The added son is Benjamin (Gen 35:18). |
| Gen 30:25 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָלְדָ֥ה רָחֵ֖ל אֶת־יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־לָבָ֔ן שַׁלְּחֵ֙נִי֙ וְאֵ֣לְכָ֔ה אֶל־מְקוֹמִ֖י וּלְאַרְצִֽי׃ | And it came to pass, when Rachel bore Joseph, that Jacob said to Laban, “Send me off, and I will go to my place and my land. | |
| Gen 30:26 | תְּנָ֞ה אֶת־נָשַׁ֣י וְאֶת־יְלָדַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבַ֧דְתִּי אֹֽתְךָ֛ בָּהֵ֖ן וְאֵלֵ֑כָה כִּ֚י אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֶת־עֲבֹדָתִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲבַדְתִּֽיךָ׃ | Give me my wives and my children for whom I worked for you, and I will go, for you know the work I did for you.” | |
| Gen 30:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ לָבָ֔ן אִם־נָ֛א מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ נִחַ֕שְׁתִּי וַיְבָרֲכֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה בִּגְלָלֶֽךָ׃ | Then Laban said to him, “If now I have found grace in your eyes, stay, for I have observed how the Lord has blessed me because of you.” | observed: or divined. |
| Gen 30:28 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נָקְבָ֧ה שְׂכָרְךָ֛ עָלַ֖י וְאֶתֵּֽנָה׃ | Then he said, “Specify your wages to me, and I will give them.” | |
| Gen 30:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲבַדְתִּ֑יךָ וְאֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה מִקְנְךָ֖ אִתִּֽי׃ | And he said to him, “You know how I have worked for you, and how your cattle was with me. | |
| Gen 30:30 | כִּ֡י מְעַט֩ אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֨ה לְךָ֤ לְפָנַי֙ וַיִּפְרֹ֣ץ לָרֹ֔ב וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֹתְךָ֖ לְרַגְלִ֑י וְעַתָּ֗ה מָתַ֛י אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה גַם־אָנֹכִ֖י לְבֵיתִֽי׃ | For it was little that you had before my time, but it increased greatly, and the Lord blessed you in my tracks, but now, when will I for my part gain anything for my household?” |
increased greatly ← burst forth to the abundance.
tracks ← foot. for my part ← also. gain ← do, make, acquire. |
| Gen 30:31 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מָ֣ה אֶתֶּן־לָ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לֹא־תִתֶּן־לִ֣י מְא֔וּמָה אִם־תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּי֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אָשׁ֛וּבָה אֶרְעֶ֥ה צֹֽאנְךָ֖ אֶשְׁמֹֽר׃ | Then he said, “What shall I give you.” And Jacob said, “Don't give me anything except do this thing for me, and I will again tend your sheep and guard them: | |
| Gen 30:32 | אֶֽעֱבֹ֨ר בְּכָל־צֹֽאנְךָ֜ הַיּ֗וֹם הָסֵ֨ר מִשָּׁ֜ם כָּל־שֶׂ֣ה ׀ נָקֹ֣ד וְטָל֗וּא וְכָל־שֶׂה־חוּם֙ בַּכְּשָׂבִ֔ים וְטָל֥וּא וְנָקֹ֖ד בָּעִזִּ֑ים וְהָיָ֖ה שְׂכָרִֽי׃ | I will go through all your small cattle today, removing from them all the speckled and spotted sheep, and all the brown sheep among the lambs, and the spotted and speckled ones among the goats, and they will be my wages. |
from them ← from there.
they ← it. |
| Gen 30:33 | וְעָֽנְתָה־בִּ֤י צִדְקָתִי֙ בְּי֣וֹם מָחָ֔ר כִּֽי־תָב֥וֹא עַל־שְׂכָרִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־אֵינֶנּוּ֩ נָקֹ֨ד וְטָל֜וּא בָּֽעִזִּ֗ים וְחוּם֙ בַּכְּשָׂבִ֔ים גָּנ֥וּב ה֖וּא אִתִּֽי׃ | And what is my right will give its testimony to me in the future, when it comes before you concerning my wages. Everything that is not speckled or spotted among the goats, or brown among the lambs, will be considered stolen by me.” |
in the future ← on the day of tomorrow.
by me ← with me. |
| Gen 30:34 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָבָ֖ן הֵ֑ן ל֖וּ יְהִ֥י כִדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ | To this Laban said, “Agreed. Let it be according to your word.” |
to this: wider use of the vav.
agreed ← behold. let it be ← if (only) it may be. |
| Gen 30:35 | וַיָּ֣סַר בַּיּוֹם֩ הַה֨וּא אֶת־הַתְּיָשִׁ֜ים הָֽעֲקֻדִּ֣ים וְהַטְּלֻאִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הָֽעִזִּים֙ הַנְּקֻדּ֣וֹת וְהַטְּלֻאֹ֔ת כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־לָבָן֙ בּ֔וֹ וְכָל־ח֖וּם בַּכְּשָׂבִ֑ים וַיִּתֵּ֖ן בְּיַד־בָּנָֽיו׃ | Then on that day he removed the striped and spotted he-goats, and all the speckled and spotted she-goats, and every one that had some white on it, and all brown ones among the lambs, and he put them under his sons' care. |
he removed: i.e. Laban removed.
under his sons' care ← in his sons' hand. |
| Gen 30:36 | וַיָּ֗שֶׂם דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים בֵּינ֖וֹ וּבֵ֣ין יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְיַעֲקֹ֗ב רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֥אן לָבָ֖ן הַנּוֹתָרֹֽת׃ | Then he fixed a distance of three days' journey between himself and Jacob, while Jacob tended Laban's sheep which were left over. | distance ← way. |
| Gen 30:37 | וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֣וֹ יַעֲקֹ֗ב מַקַּ֥ל לִבְנֶ֛ה לַ֖ח וְל֣וּז וְעֶרְמ֑וֹן וַיְפַצֵּ֤ל בָּהֵן֙ פְּצָל֣וֹת לְבָנ֔וֹת מַחְשֹׂף֙ הַלָּבָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמַּקְלֽוֹת׃ | Then Jacob got himself a moist white-poplar rod, and an almond tree one, and a plane tree one, and he peeled off the white strippings from them, making the white part on the rods bare. | from them ← on them. |
| Gen 30:38 | וַיַּצֵּ֗ג אֶת־הַמַּקְלוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּצֵּ֔ל בָּרֳהָטִ֖ים בְּשִֽׁקֲת֣וֹת הַמָּ֑יִם אֲשֶׁר֩ תָּבֹ֨אןָ הַצֹּ֤אן לִשְׁתּוֹת֙ לְנֹ֣כַח הַצֹּ֔אן וַיֵּחַ֖מְנָה בְּבֹאָ֥ן לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | And he placed the rods which he had peeled in the channels, in the water-troughs, where the sheep came to drink, in front of the sheep, so that they would become ruttish when they came to drink. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
would become ruttish ← would be heated; compare the English on heat. |
| Gen 30:39 | וַיֶּחֱמ֥וּ הַצֹּ֖אן אֶל־הַמַּקְל֑וֹת וַתֵּלַ֣דְןָ הַצֹּ֔אן עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּטְלֻאִֽים׃ | So the sheep became ruttish at the rods, and the sheep gave birth to striped and speckled and spotted young. | |
| Gen 30:40 | וְהַכְּשָׂבִים֮ הִפְרִ֣יד יַעֲקֹב֒ וַ֠יִּתֵּן פְּנֵ֨י הַצֹּ֧אן אֶל־עָקֹ֛ד וְכָל־ח֖וּם בְּצֹ֣אן לָבָ֑ן וַיָּֽשֶׁת־ל֤וֹ עֲדָרִים֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שָׁתָ֖ם עַל־צֹ֥אן לָבָֽן׃ | And Jacob separated the lambs, and he matched the sheep with a view to striped young, and he matched all the brown ones with white sheep, and he put his own flocks on their own, and he did not put them with Laban's sheep. |
matched ← put the faces of.
white: AV differs (Laban), taking the Hebrew word as a name, but Jacob is aiming for striped young from a white and a brown parent. |
| Gen 30:41 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּכָל־יַחֵם֮ הַצֹּ֣אן הַמְקֻשָּׁרוֹת֒ וְשָׂ֨ם יַעֲקֹ֧ב אֶת־הַמַּקְל֛וֹת לְעֵינֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן בָּרֳהָטִ֑ים לְיַחְמֵ֖נָּה בַּמַּקְלֽוֹת׃ | And it came to pass, whenever the strong sheep were to become ruttish, that Jacob put the rods before the eyes of the sheep in the channels, for them to become ruttish by the rods. | |
| Gen 30:42 | וּבְהַעֲטִ֥יף הַצֹּ֖אן לֹ֣א יָשִׂ֑ים וְהָיָ֤ה הָעֲטֻפִים֙ לְלָבָ֔ן וְהַקְּשֻׁרִ֖ים לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | But with the sheep that were weak, he did not put them out, and the weak sheep were for Laban and the strong ones for Jacob. | |
| Gen 30:43 | וַיִּפְרֹ֥ץ הָאִ֖ישׁ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַֽיְהִי־לוֹ֙ צֹ֣אן רַבּ֔וֹת וּשְׁפָחוֹת֙ וַעֲבָדִ֔ים וּגְמַלִּ֖ים וַחֲמֹרִֽים׃ | So the man gained wealth most exceedingly, and he acquired many sheep and maidservants and menservants and camels and donkeys. | |
| Gen 31:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י בְנֵֽי־לָבָן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָקַ֣ח יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֑ינוּ וּמֵאֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔ינוּ עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַכָּבֹ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then he heard the words of Laban's sons, who said, “Jacob has taken everything that our father had, and he has acquired all this glory from what our father had.” | acquired ← made. |
| Gen 31:2 | וַיַּ֥רְא יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י לָבָ֑ן וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נּוּ עִמּ֖וֹ כִּתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | And when Jacob saw Laban's face, it was clear that he was not favourable to him as he had been in the past. |
it was clear that he was ← behold.
favourable to him ← with him. in the past ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Gen 31:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֔ב שׁ֛וּב אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ אֲבוֹתֶ֖יךָ וּלְמוֹלַדְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאֶֽהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And the Lord said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers and to your native land, and I will be with you.” | |
| Gen 31:4 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יַעֲקֹ֔ב וַיִּקְרָ֖א לְרָחֵ֣ל וּלְלֵאָ֑ה הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה אֶל־צֹאנֽוֹ׃ | Then Jacob sent a messenger and called for Rachel and Leah to come to the field, to his sheep. | |
| Gen 31:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ן רֹאֶ֤ה אָנֹכִי֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י אֲבִיכֶ֔ן כִּֽי־אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֵלַ֖י כִּתְמֹ֣ל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י הָיָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי׃ | And he said to them, “I can see from your father's face that he is not favourable to me, as in the past, but the God of my father has been with me. | in the past ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Gen 31:6 | וְאַתֵּ֖נָה יְדַעְתֶּ֑ן כִּ֚י בְּכָל־כֹּחִ֔י עָבַ֖דְתִּי אֶת־אֲבִיכֶֽן׃ | And you know that I have served your father with all my might, | |
| Gen 31:7 | וַאֲבִיכֶן֙ הֵ֣תֶל בִּ֔י וְהֶחֱלִ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת מֹנִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־נְתָנ֣וֹ אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהָרַ֖ע עִמָּדִֽי׃ | but your father deceived me and changed my wages ten times, but God has not allowed him to be to my detriment. | to be to my detriment ← to do harm with me. |
| Gen 31:8 | אִם־כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֗ר נְקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔ךָ וְיָלְד֥וּ כָל־הַצֹּ֖אן נְקֻדִּ֑ים וְאִם־כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֗ר עֲקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔ךָ וְיָלְד֥וּ כָל־הַצֹּ֖אן עֲקֻדִּֽים׃ | If he said this: ‘Your wages will be the speckled ones’, then all the small cattle gave birth to speckled ones, and if he said this: ‘Your wages will be the striped ones’, then all the small cattle gave birth to striped ones. | this (2x) ← thus. |
| Gen 31:9 | וַיַּצֵּ֧ל אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־מִקְנֵ֥ה אֲבִיכֶ֖ם וַיִּתֶּן־לִֽי׃ | So God delivered your father's cattle and gave it to me. | |
| Gen 31:10 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֵת֙ יַחֵ֣ם הַצֹּ֔אן וָאֶשָּׂ֥א עֵינַ֛י וָאֵ֖רֶא בַּחֲל֑וֹם וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָֽעַתֻּדִים֙ הָעֹלִ֣ים עַל־הַצֹּ֔אן עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּבְרֻדִּֽים׃ | And it came to pass at the time of the small cattle becoming ruttish that I lifted up my eyes and saw in a dream, and what I saw was that the he-goats mounting the flock were striped, speckled and dappled. | what I saw was that ← behold. |
| Gen 31:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלַ֜י מַלְאַ֧ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים בַּחֲל֖וֹם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וָאֹמַ֖ר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And the angel of God said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob’, and I said, ‘Here I am.’ | here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 31:12 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שָׂא־נָ֨א עֵינֶ֤יךָ וּרְאֵה֙ כָּל־הָֽעַתֻּדִים֙ הָעֹלִ֣ים עַל־הַצֹּ֔אן עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּבְרֻדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י רָאִ֔יתִי אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָבָ֖ן עֹ֥שֶׂה לָּֽךְ׃ | And he said, ‘Lift up your eyes now and look. All the he-goats mounting the flock are striped, speckled and dappled, for I have seen everything that Laban is doing to you. | |
| Gen 31:13 | אָנֹכִ֤י הָאֵל֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָשַׁ֤חְתָּ שָּׁם֙ מַצֵּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֥רְתָּ לִּ֛י שָׁ֖ם נֶ֑דֶר עַתָּ֗ה ק֥וּם צֵא֙ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וְשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ מוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ׃ | I am the God of Beth-El where you anointed a pillar – where you made a vow to me. Now arise and depart from this land and return to your native land.’ ” | made a vow ← vowed a vow. |
| Gen 31:14 | וַתַּ֤עַן רָחֵל֙ וְלֵאָ֔ה וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה ל֑וֹ הַע֥וֹד לָ֛נוּ חֵ֥לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֖ה בְּבֵ֥ית אָבִֽינוּ׃ | Then Rachel and Leah answered and said to him, “Do we still have a portion or inheritance in our father's house? | |
| Gen 31:15 | הֲל֧וֹא נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת נֶחְשַׁ֥בְנוּ ל֖וֹ כִּ֣י מְכָרָ֑נוּ וַיֹּ֥אכַל גַּם־אָכ֖וֹל אֶת־כַּסְפֵּֽנוּ׃ | Aren't we considered foreigners to him, for he has sold us and has completely spent our money. | completely spent ← devoured also to devour, infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 31:16 | כִּ֣י כָל־הָעֹ֗שֶׁר אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּ֤יל אֱלֹהִים֙ מֵֽאָבִ֔ינוּ לָ֥נוּ ה֖וּא וּלְבָנֵ֑ינוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֧ר אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֲשֵֽׂה׃ | But all the wealth which God has transferred from our father is ours and our sons', so now, do everything which God said to you.” | |
| Gen 31:17 | וַיָּ֖קָם יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיִּשָּׂ֛א אֶת־בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶת־נָשָׁ֖יו עַל־הַגְּמַלִּֽים׃ | So Jacob arose and lifted his sons and his wives onto the camels. | |
| Gen 31:18 | וַיִּנְהַ֣ג אֶת־כָּל־מִקְנֵ֗הוּ וְאֶת־כָּל־רְכֻשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָכָ֔שׁ מִקְנֵה֙ קִנְיָנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָכַ֖שׁ בְּפַדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֑ם לָב֛וֹא אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And he drove all his cattle and all his property that he had acquired – his acquisition of cattle which he acquired in Paddan-Aram – so as to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan. |
acquisition of cattle ← cattle of acquisition.
Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. in the land ← to the land. |
| Gen 31:19 | וְלָבָ֣ן הָלַ֔ךְ לִגְזֹ֖ז אֶת־צֹאנ֑וֹ וַתִּגְנֹ֣ב רָחֵ֔ל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאָבִֽיהָ׃ | Now when Laban went to shear his sheep, Rachel stole the amulets which belonged to her father. | amulets: or talismans, or teraphim. |
| Gen 31:20 | וַיִּגְנֹ֣ב יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶת־לֵ֥ב לָבָ֖ן הָאֲרַמִּ֑י עַל־בְּלִי֙ הִגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י בֹרֵ֖חַ הֽוּא׃ | Then Jacob broke Laban the Aramaean's heart by not telling him that he was fleeing. | broke ← stole. |
| Gen 31:21 | וַיִּבְרַ֥ח הוּא֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וַיָּ֖קָם וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת־הַנָּהָ֑ר וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו הַ֥ר הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | So he fled, with all that were his, and he arose and crossed the river and made for Mount Gilead. |
made for ← set his face.
Gilead ← the Gil'ad, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. AV sometimes has an “e” that could be explained by ↴ |
| Gen 31:22 | וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְלָבָ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And it was reported to Laban on the third day that Jacob had fled, | ↳ a guttural (aleph) or pharyngeal (ayin), but AV accepts the closed syllable without an “e” in, e.g., Ex 6:17, Josh 19:41, Judg 20:45, 1 Chr 4:37. So we take AV's “e” as an incorrect mobile shewa. |
| Gen 31:23 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־אֶחָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּרְדֹּ֣ף אַחֲרָ֔יו דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וַיַּדְבֵּ֥ק אֹת֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | at which he took his brothers with him and pursued him on a journey of seven days, and he caught up with him at Mount Gilead. |
at which: wider use of the vav.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Gen 31:24 | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־לָבָ֥ן הָאֲרַמִּ֖י בַּחֲלֹ֣ם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִשָּׁ֧מֶר לְךָ֛ פֶּן־תְּדַבֵּ֥ר עִֽם־יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִטּ֥וֹב עַד־רָֽע׃ | Then God came to Laban the Aramaean in a dream at night and said to him, “Be careful in speaking with Jacob, whether what you say is good or bad.” |
at night: or that night.
in speaking: or not to speak. whether what you say is good or bad ← from good to bad. |
| Gen 31:25 | וַיַּשֵּׂ֥ג לָבָ֖ן אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְיַעֲקֹ֗ב תָּקַ֤ע אֶֽת־אָהֳלוֹ֙ בָּהָ֔ר וְלָבָ֛ן תָּקַ֥ע אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent at the mountain, and Laban pitched his with his brothers, at Mount Gilead. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Gen 31:26 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָבָן֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ וַתִּגְנֹ֖ב אֶת־לְבָבִ֑י וַתְּנַהֵג֙ אֶת־בְּנֹתַ֔י כִּשְׁבֻי֖וֹת חָֽרֶב׃ | And Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done, breaking my heart by making off with my daughters like captives of the sword? | breaking ← stealing. Gerundial use of the indicative (also by making off). |
| Gen 31:27 | לָ֤מָּה נַחְבֵּ֙אתָ֙ לִבְרֹ֔חַ וַתִּגְנֹ֖ב אֹתִ֑י וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י וָֽאֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ֛ בְּשִׂמְחָ֥ה וּבְשִׁרִ֖ים בְּתֹ֥ף וּבְכִנּֽוֹר׃ | Why did you flee secretly and act furtively towards me and not tell me, so that I could send you off in joy and with songs and with drum- and harp-music? |
did you flee secretly ← were you hidden in fleeing.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 31:28 | וְלֹ֣א נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק לְבָנַ֖י וְלִבְנֹתָ֑י עַתָּ֖ה הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ עֲשֽׂוֹ׃ | And you did not let me kiss my sons and daughters. Now you have acted foolishly in so doing. | sons and daughters: standing for grandsons and granddaughters. |
| Gen 31:29 | יֶשׁ־לְאֵ֣ל יָדִ֔י לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עִמָּכֶ֖ם רָ֑ע וֵֽאלֹהֵ֨י אֲבִיכֶ֜ם אֶ֣מֶשׁ ׀ אָמַ֧ר אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֗ר הִשָּׁ֧מֶר לְךָ֛ מִדַּבֵּ֥ר עִֽם־יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִטּ֥וֹב עַד־רָֽע׃ | It is in my power to do you harm, but the God of your father spoke to me last night and said, ‘Take care in speaking good or bad with Jacob.’ |
my power ← the power of my hand.
in speaking: or not to speak. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 31:30 | וְעַתָּה֙ הָלֹ֣ךְ הָלַ֔כְתָּ כִּֽי־נִכְסֹ֥ף נִכְסַ֖פְתָּה לְבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ לָ֥מָּה גָנַ֖בְתָּ אֶת־אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | But as it is, you have gone off without more ado, because you really longed for your father's household. But why have you stolen my gods?” |
you have gone off without more ado ← to go you have gone, infinitive absolute.
you really longed for: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 31:31 | וַיַּ֥עַן יַעֲקֹ֖ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְלָבָ֑ן כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔אתִי כִּ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי פֶּן־תִּגְזֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֖יךָ מֵעִמִּֽי׃ | Then Jacob answered and said to Laban, “I fled secretly because I was afraid, for I said to myself, ‘I'll flee so that you don't snatch away your daughters from me.’ | |
| Gen 31:32 | עִ֠ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֣א אֶת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶה֒ נֶ֣גֶד אַחֵ֧ינוּ הַֽכֶּר־לְךָ֛ מָ֥ה עִמָּדִ֖י וְקַֽח־לָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י רָחֵ֖ל גְּנָבָֽתַם׃ | Whoever you find your gods with shall not live. Ascertain for yourself before our brothers what I have here and take what is yours.” Now Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them. | whoever: or whomever. |
| Gen 31:33 | וַיָּבֹ֨א לָבָ֜ן בְּאֹ֥הֶל יַעֲקֹ֣ב ׀ וּבְאֹ֣הֶל לֵאָ֗ה וּבְאֹ֛הֶל שְׁתֵּ֥י הָאֲמָהֹ֖ת וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑א וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵאֹ֣הֶל לֵאָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א בְּאֹ֥הֶל רָחֵֽל׃ | And Laban went into Jacob's tent, and into Leah's tent, and into the tent of the two maidservants, but he did not find anything. Then he came out of Leah's tent and went into Rachel's tent. | |
| Gen 31:34 | וְרָחֵ֞ל לָקְחָ֣ה אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֗ים וַתְּשִׂמֵ֛ם בְּכַ֥ר הַגָּמָ֖ל וַתֵּ֣שֶׁב עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיְמַשֵּׁ֥שׁ לָבָ֛ן אֶת־כָּל־הָאֹ֖הֶל וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽא׃ | Now Rachel had taken the amulets and put them in the saddle of the camel, and she sat on them, and Laban rummaged through the whole tent, but he did not find them. | amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Gen 31:35 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־אָבִ֗יהָ אַל־יִ֙חַר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י כִּ֣י ל֤וֹא אוּכַל֙ לָק֣וּם מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ כִּי־דֶ֥רֶךְ נָשִׁ֖ים לִ֑י וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ וְלֹ֥א מָצָ֖א אֶת־הַתְּרָפִֽים׃ | And she said to her father, “Do not let my lord be angry because I cannot rise in your presence, for it is the way of women with me.” And he searched, but he did not find the amulets. |
do not let my lord be angry ← do not let it kindle in the eyes of my lord.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Gen 31:36 | וַיִּ֥חַר לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב וַיָּ֣רֶב בְּלָבָ֑ן וַיַּ֤עַן יַעֲקֹב֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְלָבָ֔ן מַה־פִּשְׁעִי֙ מַ֣ה חַטָּאתִ֔י כִּ֥י דָלַ֖קְתָּ אַחֲרָֽי׃ | Then Jacob became angry, and he quarrelled with Laban, and Jacob reacted and said to Laban, “What is my transgression, and what is my sin that you should pursue me so ardently? |
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. The semantic scope is wider than just answered.
pursue me so ardently ← be ardent after me. |
| Gen 31:37 | כִּֽי־מִשַּׁ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלַ֗י מַה־מָּצָ֙אתָ֙ מִכֹּ֣ל כְּלֵי־בֵיתֶ֔ךָ שִׂ֣ים כֹּ֔ה נֶ֥גֶד אַחַ֖י וְאַחֶ֑יךָ וְיוֹכִ֖יחוּ בֵּ֥ין שְׁנֵֽינוּ׃ | When you rummaged through all my baggage, what did you find of any of your household items? Put it here before my brothers and your brothers so they can arbitrate between the two of us. |
any ← all.
so: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 31:38 | זֶה֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה אָנֹכִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ רְחֵלֶ֥יךָ וְעִזֶּ֖יךָ לֹ֣א שִׁכֵּ֑לוּ וְאֵילֵ֥י צֹאנְךָ֖ לֹ֥א אָכָֽלְתִּי׃ | For twenty years I was with you. Your ewes and your goats did not miscarry, and I did not eat the rams of your flock. | twenty ← these twenty. |
| Gen 31:39 | טְרֵפָה֙ לֹא־הֵבֵ֣אתִי אֵלֶ֔יךָ אָנֹכִ֣י אֲחַטֶּ֔נָּה מִיָּדִ֖י תְּבַקְשֶׁ֑נָּה גְּנֻֽבְתִ֣י י֔וֹם וּגְנֻֽבְתִ֖י לָֽיְלָה׃ | I didn't bring you anything savaged by wild animals – I suffered the loss of it. You demanded it of me, whether anything with me got stolen by day or stolen by night. | anything with me got stolen ← my stolen by day and my stolen by night. |
| Gen 31:40 | הָיִ֧יתִי בַיּ֛וֹם אֲכָלַ֥נִי חֹ֖רֶב וְקֶ֣רַח בַּלָּ֑יְלָה וַתִּדַּ֥ד שְׁנָתִ֖י מֵֽעֵינָֽי׃ | My circumstances were that by day dryness consumed me, and cold by night, and my sleep eluded my eyes. | my circumstances were that ← I was. |
| Gen 31:41 | זֶה־לִּ֞י עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָה֮ בְּבֵיתֶךָ֒ עֲבַדְתִּ֜יךָ אַרְבַּֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ בִּשְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְשֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים בְּצֹאנֶ֑ךָ וַתַּחֲלֵ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת מֹנִֽים׃ | This was my lot for twenty years in your house. I worked for you for fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your small cattle, and you changed my wages ten times. | |
| Gen 31:42 | לוּלֵ֡י אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִי֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם וּפַ֤חַד יִצְחָק֙ הָ֣יָה לִ֔י כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה רֵיקָ֣ם שִׁלַּחְתָּ֑נִי אֶת־עָנְיִ֞י וְאֶת־יְגִ֧יעַ כַּפַּ֛י רָאָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיּ֥וֹכַח אָֽמֶשׁ׃ | If I had not had the God of my father, the God of Abraham and the fear of Isaac, then you would have sent me away empty-handed now. God has seen my affliction and the weariness of my hands, and he censured you last night.” | |
| Gen 31:43 | וַיַּ֨עַן לָבָ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַבָּנ֨וֹת בְּנֹתַ֜י וְהַבָּנִ֤ים בָּנַי֙ וְהַצֹּ֣אן צֹאנִ֔י וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לִי־ה֑וּא וְלִבְנֹתַ֞י מָֽה־אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֤ה לָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם א֥וֹ לִבְנֵיהֶ֖ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלָֽדוּ׃ | Then Laban answered and said to Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters and the sons are my sons, and the small cattle is my small cattle, and everything you see is mine. Now what can I do for these daughters of mine today, or for their sons whom they have borne? | |
| Gen 31:44 | וְעַתָּ֗ה לְכָ֛ה נִכְרְתָ֥ה בְרִ֖ית אֲנִ֣י וָאָ֑תָּה וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃ | So now, come, let us make a covenant, you and I, and it will be a testimony between you and me.” | you and I ← I and you. |
| Gen 31:45 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב אָ֑בֶן וַיְרִימֶ֖הָ מַצֵּבָֽה׃ | Then Jacob took a stone and erected it as a pillar. | |
| Gen 31:46 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֤ב לְאֶחָיו֙ לִקְט֣וּ אֲבָנִ֔ים וַיִּקְח֥וּ אֲבָנִ֖ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־גָ֑ל וַיֹּ֥אכְלוּ שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַגָּֽל׃ | And Jacob said to his brothers, “Gather some stones”, and they took stones and made a heap, and they ate there on the heap. | |
| Gen 31:47 | וַיִּקְרָא־ל֣וֹ לָבָ֔ן יְגַ֖ר שָׂהֲדוּתָ֑א וְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב קָ֥רָא ל֖וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד׃ | And Laban called it Jegar-Sahadutha, but Jacob called it Galeed. |
Jegar-Sahadutha ← the heap-of-stones of testimony (in Aramaic).
Galeed ← Gal'ed, the first syllable being closed, but ↴ |
| Gen 31:48 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד׃ | And Laban said, “This heap is a testimony between you and me today.” That is why he called it Galeed, |
↳ we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. The meaning is as the Aramaic, but indefinite.
Galeed: see Gen 31:47. |
| Gen 31:49 | וְהַמִּצְפָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נִסָּתֵ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ מֵרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | and Mizpah, in that he said, “May the Lord keep watch between you and me, for we shall be hidden from one another, | Mizpah ← the Mizpah, meaning the watchtower. |
| Gen 31:50 | אִם־תְּעַנֶּ֣ה אֶת־בְּנֹתַ֗י וְאִם־תִּקַּ֤ח נָשִׁים֙ עַל־בְּנֹתַ֔י אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ עִמָּ֑נוּ רְאֵ֕ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃ | that you most certainly will not oppress my daughters, and that you most certainly will not take wives in addition to my daughters. There is no man with us. See, God is a witness between you and me.” | that you most certainly will not oppress ... that you most certainly will not take ← if you oppress etc. standing for if you ... may God do this to you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Gen 31:51 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָבָ֖ן לְיַעֲקֹ֑ב הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֗ה וְהִנֵּה֙ הַמַצֵּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרִ֖יתִי בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃ | Then Laban said to Jacob, “Here is this heap and here is the pillar, which I hereby set between you and me. | here is (2x) ← behold. |
| Gen 31:52 | עֵ֚ד הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵדָ֖ה הַמַּצֵּבָ֑ה אִם־אָ֗נִי לֹֽא־אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְאִם־אַ֠תָּה לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֨ר אֵלַ֜י אֶת־הַגַּ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה וְאֶת־הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרָעָֽה׃ | This heap is a testimony, and the pillar is a testimony, that I will not cross this heap to you and that you will not cross this heap to me, nor this pillar, with harmful intentions. |
that ... that: unlike in Gen 31:50, אִם here is a plain subordinating conjunction, not part of an oath formula.
with harmful intentions ← for harm. |
| Gen 31:53 | אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֤י נָחוֹר֙ יִשְׁפְּט֣וּ בֵינֵ֔ינוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖י אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּפַ֖חַד אָבִ֥יו יִצְחָֽק׃ | The God of Abraham and the God of Nahor judge between us – the God of their father.” And Jacob swore by the fear of his father Isaac. | |
| Gen 31:54 | וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֙בַח֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֥א לְאֶחָ֖יו לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּהָֽר׃ | And Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain, and he invited his brothers to eat bread, and they ate bread and spent the night on the mountain. |
offered ← sacrificed.
bread (2x): standing for all kinds of food. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Gen 32:1 Gen 31:55AV |
וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם לָבָ֜ן בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְנַשֵּׁ֧ק לְבָנָ֛יו וְלִבְנוֹתָ֖יו וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֶתְהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ וַיָּ֥שָׁב לָבָ֖ן לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then Laban got up early in the morning and kissed his sons and his daughters and blessed them. Laban then departed and returned to his place. | |
| Gen 32:2 Gen 32:1AV |
וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב הָלַ֣ךְ לְדַרְכּ֑וֹ וַיִּפְגְּעוּ־ב֖וֹ מַלְאֲכֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jacob went his way, and the angels of God met him. | |
| Gen 32:3 Gen 32:2AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאָ֔ם מַחֲנֵ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים זֶ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא מַֽחֲנָֽיִם׃ פ | And when he saw them, Jacob said, “This is God's encampment”, and he called that place Mahanaim. | Mahanaim ← two camps. |
| Gen 32:4 Gen 32:3AV |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֤ב מַלְאָכִים֙ לְפָנָ֔יו אֶל־עֵשָׂ֖ו אָחִ֑יו אַ֥רְצָה שֵׂעִ֖יר שְׂדֵ֥ה אֱדֽוֹם׃ | Then Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to Esau his brother, to the land of Seir, the country of Edom. | |
| Gen 32:5 Gen 32:4AV |
וַיְצַ֤ו אֹתָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֣ה תֹאמְר֔וּן לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לְעֵשָׂ֑ו כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ עַבְדְּךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֔ב עִם־לָבָ֣ן גַּ֔רְתִּי וָאֵחַ֖ר עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ | And he instructed them and said, “Here is what you will say to my lord, to Esau: ‘This is what your servant Jacob says: «I have dwelt with Laban and I stayed there until now. |
here is what ← thus.
this is what ← thus. |
| Gen 32:6 Gen 32:5AV |
וַֽיְהִי־לִי֙ שׁ֣וֹר וַחֲמ֔וֹר צֹ֖אן וְעֶ֣בֶד וְשִׁפְחָ֑ה וָֽאֶשְׁלְחָה֙ לְהַגִּ֣יד לַֽאדֹנִ֔י לִמְצֹא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | And I have acquired oxen and donkeys, sheep and menservants and maidservants. And I have sent to inform my lord, to find grace in your eyes.» ’ ” |
I have acquired ← there became to me.
oxen and donkeys, sheep and menservants and maidservants: singular words in the Hebrew (collective usage). |
| Gen 32:7 Gen 32:6AV |
וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר בָּ֤אנוּ אֶל־אָחִ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־עֵשָׂ֔ו וְגַם֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ לִקְרָֽאתְךָ֔ וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת אִ֖ישׁ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then the messengers returned to Jacob and said, “We went to your brother, to Esau, and he also is coming to meet you, and there are four hundred men with him.” | |
| Gen 32:8 Gen 32:7AV |
וַיִּירָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב מְאֹ֖ד וַיֵּ֣צֶר ל֑וֹ וַיַּ֜חַץ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ וְאֶת־הַצֹּ֧אן וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֛ר וְהַגְּמַלִּ֖ים לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת׃ | At this Jacob was very afraid, and he was in a strait, and he divided the people who were with him into two, and also the sheep and the oxen and the camels, into two detachments. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
he was in a strait ← it straitened him. detachments: or encampments. |
| Gen 32:9 Gen 32:8AV |
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־יָב֥וֹא עֵשָׂ֛ו אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֥ה הָאַחַ֖ת וְהִכָּ֑הוּ וְהָיָ֛ה הַמַּחֲנֶ֥ה הַנִּשְׁאָ֖ר לִפְלֵיטָֽה׃ | And he said, “If Esau comes against one detachment and attacks it, then the remaining detachment will be in a position to escape.” | be in a position to escape ← for escape. |
| Gen 32:10 Gen 32:9AV |
וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יַעֲקֹב֒ אֱלֹהֵי֙ אָבִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם וֵאלֹהֵ֖י אָבִ֣י יִצְחָ֑ק יְהוָ֞ה הָאֹמֵ֣ר אֵלַ֗י שׁ֧וּב לְאַרְצְךָ֛ וּלְמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וְאֵיטִ֥יבָה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And Jacob said, “O God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, the Lord, who said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your native country, and I will deal well with you’, | father (2x): the word can stand for forefather or grandfather. |
| Gen 32:11 Gen 32:10AV |
קָטֹ֜נְתִּי מִכֹּ֤ל הַחֲסָדִים֙ וּמִכָּל־הָ֣אֱמֶ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֣י בְמַקְלִ֗י עָבַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַתָּ֥ה הָיִ֖יתִי לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת׃ | I am of little account compared to all the acts of kindness and all the faithfulness which you have shown to your servant, for with my staff I have crossed this Jordan, but now I have become two detachments. | detachments ← encampments. |
| Gen 32:12 Gen 32:11AV |
הַצִּילֵ֥נִי נָ֛א מִיַּ֥ד אָחִ֖י מִיַּ֣ד עֵשָׂ֑ו כִּֽי־יָרֵ֤א אָנֹכִי֙ אֹת֔וֹ פֶּן־יָב֣וֹא וְהִכַּ֔נִי אֵ֖ם עַל־בָּנִֽים׃ | Please deliver me from the hand of my brother – from the hand of Esau – for I am afraid of him, that he comes and attacks me, and a mother with her sons. | with her sons: or on her sons. |
| Gen 32:13 Gen 32:12AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ הֵיטֵ֥ב אֵיטִ֖יב עִמָּ֑ךְ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּח֣וֹל הַיָּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃ | And you have said, ‘I will certainly deal well with you, and I will make your seed like the sand of the sea which cannot be counted for its abundance.’ ” | I will certainly deal well: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 32:14 Gen 32:13AV |
וַיָּ֥לֶן שָׁ֖ם בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיִּקַּ֞ח מִן־הַבָּ֧א בְיָד֛וֹ מִנְחָ֖ה לְעֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִֽיו׃ | And he lodged there that night, then he took from what he could afford as a gift to Esau his brother: | he could afford ← came to his hand. |
| Gen 32:15 Gen 32:14AV |
עִזִּ֣ים מָאתַ֔יִם וּתְיָשִׁ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֑ים רְחֵלִ֥ים מָאתַ֖יִם וְאֵילִ֥ים עֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | two hundred goats and twenty he-goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, | |
| Gen 32:16 Gen 32:15AV |
גְּמַלִּ֧ים מֵינִיק֛וֹת וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים פָּר֤וֹת אַרְבָּעִים֙ וּפָרִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֔ה אֲתֹנֹ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וַעְיָרִ֖ם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃ | thirty milk-giving camels and their young, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty she-asses and ten ass-colts. | |
| Gen 32:17 Gen 32:16AV |
וַיִּתֵּן֙ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֔יו עֵ֥דֶר עֵ֖דֶר לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַ֤יֹּאמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י וְרֶ֣וַח תָּשִׂ֔ימוּ בֵּ֥ין עֵ֖דֶר וּבֵ֥ין עֵֽדֶר׃ | And he handed them over to his servants, each herd apart, and he said to his servants, “Cross over before me and leave a space between one herd and another.” | |
| Gen 32:18 Gen 32:17AV |
וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּ֣י יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞ עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֗י וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֔ךְ וּלְמִ֖י אֵ֥לֶּה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And when he instructed the first, he said, “When Esau my brother meets you and questions you, saying, ‘Who do you belong to and where are you going, and whose are these animals in front of you?’ – | |
| Gen 32:19 Gen 32:18AV |
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְעַבְדְּךָ֣ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב מִנְחָ֥ה הִוא֙ שְׁלוּחָ֔ה לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לְעֵשָׂ֑ו וְהִנֵּ֥ה גַם־ה֖וּא אַחֲרֵֽינוּ׃ | you will say, ‘They are your servant's, Jacob's. It is a present sent to my lord, to Esau. And look, he himself is behind us.’ ” | |
| Gen 32:20 Gen 32:19AV |
וַיְצַ֞ו גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַשֵּׁנִ֗י גַּ֚ם אֶת־הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י גַּ֚ם אֶת־כָּל־הַהֹ֣לְכִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֥י הָעֲדָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ תְּדַבְּר֣וּן אֶל־עֵשָׂ֔ו בְּמֹצַאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then he instructed the second one too, and the third, and all those following the flocks, and he said, “With these words you will speak to Esau, when you encounter him. |
with these words ← according to this word.
to Esau ← with Esau. |
| Gen 32:21 Gen 32:20AV |
וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם גַּ֗ם הִנֵּ֛ה עַבְדְּךָ֥ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אַחֲרֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־אָמַ֞ר אֲכַפְּרָ֣ה פָנָ֗יו בַּמִּנְחָה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת לְפָנָ֔י וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ אֶרְאֶ֣ה פָנָ֔יו אוּלַ֖י יִשָּׂ֥א פָנָֽי׃ | And you will say, ‘Here is your servant Jacob too, behind us.’ ” For he said, “I will appease him with the gift going ahead of me, and after that I will see his face; maybe he will treat me benevolently.” |
here is ← behold.
him ← his face. treat me benevolently ← lift up my face. |
| Gen 32:22 Gen 32:21AV |
וַתַּעֲבֹ֥ר הַמִּנְחָ֖ה עַל־פָּנָ֑יו וְה֛וּא לָ֥ן בַּלַּֽיְלָה־הַה֖וּא בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | So the gift went across ahead of him, while he lodged that night in the encampment. | |
| Gen 32:23 Gen 32:22AV |
וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֗וּא וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י נָשָׁיו֙ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י שִׁפְחֹתָ֔יו וְאֶת־אַחַ֥ד עָשָׂ֖ר יְלָדָ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר אֵ֖ת מַעֲבַ֥ר יַבֹּֽק׃ | Then he got up that night and took his two wives and his two maidservants and his eleven boys and crossed the ford of Jabbok. | |
| Gen 32:24 Gen 32:23AV |
וַיִּקָּחֵ֔ם וַיַּֽעֲבִרֵ֖ם אֶת־הַנָּ֑חַל וַֽיַּעֲבֵ֖ר אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ׃ | And he took them and brought them across the brook, and he took what he had across. | |
| Gen 32:25 Gen 32:24AV |
וַיִּוָּתֵ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ עַ֖ד עֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ | But Jacob remained alone, and a man wrestled with him, until dawn arose. | wrestled: from a root meaning dust. Compare English slang to give someone a dusting. |
| Gen 32:26 Gen 32:25AV |
וַיַּ֗רְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ ל֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖ע בְּכַף־יְרֵכ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֙קַע֙ כַּף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּהֵֽאָבְק֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And he saw that he could not prevail over him; and he touched his hip-bone socket, so Jacob's hip-bone became dislocated as he wrestled with him. | hip-bone (second occurrence in verse) ← hip socket. |
| Gen 32:27 Gen 32:26AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י עָלָ֖ה הַשָּׁ֑חַר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי׃ | And he said, “Let me go, for dawn has arisen.” But he said, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.” | |
| Gen 32:28 Gen 32:27AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And he said to him, “What is your name?” To this he said, “Jacob.” | to this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 32:29 Gen 32:28AV |
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־שָׂרִ֧יתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִ֛ים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַתּוּכָֽל׃ | He then said, “You shall not be called Jacob any more, but Israel, for you have wrestled with God, and with men, and you have prevailed.” |
|| 1 Chr 1:34.
Israel ← wrestler with God. From root שׂרה. you have wrestled: AV differs (as a prince hast thou power), ↴ |
| Gen 32:30 Gen 32:29AV |
וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹת֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ | Then Jacob asked him and said, “Please tell me your name.” To this he said, “Why are you asking my name like this?” And he blessed him there. |
↳ combining the sense of roots שׂרה (to wrestle) and שׂרר (to be prince).
to this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 32:31 Gen 32:30AV |
וַיִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַמָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹהִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים וַתִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁי׃ | And Jacob called the place Peniel, “For”, he said, “I have seen God face to face, and my life was preserved.” |
Peniel ← face of God.
life ← soul. preserved ← delivered. |
| Gen 32:32 Gen 32:31AV |
וַיִּֽזְרַֽח־ל֣וֹ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖ר אֶת־פְּנוּאֵ֑ל וְה֥וּא צֹלֵ֖עַ עַל־יְרֵכֽוֹ׃ | Then the sun rose on him, as he crossed through Penuel, and he limped on his thigh, | |
| Gen 32:33 Gen 32:32AV |
עַל־כֵּ֡ן לֹֽא־יֹאכְל֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־גִּ֣יד הַנָּשֶׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַיָּרֵ֔ךְ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י נָגַע֙ בְּכַף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּגִ֖יד הַנָּשֶֽׁה׃ | which is why the sons of Israel do not eat the thigh sinew which is on the thigh joint, up to this day, because he struck Jacob on the thigh joint in the thigh sinew. |
thigh sinew (2x): perhaps the sciatic nerve. AV differs (sinew which shrank).
struck Jacob on the thigh joint ← struck on the thigh joint of Jacob. |
| Gen 33:1 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה עֵשָׂ֣ו בָּ֔א וְעִמּ֕וֹ אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּ֣חַץ אֶת־הַיְלָדִ֗ים עַל־לֵאָה֙ וְעַל־רָחֵ֔ל וְעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י הַשְּׁפָחֽוֹת׃ | Then Jacob lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was Esau coming, and with him were four hundred men, and he divided the children among Leah and Rachel and the two maidservants. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 33:2 | וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַשְּׁפָח֛וֹת וְאֶת־יַלְדֵיהֶ֖ן רִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה וְאֶת־לֵאָ֤ה וִֽילָדֶ֙יהָ֙ אַחֲרֹנִ֔ים וְאֶת־רָחֵ֥ל וְאֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף אַחֲרֹנִֽים׃ | And he put the maidservants and their children in front and Leah and her children behind, and Rachel and Joseph behind them. | in front ← first. |
| Gen 33:3 | וְה֖וּא עָבַ֣ר לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֤חוּ אַ֙רְצָה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֔ים עַד־גִּשְׁתּ֖וֹ עַד־אָחִֽיו׃ | And he crossed over before them, and he bowed down to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother. | |
| Gen 33:4 | וַיָּ֨רָץ עֵשָׂ֤ו לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַֽיְחַבְּקֵ֔הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־צַוָּארָ֖ו וַׄיִּׄשָּׁׄקֵ֑ׄהׄוּׄ וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃ | And Esau ran to meet him, and he embraced him and fell around his neck and kissed him, and they wept. | and kissed him: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says this indicates that the Masoretes thought ↴ |
| Gen 33:5 | וַיִּשָּׂ֣א אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְאֶת־הַיְלָדִ֔ים וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And he lifted up his eyes and saw the women and the children, and he said, “Who are these of yours?” And he said, “The children whom God has been so gracious as to give your servant.” | ↳ the Hebrew word should be omitted. |
| Gen 33:6 | וַתִּגַּ֧שְׁןָ הַשְּׁפָח֛וֹת הֵ֥נָּה וְיַלְדֵיהֶ֖ן וַתִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽיןָ׃ | Then the maidservants approached – they and their children – and they bowed down. | |
| Gen 33:7 | וַתִּגַּ֧שׁ גַּם־לֵאָ֛ה וִילָדֶ֖יהָ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֑וּ וְאַחַ֗ר נִגַּ֥שׁ יוֹסֵ֛ף וְרָחֵ֖ל וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ׃ | Then Leah approached too, with her children, and they bowed down, and after that Joseph and Rachel approached, and they bowed down. | |
| Gen 33:8 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לְךָ֛ כָּל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגָ֑שְׁתִּי וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לִמְצֹא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And he said, “Who are all this troop of yours which I have met?” And he said, “They are to find grace in the eyes of my lord.” | troop ← encampment. |
| Gen 33:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר עֵשָׂ֖ו יֶשׁ־לִ֣י רָ֑ב אָחִ֕י יְהִ֥י לְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ | Then Esau said, “I have plenty, my brother; keep what you have for yourself.” | keep ← let be; have. |
| Gen 33:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֗ב אַל־נָא֙ אִם־נָ֨א מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ מִנְחָתִ֖י מִיָּדִ֑י כִּ֣י עַל־כֵּ֞ן רָאִ֣יתִי פָנֶ֗יךָ כִּרְאֹ֛ת פְּנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַתִּרְצֵֽנִי׃ | But Jacob said, “No, please, if now I have found grace in your eyes, then take my gift from my hand, for it is because of it that I saw your face as if I saw the face of God, when you were pleased with me. | as if I saw ← as if to see. |
| Gen 33:11 | קַח־נָ֤א אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻבָ֣את לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־חַנַּ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְכִ֣י יֶשׁ־לִי־כֹ֑ל וַיִּפְצַר־בּ֖וֹ וַיִּקָּֽח׃ | Do take my blessing which has been brought to you, for God has been gracious to me, and because I have everything.” And he pressed him, and he accepted it. |
blessing: the word often means a gift, as it could be translated here.
has been brought: in an Aramaic form. |
| Gen 33:12 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר נִסְעָ֣ה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה וְאֵלְכָ֖ה לְנֶגְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And he said, “Let us move on and get going, and I will go in front of you.” | he said: i.e. Esau said. |
| Gen 33:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אֲדֹנִ֤י יֹדֵ֙עַ֙ כִּֽי־הַיְלָדִ֣ים רַכִּ֔ים וְהַצֹּ֥אן וְהַבָּקָ֖ר עָל֣וֹת עָלָ֑י וּדְפָקוּם֙ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד וָמֵ֖תוּ כָּל־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | Then he said to him, “My lord knows that the children are tender, and that the flocks and dairy cattle are with me, and if they overdrive them for just one day, all the flocks will die. |
he said: i.e. Jacob said.
if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Gen 33:14 | יַעֲבָר־נָ֥א אֲדֹנִ֖י לִפְנֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַאֲנִ֞י אֶֽתְנָהֲלָ֣ה לְאִטִּ֗י לְרֶ֨גֶל הַמְּלָאכָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנַי֙ וּלְרֶ֣גֶל הַיְלָדִ֔ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־אָבֹ֥א אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י שֵׂעִֽירָה׃ | Do let my lord go in front of his servant, and I will proceed at a gentle pace, at the speed of the cattle which are in front of me, and at the speed of the children, until I have come to my lord in Seir.” |
at a gentle pace ← at my gentleness.
speed (2x) ← foot. in Seir ← to Seir. |
| Gen 33:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר עֵשָׂ֔ו אַצִּֽיגָה־נָּ֣א עִמְּךָ֔ מִן־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֑י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לָ֣מָּה זֶּ֔ה אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And Esau said, “Let me station some of the people who are with me with you.” And he said, “Why have I found grace in the eyes of my lord like this?” | |
| Gen 33:16 | וַיָּשָׁב֩ בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֥וּא עֵשָׂ֛ו לְדַרְכּ֖וֹ שֵׂעִֽירָה׃ | Then Esau returned on that day, taking the road back to Seir, | taking the road ← by his road. |
| Gen 33:17 | וְיַעֲקֹב֙ נָסַ֣ע סֻכֹּ֔תָה וַיִּ֥בֶן ל֖וֹ בָּ֑יִת וּלְמִקְנֵ֙הוּ֙ עָשָׂ֣ה סֻכֹּ֔ת עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרָ֥א שֵׁם־הַמָּק֖וֹם סֻכּֽוֹת׃ ס | while Jacob moved to Succoth and built himself a house there, and he made booths there for his cattle, which is why he called the place Succoth. |
while: wider use of the vav.
Succoth (2x) ← booths. |
| Gen 33:18 | וַיָּבֹא֩ יַעֲקֹ֨ב שָׁלֵ֜ם עִ֣יר שְׁכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בְּבֹא֖וֹ מִפַּדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֑ם וַיִּ֖חַן אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | Then Jacob arrived safely in the city of Shechem which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan-Aram. And he encamped in front of the city. |
safely ← safe; whole; complete; peaceable. AV differs, taking the word as a place name, Shalem.
Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 33:19 | וַיִּ֜קֶן אֶת־חֶלְקַ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽטָה־שָׁם֙ אָהֳל֔וֹ מִיַּ֥ד בְּנֵֽי־חֲמ֖וֹר אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם בְּמֵאָ֖ה קְשִׂיטָֽה׃ | And he bought a parcel of land where he had pitched his tent, from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem, for one hundred kesitahs. |
land ← field; countryside.
from ← from the hand of. Hamor the father of Shechem: see note on Acts 7:16. kesitahs: a kesitah was a coin ↴ |
| Gen 33:20 | וַיַּצֶּב־שָׁ֖ם מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּ֨קְרָא־ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ל אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And he erected an altar there and called it El-Elohe-Israel. |
↳ or weight, perhaps of silver. The word also occurs in Josh 24:32, Job 42:11.
El-Elohe-Israel ← God, the God of Israel. |
| Gen 34:1 | וַתֵּצֵ֤א דִינָה֙ בַּת־לֵאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלְדָ֖ה לְיַעֲקֹ֑ב לִרְא֖וֹת בִּבְנ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Now Dinah, Leah's daughter, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. | |
| Gen 34:2 | וַיַּ֨רְא אֹתָ֜הּ שְׁכֶ֧ם בֶּן־חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י נְשִׂ֣יא הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃ | And Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, a prince of the land, saw her, and he took her and lay with her and violated her. | |
| Gen 34:3 | וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשׁ֔וֹ בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃ | And his desire was fixed on Dinah, Jacob's daughter, and he was in love with the girl, and he spoke kindly to the girl. |
desire ← soul.
kindly ← to the heart. The same expression occurs in Isa 40:2. |
| Gen 34:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁכֶ֔ם אֶל־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר קַֽח־לִ֛י אֶת־הַיַּלְדָּ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Shechem spoke to Hamor his father and said, “Get me this girl for a wife.” | |
| Gen 34:5 | וְיַעֲקֹ֣ב שָׁמַ֗ע כִּ֤י טִמֵּא֙ אֶת־דִּינָ֣ה בִתּ֔וֹ וּבָנָ֛יו הָי֥וּ אֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְהֶחֱרִ֥שׁ יַעֲקֹ֖ב עַד־בֹּאָֽם׃ | And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter while his sons were with his cattle in the field, and Jacob kept silence until they came in. | while: temporal use of the vav. |
| Gen 34:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֛א חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְדַבֵּ֖ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | Then Hamor the father of Shechem went out to Jacob to speak with him. | |
| Gen 34:7 | וּבְנֵ֨י יַעֲקֹ֜ב בָּ֤אוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ כְּשָׁמְעָ֔ם וַיִּֽתְעַצְּבוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹ֑ד כִּֽי־נְבָלָ֞ה עָשָׂ֣ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃ | Then Jacob's sons came back from the field when they heard about it, and the men were aggrieved, and they became very much incensed that he had done a dishonourable thing in Israel by lying with Jacob's daughter, for such a thing is not done. | by lying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 34:8 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר חֲמ֖וֹר אִתָּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנִ֗י חָֽשְׁקָ֤ה נַפְשׁוֹ֙ בְּבִתְּכֶ֔ם תְּנ֨וּ נָ֥א אֹתָ֛הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Hamor spoke with them and said, “About Shechem my son – his whole being craves for your daughter. Be so good as to give her to him as a wife. | whole being ← soul. |
| Gen 34:9 | וְהִֽתְחַתְּנ֖וּ אֹתָ֑נוּ בְּנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ תִּתְּנוּ־לָ֔נוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֖ינוּ תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | And let us exchange in marriage. Give us your daughters, and take our daughters for yourselves. | |
| Gen 34:10 | וְאִתָּ֖נוּ תֵּשֵׁ֑בוּ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁבוּ֙ וּסְחָר֔וּהָ וְהֵֽאָחֲז֖וּ בָּֽהּ׃ | And dwell with us, and the land will be before you. Live in it and trade in it and have your interest in it.” |
live ← sit; remain; dwell.
have your interest in it ← be held in it. |
| Gen 34:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁכֶם֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יה וְאֶל־אַחֶ֔יהָ אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תֹּאמְר֛וּ אֵלַ֖י אֶתֵּֽן׃ | Then Shechem said to Dinah's father and her brothers, “If I find grace in your eyes, then I will give you whatever you say to me. | |
| Gen 34:12 | הַרְבּ֨וּ עָלַ֤י מְאֹד֙ מֹ֣הַר וּמַתָּ֔ן וְאֶ֨תְּנָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תֹּאמְר֖וּ אֵלָ֑י וּתְנוּ־לִ֥י אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Specify a large dowry and gift for me to give, and I will give it according to what you say to me, but give me the girl as a wife.” | specify a large dowry and gift for me ← make on me the dowry and gift much. |
| Gen 34:13 | וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שְׁכֶ֨ם וְאֶת־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֛יו בְּמִרְמָ֖ה וַיְדַבֵּ֑רוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר טִמֵּ֔א אֵ֖ת דִּינָ֥ה אֲחֹתָֽם׃ | Then Jacob's sons answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and they spoke so because he had defiled Dinah their sister. | |
| Gen 34:14 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לֹ֤א נוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לָתֵת֙ אֶת־אֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ עָרְלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּ֥ה הִ֖וא לָֽנוּ׃ | And they said to them, “We cannot do this thing, giving our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it is a contemptible thing to us. | who is not circumcised ← who (has) foreskin. |
| Gen 34:15 | אַךְ־בְּזֹ֖את נֵא֣וֹת לָכֶ֑ם אִ֚ם תִּהְי֣וּ כָמֹ֔נוּ לְהִמֹּ֥ל לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־זָכָֽר׃ | But we can agree on this with you: if you become like us, in every male among you being circumcised, | among you ← of you. |
| Gen 34:16 | וְנָתַ֤נּוּ אֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיכֶ֖ם נִֽקַּֽח־לָ֑נוּ וְיָשַׁ֣בְנוּ אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֖ינוּ לְעַ֥ם אֶחָֽד׃ | then we will give you our daughters, and we will take your daughters for ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. | |
| Gen 34:17 | וְאִם־לֹ֧א תִשְׁמְע֛וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ לְהִמּ֑וֹל וְלָקַ֥חְנוּ אֶת־בִּתֵּ֖נוּ וְהָלָֽכְנוּ׃ | But if you do not comply with us in being circumcised, then we will take our daughter and go our way.” |
comply with us ← hear / hearken to us.
in being circumcised: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 34:18 | וַיִּֽיטְב֥וּ דִבְרֵיהֶ֖ם בְּעֵינֵ֣י חֲמ֑וֹר וּבְעֵינֵ֖י שְׁכֶ֥ם בֶּן־חֲמֽוֹר׃ | And their words were pleasing in Hamor's sight, and the sight of Shechem the son of Hamor. | |
| Gen 34:19 | וְלֹֽא־אֵחַ֤ר הַנַּ֙עַר֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַדָּבָ֔ר כִּ֥י חָפֵ֖ץ בְּבַֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְה֣וּא נִכְבָּ֔ד מִכֹּ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃ | And the lad did not delay in doing the thing, because he took delight in Jacob's daughter. Now he was held in more honour than all the household of his father. | in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 34:20 | וַיָּבֹ֥א חֲמ֛וֹר וּשְׁכֶ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר עִירָ֑ם וַֽיְדַבְּר֛וּ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י עִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Hamor and Shechem his son came to the gate of their city, and they spoke to the men of their city and said, | |
| Gen 34:21 | הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה שְֽׁלֵמִ֧ים הֵ֣ם אִתָּ֗נוּ וְיֵשְׁב֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְיִסְחֲר֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ וְהָאָ֛רֶץ הִנֵּ֥ה רַֽחֲבַת־יָדַ֖יִם לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־בְּנֹתָם֙ נִקַּֽח־לָ֣נוּ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֖ינוּ נִתֵּ֥ן לָהֶֽם׃ | “These men are peaceable towards us, and they will dwell in the land and trade in it. And as for the land, behold, it is very wide before them. We will take their daughters to ourselves as wives, and we will give our daughters to them. | |
| Gen 34:22 | אַךְ־בְּ֠זֹאת יֵאֹ֨תוּ לָ֤נוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אִתָּ֔נוּ לִהְי֖וֹת לְעַ֣ם אֶחָ֑ד בְּהִמּ֥וֹל לָ֙נוּ֙ כָּל־זָכָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר הֵ֥ם נִמֹּלִֽים׃ | But the men have agreed this with us: to dwell with us, to become one people, if we have ourselves circumcised – every male – as they are circumcised. | |
| Gen 34:23 | מִקְנֵהֶ֤ם וְקִנְיָנָם֙ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתָּ֔ם הֲל֥וֹא לָ֖נוּ הֵ֑ם אַ֚ךְ נֵא֣וֹתָה לָהֶ֔ם וְיֵשְׁב֖וּ אִתָּֽנוּ׃ | Their cattle and their possessions and all their livestock, are they not then ours? Just let us agree with them, and they will dwell with us.” | |
| Gen 34:24 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶל־חֲמוֹר֙ וְאֶל־שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ כָּל־יֹצְאֵ֖י שַׁ֣עַר עִיר֑וֹ וַיִּמֹּ֙לוּ֙ כָּל־זָכָ֔ר כָּל־יֹצְאֵ֖י שַׁ֥עַר עִירֽוֹ׃ | And all those who went out to the gate of his city heeded Hamor and Shechem his son, and all the males were circumcised – everyone who went out to the gate of his city. | |
| Gen 34:25 | וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֣ם כֹּֽאֲבִ֗ים וַיִּקְח֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־בְנֵי־יַ֠עֲקֹב שִׁמְע֨וֹן וְלֵוִ֜י אֲחֵ֤י דִינָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ עַל־הָעִ֖יר בֶּ֑טַח וַיַּֽהַרְג֖וּ כָּל־זָכָֽר׃ | And it came to pass on the third day, while they were sore, that two of Jacob's sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brothers, each took his sword and went to the city confidently, and they killed every male. | Simeon ... Levi ... Dinah: all three have Leah as mother. |
| Gen 34:26 | וְאֶת־חֲמוֹר֙ וְאֶת־שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ הָרְג֖וּ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיִּקְח֧וּ אֶת־דִּינָ֛ה מִבֵּ֥ית שְׁכֶ֖ם וַיֵּצֵֽאוּ׃ | And they killed Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and they took Dinah out of Shechem's house and left. | |
| Gen 34:27 | בְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֗ב בָּ֚אוּ עַל־הַ֣חֲלָלִ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖זּוּ הָעִ֑יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר טִמְּא֖וּ אֲחוֹתָֽם׃ | The sons of Jacob went to the slain men and stripped the city, because they had defiled their sister. | |
| Gen 34:28 | אֶת־צֹאנָ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּקָרָ֖ם וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵיהֶּ֑ם וְאֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־בָּעִ֛יר וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה לָקָֽחוּ׃ | And they took their sheep and their oxen and their donkeys and whatever was in the city, and they took whatever was in the field. | |
| Gen 34:29 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֵילָ֤ם וְאֶת־כָּל־טַפָּם֙ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם שָׁב֖וּ וַיָּבֹ֑זּוּ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּבָּֽיִת׃ | And they captured and stripped all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their women, and everything that was in the house. | |
| Gen 34:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־שִׁמְע֣וֹן וְאֶל־לֵוִי֮ עֲכַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִי֒ לְהַבְאִישֵׁ֙נִי֙ בְּיֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י וּבַפְּרִזִּ֑י וַאֲנִי֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר וְנֶאֶסְפ֤וּ עָלַי֙ וְהִכּ֔וּנִי וְנִשְׁמַדְתִּ֖י אֲנִ֥י וּבֵיתִֽי׃ | But Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have caused me trouble, by making me odious to the inhabitants of the land, to the Canaanite and the Perizzite, whereas I am few in number, and they could gather together against me and attack me, and I and my household would be destroyed.” |
by making me odious: gerundial use of the infinitive.
inhabitants ← inhabitant (collective usage). few in number ← men of number. |
| Gen 34:31 | וַיֹּאמְר֑וּ הַכְזוֹנָ֕ה יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־אֲחוֹתֵֽנוּ׃ פ | But they said, “Should he treat our sister like a prostitute?” | |
| Gen 35:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֔ב ק֛וּם עֲלֵ֥ה בֵֽית־אֵ֖ל וְשֶׁב־שָׁ֑ם וַעֲשֵׂה־שָׁ֣ם מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָאֵל֙ הַנִּרְאֶ֣ה אֵלֶ֔יךָ בְּבָרְחֲךָ֔ מִפְּנֵ֖י עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִֽיךָ׃ | Then God said to Jacob, “Arise and go up to Beth-El and live there, and make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you were fleeing from Esau your brother.” | from ← from the face of. |
| Gen 35:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ הָסִ֜רוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתֹכְכֶ֔ם וְהִֽטַּהֲר֔וּ וְהַחֲלִ֖יפוּ שִׂמְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Jacob said to his household and to everyone who was with him, “Remove the foreign gods which are in your midst and cleanse yourselves and change your garments. | foreign gods ← gods of foreignness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Gen 35:3 | וְנָק֥וּמָה וְנַעֲלֶ֖ה בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־שָּׁ֣ם מִזְבֵּ֗חַ לָאֵ֞ל הָעֹנֶ֤ה אֹתִי֙ בְּי֣וֹם צָֽרָתִ֔י וַיְהִי֙ עִמָּדִ֔י בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽכְתִּי׃ | Then let us arise and go up to Beth-El, and I will make an altar there to God, who answered me on the day when I was in a strait, but he was with me on the way I went.” | when I was in a strait ← of my straitness. |
| Gen 35:4 | וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדָ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנְּזָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּטְמֹ֤ן אֹתָם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב תַּ֥חַת הָאֵלָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שְׁכֶֽם׃ | So they gave Jacob all the strange gods which were in their possession, and the rings which were in their ears, and Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree which was near Shechem. |
possession ← hand.
near Shechem ← with Shechem. |
| Gen 35:5 | וַיִּסָּ֑עוּ וַיְהִ֣י ׀ חִתַּ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א רָֽדְפ֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And they moved on, and a fear of God came upon the cities which were around them, so they did not pursue the sons of Jacob. |
a fear of God: perhaps a mighty fear. See Gen 23:6.
came ← became. |
| Gen 35:6 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב ל֗וּזָה אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן הִ֖וא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל ה֖וּא וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then Jacob arrived at Luz, which is in the land of Canaan – it is Beth-El – he and all the people who were with him. | at ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Gen 35:7 | וַיִּ֤בֶן שָׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיִּקְרָא֙ לַמָּק֔וֹם אֵ֖ל בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם נִגְל֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּבָרְח֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֥י אָחִֽיו׃ | And he built an altar there and called the place El-Beth-El, for God had revealed himself to him there when he was fleeing from his brother. |
God had revealed himself: a rare case of a plural verb with Elohim (God) as subject. See note on Gen 1:1. A singular verb in the Samaritan, LXX, Syriac, Targum and Vulgate [BHS-CA].
from ← from the face of. |
| Gen 35:8 | וַתָּ֤מָת דְּבֹרָה֙ מֵינֶ֣קֶת רִבְקָ֔ה וַתִּקָּבֵ֛ר מִתַּ֥חַת לְבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל תַּ֣חַת הָֽאַלּ֑וֹן וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ אַלּ֥וֹן בָּכֽוּת׃ פ | Then Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died, and she was buried under Beth-El, under the oak tree, and he called it Allon-Bachuth. | Allon-Bachuth ← oak of weeping. |
| Gen 35:9 | וַיֵּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹב֙ ע֔וֹד בְּבֹא֖וֹ מִפַּדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֑ם וַיְבָ֖רֶךְ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Now God had appeared to Jacob again as he was coming from Paddan-Aram, and he had blessed him. | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 35:10 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים שִׁמְךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֑ב לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵא֩ שִׁמְךָ֨ ע֜וֹד יַעֲקֹ֗ב כִּ֤י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And God had said to him, “Your name is Jacob; your name will no longer be Jacob, but your name will be Israel.” And he called him Israel. | Israel: see Gen 32:29 (Gen 32:28AV). |
| Gen 35:11 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֲנִ֨י אֵ֤ל שַׁדַּי֙ פְּרֵ֣ה וּרְבֵ֔ה גּ֛וֹי וּקְהַ֥ל גּוֹיִ֖ם יִהְיֶ֣ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וּמְלָכִ֖ים מֵחֲלָצֶ֥יךָ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃ | And God said to him, “I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and increase. A nation and a convocation of nations will come from you, and kings will come out of your loins. | |
| Gen 35:12 | וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛תִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם וּלְיִצְחָ֖ק לְךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | I will give you the land which I gave to Abraham and to Isaac, and I will give the land to your seed after you.” | |
| Gen 35:13 | וַיַּ֥עַל מֵעָלָ֖יו אֱלֹהִ֑ים בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | Then God ascended away from him, at the place where he spoke with him. | |
| Gen 35:14 | וַיַּצֵּ֨ב יַעֲקֹ֜ב מַצֵּבָ֗ה בַּמָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ מַצֶּ֣בֶת אָ֑בֶן וַיַּסֵּ֤ךְ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ נֶ֔סֶךְ וַיִּצֹ֥ק עָלֶ֖יהָ שָֽׁמֶן׃ | Jacob then erected a pillar at the place where he spoke with him, a stone pillar, and he poured out a libation on it, and he poured oil on it. | poured ... poured: different verbs in Hebrew (libated ... cast). |
| Gen 35:15 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר אִתּ֥וֹ שָׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And Jacob called the place where God had spoken to him Beth-El. | |
| Gen 35:16 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית אֵ֔ל וַֽיְהִי־ע֥וֹד כִּבְרַת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָב֣וֹא אֶפְרָ֑תָה וַתֵּ֥לֶד רָחֵ֖ל וַתְּקַ֥שׁ בְּלִדְתָּֽהּ׃ | Then they moved on from Beth-El, and there was just a small stretch of land to go to arrive at Ephrath when Rachel gave birth, and she had difficulty in her labour. | |
| Gen 35:17 | וַיְהִ֥י בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בְּלִדְתָּ֑הּ וַתֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤הּ הַמְיַלֶּ֙דֶת֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה לָ֖ךְ בֵּֽן׃ | And it came to pass, as she was having difficulty in her labour, that the midwife said to her, “Do not be afraid, for this is also a son of yours.” | |
| Gen 35:18 | וַיְהִ֞י בְּצֵ֤את נַפְשָׁהּ֙ כִּ֣י מֵ֔תָה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־אוֹנִ֑י וְאָבִ֖יו קָֽרָא־ל֥וֹ בִנְיָמִֽין׃ | And it came to pass, as her life was departing – for she was dying – that she called him Ben-Oni, but his father called him Benjamin. |
|| 1 Chr 2:2.
life ← soul. Ben-Oni ← son of my vigour, from אוֹן, but the word on can also mean sorrow, from אָוֶן. Benjamin ← Binjamin, meaning son of my right hand. |
| Gen 35:19 | וַתָּ֖מָת רָחֵ֑ל וַתִּקָּבֵר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אֶפְרָ֔תָה הִ֖וא בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | Then Rachel died, and she was buried at the road to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. | Bethlehem ← Beth Lehem. Sometimes the words are hyphenated in Hebrew, as in Mic 5:1 (Mic 5:2AV). Sometimes the name is given as ↴ |
| Gen 35:20 | וַיַּצֵּ֧ב יַעֲקֹ֛ב מַצֵּבָ֖ה עַל־קְבֻרָתָ֑הּ הִ֛וא מַצֶּ֥בֶת קְבֻֽרַת־רָחֵ֖ל עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And Jacob erected a pillar at her grave; it is the pillar of Rachel's grave to this day. | ↳ Bethlehem-Judah, which in Hebrew is three words, Beth Lehem Judah. |
| Gen 35:21 | וַיִּסַּ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֣ט אָֽהֳלֹ֔ה מֵהָ֖לְאָה לְמִגְדַּל־עֵֽדֶר׃ | Then Israel moved on and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Eder. | Eder: AV= Edar. Edar is not a pausal form. The meaning is flock. |
| Gen 35:22 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ רְאוּבֵ֔ן וַיִּשְׁכַּ֕ב֙ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֖ה֙ פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ אָבִ֑֔יו וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵֽ֑ל פ וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | And it came to pass, while Israel was dwelling in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine, and Israel heard it. Now Jacob's sons were twelve in number. | |
| Gen 35:23 | בְּנֵ֣י לֵאָ֔ה בְּכ֥וֹר יַעֲקֹ֖ב רְאוּבֵ֑ן וְשִׁמְעוֹן֙ וְלֵוִ֣י וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר וּזְבוּלֻֽן׃ | Leah's sons were Jacob's firstborn, Reuben, then Simeon and Levi and Judah and Issachar and Zebulun. | |
| Gen 35:24 | בְּנֵ֣י רָחֵ֔ל יוֹסֵ֖ף וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ | Rachel's sons were Joseph and Benjamin. | |
| Gen 35:25 | וּבְנֵ֤י בִלְהָה֙ שִׁפְחַ֣ת רָחֵ֔ל דָּ֖ן וְנַפְתָּלִֽי׃ | And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant, were Dan and Naphtali. | |
| Gen 35:26 | וּבְנֵ֥י זִלְפָּ֛ה שִׁפְחַ֥ת לֵאָ֖ה גָּ֣ד וְאָשֵׁ֑ר אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלַּד־ל֖וֹ בְּפַדַּ֥ן אֲרָֽם׃ | And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's maidservant, were Gad and Asher. These were Jacob's sons who were born to him in Paddan-Aram. | Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. |
| Gen 35:27 | וַיָּבֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֔יו מַמְרֵ֖א קִרְיַ֣ת הָֽאַרְבַּ֑ע הִ֣וא חֶבְר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־גָּֽר־שָׁ֥ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם וְיִצְחָֽק׃ | Then Jacob came to Isaac his father in Mamre at Kiriath-Arba – that is Hebron – where Abraham and Isaac dwelt. | Kiriath-Arba: AV differs somewhat, partly translating (city of Arbah). See Gen 23:2. |
| Gen 35:28 | וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ יְמֵ֣י יִצְחָ֑ק מְאַ֥ת שָׁנָ֖ה וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the days of Isaac amounted to one hundred and eighty years. | amounted to ← were. |
| Gen 35:29 | וַיִּגְוַ֨ע יִצְחָ֤ק וַיָּ֙מָת֙ וַיֵּאָ֣סֶף אֶל־עַמָּ֔יו זָקֵ֖ן וּשְׂבַ֣ע יָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ עֵשָׂ֥ו וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב בָּנָֽיו׃ פ | When Isaac expired and died, he was gathered to his people, being old and full of days, and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him. |
people ← peoples.
full ← satiated. |
| Gen 36:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְד֥וֹת עֵשָׂ֖ו ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם׃ | This is the lineage of Esau. He is Edom. | |
| Gen 36:2 | עֵשָׂ֛ו לָקַ֥ח אֶת־נָשָׁ֖יו מִבְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן אֶת־עָדָ֗ה בַּת־אֵילוֹן֙ הַֽחִתִּ֔י וְאֶת־אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ בַּת־עֲנָ֔ה בַּת־צִבְע֖וֹן הַֽחִוִּֽי׃ | Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite, |
Aholibamah ← Oholibamah, [AnLx], but not necessarily so, and we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Zibeon ← Zib'on, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Gen 36:3 | וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל אֲח֥וֹת נְבָיֽוֹת׃ | and Bosmath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth. |
Bosmath: see Gen 26:34.
Nebaioth: AV= Nebajoth here, but not always for this name. |
| Gen 36:4 | וַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־רְעוּאֵֽל׃ | And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz, and Bosmath bore Reuel. | Bosmath: see Gen 26:34. |
| Gen 36:5 | וְאָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ יָֽלְדָ֔ה אֶת־*יעיש **יְע֥וּשׁ וְאֶת־יַעְלָ֖ם וְאֶת־קֹ֑רַח אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י עֵשָׂ֔ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלְּדוּ־ל֖וֹ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And Aholibamah bore {Q: Jeush} [K: Jeish] and Jaalam and Korah. Those were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan. |
Jeush ... Jeish: in Gen 36:18, the reading is Jeush.
Jaalam ← Ja'lam, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Gen 36:6 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח עֵשָׂ֡ו אֶת־נָ֠שָׁיו וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו וְאֶת־בְּנֹתָיו֮ וְאֶת־כָּל־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת בֵּיתוֹ֒ וְאֶת־מִקְנֵ֣הוּ וְאֶת־כָּל־בְּהֶמְתּ֗וֹ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־קִנְיָנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָכַ֖שׁ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֶל־אֶ֔רֶץ מִפְּנֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֥ב אָחִֽיו׃ | And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all the people of his household, and his cattle and all his livestock and all his property which he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and he went to a land away from Jacob his brother. |
people ← souls.
away from ← from the face of. |
| Gen 36:7 | כִּֽי־הָיָ֧ה רְכוּשָׁ֛ם רָ֖ב מִשֶּׁ֣בֶת יַחְדָּ֑ו וְלֹ֨א יָֽכְלָ֜ה אֶ֤רֶץ מְגֽוּרֵיהֶם֙ לָשֵׂ֣את אֹתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י מִקְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | For their property was too much for them to live together, and the land of their residence could not support them because of their cattle. | |
| Gen 36:8 | וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב עֵשָׂו֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר עֵשָׂ֖ו ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם׃ | And Esau dwelt at Mount Seir. Esau is Edom. | |
| Gen 36:9 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְד֥וֹת עֵשָׂ֖ו אֲבִ֣י אֱד֑וֹם בְּהַ֖ר שֵׂעִֽיר׃ | Now this is the lineage of Esau, the father of Edom in Mount Seir. | |
| Gen 36:10 | אֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־עֵשָׂ֑ו אֱלִיפַ֗ז בֶּן־עָדָה֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת עֵשָׂ֔ו רְעוּאֵ֕ל בֶּן־בָּשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ | These are the names of the sons of Esau: Eliphaz, the son of Adah the wife of Esau; Reuel, the son of Bosmath the wife of Esau. |
|| 1 Chr 1:35.
Bosmath: see Gen 26:34. |
| Gen 36:11 | וַיִּהְי֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיפָ֑ז תֵּימָ֣ן אוֹמָ֔ר צְפ֥וֹ וְגַעְתָּ֖ם וּקְנַֽז׃ | And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho and Gatam and Kenaz. | || 1 Chr 1:36. |
| Gen 36:12 | וְתִמְנַ֣ע ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה פִילֶ֗גֶשׁ לֶֽאֱלִיפַז֙ בֶּן־עֵשָׂ֔ו וַתֵּ֥לֶד לֶאֱלִיפַ֖ז אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י עָדָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ | And Timna was a concubine to Eliphaz, Esau's son, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. Those were the sons of Adah the wife of Esau. | || 1 Chr 1:36. |
| Gen 36:13 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל נַ֥חַת וָזֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֣ה וּמִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה הָי֔וּ בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ | And these were the sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. Those were the sons of Bosmath, Esau's wife. |
|| 1 Chr 1:37.
Bosmath: see Gen 26:34. |
| Gen 36:14 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה הָי֗וּ בְּנֵ֨י אָהֳלִיבָמָ֧ה בַת־עֲנָ֛ה בַּת־צִבְע֖וֹן אֵ֣שֶׁת עֵשָׂ֑ו וַתֵּ֣לֶד לְעֵשָׂ֔ו אֶת־*יעיש **יְע֥וּשׁ וְאֶת־יַעְלָ֖ם וְאֶת־קֹֽרַח׃ | And these were the sons of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife. And she bore {Q: Jeush} [K: Jeish] and Jaalam and Korah to Esau. |
Jeush ... Jeish: see Gen 36:5.
|| 1 Chr 1:35. Zibeon: see Gen 36:2. |
| Gen 36:15 | אֵ֖לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵשָׂ֑ו בְּנֵ֤י אֱלִיפַז֙ בְּכ֣וֹר עֵשָׂ֔ו אַלּ֤וּף תֵּימָן֙ אַלּ֣וּף אוֹמָ֔ר אַלּ֥וּף צְפ֖וֹ אַלּ֥וּף קְנַֽז׃ | These were the chieftains of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, Esau's firstborn, were Chieftain Teman, Chieftain Omar, Chieftain Zepho, Chieftain Kenaz, | |
| Gen 36:16 | אַלּֽוּף־קֹ֛רַח אַלּ֥וּף גַּעְתָּ֖ם אַלּ֣וּף עֲמָלֵ֑ק אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֤י אֱלִיפַז֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֔וֹם אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י עָדָֽה׃ | Chieftain Korah, Chieftain Gatam, Chieftain Amalek. Those were the chieftains descending from Eliphaz in the land of Edom; those were Adah's sons. |
Korah: apparently not the same person as in Gen 36:5 (son of Esau and Aholibamah).
Amalek: apparently not the same person as in Gen 36:12 (mother is Timna, not Adah). |
| Gen 36:17 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה בְּנֵ֤י רְעוּאֵל֙ בֶּן־עֵשָׂ֔ו אַלּ֥וּף נַ֙חַת֙ אַלּ֣וּף זֶ֔רַח אַלּ֥וּף שַׁמָּ֖ה אַלּ֣וּף מִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֤י רְעוּאֵל֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֔וֹם אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ | And these were the sons of Reuel the son of Esau: Chieftain Nahath, Chieftain Zerah, Chieftain Shammah, Chieftain Mizzah. Those were the chieftains descending from Reuel in the land of Edom; those were the sons of Bosmath the wife of Esau. | Bosmath: see Gen 26:34. |
| Gen 36:18 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה בְּנֵ֤י אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת עֵשָׂ֔ו אַלּ֥וּף יְע֛וּשׁ אַלּ֥וּף יַעְלָ֖ם אַלּ֣וּף קֹ֑רַח אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֞י אָֽהֳלִיבָמָ֛ה בַּת־עֲנָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ | And these were the sons of Aholibamah, Esau's wife: Chieftain Jeush, Chieftain Jaalam, Chieftain Korah. Those were the chieftains descending from Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife. | |
| Gen 36:19 | אֵ֧לֶּה בְנֵי־עֵשָׂ֛ו וְאֵ֥לֶּה אַלּוּפֵיהֶ֖ם ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם׃ ס | Those were the sons of Esau, and those were their chieftains. He is Edom. | |
| Gen 36:20 | אֵ֤לֶּה בְנֵֽי־שֵׂעִיר֙ הַחֹרִ֔י יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ לוֹטָ֥ן וְשׁוֹבָ֖ל וְצִבְע֥וֹן וַעֲנָֽה׃ | These were the sons of Seir the Horite – the inhabitants of the land: Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah, |
|| 1 Chr 1:38.
Zibeon: see Gen 36:2. |
| Gen 36:21 | וְדִשׁ֥וֹן וְאֵ֖צֶר וְדִישָׁ֑ן אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֧י הַחֹרִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י שֵׂעִ֖יר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. Those were the chieftains of the Horites, the sons of Seir in the land of Edom. | || 1 Chr 1:38. |
| Gen 36:22 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־לוֹטָ֖ן חֹרִ֣י וְהֵימָ֑ם וַאֲח֥וֹת לוֹטָ֖ן תִּמְנָֽע׃ | And Lotan's sons were Hori and Hemam, and Lotan's sister was Timna. | || 1 Chr 1:39. |
| Gen 36:23 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י שׁוֹבָ֔ל עַלְוָ֥ן וּמָנַ֖חַת וְעֵיבָ֑ל שְׁפ֖וֹ וְאוֹנָֽם׃ | These were Shobal's sons: Alvan and Manahath and Ebal, Shepho and Onam. | || 1 Chr 1:40. |
| Gen 36:24 | וְאֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־צִבְע֖וֹן וְאַיָּ֣ה וַעֲנָ֑ה ה֣וּא עֲנָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָצָ֤א אֶת־הַיֵּמִם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בִּרְעֹת֥וֹ אֶת־הַחֲמֹרִ֖ים לְצִבְע֥וֹן אָבִֽיו׃ | And these were Zibeon's sons: Veajah and Anah – he is Anah who found the hot springs in the desert when he was tending the donkeys for Zibeon his father. |
|| 1 Chr 1:40.
Zibeon (2x): see Gen 36:2. Veajah: AV differs, taking the vav as copulative (both Ajah), also possible. hot springs: AV differs (mules). Vulgate= hot ↴ |
| Gen 36:25 | וְאֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־עֲנָ֖ה דִּשֹׁ֑ן וְאָהֳלִיבָמָ֖ה בַּת־עֲנָֽה׃ | And these were the sons of Anah: Dishon; and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah. |
↳ waters; LXX transliterates as a name, Jamein.
|| 1 Chr 1:41. |
| Gen 36:26 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י דִישָׁ֑ן חֶמְדָּ֥ן וְאֶשְׁבָּ֖ן וְיִתְרָ֥ן וּכְרָֽן׃ | And these were the sons of Dishon: Hemdan and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran. |
|| 1 Chr 1:41.
Dishon: not Dishan (as it apparently appears), but a pausal form of Dishon; see [Ges-HG] §29u and compare the last two Hebrew words of Gen 43:14. As Dishon, it fits the context and agrees with 1 Chr 1:41. |
| Gen 36:27 | אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵי־אֵ֑צֶר בִּלְהָ֥ן וְזַעֲוָ֖ן וַעֲקָֽן׃ | These were the sons of Ezer: Bilhan and Zaavan and Akan. | || 1 Chr 1:42. |
| Gen 36:28 | אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־דִישָׁ֖ן ע֥וּץ וַאֲרָֽן׃ | These were the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran. | || 1 Chr 1:42. |
| Gen 36:29 | אֵ֖לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֣י הַחֹרִ֑י אַלּ֤וּף לוֹטָן֙ אַלּ֣וּף שׁוֹבָ֔ל אַלּ֥וּף צִבְע֖וֹן אַלּ֥וּף עֲנָֽה׃ | These were the chieftains of the Horites: Chieftain Lotan, Chieftain Shobal, Chieftain Zibeon, Chieftain Anah, | Zibeon: see Gen 36:2. |
| Gen 36:30 | אַלּ֥וּף דִּשֹׁ֛ן אַלּ֥וּף אֵ֖צֶר אַלּ֣וּף דִּישָׁ֑ן אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֧י הַחֹרִ֛י לְאַלֻּפֵיהֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שֵׂעִֽיר׃ פ | Chieftain Dishon, Chieftain Ezer, Chieftain Dishan. Those were the chieftains descending from Hori, constituting their chieftains in the land of Seir. | Hori ← the Hori. |
| Gen 36:31 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלְכ֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֑וֹם לִפְנֵ֥י מְלָךְ־מֶ֖לֶךְ לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And these were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the sons of Israel. | |
| Gen 36:32 | וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ בֶּאֱד֔וֹם בֶּ֖לַע בֶּן־בְּע֑וֹר וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ דִּנְהָֽבָה׃ | Now Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom, and the name of his city was Dinhabah. | || 1 Chr 1:43. |
| Gen 36:33 | וַיָּ֖מָת בָּ֑לַע וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו יוֹבָ֥ב בֶּן־זֶ֖רַח מִבָּצְרָֽה׃ | Then Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah from Bozrah reigned in place of him. | || 1 Chr 1:44. |
| Gen 36:34 | וַיָּ֖מָת יוֹבָ֑ב וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו חֻשָׁ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ הַתֵּימָנִֽי׃ | Then Jobab died, and Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Chr 1:45.
the Temanites ← the Temanite. |
| Gen 36:35 | וַיָּ֖מָת חֻשָׁ֑ם וַיִּמְלֹ֨ךְ תַּחְתָּ֜יו הֲדַ֣ד בֶּן־בְּדַ֗ד הַמַּכֶּ֤ה אֶת־מִדְיָן֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ עֲוִֽית׃ | Then Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midian down in the countryside of Moab, reigned in place of him, and the name of his city was Avith. | || 1 Chr 1:46. |
| Gen 36:36 | וַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שַׂמְלָ֖ה מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה׃ | Then Hadad died, and Samlah from Masrekah reigned in place of him. | || 1 Chr 1:47. |
| Gen 36:37 | וַיָּ֖מָת שַׂמְלָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שָׁא֖וּל מֵרְחֹב֥וֹת הַנָּהָֽר׃ | Then Samlah died, and Saul from Rehoboth-upon-the-River reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Chr 1:48.
Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, as for the first king of the united kingdom of Israel (1 Sam 9:2), but we ↴ |
| Gen 36:38 | וַיָּ֖מָת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו בַּ֥עַל חָנָ֖ן בֶּן־עַכְבּֽוֹר׃ | Then Saul died, and Baal-Hanan the son of Achbor reigned in place of him. |
↳ regularize this name for other personages. AV= Saul here, but Shaul in 1 Chr 1:48.
|| 1 Chr 1:49. |
| Gen 36:39 | וַיָּמָת֮ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֣ן בֶּן־עַכְבּוֹר֒ וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ תַּחְתָּיו֙ הֲדַ֔ר וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ פָּ֑עוּ וְשֵׁ֨ם אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ מְהֵֽיטַבְאֵל֙ בַּת־מַטְרֵ֔ד בַּ֖ת מֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | Then Baal-Hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in place of him, and the name of his city was Pau, and the name of his wife was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-Zahab. |
|| 1 Chr 1:50.
Me-Zahab: AV= Mezahab. |
| Gen 36:40 | וְ֠אֵלֶּה שְׁמ֞וֹת אַלּוּפֵ֤י עֵשָׂו֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לִמְקֹמֹתָ֖ם בִּשְׁמֹתָ֑ם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃ | And these are the names of the chieftains of Esau by their families and by their places, by their names: Chieftain Timna, Chieftain Alvah, Chieftain Jetheth, |
|| 1 Chr 1:51.
Timna: AV= Timnah, an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé, perhaps to distinguish it from Timna in Gen 36:12, Gen 36:22. |
| Gen 36:41 | אַלּ֧וּף אָהֳלִיבָמָ֛ה אַלּ֥וּף אֵלָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף פִּינֹֽן׃ | Chieftain Aholibamah, Chieftain Elah, Chieftain Pinon, | || 1 Chr 1:52. |
| Gen 36:42 | אַלּ֥וּף קְנַ֛ז אַלּ֥וּף תֵּימָ֖ן אַלּ֥וּף מִבְצָֽר׃ | Chieftain Kenaz, Chieftain Teman, Chieftain Mibzar, | || 1 Chr 1:53. |
| Gen 36:43 | אַלּ֥וּף מַגְדִּיאֵ֖ל אַלּ֣וּף עִירָ֑ם אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֗וֹם לְמֹֽשְׁבֹתָם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם ה֥וּא עֵשָׂ֖ו אֲבִ֥י אֱדֽוֹם׃ פ | Chieftain Magdiel, Chieftain Iram. Those were the chieftains of Edom by their dwelling places in the land of their possession, which is Esau, the father of Edom. | || 1 Chr 1:54. |
| Gen 37:1 | וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מְגוּרֵ֣י אָבִ֑יו בְּאֶ֖רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And Jacob dwelt in the place of residence of his father in the land of Canaan. | |
| Gen 37:2 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ תֹּלְד֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֗ב יוֹסֵ֞ף בֶּן־שְׁבַֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֨ה רֹעֶ֤ה אֶת־אֶחָיו֙ בַּצֹּ֔אן וְה֣וּא נַ֗עַר אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בִלְהָ֛ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י זִלְפָּ֖ה נְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־דִּבָּתָ֥ם רָעָ֖ה אֶל־אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | This is the genealogy of Jacob. Joseph was seventeen years old and was tending the flock with his brothers, and he was just a lad with the sons of Bilhah and the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father. |
flock: or small cattle. Usually sheep, but sometimes goats, as in Gen 27:9.
a bad report ← the bad report. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 37:3 | וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָהַ֤ב אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ מִכָּל־בָּנָ֔יו כִּֽי־בֶן־זְקֻנִ֥ים ה֖וּא ל֑וֹ וְעָ֥שָׂה ל֖וֹ כְּתֹ֥נֶת פַּסִּֽים׃ | Now Israel loved Joseph the most of all his sons because he was the son of his old age to him, and he made him a long-sleeved gown. | long-sleeved: AV differs (of many colours), also possible. |
| Gen 37:4 | וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶחָ֗יו כִּֽי־אֹת֞וֹ אָהַ֤ב אֲבִיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֶחָ֔יו וַֽיִּשְׂנְא֖וּ אֹת֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ דַּבְּר֥וֹ לְשָׁלֹֽם׃ | And when his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, they hated him, and they could not speak peaceably to him. | loved: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Gen 37:5 | וַיַּחֲלֹ֤ם יוֹסֵף֙ חֲל֔וֹם וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאֶחָ֑יו וַיּוֹסִ֥פוּ ע֖וֹד שְׂנֹ֥א אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then Joseph had a dream and told it to his brothers, and they hated him all the more. | had a dream ← dreamt a dream. |
| Gen 37:6 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֕א הַחֲל֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלָֽמְתִּי׃ | And he said to them, “Do listen to this dream which I have had. | had ← dreamt. |
| Gen 37:7 | וְ֠הִנֵּה אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מְאַלְּמִ֤ים אֲלֻמִּים֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה קָ֥מָה אֲלֻמָּתִ֖י וְגַם־נִצָּ֑בָה וְהִנֵּ֤ה תְסֻבֶּ֙ינָה֙ אֲלֻמֹּ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַתִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖יןָ לַאֲלֻמָּתִֽי׃ | There we were binding sheaves in the middle of the field, and what happened was that my sheaf arose and stood up even, and there were your sheaves encircling it, and they bowed down to my sheaf.” |
there we were ← behold us.
what happened was that ← behold. there were ← behold. |
| Gen 37:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ אֶחָ֔יו הֲמָלֹ֤ךְ תִּמְלֹךְ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אִם־מָשׁ֥וֹל תִּמְשֹׁ֖ל בָּ֑נוּ וַיּוֹסִ֤פוּ עוֹד֙ שְׂנֹ֣א אֹת֔וֹ עַל־חֲלֹמֹתָ֖יו וְעַל־דְּבָרָֽיו׃ | At which his brothers said to him, “Are you really going to reign over us, or really going to rule over us?” And they hated him still more because of his dreams and because of his words. |
at which: wider use of the vav.
really going to reign ... really going to rule: both infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 37:9 | וַיַּחֲלֹ֥ם עוֹד֙ חֲל֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר וַיְסַפֵּ֥ר אֹת֖וֹ לְאֶחָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה חָלַ֤מְתִּֽי חֲלוֹם֙ ע֔וֹד וְהִנֵּ֧ה הַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ וְהַיָּרֵ֗חַ וְאַחַ֤ד עָשָׂר֙ כּֽוֹכָבִ֔ים מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֖ים לִֽי׃ | Then he dreamt again and had another dream, and he told it to his brothers and said, “Look, I have had a dream again, and there were the sun and the moon and eleven stars bowing down to me.” |
had a dream ← dreamt a dream.
there were ← behold. |
| Gen 37:10 | וַיְסַפֵּ֣ר אֶל־אָבִיו֮ וְאֶל־אֶחָיו֒ וַיִּגְעַר־בּ֣וֹ אָבִ֔יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָ֛ה הַחֲל֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָלָ֑מְתָּ הֲב֣וֹא נָב֗וֹא אֲנִי֙ וְאִמְּךָ֣ וְאַחֶ֔יךָ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֥ת לְךָ֖ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And he told it to his father and to his brothers, and his father rebuked him and said to him, “What is this dream you have had? Am I and your mother and your brothers really going to bow down to you to the ground?” |
dream you have had ← dream you have dreamt.
really going to: infinitive absolute. ground ← land. |
| Gen 37:11 | וַיְקַנְאוּ־ב֖וֹ אֶחָ֑יו וְאָבִ֖יו שָׁמַ֥ר אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃ | And his brothers were envious of him, but his father kept the account under consideration. | |
| Gen 37:12 | וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אֶחָ֑יו לִרְע֛וֹת אֶׄתׄ־צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶ֖ם בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | Then his brothers went to tend their father's flocks in Shechem. | their father's flocks: with supralinear dots over the sign of the accusative. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says it indicates a doubtful reading, ↴ |
| Gen 37:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־יוֹסֵ֗ף הֲל֤וֹא אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹעִ֣ים בִּשְׁכֶ֔ם לְכָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁלָחֲךָ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And Israel said to Joseph, “Are not your brothers tending flocks in Shechem? Come, and I'll send you to them.” And he said, “Here I am.” |
↳ suggesting that they had gone to feed themselves and make merry.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 37:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ לֶךְ־נָ֨א רְאֵ֜ה אֶת־שְׁל֤וֹם אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם הַצֹּ֔אן וַהֲשִׁבֵ֖נִי דָּבָ֑ר וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֙הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְר֔וֹן וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃ | And he said to him, “Please go and see how your brothers are doing, and how the flock are doing and report back to me.” And he sent him from the Valley of Hebron, and he went to Shechem. | how ... are doing (2x) ← the peace of. |
| Gen 37:15 | וַיִּמְצָאֵ֣הוּ אִ֔ישׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה תֹעֶ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֧הוּ הָאִ֛ישׁ לֵאמֹ֖ר מַה־תְּבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | And a man came across him seeing that he was wandering in a field, and the man asked him and said, “What are you looking for?” |
came across ← found.
seeing that ← and behold. |
| Gen 37:16 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־אַחַ֖י אָנֹכִ֣י מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י אֵיפֹ֖ה הֵ֥ם רֹעִֽים׃ | And he said, “I am looking for my brothers. Tell me, would you, where are they tending the flocks?” | I am looking: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. |
| Gen 37:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָאִישׁ֙ נָסְע֣וּ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה דֹּתָ֑יְנָה וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יוֹסֵף֙ אַחַ֣ר אֶחָ֔יו וַיִּמְצָאֵ֖ם בְּדֹתָֽן׃ | And the man said, “They have moved on from here, for I heard them saying, ‘Let's go to Dothan.’ ” So Joseph went after his brothers and found them in Dothan. | |
| Gen 37:18 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק וּבְטֶ֙רֶם֙ יִקְרַ֣ב אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽתְנַכְּל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ לַהֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ | And they saw him from a distance, and before he approached them, they plotted against him to kill him. | |
| Gen 37:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו הִנֵּ֗ה בַּ֛עַל הַחֲלֹמ֥וֹת הַלָּזֶ֖ה בָּֽא׃ | And they said to each other, “Look, Mister Dreamer himself is coming. |
to each other ← a man / each to his brother.
Mister Dreamer himself ← this master of dreams. |
| Gen 37:20 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ לְכ֣וּ וְנַֽהַרְגֵ֗הוּ וְנַשְׁלִכֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד הַבֹּר֔וֹת וְאָמַ֕רְנוּ חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֖ה אֲכָלָ֑תְהוּ וְנִרְאֶ֕ה מַה־יִּהְי֖וּ חֲלֹמֹתָֽיו׃ | So now, come on, let's kill him and throw him into one of the pits, and we will say, ‘A wild animal has eaten him’, and we will see what becomes of his dreams.” | what becomes of his dreams ← what his dreams become. |
| Gen 37:21 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע רְאוּבֵ֔ן וַיַּצִּלֵ֖הוּ מִיָּדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א נַכֶּ֖נּוּ נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | But Reuben heard, and he delivered him from their hands and said, “Let us not fatally strike him.” |
hands ← hand.
fatally ← soul. |
| Gen 37:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֣ם ׀ רְאוּבֵן֮ אַל־תִּשְׁפְּכוּ־דָם֒ הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֗וֹ אֶל־הַבּ֤וֹר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְיָ֖ד אַל־תִּשְׁלְחוּ־ב֑וֹ לְמַ֗עַן הַצִּ֤יל אֹתוֹ֙ מִיָּדָ֔ם לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ אֶל־אָבִֽיו׃ | And Reuben said to them, “Do not shed blood. Throw him in this pit which is in the desert, and do not lay hands on him”, so as to deliver him from their hands, to take him back to his father. | hands ← hand. |
| Gen 37:23 | וַֽיְהִ֕י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָ֑יו וַיַּפְשִׁ֤יטוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ אֶת־כֻּתָּנְתּ֔וֹ אֶת־כְּתֹ֥נֶת הַפַּסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass when Joseph came to his brothers that they stripped Joseph of his gown – his long-sleeved gown which was on him – | |
| Gen 37:24 | וַיִּ֨קָּחֻ֔הוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֥כוּ אֹת֖וֹ הַבֹּ֑רָה וְהַבּ֣וֹר רֵ֔ק אֵ֥ין בּ֖וֹ מָֽיִם׃ | and they took hold of him and threw him into the pit. Now the pit was empty – there was no water in it. | |
| Gen 37:25 | וַיֵּשְׁבוּ֮ לֶֽאֱכָל־לֶחֶם֒ וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְא֔וּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֹרְחַ֣ת יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים בָּאָ֖ה מִגִּלְעָ֑ד וּגְמַלֵּיהֶ֣ם נֹֽשְׂאִ֗ים נְכֹאת֙ וּצְרִ֣י וָלֹ֔ט הוֹלְכִ֖ים לְהוֹרִ֥יד מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | And they sat down to eat bread, and they lifted up their eyes and looked around, and what they saw was a company of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. And their camels were carrying spices and balsam and fine myrrh on their way to take it down to Egypt. |
what they saw was ← behold.
Ishmaelites: AV differs (Ishmeelites), as the Hebrew, but vowel-reduced from Ishmaelites. In Judg 8:24, AV uses Ishmaelites. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. on their way ← going. |
| Gen 37:26 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוּדָ֖ה אֶל־אֶחָ֑יו מַה־בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י נַהֲרֹג֙ אֶת־אָחִ֔ינוּ וְכִסִּ֖ינוּ אֶת־דָּמֽוֹ׃ | And Judah said to his brothers, “What good is it if we kill our brother and conceal his blood? | good ← gain. |
| Gen 37:27 | לְכ֞וּ וְנִמְכְּרֶ֣נּוּ לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים וְיָדֵ֙נוּ֙ אַל־תְּהִי־ב֔וֹ כִּֽי־אָחִ֥ינוּ בְשָׂרֵ֖נוּ ה֑וּא וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶחָֽיו׃ | Come, let's sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let our hand not be on him, for he is our brother – he is our flesh.” And his brothers acquiesced. |
Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25.
acquiesced ← heard. |
| Gen 37:28 | וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים מִדְיָנִ֜ים סֹֽחֲרִ֗ים וַֽיִּמְשְׁכוּ֙ וַיַּֽעֲל֤וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵף֙ מִן־הַבּ֔וֹר וַיִּמְכְּר֧וּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֛ף לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | And the Midianite merchants passed by, and they hauled him up and brought Joseph up out of the pit. And they sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. They then brought Joseph to Egypt. | Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25. |
| Gen 37:29 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־הַבּ֔וֹר וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵין־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃ | Then Reuben returned to the pit, and when he saw that Joseph wasn't in the pit, he tore his clothes. | he saw that ← behold. |
| Gen 37:30 | וַיָּ֥שָׁב אֶל־אֶחָ֖יו וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַיֶּ֣לֶד אֵינֶ֔נּוּ וַאֲנִ֖י אָ֥נָה אֲנִי־בָֽא׃ | And he returned to his brothers and said, “The lad isn't there. And as for me, where can I go?” | |
| Gen 37:31 | וַיִּקְח֖וּ אֶת־כְּתֹ֣נֶת יוֹסֵ֑ף וַֽיִּשְׁחֲטוּ֙ שְׂעִ֣יר עִזִּ֔ים וַיִּטְבְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֖נֶת בַּדָּֽם׃ | Then they took Joseph's gown, and they killed a buck of the goats and dipped the gown in the blood. | |
| Gen 37:32 | וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֞וּ אֶת־כְּתֹ֣נֶת הַפַּסִּ֗ים וַיָּבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶל־אֲבִיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ זֹ֣את מָצָ֑אנוּ הַכֶּר־נָ֗א הַכְּתֹ֧נֶת בִּנְךָ֛ הִ֖וא אִם־לֹֽא׃ | And they took the long-sleeved gown with them and brought it to their father and said, “We found this. So examine whether the gown is your son's or not.” |
took ... with them ← sent, delivered up.
examine ← recognize. |
| Gen 37:33 | וַיַּכִּירָ֤הּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כְּתֹ֣נֶת בְּנִ֔י חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֖ה אֲכָלָ֑תְהוּ טָרֹ֥ף טֹרַ֖ף יוֹסֵֽף׃ | And he identified it and said, “It is my son's gown. A wild animal has eaten him. Joseph must have been torn apart.” |
identified ← recognized.
must have been torn apart: qal infinitive absolute with a pual finite form. |
| Gen 37:34 | וַיִּקְרַ֤ע יַעֲקֹב֙ שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם שַׂ֖ק בְּמָתְנָ֑יו וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | And Jacob tore his clothes, and he put sackcloth on his loins and, he mourned for his son for many days. | |
| Gen 37:35 | וַיָּקֻמוּ֩ כָל־בָּנָ֨יו וְכָל־בְּנֹתָ֜יו לְנַחֲמ֗וֹ וַיְמָאֵן֙ לְהִתְנַחֵ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּֽי־אֵרֵ֧ד אֶל־בְּנִ֛י אָבֵ֖ל שְׁאֹ֑לָה וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ אֹת֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ | Then all his sons and all his daughters arose to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted, and he said, “I will go down to my son – to the grave – mourning.” And his father wept for him. | |
| Gen 37:36 | וְהַ֨מְּדָנִ֔ים מָכְר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפֽוֹטִיפַר֙ סְרִ֣יס פַּרְעֹ֔ה שַׂ֖ר הַטַּבָּחִֽים׃ פ | And the Medanites sold him in Egypt to Potiphar, Pharaoh's courtier, the head executioner. |
Medanites: a consonantal yod different in spelling to Midianites. [BHS] does not mention ↴
in ← into. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. head executioner ← chief of the executioners. |
| Gen 38:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֥רֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת אֶחָ֑יו וַיֵּ֛ט עַד־אִ֥ישׁ עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י וּשְׁמ֥וֹ חִירָֽה׃ | And it came to pass at that time that Judah went down leaving his brothers, and he turned aside to an Adullamite man whose name was Hirah. |
↳ variant readings. In Gen 25:2, Medan and Midian are distinct. Perhaps he was sold first by the Midianites to Medanite slave dealers, then by the Medanites to Potiphar.
went down leaving ← went down from. |
| Gen 38:2 | וַיַּרְא־שָׁ֧ם יְהוּדָ֛ה בַּת־אִ֥ישׁ כְּנַעֲנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ שׁ֑וּעַ וַיִּקָּחֶ֖הָ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | And Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man there, his name being Shua. And he took her and went in to her, | Shua: AV= Shuah, an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé. The name is spelled differently in Hebrew to the Shuah of Gen 25:2, which ends in heth. |
| Gen 38:3 | וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵֽר׃ | and she conceived and bore a son, and he called him Er. |
|| 1 Chr 2:3.
he called: Judah names the firstborn; the mother names the next two. |
| Gen 38:4 | וַתַּ֥הַר ע֖וֹד וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אוֹנָֽן׃ | And she conceived again and bore a son, and she called him Onan. | || 1 Chr 2:3. |
| Gen 38:5 | וַתֹּ֤סֶף עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵׁלָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה בִכְזִ֖יב בְּלִדְתָּ֥הּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And she conceived yet again and bore a son, and she called him Shelah, and he was in Chezib when she bore him. | || 1 Chr 2:3. |
| Gen 38:6 | וַיִּקַּ֧ח יְהוּדָ֛ה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְעֵ֣ר בְּכוֹר֑וֹ וּשְׁמָ֖הּ תָּמָֽר׃ | And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar. | |
| Gen 38:7 | וַיְהִ֗י עֵ֚ר בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֔ה רַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְמִתֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | Now Er Judah's firstborn was evil in the sight of the Lord and the Lord killed him. | |
| Gen 38:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ לְאוֹנָ֔ן בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יךָ וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ וְהָקֵ֥ם זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיךָ׃ | And Judah said to Onan, “Go into your brother's wife and marry her as brother-in-law of the deceased and raise up seed to your brother.” | marry ... as brother-in-law of the deceased: all one word in Hebrew (root יבם). |
| Gen 38:9 | וַיֵּ֣דַע אוֹנָ֔ן כִּ֛י לֹּ֥א ל֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַזָּ֑רַע וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־בָּ֨א אֶל־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת אַ֔רְצָה לְבִלְתִּ֥י נְתָן־זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיו׃ | But Onan knew that the seed would not be counted as his, and it came to pass, when he went to his brother's wife, that he spilt it on the ground, so as not to give seed to his brother. |
spilt ← corrupted.
on the ground ← to the ground. |
| Gen 38:10 | וַיֵּ֛רַע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיָּ֖מֶת גַּם־אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And what he did was evil in the eyes of the Lord, and he killed him too. | |
| Gen 38:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְתָמָ֨ר כַּלָּת֜וֹ שְׁבִ֧י אַלְמָנָ֣ה בֵית־אָבִ֗יךְ עַד־יִגְדַּל֙ שֵׁלָ֣ה בְנִ֔י כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן־יָמ֥וּת גַּם־ה֖וּא כְּאֶחָ֑יו וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ תָּמָ֔ר וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ׃ | Then Judah said to Tamar his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in the house of your father until my son Shelah is grown up”, for he said, “I am concerned that he too may die like his brothers.” So Tamar went and stayed in the house of her father. | |
| Gen 38:12 | וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה׃ | And many days went by, and the daughter of Shua, Judah's wife, died. And Judah was comforted, and he went up to those who shear his sheep – he and Hirah his friend the Adullamite – to Timnah. |
Shua: see Gen 38:2.
Timnah: AV= Timnath, locative here, although in AV's defence the word is used non-locatively in Judg 14:1, Judg 14:2, Judg 14:5. |
| Gen 38:13 | וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְתָמָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֥ה חָמִ֛יךְ עֹלֶ֥ה תִמְנָ֖תָה לָגֹ֥ז צֹאנֽוֹ׃ | And it was reported to Tamar as follows: “Look, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.” |
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying.
Timnah: see Gen 38:12. |
| Gen 38:14 | וַתָּסַר֩ בִּגְדֵ֨י אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ וַתְּכַ֤ס בַּצָּעִיף֙ וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח עֵינַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ תִּמְנָ֑תָה כִּ֤י רָאֲתָה֙ כִּֽי־גָדַ֣ל שֵׁלָ֔ה וְהִ֕וא לֹֽא־נִתְּנָ֥ה ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And she took off her widow's clothes which were on her, and she screened herself with a veil and covered herself, and she sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah, for she had seen that Shelah had grown up but that she had not been given to him as a wife. |
a veil ← the veil. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
Enaim: AV differs (an open place). See Gen 38:21. Timnah: see Gen 38:12. she had not been given to him: Tamar should ↴ |
| Gen 38:15 | וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ יְהוּדָ֔ה וַֽיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ לְזוֹנָ֑ה כִּ֥י כִסְּתָ֖ה פָּנֶֽיהָ׃ | And Judah saw her, and he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face. | ↳ have been given to Shelah to raise seed to Er. She seduces Judah so as to get seed in the same line. |
| Gen 38:16 | וַיֵּ֨ט אֵלֶ֜יהָ אֶל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽבָה־נָּא֙ אָב֣וֹא אֵלַ֔יִךְ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כַלָּת֖וֹ הִ֑וא וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִּ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֵלָֽי׃ | And he turned aside to her on the way and said, “Come on now, I will go in to you”, for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, “What will you give me if you go in to me.” | |
| Gen 38:17 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֛י אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח גְּדִֽי־עִזִּ֖ים מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־תִּתֵּ֥ן עֵרָב֖וֹן עַ֥ד שָׁלְחֶֽךָ׃ | And he said, “I will send you a kid from the flock.” Then she said, “All right if you give me security until you have sent it.” | |
| Gen 38:18 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הָֽעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “What is the security that I should give you?” And she said, “Your seal and your cord and your staff that is in your hand.” Then he gave them to her and went in to her, and she conceived by him. | |
| Gen 38:19 | וַתָּ֣קָם וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֥סַר צְעִיפָ֖הּ מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ בִּגְדֵ֥י אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ׃ | Then she got up and went back and took off her veil that was on her and put her widow's clothes on. | |
| Gen 38:20 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ׃ | And Judah sent the kid of the goats via his friend the Adullamite, to recover the security from the woman. But he could not find her. |
via ← by the hand of.
to recover the security from ← take the security from the hand of. |
| Gen 38:21 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י מְקֹמָהּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַיֵּ֧ה הַקְּדֵשָׁ֛ה הִ֥וא בָעֵינַ֖יִם עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ | And he asked the men of her place and said, “Where is the prostitute who was in Enaim by the road?” And they said, “There hasn't been a prostitute around here.” | Enaim ← two fountains, which we with [AnLx] and [LHG] take as a place name, called Enam in Josh 15:34. AV differs (openly), reading as with eyes. |
| Gen 38:22 | וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה׃ | So he returned to Judah and said, “I could not find her, and moreover the local men said, ‘There hasn't been a prostitute around here.’ ” | |
| Gen 38:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ׃ | Then Judah said, “Let her take it any time, so that we do not come to be held in disdain. After all, I sent this kid, but you could not find her.” | after all ← behold. |
| Gen 38:24 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֵֽאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ | Then it came to pass after three months that it was reported to Judah as follows: “Tamar your daughter-in-law has played the harlot, and moreover we have seen that she has become pregnant with her harlotry.” Then Judah said, “Bring her out and let her be burnt.” |
three months: or about three months, but not necessarily so.
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. we have seen that ← behold. |
| Gen 38:25 | הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | She was brought out, and she sent for her father-in-law and said, “I became pregnant by the man to whom these belong.” And she said, “Please identify whose this seal and cords and staff are.” | identify ← recognize. |
| Gen 38:26 | וַיַּכֵּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ צָֽדְקָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נִּי כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְשֵׁלָ֣ה בְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְדַעְתָּֽה׃ | And Judah recognized them and said, “She is more righteous than I am, for this is because I did not give her to Shelah my son.” And Judah did not know her any more. | |
| Gen 38:27 | וַיְהִ֖י בְּעֵ֣ת לִדְתָּ֑הּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה תְאוֹמִ֖ים בְּבִטְנָֽהּ׃ | And it came to pass at the time when she gave birth that there were twins in her womb. | there were ← behold. |
| Gen 38:28 | וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when she gave birth, that one put out a hand, and the midwife took hold of it and tied a scarlet band round his hand and said, “This came out first.” | |
| Gen 38:29 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֗וֹ וְהִנֵּה֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־פָּרַ֖צְתָּ עָלֶ֣יךָ פָּ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ פָּֽרֶץ׃ | Then it came to pass as he withdrew his hand that what happened was that his brother came out, and she said, “How you broke out! May the breaking out be upon you!” And he called him Perez. |
|| 1 Chr 2:4.
what happened was that ← behold. Perez: AV= Pharez, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. Not in pause in Ruth 4:12. The AV has also left the name lenited (ph for p). The meaning is breaking out. |
| Gen 38:30 | וְאַחַר֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־יָד֖וֹ הַשָּׁנִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ זָֽרַח׃ ס | And afterwards his brother came out, on whose hand the scarlet band was, and he called him Zerah. |
|| 1 Chr 2:4.
Zerah: AV= Zarah, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Gen 39:1 | וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הוּרַ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיִּקְנֵ֡הוּ פּוֹטִיפַר֩ סְרִ֨יס פַּרְעֹ֜ה שַׂ֤ר הַטַּבָּחִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מִיַּד֙ הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | So Joseph was brought down to Egypt, and Potiphar, Pharaoh's official, the head executioner, an Egyptian, bought him from the Ishmaelites who had brought him down there. |
official ← eunuch, but he is married (Gen 39:7).
from ← from the hand of. Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25. |
| Gen 39:2 | וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיְהִ֖י אִ֣ישׁ מַצְלִ֑יחַ וַיְהִ֕י בְּבֵ֥ית אֲדֹנָ֖יו הַמִּצְרִֽי׃ | And the Lord was with Joseph, and he became a prosperous man, and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian. | his master ← his masters, but it is followed by a singular noun (the Egyptian). A plural of politeness or majesty. |
| Gen 39:3 | וַיַּ֣רְא אֲדֹנָ֔יו כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אִתּ֑וֹ וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא עֹשֶׂ֔ה יְהוָ֖ה מַצְלִ֥יחַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And his master saw that the Lord was with him, and how the Lord made everything he did prosper in his hand. | |
| Gen 39:4 | וַיִּמְצָ֨א יוֹסֵ֥ף חֵ֛ן בְּעֵינָ֖יו וַיְשָׁ֣רֶת אֹת֑וֹ וַיַּפְקִדֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְכָל־יֶשׁ־ל֖וֹ נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | So Joseph found grace in his eyes, and he served him, and he appointed him over his household, and he put everything he had under his charge. |
charge ← hand.
On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Gen 39:5 | וַיְהִ֡י מֵאָז֩ הִפְקִ֨יד אֹת֜וֹ בְּבֵית֗וֹ וְעַל֙ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־ל֔וֹ וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הַמִּצְרִ֖י בִּגְלַ֣ל יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיְהִ֞י בִּרְכַּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־ל֔וֹ בַּבַּ֖יִת וּבַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass, from when he had appointed him in his house and over everything he had, that the Lord blessed the Egyptian's household because of Joseph, and the blessing of the Lord was on everything that he had in the house and in the field. | |
| Gen 39:6 | וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֮ בְּיַד־יוֹסֵף֒ וְלֹא־יָדַ֤ע אִתּוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה כִּ֥י אִם־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא אוֹכֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף יְפֵה־תֹ֖אַר וִיפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃ | And he left everything he had in Joseph's hand, and he did not know anything about his personal affairs except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well-proportioned and good-looking, |
his personal affairs ← (what was) with him.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. well-proportioned ← fair of form. |
| Gen 39:7 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַתִּשָּׂ֧א אֵֽשֶׁת־אֲדֹנָ֛יו אֶת־עֵינֶ֖יהָ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף וַתֹּ֖אמֶר שִׁכְבָ֥ה עִמִּֽי׃ | and it came to pass after these things that his master's wife raised her eyes to Joseph and said, “Lie with me.” | |
| Gen 39:8 | וַיְמָאֵ֓ן ׀ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֵ֣שֶׁת אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֵ֣ן אֲדֹנִ֔י לֹא־יָדַ֥ע אִתִּ֖י מַה־בַּבָּ֑יִת וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֶשׁ־ל֖וֹ נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדִֽי׃ | But he refused and said to his master's wife, “Look, my master does not know what is in the house delegated to me, and he has put everything he has under my authority. |
delegated to me ← with me.
under my authority ← in my hand. |
| Gen 39:9 | אֵינֶ֨נּוּ גָד֜וֹל בַּבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּה֮ מִמֶּנִּי֒ וְלֹֽא־חָשַׂ֤ךְ מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ מְא֔וּמָה כִּ֥י אִם־אוֹתָ֖ךְ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתְּ־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֨יךְ אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֜ה הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וְחָטָ֖אתִי לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃ | There is no-one greater in this house than me, and he has not withheld anything from me except you, because you are his wife, so how can I do this great evil and sin against God?” | than me: or, if the reader prefers, than I. |
| Gen 39:10 | וַיְהִ֕י כְּדַבְּרָ֥הּ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף י֣וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע אֵלֶ֛יהָ לִשְׁכַּ֥ב אֶצְלָ֖הּ לִהְי֥וֹת עִמָּֽהּ׃ | And it kept happening that when she spoke to Joseph day by day, he would not consent with her to lie with her and to be with her. |
and it kept happening ← and it was.
consent with her ← hear / hearken to her. |
| Gen 39:11 | וַיְהִי֙ כְּהַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א הַבַּ֖יְתָה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת מְלַאכְתּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֨ין אִ֜ישׁ מֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַבַּ֛יִת שָׁ֖ם בַּבָּֽיִת׃ | And it came to pass around this time that he went to the house to carry out his business, and there were none of the men of the household there in the house. |
time ← day.
there were none ← (there was) not a man. |
| Gen 39:12 | וַתִּתְפְּשֵׂ֧הוּ בְּבִגְד֛וֹ לֵאמֹ֖ר שִׁכְבָ֣ה עִמִּ֑י וַיַּעֲזֹ֤ב בִּגְדוֹ֙ בְּיָדָ֔הּ וַיָּ֖נָס וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַחֽוּצָה׃ | And she took hold of him by a garment of his and said, “Lie with me.” And he left his garment in her hand and fled and went outside. | |
| Gen 39:13 | וַיְהִי֙ כִּרְאוֹתָ֔הּ כִּֽי־עָזַ֥ב בִּגְד֖וֹ בְּיָדָ֑הּ וַיָּ֖נָס הַחֽוּצָה׃ | Then it came to pass when she saw that he had left a garment of his in her hand and had fled outside, | |
| Gen 39:14 | וַתִּקְרָ֞א לְאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵיתָ֗הּ וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר רְא֗וּ הֵ֥בִיא לָ֛נוּ אִ֥ישׁ עִבְרִ֖י לְצַ֣חֶק בָּ֑נוּ בָּ֤א אֵלַי֙ לִשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמִּ֔י וָאֶקְרָ֖א בְּק֥וֹל גָּדֽוֹל׃ | that she called the men of her household and spoke to them and said, “Look, he has brought a Hebrew man to us to mock us. He came to me to lie with me, and I shouted with a loud voice, | |
| Gen 39:15 | וַיְהִ֣י כְשָׁמְע֔וֹ כִּֽי־הֲרִימֹ֥תִי קוֹלִ֖י וָאֶקְרָ֑א וַיַּעֲזֹ֤ב בִּגְדוֹ֙ אֶצְלִ֔י וַיָּ֖נָס וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַחֽוּצָה׃ | and it happened that when he heard that I was raising my voice and calling out, that he left his garment with me and fled and went outside.” | |
| Gen 39:16 | וַתַּנַּ֥ח בִּגְד֖וֹ אֶצְלָ֑הּ עַד־בּ֥וֹא אֲדֹנָ֖יו אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | And she kept his garment at her side until his master returned to his house. | at her side ← with her. |
| Gen 39:17 | וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹ֑ר בָּֽא־אֵלַ֞י הָעֶ֧בֶד הָֽעִבְרִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־הֵבֵ֥אתָ לָּ֖נוּ לְצַ֥חֶק בִּֽי׃ | And she spoke to him with these words and said, “The Hebrew servant whom you brought to us came to me to mock me. | |
| Gen 39:18 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּהֲרִימִ֥י קוֹלִ֖י וָאֶקְרָ֑א וַיַּעֲזֹ֥ב בִּגְד֛וֹ אֶצְלִ֖י וַיָּ֥נָס הַחֽוּצָה׃ | And it came to pass when I raised my voice and called out that he left his garment with me and fled outside.” | |
| Gen 39:19 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹנָ֜יו אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבְּרָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה עָ֥שָׂהּ לִ֖י עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וַיִּ֖חַר אַפּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when his master heard his wife's words which she spoke to him, when she said, “These are the things which your servant did to me”, that he became angry. |
these are the things ← according to these things.
he became angry ← his anger was kindled. |
| Gen 39:20 | וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲדֹנֵ֨י יוֹסֵ֜ף אֹת֗וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַסֹּ֔הַר מְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־*אסורי **אֲסִירֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲסוּרִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי־שָׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית הַסֹּֽהַר׃ | And Joseph's master took hold of him and put him in prison – a place where the king's prisoners were imprisoned – and he was there in the prison. | prisoners: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Gen 39:21 | וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיֵּ֥ט אֵלָ֖יו חָ֑סֶד וַיִּתֵּ֣ן חִנּ֔וֹ בְּעֵינֵ֖י שַׂ֥ר בֵּית־הַסֹּֽהַר׃ | But the Lord was with Joseph, and he extended kindness to him, and he gave him grace in the eyes of the chief prison officer. | grace ← his grace. |
| Gen 39:22 | וַיִּתֵּ֞ן שַׂ֤ר בֵּית־הַסֹּ֙הַר֙ בְּיַד־יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָ֣אֲסִירִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית הַסֹּ֑הַר וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֹשִׂים֙ שָׁ֔ם ה֖וּא הָיָ֥ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | And the chief prison officer put all the prisoners who were in the prison under Joseph's authority. He was in control of everything that they did there. |
under Joseph's authority ← in Joseph's hand.
he was in control of ← he was the doer of. |
| Gen 39:23 | אֵ֣ין ׀ שַׂ֣ר בֵּית־הַסֹּ֗הַר רֹאֶ֤ה אֶֽת־כָּל־מְא֙וּמָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אִתּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה מַצְלִֽיחַ׃ ס | The chief prison officer didn't oversee anything that was in his charge, because the Lord was with him, and the Lord made whatever he did prosper. |
oversee ← see.
anything ← everything. charge ← hand. |
| Gen 40:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה חָֽטְא֛וּ מַשְׁקֵ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהָאֹפֶ֑ה לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶ֖ם לְמֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass after these things that the king of Egypt's butler and baker did wrong to their master, to the king of Egypt. | |
| Gen 40:2 | וַיִּקְצֹ֣ף פַּרְעֹ֔ה עַ֖ל שְׁנֵ֣י סָרִיסָ֑יו עַ֚ל שַׂ֣ר הַמַּשְׁקִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל שַׂ֥ר הָאוֹפִֽים׃ | And Pharaoh became angry with his two courtiers, with the head butler and with the head baker. |
courtiers: or eunuchs, but see Gen 39:1.
head butler ... head baker ← chief of the butlers ... chief of the bakers. |
| Gen 40:3 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר בֵּ֛ית שַׂ֥ר הַטַבָּחִ֖ים אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַסֹּ֑הַר מְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אָס֥וּר שָֽׁם׃ | And he put them under guard, in the house of the head executioner, in the prison – the place where Joseph was imprisoned. | head executioner ← chief of the executioners. |
| Gen 40:4 | וַ֠יִּפְקֹד שַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֧ים אֶת־יוֹסֵ֛ף אִתָּ֖ם וַיְשָׁ֣רֶת אֹתָ֑ם וַיִּהְי֥וּ יָמִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁמָֽר׃ | And the head executioner put Joseph in charge of them. And he officiated over them, and they were under guard for many days. | the head executioner: presumably not the head executioner of Gen 39:1 who had Joseph put in prison in the first place. |
| Gen 40:5 | וַיַּֽחַלְמוּ֩ חֲל֨וֹם שְׁנֵיהֶ֜ם אִ֤ישׁ חֲלֹמוֹ֙ בְּלַ֣יְלָה אֶחָ֔ד אִ֖ישׁ כְּפִתְר֣וֹן חֲלֹמ֑וֹ הַמַּשְׁקֶ֣ה וְהָאֹפֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲסוּרִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית הַסֹּֽהַר׃ | And the two of them had a dream – each his own dream, on one night, each according to the interpretation of his dream – the king of Egypt's butler and baker who were imprisoned in the prison. | had a dream ← dreamt a dream. |
| Gen 40:6 | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיַּ֣רְא אֹתָ֔ם וְהִנָּ֖ם זֹעֲפִֽים׃ | When Joseph came to them in the morning, he saw them, and there they were, looking gloomy. | there they were ← behold them. |
| Gen 40:7 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל אֶת־סְרִיסֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אִתּ֧וֹ בְמִשְׁמַ֛ר בֵּ֥ית אֲדֹנָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֛וּעַ פְּנֵיכֶ֥ם רָעִ֖ים הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And he questioned Pharaoh's courtiers who were with him under guard in the house of his master, and he said, “Why are your expressions so downcast today?” | your expressions so downcast ← your faces bad. |
| Gen 40:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְנוּ וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם יוֹסֵ֗ף הֲל֤וֹא לֵֽאלֹהִים֙ פִּתְרֹנִ֔ים סַפְּרוּ־נָ֖א לִֽי׃ | And they said to him, “We have had a dream, and there is no interpreter of it.” Then Joseph said to them, “Are not interpretations a matter for God? Please tell me them.” | had ← dreamt. |
| Gen 40:9 | וַיְסַפֵּ֧ר שַֽׂר־הַמַּשְׁקִ֛ים אֶת־חֲלֹמ֖וֹ לְיוֹסֵ֑ף וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ בַּחֲלוֹמִ֕י וְהִנֵּה־גֶ֖פֶן לְפָנָֽי׃ | And the head butler told Joseph his dream and said to him, “In my dream, there was a vine before me. | there was ← and behold. |
| Gen 40:10 | וּבַגֶּ֖פֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה שָׂרִיגִ֑ם וְהִ֤יא כְפֹרַ֙חַת֙ עָלְתָ֣ה נִצָּ֔הּ הִבְשִׁ֥ילוּ אַשְׁכְּלֹתֶ֖יהָ עֲנָבִֽים׃ | And on the vine were three branches, and as it bloomed, its blossom arose and its fruit ripened into grapes. | its fruit ripened into grapes ← its bunches brought grapes to maturity. |
| Gen 40:11 | וְכ֥וֹס פַּרְעֹ֖ה בְּיָדִ֑י וָאֶקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָֽעֲנָבִ֗ים וָֽאֶשְׂחַ֤ט אֹתָם֙ אֶל־כּ֣וֹס פַּרְעֹ֔ה וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־הַכּ֖וֹס עַל־כַּ֥ף פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand, and I took the grapes, and I pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I put the cup in Pharaoh's hand.” | hand ← palm. |
| Gen 40:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֔ף זֶ֖ה פִּתְרֹנ֑וֹ שְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙ הַשָּׂ֣רִגִ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים הֵֽם׃ | Then Joseph said to him, “This is the interpretation of it. The three branches are three days. | |
| Gen 40:13 | בְּע֣וֹד ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים יִשָּׂ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ אֶת־רֹאשֶׁ֔ךָ וַהֲשִֽׁיבְךָ֖ עַל־כַּנֶּ֑ךָ וְנָתַתָּ֤ כוֹס־פַּרְעֹה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ כַּמִּשְׁפָּט֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיִ֖יתָ מַשְׁקֵֽהוּ׃ | In three days' time, Pharaoh will lift your head and reinstate you in your office, and you will put Pharaoh's cup in his hand as was the former custom when you were his butler. | office ← base. |
| Gen 40:14 | כִּ֧י אִם־זְכַרְתַּ֣נִי אִתְּךָ֗ כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ וְעָשִֽׂיתָ־נָּ֥א עִמָּדִ֖י חָ֑סֶד וְהִזְכַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְהוֹצֵאתַ֖נִי מִן־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | Nevertheless, remember me who was with you, when it is going well for you, and do me a favour, would you, and mention me to Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house. | favour ← kindness. |
| Gen 40:15 | כִּֽי־גֻנֹּ֣ב גֻּנַּ֔בְתִּי מֵאֶ֖רֶץ הָעִבְרִ֑ים וְגַם־פֹּה֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִֽי מְא֔וּמָה כִּֽי־שָׂמ֥וּ אֹתִ֖י בַּבּֽוֹר׃ | For I was brought here most insidiously from the land of the Hebrews, and even here I have not done anything warranting that they should put me in the pit.” | most insidiously: pual infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 40:16 | וַיַּ֥רְא שַׂר־הָאֹפִ֖ים כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב פָּתָ֑ר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אַף־אֲנִי֙ בַּחֲלוֹמִ֔י וְהִנֵּ֗ה שְׁלֹשָׁ֛ה סַלֵּ֥י חֹרִ֖י עַל־רֹאשִֽׁי׃ | And when the chief baker saw that he had correctly interpreted it, he said to Joseph, “I too was in a dream of mine, and there were three baskets of white bread on my head. |
there were ← behold.
baskets of white bread: so [BDB], [AnLx], [ST]; [MJ] has of cakes. [CB] has wicker baskets. [ST] also has transparent baskets. |
| Gen 40:17 | וּבַסַּ֣ל הָֽעֶלְי֔וֹן מִכֹּ֛ל מַאֲכַ֥ל פַּרְעֹ֖ה מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹפֶ֑ה וְהָע֗וֹף אֹכֵ֥ל אֹתָ֛ם מִן־הַסַּ֖ל מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשִֽׁי׃ | In the upper basket were all kinds of food for Pharaoh – baker's fare – and the birds were eating them from the basket on my head.” | |
| Gen 40:18 | וַיַּ֤עַן יוֹסֵף֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר זֶ֖ה פִּתְרֹנ֑וֹ שְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙ הַסַּלִּ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים הֵֽם׃ | Then Joseph responded and said, “This is the interpretation of it. The three baskets are three days. | |
| Gen 40:19 | בְּע֣וֹד ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים יִשָּׂ֨א פַרְעֹ֤ה אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְתָלָ֥ה אוֹתְךָ֖ עַל־עֵ֑ץ וְאָכַ֥ל הָע֛וֹף אֶת־בְּשָׂרְךָ֖ מֵעָלֶֽיךָ׃ | In three days' time Pharaoh will lift your head off you and hang you on a tree, and the birds will eat away at your flesh on you.” | on you ← from you. |
| Gen 40:20 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י י֚וֹם הֻלֶּ֣דֶת אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיִּשָּׂ֞א אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ ׀ שַׂ֣ר הַמַּשְׁקִ֗ים וְאֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ שַׂ֥ר הָאֹפִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ עֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass on the third day, Pharaoh's birthday, that he held a banquet for all his servants, and he lifted the head of the head butler and of the head baker among his servants. | lifted the head: a play on the expression, using it to mean to restore to favour in the case of the butler, but to behead / execute in the case of the baker. |
| Gen 40:21 | וַיָּ֛שֶׁב אֶת־שַׂ֥ר הַמַּשְׁקִ֖ים עַל־מַשְׁקֵ֑הוּ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן הַכּ֖וֹס עַל־כַּ֥ף פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | And he restored the head butler to his office of butler, who put the cup in Pharaoh's hand. | |
| Gen 40:22 | וְאֵ֛ת שַׂ֥ר הָאֹפִ֖ים תָּלָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּתַ֛ר לָהֶ֖ם יוֹסֵֽף׃ | But he hanged the head baker, as Joseph had interpreted for them. | |
| Gen 40:23 | וְלֹֽא־זָכַ֧ר שַֽׂר־הַמַּשְׁקִ֛ים אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף וַיִּשְׁכָּחֵֽהוּ׃ פ | But the head butler did not remember Joseph but forgot him. | |
| Gen 41:1 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ שְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֑ים וּפַרְעֹ֣ה חֹלֵ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֖ה עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־הַיְאֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass after two years' time that Pharaoh had a dream, and there he was, standing at the river. |
after two years' time ← at the end of two years of days.
there he was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:2 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן־הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת יְפ֥וֹת מַרְאֶ֖ה וּבְרִיאֹ֣ת בָּשָׂ֑ר וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ׃ | And what he saw was seven cows coming up out of the river, of fine appearance and with healthy flesh, and they grazed on the reeds. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:3 | וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶׁ֧בַע פָּר֣וֹת אֲחֵר֗וֹת עֹל֤וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶן֙ מִן־הַיְאֹ֔ר רָע֥וֹת מַרְאֶ֖ה וְדַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה אֵ֥צֶל הַפָּר֖וֹת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃ | And he then saw seven other cows coming up out of the river after them, of bad appearance and lean in flesh, and they stood alongside the other cows on the bank of the river. | he then saw ← behold. |
| Gen 41:4 | וַתֹּאכַ֣לְנָה הַפָּר֗וֹת רָע֤וֹת הַמַּרְאֶה֙ וְדַקֹּ֣ת הַבָּשָׂ֔ר אֵ֚ת שֶׁ֣בַע הַפָּר֔וֹת יְפֹ֥ת הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה וְהַבְּרִיאֹ֑ת וַיִּיקַ֖ץ פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then the cows of bad appearance and lean in flesh ate the seven cows which were of fine appearance and healthy. Then Pharaoh awoke. | |
| Gen 41:5 | וַיִּישָׁ֕ן וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֖ם שֵׁנִ֑ית וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹל֛וֹת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד בְּרִיא֥וֹת וְטֹבֽוֹת׃ | Then he fell asleep and dreamt a second time, and what he saw was seven ears of corn coming up on one stalk, healthy and good. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:6 | וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים דַּקּ֖וֹת וּשְׁדוּפֹ֣ת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽן׃ | Then what he saw was seven lean ears of corn which were blighted by the east wind, growing up after them. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:7 | וַתִּבְלַ֙עְנָה֙ הַשִּׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקּ֔וֹת אֵ֚ת שֶׁ֣בַע הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִ֔ים הַבְּרִיא֖וֹת וְהַמְּלֵא֑וֹת וַיִּיקַ֥ץ פַּרְעֹ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה חֲלֽוֹם׃ | And the lean ears of corn swallowed up the seven healthy and full ears of corn. Then Pharaoh awoke and realized that it was a dream. | realized that it was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:8 | וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּח֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־כָּל־חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֲלֹמ֔וֹ וְאֵין־פּוֹתֵ֥ר אוֹתָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was disturbed, and he sent for and called all the sacred scribes of Egypt, and all its wise men. And Pharaoh related his dreams to them, but there was no interpreter of them to Pharaoh. |
sacred scribes: or magicians.
dreams ← dream, but with a plural pronoun (them). In Gen 41:22, Pharaoh regards everything as one dream. |
| Gen 41:9 | וַיְדַבֵּר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַמַּשְׁקִ֔ים אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אֶת־חֲטָאַ֕י אֲנִ֖י מַזְכִּ֥יר הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Then the head butler spoke with Pharaoh and said, “I do call to remembrance my sins today. | call to remembrance: strictly speaking, the head butler is bringing Pharaoh to remembrance of his sins, but perhaps just remembering. |
| Gen 41:10 | פַּרְעֹ֖ה קָצַ֣ף עַל־עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתִ֜י בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר בֵּ֚ית שַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֔ים אֹתִ֕י וְאֵ֖ת שַׂ֥ר הָאֹפִֽים׃ | Pharaoh became angry with his servants, and he put me under guard in the house of the head executioner – me and the head baker. | |
| Gen 41:11 | וַנַּֽחַלְמָ֥ה חֲל֛וֹם בְּלַ֥יְלָה אֶחָ֖ד אֲנִ֣י וָה֑וּא אִ֛ישׁ כְּפִתְר֥וֹן חֲלֹמ֖וֹ חָלָֽמְנוּ׃ | And we had a dream one night, I and he. Each of us dreamt according to the interpretation of his dream. | had a dream ← dreamt a dream. |
| Gen 41:12 | וְשָׁ֨ם אִתָּ֜נוּ נַ֣עַר עִבְרִ֗י עֶ֚בֶד לְשַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֔ים וַנְּ֨סַפֶּר־ל֔וֹ וַיִּפְתָּר־לָ֖נוּ אֶת־חֲלֹמֹתֵ֑ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ כַּחֲלֹמ֖וֹ פָּתָֽר׃ | And there was with us there a Hebrew youth, a servant of the head executioner, and we told him our dreams, and he interpreted them for us. He gave the interpretation of each one's dream. | |
| Gen 41:13 | וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּֽתַר־לָ֖נוּ כֵּ֣ן הָיָ֑ה אֹתִ֛י הֵשִׁ֥יב עַל־כַּנִּ֖י וְאֹת֥וֹ תָלָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, after he had interpreted for us, that so it came about. Pharaoh restored me to my office, but he hanged the head baker.” | Pharaoh ... the head baker ← he ... him. Hebrew makes liberal use of third person pronouns (he, him, his etc.), where the pronoun may only be implicit in the ↴ |
| Gen 41:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח פַּרְעֹה֙ וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֶת־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּ מִן־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיְגַלַּח֙ וַיְחַלֵּ֣ף שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Pharaoh sent for and called for Joseph, and he whisked him out of the pit. Then he shaved himself and changed his clothes, and he went to Pharaoh. | ↳ verbal form, and sometimes with changes of antecedent to the various pronouns, where only the context makes it clear what the antecedent is in each case. |
| Gen 41:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְתִּי וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹת֑וֹ וַאֲנִ֗י שָׁמַ֤עְתִּי עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream and there is no interpreter of it, and I have heard about you, that you know how to interpret a dream.” |
had a dream ← dreamt a dream.
that you know how to interpret a dream ← saying you hear / understand a dream to interpret it. |
| Gen 41:16 | וַיַּ֨עַן יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת־שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Joseph answered Pharaoh and said, “It is outside my competence. God will answer Pharaoh with peace.” | Pharaoh with peace ← with Pharaoh's peace. |
| Gen 41:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף בַּחֲלֹמִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י עֹמֵ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃ | Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream, there I was standing on the bank of the river, | there I was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:18 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן־הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת בְּרִיא֥וֹת בָּשָׂ֖ר וִיפֹ֣ת תֹּ֑אַר וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ׃ | and what I saw was seven cows coming up out of the river, with healthy flesh and of fine appearance, and they grazed on the reeds. |
what I saw was ← behold.
with healthy flesh ← healthy of flesh. |
| Gen 41:19 | וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶֽׁבַע־פָּר֤וֹת אֲחֵרוֹת֙ עֹל֣וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן דַּלּ֨וֹת וְרָע֥וֹת תֹּ֛אַר מְאֹ֖ד וְרַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר לֹֽא־רָאִ֧יתִי כָהֵ֛נָּה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָרֹֽעַ׃ | Then what I saw was seven other cows coming up after them, weak and of very bad appearance and lean in flesh – I have never seen anything like them in the whole land of Egypt for badness. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:20 | וַתֹּאכַ֙לְנָה֙ הַפָּר֔וֹת הָרַקּ֖וֹת וְהָרָע֑וֹת אֵ֣ת שֶׁ֧בַע הַפָּר֛וֹת הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הַבְּרִיאֹֽת׃ | Then the lean and bad cows ate the seven former and healthy cows. | |
| Gen 41:21 | וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֗נָה וְלֹ֤א נוֹדַע֙ כִּי־בָ֣אוּ אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֔נָה וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ן רַ֔ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּתְּחִלָּ֑ה וָאִיקָֽץ׃ | And they went inside them, but it could not be perceived that they had gone inside them, and their appearance was as bad as it was at first. Then I awoke. | |
| Gen 41:22 | וָאֵ֖רֶא בַּחֲלֹמִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹלֹ֛ת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד מְלֵאֹ֥ת וְטֹבֽוֹת׃ | And I saw in my dream that there were seven ears of corn coming up on one stalk, full and good. | that there were ← and behold. |
| Gen 41:23 | וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים צְנֻמ֥וֹת דַּקּ֖וֹת שְׁדֻפ֣וֹת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then what I saw was seven hard and lean ears of corn which were blighted by the east wind growing up after them. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Gen 41:24 | וַתִּבְלַ֙עְןָ֙ הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקֹּ֔ת אֵ֛ת שֶׁ֥בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖ים הַטֹּב֑וֹת וָֽאֹמַר֙ אֶל־הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין מַגִּ֖יד לִֽי׃ | And the lean ears of corn ate the seven good ears of corn. And I told it to the sacred scribes, but there was no-one who could explain it to me.” | sacred scribes: see Gen 41:8. |
| Gen 41:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה חֲל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶחָ֣ד ה֑וּא אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים עֹשֶׂ֖ה הִגִּ֥יד לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Pharaoh's dream is a unity. God has told Pharaoh what he is about to do. | a unity ← one. |
| Gen 41:26 | שֶׁ֧בַע פָּרֹ֣ת הַטֹּבֹ֗ת שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְשֶׁ֤בַע הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִים֙ הַטֹּבֹ֔ת שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים הֵ֑נָּה חֲל֖וֹם אֶחָ֥ד הֽוּא׃ | The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good ears of corn are seven years. The dream is a unity. | a unity ← one. |
| Gen 41:27 | וְשֶׁ֣בַע הַ֠פָּרוֹת הָֽרַקּ֨וֹת וְהָרָעֹ֜ת הָעֹלֹ֣ת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ן שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְשֶׁ֤בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִים֙ הָרֵק֔וֹת שְׁדֻפ֖וֹת הַקָּדִ֑ים יִהְי֕וּ שֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֥י רָעָֽב׃ | The seven lean and bad cows coming up after them are seven years, and the seven lean ears of corn which were blighted by the east wind will be seven years of famine. | lean ← empty, but the word consonantally also means thin, and with a daleth for the resh, it reads lean, as in Gen 41:7, Gen 41:23. |
| Gen 41:28 | ה֣וּא הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים עֹשֶׂ֖ה הֶרְאָ֥ה אֶת־פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | This is the account which I have spoken to Pharaoh. What God is about to do, he has shown Pharaoh. | |
| Gen 41:29 | הִנֵּ֛ה שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים בָּא֑וֹת שָׂבָ֥ע גָּד֖וֹל בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Behold, seven years of great abundance are coming in the whole land of Egypt. | |
| Gen 41:30 | וְ֠קָמוּ שֶׁ֨בַע שְׁנֵ֤י רָעָב֙ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן וְנִשְׁכַּ֥ח כָּל־הַשָּׂבָ֖ע בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְכִלָּ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ב אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then seven years of famine will arise after them, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine will waste away the land. | |
| Gen 41:31 | וְלֹֽא־יִוָּדַ֤ע הַשָּׂבָע֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ מִפְּנֵ֛י הָרָעָ֥ב הַה֖וּא אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֑ן כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד ה֖וּא מְאֹֽד׃ | And the abundance will not be felt in the land on account of that famine afterwards, for it will be very severe. | felt ← known. |
| Gen 41:32 | וְעַ֨ל הִשָּׁנ֧וֹת הַחֲל֛וֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם כִּֽי־נָכ֤וֹן הַדָּבָר֙ מֵעִ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמְמַהֵ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃ | And as for the dream being repeated to Pharaoh, with him dreaming twice, that is because the matter is fixed with God, and God is making haste to carry it out. | repeated ... twice: the words reinforce each other. There were not two repetitions. Compare John 21:16. |
| Gen 41:33 | וְעַתָּה֙ יֵרֶ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אִ֖ישׁ נָב֣וֹן וְחָכָ֑ם וִישִׁיתֵ֖הוּ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So now let Pharaoh discern a wise and prudent man and appoint him over the land of Egypt. | discern ← see. |
| Gen 41:34 | יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה פַרְעֹ֔ה וְיַפְקֵ֥ד פְּקִדִ֖ים עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְחִמֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּשֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֥י הַשָּׂבָֽע׃ | Let Pharaoh do this and appoint overseers over the land, and take a fifth of the yield of the land in the seven years of abundance. | |
| Gen 41:35 | וְיִקְבְּצ֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־אֹ֙כֶל֙ הַשָּׁנִ֣ים הַטֹּבֹ֔ת הַבָּאֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְיִצְבְּרוּ־בָ֞ר תַּ֧חַת יַד־פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֹ֥כֶל בֶּעָרִ֖ים וְשָׁמָֽרוּ׃ | And let them gather all the food of those good years that are coming and store corn under Pharaoh's administration – food in the cities – and guard it. |
those ← these.
administration ← hand. |
| Gen 41:36 | וְהָיָ֨ה הָאֹ֤כֶל לְפִקָּדוֹן֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ לְשֶׁ֙בַע֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּהְיֶ֖יןָ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־תִכָּרֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּרָעָֽב׃ | And the food will be a stockpile for the land, for the seven years of famine which will take place in the land of Egypt, so that the land is not cut down in the famine.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 41:37 | וַיִּיטַ֥ב הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And the procedure was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants. | |
| Gen 41:38 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הֲנִמְצָ֣א כָזֶ֔ה אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃ | And Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can anyone else like this be found – a man in whom the spirit of God is?” | |
| Gen 41:39 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אַחֲרֵ֨י הוֹדִ֧יעַ אֱלֹהִ֛ים אוֹתְךָ֖ אֶת־כָּל־זֹ֑את אֵין־נָב֥וֹן וְחָכָ֖ם כָּמֽוֹךָ׃ | And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Consequent to God making all this known to you, there cannot be a prudent and wise man like you. | |
| Gen 41:40 | אַתָּה֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה עַל־בֵּיתִ֔י וְעַל־פִּ֖יךָ יִשַּׁ֣ק כָּל־עַמִּ֑י רַ֥ק הַכִּסֵּ֖א אֶגְדַּ֥ל מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ | You will be over my house, and at your behest the whole of my people will be regulated. Only in the throne will I be greater than you.” | behest ← mouth. |
| Gen 41:41 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף רְאֵה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי אֹֽתְךָ֔ עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have appointed you over the whole land of Egypt.” | |
| Gen 41:42 | וַיָּ֨סַר פַּרְעֹ֤ה אֶת־טַבַּעְתּוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל יָד֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֖הּ עַל־יַ֣ד יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְדֵי־שֵׁ֔שׁ וַיָּ֛שֶׂם רְבִ֥ד הַזָּהָ֖ב עַל־צַוָּארֽוֹ׃ | Then Pharaoh took his ring off his hand and put it on Joseph's hand, and he clothed him in garments of fine linen, and he put a golden chain round his neck. | a golden chain ← the golden chain. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 41:43 | וַיַּרְכֵּ֣ב אֹת֗וֹ בְּמִרְכֶּ֤בֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו אַבְרֵ֑ךְ וְנָת֣וֹן אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And he had him ride in his second chariot, and they cried out before him, “Bow the knee.” And he appointed him over the whole land of Egypt. |
bow the knee: the meaning can be justified from the Hebrew, though an Aramaism. [CB] regards it as Egyptian, with the same meaning.
he appointed: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Gen 41:44 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף אֲנִ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וּבִלְעָדֶ֗יךָ לֹֽא־יָרִ֨ים אִ֧ישׁ אֶת־יָד֛וֹ וְאֶת־רַגְל֖וֹ בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, and without your consent, no man in the whole land of Egypt will lift his hand or his foot.” | |
| Gen 41:45 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֣ה שֵׁם־יוֹסֵף֮ צָֽפְנַ֣ת פַּעְנֵחַ֒ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֣וֹ אֶת־אָֽסְנַ֗ת בַּת־פּ֥וֹטִי פֶ֛רַע כֹּהֵ֥ן אֹ֖ן לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֖ף עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Pharaoh called Joseph Zaphenath-Paneah, and he gave him Asenath the daughter of Poti-Phera the priest of On as a wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt. |
Zaphenath-Paneah: AV= Zaphnath-paaneah, not ↴
Poti-Phera: AV= Poti-pherah, an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé. On: Heliopolis to the Greeks. |
| Gen 41:46 | וְיוֹסֵף֙ בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעָמְד֕וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֤א יוֹסֵף֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַֽיַּעְבֹ֖ר בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Now Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt, and Joseph went out from Pharaoh's presence and passed through the whole land of Egypt. | ↳ recognizing the initial open syllable, as indicated by the metheg. [CB] explains it as Egyptian for abundance of life. |
| Gen 41:47 | וַתַּ֣עַשׂ הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּשֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֣י הַשָּׂבָ֑ע לִקְמָצִֽים׃ | And the land yielded produce by handfuls in the seven years of abundance. | yielded ← made. |
| Gen 41:48 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֞ץ אֶת־כָּל־אֹ֣כֶל ׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּתֶּן־אֹ֖כֶל בֶּעָרִ֑ים אֹ֧כֶל שְׂדֵה־הָעִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבֹתֶ֖יהָ נָתַ֥ן בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ | And he gathered all the food of the seven years which elapsed in the land of Egypt, and he put food in the cities. He put the food of the city fields, which were around it, inside the city itself. | elapsed ← came, or became. |
| Gen 41:49 | וַיִּצְבֹּ֨ר יוֹסֵ֥ף בָּ֛ר כְּח֥וֹל הַיָּ֖ם הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד עַ֛ד כִּי־חָדַ֥ל לִסְפֹּ֖ר כִּי־אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ | And Joseph stored corn like the sand of the sea, a very large amount, until he stopped counting, for there was no counting it. | there was no counting it ← there (was) no number. |
| Gen 41:50 | וּלְיוֹסֵ֤ף יֻלַּד֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא שְׁנַ֣ת הָרָעָ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָֽלְדָה־לּוֹ֙ אָֽסְנַ֔ת בַּת־פּ֥וֹטִי פֶ֖רַע כֹּהֵ֥ן אֽוֹן׃ | And before the years of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph, sons whom Asenath the daughter of Poti-Phera the priest of On bore to him. |
years ← year. The consonantal text could be scriptio defectiva for years.
Poti-Phera: see Gen 41:45. |
| Gen 41:51 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם הַבְּכ֖וֹר מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כִּֽי־נַשַּׁ֤נִי אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | And Joseph called the first one Manasseh, “For”, he said, “God has caused me to forget all my sorrow and the whole household of my father.” | Manasseh ← Menashsheh, causing to forget, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Gen 41:52 | וְאֵ֛ת שֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖י קָרָ֣א אֶפְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־הִפְרַ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ עָנְיִֽי׃ | And he called the second one Ephraim, “For”, he said, “God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.” | Ephraim ← double fruitfulness. |
| Gen 41:53 | וַתִּכְלֶ֕ינָה שֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֣י הַשָּׂבָ֑ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then the seven years of abundance which came to pass in the land of Egypt came to an end. | |
| Gen 41:54 | וַתְּחִלֶּ֜ינָה שֶׁ֣בַע שְׁנֵ֤י הָרָעָב֙ לָב֔וֹא כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיְהִ֤י רָעָב֙ בְּכָל־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת וּבְכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם הָ֥יָה לָֽחֶם׃ | And the seven years of famine started to come, as Joseph had said, and there was famine in all the lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. But perhaps here standing for basic staple food. |
| Gen 41:55 | וַתִּרְעַב֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּצְעַ֥ק הָעָ֛ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לַלָּ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לְכָל־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְכ֣וּ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמַ֥ר לָכֶ֖ם תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And when all the land of Egypt was hungry, the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread, and Pharaoh said to the whole of Egypt, “Go to Joseph and do what he tells you.” | do what he tells you: the same words are spoken in John 2:5. |
| Gen 41:56 | וְהָרָעָ֣ב הָיָ֔ה עַ֖ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֣ר לְמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָֽרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the famine came over the whole face of the land, and Joseph opened up everything in it, and he sold it to Egypt. And the famine became severe in the land of Egypt. | came ← became; came to pass. |
| Gen 41:57 | וְכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה לִשְׁבֹּ֖ר אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף כִּֽי־חָזַ֥ק הָרָעָ֖ב בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the whole continent came to Egypt, to Joseph, to buy grain, for the famine was severe in the whole continent. | continent (2x) ← land, or world. |
| Gen 42:1 | וַיַּ֣רְא יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לְבָנָ֔יו לָ֖מָּה תִּתְרָאֽוּ׃ | When Jacob saw that there was grain in Egypt, Jacob said to his sons, “Why are you staring at each other?” | Jacob ... Jacob: unlike Gen 41:13, the text here avoids using an obvious pronoun. |
| Gen 42:2 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רְדוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ וְשִׁבְרוּ־לָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְנִחְיֶ֖ה וְלֹ֥א נָמֽוּת׃ | And he said, “Look, I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy us some from there, so we live and don't die.” | |
| Gen 42:3 | וַיֵּרְד֥וּ אֲחֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף עֲשָׂרָ֑ה לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר בָּ֖ר מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | So Joseph's brothers went down, ten of them, to buy corn from Egypt. | |
| Gen 42:4 | וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לֹא־שָׁלַ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־אֶחָ֑יו כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן־יִקְרָאֶ֖נּוּ אָסֽוֹן׃ | But Jacob did not send Benjamin, Joseph's brother, with his brothers, for he said, “I am concerned in case misfortune should befall him.” | |
| Gen 42:5 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִשְׁבֹּ֖ר בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבָּאִ֑ים כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | So Israel's sons came to buy grain among those who came, for the famine came to the land of Canaan. | came ← became. |
| Gen 42:6 | וְיוֹסֵ֗ף ה֚וּא הַשַּׁלִּ֣יט עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ ה֥וּא הַמַּשְׁבִּ֖יר לְכָל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֲחֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־ל֥וֹ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ | Now Joseph was the governor over the land; he was the seller of grain to all the people of the land. And Joseph's brothers came, and they bowed down to him with the face to the ground. | |
| Gen 42:7 | וַיַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃ | And Joseph saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but he feigned not recognizing them, and he spoke harshly with them, and he said to them, “Where have you come from?” And they said, “From the land of Canaan to buy food.” | he feigned not recognizing them: use of hithpael for feigning, as in Josh 9:4 pretended to be travellers, 2 Sam 14:2 feign being mourners, 2 Sam 22:45 feign obedience, 1 Ki 14:5 feign to be another (person). |
| Gen 42:8 | וַיַּכֵּ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶת־אֶחָ֑יו וְהֵ֖ם לֹ֥א הִכִּרֻֽהוּ׃ | And Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Gen 42:9 | וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת הַחֲלֹמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלַ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לִרְא֛וֹת אֶת־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶֽם׃ | And Joseph remembered the dreams which he had had about them, and he said to them, “You are spies. You have come to look at the vulnerability of the land.” |
dreams which he had had ← dreams which he had dreamt.
vulnerability ← nakedness. |
| Gen 42:10 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו לֹ֣א אֲדֹנִ֑י וַעֲבָדֶ֥יךָ בָּ֖אוּ לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃ | And they said to him, “Not so, my lord, but your servants have come to buy food. | |
| Gen 42:11 | כֻּלָּ֕נוּ בְּנֵ֥י אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד נָ֑חְנוּ כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ לֹא־הָי֥וּ עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ מְרַגְּלִֽים׃ | We are all the sons of one man; we are upright – your servants are not spies.” | |
| Gen 42:12 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם לֹ֕א כִּֽי־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶ֥ם לִרְאֽוֹת׃ | Then he said to them, “No, for you have come to look at the vulnerability of the land.” | vulnerability: see Gen 42:9. |
| Gen 42:13 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂר֩ עֲבָדֶ֨יךָ אַחִ֧ים ׀ אֲנַ֛חְנוּ בְּנֵ֥י אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַקָּטֹ֤ן אֶת־אָבִ֙ינוּ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְהָאֶחָ֖ד אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ | Then they said, “Your servants are twelve brothers; we are the sons of one man, in the land of Canaan, and actually the youngest is with our father today, and one of us is not to be found.” | actually ← behold. |
| Gen 42:14 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֖ם יוֹסֵ֑ף ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֧רְתִּי אֲלֵכֶ֛ם לֵאמֹ֖ר מְרַגְּלִ֥ים אַתֶּֽם׃ | Then Joseph said to them, “As for what I said to you when I said, ‘You are spies’, | |
| Gen 42:15 | בְּזֹ֖את תִּבָּחֵ֑נוּ חֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ אִם־תֵּצְא֣וּ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֧י אִם־בְּב֛וֹא אֲחִיכֶ֥ם הַקָּטֹ֖ן הֵֽנָּה׃ | this is the means by which you will be put to the test: by the life of Pharaoh, you certainly will not depart from here unless your youngest brother comes here. | you certainly will not depart: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Gen 42:16 | שִׁלְח֨וּ מִכֶּ֣ם אֶחָד֮ וְיִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחִיכֶם֒ וְאַתֶּם֙ הֵאָ֣סְר֔וּ וְיִבָּֽחֲנוּ֙ דִּבְרֵיכֶ֔ם הַֽאֱמֶ֖ת אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְאִם־לֹ֕א חֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֥י מְרַגְּלִ֖ים אַתֶּֽם׃ | Send one of you to bring your brother, but you will be kept in prison, and your words will be put to the test to see if you are truthful, and if not, by the life of Pharaoh, it will show that you are spies.” |
you will be kept in prison ← be imprisoned! (imperative).
you are truthful ← the truth (is) with you. |
| Gen 42:17 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛ם אֶל־מִשְׁמָ֖ר שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | And he rounded them up under guard for three days. | |
| Gen 42:18 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֤ם יוֹסֵף֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י זֹ֥את עֲשׂ֖וּ וִֽחְי֑וּ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יָרֵֽא׃ | And Joseph said this to them on the third day: “Do this and live, for I fear God. | |
| Gen 42:19 | אִם־כֵּנִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם אֲחִיכֶ֣ם אֶחָ֔ד יֵאָסֵ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית מִשְׁמַרְכֶ֑ם וְאַתֶּם֙ לְכ֣וּ הָבִ֔יאוּ שֶׁ֖בֶר רַעֲב֥וֹן בָּתֵּיכֶֽם׃ | If you are upright, let one of your brothers be kept imprisoned in the prison building you are in, while you go and take grain for the famine of your households. |
the prison building you are in ← the house of your custody.
take ← bring. |
| Gen 42:20 | וְאֶת־אֲחִיכֶ֤ם הַקָּטֹן֙ תָּבִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֔י וְיֵאָמְנ֥וּ דִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן׃ | And bring your youngest brother to me, and your words will be proved true, and you will not die.” And they did so. | |
| Gen 42:21 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֗יו אֲבָל֮ אֲשֵׁמִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַחְנוּ֮ עַל־אָחִינוּ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָאִ֜ינוּ צָרַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֛וֹ בְּהִתְחַֽנְנ֥וֹ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ וְלֹ֣א שָׁמָ֑עְנוּ עַל־כֵּן֙ בָּ֣אָה אֵלֵ֔ינוּ הַצָּרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And they said to one another, “Doubtless we are guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw his impassioned distress when he pleaded with us, and we did not take any notice. That is why this distress has come upon us.” |
to one another ← each / a man to his brother.
his impassioned distress ← the distress of his soul. take any notice ← hear. |
| Gen 42:22 | וַיַּעַן֩ רְאוּבֵ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלוֹא֩ אָמַ֨רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֧ם ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר אַל־תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ בַיֶּ֖לֶד וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־דָּמ֖וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה נִדְרָֽשׁ׃ | Then Reuben answered them and said, “Did I not say this to you when I said, ‘Do not sin against the lad’? But you did not listen, and look, his blood is duly required.” | duly ← also. |
| Gen 42:23 | וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ כִּ֥י שֹׁמֵ֖עַ יוֹסֵ֑ף כִּ֥י הַמֵּלִ֖יץ בֵּינֹתָֽם׃ | And they did not know that Joseph was listening, for there was an interpreter between them. | an interpreter ← the interpreter. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Gen 42:24 | וַיִּסֹּ֥ב מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיֵּ֑בְךְּ וַיָּ֤שָׁב אֲלֵהֶם֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתָּם֙ אֶת־שִׁמְע֔וֹן וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ר אֹת֖וֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he turned aside from them and wept, then he returned to them and spoke to them, and he took Simeon from them and bound him before their eyes. | |
| Gen 42:25 | וַיְצַ֣ו יוֹסֵ֗ף וַיְמַלְא֣וּ אֶת־כְּלֵיהֶם֮ בָּר֒ וּלְהָשִׁ֤יב כַּסְפֵּיהֶם֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־שַׂקּ֔וֹ וְלָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם צֵדָ֖ה לַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃ | And Joseph gave orders to fill their vessels with corn, and to restore each one's money in his sack, and to give them provision for the journey. This is what he did with them. |
journey ← way.
this ← thus. |
| Gen 42:26 | וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־שִׁבְרָ֖ם עַל־חֲמֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ מִשָּֽׁם׃ | So they lifted their grain onto their donkeys and departed from there. | |
| Gen 42:27 | וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח הָאֶחָ֜ד אֶת־שַׂקּ֗וֹ לָתֵ֥ת מִסְפּ֛וֹא לַחֲמֹר֖וֹ בַּמָּל֑וֹן וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־כַּסְפּ֔וֹ וְהִנֵּה־ה֖וּא בְּפִ֥י אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ | Then when one opened his sack to give fodder to his donkey at an inn, he saw his money, and there it was at the opening of his bag, | there it was ← behold it. |
| Gen 42:28 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ הוּשַׁ֣ב כַּסְפִּ֔י וְגַ֖ם הִנֵּ֣ה בְאַמְתַּחְתִּ֑י וַיֵּצֵ֣א לִבָּ֗ם וַיֶּֽחֶרְד֞וּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־זֹּ֛את עָשָׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים לָֽנוּ׃ | and he said to his brothers, “My money has been returned to me, and here it really is, in my bag.” And their heart fainted, and they trembled and said to each other, “What is this that God has done to us?” |
here it really is ← also behold.
fainted ← went out. to each other ← each / a man to his brother. |
| Gen 42:29 | וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל־יַעֲקֹ֥ב אֲבִיהֶ֖ם אַ֣רְצָה כְּנָ֑עַן וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַקֹּרֹ֥ת אֹתָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they came to Jacob their father in the land of Canaan, and they told him everything that had happened to them and said, |
in ← towards. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
that had happened ← (things) happening. |
| Gen 42:30 | דִּ֠בֶּר הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲדֹנֵ֥י הָאָ֛רֶץ אִתָּ֖נוּ קָשׁ֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֹתָ֔נוּ כִּֽמְרַגְּלִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | “The man who is the lord of the land spoke harshly with us and considered us spies on the land. | considered us ← gave us; put us down as. |
| Gen 42:31 | וַנֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו כֵּנִ֣ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ לֹ֥א הָיִ֖ינוּ מְרַגְּלִֽים׃ | And we said to him, ‘We are upright; we are not spies. | |
| Gen 42:32 | שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֲנַ֛חְנוּ אַחִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אָבִ֑ינוּ הָאֶחָ֣ד אֵינֶ֔נּוּ וְהַקָּטֹ֥ן הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־אָבִ֖ינוּ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | We are twelve brothers, the sons of our father. One of us is not to be found, and the youngest is with our father in the land of Canaan today.’ | |
| Gen 42:33 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֵ֗ינוּ הָאִישׁ֙ אֲדֹנֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּזֹ֣את אֵדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כֵנִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אֲחִיכֶ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ אִתִּ֔י וְאֶת־רַעֲב֥וֹן בָּתֵּיכֶ֖ם קְח֥וּ וָלֵֽכוּ׃ | Then the man who is the lord of the land said to us, ‘Here is how I will know that you are upright. Leave one of your brothers with me, and take relief for the famine of your households and go, | here is how ← by this. |
| Gen 42:34 | וְ֠הָבִיאוּ אֶת־אֲחִיכֶ֣ם הַקָּטֹן֮ אֵלַי֒ וְאֵֽדְעָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א מְרַגְּלִים֙ אַתֶּ֔ם כִּ֥י כֵנִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אֶת־אֲחִיכֶם֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ תִּסְחָֽרוּ׃ | and bring your youngest brother to me so that I know that you are not spies – that you are upright. Then I will give you back your brother, and you can trade in the land.’ ” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Gen 42:35 | וַיְהִ֗י הֵ֚ם מְרִיקִ֣ים שַׂקֵּיהֶ֔ם וְהִנֵּה־אִ֥ישׁ צְרוֹר־כַּסְפּ֖וֹ בְּשַׂקּ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֞וּ אֶת־צְרֹר֧וֹת כַּסְפֵּיהֶ֛ם הֵ֥מָּה וַאֲבִיהֶ֖ם וַיִּירָֽאוּ׃ | And it came to pass when they emptied their sacks that for each one there was his money-purse in his sack, and they saw their money-purses, they and their father, and they were afraid. | there was ← behold. |
| Gen 42:36 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֣ב אֲבִיהֶ֔ם אֹתִ֖י שִׁכַּלְתֶּ֑ם יוֹסֵ֤ף אֵינֶ֙נּוּ֙ וְשִׁמְע֣וֹן אֵינֶ֔נּוּ וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִ֣ן תִּקָּ֔חוּ עָלַ֖י הָי֥וּ כֻלָּֽנָה׃ | Then Jacob their father said to them, “You have bereaved me: Joseph is not to be found, and Simeon is not around, and you want to take Benjamin away. All these things are against me.” | |
| Gen 42:37 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַי֙ תָּמִ֔ית אִם־לֹ֥א אֲבִיאֶ֖נּוּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ תְּנָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־יָדִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | Then Reuben spoke to his father and said, “You can kill my two sons if I do not bring him to you. Put him in my charge, and I will bring him back to you.” | charge ← hand. |
| Gen 42:38 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־יֵרֵ֥ד בְּנִ֖י עִמָּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אָחִ֨יו מֵ֜ת וְה֧וּא לְבַדּ֣וֹ נִשְׁאָ֗ר וּקְרָאָ֤הוּ אָסוֹן֙ בַּדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וְהוֹרַדְתֶּ֧ם אֶת־שֵׂיבָתִ֛י בְּיָג֖וֹן שְׁאֽוֹלָה׃ | But he said, “My son will not go down with you, for his brother is dead and he alone remains, and if misfortune were to befall him on the way you are going, then you would bring my old age down to the grave in grief.” | |
| Gen 43:1 | וְהָרָעָ֖ב כָּבֵ֥ד בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the famine was severe in the land. | |
| Gen 43:2 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כִּלּוּ֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֔בֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֲבִיהֶ֔ם שֻׁ֖בוּ שִׁבְרוּ־לָ֥נוּ מְעַט־אֹֽכֶל׃ | And it came to pass, when they had finished eating the grain which they had brought from Egypt, that their father said to them, “Go back and buy us a little food.” | |
| Gen 43:3 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הָעֵ֣ד הֵעִד֩ בָּ֨נוּ הָאִ֤ישׁ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י בִּלְתִּ֖י אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | Then Judah spoke to him and said, “The man solemnly testified to us and said, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’ | solemnly testified: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 43:4 | אִם־יֶשְׁךָ֛ מְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ אֶת־אָחִ֖ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ נֵרְדָ֕ה וְנִשְׁבְּרָ֥ה לְךָ֖ אֹֽכֶל׃ | If you let our brother go with us, we will go down and buy you food. | |
| Gen 43:5 | וְאִם־אֵינְךָ֥ מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ לֹ֣א נֵרֵ֑ד כִּֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אָמַ֤ר אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י בִּלְתִּ֖י אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | But if you don't let him go, we will not go down, for the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’ ” | |
| Gen 43:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָמָ֥ה הֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם לִ֑י לְהַגִּ֣יד לָאִ֔ישׁ הַע֥וֹד לָכֶ֖ם אָֽח׃ | Then Israel said, “Why have you treated me so badly by telling the man that you had another brother?” | by telling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 43:7 | וַיֹּאמְר֡וּ שָׁא֣וֹל שָֽׁאַל־הָ֠אִישׁ לָ֣נוּ וּלְמֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הַע֨וֹד אֲבִיכֶ֥ם חַי֙ הֲיֵ֣שׁ לָכֶ֣ם אָ֔ח וַנַ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ עַל־פִּ֖י הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲיָד֣וֹעַ נֵדַ֔ע כִּ֣י יֹאמַ֔ר הוֹרִ֖ידוּ אֶת־אֲחִיכֶֽם׃ | And they said, “The man persistently asked about us and our family and said, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you got a brother?’ And we answered him in accordance with these things. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down’?” |
persistently asked: infinitive absolute.
could we possibly know: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 43:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָבִ֗יו שִׁלְחָ֥ה הַנַּ֛עַר אִתִּ֖י וְנָק֣וּמָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה וְנִֽחְיֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א נָמ֔וּת גַּם־אֲנַ֥חְנוּ גַם־אַתָּ֖ה גַּם־טַפֵּֽנוּ׃ | Then Judah said to Israel his father, “Send the lad with me, and we will get up and go, and we will live and not die, neither us, nor you, nor our little ones. | |
| Gen 43:9 | אָֽנֹכִי֙ אֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּ מִיָּדִ֖י תְּבַקְשֶׁ֑נּוּ אִם־לֹ֨א הֲבִיאֹתִ֤יו אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ וְהִצַּגְתִּ֣יו לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְחָטָ֥אתִֽי לְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | I will be security for him. You can require it from my hand if I do not bring him back to you and set him before you, for I would be in sin before you all my days. | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Gen 43:10 | כִּ֖י לוּלֵ֣א הִתְמַהְמָ֑הְנוּ כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה שַׁ֖בְנוּ זֶ֥ה פַעֲמָֽיִם׃ | For if it wasn't for us delaying, then we would have been back by now twice over.” | |
| Gen 43:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אֲבִיהֶ֗ם אִם־כֵּ֣ן ׀ אֵפוֹא֮ זֹ֣את עֲשׂוּ֒ קְח֞וּ מִזִּמְרַ֤ת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהוֹרִ֥ידוּ לָאִ֖ישׁ מִנְחָ֑ה מְעַ֤ט צֳרִי֙ וּמְעַ֣ט דְּבַ֔שׁ נְכֹ֣את וָלֹ֔ט בָּטְנִ֖ים וּשְׁקֵדִֽים׃ | Then Israel their father said to them, “If it is like this, then do this: take some of the select produce of the land in your vessels and take a gift down to the man – a little balsam and a little honey, spicery and fine myrrh, pistachio nuts and almonds. | select ← sung of. |
| Gen 43:12 | וְכֶ֥סֶף מִשְׁנֶ֖ה קְח֣וּ בְיֶדְכֶ֑ם וְאֶת־הַכֶּ֜סֶף הַמּוּשָׁ֨ב בְּפִ֤י אַמְתְּחֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ תָּשִׁ֣יבוּ בְיֶדְכֶ֔ם אוּלַ֥י מִשְׁגֶּ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And take double money in your hand, and take back in your hand the money that was restored in the opening of your bags – perhaps it was a mistake. | |
| Gen 43:13 | וְאֶת־אֲחִיכֶ֖ם קָ֑חוּ וְק֖וּמוּ שׁ֥וּבוּ אֶל־הָאִֽישׁ׃ | And take your brother and get up and go back to the man. | |
| Gen 43:14 | וְאֵ֣ל שַׁדַּ֗י יִתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֤ם רַחֲמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ וְשִׁלַּ֥ח לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־אֲחִיכֶ֥ם אַחֵ֖ר וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִ֑ין וַאֲנִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁכֹ֖לְתִּי שָׁכָֽלְתִּי׃ | And may God Almighty give you favour before the man, and may he let you go with your other brother and with Benjamin. And as for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.” | favour ← mercy. |
| Gen 43:15 | וַיִּקְח֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וּמִשְׁנֶה־כֶּ֛סֶף לָקְח֥וּ בְיָדָ֖ם וְאֶת־בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ וַיֵּרְד֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף׃ | So the men took this present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin, and they got up and went down to Egypt, and they stood before Joseph. | |
| Gen 43:16 | וַיַּ֨רְא יוֹסֵ֣ף אִתָּם֮ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָבֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַבָּ֑יְתָה וּטְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ וְהָכֵ֔ן כִּ֥י אִתִּ֛י יֹאכְל֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ | And Joseph saw Benjamin with them, and he said to him who was over his house, “Bring the men into the house, and butcher meat and prepare it, for the men will dine with me at noon.” | |
| Gen 43:17 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָאִ֔ישׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיָּבֵ֥א הָאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בֵּ֥יתָה יוֹסֵֽף׃ | Then the man did what Joseph had said, and the man brought the men into Joseph's house. | |
| Gen 43:18 | וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּ֣י הֽוּבְאוּ֮ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵף֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ עַל־דְּבַ֤ר הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַשָּׁ֤ב בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מֽוּבָאִ֑ים לְהִתְגֹּלֵ֤ל עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהִתְנַפֵּ֣ל עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְלָקַ֧חַת אֹתָ֛נוּ לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמֹרֵֽינוּ׃ | And the men were afraid when they were brought into Joseph's house, and they said, “It is because of the matter of the money which was restored in our bags at the start that we have been brought in, to rush upon us and fall upon us and take us as slaves, and our donkeys.” | which was restored ← which came back. |
| Gen 43:19 | וַֽיִּגְּשׁוּ֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו פֶּ֥תַח הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And they approached the man who was over Joseph's house and spoke to him at the door of the house, | |
| Gen 43:20 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֑י יָרֹ֥ד יָרַ֛דְנוּ בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃ | and they said, “Please, my lord, we really only came down from the start to buy food. |
we really only came down: infinitive absolute.
from the start ← in the start. |
| Gen 43:21 | וַֽיְהִ֞י כִּי־בָ֣אנוּ אֶל־הַמָּל֗וֹן וַֽנִּפְתְּחָה֙ אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּ וְהִנֵּ֤ה כֶֽסֶף־אִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣י אַמְתַּחְתּ֔וֹ כַּסְפֵּ֖נוּ בְּמִשְׁקָל֑וֹ וַנָּ֥שֶׁב אֹת֖וֹ בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃ | And we came to an inn, and we opened our bags, and what we saw was that each man's money was in the opening of his bag – our money in full weight – and we have brought it back in our hand. |
an inn ← the inn. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
what we saw was that ← behold. in full weight ← in its weight. |
| Gen 43:22 | וְכֶ֧סֶף אַחֵ֛ר הוֹרַ֥דְנוּ בְיָדֵ֖נוּ לִשְׁבָּר־אֹ֑כֶל לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְנוּ מִי־שָׂ֥ם כַּסְפֵּ֖נוּ בְּאַמְתְּחֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | And we have brought more money down in our hand to buy food. We don't know who put our money in our bags.” | more ← other. |
| Gen 43:23 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שָׁל֨וֹם לָכֶ֜ם אַל־תִּירָ֗אוּ אֱלֹ֨הֵיכֶ֜ם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֤י אֲבִיכֶם֙ נָתַ֨ן לָכֶ֤ם מַטְמוֹן֙ בְּאַמְתְּחֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם כַּסְפְּכֶ֖ם בָּ֣א אֵלָ֑י וַיּוֹצֵ֥א אֲלֵהֶ֖ם אֶת־שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | And he said, “Peace to you. Do not be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your bags. Your money was brought to me.” Then he brought Simeon out to them. | was brought ← came. Qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Isa 10:34. |
| Gen 43:24 | וַיָּבֵ֥א הָאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בֵּ֣יתָה יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיִּתֶּן־מַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּרְחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתֵּ֥ן מִסְפּ֖וֹא לַחֲמֹֽרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and he gave them water, and they washed their feet, and he gave their donkeys fodder. | |
| Gen 43:25 | וַיָּכִ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה עַד־בּ֥וֹא יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּי־שָׁ֖ם יֹ֥אכְלוּ לָֽחֶם׃ | Meanwhile they prepared their gift, until Joseph came out at noon, for they had heard that they would eat bread there. |
meanwhile: wider use of the vav.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Gen 43:26 | וַיָּבֹ֤א יוֹסֵף֙ הַבַּ֔יְתָה וַיָּבִ֥יאּוּ ל֛וֹ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדָ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֖וֹ אָֽרְצָה׃ | Then when Joseph came home, they brought the present for him which was in their hand into the house, and they bowed down to him to the ground. | |
| Gen 43:27 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל לָהֶם֙ לְשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲשָׁל֛וֹם אֲבִיכֶ֥ם הַזָּקֵ֖ן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֑ם הַעוֹדֶ֖נּוּ חָֽי׃ | And he asked them how they were and said, “Is your elderly father whom you spoke of well? Is he still alive?” | how they were ← about their peace. |
| Gen 43:28 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שָׁל֛וֹם לְעַבְדְּךָ֥ לְאָבִ֖ינוּ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ חָ֑י וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ *וישתחו **וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃ | And they said, “Your servant our father is well; he is still alive.” And they bowed the head and bowed down. |
bowed down: ketiv and qeré as in Gen 27:29.
is well ← (there is) peace to. |
| Gen 43:29 | וַיִּשָּׂ֣א עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־בִּנְיָמִ֣ין אָחִיו֮ בֶּן־אִמּוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲזֶה֙ אֲחִיכֶ֣ם הַקָּטֹ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים יָחְנְךָ֖ בְּנִֽי׃ | And he raised his eyes, and he saw Benjamin his brother, the son of his mother, and he said, “Is this your youngest brother about whom you spoke to me?” And he said, “God be gracious to you, my son.” | |
| Gen 43:30 | וַיְמַהֵ֣ר יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּֽי־נִכְמְר֤וּ רַחֲמָיו֙ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לִבְכּ֑וֹת וַיָּבֹ֥א הַחַ֖דְרָה וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | Then Joseph made haste, for he burned with feelings of compassion towards his brother, and he needed to weep, and he went into a room and wept there. |
he burned with feelings of compassion ← his feelings of compassion burned.
needed ← sought. |
| Gen 43:31 | וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ פָּנָ֖יו וַיֵּצֵ֑א וַיִּ֨תְאַפַּ֔ק וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׂ֥ימוּ לָֽחֶם׃ | Then he washed his face and went out, and he restrained himself and said, “Serve bread.” | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Gen 43:32 | וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לְבַדּ֖וֹ וְלָהֶ֣ם לְבַדָּ֑ם וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים הָאֹכְלִ֤ים אִתּוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוּכְל֜וּן הַמִּצְרִ֗ים לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לְמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they served him on his own, and them on their own, and the Egyptians who ate with him on their own, for the Egyptians cannot eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians. | the Egyptians (third occurrence in verse) ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Gen 43:33 | וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו הַבְּכֹר֙ כִּבְכֹ֣רָת֔וֹ וְהַצָּעִ֖יר כִּצְעִרָת֑וֹ וַיִּתְמְה֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | And they sat before him, the firstborn in the firstborn's place, and the youngest in the youngest's place, and the men looked at each other with astonishment. |
the firstborn's place ← his firstbornship.
the youngest's place ← his “youngerbornship”. |
| Gen 43:34 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א מַשְׂאֹ֜ת מֵאֵ֣ת פָּנָיו֮ אֲלֵהֶם֒ וַתֵּ֜רֶב מַשְׂאַ֧ת בִּנְיָמִ֛ן מִמַּשְׂאֹ֥ת כֻּלָּ֖ם חָמֵ֣שׁ יָד֑וֹת וַיִּשְׁתּ֥וּ וַֽיִּשְׁכְּר֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And he had helpings served to them in his presence, and Benjamin's helping was five times bigger than the helping of any of them, and they drank and became inebriated with him. |
had helpings served ← presented helpings as a gift (qal for passive of hiphil).
any ← all. |
| Gen 44:1 | וַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַלֵּ֞א אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֹ֔כֶל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יוּכְל֖וּן שְׂאֵ֑ת וְשִׂ֥ים כֶּֽסֶף־אִ֖ישׁ בְּפִ֥י אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ | Then he instructed him who was over his house, and he said, “Fill the men's bags with food, as much as they can carry, and put money in each one's opening of his bag. | |
| Gen 44:2 | וְאֶת־גְּבִיעִ֞י גְּבִ֣יעַ הַכֶּ֗סֶף תָּשִׂים֙ בְּפִי֙ אַמְתַּ֣חַת הַקָּטֹ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת כֶּ֣סֶף שִׁבְר֑וֹ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ | But put my goblet, the silver goblet, in the opening of the bag of the youngest, and the money for his grain.” And he acted according to the words which Joseph had spoken. | words which Joseph had spoken ← word of Joseph which he had spoken. |
| Gen 44:3 | הַבֹּ֖קֶר א֑וֹר וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים שֻׁלְּח֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַחֲמֹרֵיהֶֽם׃ | The morning dawned and the men were sent off – they and their donkeys. | dawned ← became light. |
| Gen 44:4 | הֵ֠ם יָֽצְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֮ לֹ֣א הִרְחִיקוּ֒ וְיוֹסֵ֤ף אָמַר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ ק֥וּם רְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃ | They went out of the city, and they had not gone far, when Joseph said to him who was over his house, “Get up and pursue the men, and when you have caught up with them, say to them, ‘Why have you requited me bad for good? | |
| Gen 44:5 | הֲל֣וֹא זֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁתֶּ֤ה אֲדֹנִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וְה֕וּא נַחֵ֥שׁ יְנַחֵ֖שׁ בּ֑וֹ הֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | Is not this what my master drinks from? And doesn't he keenly divine with it? You have done wrong in what you have done.’ ” | keenly divine: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 44:6 | וַֽיַּשִּׂגֵ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | So he caught up with them and said these things to them. | |
| Gen 44:7 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו לָ֚מָּה יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲדֹנִ֔י כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה חָלִ֙ילָה֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they said to him, “Why does my lord say these things? Far be it from your servants to do such a thing as this. | |
| Gen 44:8 | הֵ֣ן כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָצָ֙אנוּ֙ בְּפִ֣י אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּ הֱשִׁיבֹ֥נוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְאֵ֗יךְ נִגְנֹב֙ מִבֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ כֶּ֖סֶף א֥וֹ זָהָֽב׃ | Look, we brought the money which we found in the opening of our bags back to you from the land of Canaan, so how could we steal silver or gold from the house of your lord? | |
| Gen 44:9 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֥א אִתּ֛וֹ מֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וָמֵ֑ת וְגַם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ נִֽהְיֶ֥ה לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לַעֲבָדִֽים׃ | Let him among your servants who is found with it die, and let the rest of us too become servants to my lord.” | |
| Gen 44:10 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־עַתָּ֥ה כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם כֶּן־ה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֤א אִתּוֹ֙ יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּהְי֥וּ נְקִיִּֽם׃ | And he said, “Let it duly be so now, according to your words. He who is found with it will be my servant, but the rest of you will be clear.” | duly ← also. |
| Gen 44:11 | וַֽיְמַהֲר֗וּ וַיּוֹרִ֛דוּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּ֖וֹ אָ֑רְצָה וַֽיִּפְתְּח֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ | Then they made haste and each one brought his bag down to the ground, and each one opened his bag. | |
| Gen 44:12 | וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ בַּגָּד֣וֹל הֵחֵ֔ל וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּלָּ֑ה וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ הַגָּבִ֔יעַ בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | And he searched, starting with the oldest, and finishing with the youngest, and the goblet was found in Benjamin's bag. |
starting ← he started.
finishing ← he finished. |
| Gen 44:13 | וַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה׃ | And they tore their clothes, and each loaded his luggage on his donkey, and they returned to the city. | |
| Gen 44:14 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוּדָ֤ה וְאֶחָיו֙ בֵּ֣יתָה יוֹסֵ֔ף וְה֖וּא עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ שָׁ֑ם וַיִּפְּל֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | And Judah and his brothers returned to Joseph's house, and he was still there, and they fell down to the ground before him. | |
| Gen 44:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יוֹסֵ֔ף מָֽה־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם הֲל֣וֹא יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם כִּֽי־נַחֵ֧שׁ יְנַחֵ֛שׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּמֹֽנִי׃ | And Joseph said to them, “What is this deed you have done? Were you not aware that a man like me keenly divines?” | keenly divines: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 44:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה מַה־נֹּאמַר֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י מַה־נְּדַבֵּ֖ר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים מָצָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הִנֶּנּ֤וּ עֲבָדִים֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ גַּ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And Judah said, “What can we say to my lord? What can we speak and how can we justify ourselves? God has found the iniquity of your servants. Here we are as servants to my lord, both we and he in whose hand the goblet was found.” | here we are ← behold us. |
| Gen 44:17 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֔י מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת זֹ֑את הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א הַגָּבִ֜יעַ בְּיָד֗וֹ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֕ם עֲל֥וּ לְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־אֲבִיכֶֽם׃ פ | Then he said, “Far be it from me to do that. The man in whose hand the goblet was found – he will be my servant, but you go up in peace to your father.” | |
| Gen 44:18 | וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ אֵלָ֜יו יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּאמֶר֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִי֒ יְדַבֶּר־נָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֤ דָבָר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְאַל־יִ֥חַר אַפְּךָ֖ בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י כָמ֖וֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Judah approached him and said, “Please, my lord, let your servant speak a word in my lord's ears. Do not become angry with your servant, for you are like Pharaoh. | you are like Pharaoh ← as you as Pharaoh. |
| Gen 44:19 | אֲדֹנִ֣י שָׁאַ֔ל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲיֵשׁ־לָכֶ֥ם אָ֖ב אוֹ־אָֽח׃ | My lord asked his servants and said, ‘Have you got a father or brother?’ | |
| Gen 44:20 | וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י יֶשׁ־לָ֙נוּ֙ אָ֣ב זָקֵ֔ן וְיֶ֥לֶד זְקֻנִ֖ים קָטָ֑ן וְאָחִ֨יו מֵ֜ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֨ר ה֧וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ לְאִמּ֖וֹ וְאָבִ֥יו אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ | And we said to our lord, ‘We have an elderly father, and a small child of his old age, but his brother is dead, and he alone remains to his mother, and his father loves him.’ | to his mother: i.e. as a son of his mother. |
| Gen 44:21 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ אֵלָ֑י וְאָשִׂ֥ימָה עֵינִ֖י עָלָֽיו׃ | And you said to your servants, ‘Bring him down to me, and let me set my eye on him.’ | |
| Gen 44:22 | וַנֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֔י לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל הַנַּ֖עַר לַעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֑יו וְעָזַ֥ב אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וָמֵֽת׃ | And we said to my lord, ‘The lad cannot leave his father. If he leaves his father, his father will die.’ |
if: conditional use of the vav.
his father ← he. On the liberal use of pronouns, see Gen 41:13. |
| Gen 44:23 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ אִם־לֹ֥א יֵרֵ֛ד אֲחִיכֶ֥ם הַקָּטֹ֖ן אִתְּכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לִרְא֥וֹת פָּנָֽי׃ | But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’ | |
| Gen 44:24 | וַיְהִי֙ כִּ֣י עָלִ֔ינוּ אֶֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֖ אָבִ֑י וַנַּ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | So it was that we went up to your servant our father and told him the words of my lord. | |
| Gen 44:25 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָבִ֑ינוּ שֻׁ֖בוּ שִׁבְרוּ־לָ֥נוּ מְעַט־אֹֽכֶל׃ | And our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’ | |
| Gen 44:26 | וַנֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לָרֶ֑דֶת אִם־יֵשׁ֩ אָחִ֨ינוּ הַקָּטֹ֤ן אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ וְיָרַ֔דְנוּ כִּי־לֹ֣א נוּכַ֗ל לִרְאוֹת֙ פְּנֵ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ וְאָחִ֥ינוּ הַקָּטֹ֖ן אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אִתָּֽנוּ׃ | And we said, ‘We cannot go down. If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go down, because we cannot see the man's face if our youngest brother is not with us.’ | if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Gen 44:27 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר עַבְדְּךָ֥ אָבִ֖י אֵלֵ֑ינוּ אַתֶּ֣ם יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם כִּ֥י שְׁנַ֖יִם יָֽלְדָה־לִּ֥י אִשְׁתִּֽי׃ | And your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife bore two sons to me. | |
| Gen 44:28 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָֽאֶחָד֙ מֵֽאִתִּ֔י וָאֹמַ֕ר אַ֖ךְ טָרֹ֣ף טֹרָ֑ף וְלֹ֥א רְאִיתִ֖יו עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃ | And one went out from me, and I said, «He must have been torn apart», and I have not seen him up to now. | he must have been torn apart: qal infinitive absolute with a pual finite verb. |
| Gen 44:29 | וּלְקַחְתֶּ֧ם גַּם־אֶת־זֶ֛ה מֵעִ֥ם פָּנַ֖י וְקָרָ֣הוּ אָס֑וֹן וְהֽוֹרַדְתֶּ֧ם אֶת־שֵׂיבָתִ֛י בְּרָעָ֖ה שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ | And you have taken this one too from my presence, and if any misfortune should befall him, you would bring my old age down to the grave in a bad way.’ | if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Gen 44:30 | וְעַתָּ֗ה כְּבֹאִי֙ אֶל־עַבְדְּךָ֣ אָבִ֔י וְהַנַּ֖עַר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ קְשׁוּרָ֥ה בְנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ | So now, if I go to your servant my father, and the lad is not with us, while one's life is bound up with the other's life, |
one's ... the other's ← his (Jacob's) ... his (Benjamin's).
life (2x) ← soul. |
| Gen 44:31 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ כִּי־אֵ֥ין הַנַּ֖עַר וָמֵ֑ת וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ אֶת־שֵׂיבַ֨ת עַבְדְּךָ֥ אָבִ֛ינוּ בְּיָג֖וֹן שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ | it would happen that when he saw that the lad was not there, he would die, and your servants would bring the old age of your servant our father down to the grave in grief, | |
| Gen 44:32 | כִּ֤י עַבְדְּךָ֙ עָרַ֣ב אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר מֵעִ֥ם אָבִ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־לֹ֤א אֲבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְחָטָ֥אתִי לְאָבִ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | for your servant became security for the lad with my father and said, ‘If I do not bring him to you, I will be in sin to my father all my days.’ | |
| Gen 44:33 | וְעַתָּ֗ה יֵֽשֶׁב־נָ֤א עַבְדְּךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַנַּ֔עַר עֶ֖בֶד לַֽאדֹנִ֑י וְהַנַּ֖עַר יַ֥עַל עִם־אֶחָֽיו׃ | So now, please let your servant stay instead of the lad, as a servant to my lord, and may the lad go up with his brothers. | |
| Gen 44:34 | כִּי־אֵיךְ֙ אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה אֶל־אָבִ֔י וְהַנַּ֖עַר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ אִתִּ֑י פֶּ֚ן אֶרְאֶ֣ה בָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִמְצָ֖א אֶת־אָבִֽי׃ | For how can I go up to my father if the lad is not with me? Otherwise, I would see the harm that would come upon my father.” | come upon ← find. |
| Gen 45:1 | וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק לְכֹ֤ל הַנִּצָּבִים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָ֕א הוֹצִ֥יאוּ כָל־אִ֖ישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י וְלֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו׃ | Then Joseph could not restrain himself regarding all those standing around him, and he called out, “Have everyone go out from my presence.” Then no-one was standing with him when Joseph made himself known to his brothers. | around ← at. |
| Gen 45:2 | וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֶת־קֹל֖וֹ בִּבְכִ֑י וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then he raised his voice with weeping, and the Egyptians heard it, and Pharaoh's household heard it. |
raised ← gave.
the Egyptians ← Egypt. But there is no difference in consonantal spelling between Egypt and Egyptians, and the word often takes a plural verb, as here. |
| Gen 45:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֲנִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף הַע֥וֹד אָבִ֖י חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִבְהֲל֖וּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | And Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph. Is my father still alive?” And his brothers could not answer him, for they were alarmed at his presence. | |
| Gen 45:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶל־אֶחָ֛יו גְּשׁוּ־נָ֥א אֵלַ֖י וַיִּגָּ֑שׁוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֲנִי֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף אֲחִיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתִ֖י מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | Then Joseph said to his brothers, “Come close to me.” And they came close. Then he said, “I am Joseph your brother whom you sold to Egypt. | |
| Gen 45:5 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ אַל־תֵּעָ֣צְב֗וּ וְאַל־יִ֙חַר֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתִ֖י הֵ֑נָּה כִּ֣י לְמִֽחְיָ֔ה שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֖ים לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | So now, do not be grieved, and do not be angry with yourselves for selling me here, for God sent me here ahead of you as a means of preserving life. |
do not be angry with yourselves ← do not let it be kindled in your eyes.
for selling me ← that you sold me. |
| Gen 45:6 | כִּי־זֶ֛ה שְׁנָתַ֥יִם הָרָעָ֖ב בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעוֹד֙ חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־חָרִ֖ישׁ וְקָצִּֽיר׃ | For it has been two years of famine in the land, and there are still five years to go in which there is no ploughing or harvest. | in ← in the midst of. |
| Gen 45:7 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהִים֙ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם לָשׂ֥וּם לָכֶ֛ם שְׁאֵרִ֖ית בָּאָ֑רֶץ וּלְהַחֲי֣וֹת לָכֶ֔ם לִפְלֵיטָ֖ה גְּדֹלָֽה׃ | And God sent me ahead of you to establish you as a remnant in the land and to preserve you alive with great deliverance. | |
| Gen 45:8 | וְעַתָּ֗ה לֹֽא־אַתֶּ֞ם שְׁלַחְתֶּ֤ם אֹתִי֙ הֵ֔נָּה כִּ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיְשִׂימֵ֨נִֽי לְאָ֜ב לְפַרְעֹ֗ה וּלְאָדוֹן֙ לְכָל־בֵּית֔וֹ וּמֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God, and he appointed me to be a father to Pharaoh, and a master over all his house, and a ruler over all the land of Egypt. | |
| Gen 45:9 | מַהֲרוּ֮ וַעֲל֣וּ אֶל־אָבִי֒ וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ בִּנְךָ֣ יוֹסֵ֔ף שָׂמַ֧נִי אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאָד֖וֹן לְכָל־מִצְרָ֑יִם רְדָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹֽד׃ | Make haste and go up to my father and say to him, ‘This is what your son Joseph says: «God has appointed me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me and do not stay around. |
this is what ← thus.
stay around ← stand. |
| Gen 45:10 | וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֣ בְאֶֽרֶץ־גֹּ֗שֶׁן וְהָיִ֤יתָ קָרוֹב֙ אֵלַ֔י אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֖יךָ וּבְנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יךָ וְצֹאנְךָ֥ וּבְקָרְךָ֖ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ | And you will live in the land of Goshen, and you will be near to me, you and your sons and your grandsons, and your sheep and your cattle and everything that is yours. | |
| Gen 45:11 | וְכִלְכַּלְתִּ֤י אֹֽתְךָ֙ שָׁ֔ם כִּי־ע֛וֹד חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים רָעָ֑ב פֶּן־תִּוָּרֵ֛שׁ אַתָּ֥ה וּבֵֽיתְךָ֖ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ | And I will sustain you there, for there are still five years of famine, so that you don't become destitute – you and your household and everyone belonging to you.» ’ |
there are still five years of famine ← there will still (be) famine for five years.
everyone: or everything. |
| Gen 45:12 | וְהִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ רֹא֔וֹת וְעֵינֵ֖י אָחִ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ין כִּי־פִ֖י הַֽמְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And look, your eyes see, as do my brother Benjamin's eyes, that it is my mouth that is speaking to you. | |
| Gen 45:13 | וְהִגַּדְתֶּ֣ם לְאָבִ֗י אֶת־כָּל־כְּבוֹדִי֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֑ם וּמִֽהַרְתֶּ֛ם וְהוֹרַדְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־אָבִ֖י הֵֽנָּה׃ | And tell my father about all my glory in Egypt, and everything you have seen, and make haste to bring my father down here.” | |
| Gen 45:14 | וַיִּפֹּ֛ל עַל־צַוְּארֵ֥י בִנְיָמִֽן־אָחִ֖יו וַיֵּ֑בְךְּ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּכָ֖ה עַל־צַוָּארָֽיו׃ | And he fell around the neck of Benjamin his brother and wept, and Benjamin wept around his neck. | around (2x) ← on. |
| Gen 45:15 | וַיְנַשֵּׁ֥ק לְכָל־אֶחָ֖יו וַיֵּ֣בְךְּ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן דִּבְּר֥וּ אֶחָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And he kissed all his brothers, and he wept against them, and after that his brothers spoke with him. | |
| Gen 45:16 | וְהַקֹּ֣ל נִשְׁמַ֗ע בֵּ֤ית פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֖אוּ אֲחֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּבְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And the report was heard in Pharaoh's house, where they said, “Joseph's brothers have come.” And it was a good thing in Pharaoh's eyes and in the eyes of his servants. | report ← voice, but also report. |
| Gen 45:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־אַחֶ֖יךָ זֹ֣את עֲשׂ֑וּ טַֽעֲנוּ֙ אֶת־בְּעִ֣ירְכֶ֔ם וּלְכוּ־בֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers to do this: ‘Load your beasts of burden and do a round trip to the land of Canaan, | do a round trip ← go-come. |
| Gen 45:18 | וּקְח֧וּ אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֛ם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּיכֶ֖ם וּבֹ֣אוּ אֵלָ֑י וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה לָכֶ֗ם אֶת־טוּב֙ אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאִכְל֖וּ אֶת־חֵ֥לֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and take your father, and your households, and come to me, and I will give you the goodness of the land of Egypt, and eat the fat of the land.’ | |
| Gen 45:19 | וְאַתָּ֥ה צֻוֵּ֖יתָה זֹ֣את עֲשׂ֑וּ קְחוּ־לָכֶם֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם עֲגָל֗וֹת לְטַפְּכֶם֙ וְלִנְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם וּנְשָׂאתֶ֥ם אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֖ם וּבָאתֶֽם׃ | And you are commanded to do this: get yourselves wagons from the land of Egypt, for your little ones, and your wives, and bring your father, and come here. | |
| Gen 45:20 | וְעֵ֣ינְכֶ֔ם אַל־תָּחֹ֖ס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶ֑ם כִּי־ט֛וּב כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָכֶ֥ם הֽוּא׃ | And don't let your eye grieve over your goods, for the goodness of all the land of Egypt is yours.” | grieve over your goods ← pity your utensils. We take the sense to be feeling regret for the items left behind. |
| Gen 45:21 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֥ם יוֹסֵ֛ף עֲגָל֖וֹת עַל־פִּ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֛ם צֵדָ֖ה לַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | So the sons of Israel did this, and Joseph gave them wagons according to Pharaoh's bidding, and he gave them provisions for the journey. |
this ← thus.
bidding ← mouth. journey ← way. |
| Gen 45:22 | לְכֻלָּ֥ם נָתַ֛ן לָאִ֖ישׁ חֲלִפ֣וֹת שְׂמָלֹ֑ת וּלְבִנְיָמִ֤ן נָתַן֙ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת כֶּ֔סֶף וְחָמֵ֖שׁ חֲלִפֹ֥ת שְׂמָלֹֽת׃ | He gave all of them individually changes of clothing, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing. | individually ← to each or to the man. |
| Gen 45:23 | וּלְאָבִ֞יו שָׁלַ֤ח כְּזֹאת֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה חֲמֹרִ֔ים נֹשְׂאִ֖ים מִטּ֣וּב מִצְרָ֑יִם וְעֶ֣שֶׂר אֲתֹנֹ֡ת נֹֽ֠שְׂאֹת בָּ֣ר וָלֶ֧חֶם וּמָז֛וֹן לְאָבִ֖יו לַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | And this is what he sent to his father: ten donkeys carrying some of the goodness of Egypt, ten she-asses carrying corn and bread and food for his father for the journey. | this is what ← as this. |
| Gen 45:24 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַֽל־תִּרְגְּז֖וּ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | So he sent his brothers off, and they departed, and he said to them, “Do not be perturbed on the way.” | be perturbed: see Eph 4:26, Ps 4:5 (Ps 4:4AV). |
| Gen 45:25 | וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | And they went up from Egypt, and they came to the land of Canaan, to Jacob their father. | |
| Gen 45:26 | וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ ל֜וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר ע֚וֹד יוֹסֵ֣ף חַ֔י וְכִֽי־ה֥וּא מֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֣פָג לִבּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י לֹא־הֶאֱמִ֖ין לָהֶֽם׃ | And they told him about it and said, “Joseph is still alive”, and that he was ruler over all the land of Egypt. At this his heart became frigid, for he did not believe them. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Gen 45:27 | וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֵ֣ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֲגָל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יוֹסֵ֖ף לָשֵׂ֣את אֹת֑וֹ וַתְּחִ֕י ר֖וּחַ יַעֲקֹ֥ב אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | And they told him all Joseph's words which he had spoken to them, and when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived. | revived ← lived. Repetition or restoration is not always expressed in Hebrew. Compare built for rebuilt in Isa 44:26 and many other places. |
| Gen 45:28 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֛ב עוֹד־יוֹסֵ֥ף בְּנִ֖י חָ֑י אֵֽלְכָ֥ה וְאֶרְאֶ֖נּוּ בְּטֶ֥רֶם אָמֽוּת׃ | And Israel said, “It is great that my son Joseph is still alive. I will go and see him before I die.” | |
| Gen 46:1 | וַיִּסַּ֤ע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖א בְּאֵ֣רָה שָּׁ֑בַע וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח זְבָחִ֔ים לֵאלֹהֵ֖י אָבִ֥יו יִצְחָֽק׃ | So Israel travelled with all his belongings, and he arrived at Beersheba, and he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. |
at ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
offered ← sacrificed. |
| Gen 46:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּמַרְאֹ֣ת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֣ב ׀ יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And God spoke to Israel in nightly visions, and he said, “Jacob, Jacob.” And he said, “Here I am.” | here I am ← behold me. |
| Gen 46:3 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֥י הָאֵ֖ל אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ אַל־תִּירָא֙ מֵרְדָ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יְמָה כִּֽי־לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֥ שָֽׁם׃ | And he said, “I am God, the God of your father. Do not be afraid of going down to Egypt, for I will make you a great nation there. | going down: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Gen 46:4 | אָנֹכִ֗י אֵרֵ֤ד עִמְּךָ֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַֽעַלְךָ֣ גַם־עָלֹ֑ה וְיוֹסֵ֕ף יָשִׁ֥ית יָד֖וֹ עַל־עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | I will go down to Egypt with you, and I will bring you up again without fail. And Joseph will put his hand on your eyes.” |
I will bring you up ... without fail: infinitive absolute.
will put his hand on your eyes: i.e. will close your eyes in peace [CB]. |
| Gen 46:5 | וַיָּ֥קָם יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִבְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־יַעֲקֹ֣ב אֲבִיהֶ֗ם וְאֶת־טַפָּם֙ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם בָּעֲגָל֕וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח פַּרְעֹ֖ה לָשֵׂ֥את אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then Jacob arose from Beersheba, and Israel's sons lifted Jacob their father and their little ones and their wives into the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to transport him. | |
| Gen 46:6 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֶת־רְכוּשָׁם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָֽכְשׁוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ מִצְרָ֑יְמָה יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְכָל־זַרְע֥וֹ אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And they took their cattle and their property which they had acquired in the land of Canaan, and they came to Egypt – Jacob and all his seed with him. | |
| Gen 46:7 | בָּנָ֞יו וּבְנֵ֤י בָנָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּנֹתָ֛יו וּבְנ֥וֹת בָּנָ֖יו וְכָל־זַרְע֑וֹ הֵבִ֥יא אִתּ֖וֹ מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ ס | He brought with him his sons and his grandsons, his daughters and his granddaughters, and all his seed, to Egypt. | with him: the phrase occurs twice in the Hebrew. |
| Gen 46:8 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה שְׁמ֧וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הַבָּאִ֥ים מִצְרַ֖יְמָה יַעֲקֹ֣ב וּבָנָ֑יו בְּכֹ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | And these are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt – of Jacob and his sons. Jacob's firstborn was Reuben. | |
| Gen 46:9 | וּבְנֵ֖י רְאוּבֵ֑ן חֲנ֥וֹךְ וּפַלּ֖וּא וְחֶצְר֥וֹן וְכַרְמִֽי׃ | Reuben's sons were Hanoch and Pallu and Hezron and Carmi. |
|| 1 Chr 5:3.
Hanoch: see Gen 25:4. Pallu: AV= Phallu here, but Pallu elsewhere, e.g. Num 26:5. Phallu is the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Gen 46:10 | וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֧ל וְיָמִ֛ין וְאֹ֖הַד וְיָכִ֣ין וְצֹ֑חַר וְשָׁא֖וּל בֶּן־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽית׃ | And Simeon's sons were Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin and Zohar and Saul the son of the Canaanite woman. | Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, as for the first king of the united kingdom of Israel (1 Sam 9:2), but we regularize this name for other personages. AV= Shaul here, but Saul in 1 Chr 4:24. |
| Gen 46:11 | וּבְנֵ֖י לֵוִ֑י גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן קְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִֽי׃ | And Levi's sons were Gershon, Kohath and Merari. |
|| 1 Chr 5:27, 1 Chr 6:1 (1 Chr 6:1AV, 1 Chr 6:16AV).
Kohath ← Kehath, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Gen 46:12 | וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה עֵ֧ר וְאוֹנָ֛ן וְשֵׁלָ֖ה וָפֶ֣רֶץ וָזָ֑רַח וַיָּ֨מָת עֵ֤ר וְאוֹנָן֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־פֶ֖רֶץ חֶצְר֥וֹן וְחָמֽוּל׃ | And Judah's sons were Er and Onan and Shelah and Perez and Zerah, but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul. |
|| Ruth 4:18, 1 Chr 2:5.
Perez (2x): see Gen 38:29. Zerah: see Gen 38:30. |
| Gen 46:13 | וּבְנֵ֖י יִשָׂשכָ֑ר תּוֹלָ֥ע וּפֻוָּ֖ה וְי֥וֹב וְשִׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And Issachar's sons were Tola and Puvvah and Job and Shimron. |
|| 1 Chr 7:1.
Puvvah: AV= Phuvah here, the lenited form and not recognizing the dagesh in the vav. See Num 26:23 and 1 Chr 7:1, which have different Hebrew spellings. |
| Gen 46:14 | וּבְנֵ֖י זְבוּלֻ֑ן סֶ֥רֶד וְאֵל֖וֹן וְיַחְלְאֵֽל׃ | And Zebulun's sons were Sered and Elon and Jahleel. | |
| Gen 46:15 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ בְּנֵ֣י לֵאָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָֽלְדָ֤ה לְיַעֲקֹב֙ בְּפַדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת דִּינָ֣ה בִתּ֑וֹ כָּל־נֶ֧פֶשׁ בָּנָ֛יו וּבְנוֹתָ֖יו שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשָׁלֹֽשׁ׃ | Those were Leah's sons whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-Aram, with Dinah his daughter. The total headcount of his sons and daughters was thirty-three. |
those ← these.
Paddan-Aram: see Gen 25:20. the total headcount ← every soul. sons (2x): including grandchildren. |
| Gen 46:16 | וּבְנֵ֣י גָ֔ד צִפְי֥וֹן וְחַגִּ֖י שׁוּנִ֣י וְאֶצְבֹּ֑ן עֵרִ֥י וַֽאֲרוֹדִ֖י וְאַרְאֵלִֽי׃ | And Gad's sons were Ziphion and Haggi, Shuni and Ezbon, Eri and Arodi and Areli. | |
| Gen 46:17 | וּבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֗ר יִמְנָ֧ה וְיִשְׁוָ֛ה וְיִשְׁוִ֥י וּבְרִיעָ֖ה וְשֶׂ֣רַח אֲחֹתָ֑ם וּבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה חֶ֖בֶר וּמַלְכִּיאֵֽל׃ | And Asher's sons were Jimnah and Jishvah and Jishvi and Beriah, and Serah was their sister. And Beriah's sons were Heber and Malchiel. |
|| Num 26:44, Num 26:45, 1 Chr 7:30, 1 Chr 7:31.
Jishvah ... Jishvi: AV= Ishuah ... Isui here, but Jesui in Num 26:44. |
| Gen 46:18 | אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י זִלְפָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָבָ֖ן לְלֵאָ֣ה בִתּ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֤לֶד אֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | Those were the sons of Zilpah whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter. And she bore these to Jacob – sixteen people. |
those ← these.
people ← souls. |
| Gen 46:19 | בְּנֵ֤י רָחֵל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב יוֹסֵ֖ף וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ | The son's of Rachel, Jacob's wife, were Joseph and Benjamin. | |
| Gen 46:20 | וַיִּוָּלֵ֣ד לְיוֹסֵף֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָֽלְדָה־לּוֹ֙ אָֽסְנַ֔ת בַּת־פּ֥וֹטִי פֶ֖רַע כֹּהֵ֣ן אֹ֑ן אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And progeny were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt, where Asenath the daughter of Poti-Phera the priest of On bore Manasseh and Ephraim to him. |
where: AV differs (whom) (adapting the sentence), also possible.
Poti-Phera: see Gen 41:45. |
| Gen 46:21 | וּבְנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֗ן בֶּ֤לַע וָבֶ֙כֶר֙ וְאַשְׁבֵּ֔ל גֵּרָ֥א וְנַעֲמָ֖ן אֵחִ֣י וָרֹ֑אשׁ מֻפִּ֥ים וְחֻפִּ֖ים וָאָֽרְדְּ׃ | And Benjamin's sons were Bela and Becher and Ashbel, Gera and Naaman, Ehi and Rosh, Muppim and Huppim and Ard. |
|| 1 Chr 7:6.
Bela: AV= Belah here, but elsewhere (e.g. Num 26:38) Bela. |
| Gen 46:22 | אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י רָחֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלַּ֖ד לְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | Those were the sons of Rachel who were born to Jacob. The total headcount was fourteen. |
those ← these.
total headcount ← every soul. |
| Gen 46:23 | וּבְנֵי־דָ֖ן חֻשִֽׁים׃ | And Dan's sons were Hushim and his line. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| Gen 46:24 | וּבְנֵ֖י נַפְתָּלִ֑י יַחְצְאֵ֥ל וְגוּנִ֖י וְיֵ֥צֶר וְשִׁלֵּֽם׃ | And Naphtali's sons were Jahzeel and Guni, and Jezer and Shillem. | |
| Gen 46:25 | אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י בִלְהָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָבָ֖ן לְרָחֵ֣ל בִּתּ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֧לֶד אֶת־אֵ֛לֶּה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ שִׁבְעָֽה׃ | Those were the sons of Bilhah whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter, and she bore those to Jacob. The total headcount was seven. |
those (2x) ← these.
total headcount ← every soul. |
| Gen 46:26 | כָּל־הַ֠נֶּפֶשׁ הַבָּאָ֨ה לְיַעֲקֹ֤ב מִצְרַ֙יְמָה֙ יֹצְאֵ֣י יְרֵכ֔וֹ מִלְּבַ֖ד נְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וָשֵֽׁשׁ׃ | The total headcount of Jacob's family which came to Egypt – who issued from his thighs – excluding the wives of Jacob's sons – the total headcount – was sixty-six. |
total headcount ← every soul.
sixty-six: the 70 just listed - 4 (Er, Onan [died], Joseph, Simeon [already there]). |
| Gen 46:27 | וּבְנֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֛ף אֲשֶׁר־יֻלַּד־ל֥וֹ בְמִצְרַ֖יִם נֶ֣פֶשׁ שְׁנָ֑יִם כָּל־הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ לְבֵֽית־יַעֲקֹ֛ב הַבָּ֥אָה מִצְרַ֖יְמָה שִׁבְעִֽים׃ פ | And Joseph's sons who were born to him in Egypt were two people. The total headcount of the house of Jacob that came to Egypt was seventy. |
people ← souls.
seventy: the sixty-six plus Joseph, Simeon and Joseph's sons (brought in Joseph's loins, as it were). For an alternative explanation, see [CB]. |
| Gen 46:28 | וְאֶת־יְהוּדָ֞ה שָׁלַ֤ח לְפָנָיו֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף לְהוֹרֹ֥ת לְפָנָ֖יו גֹּ֑שְׁנָה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה גֹּֽשֶׁן׃ | And he sent Judah on ahead of him to Joseph, so as to direct him to Goshen. And they came to the land of Goshen. |
he sent: i.e. Jacob sent.
to direct him ← to instruct his face. |
| Gen 46:29 | וַיֶּאְסֹ֤ר יוֹסֵף֙ מֶרְכַּבְתּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֛עַל לִקְרַֽאת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אָבִ֖יו גֹּ֑שְׁנָה וַיֵּרָ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֙ עַל־צַוָּארָ֔יו וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל־צַוָּארָ֖יו עֽוֹד׃ | Then Joseph harnessed his chariot and went up to meet Israel his father at Goshen, and he presented himself to him and fell around his neck, and he wept while still around his neck. |
at ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
presented himself ← appeared. |
| Gen 46:30 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף אָמ֣וּתָה הַפָּ֑עַם אַחֲרֵי֙ רְאוֹתִ֣י אֶת־פָּנֶ֔יךָ כִּ֥י עוֹדְךָ֖ חָֽי׃ | And Israel said to Joseph, “I could die now, after seeing your face, for you are still alive.” | seeing ← my seeing. |
| Gen 46:31 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו אֶעֱלֶ֖ה וְאַגִּ֣ידָה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאֹֽמְרָ֣ה אֵלָ֔יו אַחַ֧י וּבֵית־אָבִ֛י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֖עַן בָּ֥אוּ אֵלָֽי׃ | Then Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's household, “I will go up and tell Pharaoh and say to him, ‘My brothers and the house of my father who were in the land of Canaan have come to me. | |
| Gen 46:32 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֙ רֹ֣עֵי צֹ֔אן כִּֽי־אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִקְנֶ֖ה הָי֑וּ וְצֹאנָ֧ם וּבְקָרָ֛ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ | And the men are shepherds, for they are cattle-farmers, and they have brought their sheep and their cattle and everything of theirs with them.’ | cattle-farmers ← men of cattle. |
| Gen 46:33 | וְהָיָ֕ה כִּֽי־יִקְרָ֥א לָכֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַ֖ר מַה־מַּעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃ | And it will come to pass when Pharaoh calls you and says, ‘What are your occupations?’ | |
| Gen 46:34 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִקְנֶ֜ה הָי֤וּ עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ מִנְּעוּרֵ֣ינוּ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה גַּם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ גַּם־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ בַּעֲב֗וּר תֵּשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן כִּֽי־תוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם כָּל־רֹ֥עֵה צֹֽאן׃ | – that you will say, ‘Your servants have been cattle-farmers from our youth up to now, both we and our fathers’, so that you may dwell in the land of Goshen, for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians.” | to the Egyptians ← of Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Gen 47:1 | וַיָּבֹ֣א יוֹסֵף֮ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְפַרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אָבִ֨י וְאַחַ֜י וְצֹאנָ֤ם וּבְקָרָם֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֔ם בָּ֖אוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְהִנָּ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גֹּֽשֶׁן׃ | So Joseph came and told Pharaoh and said, “My father and my brothers and their flocks and the oxen and all their belongings have arrived from the land of Canaan, and here they are in the land of Goshen.” | here they are ← behold them. |
| Gen 47:2 | וּמִקְצֵ֣ה אֶחָ֔יו לָקַ֖ח חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּצִּגֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ | And he took five men from his collection of brothers, and he presented them to Pharaoh. |
collection ← end; whole.
presented them to ← placed them before. |
| Gen 47:3 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֶל־אֶחָ֖יו מַה־מַּעֲשֵׂיכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֗ה רֹעֵ֥ה צֹאן֙ עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ גַּם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ גַּם־אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | And Pharaoh said to his brothers, “What are your occupations?” And they said to Pharaoh, “Your servants are shepherds, both we and our fathers.” | shepherds ← a shepherd. |
| Gen 47:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֗ה לָג֣וּר בָּאָרֶץ֮ בָּאנוּ֒ כִּי־אֵ֣ין מִרְעֶ֗ה לַצֹּאן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד הָרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְעַתָּ֛ה יֵֽשְׁבוּ־נָ֥א עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גֹּֽשֶׁן׃ | And they said to Pharaoh, “We have come to stay temporarily in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants' flocks, for the famine is severe in the land of Canaan, so now, please, let your servants stay in the land of Goshen.” | |
| Gen 47:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבִ֥יךָ וְאַחֶ֖יךָ בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | Then Pharaoh spoke to Joseph and said, “Your father and your brothers have come to you. | |
| Gen 47:6 | אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא בְּמֵיטַ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ הוֹשֵׁ֥ב אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אַחֶ֑יךָ יֵשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאִם־יָדַ֗עְתָּ וְיֶשׁ־בָּם֙ אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֔יִל וְשַׂמְתָּ֛ם שָׂרֵ֥י מִקְנֶ֖ה עַל־אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי׃ | The land of Egypt is before you. Install your father and your brothers in the best part of the land and let them stay in the land of Goshen, and if you know of any suitable men among them, appoint them as officials over the cattle that is mine.” |
install ← cause to dwell.
suitable ← mighty, virtuous. |
| Gen 47:7 | וַיָּבֵ֤א יוֹסֵף֙ אֶת־יַֽעֲקֹ֣ב אָבִ֔יו וַיַּֽעֲמִדֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Joseph brought in Jacob his father and set him before Pharaoh, and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. | |
| Gen 47:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֑ב כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ | And Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How many are the days of the years of your life?” | |
| Gen 47:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י מְגוּרַ֔י שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה מְעַ֣ט וְרָעִ֗ים הָיוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י וְלֹ֣א הִשִּׂ֗יגוּ אֶת־יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י אֲבֹתַ֔י בִּימֵ֖י מְגוּרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Jacob said to Pharaoh, “The days of the years of my course of life are one hundred and thirty years. The days of the years of my life have been few and bad, and they have not reached the days of the years of the life of my fathers in comparison with the days of their course of life.” |
course of life (2x) ← sojournings; temporary residence.
the days of the years of the life of: a chain of three construct states of the nouns. |
| Gen 47:10 | וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from Pharaoh's presence. | |
| Gen 47:11 | וַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב יוֹסֵף֮ אֶת־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶת־אֶחָיו֒ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֤ם אֲחֻזָּה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּמֵיטַ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ רַעְמְסֵ֑ס כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה פַרְעֹֽה׃ | And Joseph installed his father and his brothers, and he gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best part of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. | |
| Gen 47:12 | וַיְכַלְכֵּ֤ל יוֹסֵף֙ אֶת־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶת־אֶחָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יו לֶ֖חֶם לְפִ֥י הַטָּֽף׃ | So Joseph sustained his father and his brothers and the whole household of his father, with bread, taking account of the number of little ones. |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
taking account of ← according to. |
| Gen 47:13 | וְלֶ֤חֶם אֵין֙ בְּכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד הָרָעָ֖ב מְאֹ֑ד וַתֵּ֜לַהּ אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן מִפְּנֵ֖י הָרָעָֽב׃ | And there was no bread in the whole of the land, for the famine was very severe, and the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan became weary because of the famine. | |
| Gen 47:14 | וַיְלַקֵּ֣ט יוֹסֵ֗ף אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַנִּמְצָ֤א בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּבְאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בַּשֶּׁ֖בֶר אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם שֹׁבְרִ֑ים וַיָּבֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף בֵּ֥יתָה פַרְעֹֽה׃ | And Joseph collected all the money that was to be found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, in exchange for the grain which they bought, and Joseph brought the money to Pharaoh's house. | |
| Gen 47:15 | וַיִּתֹּ֣ם הַכֶּ֗סֶף מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֮ וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַעַן֒ וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ כָל־מִצְרַ֨יִם אֶל־יוֹסֵ֤ף לֵאמֹר֙ הָֽבָה־לָּ֣נוּ לֶ֔חֶם וְלָ֥מָּה נָמ֖וּת נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י אָפֵ֖ס כָּֽסֶף׃ | Then the money from the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan came to an end, and all of Egypt came to Joseph and said, “Give us bread, for why should we die in your presence, when money has run out?” | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Gen 47:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ הָב֣וּ מִקְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם בְּמִקְנֵיכֶ֑ם אִם־אָפֵ֖ס כָּֽסֶף׃ | And Joseph said, “Give me your cattle, and I will give you bread in exchange for your cattle, if the money has run out.” | |
| Gen 47:17 | וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶם֮ אֶל־יוֹסֵף֒ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶם֩ יוֹסֵ֨ף לֶ֜חֶם בַּסּוּסִ֗ים וּבְמִקְנֵ֥ה הַצֹּ֛אן וּבְמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבָּקָ֖ר וּבַחֲמֹרִ֑ים וַיְנַהֲלֵ֤ם בַּלֶּ֙חֶם֙ בְּכָל־מִקְנֵהֶ֔ם בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִֽוא׃ | So they brought their cattle to Joseph, and Joseph gave them bread for horses and for small cattle and for bovine cattle and for donkeys, and he sustained them with bread in exchange for all their cattle in that year. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Gen 47:18 | וַתִּתֹּם֮ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִוא֒ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלָ֜יו בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־נְכַחֵ֣ד מֵֽאֲדֹנִ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־תַּ֣ם הַכֶּ֔סֶף וּמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֑י לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י בִּלְתִּ֥י אִם־גְּוִיָּתֵ֖נוּ וְאַדְמָתֵֽנוּ׃ | Then that year came to an end, and they came to him in the second year and said to him, “We will not hide the fact from our lord that our money has run out, as have our stocks of cattle which have gone to our lord. Nothing remains before our lord except our body and our land. |
our lord (3x) ← my lord, a stereotyped expression.
nothing ← not. |
| Gen 47:19 | לָ֧מָּה נָמ֣וּת לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ גַּ֣ם אַדְמָתֵ֔נוּ קְנֵֽה־אֹתָ֥נוּ וְאֶת־אַדְמָתֵ֖נוּ בַּלָּ֑חֶם וְנִֽהְיֶ֞ה אֲנַ֤חְנוּ וְאַדְמָתֵ֙נוּ֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְפַרְעֹ֔ה וְתֶן־זֶ֗רַע וְנִֽחְיֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א נָמ֔וּת וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה לֹ֥א תֵשָֽׁם׃ | Why should we die in your sight, both we and our land? Buy us and our land in exchange for bread so that we and our land become subservient to Pharaoh, and give us seed so that we live and do not die and the land does not become desolate.” |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav. subservient ← slaves; servants. |
| Gen 47:20 | וַיִּ֨קֶן יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶת־כָּל־אַדְמַ֤ת מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה כִּֽי־מָכְר֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֔הוּ כִּֽי־חָזַ֥ק עֲלֵהֶ֖ם הָרָעָ֑ב וַתְּהִ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for each man in Egypt sold his field, for the famine was severe over them, and the land became Pharaoh's. | |
| Gen 47:21 | וְאֶ֨ת־הָעָ֔ם הֶעֱבִ֥יר אֹת֖וֹ לֶעָרִ֑ים מִקְצֵ֥ה גְבוּל־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־קָצֵֽהוּ׃ | And as for the people, he moved them to the cities, from one end of the territory of Egypt to the other end, | |
| Gen 47:22 | רַ֛ק אַדְמַ֥ת הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֹ֣א קָנָ֑ה כִּי֩ חֹ֨ק לַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ת פַּרְעֹ֗ה וְאָֽכְל֤וּ אֶת־חֻקָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן לָהֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה עַל־כֵּ֕ן לֹ֥א מָכְר֖וּ אֶת־אַדְמָתָֽם׃ | except that he did not buy the priests' land, for the priests had a statute from Pharaoh, and they ate by virtue of their statute which Pharaoh had given them, which is why they did not sell their land. | |
| Gen 47:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם הֵן֩ קָנִ֨יתִי אֶתְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַדְמַתְכֶ֖ם לְפַרְעֹ֑ה הֵֽא־לָכֶ֣ם זֶ֔רַע וּזְרַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | Then Joseph said to the people, “Look, today I have bought you and your land for Pharaoh. Here is seed for you, so sow the land. | |
| Gen 47:24 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּתְּבוּאֹ֔ת וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע הַיָּדֹ֡ת יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶם֩ לְזֶ֨רַע הַשָּׂדֶ֧ה וּֽלְאָכְלְכֶ֛ם וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבָתֵּיכֶ֖ם וְלֶאֱכֹ֥ל לְטַפְּכֶֽם׃ | And it will be the case that you will give one fifth of the produce to Pharaoh, whilst four fifths will be for yourselves, as seed for the field, and for your food, and for those in your houses, and for your little ones to eat.” |
of the produce ← in / with the produce.
four fifths ← four parts. seed for the field ← seed of the field. |
| Gen 47:25 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ הֶחֱיִתָ֑נוּ נִמְצָא־חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְהָיִ֥ינוּ עֲבָדִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | And they said, “You have kept us alive. May we find grace in the eyes of our lord, and we will be servants to Pharaoh.” | our lord ← my lord, a stereotyped expression. |
| Gen 47:26 | וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹתָ֣הּ יוֹסֵ֡ף לְחֹק֩ עַד־הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְפַרְעֹ֖ה לַחֹ֑מֶשׁ רַ֞ק אַדְמַ֤ת הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם לֹ֥א הָיְתָ֖ה לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | So Joseph made it a statute up to this day over the land of Egypt: a fifth part is for Pharaoh, except that the priests' land alone was not Pharaoh's. | |
| Gen 47:27 | וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֑שֶׁן וַיֵּאָחֲז֣וּ בָ֔הּ וַיִּפְר֥וּ וַיִּרְבּ֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃ | And Israel remained in the land of Egypt in the land of Goshen, and they had their interest in it, and they were fruitful, and they increased greatly. | they had their interest in it ← had possession; were possessed by it (with a passive verb form). |
| Gen 47:28 | וַיְחִ֤י יַעֲקֹב֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם שְׁבַ֥ע עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיְהִ֤י יְמֵֽי־יַעֲקֹב֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיָּ֔יו שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Jacob lived for seventeen years in the land of Egypt, and the days of Jacob – the years of his life – were one hundred and forty-seven years. | |
| Gen 47:29 | וַיִּקְרְב֣וּ יְמֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לָמוּת֒ וַיִּקְרָ֣א ׀ לִבְנ֣וֹ לְיוֹסֵ֗ף וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אִם־נָ֨א מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֣חַת יְרֵכִ֑י וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֣סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֔ת אַל־נָ֥א תִקְבְּרֵ֖נִי בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And when Israel's days were approaching when he would die, he called for his son, for Joseph, and he said to him, “If now I have found grace in your sight, put your hand now under my thigh and do with me what is kind and true: please do not bury me in Egypt. | kind and true ← kindness and truth. |
| Gen 47:30 | וְשָֽׁכַבְתִּי֙ עִם־אֲבֹתַ֔י וּנְשָׂאתַ֙נִי֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וּקְבַרְתַּ֖נִי בִּקְבֻרָתָ֑ם וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה כִדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ | And I will lie with my fathers, so bring me out of Egypt and bury me in their tomb.” And he said, “I will act according to your words.” |
On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13.
words ← word. |
| Gen 47:31 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִשָּֽׁבְעָה֙ לִ֔י וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע ל֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַמִּטָּֽה׃ פ | And he said, “Swear to me.” And he swore to him, and Israel bowed on the head of his bed. | the head of his bed: or, if re-pointed as הַמַּטֶּה, top of (his) staff. |
| Gen 48:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְיוֹסֵ֔ף הִנֵּ֥ה אָבִ֖יךָ חֹלֶ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass after these things that they said to Joseph, “Look, your father is ill.” And he took his two sons with him, Manasseh and Ephraim. | they ← he, or one. |
| Gen 48:2 | וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֛ה בִּנְךָ֥ יוֹסֵ֖ף בָּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּתְחַזֵּק֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃ | And they told Jacob and said, “Look, your son Joseph has come to you.” And Israel perked up and sat up on his bed. |
they: see Gen 48:1.
perked up ← strengthened himself. |
| Gen 48:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֥ל שַׁדַּ֛י נִרְאָֽה־אֵלַ֥י בְּל֖וּז בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיְבָ֖רֶךְ אֹתִֽי׃ | Then Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty appeared to me in Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me, | |
| Gen 48:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מַפְרְךָ֙ וְהִרְבִּיתִ֔ךָ וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִקְהַ֣ל עַמִּ֑ים וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | and he said to me, ‘I am about to make you fruitful, and I will increase you and make you a convocation of people, and I will give this land to your seed after you as an age-abiding possession.’ | I am about to ← behold me. |
| Gen 48:5 | וְעַתָּ֡ה שְׁנֵֽי־בָנֶיךָ֩ הַנּוֹלָדִ֨ים לְךָ֜ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּאִ֥י אֵלֶ֛יךָ מִצְרַ֖יְמָה לִי־הֵ֑ם אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּרְאוּבֵ֥ן וְשִׁמְע֖וֹן יִֽהְיוּ־לִֽי׃ | And now, your two sons who were born to you in the land of Egypt, before I came to you in Egypt – Ephraim and Manasseh – are mine. They will be mine like Reuben and Simeon. | in ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Gen 48:6 | וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֛ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹלַ֥דְתָּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם לְךָ֣ יִהְי֑וּ עַ֣ל שֵׁ֧ם אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יִקָּרְא֖וּ בְּנַחֲלָתָֽם׃ | And your offspring that you beget after them will be yours. They will be called by the name of their brothers in their inheritance. | |
| Gen 48:7 | וַאֲנִ֣י ׀ בְּבֹאִ֣י מִפַּדָּ֗ן מֵ֩תָה֩ עָלַ֨י רָחֵ֜ל בְּאֶ֤רֶץ כְּנַ֙עַן֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּע֥וֹד כִּבְרַת־אֶ֖רֶץ לָבֹ֣א אֶפְרָ֑תָה וָאֶקְבְּרֶ֤הָ שָּׁם֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אֶפְרָ֔ת הִ֖וא בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died when with me in the land of Canaan on the journey when there was just a little way to go to Ephrath, and I buried her there on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.” |
Paddan: AV= Padan. See Gen 25:20.
with ← at. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Gen 48:8 | וַיַּ֥רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then when Israel saw Joseph's sons, he said, “Who are these?” | |
| Gen 48:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יו בָּנַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נָֽתַן־לִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּזֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמַ֕ר קָֽחֶם־נָ֥א אֵלַ֖י וַאֲבָרֲכֵֽם׃ | And Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons whom God has given me here.” And he said, “Please bring them to me and I will bless them.” | |
| Gen 48:10 | וְעֵינֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כָּבְד֣וּ מִזֹּ֔קֶן לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְא֑וֹת וַיַּגֵּ֤שׁ אֹתָם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּשַּׁ֥ק לָהֶ֖ם וַיְחַבֵּ֥ק לָהֶֽם׃ | Now Israel's eyes had become dim with old age, and he could not see, so he brought them near to him, and he kissed them and embraced them. | |
| Gen 48:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף רְאֹ֥ה פָנֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א פִלָּ֑לְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה הֶרְאָ֥ה אֹתִ֛י אֱלֹהִ֖ים גַּ֥ם אֶת־זַרְעֶֽךָ׃ | And Israel said to Joseph, “I didn't think I would see your face, but look, God has shown me your seed too.” | |
| Gen 48:12 | וַיּוֹצֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֹתָ֖ם מֵעִ֣ם בִּרְכָּ֑יו וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ לְאַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | Then Joseph took them off his knees and Jacob bowed with his face to the ground. | Jacob ← he. Supplying Jacob is in accordance with Joseph's dream (Gen 37:9-10). On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Gen 48:13 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח יוֹסֵף֮ אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶם֒ אֶת־אֶפְרַ֤יִם בִּֽימִינוֹ֙ מִשְּׂמֹ֣אל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בִשְׂמֹאל֖וֹ מִימִ֣ין יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּגֵּ֖שׁ אֵלָֽיו׃ | Joseph then took the two of them, Ephraim on his right, to the left of Israel, and Manasseh on his left, to the right of Israel, and he brought them near him. | |
| Gen 48:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־יְמִינ֜וֹ וַיָּ֨שֶׁת עַל־רֹ֤אשׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וְה֣וּא הַצָּעִ֔יר וְאֶת־שְׂמֹאל֖וֹ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה שִׂכֵּל֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔יו כִּ֥י מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ | And Israel stretched out his right hand and put it on Ephraim's head, he being the younger, and his left hand on Manasseh's head, acting discerningly with his hands, for Manasseh was the firstborn. | acting discerningly with his hands: by deliberately crossing his arms, against Joseph's intention. |
| Gen 48:15 | וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ אֲבֹתַ֤י לְפָנָיו֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם וְיִצְחָ֔ק הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ הָרֹעֶ֣ה אֹתִ֔י מֵעוֹדִ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ |
And he blessed Joseph and said,
“God, before whom my fathers walked, Abraham and Isaac, The God who has been a shepherd to me From since ever I was Up to this day |
|
| Gen 48:16 | הַמַּלְאָךְ֩ הַגֹּאֵ֨ל אֹתִ֜י מִכָּל־רָ֗ע יְבָרֵךְ֮ אֶת־הַנְּעָרִים֒ וְיִקָּרֵ֤א בָהֶם֙ שְׁמִ֔י וְשֵׁ֥ם אֲבֹתַ֖י אַבְרָהָ֣ם וְיִצְחָ֑ק וְיִדְגּ֥וּ לָרֹ֖ב בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
– The angel who redeems me from all evil – May he bless the lads, And may my name and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac Be what they are called after, And may they teem for abundance In the heart of the land.” |
angel: or messenger. Note how the angel of the Lord speaks with all the authority of the Lord in, e.g., Gen 22:15-16.
be what they are called after ← may ... be called by / in them. Compare Amos 9:12, quoted in James 2:7. heart ← middle; inside. |
| Gen 48:17 | וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּי־יָשִׁ֨ית אָבִ֧יו יַד־יְמִינ֛וֹ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וַיֵּ֣רַע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַיִּתְמֹ֣ךְ יַד־אָבִ֗יו לְהָסִ֥יר אֹתָ֛הּ מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשׁ־אֶפְרַ֖יִם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And Joseph saw that he had put his right hand on Ephraim's head, and it was wrong in his sight, and he took hold of his father's hand to remove it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's head. | |
| Gen 48:18 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶל־אָבִ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֣ן אָבִ֑י כִּי־זֶ֣ה הַבְּכֹ֔ר שִׂ֥ים יְמִינְךָ֖ עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | And Joseph said to his father, “Not like that, my father, for this one is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.” | |
| Gen 48:19 | וַיְמָאֵ֣ן אָבִ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדַ֤עְתִּֽי בְנִי֙ יָדַ֔עְתִּי גַּם־ה֥וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לְּעָ֖ם וְגַם־ה֣וּא יִגְדָּ֑ל וְאוּלָ֗ם אָחִ֤יו הַקָּטֹן֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְזַרְע֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מְלֹֽא־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a people, and he too will become great, and yet his younger brother will become greater than him, and his seed will become the fulness of the nations.” | than him: or, if the reader prefers, than he. |
| Gen 48:20 | וַיְבָ֨רֲכֵ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמוֹר֒ בְּךָ֗ יְבָרֵ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְשִֽׂמְךָ֣ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כְּאֶפְרַ֖יִם וְכִמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And he blessed them on that day, and he said, “Through you, Israel will give blessing and say, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh.’ ” And he put Ephraim before Manasseh. | you (2x): singular. |
| Gen 48:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף הִנֵּ֥ה אָנֹכִ֖י מֵ֑ת וְהָיָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵשִׁ֣יב אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Israel said to Joseph, “Look, I am dying, but God will be with you, and he will bring you back to the land of your fathers. | |
| Gen 48:22 | וַאֲנִ֞י נָתַ֧תִּֽי לְךָ֛ שְׁכֶ֥ם אַחַ֖ד עַל־אַחֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָקַ֙חְתִּי֙ מִיַּ֣ד הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י בְּחַרְבִּ֖י וּבְקַשְׁתִּֽי׃ פ | And I have given you one portion more than your brothers, which I took from the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.” |
portion: the same word as shoulder and the city Shechem. See [CB].
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Gen 49:1 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶל־בָּנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְאַגִּ֣ידָה לָכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִֽים׃ | Then Jacob called his sons and said, “Gather round and I will tell you what will happen to you in the last days. | to you ← with you. |
| Gen 49:2 | הִקָּבְצ֥וּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְשִׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אֲבִיכֶֽם׃ |
Assemble and listen, You sons of Jacob, And listen to Israel your father. |
|
| Gen 49:3 | רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣רִי אַ֔תָּה כֹּחִ֖י וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית אוֹנִ֑י יֶ֥תֶר שְׂאֵ֖ת וְיֶ֥תֶר עָֽז׃ |
Reuben, you are my firstborn, My strength and the beginning of my vigour – A profusion of high-standing And a profusion of power. |
|
| Gen 49:4 | פַּ֤חַז כַּמַּ֙יִם֙ אַל־תּוֹתַ֔ר כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ אָ֥ז חִלַּ֖לְתָּ יְצוּעִ֥י עָלָֽה׃ פ |
As unrestrained as water, Do not overflow, For you went up to your father's bed, Then you defiled it. He went up to my couch. |
unrestrained ← unrestrainedness.
bed ← beds. |
| Gen 49:5 | שִׁמְע֥וֹן וְלֵוִ֖י אַחִ֑ים כְּלֵ֥י חָמָ֖ס מְכֵרֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Simeon and Levi are brothers – Vessels of violence by their swords. |
|
| Gen 49:6 | בְּסֹדָם֙ אַל־תָּבֹ֣א נַפְשִׁ֔י בִּקְהָלָ֖ם אַל־תֵּחַ֣ד כְּבֹדִ֑י כִּ֤י בְאַפָּם֙ הָ֣רְגוּ אִ֔ישׁ וּבִרְצֹנָ֖ם עִקְּרוּ־שֽׁוֹר׃ |
Let my being not enter into their counsel. Let my honour not be united with their convocation, For in their anger they killed a man, And for their pleasure they hamstrung an ox. |
being ← soul.
hamstrung an ox: AV differs (digged down a wall), reading שׁוּר, shur, a wall. |
| Gen 49:7 | אָר֤וּר אַפָּם֙ כִּ֣י עָ֔ז וְעֶבְרָתָ֖ם כִּ֣י קָשָׁ֑תָה אֲחַלְּקֵ֣ם בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וַאֲפִיצֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
Cursed be their anger, For it was fierce, And their wrath, For it was harsh. I will divide them in Jacob And scatter them in Israel. |
|
| Gen 49:8 | יְהוּדָ֗ה אַתָּה֙ יוֹד֣וּךָ אַחֶ֔יךָ יָדְךָ֖ בְּעֹ֣רֶף אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ יִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֥י אָבִֽיךָ׃ |
Judah, as for you, Your brothers will praise you. Your hand will be on your enemies' neck, And the sons of your father will bow down to you. |
|
| Gen 49:9 | גּ֤וּר אַרְיֵה֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִטֶּ֖רֶף בְּנִ֣י עָלִ֑יתָ כָּרַ֨ע רָבַ֧ץ כְּאַרְיֵ֛ה וּכְלָבִ֖יא מִ֥י יְקִימֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Judah is a lion's cub. From the prey, my son, you went up. He crouched, He lay like a lion, And like a great lion – Who dares to arouse him? |
Rev 5:5.
he crouched (etc.): compare Num 24:9. dares to ← will, but the form admits other modal meanings. |
| Gen 49:10 | לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר שֵׁ֙בֶט֙ מִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וּמְחֹקֵ֖ק מִבֵּ֣ין רַגְלָ֑יו עַ֚ד כִּֽי־יָבֹ֣א *שילה **שִׁיל֔וֹ וְל֖וֹ יִקְּהַ֥ת עַמִּֽים׃ |
The sceptre will not depart from Judah, Nor the statute maker from between his legs, Until Shiloh comes, And obedience of the nations Will be to him. |
Shiloh (qeré): the ketiv is Shilah, but a hé may represent an o sound; see Gen 13:3.
sceptre: or staff. A symbol of authority. See [CB]. obedience: from root יקהּ. AV differs (gathering), root קהת. The verse prophesied that ↴ |
| Gen 49:11 | אֹסְרִ֤י לַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ *עירה **עִיר֔וֹ וְלַשֹּׂרֵקָ֖ה בְּנִ֣י אֲתֹנ֑וֹ כִּבֵּ֤ס בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ לְבֻשׁ֔וֹ וּבְדַם־עֲנָבִ֖ים *סותה **סוּתֽוֹ׃ |
Binding his ass-colt to the vine, And his young of a she-ass to the choice vine, He washed his clothes in wine And his garment in the juice of grapes. |
↳ Shiloh (the Messiah, Christ) – to whom nations will ultimately be obedient – would come from the tribe of Judah while that tribe has a visible authoritative presence.
his ass-colt ... his garment: see Gen 13:3. juice ← blood. |
| Gen 49:12 | חַכְלִילִ֥י עֵינַ֖יִם מִיָּ֑יִן וּלְבֶן־שִׁנַּ֖יִם מֵחָלָֽב׃ פ |
The red of his eyes will be from wine, And the white of his teeth will be from milk. |
|
| Gen 49:13 | זְבוּלֻ֕ן לְח֥וֹף יַמִּ֖ים יִשְׁכֹּ֑ן וְהוּא֙ לְח֣וֹף אֳנִיּ֔וֹת וְיַרְכָת֖וֹ עַל־צִידֹֽן׃ ס |
Zebulun will dwell at the coast of the sea, And he will be a coast-line for ships. And his border will be up to Sidon. |
sea ← seas.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Gen 49:14 | יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר חֲמֹ֣ר גָּ֑רֶם רֹבֵ֖ץ בֵּ֥ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתָֽיִם׃ |
Issachar is a well-built ass Lying between two folds. |
well-built ← of bone / strength.
lying between two folds: compare the English idiom sitting on the fence. AV differs (... two burdens). |
| Gen 49:15 | וַיַּ֤רְא מְנֻחָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב וְאֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ כִּ֣י נָעֵ֑מָה וַיֵּ֤ט שִׁכְמוֹ֙ לִסְבֹּ֔ל וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃ ס |
And he saw that the resting place was good, And that the land was pleasant. So he set his shoulder to bear the burden And became a tribute-paying servant. |
was pleasant: we take it as a verbal form. AV differs, taking it as adjectival, italicizing was.
set ← stretched. |
| Gen 49:16 | דָּ֖ן יָדִ֣ין עַמּ֑וֹ כְּאַחַ֖ד שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Dan will judge his people, As one of the tribes of Israel. |
|
| Gen 49:17 | יְהִי־דָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ עֲלֵי־דֶ֔רֶךְ שְׁפִיפֹ֖ן עֲלֵי־אֹ֑רַח הַנֹּשֵׁךְ֙ עִקְּבֵי־ס֔וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל רֹכְב֖וֹ אָחֽוֹר׃ |
Dan will become a serpent on the way – An adder on the road – That bites the heels of a horse, So the rider falls off backwards. |
|
| Gen 49:18 | לִֽישׁוּעָתְךָ֖ קִוִּ֥יתִי יְהוָֽה׃ |
O Lord, I have put my hope in your salvation. |
|
| Gen 49:19 | גָּ֖ד גְּד֣וּד יְגוּדֶ֑נּוּ וְה֖וּא יָגֻ֥ד עָקֵֽב׃ ס |
As for Gad, A troop will press on him, But he will press on the heel. |
press on the heel: AV differs (overcome the last). |
| Gen 49:20 | מֵאָשֵׁ֖ר שְׁמֵנָ֣ה לַחְמ֑וֹ וְה֥וּא יִתֵּ֖ן מַֽעֲדַנֵּי־מֶֽלֶךְ׃ ס |
From Asher comes his rich bread, And he will supply royal delicacies. |
rich ← fat.
supply ← give. |
| Gen 49:21 | נַפְתָּלִ֖י אַיָּלָ֣ה שְׁלֻחָ֑ה הַנֹּתֵ֖ן אִמְרֵי־שָֽׁפֶר׃ ס |
Naphtali is a hind let loose, Who bears words of beauty. |
|
| Gen 49:22 | בֵּ֤ן פֹּרָת֙ יוֹסֵ֔ף בֵּ֥ן פֹּרָ֖ת עֲלֵי־עָ֑יִן בָּנ֕וֹת צָעֲדָ֖ה עֲלֵי־שֽׁוּר׃ |
Joseph is a fruitful bough, A fruitful bough at a water-source, With branches where each shoots over a wall. |
bough (2x) ← son. Also applied to a plant in Ps 80:16 (Ps 80:15AV). |
| Gen 49:23 | וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ וָרֹ֑בּוּ וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֻ֖הוּ בַּעֲלֵ֥י חִצִּֽים׃ |
The archers provoked him And shot at him And hated him. |
hated: or laid snares for. |
| Gen 49:24 | וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיָּפֹ֖זּוּ זְרֹעֵ֣י יָדָ֑יו מִידֵי֙ אֲבִ֣יר יַעֲקֹ֔ב מִשָּׁ֥ם רֹעֶ֖ה אֶ֥בֶן יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
But his bow remained in place firmly, And the strength of his hands was with agility, From the hands of the mighty one of Jacob, From where the shepherd comes – The stone of Israel. |
strength ← arms, but also strengths. |
| Gen 49:25 | מֵאֵ֨ל אָבִ֜יךָ וְיַעְזְרֶ֗ךָּ וְאֵ֤ת שַׁדַּי֙ וִיבָ֣רְכֶ֔ךָּ בִּרְכֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מֵעָ֔ל בִּרְכֹ֥ת תְּה֖וֹם רֹבֶ֣צֶת תָּ֑חַת בִּרְכֹ֥ת שָׁדַ֖יִם וָרָֽחַם׃ |
This is from the God of your father, Who will help you, And with the Almighty, Who will bless you with heavenly blessings above, Blessings from the deep which lies below – Blessings of the breasts and womb. |
from the deep ← of the deep. |
| Gen 49:26 | בִּרְכֹ֣ת אָבִ֗יךָ גָּֽבְרוּ֙ עַל־בִּרְכֹ֣ת הוֹרַ֔י עַֽד־תַּאֲוַ֖ת גִּבְעֹ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם תִּֽהְיֶ֙ין֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ יוֹסֵ֔ף וּלְקָדְקֹ֖ד נְזִ֥יר אֶחָֽיו׃ פ |
The blessings of your father Have been mightier than the blessings of my parents, Extending to the limits of the age-old hills. They will be for Joseph's head And for the crown of the head of the Nazarite Among his brothers. |
limits ← limit; also the word for desire. [BDB] offers roots אוה and תות and תאה.
age-old: or age-abiding. they will be for Joseph's head (etc.): compare Deut 33:16. Nazarite: one set apart. among ← of. |
| Gen 49:27 | בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף בַּבֹּ֖קֶר יֹ֣אכַל עַ֑ד וְלָעֶ֖רֶב יְחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁלָֽל׃ |
Benjamin is a wolf Which will tear quarry apart. In the morning he will eat prey And in the evening he will divide spoil.” |
|
| Gen 49:28 | כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֑ר וְ֠זֹאת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֨ר לָהֶ֤ם אֲבִיהֶם֙ וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אוֹתָ֔ם אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כְּבִרְכָת֖וֹ בֵּרַ֥ךְ אֹתָֽם׃ | All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father said to them. And he blessed them. He blessed them individually, each according to his blessing. | |
| Gen 49:29 | וַיְצַ֣ו אוֹתָ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אֲנִי֙ נֶאֱסָ֣ף אֶל־עַמִּ֔י קִבְר֥וּ אֹתִ֖י אֶל־אֲבֹתָ֑י אֶל־הַ֨מְּעָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׂדֵ֖ה עֶפְר֥וֹן הַֽחִתִּֽי׃ | And he instructed them, and he said to them, “I am being gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave which is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, | with ... in ← to ... to. Pregnant usage of the preposition. |
| Gen 49:30 | בַּמְּעָרָ֞ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּשְׂדֵ֧ה הַמַּכְפֵּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־מַמְרֵ֖א בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ קָנָ֨ה אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה מֵאֵ֛ת עֶפְרֹ֥ן הַחִתִּ֖י לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָֽבֶר׃ | in the cave which is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite as an acquisition for a burial ground. | Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 49:31 | שָׁ֣מָּה קָֽבְר֞וּ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֗ם וְאֵת֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ שָׁ֚מָּה קָבְר֣וּ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וְאֵ֖ת רִבְקָ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁ֥מָּה קָבַ֖רְתִּי אֶת־לֵאָֽה׃ | That is where they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife. That is where they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife. And that is where I buried Leah. | |
| Gen 49:32 | מִקְנֵ֧ה הַשָּׂדֶ֛ה וְהַמְּעָרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ מֵאֵ֥ת בְּנֵי־חֵֽת׃ | It is the field, and the cave which is in it, which were acquired from the sons of Heth.” | the field ... acquired ← the acquisition of the field. |
| Gen 49:33 | וַיְכַ֤ל יַעֲקֹב֙ לְצַוֺּ֣ת אֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף רַגְלָ֖יו אֶל־הַמִּטָּ֑ה וַיִּגְוַ֖ע וַיֵּאָ֥סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃ | Then Jacob finished instructing his sons, and he drew back his feet into the bed, and he expired and was gathered to his people. | people ← peoples. |
| Gen 50:1 | וַיִּפֹּ֥ל יוֹסֵ֖ף עַל־פְּנֵ֣י אָבִ֑יו וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ עָלָ֖יו וַיִּשַּׁק־לֽוֹ׃ | And Joseph fell on his father's face and wept for him and kissed him. | |
| Gen 50:2 | וַיְצַ֨ו יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶת־עֲבָדָיו֙ אֶת־הָרֹ֣פְאִ֔ים לַחֲנֹ֖ט אֶת־אָבִ֑יו וַיַּחַנְט֥וּ הָרֹפְאִ֖ים אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Joseph instructed his servants the doctors to embalm his father. So the doctors embalmed Israel. | |
| Gen 50:3 | וַיִּמְלְאוּ־לוֹ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י הַחֲנֻטִ֑ים וַיִּבְכּ֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ מִצְרַ֖יִם שִׁבְעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ | And his forty days were fulfilled, for so the days of embalming are fulfilled, and the Egyptians wept for him for seventy days. | the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Gen 50:4 | וַיַּֽעַבְרוּ֙ יְמֵ֣י בְכִית֔וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יוֹסֵ֔ף אֶל־בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־נָ֨א מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם דַּבְּרוּ־נָ֕א בְּאָזְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then when the days of his being wept for had passed, Joseph spoke to the house of Pharaoh and said, “If I have now found grace in your eyes, please have a word in Pharaoh's ear and say, |
his being wept for: i.e. Jacob's being wept for. Alternatively, his weeping, i.e. Joseph's weeping.
your: plural. have a word ← speak. |
| Gen 50:5 | אָבִ֞י הִשְׁבִּיעַ֣נִי לֵאמֹ֗ר הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִי֮ מֵת֒ בְּקִבְרִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר כָּרִ֤יתִי לִי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן שָׁ֖מָּה תִּקְבְּרֵ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֶֽעֱלֶה־נָּ֛א וְאֶקְבְּרָ֥ה אֶת־אָבִ֖י וְאָשֽׁוּבָה׃ | ‘My father adjured me and said, «Look, I am dying. Bury me over there in my tomb which I dug for myself in the land of Canaan.» So now let me go up and bury my father, and I will come back.’ ” | |
| Gen 50:6 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֑ה עֲלֵ֛ה וּקְבֹ֥ר אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיעֶֽךָ׃ | Then Pharaoh said, “Go up and bury your father, as he adjured you.” | |
| Gen 50:7 | וַיַּ֥עַל יוֹסֵ֖ף לִקְבֹּ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֑יו וַיַּֽעֲל֨וּ אִתּ֜וֹ כָּל־עַבְדֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בֵית֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל זִקְנֵ֥י אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So Joseph went up to bury his father, and all Pharaoh's servants went up with him – the elders of his household – and all the elders of the land of Egypt, | |
| Gen 50:8 | וְכֹל֙ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף וְאֶחָ֖יו וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יו רַ֗ק טַפָּם֙ וְצֹאנָ֣ם וּבְקָרָ֔ם עָזְב֖וּ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גֹּֽשֶׁן׃ | as did all the household of Joseph, and his brothers, and the household of his father. They only left their little ones and their small cattle and their bovine cattle behind in the land of Goshen. | |
| Gen 50:9 | וַיַּ֣עַל עִמּ֔וֹ גַּם־רֶ֖כֶב גַּם־פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וַיְהִ֥י הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ | And both chariots and horsemen went up with him, and the company was very large. |
company ← encampment.
large ← heavy. |
| Gen 50:10 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַד־גֹּ֣רֶן הָאָטָ֗ד אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּ֨סְפְּדוּ־שָׁ֔ם מִסְפֵּ֛ד גָּד֥וֹל וְכָבֵ֖ד מְאֹ֑ד וַיַּ֧עַשׂ לְאָבִ֛יו אֵ֖בֶל שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And they came to the threshing floor in Atad, which is across the Jordan, and they mourned there with a great and very grave mourning, and he held lamentation for his father for seven days. |
in Atad ← of the Atad.
held ← made. |
| Gen 50:11 | וַיַּ֡רְא יוֹשֵׁב֩ הָאָ֨רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י אֶת־הָאֵ֗בֶל בְּגֹ֙רֶן֙ הָֽאָטָ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵֽבֶל־כָּבֵ֥ד זֶ֖ה לְמִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ אָבֵ֣ל מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And the inhabitants of the land – the Canaanites – saw the lamentation at the threshing floor of Atad, and they said, “This is a great lamentation for Egypt.” That is why they called it Abel-Mizraim, which is across the Jordan. |
Canaanites ← Canaanite.
Atad ← the Atad. they called ← he called, i.e. the Canaanite(s) called, or one called. Abel-Mizraim ← mourning of Egypt. |
| Gen 50:12 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ בָנָ֖יו ל֑וֹ כֵּ֖ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽם׃ | So his sons did for him as he had instructed them. | |
| Gen 50:13 | וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ בָנָיו֙ אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ בִּמְעָרַ֖ת שְׂדֵ֣ה הַמַּכְפֵּלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָה֩ אַבְרָהָ֨ם אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה לַאֲחֻזַּת־קֶ֗בֶר מֵאֵ֛ת עֶפְרֹ֥ן הַחִתִּ֖י עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מַמְרֵֽא׃ | And his sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham had bought with the field as an acquisition for a burial place, from Ephron the Hittite, opposite Mamre. | Machpelah ← the Machpelah. |
| Gen 50:14 | וַיָּ֨שָׁב יוֹסֵ֤ף מִצְרַ֙יְמָה֙ ה֣וּא וְאֶחָ֔יו וְכָל־הָעֹלִ֥ים אִתּ֖וֹ לִקְבֹּ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֑יו אַחֲרֵ֖י קָבְר֥וֹ אֶת־אָבִֽיו׃ | Then Joseph returned to Egypt, he and his brothers, and all those who had gone up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father. | |
| Gen 50:15 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֲחֵֽי־יוֹסֵף֙ כִּי־מֵ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ ל֥וּ יִשְׂטְמֵ֖נוּ יוֹסֵ֑ף וְהָשֵׁ֤ב יָשִׁיב֙ לָ֔נוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּמַ֖לְנוּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then when Joseph's brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph hates us, and fully requites us for all the evil which we did to him?” |
fully requites: infinitive absolute.
did: a literary word, perhaps equating to render, often denoting reciprocity, retribute. |
| Gen 50:16 | וַיְצַוּ֕וּ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבִ֣יךָ צִוָּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹת֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they sent messengers to Joseph with a commission to say, “Your father gave a command before his death and said, | sent ... with a commission ← commanded to / towards. |
| Gen 50:17 | כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְיוֹסֵ֗ף אָ֣נָּ֡א שָׂ֣א נָ֠א פֶּ֣שַׁע אַחֶ֤יךָ וְחַטָּאתָם֙ כִּי־רָעָ֣ה גְמָל֔וּךָ וְעַתָּה֙ שָׂ֣א נָ֔א לְפֶ֥שַׁע עַבְדֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ יוֹסֵ֖ף בְּדַבְּרָ֥ם אֵלָֽיו׃ | ‘Say this to Joseph: «Please forgive now the transgression of your brothers and their sin, for they did you wrong.» ’ So now, do forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of your father.” And Joseph wept when they spoke to him. | did: see Gen 50:15. |
| Gen 50:18 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ גַּם־אֶחָ֔יו וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֶּ֥נּֽוּ לְךָ֖ לַעֲבָדִֽים׃ | And his brothers also went and fell down before him and said, “Here we are as your servants.” | here we are ← behold us. |
| Gen 50:19 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֛ם יוֹסֵ֖ף אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ כִּ֛י הֲתַ֥חַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים אָֽנִי׃ | Then Joseph said to them, “Do not be afraid, for am I in the place of God? | |
| Gen 50:20 | וְאַתֶּ֕ם חֲשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָלַ֖י רָעָ֑ה אֱלֹהִים֙ חֲשָׁבָ֣הּ לְטֹבָ֔ה לְמַ֗עַן עֲשֹׂ֛ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהַחֲיֹ֥ת עַם־רָֽב׃ | While you were devising evil against me, God devised that it should be for good, so as to make it a means of preserving a great people alive, as it is this day. | |
| Gen 50:21 | וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔אוּ אָנֹכִ֛י אֲכַלְכֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְאֶֽת־טַפְּכֶ֑ם וַיְנַחֵ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לִבָּֽם׃ | So now, do not be afraid. I will sustain you and your little ones.” Then he comforted them and spoke kindly to them. | spoke kindly to them ← spoke to their heart. Compare Isa 40:2. |
| Gen 50:22 | וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב יוֹסֵף֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם ה֖וּא וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יו וַיְחִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then Joseph dwelt in Egypt – he and his father's household – and Joseph lived for one hundred and ten years. | |
| Gen 50:23 | וַיַּ֤רְא יוֹסֵף֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּנֵ֖י שִׁלֵּשִׁ֑ים גַּ֗ם בְּנֵ֤י מָכִיר֙ בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יֻלְּד֖וּ עַל־בִּרְכֵּ֥י יוֹסֵֽף׃ | And Joseph saw the sons of the third generation of Ephraim. Also, the sons of Machir, Manasseh's son, were born at Joseph's knees. | |
| Gen 50:24 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־אֶחָ֔יו אָנֹכִ֖י מֵ֑ת וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים פָּקֹ֧ד יִפְקֹ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֗ם וְהֶעֱלָ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֛ע לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And Joseph said to his brothers, “I am dying, but God will assuredly visit you and bring you up from this land to the land which he swore about to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob.” | will assuredly visit: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 50:25 | וַיַּשְׁבַּ֣ע יוֹסֵ֔ף אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר פָּקֹ֨ד יִפְקֹ֤ד אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהַעֲלִתֶ֥ם אֶת־עַצְמֹתַ֖י מִזֶּֽה׃ | And Joseph charged the sons of Israel solemnly and said, “God will assuredly visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here.” | will assuredly visit: infinitive absolute. |
| Gen 50:26 | וַיָּ֣מָת יוֹסֵ֔ף בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִ֑ים וַיַּחַנְט֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וַיִּ֥ישֶׂם בָּאָר֖וֹן בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Joseph died, being one hundred and ten years old, and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt. | |
| Ex 1:1 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵית֖וֹ בָּֽאוּ׃ | Now these are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt. Each man and his household came with Jacob: | |
| Ex 1:2 | רְאוּבֵ֣ן שִׁמְע֔וֹן לֵוִ֖י וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah, | |
| Ex 1:3 | יִשָּׂשכָ֥ר זְבוּלֻ֖ן וּבְנְיָמִֽן׃ | Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin, | |
| Ex 1:4 | דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ | Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. | |
| Ex 1:5 | וַֽיְהִ֗י כָּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הָיָ֥ה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the number of all the people who came out of Jacob's thighs was seventy people, while Joseph was in Egypt. |
all the people ... people ← every soul ... soul.
thighs ← thigh. |
| Ex 1:6 | וַיָּ֤מָת יוֹסֵף֙ וְכָל־אֶחָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל הַדּ֥וֹר הַהֽוּא׃ | And Joseph died, as did all his brothers and all that generation, | |
| Ex 1:7 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם׃ פ | but the sons of Israel were fruitful, and they abounded and increased and became strong in number to a very great extent, and the land was filled with them. | to a very great extent ← to very (much) very (much). |
| Ex 1:8 | וַיָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃ | And a new king arose over Egypt, who had not known Joseph, | |
| Ex 1:9 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־עַמּ֑וֹ הִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | and he said to his people, “Look, the people of the sons of Israel is more numerous and stronger than we are. | |
| Ex 1:10 | הָ֥בָה נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה ל֑וֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ וְנוֹסַ֤ף גַּם־הוּא֙ עַל־שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּ֖נוּ וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Come on, let us act wisely with them so that they don't increase, for it might be that a war befalls us, and they might for their part be a reinforcement to those that hate us, and that fight us and go up from the land.” |
them ← it, referring to the people, as a whole.
for their part ← he also. reinforcement ← supplement. go up: i.e. go to war. Compare Judg 20:18, 2 Sam 23:9, Isa 21:2. |
| Ex 1:11 | וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃ | And they appointed tribute-masters over them in order to afflict them with their burdens, and they built cities of storehouses for Pharaoh: Pithom and Rameses. |
them ... them ... they ← it ... it ... it, referring to the people, as a whole.
their burdens: i.e. the burdens which the Egyptians imposed. Rameses: here Raamses but elsewhere Rameses. |
| Ex 1:12 | וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But the more they afflicted them, the more they increased and the more they expanded, and they felt revulsion at the sons of Israel. |
the more ... the more ... the more ← as ... so ... and so.
felt revulsion: or feared. |
| Ex 1:13 | וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ | Then the Egyptians made the sons of Israel serve with rigour, |
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2.
rigour: or oppression. |
| Ex 1:14 | וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ | and they made their lives bitter with hard work, work with mortar and bricks and all kinds of outdoor work. All their work which they imposed on them was with rigour. |
outdoor work ← work of the field / countryside.
imposed ← worked; put to work. |
| Ex 1:15 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ שִׁפְרָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית פּוּעָֽה׃ | Then the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, the name of one of whom was Shiphrah, and the name of the other was Puah, | the other ← the second. |
| Ex 1:16 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה׃ | and he said, “When you deliver the Hebrew women, you will see the sex by the presence or absence of the testicles. If it is a son, you will kill him, but if it is a daughter, she will live.” | testicles ← stones. AV differs (stools). The consonants of the word are as for stones, and the vocalization is dual, but the vocalized word is from אֹבֶן, oben, not אֶבֶן, eben, which [BDB] give as probably ↴ |
| Ex 1:17 | וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְלֹ֣א עָשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ן מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃ | But the midwives feared God, and they did not do what the king of Egypt said to them, and they let the children live. | ↳ referring to the midwife's stool. In Lev 21:20 אֶשֶׁךְ, eshek, is used for testicle, where AV= stones. |
| Ex 1:18 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃ | Then the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this thing and let the children live?” | |
| Ex 1:19 | וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃ | And the midwives said to Pharaoh, “It is because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are lively, and before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth.” | |
| Ex 1:20 | וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת וַיִּ֧רֶב הָעָ֛ם וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃ | And God treated the midwives well, and the people increased and became very strong. | |
| Ex 1:21 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים׃ | Then it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he built up the people into family house lines. | he built up the people into family house lines ← he made for them houses. |
| Ex 1:22 | וַיְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְכָל־עַמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֙רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃ ס | Then Pharaoh commanded all his people and said, “As for every son born, cast him into the river, but let every daughter live.” | |
| Ex 2:1 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִ֖ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית לֵוִ֑י וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי׃ | Now a man from the house of Levi went out and took Levi's daughter as a wife, | Levi's daughter: standing for a female descendant of Levi. |
| Ex 2:2 | וַתַּ֥הַר הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֹתוֹ֙ כִּי־ט֣וֹב ה֔וּא וַֽתִּצְפְּנֵ֖הוּ שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יְרָחִֽים׃ | and the woman conceived and bore a son, and she saw that he was fair, and she hid him for three months. | saw that he was fair ← saw him that he (was) fair. |
| Ex 2:3 | וְלֹא־יָכְלָ֣ה עוֹד֮ הַצְּפִינוֹ֒ וַתִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת וַתָּ֤שֶׂם בָּהּ֙ אֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד וַתָּ֥שֶׂם בַּסּ֖וּף עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃ | But when she could no longer keep him hidden, she took a reed ark for him and impregnated it with bitumen and pitch, and she put the child in it, and she put it in the bulrushes by the bank of the river, | impregnated it: we, with [AnLx], take final hé of the word as paragogic, not as a pronominal suffix (because it lacks a mappiq), which the AV does. So AV differs slightly. |
| Ex 2:4 | וַתֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק לְדֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | while his sister stood at a distance to see what would be done to him. | see ← know. |
| Ex 2:5 | וַתֵּ֤רֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙ לִרְחֹ֣ץ עַל־הַיְאֹ֔ר וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ הֹלְכֹ֖ת עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֶת־הַתֵּבָה֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַסּ֔וּף וַתִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֶת־אֲמָתָ֖הּ וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ | Then Pharaoh's daughter came down to wash at the riverside, and her maidservants went to the riverside, and she saw the ark in among the bulrushes, and she sent a maidservant of hers to get it. | |
| Ex 2:6 | וַתִּפְתַּח֙ וַתִּרְאֵ֣הוּ אֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד וְהִנֵּה־נַ֖עַר בֹּכֶ֑ה וַתַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מִיַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽעִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה׃ | And she opened it and saw the child, and what she saw was a boy crying, and she had compassion on him, and she said, “This is one of the Hebrews' children.” | what she saw was ← behold. |
| Ex 2:7 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחֹתוֹ֮ אֶל־בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒ הַאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד׃ | Then his sister said to Pharaoh's daughter, “Shall I go and call for a nurse for you from the Hebrew women to suckle the child for you?” | |
| Ex 2:8 | וַתֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵ֑כִי וַתֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הָֽעַלְמָ֔ה וַתִּקְרָ֖א אֶת־אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד׃ | And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, “Yes, go.” So the maiden went and called for the child's mother. | |
| Ex 2:9 | וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַיֶּ֤לֶד הַזֶּה֙ וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ לִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָאִשָּׁ֛ה הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַתְּנִיקֵֽהוּ׃ | And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, “Take this child away and suckle him for me, and I will give you your recompense.” So the woman took the child and suckled him. | |
| Ex 2:10 | וַיִגְדַּ֣ל הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַתְּבִאֵ֙הוּ֙ לְבַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃ | And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh's daughter, and he was a son to her, and she called him Moses and said, “For I drew him out of the water.” | Moses ← Mosheh (drawing out), but we retain the AV name. |
| Ex 2:11 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֶל־אֶחָ֔יו וַיַּ֖רְא בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י מֵאֶחָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass in those days that Moses grew up and went out to his brothers, and he saw their burdens, and he saw an Egyptian man striking a Hebrew man – one of his brothers. | |
| Ex 2:12 | וַיִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָכֹ֔ה וַיַּ֖רְא כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַֽיִּטְמְנֵ֖הוּ בַּחֽוֹל׃ | Then he looked to one side and to the other side, and when he saw that there was no man there, he struck the Egyptian and buried him in the sand. |
to one side and to the other side ← thus and thus.
buried ← hid, but especially in the earth. |
| Ex 2:13 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְהִנֵּ֛ה שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֥ים עִבְרִ֖ים נִצִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לָֽרָשָׁ֔ע לָ֥מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽךָ׃ | Then he went out on the second day, and there were two Hebrew men quarrelling, and he said to the one in the wrong, “Why are you striking your colleague?” | there were ← behold. |
| Ex 2:14 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ הַלְהָרְגֵ֙נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י וַיִּירָ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַדָּבָֽר׃ | To which he said, “Who appointed you a commander and a judge over us? Do you intend to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian?” At this Moses was afraid, and he said to himself, “Obviously, the incident has become well-known.” |
Acts 7:27, Acts 7:28, Acts 7:35.
a commander ← a man commanding. intend ← say. |
| Ex 2:15 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַהֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּבְרַ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִדְיָ֖ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב עַֽל־הַבְּאֵֽר׃ | When Pharaoh heard about this incident, he wanted to kill Moses, but Moses fled from Pharaoh's presence, and he dwelt in the land of Midian, and he dwelt by the well. | wanted ← sought, or demanded. |
| Ex 2:16 | וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה וַתְּמַלֶּ֙אנָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣רְהָטִ֔ים לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן׃ | Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came and drew water, and they filled the troughs to give their father's flocks drink. | |
| Ex 2:17 | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָרֹעִ֖ים וַיְגָרְשׁ֑וּם וַיָּ֤קָם מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיּ֣וֹשִׁעָ֔ן וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־צֹאנָֽם׃ | Then the shepherds came and drove them away, but Moses arose and saved them, and he gave their flocks drink. | |
| Ex 2:18 | וַתָּבֹ֕אנָה אֶל־רְעוּאֵ֖ל אֲבִיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And they went to Reuel their father, and he said, “How come you have come so quickly today?” |
how come ← why, but the word in Hebrew serves for cause (why?) and reason (how come?).
come so quickly ← hastened to come. |
| Ex 2:19 | וַתֹּאמַ֕רְןָ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | And they said, “An Egyptian man rescued us from the hand of the shepherds, and he also went so far as to draw water for us, and he gave our flocks water.” | went so far as to draw: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 2:20 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֹתָ֖יו וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ וְיֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃ | Then he said to his daughters, “So where is he? Why did you leave the man? Invite the man to eat bread.” |
why ← why this, or why then.
to eat ← and let him eat. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ex 2:21 | וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְמֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses was willing to dwell with the man, and he gave Zipporah his daughter to Moses as a wife. | |
| Ex 2:22 | וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ פ | And she bore him a son, and he called him Gershom, for he said, “I was a foreigner in a foreign land.” |
Heb 11:13.
Gershom ← a foreigner there. |
| Ex 2:23 | וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיָּ֙מָת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֵּאָנְח֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִן־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה וַיִּזְעָ֑קוּ וַתַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הָעֲבֹדָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in that long period that the king of Egypt died, but the sons of Israel sighed with the workload, and they cried out, and their outcry went up to God because of the workload. | in that long period ← in those many days. |
| Ex 2:24 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־נַאֲקָתָ֑ם וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־בְּרִית֔וֹ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob. | |
| Ex 2:25 | וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֖דַע אֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס | And God looked to the interests of the sons of Israel, and God acknowledged the situation. | |
| Ex 3:1 | וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃ | Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, when he drove the flock to the hinder part of the desert and came to the mountain of God, Horeb, |
Jethro ← Jithro, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Horeb: also known as Sinai. |
| Ex 3:2 | וַ֠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו בְּלַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃ | and the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a fiery flame from the middle of the bush. And he looked, and what he saw was a bush burning in the fire, but the bush was not being consumed. |
fiery flame ← a flame of fire, a Hebraic genitive.
what he saw was ← behold. a bush ← the bush. |
| Ex 3:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶ֥ה הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַסְּנֶֽה׃ | And Moses said, “I will just turn aside and look at this great spectacle, so as to see why the bush isn't burnt up.” | |
| Ex 3:4 | וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֵלָ֨יו אֱלֹהִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֗ה וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And the Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, and God called out to him from within the bush and said, “Moses, Moses.” And he said, “Here I am.” | |
| Ex 3:5 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֙יךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא׃ | Then he said, “Do not come near here. Take your shoes off your feet, for the place which you are standing on is holy ground.” | Acts 7:33. |
| Ex 3:6 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, for he was afraid of looking at God. | Matt 22:32, Mark 12:26, Luke 20:37, Acts 7:32. |
| Ex 3:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־צַעֲקָתָ֤ם שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו כִּ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי אֶת־מַכְאֹבָֽיו׃ | And the Lord said, “I have clearly seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt and heard their cry on account of their taskmasters, for I know their pains. |
Acts 7:34.
clearly seen: infinitive absolute. their ... their ... their ← its ... its ... its referring to the singular people. |
| Ex 3:8 | וָאֵרֵ֞ד לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And I have come down to deliver them from Egypt's grip, to bring them up from that land to a good and wide land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite. |
Acts 7:34.
them (2x) ← it; compare the previous verse. grip ← hand. flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ex 3:9 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֛ה צַעֲקַ֥ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣אָה אֵלָ֑י וְגַם־רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַלַּ֔חַץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹחֲצִ֥ים אֹתָֽם׃ | So now, what has happened is that the cry of the sons of Israel has come to me, and I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians are oppressing them. |
what has happened is that ← behold.
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 3:10 | וְעַתָּ֣ה לְכָ֔ה וְאֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֖ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהוֹצֵ֛א אֶת־עַמִּ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | So now, go, and I will send you to Pharaoh, and bring my people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.” | Acts 7:34. |
| Ex 3:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and that I should bring the sons of Israel out of Egypt?” | |
| Ex 3:12 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑יךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָהָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And he said, “Be assured that I will be with you, and this will be a sign to you, that I have sent you: when you bring the people out of Egypt, you will serve God on this mountain.” |
Acts 7:7.
that I will be with you: or for “I am” (is) with you. See Ex 3:14. when you bring: you-singular. you will serve: you-plural. |
| Ex 3:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לָהֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣י מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ | Then Moses said to God, “Look, when I go to the sons of Israel and I say to them, ‘The God of your fathers sent me to you’, they will say to me, ‘What is his name?’ What should I say to them?” | fathers: i.e. forefathers. |
| Ex 3:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כֹּ֤ה תֹאמַר֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And God said to Moses, “I am what I am”, and he said, “This is what you shall say to the sons of Israel: ‘I am has sent me to you.’ ” |
The verse is alluded to in Luke 22:70, John 4:26, John 6:20, John 18:5, Rev 1:4, Rev 1:8.
I am (3x): or I will be. this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 3:15 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם זֶה־שְּׁמִ֣י לְעֹלָ֔ם וְזֶ֥ה זִכְרִ֖י לְדֹ֥ר דֹּֽר׃ | Then God spoke again to Moses: “This is what you will say to the sons of Israel: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob has sent me to you.’ This is my name age-abidingly, and this is my memorial from generation to generation. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 3:16 | לֵ֣ךְ וְאָֽסַפְתָּ֞ אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵהֶם֙ יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִרְאָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֙דְתִּי֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הֶעָשׂ֥וּי לָכֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Go, and gather the elders of Israel and say to them, ‘The Lord God of your fathers appeared to me, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and he said, «I will certainly visit you and that which has been done to you in Egypt. | I will certainly visit: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 3:17 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֮ מֵעֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | And I have said, ‹I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.› » ’ |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
flowing with: see Ex 3:8. |
| Ex 3:18 | וְשָׁמְע֖וּ לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ וּבָאתָ֡ אַתָּה֩ וְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֗יִם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעִבְרִיִּים֙ נִקְרָ֣ה עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה נֵֽלֲכָה־נָּ֞א דֶּ֣רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And they will comply with you, and both you and the elders of Israel will go to the king of Egypt and say to him, ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews has met up with us, so now, kindly let us go three days' journey into the desert so we can sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ |
comply with you ← hear your voice.
so: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 3:19 | וַאֲנִ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֛ם מֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרַ֖יִם לַהֲלֹ֑ךְ וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃ | And I know that the king of Egypt will not permit you to go, and not so with a strong hand. | not so with a strong hand: i.e. he will prevent you forcefully. |
| Ex 3:20 | וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִי֙ וְהִכֵּיתִ֣י אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹל֙ נִפְלְאֹתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | But I will stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in its midst, and after that, he will let you go. | stretch ← send. |
| Ex 3:21 | וְנָתַתִּ֛י אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָיָה֙ כִּ֣י תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם׃ | And I will give this people grace in the eyes of Egypt, and it will be the case that when you go, you will not go empty-handed. | give this people grace ← give the grace of this people. |
| Ex 3:22 | וְשָׁאֲלָ֨ה אִשָּׁ֤ה מִשְּׁכֶנְתָּהּ֙ וּמִגָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֛סֶף וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב וּשְׂמָלֹ֑ת וְשַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵיכֶם֙ וְעַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And a woman will ask from her neighbour, and from her that is staying in her house, for items of silver and items of gold, and clothes, and you will put them on your sons and on your daughters, and you will despoil Egypt.” | staying in ← staying of. |
| Ex 4:1 | וַיַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר וְהֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔י וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּקֹלִ֑י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Moses answered and said, “But what if they do not believe me, and they do not comply with me? For they will say, ‘The Lord did not appear to you.’ ” | comply with me ← hear my voice. |
| Ex 4:2 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה *מזה **מַה־**זֶּ֣ה בְיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מַטֶּֽה׃ | Then the Lord said to him, “What is that in your hand?” And he said, “A rod.” | what is that: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré. |
| Ex 4:3 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַשְׁלִיכֵ֣הוּ אַ֔רְצָה וַיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֥הוּ אַ֖רְצָה וַיְהִ֣י לְנָחָ֑שׁ וַיָּ֥נָס מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | He then said, “Throw it onto the ground.” So he threw it onto the ground, and it became a serpent, and Moses fled from its presence. | |
| Ex 4:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְךָ֔ וֶאֱחֹ֖ז בִּזְנָב֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ וַיַּ֣חֲזֶק בּ֔וֹ וַיְהִ֥י לְמַטֶּ֖ה בְּכַפּֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand and seize it by its tail.” So he stretched out his hand and seized it, and it became a rod in his palm. | |
| Ex 4:5 | לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | “Do this so that they may believe that the Lord God of their fathers – the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob – has appeared to you.” | |
| Ex 4:6 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֜וֹ ע֗וֹד הָֽבֵא־נָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וַיָּבֵ֥א יָד֖וֹ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וַיּ֣וֹצִאָ֔הּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה יָד֖וֹ מְצֹרַ֥עַת כַּשָּֽׁלֶג׃ | And the Lord said furthermore to him, “Just put your hand in your bosom.” So he put his hand in his bosom, and he took it out, and what he saw was that his hand was leprous like snow. | what he saw was that ← behold. |
| Ex 4:7 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הָשֵׁ֤ב יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־חֵיקֶ֔ךָ וַיָּ֥שֶׁב יָד֖וֹ אֶל־חֵיק֑וֹ וַיּֽוֹצִאָהּ֙ מֵֽחֵיק֔וֹ וְהִנֵּה־שָׁ֖בָה כִּבְשָׂרֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “Put your hand back in your bosom.” So he put his hand back in his bosom, and he took it out of his bosom, and what he saw was that it was restored like his flesh. | what he saw was that ← behold. |
| Ex 4:8 | וְהָיָה֙ אִם־לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לָ֔ךְ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֥ת הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ | “And it will come to pass, if they do not believe you, and they do not heed the first sign, then they will believe the last sign. |
heed ← hear the voice of. The fact that signs do not have voices shows the wider semantic scope of the expression.
believe ← believe the voice of. |
| Ex 4:9 | וְהָיָ֡ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ גַּם֩ לִשְׁנֵ֨י הָאֹת֜וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ לְקֹלֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֙ מִמֵּימֵ֣י הַיְאֹ֔ר וְשָׁפַכְתָּ֖ הַיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְהָי֤וּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקַּ֣ח מִן־הַיְאֹ֔ר וְהָי֥וּ לְדָ֖ם בַּיַּבָּֽשֶׁת׃ | And it will come to pass that if they don't even believe these two signs, and they do not comply with you, that you will take some water from the river and pour it on dry land, and the water which you took from the river will become blood on the dry land.” |
comply with you ← hear your voice.
will become: expressed twice in the Hebrew. |
| Ex 4:10 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָה֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵאָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי׃ | Then Moses said to the Lord, “Please, Lord*, I am not eloquent, nor was I yesterday or the day before, nor have I been since you spoke to your servant, for I am inarticulate and tongue-tied.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
eloquent ← a man of words. inarticulate and tongue-tied ← heavy of mouth and heavy of tongue. See also Ex 6:12. |
| Ex 4:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽאָדָם֒ א֚וֹ מִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר הֲלֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | But the Lord said to him, “Who put a mouth in man? Or who makes a man mute or deaf or sighted or blind? Do not I, the Lord? | |
| Ex 4:12 | וְעַתָּ֖ה לֵ֑ךְ וְאָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔יךָ וְהוֹרֵיתִ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּֽר׃ | So now, go, and I will be with your mouth, and I will instruct you as to what you will say.” | |
| Ex 4:13 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח׃ | Then he said, “Please, Lord*, send, would you, someone suitable for you to send.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
someone suitable for you to send ← by the hand of (whom) you will send. |
| Ex 4:14 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף יְהוָ֜ה בְּמֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲלֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר ה֑וּא וְגַ֤ם הִנֵּה־הוּא֙ יֹצֵ֣א לִקְרָאתֶ֔ךָ וְרָאֲךָ֖ וְשָׂמַ֥ח בְּלִבּֽוֹ׃ | At this the Lord's anger was kindled against Moses, and he said, “Is not Aaron your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak fluently, and moreover here he is coming out to meet you, and when he sees you, he will be glad in his heart. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
Aaron ← Aharon, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. he can speak fluently: infinitive absolute. here he is ← behold him. |
| Ex 4:15 | וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים בְּפִ֑יו וְאָנֹכִ֗י אֶֽהְיֶ֤ה עִם־פִּ֙יךָ֙ וְעִם־פִּ֔יהוּ וְהוֹרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃ | And you will speak to him, and you will put the words in his mouth, and I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and I will instruct you as to what you are to do. | |
| Ex 4:16 | וְדִבֶּר־ה֥וּא לְךָ֖ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה הוּא֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֣ לְפֶ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃ | And he will speak to the people for you, and he will be a mouth for you, and you will be to him as if you are God. | and he will be ← and it will be (that) he will be. |
| Ex 4:17 | וְאֶת־הַמַּטֶּ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה תִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖וֹ אֶת־הָאֹתֹֽת׃ פ | Now take this rod in your hand, with which you will perform the signs.” | |
| Ex 4:18 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיָּ֣שָׁב ׀ אֶל־יֶ֣תֶר חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אֵ֣לְכָה נָּ֗א וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣י אֲשֶׁר־בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם חַיִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִתְר֛וֹ לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then Moses departed and returned to Jether his father-in-law, and he said to him, “Let me go, would you, and I will return to my brothers who are in Egypt and see if they are still alive.” Then Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.” |
Jether: a variation on Jethro.
Jethro: see Ex 3:1. |
| Ex 4:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ בְּמִדְיָ֔ן לֵ֖ךְ שֻׁ֣ב מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּי־מֵ֙תוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses in Midian, “Go and return to Egypt, for all the men who tried to kill you have died.” | tried to kill you ← sought your soul. |
| Ex 4:20 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֣וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֗יו וַיַּרְכִּבֵם֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמֹ֔ר וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־מַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then Moses took his wife and his sons, and he mounted them on a donkey and returned to the land of Egypt. And Moses took the rod of God in his hand. | a donkey ← the donkey. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 4:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “As you go to return to Egypt, have in view all the miracles which I have put in your power and perform them before Pharaoh, and I will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go. |
power ← hand.
harden ← make firm. |
| Ex 4:22 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּנִ֥י בְכֹרִ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: «Israel is my son, my firstborn. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 4:23 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי וַתְּמָאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ הִנֵּה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י הֹרֵ֔ג אֶת־בִּנְךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽךָ׃ | And I say to you, ‹Let my son go so that he can serve me.› And if you refuse to let him go, be aware that I will kill your son, your firstborn.» ’ ” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
be aware that ← behold. |
| Ex 4:24 | וַיְהִ֥י בַדֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּמָּל֑וֹן וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣הוּ יְהוָ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ הֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, on the journey, at the inn, that the Lord met him and purposed to kill him. | him (2x): i.e. Moses' and Zipporah's son. |
| Ex 4:25 | וַתִּקַּ֨ח צִפֹּרָ֜ה צֹ֗ר וַתִּכְרֹת֙ אֶת־עָרְלַ֣ת בְּנָ֔הּ וַתַּגַּ֖ע לְרַגְלָ֑יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽי׃ | But Zipporah took a sharp stone and excised her son's foreskin and flung it at his feet, and she said, “What a bridegroom of blood you are to me!” | |
| Ex 4:26 | וַיִּ֖רֶף מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אָ֚ז אָֽמְרָ֔ה חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים לַמּוּלֹֽת׃ פ | Then the Lord left off from him. Then she said, “A bridegroom of blood in matters of circumcision.” | |
| Ex 4:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן לֵ֛ךְ לִקְרַ֥את מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֛הוּ בְּהַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיִּשַּׁק־לֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Aaron, “Go to meet Moses in the desert.” So he went, and he met him at the mount of God, and he kissed him. | in ← into. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Ex 4:28 | וַיַּגֵּ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ לְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן אֵ֛ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁלָח֑וֹ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הָאֹתֹ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽהוּ׃ | And Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord, who had sent him, and all the signs with which he had commissioned him. | commissioned ← commanded. |
| Ex 4:29 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיַּ֣אַסְפ֔וּ אֶת־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So Moses went, as did Aaron, and they gathered all the elders of the sons of Israel together. | |
| Ex 4:30 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָאֹתֹ֖ת לְעֵינֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses, and he performed the signs in the sight of the people. | |
| Ex 4:31 | וַֽיַּאֲמֵ֖ן הָעָ֑ם וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֡וּ כִּֽי־פָקַ֨ד יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְכִ֤י רָאָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיָ֔ם וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃ | And the people believed, and they heard that the Lord had visited the sons of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, and they bowed down and worshipped. | |
| Ex 5:1 | וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And afterwards Moses and Aaron came and said to Pharaoh, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Let my people go so that they may celebrate a festival to me in the desert.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 5:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃ | To this Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord that I should take notice of him in letting Israel go? I do not know the Lord, and I will not let Israel go either.” |
to this: wider use of the vav.
take notice of him ← hear his voice. in letting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 5:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָעִבְרִ֖ים נִקְרָ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְנִזְבְּחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ פֶּ֨ן־יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ בַּדֶּ֖בֶר א֥וֹ בֶחָֽרֶב׃ | Then they said, “The God of the Hebrews has come into contact with us. Please let us go three days' journey into the desert for us to sacrifice to the Lord our God, so that he does not assail us with pestilence or with the sword.” | |
| Ex 5:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | Whereupon the king of Egypt said to them, “Why should Moses and Aaron disrupt the people from their works? Go back to your tasks.” |
whereupon: wider use of the vav.
their ← its. |
| Ex 5:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה הֵן־רַבִּ֥ים עַתָּ֖ה עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם מִסִּבְלֹתָֽם׃ | And Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now numerous, and you have made them stop their tasks.” | |
| Ex 5:6 | וַיְצַ֥ו פַּרְעֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And on that day Pharaoh gave orders to the taskmasters over the people, and his foremen, and he said, | |
| Ex 5:7 | לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן לָתֵ֨ת תֶּ֧בֶן לָעָ֛ם לִלְבֹּ֥ן הַלְּבֵנִ֖ים כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם הֵ֚ם יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְקֹשְׁשׁ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃ | “You will no longer give the people straw for making the bricks as previously. They must go and gather straw for themselves. |
no longer ← not add to.
previously ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Ex 5:8 | וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּ֨נֶת הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּ֣ים הֵ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵ֤ם צֹֽעֲקִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | But you will impose on them the same quantity of bricks which they were making previously. Do not reduce it, for they are lazy, which is why they are shouting out, saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’ | previously ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Ex 5:9 | תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃ | Let the workload on the men be heavy, and let them work on it, and do not let them pay attention to vain words.” | |
| Ex 5:10 | וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃ | Then the taskmasters of the people went out, as did their foremen, and they spoke to the people and said, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am not giving you straw. |
their ← its.
this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 5:11 | אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ | You must go and get straw for yourselves from wherever you can find it, yet none of your work is to be reduced at all.’ ” | none of your work ← not a thing of your works. |
| Ex 5:12 | וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃ | Then the people dispersed all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. | |
| Ex 5:13 | וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים אָצִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּהְי֥וֹת הַתֶּֽבֶן׃ | And the taskmasters pressed them and said, “Complete your work – the daily routine – as when there was straw.” | straw ← the straw. |
| Ex 5:14 | וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣מוּ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם נֹגְשֵׂ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And the foremen of the sons of Israel, whom Pharaoh's taskmasters had appointed over them, were beaten, while they said, “Why have you not completed your assignment to make bricks today in the same way as previously?” |
assignment ← statute.
today in the same way as previously ← as the day before yesterday also yesterday also today. |
| Ex 5:15 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ | Then the foremen of the sons of Israel came and cried out to Pharaoh and said, “Why are you dealing this way with your servants? | this way ← thus. |
| Ex 5:16 | תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבֵנִ֛ים אֹמְרִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ׃ | Straw is not given to your servants, yet they say to us, ‘Make bricks’, and look, your servants are beaten, but it is your people's fault.” | yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 5:17 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּן֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And he said, “You are lazy, lazy, which is why you say, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’ | |
| Ex 5:18 | וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ עִבְד֔וּ וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְתֹ֥כֶן לְבֵנִ֖ים תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃ | So now, go and work, but straw will not be given to you, but you will deliver the required quantity of bricks.” | |
| Ex 5:19 | וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | And the foremen of the sons of Israel saw that they were in a bad light when they said, “You will not reduce the quantity of your bricks in the daily routine.” | they: impersonal in Hebrew, so one could understand the Egyptian taskmasters or the Hebrew foremen or Pharaoh. |
| Ex 5:20 | וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נִצָּבִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֵ֥ת פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | Then they confronted Moses and Aaron, who were standing where they would meet them as they departed from Pharaoh, | |
| Ex 5:21 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃ | and they said to them, “May the Lord look into you and judge you, in that you have made us odious in Pharaoh's sight, and his servants' sight, with him putting a sword in their hand to kill us.” |
into ← over.
made us odious ← made our odour stink. |
| Ex 5:22 | וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֗י לָמָ֤ה הֲרֵעֹ֙תָה֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה שְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי׃ | Then Moses returned to the Lord and said, “O Lord*, why have you brought harm on this people? Why have you sent me like this? | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ex 5:23 | וּמֵאָ֞ז בָּ֤אתִי אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ הֵרַ֖ע לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהַצֵּ֥ל לֹא־הִצַּ֖לְתָּ אֶת־עַמֶּֽךָ׃ | For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought harm on this people, and you haven't by any means delivered your people.” |
for: causal use of the vav.
by any means delivered: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 6:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ ס | Then the Lord said to Moses, “You will now see what I will do to Pharaoh, for with a strong hand he will let them go, and with a strong hand he will drive them out of his land.” | |
| Ex 6:2 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And God spoke to Moses and said to him, “I am the Lord, | |
| Ex 6:3 | וָאֵרָ֗א אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּאֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם׃ | and I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty, and my name is the Lord, but I was not known to them in that character. |
as ← in.
the Lord ← Yhvh, with vowels probably Yahveh, but always rendered the Lord in the New Testament where it quotes the OT. AV differs here and in Ps 83:19 (Ps 83:18AV), Isa 12:2 and Isa 26:4 (JEHOVAH) with ↴ |
| Ex 6:4 | וְגַ֨ם הֲקִמֹ֤תִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אִתָּ֔ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֵ֛ת אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥רוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And I will also set up my covenant with them, by giving them the land of Canaan – the land of their domicile where they were resident. |
↳ the vowels, adapted, of Adonai, on the consonants Yhvh, because the Masoretes required, as a qeré, the pronunciation Adonai. Our small capital typography indicates the original Hebrew.
by giving: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 6:5 | וְגַ֣ם ׀ אֲנִ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶֽת־נַאֲקַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם מַעֲבִדִ֣ים אֹתָ֑ם וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃ | And I have also heard the groaning of the sons of Israel whom the Egyptians are forcing to work, and I have remembered my covenant. | Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 43:32. |
| Ex 6:6 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֒ וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְגָאַלְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ | Say, therefore, to the sons of Israel, ‘I am the Lord, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of Egypt, and I will deliver you from their works, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. | |
| Ex 6:7 | וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֥ם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And I will take you to myself as a people, and I will be God to you, and you will know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from being under the burdens of Egypt. | |
| Ex 6:8 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֣ת אֹתָ֔הּ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֹתָ֥הּ לָכֶ֛ם מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will bring you to the land where I raised my hand swearing to give it to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob, and I will give it to you as a possession, as I am the Lord.’ ” | |
| Ex 6:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֛ה כֵּ֖ן אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה׃ פ | So Moses spoke like that to the sons of Israel, but they did not listen to Moses on account of their impatience and the harsh work. |
like that ← thus.
impatience ← shortness of spirit. |
| Ex 6:10 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 6:11 | בֹּ֣א דַבֵּ֔ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וִֽישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | “Go and speak to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and say that he is to let the sons of Israel go from his land.” | |
| Ex 6:12 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם׃ פ | Then Moses spoke in the presence of the Lord and said, “Look, the sons of Israel have not listened to me, so how will Pharaoh listen to me, and I have an impediment in my speech.” | I have an impediment in my speech ← I (am of) foreskin of lips. See also Ex 4:10. |
| Ex 6:13 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ וַיְצַוֵּם֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ ס | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and he gave them instructions regarding the sons of Israel and Pharaoh the king of Egypt, so as to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt. | |
| Ex 6:14 | אֵ֖לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֣י בֵית־אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֜ן בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֲנ֤וֹךְ וּפַלּוּא֙ חֶצְר֣וֹן וְכַרְמִ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | These are the heads of the households of their fathers. The sons of Reuben Israel's firstborn were Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. Those were the families of Reuben. | Hanoch: see Gen 25:4. |
| Ex 6:15 | וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֨ל וְיָמִ֤ין וְאֹ֙הַד֙ וְיָכִ֣ין וְצֹ֔חַר וְשָׁא֖וּל בֶּן־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑ית אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | And the sons of Simeon were Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin and Zohar and Saul the son of the Canaanite woman. Those were the families of Simeon. | Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul. See Gen 46:10. AV= Shaul here. |
| Ex 6:16 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה שְׁמ֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ לְתֹ֣לְדֹתָ֔ם גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּקְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִ֑י וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י לֵוִ֔י שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה׃ | And these are the names of the sons of Levi, by their genealogy: Gershon and Kohath and Merari. And the years of the life of Levi were one hundred and thirty-seven years. | Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Ex 6:17 | בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֛וֹן לִבְנִ֥י וְשִׁמְעִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | The sons of Gershon were Libni and Shimei according to their families. | Shimei: AV= Shimi here, Shimei in Num 3:18. See Gen 31:21. |
| Ex 6:18 | וּבְנֵ֣י קְהָ֔ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְיִצְהָ֔ר וְחֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵ֑ל וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י קְהָ֔ת שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the sons of Kohath were Amram and Izhar and Hebron and Uzziel. And the years of Kohath's life were one hundred and thirty-three years. |
|| 1 Chr 5:28, 1 Chr 6:3 (1 Chr 6:2AV, 1 Chr 6:18AV).
Kohath (2x): see Gen 46:11. |
| Ex 6:19 | וּבְנֵ֥י מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֑י אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַלֵּוִ֖י לְתֹלְדֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. Those were the families of the Levites by their genealogies. |
|| 1 Chr 6:4 (1 Chr 6:19AV).
Mahli: AV= Mahali here, but Mahli in 1 Chr 6:4 (1 Chr 6:19AV). the Levites ← the Levi / Levite. |
| Ex 6:20 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח עַמְרָ֜ם אֶת־יוֹכֶ֤בֶד דֹּֽדָתוֹ֙ ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י עַמְרָ֔ם שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Amram took Jochebed his aunt as his wife, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. And the years of Amram's life were one hundred and thirty-seven years. | |
| Ex 6:21 | וּבְנֵ֖י יִצְהָ֑ר קֹ֥רַח וָנֶ֖פֶג וְזִכְרִֽי׃ | And the sons of Izhar were Korah and Nepheg and Zichri. | |
| Ex 6:22 | וּבְנֵ֖י עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִֽישָׁאֵ֥ל וְאֶלְצָפָ֖ן וְסִתְרִֽי׃ | And the sons of Uzziel were Mishael and Elzaphan and Sithri. | Sithri: AV= Zithri. |
| Ex 6:23 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע בַּת־עַמִּינָדָ֛ב אֲח֥וֹת נַחְשׁ֖וֹן ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֗וֹ אֶת־נָדָב֙ וְאֶת־אֲבִיה֔וּא אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאֶת־אִֽיתָמָֽר׃ | And Aaron took Elisheba the daughter of Amminadab, Nahshon's sister as his wife, and she bore him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. |
|| 1 Chr 5:29 (1 Chr 6:3AV).
Nahshon: AV= Naashon here, perhaps to distinguish him from the Nahshon in Ruth 4:20. Eleazar ← El'azar, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Ex 6:24 | וּבְנֵ֣י קֹ֔רַח אַסִּ֥יר וְאֶלְקָנָ֖ה וַאֲבִיאָסָ֑ף אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַקָּרְחִֽי׃ | And the sons of Korah were Assir and Elkanah and Abiasaph. Those were the families of the Korhites. | |
| Ex 6:25 | וְאֶלְעָזָ֨ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֜ן לָקַֽח־ל֨וֹ מִבְּנ֤וֹת פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙ ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ אֶת־פִּֽינְחָ֑ס אֵ֗לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And Eleazar the son of Aaron took one of Putiel's daughters as his wife, and she bore him Phinehas. Those were the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Phinehas ← Pinehas. The AV has left the name lenited (ph for p), as in Gen 38:29 (AV's Pharez), but correctly has an open first syllable. We retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Ex 6:26 | ה֥וּא אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃ | They are the Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “Bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their companies.” |
they are ← this / he (is).
companies: or armies. |
| Ex 6:27 | הֵ֗ם הַֽמְדַבְּרִים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם ה֥וּא מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃ | They are the ones who told Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring out the sons of Israel from Egypt. They are Moses and Aaron. | they are ← this / he (is). |
| Ex 6:28 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּי֨וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ פ | And it came to pass on the day when the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, | |
| Ex 6:29 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹ֖ר אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דַּבֵּ֗ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | that the Lord spoke to Moses and said, “I am the Lord. Tell Pharaoh the king of Egypt everything that I say to you.” | |
| Ex 6:30 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְאֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖י פַּרְעֹֽה׃ פ | Then Moses said before the Lord, “Look, I have an impediment in my speech, so how will Pharaoh listen to me?” | I have an impediment in my speech ← I (am of) foreskin of lips. |
| Ex 7:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רְאֵ֛ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖יךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽךָ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Look, I have appointed you as God to Pharaoh, and Aaron your brother will be your prophet. | |
| Ex 7:2 | אַתָּ֣ה תְדַבֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ וְאַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | You will speak everything that I command you, and Aaron your brother will speak to Pharaoh, and he will let the sons of Israel go from his land. | |
| Ex 7:3 | וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and I will increase my signs and miracles in the land of Egypt, | harden: here the meaning really is harden. Elsewhere, words also translated as harden are literally make heavy and make firm. |
| Ex 7:4 | וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֲלֵכֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֨י אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בִּשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ | but Pharaoh will not hearken to you, and I will place my hand on Egypt, and I will bring my companies out – my people the sons of Israel – from the land of Egypt, with great judgments. | companies: see Ex 6:26. |
| Ex 7:5 | וְיָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּנְטֹתִ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִתּוֹכָֽם׃ | And the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord when I stretch out my hand over Egypt, and I bring the sons of Israel out from their midst.” | the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 43:32. |
| Ex 7:6 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹתָ֖ם כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ | And Moses and Aaron did this. What the Lord commanded them, they did. | what ... they did ← as ... so they did. |
| Ex 7:7 | וּמֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּדַבְּרָ֖ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה׃ פ | Now Moses was eighty years old and Aaron was eighty-three years old when they spoke to Pharaoh. | |
| Ex 7:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Ex 7:9 | כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין׃ | “When Pharaoh speaks to you and says, ‘Produce a miracle for yourselves’, you will say to Aaron, ‘Take your rod and throw it in front of Pharaoh’, and it will become a serpent.” |
for yourselves: i.e. to legitimize yourselves.
serpent: not the same word as in Ex 4:3, but probably with the same meaning here. Elsewhere it may mean a crocodile. See also Ex 7:15. |
| Ex 7:10 | וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין׃ | So Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh and did so – as the Lord had commanded – and Aaron threw his rod in front of Pharaoh and in front of his servants, and it became a serpent. | serpent: see Ex 7:9. |
| Ex 7:11 | וַיִּקְרָא֙ גַּם־פַּרְעֹ֔ה לַֽחֲכָמִ֖ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֜ם חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃ | Then Pharaoh for his part called for the wise men and the sorcerers, and they did this too – the magicians of Egypt with their enchantments – likewise. | for his part ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Ex 7:12 | וַיַּשְׁלִ֙יכוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מַטֵּ֔הוּ וַיִּהְי֖וּ לְתַנִּינִ֑ם וַיִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽם׃ | And they each threw their rod, and they became serpents, but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. | serpents: see Ex 7:9. |
| Ex 7:13 | וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Pharaoh's heart hardened, and he would not hearken to them, as the Lord had said. | hardened ← became firm. |
| Ex 7:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה מֵאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלַּ֥ח הָעָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh's heart is unimpressionable – he refuses to let the people go. | unimpressionable ← heavy. |
| Ex 7:15 | לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֞ה בַּבֹּ֗קֶר הִנֵּה֙ יֹצֵ֣א הַמַּ֔יְמָה וְנִצַּבְתָּ֥ לִקְרָאת֖וֹ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְאֹ֑ר וְהַמַּטֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְנָחָ֖שׁ תִּקַּ֥ח בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | Go to Pharaoh in the morning and you will see that he is going out to the water, and you will stand where you will meet him on the bank of the river, and take in your hand the rod which changed into a serpent. |
you will see that ← behold.
serpent: here the word is as in Ex 4:3. |
| Ex 7:16 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָעִבְרִים֙ שְׁלָחַ֤נִי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיַֽעַבְדֻ֖נִי בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה׃ | And you will say to him, ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews sent me to you to say, «Let my people go so they can serve me in the desert», but look, you have not complied up to now. |
so: purposive use of the vav.
complied ← heard, heeded. now ← here. |
| Ex 7:17 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּזֹ֣את תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַכֶּ֣ה ׀ בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ לְדָֽם׃ | This is what the Lord says: «Here is how you will know that I am the Lord. I am about to strike the water which is in the river with the rod which is in my hand so that it turns to blood, |
this is what ← thus.
here is how ← by this. I am about to ← behold me. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 7:18 | וְהַדָּגָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֛ר תָּמ֖וּת וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר׃ ס | and the fish that are in the river will die, and the river will stink, and Egypt will be at a loss to drink water from the river.» ’ ” | be at a loss ← be weary; also to labour in vain, to be grieved, to loathe. |
| Ex 7:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take your rod and stretch out your hand over the water of Egypt, over their rivers, over their channels, and over their pools and over every accumulation of their water, and they will become blood, and there will be blood in all the land of Egypt, and in vessels of wood and in channels of stone.’ ” | channels: perhaps supply cisterns or troughs. |
| Ex 7:20 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם׃ | And Moses and Aaron did so, as the Lord had commanded, and he raised his rod and struck the water which was in the river, in Pharaoh's sight, and his servants' sight, and all the water which was in the river turned to blood. |
Rev 16:3.
raised ← raised with. |
| Ex 7:21 | וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the fish which were in the river died, and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river, and there was blood in all the land of Egypt. |
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2.
blood ← the blood. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 7:22 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֛ן חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | But the magicians of Egypt did likewise with their secret arts, and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not hearken to them, as the Lord had said. | hardened ← made firm. |
| Ex 7:23 | וַיִּ֣פֶן פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְלֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖וֹ גַּם־לָזֹֽאת׃ | Pharaoh then turned and went back to his house, and he did not pay attention to this either. | pay attention ← lay to his heart. |
| Ex 7:24 | וַיַּחְפְּר֧וּ כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הַיְאֹ֖ר מַ֣יִם לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לִשְׁתֹּ֔ת מִמֵּימֵ֖י הַיְאֹֽר׃ | And all Egypt dug around the river for water to drink, because they could not drink from the river-water. | |
| Ex 7:25 | וַיִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים אַחֲרֵ֥י הַכּוֹת־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַיְאֹֽר׃ פ | And seven days passed after the Lord struck the river. | passed ← were completed. |
| Ex 7:26 Ex 8:1AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: «Let my people go so that they can serve me. |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 7:27 Ex 8:2AV |
וְאִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֗י נֹגֵ֛ף אֶת־כָּל־גְּבוּלְךָ֖ בַּֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃ | And if you refuse to let them go, look, I will strike all your territory with frogs. |
territory ← border.
frogs ← the frogs. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 7:28 Ex 8:3AV |
וְשָׁרַ֣ץ הַיְאֹר֮ צְפַרְדְּעִים֒ וְעָלוּ֙ וּבָ֣אוּ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ וּבַחֲדַ֥ר מִשְׁכָּבְךָ֖ וְעַל־מִטָּתֶ֑ךָ וּבְבֵ֤ית עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְעַמֶּ֔ךָ וּבְתַנּוּרֶ֖יךָ וּבְמִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And the river will teem with frogs, and they will come up and come into your house and into your bedroom and into your bed and into the house of your servants and to your people and into your ovens and into your kneading-basins. | |
| Ex 7:29 Ex 8:4AV |
וּבְכָ֥ה וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֖ וּבְכָל־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ יַעֲל֖וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים׃ | And the frogs will come up to you and to your people and to all your servants.» ’ ” | |
| Ex 8:1 Ex 8:5AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים וְהַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your rod over the rivers, over the channels and over the pools and bring up frogs over the land of Egypt.’ ” | |
| Ex 8:2 Ex 8:6AV |
וַיֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתַּ֙עַל֙ הַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So Aaron stretched out his hand over the water of Egypt and the frogs came up and they covered the land of Egypt. | frogs ... they ← frog ... it. Collective usage. |
| Ex 8:3 Ex 8:7AV |
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֥ן הַֽחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the magicians did likewise with their secret arts, and they brought up frogs over the land of Egypt. | frogs ← the frogs. |
| Ex 8:4 Ex 8:8AV |
וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵר֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖נִּי וּמֵֽעַמִּ֑י וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְיִזְבְּח֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃ | Then Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron and said, “Entreat the Lord to remove the frogs from me and from my people, and I will let the people go, and they can sacrifice to the Lord.” | |
| Ex 8:5 Ex 8:9AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה לְפַרְעֹה֮ הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַי֒ לְמָתַ֣י ׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְךָ֗ וְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔ לְהַכְרִית֙ הַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּךָ֖ וּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃ | Moses then said to Pharaoh, “Specify to me when I should entreat for you and for your servants and for your people, to eliminate the frogs from you and from your houses. Only in the river will they remain.” | |
| Ex 8:6 Ex 8:10AV |
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְמָחָ֑ר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּדְבָ֣רְךָ֔ לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And he said, “Tomorrow.” And he said, “It will be according to your word so that you will know that there is no-one like the Lord our God. | |
| Ex 8:7 Ex 8:11AV |
וְסָר֣וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗ים מִמְּךָ֙ וּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָ וּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃ | And the frogs will depart from you and from your houses and from your servants and from your people. Only in the river will they remain.” | |
| Ex 8:8 Ex 8:12AV |
וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃ | Then Moses and Aaron departed from Pharaoh, and Moses cried out to the Lord about the matter of the frogs which he had imposed on Pharaoh. | from ← from with. |
| Ex 8:9 Ex 8:13AV |
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִן־הַבָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּמִן־הַשָּׂדֹֽת׃ | And the Lord acted according to Moses' words, and the frogs died off in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. |
words ← word.
in (3x) ← from. |
| Ex 8:10 Ex 8:14AV |
וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And they piled them up in heaps and heaps, and the land stank. | |
| Ex 8:11 Ex 8:15AV |
וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּ֤י הָֽיְתָה֙ הָֽרְוָחָ֔ה וְהַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he hardened his heart and would not hearken to them, as the Lord had said. |
relief ← the relief. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
hardened ← weighted. |
| Ex 8:12 Ex 8:16AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֔ וְהַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לְכִנִּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your rod and strike the dust of the ground, and it will become lice over all the land of Egypt.’ ” | ground ← land, or earth. |
| Ex 8:13 Ex 8:17AV |
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤וֹ בְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָאָ֛רֶץ הָיָ֥ה כִנִּ֖ים בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So they did so, and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod and struck the dust of the ground, and it became lice, on man and on the cattle. All the dust of the earth became lice over all the land of Egypt. |
ground: see Ex 8:12 (Ex 8:16AV).
lice ← the lice. |
| Ex 8:14 Ex 8:18AV |
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ | Then the magicians acted likewise with their secret arts, to produce lice, but they could not. And the lice were on man and on the cattle. | acted: or did, but in this case they failed to achieve “likewise”. |
| Ex 8:15 Ex 8:19AV |
וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “It is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh's heart hardened, and he did not hearken to them, as the Lord had said. | hardened ← became firm. |
| Ex 8:16 Ex 8:20AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה יוֹצֵ֣א הַמָּ֑יְמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh – you will see that he is going out to the water – and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: «Let my people go so they can serve me. |
you will see that ← behold.
say: singular. this is what ← thus. so: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 8:17 Ex 8:21AV |
כִּ֣י אִם־אֵינְךָ֮ מְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ אֶת־עַמִּי֒ הִנְנִי֩ מַשְׁלִ֨יחַ בְּךָ֜ וּבַעֲבָדֶ֧יךָ וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֛ וּבְבָתֶּ֖יךָ אֶת־הֶעָרֹ֑ב וּמָ֨לְא֜וּ בָּתֵּ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרֹ֔ב וְגַ֥ם הָאֲדָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | For if you don't let my people go, I am ready to send the gadfly on you and on your servants and on your people and in your houses, and the houses of Egypt will be full with the gadfly, and also the ground they are on. |
I am ready to ← behold me.
gadfly: perhaps the horsefly variety. But the LXX translates as gnats. |
| Ex 8:18 Ex 8:22AV |
וְהִפְלֵיתִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַמִּי֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עָלֶ֔יהָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיֽוֹת־שָׁ֖ם עָרֹ֑ב לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But on that day I will set the land of Goshen apart, on which my people stand, so that there will be no gadfly there, so that you may know that I am the Lord in the midst of the land. | |
| Ex 8:19 Ex 8:23AV |
וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י פְדֻ֔ת בֵּ֥ין עַמִּ֖י וּבֵ֣ין עַמֶּ֑ךָ לְמָחָ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה הָאֹ֥ת הַזֶּֽה׃ | And I will put a sign of redemption between my people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.» ’ ” | |
| Ex 8:20 Ex 8:24AV |
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹא֙ עָרֹ֣ב כָּבֵ֔ד בֵּ֥יתָה פַרְעֹ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית עֲבָדָ֑יו וּבְכָל־אֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵ֥י הֶעָרֹֽב׃ | And the Lord did so, and a heavy swarm of gadflies came on Pharaoh's house and on his servants' house and all over the land of Egypt. The land was ravaged because of the gadfly. | |
| Ex 8:21 Ex 8:25AV |
וַיִּקְרָ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron and said, “Go. Sacrifice to your God in the land.” | |
| Ex 8:22 Ex 8:26AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֤א נָכוֹן֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן כִּ֚י תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם נִזְבַּ֖ח לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הֵ֣ן נִזְבַּ֞ח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃ | But Moses said, “It is not right to do it like that, for we will sacrifice what is an abomination to the Egyptians to the Lord our God. If we sacrifice what is an abomination to the Egyptians in their sight, will they not stone us? | |
| Ex 8:23 Ex 8:27AV |
דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים נֵלֵ֖ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יֹאמַ֥ר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃ | We will go three days' journey into the desert and sacrifice to the Lord our God according to what he says to us.” | |
| Ex 8:24 Ex 8:28AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֗ה אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְכֶם֙ וּזְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָלֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽי׃ | Then Pharaoh said, “I will let you go so you can sacrifice to the Lord your God in the desert, but do not go all that far away. And entreat on my behalf.” |
so: purposive use of the vav.
go all that far away: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 8:25 Ex 8:29AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְסָ֣ר הֶעָרֹ֗ב מִפַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵעֲבָדָ֥יו וּמֵעַמּ֖וֹ מָחָ֑ר רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְבִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֔ם לִזְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | Then Moses said, “Behold, I am about to depart from you, and I will entreat the Lord and the gadfly will depart from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people tomorrow, but don't let Pharaoh be deceptive any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.” |
I am about to ← behold me.
in not letting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 8:26 Ex 8:30AV |
וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, and he entreated the Lord. | from ← from with. |
| Ex 8:27 Ex 8:31AV |
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּ֙סַר֙ הֶעָרֹ֔ב מִפַּרְעֹ֖ה מֵעֲבָדָ֣יו וּמֵעַמּ֑וֹ לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר אֶחָֽד׃ | And the Lord acted according to Moses' word, and the gadfly departed from Pharaoh, from his servants and from his people. Not one remained. | the gadfly departed: as qal; or, with AV, as hiphil, removed the gadfly. The same form, but as hiphil, occurs in Gen 8:13. So AV differs. |
| Ex 8:28 Ex 8:32AV |
וַיַּכְבֵּ֤ד פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֑את וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ פ | But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time too, and he did not let the people go. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
hardened ← weighted. |
| Ex 9:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord God of the Hebrews says: «Let my people go so that they may serve me. |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 9:2 | כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ וְעוֹדְךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֥יק בָּֽם׃ | For if you refuse to let them go, and you still hold on to them, | |
| Ex 9:3 | הִנֵּ֨ה יַד־יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּמִקְנְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה בַּסּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽחֲמֹרִים֙ בַּגְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּבָּקָ֖ר וּבַצֹּ֑אן דֶּ֖בֶר כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ | you will see the hand of the Lord on your cattle which is in the field – on the horses and on the donkeys, on the camels and on the oxen and on the sheep – a very severe pestilence. |
you will see ← behold.
on ← being on. |
| Ex 9:4 | וְהִפְלָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין מִקְנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת מִכָּל־לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבָֽר׃ | And the Lord will distinguish between Israel's cattle and Egypt's cattle, and nothing at all of what belongs to the sons of Israel will die.» ’ ” | nothing at all ← nothing of all. |
| Ex 9:5 | וַיָּ֥שֶׂם יְהוָ֖ה מוֹעֵ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the Lord fixed a time and said, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.” | |
| Ex 9:6 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּ֕מָת כֹּ֖ל מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וּמִמִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא־מֵ֥ת אֶחָֽד׃ | And the Lord did this thing on the next day, and all the cattle of Egypt died, but of the sons of Israel's cattle, not one animal died. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 9:7 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֗ה לֹא־מֵ֛ת מִמִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ פ | And Pharaoh sent out observers, who saw that not as much as one animal of Israel's cattle had died. But Pharaoh's heart became hardened, and he did not let the people go. |
who saw that ← and behold.
but: adversative use of the vav. hardened ← weighted. |
| Ex 9:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מְלֹ֣א חָפְנֵיכֶ֔ם פִּ֖יחַ כִּבְשָׁ֑ן וּזְרָק֥וֹ מֹשֶׁ֛ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יְמָה לְעֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take along handfuls of furnace soot and Moses will sprinkle it towards the sky in Pharaoh's sight. |
take along ← take to you.
handfuls ← the fulness of your fists. |
| Ex 9:9 | וְהָיָ֣ה לְאָבָ֔ק עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָיָ֨ה עַל־הָאָדָ֜ם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה לִשְׁחִ֥ין פֹּרֵ֛חַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֖ת בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and it will become festering boil pustules on man and on the cattle in all the land of Egypt.” | Rev 16:2. |
| Ex 9:10 | וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת־פִּ֣יחַ הַכִּבְשָׁ֗ן וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיִּזְרֹ֥ק אֹת֛וֹ מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וַיְהִ֗י שְׁחִין֙ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֔ת פֹּרֵ֕חַ בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ | So they took the furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh, and Moses sprinkled it towards the sky, and it became festering boil pustules on man and on the cattle. | |
| Ex 9:11 | וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֗ים לַעֲמֹ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י הַשְּׁחִ֑ין כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה הַשְּׁחִ֔ין בַּֽחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ם וּבְכָל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the magicians could not stand in Moses' presence on account of the boils, because there were boils on the magicians and on all Egypt. | boils (2x) ← the boil. |
| Ex 9:12 | וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | Then the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he didn't hearken to them, as the Lord has said to Moses. | hardened ← made firm. |
| Ex 9:13 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord God of the Hebrews says: «Let my people go so that they may serve me. |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 9:14 | כִּ֣י ׀ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֗את אֲנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ אֶת־כָּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי֙ אֶֽל־לִבְּךָ֔ וּבַעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּבְעַמֶּ֑ךָ בַּעֲב֣וּר תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין כָּמֹ֖נִי בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For this time I am about to send all my plagues into your heart and on your servants, and on your people, in order that you may know that there is no-one like me in all the world. | |
| Ex 9:15 | כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔י וָאַ֥ךְ אוֹתְךָ֛ וְאֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑בֶר וַתִּכָּחֵ֖ד מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For now I will put my hand out and strike you and your people with a pestilence, and you will be cut off from the earth. | |
| Ex 9:16 | וְאוּלָ֗ם בַּעֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔יךָ בַּעֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑י וּלְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖י בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But it is for this purpose that I have put you in place, in order to show you my power, and in order to declare my name in all the earth. | Rom 9:17. |
| Ex 9:17 | עוֹדְךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּעַמִּ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֖י שַׁלְּחָֽם׃ | Do you still set yourself in opposition to my people in not letting them go? | in not letting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 9:18 | הִנְנִ֤י מַמְטִיר֙ כָּעֵ֣ת מָחָ֔ר בָּרָ֖ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם לְמִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הִוָּסְדָ֖ה וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃ | Look, at this time tomorrow I will rain down very heavy hail, such as there has never been in Egypt from the day when it was founded up to now. | it was founded ← its being-founded, including a feminine singular suffix. See [Ges-HG] §91e. |
| Ex 9:19 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֤ח הָעֵז֙ אֶֽת־מִקְנְךָ֔ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְךָ֖ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה כָּל־הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּצֵ֣א בַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְלֹ֤א יֵֽאָסֵף֙ הַבַּ֔יְתָה וְיָרַ֧ד עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַבָּרָ֖ד וָמֵֽתוּ׃ | So now, send servants and bring your cattle to safety, and everything you have in the field. It will hail on every man and animal that is found in the field and is not gathered in, indoors, and they will die.» ’ ” | indoors ← to the house. |
| Ex 9:20 | הַיָּרֵא֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵֽעַבְדֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֑ה הֵנִ֛יס אֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ אֶל־הַבָּתִּֽים׃ | He who feared the word of the Lord among Pharaoh's servants made his own servants and his cattle take refuge in the houses, |
among ← from.
in ← into. Pregnant use of the preposition. |
| Ex 9:21 | וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־שָׂ֛ם לִבּ֖וֹ אֶל־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ פ | whereas he who did not heed the word of the Lord left his servants and his cattle in the field. | |
| Ex 9:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִיהִ֥י בָרָ֖ד בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־הָאָדָ֣ם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand towards the sky, and there will be hail in all the land of Egypt, on man and on the cattle and on all the vegetation of the field in the land of Egypt.” | |
| Ex 9:23 | וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So Moses stretched out his rod towards the sky, and the Lord sent noises and hail, and fire came to the ground, and the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt. | |
| Ex 9:24 | וַיְהִ֣י בָרָ֔ד וְאֵ֕שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבָּרָ֑ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָ֖ז הָיְתָ֥ה לְגֽוֹי׃ | And there was hail, and fire taking hold in the hail. It was very heavy, and there had never been anything like it in all the land of Egypt since when it became a nation. | |
| Ex 9:25 | וַיַּ֨ךְ הַבָּרָ֜ד בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־עֵ֤שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה֙ הִכָּ֣ה הַבָּרָ֔ד וְאֶת־כָּל־עֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה שִׁבֵּֽר׃ | And the hail struck all the land of Egypt – everything in the field, both man and cattle – and the hail struck all the vegetation of the field, and it broke every tree of the countryside. | both man and cattle ← from man and to cattle, but not in a continuum. |
| Ex 9:26 | רַ֚ק בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֥א הָיָ֖ה בָּרָֽד׃ | Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, was there no hail. | |
| Ex 9:27 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֗ה וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֖ם חָטָ֣אתִי הַפָּ֑עַם יְהוָה֙ הַצַּדִּ֔יק וַאֲנִ֥י וְעַמִּ֖י הָרְשָׁעִֽים׃ | And Pharaoh sent servants and called for Moses and for Aaron and said to them, “I have sinned this time; the Lord is righteous, and I and my people are the wicked ones. | |
| Ex 9:28 | הַעְתִּ֙ירוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְרַ֕ב מִֽהְיֹ֛ת קֹלֹ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּבָרָ֑ד וַאֲשַׁלְּחָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לַעֲמֹֽד׃ | Entreat the Lord that it should be enough of almighty noises and hail, and I will let you go, and you will not stay any longer.” | almighty noises: an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6. |
| Ex 9:29 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּצֵאתִי֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר אֶפְרֹ֥שׂ אֶת־כַּפַּ֖י אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה הַקֹּל֣וֹת יֶחְדָּל֗וּן וְהַבָּרָד֙ לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה־ע֔וֹד לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then Moses said to him, “When I go out of the city, I will stretch out my hands to the Lord. The noises will cease and the hail will be no more, so that you may know that the earth is the Lord's. | |
| Ex 9:30 | וְאַתָּ֖ה וַעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֚י טֶ֣רֶם תִּֽירְא֔וּן מִפְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear the Lord God.” | fear ← fear the face / presence of, but the latter word can be considered the prepositional linkage with fear. |
| Ex 9:31 | וְהַפִּשְׁתָּ֥ה וְהַשְּׂעֹרָ֖ה נֻכָּ֑תָה כִּ֤י הַשְּׂעֹרָה֙ אָבִ֔יב וְהַפִּשְׁתָּ֖ה גִּבְעֹֽל׃ | And the flax and the barley were struck, for the barley was showing green ears of corn and the flax was in flower, | |
| Ex 9:32 | וְהַחִטָּ֥ה וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה׃ | but the wheat and spelt were not struck, for they were late in growing. | |
| Ex 9:33 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּחְדְּל֤וּ הַקֹּלוֹת֙ וְהַבָּרָ֔ד וּמָטָ֖ר לֹא־נִתַּ֥ךְ אָֽרְצָה׃ | Then Moses departed from Pharaoh and the city, and he stretched out his hands to the Lord, and the noises and the hail stopped, and the rain was not poured down onto the earth. | |
| Ex 9:34 | וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּֽי־חָדַ֨ל הַמָּטָ֧ר וְהַבָּרָ֛ד וְהַקֹּלֹ֖ת וַיֹּ֣סֶף לַחֲטֹ֑א וַיַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ ה֥וּא וַעֲבָדָֽיו׃ | But when Pharaoh saw that the raining down had stopped, both the hail and the noises, he sinned again, and he hardened his heart – he and his servants. | hardened ← weighted. |
| Ex 9:35 | וַֽיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | So Pharaoh's heart became hardened, and he did not let the sons of Israel go, as the Lord had said, through the intermediacy of Moses. |
became hardened ← became firm.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Ex 10:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔יו לְמַ֗עַן שִׁתִ֛י אֹתֹתַ֥י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and his servants' hearts in order that I may show these signs of mine in his full view, |
hardened ← weighted.
hearts ← heart. show ← put. full view ← midst. |
| Ex 10:2 | וּלְמַ֡עַן תְּסַפֵּר֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י בִנְךָ֜ וּבֶן־בִּנְךָ֗ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִתְעַלַּ֙לְתִּי֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶת־אֹתֹתַ֖י אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בָ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and in order that you may relate in your son's and your grandson's ear what I have undertaken against Egypt, and my signs which I showed among them, so that you may know that I am the Lord.” |
undertaken against Egypt: or performed in Egypt.
showed ← put. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 10:3 | וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹן֮ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ | So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord God of the Hebrews says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go so that they may serve me. |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 10:4 | כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ אֶת־עַמִּ֑י הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא מָחָ֛ר אַרְבֶּ֖ה בִּגְבֻלֶֽךָ׃ | For if you refuse to let my people go, you will find me bringing locusts into your territory tomorrow. |
you will find me ← behold me.
locusts ← locust. Collective usage. territory ← border. |
| Ex 10:5 | וְכִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאָכַ֣ל ׀ אֶת־יֶ֣תֶר הַפְּלֵטָ֗ה הַנִּשְׁאֶ֤רֶת לָכֶם֙ מִן־הַבָּרָ֔ד וְאָכַל֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעֵ֔ץ הַצֹּמֵ֥חַ לָכֶ֖ם מִן־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And they will cover the landscape, and one will not be able to see the land, and they will devour the remainder of the remnant that remains to you from the hail, and they will devour every tree springing up to you in the countryside. |
landscape ← eye of the land.
in the countryside ← from the countryside. |
| Ex 10:6 | וּמָלְא֨וּ בָתֶּ֜יךָ וּבָתֵּ֣י כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ֮ וּבָתֵּ֣י כָל־מִצְרַיִם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־רָא֤וּ אֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וַאֲב֣וֹת אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ מִיּ֗וֹם הֱיוֹתָם֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּ֥פֶן וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֥ם פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | And they will fill your houses and all your servants' houses and the houses of the whole of Egypt, such as your fathers and your grandfathers never saw from the day they came into being on the earth up to this day.’ ” Then he turned and departed from Pharaoh. |
all your servants' houses ← the houses of all your servants.
never saw ← did not see. came into being ← became. earth ← ground. |
| Ex 10:7 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י פַרְעֹ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו עַד־מָתַי֙ יִהְיֶ֨ה זֶ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְיַֽעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הֲטֶ֣רֶם תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Pharaoh's servants said to him, “How long will we have this as a snare to us? Let the men go and serve the Lord their God. Do you still not acknowledge that Egypt is being destroyed?” | this: AV differs somewhat, supplying man, but one could equally well supply situation (of retaining the Hebrews). |
| Ex 10:8 | וַיּוּשַׁ֞ב אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֥וּ עִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם מִ֥י וָמִ֖י הַהֹלְכִֽים׃ | Then Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “Go. Serve the Lord your God. But who exactly are those that are to go?” | who exactly ← who and who. |
| Ex 10:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה בִּנְעָרֵ֥ינוּ וּבִזְקֵנֵ֖ינוּ נֵלֵ֑ךְ בְּבָנֵ֨ינוּ וּבִבְנוֹתֵ֜נוּ בְּצֹאנֵ֤נוּ וּבִבְקָרֵ֙נוּ֙ נֵלֵ֔ךְ כִּ֥י חַג־יְהוָ֖ה לָֽנוּ׃ | Then Moses said, “We will go with our young ones and with our old ones, with our sons and with our daughters. With our sheep and with our cattle we will go, for we have a festival to the Lord.” | |
| Ex 10:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם יְהִ֨י כֵ֤ן יְהוָה֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְאֶֽת־טַפְּכֶ֑ם רְא֕וּ כִּ֥י רָעָ֖ה נֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then he said to them, “Let it be so. The Lord be with you when I let you and your little ones go. Look out, for evil is ahead of you. | ahead of you ← opposite your faces. |
| Ex 10:11 | לֹ֣א כֵ֗ן לְכֽוּ־נָ֤א הַגְּבָרִים֙ וְעִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֑ים וַיְגָ֣רֶשׁ אֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ פ | But it will not be quite like that. Just let the men go and serve the Lord, for that is what you are requesting.” Then he drove them out from Pharaoh's presence. | he drove them out: the [WLC] is clearly piel (folio 37r, col. 1). AV differs, reading the verb as passive. |
| Ex 10:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֨ה יָדְךָ֜ עַל־אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיַ֖עַל עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיֹאכַל֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֔רֶץ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁאִ֖יר הַבָּרָֽד׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch your hand out over the land of Egypt for the locusts so that they come up over the land of Egypt and devour all the vegetation of the land – everything that the hail has left.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 10:13 | וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נִהַ֤ג ר֥וּחַ קָדִים֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וְכָל־הַלָּ֑יְלָה הַבֹּ֣קֶר הָיָ֔ה וְר֙וּחַ֙ הַקָּדִ֔ים נָשָׂ֖א אֶת־הָאַרְבֶּֽה׃ | So Moses stretched his rod out over the land of Egypt, and the Lord set an east wind in motion in the land, all that day and all night. Then morning came, and the east wind brought the locusts. | came ← became. |
| Ex 10:14 | וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃ | And the locusts came up over the whole land of Egypt, and they settled on all the territory of Egypt. It was very severe; before it there had never been such a locust plague as this, and after it there never will be such a one. |
territory ← border.
never (2x) ← not. as this ← like it. |
| Ex 10:15 | וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they covered the landscape of the whole land, and the land became dark, and they devoured all the vegetation of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left, and no greenery remained on the trees at all, nor on the vegetation of the countryside in all the land of Egypt. | landscape ← eye of the land. |
| Ex 10:16 | וַיְמַהֵ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה לִקְרֹ֖א לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר חָטָ֛אתִי לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם וְלָכֶֽם׃ | Then Pharaoh hastened to call for Moses and for Aaron, and he said, “I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you. | |
| Ex 10:17 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׂ֣א נָ֤א חַטָּאתִי֙ אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֔עַם וְהַעְתִּ֖ירוּ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְיָסֵר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י רַ֖ק אֶת־הַמָּ֥וֶת הַזֶּֽה׃ | So now, forgive my sin, just this time, and entreat the Lord your God that he removes just this deadly thing from me.” | deadly thing ← death. |
| Ex 10:18 | וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And he departed from Pharaoh and entreated the Lord. | |
| Ex 10:19 | וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | At which the Lord turned it to a very strong westerly wind, and it carried away the locusts and drove them to the Red Sea. Not one locust remained in all the territory of Egypt. |
at which: wider use of the vav.
Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. territory ← border. |
| Ex 10:20 | וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go. | |
| Ex 10:21 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand towards the sky and let there be darkness over the land of Egypt, and they will have to grope in the dark.” | they will have to grope in the dark ← let them grope darkness (jussive). AV differs (darkness which may be felt). |
| Ex 10:22 | וַיֵּ֥ט מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָד֖וֹ עַל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְהִ֧י חֹֽשֶׁךְ־אֲפֵלָ֛ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | So Moses stretched out his hand towards the sky and a thick darkness came over all the land of Egypt for three days. | came ← became. |
| Ex 10:23 | לֹֽא־רָא֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֗יו וְלֹא־קָ֛מוּ אִ֥ישׁ מִתַּחְתָּ֖יו שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וּֽלְכָל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָ֥יָה א֖וֹר בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָֽם׃ | One person could not see another, and no-one could get up from the spot where he was for three days, but all the sons of Israel had light in their dwelling places. |
one person ... another ← a man ... his brother.
from the spot where he was ← from under him(self). but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 10:24 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה רַ֛ק צֹאנְכֶ֥ם וּבְקַרְכֶ֖ם יֻצָּ֑ג גַּֽם־טַפְּכֶ֖ם יֵלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | Then Pharaoh called for Moses and said, “Go. Serve the Lord, but let your sheep and oxen be left behind, but your little ones can also go with you.” | |
| Ex 10:25 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה תִּתֵּ֥ן בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ זְבָחִ֣ים וְעֹל֑וֹת וְעָשִׂ֖ינוּ לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | Then Moses said, “You must also hand our animals over to us for sacrifices and burnt offerings for us to perform them to the Lord our God. | hand ... over to us ← give in our hands. |
| Ex 10:26 | וְגַם־מִקְנֵ֜נוּ יֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֗נוּ לֹ֤א תִשָּׁאֵר֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ נִקַּ֔ח לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ לֹֽא־נֵדַ֗ע מַֽה־נַּעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־בֹּאֵ֖נוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And our cattle must also go with us: not a hoof shall remain, for we must take some from it to serve the Lord our God, and we won't know what to serve the Lord with until we arrive there.” | |
| Ex 10:27 | וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃ | Then the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he was not willing to let them go. | |
| Ex 10:28 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵ֣ךְ מֵעָלָ֑י הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֗ אֶל־תֹּ֙סֶף֙ רְא֣וֹת פָּנַ֔י כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם רְאֹתְךָ֥ פָנַ֖י תָּמֽוּת׃ | And Pharaoh said to him, “Go away from me. Watch out: do not see my face any more, for on the day when you see my face, you will die.” | watch out ← be guarded for yourself. |
| Ex 10:29 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֣ן דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ לֹא־אֹסִ֥ף ע֖וֹד רְא֥וֹת פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ פ | To this Moses said, “Thus you have spoken. I will not see your face any more.” | to this: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 11:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה ע֣וֹד נֶ֤גַע אֶחָד֙ אָבִ֤יא עַל־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְעַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֕ן יְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּ֑ה כְּשַׁ֨לְּח֔וֹ כָּלָ֕ה גָּרֵ֛שׁ יְגָרֵ֥שׁ אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּֽה׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will completely drive you right out from here. |
completely ← completion, but the word is also used as an adverb.
drive you right out: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 11:2 | דַּבֶּר־נָ֖א בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְיִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ ׀ מֵאֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗הוּ וְאִשָּׁה֙ מֵאֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | Now speak in the audience of the people to the intent that every man asks from his neighbour, and every woman from her neighbour, for items of silver and items of gold.” | to the intent that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 11:3 | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָעָ֖ם בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם גַּ֣ם ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֗ה גָּד֤וֹל מְאֹד֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעֵינֵ֥י עַבְדֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ ס | And the Lord put an attitude of grace towards the people in Egypt's sight. Moreover Moses was a very great man in the land of Egypt, in the eyes of Pharaoh's servants and in the eyes of the people. | towards ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 11:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כַּחֲצֹ֣ת הַלַּ֔יְלָה אֲנִ֥י יוֹצֵ֖א בְּת֥וֹךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘At about midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt, | this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 11:5 | וּמֵ֣ת כָּל־בְּכוֹר֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָרֵחָ֑יִם וְכֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה׃ | and every firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, from Pharaoh's firstborn, who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the maidservant, who sits at the millstones, and every firstborn of the cattle. | at ← behind. |
| Ex 11:6 | וְהָֽיְתָ֛ה צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א נִהְיָ֔תָה וְכָמֹ֖הוּ לֹ֥א תֹסִֽף׃ | And there will be a great outcry in all the land of Egypt, such as there has not been in the past, and such as will not take place again. | |
| Ex 11:7 | וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א יֶֽחֱרַץ־כֶּ֙לֶב֙ לְשֹׁנ֔וֹ לְמֵאִ֖ישׁ וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּן אֲשֶׁר֙ יַפְלֶ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין מִצְרַ֖יִם וּבֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But with all the sons of Israel, not a dog will point its tongue at anything whether man or cattle, in order that you may know that the Lord has made a distinction between Egypt and Israel.’ | |
| Ex 11:8 | וְיָרְד֣וּ כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ אֵ֨לֶּה אֵלַ֜י וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣י לֵאמֹ֗ר צֵ֤א אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן אֵצֵ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֵֽעִם־פַּרְעֹ֖ה בָּחֳרִי־אָֽף׃ ס | And all these servants of yours will come down to me and pay homage to me, saying, ‘Go out, you and all the people who are under your authority.’ Then after that I will go out.” Then he departed from Pharaoh in furious anger. |
under your authority ← at your feet.
departed from ← went out from with. |
| Ex 11:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן רְב֥וֹת מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not hearken to you, in order that my miracles may be increased in the land of Egypt.” | you: plural, so including Aaron. |
| Ex 11:10 | וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֗ן עָשׂ֛וּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמֹּפְתִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹֽא־שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ פ | So Moses and Aaron performed all these miracles in Pharaoh's presence, and the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go from his land. | |
| Ex 12:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron in the land of Egypt and said, | |
| Ex 12:2 | הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ | “This month is the start of months to you. It is the first of the months of the year to you. | |
| Ex 12:3 | דַּבְּר֗וּ אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת׃ | Speak to the whole congregation of Israel and say that on the tenth day of this month they must each take their lamb – one per house of their fathers – a lamb per house. | |
| Ex 12:4 | וְאִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַבַּיִת֮ מִהְיֹ֣ת מִשֶּׂה֒ וְלָקַ֣ח ה֗וּא וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּמִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֔וֹ תָּכֹ֖סּוּ עַל־הַשֶּֽׂה׃ | And if the house is too small to afford a lamb, then it and its neighbour which is most like that house in headcount will take a lamb, and you will each be attributed to the shared lamb in accordance with those eating from it. |
to afford a lamb ← to be from a lamb.
most like ← nearest to. headcount ← number of souls. |
| Ex 12:5 | שֶׂ֥ה תָמִ֛ים זָכָ֥ר בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם מִן־הַכְּבָשִׂ֥ים וּמִן־הָעִזִּ֖ים תִּקָּֽחוּ׃ | It shall be a perfect one-year-old male of yours. You will take it from the lambs or from the goats. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Ex 12:6 | וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת עַ֣ד אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְשָׁחֲט֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ כֹּ֛ל קְהַ֥ל עֲדַֽת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃ | And it will be an animal kept for you until the fourteenth day of this month, when the whole convocation of the congregation of Israel will slaughter it in the evening. |
animal kept ← guarding.
in the evening ← between the two evenings. [CB] quotes Lightfoot with “between the decline of the sun (after noon) and its setting”, but the context of Ex 16:12-13 suggests the late evening. |
| Ex 12:7 | וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַדָּ֔ם וְנָֽתְנ֛וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַמְּזוּזֹ֖ת וְעַל־הַמַּשְׁק֑וֹף עַ֚ל הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יֹאכְל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And they will take some of its blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses in which they will eat it. | of the houses ← at the houses. |
| Ex 12:8 | וְאָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ | And they will eat the meat on that night, roasted on a fire, and unleavened bread, and they will eat it with bitter herbs. | on that night ← on this night. |
| Ex 12:9 | אַל־תֹּאכְל֤וּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ נָ֔א וּבָשֵׁ֥ל מְבֻשָּׁ֖ל בַּמָּ֑יִם כִּ֣י אִם־צְלִי־אֵ֔שׁ רֹאשׁ֥וֹ עַל־כְּרָעָ֖יו וְעַל־קִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | Do not eat any of it raw, or boiled in water at all, but rather roasted on a fire, its head with its legs and with its innards. | boiled in water at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 12:10 | וְלֹא־תוֹתִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֑קֶר וְהַנֹּתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֛נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֖קֶר בָּאֵ֥שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ | Do not leave any of it remaining until the morning, and whatever of it would remain until morning, burn up in a fire. | a fire ← the fire. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 12:11 | וְכָכָה֮ תֹּאכְל֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ מָתְנֵיכֶ֣ם חֲגֻרִ֔ים נַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּמַקֶּלְכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בְּחִפָּז֔וֹן פֶּ֥סַח ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ | And this is how you shall eat it: with your loins girded and with your shoes on your feet, and with your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it with haste. It is the Lord's Passover. | |
| Ex 12:12 | וְעָבַרְתִּ֣י בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּה֒ וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וּבְכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה שְׁפָטִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and I will strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and cattle, and I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt, as I am the Lord. | on that night ← on this night. |
| Ex 12:13 | וְהָיָה֩ הַדָּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם לְאֹ֗ת עַ֤ל הַבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם וְרָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וּפָסַחְתִּ֖י עֲלֵכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בָכֶ֥ם נֶ֙גֶף֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית בְּהַכֹּתִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and I will see the blood, and I will pass over you, and there will not be any destructive blow on you when I strike in the land of Egypt. | destructive blow ← blow to corrupt. |
| Ex 12:14 | וְהָיָה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְזִכָּר֔וֹן וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ חַ֣ג לַֽיהוָ֑ה לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תְּחָגֻּֽהוּ׃ | And this day will be a memorial for you, and you will celebrate it as a festival to the Lord throughout your generations. You will celebrate it as an age-abiding statute. | |
| Ex 12:15 | שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ מַצּ֣וֹת תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אַ֚ךְ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן תַּשְׁבִּ֥יתוּ שְּׂאֹ֖ר מִבָּתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל חָמֵ֗ץ וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֹׁ֖ן עַד־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | You will eat unleavened bread for seven days. Right on the first day you will remove leaven from your houses, for if anyone eats leavened bread, then that person will be cut off from Israel, this being in force from the first day to the seventh day. |
anyone ← everyone.
person ← soul. |
| Ex 12:16 | וּבַיּ֤וֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם אַ֚ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֣ל לְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ ה֥וּא לְבַדּ֖וֹ יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | On the first day you will hold a holy convocation and on the seventh day you will hold a holy convocation. No work will be done on them, except that food needs to be eaten by everyone; that alone is what can be done by you. |
you will hold ← there will be to you.
everyone ← every soul. |
| Ex 12:17 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ אֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת֒ כִּ֗י בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶת־צִבְאוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֖ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | And you will keep the days of the unleavened bread, for on this very day I will have brought your companies out of the land of Egypt, and you will keep this day throughout your generations, as an age-abiding statute. | companies: see Ex 6:26. |
| Ex 12:18 | בָּרִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצֹּ֑ת עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָאֶחָ֧ד וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בָּעָֽרֶב׃ | In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, you will eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month in the evening. | |
| Ex 12:19 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים שְׂאֹ֕ר לֹ֥א יִמָּצֵ֖א בְּבָתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל מַחְמֶ֗צֶת וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מֵעֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּגֵּ֖ר וּבְאֶזְרַ֥ח הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For seven days no leaven will be found in your houses, for if anyone eats anything leavened, then that person will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, this applying to the foreigner and the native of the land. |
anyone ← everyone.
person ← soul. |
| Ex 12:20 | כָּל־מַחְמֶ֖צֶת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצּֽוֹת׃ פ | You will eat nothing leavened; in all of the places where you live, you will eat unleavened bread.” | |
| Ex 12:21 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְכָל־זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם מִֽשְׁכ֗וּ וּקְח֨וּ לָכֶ֥ם צֹ֛אן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וְשַׁחֲט֥וּ הַפָּֽסַח׃ | Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and he said to them, “Select and take a lamb for yourselves according to your families, and slaughter the Passover. |
then: the verse jumps ahead in time to the Passover itself.
select: supported by [ST] (choisissez). lamb ← sheep, but including lambs. |
| Ex 12:22 | וּלְקַחְתֶּ֞ם אֲגֻדַּ֣ת אֵז֗וֹב וּטְבַלְתֶּם֮ בַּדָּ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּסַּף֒ וְהִגַּעְתֶּ֤ם אֶל־הַמַּשְׁקוֹף֙ וְאֶל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּזֹ֔ת מִן־הַדָּ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסָּ֑ף וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹ֥א תֵצְא֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ מִפֶּֽתַח־בֵּית֖וֹ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | And take a bundle of hyssop, and dip it in the blood which is in the drain pan, and apply some of the blood which is in the drain pan to the lintel and to the two doorposts. And not one of you will go out of the door of his house until the morning. | not one of you ← you, not a man. |
| Ex 12:23 | וְעָבַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִנְגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַיִם֒ וְרָאָ֤ה אֶת־הַדָּם֙ עַל־הַמַּשְׁק֔וֹף וְעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּזֹ֑ת וּפָסַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ עַל־הַפֶּ֔תַח וְלֹ֤א יִתֵּן֙ הַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית לָבֹ֥א אֶל־בָּתֵּיכֶ֖ם לִנְגֹּֽף׃ | And the Lord will pass through so as to strike Egypt, and he will see the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, and the Lord will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike there. | pass over: i.e. skip. |
| Ex 12:24 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה לְחָק־לְךָ֥ וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And you will observe this injunction as a statute of yours and of your sons, age-abidingly. | injunction ← word, matter. |
| Ex 12:25 | וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And it will come to pass, when you come to the land which the Lord will give you, as he has said, that you will keep this service. | |
| Ex 12:26 | וְהָיָ֕ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּנֵיכֶ֑ם מָ֛ה הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָכֶֽם׃ | And it will come to pass, when your sons say to you, ‘What is this service of yours?’ – | |
| Ex 12:27 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֡ם זֶֽבַח־פֶּ֨סַח ה֜וּא לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּ֠סַח עַל־בָּתֵּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם בְּנָגְפּ֥וֹ אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֣ינוּ הִצִּ֑יל וַיִּקֹּ֥ד הָעָ֖ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃ | that you will say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the Passover to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he struck Egypt but saved our houses.’ ” Then the people bowed and worshipped. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 12:28 | וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ ס | Then the sons of Israel departed and did this. As the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they carried it out. | |
| Ex 12:29 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֗יְלָה וַֽיהוָה֮ הִכָּ֣ה כָל־בְּכוֹר֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכֹ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשְּׁבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית הַבּ֑וֹר וְכֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה׃ | And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from Pharaoh's firstborn, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the captive, who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the cattle. | |
| Ex 12:30 | וַיָּ֨קָם פַּרְעֹ֜ה לַ֗יְלָה ה֤וּא וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וְכָל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַתְּהִ֛י צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃ | And Pharaoh got up at night – he and all his servants and all of Egypt – and there was loud shouting in Egypt, for there was no house where there wasn't someone dead. | |
| Ex 12:31 | וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְמֹשֶׁ֨ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֜ן לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֔י גַּם־אַתֶּ֖ם גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּלְכ֛וּ עִבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם׃ | Then he called for Moses and for Aaron at night and said, “Get up and go away from my people, both you and the sons of Israel, and go and serve the Lord according to what you said. | |
| Ex 12:32 | גַּם־צֹאנְכֶ֨ם גַּם־בְּקַרְכֶ֥ם קְח֛וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם וָלֵ֑כוּ וּבֵֽרַכְתֶּ֖ם גַּם־אֹתִֽי׃ | Take also your sheep and your cattle as you said, and go, and bless me too.” | |
| Ex 12:33 | וַתֶּחֱזַ֤ק מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ עַל־הָעָ֔ם לְמַהֵ֖ר לְשַׁלְּחָ֣ם מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ כֻּלָּ֥נוּ מֵתִֽים׃ | And Egypt was resolved concerning the people to be quick in sending them out of the land, for they said, “Otherwise, we are all dead.” |
was resolved ← became strong / hard.
in sending: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 12:34 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א הָעָ֛ם אֶת־בְּצֵק֖וֹ טֶ֣רֶם יֶחְמָ֑ץ מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛ם צְרֻרֹ֥ת בְּשִׂמְלֹתָ֖ם עַל־שִׁכְמָֽם׃ | And the people carried their dough before it was leavened in their kneading-troughs, on their shoulder, bound up in their clothes. | |
| Ex 12:35 | וּבְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עָשׂ֖וּ כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם כְּלֵי־כֶ֛סֶף וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב וּשְׂמָלֹֽת׃ | And when the sons of Israel acted according to Moses' word, and they asked Egypt for items of silver and items of gold, and clothes, | |
| Ex 12:36 | וַֽיהוָ֞ה נָתַ֨ן אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָעָ֛ם בְּעֵינֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וַיַּשְׁאִל֑וּם וַֽיְנַצְּל֖וּ אֶת־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ פ | the Lord put favour towards the people in Egypt's sight, and they granted their requests, and they plundered Egypt. | towards ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 12:37 | וַיִּסְע֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵרַעְמְסֵ֖ס סֻכֹּ֑תָה כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֨וֹת אֶ֧לֶף רַגְלִ֛י הַגְּבָרִ֖ים לְבַ֥ד מִטָּֽף׃ | And the sons of Israel moved from Rameses to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, excluding children. | |
| Ex 12:38 | וְגַם־עֵ֥רֶב רַ֖ב עָלָ֣ה אִתָּ֑ם וְצֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר מִקְנֶ֖ה כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ | But a large number of mixed camp followers also went up with them, as did sheep and cattle – livestock in a very considerable quantity. | in a very considerable quantity ← very heavy. |
| Ex 12:39 | וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃ | And they baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened cakes, for it was not leavened, for they had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay, and they had not prepared any provisions for themselves either. | |
| Ex 12:40 | וּמוֹשַׁב֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשְׁב֖וּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃ | Now the time of the stay of the sons of Israel when they stayed in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years, | |
| Ex 12:41 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה יָֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־צִבְא֥וֹת יְהוָ֖ה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | and it came to pass, after four hundred and thirty years, and it was on the very same day, that all the companies of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. |
after ← at the end of.
the very same day: or this very day. companies: see Ex 6:26. |
| Ex 12:42 | לֵ֣יל שִׁמֻּרִ֥ים הוּא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הֽוּא־הַלַּ֤יְלָה הַזֶּה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁמֻּרִ֛ים לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ פ | It is a night of observance to the Lord when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. This very night of the Lord's is an observance to all the sons of Israel throughout their generations. | |
| Ex 12:43 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן זֹ֖את חֻקַּ֣ת הַפָּ֑סַח כָּל־בֶּן־נֵכָ֖ר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover. No foreigner will partake of it. | partake ← eat. |
| Ex 12:44 | וְכָל־עֶ֥בֶד אִ֖ישׁ מִקְנַת־כָּ֑סֶף וּמַלְתָּ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ אָ֖ז יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ | But as for every servant who was bought for money, and whom you have circumcised, in that case he shall partake of it. |
bought for money ← each a purchase of money.
partake ← eat. |
| Ex 12:45 | תּוֹשָׁ֥ב וְשָׂכִ֖יר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל־בּֽוֹ׃ | No temporary resident or hired servant shall partake of it. | partake ← eat. |
| Ex 12:46 | בְּבַ֤יִת אֶחָד֙ יֵאָכֵ֔ל לֹא־תוֹצִ֧יא מִן־הַבַּ֛יִת מִן־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר ח֑וּצָה וְעֶ֖צֶם לֹ֥א תִשְׁבְּרוּ־בֽוֹ׃ | It will be eaten in one house. You shall not bring any meat out from the house outside, and you shall not break any bone in it. | John 19:36. |
| Ex 12:47 | כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יַעֲשׂ֥וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Every congregation of Israel will celebrate it. | celebrate ← do; perform. |
| Ex 12:48 | וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַיהוָה֒ הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְאָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ | And if a foreigner should stay with you and celebrate the Lord's Passover, every male belonging to him must be circumcised, and then he shall approach to celebrate it, and he will be like a native of the land, but no uncircumcised person shall partake of it. |
celebrate (2x) ← do; perform.
uncircumcised ← with foreskin. partake ← eat. |
| Ex 12:49 | תּוֹרָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת יִהְיֶ֖ה לָֽאֶזְרָ֑ח וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ | There will be one law for the native and the foreigner staying with you. | with you ← in your midst. |
| Ex 12:50 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֖וּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ ס | And all the sons of Israel did what the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron – so they did.” | |
| Ex 12:51 | וַיְהִ֕י בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הוֹצִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃ פ | And it came to pass on this very day that the Lord brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt in their companies. | companies: see Ex 6:26. |
| Ex 13:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 13:2 | קַדֶּשׁ־לִ֨י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר פֶּ֤טֶר כָּל־רֶ֙חֶם֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֖י הֽוּא׃ | “Sanctify to me every firstborn, that opens any womb, among the sons of Israel, among man and among cattle; he is for me.” |
Luke 2:23.
any ← every. |
| Ex 13:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־הָעָ֗ם זָכ֞וֹר אֶת־הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצָאתֶ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים כִּ֚י בְּחֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד הוֹצִ֧יא יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖ל חָמֵֽץ׃ | So Moses said to the people, “Remember this day when you came out of Egypt, from a house of slavery, for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from there. And nothing leavened is to be eaten. |
remember: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
slavery ← slaves or servants. |
| Ex 13:4 | הַיּ֖וֹם אַתֶּ֣ם יֹצְאִ֑ים בְּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הָאָבִֽיב׃ | Today you are coming out, in the month of Abib. | |
| Ex 13:5 | וְהָיָ֣ה כִֽי־יְבִֽיאֲךָ֣ יְהוָ֡ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽ֠כְּנַעֲנִי וְהַחִתִּ֨י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֜י וְהַחִוִּ֣י וְהַיְבוּסִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔ךְ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ וְעָבַדְתָּ֛ אֶת־הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּֽה׃ | And it will come to pass that the Lord will bring you to the land of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Hivite and the Jebusite, the land about which he swore to your fathers that he would give it to you – a land flowing with milk and honey – and you will perform this service in this month. | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ex 13:6 | שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים תֹּאכַ֣ל מַצֹּ֑ת וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י חַ֖ג לַיהוָֽה׃ | You will eat unleavened bread for seven days, and on the seventh day it is a festival to the Lord. | |
| Ex 13:7 | מַצּוֹת֙ יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֨ה לְךָ֜ חָמֵ֗ץ וְלֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ שְׂאֹ֖ר בְּכָל־גְּבֻלֶֽךָ׃ | Unleavened bread will be eaten for seven days, and nothing leavened will be seen in your possession, and no leaven will be seen in your possession in all your territory. | territory ← border. |
| Ex 13:8 | וְהִגַּדְתָּ֣ לְבִנְךָ֔ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּעֲב֣וּר זֶ֗ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לִ֔י בְּצֵאתִ֖י מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And you will explain it to your son on that day and say, ‘It is for this reason: the Lord did this for me when I came out of Egypt.’ | |
| Ex 13:9 | וְהָיָה֩ לְךָ֨ לְא֜וֹת עַל־יָדְךָ֗ וּלְזִכָּרוֹן֙ בֵּ֣ין עֵינֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֗עַן תִּהְיֶ֛ה תּוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בְּפִ֑יךָ כִּ֚י בְּיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה הוֹצִֽאֲךָ֥ יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it will be as a sign to you on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes, so that the Lord's law may be in your mouth, for the Lord brought you out of Egypt with a strong hand. | |
| Ex 13:10 | וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֛ אֶת־הַחֻקָּ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְמוֹעֲדָ֑הּ מִיָּמִ֖ים יָמִֽימָה׃ ס | So you will keep this statute in its due time on these days when they occur. | on these days when they occur ← from days to days. |
| Ex 13:11 | וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־יְבִֽאֲךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לְךָ֖ וְלַֽאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וּנְתָנָ֖הּ לָֽךְ׃ | And it will come to pass that the Lord will bring you into the land of the Canaanite, as he swore to you and to your fathers, and he will give it to you. | |
| Ex 13:12 | וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֥ כָל־פֶּֽטֶר־רֶ֖חֶם לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וְכָל־פֶּ֣טֶר ׀ שֶׁ֣גֶר בְּהֵמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ הַזְּכָרִ֖ים לַיהוָֽה׃ | And you will set everyone who opens the womb aside for the Lord, and every first offspring from cattle which you will have. The males are the Lord's. |
everyone who opens the womb ← every opening of the womb.
every first offspring ← every opening of offspring. |
| Ex 13:13 | וְכָל־פֶּ֤טֶר חֲמֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֨ל בְּכ֥וֹר אָדָ֛ם בְּבָנֶ֖יךָ תִּפְדֶּֽה׃ | You will redeem every first offspring from a donkey with a lamb. If you do not redeem it, you will break its neck. And you will redeem every human firstborn among your sons. | |
| Ex 13:14 | וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָלְךָ֥ בִנְךָ֛ מָחָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֣ר מַה־זֹּ֑את וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו בְּחֹ֣זֶק יָ֗ד הוֹצִיאָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | And it will come to pass when your son asks you in the future and says, ‘What is this?’ that you will say to him, ‘With a strong hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, out of a house of slavery. |
in the future ← tomorrow.
a strong hand ← strength of hand. Translated as a reverse Hebraic genitive. slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Ex 13:15 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג יְהֹוָ֤ה כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִבְּכֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּהֵמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֩ אֲנִ֨י זֹבֵ֜חַ לַֽיהוָ֗ה כָּל־פֶּ֤טֶר רֶ֙חֶם֙ הַזְּכָרִ֔ים וְכָל־בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנַ֖י אֶפְדֶּֽה׃ | And it came to pass that he hardened Pharaoh about letting us go, and the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of cattle, which is why I sacrifice to the Lord everything that opens the womb – the males – but I redeem every firstborn of my sons.’ |
about letting us go: gerundial infinitive.
every firstborn of my sons: perhaps allowing for those with more than one wife, or speaking collectively. |
| Ex 13:16 | וְהָיָ֤ה לְאוֹת֙ עַל־יָ֣דְכָ֔ה וּלְטוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֣ין עֵינֶ֑יךָ כִּ֚י בְּחֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד הוֹצִיאָ֥נוּ יְהוָ֖ה מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ ס | And it will be as a sign on your hand, and as phylacteries between your eyes, for the Lord brought us out of Egypt by the strength of his hand.” | |
| Ex 13:17 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּשַׁלַּ֣ח פַּרְעֹה֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וְלֹא־נָחָ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים דֶּ֚רֶךְ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב ה֑וּא כִּ֣י ׀ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים פֶּֽן־יִנָּחֵ֥ם הָעָ֛ם בִּרְאֹתָ֥ם מִלְחָמָ֖ה וְשָׁ֥בוּ מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | And it came to pass, when Pharaoh let the people go, that God did not lead them through the way of the Philistines (for that was nearby), but God said, “No, in case the people have regrets when they see war, and they return to Egypt.” | |
| Ex 13:18 | וַיַּסֵּ֨ב אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶת־הָעָ֛ם דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יַם־ס֑וּף וַחֲמֻשִׁ֛ים עָל֥וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So God led the people round through the way in the desert – the Red Sea – and the sons of Israel went up from the land of Egypt armed. |
Red Sea ← Sedge Sea.
armed: the AV margin has by five in a rank; [CB] marshalled by fives. [AnLx], [BDB] and [ST] support armed. |
| Ex 13:19 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת יוֹסֵ֖ף עִמּ֑וֹ כִּי֩ הַשְׁבֵּ֨עַ הִשְׁבִּ֜יעַ אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּקֹ֨ד יִפְקֹ֤ד אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהַעֲלִיתֶ֧ם אֶת־עַצְמֹתַ֛י מִזֶּ֖ה אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | And Moses took Joseph's bones with him, for he had made a point of adjuring the sons of Israel, when he said, “God will definitely visit you, and you will bring my bones with you from here.” |
he had made a point of adjuring: infinitive absolute.
will definitely visit: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 13:20 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִסֻּכֹּ֑ת וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְאֵתָ֔ם בִּקְצֵ֖ה הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Then they moved from Succoth and encamped at Etham, at the edge of the desert. | |
| Ex 13:21 | וַֽיהוָ֡ה הֹלֵךְ֩ לִפְנֵיהֶ֨ם יוֹמָ֜ם בְּעַמּ֤וּד עָנָן֙ לַנְחֹתָ֣ם הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְלַ֛יְלָה בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֑ם לָלֶ֖כֶת יוֹמָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ | And the Lord would go in front of them, by day in a column of cloud to lead them along the way, and by night in a column of fire to give them light, for going by day and by night. | |
| Ex 13:22 | לֹֽא־יָמִ֞ישׁ עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽעָנָן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְעַמּ֥וּד הָאֵ֖שׁ לָ֑יְלָה לִפְנֵ֖י הָעָֽם׃ פ | He did not withdraw the column of cloud by day, nor the column of fire by night, in front of the people. | |
| Ex 14:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 14:2 | דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ וְיַחֲנוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת בֵּ֥ין מִגְדֹּ֖ל וּבֵ֣ין הַיָּ֑ם לִפְנֵי֙ בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן נִכְח֥וֹ תַחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַיָּֽם׃ | “Say to the sons of Israel that they must turn and encamp before Pi-Hahiroth between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-Zephon. You will encamp opposite it by the sea. | |
| Ex 14:3 | וְאָמַ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְבֻכִ֥ים הֵ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ סָגַ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, ‘They are confused in the land; the desert has cut them off.’ | cut them off ← shut them off. |
| Ex 14:4 | וְחִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮ וְרָדַ֣ף אַחֲרֵיהֶם֒ וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן׃ | And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will pursue them, and I will be glorified through Pharaoh and through all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord.” And they did so. |
harden ← make firm.
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 14:5 | וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ׃ | And it was reported to the king of Egypt that the people had fled, and Pharaoh's heart and that of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, “What is this that we have done? For we have let Israel go from serving us.” | |
| Ex 14:6 | וַיֶּאְסֹ֖ר אֶת־רִכְבּ֑וֹ וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לָקַ֥ח עִמּֽוֹ׃ | So he harnessed his chariot and took his people with him, | |
| Ex 14:7 | וַיִּקַּ֗ח שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת רֶ֙כֶב֙ בָּח֔וּר וְכֹ֖ל רֶ֣כֶב מִצְרָ֑יִם וְשָׁלִשִׁ֖ם עַל־כֻּלּֽוֹ׃ | and he took six hundred choice chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, with crews of three on each of them. |
crews of three: AV differs (captains).
each ← all. |
| Ex 14:8 | וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֹצְאִ֖ים בְּיָ֥ד רָמָֽה׃ | And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the sons of Israel, while the sons of Israel were going out by a high hand. |
hardened ← made firm.
while: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 14:9 | וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ אוֹתָם֙ חֹנִ֣ים עַל־הַיָּ֔ם כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו וְחֵיל֑וֹ עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן׃ | And the Egyptians pursued them, and they caught up with them when they were encamping by the sea. Every horse and chariot of Pharaoh and its riders and his army was in Pi-Hahiroth before Baal-Zephon. | the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 14:10 | וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And Pharaoh approached, and the sons of Israel lifted up their eyes, and what they saw was the Egyptians coming after them, and they were very afraid, and the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. |
what they saw was ← behold.
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. coming ← travelling, moving. |
| Ex 14:11 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־קְבָרִים֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם לְקַחְתָּ֖נוּ לָמ֣וּת בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְהוֹצִיאָ֖נוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they said to Moses, “Is it for want of graves in Egypt that you have taken us to die in the desert? What is this you have done to us, bringing us out of Egypt? | |
| Ex 14:12 | הֲלֹא־זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבַּ֨רְנוּ אֵלֶ֤יךָ בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חֲדַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וְנַֽעַבְדָ֣ה אֶת־מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ עֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מִמֻּתֵ֖נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Isn't this the concern which we told you in Egypt, when we said, ‘Leave us alone and let us serve Egypt, for it is better for us to serve Egypt than that we die in the desert.’ ” |
concern ← thing.
leave us alone ← cease from us. |
| Ex 14:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־הָעָם֮ אַל־תִּירָאוּ֒ הִֽתְיַצְב֗וּ וּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר רְאִיתֶ֤ם אֶת־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם לֹ֥א תֹסִ֛יפוּ לִרְאֹתָ֥ם ע֖וֹד עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | At this Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand up and observe the Lord's salvation, which he will effect for you today, for as for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you will never see them again. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
stand up and observe (etc.): compare 2 Chr 20:17. the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. never ← up to the age. |
| Ex 14:14 | יְהוָ֖ה יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם וְאַתֶּ֖ם תַּחֲרִישֽׁוּן׃ פ | And the Lord will fight for you, and you will keep quiet.” | |
| Ex 14:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶל־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְיִסָּֽעוּ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to me? Say to the sons of Israel that they should move on. | that: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 14:16 | וְאַתָּ֞ה הָרֵ֣ם אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֗ וּנְטֵ֧ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֛ עַל־הַיָּ֖ם וּבְקָעֵ֑הוּ וְיָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃ | And you lift up your rod, and stretch your hand out over the sea, and divide it, so that the sons of Israel can go through the middle of the sea on dry ground. | so that: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 14:17 | וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו׃ | And as for me, I am about to harden the Egyptians' hearts, and they will come after them, and I will be glorified by means of Pharaoh and all his army, his chariot fleet and his horsemen. |
I am about to ← behold me.
harden ← make firm. the Egyptians' hearts ← Egypt's heart, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 14:18 | וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּהִכָּבְדִ֣י בְּפַרְעֹ֔ה בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו׃ | And Egypt will know that I am the Lord when I am glorified by means of Pharaoh, his chariot fleet and his horsemen.” | |
| Ex 14:19 | וַיִּסַּ֞ע מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַהֹלֵךְ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּסַּ֞ע עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽעָנָן֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֖ד מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the angel of God, who goes ahead of Israel's camp, moved and went behind them, and the column of cloud moved from in front of them and stood behind them, | |
| Ex 14:20 | וַיָּבֹ֞א בֵּ֣ין ׀ מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֗יִם וּבֵין֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֤י הֶֽעָנָן֙ וְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וַיָּ֖אֶר אֶת־הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְלֹא־קָרַ֥ב זֶ֛ה אֶל־זֶ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | and it went between Egypt's camp and Israel's camp, and it became cloud and darkness, but it lit up the night. And one did not approach the other all night. | cloud and darkness ← the cloud and the darkness. |
| Ex 14:21 | וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָדוֹ֮ עַל־הַיָּם֒ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַ֠יָּם בְּר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים עַזָּה֙ כָּל־הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם לֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ | Then Moses stretched his hand over the sea, and the Lord caused the sea to recede with a strong east wind all night, and he made the sea dry land. And the water was divided, | recede ← go. |
| Ex 14:22 | וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם׃ | and the sons of Israel went through the middle of the sea on dry ground, and the water was a wall to them on their right and on their left. | |
| Ex 14:23 | וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל ס֣וּס פַּרְעֹ֔ה רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֑יו אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃ | Meanwhile the Egyptians pursued them and came after them – every horse of Pharaoh's, his chariot fleet and his horsemen – into the middle of the sea. |
meanwhile: wider use of the vav.
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 14:24 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּשְׁקֵ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ וְעָנָ֑ן וַיָּ֕הָם אֵ֖ת מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass in the morning watch that the Lord peered at the Egyptian troops through the column of fire and cloud, and he routed the Egyptian troops. | troops (2x) ← camp. |
| Ex 14:25 | וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם פ | And he caused their chariot-wheels to come off, so that they drove them with difficulty, and Egypt said, “I will flee from Israel's presence, for the Lord is fighting for them in Egypt.” | their ← its. The singular is used of Egypt (= the Egyptians) in the rest of this verse and the next. |
| Ex 14:26 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עַל־הַיָּ֑ם וְיָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְעַל־פָּרָשָֽׁיו׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch your hand out over the sea, and the water will return over Egypt, over its chariot fleet and over its horsemen.” | |
| Ex 14:27 | וַיֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜וֹ עַל־הַיָּ֗ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב הַיָּ֜ם לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֙קֶר֙ לְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם נָסִ֣ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃ | So Moses stretched his hand out over the sea, and the sea returned at the break of morning to its normal state, while the Egyptians were fleeing towards it, and the Lord tossed the Egyptians about in the middle of the sea. |
normal state ← constancy; might.
the Egyptians (2x) ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2. |
| Ex 14:28 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד׃ | Then the water returned and covered the chariot fleet and the horsemen in all Pharaoh's forces which came after them in the sea. Not a single one of them remained. | not a single one ← not up to one. |
| Ex 14:29 | וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיָּ֑ם וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם | But the sons of Israel went on dry land in the middle of the sea, and the water was a wall to them on their right and on their left. | |
| Ex 14:30 | וַיּ֨וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיַּ֤רְא יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ֖ת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃ | So the Lord saved Israel from Egypt's grip on that day, and Israel saw Egypt dead on the sea-shore. | grip ← hand. |
| Ex 14:31 | וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ פ | And Israel saw the great power which the Lord exerted in Egypt, and the people feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in Moses his servant. |
power ← hand.
exerted ← did, made. |
| Ex 15:1 | אָ֣ז יָשִֽׁיר־מֹשֶׁה֩ וּבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַשִּׁירָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אָשִׁ֤ירָה לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃ |
Then Moses and the sons of Israel sang this song to the Lord, and they spoke and said,
“I will sing to the Lord, For he is highly exalted. He has thrown horse and its rider into the sea. |
he is highly exalted: infinitive absolute.
horse and its rider: a poetic singular, technically heterosis of number, standing for horses and their riders. Also in Ex 15:21. |
| Ex 15:2 | עָזִּ֤י וְזִמְרָת֙ יָ֔הּ וַֽיְהִי־לִ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה זֶ֤ה אֵלִי֙ וְאַנְוֵ֔הוּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י אָבִ֖י וַאֲרֹמְמֶֽנְהוּ׃ |
The Lord is my strength and my melody, And he became salvation to me. This is my God, And I will prepare a dwelling for him – The God of my father – And I will extol him. |
the Lord is my strength and my melody (etc.): compare Ps 118:14 and Isa 12:2.
prepare a dwelling for: or adorn. |
| Ex 15:3 | יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה יְהוָ֖ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord is a man of war; The Lord is his name. |
|
| Ex 15:4 | מַרְכְּבֹ֥ת פַּרְעֹ֛ה וְחֵיל֖וֹ יָרָ֣ה בַיָּ֑ם וּמִבְחַ֥ר שָֽׁלִשָׁ֖יו טֻבְּע֥וּ בְיַם־סֽוּף׃ |
He cast Pharaoh's chariots and his army into the sea, And the elite of his crews of three Sank in the Red Sea. |
crews of three: AV differs (captains).
sank: perhaps passive (the verb is pual), were sunk, though hophal is ↴ |
| Ex 15:5 | תְּהֹמֹ֖ת יְכַסְיֻ֑מוּ יָרְד֥וּ בִמְצוֹלֹ֖ת כְּמוֹ־אָֽבֶן׃ |
The depths covered them; They descended into the depths like a stone. |
↳ the usual stem-formation for the passive of this verb. |
| Ex 15:6 | יְמִֽינְךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה נֶאְדָּרִ֖י בַּכֹּ֑חַ יְמִֽינְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה תִּרְעַ֥ץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
Your right hand, O Lord, Has become glorious by power. Your right hand, O Lord, Has crushed the enemy. |
|
| Ex 15:7 | וּבְרֹ֥ב גְּאוֹנְךָ֖ תַּהֲרֹ֣ס קָמֶ֑יךָ תְּשַׁלַּח֙ חֲרֹ֣נְךָ֔ יֹאכְלֵ֖מוֹ כַּקַּֽשׁ׃ |
And in the wealth of your splendour You demolished those rising up against you. You sent your fury Which consumed them like stubble. |
|
| Ex 15:8 | וּבְר֤וּחַ אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ נֶ֣עֶרְמוּ מַ֔יִם נִצְּב֥וּ כְמוֹ־נֵ֖ד נֹזְלִ֑ים קָֽפְא֥וּ תְהֹמֹ֖ת בְּלֶב־יָֽם׃ |
And by the breath of your nostrils The water heaped up, The liquid stood like a mound; The depths solidified in the heart of the sea. |
|
| Ex 15:9 | אָמַ֥ר אוֹיֵ֛ב אֶרְדֹּ֥ף אַשִּׂ֖יג אֲחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָ֑ל תִּמְלָאֵ֣מוֹ נַפְשִׁ֔י אָרִ֣יק חַרְבִּ֔י תּוֹרִישֵׁ֖מוֹ יָדִֽי׃ |
The enemy said, ‘I will pursue; I will catch up with them. I will share out the spoil; My fervour will be satisfied on them. I will draw my sword; My hand will disinherit them.’ |
fervour ← soul.
satisfied ← filled. |
| Ex 15:10 | נָשַׁ֥פְתָּ בְרוּחֲךָ֖ כִּסָּ֣מוֹ יָ֑ם צָֽלֲלוּ֙ כַּֽעוֹפֶ֔רֶת בְּמַ֖יִם אַדִּירִֽים׃ |
You blew with your wind; The sea covered them. They sank like lead In mighty waters. |
wind: or breath. |
| Ex 15:11 | מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ נוֹרָ֥א תְהִלֹּ֖ת עֹ֥שֵׂה פֶֽלֶא׃ |
Who is like you Among the gods, O Lord? Who is like you? Glorious in holiness, Fearfully praiseworthy, Performing wondrously. |
who is like you ... among the gods (etc.): compare Ps 86:8, Ps 86:10.
fearfully praiseworthy ← fearful (as) to praises ← fearsome of praises. A wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 15:12 | נָטִ֙יתָ֙ יְמִ֣ינְךָ֔ תִּבְלָעֵ֖מוֹ אָֽרֶץ׃ |
You stretched out your right hand; The earth swallowed them up. |
|
| Ex 15:13 | נָחִ֥יתָ בְחַסְדְּךָ֖ עַם־ז֣וּ גָּאָ֑לְתָּ נֵהַ֥לְתָּ בְעָזְּךָ֖ אֶל־נְוֵ֥ה קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
In your kindness you have led the people Whom you redeemed. You have guided them by your strength To your holy dwelling place. |
the people whom: זוּ, zu, is a relative pronoun (→ whom), not demonstrative, this, here.
your holy dwelling place ← the dwelling place of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 15:14 | שָֽׁמְע֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים יִרְגָּז֑וּן חִ֣יל אָחַ֔ז יֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּלָֽשֶׁת׃ |
The nations will hear about it And will be awestruck. Writhing has seized the inhabitants of Philistia. |
Philistia: AV= Palestina here, but Philistia in Ps 108:10 (Ps 108:9AV). |
| Ex 15:15 | אָ֤ז נִבְהֲלוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אֵילֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מוֹ רָ֑עַד נָמֹ֕גוּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃ |
Then the chieftains of Edom will be terrified; As for the mighty ones of Moab, Trembling will seize them. All the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away. |
|
| Ex 15:16 | תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֙תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃ |
Dread and fear will descend on them; By the magnificence of your arm They will be dumbfounded like a stone, Until your people cross over, O Lord, Until the people you have purchased cross over. |
|
| Ex 15:17 | תְּבִאֵ֗מוֹ וְתִטָּעֵ֙מוֹ֙ בְּהַ֣ר נַחֲלָֽתְךָ֔ מָכ֧וֹן לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֛ פָּעַ֖לְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה מִקְּדָ֕שׁ אֲדֹנָ֖י כּוֹנְנ֥וּ יָדֶֽיךָ׃ |
You will bring them in and plant them At the mountain of your inheritance, A place established for you to dwell in, Which you, O Lord, have made, A sanctuary, O Lord*, Which your hands have established. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ex 15:18 | יְהוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
The Lord will reign Age-abidingly and timelessly. |
Rev 11:15.
timelessly: or (to) eternity. |
| Ex 15:19 | כִּ֣י בָא֩ ס֨וּס פַּרְעֹ֜ה בְּרִכְבּ֤וֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו֙ בַּיָּ֔ם וַיָּ֧שֶׁב יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵהֶ֖ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃ פ | For Pharaoh's cavalry with his chariot fleet and his riders went into the sea, but the Lord caused the water of the sea to return over them, whereas the sons of Israel went on dry land in the middle of the sea.” |
cavalry ← horse.
whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 15:20 | וַתִּקַּח֩ מִרְיָ֨ם הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֲח֧וֹת אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַתֹּ֖ף בְּיָדָ֑הּ וַתֵּצֶ֤אןָ כָֽל־הַנָּשִׁים֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יהָ בְּתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃ | Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron's sister, took a drum in her hand, and all the women went out following her with drums and dancing. | a drum ← the drum. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 15:21 | וַתַּ֥עַן לָהֶ֖ם מִרְיָ֑ם שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃ ס |
And Miriam intoned to them,
“Sing to the Lord For he is most exalted. He cast horse and its rider Into the sea.” |
intoned ← answered, but no question was asked, and the sense is wider. Compare Matt 11:25, Matt 22:1, Rev 17:13.
he is most exalted: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 15:22 | וַיַּסַּ֨ע מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּם־ס֔וּף וַיֵּצְא֖וּ אֶל־מִדְבַּר־שׁ֑וּר וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־יָמִ֛ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְלֹא־מָ֥צְאוּ מָֽיִם׃ | Then Moses moved Israel from the Red Sea, and they went out to the Desert of Shur, and they went for three days in the desert, but they did not find water. | Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. |
| Ex 15:23 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ מָרָ֔תָה וְלֹ֣א יָֽכְל֗וּ לִשְׁתֹּ֥ת מַ֙יִם֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה כִּ֥י מָרִ֖ים הֵ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמָ֖הּ מָרָֽה׃ | And they came to Marah, but they could not drink the water of Marah, for it was bitter, which is why it is called Marah. | Marah ← bitterness. |
| Ex 15:24 | וַיִּלֹּ֧נוּ הָעָ֛ם עַל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹ֖ר מַה־נִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | The people then complained about Moses, and they said, “What will we drink?” | |
| Ex 15:25 | וַיִּצְעַ֣ק אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיּוֹרֵ֤הוּ יְהוָה֙ עֵ֔ץ וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם שָׁ֣ם שָׂ֥ם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְשָׁ֥ם נִסָּֽהוּ׃ | And he cried out to the Lord, and the Lord pointed out a piece of wood to him, which he threw into the water, and the water became freshwater. He established for them a statute and a law there, and he tested them there, |
freshwater ← sweet. Compare James 3:11-12. English says freshwater; Hebrew, Greek and many modern languages (e.g. French, Dutch, German, Spanish) say sweetwater.
them (2x) ← it / him, standing for the people. |
| Ex 15:26 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אִם־שָׁמ֨וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַ֜ע לְק֣וֹל ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ וְהַיָּשָׁ֤ר בְּעֵינָיו֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְהַֽאֲזַנְתָּ֙ לְמִצְוֺתָ֔יו וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֖ כָּל־חֻקָּ֑יו כָּֽל־הַמַּֽחֲלָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֤מְתִּי בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹא־אָשִׂ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֹפְאֶֽךָ׃ ס | and he said, “If you carefully obey the Lord your God, and do what is right in his sight, and hearken to his commandments and keep all his statutes, then I will not lay on you any of the diseases which I laid on Egypt, for I am the Lord your healer.” |
you: singular, standing for the people.
carefully obey ← hearing hear the voice, infinitive absolute. right ← upright. hearken ← listen. any of the diseases ← all of the disease. |
| Ex 15:27 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֵילִ֔מָה וְשָׁ֗ם שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֛ה עֵינֹ֥ת מַ֖יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים תְּמָרִ֑ים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַמָּֽיִם׃ | Then they came to Elim, where there were twelve springs of water and seventy date palm trees, and they encamped there by the water. | |
| Ex 16:1 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽאֵילִ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־מִדְבַּר־סִ֔ין אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּין־אֵילִ֖ם וּבֵ֣ין סִינָ֑י בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י לְצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then they moved from Elim, and the whole congregation of the sons of Israel came to the Desert of Sin which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month, after they had come out of the land of Egypt. | Sin ← mire, or a thorn bush. It is etymologically related to Sinai. |
| Ex 16:2 | *וילינו **וַיִּלּ֜וֹנוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And the whole congregation of the sons of Israel complained about Moses and Aaron in the desert. | complained: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Ex 16:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִֽי־יִתֵּ֨ן מוּתֵ֤נוּ בְיַד־יְהוָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּשִׁבְתֵּ֙נוּ֙ עַל־סִ֣יר הַבָּשָׂ֔ר בְּאָכְלֵ֥נוּ לֶ֖חֶם לָשֹׂ֑בַע כִּֽי־הוֹצֵאתֶ֤ם אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לְהָמִ֛ית אֶת־כָּל־הַקָּהָ֥ל הַזֶּ֖ה בָּרָעָֽב׃ ס | And the sons of Israel said to them, “If only we could die at the Lord's hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat at the meat pot, when we ate bread to our fill, for you have brought us out into this desert to kill the whole of this convocation by starvation.” | if only we could die ← who will give us to die? |
| Ex 16:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “You will see how I rain down bread for you from heaven, and the people will go out and collect a day's worth per day so that I may test them as to whether they walk in my law or not. |
you will see how I ← behold me.
a day's worth per day ← a thing of a day in its day. This verse contains a mixture of 3 singular (translated go out, them, they) and 2 plural ((for) you, collect) pronouns and verb forms. |
| Ex 16:5 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י וְהֵכִ֖ינוּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־יָבִ֑יאוּ וְהָיָ֣ה מִשְׁנֶ֔ה עַ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְקְט֖וּ י֥וֹם ׀ יֽוֹם׃ ס | And it will come to pass on the sixth day that they will prepare what they bring back, and it will be double what they collect on an ordinary day.” | an ordinary day ← day day. |
| Ex 16:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֶ֕רֶב וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֧י יְהוָ֛ה הוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Moses and Aaron said to all the sons of Israel, “When evening comes, you will know that the Lord brought you out of the land of Egypt. | |
| Ex 16:7 | וּבֹ֗קֶר וּרְאִיתֶם֙ אֶת־כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה בְּשָׁמְע֥וֹ אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־יְהוָ֑ה וְנַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה כִּ֥י *תלונו **תַלִּ֖ינוּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | And in the morning you will see the Lord's glory, because he has heard your complaining about the Lord. But as for us, what are we that you should complain about us?” |
you should complain: the ketiv and qeré are niphal and hiphil respectively, with the same meaning.
because he has heard ← at his hearing. |
| Ex 16:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּתֵ֣ת יְהוָה֩ לָכֶ֨ם בָּעֶ֜רֶב בָּשָׂ֣ר לֶאֱכֹ֗ל וְלֶ֤חֶם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ לִשְׂבֹּ֔עַ בִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־תְּלֻנֹּ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם מַלִּינִ֖ם עָלָ֑יו וְנַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה לֹא־עָלֵ֥ינוּ תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses said, “You will see this when the Lord gives you meat to eat in the evening, and bread in the morning to your fill, because the Lord has heard your complaints which you bring against him, but what are we? Your complaints are not against us, but against the Lord.” | complaints ... bring ← complaints ... complain (cognate noun and verb). The verb is partly in an Aramaic form. |
| Ex 16:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֱמֹ֗ר אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קִרְב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע אֵ֖ת תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Moses said to Aaron, “Say to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘Come near before the Lord, for he has heard your complaints.’ ” | |
| Ex 16:10 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּדַבֵּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּפְנ֖וּ אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה נִרְאָ֖ה בֶּעָנָֽן׃ פ | Then it came to pass, when Aaron was speaking to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, that they turned their gaze to the desert, and they saw that the glory of the Lord had appeared in the cloud. | they saw that ← behold. |
| Ex 16:11 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 16:12 | שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶת־תְּלוּנֹּת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ דַּבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בֵּ֤ין הָֽעַרְבַּ֙יִם֙ תֹּאכְל֣וּ בָשָׂ֔ר וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר תִּשְׂבְּעוּ־לָ֑חֶם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | “I have heard the complaints of the sons of Israel. Speak to them and say, ‘In the evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will have your fill of bread, and you will know that I am the Lord your God.’ ” | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Ex 16:13 | וַיְהִ֣י בָעֶ֔רֶב וַתַּ֣עַל הַשְּׂלָ֔ו וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וּבַבֹּ֗קֶר הָֽיְתָה֙ שִׁכְבַ֣ת הַטַּ֔ל סָבִ֖יב לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the evening that quails came up and covered the camp, and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp. |
quails ← the quail.
a layer of dew ← the layer of dew. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ex 16:14 | וַתַּ֖עַל שִׁכְבַ֣ת הַטָּ֑ל וְהִנֵּ֞ה עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּדְבָּר֙ דַּ֣ק מְחֻסְפָּ֔ס דַּ֥ק כַּכְּפֹ֖ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then the layer of dew evaporated and revealed a flaky dust on the surface of the desert, dust like a hoarfrost on the ground. |
evaporated ← went up.
revealed ← behold. ground ← land. |
| Ex 16:15 | וַיִּרְא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־אָחִיו֙ מָ֣ן ה֔וּא כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ מַה־ה֑וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם ה֣וּא הַלֶּ֔חֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | And when the sons of Israel saw it, they said one to another, “It is manna”, for they did not know what it was. Then Moses said to them, “This is the bread which the Lord has given you to eat. |
one to another ← a man / each to his brother.
it is manna ← man hu, = what (is) it? in Aramaic, the word man probably being current as a foreign word in Hebrew. to eat: or for food. |
| Ex 16:16 | זֶ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה לִקְט֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ אִ֖ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֑וֹ עֹ֣מֶר לַגֻּלְגֹּ֗לֶת מִסְפַּר֙ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אִ֛ישׁ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאָהֳל֖וֹ תִּקָּֽחוּ׃ | This is what the Lord commands: ‘Collect it – each one according his nutritional requirement – an omer per head for the number of people you are. Everyone is to take what is needed for those in his tent.’ ” |
what ← the thing which.
nutritional ← food. omer: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. head ← skull. people you are ← your souls. |
| Ex 16:17 | וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֖ן בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּלְקְט֔וּ הַמַּרְבֶּ֖ה וְהַמַּמְעִֽיט׃ | So the sons of Israel did this and collected it – some a lot and some a little. |
this ← thus.
some a lot and some a little ← the increaser and the reducer. |
| Ex 16:18 | וַיָּמֹ֣דּוּ בָעֹ֔מֶר וְלֹ֤א הֶעְדִּיף֙ הַמַּרְבֶּ֔ה וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יט לֹ֣א הֶחְסִ֑יר אִ֥ישׁ לְפִֽי־אָכְל֖וֹ לָקָֽטוּ׃ | And they measured it in omers, and he who had gathered a lot had no surplus, and he who had gathered a little had no lack. Each man gathered according to his nutritional requirement. |
2 Cor 8:15.
in omers ← by the omer. An omer is about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Ex 16:19 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֕ישׁ אַל־יוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | Then Moses said to them, “Let no-one keep any of it over until the morning.” | |
| Ex 16:20 | וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיּוֹתִ֨רוּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ עַד־בֹּ֔קֶר וַיָּ֥רֻם תּוֹלָעִ֖ים וַיִּבְאַ֑שׁ וַיִּקְצֹ֥ף עֲלֵהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | But they did not heed Moses, and some men kept some of it over until the morning, and it harboured worms, and it stank, and Moses became angry with them. | harboured ← gave rise to. It could be re-pointed as וַיָּרָם, from רמם, to be wormy. |
| Ex 16:21 | וַיִּלְקְט֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר אִ֖ישׁ כְּפִ֣י אָכְל֑וֹ וְחַ֥ם הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וְנָמָֽס׃ | So they collected it every morning, each man according to his nutritional requirement, then the sun would become hot, and it would melt. | every morning ← in the morning in the morning. |
| Ex 16:22 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗י לָֽקְט֥וּ לֶ֙חֶם֙ מִשְׁנֶ֔ה שְׁנֵ֥י הָעֹ֖מֶר לָאֶחָ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ כָּל־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה וַיַּגִּ֖ידוּ לְמֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And it came to pass on the sixth day that they collected double the amount of bread – two omers for one. And all the leading people of the congregation came and told Moses. |
bread: standing for food in general, and in this case, manna.
omer: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Ex 16:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם ה֚וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁבָּת֧וֹן שַׁבַּת־קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה מָחָ֑ר אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאפ֞וּ אֵפ֗וּ וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תְּבַשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔לוּ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף הַנִּ֧יחוּ לָכֶ֛ם לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And he said to them, “This is what the Lord has spoken: ‘Tomorrow is a high Sabbath – a holy Sabbath to the Lord.’ Bake what you want to bake; cook what you want to cook, and store up until morning everything that is left over as a stock.” |
store up ← deposit for yourselves.
everything: in the MT, but it is omitted by the AV and some other translations. So AV differs. stock ← preservation. |
| Ex 16:24 | וַיַּנִּ֤יחוּ אֹתוֹ֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְלֹ֣א הִבְאִ֔ישׁ וְרִמָּ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה בּֽוֹ׃ | So they stored it until the morning, as Moses instructed them, and it did not become foul-smelling, nor were there worms in it. | worms ← worm. Collective usage. |
| Ex 16:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אִכְלֻ֣הוּ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּֽי־שַׁבָּ֥ת הַיּ֖וֹם לַיהוָ֑ה הַיּ֕וֹם לֹ֥א תִמְצָאֻ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And Moses said, “Eat it today, for it is the Lord's Sabbath. Today you will not find it in the countryside. | |
| Ex 16:26 | שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים תִּלְקְטֻ֑הוּ וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛י שַׁבָּ֖ת לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ׃ | You will collect it for six days, but on the seventh day – the Sabbath – there will not be any there.” | be any there ← be (any) on it. |
| Ex 16:27 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י יָצְא֥וּ מִן־הָעָ֖ם לִלְקֹ֑ט וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאוּ׃ ס | And it came to pass on the seventh day that some people went out to collect it, but they did not find any. | |
| Ex 16:28 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה עַד־אָ֙נָה֙ מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔ם לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתַ֖י וְתוֹרֹתָֽי׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? | you: plural, so the criticism is not directed at Moses personally. |
| Ex 16:29 | רְא֗וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָה֮ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֣ם הַשַּׁבָּת֒ עַל־כֵּ֠ן ה֣וּא נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י לֶ֣חֶם יוֹמָ֑יִם שְׁב֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ תַּחְתָּ֗יו אַל־יֵ֥צֵא אִ֛ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | See that the Lord has given you the Sabbath, which is why he is giving you bread for two days on the sixth day. Let everyone stay in his place; let no-one go from his place on the seventh day.” |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
in his place ← under himself. |
| Ex 16:30 | וַיִּשְׁבְּת֥וּ הָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | So the people rested on the seventh day. | |
| Ex 16:31 | וַיִּקְרְא֧וּ בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ מָ֑ן וְה֗וּא כְּזֶ֤רַע גַּד֙ לָבָ֔ן וְטַעְמ֖וֹ כְּצַפִּיחִ֥ת בִּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | And the house of Israel called it manna, and it is like coriander seed, being white, and its taste is like cake kneaded with honey. | manna: see Ex 16:15. But here just man. |
| Ex 16:32 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה זֶ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה מְלֹ֤א הָעֹ֙מֶר֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יִרְא֣וּ אֶת־הַלֶּ֗חֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱכַ֤לְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Moses said, “This is what the Lord commanded: ‘Fill an omer of it, as a stock for your future generations so that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the desert, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’ ” |
what ← the thing.
omer: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. stock ← preservation. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ex 16:33 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֚ח צִנְצֶ֣נֶת אַחַ֔ת וְתֶן־שָׁ֥מָּה מְלֹֽא־הָעֹ֖מֶר מָ֑ן וְהַנַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Moses said to Aaron, “Take an urn and put a full omer of manna in it, and place it before the Lord as a preserved item for your future generations.” |
an urn ← one urn.
omer: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. manna: see Ex 16:31. in it ← to there. |
| Ex 16:34 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיַּנִּיחֵ֧הוּ אַהֲרֹ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדֻ֖ת לְמִשְׁמָֽרֶת׃ | As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before the testimony as a preserved item. | the testimony: a forward reference to the ark [CB]. |
| Ex 16:35 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָֽכְל֤וּ אֶת־הַמָּן֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה עַד־בֹּאָ֖ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ נוֹשָׁ֑בֶת אֶת־הַמָּן֙ אָֽכְל֔וּ עַד־בֹּאָ֕ם אֶל־קְצֵ֖ה אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And the sons of Israel ate the manna for forty years, until they came to inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. | manna (2x): see Ex 16:15. |
| Ex 16:36 | וְהָעֹ֕מֶר עֲשִׂרִ֥ית הָאֵיפָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ פ | An omer is a tenth of an ephah. |
omer: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Ex 17:1 | וַ֠יִּסְעוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל מִמִּדְבַּר־סִ֛ין לְמַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בִּרְפִידִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין מַ֖יִם לִשְׁתֹּ֥ת הָעָֽם׃ | Then the whole congregation of the sons of Israel moved from the Desert of Sin in their moves at the instruction of the Lord, and they encamped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. |
Sin: see Ex 16:1.
instruction ← mouth. |
| Ex 17:2 | וַיָּ֤רֶב הָעָם֙ עִם־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ תְּנוּ־לָ֥נוּ מַ֖יִם וְנִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה מַה־תְּרִיבוּן֙ עִמָּדִ֔י מַה־תְּנַסּ֖וּן אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And the people argued with Moses and said, “Give us water to drink”, whereupon Moses said to them, “Why are you arguing with me? Why are you testing the Lord?” |
to drink ← and we will drink, purposive use of the vav.
whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 17:3 | וַיִּצְמָ֨א שָׁ֤ם הָעָם֙ לַמַּ֔יִם וַיָּ֥לֶן הָעָ֖ם עַל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ הֶעֱלִיתָ֣נוּ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לְהָמִ֥ית אֹתִ֛י וְאֶת־בָּנַ֥י וְאֶת־מִקְנַ֖י בַּצָּמָֽא׃ | So the people thirsted for water there, and the people complained to Moses and said, “Why is it that you have brought us up out of Egypt to kill me and my sons and my cattle with thirst?” |
us ... me ... my: AV differs (us ... us ... our), but our translation reflects the Hebrew original, and it makes sense.
cattle ← possession, but mainly consisting of cattle. |
| Ex 17:4 | וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה ע֥וֹד מְעַ֖ט וּסְקָלֻֽנִי׃ | And Moses cried out to the Lord and said, “What should I do with this people? A little longer and they will be stoning me.” | with ← to. |
| Ex 17:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה עֲבֹר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וְקַ֥ח אִתְּךָ֖ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַטְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכִּ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ אֶת־הַיְאֹ֔ר קַ֥ח בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְהָלָֽכְתָּ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go across in front of the people, and take some of the elders of Israel with you, and take in your hand your rod with which you struck the river. So go. | so: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Ex 17:6 | הִנְנִ֣י עֹמֵד֩ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ שָּׁ֥ם ׀ עַֽל־הַצּוּר֮ בְּחֹרֵב֒ וְהִכִּ֣יתָ בַצּ֗וּר וְיָצְא֥וּ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ מַ֖יִם וְשָׁתָ֣ה הָעָ֑ם וַיַּ֤עַשׂ כֵּן֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | You will see that I am standing before you there on the rock at Horeb, and you will strike the rock, and water will come out of it, and the people will drink.” So Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. |
you will see that I ← behold me.
this ← thus. |
| Ex 17:7 | וַיִּקְרָא֙ שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֔וֹם מַסָּ֖ה וּמְרִיבָ֑ה עַל־רִ֣יב ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְעַ֨ל נַסֹּתָ֤ם אֶת־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲיֵ֧שׁ יְהוָ֛ה בְּקִרְבֵּ֖נוּ אִם־אָֽיִן׃ פ | And he called the place Massah and Meribah, on account of the arguing of the sons of Israel and on account of their testing the Lord, when they said, “Is the Lord in our midst or not?” | Massah and Meribah: i.e. tempting and contention. |
| Ex 17:8 | וַיָּבֹ֖א עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּרְפִידִֽם׃ | Then Amalek came and fought against Israel in Rephidim. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Ex 17:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בְּחַר־לָ֣נוּ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְצֵ֖א הִלָּחֵ֣ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק מָחָ֗ר אָנֹכִ֤י נִצָּב֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וּמַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדִֽי׃ | And Moses said to Joshua, “Select men for us and go out to fight against Amalek. Tomorrow I will be standing on the top of the hill with the rod of God in my hand.” |
Joshua ← Yehoshua, Jehovah / Yahveh will save. Transliterated as Ἰησοῦς, Jesus, in the NT (Acts 7:45, Heb 4:8).
with ← and. |
| Ex 17:10 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמַר־לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְח֔וּר עָל֖וּ רֹ֥אשׁ הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ | And Joshua did as Moses had said to him, to fight against Amalek, while Moses and Aaron and Hur went up to the top of the hill. | |
| Ex 17:11 | וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥ים מֹשֶׁ֛ה יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנִ֛יחַ יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֥ר עֲמָלֵֽק׃ | And it was the case that when Moses lifted up his hand, Israel prevailed, but when he let his hand drop, Amalek prevailed. | |
| Ex 17:12 | וִידֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ כְּבֵדִ֔ים וַיִּקְחוּ־אֶ֛בֶן וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ תַחְתָּ֖יו וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב עָלֶ֑יהָ וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן וְח֜וּר תָּֽמְכ֣וּ בְיָדָ֗יו מִזֶּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וּמִזֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י יָדָ֛יו אֱמוּנָ֖ה עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And Moses' hands became heavy, so they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it, and Aaron and Hur supported his hands, one on one side and one on the other side, so his hands were steady until the sun set. | steady ← steadiness or faithfulness. |
| Ex 17:13 | וַיַּחֲלֹ֧שׁ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֥ק וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ פ | So Joshua defeated Amalek and his people by the blade of the sword. | |
| Ex 17:14 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כְּתֹ֨ב זֹ֤את זִכָּרוֹן֙ בַּסֵּ֔פֶר וְשִׂ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּֽי־מָחֹ֤ה אֶמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Write this down as a memorial in a book, and recite it in Joshua's ears, for I will thoroughly wipe out the memory of Amalek under heaven.” |
recite ← lay.
thoroughly wipe out: infinitive absolute. under ← from under. heaven: or the sky. |
| Ex 17:15 | וַיִּ֥בֶן מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִסִּֽי׃ | Then Moses built an altar and called it The Lord is my Banner. | The Lord is my Banner: AV differs, transliterating (Jehovah-nissi). |
| Ex 17:16 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־יָד֙ עַל־כֵּ֣ס יָ֔הּ מִלְחָמָ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה בַּֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק מִדֹּ֖ר דֹּֽר׃ פ | And he said, “Because there is a hand on the throne of the Lord, the Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” | a hand on the throne: AV differs somewhat, as do others, explicitly interpreting this as a sign of swearing. |
| Ex 18:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוֹצִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | When Jethro the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard everything that God had done for Moses and for Israel his people – that the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt – | Jethro: see Ex 3:1. |
| Ex 18:2 | וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת מֹשֶׁ֑ה אַחַ֖ר שִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ׃ | Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, then took Zipporah Moses' wife back, after her being sent back, | Jethro, Moses' father-in-law: the repetition of the name (rather than using a pronoun) is otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. On the rendering Jethro, see Ex 3:1. |
| Ex 18:3 | וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ | and her two sons, of whom the name of one was Gershom, because he had said, “I was a foreigner in a foreign land”, | |
| Ex 18:4 | וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר כִּֽי־אֱלֹהֵ֤י אָבִי֙ בְּעֶזְרִ֔י וַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִי מֵחֶ֥רֶב פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | and the name of the other was Eliezer, because he had said, “The God of my father is present as my help, and he delivered me from Pharaoh's sword.” | the other ← the one. |
| Ex 18:5 | וַיָּבֹ֞א יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה וּבָנָ֥יו וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר אֲשֶׁר־ה֛וּא חֹנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Then Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses in the desert where he was encamped at the mountain of God, |
Jethro: see Ex 3:1.
in the desert ← to the desert. |
| Ex 18:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲנִ֛י חֹתֶנְךָ֥ יִתְר֖וֹ בָּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יךָ וְאִ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶ֖יהָ עִמָּֽהּ׃ | and he said to Moses, “I, Jethro your father-in-law, have come to you, as have your wife and her two sons with her.” |
Jethro: see Ex 3:1.
have come ← am coming, but the journey is as good as complete. |
| Ex 18:7 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־ל֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃ | And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and he bowed and kissed him, and each asked how the other was, and they went to the tent. | how the other was ← about peace. |
| Ex 18:8 | וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses told his father-in-law everything the Lord had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt for the sake of Israel, and all the hardship which they had met with on the way and how the Lord had delivered them. | which they had met with ← which had found them. |
| Ex 18:9 | וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִצִּיל֖וֹ מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Jethro rejoiced at all the good which the Lord had done to Israel in delivering them from Egypt's grip. |
Jethro: see Ex 3:1.
in delivering ← that he delivered. them ← it / him. grip ← hand. |
| Ex 18:10 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרַ֖יִם וּמִיַּ֣ד פַּרְעֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִצִּיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Jethro said, “Blessed is the Lord, who delivered you from Egypt's grip and from Pharaoh's grip – who delivered the people from being in the grip of Egypt. |
Jethro: see Ex 3:1.
grip (3x) ← hand. in ← under. |
| Ex 18:11 | עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י בַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Now I know that the Lord is greater than any of the gods, for it is apparent in the matter where they acted insolently against them.” |
any ← all.
they ... them: i.e. Egypt ... Israel. AV differs substantially. |
| Ex 18:12 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices to God, and Aaron came, as did all the elders of Israel, to eat bread before God with Moses' father-in-law. |
Jethro: see Ex 3:1.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ex 18:13 | וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הָעָם֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן־הַבֹּ֖קֶר עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that Moses sat down to judge the people, and the people stood before Moses from the morning until the evening. | before ← at. |
| Ex 18:14 | וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב׃ | And Moses' father-in-law saw everything that he was doing with the people, and he said, “What is this business that you are doing with the people? Why are you sitting on your own while all the people are standing opposite you from morning to evening?” |
with (2x) ← for, concerning.
opposite ← at. |
| Ex 18:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א אֵלַ֛י הָעָ֖ם לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people have come to me to consult God. | |
| Ex 18:16 | כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֣ין רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃ | If they have an issue, they come to me and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and I make God's statutes and his laws known.” | they come ← it / he comes, so perhaps referring to the issue. But they (individually) is justifiable. |
| Ex 18:17 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו לֹא־טוֹב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | Then Moses' father-in-law said to him, “The thing you are doing isn't right. | right ← good. |
| Ex 18:18 | נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֕ה גַּם־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּךָ֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ | You will utterly exhaust yourself, both you and this people which is with you, for the procedure is too burdensome for you; you cannot do it on your own. |
you will utterly exhaust yourself ← to fade you will fade. An infinitive absolute.
the procedure is too burdensome ← the thing (is) too heavy. |
| Ex 18:19 | עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ וִיהִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּ֑ךְ הֱיֵ֧ה אַתָּ֣ה לָעָ֗ם מ֚וּל הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ אַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | So now listen to me. I will advise you, and may God be with you. Be in the service of the people yourself opposite God, and bring the cases to God, | listen to me ← hear at my voice. |
| Ex 18:20 | וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹ֑ת וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֗ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔הּ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֽׂוּן׃ | and instruct them in the statutes and the laws, and make known to them the way which they should go, and the things which they should do. |
instruct: or admonish.
things ← deed. |
| Ex 18:21 | וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל־הָ֠עָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֜יִל יִרְאֵ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י אֱמֶ֖ת שֹׂ֣נְאֵי בָ֑צַע וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵהֶ֗ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃ | But select from all the people men of valour, who fear God, men of truth who hate dishonest gain, and appoint over the people men in charge of a thousand, men in charge of a hundred, men in charge of fifty and men in charge of ten. |
select ← see, but also select.
the people ← them. a thousand ... a hundred ...ten ← thousands... hundreds ... tens, attracted to the plural by the preceding word. |
| Ex 18:22 | וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃ | And they will judge the people all the time, and it will be the case that they will bring every major issue to you, but these men will judge every minor matter, and it will relieve you, and they will bear the burden with you. | |
| Ex 18:23 | אִ֣ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְצִוְּךָ֣ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְיָֽכָלְתָּ֖ עֲמֹ֑ד וְגַם֙ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־מְקֹמ֖וֹ יָבֹ֥א בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | If you do this thing, and God so instructs you, you will be able to cope, and also all this people will be able to go to their place in peace.” | cope ← stand. |
| Ex 18:24 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְק֣וֹל חֹתְנ֑וֹ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמָֽר׃ | And Moses concurred with his father-in-law, and he did everything he said. | concurred with ← heard the voice of. |
| Ex 18:25 | וַיִּבְחַ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם רָאשִׁ֖ים עַל־הָעָ֑ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃ | So Moses selected men of valour from the whole of Israel and appointed them as heads over the people: men in charge of a thousand, men in charge of a hundred, men in charge of fifty and men in charge of ten. | thousand ... hundred ... ten: plurals as in Ex 18:21. |
| Ex 18:26 | וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַקָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ הֵֽם׃ | And they judged the people all the time, but they brought any difficult matter to Moses, whereas they judged every minor matter themselves. | |
| Ex 18:27 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־חֹתְנ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ ל֖וֹ אֶל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Moses let his father-in-law go, and he went his way to his land. | |
| Ex 19:1 | בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לְצֵ֥את בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בָּ֖אוּ מִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | In the third month after the exodus of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, on the same day, they came to the Sinai Desert. | the same ← this. |
| Ex 19:2 | וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵרְפִידִ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיִּֽחַן־שָׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נֶ֥גֶד הָהָֽר׃ | And they travelled from Rephidim and came to the Sinai Desert, and they encamped in the desert. And Israel encamped there opposite the mountain. | |
| Ex 19:3 | וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה עָלָ֖ה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ מִן־הָהָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֤ה תֹאמַר֙ לְבֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְתַגֵּ֖יד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain and said, “This is what you will say to the house of Jacob and what you will tell the sons of Israel: | this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 19:4 | אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְמִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים וָאָבִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | ‘You have seen what I did to Egypt, when I lifted you up on the wings of eagles and brought you to me. | |
| Ex 19:5 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | So now, if you will rigorously obey me and keep my covenant, you will be a special acquisition of mine above all the nations, for the whole earth is mine. | rigorously obey me: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 19:6 | וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will be a kingdom of priests to me, and a holy nation.’ Those are the things which you will speak to the sons of Israel.” | Rev 1:6, Rev 5:10, Rev 20:6. |
| Ex 19:7 | וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֖א לְזִקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Moses came back and called the elders of the people, and he set before them all these things which the Lord had commanded him. | |
| Ex 19:8 | וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֤ם יַחְדָּו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וַיָּ֧שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then all the people answered together and said, “We will do everything that the Lord has said.” Moses then reported the words of the people to the Lord. | |
| Ex 19:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י בָּ֣א אֵלֶיךָ֮ בְּעַ֣ב הֶֽעָנָן֒ בַּעֲב֞וּר יִשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ בְּדַבְּרִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ וְגַם־בְּךָ֖ יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לְעוֹלָ֑ם וַיַּגֵּ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Behold, I am about to come to you in a thick cloud, so that the people may hear when I speak with you, and that they may believe you age-abidingly.” Moses then told the words of the people to the Lord. | a thick cloud ← darkness / thickness of the cloud. |
| Ex 19:10 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֑ר וְכִבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go to the people and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and they must wash their clothes. | |
| Ex 19:11 | וְהָי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י כִּ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י יֵרֵ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם עַל־הַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | And be prepared for the third day, for on the third day, the Lord will descend in the sight of all the people to Mount Sinai. | |
| Ex 19:12 | וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And restrict the people round about and say, ‘Be careful not to go up into the mountain or to touch its edge. Everyone who touches the mountain will certainly be put to death. | will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 19:13 | לֹא־תִגַּ֨ע בּ֜וֹ יָ֗ד כִּֽי־סָק֤וֹל יִסָּקֵל֙ אוֹ־יָרֹ֣ה יִיָּרֶ֔ה אִם־בְּהֵמָ֥ה אִם־אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יִחְיֶ֑ה בִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הַיֹּבֵ֔ל הֵ֖מָּה יַעֲל֥וּ בָהָֽר׃ | Let no hand touch it, otherwise he will certainly be stoned or shot through; whether beast or man, he shall not live.’ When the horn is sounded then they will go up into the mountain.” |
Heb 12:20.
will certainly be stoned ... or shot through: both infinitive absolute. horn is sounded ← protracted-sound (of the horn) is drawn out. |
| Ex 19:14 | וַיֵּ֧רֶד מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִן־הָהָ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וַיְקַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְכַבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃ | Then Moses came down from the mountain to the people, and he sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes. | |
| Ex 19:15 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם הֱי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים אַֽל־תִּגְּשׁ֖וּ אֶל־אִשָּֽׁה׃ | And he said to the people, “Be prepared; do not approach your wife for three days.” | |
| Ex 19:16 | וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass on the third day while it was morning that there were sounds and lightning flashes and a dense cloud at the mountain, and a very loud sound of a ramshorn, and all the people who were in the camp trembled. |
sounds: or voices. Used further on in this verse of the sound of a horn.
dense ← heavy. |
| Ex 19:17 | וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃ | Then Moses brought the people out from the camp to meet God, and they stood at the bottom of the mountain. | stood: or stationed themselves. |
| Ex 19:18 | וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃ | And Mount Sinai was smoke all over, because the Lord had descended onto it with fire, and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain trembled greatly. | all over ← all of it. |
| Ex 19:19 | וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃ | And when the sound of the ramshorn resounded very loudly, Moses spoke, and God answered him with a voice. | resounded very loudly ← went and (was) very strong. |
| Ex 19:20 | וַיֵּ֧רֶד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־הַ֥ר סִינַ֖י אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוָ֧ה לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָ֖ר וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And the Lord descended onto Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain, and the Lord called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. | |
| Ex 19:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רֵ֖ד הָעֵ֣ד בָּעָ֑ם פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְנָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ רָֽב׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go down and testify to the people not to break through to the Lord to see him, whereby many of them would fall down dead. |
whereby: wider use of the vav.
them ← it, referring to the people. |
| Ex 19:22 | וְגַ֧ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים הַנִּגָּשִׁ֥ים אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ פֶּן־יִפְרֹ֥ץ בָּהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And let the priests who also approach the Lord sanctify themselves, in case the Lord breaks out against them.” | |
| Ex 19:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל הָעָ֔ם לַעֲלֹ֖ת אֶל־הַ֣ר סִינָ֑י כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הַעֵדֹ֤תָה בָּ֙נוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַגְבֵּ֥ל אֶת־הָהָ֖ר וְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | Then Moses said to the Lord, “The people will not be able to come up to Mount Sinai, for you testified to us and said, ‘Delimit the mountain and sanctify it.’ ” | |
| Ex 19:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ לֶךְ־רֵ֔ד וְעָלִ֥יתָ אַתָּ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהָעָ֗ם אַל־יֶֽהֶרְס֛וּ לַעֲלֹ֥ת אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה פֶּן־יִפְרָץ־בָּֽם׃ | And the Lord said to him, “Go, go down and come up, you and Aaron with you, but do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to the Lord, in case he breaks out against them.” | |
| Ex 19:25 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ ס | So Moses went down to the people and spoke to them. | |
| Ex 20:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | Then God spoke all these things and said, | |
| Ex 20:2 | אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִֽ֑ים׃ | “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of a house of slavery. |
|| Deut 5:6.
slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Ex 20:3 | לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ | You shall not have any other gods besides me. |
|| Deut 5:7. Commandment 1.
besides me ← upon / alongside my face. |
| Ex 20:4 | לֹֽ֣א תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֙סֶל֙ ׀ וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֙יִם֙ ׀ מִמַּ֡֔עַל וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתַָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם ׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ | You shall not make yourself any engraved image or any image of what is in heaven above or of what is on the earth below, or of what is in the water below the surface of the earth. |
|| Deut 5:8. Commandment 2.
any ← every. |
| Ex 20:5 | לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֮ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן אָבֹ֧ת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י׃ | You shall not worship them, and you shall not serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the sons, and on those of the third generation, and on those of the fourth generation, of those who hate me, |
|| Deut 5:9.
serve ← be made to serve (hophal), but [ST] gives the same meaning as qal, to serve. |
| Ex 20:6 | וְעֹ֥֤שֶׂה חֶ֖֙סֶד֙ לַאֲלָפִ֑֔ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽי׃ ס | and showing kindness to thousands, to those who love me and to those who keep my commandments. | || Deut 5:10. |
| Ex 20:7 | לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לַשָּֽׁוְא׃ פ | You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him who takes his name in vain innocent. |
Matt 5:33.
|| Deut 5:11. Commandment 3. vain (2x): or falsity. |
| Ex 20:8 | זָכ֛וֹר֩ אֶת־י֥֨וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖֜ת לְקַדְּשֽׁ֗וֹ | Remember the Sabbath day, to sanctify it. |
|| Deut 5:12. Commandment 4.
remember: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Ex 20:9 | שֵׁ֤֣שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒ | For six days you shall work and carry out all your business, | || Deut 5:13. |
| Ex 20:10 | וְי֙וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ | but the seventh day is the Lord your God's Sabbath. You shall not do any work on it – neither you nor your son nor your daughter, neither your manservant nor your maidservant, nor your cattle, nor your foreigner who is within your gates. |
|| Deut 5:14.
any ← every. |
| Ex 20:11 | כִּ֣י שֵֽׁשֶׁת־יָמִים֩ עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔ם וַיָּ֖נַח בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃ ס | For in six days the Lord made heaven and the earth and the sea, and everything that is in them, and on the seventh day he rested, which is why the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it. | |
| Ex 20:12 | כַּבֵּ֥ד אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִכ֣וּן יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ ס | Honour your father and your mother, in order that your days may be long on the land which the Lord your God is giving you. |
Matt 15:4, Matt 19:19, Mark 7:10, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Eph 6:2, Eph 6:3.
|| Deut 5:16. Commandment 5. be long ← lengthen. land ← ground. |
| Ex 20:13 | לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽ֖ח׃ ס | You shall not commit murder. |
Matt 5:21, Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9, James 2:11.
|| Deut 5:17. Commandment 6. commit murder: AV differs (kill), suggesting a wider application. |
| Ex 20:14 | לֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס | You shall not commit adultery. |
Matt 5:27, Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9, James 2:11.
|| Deut 5:18. Commandment 7. |
| Ex 20:15 | לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס | You shall not steal. |
Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9.
|| Deut 5:19. Commandment 8. |
| Ex 20:16 | לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס | You shall not give a false testimony against your neighbour. |
Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9RP‑marg,TR.
|| Deut 5:20. Commandment 9. give ← testify. |
| Ex 20:17 | לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ וְשׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ׃ פ | You shall not covet your neighbour's house; you shall not covet your neighbour's wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything which is your neighbour's.” |
Rom 7:7, Rom 13:9.
|| Deut 5:21. Commandment 10. anything ← everything. |
| Ex 20:18 | וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃ | And all the people experienced the thunderings and the flames with the sound of the ramshorn and the mountain smoking, and when the people saw it, they were perturbed, and they stood at a distance. |
experienced ← saw, but including hearing noises.
thunderings ← noises, voices. with ← and. |
| Ex 20:19 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה דַּבֵּר־אַתָּ֥ה עִמָּ֖נוּ וְנִשְׁמָ֑עָה וְאַל־יְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּ֛נוּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים פֶּן־נָמֽוּת׃ | And they said to Moses, “You speak with us, and we will listen, but don't let God speak with us, so that we don't die.” | |
| Ex 20:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־הָעָם֮ אַל־תִּירָאוּ֒ כִּ֗י לְבַֽעֲבוּר֙ נַסּ֣וֹת אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּ֖א הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבַעֲב֗וּר תִּהְיֶ֧ה יִרְאָת֛וֹ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י תֶחֱטָֽאוּ׃ | Then Moses said to the people, “Don't be afraid, for God has come in order to test you, and so that fear of him should be prominent in your minds, so that you do not sin.” |
be afraid ... fear: the words are from the same root ירא, but there is no contradiction, as the semantic scope is wider, covering bad fear and good fear.
prominent in your minds ← in front of your faces. |
| Ex 20:21 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד הָעָ֖ם מֵרָחֹ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ נִגַּ֣שׁ אֶל־הָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | So the people stood at a distance, but Moses approached the thick cloud where God was. | |
| Ex 20:22 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֹּ֥ה תֹאמַ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם כִּ֚י מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “This is what you will say to the sons of Israel: ‘You have seen that I spoke with you from heaven. |
The direct speech ends at Ex 23:33.
this is what ← thus. say: i.e. on behalf of God. with you: you plural. |
| Ex 20:23 | לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּן אִתִּ֑י אֱלֹ֤הֵי כֶ֙סֶף֙ וֵאלֹהֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | You shall not make gods of silver competing with me, nor shall you make yourselves gods of gold. |
you: plural.
make ... make: in a Hebrew “VOOV” (verb object and object verb) sentence, typical of Hebrew but unnatural in English. |
| Ex 20:24 | מִזְבַּ֣ח אֲדָמָה֮ תַּעֲשֶׂה־לִּי֒ וְזָבַחְתָּ֣ עָלָ֗יו אֶת־עֹלֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמֶ֔יךָ אֶת־צֹֽאנְךָ֖ וְאֶת־בְּקָרֶ֑ךָ בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַזְכִּ֣יר אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י אָב֥וֹא אֵלֶ֖יךָ וּבֵרַכְתִּֽיךָ׃ | You shall make me an altar of earth, and you shall sacrifice your burnt offerings on it, and your peace-offerings, and your sheep, and your oxen. Everywhere where I cause my name to be remembered I will come to you and bless you. | you: singular (and so to the end of the chapter). |
| Ex 20:25 | וְאִם־מִזְבַּ֤ח אֲבָנִים֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֔י לֹֽא־תִבְנֶ֥ה אֶתְהֶ֖ן גָּזִ֑ית כִּ֧י חַרְבְּךָ֛ הֵנַ֥פְתָּ עָלֶ֖יהָ וַתְּחַֽלְלֶֽהָ׃ | And if you make me an altar of stone, you shall not build it with hewn stones, for if you apply your cutting blade to it, you defile it. |
stone ← stones.
build it with ← build them (referring to stones) (as). apply ← lift / wave / wield. cutting blade: the word normally means a sword. |
| Ex 20:26 | וְלֹֽא־תַעֲלֶ֥ה בְמַעֲלֹ֖ת עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֑י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו׃ פ | And you shall not go up to my altar by steps, so that your nakedness is not exposed at it.’ | |
| Ex 21:1 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּשִׂ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And these are the principles of justice which you will set out before them. | principles of justice ← judgments / justices / laws. |
| Ex 21:2 | כִּ֤י תִקְנֶה֙ עֶ֣בֶד עִבְרִ֔י שֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים יַעֲבֹ֑ד וּבַ֨שְּׁבִעִ֔ת יֵצֵ֥א לַֽחָפְשִׁ֖י חִנָּֽם׃ | If you acquire a Hebrew servant, he will serve for six years, then in the seventh year, he will go out free, without any claim on him. | without any claim ← gratis. |
| Ex 21:3 | אִם־בְּגַפּ֥וֹ יָבֹ֖א בְּגַפּ֣וֹ יֵצֵ֑א אִם־בַּ֤עַל אִשָּׁה֙ ה֔וּא וְיָצְאָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | If he comes on his own, he will go out on his own; if he is the husband of a wife, then his wife will go out with him. | |
| Ex 21:4 | אִם־אֲדֹנָיו֙ יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֔ה וְיָלְדָה־ל֥וֹ בָנִ֖ים א֣וֹ בָנ֑וֹת הָאִשָּׁ֣ה וִילָדֶ֗יהָ תִּהְיֶה֙ לַֽאדֹנֶ֔יהָ וְה֖וּא יֵצֵ֥א בְגַפּֽוֹ׃ | If his master gives him a wife, and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children will be her master's, and he will go out on his own. | |
| Ex 21:5 | וְאִם־אָמֹ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ הָעֶ֔בֶד אָהַ֙בְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֔י אֶת־אִשְׁתִּ֖י וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑י לֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א חָפְשִֽׁי׃ | If the servant positively says, ‘I love my master, my wife and my sons; I will not go out free’, | positively says: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:6 | וְהִגִּישׁ֤וֹ אֲדֹנָיו֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהִגִּישׁוֹ֙ אֶל־הַדֶּ֔לֶת א֖וֹ אֶל־הַמְּזוּזָ֑ה וְרָצַ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֤יו אֶת־אָזְנוֹ֙ בַּמַּרְצֵ֔עַ וַעֲבָד֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽם׃ ס | then his master will bring him to the representatives of God, then he will bring him to the door or to the doorpost, and his master will bore through his ear with an awl, and he will serve him indefinitely. |
the representatives of God: or God. AV differs somewhat (the judges). Compare Ex 22:7 (Ex 22:8AV), and Ex 22:8 (Ex 22:9AV) where the verb is plural.
indefinitely ← for an age. |
| Ex 21:7 | וְכִֽי־יִמְכֹּ֥ר אִ֛ישׁ אֶת־בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאָמָ֑ה לֹ֥א תֵצֵ֖א כְּצֵ֥את הָעֲבָדִֽים׃ | And if a man sells his daughter as a maidservant, she will not go out as menservants go out. | |
| Ex 21:8 | אִם־רָעָ֞ה בְּעֵינֵ֧י אֲדֹנֶ֛יהָ אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֥וֹ יְעָדָ֖הּ וְהֶפְדָּ֑הּ לְעַ֥ם נָכְרִ֛י לֹא־יִמְשֹׁ֥ל לְמָכְרָ֖הּ בְּבִגְדוֹ־בָֽהּ׃ | If she is bad in the sight of her master who {Q: appointed her to himself} [K: did not appoint her], then he will have her redeemed. He shall not have authority to sell her to a foreign nation in his deceitful dealing with her. |
to himself (qeré)... not (ketiv): the ketiv is probably a variant spelling of the qeré.
appointed: simply appointed as a servant? AV differs (betrothed), which is possible here, but that is not the meaning outside this chapter. |
| Ex 21:9 | וְאִם־לִבְנ֖וֹ יִֽיעָדֶ֑נָּה כְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַבָּנ֖וֹת יַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽהּ׃ | And if he appoints her for his son, he will deal with her according to the custom for daughters. |
appoints: see Ex 21:8.
for ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 21:10 | אִם־אַחֶ֖רֶת יִֽקַּֽח־ל֑וֹ שְׁאֵרָ֛הּ כְּסוּתָ֥הּ וְעֹנָתָ֖הּ לֹ֥א יִגְרָֽע׃ | If he takes another woman to wife, he shall not diminish her food and clothing and marital rights. | |
| Ex 21:11 | וְאִם־שְׁלָ֨שׁ־אֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לָ֑הּ וְיָצְאָ֥ה חִנָּ֖ם אֵ֥ין כָּֽסֶף׃ ס | If he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out without claim on her, without financial consequences. |
claim: see Ex 21:2.
without financial consequences ← no money (comes into it). |
| Ex 21:12 | מַכֵּ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ וָמֵ֖ת מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | He who strikes a man so that he dies shall certainly be put to death. |
so that: purposive use of the vav (with a hint of result, but see the next verse).
shall certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:13 | וַאֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צָדָ֔ה וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אִנָּ֣ה לְיָד֑וֹ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ מָק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנ֖וּס שָֽׁמָּה׃ ס | But if he did not deliberately kill him, but God caused him to cross paths with him, then I will appoint you a place to which he can flee. |
deliberately kill ← lie in wait for.
caused him to cross paths with him ← caused to happen to his hand. |
| Ex 21:14 | וְכִֽי־יָזִ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ עַל־רֵעֵ֖הוּ לְהָרְג֣וֹ בְעָרְמָ֑ה מֵעִ֣ם מִזְבְּחִ֔י תִּקָּחֶ֖נּוּ לָמֽוּת׃ ס | But when a man is incensed against his neighbour to the point of deliberately killing him, you will take him from my altar to be put to death. |
deliberately: or by craftiness. [CB] suggests that the man is to be taken from the altar where he seeks refuge.
be put to death ← die. |
| Ex 21:15 | וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָבִ֛יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And he who strikes his father or his mother will certainly be put to death. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:16 | וְגֹנֵ֨ב אִ֧ישׁ וּמְכָר֛וֹ וְנִמְצָ֥א בְיָד֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ ס | And he who abducts a man and sells him, or if the man is found in his power, he will certainly be put to death. |
power ← hand.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:17 | וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ ס | And he who curses his father or his mother will certainly be put to death. |
Matt 15:4, Mark 7:10.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:18 | וְכִֽי־יְרִיבֻ֣ן אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ֙ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ בְּאֶ֖בֶן א֣וֹ בְאֶגְרֹ֑ף וְלֹ֥א יָמ֖וּת וְנָפַ֥ל לְמִשְׁכָּֽב׃ | And if men argue, and a man strikes his neighbour with a stone or with his fist, and he doesn't die, but becomes bed-ridden, | becomes bed-ridden ← falls to a bed. |
| Ex 21:19 | אִם־יָק֞וּם וְהִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּח֛וּץ עַל־מִשְׁעַנְתּ֖וֹ וְנִקָּ֣ה הַמַּכֶּ֑ה רַ֥ק שִׁבְתּ֛וֹ יִתֵּ֖ן וְרַפֹּ֥א יְרַפֵּֽא׃ ס | then if he recovers and can walk about outside with his stick, then he who struck him will be acquitted, except that he will compensate him for his time recovering, and he will see to a complete recovery. |
time recovering ← lying.
he will see to a complete recovery: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:20 | וְכִֽי־יַכֶּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֜וֹ א֤וֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔בֶט וּמֵ֖ת תַּ֣חַת יָד֑וֹ נָקֹ֖ם יִנָּקֵֽם׃ | And if a man strikes his manservant or his maidservant with a stick, and he or she dies when under his charge, he will certainly be avenged. |
charge ← hand.
he will certainly be avenged: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:21 | אַ֥ךְ אִם־י֛וֹם א֥וֹ יוֹמַ֖יִם יַעֲמֹ֑ד לֹ֣א יֻקַּ֔ם כִּ֥י כַסְפּ֖וֹ הֽוּא׃ ס | But if after a day or two he can stand, he will not be avenged, because he is his source of income. | income ← money. |
| Ex 21:22 | וְכִֽי־יִנָּצ֣וּ אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וְנָ֨גְפ֜וּ אִשָּׁ֤ה הָרָה֙ וְיָצְא֣וּ יְלָדֶ֔יהָ וְלֹ֥א יִהְיֶ֖ה אָס֑וֹן עָנ֣וֹשׁ יֵעָנֵ֗שׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָשִׁ֤ית עָלָיו֙ בַּ֣עַל הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנָתַ֖ן בִּפְלִלִֽים׃ | And if men quarrel and strike a pregnant woman and her unborn baby miscarries, but there is no further injury, he will certainly be punished according to what the husband of the woman imposes on him, and he will pay in the presence of the judges. |
her unborn baby miscarries ← her children come out.
he will certainly be punished: infinitive absolute. pay ← give. in the presence of the judges: AV differs somewhat (as the judges determine). |
| Ex 21:23 | וְאִם־אָס֖וֹן יִהְיֶ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֥ה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | If there is further injury, you will impose life for life, | life (2x) ← soul. |
| Ex 21:24 | עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן יָ֚ד תַּ֣חַת יָ֔ד רֶ֖גֶל תַּ֥חַת רָֽגֶל׃ | an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot, | Matt 5:38. |
| Ex 21:25 | כְּוִיָּה֙ תַּ֣חַת כְּוִיָּ֔ה פֶּ֖צַע תַּ֣חַת פָּ֑צַע חַבּוּרָ֕ה תַּ֖חַת חַבּוּרָֽה׃ ס | a burn for a burn, a wound for a wound, scarring for scarring. | scarring (2x): or a weal. |
| Ex 21:26 | וְכִֽי־יַכֶּ֨ה אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־עֵ֥ין עַבְדּ֛וֹ אֽוֹ־אֶת־עֵ֥ין אֲמָת֖וֹ וְשִֽׁחֲתָ֑הּ לַֽחָפְשִׁ֥י יְשַׁלְּחֶ֖נּוּ תַּ֥חַת עֵינֽוֹ׃ ס | If a man strikes his manservant's eye or his maidservant's eye and ruins it, he shall let him go free as compensation for his eye. | |
| Ex 21:27 | וְאִם־שֵׁ֥ן עַבְדּ֛וֹ אֽוֹ־שֵׁ֥ן אֲמָת֖וֹ יַפִּ֑יל לַֽחָפְשִׁ֥י יְשַׁלְּחֶ֖נּוּ תַּ֥חַת שִׁנּֽוֹ׃ פ | If he knocks out a tooth of his manservant's or a tooth of his maidservant's, he will let him go free as compensation for his tooth. | knocks out ← makes fall. |
| Ex 21:28 | וְכִֽי־יִגַּ֨ח שׁ֥וֹר אֶת־אִ֛ישׁ א֥וֹ אֶת־אִשָּׁ֖ה וָמֵ֑ת סָק֨וֹל יִסָּקֵ֜ל הַשּׁ֗וֹר וְלֹ֤א יֵאָכֵל֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֔וֹ וּבַ֥עַל הַשּׁ֖וֹר נָקִֽי׃ | And if an ox butts a man or a woman and he or she dies, the ox will certainly be stoned and its flesh will not be eaten, and the owner of the ox will be innocent. | will certainly be stoned: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:29 | וְאִ֡ם שׁוֹר֩ נַגָּ֨ח ה֜וּא מִתְּמֹ֣ל שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ם וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ וְהֵמִ֥ית אִ֖ישׁ א֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֑ה הַשּׁוֹר֙ יִסָּקֵ֔ל וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו יוּמָֽת׃ | But if the ox had been prone to butting for some time, and it had been solemnly stated to its owner, but he did not keep it securely, and the ox killed a man or a woman, it shall be stoned, and also its owner shall be put to death. |
prone to butting ← a “butter”.
for some time ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. solemnly stated ← testified. |
| Ex 21:30 | אִם־כֹּ֖פֶר יוּשַׁ֣ת עָלָ֑יו וְנָתַן֙ פִּדְיֹ֣ן נַפְשׁ֔וֹ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יוּשַׁ֖ת עָלָֽיו׃ | If bail is imposed on him, then he must make the bail payment for his life according to everything that was imposed on him. |
bail ← ransom. Perhaps translate damages here.
bail payment ← redemption payment. life ← soul. |
| Ex 21:31 | אוֹ־בֵ֥ן יִגָּ֖ח אוֹ־בַ֣ת יִגָּ֑ח כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט הַזֶּ֖ה יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ׃ | Whether it butts a son or butts a daughter, the matter will be dealt with for him according to this law. | |
| Ex 21:32 | אִם־עֶ֛בֶד יִגַּ֥ח הַשּׁ֖וֹר א֣וֹ אָמָ֑ה כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֗ים יִתֵּן֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔יו וְהַשּׁ֖וֹר יִסָּקֵֽל׃ ס | If the ox butts a manservant or a maidservant, the owner shall give thirty shekels of silver to the servant's master and the ox will be stoned. |
On the need to supply nouns in English, compare Gen 41:13.
shekels of silver ← silver of shekels. |
| Ex 21:33 | וְכִֽי־יִפְתַּ֨ח אִ֜ישׁ בּ֗וֹר א֠וֹ כִּֽי־יִכְרֶ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ בֹּ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יְכַסֶּ֑נּוּ וְנָֽפַל־שָׁ֥מָּה שּׁ֖וֹר א֥וֹ חֲמֽוֹר׃ | And if a man opens up a pit or a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or donkey falls into it, | into it ← to there. |
| Ex 21:34 | בַּ֤עַל הַבּוֹר֙ יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם כֶּ֖סֶף יָשִׁ֣יב לִבְעָלָ֑יו וְהַמֵּ֖ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּֽוֹ׃ ס | the owner of the pit shall pay money in compensation to its owner, and the dead animal will be his. | shall pay money in compensation ← shall pay money shall restore. |
| Ex 21:35 | וְכִֽי־יִגֹּ֧ף שֽׁוֹר־אִ֛ישׁ אֶת־שׁ֥וֹר רֵעֵ֖הוּ וָמֵ֑ת וּמָ֨כְר֜וּ אֶת־הַשּׁ֤וֹר הַחַי֙ וְחָצ֣וּ אֶת־כַּסְפּ֔וֹ וְגַ֥ם אֶת־הַמֵּ֖ת יֶֽחֱצֽוּן׃ | And if a man's ox butts a neighbour's ox, and it dies, they shall sell the ox that is alive, and they will divide the proceeds of it, and they will also share the dead animal. |
butts ← strikes, root נגף, not נגח, the word used elsewhere in this chapter in this sense.
the proceeds of it ← its money. |
| Ex 21:36 | א֣וֹ נוֹדַ֗ע כִּ֠י שׁ֣וֹר נַגָּ֥ח הוּא֙ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמְרֶ֖נּוּ בְּעָלָ֑יו שַׁלֵּ֨ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שׁוֹר֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר וְהַמֵּ֖ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּֽוֹ׃ ס | But if it was known that the ox had been prone to butting for some time, and its owner had not kept it securely, he shall certainly pay an ox for an ox, and the dead ox will be his. |
prone to butting: see Ex 21:29.
for some time: see Ex 21:29. he shall certainly pay: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 21:37 Ex 22:1AV |
כִּ֤י יִגְנֹֽב־אִישׁ֙ שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֔ה וּטְבָח֖וֹ א֣וֹ מְכָר֑וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בָקָ֗ר יְשַׁלֵּם֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר וְאַרְבַּע־צֹ֖אן תַּ֥חַת הַשֶּֽׂה׃ | If a man steals an ox or sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall repay five oxen for the ox, and four sheep for the sheep. | oxen ... ox ... sheep ... sheep: the Hebrew uses four different words, which we could render head of cattle ... ox ... head of small cattle ... sheep. |
| Ex 22:1 Ex 22:2AV |
אִם־בַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב וְהֻכָּ֣ה וָמֵ֑ת אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּמִֽים׃ | If a burglar is caught breaking in and is struck down and dies, the striker has no guilt of bloodshed. |
is caught ← is found.
breaking in ← in the digging in. guilt of bloodshed ← bloods. |
| Ex 22:2 Ex 22:3AV |
אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃ | If the striker does it in broad daylight, he is guilty of bloodshed. Otherwise, the burglar must certainly repay, and if he does not have the means, he will be sold for his burglary. |
striker ... burglar ← he ... he. The verse may be open to other interpretations.
in broad daylight ← the sun rises on him. must certainly repay: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:3 Ex 22:4AV |
אִֽם־הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א בְיָד֜וֹ הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה מִשּׁ֧וֹר עַד־חֲמ֛וֹר עַד־שֶׂ֖ה חַיִּ֑ים שְׁנַ֖יִם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ ס | If the stolen goods are plainly found in his possession, whether an ox or a donkey or a sheep, alive, he shall repay double. |
are plainly found: infinitive absolute.
possession ← hand. repay ← pay. |
| Ex 22:4 Ex 22:5AV |
כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־*בעירה **בְּעִיר֔וֹ וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ ס | If a man consumes the produce of a field or vineyard, or sends his cattle in, and it feeds in the fields of another person, on the best part of his field or on the best part of his vineyard, he shall pay compensation. |
his cattle: qeré. The ketiv ending is a hé as in Gen 13:3.
or sends ... or on: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Ex 22:5 Ex 22:6AV |
כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ וּמָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְנֶאֱכַ֣ל גָּדִ֔ישׁ א֥וֹ הַקָּמָ֖ה א֣וֹ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם הַמַּבְעִ֖ר אֶת־הַבְּעֵרָֽה׃ ס | If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorns, and a stack of corn or the standing corn or the field is consumed, he who lit the fire will certainly pay compensation for the fire-damage. |
spreads to ← finds.
will certainly pay: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:6 Ex 22:7AV |
כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ כֶּ֤סֶף אֽוֹ־כֵלִים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגֻנַּ֖ב מִבֵּ֣ית הָאִ֑ישׁ אִם־יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנָֽיִם׃ | If a man gives his neighbour money or goods to keep for him, and they are stolen from the man's house, if the thief is found, he shall repay double. | repay ← pay. |
| Ex 22:7 Ex 22:8AV |
אִם־לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ הַגַּנָּ֔ב וְנִקְרַ֥ב בַּֽעַל־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | If the thief cannot be found, the owner of the house will approach the representatives of God to see whether he laid his hand on his neighbour's property or not. |
the representatives of God: or God. Compare Ex 21:6, and Ex 22:8 (Ex 22:9AV) where the verb is plural.
whether ... or not ← whether he did not .... |
| Ex 22:8 Ex 22:9AV |
עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ ס | For every criminal matter, for an ox, for a donkey, for a sheep, for an item of clothing, for any lost item which someone claims to be his, the dispute between the two of them will come to the representatives of God. The one the representatives of God condemn will pay double to his neighbour. |
any ← every.
dispute ← matter. the representatives of God ... the representatives of God: or God, but with a plural verb here. AV differs somewhat (judges). |
| Ex 22:9 Ex 22:10AV |
כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃ | If a man gives his neighbour a donkey or an ox, or a sheep, or any cattle to keep for him, and it dies or is wounded, or it is rustled with no-one seeing it, |
any ← every.
wounded ← broken, or mauled, but not the same word as mauled in Ex 22:12 (Ex 22:13AV). |
| Ex 22:10 Ex 22:11AV |
שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְלָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ | an oath to the Lord will be made between the two of them, that he did not lay his hand on his neighbour's property, and its owner will accept it, and the other will not have to pay. | |
| Ex 22:11 Ex 22:12AV |
וְאִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמּ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃ | But if it was evidently stolen from him, he will compensate its owner. |
evidently stolen: infinitive absolute.
compensate ← pay. |
| Ex 22:12 Ex 22:13AV |
אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ פ | If it has been badly mauled, let him bring the mauled animal as evidence, and he will not have to pay. | it has been badly mauled: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:13 Ex 22:14AV |
וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ | And if a man borrows anything from his neighbour, and it becomes wounded or dies, when the owner of it is not present, he will certainly pay compensation. |
borrows ← asks.
wounded ← broken. present ← with him. he will certainly pay: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:14 Ex 22:15AV |
אִם־בְּעָלָ֥יו עִמּ֖וֹ לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם אִם־שָׂכִ֣יר ה֔וּא בָּ֖א בִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃ ס | If the owner of it is present, he shall not pay; if he is a hired labourer, it is a matter of his hire arrangements. |
is present ← with him.
hired labourer: AV differs (hired thing). it is a matter of his hire arrangements ← it comes in his wages. |
| Ex 22:15 Ex 22:16AV |
וְכִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | If a man seduces a virgin who is not betrothed and lies with her, he will certainly purchase her as his wife with a dowry. | he will certainly purchase ... with a dowry: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:16 Ex 22:17AV |
אִם־מָאֵ֧ן יְמָאֵ֛ן אָבִ֖יהָ לְתִתָּ֣הּ ל֑וֹ כֶּ֣סֶף יִשְׁקֹ֔ל כְּמֹ֖הַר הַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃ ס | If her father resolutely refuses to give her to him, he shall weigh out silver according to the dowry of virgins. | resolutely refuses: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:17 Ex 22:18AV |
מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּֽה׃ ס | You shall not let a sorceress live. | |
| Ex 22:18 Ex 22:19AV |
כָּל־שֹׁכֵ֥ב עִם־בְּהֵמָ֖ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ ס | Everyone who lies with cattle will certainly be put to death. | will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:19 Ex 22:20AV |
זֹבֵ֥חַ לָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יָֽחֳרָ֑ם בִּלְתִּ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | He who sacrifices to any gods except the Lord alone will be solemnly executed. | will be solemnly executed ← will be devoted to destruction. |
| Ex 22:20 Ex 22:21AV |
וְגֵ֥ר לֹא־תוֹנֶ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | You shall not maltreat a foreigner or oppress him, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. | |
| Ex 22:21 Ex 22:22AV |
כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃ | You shall not ill-treat any widow or orphan. | any ← every. |
| Ex 22:22 Ex 22:23AV |
אִם־עַנֵּ֥ה תְעַנֶּ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־צָעֹ֤ק יִצְעַק֙ אֵלַ֔י שָׁמֹ֥עַ אֶשְׁמַ֖ע צַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃ | If you nevertheless ill-treat him, considering how he would doubtlessly cry out to me, I will certainly hear his crying out, | nevertheless ill-treat ... he would doubtlessly cry out ... I will certainly hear: all are infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:23 Ex 22:24AV |
וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְהָי֤וּ נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ אַלְמָנ֔וֹת וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃ פ | and my anger will be kindled, and I will kill you by the sword, and your wives will become widows, and your sons orphans. | |
| Ex 22:24 Ex 22:25AV |
אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה ל֖וֹ כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃ | If you lend money to my people – to the poor in your society – you shall not be as it were a lender at interest to him; you shall not impose interest on him. | in your society ← with you. |
| Ex 22:25 Ex 22:26AV |
אִם־חָבֹ֥ל תַּחְבֹּ֖ל שַׂלְמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֑ךָ עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לֽוֹ׃ | If you take your neighbour's clothing in a pledge at all, you shall return it to him by sunset. | take ... in a pledge at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 22:26 Ex 22:27AV |
כִּ֣י הִ֤וא *כסותה **כְסוּתוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ הִ֥וא שִׂמְלָת֖וֹ לְעֹר֑וֹ בַּמֶּ֣ה יִשְׁכָּ֔ב וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יִצְעַ֣ק אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖י כִּֽי־חַנּ֥וּן אָֽנִי׃ ס | For it is his only covering. It is his clothing for his skin. Otherwise, with what can he lie down? And it will be the case that if he cries out to me, I will hear him, for I am gracious. | his ... covering: qeré. The ketiv ending is a hé as in Gen 13:3. |
| Ex 22:27 Ex 22:28AV |
אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א תְקַלֵּ֑ל וְנָשִׂ֥יא בְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָאֹֽר׃ | You shall not despise the representatives of God, nor curse a leader among your people. |
Acts 23:5.
the representatives of God: or God. Compare Ex 21:6, and Ex 22:8 (Ex 22:9AV) where the verb is plural. |
| Ex 22:28 Ex 22:29AV |
מְלֵאָתְךָ֥ וְדִמְעֲךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנֶ֖יךָ תִּתֶּן־לִּֽי׃ | You shall not be late in offering your full produce or your extracted liquids. You shall give me the firstborn of your sons. |
extracted liquids ← juice ← tear, covering oil and wine.
you shall give me the firstborn: compare Ex 13:13-15. |
| Ex 22:29 Ex 22:30AV |
כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְשֹׁרְךָ֖ לְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה עִם־אִמּ֔וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י תִּתְּנוֹ־לִֽי׃ | This is what you shall do with your ox and your sheep: it shall be seven days with its mother, then on the eighth day you shall give it to me. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ex 22:30 Ex 22:31AV |
וְאַנְשֵׁי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּהְי֣וּן לִ֑י וּבָשָׂ֨ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה טְרֵפָה֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ לַכֶּ֖לֶב תַּשְׁלִכ֥וּן אֹתֽוֹ׃ ס | And you will be holy men to me, and you shall not eat flesh mauled in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs. | dogs ← dog. Collective use. |
| Ex 23:1 | לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ ס | You shall not raise a false report. Do not join the wicked in being a false witness. |
join ← put your hand with.
false ← violent, but here in the sense of doing violence to the law. |
| Ex 23:2 | לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרֵֽי־רַבִּ֖ים לְרָעֹ֑ת וְלֹא־תַעֲנֶ֣ה עַל־רִ֗ב לִנְטֹ֛ת אַחֲרֵ֥י רַבִּ֖ים לְהַטֹּֽת׃ | You shall not be a follower of the powerful in wicked deeds, and you shall not testify in a dispute by leaning towards the powerful, so perverting the course of justice. |
the powerful (2x): AV differs (a multitude ... many), also possible.
leaning towards ← inclining after. |
| Ex 23:3 | וְדָ֕ל לֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃ ס | Neither shall you favour the needy in his dispute. | favour ← adorn; reverence. |
| Ex 23:4 | כִּ֣י תִפְגַּ֞ע שׁ֧וֹר אֹֽיִבְךָ֛ א֥וֹ חֲמֹר֖וֹ תֹּעֶ֑ה הָשֵׁ֥ב תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ לֽוֹ׃ ס | If you come across your enemy's ox or donkey which is straying, you shall return it to him without fail. | return it ... without fail: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 23:5 | כִּֽי־תִרְאֶ֞ה חֲמ֣וֹר שֹׂנַאֲךָ֗ רֹבֵץ֙ תַּ֣חַת מַשָּׂא֔וֹ וְחָדַלְתָּ֖ מֵעֲזֹ֣ב ל֑וֹ עָזֹ֥ב תַּעֲזֹ֖ב עִמּֽוֹ׃ ס | If you see the donkey of someone who hates you lying under its burden, and you would decline to help it, you shall certainly help it. |
help ... certainly help: the more common meaning of the verb (עזב) is to leave. A homonym means to help, restore as in Deut 32:36, Neh 3:8, 1 Ki 14:10, Jer 49:25 [CB], but perhaps not [CB]'s 2 Ki 14:26. Infinitive absolute in the second occurrence.
it (second occurrence in verse) ← with it. |
| Ex 23:6 | לֹ֥א תַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃ | You shall not pervert the course of justice for the poor man among you in his dispute. |
for ← of.
the poor man among you ← your poor. |
| Ex 23:7 | מִדְּבַר־שֶׁ֖קֶר תִּרְחָ֑ק וְנָקִ֤י וְצַדִּיק֙ אַֽל־תַּהֲרֹ֔ג כִּ֥י לֹא־אַצְדִּ֖יק רָשָֽׁע׃ | Avoid false statements, and do not kill the innocent and righteous, for I will not pronounce the wicked righteous. |
avoid ← be distant from.
statements ← word; matter. |
| Ex 23:8 | וְשֹׁ֖חַד לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים׃ | And you shall not accept a bribe, for the bribe blinds the sighted and subverts the words of the righteous. | |
| Ex 23:9 | וְגֵ֖ר לֹ֣א תִלְחָ֑ץ וְאַתֶּ֗ם יְדַעְתֶּם֙ אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַגֵּ֔ר כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And you shall not oppress the foreigner, for you know the feelings of the foreigner, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. |
for: causal use of the vav.
feelings ← soul. |
| Ex 23:10 | וְשֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים תִּזְרַ֣ע אֶת־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ | Now for six years you shall sow your land and gather its produce, | |
| Ex 23:11 | וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְיִתְרָ֕ם תֹּאכַ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה כֵּֽן־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | but in the seventh year you shall leave it uncultivated and leave it fallow, so that the poor among your people may eat, and the wild animals can eat what they leave. So shall you also do with your vineyard and your olive grove. |
among ← of.
what they leave ← their remainder. |
| Ex 23:12 | שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת לְמַ֣עַן יָנ֗וּחַ שֽׁוֹרְךָ֙ וַחֲמֹרֶ֔ךָ וְיִנָּפֵ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲמָתְךָ֖ וְהַגֵּֽר׃ | For six days you can do your business, but on the seventh day you shall rest, in order that your ox and your donkey should rest, and the son of your maidservant and the foreigner should be refreshed. | business ← works. |
| Ex 23:13 | וּבְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּ וְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ׃ | And you shall take heed of everything that I have said to you, and you shall not make mention of the name of other gods – it shall not be heard from your mouth. | |
| Ex 23:14 | שָׁלֹ֣שׁ רְגָלִ֔ים תָּחֹ֥ג לִ֖י בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ | Three times per year you shall hold a festival to me. | The three festivals are (1) the Passover (Pesach, the Festival of the Unleavened Bread); (2) the Festival of Weeks (Shavuot, Pentecost, the Festival of the Firstfruits); (3) Tabernacles (Sukkot, the Festival of the Ingathering). The last two are a forward reference in the text. |
| Ex 23:15 | אֶת־חַ֣ג הַמַּצּוֹת֮ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִים֩ תֹּאכַ֨ל מַצּ֜וֹת כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֗ךָ לְמוֹעֵד֙ חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב כִּי־ב֖וֹ יָצָ֣אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃ | You shall keep the Festival of Unleavened Bread, when for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread as I commanded you, at the set time in the month of Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt, and {P: none shall see my face empty-handed} [M: my presence will not be seen in vain]; | An amendment to the pointing by the Sopherim. See [CB]. AV differs, reading the MT (none shall appear before Me empty). See Ex 34:23 for a grammatical argument in favour of the primitive reading. See also Deut 16:16. In Deut 31:11, [YLT] agrees with the primitive reading. See our Introduction. P= יִרְאוּ. |
| Ex 23:16 | וְחַ֤ג הַקָּצִיר֙ בִּכּוּרֵ֣י מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּזְרַ֖ע בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְחַ֤ג הָֽאָסִף֙ בְּצֵ֣את הַשָּׁנָ֔ה בְּאָסְפְּךָ֥ אֶֽת־מַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | and the Festival of the Harvest, the firstfruits of your labours, that which you sow in the field; and the Festival of the Ingathering, at the end of the year, when you gather your produce from the field. |
end ← going out.
produce ← works, but also produce. |
| Ex 23:17 | שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה יֵרָאֶה֙ כָּל־זְכ֣וּרְךָ֔ אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הָאָדֹ֥ן ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ | Three times per year all your male population shall appear in the presence of the Lord, the Lord. | the Lord, the Lord ← haAdon Yhvh. |
| Ex 23:18 | לֹֽא־תִזְבַּ֥ח עַל־חָמֵ֖ץ דַּם־זִבְחִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָלִ֥ין חֵֽלֶב־חַגִּ֖י עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread, and the fat of my festival shall not remain until the morning. | offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ex 23:19 | רֵאשִׁ֗ית בִּכּוּרֵי֙ אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ תָּבִ֕יא בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃ ס | You shall bring the prime firstfruits of your land to the house of the Lord your God. You shall not cook a goat-kid in its mother's milk. | |
| Ex 23:20 | הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ מַלְאָךְ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמָרְךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְלַהֲבִ֣יאֲךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲכִנֹֽתִי׃ | Behold, I am sending an angel out before you to keep you on the way and to bring you to the place which I have prepared. | |
| Ex 23:21 | הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִפָּנָ֛יו וּשְׁמַ֥ע בְּקֹל֖וֹ אַל־תַּמֵּ֣ר בּ֑וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשָּׂא֙ לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י שְׁמִ֖י בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | Be circumspect with him and obey him. Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon your transgression, for my name is central to him. |
obey him ← hear his voice.
central to him ← in his interior. |
| Ex 23:22 | כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽיךָ׃ | But if you diligently obey him and do everything that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies, and I will be an adversary to your adversaries. | diligently obey him: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 23:23 | כִּֽי־יֵלֵ֣ךְ מַלְאָכִי֮ לְפָנֶיךָ֒ וֶהֱבִֽיאֲךָ֗ אֶל־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וְהִכְחַדְתִּֽיו׃ | For my angel will go in front of you and bring you to the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Canaanite and the Hivite and the Jebusite, and I will annihilate them. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
them ← him. |
| Ex 23:24 | לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֤ה לֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א תָֽעָבְדֵ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כִּ֤י הָרֵס֙ תְּהָ֣רְסֵ֔ם וְשַׁבֵּ֥ר תְּשַׁבֵּ֖ר מַצֵּבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | You shall not worship their gods, and you shall not serve them, and you shall not do what they do, but you will utterly demolish them and thoroughly shatter their idolatrous statues. |
serve: see Ex 20:5.
do what they do ← do according to their doings. utterly demolish ... thoroughly shatter: both infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 23:25 | וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֵרַ֥ךְ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ וְאֶת־מֵימֶ֑יךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֥י מַחֲלָ֖ה מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | Rather, you will serve the Lord your God, and he will bless your bread and your water, and I will remove any sickness from your community. |
rather: wider use of the vav.
bread ... water: standing for food ... drink. community ← midst, interior. |
| Ex 23:26 | לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֛ה מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה וַעֲקָרָ֖ה בְּאַרְצֶ֑ךָ אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר יָמֶ֖יךָ אֲמַלֵּֽא׃ | You will not miscarry or be infertile in your land; I will fill the number of your days. | fill the number of your days: i.e. give you a full lifespan. |
| Ex 23:27 | אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃ | I will send dread of myself ahead of you, and I will rout all of any nation which you come to, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you. |
dread of myself: an objective genitive (they dread me).
make ← give; put; appoint. backs ← back, or back of neck. |
| Ex 23:28 | וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And I will send wasps in front of you, and they will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite and the Hittite before you. | wasps ... they ← the wasp ... it. |
| Ex 23:29 | לֹ֧א אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בְּשָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת פֶּן־תִּהְיֶ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְרַבָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | I will not drive them out before you in one year, so that the land does not become a desolation, and wild animals increase against you. | wild animals ← the animal of the field. |
| Ex 23:30 | מְעַ֥ט מְעַ֛ט אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְרֶ֔ה וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you increase in number and inherit the land. | increase in number ← become fruitful. |
| Ex 23:31 | וְשַׁתִּ֣י אֶת־גְּבֻלְךָ֗ מִיַּם־סוּף֙ וְעַד־יָ֣ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִמִּדְבָּ֖ר עַד־הַנָּהָ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּיֶדְכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְגֵרַשְׁתָּ֖מוֹ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | And I will set your border from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines and from the desert up to the river, for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. |
Red Sea ← Sedge Sea.
the Sea of the Philistines: i.e. the Mediterranean Sea. the river: according to [CB], the Euphrates. |
| Ex 23:32 | לֹֽא־תִכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם וְלֵאלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם בְּרִֽית׃ | You shall not make a covenant with them or with their gods. | or: a good example of disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Ex 23:33 | לֹ֤א יֵשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאַרְצְךָ֔ פֶּן־יַחֲטִ֥יאוּ אֹתְךָ֖ לִ֑י כִּ֤י תַעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ פ | They will not dwell in your land, so that they do not make you sin against me, for if you were to serve their gods, it would be a snare to you.” | |
| Ex 24:1 | וְאֶל־מֹשֶׁ֨ה אָמַ֜ר עֲלֵ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְאַהֲרֹן֙ נָדָ֣ב וַאֲבִיה֔וּא וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם מֵרָחֹֽק׃ | Then he said to Moses, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, and worship from a distance. | |
| Ex 24:2 | וְנִגַּ֨שׁ מֹשֶׁ֤ה לְבַדּוֹ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהֵ֖ם לֹ֣א יִגָּ֑שׁוּ וְהָעָ֕ם לֹ֥א יַעֲל֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And Moses alone shall approach the Lord, but they shall not approach. And the people shall not go up with him.” | |
| Ex 24:3 | וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר לָעָם֙ אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים וַיַּ֨עַן כָּל־הָעָ֜ם ק֤וֹל אֶחָד֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Moses then came and told the people all the Lord's words and all the injunctions, and all the people answered unanimously and said, “We will do all the things which the Lord has said.” |
injunctions ← judgments.
unanimously ← one voice. |
| Ex 24:4 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבֵּ֖חַ תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וּשְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ מַצֵּבָ֔ה לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses wrote down all the words of the Lord, and he got up early in the morning and built an altar under the mountain, and twelve pillars to the twelve tribes of Israel. | under: probably meaning at the foot of here. |
| Ex 24:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶֽת־נַעֲרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּֽעֲל֖וּ עֹלֹ֑ת וַֽיִּזְבְּח֞וּ זְבָחִ֧ים שְׁלָמִ֛ים לַיהוָ֖ה פָּרִֽים׃ | And he sent youths of the sons of Israel to offer burnt offerings and to offer peace-sacrifices of bulls to the Lord. | offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ex 24:6 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ חֲצִ֣י הַדָּ֔ם וַיָּ֖שֶׂם בָּאַגָּנֹ֑ת וַחֲצִ֣י הַדָּ֔ם זָרַ֖ק עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | Then Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and he sprinkled half of the blood on the altar. | |
| Ex 24:7 | וַיִּקַּח֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה וְנִשְׁמָֽע׃ | And he took the book of the covenant, and he read it in the audience of the people. And they said, “We will do and obey everything the Lord has said.” |
audience ← ears.
obey ← hear; heed. |
| Ex 24:8 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וַיִּזְרֹ֖ק עַל־הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה דַֽם־הַבְּרִית֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כָּרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם עַ֥ל כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then Moses took the blood and sprinkled it on the people and said, “Behold the blood of the covenant which the Lord has made with you concerning all these things.” | Heb 9:20. |
| Ex 24:9 | וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן נָדָב֙ וַאֲבִיה֔וּא וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Moses went up, as did Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel. | |
| Ex 24:10 | וַיִּרְא֕וּ אֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְתַ֣חַת רַגְלָ֗יו כְּמַעֲשֵׂה֙ לִבְנַ֣ת הַסַּפִּ֔יר וּכְעֶ֥צֶם הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָטֹֽהַר׃ | And they saw the God of Israel, and under his feet was a kind of artefact of clear sapphire, and like the sky itself in purity. | clear sapphire ← clearness of sapphire. AV differs somewhat (a sapphire stone). [BDB]= pavement. |
| Ex 24:11 | וְאֶל־אֲצִילֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֖ח יָד֑וֹ וַֽיֶּחֱזוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ ס | And he did not lay his hand on the noble men of the sons of Israel, and they beheld God, and they ate and drank. | |
| Ex 24:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה עֲלֵ֥ה אֵלַ֛י הָהָ֖רָה וֶהְיֵה־שָׁ֑ם וְאֶתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ אֶת־לֻחֹ֣ת הָאֶ֗בֶן וְהַתּוֹרָה֙ וְהַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּתַ֖בְתִּי לְהוֹרֹתָֽם׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Come up the mountain to me and be there, and I will give you the slabs of stone and the law and the commandments which I have written so as to instruct them.” | commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Ex 24:13 | וַיָּ֣קָם מֹשֶׁ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ מְשָׁרְת֑וֹ וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Moses arose, as did his servant Joshua, and Moses went up the mountain of God. | |
| Ex 24:14 | וְאֶל־הַזְּקֵנִ֤ים אָמַר֙ שְׁבוּ־לָ֣נוּ בָזֶ֔ה עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־נָשׁ֖וּב אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֨ה אַהֲרֹ֤ן וְחוּר֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם מִי־בַ֥עַל דְּבָרִ֖ים יִגַּ֥שׁ אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ | But he said to the elders, “Wait for us here until we return to you, and look, Aaron and Hur are with you. Let whoever has an issue approach them.” |
wait ← stay.
an issue ← words, things. |
| Ex 24:15 | וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הָהָ֑ר וַיְכַ֥ס הֶעָנָ֖ן אֶת־הָהָֽר׃ | Then Moses went up the mountain, and a cloud covered the mountain. | mountain ... mountain: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| Ex 24:16 | וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙ עַל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַיְכַסֵּ֥הוּ הֶעָנָ֖ן שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָֽן׃ | And the glory of the Lord rested on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days, then he called to Moses on the seventh day from within the cloud. | |
| Ex 24:17 | וּמַרְאֵה֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the appearance of the glory of the Lord was as a consuming fire on the summit of the mountain, in the sight of the sons of Israel. | |
| Ex 24:18 | וַיָּבֹ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָ֖ן וַיַּ֣עַל אֶל־הָהָ֑ר וַיְהִ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ בָּהָ֔ר אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה׃ פ | And Moses went inside the cloud, and he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain for forty days and forty nights. | |
| Ex 25:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 25:2 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה מֵאֵ֤ת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּ לִבּ֔וֹ תִּקְח֖וּ אֶת־תְּרוּמָתִֽי׃ | “Tell the sons of Israel to bring me a heave-offering. You shall take my heave-offering from every man whose heart wills it. |
The direct speech ends at Ex 30:10.
bring ← take. heave-offering ← lifting-up offering. |
| Ex 25:3 | וְזֹאת֙ הַתְּרוּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּקְח֖וּ מֵאִתָּ֑ם זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And this is the heave-offering which you shall take from them: gold and silver and copper, | |
| Ex 25:4 | וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים׃ | and blue and purple and scarlet material, and fine linen and goat's hair, | hair: not skin; it is spun in Ex 35:26. |
| Ex 25:5 | וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים׃ | and rams' skins dyed red, and badgers' skins and acacia wood, | |
| Ex 25:6 | שֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּאֹ֑ר בְּשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ | and lamp-oil, fragrances for anointing oil and for aromatic incense, | aromatic incense ← incense of aromatics. |
| Ex 25:7 | אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֕הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפֹ֖ד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | onyx gemstones, and stones for setting in the ephod and the breastplate. | |
| Ex 25:8 | וְעָ֥שׂוּ לִ֖י מִקְדָּ֑שׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֖י בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And they shall make me a sanctuary so that I may dwell in their midst, | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 25:9 | כְּכֹ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מַרְאֶ֣ה אוֹתְךָ֔ אֵ֚ת תַּבְנִ֣ית הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת תַּבְנִ֣ית כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְכֵ֖ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ ס | according to everything that I am about to show you – the model of the tabernacle and the model of all its equipment – and that is how you shall make it. |
Acts 7:44, Heb 8:5.
equipment: or accessories; articles. that is how ← thus. |
| Ex 25:10 | וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֲר֖וֹן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי אָרְכּ֗וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֙צִי֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits in length and one and a half cubits in width and one and a half cubits in height. |
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
in ... in ... in ← its ... its ... its. |
| Ex 25:11 | וְצִפִּיתָ֤ אֹתוֹ֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ תְּצַפֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ עָלָ֛יו זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will overlay it with pure gold; you will overlay it inside and outside, and you will make a golden edge on it all around. | |
| Ex 25:12 | וְיָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פַּעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְׁתֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל־צַלְעוֹ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּי֙ טַבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And you will cast four golden rings for it, and you will put them on its four corner-posts, with two rings on one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it. |
with ← and.
side (2x) ← rib. other ← second. |
| Ex 25:13 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בַדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And you shall make poles from acacia wood and overlay them with gold. | poles from ← poles of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 25:14 | וְהֵֽבֵאתָ֤ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הָאָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֥את אֶת־הָאָרֹ֖ן בָּהֶֽם׃ | And you will pass the poles through the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark by means of them. | sides ← ribs. |
| Ex 25:15 | בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | The poles will be through the rings of the ark; they shall not be removed from it. | removed ← depart. Qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Ex 25:16 | וְנָתַתָּ֖ אֶל־הָאָרֹ֑ן אֵ֚ת הָעֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶתֵּ֖ן אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will put the testimony which I will give you in the ark. | |
| Ex 25:17 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ כַפֹּ֖רֶת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָחֵ֙צִי֙ אָרְכָּ֔הּ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי רָחְבָּֽהּ׃ | And you will make an atonement cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits in length and one and a half cubits in width. |
atonement cover: AV differs somewhat (mercy seat).
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. in ... in ← its ... its. |
| Ex 25:18 | וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ שְׁנַ֥יִם כְּרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | And you will make two cherubim of gold; you will make them as beaten work at the two ends of the atonement cover. | beaten: or turned, but it is hard to see how turning (on a lathe) would be suitable.[BDB] has hammered work (perhaps). |
| Ex 25:19 | וַ֠עֲשֵׂה כְּר֨וּב אֶחָ֤ד מִקָּצָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וּכְרוּב־אֶחָ֥ד מִקָּצָ֖ה מִזֶּ֑ה מִן־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִ֖ים עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָֽיו׃ | And make one cherub at one end and one cherub at the other end. Make the cherubim from the atonement cover at its two ends. | one ... the other ← here ... here, or more literally, from this ... from this. |
| Ex 25:20 | וְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִהְי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃ | And the cherubim will be with wings spread upwards, covering the atonement cover with their wings, and they will face each other. The faces of the cherubim will be directed towards the atonement cover. |
upwards: perhaps here above.
each other ← each to its brother. |
| Ex 25:21 | וְנָתַתָּ֧ אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עַל־הָאָרֹ֖ן מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְאֶל־הָ֣אָרֹ֔ן תִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶתֵּ֖ן אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will put the atonement cover on the ark from above, and you will put the testimony which I will give you in the ark. | |
| Ex 25:22 | וְנוֹעַדְתִּ֣י לְךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְדִבַּרְתִּ֨י אִתְּךָ֜ מֵעַ֣ל הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת מִבֵּין֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֑ת אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲצַוֶּ֛ה אוֹתְךָ֖ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And I will be known to you there, and I will speak with you from above the atonement cover, from between the two cherubim which are on the ark of the testimony, and I will tell you everything that I command you for the sons of Israel. | |
| Ex 25:23 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ שֻׁלְחָ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֤יִם אָרְכּוֹ֙ וְאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And you shall make a table from acacia wood, two cubits in length and a cubit in width, and one and a half cubits in height, |
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
in ... in ... in ← its ... its ... its. |
| Ex 25:24 | וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹת֖וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | and you will overlay it with pure gold, and you will make a golden edge for it to go around it. | |
| Ex 25:25 | וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ לּ֥וֹ מִסְגֶּ֛רֶת טֹ֖פַח סָבִ֑יב וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ זֵר־זָהָ֛ב לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will make it a rim a handbreadth wide, all around, and you will make a golden edge for the rim all around. | |
| Ex 25:26 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ אַרְבַּ֖ע טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וְנָתַתָּ֙ אֶת־הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע הַפֵּאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַרְבַּ֥ע רַגְלָֽיו׃ | And you will make four golden rings for it, and you will put the rings on the four corners which are at its four legs. | |
| Ex 25:27 | לְעֻמַּת֙ הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶת תִּהְיֶ֖יןָ הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן׃ | And the rings will be joined to the rim, as receptacles for the poles by which to carry the table. | |
| Ex 25:28 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְנִשָּׂא־בָ֖ם אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן׃ | And you will make the poles from acacia wood, and you will overlay them with gold, and the table will be carried by means of them. | |
| Ex 25:29 | וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ קְּעָרֹתָ֜יו וְכַפֹּתָ֗יו וּקְשׂוֹתָיו֙ וּמְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּהֵ֑ן זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And you will make its dishes and spoons and bowls and vials by which libations are poured. You will make them of pure gold. | are poured: hophal future from root נסך, to pour. AV differs, translating from the root סכך, to cover, or a homonym of נסך. |
| Ex 25:30 | וְנָתַתָּ֧ עַֽל־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן לֶ֥חֶם פָּנִ֖ים לְפָנַ֥י תָּמִֽיד׃ פ | And you will place showbread on the table before me always. | showbread ← bread of the face, i.e. bread of divine presence. |
| Ex 25:31 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מְנֹרַ֖ת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר מִקְשָׁ֞ה תֵּעָשֶׂ֤ה הַמְּנוֹרָה֙ יְרֵכָ֣הּ וְקָנָ֔הּ גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָ כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָ וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּ֥נָּה יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And you will make a lampstand of pure gold. The lampstand will be made as beaten work – its main stem and its branches. Its cups, its knobs and its flowers will diverge from it. |
main stem ← thigh.
branches ← cane. will diverge from ← will be / come / become from. AV differs (shall be of the same). |
| Ex 25:32 | וְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה קָנִ֔ים יֹצְאִ֖ים מִצִּדֶּ֑יהָ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה ׀ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֗ה מִצִּדָּהּ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֔ה מִצִּדָּ֖הּ הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And there will be six branches coming out of its sides – three branches of the lampstand from one of its sides and three lampstand branches from the other side. | other ← second. |
| Ex 25:33 | שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְ֠בִעִים מְֽשֻׁקָּדִ֞ים בַּקָּנֶ֣ה הָאֶחָד֮ כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפֶרַח֒ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְבִעִ֗ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֛ים בַּקָּנֶ֥ה הָאֶחָ֖ד כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפָ֑רַח כֵּ֚ן לְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן־הַמְּנֹרָֽה׃ | There will be three almond-shaped cups on one branch, with a knob and a flower, and three almond-shaped cups on another branch, with a knob and a flower. This is how it will be for the six branches coming out of the lampstand. |
one ... another ← one ... one.
this is how ← thus. |
| Ex 25:34 | וּבַמְּנֹרָ֖ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה גְבִעִ֑ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֔ים כַּפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ וּפְרָחֶֽיהָ׃ | And in the main stem of the lampstand there will be four almond-shaped cups with its knobs and its flowers. | |
| Ex 25:35 | וְכַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּחַת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י הַקָּנִ֜ים מִמֶּ֗נָּה וְכַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְׁנֵ֤י הַקָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְכַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּחַת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַקָּנִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑נָּה לְשֵׁ֙שֶׁת֙ הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן־הַמְּנֹרָֽה׃ | And there will be a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it and a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it and a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it, this being for the six branches which come out of the lampstand. | |
| Ex 25:36 | כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶ֥ם וּקְנֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּ֣נָּה יִהְי֑וּ כֻּלָּ֛הּ מִקְשָׁ֥ה אַחַ֖ת זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | Their knobs and their branches will be integral to it. All of it will be work beaten from one piece of pure gold. | integral to it ← from it. |
| Ex 25:37 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־נֵרֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁבְעָ֑ה וְהֶֽעֱלָה֙ אֶת־נֵ֣רֹתֶ֔יהָ וְהֵאִ֖יר עַל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנֶֽיהָ׃ | And you will make its seven lamps, and the lamps will be lit, and it will give light straight forwards. |
lamps: or candles.
the lamps will be lit ← he / one will light the lamps. straight forwards ← over against its face. |
| Ex 25:38 | וּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָ וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | And its snuffing-tongs and snuff-dishes shall be of pure gold. | |
| Ex 25:39 | כִּכָּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | From a talent of gold he shall make it, with all these accessories. |
talent: [CB] gives this as 3000 shekels of the sanctuary (Ex 38:25, Ex 38:26), our holy shekel, but the metal in those verses is silver.
accessories ← vessels; equipment. |
| Ex 25:40 | וּרְאֵ֖ה וַעֲשֵׂ֑ה בְּתַ֨בְנִיתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה מָרְאֶ֖ה בָּהָֽר׃ ס | And see that you make them according to the model of them which you were shown on the mountain. | Acts 7:44, Heb 8:5. |
| Ex 26:1 | וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֥ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י כְּרֻבִ֛ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And you will make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, with blue and purple and scarlet dye; you will make them with cherubim, as the work of a damask weaver. | damask weaver ← weaver of figures in various colours. |
| Ex 26:2 | אֹ֣רֶךְ ׀ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֙חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לְכָל־הַיְרִיעֹֽת׃ | The length of one curtain will be twenty-eight cubits, and the width will be four cubits per curtain. There will be one size for all the curtains. |
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
per curtain ← for one curtain. |
| Ex 26:3 | חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֗ת תִּֽהְיֶ֙יןָ֙ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֑הּ וְחָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָֽהּ׃ | There will be five curtains joined one to another, then five curtains joined one to another. | one to another ← a female to its sister. |
| Ex 26:4 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ לֻֽלְאֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָאֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּחֹבָ֑רֶת וְכֵ֤ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And you will make loops of blue material on the hem of one curtain, at the edge with the adjoining one, and you will do likewise on the hem of the last curtain, at the second join. |
hem (2x) ← lip.
at the edge ← from the edge. the last curtain: the one at the corner of the tabernacle? |
| Ex 26:5 | חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת תַּעֲשֶׂה֮ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָת֒ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָֽהּ׃ | You will make fifty loops on one curtain, and you will make fifty loops on the edge of the curtain which is at the second join, so that the loops hold each other together. | hold each other together ← cause one to receive another ← causing one (female) to receive her sister. |
| Ex 26:6 | וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וְחִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֶת־הַיְרִיעֹ֜ת אִשָּׁ֤ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָהּ֙ בַּקְּרָסִ֔ים וְהָיָ֥ה הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד׃ פ | And you will make fifty clasps of gold, and you will join the curtains to each other by the clasps so that the tabernacle becomes a unity. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
a unity ← one. |
| Ex 26:7 | וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת עִזִּ֔ים לְאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַשְׁתֵּי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And you will make curtains of goat's hair, as a tent over the tabernacle. You will make eleven such curtains. | hair: or, here, skin, but in Ex 35:26, it is spun. |
| Ex 26:8 | אֹ֣רֶךְ ׀ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֙חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת׃ | The length of one curtain will be thirty cubits, and the width will be four cubits per curtain. There will be one size for the eleven curtains. | cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ex 26:9 | וְחִבַּרְתָּ֞ אֶת־חֲמֵ֤שׁ הַיְרִיעֹת֙ לְבָ֔ד וְאֶת־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וְכָפַלְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔ית אֶל־מ֖וּל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | And you will join five curtains separately, and six curtains separately, and you will fold the sixth curtain double towards the front of the tent. | |
| Ex 26:10 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת הַקִּיצֹנָ֖ה בַּחֹבָ֑רֶת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And you will make fifty loops on the hem of one curtain – the last one to the adjoining one – and fifty loops on the hem of the other adjoining curtain. |
hem (2x) ← lip.
the other ← the second. |
| Ex 26:11 | וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ קַרְסֵ֥י נְחֹ֖שֶׁת חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים וְהֵבֵאתָ֤ אֶת־הַקְּרָסִים֙ בַּלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת וְחִבַּרְתָּ֥ אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל וְהָיָ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | And you will make fifty copper clasps, and you will bring the clasps through the loops so that you join the tent up so that it becomes a unity. |
so that ... so that: purposive and consecutive (result) use of the vav.
a unity ← one. |
| Ex 26:12 | וְסֶ֙רַח֙ הָעֹדֵ֔ף בִּירִיעֹ֖ת הָאֹ֑הֶל חֲצִ֤י הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָעֹדֶ֔פֶת תִּסְרַ֕ח עַ֖ל אֲחֹרֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And the superfluous part of the curtains of the tent which remains – the half curtain which remains – will be draped over at the back of the tabernacle. | |
| Ex 26:13 | וְהָאַמָּ֨ה מִזֶּ֜ה וְהָאַמָּ֤ה מִזֶּה֙ בָּעֹדֵ֔ף בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ יְרִיעֹ֣ת הָאֹ֑הֶל יִהְיֶ֨ה סָר֜וּחַ עַל־צִדֵּ֧י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה לְכַסֹּתֽוֹ׃ | And the cubit on one side and the cubit on the other side of what remains in the length of the curtains of the tent will be draped over at the side of the tabernacle on each side to cover it. |
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
side ... side ... side ... side: apart from the third occurrence, צַד, tsad, the words here are adverbial rather than substantival. Elsewhere in this chapter are three other words for a side: צֵלַע, tsela, a rib; ↴ |
| Ex 26:14 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵילִ֖ם מְאָדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ פ | And you will make the covering for the tent from rams' skins dyed red, with a covering from badgers' skins above it. |
↳ פֵּאָה, peah, a quarter; יַרְכָתַיִם, yarkataim, an extremity. The next chapter includes כָּתֵף, katef, a shoulder.
with ← and. |
| Ex 26:15 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹמְדִֽים׃ | And you will make the boards for the tabernacle from acacia wood, to be standing vertically. | |
| Ex 26:16 | עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | The length of one board will be ten cubits, and the width of one board will be one and a half cubits. | |
| Ex 26:17 | שְׁתֵּ֣י יָד֗וֹת לַקֶּ֙רֶשׁ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁלָּבֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֑הּ כֵּ֣ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | Two tenons per board will each be joined to its counterpart. This is how you shall make it for all the boards of the tabernacle. | two tenons per board will each be joined to its counterpart ← two tenons to one board joined a female to its sister. |
| Ex 26:18 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קֶ֔רֶשׁ לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גְבָּה תֵימָֽנָה׃ | And you will make twenty boards for the tabernacle on the south side, south-facing. |
make twenty boards ← make the boards twenty boards.
side ← quarter, or region; corner. |
| Ex 26:19 | וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף תַּעֲשֶׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו׃ | And you will make forty silver sockets to go under the twenty boards – two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons. |
sockets: or plinths, but giving a firm foundation.
one ... another ← one ... one, meaning two sockets under each board. |
| Ex 26:20 | וּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עֶשְׂרִ֖ים קָֽרֶשׁ׃ | And the second side of the tabernacle – the north side – will have twenty boards. | side ... side ← rib ... quarter. |
| Ex 26:21 | וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And you will make forty silver sockets for them, two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. | one ... another ← one ... one, meaning two sockets under each board. |
| Ex 26:22 | וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים׃ | And for the flank of the tabernacle to the west you will make six boards. | flank ← extremity. It is related to the word for a thigh. |
| Ex 26:23 | וּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃ | And you will make two boards for the corners of the tabernacle on its flanks, | flanks ← extremities. |
| Ex 26:24 | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ תֹֽאֲמִים֮ מִלְּמַטָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן יִהְיֶ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֥י הַמִּקְצֹעֹ֖ת יִהְיֽוּ׃ | and they will be coupled from below, and they will be perfectly aligned up to the top of it, to a ring. The two of them will be made this way; they will be at the two corners. |
aligned ← together.
a ring ← one ring. |
| Ex 26:25 | וְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And there will be eight boards and their silver sockets – sixteen sockets – two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. | one ... another ← one ... one, meaning two sockets under each board. |
| Ex 26:26 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בְרִיחִ֖ם עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And you will make bolts of acacia wood: five bolts for the boards of one side of the tabernacle, | side ← rib. |
| Ex 26:27 | וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֗ם לְקַרְשֵׁי֙ צֶ֣לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה׃ | and five bolts for the boards of the second side of the tabernacle, and five bolts for the boards of the side of the tabernacle on the west flank. | side ... side ... flank ← rib ... rib ... extremity. |
| Ex 26:28 | וְהַבְּרִ֥יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֖ן בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים מַבְרִ֕חַ מִן־הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל־הַקָּצֶֽה׃ | And the middle bolt inside the boards will pass from end to end. | |
| Ex 26:29 | וְֽאֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים תְּצַפֶּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת־טַבְּעֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | You will overlay the boards with gold, and you will make their rings from gold, as receptacles for the bolts, and you will overlay the bolts with gold. | |
| Ex 26:30 | וַהֲקֵמֹתָ֖ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן כְּמִ֨שְׁפָּט֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְאֵ֖יתָ בָּהָֽר׃ ס | So you will set up the tabernacle according to its blueprint which you were shown on the mountain. |
Acts 7:44, Heb 8:5.
blueprint ← judgment, custom. |
| Ex 26:31 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פָרֹ֗כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֛ב יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽים׃ | And you will make a veil of blue, purple and scarlet thread and fine twined linen – the work of a damask weaver. It will be made with cherubim. |
damask weaver: see Ex 26:1.
it will be made ← one will make it. |
| Ex 26:32 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה אֹתָ֗הּ עַל־אַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים מְצֻפִּ֣ים זָהָ֔ב וָוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב עַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַדְנֵי־כָֽסֶף׃ | And you will put it on four acacia wood columns, overlaid with gold, with their golden hooks on four silver sockets. | |
| Ex 26:33 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה אֶת־הַפָּרֹכֶת֮ תַּ֣חַת הַקְּרָסִים֒ וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ שָׁ֙מָּה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית לַפָּרֹ֔כֶת אֵ֖ת אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת וְהִבְדִּילָ֤ה הַפָּרֹ֙כֶת֙ לָכֶ֔ם בֵּ֣ין הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וּבֵ֖ין קֹ֥דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And you will put the veil under the clasps, and you will bring the ark of the testimony there inside the veil, and the veil will be a demarcation for you between the holy place and the holy of holies. | |
| Ex 26:34 | וְנָתַתָּ֙ אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת עַ֖ל אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵדֻ֑ת בְּקֹ֖דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And you will put the atonement cover on the ark of the testimony in the holy of holies. | |
| Ex 26:35 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֤ אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ מִח֣וּץ לַפָּרֹ֔כֶת וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה֙ נֹ֣כַח הַשֻּׁלְחָ֔ן עַ֛ל צֶ֥לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן תֵּימָ֑נָה וְהַ֨שֻּׁלְחָ֔ן תִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־צֶ֥לַע צָפֽוֹן׃ | And you will put the table outside the veil, and the lampstand opposite the table on the south side of the tabernacle, and you will put the table on the north side. | side (2x) ← rib. |
| Ex 26:36 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽם׃ | And you will make a screen for the door of the tent from blue and purple and scarlet thread, and fine twined linen, the workmanship of an embroiderer. | |
| Ex 26:37 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לַמָּסָ֗ךְ חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וְצִפִּיתָ֤ אֹתָם֙ זָהָ֔ב וָוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְיָצַקְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אַדְנֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ ס | And you will make five columns of acacia wood for the screen, and you will overlay them with gold, and their hooks will be of gold, and you will cast five copper sockets for them. | |
| Ex 27:1 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חָמֵשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת אֹ֜רֶךְ וְחָמֵ֧שׁ אַמּ֣וֹת רֹ֗חַב רָב֤וּעַ יִהְיֶה֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And you will make an altar of acacia wood, five cubits in length and five cubits in width. The altar will be square, and its height will be three cubits. | cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ex 27:2 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ קַרְנֹתָ֗יו עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנֹּתָ֔יו מִמֶּ֖נּוּ תִּהְיֶ֣יןָ קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹת֖וֹ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And you shall make its horns on its four corners. The horns will be integral to it, and you will overlay it with copper. | integral to it ← from it. |
| Ex 27:3 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ סִּֽירֹתָיו֙ לְדַשְּׁנ֔וֹ וְיָעָיו֙ וּמִזְרְקֹתָ֔יו וּמִזְלְגֹתָ֖יו וּמַחְתֹּתָ֑יו לְכָל־כֵּלָ֖יו תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And you shall make its pans for removing ashes from it, and its shovels, and its basins, and its forks, and its firepans. You shall make all its equipment from copper. | firepans: to hold the fire, we propose. The “pans” for removing the ashes have already been mentioned. |
| Ex 27:4 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ לּוֹ֙ מִכְבָּ֔ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֶ֣שֶׁת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ עַל־הָרֶ֗שֶׁת אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת נְחֹ֔שֶׁת עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֥ע קְצוֹתָֽיו׃ | And you will make it a grate, a meshed artefact of copper, and you shall make four copper rings on the mesh at its four corners. | |
| Ex 27:5 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה אֹתָ֗הּ תַּ֛חַת כַּרְכֹּ֥ב הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ מִלְּמָ֑טָּה וְהָיְתָ֣ה הָרֶ֔שֶׁת עַ֖ד חֲצִ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And you shall put it below the ledge of the altar, underneath, and the mesh will extend up to half the size of the altar. |
extend ← be, become.
the size: perhaps the height, or the area. |
| Ex 27:6 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ בַדִּים֙ לַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בַּדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And you shall make poles for the altar – poles of acacia wood – and you will overlay them with copper. | |
| Ex 27:7 | וְהוּבָ֥א אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו בַּטַּבָּעֹ֑ת וְהָי֣וּ הַבַּדִּ֗ים עַל־שְׁתֵּ֛י צַלְעֹ֥ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ בִּשְׂאֵ֥ת אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And its poles will be brought through the rings so that the poles will be at the two sides of the altar for carrying it. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
sides ← ribs. for carrying it ← in carrying it. |
| Ex 27:8 | נְב֥וּב לֻחֹ֖ת תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹת֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶרְאָ֥ה אֹתְךָ֛ בָּהָ֖ר כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ ס | You shall make it hollow with panels. As it was shown to you on the mountain, so they shall make it. | it was shown to you ← he (or, one) showed you. |
| Ex 27:9 | וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ אֵ֖ת חֲצַ֣ר הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן לִפְאַ֣ת נֶֽגֶב־תֵּ֠ימָנָה קְלָעִ֨ים לֶחָצֵ֜ר שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר מֵאָ֤ה בָֽאַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ לַפֵּאָ֖ה הָאֶחָֽת׃ | And you will make the courtyard of the tabernacle. On the south side, facing south, the courtyard will have drapes of fine twined linen. It will be one hundred cubits in length for one side. |
side (2x) ← quarter.
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ex 27:10 | וְעַמֻּדָ֣יו עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָעַמֻּדִ֛ים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | And you will make its twenty columns and their twenty copper sockets, and hooks for the columns and their silver connectors. | connectors: rods or poles. The root of the word means to be attached. |
| Ex 27:11 | וְכֵ֨ן לִפְאַ֤ת צָפוֹן֙ בָּאֹ֔רֶךְ קְלָעִ֖ים מֵ֣אָה אֹ֑רֶךְ *ועמדו **וְעַמּוּדָ֣יו עֶשְׂרִ֗ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֤ם עֶשְׂרִים֙ נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָֽעַמֻּדִ֛ים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | And similarly you shall make for the northern side over its length drapes for a length of one hundred cubits, and its twenty columns, and their twenty copper sockets, and the hooks for the columns, and their silver connectors. |
its ... columns: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, the ketiv reads they will stand.
side ← quarter. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ex 27:12 | וְרֹ֤חַב הֶֽחָצֵר֙ לִפְאַת־יָ֔ם קְלָעִ֖ים חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה עַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֲשָׂרָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃ | And the width of the courtyard on the western side with drapes will be fifty cubits, with their ten columns and their ten sockets. | side ← quarter. |
| Ex 27:13 | וְרֹ֣חַב הֶֽחָצֵ֗ר לִפְאַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And the width of the courtyard on the eastern side will be fifty cubits. | side ← quarter. |
| Ex 27:14 | וַחֲמֵ֨שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה אַמָּ֛ה קְלָעִ֖ים לַכָּתֵ֑ף עַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And there will be fifteen cubits of drapes on the side with their three columns and their three sockets. | side ← shoulder. |
| Ex 27:15 | וְלַכָּתֵף֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית חְמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה קְלָעִ֑ים עַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And on the other side there will be fifteen cubits of drapes with their three columns and their three sockets. |
other ← second.
side ← shoulder. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ex 27:16 | וּלְשַׁ֨עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֜ר מָסָ֣ךְ ׀ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּ֗ה תְּכֵ֨לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֜ן וְתוֹלַ֧עַת שָׁנִ֛י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָ֖ר מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑ם עַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם אַרְבָּעָֽה׃ | And for the gate of the courtyard there will be a screen of twenty cubits of blue and purple and scarlet thread and fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer, and their four columns and their four sockets. | |
| Ex 27:17 | כָּל־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הֶֽחָצֵ֤ר סָבִיב֙ מְחֻשָּׁקִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף וָוֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | All the columns around the courtyard will be connected by silver. Their hooks will be of silver but their sockets will be of copper. | |
| Ex 27:18 | אֹ֣רֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר֩ מֵאָ֨ה בָֽאַמָּ֜ה וְרֹ֣חַב ׀ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים וְקֹמָ֛ה חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | The length of the courtyard will be one hundred cubits, and its width will be fifty throughout, and its height will be five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets will be of copper. | fifty throughout ← fifty by fifty. |
| Ex 27:19 | לְכֹל֙ כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָת֑וֹ וְכָל־יְתֵדֹתָ֛יו וְכָל־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶחָצֵ֖ר נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ ס | All the equipment of the tabernacle used in all its service, and all its pegs and all the pegs of the courtyard will be of copper. | |
| Ex 27:20 | וְאַתָּ֞ה תְּצַוֶּ֣ה ׀ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְיִקְח֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ שֶׁ֣מֶן זַ֥יִת זָ֛ךְ כָּתִ֖ית לַמָּא֑וֹר לְהַעֲלֹ֥ת נֵ֖ר תָּמִֽיד׃ | And you will command the sons of Israel, and they will bring you pure beaten olive oil for the lamp, to be offered up as a perpetual light. | to be offered up ← to offer up ← to raise. |
| Ex 27:21 | בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֩ מִח֨וּץ לַפָּרֹ֜כֶת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָעֵדֻ֗ת יַעֲרֹךְ֩ אֹת֨וֹ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו מֵעֶ֥רֶב עַד־בֹּ֖קֶר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹ֣רֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | In the tent of contact outside the veil which is at the ark of the testimony, Aaron and his sons will attend to it from evening to morning before the Lord. It is an age-abiding statute for their generations with the sons of Israel. | the tent of contact ← a tent of contact, but always without the definite article, a poetic ellipsis in a fixed concept. For contact one could read appointment, or congregation, or meeting. It is the appointed contact point for God to meet the priests and for the priests to serve. |
| Ex 28:1 | וְאַתָּ֡ה הַקְרֵ֣ב אֵלֶיךָ֩ אֶת־אַהֲרֹ֨ן אָחִ֜יךָ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו אִתּ֔וֹ מִתּ֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִ֑י אַהֲרֹ֕ן נָדָ֧ב וַאֲבִיה֛וּא אֶלְעָזָ֥ר וְאִיתָמָ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹֽן׃ | Have Aaron your brother join you, and his sons with him, coming from the sons of Israel, for him to serve as a priest to me: Aaron with Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons. |
have ... join ← have ... approach.
coming from ← from inside. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Ex 28:2 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בִגְדֵי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִ֑יךָ לְכָב֖וֹד וּלְתִפְאָֽרֶת׃ | And you will make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for splendour. | |
| Ex 28:3 | וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּדַבֵּר֙ אֶל־כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּאתִ֖יו ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה וְעָשׂ֞וּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֧י אַהֲרֹ֛ן לְקַדְּשׁ֖וֹ לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִֽי׃ | And you will speak to all the skilled men whom I have filled with a spirit of wisdom, and they will make Aaron's garments, to sanctify him for him to serve as a priest to me. |
skilled ← wise-hearted.
whom: effectively singular (although the antecedent, skilled men, is plural). [CB] says that the Severus codex has the plural form. |
| Ex 28:4 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה הַבְּגָדִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשׂ֗וּ חֹ֤שֶׁן וְאֵפוֹד֙ וּמְעִ֔יל וּכְתֹ֥נֶת תַּשְׁבֵּ֖ץ מִצְנֶ֣פֶת וְאַבְנֵ֑ט וְעָשׂ֨וּ בִגְדֵי־קֹ֜דֶשׁ לְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֛יךָ וּלְבָנָ֖יו לְכַהֲנוֹ־לִֽי׃ | And these are the garments which they shall make: a breastplate and an ephod and a robe and a chequered tunic, a turban and a girdle. So they will make holy garments for Aaron your brother and for his sons, for him to serve as a priest to me. | ephod: a short coat without sleeves or sides. |
| Ex 28:5 | וְהֵם֙ יִקְח֣וּ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֶת־הַתְּכֵ֖לֶת וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֑ן וְאֶת־תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ פ | And they will take the gold, and the blue and purple and scarlet thread, and the fine linen, | |
| Ex 28:6 | וְעָשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד זָ֠הָב תְּכֵ֨לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֜ן תּוֹלַ֧עַת שָׁנִ֛י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָ֖ר מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵֽׁב׃ | and they will make the ephod from the gold and blue and purple and scarlet thread and the fine twined linen, the work of a damask weaver. | damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 28:7 | שְׁתֵּ֧י כְתֵפֹ֣ת חֹֽבְרֹ֗ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֛וֹ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָ֖יו וְחֻבָּֽר׃ | It will have two shoulder-pieces joined to its two ends, so it will be joined up. | |
| Ex 28:8 | וְחֵ֤שֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ מִמֶּ֣נּוּ יִהְיֶ֑ה זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | And the embroidered belt of his ephod, which goes over it, will be of similar workmanship to it, of gold, blue and purple and scarlet thread and fine twined linen. |
his: AV differs, omitting.
of similar workmanship to it ← as its workmanship from it. |
| Ex 28:9 | וְלָ֣קַחְתָּ֔ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֖י אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֑הַם וּפִתַּחְתָּ֣ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁמ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will take two onyx gemstones, and you will engrave the names of the sons of Israel on them, | |
| Ex 28:10 | שִׁשָּׁה֙ מִשְּׁמֹתָ֔ם עַ֖ל הָאֶ֣בֶן הָאֶחָ֑ת וְאֶת־שְׁמ֞וֹת הַשִּׁשָּׁ֧ה הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים עַל־הָאֶ֥בֶן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית כְּתוֹלְדֹתָֽם׃ | – six of their names on one gemstone and the six remaining names on the second gemstone according to their lineage. | |
| Ex 28:11 | מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה חָרַשׁ֮ אֶבֶן֒ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹתָ֗ם תְּפַתַּח֙ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י הָאֲבָנִ֔ים עַל־שְׁמֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מֻסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | You will engrave the two gemstones with the work of a gemstone engraver, with the engravings of a signet, with the names of the sons of Israel. You shall enclose them in golden bezels. | enclose them ← make them (as) enclosed. |
| Ex 28:12 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֞ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י הָאֲבָנִ֗ים עַ֚ל כִּתְפֹ֣ת הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד אַבְנֵ֥י זִכָּרֹ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנָשָׂא֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־שְׁמוֹתָ֜ם לִפְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י כְתֵפָ֖יו לְזִכָּרֹֽן׃ ס | And you shall put the two gemstones on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod as memorial gemstones to the sons of Israel, and Aaron will wear their names in the presence of the Lord on his two shoulder-pieces as a memorial. | wear: or bear. |
| Ex 28:13 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מִשְׁבְּצֹ֖ת זָהָֽב׃ | And you shall make bezels of gold, | |
| Ex 28:14 | וּשְׁתֵּ֤י שַׁרְשְׁרֹת֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִגְבָּלֹ֛ת תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת וְנָתַתָּ֛ה אֶת־שַׁרְשְׁרֹ֥ת הָעֲבֹתֹ֖ת עַל־הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹֽת׃ ס | and two chains of pure gold; you shall make them as edgings, as wreathed work, and you will put the wreathed chains on the bezels. | on: or around, [BDB] II.1.a.(a), but that is not a common meaning of the preposition. |
| Ex 28:15 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ חֹ֤שֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה חֹשֵׁ֔ב כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֵפֹ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֑נּוּ זָ֠הָב תְּכֵ֨לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֜ן וְתוֹלַ֧עַת שָׁנִ֛י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָ֖ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you will make a breastplate of judgment, the work of a damask weaver. You shall make it like the work of the ephod. You shall make it of gold and blue and purple and scarlet thread, and fine twined linen. | damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 28:16 | רָב֥וּעַ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה כָּפ֑וּל זֶ֥רֶת אָרְכּ֖וֹ וְזֶ֥רֶת רָחְבּֽוֹ׃ | It shall be square and doubled; its length will be a span and its breadth will be a span. | span (2x): about 10 inches or 25 cm, but if it is a stretched hand's breadth, it is a bit less. |
| Ex 28:17 | וּמִלֵּאתָ֥ בוֹ֙ מִלֻּ֣אַת אֶ֔בֶן אַרְבָּעָ֖ה טוּרִ֣ים אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And in it you will set the gemstones to be inserted as four rows of gemstones; there will be a row of ruby, topaz and emerald. That is the first row. | The identification of the minerals is uncertain. See also the minerals in Ezek 28:13 and Rev 21:19-20. |
| Ex 28:18 | וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְיָהֲלֹֽם׃ | And the second row will consist of chrysoprase, sapphire and diamond. | |
| Ex 28:19 | וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃ | And the third row will consist of ligure, agate and amethyst. | |
| Ex 28:20 | וְהַטּוּר֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ וְשֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים זָהָ֛ב יִהְי֖וּ בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃ | And the fourth row will consist of chrysolite, onyx and jasper. They will be set in gold when they are set. | when they are set ← in their (cases of) being set. |
| Ex 28:21 | וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ עַל־שְׁמֹ֧ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חוֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ לִשְׁנֵ֥י עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט׃ | And the gemstones will be with the names of the sons of Israel – twelve of them with their names – the engravings being as a signet. Each one will be with its name for the twelve tribes. | with (3x): or according to, or perhaps above. |
| Ex 28:22 | וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ עַל־הַחֹ֛שֶׁן שַֽׁרְשֹׁ֥ת גַּבְלֻ֖ת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | You will make edging chains on the breastplate, wreathed work of pure gold. | |
| Ex 28:23 | וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עַל־הַחֹ֔שֶׁן שְׁתֵּ֖י טַבְּע֣וֹת זָהָ֑ב וְנָתַתָּ֗ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ הַטַּבָּע֔וֹת עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | And you will make two golden rings on the breastplate, and you will put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. | |
| Ex 28:24 | וְנָתַתָּ֗ה אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ עֲבֹתֹ֣ת הַזָּהָ֔ב עַל־שְׁתֵּ֖י הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת אֶל־קְצ֖וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | And you will put the two golden wreaths on the two rings at the ends of the breastplate. | |
| Ex 28:25 | וְאֵ֨ת שְׁתֵּ֤י קְצוֹת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֲבֹתֹ֔ת תִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצ֑וֹת וְנָתַתָּ֛ה עַל־כִּתְפ֥וֹת הָאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל־מ֥וּל פָּנָֽיו׃ | And you will put the two ends – the two wreaths – in the two bezels, and you will put them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod on the front of it. | |
| Ex 28:26 | וְעָשִׂ֗יתָ שְׁתֵּי֙ טַבְּע֣וֹת זָהָ֔ב וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ אֹתָ֔ם עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֣וֹת הַחֹ֑שֶׁן עַל־שְׂפָת֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר הָאֵפֹ֖ד בָּֽיְתָה׃ | And you will make two golden rings and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on its hem which is on the side of the ephod facing inwards. |
hem ← lip. The breastplate is woven (Ex 28:15), so it has a hem.
side ← passage, region. |
| Ex 28:27 | וְעָשִׂיתָ֮ שְׁתֵּ֣י טַבְּע֣וֹת זָהָב֒ וְנָתַתָּ֣ה אֹתָ֡ם עַל־שְׁתֵּי֩ כִתְפ֨וֹת הָאֵפ֤וֹד מִלְּמַ֙טָּה֙ מִמּ֣וּל פָּנָ֔יו לְעֻמַּ֖ת מֶחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹ מִמַּ֕עַל לְחֵ֖שֶׁב הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ | And you will make two golden rings and put them on the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod underneath, at the front of it, opposite its join, above the embroidered belt of the ephod. | |
| Ex 28:28 | וְיִרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠חֹשֶׁן *מטבעתו **מִֽטַּבְּעֹתָ֞יו אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֤ת הָאֵפֹד֙ בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לִֽהְי֖וֹת עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפ֑וֹד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ | And they shall bind the breastplate by {Q: its rings} [K: its ring] to the rings of the ephod with a thread of blue yarn, to be above the embroidered belt of the ephod, so the breastplate does not become displaced from the ephod. |
The ketiv lacks the yod of the plural suffix.
so: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 28:29 | וְנָשָׂ֣א אַ֠הֲרֹן אֶת־שְׁמ֨וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בְּחֹ֧שֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּ֛ט עַל־לִבּ֖וֹ בְּבֹא֣וֹ אֶל־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְזִכָּרֹ֥ן לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד׃ | And Aaron will wear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastplate of judgment, over his heart, when he goes into the holy place, as a memorial before the Lord continually. | wear: or bear. |
| Ex 28:30 | וְנָתַתָּ֞ אֶל־חֹ֣שֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט אֶת־הָאוּרִים֙ וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּ֔ים וְהָיוּ֙ עַל־לֵ֣ב אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּבֹא֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְנָשָׂ֣א אַ֠הֲרֹן אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֨ט בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל עַל־לִבּ֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד׃ ס | And you will put the Urim and the Thummim on the breastplate of judgment, and they will be over Aaron's heart when he comes before the Lord, and Aaron will bear the judgment of the sons of Israel on his heart before the Lord continually. | the Urim and the Thummim: i.e. lights and perfections, standing for guilt (brought to light), and innocence (as [CB] note). Thummim ← Tummim, but we retain the AV / traditional English word. |
| Ex 28:31 | וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ אֶת־מְעִ֥יל הָאֵפ֖וֹד כְּלִ֥יל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃ | And you will make the robe of the ephod entirely from blue material. | |
| Ex 28:32 | וְהָיָ֥ה פִֽי־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ בְּתוֹכ֑וֹ שָׂפָ֡ה יִֽהְיֶה֩ לְפִ֨יו סָבִ֜יב מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֗ג כְּפִ֥י תַחְרָ֛א יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ׃ | And there will be an opening for his head in the middle of it. There will be a hem to its opening around it, the workmanship of a weaver. It will be like the opening of a coat of mail, so that it does not tear. | hem ← lip. |
| Ex 28:33 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ עַל־שׁוּלָ֗יו רִמֹּנֵי֙ תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י עַל־שׁוּלָ֖יו סָבִ֑יב וּפַעֲמֹנֵ֥י זָהָ֛ב בְּתוֹכָ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will make on its edges pomegranates of blue and purple and scarlet thread, on its edges all around, and golden bells inside them all around. | |
| Ex 28:34 | פַּעֲמֹ֤ן זָהָב֙ וְרִמּ֔וֹן פַּֽעֲמֹ֥ן זָהָ֖ב וְרִמּ֑וֹן עַל־שׁוּלֵ֥י הַמְּעִ֖יל סָבִֽיב׃ | A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, on the edges of the robe all around. | |
| Ex 28:35 | וְהָיָ֥ה עַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לְשָׁרֵ֑ת וְנִשְׁמַ֣ע ק֠וֹלוֹ בְּבֹא֨וֹ אֶל־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ לִפְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה וּבְצֵאת֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃ ס | And it will be on Aaron for him to minister in, and his voice will be heard when he comes into the holy place before the Lord, and when he goes out, he will not die. | |
| Ex 28:36 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ צִּ֖יץ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וּפִתַּחְתָּ֤ עָלָיו֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹתָ֔ם קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And you will make a shining plate of pure gold, and you will engrave on it an engraving as for a signet, ‘Holiness to the Lord.’ | |
| Ex 28:37 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֤ אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־פְּתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת וְהָיָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּצְנָ֑פֶת אֶל־מ֥וּל פְּנֵֽי־הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And you will display it with a blue thread so that it is on the turban, and it will be on the front of the turban. | display ← set, place, appoint. |
| Ex 28:38 | וְהָיָה֮ עַל־מֵ֣צַח אַהֲרֹן֒ וְנָשָׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הַקֳּדָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַקְדִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְכָֽל־מַתְּנֹ֖ת קָדְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם וְהָיָ֤ה עַל־מִצְחוֹ֙ תָּמִ֔יד לְרָצ֥וֹן לָהֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And it will be on Aaron's forehead, and Aaron will carry away the iniquity of the holy things which the sons of Israel will sanctify with all their holy gifts, and it will always be on his forehead, so that they may be pleasing before the Lord. |
their holy gifts ← gifts of their holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
may be pleasing ← for their pleasing. |
| Ex 28:39 | וְשִׁבַּצְתָּ֙ הַכְּתֹ֣נֶת שֵׁ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ מִצְנֶ֣פֶת שֵׁ֑שׁ וְאַבְנֵ֥ט תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה רֹקֵֽם׃ | And you will weave the fine linen tunic, and you will make a fine linen turban, and you will make a girdle, the workmanship of an embroiderer. | weave ← “checker-weave”. |
| Ex 28:40 | וְלִבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה כֻתֳּנֹ֔ת וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם אַבְנֵטִ֑ים וּמִגְבָּעוֹת֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם לְכָב֖וֹד וּלְתִפְאָֽרֶת׃ | And you will make tunics for Aaron's sons, and you will make them girdles, and you will make them high headgear for glory and splendour. | |
| Ex 28:41 | וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ אֶת־אַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִ֔יךָ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו אִתּ֑וֹ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֨ אֹתָ֜ם וּמִלֵּאתָ֧ אֶת־יָדָ֛ם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם וְכִהֲנ֥וּ לִֽי׃ | And you will put them on Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, and you will anoint them and consecrate them, and you will sanctify them so that they may serve as priests to me. |
put ← clothe.
consecrate them ← fill their hand. |
| Ex 28:42 | וַעֲשֵׂ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִכְנְסֵי־בָ֔ד לְכַסּ֖וֹת בְּשַׂ֣ר עֶרְוָ֑ה מִמָּתְנַ֥יִם וְעַד־יְרֵכַ֖יִם יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And make them fine linen trousers to cover naked flesh. They will be from the loins to the thighs. | naked flesh ← flesh of nakedness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 28:43 | וְהָיוּ֩ עַל־אַהֲרֹ֨ן וְעַל־בָּנָ֜יו בְּבֹאָ֣ם ׀ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד א֣וֹ בְגִשְׁתָּ֤ם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְלֹא־יִשְׂא֥וּ עָוֺ֖ן וָמֵ֑תוּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם ל֖וֹ וּלְזַרְע֥וֹ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ ס | And they will be on Aaron and on his sons when they come into the tent of contact, or when they approach the altar to serve in the holy place, so that they do not bear iniquity and die. It will be an age-abiding statute for him and his seed after him. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 29:1 | וְזֶ֨ה הַדָּבָ֜ר אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתָ֖ם לְכַהֵ֣ן לִ֑י לְ֠קַח פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֧ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר וְאֵילִ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And this is the procedure which you will carry out for them to sanctify them for serving as priests to me. Take a bull-calf of the oxen and two rams without blemish, |
procedure which you will carry out ← thing which you will do.
without blemish ← perfect, so immaculate. |
| Ex 29:2 | וְלֶ֣חֶם מַצּ֗וֹת וְחַלֹּ֤ת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן סֹ֥לֶת חִטִּ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | and unleavened bread and unleavened thin cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers basted with oil. You shall make them from fine wheat flour. | basted ← anointed, from the same root as Messiah. |
| Ex 29:3 | וְנָתַתָּ֤ אוֹתָם֙ עַל־סַ֣ל אֶחָ֔ד וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּסָּ֑ל וְאֶ֨ת־הַפָּ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֵילִֽם׃ | And you will put them in one basket, and you will offer them in the basket, with the bull and the two rams. | with ← and. |
| Ex 29:4 | וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹ֤ן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ תַּקְרִ֔יב אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְרָחַצְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | And you will have Aaron and his sons approach the entrance to the tent of contact, and you will wash them with water. | |
| Ex 29:5 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַבְּגָדִ֗ים וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֤ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֔נֶת וְאֵת֙ מְעִ֣יל הָאֵפֹ֔ד וְאֶת־הָאֵפֹ֖ד וְאֶת־הַחֹ֑שֶׁן וְאָפַדְתָּ֣ ל֔וֹ בְּחֵ֖שֶׁב הָאֵפֹֽד׃ | And you will take the garments, and you will clothe Aaron in the tunic and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod itself, and the breastplate, and you will gird it on him, with the embroidered belt of the ephod. | gird it on ← “ephod” it on. |
| Ex 29:6 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְנָתַתָּ֛ אֶת־נֵ֥זֶר הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ עַל־הַמִּצְנָֽפֶת׃ | And you will put the turban on his head, and you will put the holy crown on the turban. | crown ← Nazariteship, marking separation. Not one of the usual words for crown (עֲטָרָה or כֶּתֶר). |
| Ex 29:7 | וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְיָצַקְתָּ֖ עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֖ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you will take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him. | anoint: to anoint is to appoint [Charles H. Welch]. |
| Ex 29:8 | וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תַּקְרִ֑יב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֖ם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת׃ | And you will have his sons approach, and you will clothe them in tunics, | |
| Ex 29:9 | וְחָגַרְתָּ֩ אֹתָ֨ם אַבְנֵ֜ט אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֗יו וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֤ לָהֶם֙ מִגְבָּעֹ֔ת וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם כְּהֻנָּ֖ה לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּמִלֵּאתָ֥ יַֽד־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו׃ | and you will gird them with a girdle – Aaron and his sons – and you will bind high headgear on them, and it will be for their priesthood, as an age-abiding statute. So you will consecrate Aaron and his sons. | consecrate: see Ex 28:41. |
| Ex 29:10 | וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֔ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַפָּֽר׃ | And you will bring up the bull in front of the tent of contact, and Aaron and his sons will lay their hands on the bull's head. | lay ← lean. |
| Ex 29:11 | וְשָׁחַטְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And you will slaughter the bull before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Ex 29:12 | וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְנָתַתָּ֛ה עַל־קַרְנֹ֥ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ בְּאֶצְבָּעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּ֣ם תִּשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And you will take some of the blood of the bull, and you will put it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and you will pour all the blood onto the base of the altar. | |
| Ex 29:13 | וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֗ אֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב֒ וְאֵ֗ת הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֑ן וְהִקְטַרְתָּ֖ הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And you will take all the fat covering the innards, and the caul of the liver, and the two kidneys and the fat which is on them, and you will burn them on the altar. |
burn ← “incense-burn”, used for offerings on an altar, but not for destructive burning outside the camp, which is שָׂרַף, used in Lev 4:12.
on the altar ← to the altar. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Ex 29:14 | וְאֶת־בְּשַׂ֤ר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־עֹר֣וֹ וְאֶת־פִּרְשׁ֔וֹ תִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא׃ | And you will burn the flesh of the bull and its hide and its dung with fire outside the camp. It is a sin-offering. | sin-offering: the same word is used in Gen 4:7. |
| Ex 29:15 | וְאֶת־הָאַ֥יִל הָאֶחָ֖ד תִּקָּ֑ח וְסָ֨מְכ֜וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ | And you will take the first ram, and Aaron and his sons will lay their hands on the head of the ram. | the first ← one. The pair are mentioned in Ex 29:3. The second is offered in Ex 29:19. |
| Ex 29:16 | וְשָׁחַטְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָ֑יִל וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְזָרַקְתָּ֥ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will slaughter the ram, and you will take its blood, and you will sprinkle it on the altar all around, | |
| Ex 29:17 | וְאֶ֨ת־הָאַ֔יִל תְּנַתֵּ֖חַ לִנְתָחָ֑יו וְרָחַצְתָּ֤ קִרְבּוֹ֙ וּכְרָעָ֔יו וְנָתַתָּ֥ עַל־נְתָחָ֖יו וְעַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | and you will divide the ram into its sections, and you will wash its innards and its legs, and you will put them on its sections and on its head. | sections (2x): reminiscent of Gen 15:10, Gen 15:17, but not the identical word there (בֶּתֶר and גֶּזֶר). |
| Ex 29:18 | וְהִקְטַרְתָּ֤ אֶת־כָּל־הָאַ֙יִל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עֹלָ֥ה ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָ֑ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֔וֹחַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And you will burn the whole of the ram on the altar. It is a burnt offering to the Lord – a sweet fragrance. It is a fire-offering to the Lord. |
burn ← “incense-burn”, as in Ex 29:13.
on the altar ← to the altar, as in Ex 29:13. |
| Ex 29:19 | וְלָ֣קַחְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת הָאַ֣יִל הַשֵּׁנִ֑י וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ | And you will take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons will lay their hands on the head of the ram. | |
| Ex 29:20 | וְשָׁחַטְתָּ֣ אֶת־הָאַ֗יִל וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ מִדָּמוֹ֙ וְנָֽתַתָּ֡ה עַל־תְּנוּךְ֩ אֹ֨זֶן אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְעַל־תְּנ֨וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן בָּנָיו֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְלָ֖ם הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְזָרַקְתָּ֧ אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will slaughter the ram, and you will take some of its blood and put it on Aaron's right ear lobe and on the right ear lobe of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hand and on the big toe of their right foot, and you will sprinkle the blood on the altar all around. | |
| Ex 29:21 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֞ מִן־הַדָּ֨ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ֮ וּמִשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֒ וְהִזֵּיתָ֤ עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְעַל־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְעַל־בָּנָ֛יו וְעַל־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּ֑וֹ וְקָדַ֥שׁ הוּא֙ וּבְגָדָ֔יו וּבָנָ֛יו וּבִגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And you will take some of the blood which is on the altar, and some anointing oil, and you will sprinkle it on Aaron and on his garments and on his sons and on the garments of his sons with him, so that he, and his garments, and his sons, and the garments of his sons with him become holy. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 29:22 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ מִן־הָ֠אַיִל הַחֵ֨לֶב וְהָֽאַלְיָ֜ה וְאֶת־הַחֵ֣לֶב ׀ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֗רֶב וְאֵ֨ת יֹתֶ֤רֶת הַכָּבֵד֙ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֗ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֑ין כִּ֛י אֵ֥יל מִלֻּאִ֖ים הֽוּא׃ | And you will take from the ram the fat and the tail and the fat covering the innards and the caul of the liver and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, and the right front leg, for it is a ram for the sacrifice of consecration, | |
| Ex 29:23 | וְכִכַּ֨ר לֶ֜חֶם אַחַ֗ת וַֽחַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת וְרָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד מִסַּל֙ הַמַּצּ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and one loaf of bread, and one thin cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, from the basket of unleavened breadstuff which is before the Lord, | oiled bread ← bread of oil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 29:24 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ הַכֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְעַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו וְהֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and you will put it all in the palms of Aaron's hands and the palms of his sons' hands, and you will wave them as a wave-offering before the Lord. | |
| Ex 29:25 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ מִיָּדָ֔ם וְהִקְטַרְתָּ֥ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חָה עַל־הָעֹלָ֑ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיח֙וֹחַ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אִשֶּׁ֥ה ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ | And you will take them from their hands, and you will burn them on the altar with the burnt offering, as a sweet fragrance before the Lord. It is a fire-offering to the Lord. |
burn ← “incense-burn”, as in Ex 29:13.
on the altar ← to the altar, as in Ex 29:13. with ← at, on. |
| Ex 29:26 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הֶֽחָזֶ֗ה מֵאֵ֤יל הַמִּלֻּאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וְהֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹת֛וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לְמָנָֽה׃ | And you will take the breast of the consecrated ram which Aaron has, and you will wave it as a wave-offering before the Lord, and it will be a portion for you. | |
| Ex 29:27 | וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֞ אֵ֣ת ׀ חֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוּנַ֖ף וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר הוּרָ֑ם מֵאֵיל֙ הַמִּלֻּאִ֔ים מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לְבָנָֽיו׃ | And you will sanctify the breast of the wave-offering and the leg of the heave-offering, which will be waved and which will be heaved, taken from the consecrated ram – what is Aaron's and what is his sons'. | what is ... what is ← from what is ... from what is. The extra prepositions are perhaps attracted from the word מֵאֵיל. |
| Ex 29:28 | וְהָיָה֩ לְאַהֲרֹ֨ן וּלְבָנָ֜יו לְחָק־עוֹלָ֗ם מֵאֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י תְרוּמָ֖ה ה֑וּא וּתְרוּמָ֞ה יִהְיֶ֨ה מֵאֵ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִזִּבְחֵ֣י שַׁלְמֵיהֶ֔ם תְּרוּמָתָ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃ | And it will be an age-abiding statute to Aaron and his sons, an offering from the sons of Israel, for it is a heave-offering, so there will be a heave-offering from the sons of Israel among their peace-sacrifices – their heave-offering to the Lord. | among ← from. |
| Ex 29:29 | וּבִגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַהֲרֹ֔ן יִהְי֥וּ לְבָנָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו לְמָשְׁחָ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם וּלְמַלֵּא־בָ֖ם אֶת־יָדָֽם׃ | And Aaron's holy garments will be for his sons after him, in which to be anointed and in which his sons are to be consecrated. |
to be anointed ← to anoint. Qal. [AnLx] admits reflexive use (to anoint oneself). Here it is reflexive or passive.
consecrated: see Ex 28:41. |
| Ex 29:30 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים יִלְבָּשָׁ֧ם הַכֹּהֵ֛ן תַּחְתָּ֖יו מִבָּנָ֑יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָבֹ֛א אֶל־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֥ת בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | For seven days the priest will wear them – after him it being one of his sons – when he goes into the tent of contact to serve in the holy place. | |
| Ex 29:31 | וְאֵ֛ת אֵ֥יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֖ים תִּקָּ֑ח וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ֥ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בְּמָקֹ֥ם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ | And you will take the consecrated ram and cook its flesh in a holy place. | a holy place: perhaps read as the holy place. |
| Ex 29:32 | וְאָכַ֨ל אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר הָאַ֔יִל וְאֶת־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסָּ֑ל פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And Aaron and his sons will eat the ram's flesh and the bread that is in the basket, at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Ex 29:33 | וְאָכְל֤וּ אֹתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כֻּפַּ֣ר בָּהֶ֔ם לְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יָדָ֖ם לְקַדֵּ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑ם וְזָ֥ר לֹא־יֹאכַ֖ל כִּי־קֹ֥דֶשׁ הֵֽם׃ | And they will eat them, because atonement is made by them, to consecrate the priests – to sanctify them – and no foreigner will eat these things, for they are holy. |
consecrate: see Ex 28:41.
holy ← holiness, as in many places elsewhere. |
| Ex 29:34 | וְֽאִם־יִוָּתֵ֞ר מִבְּשַׂ֧ר הַמִּלֻּאִ֛ים וּמִן־הַלֶּ֖חֶם עַד־הַבֹּ֑קֶר וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֤ אֶת־הַנּוֹתָר֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖ל כִּי־קֹ֥דֶשׁ הֽוּא׃ | And if any flesh is left over from what is consecrated or from the bread by the morning, then you will burn what is left in fire. It shall not be eaten, for it is holy. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav, after an affirmative clause.
burn: this is the usual word; contrast Ex 29:18, Ex 29:25. |
| Ex 29:35 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ לְאַהֲרֹ֤ן וּלְבָנָיו֙ כָּ֔כָה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּ֖יתִי אֹתָ֑כָה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים תְּמַלֵּ֥א יָדָֽם׃ | And you will do this for Aaron and for his sons – according to everything that I have commanded you. You will consecrate them for seven days. |
this ← thus.
consecrate: see Ex 28:41. |
| Ex 29:36 | וּפַ֨ר חַטָּ֜את תַּעֲשֶׂ֤ה לַיּוֹם֙ עַל־הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים וְחִטֵּאתָ֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בְּכַפֶּרְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֹת֖וֹ לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃ | And you will offer a bull as a sin-offering each day for atonement, and you will expiate sin on the altar as you make atonement on it, and you will anoint it to sanctify it. | offer ← do. |
| Ex 29:37 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים תְּכַפֵּר֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֖ אֹת֑וֹ וְהָיָ֤ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֔ים כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בַּמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ יִקְדָּֽשׁ׃ ס | For seven days you will make atonement on the altar, and you will sanctify it, and the altar will be a holy of holies. Anyone who touches the altar will be holy. |
anyone ← everyone.
will be holy: perhaps to be translated must be holy. |
| Ex 29:38 | וְזֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥יִם לַיּ֖וֹם תָּמִֽיד׃ | And this is what you shall offer on the altar: two one-year-old lambs per day perpetually. |
offer ← do.
perpetually: i.e. as a perpetually recurring event. |
| Ex 29:39 | אֶת־הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה בַבֹּ֑קֶר וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃ | One lamb you will offer in the morning and the second lamb you will offer in the evening, | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Ex 29:40 | וְעִשָּׂרֹ֨ן סֹ֜לֶת בָּל֨וּל בְּשֶׁ֤מֶן כָּתִית֙ רֶ֣בַע הַהִ֔ין וְנֵ֕סֶךְ רְבִעִ֥ית הַהִ֖ין יָ֑יִן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | with a tenth measure of fine flour mixed with beaten oil – a quarter of a hin – and a libation of a quarter of a hin of wine for the first lamb, |
with ← and.
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. hin (2x): about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ex 29:41 | וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם כְּמִנְחַ֨ת הַבֹּ֤קֶר וּכְנִסְכָּהּ֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֔הּ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | and you will offer the second lamb in the evening, in the same way as the offering of the morning, and you will offer it in accordance with its libation as a sweet fragrance, a fire-offering to the Lord. | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Ex 29:42 | עֹלַ֤ת תָּמִיד֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אִוָּעֵ֤ד לָכֶם֙ שָׁ֔מָּה לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁם׃ | It is a perpetual burnt offering for your generations at the entrance to the tent of contact before the Lord, which is where I will meet you to speak to you there. | |
| Ex 29:43 | וְנֹעַדְתִּ֥י שָׁ֖מָּה לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִקְדַּ֖שׁ בִּכְבֹדִֽי׃ | And I will meet the sons of Israel there, and it will be sanctified by my glory. | |
| Ex 29:44 | וְקִדַּשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹ֧ן וְאֶת־בָּנָ֛יו אֲקַדֵּ֖שׁ לְכַהֵ֥ן לִֽי׃ | And I will sanctify the tent of contact and the altar, and I will sanctify Aaron and his sons for serving as priests to me. | |
| Ex 29:45 | וְשָׁ֣כַנְתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And I will dwell among the sons of Israel, and I will be their God. | 2 Cor 6:16. |
| Ex 29:46 | וְיָדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֧אתִי אֹתָ֛ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לְשָׁכְנִ֣י בְתוֹכָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And they will know that I am the Lord their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, for me to dwell in their midst. I am the Lord their God. | |
| Ex 30:1 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ מִקְטַ֣ר קְטֹ֑רֶת עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you will make an altar for burning incense. You will make it from acacia wood. | burning: the form matches an Aramaic infinitive. |
| Ex 30:2 | אַמָּ֨ה אָרְכּ֜וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה רָחְבּוֹ֙ רָב֣וּעַ יִהְיֶ֔ה וְאַמָּתַ֖יִם קֹמָת֑וֹ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו׃ | Its length will be one cubit, and its width will be one cubit; it will be square, and its height will be two cubits. Its horns will be integral to it. |
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
integral to it ← from it. |
| Ex 30:3 | וְצִפִּיתָ֨ אֹת֜וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֗וֹר אֶת־גַּגּ֧וֹ וְאֶת־קִירֹתָ֛יו סָבִ֖יב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | And you will overlay it with pure gold – its top and its walls around it, and its horns – and you will make a golden edge for it all around. | top ← roof. |
| Ex 30:4 | וּשְׁתֵּי֩ טַבְּעֹ֨ת זָהָ֜ב תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ ׀ מִתַּ֣חַת לְזֵר֗וֹ עַ֚ל שְׁתֵּ֣י צַלְעֹתָ֔יו תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֣י צִדָּ֑יו וְהָיָה֙ לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֵֽמָּה׃ | And you will make two golden rings for it below its edge on the two flanks. You will make them on the two sides, and they will be receptacles for the poles with which to carry it. |
flanks ... sides ← ribs ... sides (the usual word).
they will be ← it will be. |
| Ex 30:5 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And you will make poles of acacia wood, and you will overlay them with gold. | |
| Ex 30:6 | וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֑ת לִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לְךָ֖ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And you will put it in front of the veil which is at the ark of the testimony, before the atonement cover which is on the ark of the testimony, which is where I will meet you. | |
| Ex 30:7 | וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֖ן קְטֹ֣רֶת סַמִּ֑ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר בְּהֵיטִיב֛וֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֖ת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה׃ | And Aaron will burn aromatic incense on it; every morning when he adjusts the lamps, he will burn it. |
every morning ← in the morning, in the morning.
adjusts ← makes good. |
| Ex 30:8 | וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֛ת בֵּ֥ין הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִם יַקְטִירֶ֑נָּה קְטֹ֧רֶת תָּמִ֛יד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | When Aaron lights the lamps in the evening, he will burn incense on it. It is a perpetual incense ordinance before the Lord for your generations. | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Ex 30:9 | לֹא־תַעֲל֥וּ עָלָ֛יו קְטֹ֥רֶת זָרָ֖ה וְעֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֑ה וְנֵ֕סֶךְ לֹ֥א תִסְּכ֖וּ עָלָֽיו׃ | You shall not offer extraneous incense, nor such a burnt offering or meal-offering, and you shall not pour a libation on it. | |
| Ex 30:10 | וְכִפֶּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־קַרְנֹתָ֔יו אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה מִדַּ֞ם חַטַּ֣את הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים אַחַ֤ת בַּשָּׁנָה֙ יְכַפֵּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And Aaron will make atonement on its horns once per year, with the blood of the sin-offering for atonements. Once per year he will make atonement on it for your generations. It is a holy of holies to the Lord.” |
This direct speech started at Ex 25:2.
for atonements ← of atonements. |
| Ex 30:11 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 30:12 | כִּ֣י תִשָּׂ֞א אֶת־רֹ֥אשׁ בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם֒ וְנָ֨תְנ֜וּ אִ֣ישׁ כֹּ֧פֶר נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לַיהוָ֖ה בִּפְקֹ֣ד אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה בָהֶ֛ם נֶ֖גֶף בִּפְקֹ֥ד אֹתָֽם׃ | “When you hold a census of the sons of Israel according to the counting of them, let each one give an atonement-offering for his life to the Lord when they are counted, so that there is no plague among them when they are counted. |
hold a census ← take the sum.
the counting of them ← them being counted. for his life ← of his soul. when they are counted (2x) ← at the counting of them. |
| Ex 30:13 | זֶ֣ה ׀ יִתְּנ֗וּ כָּל־הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים מַחֲצִ֥ית הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים גֵּרָה֙ הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל מַחֲצִ֣ית הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | This is what everyone who passes through the counting will give: half a shekel according to the holy shekel. A shekel is twenty gerahs. The half shekel will be a heave-offering to the Lord. | |
| Ex 30:14 | כֹּ֗ל הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה יִתֵּ֖ן תְּרוּמַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | Everyone who passes through the counting from twenty years old and above will give the Lord's heave-offering. | |
| Ex 30:15 | הֶֽעָשִׁ֣יר לֹֽא־יַרְבֶּ֗ה וְהַדַּל֙ לֹ֣א יַמְעִ֔יט מִֽמַּחֲצִ֖ית הַשָּׁ֑קֶל לָתֵת֙ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם׃ | The rich man will not give more – and the poor man will not give less – than half a shekel, when you give the Lord's heave-offering to atone for your lives. | lives ← souls. |
| Ex 30:16 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֞ אֶת־כֶּ֣סֶף הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים מֵאֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנָתַתָּ֣ אֹת֔וֹ עַל־עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהָיָה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל לְזִכָּרוֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | And you will receive the atonement money from the sons of Israel, and you will put it towards the work of the tent of contact, and it will be a memorial to the sons of Israel before the Lord to atone for your lives.” | lives ← souls. |
| Ex 30:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 30:18 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ כִּיּ֥וֹר נְחֹ֛שֶׁת וְכַנּ֥וֹ נְחֹ֖שֶׁת לְרָחְצָ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ בֵּֽין־אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְנָתַתָּ֥ שָׁ֖מָּה מָֽיִם׃ | “And you will make a copper laver and its copper pedestal for washing, and you will put it between the tent of contact and the altar, and you will put water there. | |
| Ex 30:19 | וְרָחֲצ֛וּ אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Aaron and his sons will wash their hands and their feet in it. | in it ← from it, referring to the laver, not the water (plural in Hebrew). |
| Ex 30:20 | בְּבֹאָ֞ם אֶל־אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד יִרְחֲצוּ־מַ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ א֣וֹ בְגִשְׁתָּ֤ם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לְשָׁרֵ֔ת לְהַקְטִ֥יר אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | When they go to the tent of contact, they will wash with water so that they don't die, or when they approach the altar to serve by burning incense as a fire-offering to the Lord. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
by burning: gerundial use of the infinitive. The word implies burning incense, absent here, but not in, e.g., Num 17:5 (Num 16:40AV). |
| Ex 30:21 | וְרָחֲצ֛וּ יְדֵיהֶ֥ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיְתָ֨ה לָהֶ֧ם חָק־עוֹלָ֛ם ל֥וֹ וּלְזַרְע֖וֹ לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ פ | So they will wash their hands and their feet so that they do not die, and it will be an age-abiding statute to them – to him and to his seed – in their generations.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 30:22 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 30:23 | וְאַתָּ֣ה קַח־לְךָ֮ בְּשָׂמִ֣ים רֹאשׁ֒ מָר־דְּרוֹר֙ חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וְקִנְּמָן־בֶּ֥שֶׂם מַחֲצִית֖וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם וּקְנֵה־בֹ֖שֶׂם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | “And take some prime spices: five hundred shekels of fine myrrh, and half as much of cinnamon spice, two hundred and fifty shekels, and two hundred and fifty shekels of calamus fragrance, | |
| Ex 30:24 | וְקִדָּ֕ה חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְשֶׁ֥מֶן זַ֖יִת הִֽין׃ | and five hundred shekels of cassia, according to the holy shekel, and a hin of olive oil. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ex 30:25 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ אֹת֗וֹ שֶׁ֚מֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹ֔דֶשׁ רֹ֥קַח מִרְקַ֖חַת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑חַ שֶׁ֥מֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And you will make it as a holy anointing oil, a formulated ointment, the pharmacist's product. It will be a holy anointing oil. | a formulated ointment ← an ointment of preparation-of-ointments. |
| Ex 30:26 | וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ ב֖וֹ אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְאֵ֖ת אֲר֥וֹן הָעֵדֻֽת׃ | And you will anoint the tent of contact with it, and the ark of the testimony, | |
| Ex 30:27 | וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֖ה וְאֶת־כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ | and the table and all its equipment, and the lampstand and its equipment, and the incense altar, | |
| Ex 30:28 | וְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃ | and the burnt offering altar and all its equipment, and the laver and its pedestal. | |
| Ex 30:29 | וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֣ אֹתָ֔ם וְהָי֖וּ קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֑ים כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ׃ | And you will sanctify them, and they will be a holy of holies. Anyone who touches them will be holy. |
anyone ← everyone.
will be holy: see Ex 29:37. |
| Ex 30:30 | וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תִּמְשָׁ֑ח וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם לְכַהֵ֥ן לִֽי׃ | And you will anoint Aaron and his sons and sanctify them for officiating as priests to me. | |
| Ex 30:31 | וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר שֶׁ֠מֶן מִשְׁחַת־קֹ֨דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה זֶ֛ה לִ֖י לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘This will be a holy anointing oil to me for your generations. | |
| Ex 30:32 | עַל־בְּשַׂ֤ר אָדָם֙ לֹ֣א יִיסָ֔ךְ וּבְמַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔וֹ לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ כָּמֹ֑הוּ קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | It shall not be poured on man's flesh, and you shall not make anything like it in its composition; it is holy; it will be holy to you. |
it shall not be poured ← one shall not pour it, from יָסַךְ [ST]. Avoidance of the passive. [AnLx] defaults on its analytical reference to יָסַךְ. [BDB] derives the form from סוּךְ, to anoint.
composition ← proportion. |
| Ex 30:33 | אִ֚ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִרְקַ֣ח כָּמֹ֔הוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִתֵּ֛ן מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַל־זָ֑ר וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו׃ ס | Anyone who prepares anything like it, or who puts any of it on a foreigner, will be cut off from his people.’ ” | people ← peoples. |
| Ex 30:34 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֜ה קַח־לְךָ֣ סַמִּ֗ים נָטָ֤ף ׀ וּשְׁחֵ֙לֶת֙ וְחֶלְבְּנָ֔ה סַמִּ֖ים וּלְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה בַּ֥ד בְּבַ֖ד יִהְיֶֽה׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get yourself some spices: resin and onycha and galbanum spices, and pure frankincense. They will be in equal parts. |
onycha: perhaps the operculum, or closing flap, of the sea snail strombus lentiginosus [Wikipedia].
galbanum: an odiferous gum resin. in equal parts ← part on part. |
| Ex 30:35 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֹתָהּ֙ קְטֹ֔רֶת רֹ֖קַח מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רוֹקֵ֑חַ מְמֻלָּ֖ח טָה֥וֹר קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And you will make it as unctuous incense, the product of the pharmacist, salted, pure, and holy. |
unctuous incense ← incense, an ointment.
holy ← holiness. |
| Ex 30:36 | וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣ מִמֶּנָּה֮ הָדֵק֒ וְנָתַתָּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נָּה לִפְנֵ֤י הָעֵדֻת֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים תִּהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | And you will grind some of it very fine, and you will put some of it in front of the ark of the testimony in the tent of contact where I will meet you. It will be a holy of holies to you. | |
| Ex 30:37 | וְהַקְּטֹ֙רֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה בְּמַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And the incense which you will make, you will not make in its composition for yourselves. It will be your holiness to the Lord. | |
| Ex 30:38 | אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כָמ֖וֹהָ לְהָרִ֣יחַ בָּ֑הּ וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו׃ ס | Anyone who makes anything like it to produce a scent with it will be cut off from his people.” |
anyone ← a man.
people ← peoples. |
| Ex 31:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 31:2 | רְאֵ֖ה קָרָ֣אתִֽי בְשֵׁ֑ם בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אוּרִ֥י בֶן־ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | “Look, I have called Bezalel by name, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, |
|| 1 Chr 2:19, 1 Chr 2:20.
Bezalel: AV= Bezaleel, not recognizing that the syllable zal is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Ex 31:3 | וָאֲמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּחָכְמָ֛ה וּבִתְבוּנָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃ | and I have filled him with the spirit of God in wisdom and in understanding and in knowledge, and in all craftsmanship, | |
| Ex 31:4 | לַחְשֹׁ֖ב מַחֲשָׁבֹ֑ת לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת בַּזָּהָ֥ב וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | to make designs, to work in gold and in silver and in copper, |
to make designs ← to design designs, or to think thoughts.
work ← make. |
| Ex 31:5 | וּבַחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת אֶ֛בֶן לְמַלֹּ֖את וּבַחֲרֹ֣שֶׁת עֵ֑ץ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃ | and in lapidary work, in setting gemstones, and in wood-sculpting, to make all kinds of artisanry. | in setting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 31:6 | וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה נָתַ֣תִּי אִתּ֗וֹ אֵ֣ת אָהֳלִיאָ֞ב בֶּן־אֲחִֽיסָמָךְ֙ לְמַטֵּה־דָ֔ן וּבְלֵ֥ב כָּל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב נָתַ֣תִּי חָכְמָ֑ה וְעָשׂ֕וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽךָ׃ | And as for me, look, I have appointed with him Aholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. And I have put wisdom in the heart of every skilled person, and they will make everything that I have commanded you to make – |
Aholiab ← Oholiab, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Aholiab does not recognize the qamets hatuf (indicated in [AnLx], but not morphologically necessarily so).
skilled ← wise-hearted. |
| Ex 31:7 | אֵ֣ת ׀ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד וְאֶת־הָֽאָרֹן֙ לָֽעֵדֻ֔ת וְאֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | the tent of contact and the ark for the testimony and the atonement cover which goes on it, and all the equipment of the tent, | goes ← is, understood, as no corresponding word is present in the Hebrew at all. |
| Ex 31:8 | וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֥ה הַטְּהֹרָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ | and the table and its equipment and the pure lampstand and all its equipment and the incense altar, | |
| Ex 31:9 | וְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֶת־הַכִּיּ֖וֹר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃ | and the burnt offering altar and all its equipment, and the laver and its pedestal, | |
| Ex 31:10 | וְאֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י הַשְּׂרָ֑ד וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן׃ | and the garments for officiating, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons for officiating as priest, | |
| Ex 31:11 | וְאֵ֨ת שֶׁ֧מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֛ה וְאֶת־קְטֹ֥רֶת הַסַּמִּ֖ים לַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתִ֖ךָ יַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ פ | and the anointing oil and the aromatic incense for the holy place. They will do according to everything that I have commanded you.” | |
| Ex 31:12 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 31:13 | וְאַתָּ֞ה דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַ֥ךְ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ כִּי֩ א֨וֹת הִ֜וא בֵּינִ֤י וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | “And speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘You will be sure to keep my Sabbaths, for it is a sign between me and you for your generations, to know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you. | |
| Ex 31:14 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת כִּ֗י כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בָהּ֙ מְלָאכָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃ | So you shall keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. He who profanes it will surely be put to death, for as for anyone who does work on it, that person will be cut off from the midst of his people. |
will surely be put to death: infinitive absolute.
anyone ← everyone. person ... his ← soul ... its. |
| Ex 31:15 | שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֧ת שַׁבָּת֛וֹן קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֧ה מְלָאכָ֛ה בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | For six days work may be done, but on the seventh day, it is a Sabbath of holy sabbatic observance to the Lord. Anyone who does work on the Sabbath day shall surely be put to death.’ |
anyone ← everyone.
shall surely be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 31:16 | וְשָׁמְר֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת לַעֲשׂ֧וֹת אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֛ת לְדֹרֹתָ֖ם בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ | So the sons of Israel will keep the Sabbath, in celebrating the Sabbath, in their generations as an age-abiding covenant, | in celebrating ← in doing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 31:17 | בֵּינִ֗י וּבֵין֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל א֥וֹת הִ֖וא לְעֹלָ֑ם כִּי־שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שָׁבַ֖ת וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ׃ ס | between me and the sons of Israel. It is an age-abiding sign, for in six days the Lord made heaven and the earth, then on the seventh day he rested and was refreshed.” | |
| Ex 31:18 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֤ר אִתּוֹ֙ בְּהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י שְׁנֵ֖י לֻחֹ֣ת הָעֵדֻ֑ת לֻחֹ֣ת אֶ֔בֶן כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Then when he had finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, he gave Moses the two tablets of the testimony – tablets of stone – written on by the finger of God. | |
| Ex 32:1 | וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־בֹשֵׁ֥שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָרֶ֣דֶת מִן־הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעָ֜ם עַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ ק֣וּם ׀ עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ | But when people saw that Moses had delayed in coming down from the mountain, the people assembled to Aaron and said to him, “Get up and make us gods which will go before us. For as for this man Moses – who brought us up out of the land of Egypt – we do not know what has become of him.” |
Acts 7:40.
in coming down: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ex 32:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אַהֲרֹ֔ן פָּֽרְקוּ֙ נִזְמֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָבִ֖יאוּ אֵלָֽי׃ | Then Aaron said to them, “Break off the golden earrings which are on the ears of your wives, your sons and your daughters, and bring them to me.” | |
| Ex 32:3 | וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֶת־נִזְמֵ֥י הַזָּהָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃ | So all the people broke off the golden rings which were on their ears, and they brought them to Aaron. | |
| Ex 32:4 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח מִיָּדָ֗ם וַיָּ֤צַר אֹתוֹ֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And he took them from their hands, and he fashioned them with an engraving tool, and he had them make them into a cast calf, and they said, “These are your gods, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.” |
he took ... he fashioned ... he had them make: the last verbal form can be hiphil, i.e. causative, or qal, giving he made. But it is qal in Ex 32:35, although a causative sense may still be inferred.
them into ← it, i.e. the bulk of the gold (into). brought you up: the verb is plural. |
| Ex 32:5 | וַיַּ֣רְא אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לְפָנָ֑יו וַיִּקְרָ֤א אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר חַ֥ג לַיהוָ֖ה מָחָֽר׃ | And Aaron saw it, and he built an altar in front of it, and Aaron called out and said, “Tomorrow is a festival to the Lord.” |
Aaron saw it: as if it is someone else's work.
Aaron ... Aaron: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| Ex 32:6 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּעֲל֣וּ עֹלֹ֔ת וַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּ שְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הָעָם֙ לֶֽאֱכֹ֣ל וְשָׁת֔וֹ וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ לְצַחֵֽק׃ פ | Then they got up early on the next day and made burnt offerings and presented peace-offerings, and the people sat to eat and to drink, and they arose to make sport. |
1 Cor 10:7.
to drink: infinitive absolute in the role of an infinitive construct. |
| Ex 32:7 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה לֶךְ־רֵ֕ד כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱלֵ֖יתָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go, go down, for your people whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt have acted perversely. | |
| Ex 32:8 | סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | They have quickly departed from the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a cast calf and have worshipped it and sacrificed to it, and they have said, ‘These are your gods, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’ ” | |
| Ex 32:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and the conclusion is that it is a stiff-necked people. | the conclusion is that ← behold. |
| Ex 32:10 | וְעַתָּה֙ הַנִּ֣יחָה לִּ֔י וְיִֽחַר־אַפִּ֥י בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכַלֵּ֑ם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתְךָ֖ לְג֥וֹי גָּדֽוֹל׃ | So now, leave me, and my anger will be kindled against them, and I will consume them, but I will make you a great people.” | |
| Ex 32:11 | וַיְחַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לָמָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּךָ֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃ | But Moses pleaded with the Lord his God and said, “Why, O Lord, should your anger be kindled against your people whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand? | pleaded with ← appeased the face of. |
| Ex 32:12 | לָמָּה֩ יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר בְּרָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָם֙ לַהֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָם֙ בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה שׁ֚וּב מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ וְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־הָרָעָ֖ה לְעַמֶּֽךָ׃ | Why should the Egyptians speak and say, ‘He brought them out malevolently, to kill them in the mountains and to obliterate them from the face of the earth’? Relent from the fury of your anger and forbear about the evil to your people. |
the Egyptians ← Egypt, but see Gen 45:2.
earth ← ground. relent ← return. |
| Ex 32:13 | זְכֹ֡ר לְאַבְרָהָם֩ לְיִצְחָ֨ק וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתָּ לָהֶם֮ בָּךְ֒ וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבֶּה֙ אֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶתֵּן֙ לְזַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וְנָחֲל֖וּ לְעֹלָֽם׃ | Remember Abraham, Isaac and Israel your servants to whom you swore by yourself and said to them, ‘I will increase your seed like the stars of the sky, and I will give to your seed all this land of which I have spoken, and they will inherit it age-abidingly.’ ” | Heb 11:12. |
| Ex 32:14 | וַיִּנָּ֖חֶם יְהוָ֑ה עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְעַמּֽוֹ׃ פ | At this the Lord forbore about the evil which he had said he would do to his people. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Ex 32:15 | וַיִּ֜פֶן וַיֵּ֤רֶד מֹשֶׁה֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וּשְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָעֵדֻ֖ת בְּיָד֑וֹ לֻחֹ֗ת כְּתֻבִים֙ מִשְּׁנֵ֣י עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה הֵ֥ם כְּתֻבִֽים׃ | Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand – the tablets inscribed on both sides – on each side they were inscribed. |
with ← and.
both sides ← both their sides. |
| Ex 32:16 | וְהַ֨לֻּחֹ֔ת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה וְהַמִּכְתָּ֗ב מִכְתַּ֤ב אֱלֹהִים֙ ה֔וּא חָר֖וּת עַל־הַלֻּחֹֽת׃ | And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. | |
| Ex 32:17 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֧ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הָעָ֖ם בְּרֵעֹ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה׃ | Meanwhile Joshua heard the sound of the people as they shouted, and he said to Moses, “There is the sound of war in the camp.” | they shouted ← in its shouting. The ending is a hé as in Gen 13:3 ketiv. |
| Ex 32:18 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃ |
And he said,
“It is not the sound of shouting in bravery, And it is not the sound of shouting in defeat; I hear the sound of singing.” |
|
| Ex 32:19 | וַֽיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרַב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הָעֵ֖גֶל וּמְחֹלֹ֑ת וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ *מידו **מִיָּדָיו֙ אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וַיְשַׁבֵּ֥ר אֹתָ֖ם תַּ֥חַת הָהָֽר׃ | Then it came to pass as he was approaching the camp that he saw the calf and dancing, and Moses' anger was kindled, and he threw the tablets out of {Q: his hands,} [K: his hand,] and he broke them below the mountain. | The ketiv lacks the yod of the plural suffix, as in Ex 28:28. |
| Ex 32:20 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הָעֵ֨גֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּטְחַ֖ן עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק וַיִּ֙זֶר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he took the calf which they had made and burnt it in fire, and he ground it to fine dust, and he sprinkled it on the surface of the water, and he gave it to the sons of Israel to drink. | |
| Ex 32:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן מֶֽה־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖יו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה׃ | And Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you? For you have brought a great sin on them.” | them ← it. |
| Ex 32:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֔ן אַל־יִ֥חַר אַ֖ף אֲדֹנִ֑י אַתָּה֙ יָדַ֣עְתָּ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י בְרָ֖ע הֽוּא׃ | And Aaron said, “Do not let your anger be kindled, my lord. You know the people, how they walk in wickedness. | they walk ← it (is). |
| Ex 32:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לִ֔י עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵלְכ֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ | And they said to me, ‘Make us gods who will go before us, for as for this man Moses – who brought us up out of the land of Egypt – we don't know what has become of him.’ | |
| Ex 32:24 | וָאֹמַ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לְמִ֣י זָהָ֔ב הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ וַיִּתְּנוּ־לִ֑י וָאַשְׁלִכֵ֣הוּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הָעֵ֥גֶל הַזֶּֽה׃ | And I said to them, ‘Whoever has got gold, let them break it off.’ And they gave it to me, and I threw it in the fire, and this calf came out.” | |
| Ex 32:25 | וַיַּ֤רְא מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Moses saw the people, how they were unrestrained, for Aaron had left them to their devices, to the detriment caused by those of them who rose up. |
they were ← it (was).
left them to their devices ← left it wild / unrestrained, where the ending is a hé as in Gen 13:3 ketiv. |
| Ex 32:26 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃ | Then Moses stood at the camp gate and said, “Whoever is for the Lord, come to me.” And all the sons of Levi gathered round him. | gathered round ← were gathered to. |
| Ex 32:27 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׂ֥ימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּ֖וֹ עַל־יְרֵכ֑וֹ עִבְר֨וּ וָשׁ֜וּבוּ מִשַּׁ֤עַר לָשַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהִרְג֧וּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִ֛יו וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃ | And he said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Let every man put his sword to his thigh, and pass through and come back, from gate to gate in the camp, and let every man kill his brother, and let every man kill his neighbour, and let every man kill his kin.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
every man (4x): translating אִישׁ as every. |
| Ex 32:28 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־לֵוִ֖י כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֖י אִֽישׁ׃ | Then the sons of Levi acted according to Moses' word, and on that day about three thousand men of the people fell. | |
| Ex 32:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְכֶ֤ם הַיּוֹם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּבְנ֖וֹ וּבְאָחִ֑יו וְלָתֵ֧ת עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה׃ | Then Moses said, “Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord, for a man is against his son and against his brother, so that he gives you a blessing today.” |
consecrate yourselves ← fill your hand.
gives you a blessing ← gives / puts a blessing over you. |
| Ex 32:30 | וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אַתֶּ֥ם חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה וְעַתָּה֙ אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה אוּלַ֥י אֲכַפְּרָ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד חַטַּאתְכֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people, “You have committed a great sin, so now I will go up to the Lord – perhaps I can atone for your sin.” | committed a great sin ← sinned a great sin. |
| Ex 32:31 | וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | So Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Please, this people has committed a great sin, and they have made themselves gods of gold. | committed a great sin ← sinned a great sin. |
| Ex 32:32 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑ם וְאִם־אַ֕יִן מְחֵ֣נִי נָ֔א מִֽסִּפְרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּתָֽבְתָּ׃ | And now, if you will forgive their sin ... ; but if not, please blot me out of your book which you have written.” |
book which you have written: if we take this as the book of life, compare Phil 4:3, Rev 3:5, Rev 13:8, Rev 17:8, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:15, Rev 21:27. Some other references: Deut 9:14, Deut 25:19, Deut 29:20 (Deut 29:21AV), Ps 56:9 (Ps 56:8AV), Ps 69:29 (Ps 69:28AV), Ps 139:16, Ezek 13:9.
The conditional construction ↴ |
| Ex 32:33 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י אֶמְחֶ֖נּוּ מִסִּפְרִֽי׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “It is he who sins against me whom I will blot out of my book. | ↳ is unfinished (ellipsis of the apodosis) for effect. For the ellipsis, one could supply so much the better, but the ↴ |
| Ex 32:34 | וְעַתָּ֞ה לֵ֣ךְ ׀ נְחֵ֣ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם אֶ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ לָ֔ךְ הִנֵּ֥ה מַלְאָכִ֖י יֵלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְי֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֔י וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽם׃ | And now, go, lead the people to where I have told you. Behold, my angel will go before you, and on the day of my visitation, I will visit their sin on them.” | ↳ matter is too grave for a hint of such a presumption in the text. [CB] calls the figure of speech aposiopesis, a sudden silence. |
| Ex 32:35 | וַיִּגֹּ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעָ֑ם עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָעֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן׃ ס | And the Lord struck the people because they had made the calf which Aaron had let be made. | had let be made ← had made, but we infer the causality, because Aaron is not accredited with artisanry skills, and the first half of the verse ascribes the work to the people. |
| Ex 33:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ לֵ֣ךְ עֲלֵ֣ה מִזֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֣ה וְהָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱלִ֖יתָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֠שְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לְיִצְחָ֤ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְזַרְעֲךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶֽנָּה׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Depart, move up from here, you and the people which you brought up out of the land of Egypt to the land about which I swore to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob and said, ‘I will give it to your seed.’ | |
| Ex 33:2 | וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י לְפָנֶ֖יךָ מַלְאָ֑ךְ וְגֵֽרַשְׁתִּ֗י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י וְהַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive the Canaanite, the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ex 33:3 | אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֶֽעֱלֶ֜ה בְּקִרְבְּךָ֗ כִּ֤י עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֙רֶף֙ אַ֔תָּה פֶּן־אֲכֶלְךָ֖ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | into a land flowing with milk and honey, for I will not go up in your midst, for you are a stiff-necked people, so that I do not obliterate you on the way.” | The LXX inserts and I will lead you, but no Hebrew manuscript known to [BHS] has this. The statement is bad news (see next verse). |
| Ex 33:4 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה וַיִּתְאַבָּ֑לוּ וְלֹא־שָׁ֛תוּ אִ֥ישׁ עֶדְי֖וֹ עָלָֽיו׃ | When the people heard this bad piece of news, they mourned, and no-one put any ornament on. |
piece of news ← word.
any ornament on ← his ornament on himself. |
| Ex 33:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אַתֶּ֣ם עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֔רֶף רֶ֧גַע אֶחָ֛ד אֶֽעֱלֶ֥ה בְקִרְבְּךָ֖ וְכִלִּיתִ֑יךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה הוֹרֵ֤ד עֶדְיְךָ֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְאֵדְעָ֖ה מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. In one moment I will come up into your midst and obliterate you. So now, take your ornaments off, and I will know what I will do to you.’ ” | take your ornaments off ← take your ornament off from yourself. |
| Ex 33:6 | וַיִּֽתְנַצְּל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־עֶדְיָ֖ם מֵהַ֥ר חוֹרֵֽב׃ | So the sons of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by Mount Horeb. | by ← from, but also at, in, by [AnLx]. |
| Ex 33:7 | וּמֹשֶׁה֩ יִקַּ֨ח אֶת־הָאֹ֜הֶל וְנָֽטָה־ל֣וֹ ׀ מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה הַרְחֵק֙ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְקָ֥רָא ל֖וֹ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהָיָה֙ כָּל־מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה יֵצֵא֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And Moses took the tent and pitched it outside the camp, far from the camp, and he called it the tent of contact, and it came to pass that everyone who was seeking the Lord would come out to the tent of contact, which was outside the camp. | everyone: the situation becomes much more restricted in Num 18:22. |
| Ex 33:8 | וְהָיָ֗ה כְּצֵ֤את מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָאֹ֔הֶל יָק֙וּמוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וְנִ֨צְּב֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ פֶּ֣תַח אָהֳל֑וֹ וְהִבִּ֙יטוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַד־בֹּא֖וֹ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃ | And it came to pass, when Moses came out to the tent, that all the people arose, and everyone stood at the entrance to his own tent, and they watched Moses until he had gone into the tent. | watched ← watched after, i.e. kept an eye on. |
| Ex 33:9 | וְהָיָ֗ה כְּבֹ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה יֵרֵד֙ עַמּ֣וּד הֶֽעָנָ֔ן וְעָמַ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וְדִבֶּ֖ר עִם־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And it came to pass, when Moses had gone into the tent, that the column of cloud descended and stood at the entrance to the tent, and he spoke with Moses. | |
| Ex 33:10 | וְרָאָ֤ה כָל־הָעָם֙ אֶת־עַמּ֣וּד הֶֽעָנָ֔ן עֹמֵ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וְקָ֤ם כָּל־הָעָם֙ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ פֶּ֥תַח אָהֳלֽוֹ׃ | And all the people saw the column of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, and all the people arose and worshipped – each one at the entrance to his tent. | |
| Ex 33:11 | וְדִבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְשָׁב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וּמְשָׁ֨רְת֜וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ נַ֔עַר לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֹֽהֶל׃ ס | And the Lord spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his neighbour, and he returned to the camp, but his attendant Joshua the son of Nun, a lad, did not move from the inside of the tent. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 33:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה רְ֠אֵה אַתָּ֞ה אֹמֵ֤ר אֵלַי֙ הַ֚עַל אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א הֽוֹדַעְתַּ֔נִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁלַ֖ח עִמִּ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ יְדַעְתִּ֣יךָֽ בְשֵׁ֔ם וְגַם־מָצָ֥אתָ חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָֽי׃ | Then Moses said to the Lord, “Look, you say to me, ‘Bring this people up’, but you have not made known to me whom you will send with me, yet you said, ‘I know you by name, and also you have found grace in my sight.’ | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ex 33:13 | וְעַתָּ֡ה אִם־נָא֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֜ן בְּעֵינֶ֗יךָ הוֹדִעֵ֤נִי נָא֙ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֔ךָ וְאֵדָ֣עֲךָ֔ לְמַ֥עַן אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּרְאֵ֕ה כִּ֥י עַמְּךָ֖ הַגּ֥וֹי הַזֶּֽה׃ | So now, please, if I have found grace in your sight, please make your way known to me so that I may know you, in order that I may find grace in your sight. And have in view that this nation is your people.” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
this nation is your people: in the Hebrew, the complement precedes the subject, with the verb to be understood. |
| Ex 33:14 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר פָּנַ֥י יֵלֵ֖כוּ וַהֲנִחֹ֥תִי לָֽךְ׃ | And he said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.” | my presence ← my face. |
| Ex 33:15 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑יו אִם־אֵ֤ין פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ הֹלְכִ֔ים אַֽל־תַּעֲלֵ֖נוּ מִזֶּֽה׃ | And he said to him, “If your presence does not go with us, do not lead us up from here, | |
| Ex 33:16 | וּבַמֶּ֣ה ׀ יִוָּדַ֣ע אֵפ֗וֹא כִּֽי־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמֶּ֔ךָ הֲל֖וֹא בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֣ עִמָּ֑נוּ וְנִפְלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמְּךָ֔ מִכָּ֨ל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ פ | for by what means would it be known then that I have found grace in your sight, I and your people? Is it not in that you go with us, and we are distinguished – I and your people – from every other people which is on the face of the earth?” | earth ← ground. |
| Ex 33:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֑ה כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתָ חֵן֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י וָאֵדָעֲךָ֖ בְּשֵֽׁם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “I will do this thing also, which you have said, for you have found grace in my sight, and I know you by name.” | |
| Ex 33:18 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַרְאֵ֥נִי נָ֖א אֶת־כְּבֹדֶֽךָ׃ | Then he said, “Please show me your glory.” | |
| Ex 33:19 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֲנִ֨י אַעֲבִ֤יר כָּל־טוּבִי֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יךָ וְקָרָ֧אתִֽי בְשֵׁ֛ם יְהוָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְחַנֹּתִי֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָחֹ֔ן וְרִחַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲרַחֵֽם׃ | And he said, “I will bring all my goodness upon you, and I will make proclamation in the name of the Lord before you, and I will show grace to whom I will show grace, and I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy.” |
Rom 9:15.
upon you ← upon your face. |
| Ex 33:20 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־פָּנָ֑י כִּ֛י לֹֽא־יִרְאַ֥נִי הָאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי׃ | But he said, “You will not be able to see my face, for man does not see me and live.” | |
| Ex 33:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה מָק֖וֹם אִתִּ֑י וְנִצַּבְתָּ֖ עַל־הַצּֽוּר׃ | And the Lord said, “Here is a place with me, and you shall stand on the rock. | here is ← behold. |
| Ex 33:22 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּעֲבֹ֣ר כְּבֹדִ֔י וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךָ בְּנִקְרַ֣ת הַצּ֑וּר וְשַׂכֹּתִ֥י כַפִּ֛י עָלֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָבְרִֽי׃ | And it will come to pass, when my glory passes across, that I will place you on a cleft in the rock, and I will cover you with my hand, until I have passed through. | |
| Ex 33:23 | וַהֲסִרֹתִי֙ אֶת־כַּפִּ֔י וְרָאִ֖יתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑י וּפָנַ֖י לֹ֥א יֵרָאֽוּ׃ ס | Then I will remove my hand, and you will see my back, but my face will not be seen.” | back ← back parts. |
| Ex 34:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה פְּסָל־לְךָ֛ שְׁנֵֽי־לֻחֹ֥ת אֲבָנִ֖ים כָּרִאשֹׁנִ֑ים וְכָתַבְתִּי֙ עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֛וּ עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֥ת הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Hew out for yourself two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on the tablets the words which were on the first tablets, which you broke. | |
| Ex 34:2 | וֶהְיֵ֥ה נָכ֖וֹן לַבֹּ֑קֶר וְעָלִ֤יתָ בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וְנִצַּבְתָּ֥ לִ֛י שָׁ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָֽר׃ | And be ready in the morning and go up in the morning to Mount Sinai and present yourself to me there on the summit of the mountain. |
in ← for.
present yourself ← be placed. |
| Ex 34:3 | וְאִישׁ֙ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְגַם־אִ֥ישׁ אַל־יֵרָ֖א בְּכָל־הָהָ֑ר גַּם־הַצֹּ֤אן וְהַבָּקָר֙ אַל־יִרְע֔וּ אֶל־מ֖וּל הָהָ֥ר הַהֽוּא׃ | And no-one shall go up with you, and moreover let no-one be seen anywhere on the mountain, nor shall sheep or cattle graze near that mountain.” |
anywhere ← on the whole of.
near ← opposite, over against. |
| Ex 34:4 | וַיִּפְסֹ֡ל שְׁנֵֽי־לֻחֹ֨ת אֲבָנִ֜ים כָּרִאשֹׁנִ֗ים וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם מֹשֶׁ֤ה בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וַיַּ֙עַל֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י לֻחֹ֥ת אֲבָנִֽים׃ | So he hewed out two stone tablets like the first ones, and Moses got up early in the morning and went up to Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, and he took the two stone tablets in his hand. | |
| Ex 34:5 | וַיֵּ֤רֶד יְהוָה֙ בֶּֽעָנָ֔ן וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֥ב עִמּ֖וֹ שָׁ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א בְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and made proclamation in the name of the Lord. | |
| Ex 34:6 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה ׀ עַל־פָּנָיו֮ וַיִּקְרָא֒ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֥ל רַח֖וּם וְחַנּ֑וּן אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם וְרַב־חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת ׀ | And the Lord passed by alongside him and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord, merciful and gracious God, slow to anger and abundant in kindness and truth, |
alongside him ← over / at his face.
slow to anger ← length of anger. |
| Ex 34:7 | נֹצֵ֥ר חֶ֙סֶד֙ לָאֲלָפִ֔ים נֹשֵׂ֥א עָוֺ֛ן וָפֶ֖שַׁע וְחַטָּאָ֑ה וְנַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה פֹּקֵ֣ד ׀ עֲוֺ֣ן אָב֗וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וְעַל־בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִֽים׃ | maintaining kindness to thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who certainly does not pronounce innocent, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on sons and grandsons up to the third and fourth generations.” | certainly does not pronounce innocent: infinitive absolute. |
| Ex 34:8 | וַיְמַהֵ֖ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּקֹּ֥ד אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ | Then Moses was quick to bow down to the ground, and he worshipped. | |
| Ex 34:9 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר אִם־נָא֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּקִרְבֵּ֑נוּ כִּ֤י עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֙רֶף֙ ה֔וּא וְסָלַחְתָּ֛ לַעֲוֺנֵ֥נוּ וּלְחַטָּאתֵ֖נוּ וּנְחַלְתָּֽנוּ׃ | And he said, “Please, if I have found grace in your sight, O Lord*, please let the Lord* go in our midst, for it is a stiff-necked people, but pardon our iniquity and our sin and acquire us as an inheritance.” |
Lord* (2x): a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
pardon ... acquire ← you will pardon ... you will acquire. Conversive past as an imperative. |
| Ex 34:10 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִי֮ כֹּרֵ֣ת בְּרִית֒ נֶ֤גֶד כָּֽל־עַמְּךָ֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה נִפְלָאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־נִבְרְא֥וּ בְכָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבְכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְרָאָ֣ה כָל־הָ֠עָם אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֨ה בְקִרְבּ֜וֹ אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־נוֹרָ֣א ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | Then he said, “Look, I am about to make a covenant. In the presence of all your people, I will perform wonders which have not been produced in all the earth or among any of the nations, and all the people in whose midst you are will see the work of the Lord, for it is a fearful thing which I am about to do with you. |
produced ← created.
any ← all. you: singular. |
| Ex 34:11 | שְׁמָ֨ר־לְךָ֔ אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוְּךָ֣ הַיּ֑וֹם הִנְנִ֧י גֹרֵ֣שׁ מִפָּנֶ֗יךָ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | Observe what I am about to command you today, and you will see that I will drive out the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite away from you. |
observe ← keep for yourself, but also observe.
you will see that ← behold. Amorite: see Gen 10:16. away from you ← from your presence. |
| Ex 34:12 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֗ פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֤ת בְּרִית֙ לְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה בָּ֣א עָלֶ֑יהָ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְמוֹקֵ֖שׁ בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | Beware that you do not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land which you are going into, in case it becomes a snare in your midst. |
inhabitants ← inhabitant.
into ← onto. |
| Ex 34:13 | כִּ֤י אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָם֙ תִּתֹּצ֔וּן וְאֶת־מַצֵּבֹתָ֖ם תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן וְאֶת־אֲשֵׁרָ֖יו תִּכְרֹתֽוּן׃ | For you will demolish their altars and break up their idolatrous statues, and you will cut down their phallic parks. | their ← its. |
| Ex 34:14 | כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמ֔וֹ אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃ | For you shall not worship any other god, for the Lord has the name ‘Jealous’. He is a jealous God. | |
| Ex 34:15 | פֶּן־תִּכְרֹ֥ת בְּרִ֖ית לְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ וְזָנ֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֗ם וְזָבְחוּ֙ לֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם וְקָרָ֣א לְךָ֔ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ מִזִּבְחֽוֹ׃ | Beware that you do not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land and they go whoring after their gods and sacrifice to their gods, or someone invites you, and you eat from his sacrifice, |
inhabitants ← inhabitant.
they go whoring: i.e. the sons of Israel go whoring. |
| Ex 34:16 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ מִבְּנֹתָ֖יו לְבָנֶ֑יךָ וְזָנ֣וּ בְנֹתָ֗יו אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ן וְהִזְנוּ֙ אֶת־בָּנֶ֔יךָ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃ | or you take their daughters for your sons, and their daughters go whoring after their gods, and they make your sons go whoring after their gods. | their daughters ... their daughters ← from his daughters ... his daughters. |
| Ex 34:17 | אֱלֹהֵ֥י מַסֵּכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | You shall not make yourself cast gods. | cast gods ← gods of casting, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 34:18 | אֶת־חַ֣ג הַמַּצּוֹת֮ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ שִׁבְעַ֨ת יָמִ֜ים תֹּאכַ֤ל מַצּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ךָ לְמוֹעֵ֖ד חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָאָבִ֑יב כִּ֚י בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב יָצָ֖אתָ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | You shall observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread; for seven days you will eat unleavened bread as I commanded you, at the fixed time in the month of Abib, for you came out of Egypt in the month of Abib. | as ← which. |
| Ex 34:19 | כָּל־פֶּ֥טֶר רֶ֖חֶם לִ֑י וְכָֽל־מִקְנְךָ֙ תִּזָּכָ֔ר פֶּ֖טֶר שׁ֥וֹר וָשֶֽׂה׃ | Everyone who opens the womb is mine, as is all male cattle of yours which opens the womb, whether ox or sheep. | male ← born a male. |
| Ex 34:20 | וּפֶ֤טֶר חֲמוֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתּ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל בְּכ֤וֹר בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְדֶּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃ | And you will redeem a donkey which opens the womb with a sheep, and if you do not redeem it, you will break its neck. You will redeem every firstborn of your sons, so that {P: none shall see my face empty-handed} [M: my presence will not be seen in vain]. | An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= יִרְאוּ etc. AV differs. |
| Ex 34:21 | שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּעֲבֹ֔ד וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת בֶּחָרִ֥ישׁ וּבַקָּצִ֖יר תִּשְׁבֹּֽת׃ | For six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you will desist; whether in time of ploughing or in time of harvest, you will desist. | |
| Ex 34:22 | וְחַ֤ג שָׁבֻעֹת֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה לְךָ֔ בִּכּוּרֵ֖י קְצִ֣יר חִטִּ֑ים וְחַג֙ הָֽאָסִ֔יף תְּקוּפַ֖ת הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ | And you will observe the Festival of Weeks, at the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Festival of the Ingathering in the cycle of the year. |
observe ← do for yourself.
cycle: or period. |
| Ex 34:23 | שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה יֵרָאֶה֙ כָּל־זְכ֣וּרְךָ֔ אֶת־פְּנֵ֛י הָֽאָדֹ֥ן ׀ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Three times a year all your males {P: will see the face of} [M: will appear before] the Lord, the Lord God of Israel. | An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= יִרְאֶה etc. This is supported by the accusative marker, אֶת, et. AV differs. |
| Ex 34:24 | כִּֽי־אוֹרִ֤ישׁ גּוֹיִם֙ מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ וְהִרְחַבְתִּ֖י אֶת־גְּבוּלֶ֑ךָ וְלֹא־יַחְמֹ֥ד אִישׁ֙ אֶֽת־אַרְצְךָ֔ בַּעֲלֹֽתְךָ֗ לֵרָאוֹת֙ אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ | For I will dispossess nations before you, and I will broaden your border, and no-one will want your land when you go up {P: to see the face of} [M: to appear before] the Lord your God three times per year. |
An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= לִרְאוֹת etc. AV differs.
three times per year: see Ex 23:14. |
| Ex 34:25 | לֹֽא־תִשְׁחַ֥ט עַל־חָמֵ֖ץ דַּם־זִבְחִ֑י וְלֹא־יָלִ֣ין לַבֹּ֔קֶר זֶ֖בַח חַ֥ג הַפָּֽסַח׃ | You shall not slaughter anything for the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, and the sacrifice of the Festival of the Passover shall not remain until the morning. | |
| Ex 34:26 | רֵאשִׁ֗ית בִּכּוּרֵי֙ אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ תָּבִ֕יא בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | You shall bring the beginning of the firstfruits of your land to the house of the Lord your God. You shall not cook a goat-kid in its mother's milk.” | |
| Ex 34:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּתָב־לְךָ֖ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֞י עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה כָּרַ֧תִּי אִתְּךָ֛ בְּרִ֖ית וְאֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write these things down for yourself, because it is according to these things that I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” | |
| Ex 34:28 | וַֽיְהִי־שָׁ֣ם עִם־יְהוָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔ל וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתָ֑ה וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֗ת אֵ֚ת דִּבְרֵ֣י הַבְּרִ֔ית עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִֽים׃ | And he was there with the Lord for forty days and forty nights. He did not eat bread and he did not drink water, and he wrote the words of the covenant on the tablets – the ten commandments. | commandments ← words, but also commandments. |
| Ex 34:29 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּרֶ֤דֶת מֹשֶׁה֙ מֵהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וּשְׁנֵ֨י לֻחֹ֤ת הָֽעֵדֻת֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּרִדְתּ֖וֹ מִן־הָהָ֑ר וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה לֹֽא־יָדַ֗ע כִּ֥י קָרַ֛ן ע֥וֹר פָּנָ֖יו בְּדַבְּר֥וֹ אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in Moses' hand as he came down from the mountain, that Moses did not know that the skin of his face was shining from talking with him. | Moses ... Moses' ... Moses: the repetition of the name (rather than using a pronoun) is otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| Ex 34:30 | וַיַּ֨רְא אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכָל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה קָרַ֖ן ע֣וֹר פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מִגֶּ֥שֶׁת אֵלָֽיו׃ | And Aaron, and all the sons of Israel, saw Moses, and it was apparent that the skin of his face was shining, and they were afraid to approach him. | it was apparent that ← behold. |
| Ex 34:31 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ אֵלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְכָל־הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים בָּעֵדָ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ | And Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders in the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. | |
| Ex 34:32 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֥ן נִגְּשׁ֖וּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְצַוֵּ֕ם אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אִתּ֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | And after that, all the sons of Israel approached, and he commanded them everything that the Lord had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. | |
| Ex 34:33 | וַיְכַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אִתָּ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֥ן עַל־פָּנָ֖יו מַסְוֶֽה׃ | Then Moses finished speaking with them, and he put a covering over his face. | then Moses finished: AV differs (And till Moses had done). |
| Ex 34:34 | וּבְבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ יָסִ֥יר אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶ֖ה עַד־צֵאת֑וֹ וְיָצָ֗א וְדִבֶּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְצֻוֶּֽה׃ | Then when Moses came before the Lord to speak with him, he removed the covering until he went out. Then he went out and spoke to the sons of Israel what he had been commanded. | |
| Ex 34:35 | וְרָא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה כִּ֣י קָרַ֔ן ע֖וֹר פְּנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְהֵשִׁ֨יב מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה֙ עַל־פָּנָ֔יו עַד־בֹּא֖וֹ לְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ ס | And the sons of Israel saw Moses' face, for the skin of Moses' face was shining. Then Moses put the cover back over his face, until he went to speak with him. | |
| Ex 35:1 | וַיַּקְהֵ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם׃ | Then Moses convened the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, and he said to them, “These are the words which the Lord commanded us to do. | |
| Ex 35:2 | שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃ | For six days you shall do work, but on the seventh day you will have a holy Sabbath of sabbatic observance to the Lord. Everyone who does work on it will be put to death. | shall: or can. Various modalities are covered by the verbal form. |
| Ex 35:3 | לֹא־תְבַעֲר֣וּ אֵ֔שׁ בְּכֹ֖ל מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּי֖וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ פ | You shall not light a fire in any of your dwelling places on the Sabbath day.” | any ← every. |
| Ex 35:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Moses spoke to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel and said, “This is what the Lord commanded and said: | what ← the thing which. |
| Ex 35:5 | קְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | ‘Take from your company a heave-offering to the Lord; let everyone who is willing in his heart bring it – the Lord's heave-offering – gold and silver and copper, |
from your company ← from with you.
willing in his heart ← willing of his heart. |
| Ex 35:6 | וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים׃ | and blue and purple and scarlet material, and fine linen and goat's hair, | |
| Ex 35:7 | וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַעֲצֵ֥י שִׂטִּֽים׃ | and rams' skins dyed red and badgers' skins and acacia wood, | |
| Ex 35:8 | וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ | and oil for the lamp, and fragrances for anointing oil and for aromatic incense, | aromatic incense ← incense of (aromatic) spices. |
| Ex 35:9 | וְאַ֨בְנֵי־שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | and onyx gemstones and set gemstones for the ephod and for the breastplate. | |
| Ex 35:10 | וְכָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָֽה׃ | And let every skilled man among you come and make everything that the Lord commanded: | skilled ← wise-hearted. |
| Ex 35:11 | אֶת־הַ֨מִּשְׁכָּ֔ן אֶֽת־אָהֳל֖וֹ וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֑הוּ אֶת־קְרָסָיו֙ וְאֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֕ו אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנָֽיו׃ | the tabernacle, its tent and its covering, its clasps and its boards, its bolts, its columns and its sockets, | its bolts: so pointed, but not the regular consonantal spelling, which is its bolt. A ketiv / qeré issue in [BHS] but (deliberately) not [WLC]. In Ex 40:18 the regular plural form is used. |
| Ex 35:12 | אֶת־הָאָרֹ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶת וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ׃ | the ark and its poles, the atonement cover and the screening veil, | screening veil ← veil of the screen, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 35:13 | אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים׃ | the table and its poles and all its equipment, and the showbread, | |
| Ex 35:14 | וְאֶת־מְנֹרַ֧ת הַמָּא֛וֹר וְאֶת־כֵּלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־נֵרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר׃ | the lampstand for illumination and its equipment and its lamps, and the oil for light, | for (2x) ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 35:15 | וְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַקְּטֹ֙רֶת֙ וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֔יו וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לְפֶ֥תַח הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | and the incense altar and its poles, and the anointing oil, and the aromatic incense, and the screen at the entrance, for the entrance to the tabernacle, | screen at ... entrance to ← screen of ... entrance of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 35:16 | אֵ֣ת ׀ מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֗ה וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃ | the altar for the burnt offering and the copper grate which goes with it, its poles and all its equipment, the laver and its pedestal, | |
| Ex 35:17 | אֵ֚ת קַלְעֵ֣י הֶחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | the drapes for the courtyard, its columns and its sockets and the screen to the gate of the courtyard, | |
| Ex 35:18 | אֶת־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶחָצֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מֵיתְרֵיהֶֽם׃ | the pegs of the tabernacle and the pegs of the courtyard and their guylines, | |
| Ex 35:19 | אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן׃ | the garments of office so as to serve in the holy place – the holy garments of Aaron the priest and his sons' garments – so as to officiate as a priest.’ ” | holy garments ← garments of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 35:20 | וַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִלִּפְנֵ֥י מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Then all the congregation of the sons of Israel left Moses' presence, | |
| Ex 35:21 | וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כָּל־אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נָדְבָ֨ה רוּח֜וֹ אֹת֗וֹ הֵ֠בִיאוּ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לִמְלֶ֨אכֶת אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּלְכָל־עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ וּלְבִגְדֵ֖י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | and every man who so felt moved in his heart and everyone whose spirit so impelled him brought the Lord's heave-offering for the artisanry of the tent of contact and for all its work and for the holy garments. |
so felt moved in his heart ← whose heart lifted him.
its: AV differs (His). Both are grammatically possible. |
| Ex 35:22 | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים עַל־הַנָּשִׁ֑ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ נְדִ֣יב לֵ֗ב הֵ֠בִיאוּ חָ֣ח וָנֶ֜זֶם וְטַבַּ֤עַת וְכוּמָז֙ כָּל־כְּלִ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכָל־אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵנִ֛יף תְּנוּפַ֥ת זָהָ֖ב לַיהוָֽה׃ | And the men came with the women – everyone who was willing in his heart – and brought a nosering or an earring or a finger-ring or a brooch or any item of gold. And as for every man who made a wave-offering of gold to the Lord, |
willing in his heart ← willing of heart.
any ← every. made ← waved. |
| Ex 35:23 | וְכָל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֣א אִתּ֗וֹ תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ וְעִזִּ֑ים וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ | and every man with whom blue, purple and scarlet material, and fine linen, and goat's hair and rams' skins dyed red and badgers' skins was available, he brought these things. | available ← found. |
| Ex 35:24 | כָּל־מֵרִ֗ים תְּר֤וּמַת כֶּ֙סֶף֙ וּנְחֹ֔שֶׁת הֵבִ֕יאוּ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א אִתּ֜וֹ עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֛ים לְכָל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ | Everyone who made a heave-offering of silver or copper brought the Lord's heave-offering, and everyone with whom acacia wood was available for any artisanry in the work brought it. |
available ← found.
any ← every. |
| Ex 35:25 | וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֥ה חַכְמַת־לֵ֖ב בְּיָדֶ֣יהָ טָו֑וּ וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ מַטְוֶ֗ה אֶֽת־הַתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן אֶת־תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ | And every woman skilled in handiwork spun and brought yarn – the blue and purple and scarlet yarn and the fine linen. | skilled in handiwork ← wise-hearted in her hands. |
| Ex 35:26 | וְכָל־הַ֨נָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָשָׂ֥א לִבָּ֛ן אֹתָ֖נָה בְּחָכְמָ֑ה טָו֖וּ אֶת־הָעִזִּֽים׃ | And all the women who felt moved in their heart with skill spun the goat's hair. |
who felt moved in their heart ← whose heart lifted them.
skill ← wisdom. |
| Ex 35:27 | וְהַנְּשִׂאִ֣ם הֵבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֚ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם וְאֵ֖ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | And the leaders brought the onyx gemstones and the gemstones to be set, for the ephod and the breastplate, | |
| Ex 35:28 | וְאֶת־הַבֹּ֖שֶׂם וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑מֶן לְמָא֕וֹר וּלְשֶׁ֙מֶן֙ הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ | and the fragrances, and the oil for the lamp, and the anointing oil, and the aromatic incense. | |
| Ex 35:29 | כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֣ב לִבָּם֮ אֹתָם֒ לְהָבִיא֙ לְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֑ה הֵבִ֧יאוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל נְדָבָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | Every man and woman whose heart impelled them to bring any of the materials which the Lord had commanded to make, through the intermediacy of Moses – all such sons of Israel brought a freewill-offering to the Lord. |
any ← all.
materials ← work, business. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Ex 35:30 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רְא֛וּ קָרָ֥א יְהוָ֖ה בְּשֵׁ֑ם בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אוּרִ֥י בֶן־ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Then Moses said to the sons of Israel, “Look, the Lord has called Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, by name, | Bezalel: see Ex 31:2. |
| Ex 35:31 | וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּחָכְמָ֛ה בִּתְבוּנָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃ | and he has filled him with the spirit of God in wisdom and in understanding and in competence, and these in every kind of craftsmanship, | competence ← knowledge, but with a wider scope. |
| Ex 35:32 | וְלַחְשֹׁ֖ב מַֽחַשָׁבֹ֑ת לַעֲשֹׂ֛ת בַּזָּהָ֥ב וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | and to devise designs to make in gold and in silver and in copper, | |
| Ex 35:33 | וּבַחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת אֶ֛בֶן לְמַלֹּ֖את וּבַחֲרֹ֣שֶׁת עֵ֑ץ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּכָל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת מַחֲשָֽׁבֶת׃ | and in shaping of gemstones to set and in carving wood to use in any craftsmanship by design. |
shaping ← sculpture.
use ← make. any ← every. by design ← of design. |
| Ex 35:34 | וּלְהוֹרֹ֖ת נָתַ֣ן בְּלִבּ֑וֹ ה֕וּא וְאָֽהֳלִיאָ֥ב בֶּן־אֲחִיסָמָ֖ךְ לְמַטֵּה־דָֽן׃ | And he has put it in his heart to teach, in his and in that of Aholiab the son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan. | Aholiab: see Ex 31:6. |
| Ex 35:35 | מִלֵּ֨א אֹתָ֜ם חָכְמַת־לֵ֗ב לַעֲשׂוֹת֮ כָּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת חָרָ֣שׁ ׀ וְחֹשֵׁב֒ וְרֹקֵ֞ם בַּתְּכֵ֣לֶת וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֗ן בְּתוֹלַ֧עַת הַשָּׁנִ֛י וּבַשֵּׁ֖שׁ וְאֹרֵ֑ג עֹשֵׂי֙ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֔ה וְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י מַחֲשָׁבֹֽת׃ | He has filled them with skill to make all the artisanry – of the engraver and the damask weaver and the embroiderer in blue and purple and scarlet material and fine linen, and the weaver – the makers of all the artisanry and the producers of designs.” |
skill ← wisdom of heart.
damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 36:1 | וְעָשָׂה֩ בְצַלְאֵ֨ל וְאָהֳלִיאָ֜ב וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֗ב אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה חָכְמָ֤ה וּתְבוּנָה֙ בָּהֵ֔מָּה לָדַ֣עַת לַעֲשֹׂ֔ת אֶֽת־כָּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Bezalel and Aholiab started work, as did every skilful man in whom the Lord had put wisdom and understanding, so that they would know how to make all the artisanry of the work of the holy place, according to everything that the Lord had commanded. |
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2.
Aholiab: see Ex 31:6. started work ← worked. skilful ← wise-hearted. |
| Ex 36:2 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶל־בְּצַלְאֵ֘ל וְאֶל־אָֽהֳלִיאָב֒ וְאֶל֙ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה חָכְמָ֖ה בְּלִבּ֑וֹ כֹּ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֔וֹ לְקָרְבָ֥ה אֶל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ׃ | And Moses called for Bezalel and for Aholiab and for every skilful man in whose heart the Lord had put wisdom – everyone whose heart had impelled him to launch into the artisanry and to make it. |
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2.
Aholiab: see Ex 31:6. skilful ← wise-hearted. launch into ← approach. |
| Ex 36:3 | וַיִּקְח֞וּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּרוּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִמְלֶ֛אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַעֲשֹׂ֣ת אֹתָ֑הּ וְ֠הֵם הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֵלָ֥יו ע֛וֹד נְדָבָ֖ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And they took from Moses all the heave-offering which the sons of Israel had brought for the artisanry of the work of the holy place, with which to make it, and they brought an additional freewill-offering to him each morning. |
from ← from before.
each morning ← in the morning in the morning. |
| Ex 36:4 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ כָּל־הַ֣חֲכָמִ֔ים הָעֹשִׂ֕ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אִֽישׁ־אִ֥ישׁ מִמְּלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִֽׂים׃ | And all the skilled men who were making all the artisanry of the holy place came, each one from his work which they were doing. | skilled ← wise. |
| Ex 36:5 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה לֵּאמֹ֔ר מַרְבִּ֥ים הָעָ֖ם לְהָבִ֑יא מִדֵּ֤י הָֽעֲבֹדָה֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ׃ | And they spoke with Moses and said, “The people are bringing more than enough for the work of the artisanry which the Lord commanded them to make.” | of the artisanry ← for the artisanry. |
| Ex 36:6 | וַיְצַ֣ו מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַל־יַעֲשׂוּ־ע֛וֹד מְלָאכָ֖ה לִתְרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם מֵהָבִֽיא׃ | Then Moses gave the commandment, and they caused word to be passed around in the camp and said, “Don't let any man or woman make any more contribution to the heave-offering of the holy place.” So the people were restrained from bringing anything more. |
they caused word to be passed around ← they passed a voice.
contribution ← artisanry. |
| Ex 36:7 | וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַיָּ֛ם לְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֹתָ֑הּ וְהוֹתֵֽר׃ ס | And the materials were sufficient for them, for all the artisanry, to make it, and there was surplus. |
materials ← artisanry.
there was surplus: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. See [Ges-HG] §113z. |
| Ex 36:8 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ כָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֜ב בְּעֹשֵׂ֧י הַמְּלָאכָ֛ה אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י כְּרֻבִ֛ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And all the skilled men among those making the artisanry made the tabernacle, ten curtains, fine twined linen, and blue and purple and scarlet material. As for the cherubim, it was with the work of a damask weaver that he made them. |
Ex 26:1-26:37 describes the curtains and boards and related artefacts of the tabernacle.
skilled ← wise-hearted. cherubim: apparently there are cherubim in the motifs in the curtains. |
| Ex 36:9 | אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֙חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לְכָל־הַיְרִיעֹֽת׃ | The length of one curtain was twenty-eight cubits, and the width was four cubits for one curtain. There was one size for all the curtains. |
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
all the curtains ← every curtain. |
| Ex 36:10 | וַיְחַבֵּר֙ אֶת־חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת וְחָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חִבַּ֔ר אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת׃ | Then he joined the five curtains one to another, and he joined another five curtains one to another. | he: Bezalel; see Ex 38:22. |
| Ex 36:11 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלְאֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he made loops of blue material on the hem of one curtain at the joining edge, and he did so at the hem of the last curtain, at the second join. | hem (2x) ← lip. |
| Ex 36:12 | חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֮ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָת֒ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת׃ | He made fifty loops in one curtain, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the curtain which was at the second join, and the loops held each other together. | held each other together ← cause one to receive one. |
| Ex 36:13 | וַיַּ֕עַשׂ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיְחַבֵּ֨ר אֶת־הַיְרִעֹ֜ת אַחַ֤ת אֶל־אַחַת֙ בַּקְּרָסִ֔ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד׃ ס | And he made fifty golden clasps, and he joined one curtain to another with the clasps, and the tabernacle became a unity. | a unity ← one. |
| Ex 36:14 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת עִזִּ֔ים לְאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃ | And he made curtains of goat's hair for the tent over the tabernacle; he made eleven of these curtains. | he made eleven of these curtains ← eleven curtains he made them. |
| Ex 36:15 | אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֔וֹת רֹ֖חַב הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת׃ | The length of one curtain was thirty cubits, and the width of one curtain was four cubits, and the eleven curtains were of one size. | |
| Ex 36:16 | וַיְחַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־חֲמֵ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וְאֶת־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָֽד׃ | And he joined the five curtains separately, and the six curtains separately. | |
| Ex 36:17 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלָאֹ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּיצֹנָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he made fifty loops on the hem of the last curtain at the join, and he made fifty loops on the hem of the other adjoining curtain. |
hem (2x) ← lip.
the other ← the second. |
| Ex 36:18 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ קַרְסֵ֥י נְחֹ֖שֶׁת חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים לְחַבֵּ֥ר אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל לִֽהְיֹ֥ת אֶחָֽד׃ | And he made fifty copper clasps to join the tent up into a unity. | into a unity ← to be one. |
| Ex 36:19 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵלִ֖ים מְאָדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ ס | And he made a covering for the tent from rams' skins dyed red, and a covering from badgers' skins above it. | covering from ← covering of. |
| Ex 36:20 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹמְדִֽים׃ | And he made the boards for the tabernacle from acacia wood, standing vertically. | |
| Ex 36:21 | עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמֹּ֖ת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | The length was ten cubits per board, and the width of one board was one and a half cubits. | |
| Ex 36:22 | שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדֹ֗ת לַקֶּ֙רֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁלָּבֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | Two tenons per board were each joined to its counterpart. That is how he made it for all the boards of the tabernacle. |
each ... to its counterpart ← one to one.
that is how ← thus. |
| Ex 36:23 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קְרָשִׁ֔ים לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גֶב תֵּימָֽנָה׃ | So he made the boards for the tabernacle – twenty boards – on the south side, south-facing. | |
| Ex 36:24 | וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף עָשָׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו׃ | And he made forty silver sockets to go under the twenty boards – two sockets under one board for its two tenons, and two sockets under another board for its two tenons. | one ... another ← one ... one. |
| Ex 36:25 | וּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עָשָׂ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים קְרָשִֽׁים׃ | And for the second side of the tabernacle, on the north side, he made twenty boards, | side ... side ← rib ... quarter. |
| Ex 36:26 | וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | and their forty silver sockets, two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. | one ... another ← one ... one. |
| Ex 36:27 | וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה עָשָׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים׃ | And he made six boards for the flanks of the tabernacle on the west. | flanks: see Ex 26:22. |
| Ex 36:28 | וּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ עָשָׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃ | And he made two boards for the corners of the tabernacle on the flanks. | flanks: see Ex 26:22. perhaps two flanks, but the word has a dual form even when used as a plural. |
| Ex 36:29 | וְהָי֣וּ תוֹאֲמִם֮ מִלְּמַטָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ אֶל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽת׃ | And they were coupled from below, and they were perfectly aligned up to the top of it, to a ring. He made the two of them this way for the two corners. |
aligned ← together.
a ring ← one ring. |
| Ex 36:30 | וְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֤י אֲדָנִים֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And there were eight boards and their silver sockets – sixteen sockets – two sockets each time under one board. | two sockets each time ← two sockets two sockets. Not quite the same wording as Ex 26:25. |
| Ex 36:31 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּרִיחֵ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָאֶחָֽת׃ | And he made bolts of acacia wood – five for the boards on one side of the tabernacle, | side ← rib. |
| Ex 36:32 | וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה בְרִיחִם֙ לְקַרְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה׃ | and five bolts for the boards on the second side of the tabernacle, and five bolts for the boards of the tabernacle on the western flank. | side ... flank ← rib ... extremity. |
| Ex 36:33 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֑ן לִבְרֹ֙חַ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֔ים מִן־הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל־הַקָּצֶֽה׃ | And he made the middle bolt to pass inside the boards from end to end. | |
| Ex 36:34 | וְֽאֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת־טַבְּעֹתָם֙ עָשָׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וַיְצַ֥ף אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And he overlaid the boards with gold, and he made their rings of gold, as receptacles for the bolts, and he overlaid the bolts with gold. | |
| Ex 36:35 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֛ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽים׃ | And he made the veil in blue and purple and scarlet material and fine twined linen – the work of a damask weaver. He made it with cherubim. |
damask weaver: see Ex 26:1.
cherubim: see Ex 36:8. |
| Ex 36:36 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֗הּ אַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַפֵּ֣ם זָהָ֔ב וָוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וַיִּצֹ֣ק לָהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַדְנֵי־כָֽסֶף׃ | And he made four acacia columns for it, and he overlaid them with gold, and he made their golden hooks, and he cast four silver sockets for them. | |
| Ex 36:37 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽם׃ | And he made a screen for the entrance to the tent, from blue and purple and scarlet material and fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer, | |
| Ex 36:38 | וְאֶת־עַמּוּדָ֤יו חֲמִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־וָ֣וֵיהֶ֔ם וְצִפָּ֧ה רָאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ פ | and its five columns and their hooks, and he overlaid their capitals and their connecting rods with gold, and he made their five sockets of copper. | |
| Ex 37:1 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָאָרֹ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי אָרְכּ֗וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֙צִי֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And Bezalel made the ark from acacia wood; its length was two and a half cubits, and its width was one and a half cubits, and its height was one and a half cubits. |
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2.
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. The ark is described in Ex 25:10. |
| Ex 37:2 | וַיְצַפֵּ֛הוּ זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר מִבַּ֣יִת וּמִח֑וּץ וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | And he overlaid it with pure gold on the inside and on the outside, and he made an edge around it from gold. | |
| Ex 37:3 | וַיִּצֹ֣ק ל֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פַּעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְׁתֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל־צַלְעוֹ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּי֙ טַבָּע֔וֹת עַל־צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he cast four golden rings for it at its four corners, with two rings for one of its sides, and two rings for its second side. |
with ← and.
sides ... side ← ribs ... rib. |
| Ex 37:4 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בַּדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And he made poles of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with gold. | |
| Ex 37:5 | וַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הָאָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הָאָרֹֽן׃ | And he brought the poles through the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark. | sides ← ribs. |
| Ex 37:6 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כַּפֹּ֖רֶת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָחֵ֙צִי֙ אָרְכָּ֔הּ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי רָחְבָּֽהּ׃ | And he made the atonement cover from pure gold. Its length was two and a half cubits, and its width was one and a half cubits. | |
| Ex 37:7 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֥י כְרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | And he made two cherubim of gold; he made them as beaten work at the two ends of the atonement cover. | |
| Ex 37:8 | כְּרוּב־אֶחָ֤ד מִקָּצָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וּכְרוּב־אֶחָ֥ד מִקָּצָ֖ה מִזֶּ֑ה מִן־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִ֖ים מִשְּׁנֵ֥י *קצוותו **קְצוֹתָֽיו׃ | He made one cherub on one end and one cherub on the other end. He made the cherubim coming from the atonement cover at its two ends. | its ... ends: the ketiv is a variant of the qeré. |
| Ex 37:9 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹֽכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת הָי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃ פ | And the cherubim were with wings spread upwards, covering the atonement cover with their wings, and they faced each other. The faces of the cherubim were directed towards the atonement cover. |
upwards: perhaps here above.
each other ← one / each to his brother. |
| Ex 37:10 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֤יִם אָרְכּוֹ֙ וְאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And he made the table of acacia wood. Its length was two cubits, and its width was one cubit, and its height was one and a half cubits. | |
| Ex 37:11 | וַיְצַ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | And he overlaid it with pure gold, and he made a golden edge around it. | |
| Ex 37:12 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ ל֥וֹ מִסְגֶּ֛רֶת טֹ֖פַח סָבִ֑יב וַיַּ֧עַשׂ זֵר־זָהָ֛ב לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he made a rim a handbreadth high around it, and he made a golden edge to the rim around it. | |
| Ex 37:13 | וַיִּצֹ֣ק ל֔וֹ אַרְבַּ֖ע טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע הַפֵּאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַרְבַּ֥ע רַגְלָֽיו׃ | And he cast four golden rings for it, and he put the rings on the four corners which were at its four legs. | |
| Ex 37:14 | לְעֻמַּת֙ הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶת הָי֖וּ הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת בָּתִּים֙ לַבַּדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן׃ | The rings were joined to the rim as receptacles for the poles by which to carry the table. | |
| Ex 37:15 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָ֑ב לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן׃ | And he made the poles of acacia wood and he overlaid them with gold, by which to carry the table. | |
| Ex 37:16 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶֽת־הַכֵּלִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֗ן אֶת־קְעָרֹתָ֤יו וְאֶת־כַּפֹּתָיו֙ וְאֵת֙ מְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔יו וְאֶת־הַקְּשָׂוֺ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּהֵ֑ן זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר׃ פ | And he made the equipment which goes on the table – its dishes and its spoons and its vials and the bowls by which libations are poured. They were of pure gold. | are poured: see Ex 25:29. |
| Ex 37:17 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֖ה זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר מִקְשָׁ֞ה עָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה֙ יְרֵכָ֣הּ וְקָנָ֔הּ גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָ כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָ וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּ֥נָּה הָיֽוּ׃ | And he made the lampstand from pure gold; as beaten work he made the lampstand – its main stem and its branches. Its cups, its knobs and its flowers diverged from it. |
The lampstand is described in Ex 25:30.
the lampstand ... the lampstand: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. branches ← cane. diverged ← were. |
| Ex 37:18 | וְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה קָנִ֔ים יֹצְאִ֖ים מִצִּדֶּ֑יהָ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה ׀ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֗ה מִצִּדָּהּ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֔ה מִצִּדָּ֖הּ הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And six branches came out of its sides – three branches of the lampstand from one side of it and three branches of the lampstand from the other side of it. | other ← second. |
| Ex 37:19 | שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְ֠בִעִים מְֽשֻׁקָּדִ֞ים בַּקָּנֶ֣ה הָאֶחָד֮ כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפֶרַח֒ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְבִעִ֗ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֛ים בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפָ֑רַח כֵּ֚ן לְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן־הַמְּנֹרָֽה׃ | There were three almond-shaped cups on one branch, with a knob and a flower, and three almond-shaped cups on another branch with a knob and a flower. That is how it was for the six branches coming out of the lampstand. | |
| Ex 37:20 | וּבַמְּנֹרָ֖ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה גְבִעִ֑ים מְשֻׁ֨קָּדִ֔ים כַּפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ וּפְרָחֶֽיהָ׃ | And in the main stem of the lampstand there were four almond-shaped cups with its knobs and its flowers. | |
| Ex 37:21 | וְכַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּחַת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י הַקָּנִ֜ים מִמֶּ֗נָּה וְכַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְׁנֵ֤י הַקָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְכַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּֽחַת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַקָּנִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑נָּה לְשֵׁ֙שֶׁת֙ הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | And he made a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it, and a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it, and a knob under the two branches where they diverge from it, this being for the six branches which come out of it. | |
| Ex 37:22 | כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶ֥ם וּקְנֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּ֣נָּה הָי֑וּ כֻּלָּ֛הּ מִקְשָׁ֥ה אַחַ֖ת זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | Their knobs and branches were integral to it; all of it was one piece of beaten work of pure gold. | integral to it ← from it. |
| Ex 37:23 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־נֵרֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁבְעָ֑ה וּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָ וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | And he made its seven lamps and its snuffing-tongs and its snuff-dishes of pure gold. | |
| Ex 37:24 | כִּכָּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר עָשָׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־כֵּלֶֽיהָ׃ פ | From a talent of pure gold he made it, with all its accessories. | talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| Ex 37:25 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹ֖רֶת עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּ֣ה אָרְכּוֹ֩ וְאַמָּ֨ה רָחְבּ֜וֹ רָב֗וּעַ וְאַמָּתַ֙יִם֙ קֹֽמָת֔וֹ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הָי֥וּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו׃ | And he made the incense altar from acacia wood. Its length was one cubit, and its width was one cubit. It was square, and its height was two cubits. Its horns were integral to it. |
The incense altar is described in Ex 30:1-10.
integral to it ← from it. |
| Ex 37:26 | וַיְצַ֨ף אֹת֜וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֗וֹר אֶת־גַּגּ֧וֹ וְאֶת־קִירֹתָ֛יו סָבִ֖יב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ | And he overlaid it with pure gold – its top and its walls around it and its horns. And he made a golden edge for it all around. | top ← roof. |
| Ex 37:27 | וּשְׁתֵּי֩ טַבְּעֹ֨ת זָהָ֜ב עָֽשָׂה־ל֣וֹ ׀ מִתַּ֣חַת לְזֵר֗וֹ עַ֚ל שְׁתֵּ֣י צַלְעֹתָ֔יו עַ֖ל שְׁנֵ֣י צִדָּ֑יו לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And he made two golden rings for it below its edge on its two flanks, on its two sides, as receptacles for the poles by which to carry it. | flanks ... sides ← ribs ... sides (the usual word). |
| Ex 37:28 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And he made the poles of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with gold. | |
| Ex 37:29 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶת־שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ קֹ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־קְטֹ֥רֶת הַסַּמִּ֖ים טָה֑וֹר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽחַ׃ פ | And he made the holy anointing oil and the pure aromatic incense, the product of a pharmacist. | holy anointing oil ... aromatic incense: mentioned in Ex 31:11. |
| Ex 38:1 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָ֖ה עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חָמֵשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת אָרְכּ֜וֹ וְחָֽמֵשׁ־אַמּ֤וֹת רָחְבּוֹ֙ רָב֔וּעַ וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And he made the burnt offering altar from acacia wood. Its length was five cubits, and its width was five cubits. It was square, and its height was three cubits. |
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
The burnt offering altar is described in Ex 27:1-8. |
| Ex 38:2 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ קַרְנֹתָ֗יו עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנֹּתָ֔יו מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הָי֣וּ קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וַיְצַ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And he made its horns on its four corners. Its horns were integral to it, and he overlaid it with copper. | were integral to ← were from. |
| Ex 38:3 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶת־הַסִּירֹ֤ת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִים֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹ֔ת אֶת־הַמִּזְלָגֹ֖ת וְאֶת־הַמַּחְתֹּ֑ת כָּל־כֵּלָ֖יו עָשָׂ֥ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And he made all the equipment for the altar – the pans and the shovels and the basins and the forks and the firepans. He made all its equipment from copper. | firepans: see Ex 27:3. |
| Ex 38:4 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ מִכְבָּ֔ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֶ֣שֶׁת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת תַּ֧חַת כַּרְכֻּבּ֛וֹ מִלְּמַ֖טָּה עַד־חֶצְיֽוֹ׃ | And he made a grate for the altar – a meshed copper artefact – under its ledge, underneath, extending up to half way. | half way ← its half. |
| Ex 38:5 | וַיִּצֹ֞ק אַרְבַּ֧ע טַבָּעֹ֛ת בְּאַרְבַּ֥ע הַקְּצָוֺ֖ת לְמִכְבַּ֣ר הַנְּחֹ֑שֶׁת בָּתִּ֖ים לַבַּדִּֽים׃ | And he cast four rings on the four ends of the copper grate, as receptacles for the poles. | |
| Ex 38:6 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And he made the poles of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with copper. | |
| Ex 38:7 | וַיָּבֵ֨א אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֜ים בַּטַּבָּעֹ֗ת עַ֚ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶ֑ם נְב֥וּב לֻחֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ ס | And he brought the poles through the rings on the sides of the altar in order to carry it by them. He made it hollow with panels. |
sides ← ribs.
made it: AV differs, interpreting “made the altar”, without italics. |
| Ex 38:8 | וַיַּ֗עַשׂ אֵ֚ת הַכִּיּ֣וֹר נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאֵ֖ת כַּנּ֣וֹ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת֙ הַצֹּ֣בְאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽבְא֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ ס | And he made the copper laver and its copper pedestal, from the mirrors of the women-servants who served at the entrance to the tent of contact. | from ← on, by, through. |
| Ex 38:9 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֑ר לִפְאַ֣ת ׀ נֶ֣גֶב תֵּימָ֗נָה קַלְעֵ֤י הֶֽחָצֵר֙ שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֔ר מֵאָ֖ה בָּאַמָּֽה׃ | And he made the courtyard on the southern side, facing south. The drapes of the courtyard were of fine twined linen, one hundred cubits long. | side ← corner. |
| Ex 38:10 | עַמּוּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָעַמֻּדִ֛ים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | Their columns were twenty in number, and their twenty sockets were of copper, and the hooks of the columns and their connecting rods were of silver. | their columns ... their twenty sockets: the antecedent appears to be drapes. |
| Ex 38:11 | וְלִפְאַ֤ת צָפוֹן֙ מֵאָ֣ה בָֽאַמָּ֔ה עַמּוּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֛ים וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | And on the northern side, for one hundred cubits, there were their twenty columns and their twenty sockets of copper, and the hooks of the columns and their connecting rods were of silver. |
side ← corner.
their ... their: see Ex 38:10. |
| Ex 38:12 | וְלִפְאַת־יָ֗ם קְלָעִים֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה עַמּוּדֵיהֶ֥ם עֲשָׂרָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וָוֵ֧י הָעַמֻּדִ֛ים וַחֲשׁוּקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | And on the western side there were drapes for fifty cubits, and their ten columns and their ten sockets. And the hooks of the columns and their connecting rods were of silver. | side ← corner. |
| Ex 38:13 | וְלִפְאַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And the eastern side, facing east, was fifty cubits long. | side ← corner. |
| Ex 38:14 | קְלָעִ֛ים חֲמֵשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה אֶל־הַכָּתֵ֑ף עַמּוּדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | There were fifteen cubits of drapes on the side, and their three columns and their three sockets. |
side ← shoulder.
their (2x): see Ex 38:10. |
| Ex 38:15 | וְלַכָּתֵ֣ף הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית מִזֶּ֤ה וּמִזֶּה֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר קְלָעִ֕ים חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה אַמָּ֑ה עַמֻּדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And on the second side, on each side of the gate of the courtyard, were fifteen cubits of drapes and their three columns and their three sockets. |
side ... side ← shoulder ... (an idiom for “each side”).
their (2x): see Ex 38:10. |
| Ex 38:16 | כָּל־קַלְעֵ֧י הֶחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | All the drapes around the courtyard were of fine twined linen. | |
| Ex 38:17 | וְהָאֲדָנִ֣ים לָֽעַמֻּדִים֮ נְחֹשֶׁת֒ וָוֵ֨י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֜ים וַחֲשׁוּקֵיהֶם֙ כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֥וּי רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף וְהֵם֙ מְחֻשָּׁקִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף כֹּ֖ל עַמֻּדֵ֥י הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | And the sockets of the columns were of copper, and the hooks of the columns and their connecting rods were of silver, and the overlaying of their capitals was of silver, and all the columns of the courtyard were connected by silver. | |
| Ex 38:18 | וּמָסַ֞ךְ שַׁ֤עַר הֶחָצֵר֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֔ם תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְקוֹמָ֤ה בְרֹ֙חַב֙ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת לְעֻמַּ֖ת קַלְעֵ֥י הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | And the screen at the gate of the courtyard was the work of an embroiderer in blue and purple and scarlet material and fine twined linen. And its length was twenty cubits, and the height across its width was five cubits, agreeing with the drapes of the courtyard. | screen at ← screen of. |
| Ex 38:19 | וְעַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וָוֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֧וּי רָאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף׃ | And as for their four columns, their four sockets were of copper, and their hooks were of silver, and the overlaying of their capitals and their connecting rods was of silver. | columns: made of acacia wood overlaid with gold (Ex 23:32, Ex 26:37, Ex 36:36). |
| Ex 38:20 | וְֽכָל־הַיְתֵדֹ֞ת לַמִּשְׁכָּ֧ן וְלֶחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ ס | And all the pegs of the tabernacle and of the courtyard around it were of copper. | |
| Ex 38:21 | אֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר פֻּקַּ֖ד עַל־פִּ֣י מֹשֶׁ֑ה עֲבֹדַת֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בְּיַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | These are the things appointed for the tabernacle – the tabernacle of the testimony – which was appointed through Moses' instruction for the work of the Levites, through the authority of Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest. |
through Moses' instruction ← at the mouth of Moses.
through the authority of ← by the hand of. |
| Ex 38:22 | וּבְצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אוּרִ֥י בֶן־ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֑ה עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made everything that the Lord commanded Moses. | Bezalel: see Ex 31:2. |
| Ex 38:23 | וְאִתּ֗וֹ אָהֳלִיאָ֞ב בֶּן־אֲחִיסָמָ֛ךְ לְמַטֵּה־דָ֖ן חָרָ֣שׁ וְחֹשֵׁ֑ב וְרֹקֵ֗ם בַּתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן וּבְתוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וּבַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ ס | And with him was Aholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver and a damask weaver and an embroiderer in blue and purple and scarlet material and in fine linen. |
Aholiab: see Ex 31:6.
damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 38:24 | כָּל־הַזָּהָ֗ב הֶֽעָשׂוּי֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיְהִ֣י ׀ זְהַ֣ב הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה תֵּ֤שַׁע וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ כִּכָּ֔ר וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | As for all the gold that was used for the artisanry, in all the artisanry of the holy place, the gold of the wave-offering was twenty-nine talents and seven hundred and thirty shekels according to the holy shekel. |
used ← made, done.
talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| Ex 38:25 | וְכֶ֛סֶף פְּקוּדֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה מְאַ֣ת כִּכָּ֑ר וְאֶלֶף֩ וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֜וֹת וַחֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And the silver of those who were counted in the congregation amounted to one hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels according to the holy shekel. |
counted: see Ex 30:12.
talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| Ex 38:26 | בֶּ֚קַע לַגֻּלְגֹּ֔לֶת מַחֲצִ֥ית הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֨ל הָעֹבֵ֜ר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֗ים מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה לְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | A beka per head – half a shekel – according to the holy shekel, for everyone who passes through to be counted, from twenty years old and above, for the six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty of them. |
beka: AV= bekah, with an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé. Half a shekel.
head ← skull. to be counted ← at the counted (ones) or at the appointed (ones). |
| Ex 38:27 | וַיְהִ֗י מְאַת֙ כִּכַּ֣ר הַכֶּ֔סֶף לָצֶ֗קֶת אֵ֚ת אַדְנֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֵ֖ת אַדְנֵ֣י הַפָּרֹ֑כֶת מְאַ֧ת אֲדָנִ֛ים לִמְאַ֥ת הַכִּכָּ֖ר כִּכָּ֥ר לָאָֽדֶן׃ | And the one hundred talents of silver were for casting the sockets of the holy place and the sockets of the veil – one hundred sockets for one hundred talents – a talent per socket. | talents ... talents ... talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| Ex 38:28 | וְאֶת־הָאֶ֜לֶף וּשְׁבַ֤ע הַמֵּאוֹת֙ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה וְשִׁבְעִ֔ים עָשָׂ֥ה וָוִ֖ים לָעַמּוּדִ֑ים וְצִפָּ֥ה רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם וְחִשַּׁ֥ק אֹתָֽם׃ | And from the one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels, he made hooks for the columns, and he overlaid their capitals, and he connected them together. | |
| Ex 38:29 | וּנְחֹ֥שֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֣ים כִּכָּ֑ר וְאַלְפַּ֥יִם וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֖וֹת שָֽׁקֶל׃ | And the copper for the wave-offering amounted to seventy talents and two thousand four hundred shekels. | talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| Ex 38:30 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ בָּ֗הּ אֶת־אַדְנֵי֙ פֶּ֚תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֥ר הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And from it he made the sockets of the entrance to the tent of contact and the copper altar and the copper grate which belonged to it, and all the equipment of the altar, | |
| Ex 38:31 | וְאֶת־אַדְנֵ֤י הֶֽחָצֵר֙ סָבִ֔יב וְאֶת־אַדְנֵ֖י שַׁ֣עַר הֶחָצֵ֑ר וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־כָּל־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶחָצֵ֖ר סָבִֽיב׃ | and the sockets of the courtyard round about, and the sockets of the gate of the courtyard, and all the pegs for the tabernacle, and all the pegs for the courtyard round about. | |
| Ex 39:1 | וּמִן־הַתְּכֵ֤לֶת וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת הַשָּׁנִ֔י עָשׂ֥וּ בִגְדֵי־שְׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַהֲרֹ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And from the blue and purple and scarlet material they made the garments of office so as to serve in the holy place, and they made the holy garments which were for Aaron, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | The holy garments are described in Ex 28:2-43. |
| Ex 39:2 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | And they made the ephod from gold, and from blue and purple and scarlet material and from fine twined linen. | |
| Ex 39:3 | וַֽיְרַקְּע֞וּ אֶת־פַּחֵ֣י הַזָּהָב֮ וְקִצֵּ֣ץ פְּתִילִם֒ לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת בְּת֤וֹךְ הַתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ וּבְת֣וֹךְ הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן וּבְת֛וֹךְ תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וּבְת֣וֹךְ הַשֵּׁ֑שׁ מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה חֹשֵֽׁב׃ | And they beat the plates of gold thin, and they cut lengths of thread to work into the blue material, and into the purple material, and into the scarlet material, and into the fine linen. It was the work of a damask weaver. |
lengths of thread ← threads.
damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 39:4 | כְּתֵפֹ֥ת עָֽשׂוּ־ל֖וֹ חֹבְרֹ֑ת עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י *קצוותו **קְצוֹתָ֖יו חֻבָּֽר׃ | They made joined up shoulder-pieces for it. At its two ends it was joined up. | its ... ends: see Ex 37:8. |
| Ex 39:5 | וְחֵ֨שֶׁב אֲפֻדָּת֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֗יו מִמֶּ֣נּוּ הוּא֮ כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ֒ זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And they made the embroidered belt of his ephod with which it went, with similar workmanship to it, of gold, and of blue and purple and scarlet thread and fine twined linen, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | with similar workmanship to it ← as its workmanship from it. Alternatively, perhaps, it (was) integral to it as (regards) its workmanship; compare Ex 25:36. |
| Ex 39:6 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב מְפֻתָּחֹת֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם עַל־שְׁמ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they made the onyx gemstones enclosed in golden bezels, engraved with the engravings of a signet, with the names of the sons of Israel. | |
| Ex 39:7 | וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹתָ֗ם עַ֚ל כִּתְפֹ֣ת הָאֵפֹ֔ד אַבְנֵ֥י זִכָּר֖וֹן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And he put them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, as memorial gemstones to the sons of Israel, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 39:8 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֶת־הַחֹ֛שֶׁן מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | And he made the breastplate, the work of a damask weaver, like the workmanship of the ephod, in gold and blue and purple and scarlet material and fine twined linen. | damask weaver: see Ex 26:1. |
| Ex 39:9 | רָב֧וּעַ הָיָ֛ה כָּפ֖וּל עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַחֹ֑שֶׁן זֶ֧רֶת אָרְכּ֛וֹ וְזֶ֥רֶת רָחְבּ֖וֹ כָּפֽוּל׃ | It was square; they made the breastplate double. Its length was a span, and its width was a span, folded double. | span (2x): see Ex 28:16. |
| Ex 39:10 | וַיְמַלְאוּ־ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And they set four rows of gemstones in it: a row of ruby, topaz and emerald. That was the first row. | |
| Ex 39:11 | וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְיָהֲלֹֽם׃ | And the second row consisted of chrysoprase, sapphire and diamond. | |
| Ex 39:12 | וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה׃ | And the third row consisted of ligure, agate and amethyst. | |
| Ex 39:13 | וְהַטּוּר֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם׃ | And the fourth row consisted of chrysolite, onyx and jasper, enclosed in golden bezels for setting them. | |
| Ex 39:14 | וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים עַל־שְׁמֹ֨ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הֵ֛נָּה שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט׃ | And the gemstones were with the names of the sons of Israel – twelve of them with their names – the engravings being as on a signet, each one with its name for the twelve tribes. | with (3x): see Ex 28:21. |
| Ex 39:15 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ עַל־הַחֹ֛שֶׁן שַׁרְשְׁרֹ֥ת גַּבְלֻ֖ת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | And they made edging chains on the breastplate – wreathed work of pure gold. | |
| Ex 39:16 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וּשְׁתֵּ֖י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | And they made two golden insets, and two golden rings, and they put the two rings at the two ends of the breastplate, | insets: for gemstones, we translate bezels. |
| Ex 39:17 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ הָעֲבֹתֹ֣ת הַזָּהָ֔ב עַל־שְׁתֵּ֖י הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת עַל־קְצ֖וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ | and they put the two golden wreaths on the two rings at the ends of the breastplate. | |
| Ex 39:18 | וְאֵ֨ת שְׁתֵּ֤י קְצוֹת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֔ת נָתְנ֖וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹ֑ת וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛ם עַל־כִּתְפֹ֥ת הָאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל־מ֥וּל פָּנָֽיו׃ | And they put the two ends – the two wreaths – on the two insets, and they put them on the shoulders of the ephod on the front of it. | |
| Ex 39:19 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וַיָּשִׂ֕ימוּ עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֣וֹת הַחֹ֑שֶׁן עַל־שְׂפָת֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר הָאֵפֹ֖ד בָּֽיְתָה׃ | And they made two golden rings, and they put them on the two ends of the breastplate on its edge which was on the side of the ephod facing inwards. | side ← passage, region. |
| Ex 39:20 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֮ שְׁתֵּ֣י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָב֒ וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֡ם עַל־שְׁתֵּי֩ כִתְפֹ֨ת הָאֵפֹ֤ד מִלְמַ֙טָּה֙ מִמּ֣וּל פָּנָ֔יו לְעֻמַּ֖ת מֶחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹ מִמַּ֕עַל לְחֵ֖שֶׁב הָאֵפֹֽד׃ | And they made two golden rings, and they put them on the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod underneath, at the front of it, opposite its join, above the embroidered belt of the ephod. | |
| Ex 39:21 | וַיִּרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַחֹ֡שֶׁן מִטַּבְּעֹתָיו֩ אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֨ת הָאֵפֹ֜ד בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֗לֶת לִֽהְיֹת֙ עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפֹ֔ד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֹ֑ד כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And they bound the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a thread of blue yarn so that it was above the embroidered belt of the ephod and so that the breastplate would not become displaced from the ephod, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | and so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ex 39:22 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מְעִ֥יל הָאֵפֹ֖ד מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג כְּלִ֖יל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃ | And he made the robe of the ephod – the workmanship of a weaver – entirely from blue material. | |
| Ex 39:23 | וּפִֽי־הַמְּעִ֥יל בְּתוֹכ֖וֹ כְּפִ֣י תַחְרָ֑א שָׂפָ֥ה לְפִ֛יו סָבִ֖יב לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ׃ | And the opening of the robe in the middle of it was like the opening of a coat of mail, with a hem to the opening all around, so that it would not tear. | hem ← lip. |
| Ex 39:24 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ עַל־שׁוּלֵ֣י הַמְּעִ֔יל רִמּוֹנֵ֕י תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֑י מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | And at the edges of the robe they made pomegranates of blue and purple and scarlet thread, finely twined. | |
| Ex 39:25 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ פַעֲמֹנֵ֖י זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אֶת־הַפַּֽעֲמֹנִ֜ים בְּת֣וֹךְ הָרִמֹּנִ֗ים עַל־שׁוּלֵ֤י הַמְּעִיל֙ סָבִ֔יב בְּת֖וֹךְ הָרִמֹּנִֽים׃ | And they made bells of pure gold, and they put the bells inside the pomegranates on the edges of the robe all around inside the pomegranates. | |
| Ex 39:26 | פַּעֲמֹ֤ן וְרִמֹּן֙ פַּעֲמֹ֣ן וְרִמֹּ֔ן עַל־שׁוּלֵ֥י הַמְּעִ֖יל סָבִ֑יב לְשָׁרֵ֕ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate on the edges of the robe all around, to serve with, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 39:27 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת־הַכָּתְנֹ֥ת שֵׁ֖שׁ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו׃ | And they made the tunics of fine linen – the workmanship of a weaver – for Aaron and his sons, | |
| Ex 39:28 | וְאֵת֙ הַמִּצְנֶ֣פֶת שֵׁ֔שׁ וְאֶת־פַּאֲרֵ֥י הַמִּגְבָּעֹ֖ת שֵׁ֑שׁ וְאֶת־מִכְנְסֵ֥י הַבָּ֖ד שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר׃ | and the turban of fine linen, and the ornamental high headgear of fine linen, and the linen trousers of fine twined linen, | ornamental high headgear ← ornamental headdresses of high headgear. |
| Ex 39:29 | וְֽאֶת־הָאַבְנֵ֞ט שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | and the girdle of fine twined linen and blue and purple and scarlet material – the workmanship of an embroiderer – as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 39:30 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת־צִ֥יץ נֵֽזֶר־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּכְתְּב֣וּ עָלָ֗יו מִכְתַּב֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And they made the shining plate of the holy crown, of pure gold, and they wrote on it in the engraved writing of a signet, “Holiness to the Lord”. |
holy crown: see Ex 29:6.
engraved writing ← writing of engravings. |
| Ex 39:31 | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ עָלָיו֙ פְּתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לָתֵ֥ת עַל־הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And they put a blue thread on it to go on the turban, high up, as the Lord had commanded Moses. |
put a blue thread on it: not the same wording as in Ex 28:37.
to go ← to give; put. |
| Ex 39:32 | וַתֵּ֕כֶל כָּל־עֲבֹדַ֕ת מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ פ | And all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of contact was finished, and the sons of Israel made it according to everything that the Lord had commanded Moses – so they made it. | |
| Ex 39:33 | וַיָּבִ֤יאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו קְרָסָ֣יו קְרָשָׁ֔יו *בריחו **בְּרִיחָ֖יו וְעַמֻּדָ֥יו וַאֲדָנָֽיו׃ | And they brought the tabernacle to Moses – the tent and all its equipment – its clasps, its boards, its {Q: bolts} [K: bolt], and its columns and its sockets, | Here the [WLC] contains the ketiv and qeré. Contrast Ex 35:11. In Ex 40:18 the regular plural form is used. |
| Ex 39:34 | וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֞ה עוֹרֹ֤ת הָֽאֵילִם֙ הַמְאָדָּמִ֔ים וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֖ה עֹרֹ֣ת הַתְּחָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ׃ | and its covering of rams' skins dyed red, and the covering of badgers' skins and the screening veil, | screening veil ← veil of the screen, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 39:35 | אֶת־אֲרֹ֥ן הָעֵדֻ֖ת וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | the ark of the testimony and its poles and the atonement cover, | |
| Ex 39:36 | אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים׃ | the table and all its equipment, and the showbread, | |
| Ex 39:37 | אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֨ה הַטְּהֹרָ֜ה אֶת־נֵרֹתֶ֗יהָ נֵרֹ֛ת הַמַּֽעֲרָכָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר׃ | the pure lampstand and its lamps – lamps in their arrangement – and all its equipment and oil for the light, | in ... for: wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 39:38 | וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ פֶּ֥תַח הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | and the golden altar and anointing oil, and the aromatic incense, and the screen at the entrance to the tent, | screen at ... entrance to ← screen of ... entrance of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ex 39:39 | אֵ֣ת ׀ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ׃ | the copper altar and the copper grate which belongs to it, its poles and all its equipment, and the laver and its pedestal, | |
| Ex 39:40 | אֵת֩ קַלְעֵ֨י הֶחָצֵ֜ר אֶת־עַמֻּדֶ֣יהָ וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת־הַמָּסָךְ֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־מֵיתָרָ֖יו וִיתֵדֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֛י עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן לְאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | the drapes for the courtyard, its columns and its sockets, and the screen to the gate of the courtyard, and its guylines and its pegs and all the equipment for the work of the tabernacle for the tent of contact, | |
| Ex 39:41 | אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן׃ | the garments of office so as to serve in the holy place – the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to officiate as priests. | |
| Ex 39:42 | כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה כֵּ֤ן עָשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל־הָעֲבֹדָֽה׃ | The sons of Israel did all the work according to everything that the Lord had commanded Moses. | according to ← as ... so. |
| Ex 39:43 | וַיַּ֨רְא מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָ֗ה וְהִנֵּה֙ עָשׂ֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה כֵּ֣ן עָשׂ֑וּ וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹתָ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And Moses saw all the artisanry, and the result was that they had made it as the Lord had commanded – so they had made it. And Moses blessed them. | the result was that ← behold. |
| Ex 40:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Ex 40:2 | בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ תָּקִ֕ים אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | “On the first day of the first month, you will set up the tabernacle of the tent of contact, | |
| Ex 40:3 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ שָׁ֔ם אֵ֖ת אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת וְסַכֹּתָ֥ עַל־הָאָרֹ֖ן אֶת־הַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃ | and you will put the ark of the testimony there, and you will cover the ark with the veil. | |
| Ex 40:4 | וְהֵבֵאתָ֙ אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֔ן וְעָרַכְתָּ֖ אֶת־עֶרְכּ֑וֹ וְהֵבֵאתָ֙ אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתָ֖ אֶת־נֵרֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | And you will bring the table and arrange it in its proper arrangement, and you will bring the lampstand, and you will light its lamps. | |
| Ex 40:5 | וְנָתַתָּ֞ה אֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַזָּהָב֙ לִקְטֹ֔רֶת לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵדֻ֑ת וְשַׂמְתָּ֛ אֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And you will put the golden incense altar in front of the ark of the testimony, and you will put the screen at the entrance to the tabernacle in place. | screen at ← screen of. |
| Ex 40:6 | וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה אֵ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֕י פֶּ֖תַח מִשְׁכַּ֥ן אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And you will put the burnt offering altar in front of the entrance to the tabernacle of the tent of contact. | |
| Ex 40:7 | וְנָֽתַתָּ֙ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֔ר בֵּֽין־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְנָתַתָּ֥ שָׁ֖ם מָֽיִם׃ | And you will put the laver between the tent of contact and the altar, and you will put water in it. | in it ← there. |
| Ex 40:8 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֖ר סָבִ֑יב וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ אֶת־מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | And you will lay the courtyard out all around, and you will put up the screen at the gate of the courtyard. |
lay ... out ← put, give.
screen at ← screen of. |
| Ex 40:9 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֖יו וְהָ֥יָה קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And you will take the anointing oil, and you will anoint the tabernacle and everything that is in it, and you will sanctify it and all its equipment, and it will become holy. | holy ← holiness. |
| Ex 40:10 | וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֛ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְהָיָ֥ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים׃ | And you will anoint the burnt offering altar and all its equipment, and you will sanctify the altar, and the altar will become a holy of holies. | |
| Ex 40:11 | וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּ֑וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֖ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you will anoint the laver and its pedestal, and you will sanctify it. | |
| Ex 40:12 | וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֤ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְרָחַצְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | And you will bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance to the tent of contact, and you will wash them with water. | bring ← make approach. |
| Ex 40:13 | וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֹת֛וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹת֖וֹ וְכִהֵ֥ן לִֽי׃ | And you will clothe Aaron in the holy garments, and you will anoint him and sanctify him, and he will officiate as a priest to me. | |
| Ex 40:14 | וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תַּקְרִ֑יב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת׃ | And you will bring his sons and clothe them in tunics. | bring ← make approach. |
| Ex 40:15 | וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֣ אֹתָ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר מָשַׁ֙חְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֔ם וְכִהֲנ֖וּ לִ֑י וְ֠הָיְתָה לִהְיֹ֨ת לָהֶ֧ם מָשְׁחָתָ֛ם לִכְהֻנַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ | And you will anoint them as you anointed their father, and they will officiate as priests to me, and their anointing will be for them to have an age-abiding priesthood in their generations.” | anointing: or part, portion [AnLx], i.e. task, duty. |
| Ex 40:16 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֑ה כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹת֖וֹ כֵּ֥ן עָשָֽׂה׃ ס | And Moses did everything that the Lord commanded him – so he did. | everything that ← according to everything that. |
| Ex 40:17 | וַיְהִ֞י בַּחֹ֧דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֛וֹן בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הוּקַ֖ם הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And it came to pass in the first month, in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was set up. | |
| Ex 40:18 | וַיָּ֨קֶם מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ן וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־אֲדָנָ֔יו וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֖ן אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֑יו וַיָּ֖קֶם אֶת־עַמּוּדָֽיו׃ | So Moses set up the tabernacle, and he installed its sockets, and he inserted its boards and inserted its bolts, and he erected its columns. | installed ... inserted ← put ... put. |
| Ex 40:19 | וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אֶת־הָאֹ֙הֶל֙ עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וַיָּ֜שֶׂם אֶת־מִכְסֵ֥ה הָאֹ֛הֶל עָלָ֖יו מִלְמָ֑עְלָה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And he pitched the tent over the tabernacle, and he put the covering of the tent over it – on top – as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:20 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־הָעֵדֻת֙ אֶל־הָ֣אָרֹ֔ן וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עַל־הָאָרֹ֑ן וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עַל־הָאָרֹ֖ן מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And he took the testimony and put it in the ark, and he inserted the poles alongside the ark, and he put the atonement cover over the ark, on top. | |
| Ex 40:21 | וַיָּבֵ֣א אֶת־הָאָרֹן֮ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֒ וַיָּ֗שֶׂם אֵ֚ת פָּרֹ֣כֶת הַמָּסָ֔ךְ וַיָּ֕סֶךְ עַ֖ל אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And he brought the ark to the tabernacle, and he put the screening veil in place, and he covered the ark of the testimony, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | screening veil ← veil of the screen, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ex 40:22 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד עַ֛ל יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן צָפֹ֑נָה מִח֖וּץ לַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃ | And he put the table in the tent of contact on the side of the tabernacle to the north, outside the veil. | side ← thigh. |
| Ex 40:23 | וַיַּעֲרֹ֥ךְ עָלָ֛יו עֵ֥רֶךְ לֶ֖חֶם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And he arranged bread on it in its proper arrangement before the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:24 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד נֹ֖כַח הַשֻּׁלְחָ֑ן עַ֛ל יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And he placed the lampstand in the tent of contact opposite the table on the side of the tabernacle to the south. | side ← thigh. |
| Ex 40:25 | וַיַּ֥עַל הַנֵּרֹ֖ת לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And he lit the lamps before the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:26 | וַיָּ֛שֶׂם אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַזָּהָ֖ב בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לִפְנֵ֖י הַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃ | And he placed the golden altar in the tent of contact in front of the veil. | |
| Ex 40:27 | וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו קְטֹ֣רֶת סַמִּ֑ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And he burnt aromatic incense on it, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:28 | וַיָּ֛שֶׂם אֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And he put the screen at the entrance to the tabernacle. | screen at ← screen of. |
| Ex 40:29 | וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֔ה שָׂ֕ם פֶּ֖תַח מִשְׁכַּ֣ן אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיַּ֣עַל עָלָ֗יו אֶת־הָעֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And he put the burnt offering altar at the entrance to the tabernacle of the tent of contact, and he offered on it the burnt offering and the meal-offering, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:30 | וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֔ר בֵּֽין־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן שָׁ֛מָּה מַ֖יִם לְרָחְצָֽה׃ | And he placed the laver between the tent of contact and the altar, and he put water in it for washing. | in it ← to there. |
| Ex 40:31 | וְרָחֲצ֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֑יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their feet with it. | with it ← from it. |
| Ex 40:32 | בְּבֹאָ֞ם אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד וּבְקָרְבָתָ֛ם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ יִרְחָ֑צוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | When they came to the tent of contact and when they approached the altar, they washed, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Ex 40:33 | וַיָּ֣קֶם אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֗ר סָבִיב֙ לַמִּשְׁכָּ֣ן וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיִּתֵּ֕ן אֶת־מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֣עַר הֶחָצֵ֑ר וַיְכַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃ פ | And he set up the courtyard round about the tabernacle and the altar, and he put the screen at the gate of the courtyard in place, and Moses finished the work. | screen at ← screen of. |
| Ex 40:34 | וַיְכַ֥ס הֶעָנָ֖ן אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וּכְב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | Then a cloud covered the tent of contact, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. |
Rev 15:8.
a cloud ← the cloud. |
| Ex 40:35 | וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד כִּֽי־שָׁכַ֥ן עָלָ֖יו הֶעָנָ֑ן וּכְב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And Moses could not go into the tent of contact, because the cloud stayed on it. And the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. | |
| Ex 40:36 | וּבְהֵעָל֤וֹת הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכֹ֖ל מַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, the sons of Israel moved in all their journeyings. | |
| Ex 40:37 | וְאִם־לֹ֥א יֵעָלֶ֖ה הֶעָנָ֑ן וְלֹ֣א יִסְע֔וּ עַד־י֖וֹם הֵעָלֹתֽוֹ׃ | But if the cloud was not taken up, then they did not move, until the day when it was taken up. | |
| Ex 40:38 | כִּי֩ עֲנַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְאֵ֕שׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַ֖יְלָה בּ֑וֹ לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃ | For the cloud of the Lord was on the tabernacle by day, and there was fire in it by night, in the sight of the whole house of Israel, in all their journeyings. | |
| Lev 1:1 | וַיִּקְרָ֖א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו מֵאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord called out to Moses and spoke to him from the tent of contact and said, | the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| Lev 1:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֥יב מִכֶּ֛ם קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ וּמִן־הַצֹּ֔אן תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ אֶת־קָרְבַּנְכֶֽם׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘If any of you bring an oblation to the Lord, you can bring your oblation from your cattle, from your oxen, or from your flock. |
if any of you ← a man if he offers from you.
bring (2x) ← bring near. The reader may prefer brings for the first instance. |
| Lev 1:3 | אִם־עֹלָ֤ה קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ מִן־הַבָּקָ֔ר זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔וֹ לִרְצֹנ֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | If a man's oblation is a burnt offering from the oxen, he will offer a male without blemish; he will offer it at the entrance to the tent of contact, willingly before the Lord. |
a man's ← his. A change of grammatical person from the previous verse (not uncommon in Hebrew).
he will offer ← he will offer it. without blemish ← perfect. willingly ← for his will / delight; we take it as a ↴ |
| Lev 1:4 | וְסָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָעֹלָ֑ה וְנִרְצָ֥ה ל֖וֹ לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ | And he will lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted on his behalf to atone for him. |
↳ subjective genitive, i.e. with the offerer's will.
lay ← lean. |
| Lev 1:5 | וְשָׁחַ֛ט אֶת־בֶּ֥ן הַבָּקָ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְ֠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וְזָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַדָּ֤ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And he will slaughter the bull-calf before the Lord. And the sons of Aaron – the priests – will offer the blood, and they will sprinkle the blood all around on the altar which is at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 1:6 | וְהִפְשִׁ֖יט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֑ה וְנִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖הּ לִנְתָחֶֽיהָ׃ | Then he will skin the burnt offering and cut it in pieces. | pieces ← its pieces. |
| Lev 1:7 | וְ֠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְעָרְכ֥וּ עֵצִ֖ים עַל־הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the sons of Aaron the priest will put fire on the altar, and they will arrange wood on the fire. | |
| Lev 1:8 | וְעָרְכ֗וּ בְּנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים אֵ֚ת הַנְּתָחִ֔ים אֶת־הָרֹ֖אשׁ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֑דֶר עַל־הָעֵצִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the sons of Aaron – the priests – will arrange the pieces, the head and the fat, on the wood which is on the fire, which is on the altar. | |
| Lev 1:9 | וְקִרְבּ֥וֹ וּכְרָעָ֖יו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַכֹּל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עֹלָ֛ה אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיח֖וֹחַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ ס | And he will wash the innards and the legs with water, and the priest will burn the whole on the altar, as a burnt offering, a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. |
burn ← “incense-burn”. Also in Lev 1:13, Lev 1:15 etc. See Ex 29:13.
on the altar ← to the altar. Also in Lev 1:13, Lev 1:15 etc. See Ex 29:13. |
| Lev 1:10 | וְאִם־מִן־הַצֹּ֨אן קָרְבָּנ֧וֹ מִן־הַכְּשָׂבִ֛ים א֥וֹ מִן־הָעִזִּ֖ים לְעֹלָ֑ה זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶֽנּוּ׃ | And if his oblation is from the flock, from the lambs or from the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer a male without blemish. |
offer a male ← offer it (as) a male.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 1:11 | וְשָׁחַ֨ט אֹת֜וֹ עַ֣ל יֶ֧רֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ צָפֹ֖נָה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the Lord, and Aaron's sons the priests will sprinkle its blood on the altar round about. | side ← thigh. |
| Lev 1:12 | וְנִתַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ לִנְתָחָ֔יו וְאֶת־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְאֶת־פִּדְר֑וֹ וְעָרַ֤ךְ הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹתָ֔ם עַל־הָֽעֵצִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And he will cut it in pieces, including its head and its fat, and the priest will arrange them on the wood which is on the fire which is on the altar. | pieces ← its pieces. |
| Lev 1:13 | וְהַקֶּ֥רֶב וְהַכְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְהִקְרִ֨יב הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַכֹּל֙ וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עֹלָ֣ה ה֗וּא אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And he will wash the innards and the legs with water, and the priest will offer the whole, and he will burn it on the altar. It is a burnt offering – a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | |
| Lev 1:14 | וְאִ֧ם מִן־הָע֛וֹף עֹלָ֥ה קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהִקְרִ֣יב מִן־הַתֹּרִ֗ים א֛וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה אֶת־קָרְבָּנֽוֹ׃ | And if the burnt offering for his oblation to the Lord is from birds, he will make his oblation from turtle-doves or from young pigeons. | |
| Lev 1:15 | וְהִקְרִיב֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וּמָלַק֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְנִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔וֹ עַ֖ל קִ֥יר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the priest will bring it to the altar, and he will wring its head off and burn it on the altar, and its blood will be wrung out on the wall of the altar. | will bring: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 1:16 | וְהֵסִ֥יר אֶת־מֻרְאָת֖וֹ בְּנֹצָתָ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ אֵ֤צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ קֵ֔דְמָה אֶל־מְק֖וֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן׃ | And he will remove its crop with its feathers and cast it to the side of the altar on the east, to the place of the ashes. | crop: part of the oesophagus. |
| Lev 1:17 | וְשִׁסַּ֨ע אֹת֣וֹ בִכְנָפָיו֮ לֹ֣א יַבְדִּיל֒ וְהִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֑שׁ עֹלָ֣ה ה֗וּא אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | And he will split it at its wings, but he will not separate the parts, and the priest will burn it on the altar, on the wood which is on the fire. It is a burnt offering – a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | |
| Lev 2:1 | וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְיָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְנָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖יהָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ | And if anyone brings an oblation of a meal-offering to the Lord, his oblation shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil on it, and he shall put frankincense on it. | anyone ← a soul. |
| Lev 2:2 | וֶֽהֱבִיאָ֗הּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮ הַכֹּהֲנִים֒ וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗וֹ מִסָּלְתָּהּ֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And he will bring it to Aaron's sons – the priests – and he will take a handful of it, of its fine flour, and of its oil, with all its frankincense, and the priest will burn it as a memorial of it on the altar – a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. |
take ← grasp, from the same root as handful, קמץ.
a handful ← the fulness of his handful. |
| Lev 2:3 | וְהַנּוֹתֶ֙רֶת֙ מִן־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And the residue of the meal-offering is for Aaron and for his sons. It is a holy of holies of the Lord's fire-offerings. | |
| Lev 2:4 | וְכִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ ס | And if you bring an oblation of a meal-offering baked in an oven, unleavened cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, or unleavened wafers coated with oil, |
baked in an oven ← thing baked of an oven. Wider use of the construct state.
unleavened cakes of fine flour ← fine flour of cakes of unleavened (things). |
| Lev 2:5 | וְאִם־מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ | or if your oblation is a meal-offering on the baking tray, it shall be of unleavened fine flour mixed with oil. | |
| Lev 2:6 | פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים וְיָצַקְתָּ֥ עָלֶ֖יהָ שָׁ֑מֶן מִנְחָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ ס | You will break it into pieces, and you will pour oil on it. It is a meal-offering. | you will break: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Lev 2:7 | וְאִם־מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ סֹ֥לֶת בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה׃ | And if your oblation is a meal-offering of the frying pan, it will be made from fine flour with oil. | |
| Lev 2:8 | וְהֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה לַיהוָ֑ה וְהִקְרִיבָהּ֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִגִּישָׁ֖הּ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And you will bring the meal-offering which is made from these things to the Lord, and you will bring it to the priest, and he will bring it up to the altar. | you will bring it ← he / one will bring it. With different vocalization: bring it (imperative). Change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew. |
| Lev 2:9 | וְהֵרִ֨ים הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔הּ וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will take up the memorial-offering from the meal-offering, and he will burn it on the altar. It is a fire-offering, a sweet fragrance to the Lord. |
the memorial-offering ← its memorial-offering.
on the altar ← to the altar. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. Compare Ex 29:13. |
| Lev 2:10 | וְהַנּוֹתֶ֙רֶת֙ מִן־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the residue of the meal-offering is for Aaron and his sons. It is a holy of holies of the Lord's fire-offerings. | |
| Lev 2:11 | כָּל־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֙יבוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ כִּ֤י כָל־שְׂאֹר֙ וְכָל־דְּבַ֔שׁ לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | No meal-offering which you offer to the Lord may be made leavened, for you will not burn any fire-offering to the Lord with any leaven or any honey. | with ← from it, referring to the leaven and honey. |
| Lev 2:12 | קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם לַיהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ | As regards the oblation of the firstfruits, you shall offer them to the Lord, but they will not be burnt on the altar as a sweet fragrance. |
firstfruits ← first. Not the same word as in Lev 2:14.
be burnt ← go up, i.e. in flames. |
| Lev 2:13 | וְכָל־קָרְבַּ֣ן מִנְחָתְךָ֮ בַּמֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁבִּ֗ית מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מֵעַ֖ל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ עַ֥ל כָּל־קָרְבָּנְךָ֖ תַּקְרִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ ס | And every oblation of your meal-offering will be seasoned with salt. For you shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking in your meal-offering. You shall offer salt in every oblation of yours. |
seasoned ← salted.
you shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking ← or, dividing the verse differently, the covenant of your God does not allow salt to be lacking ← ... to cause to cease. |
| Lev 2:14 | וְאִם־תַּקְרִ֛יב מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים לַיהוָ֑ה אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּאֵשׁ֙ גֶּ֣רֶשׂ כַּרְמֶ֔ל תַּקְרִ֕יב אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽיךָ׃ | And if you bring an offering of the firstfruits to the Lord, you shall offer green ears of corn roasted in the fire, ground corn of the choice plantation, as the offering of your firstfruits. | |
| Lev 2:15 | וְנָתַתָּ֤ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ עָלֶ֖יהָ לְבֹנָ֑ה מִנְחָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ | And you will put oil on it, and you will put frankincense on it; it is a meal-offering. | |
| Lev 2:16 | וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗הּ מִגִּרְשָׂהּ֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And the priest will burn a memorial of it, from its ground corn and from its oil, with all its frankincense – a fire-offering to the Lord. | |
| Lev 3:1 | וְאִם־זֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ אִ֤ם מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And if his oblation is a peace-sacrifice, or if he is offering from the oxen, whether it is male or female, he will offer a specimen without blemish before the Lord. | he will offer a specimen without blemish ← perfect he will offer it. |
| Lev 3:2 | וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ וּשְׁחָט֕וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he will lay his hand on the head of his oblation, and he will slaughter it at the entrance to the tent of contact, and Aaron's sons the priests will sprinkle the blood on the altar round about. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 3:3 | וְהִקְרִיב֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֔ים אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ | And he will make an offering from the peace-sacrifice – a fire-offering to the Lord. As for the fat which covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards, | |
| Lev 3:4 | וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ | and the two kidneys, and the fat which is on them, which is at the loins, and the caul which is on the liver and on the kidneys, he will remove them. | them ← it. |
| Lev 3:5 | וְהִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַל־הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֑שׁ אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And Aaron's sons will burn it on the altar, on top of the burnt offering which is on the wood which is on the fire – a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | |
| Lev 3:6 | וְאִם־מִן־הַצֹּ֧אן קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַיהוָ֑ה זָכָר֙ א֣וֹ נְקֵבָ֔ה תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶֽנּוּ׃ | And if his oblation is from the flock, as a peace-sacrifice to the Lord, he will offer a male or female without blemish. |
offer ← offer it.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 3:7 | אִם־כֶּ֥שֶׂב הֽוּא־מַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | If it is a lamb that he offers as his oblation, he shall offer it before the Lord. | |
| Lev 3:8 | וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he will lay his hand on the head of his oblation, and he will slaughter it in front of the tent of contact, and Aaron's sons will sprinkle its blood on the altar round about. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 3:9 | וְהִקְרִ֨יב מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ אִשֶּׁ֣ה לַיהוָה֒ חֶלְבּוֹ֙ הָאַלְיָ֣ה תְמִימָ֔ה לְעֻמַּ֥ת הֶעָצֶ֖ה יְסִירֶ֑נָּה וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ | And he will make an offering from the peace-sacrifice – a fire-offering to the Lord. As for its fat and the whole of its tail at its spine, he will remove them and the fat covering the innards and all the fat that is on the innards, | them ← it. |
| Lev 3:10 | וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ | and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the caul on the liver and on the kidneys. He will remove them. | them ← it. |
| Lev 3:11 | וְהִקְטִיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And the priest will burn it on the altar – the bread of a fire-offering to the Lord. |
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Lev 3:12 | וְאִ֥ם עֵ֖ז קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִיב֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And if his oblation is a goat, he will offer it before the Lord. | |
| Lev 3:13 | וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he will lay his hand on its head and slaughter it before the tent of contact, and Aaron's sons will sprinkle its blood on the altar round about. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 3:14 | וְהִקְרִ֤יב מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ | And he will offer his oblation from it – a fire-offering to the Lord. As for the fat covering the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards, | |
| Lev 3:15 | וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ | and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the caul on the liver and on the kidneys, he will remove them. | them ← it. |
| Lev 3:16 | וְהִקְטִירָ֥ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ כָּל־חֵ֖לֶב לַיהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will burn them on the altar – the bread of a fire-offering – as a sweet fragrance. All fat is the Lord's. |
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Lev 3:17 | חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כָּל־חֵ֥לֶב וְכָל־דָּ֖ם לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ פ | It is an age-abiding statute for your generations, in all your dwellings; you shall not eat any fat or any blood.’ ” | any (2x) ← all. |
| Lev 4:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 4:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵאמֹר֒ נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִשְׁגָגָה֙ מִכֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה וְעָשָׂ֕ה מֵאַחַ֖ת מֵהֵֽנָּה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘Anyone who commits sin in a sin of ignorance in any of the Lord's commandments which are prohibitions, but he does it, in respect of any one of them, |
anyone ← a soul.
any ← all. are prohibitions ← are not (to be) done. |
| Lev 4:3 | אִ֣ם הַכֹּהֵ֧ן הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ יֶחֱטָ֖א לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת הָעָ֑ם וְהִקְרִ֡יב עַ֣ל חַטָּאתוֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר תָּמִ֛ים לַיהוָ֖ה לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | or if the anointed priest sins, incurring the guilt of the people, then he shall make an offering for his sin which he has committed, of a bull-calf of the oxen without blemish, to the Lord as a sin-offering, |
incurring ← to.
committed ← sinned. without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 4:4 | וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־הַפָּ֗ר אֶל־פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפָּ֔ר וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and he will bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of contact before the Lord, and he will lay his hand on the head of the bull, and he will slaughter the bull before the Lord. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 4:5 | וְלָקַ֛ח הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֑ר וְהֵבִ֥יא אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the anointed priest will take some of the blood of the bull and bring it to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 4:6 | וְטָבַ֧ל הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־אֶצְבָּע֖וֹ בַּדָּ֑ם וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַדָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And the priest will dip his finger in the blood, and he will sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the Lord in front of the veil of the holy place. | |
| Lev 4:7 | וְנָתַן֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַדָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַסַּמִּים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דַּ֣ם הַפָּ֗ר יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ אֶל־יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the priest will put some of the blood on the horns of the aromatic incense altar before the Lord which is at the tent of contact, and he will pour all the blood of the bull onto the base of the burnt offering altar which is at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 4:8 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֵ֛לֶב פַּ֥ר הַֽחַטָּ֖את יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ | And as for all the fat of the bull of the sin-offering, he will remove from the bull the fat covering the innards and all the fat that is on the innards. | the bull ← it. |
| Lev 4:9 | וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ | And as for the two kidneys, and the fat which is on them, and which is on the loins, and the caul on the liver and on the kidneys, he will remove it. | it: i.e. all these things. Feminine singular, generalizing. |
| Lev 4:10 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִשּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וְהִקְטִירָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַ֖ל מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָֽה׃ | As they are removed from the ox of the peace-sacrifice, so the priest will burn them on the burnt offering altar. | |
| Lev 4:11 | וְאֶת־ע֤וֹר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֔וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְעַל־כְּרָעָ֑יו וְקִרְבּ֖וֹ וּפִרְשֽׁוֹ׃ | And as for the hide of the bull and all its flesh, on its head and on its legs, and its innards and its dung, | |
| Lev 4:12 | וְהוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠פָּר אֶל־מִח֨וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה אֶל־מָק֤וֹם טָהוֹר֙ אֶל־שֶׁ֣פֶךְ הַדֶּ֔שֶׁן וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֹת֛וֹ עַל־עֵצִ֖ים בָּאֵ֑שׁ עַל־שֶׁ֥פֶךְ הַדֶּ֖שֶׁן יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ פ | he will bring the whole bull out to outside the camp, to a clean place, to the deposition site for ashes, and he will burn it on wood with fire. It is at the deposition site for ashes that it shall be burned. | he will bring ← and he will bring. |
| Lev 4:13 | וְאִ֨ם כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׁגּ֔וּ וְנֶעְלַ֣ם דָּבָ֔ר מֵעֵינֵ֖י הַקָּהָ֑ל וְ֠עָשׂוּ אַחַ֨ת מִכָּל־מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה וְאָשֵֽׁמוּ׃ | And if the whole congregation of Israel commits a sin of ignorance, and the matter is kept hidden from the eyes of the convocation, and they commit any one of all the prohibited acts of the Lord – things which are not to be done – and they become guilty, |
prohibited acts ← commandments.
they become guilty: perhaps they realize their guilt. Not they are made aware of their guilt, as that is given as a separate alternative in similar circumstances in Lev 4:23, Lev 4:28. |
| Lev 4:14 | וְנֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽחַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וְהִקְרִ֨יבוּ הַקָּהָ֜ל פַּ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ לְחַטָּ֔את וְהֵבִ֣יאוּ אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | and the sin by which they have sinned becomes known, then the convocation will offer a bull-calf of the oxen as a sin-offering, and they will bring it before the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 4:15 | וְ֠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָעֵדָ֧ה אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֛ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the elders of the congregation will lay their hands on the bull's head before the Lord, and the priest will slaughter the bull before the Lord. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 4:16 | וְהֵבִ֛יא הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֑ר אֶל־אֹ֖הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the anointed priest will bring some of the bull's blood to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 4:17 | וְטָבַ֧ל הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶצְבָּע֖וֹ מִן־הַדָּ֑ם וְהִזָּ֞ה שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י הַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃ | And the priest will dip his finger in some of the blood, and he will sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil. | |
| Lev 4:18 | וּמִן־הַדָּ֞ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ עַל־קַרְנֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֲשֶׁר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַדָּ֗ם יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ אֶל־יְסוֹד֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And he will put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before the Lord, which is in the tent of contact, and he will pour all the blood onto the base of the altar of the burnt offering which is at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 4:19 | וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖וֹ יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And he will remove all its fat from it and burn it on the altar. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 4:20 | וְעָשָׂ֣ה לַפָּ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֔את כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ וְכִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְנִסְלַ֥ח לָהֶֽם׃ | And he will deal with the bull. As he deals with the bull of the sin-offering, so he will deal with it. And the priest will atone for them, and it will be forgiven them. | |
| Lev 4:21 | וְהוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־הַפָּ֗ר אֶל־מִחוּץ֙ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְשָׂרַ֣ף אֹת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂרַ֔ף אֵ֖ת הַפָּ֣ר הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן חַטַּ֥את הַקָּהָ֖ל הֽוּא׃ פ | And he will take the bull outside the camp, and he will burn it as he burns the first bull. It is the sin-offering for the convocation. | |
| Lev 4:22 | אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָשִׂ֖יא יֶֽחֱטָ֑א וְעָשָׂ֡ה אַחַ֣ת מִכָּל־מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜יו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה וְאָשֵֽׁם׃ | If a leading man sins through ignorance and commits any one of all the prohibited acts of the Lord his God – things which are not to be done – and he becomes guilty, |
prohibited acts ← commandments.
he becomes guilty: see Lev 4:13. |
| Lev 4:23 | אֽוֹ־הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָיו֙ חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑הּ וְהֵבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים זָכָ֥ר תָּמִֽים׃ | or his sin which he committed is made known to him, then he will bring as his oblation a kid of the goats, a male without blemish, |
which he committed ← by which he sinned.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 4:24 | וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔וֹ בִּמְק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא׃ | and he will lay his hand on the head of the goat, and he will slaughter it in the place where one slaughters the burnt offering before the Lord. It is a sin-offering. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 4:25 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה וְאֶת־דָּמ֣וֹ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָֽה׃ | And the priest will take some of the blood of the sin-offering with his finger, and he will put it on the horns of the burnt offering altar, and he will pour its blood onto the base of the burnt offering altar. | |
| Lev 4:26 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבּוֹ֙ יַקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה כְּחֵ֖לֶב זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ פ | And he will burn all its fat on the altar like the fat of the peace-sacrifice, and the priest will atone for it – for his sin – and it will be forgiven him. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 4:27 | וְאִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת תֶּחֱטָ֥א בִשְׁגָגָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ בַּ֠עֲשֹׂתָהּ אַחַ֨ת מִמִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה וְאָשֵֽׁם׃ | And if anyone from the people of the land sins with a sin of ignorance by him committing any one of the prohibited acts of the Lord – things which are not to be done – and he becomes guilty, |
anyone ... him ← one soul ... it (fem.).
prohibited acts ← commandments. he becomes guilty: see Lev 4:13. |
| Lev 4:28 | א֚וֹ הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔יו חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א וְהֵבִ֨יא קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ שְׂעִירַ֤ת עִזִּים֙ תְּמִימָ֣ה נְקֵבָ֔ה עַל־חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ | or his sin by which he sinned is made known to him, then he will bring as his oblation a female kid of the goats without blemish, for his sin by which he sinned, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 4:29 | וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַֽחַטָּ֑את וְשָׁחַט֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַטָּ֔את בִּמְק֖וֹם הָעֹלָֽה׃ | and he will lay his hand on the head of the sin-offering, and he will slaughter the sin-offering in the place of the burnt offering. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 4:30 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִדָּמָהּ֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה וְאֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣הּ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the priest will take some of its blood on his finger, and he will put it on the horns of the burnt offering altar, and he will pour all its blood onto the base of the altar. | |
| Lev 4:31 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣הּ יָסִ֗יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ מֵעַ֣ל זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֒ וְהִקְטִ֤יר הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ פ | And he will remove all its fat, as the fat is removed from the peace-sacrifice, and the priest will burn it on the altar as a sweet fragrance to the Lord, and the priest will atone for him, and it will be forgiven him. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 4:32 | וְאִם־כֶּ֛בֶשׂ יָבִ֥יא קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ לְחַטָּ֑את נְקֵבָ֥ה תְמִימָ֖ה יְבִיאֶֽנָּה׃ | And if he brings a lamb as his oblation, as a sin-offering, he will bring a female without blemish. |
bring ← bring it.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 4:33 | וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַֽחַטָּ֑את וְשָׁחַ֤ט אֹתָהּ֙ לְחַטָּ֔את בִּמְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָעֹלָֽה׃ | And he will lay his hand on the head of the sin-offering, and he will slaughter it as a sin-offering in the place where he slaughters the burnt offering. | lay ← lean. |
| Lev 4:34 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה וְאֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣הּ יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the priest will take some of the blood of the sin-offering on his finger, and he will put it on the horns of the burnt offering altar, and he will pour all its blood onto the base of the altar. | |
| Lev 4:35 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣ה יָסִ֗יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַכֶּשֶׂב֮ מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֒ וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־חַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ פ | And he will remove all its fat, as the fat is removed from the lamb of the peace-sacrifice, and the priest will burn it on the altar with the Lord's fire-offerings. So the priest will atone for him – for his sin which he committed – and it will be forgiven him. |
it ← them.
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. committed ← sinned. |
| Lev 5:1 | וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ ק֣וֹל אָלָ֔ה וְה֣וּא עֵ֔ד א֥וֹ רָאָ֖ה א֣וֹ יָדָ֑ע אִם־ל֥וֹא יַגִּ֖יד וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ | And a person who sins in that he hears the sound of cursing, and he is a witness, or he sees it, or he learns of it, if he does not report it, he shall bear his iniquity. |
a person ← a soul.
in that ← and. learns ← knows, or comes to know. |
| Lev 5:2 | א֣וֹ נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע֮ בְּכָל־דָּבָ֣ר טָמֵא֒ אוֹ֩ בְנִבְלַ֨ת חַיָּ֜ה טְמֵאָ֗ה א֤וֹ בְּנִבְלַת֙ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה א֕וֹ בְּנִבְלַ֖ת שֶׁ֣רֶץ טָמֵ֑א וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְה֥וּא טָמֵ֖א וְאָשֵֽׁם׃ | Or a person who touches any unclean thing, either a carcase of an unclean animal, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of an unclean reptile, and it has escaped his notice, then he is unclean and guilty, |
a person ← a soul.
any ← every. it has escaped his notice ← it is hidden from him. |
| Lev 5:3 | א֣וֹ כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑הּ וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע וְאָשֵֽׁם׃ | or if he touches a man's uncleanness, in any uncleanness of his by which he is defiled, and it has escaped his notice, then he comes to know that he is guilty, |
any ← every.
it has escaped his notice ← it is hidden from him. that he is guilty ← and he is guilty. |
| Lev 5:4 | א֣וֹ נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְהָרַ֣ע ׀ א֣וֹ לְהֵיטִ֗יב לְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָאָדָ֛ם בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם לְאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ | or if a person who swears by speaking rashly with his lips about doing wrong or doing good, according to everything man rashly speaks with an oath, and he is unaware of it, then he comes to know that he is guilty of any one of these offences, |
a person ← a soul.
by speaking rashly: gerundial use of the infinitive. is unaware of it ← it is hidden from him. that he is guilty ← and he is guilty. |
| Lev 5:5 | וְהָיָ֥ה כִֽי־יֶאְשַׁ֖ם לְאַחַ֣ת מֵאֵ֑לֶּה וְהִ֨תְוַדָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | then it shall come to pass when he is consciously guilty of one of these things and confesses that he has sinned against it, | |
| Lev 5:6 | וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣וֹ לַיהוָ֡ה עַ֣ל חַטָּאתוֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א נְקֵבָ֨ה מִן־הַצֹּ֥אן כִּשְׂבָּ֛ה אֽוֹ־שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים לְחַטָּ֑את וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן מֵחַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ | that he shall bring his guilt-offering to the Lord for his sin whereby he sinned: a female from the flock, a ewe or a she-goat kid, as a sin-offering, and the priest will make atonement for him regarding his sin. | regarding ← from. |
| Lev 5:7 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א תַגִּ֣יע יָדוֹ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א שְׁתֵּ֥י תֹרִ֛ים אֽוֹ־שְׁנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יוֹנָ֖ה לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֶחָ֥ד לְחַטָּ֖את וְאֶחָ֥ד לְעֹלָֽה׃ | And if the expense of a lamb is out of his reach, then he shall bring for his guilt which he incurred two turtle-doves or two young pigeons to the Lord: one for a sin-offering and one for a burnt offering. |
the expense of a lamb is out of his reach ← his hand does not reach the sufficiency of a lamb.
incurred ← sinned. |
| Lev 5:8 | וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִקְרִ֛יב אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַחַטָּ֖את רִאשׁוֹנָ֑ה וּמָלַ֧ק אֶת־רֹאשׁ֛וֹ מִמּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א יַבְדִּֽיל׃ | And he will bring them to the priest, and he will offer the one which is a sin-offering first, and he will wring its head at its neck, and he will not divide it. | at ← opposite. |
| Lev 5:9 | וְהִזָּ֞ה מִדַּ֤ם הַחַטָּאת֙ עַל־קִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְהַנִּשְׁאָ֣ר בַּדָּ֔ם יִמָּצֵ֖ה אֶל־יְס֣וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא׃ | He will then sprinkle some of the blood of the sin-offering on the wall of the altar, and the remainder of the blood will be wrung out onto the base of the altar. It is a sin-offering. | |
| Lev 5:10 | וְאֶת־הַשֵּׁנִ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מֵחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ ס | And he will perform the burnt offering with the second one according to the prescribed way, and the priest will make atonement for him, for his sin which he committed, and it will be forgiven him. | committed ← sinned. |
| Lev 5:11 | וְאִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָד֜וֹ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אוֹ֮ לִשְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָאֵפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת לְחַטָּ֑את לֹא־יָשִׂ֨ים עָלֶ֜יהָ שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֹא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא׃ | And if his means do not extend to two turtle-doves or to two young pigeons, then he that sinned will bring as his oblation a tenth of an ephah of fine flour, as a sin-offering. He shall not put oil on it, and he shall not put frankincense on it, for it is a sin-offering. |
his means do not extend ← his hand does not reach.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Lev 5:12 | וֶהֱבִיאָהּ֮ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֒ וְקָמַ֣ץ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ מִ֠מֶּנָּה מְל֨וֹא קֻמְצ֜וֹ אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָה֙ וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הִֽוא׃ | And he will bring it to the priest, and the priest will take a handful of it, as a memorial of it, and he will burn it on the altar, with the Lord's fire-offerings. It is a sin-offering. |
a handful: see Lev 2:2.
a memorial of it: we assume a possessive suffix, as in Lev 2:16, despite the lack of dagesh here. on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 5:13 | וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן עַל־חַטָּאת֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א מֵֽאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵ֖לֶּה וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ וְהָיְתָ֥ה לַכֹּהֵ֖ן כַּמִּנְחָֽה׃ ס | And the priest will make atonement for him, for the sin which he committed against one of these things, and it will be forgiven him, and it will be for the priest as a meal-offering.’ ” | committed ← sinned. |
| Lev 5:14 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 5:15 | נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל וְחָֽטְאָה֙ בִּשְׁגָגָ֔ה מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְהֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨וֹ לַֽיהוָ֜ה אַ֧יִל תָּמִ֣ים מִן־הַצֹּ֗אן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֛ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֥ים בְּשֶֽׁקֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לְאָשָֽׁם׃ | “If anyone commits a trespass and sins through ignorance against the Lord's holy things, then he will bring his guilt-offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, in silver shekels according to the holy shekel, as the guilt-offering. |
anyone ← a soul.
commits ← trespasses. without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 5:16 | וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א מִן־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם וְאֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔יו וְנָתַ֥ן אֹת֖וֹ לַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְהַכֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו בְּאֵ֥יל הָאָשָׁ֖ם וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ פ | And he will pay for having sinned in respect of the holy thing, and he will add a fifth to it, and he will give it to the priest, and the priest will make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt-offering, and it will be forgiven him. | in respect of ← from. |
| Lev 5:17 | וְאִם־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א וְעָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִכָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ | And if a person sins and does any one of all the Lord's prohibited acts – things which are not to be done – and he did not know, and he becomes consciously guilty, then he will bear his iniquity. |
a person ← a soul.
prohibited acts ← commandments. he becomes consciously guilty: see Lev 4:13. |
| Lev 5:18 | וְ֠הֵבִיא אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַצֹּ֛אן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ לְאָשָׁ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן עַ֣ל שִׁגְגָת֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁגָ֛ג וְה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ | And he will bring a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation for a guilt-offering, to the priest, and the priest will make atonement for him, for his sin of ignorance which he committed in ignorance, and he was not aware of it, and it will be forgiven him. | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 5:19 | אָשָׁ֖ם ה֑וּא אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | It is a guilt-offering for whoever has in any way incurred guilt with the Lord.” | in any way incurred guilt: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 5:20 Lev 6:1AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 5:21 Lev 6:2AV |
נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ | “If a person sins and commits a trespass against the Lord, and he lies about something to his neighbour in a matter of safe deposit or safe keeping with a pledge, or in a matter of plunder, or if he has oppressed his neighbour, |
a person ← a soul.
commits ← trespasses. pledge ← hand (which is raised in pledging). |
| Lev 5:22 Lev 6:3AV |
אֽוֹ־מָצָ֧א אֲבֵדָ֛ה וְכִ֥חֶשׁ בָּ֖הּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר עַל־אַחַ֗ת מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם לַחֲטֹ֥א בָהֵֽנָּה׃ | or if he finds a lost item and lies about it, or if he swears falsely about any one of all the things that a man does, so as to sin in them, | |
| Lev 5:23 Lev 6:4AV |
וְהָיָה֮ כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְאָשֵׁם֒ וְהֵשִׁ֨יב אֶת־הַגְּזֵלָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֗ל א֤וֹ אֶת־הָעֹ֙שֶׁק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׁ֔ק א֚וֹ אֶת־הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ א֥וֹ אֶת־הָאֲבֵדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָֽא׃ | then it shall come to pass, in that he sinned and is guilty, that he will return the booty which he plundered, or the gain which he gained by oppression, or the item in safe deposit which was deposited with him, or the lost item which he found. | |
| Lev 5:24 Lev 6:5AV |
א֠וֹ מִכֹּ֞ל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָיו֮ לַשֶּׁקֶר֒ וְשִׁלַּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַחֲמִשִׁתָ֖יו יֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֑יו לַאֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛וֹ יִתְּנֶ֖נּוּ בְּי֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽוֹ׃ | Or in any matter where he swore falsely, he will repay it, the original sum, adding a fifth to it, and he will give it to him whose it is, on the day of his guilt-offering. |
any ← every.
original sum ← in its head. |
| Lev 5:25 Lev 6:6AV |
וְאֶת־אֲשָׁמ֥וֹ יָבִ֖יא לַיהוָ֑ה אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַצֹּ֛אן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ לְאָשָׁ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And he will bring his guilt-offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the flock, by your valuation, as a guilt-offering, to the priest. | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 5:26 Lev 6:7AV |
וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ עַל־אַחַ֛ת מִכֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְאַשְׁמָ֥ה בָֽהּ׃ פ | And the priest will make atonement for him before the Lord, and it will be forgiven him, for anything at all that he does by which he incurs guilt.” | anything at all ← at one (thing) from all. |
| Lev 6:1 Lev 6:8AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 6:2 Lev 6:9AV |
צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה הִ֣וא הָעֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ׃ | “Command Aaron and his sons, and say, ‘This is the procedure for the burnt offering. It is the burnt offering on the hearth of the altar, kept alight all night until the morning, as the fire of the altar burns on it. |
procedure for ← law of.
on the hearth: AV differs (because of the burning). of the altar ← on the altar. as the fire ← and the fire. |
| Lev 6:3 Lev 6:10AV |
וְלָבַ֨שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדּ֣וֹ בַ֗ד וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ וְהֵרִ֣ים אֶת־הַדֶּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְשָׂמ֕וֹ אֵ֖צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the priest will wear a fine linen garment, and he will wear fine linen trousers on his flesh. And he will take up the ashes produced when the fire consumes the burnt offering on the altar, and he will put them alongside the altar. | a fine linen garment ← his garment fine linen. |
| Lev 6:4 Lev 6:11AV |
וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְלָבַ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־הַדֶּ֙שֶׁן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר׃ | Then he will take his clothes off and put other clothes on, and he will take the ashes outside the camp to a clean place. | |
| Lev 6:5 Lev 6:12AV |
וְהָאֵ֨שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־בּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה וּבִעֵ֨ר עָלֶ֧יהָ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עֵצִ֖ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וְעָרַ֤ךְ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָֽעֹלָ֔ה וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ חֶלְבֵ֥י הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ | And the fire of the altar will be kept burning on it – it will not be extinguished – and the priest will burn wood on it every morning, and he will arrange the burnt offering on it, and he will burn the fat of the peace-offering on it. | fat ← fats. |
| Lev 6:6 Lev 6:13AV |
אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לֹ֥א תִכְבֶֽה׃ ס | A continual fire will burn on the altar; it shall not be extinguished. | |
| Lev 6:7 Lev 6:14AV |
וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה הַקְרֵ֨ב אֹתָ֤הּ בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And this is the procedure for the meal-offering: that Aaron's sons should offer it before the Lord, in front of the altar. | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 6:8 Lev 6:15AV |
וְהֵרִ֨ים מִמֶּ֜נּוּ בְּקֻמְצ֗וֹ מִסֹּ֤לֶת הַמִּנְחָה֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַלְּבֹנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ רֵ֧יחַ נִיחֹ֛חַ אַזְכָּרָתָ֖הּ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And he will take up a handful of it – of the fine flour of the meal-offering including its oil – and all the frankincense, which are to go with the meal-offering, and he will burn them on the altar, a sweet fragrance, a memorial of it, to the Lord. | a handful ← with his handful. |
| Lev 6:9 Lev 6:16AV |
וְהַנּוֹתֶ֣רֶת מִמֶּ֔נָּה יֹאכְל֖וּ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֑יו מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ בַּחֲצַ֥ר אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יֹאכְלֽוּהָ׃ | And Aaron and his sons will eat the remainder of it. It will be eaten as unleavened loaves in a holy place; they will eat it in the courtyard of the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 6:10 Lev 6:17AV |
לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ חֶלְקָ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖הּ מֵאִשָּׁ֑י קֹ֤דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים֙ הִ֔וא כַּחַטָּ֖את וְכָאָשָֽׁם׃ | It will not be baked leavened. I have given it as their portion of my fire-offerings. It is a holy of holies like the sin-offering and the guilt-offering. | |
| Lev 6:11 Lev 6:18AV |
כָּל־זָכָ֞ר בִּבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ יֹֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה חָק־עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֥ע בָּהֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ׃ פ | Every male among Aaron's children will eat it. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations concerning the Lord's fire-offerings. Everyone who touches them shall be holy.’ ” | children ← sons. |
| Lev 6:12 Lev 6:19AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 6:13 Lev 6:20AV |
זֶ֡ה קָרְבַּן֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּבָנָ֜יו אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֣יבוּ לַֽיהוָ֗ה בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָאֵפָ֥ה סֹ֛לֶת מִנְחָ֖ה תָּמִ֑יד מַחֲצִיתָ֣הּ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּמַחֲצִיתָ֖הּ בָּעָֽרֶב׃ | “This is the oblation of Aaron and his sons which they will offer to the Lord, on the day when the man is anointed: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour of the meal-offering, perpetually, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. |
the man ← he, which would sound as though it referred to the Lord in the English. Accusative in Hebrew [Ges-HG] §121b.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Lev 6:14 Lev 6:21AV |
עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת תְּבִיאֶ֑נָּה תֻּפִינֵי֙ מִנְחַ֣ת פִּתִּ֔ים תַּקְרִ֥יב רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | It will be made on a baking tray with oil; you will bring it when it has been mixed. You will offer baked items of the meal-offering baked in pieces as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. |
mixed: AV differs (baken).
baked in pieces ← of pieces. |
| Lev 6:15 Lev 6:22AV |
וְהַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַמָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛יו מִבָּנָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ חָק־עוֹלָ֕ם לַיהוָ֖ה כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר׃ | And the anointed priest in place of him, from his sons, will make it. It is an age-abiding statute of the Lord. It shall be completely burnt. | |
| Lev 6:16 Lev 6:23AV |
וְכָל־מִנְחַ֥ת כֹּהֵ֛ן כָּלִ֥יל תִּהְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל׃ פ | And every meal-offering of the priest will be a complete burnt offering; it shall not be eaten.” | |
| Lev 6:17 Lev 6:24AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 6:18 Lev 6:25AV |
דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽחַטָּ֑את בִּמְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָעֹלָ֜ה תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽחַטָּאת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃ | “Speak to Aaron and his sons and say, ‘This is the procedure for the sin-offering. At the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, the sin-offering will be slaughtered before the Lord. It is a holy of holies. | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 6:19 Lev 6:26AV |
הַכֹּהֵ֛ן הַֽמְחַטֵּ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ יֹאכֲלֶ֑נָּה בְּמָק֤וֹם קָדֹשׁ֙ תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל בַּחֲצַ֖ר אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | The priest who offers it as a sin-offering will eat it. It will be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 6:20 Lev 6:27AV |
כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֥ע בִּבְשָׂרָ֖הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִדָּמָהּ֙ עַל־הַבֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּמָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ | Everyone who touches its flesh will be holy. And when any of its blood is splashed on the garment, you will wash that which was splashed on in a holy place. |
everyone: AV differs (everything), which is also possible, but see Lev 6:22 (Lev 6:29AV).
a holy place: perhaps read as the holy place. This applies frequently in Leviticus. |
| Lev 6:21 Lev 6:28AV |
וּכְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־בּ֖וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּמֹרַ֥ק וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | And the earthenware vessel in which it is boiled will be broken, or if it is boiled in a copper vessel, then it will be thoroughly scoured and thoroughly rinsed with water. | thoroughly scoured ... thoroughly rinsed: uniquely to this verse, these verbs are pual, denoting intensity. |
| Lev 6:22 Lev 6:29AV |
כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכַ֣ל אֹתָ֑הּ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃ | Every male among the priests will eat it. It is a holy of holies. | |
| Lev 6:23 Lev 6:30AV |
וְכָל־חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִדָּמָ֜הּ אֶל־אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד לְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃ פ | But no sin-offering of which blood is brought to the tent of contact to make atonement in the holy place will be eaten; it will be burned by fire. | no ← not every. |
| Lev 7:1 | וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָאָשָׁ֑ם קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃ | And this is the procedure for the guilt-offering. It is a holy of holies. | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 7:2 | בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ אֶת־הָאָשָׁ֑ם וְאֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ יִזְרֹ֥ק עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering, they will slaughter the guilt-offering, and he will sprinkle its blood on the altar round about. | |
| Lev 7:3 | וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖וֹ יַקְרִ֣יב מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֵ֚ת הָֽאַלְיָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ | And he will offer all its fat – the tail and the fat covering the innards. | its fat ← its fat from it. |
| Lev 7:4 | וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ | And as for the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the caul that is on the liver, and on the kidneys, he will remove them. | them ← it, as in Lev 4:9. |
| Lev 7:5 | וְהִקְטִ֨יר אֹתָ֤ם הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה אָשָׁ֖ם הֽוּא׃ | And the priest will burn them on the altar as a fire-offering to the Lord. It is a guilt-offering. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 7:6 | כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכְלֶ֑נּוּ בְּמָק֤וֹם קָדוֹשׁ֙ יֵאָכֵ֔ל קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃ | Every male among the priests will eat it. It will be eaten in a holy place. It is a holy of holies. | a holy place: perhaps read as the holy place. |
| Lev 7:7 | כַּֽחַטָּאת֙ כָּֽאָשָׁ֔ם תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לָהֶ֑ם הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־בּ֖וֹ ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | As the sin-offering is, so is the guilt-offering. They have one procedure. The priest who makes atonement with it will have it. | procedure ← law. |
| Lev 7:8 | וְהַ֨כֹּהֵ֔ן הַמַּקְרִ֖יב אֶת־עֹ֣לַת אִ֑ישׁ ע֤וֹר הָֽעֹלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְרִ֔יב לַכֹּהֵ֖ן ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And the priest who offers any man's burnt offering will have the skin of the burnt offering which he offers. It is for the priest. | |
| Lev 7:9 | וְכָל־מִנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּתַּנּ֔וּר וְכָל־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַמַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת וְעַֽל־מַחֲבַ֑ת לַכֹּהֵ֛ן הַמַּקְרִ֥יב אֹתָ֖הּ ל֥וֹ תִֽהְיֶֽה׃ | And every meal-offering that is baked in an oven, and everything prepared in a frying pan or on a baking tray will be for the priest who offers it. | |
| Lev 7:10 | וְכָל־מִנְחָ֥ה בְלוּלָֽה־בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וַחֲרֵבָ֑ה לְכָל־בְּנֵ֧י אַהֲרֹ֛ן תִּהְיֶ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ כְּאָחִֽיו׃ פ | And every meal-offering mixed with oil, or dry, will be for all Aaron's sons, one as another. |
or dry: disjunctive use of the vav. A dry meal-offering in Lev 5:11-13.
one as another ← a man as his brother, i.e. in equal portions. |
| Lev 7:11 | וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַיהוָֽה׃ | And this is the procedure for the sacrifice of the peace-offering which he will offer to the Lord. | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 7:12 | אִ֣ם עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ֒ וְהִקְרִ֣יב ׀ עַל־זֶ֣בַח הַתּוֹדָ֗ה חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ | If he offers it as a thank-offering, he will offer with the thank-sacrifice unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers coated with oil, and fine flour well stirred for cakes mixed with oil. |
coated ← anointed.
well stirred: AV differs (fried). |
| Lev 7:13 | עַל־חַלֹּת֙ לֶ֣חֶם חָמֵ֔ץ יַקְרִ֖יב קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ עַל־זֶ֖בַח תּוֹדַ֥ת שְׁלָמָֽיו׃ | He will make his oblation with cakes of leavened bread with the sacrifice of his thankful peace-offering. | his thankful peace-offering ← (the) thank (offering) of his peace (offering). |
| Lev 7:14 | וְהִקְרִ֨יב מִמֶּ֤נּוּ אֶחָד֙ מִכָּל־קָרְבָּ֔ן תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה לַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַזֹּרֵ֛ק אֶת־דַּ֥ם הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And out of this he will offer one particular part of the whole oblation: a heave-offering to the Lord. It will be for the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace-offering. | |
| Lev 7:15 | וּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו בְּי֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ יֵאָכֵ֑ל לֹֽא־יַנִּ֥יחַ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | And the meat of his sacrifice of the thankful peace-offering will be eaten on the day of his oblation – he shall not save any of it until the morning. | save ← deposit. |
| Lev 7:16 | וְאִם־נֶ֣דֶר ׀ א֣וֹ נְדָבָ֗ה זֶ֚בַח קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ בְּי֛וֹם הַקְרִיב֥וֹ אֶת־זִבְח֖וֹ יֵאָכֵ֑ל וּמִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל׃ | And if the sacrifice of his oblation is a vow or freewill-offering, it shall be eaten on the day when he offers his sacrifice, and on the next day, when the remainder of it shall be eaten. | when: temporal use of the vav. |
| Lev 7:17 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ | And the remainder of the meat of the sacrifice will be burned by fire on the third day. | |
| Lev 7:18 | וְאִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜יו בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֮ לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ הַמַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗וֹ לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖וֹ פִּגּ֣וּל יִהְיֶ֑ה וְהַנֶּ֛פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֥לֶת מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עֲוֺנָ֥הּ תִּשָּֽׂא׃ | And if any of the meat of his sacrifice of a peace-offering is eaten at all on the third day, it will not be accepted. It will not be imputed to the one offering it – it will be an abomination, and any person eating any of it will bear his iniquity. |
is eaten at all: infinitive absolute.
person ... his ← soul ... its. |
| Lev 7:19 | וְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּכָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף וְהַ֨בָּשָׂ֔ר כָּל־טָה֖וֹר יֹאכַ֥ל בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And any meat that comes into contact with any unclean thing will not be eaten; it will be burned with fire. And as for meat in general, every clean person may eat meat. |
any ← every.
may eat: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| Lev 7:20 | וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֗ר מִזֶּ֤בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַיהוָ֔ה וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ | But as for anyone who eats any of the meat of the peace-sacrifice which is the Lord's, while in a state of uncleanness, that person will be cut off from his people. |
anyone ... that person ... his people ← the soul ... that soul ... its peoples.
while in a state of uncleanness ← and his uncleanness (is) upon him. |
| Lev 7:21 | וְנֶ֜פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִגַּ֣ע בְּכָל־טָמֵ֗א בְּטֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ א֣וֹ ׀ בִּבְהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֗ה א֚וֹ בְּכָל־שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א וְאָכַ֛ל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַיהוָ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ פ | And anyone who touches anything unclean, by the uncleanness of man, or unclean cattle, or any unclean abomination, and then eats any of the meat of the peace-sacrifice which is the Lord's, that person will be cut off from his people.’ ” |
anyone ... that person ... his people ← the soul ... that soul ... its peoples.
any ← every. anything ← everything. |
| Lev 7:22 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 7:23 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־חֵ֜לֶב שׁ֥וֹר וְכֶ֛שֶׂב וָעֵ֖ז לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘You shall not eat any fat of an ox or a lamb or a goat. | any ← all. |
| Lev 7:24 | וְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְכָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה וְאָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ | But the fat of a carcase and the fat of a savaged animal can be used for any purpose, but you certainly will not eat it. |
used ... purpose ← made ... work.
any ← every. certainly will not: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 7:25 | כִּ֚י כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל חֵ֔לֶב מִן־הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֥יב מִמֶּ֛נָּה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ | For anyone who eats fat from the animal which he offered as a fire-offering to the Lord – that person who so eats will be cut off from his people. |
anyone ← every soul.
animal ← cattle of it. that person ... his people ← the soul... its peoples. |
| Lev 7:26 | וְכָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֔וּ בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לָע֖וֹף וְלַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ | And you will not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, either of birds or of cattle. | any (2x) ← all. |
| Lev 7:27 | כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל כָּל־דָּ֑ם וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ פ | As for any person who eats any blood – that person will be cut off from his people.’ ” |
any person ← every soul.
any blood ← all blood. that person ← that soul. his people ← its peoples. |
| Lev 7:28 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 7:29 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָיו֙ לַיהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לַיהוָ֖ה מִזֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽיו׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘He who offers his peace-sacrifice to the Lord shall bring his oblation to the Lord from his peace-sacrifice animal stock. | |
| Lev 7:30 | יָדָ֣יו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה אֵ֖ת אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב עַל־הֶֽחָזֶה֙ יְבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֵ֣ת הֶחָזֶ֗ה לְהָנִ֥יף אֹת֛וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | His hands shall bring the Lord's fire-offerings; he will bring the fat on the breast with the breast in order to wave it as a wave-offering before the Lord. | |
| Lev 7:31 | וְהִקְטִ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְהָיָה֙ הֶֽחָזֶ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו׃ | And the priest will burn the fat on the altar, and the breast will be for Aaron and his sons. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the preposition. |
| Lev 7:32 | וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין תִּתְּנ֥וּ תְרוּמָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵ֑ן מִזִּבְחֵ֖י שַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will give the right leg to the priest as a heave-offering from your peace-sacrifices. | peace-sacrifices: or peace-sacrifice, but the you is plural here. |
| Lev 7:33 | הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־דַּ֧ם הַשְּׁלָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב מִבְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן ל֧וֹ תִהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִ֖ין לְמָנָֽה׃ | He of the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace-sacrifice and the fat will have the right leg as a portion. | |
| Lev 7:34 | כִּי֩ אֶת־חֲזֵ֨ה הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה לָקַ֙חְתִּי֙ מֵאֵ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִזִּבְחֵ֖י שַׁלְמֵיהֶ֑ם וָאֶתֵּ֣ן אֹ֠תָם לְאַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן וּלְבָנָיו֙ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For as regards the breast of the wave-offering and the leg of the heave-offering, from the peace-sacrifices, I have made an election from the sons of Israel and given these things to Aaron the priest and his sons, as an age-abiding statute with the sons of Israel. |
made an election ← taken, i.e. taken out.
these things ← them, i.e. the offerings. with ← from with. |
| Lev 7:35 | זֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וּמִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה בְּיוֹם֙ הִקְרִ֣יב אֹתָ֔ם לְכַהֵ֖ן לַיהוָֽה׃ | That is the anointing of Aaron and the anointing of his sons, by the Lord's fire-offerings on the day when he had them approach, to serve as priests to the Lord, | |
| Lev 7:36 | אֲשֶׁר֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ | which the Lord commanded, that they should be given an age-abiding statute for their generations, on the day when he anointed them, chosen from the sons of Israel. | they should be given ← to give them. |
| Lev 7:37 | זֹ֣את הַתּוֹרָ֗ה לָֽעֹלָה֙ לַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְלַֽחַטָּ֖את וְלָאָשָׁ֑ם וְלַ֨מִּלּוּאִ֔ים וּלְזֶ֖בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ | That is the procedure for the burnt offering, the meal-offering, and the sin-offering, and the guilt-offering, and the consecration, and the sacrifice of the peace-offering, | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 7:38 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֣ר סִינָ֑י בְּי֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜וֹ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קָרְבְּנֵיהֶ֛ם לַיהוָ֖ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ פ | which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai on the day when he commanded the sons of Israel to offer their oblations to the Lord in the Sinai Desert.’ ” | |
| Lev 8:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 8:2 | קַ֤ח אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו אִתּ֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֑ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֗את וְאֵת֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הָֽאֵילִ֔ים וְאֵ֖ת סַ֥ל הַמַּצּֽוֹת׃ | “Take Aaron and his sons with him, and the clothes, and the anointing oil, and a bull for the sin-offering, and two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread, | |
| Lev 8:3 | וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הָעֵדָ֖ה הַקְהֵ֑ל אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | and assemble the whole congregation at the entrance to the tent of contact.” | at ← to. |
| Lev 8:4 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ וַתִּקָּהֵל֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And Moses did as the Lord had commanded him, and the congregation was assembled at the entrance to the tent of contact. | at ← to. |
| Lev 8:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הָעֵדָ֑ה זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | Then Moses said to the congregation, “This is the thing which the Lord commanded us to do.” | |
| Lev 8:6 | וַיַּקְרֵ֣ב מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | And Moses brought Aaron and his sons forward and washed them with water. | forward ← near. |
| Lev 8:7 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן עָלָ֜יו אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֗נֶת וַיַּחְגֹּ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ בָּֽאַבְנֵ֔ט וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶֽת־הַמְּעִ֔יל וַיִּתֵּ֥ן עָלָ֖יו אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר אֹת֗וֹ בְּחֵ֙שֶׁב֙ הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד וַיֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖וֹ בּֽוֹ׃ | And he put the tunic on him, and he girded him with the girdle, and he clothed him with the robe, and he put the ephod on him, and he girded him with the embroidered belt of the ephod, and he bound it on to him. | bound it on to him ← bound to him with it ←“ephodded” to him with it. |
| Lev 8:8 | וַיָּ֥שֶׂם עָלָ֖יו אֶת־הַחֹ֑שֶׁן וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶל־הַחֹ֔שֶׁן אֶת־הָאוּרִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּֽים׃ | And he placed the breastplate on him, and he put the Urim and the Thummim on the breastplate. | the Urim and the Thummim: see Ex 28:30. |
| Lev 8:9 | וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיָּ֨שֶׂם עַֽל־הַמִּצְנֶ֜פֶת אֶל־מ֣וּל פָּנָ֗יו אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַזָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And he put the turban on his head, and on the turban facing forwards he put the shining plate of gold – the holy crown – as the Lord had commanded Moses. | holy crown: see Ex 29:6. |
| Lev 8:10 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וַיִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses took the anointing oil and anointed the tabernacle and everything that was in it, and he sanctified those things. | those things ← them. |
| Lev 8:11 | וַיַּ֥ז מִמֶּ֛נּוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וַיִּמְשַׁ֨ח אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֜חַ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֗יו וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֛ר וְאֶת־כַּנּ֖וֹ לְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ | And he sprinkled some of it on the altar, seven times, and he anointed the altar and all its equipment, and the laver, and its pedestal, so as to sanctify them. | |
| Lev 8:12 | וַיִּצֹק֙ מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ אַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃ | And he poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron's head, and he anointed him, so as to sanctify him. | |
| Lev 8:13 | וַיַּקְרֵ֨ב מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁ֤ם כֻּתֳּנֹת֙ וַיַּחְגֹּ֤ר אֹתָם֙ אַבְנֵ֔ט וַיַּחֲבֹ֥שׁ לָהֶ֖ם מִגְבָּע֑וֹת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses brought Aaron's sons forward and clothed them with tunics, and he girded them with girdles, and he bound high headgear on them, as the Lord had commanded Moses. |
forward ← near.
girdles ← a girdle, i.e. a girdle each. |
| Lev 8:14 | וַיַּגֵּ֕שׁ אֵ֖ת פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֑את וַיִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ פַּ֥ר הַֽחַטָּֽאת׃ | And he presented the bull of the sin-offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull of the sin-offering. | laid ← leant. |
| Lev 8:15 | וַיִּשְׁחָ֗ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־הַדָּם֙ וַ֠יִּתֵּן עַל־קַרְנ֨וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ סָבִיב֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ וַיְחַטֵּ֖א אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְאֶת־הַדָּ֗ם יָצַק֙ אֶל־יְס֣וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֖הוּ לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ | And he slaughtered it, and Moses took the blood and put it on the horns of the altar round about with his finger, and he expiated the altar, and he poured the blood onto the base of the altar, and he sanctified it to atone for it. |
expiated ← freed from sin, piel of the verb with the root letters of sin, חטא.
atone for: or atone on. |
| Lev 8:16 | וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַקֶּרֶב֒ וְאֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת וְאֶֽת־חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And he took all the fat which is on the innards, and the caul of the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses burnt it on the altar. | |
| Lev 8:17 | וְאֶת־הַפָּ֤ר וְאֶת־עֹרוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בְּשָׂר֣וֹ וְאֶת־פִּרְשׁ֔וֹ שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And he burnt the bull, and its hide, and its flesh, and its dung, with fire, outside the camp, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Lev 8:18 | וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת אֵ֣יל הָעֹלָ֑ה וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ | And he brought the ram of the burnt offering forward, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram. | forward ← near. |
| Lev 8:19 | וַיִּשְׁחָ֑ט וַיִּזְרֹ֨ק מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And Moses slaughtered it and sprinkled its blood on the altar round about. | |
| Lev 8:20 | וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל נִתַּ֖ח לִנְתָחָ֑יו וַיַּקְטֵ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־הַנְּתָחִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַפָּֽדֶר׃ | And he cut the ram up into pieces, and Moses burnt the head, and the pieces, and the fat, | pieces ← its pieces. |
| Lev 8:21 | וְאֶת־הַקֶּ֥רֶב וְאֶת־הַכְּרָעַ֖יִם רָחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וַיַּקְטֵר֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאַ֜יִל הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חָה עֹלָ֨ה ה֤וּא לְרֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ אִשֶּׁ֥ה הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | and he washed the innards and the legs with water, and Moses burnt the whole of the ram on the altar. It was a burnt offering as a sweet fragrance. It is a fire-offering to the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 8:22 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הָאַ֣יִל הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֵ֖יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ | And he brought the second ram forward, the ram of the consecration, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram. |
forward ← near.
laid ← leant. |
| Lev 8:23 | וַיִּשְׁחָ֓ט ׀ וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִדָּמ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ | And Moses slaughtered it and took some of its blood and put it on the lobe of Aaron's right ear and on his right thumb and on his right hand big toe. | |
| Lev 8:24 | וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַדָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אָזְנָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְלָ֖ם הַיְמָנִ֑ית וַיִּזְרֹ֨ק מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַֽמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he brought Aaron's sons forward, and Moses put some of the blood on the lobe of their right ears and on their right thumbs and on their right hand big toes, and Moses sprinkled the blood on the altar round about. |
forward ← near.
right ears ... thumbs ... big toes ← right ear ... thumb ... big toe. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Lev 8:25 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הַחֵ֣לֶב וְאֶת־הָֽאַלְיָ֗ה וְאֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַקֶּרֶב֒ וְאֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת וְאֶֽת־חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן וְאֵ֖ת שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין׃ | And he took the fat and the tail, and all the fat that is on the innards, and the caul of the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat and the right hand front leg. | |
| Lev 8:26 | וּמִסַּ֨ל הַמַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָ֠קַח חַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ וְֽחַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת וְרָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ עַל־הַ֣חֲלָבִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין׃ | And he took one unleavened cake and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, from the basket of unleavened bread which is before the Lord, and he put them on the items of fat and on the right hand front leg, | items of fat ← fats. |
| Lev 8:27 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־הַכֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְעַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and he put it all in Aaron's hands, and in his sons' hands, and he waved them as a wave-offering before the Lord. | in (2x) ← on. |
| Lev 8:28 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵעַ֣ל כַּפֵּיהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חָה עַל־הָעֹלָ֑ה מִלֻּאִ֥ים הֵם֙ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ | And Moses took them from their hands and burnt them on the altar with the burnt offering. They were a consecration as a sweet fragrance. It was a fire-offering to the Lord. |
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards.
with: or on. |
| Lev 8:29 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הֶ֣חָזֶ֔ה וַיְנִיפֵ֥הוּ תְנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מֵאֵ֣יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֗ים לְמֹשֶׁ֤ה הָיָה֙ לְמָנָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses took the breast, and he waved it as a wave-offering before the Lord. Moses' portion was from the ram of consecration, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Lev 8:30 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֗ה וּמִן־הַדָּם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ֒ וַיַּ֤ז עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְעַל־בָּנָ֛יו וְעַל־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּ֑וֹ וַיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְאֶת־בָּנָ֛יו וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood which was on the altar, and he sprinkled it on Aaron and on his garments, and on his sons and on his sons' garments with him, and he sanctified Aaron, his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him. | |
| Lev 8:31 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו בַּשְּׁל֣וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר֮ פֶּ֣תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֒ וְשָׁם֙ תֹּאכְל֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וְאֶ֨ת־הַלֶּ֔חֶם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּסַ֣ל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוֵּ֙יתִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ | And Moses said to Aaron and to his sons, “Boil the meat at the entrance to the tent of contact, and there you will eat it, and the bread which is in the consecration basket, as I commanded, when I said, ‘Aaron and his sons will eat it.’ | will eat: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| Lev 8:32 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר בַּבָּשָׂ֖ר וּבַלָּ֑חֶם בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ | And you will burn the remainder of the meat and bread with fire. | |
| Lev 8:33 | וּמִפֶּתַח֩ אֹ֨הֶל מוֹעֵ֜ד לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יֶדְכֶֽם׃ | And you will not go out of the entrance of the tent of contact for seven days, until the day of fulfilment of your consecration days, because for seven days he will consecrate you.” | consecrate you ← fill your hand. Compare Ex 32:29. |
| Lev 8:34 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לַעֲשֹׂ֖ת לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | The way he acted on this day was what the Lord had commanded to be done, so as to atone for you. |
the way ← as.
to be done ← to do. |
| Lev 8:35 | וּפֶתַח֩ אֹ֨הֶל מוֹעֵ֜ד תֵּשְׁב֨וּ יוֹמָ֤ם וָלַ֙יְלָה֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ | “And you will stay at the entrance to the tent of contact day and night for seven days, and you will keep the Lord's charge, so that you do not die, for so I have been commanded.” | |
| Lev 8:36 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּבָנָ֑יו אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And Aaron and his sons did all the things which the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Lev 9:1 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י קָרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו וּלְזִקְנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass on the eighth day that Moses called for Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel. | |
| Lev 9:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַח־לְ֠ךָ עֵ֣גֶל בֶּן־בָּקָ֧ר לְחַטָּ֛את וְאַ֥יִל לְעֹלָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וְהַקְרֵ֖ב לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he said to Aaron, “Get a calf, a young bull of the oxen as a sin-offering, and a ram as a burnt offering, both without blemish, and offer them before the Lord. |
get ← take for yourself.
without blemish ← perfect. Plural. |
| Lev 9:3 | וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים֙ לְחַטָּ֔את וְעֵ֨גֶל וָכֶ֧בֶשׂ בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה תְּמִימִ֖ם לְעֹלָֽה׃ | And speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘Take a buck from the goats as a sin-offering and a one-year-old calf and lamb, both without blemish, as a burnt offering, | without blemish ← perfect. Plural. |
| Lev 9:4 | וְשׁ֨וֹר וָאַ֜יִל לִשְׁלָמִ֗ים לִזְבֹּ֙חַ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָ֖ה בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן כִּ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֥ה אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | and an ox and a ram as a peace-offering to sacrifice before the Lord, and a meal-offering, mixed with oil. For today the Lord will appear to you.’ ” | a peace-offering ← peace-offerings, but elsewhere (e.g. Lev 7:11) often constructed with the singular sacrifice-of. |
| Lev 9:5 | וַיִּקְח֗וּ אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And they took what Moses commanded to the front of the tent of contact, and the whole congregation drew near and stood before the Lord. | |
| Lev 9:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה זֶ֧ה הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ וְיֵרָ֥א אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses said, “This is the thing that the Lord has commanded you to do. And the glory of the Lord will appear to you.” |
you to do ← you shall do.
and ... will appear: or, purposive, so that ... will appear. |
| Lev 9:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קְרַ֤ב אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־חַטָּֽאתְךָ֙ וְאֶת־עֹ֣לָתֶ֔ךָ וְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וּבְעַ֣ד הָעָ֑ם וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־קָרְבַּ֤ן הָעָם֙ וְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses said to Aaron, “Draw near to the altar and perform your sin-offering and your burnt offering, and atone for yourself and for the people, and perform the people's oblation and atone for them, as the Lord has commanded.” | |
| Lev 9:8 | וַיִּקְרַ֥ב אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּשְׁחַ֛ט אֶת־עֵ֥גֶל הַחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ | And Aaron drew near to the altar, and he slaughtered the calf of the sin-offering which was for himself. | |
| Lev 9:9 | וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־הַדָּם֮ אֵלָיו֒ וַיִּטְבֹּ֤ל אֶצְבָּעוֹ֙ בַּדָּ֔ם וַיִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְאֶת־הַדָּ֣ם יָצַ֔ק אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And Aaron's sons brought the blood to him, and he dipped his finger in the blood, and he put it on the horns of the altar, and he poured the blood onto the base of the altar. | |
| Lev 9:10 | וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב וְאֶת־הַכְּלָיֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֤רֶת מִן־הַכָּבֵד֙ מִן־הַ֣חַטָּ֔את הִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And he burned the fat and the kidneys and the caul from the liver from the sin-offering on the altar, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 9:11 | וְאֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר וְאֶת־הָע֑וֹר שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And he burned the flesh and the skin with fire outside the camp. | |
| Lev 9:12 | וַיִּשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֑ה וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he slaughtered the burnt offering, and Aaron's sons presented the blood to him, and he sprinkled it on the altar round about. | |
| Lev 9:13 | וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛יו לִנְתָחֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־הָרֹ֑אשׁ וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And they presented the burnt offering to him, in its pieces, and the head, and he burnt it on the altar. | |
| Lev 9:14 | וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֶת־הַקֶּ֖רֶב וְאֶת־הַכְּרָעָ֑יִם וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר עַל־הָעֹלָ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And he washed the innards and the legs, and he burned them with the burnt offering on the altar. |
with: or on.
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 9:15 | וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָעָ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׂעִ֤יר הַֽחַטָּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֥הוּ וַֽיְחַטְּאֵ֖הוּ כָּרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | And he offered the people's oblation, and he took the goat of the sin-offering which was for the people, and he slaughtered it and offered it as a sin-offering like the first one. | |
| Lev 9:16 | וַיַּקְרֵ֖ב אֶת־הָעֹלָ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֖הָ כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And he offered the burnt offering, and he performed it according to the prescribed way. | |
| Lev 9:17 | וַיַּקְרֵב֮ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה֒ וַיְמַלֵּ֤א כַפּוֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ מִלְּבַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And he offered the meal-offering, and he filled his hand with it, and he burnt it on the altar, besides the burnt offering of the morning. | filled his hand: the expression is also used of consecrating, as in Lev 21:10, so perhaps here consecrated himself. |
| Lev 9:18 | וַיִּשְׁחַ֤ט אֶת־הַשּׁוֹר֙ וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֑ם וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־הַדָּם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he slaughtered the ox and the ram, the peace-sacrifice, which was for the people. And Aaron's sons presented the blood to him, and he sprinkled it on the altar round about. | |
| Lev 9:19 | וְאֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֖ים מִן־הַשּׁ֑וֹר וּמִן־הָאַ֔יִל הָֽאַלְיָ֤ה וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙ וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְיֹתֶ֖רֶת הַכָּבֵֽד׃ | And they presented the fatty parts from the bull and from the ram, the tail and the covering of the innards and the kidneys and the caul of the liver. |
fatty parts ← fats.
covering of the innards: explicitly innards in Lev 7:3. |
| Lev 9:20 | וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֖ים עַל־הֶחָז֑וֹת וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַחֲלָבִ֖ים הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And he put the fatty parts on the breasts, and he burnt the fatty parts on the altar. |
fatty parts (2x) ← fats.
on ← to. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 9:21 | וְאֵ֣ת הֶחָז֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין הֵנִ֧יף אַהֲרֹ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Aaron waved the breasts and the right hand front leg as a wave-offering before the Lord, as Moses commanded. | |
| Lev 9:22 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־*ידו **יָדָ֛יו אֶל־הָעָ֖ם וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֑ם וַיֵּ֗רֶד מֵעֲשֹׂ֧ת הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְהָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ | And Aaron lifted up {K: his hand} [Q: his hands] to the people and blessed them, and he came down from performing the sin-offering and the burnt offering and the peace-offering. | the peace-offering ← the peace-offerings. See note on Lev 9:4. |
| Lev 9:23 | וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּ וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ | Then Moses and Aaron went to the tent of contact, then they came out and blessed the people. Then the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people. | |
| Lev 9:24 | וַתֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֑ים וַיַּ֤רְא כָּל־הָעָם֙ וַיָּרֹ֔נּוּ וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And fire went out from the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fatty parts on the altar, and all the people saw it, and they shouted, and they fell face down. |
from ← from before, or from the face of.
fatty parts ← fats. face down ← on their faces. |
| Lev 10:1 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ | Subsequently, Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu each took their censer, and they put fire in them, and they put incense on it, and they offered strange fire before the Lord, which he had not commanded them. | Nadab and Abihu: Aaron has two more sons, Eleazar and Ithamar; see Ex 28:1. |
| Lev 10:2 | וַתֵּ֥צֵא אֵ֛שׁ מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וַתֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑ם וַיָּמֻ֖תוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | At this fire went out from the Lord and consumed them, and they died before the Lord. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
from ← from before. |
| Lev 10:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ בִּקְרֹבַ֣י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְעַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד וַיִּדֹּ֖ם אַהֲרֹֽן׃ |
Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord spoke about when he said,
‘I will be sanctified among those who draw near to me, And I will be glorified in the presence of all the people.’ ” And Aaron was silent. |
|
| Lev 10:4 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶל־מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ וְאֶ֣ל אֶלְצָפָ֔ן בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל דֹּ֣ד אַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם קִ֠רְב֞וּ שְׂא֤וּ אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ מֵאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | Then Moses called for Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel, Aaron's uncle, and he said to them, “Come near and carry your brothers from the front of the holy place to outside the camp.” | brothers: standing for second nephews. |
| Lev 10:5 | וַֽיִּקְרְב֗וּ וַיִּשָּׂאֻם֙ בְּכֻתֳּנֹתָ֔ם אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | So they came near and carried them in their tunics to outside the camp as Moses had told them. | |
| Lev 10:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן וּלְאֶלְעָזָר֩ וּלְאִֽיתָמָ֨ר ׀ בָּנָ֜יו רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם אַל־תִּפְרָ֣עוּ ׀ וּבִגְדֵיכֶ֤ם לֹֽא־תִפְרֹ֙מוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֔תוּ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הָעֵדָ֖ה יִקְצֹ֑ף וַאֲחֵיכֶם֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִבְכּוּ֙ אֶת־הַשְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Moses said to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar his sons, “Do not shave your heads, and do not rip the seam of your clothes, so that you do not die, and he becomes angry with the whole congregation. And as for your brothers, let the whole house of Israel bewail the conflagration with which the Lord burned them. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
shave ← make bare. rip the seam of: not the usual word for ripping קרע, and probably implying at the seam. |
| Lev 10:7 | וּמִפֶּתַח֩ אֹ֨הֶל מוֹעֵ֜ד לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ פֶּן־תָּמֻ֔תוּ כִּי־שֶׁ֛מֶן מִשְׁחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ כִּדְבַ֥ר מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And you will not go out of the entrance to the tent of contact, so that you do not die, for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon you.” And they acted according to Moses' word. | |
| Lev 10:8 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Aaron and said, | |
| Lev 10:9 | יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֞ר אַל־תֵּ֣שְׁתְּ ׀ אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִתָּ֗ךְ בְּבֹאֲכֶ֛ם אֶל־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֑תוּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | “Do not drink wine or strong drink, either you or your sons with you, when you come to the tent of contact, so that you do not die. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations, | |
| Lev 10:10 | וּֽלֲהַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֑ל וּבֵ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֥ין הַטָּהֽוֹר׃ | and to make a distinction between what is holy and what is profane, and between what is unclean and what is clean, | |
| Lev 10:11 | וּלְהוֹרֹ֖ת אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַ֣חֻקִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | and to teach the sons of Israel all the statutes which the Lord has spoken to them through the intermediacy of Moses.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Lev 10:12 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וְאֶ֣ל אֶ֠לְעָזָר וְאֶל־אִ֨יתָמָ֥ר ׀ בָּנָיו֮ הַנּֽוֹתָרִים֒ קְח֣וּ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה הַנּוֹתֶ֙רֶת֙ מֵאִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְאִכְל֥וּהָ מַצּ֖וֹת אֵ֣צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃ | And Moses said to Aaron, and to Eleazar and to Ithamar his remaining sons, “Take the meal-offering which remains from the fire-offerings of the Lord and eat it, unleavened, beside the altar, for it is a holy of holies. |
said ← spoke.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Lev 10:13 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתָהּ֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ כִּ֣י חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ הִ֔וא מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ | And you will eat it in a holy place, for it is a statute for you and a statute for your sons – one of the fire-offerings of the Lord – for so I have been commanded. | |
| Lev 10:14 | וְאֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם טָה֔וֹר אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ מִזִּבְחֵ֥י שַׁלְמֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will eat the breast of the wave-offering and the front leg of the heave-offering in a clean place, you and your sons and your daughters with you, for they have been given as a statute for you and as a statute for your sons, among the sacrifices of peace-offerings of the sons of Israel. | among ← from. |
| Lev 10:15 | שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֞ה וַחֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה עַ֣ל אִשֵּׁ֤י הַחֲלָבִים֙ יָבִ֔יאוּ לְהָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֨ה לְךָ֜ וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ אִתְּךָ֙ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה׃ | They will bring the front leg of the heave-offering and the breast of the wave-offering, with the fire-offerings of fatty parts, to wave as a wave-offering before the Lord, and it will be an age-abiding statute for you and for your sons, as the Lord has commanded.” |
fatty parts ← fats.
it will be an age-abiding statute for you: AV differs (it shall be ... by a statute for ever). |
| Lev 10:16 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את דָּרֹ֥שׁ דָּרַ֛שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֹׂרָ֑ף וַ֠יִּקְצֹף עַל־אֶלְעָזָ֤ר וְעַל־אִֽיתָמָר֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Moses carefully sought the goat for the sin-offering, but he found out that it had already been burned, and he became angry with Eleazar and with Ithamar, Aaron's remaining sons, and he said, |
carefully sought: infinitive absolute.
he found out that ← behold. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Lev 10:17 | מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְאֹתָ֣הּ ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | “Why did you not eat the sin-offering in the holy place? For it is a holy of holies. And he gave it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to atone for them before the Lord. | |
| Lev 10:18 | הֵ֚ן לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה אָכ֨וֹל תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛הּ בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוֵּֽיתִי׃ | Look, its blood has not been brought to within the holy place; you must definitely eat it in the holy place as I commanded.” | you must definitely eat: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 10:19 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הֵ֣ן הַ֠יּוֹם הִקְרִ֨יבוּ אֶת־חַטָּאתָ֤ם וְאֶת־עֹֽלָתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖י כָּאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַיּ֔וֹם הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Aaron said to Moses, “Look, they offered their sin-offering and their burnt offering before the Lord today, and things like this have befallen me. If I had eaten the sin-offering today, would it have been acceptable in the Lord's eyes?” | if ← and. Conditional use of the vav. |
| Lev 10:20 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ פ | And Moses heard it, and it was accepted in his sight. | |
| Lev 11:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֥ר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said to them, | |
| Lev 11:2 | דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכְל֔וּ מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘These are the animals which you may eat of all the fauna which is on the earth. | these are the animals ← this (is) the animal-life. |
| Lev 11:3 | כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | Everything among fauna that divides the hoof and is cloven-footed and chews the cud, you may eat. |
is cloven-footed ← cleaves a cleft of the hooves.
you may eat ← you may eat it. |
| Lev 11:4 | אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ | But these are what you shall not eat of the cud-chewers, or of those that divide the hoof: the camel, for it chews the cud, but it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you. |
these are ← this (is).
or: disjunctive use of the vav. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Lev 11:5 | וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ | And the rock hyrax, for it is a chewer of the cud, but it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you. |
rock hyrax: or rabbit.
chewer of the cud: the process may also refer to refection. |
| Lev 11:6 | וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִ֖וא לָכֶֽם׃ | And the hare, for it is a chewer of the cud, but it does not divide the hoof; it is unclean to you. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Lev 11:7 | וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ | And the pig, for it divides the hoof and is cloven-footed, but it does not chew the cud; it is unclean to you. | |
| Lev 11:8 | מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ | You shall not eat of their flesh, and you shall not touch their carcases; they are unclean to you. | |
| Lev 11:9 | אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | This is what you may eat of everything that is in the water: everything that has fins and scales in the water – in the seas and in the rivers. You may eat them. |
fins and scales ← a fin and a scale. Collective usage.
rivers ← brooks. |
| Lev 11:10 | וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ | But as for everything that does not have fins and scales in the seas and in the rivers, both everything that teems in the water, and every living being that is in the water, they are an abomination to you. |
fins and scales: see Lev 11:9.
rivers ← brooks. both ... and ← from ... from. being ← soul. |
| Lev 11:11 | וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ׃ | And they will be an abomination to you; you shall not eat any of their flesh, and you will abhor their carcases. | |
| Lev 11:12 | כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ | Everything that does not have fins and scales in the water is an abomination to you. | fins and scales ← a fin and a scale. Collective usage. |
| Lev 11:13 | וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ | And you will abhor the following from the bird kingdom; they must not be eaten – they are an abomination: the eagle, the ossifrage and the osprey, |
the following ← these.
ossifrage: AV= ossifrage, [AnLx]= osprey, [BDB] + NH= bearded vulture (=ossifrage), LXX= ὁ γρύψ= griffin. osprey: AV= ospray, [AnLx]= osprey, [BDB]= (some) vulture, NH= black vulture, LXX= ὁ ἁλιαετός= sea-eagle. |
| Lev 11:14 | וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ׃ | and the vulture, and the kite, after its kind, |
vulture: AV= vulture, [AnLx]= kite, glede, [BDB]= kite, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ γύψ= vulture.
kite: AV= kite, [AnLx]= some bird of prey, [BDB]= hawk, falcon, NH= n/a, LXX (in Deut 14:13)= ὁ ἰκτῖνος= kite. |
| Lev 11:15 | אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ׃ | and every raven after its kind, | |
| Lev 11:16 | וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ | and the ostrich, and the nightjar, and the sea-gull, and the hawk after its kind, | nightjar: AV= night-hawk, [AnLx]= some unclean bird, [BDB]= male ostrich, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ λάρος= cormorant, Vulgate= noctua= night hawk. |
| Lev 11:17 | וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף׃ | and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, |
little owl: AV= little owl, [AnLx]= pelican, [BDB]= a kind of owl, NH= owl, LXX= ὁ νυκτκόραξ = night raven.
cormorant: AV= cormorant, [AnLx]= gannet, [BDB]= cormorant, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ καταράκτης= cormorant. great owl: AV= great owl, [AnLx]= an unclean bird, [BDB]= a bird, NH= owl, LXX= ἡ ῖβις= ibis, stork. |
| Lev 11:18 | וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם׃ | and the common owl, and the pelican, and the black vulture, |
common owl: AV= swan, [AnLx]= swan, or seagull, [BDB]= unclean bird, NH= owl, LXX= ὁ πορφυρίων= red-bill. So AV differs.
black vulture: i.e. cinereous vulture. AV= gier eagle, [AnLx]= aquiline vulture, [BDB]= carrion vulture, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ κύκνος= swan. So AV differs somewhat. |
| Lev 11:19 | וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃ | and the stork and the heron after its kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat. | |
| Lev 11:20 | כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ ס | Every teeming flying creature which goes on four feet is an abomination to you. | teeming flying creature: presumably covering most insects (although they have six legs, on four being a fixed idiom for horizontal movers). AV differs somewhat (fowls that creep). |
| Lev 11:21 | אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֤וֹ כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But this is what you may eat: every teeming flying creature which goes on four feet, which {Q: has} [K: does not have] legs above its feet by which to leap over the ground. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8.
eat ← eat of. ground ← land. |
| Lev 11:22 | אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אֶת־הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסָּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ | The following of them you may eat: the locust after its kind, and the migratory locust after its kind, and the short-horned grasshopper after its kind and the long-horned grasshopper after its kind. |
the following ← these.
locust: AV= locust, [AnLx]= a species of locust, [BDB]= locust, NH= locust, LXX= ὁ βροῦχος= caterpillar. migratory locust: AV= bald locust, [AnLx]= a species of locust, [BDB]= locust, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ ἀττάκης= attacus (a moth). So AV differs somewhat. ↴ |
| Lev 11:23 | וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ | And every other teeming flying creature which has four legs is an abomination to you, |
↳ short-horned grasshopper: AV= beetle, [AnLx]= locust, [BDB]= a kind of locust, NH= grasshopper, LXX= ὁ ὁφιομάχης= beetle. So AV differs somewhat.
long-horned grasshopper: AV= grasshopper, [AnLx]= locust, [BDB]= locust, grasshopper, NH= grasshopper, LXX= ἡ ἀκρίς= grasshopper. |
| Lev 11:24 | וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | and you would make yourself unclean with those; anyone who touches their carcase becomes unclean until the evening. | anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 11:25 | וְכָל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who carries any carcase of theirs will wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until the evening. | anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 11:26 | לְֽכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע ׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃ | This applies to all cattle dividing the hoof yet not cloven-footed, or not chewing the cud. They are unclean to you; anyone touching them is unclean. |
yet: adversative use of the vav. Perhaps there is a subtle distinction between dividing the hoof and being cloven-footed, not made elsewhere.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 11:27 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And every animal that walks on its paws of all animals walking on four feet will be unclean to you. Anyone who touches their carcase will be unclean until the evening. |
paws ← palms.
anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 11:28 | וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה לָכֶֽם׃ ס | And whoever holds their carcases will wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you. | holds ← bears or lifts. |
| Lev 11:29 | וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הַחֹ֥לֶד וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ | And these are the unclean to you among creeping creatures which creep on the ground: the mole, the mouse, the tortoise after its kind. |
ground ← land.
mole: AV= weasel, [AnLx]= mole, [BDB]= weasel, NH= mole, LXX= ἡ γαλή= weasel. So AV differs. |
| Lev 11:30 | וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ | The lesser lizard, the chameleon, the greater lizard, and the mole rat, the shrew. |
lesser lizard: AV= ferret, [AnLx]= lizard, [BDB]= ferret, shrew-mouse, NH= n/a, LXX= ὁ χερσαῖος= ferret. So AV differs.
chameleon: AV= chameleon, [AnLx] + [BDB]= lizard, NH= n/a, LXX= χαμαιλέων= chameleon. greater lizard: AV + [AnLx] + [BDB] + NH= lizard, LXX= ὁ χαλαβώτης= evet (=newt). ↴ |
| Lev 11:31 | אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | They are unclean to you among every creeping animal. Anyone who touches them when they are dead will be unclean until the evening. |
↳ mole rat: AV= snail, [AnLx] + [BDB] + NH= lizard, LXX= ἡ σαῦρα= newt. So AV differs.
shrew: AV= mole, [AnLx]= lizard, [BDB]= lizard, chameleon, NH= owl, LXX= ὁ ἀσπάλαξ= mole. The same word occurs in Lev 11:18, where it flies, the owl. So AV differs. anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 11:32 | וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם ׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And as for anything on which any of them fall when they are dead, it will become unclean, whether it is any wooden utensil or item of clothing or skin or sackcloth or any item that is used for work. It will be brought to water, and it will be unclean until evening, then it will be clean. |
anything ← everything.
whether it is any ← from every. any ← every. is used for work ← work is done by them. |
| Lev 11:33 | וְכָל־כְּלִי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֥ל מֵהֶ֖ם אֶל־תּוֹכ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹכ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃ | And any earthenware vessel into which any of them fall – everything that has them inside it – will be unclean, and you will break it. | any ← every. |
| Lev 11:34 | מִכָּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָב֥וֹא עָלָ֛יו מַ֖יִם יִטְמָ֑א וְכָל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י יִטְמָֽא׃ | Any food which is eaten on which water comes will be unclean, and any drink which is drunk from any such vessel will be unclean. |
any ... any ... any ← from every ... every ... every.
water comes: i.e. water from an unclean vessel, presumably. The verb is discordant in number. |
| Lev 11:35 | וְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֨ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם ׀ עָלָיו֮ יִטְמָא֒ תַּנּ֧וּר וְכִירַ֛יִם יֻתָּ֖ץ טְמֵאִ֣ים הֵ֑ם וּטְמֵאִ֖ים יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | And anything on which any of their carcases fall will become unclean. Whether an oven or a stove, it must be broken up. They are unclean, and they will be unclean to you. |
anything ← everything.
carcases fall ← carcase falls. |
| Lev 11:36 | אַ֣ךְ מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר מִקְוֵה־מַ֖יִם יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר וְנֹגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃ | But a fount and a cistern – a storage area for water – is clean. But anyone who touches their carcase will be unclean. | |
| Lev 11:37 | וְכִ֤י יִפֹּל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם עַל־כָּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא׃ | And if any of their carcases fall on any seed for sowing, which will be sown, it is clean. |
carcases fall ← carcase falls.
any (second occurrence in verse) ← every. |
| Lev 11:38 | וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־זֶ֔רַע וְנָפַ֥ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ ס | But if any water is put on the seed, and any of their carcases have fallen on it, it is unclean to you. | carcases ← carcase. |
| Lev 11:39 | וְכִ֤י יָמוּת֙ מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָ֑ה הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And if any of the cattle which are food for you dies, anyone who touches its carcase will be unclean until the evening. | |
| Lev 11:40 | וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And whoever eats from its carcase will wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until the evening, and whoever carries its carcase will wash his clothes and will be unclean until the evening. | |
| Lev 11:41 | וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃ | And every creeping thing that creeps over the earth is an abomination. It is not to be eaten. | |
| Lev 11:42 | כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע עַ֚ד כָּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם לְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּם כִּי־שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵֽם׃ | As for everything that goes on its belly, and everything that goes on four legs, and everything that has many legs – every creeping thing that creeps on the earth – you shall not eat them, for they are an abomination. | and ← up to. |
| Lev 11:43 | אַל־תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃ | Do not make yourselves abominable by any creeping thing that creeps, and do not make yourselves unclean by them and so become unclean by them. |
yourselves ← your souls.
any ← every. |
| Lev 11:44 | כִּ֣י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָ֑נִי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For I am the Lord your God, and you will sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy, for I am holy, and you will not make yourselves unclean with any creeping thing that crawls on the earth. |
1 Pet 1:16.
make yourselves unclean ← pollute your souls. any ← every. |
| Lev 11:45 | כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה הַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָֽנִי׃ | For I am the Lord who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be God to you, and you shall be holy, for I am holy. |
1 Pet 1:16.
brought ← brings. |
| Lev 11:46 | זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֤ת הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וְהָע֔וֹף וְכֹל֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם וּלְכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | This is the law of cattle and birds and every living thing which moves in the water and of every creature that creeps on the earth, |
living thing ← soul.
creature ← soul. |
| Lev 11:47 | לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר וּבֵ֤ין הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת וּבֵין֙ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל׃ פ | so as to make a distinction between unclean and clean, and between the animal that may be eaten and the animal that shall not be eaten.’ ” | |
| Lev 12:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 12:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְטָֽמְאָה֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ תִּטְמָֽא׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘If a woman conceives and gives birth to a male, she will be unclean for seven days. She will be unclean as for the days of the sickness of her menstrual impurity. | the sickness of her menstrual impurity ← the menstrual impurity of her sickness. |
| Lev 12:3 | וּבַיּ֖וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֑י יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ׃ | And on the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. | |
| Lev 12:4 | וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה בְּכָל־קֹ֣דֶשׁ לֹֽא־תִגָּ֗ע וְאֶל־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔א עַד־מְלֹ֖את יְמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽהּ׃ | Then she shall remain for thirty-three days in the blood of her purification. She shall not touch any holy thing, and she shall not go to the sanctuary until the completion of the days of her purification. | any ← every. |
| Lev 12:5 | וְאִם־נְקֵבָ֣ה תֵלֵ֔ד וְטָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב עַל־דְּמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽה׃ | And if she gives birth to a female, she will be unclean for two weeks, as in her menstrual impurity, and she will remain for sixty-six days in the blood of her purification. | |
| Lev 12:6 | וּבִמְלֹ֣את ׀ יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ לְבֵן֮ א֣וֹ לְבַת֒ תָּבִ֞יא כֶּ֤בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָתוֹ֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה וּבֶן־יוֹנָ֥ה אוֹ־תֹ֖ר לְחַטָּ֑את אֶל־פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And when the days of her purification have been completed, for a son or for a daughter, she will bring to the priest a one-year-old lamb as a burnt offering, and a young pigeon or a turtle-dove, as a sin-offering, at the entrance to the tent of contact. | Luke 2:24. |
| Lev 12:7 | וְהִקְרִיב֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וְטָהֲרָ֖ה מִמְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑יהָ זֹ֤את תּוֹרַת֙ הַיֹּלֶ֔דֶת לַזָּכָ֖ר א֥וֹ לַנְּקֵבָֽה׃ | And he will offer it in the presence of the Lord, and he will atone for her, and she shall be clean of the issue of her blood. This is the law of her who gives birth to a male or a female. | |
| Lev 12:8 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א תִמְצָ֣א יָדָהּ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ וְלָקְחָ֣ה שְׁתֵּֽי־תֹרִ֗ים א֤וֹ שְׁנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֔ה אֶחָ֥ד לְעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶחָ֣ד לְחַטָּ֑את וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֛יהָ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְטָהֵֽרָה׃ פ | And if she cannot afford a lamb, she will take two turtle-doves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and one for a sin-offering, and the priest will atone for her, and she will be clean.’ ” | she cannot afford ← her hand does not find sufficiency of. |
| Lev 13:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Lev 13:2 | אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֤ה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ שְׂאֵ֤ת אֽוֹ־סַפַּ֙חַת֙ א֣וֹ בַהֶ֔רֶת וְהָיָ֥ה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ לְנֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת וְהוּבָא֙ אֶל־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן א֛וֹ אֶל־אַחַ֥ד מִבָּנָ֖יו הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | “A man who has in the skin of his flesh a swelling or scurf or a bright spot, or who has in the skin of his flesh an affliction of leprosy, will be brought to Aaron the priest, or to one of his sons, the priests. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Lev 13:3 | וְרָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֣ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֣גַע בְּעֽוֹר־הַ֠בָּשָׂר וְשֵׂעָ֨ר בַּנֶּ֜גַע הָפַ֣ךְ ׀ לָבָ֗ן וּמַרְאֵ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ עָמֹק֙ מֵע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת ה֑וּא וְרָאָ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְטִמֵּ֥א אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And the priest will examine the affliction in the skin of his flesh, and if the hair of the afflicted area has turned white, and the profile of the afflicted area is deeper than the skin of his flesh, then it is an affliction of leprosy, and the priest will look at him and pronounce him unclean. | profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:4 | וְאִם־בַּהֶרֶת֩ לְבָנָ֨ה הִ֜וא בְּע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֗וֹ וְעָמֹק֙ אֵין־מַרְאֶ֣הָ מִן־הָע֔וֹר וּשְׂעָרָ֖ה לֹא־הָפַ֣ךְ לָבָ֑ן וְהִסְגִּ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And if it is a white bright spot in the skin of his flesh, and the profile of it is not deeper than the skin, and its hair has not turned white, then the priest will close the afflicted area up for seven days. |
profile ← appearance.
will close the afflicted area up: meaning seal up with a bandage? AV differs, translating shut up him that hath the plague, and similarly in the rest of the chapter. The “affliction” is also the direct ↴ |
| Lev 13:5 | וְרָאָ֣הוּ הַכֹּהֵן֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֒ וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ עָמַ֣ד בְּעֵינָ֔יו לֹֽא־פָשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בָּע֑וֹר וְהִסְגִּיר֧וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ | Then on the seventh day the priest will examine him, and if the affliction is stable in his view, and the affliction has not spread in the skin, then the priest will close it up for a second period of seven days. |
↳ object of shut up in Lev 13:31; elsewhere the object is a pronoun, admitting him or it.
if ← behold, i.e. if one beholds. |
| Lev 13:6 | וְרָאָה֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן אֹת֜וֹ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֮ שֵׁנִית֒ וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע וְלֹא־פָשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בָּע֑וֹר וְטִהֲר֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ מִסְפַּ֣חַת הִ֔יא וְכִבֶּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָהֵֽר׃ | Then the priest will examine him on the seventh day a second time, and if the affliction is dull and the affliction has not spread in the skin, then the priest will pronounce him clean. It is just scurf, and he will wash his clothes and be clean. |
him: or it.
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:7 | וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֨ה תִפְשֶׂ֤ה הַמִּסְפַּ֙חַת֙ בָּע֔וֹר אַחֲרֵ֧י הֵרָאֹת֛וֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לְטָהֳרָת֑וֹ וְנִרְאָ֥ה שֵׁנִ֖ית אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | But if the scurvy area has a definite spread in the skin after it has been examined by the priest as to whether it is clean, then he will be examined again by the priest. |
has a definite spread: infinitive absolute.
as to whether it is clean ← for its cleansing. again ← (a) second (time). |
| Lev 13:8 | וְרָאָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשְׂתָ֥ה הַמִּסְפַּ֖חַת בָּע֑וֹר וְטִמְּא֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן צָרַ֥עַת הִֽוא׃ פ | And the priest will make an examination, and if the scurvy area has spread on the skin, then the priest will pronounce him unclean; it is leprosy. | if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:9 | נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת כִּ֥י תִהְיֶ֖ה בְּאָדָ֑ם וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | If there is an affliction of leprosy with a man, he shall be brought to the priest. | |
| Lev 13:10 | וְרָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה שְׂאֵת־לְבָנָה֙ בָּע֔וֹר וְהִ֕יא הָפְכָ֖ה שֵׂעָ֣ר לָבָ֑ן וּמִֽחְיַ֛ת בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י בַּשְׂאֵֽת׃ | And the priest will look, and if there is a white swelling in the skin, and it has turned the hair white, and there is an indication of raw flesh in the swelling, | if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:11 | צָרַ֨עַת נוֹשֶׁ֤נֶת הִוא֙ בְּע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ וְטִמְּא֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן לֹ֣א יַסְגִּרֶ֔נּוּ כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא׃ | then it is dormant leprosy in the skin of his flesh, and the priest will pronounce him unclean. He will not close it up, for he is unclean. | |
| Lev 13:12 | וְאִם־פָּר֨וֹחַ תִּפְרַ֤ח הַצָּרַ֙עַת֙ בָּע֔וֹר וְכִסְּתָ֣ה הַצָּרַ֗עַת אֵ֚ת כָּל־ע֣וֹר הַנֶּ֔גַע מֵרֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְעַד־רַגְלָ֑יו לְכָל־מַרְאֵ֖ה עֵינֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And if the leprosy spreads extensively in the skin, and the leprosy covers all the skin with an affliction, from his head to his feet, at every visual examination by the priest, |
if: the usual word for if (not the word for behold).
spreads extensively: infinitive absolute. skin with an affliction ← skin of affliction. Wider use of the construct state. AV differs (skin of him that hath the plague). |
| Lev 13:13 | וְרָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֨ה כִסְּתָ֤ה הַצָּרַ֙עַת֙ אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֔וֹ וְטִהַ֖ר אֶת־הַנָּ֑גַע כֻּלּ֛וֹ הָפַ֥ךְ לָבָ֖ן טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא׃ | then the priest will look, and if the leprosy covers all his flesh, then he will pronounce the affliction clean. It has all turned white and he is clean. | if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:14 | וּבְי֨וֹם הֵרָא֥וֹת בּ֛וֹ בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י יִטְמָֽא׃ | But on the day when raw flesh is seen on him, he will be unclean. | |
| Lev 13:15 | וְרָאָ֧ה הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֖י וְטִמְּא֑וֹ הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֛י טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא צָרַ֥עַת הֽוּא׃ | And the priest will examine the raw flesh and pronounce him unclean. The raw flesh is unclean. It is leprosy. | |
| Lev 13:16 | א֣וֹ כִ֥י יָשׁ֛וּב הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֖י וְנֶהְפַּ֣ךְ לְלָבָ֑ן וּבָ֖א אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | Or if the raw flesh changes back and turns white, then he will go to the priest. |
if: neither the word in Lev 13:3 nor the word in Lev 13:12 for if.
changes back ← returns. |
| Lev 13:17 | וְרָאָ֙הוּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ הַנֶּ֖גַע לְלָבָ֑ן וְטִהַ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא׃ פ | And the priest will examine him, and if the affliction turns white, then the priest will pronounce the afflicted area clean; he is clean. | if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:18 | וּבָשָׂ֕ר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בֽוֹ־בְעֹר֖וֹ שְׁחִ֑ין וְנִרְפָּֽא׃ | And if there is any ulcer in the skin of any flesh, and it heals, | in the skin of any flesh ← flesh in it in its skin. |
| Lev 13:19 | וְהָיָ֞ה בִּמְק֤וֹם הַשְּׁחִין֙ שְׂאֵ֣ת לְבָנָ֔ה א֥וֹ בַהֶ֖רֶת לְבָנָ֣ה אֲדַמְדָּ֑מֶת וְנִרְאָ֖ה אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | and in the place of the ulcer there is a white swelling or a bright spot, reddish white, then it will be examined by the priest. | |
| Lev 13:20 | וְרָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה מַרְאֶ֙הָ֙ שָׁפָ֣ל מִן־הָע֔וֹר וּשְׂעָרָ֖הּ הָפַ֣ךְ לָבָ֑ן וְטִמְּא֧וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן נֶֽגַע־צָרַ֥עַת הִ֖וא בַּשְּׁחִ֥ין פָּרָֽחָה׃ | And the priest will examine it, and if its profile is lower than the skin and its hair has turned white, then the priest will pronounce him unclean. It is the affliction of leprosy which has flared up at the ulcer. |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:21 | וְאִ֣ם ׀ יִרְאֶ֣נָּה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין־בָּהּ֙ שֵׂעָ֣ר לָבָ֔ן וּשְׁפָלָ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נָּה מִן־הָע֖וֹר וְהִ֣יא כֵהָ֑ה וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And if the priest examines it, and if there is no white hair on it, and it is not lower than the skin, and it is dull, then the priest will close it up for seven days. | if there is ← behold. |
| Lev 13:22 | וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֥ה תִפְשֶׂ֖ה בָּע֑וֹר וְטִמֵּ֧א הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֹת֖וֹ נֶ֥גַע הִֽוא׃ | And if it spreads extensively in the skin, then the priest will pronounce him unclean; it is an affliction. | spreads extensively: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 13:23 | וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַבַּהֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א פָשָׂ֔תָה צָרֶ֥בֶת הַשְּׁחִ֖ין הִ֑וא וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס | But if the bright spot remains in its place and does not spread, then it is an inflammation of the ulcer, and the priest will pronounce him clean. |
if: the usual word for if (unlike Lev 13:5 and many other verses in Leviticus).
in its place ← under itself. |
| Lev 13:24 | א֣וֹ בָשָׂ֔ר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְעֹר֖וֹ מִכְוַת־אֵ֑שׁ וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה מִֽחְיַ֣ת הַמִּכְוָ֗ה בַּהֶ֛רֶת לְבָנָ֥ה אֲדַמְדֶּ֖מֶת א֥וֹ לְבָנָֽה׃ | Or if there is a fiery burn in the skin of his flesh, and there is an indication of the burn – a bright spot that is reddish white or just white – |
fiery burn ← burn of fire, a Hebraic genitive.
the skin of his flesh ← flesh ... in his / its skin. |
| Lev 13:25 | וְרָאָ֣ה אֹתָ֣הּ הַכֹּהֵ֡ן וְהִנֵּ֣ה נֶהְפַּךְ֩ שֵׂעָ֨ר לָבָ֜ן בַּבַּהֶ֗רֶת וּמַרְאֶ֙הָ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר צָרַ֣עַת הִ֔וא בַּמִּכְוָ֖ה פָּרָ֑חָה וְטִמֵּ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת הִֽוא׃ | then the priest will examine it, and if the hair has turned white at the bright spot, and its profile is deeper than the skin, then it is leprosy; it has flared up at the burn. And the priest will pronounce him unclean. It is an affliction of leprosy. |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:26 | וְאִ֣ם ׀ יִרְאֶ֣נָּה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין־בַּבֶּהֶ֙רֶת֙ שֵׂעָ֣ר לָבָ֔ן וּשְׁפָלָ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נָּה מִן־הָע֖וֹר וְהִ֣וא כֵהָ֑ה וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | But if the priest examines it and if there is no white hair at the bright spot, and it is not lower than the skin, and it is dull, then the priest will close it up for seven days. | if there is ← behold. |
| Lev 13:27 | וְרָאָ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י אִם־פָּשֹׂ֤ה תִפְשֶׂה֙ בָּע֔וֹר וְטִמֵּ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹת֔וֹ נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת הִֽוא׃ | Then the priest will examine it on the seventh day. If it has spread at all in the skin then the priest will pronounce him unclean; it is an affliction of leprosy. | it has spread at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 13:28 | וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ֩ תַעֲמֹ֨ד הַבַּהֶ֜רֶת לֹא־פָשְׂתָ֤ה בָעוֹר֙ וְהִ֣וא כֵהָ֔ה שְׂאֵ֥ת הַמִּכְוָ֖ה הִ֑וא וְטִֽהֲרוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן כִּֽי־צָרֶ֥בֶת הַמִּכְוָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ פ | But if the bright spot remains in place, and it does not spread on the skin, and it is dull, it is a swelling of the burn, and the priest will pronounce him clean, for it is an inflammation of the burn. | |
| Lev 13:29 | וְאִישׁ֙ א֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נָ֑גַע בְּרֹ֖אשׁ א֥וֹ בְזָקָֽן׃ | Now if a man or woman has an affliction on the head or the chin, | |
| Lev 13:30 | וְרָאָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע וְהִנֵּ֤ה מַרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר וּב֛וֹ שֵׂעָ֥ר צָהֹ֖ב דָּ֑ק וְטִמֵּ֨א אֹת֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ נֶ֣תֶק ה֔וּא צָרַ֧עַת הָרֹ֛אשׁ א֥וֹ הַזָּקָ֖ן הֽוּא׃ | then the priest will examine the afflicted area, and if its profile is deeper than the skin, and there is thin yellow hair in it, then the priest will pronounce him unclean; it is scall, a leprosy of the head or chin. |
will examine: in a Hebrew “VSO” (verb-subject-object) sentence.
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. profile ← appearance. will pronounce: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 13:31 | וְכִֽי־יִרְאֶ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־נֶ֣גַע הַנֶּ֗תֶק וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵין־מַרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר וְשֵׂעָ֥ר שָׁחֹ֖ר אֵ֣ין בּ֑וֹ וְהִסְגִּ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־נֶ֥גַע הַנֶּ֖תֶק שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | But if the priest looks at the affliction of the scall, and if its profile is not deeper than the skin, and there is no black hair in it, then the priest will close up the affliction of the scall for seven days. |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:32 | וְרָאָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֣ן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֒ וְהִנֵּה֙ לֹא־פָשָׂ֣ה הַנֶּ֔תֶק וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ב֖וֹ שֵׂעָ֣ר צָהֹ֑ב וּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַנֶּ֔תֶק אֵ֥ין עָמֹ֖ק מִן־הָעֽוֹר׃ | Then the priest will examine the afflicted area on the seventh day, and if the scall has not spread, and there is no yellow hair in it, and the profile of the scall is not deeper than the skin, |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:33 | וְהִ֨תְגַּלָּ֔ח וְאֶת־הַנֶּ֖תֶק לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חַ וְהִסְגִּ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֧ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֛תֶק שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ | then he will shave himself, but he will not shave the scall, and the priest will close up the scall for seven days a second time. | |
| Lev 13:34 | וְרָאָה֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֜תֶק בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂ֤ה הַנֶּ֙תֶק֙ בָּע֔וֹר וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ אֵינֶ֥נּוּ עָמֹ֖ק מִן־הָע֑וֹר וְטִהַ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְכִבֶּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָהֵֽר׃ | Then the priest will examine the scall on the seventh day, and if the scall has not spread in the skin, and its profile is not deeper than the skin, then the priest will pronounce him clean, and the man will wash his clothes and be clean. |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. the man ← he. We avoid association of the pronoun he with the priest. MT punctuation links the washing with being clean. |
| Lev 13:35 | וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֥ה יִפְשֶׂ֛ה הַנֶּ֖תֶק בָּע֑וֹר אַחֲרֵ֖י טָהֳרָתֽוֹ׃ | But if the scall has spread at all in the skin after his cleansing, | has spread at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 13:36 | וְרָאָ֙הוּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖תֶק בָּע֑וֹר לֹֽא־יְבַקֵּ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לַשֵּׂעָ֥ר הַצָּהֹ֖ב טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | then the priest will examine it, and if the scall has spread in the skin, then the priest will not look for the yellow hair; he is unclean. |
examine it: AV differs (examine him), also possible.
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 13:37 | וְאִם־בְּעֵינָיו֩ עָמַ֨ד הַנֶּ֜תֶק וְשֵׂעָ֨ר שָׁחֹ֧ר צָֽמַח־בּ֛וֹ נִרְפָּ֥א הַנֶּ֖תֶק טָה֣וֹר ה֑וּא וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס | But if in his sight the scall is stable, and black hair grows on it, then the scall is healing; he is clean, and the priest will pronounce him clean. | |
| Lev 13:38 | וְאִישׁ֙ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָ֖ם בֶּהָרֹ֑ת בֶּהָרֹ֖ת לְבָנֹֽת׃ | And if a man or woman has bright spots on the skin of their flesh – white bright spots – | |
| Lev 13:39 | וְרָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֧ה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָ֛ם בֶּהָרֹ֖ת כֵּה֣וֹת לְבָנֹ֑ת בֹּ֥הַק ה֛וּא פָּרַ֥ח בָּע֖וֹר טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא׃ ס | then the priest will examine them, and if there are dull white bright spots in the skin of their flesh, then it is a case of freckles that grow in the skin; he is clean. | if there are ← behold. |
| Lev 13:40 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יִמָּרֵ֖ט רֹאשׁ֑וֹ קֵרֵ֥חַ ה֖וּא טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא׃ | And if a man loses hair on the head, he has become bald; he is clean. | |
| Lev 13:41 | וְאִם֙ מִפְּאַ֣ת פָּנָ֔יו יִמָּרֵ֖ט רֹאשׁ֑וֹ גִּבֵּ֥חַ ה֖וּא טָה֥וֹר הֽוּא׃ | And if his head loses hair from the part of his head towards the front, he is front-receding bald; he is clean. | if his head loses hair from the part of his head towards the front ← and if from the part of his face he loses hair (on) the head. |
| Lev 13:42 | וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֤ה בַקָּרַ֙חַת֙ א֣וֹ בַגַּבַּ֔חַת נֶ֖גַע לָבָ֣ן אֲדַמְדָּ֑ם צָרַ֤עַת פֹּרַ֙חַת֙ הִ֔וא בְּקָרַחְתּ֖וֹ א֥וֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ | But if there is a reddish white affliction in his bald area or his front-receding bald area, it is leprosy developing on his bald area or his front-receding bald area. | |
| Lev 13:43 | וְרָאָ֨ה אֹת֜וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה שְׂאֵת־הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ לְבָנָ֣ה אֲדַמְדֶּ֔מֶת בְּקָרַחְתּ֖וֹ א֣וֹ בְגַבַּחְתּ֑וֹ כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה צָרַ֖עַת ע֥וֹר בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And the priest will examine him, and if there is a reddish white swelling of an affliction on his bald area or his front-receding area, with the profile of leprosy of the skin of the flesh, |
if there is ← behold.
profile ← appearance. |
| Lev 13:44 | אִישׁ־צָר֥וּעַ ה֖וּא טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא טַמֵּ֧א יְטַמְּאֶ֛נּוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בְּרֹאשׁ֥וֹ נִגְעֽוֹ׃ | then he is a leprous man; he is unclean. The priest will certainly pronounce him unclean; his affliction is on his head. | will certainly pronounce: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 13:45 | וְהַצָּר֜וּעַ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ הַנֶּ֗גַע בְּגָדָ֞יו יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ וְעַל־שָׂפָ֖ם יַעְטֶ֑ה וְטָמֵ֥א ׀ טָמֵ֖א יִקְרָֽא׃ | The clothes of him who is leprous – who has an affliction – will be ripped at the seam, and his head will be made bare, and he will cover his upper lip, and he will call out, ‘Unclean, unclean.’ |
ripped at the seam: see Lev 10:6.
upper lip: or moustache. |
| Lev 13:46 | כָּל־יְמֵ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַנֶּ֥גַע בּ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא בָּדָ֣ד יֵשֵׁ֔ב מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה מוֹשָׁבֽוֹ׃ ס | All the time that the affliction is on him, he will be unclean. He is unclean; he will live alone; his dwelling will be outside the camp. | time ← days. |
| Lev 13:47 | וְהַבֶּ֕גֶד כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת בְּבֶ֣גֶד צֶ֔מֶר א֖וֹ בְּבֶ֥גֶד פִּשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And as for the garment that has the affliction of leprosy – either in a woollen garment or in a flaxen garment – | |
| Lev 13:48 | א֤וֹ בִֽשְׁתִי֙ א֣וֹ בְעֵ֔רֶב לַפִּשְׁתִּ֖ים וְלַצָּ֑מֶר א֣וֹ בְע֔וֹר א֖וֹ בְּכָל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֽוֹר׃ | whether in the warp or the woof of the flax or the wool or in hide or in any processed hide, |
any ← every.
processed hide ← (skilled) work of hide. |
| Lev 13:49 | וְהָיָ֨ה הַנֶּ֜גַע יְרַקְרַ֣ק ׀ א֣וֹ אֲדַמְדָּ֗ם בַּבֶּגֶד֩ א֨וֹ בָע֜וֹר אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִ֤י אוֹ־בָעֵ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֔וֹר נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת ה֑וּא וְהָרְאָ֖ה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | if the affliction in the garment is greenish or reddish, whether in hide or warp or woof or any hide product, it is an affliction of leprosy, and it will be shown to the priest. |
if ← and if.
any ← every. |
| Lev 13:50 | וְרָאָ֥ה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַנָּ֑גַע וְהִסְגִּ֥יר אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And the priest will examine the affliction, and he will close up the afflicted item for seven days, | |
| Lev 13:51 | וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־הַנֶּ֜גַע בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י כִּֽי־פָשָׂ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ בַּ֠בֶּגֶד אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִ֤י אֽוֹ־בָעֵ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בָע֔וֹר לְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה הָע֖וֹר לִמְלָאכָ֑ה צָרַ֧עַת מַמְאֶ֛רֶת הַנֶּ֖גַע טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | then he will examine the afflicted item on the seventh day. If the affliction has spread in the garment, either in the warp or in the woof or in the hide or in anything which is made from hide into a product, the affliction is a rankling leprosy; it is unclean. | anything ← everything. |
| Lev 13:52 | וְשָׂרַ֨ף אֶת־הַבֶּ֜גֶד א֥וֹ אֶֽת־הַשְּׁתִ֣י ׀ א֣וֹ אֶת־הָעֵ֗רֶב בַּצֶּ֙מֶר֙ א֣וֹ בַפִּשְׁתִּ֔ים א֚וֹ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלִ֣י הָע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ הַנָּ֑גַע כִּֽי־צָרַ֤עַת מַמְאֶ֙רֶת֙ הִ֔וא בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃ | And he will burn the garment, whether it is in the warp or the woof or in the wool or in the flax or in any product of hide where the affliction is, for it is rankling leprosy; it will be burned by fire. |
any ← every.
affliction is ← affliction is in it. |
| Lev 13:53 | וְאִם֮ יִרְאֶ֣ה הַכֹּהֵן֒ וְהִנֵּה֙ לֹא־פָשָׂ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע בַּבֶּ֕גֶד א֥וֹ בַשְּׁתִ֖י א֣וֹ בָעֵ֑רֶב א֖וֹ בְּכָל־כְּלִי־עֽוֹר׃ | And if when the priest looks, if the affliction has not spread in the garment or in the warp or woof or in any hide product, |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
any ← every. |
| Lev 13:54 | וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְכִ֨בְּס֔וּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ הַנָּ֑גַע וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ שִׁבְעַת־יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ | then the priest will command that they wash the thing which has the affliction in it, and that they shut it up for seven days a second time. | |
| Lev 13:55 | וְרָאָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹֽא־הָפַ֨ךְ הַנֶּ֤גַע אֶת־עֵינוֹ֙ וְהַנֶּ֣גַע לֹֽא־פָשָׂ֔ה טָמֵ֣א ה֔וּא בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑נּוּ פְּחֶ֣תֶת הִ֔וא בְּקָרַחְתּ֖וֹ א֥וֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ | Then the priest will examine it after the afflicted item has been washed, and if the affliction has not changed its profile and the affliction has not spread, it is unclean. You will burn it with fire. It is inward ravaging as it becomes worn thin or threadbare. |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← eye, appearance. becomes worn thin or threadbare ← balds or recedes bare. |
| Lev 13:56 | וְאִם֮ רָאָ֣ה הַכֹּהֵן֒ וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע אַחֲרֵ֖י הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֹת֑וֹ וְקָרַ֣ע אֹת֗וֹ מִן־הַבֶּ֙גֶד֙ א֣וֹ מִן־הָע֔וֹר א֥וֹ מִן־הַשְּׁתִ֖י א֥וֹ מִן־הָעֵֽרֶב׃ | And if when the priest examines it, it is seen that the afflicted area is dull after it has been washed, then he will tear it out from the garment or from the hide or from the warp or from the woof. | it is seen that ← and behold. |
| Lev 13:57 | וְאִם־תֵּרָאֶ֨ה ע֜וֹד בַּ֠בֶּגֶד אֽוֹ־בַשְּׁתִ֤י אֽוֹ־בָעֵ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֔וֹר פֹּרַ֖חַת הִ֑וא בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔נּוּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ הַנָּֽגַע׃ | But if it still appears in the garment or in the warp or the woof or in any hide product, it is flaring up; you will burn the thing that has the affliction in it with fire. |
any ← every.
burn the thing ← burn it. |
| Lev 13:58 | וְהַבֶּ֡גֶד אֽוֹ־הַשְּׁתִ֨י אוֹ־הָעֵ֜רֶב אֽוֹ־כָל־כְּלִ֤י הָעוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּכַבֵּ֔ס וְסָ֥ר מֵהֶ֖ם הַנָּ֑גַע וְכֻבַּ֥ס שֵׁנִ֖ית וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And as for the garment or warp or woof or any hide product which you wash, where the affliction goes away from it, it will be washed a second time, and it will be clean. | any ... it ← every ... them. |
| Lev 13:59 | זֹ֠את תּוֹרַ֨ת נֶֽגַע־צָרַ֜עַת בֶּ֥גֶד הַצֶּ֣מֶר ׀ א֣וֹ הַפִּשְׁתִּ֗ים א֤וֹ הַשְּׁתִי֙ א֣וֹ הָעֵ֔רֶב א֖וֹ כָּל־כְּלִי־ע֑וֹר לְטַהֲר֖וֹ א֥וֹ לְטַמְּאֽוֹ׃ פ | This is the procedure for the affliction of leprosy in a garment of wool or flax, either in the warp or in the woof or in any product from hide, for it being pronounced clean or unclean.” |
procedure for ← law of.
any ← every. |
| Lev 14:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 14:2 | זֹ֤את תִּֽהְיֶה֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת הַמְּצֹרָ֔ע בְּי֖וֹם טָהֳרָת֑וֹ וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | “This will be the procedure for him who is leprous, on the day of his cleansing. Now he will be brought to the priest, | the procedure ← law. |
| Lev 14:3 | וְיָצָא֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְרָאָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה נִרְפָּ֥א נֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֖עַת מִן־הַצָּרֽוּעַ׃ | and the priest will go outside the camp, and the priest will examine him, and if the affliction of leprosy has healed in the leper, |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
in the leper ← from the leper. |
| Lev 14:4 | וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלָקַ֧ח לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר שְׁתֵּֽי־צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב׃ | then the priest will command that two birds are taken for him that is having himself cleansed, live and clean ones, and cedar wood, and scarlet dye and hyssop, |
are taken ← one takes.
is having himself cleansed ← cleansing himself, but reflexive-causative meanings are possible. scarlet dye: i.e. kermes dye, of the scarlet variety. |
| Lev 14:5 | וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֑ת אֶל־כְּלִי־חֶ֖רֶשׂ עַל־מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ | and the priest will command that one bird be killed in an earthenware vessel over running water. |
killed ← slaughtered.
running ← living. |
| Lev 14:6 | אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֤ר הַֽחַיָּה֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֹתָ֔הּ וְאֶת־עֵ֥ץ הָאֶ֛רֶז וְאֶת־שְׁנִ֥י הַתּוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֶת־הָאֵזֹ֑ב וְטָבַ֨ל אוֹתָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַֽחַיָּ֗ה בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔ה עַ֖ל הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ | As for the living bird, he will take it and the cedar wood, and the scarlet dye and the hyssop, and he will dip them, and the bird that is alive, in the blood of the bird that was killed, above running water. |
scarlet dye: see Lev 14:4.
killed ← slaughtered. running ← living. |
| Lev 14:7 | וְהִזָּ֗ה עַ֧ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר מִן־הַצָּרַ֖עַת שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹ וְשִׁלַּ֛ח אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֥ר הַֽחַיָּ֖ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And he will sprinkle it seven times on him who is having himself cleansed from the leprosy, and he will pronounce him clean, and he will release the bird that is alive into the open field. |
is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4.
into the open field ← on the surface of the field. |
| Lev 14:8 | וְכִבֶּס֩ הַמִּטַּהֵ֨ר אֶת־בְּגָדָ֜יו וְגִלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ וְרָחַ֤ץ בַּמַּ֙יִם֙ וְטָהֵ֔ר וְאַחַ֖ר יָב֣וֹא אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְיָשַׁ֛ב מִח֥וּץ לְאָהֳל֖וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And he that is having himself cleansed will wash his clothes, and he will shave all his hair, and he will wash himself in water, and he will be clean. And after that he will go to the camp, and he will stay outside his tent for seven days. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:9 | וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י יְגַלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֤וֹ וְאֶת־זְקָנוֹ֙ וְאֵת֙ גַּבֹּ֣ת עֵינָ֔יו וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֖וֹ יְגַלֵּ֑חַ וְכִבֶּ֣ס אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וְרָחַ֧ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֛וֹ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And it will come to pass on the seventh day that he will shave all his hair – his head and his chin and his eyebrows. So he will shave off all his hair, and he will wash his clothes and wash his body in water, and he will be clean. | body ← flesh. |
| Lev 14:10 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יִקַּ֤ח שְׁנֵֽי־כְבָשִׂים֙ תְּמִימִ֔ים וְכַבְשָׂ֥ה אַחַ֛ת בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֖הּ תְּמִימָ֑ה וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן וְלֹ֥ג אֶחָ֖ד שָֽׁמֶן׃ | Then on the eighth day he will take two young lambs without blemish, and one young ewe, one-year-old, without blemish, and three tenths of an ephah of fine flour for the meal-offering, mixed with oil, and one log of oil. |
without blemish (2x) ← perfect.
tenths of an ephah: one word in Hebrew: a derivative of the word for tenth. No explicit word for ephah. An ephah is about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. log: about 0.7 pints or 0.4 litres. |
| Lev 14:11 | וְהֶעֱמִ֞יד הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַֽמְטַהֵ֗ר אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר וְאֹתָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the priest who performs the cleansing will place the man who is having himself cleansed and them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:12 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֗ד וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֛וֹ לְאָשָׁ֖ם וְאֶת־לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן וְהֵנִ֥יף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will take one lamb, and he will offer it as a guilt-offering, and the log of oil, and he will wave them as a wave-offering before the Lord. | log: about 0.7 pints or 0.4 litres. |
| Lev 14:13 | וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֶת־הַכֶּ֗בֶשׂ בִּ֠מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֧ט אֶת־הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ כִּ֡י כַּ֠חַטָּאת הָאָשָׁ֥ם הוּא֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃ | And he will slaughter the lamb in the place where he slaughters the sin-offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place, for the guilt-offering is as the sin-offering to the priest. It is a holy of holies. | |
| Lev 14:14 | וְלָקַ֣ח הַכֹּהֵן֮ מִדַּ֣ם הָאָשָׁם֒ וְנָתַן֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַל־תְּנ֛וּךְ אֹ֥זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ | And the priest will take some of the blood of the guilt-offering, and the priest will put it on the lobe of the right ear of him who is having himself cleansed, and on his right thumb and on his right hand big toe, | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:15 | וְלָקַ֥ח הַכֹּהֵ֖ן מִלֹּ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן וְיָצַ֛ק עַל־כַּ֥ף הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית׃ | and the priest will take some of the log of oil, and he will pour it in the palm of the priest's left hand. | log: about 0.7 pints or 0.4 litres. |
| Lev 14:16 | וְטָבַ֤ל הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־אֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִן־הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־כַּפּ֖וֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַשֶּׁ֧מֶן בְּאֶצְבָּע֛וֹ שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will dip his right finger in the oil which is in his left palm, and he will sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord. | in ← from. |
| Lev 14:17 | וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן הַכֹּהֵן֙ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִ֑ית עַ֖ל דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם׃ | And the priest will put some of the remainder of the oil which is in his palm on the lobe of the right ear of him who is having himself cleansed, and on his right thumb, and on his right hand big toe, with the blood of the guilt-offering. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:18 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר בַּשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַכֹּהֵ֔ן יִתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And as for the remainder of the oil in the priest's palm, he will put it on the head of him who is having himself cleansed, and the priest will atone for him before the Lord. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:19 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַטָּ֔את וְכִפֶּ֕ר עַל־הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר מִטֻּמְאָת֑וֹ וְאַחַ֖ר יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָעֹלָֽה׃ | And the priest will perform the sin-offering, and he will atone for him who is having himself cleansed from his uncleanness, and afterwards he will slaughter the burnt offering. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:20 | וְהֶעֱלָ֧ה הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הָעֹלָ֥ה וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְטָהֵֽר׃ ס | And the priest will perform the burnt offering and the meal-offering on the altar, and the priest will atone for him, and he will become clean. |
perform ← raise, offer.
on the altar ← to the altar. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Lev 14:21 | וְאִם־דַּ֣ל ה֗וּא וְאֵ֣ין יָדוֹ֮ מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ וְ֠לָקַח כֶּ֣בֶשׂ אֶחָ֥ד אָשָׁ֛ם לִתְנוּפָ֖ה לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד בָּל֥וּל בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶן לְמִנְחָ֖ה וְלֹ֥ג שָֽׁמֶן׃ | But if he is poor and he cannot afford it, he will take one lamb as a guilt-offering, as a wave-offering, to atone for him, and one tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a meal-offering, and a log of oil, |
he cannot afford ← his hand does not reach.
tenth of an ephah: see Lev 14:10. log: about 0.7 pints or 0.4 litres. |
| Lev 14:22 | וּשְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים א֤וֹ שְׁנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָד֑וֹ וְהָיָ֤ה אֶחָד֙ חַטָּ֔את וְהָאֶחָ֖ד עֹלָֽה׃ | and two turtle-doves or two young pigeons as he is able to afford, and one will be a sin-offering and the other a burnt offering. |
as ← which.
is able to afford ← his hand reaches. |
| Lev 14:23 | וְהֵבִ֨יא אֹתָ֜ם בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֶל־פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he will bring them on the eighth day of his cleansing to the priest at the entrance to the tent of contact before the Lord. | at ← to. |
| Lev 14:24 | וְלָקַ֧ח הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־כֶּ֥בֶשׂ הָאָשָׁ֖ם וְאֶת־לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן וְהֵנִ֨יף אֹתָ֧ם הַכֹּהֵ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will take the lamb of the guilt-offering and the log of oil, and the priest will wave them as a wave-offering before the Lord. | log: about 0.7 pints or 0.4 litres. |
| Lev 14:25 | וְשָׁחַט֮ אֶת־כֶּ֣בֶשׂ הָֽאָשָׁם֒ וְלָקַ֤ח הַכֹּהֵן֙ מִדַּ֣ם הָֽאָשָׁ֔ם וְנָתַ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ | And he will slaughter the lamb of the guilt-offering, and the priest will take some of the blood of the guilt-offering, and he will put it on the lobe of the right ear of him who is having himself cleansed, and on his right thumb, and on his right hand big toe. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:26 | וּמִן־הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן יִצֹ֣ק הַכֹּהֵ֑ן עַל־כַּ֥ף הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית׃ | And the priest will pour some of the oil into the priest's left palm. | |
| Lev 14:27 | וְהִזָּ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִן־הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־כַּפּ֖וֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will with his right finger sprinkle some of the oil which is in his left palm seven times before the Lord. | |
| Lev 14:28 | וְנָתַ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִן־הַשֶּׁ֣מֶן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִ֑ית עַל־מְק֖וֹם דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם׃ | And the priest will put some of the oil which is in his palm on the lobe of the right ear of him who is having himself cleansed, and on his right thumb, and on his right hand big toe, at the place of the blood of the guilt-offering. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:29 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר מִן־הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַכֹּהֵ֔ן יִתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֖יו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And as for the remainder of the oil which is in the priest's palm, he will put it on the head of him who is having himself cleansed, to atone for him before the Lord. | is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:30 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־הָֽאֶחָד֙ מִן־הַתֹּרִ֔ים א֖וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י הַיּוֹנָ֑ה מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָדֽוֹ׃ | And he will perform the offering of one of the turtle-doves or young pigeons, whatever he can afford. | he can afford ← from what his hand reaches. |
| Lev 14:31 | אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּשִּׂ֞יג יָד֗וֹ אֶת־הָאֶחָ֥ד חַטָּ֛את וְאֶת־הָאֶחָ֥ד עֹלָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עַ֥ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | He will offer whatever he can afford, one as a sin-offering and one as a burnt offering with a meal-offering, and the priest will atone for him who is having himself cleansed before the Lord. |
he can afford ← what his hand reaches.
is having himself cleansed: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:32 | זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֔ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תַשִּׂ֥יג יָד֖וֹ בְּטָהֳרָתֽוֹ׃ פ | This is the procedure for him who has the affliction of leprosy who cannot afford the animals of his cleansing procedure.” |
procedure for ← law of.
who cannot afford ← whose hand does not reach. |
| Lev 14:33 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Lev 14:34 | כִּ֤י תָבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֑ה וְנָתַתִּי֙ נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת בְּבֵ֖ית אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם׃ | “When you go into the land of Canaan which I am giving you as a possession, if I inflict an affliction of leprosy on a house in the land of your possession, |
if ← and. Conditional use of the vav.
in the land ← of the land. |
| Lev 14:35 | וּבָא֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִגִּ֥יד לַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּנֶ֕גַע נִרְאָ֥ה לִ֖י בַּבָּֽיִת׃ | then he whose house it is will go and tell the priest and say, ‘An affliction seems to have appeared on my house.’ | an affliction seems to have appeared on my house ← (like) as an affliction has appeared to me in the house. |
| Lev 14:36 | וְצִוָּ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וּפִנּ֣וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת בְּטֶ֨רֶם יָבֹ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ לִרְא֣וֹת אֶת־הַנֶּ֔גַע וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת וְאַ֥חַר כֵּ֛ן יָבֹ֥א הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And the priest will command that they empty the house before the priest comes to examine the affliction, so that nothing in the house becomes unclean, and after that the priest will come and examine the house. |
that: purposive use of the vav, introducing a noun clause representing a command.
nothing ... becomes ← everything ... does not become. |
| Lev 14:37 | וְרָאָ֣ה אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ בְּקִירֹ֣ת הַבַּ֔יִת שְׁקַֽעֲרוּרֹת֙ יְרַקְרַקֹּ֔ת א֖וֹ אֲדַמְדַּמֹּ֑ת וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֥ן שָׁפָ֖ל מִן־הַקִּֽיר׃ | And he will examine the affliction, and if the affliction is in the walls of the house, in greenish or reddish hollows, and its profile is recessed in the wall, |
if ← behold. See Lev 13:5.
profile ← appearance. recessed in ← lower than. |
| Lev 14:38 | וְיָצָ֧א הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מִן־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הַבָּ֑יִת וְהִסְגִּ֥יר אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | then the priest will go out of the house to the entrance of the house, and he will close the house for seven days. | |
| Lev 14:39 | וְשָׁ֥ב הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְרָאָ֕ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בְּקִירֹ֥ת הַבָּֽיִת׃ | Then the priest will return on the seventh day, and he will examine it, and if the affliction has spread in the walls of the house, | if ← behold. |
| Lev 14:40 | וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְחִלְּצוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲבָנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן הַנָּ֑גַע וְהִשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אֶתְהֶן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ | then the priest will command that they remove the stones that have the affliction in them, and they will cast them out of the city in an unclean place. | that: purposive use of the vav. See Lev 14:36. |
| Lev 14:41 | וְאֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ מִבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֑יב וְשָׁפְכ֗וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָפָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְצ֔וּ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ | And he will have the house scraped inside all around, and they will pour out the dust which they scrape off outside the city in an unclean place. | in ← into. |
| Lev 14:42 | וְלָקְחוּ֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים אֲחֵר֔וֹת וְהֵבִ֖יאוּ אֶל־תַּ֣חַת הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְעָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר יִקַּ֖ח וְטָ֥ח אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And they will take other stones, and they will bring them in place of those stones, and he will take other powder, and he will plaster the house. | powder ← dust, apparently including plastering powder, such as gypsum plaster. |
| Lev 14:43 | וְאִם־יָשׁ֤וּב הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ וּפָרַ֣ח בַּבַּ֔יִת אַחַ֖ר חִלֵּ֣ץ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֛י הִקְצ֥וֹת אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וְאַחֲרֵ֥י הִטּֽוֹחַ׃ | And if the affliction returns, and it flares up in the house after he has removed the stones, and after the scraping of the house and after application of the plaster, | application of the plaster ← being plastered. |
| Lev 14:44 | וּבָא֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְרָאָ֕ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בַּבָּ֑יִת צָרַ֨עַת מַמְאֶ֥רֶת הִ֛וא בַּבַּ֖יִת טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | then the priest will come, and he will examine it, and if the affliction has spread in the house, it is a rankling leprosy in the house. It is unclean. | if ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 14:45 | וְנָתַ֣ץ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת אֶת־אֲבָנָיו֙ וְאֶת־עֵצָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲפַ֣ר הַבָּ֑יִת וְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ | Then he will demolish the house, its stones and its beams, and all the plaster of the house, and he will take it outside the city to an unclean place. | plaster ← dust. See Lev 14:42. |
| Lev 14:46 | וְהַבָּא֙ אֶל־הַבַּ֔יִת כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הִסְגִּ֣יר אֹת֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And whoever goes into the house all the time that he shut it up will be unclean until the evening. | time ← days. |
| Lev 14:47 | וְהַשֹּׁכֵ֣ב בַּבַּ֔יִת יְכַבֵּ֖ס אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וְהָאֹכֵ֣ל בַּבַּ֔יִת יְכַבֵּ֖ס אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃ | And whoever lies in the house will wash his clothes, and whoever eats in the house will wash his clothes. | |
| Lev 14:48 | וְאִם־בֹּ֨א יָבֹ֜א הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְרָאָה֙ וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת אַחֲרֵ֖י הִטֹּ֣חַ אֶת־הַבָּ֑יִת וְטִהַ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת כִּ֥י נִרְפָּ֖א הַנָּֽגַע׃ | But if the priest comes, as he must, and he examines it, and if the affliction has not spread in the house after the house has been plastered, then the priest will pronounce the house clean, for the affliction has been cured. |
comes, as he must: infinitive absolute.
if (second occurrence in verse) ← behold. See Lev 13:5. |
| Lev 14:49 | וְלָקַ֛ח לְחַטֵּ֥א אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת שְׁתֵּ֣י צִפֳּרִ֑ים וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב׃ | And to expiate the house he will take two birds and cedar wood, and scarlet dye, and hyssop. | scarlet dye: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:50 | וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הָאֶחָ֑ת אֶל־כְּלִי־חֶ֖רֶשׂ עַל־מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ | And he will kill one bird in an earthenware vessel over running water. |
kill ← slaughter.
in ← to. Pregnant use of the preposition. running ← living. |
| Lev 14:51 | וְלָקַ֣ח אֶת־עֵֽץ־הָ֠אֶרֶז וְאֶת־הָ֨אֵזֹ֜ב וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁנִ֣י הַתּוֹלַ֗עַת וְאֵת֮ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַֽחַיָּה֒ וְטָבַ֣ל אֹתָ֗ם בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחוּטָ֔ה וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים וְהִזָּ֥ה אֶל־הַבַּ֖יִת שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And he will take the cedar wood and the hyssop and the scarlet dye and the bird that is alive, and he will dip them in the blood of the bird that was killed, and in the running water, and he will sprinkle it on the house seven times. |
scarlet dye: see Lev 14:4.
killed ← slaughtered. running ← living. |
| Lev 14:52 | וְחִטֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפּ֔וֹר וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים וּבַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַחַיָּ֗ה וּבְעֵ֥ץ הָאֶ֛רֶז וּבָאֵזֹ֖ב וּבִשְׁנִ֥י הַתּוֹלָֽעַת׃ | And he will expiate the house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with the living bird, and with the cedar wood, and with the hyssop and with the scarlet dye. |
running ← living.
scarlet dye: see Lev 14:4. |
| Lev 14:53 | וְשִׁלַּ֞ח אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֧ר הַֽחַיָּ֛ה אֶל־מִח֥וּץ לָעִ֖יר אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֥ר עַל־הַבַּ֖יִת וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And he will release the living bird outside the city in the open field, and he will atone for the house, and it will be clean. | |
| Lev 14:54 | זֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה לְכָל־נֶ֥גַע הַצָּרַ֖עַת וְלַנָּֽתֶק׃ | This is the procedure for every affliction of leprosy and of scall, | procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 14:55 | וּלְצָרַ֥עַת הַבֶּ֖גֶד וְלַבָּֽיִת׃ | and of leprosy of a garment and of a house, | a garment ... a house ← the garment ... the house. |
| Lev 14:56 | וְלַשְׂאֵ֥ת וְלַסַּפַּ֖חַת וְלַבֶּהָֽרֶת׃ | and of a swelling, and of scurf and of a bright spot, | |
| Lev 14:57 | לְהוֹרֹ֕ת בְּי֥וֹם הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבְי֣וֹם הַטָּהֹ֑ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַצָּרָֽעַת׃ ס | to teach when a thing is unclean and when a thing is clean. This is the procedure for leprosy.” |
when ... when ← on a day ... on a day.
procedure for ← law of. |
| Lev 15:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Lev 15:2 | דַּבְּרוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִ֗ישׁ כִּ֤י יִהְיֶה֙ זָ֣ב מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹ זוֹב֖וֹ טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘As for every man who has a discharge from his flesh, his discharge means he is unclean. | every man ← a man, a man. |
| Lev 15:3 | וְזֹ֛את תִּהְיֶ֥ה טֻמְאָת֖וֹ בְּזוֹב֑וֹ רָ֣ר בְּשָׂר֞וֹ אֶת־זוֹב֗וֹ אֽוֹ־הֶחְתִּ֤ים בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ טֻמְאָת֖וֹ הִֽוא׃ | And this will be his uncleanness in his discharge, whether his flesh emits his discharge or his flesh seals up his discharge, it is his uncleanness. | |
| Lev 15:4 | כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב יִטְמָ֑א וְכָֽל־הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא׃ | Every bed on which he who has the discharge lies will be unclean, and every item of furniture on which he sits will be unclean. | |
| Lev 15:5 | וְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִגַּ֖ע בְּמִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who touches his bed will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | anyone ← a man. |
| Lev 15:6 | וְהַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַֽל־הַכְּלִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־יֵשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו הַזָּ֑ב יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who sits on any item of furniture on which he who has a discharge sits will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | |
| Lev 15:7 | וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּבְשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑ב יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who touches the flesh of him who has the discharge will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | |
| Lev 15:8 | וְכִֽי־יָרֹ֛ק הַזָּ֖ב בַּטָּה֑וֹר וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And if he who has the discharge spits on someone clean, the latter will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | the latter ← he. |
| Lev 15:9 | וְכָל־הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב יִטְמָֽא׃ | And every carriage-seat on which he who has a discharge rides will be unclean. | |
| Lev 15:10 | וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֗עַ בְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיֶ֣ה תַחְתָּ֔יו יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנּוֹשֵׂ֣א אוֹתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who touches anything that has been under him will be unclean until the evening, and anyone who carries them will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. |
anyone ← everyone.
anything ← everything. |
| Lev 15:11 | וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגַּע־בּוֹ֙ הַזָּ֔ב וְיָדָ֖יו לֹא־שָׁטַ֣ף בַּמָּ֑יִם וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And everyone whom he that has the discharge touches, who does not rinse his hands with water, will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | |
| Lev 15:12 | וּכְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע־בּ֥וֹ הַזָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | And any earthenware object which he who has the discharge touches will be broken, and every wooden implement will be washed with water. | |
| Lev 15:13 | וְכִֽי־יִטְהַ֤ר הַזָּב֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ וְסָ֨פַר ל֜וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ וְכִבֶּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֑יו וְרָחַ֧ץ בְּשָׂר֛וֹ בְּמַ֥יִם חַיִּ֖ים וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And when he with a discharge is cleansed of his discharge, he will reserve to himself seven days for his cleansing, and he will wash his clothes and he will wash his body with running water, and he will be clean. |
reserve ← number.
body ← flesh. running ← living. |
| Lev 15:14 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יִֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה וּבָ֣א ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וּנְתָנָ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And on the eighth day he will get himself two turtle-doves or two young pigeons, and he will come before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact, and he will give them to the priest. |
get himself ← take to him.
at ← to. |
| Lev 15:15 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֹתָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶחָ֣ד חַטָּ֔את וְהָאֶחָ֖ד עֹלָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מִזּוֹבֽוֹ׃ ס | And the priest will make offerings with them, one as a sin-offering and one as a burnt offering, and the priest will atone for him before the Lord for his discharge. |
the priest will make offerings with them: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence.
for ← from. |
| Lev 15:16 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֛יִם אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And if semen is emitted from a man, he will wash all his body with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. |
semen ← a lying / layer of seed, i.e. seed through lying with someone carnally.
body ← flesh. |
| Lev 15:17 | וְכָל־בֶּ֣גֶד וְכָל־ע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֥ה עָלָ֖יו שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע וְכֻבַּ֥ס בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ פ | And every garment and every hide product which has semen on it will be washed with water, and it will be unclean until the evening. | semen: see Lev 15:16. |
| Lev 15:18 | וְאִשָּׁ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב אִ֛ישׁ אֹתָ֖הּ שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע וְרָחֲצ֣וּ בַמַּ֔יִם וְטָמְא֖וּ עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And as for a woman with whom a man lies with an emission of semen, they will wash themselves with water, and they will be unclean until the evening. | semen: see Lev 15:16. |
| Lev 15:19 | וְאִשָּׁה֙ כִּֽי־תִהְיֶ֣ה זָבָ֔ה דָּ֛ם יִהְיֶ֥ה זֹבָ֖הּ בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And if a woman has a discharge, and her discharge is of blood, in her flesh, she shall be in her menstrual separation for seven days, and anyone touching her will be unclean until the evening. | anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 15:20 | וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֑א וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא׃ | And everything that she lies on in her menstrual separation will be unclean, and everything she sits on will be unclean, | |
| Lev 15:21 | וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בְּמִשְׁכָּבָ֑הּ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | and anyone who touches her bed will wash his clothes, and he will wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 15:22 | וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֔עַ בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֑יו יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who touches any item of furniture that she sits on will wash his clothes and he will wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. |
anyone ← everyone.
any ← every. |
| Lev 15:23 | וְאִ֨ם עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֜ב ה֗וּא א֧וֹ עַֽל־הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥וא יֹשֶֽׁבֶת־עָלָ֖יו בְּנָגְעוֹ־ב֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And if it is the bed or the item of furniture on which she sits, when he touches the item, he will be unclean until the evening. |
the bed ... the item ← on the bed ... on the item, pleonastically to English ears, since we have on which following.
the item ← it. |
| Lev 15:24 | וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ וּתְהִ֤י נִדָּתָהּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְטָמֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְכָל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ב אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא׃ פ | And if a man actually lies with her, then her menstrual impurity will be upon him, and he will be unclean for seven days, and all the bed he lies on will be unclean. |
actually lies: infinitive absolute.
all the bed: or every bed. |
| Lev 15:25 | וְאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּֽי־יָזוּב֩ ז֨וֹב דָּמָ֜הּ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים בְּלֹא֙ עֶת־נִדָּתָ֔הּ א֥וֹ כִֽי־תָז֖וּב עַל־נִדָּתָ֑הּ כָּל־יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִֽוא׃ | And if with any woman a discharge of her blood flows for many days not in the time of her menstrual separation, or if it discharges beyond the time of her menstrual separation, all the days of her unclean discharge will be as the days of her menstrual separation. She is unclean. | her unclean discharge ← the discharge of her uncleanness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 15:26 | כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָלָיו֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י זוֹבָ֔הּ כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥ב נִדָּתָ֖הּ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑הּ וְכָֽל־הַכְּלִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֔יו טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה כְּטֻמְאַ֖ת נִדָּתָֽהּ׃ | Any bed that she lies on on any of the days of her discharge will be as the bed of her menstrual separation to her, and every item of furniture on which she sits will be unclean, as with the uncleanness of her menstrual separation. | any (2x) ← every. |
| Lev 15:27 | וְכָל־הַנּוֹגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖ם יִטְמָ֑א וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And anyone who touches them will become unclean, and he will wash his clothes and he will wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. | anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 15:28 | וְאִֽם־טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ וְסָ֥פְרָה לָּ֛הּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְאַחַ֥ר תִּטְהָֽר׃ | And when she has been cleansed of her discharge, she will reserve herself seven days, and after that she will be clean. |
when: the word usually means if, but [AnLx] also gives when.
reserve ← count. |
| Lev 15:29 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י תִּֽקַּֽח־לָהּ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה וְהֵבִיאָ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And on the eighth day, she will take two turtle-doves or two young pigeons, and she will bring them to the priest at the entrance to the tent of contact. | at ← to. |
| Lev 15:30 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הָאֶחָ֣ד חַטָּ֔את וְאֶת־הָאֶחָ֖ד עֹלָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלֶ֤יהָ הַכֹּהֵן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִזּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽהּ׃ | And the priest will offer one of them as a sin-offering and the other as a burnt offering. And the priest will atone for her before the Lord, for her unclean discharge. |
offer ← do.
one ... the other ← the one ... the one. unclean discharge ← the discharge of her uncleanness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 15:31 | וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם וְלֹ֤א יָמֻ֙תוּ֙ בְּטֻמְאָתָ֔ם בְּטַמְּאָ֥ם אֶת־מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And you will separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness so that they do not die in their uncleanness, by them making my tabernacle, which is in their midst, unclean. |
you: plural.
so that: purposive use of the vav. them making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 15:32 | זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַזָּ֑ב וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֛נּוּ שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֖רַע לְטָמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃ | This is the procedure for him who has a discharge and for him from whom semen is emitted, so as to become unclean by it, |
procedure for ← law of.
semen: see Lev 15:16. |
| Lev 15:33 | וְהַדָּוָה֙ בְּנִדָּתָ֔הּ וְהַזָּב֙ אֶת־זוֹב֔וֹ לַזָּכָ֖ר וְלַנְּקֵבָ֑ה וּלְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁכַּ֖ב עִם־טְמֵאָֽה׃ פ | and of her that is sick in her period, and of him who has a discharge, for male or female, and for the man who lies with an unclean woman.’ ” | has a discharge ← discharges his discharge. |
| Lev 16:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י מ֔וֹת שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן בְּקָרְבָתָ֥ם לִפְנֵי־יְהוָ֖ה וַיָּמֻֽתוּ׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they made an offering before the Lord and died, | |
| Lev 16:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־אַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִיךָ֒ וְאַל־יָבֹ֤א בְכָל־עֵת֙ אֶל־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ מִבֵּ֖ית לַפָּרֹ֑כֶת אֶל־פְּנֵ֨י הַכַּפֹּ֜רֶת אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַל־הָאָרֹן֙ וְלֹ֣א יָמ֔וּת כִּ֚י בֶּֽעָנָ֔ן אֵרָאֶ֖ה עַל־הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | and the Lord said to Moses, “Speak to Aaron your brother, and don't let him come at just any time to the holy place inside the veil, into the presence of the atonement cover which is over the ark, so that he does not die, for I will appear over the atonement cover in the cloud. |
any ← every.
holy place: as noted by [CB], the “holy place” in this chapter is the holy of holies, being inside the veil. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Lev 16:3 | בְּזֹ֛את יָבֹ֥א אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶל־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ בְּפַ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר לְחַטָּ֖את וְאַ֥יִל לְעֹלָֽה׃ | Aaron will come to the sanctuary with this: with a bull-calf of the oxen for a sin-offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. | |
| Lev 16:4 | כְּתֹֽנֶת־בַּ֨ד קֹ֜דֶשׁ יִלְבָּ֗שׁ וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִהְי֣וּ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ וּבְאַבְנֵ֥ט בַּד֙ יַחְגֹּ֔ר וּבְמִצְנֶ֥פֶת בַּ֖ד יִצְנֹ֑ף בִּגְדֵי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֔ם וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֛יִם אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וּלְבֵשָֽׁם׃ | He will wear a holy fine linen tunic, and fine linen trousers will be over his body, and he will gird himself with a fine linen girdle, and he will wear a fine linen turban. They are holy garments, and he will wash his body with water, and he will put them on. |
body (2x) ← flesh.
wear: the word specific to, and cognate with, turban. |
| Lev 16:5 | וּמֵאֵ֗ת עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִקַּ֛ח שְׁנֵֽי־שְׂעִירֵ֥י עִזִּ֖ים לְחַטָּ֑את וְאַ֥יִל אֶחָ֖ד לְעֹלָֽה׃ | And he will take from the congregation of the sons of Israel two goat bucks for a sin-offering and one ram for a burnt offering. | |
| Lev 16:6 | וְהִקְרִ֧יב אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־פַּ֥ר הַחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וְכִפֶּ֥ר בַּעֲד֖וֹ וּבְעַ֥ד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | And Aaron will offer the bull of the sin-offering which is for himself, and he will atone for himself and for his household, | |
| Lev 16:7 | וְלָקַ֖ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׂעִירִ֑ם וְהֶעֱמִ֤יד אֹתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | and he will take the two goat bucks and stand them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Lev 16:8 | וְנָתַ֧ן אַהֲרֹ֛ן עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י הַשְּׂעִירִ֖ם גּוֹרָל֑וֹת גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וְגוֹרָ֥ל אֶחָ֖ד לַעֲזָאזֵֽל׃ | And Aaron will cast lots for the two goat bucks. One lot is for the Lord, and one lot is for the scapegoat. | scapegoat ← departure-goat. |
| Lev 16:9 | וְהִקְרִ֤יב אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָלָ֥ה עָלָ֛יו הַגּוֹרָ֖ל לַיהוָ֑ה וְעָשָׂ֖הוּ חַטָּֽאת׃ | And Aaron will offer the goat buck on which the lot fell to the Lord, and he will perform the sacrifice of it as a sin-offering. | |
| Lev 16:10 | וְהַשָּׂעִ֗יר אֲשֶׁר֩ עָלָ֨ה עָלָ֤יו הַגּוֹרָל֙ לַעֲזָאזֵ֔ל יָֽעֳמַד־חַ֛י לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו לְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֹת֛וֹ לַעֲזָאזֵ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ | But the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat will be stood before the Lord alive, to atone for himself, by dismissing it as a scapegoat into the desert. |
atone for himself: atone for as in Ex 30:15, or atone on, as in Ex 29:37.
by dismissing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 16:11 | וְהִקְרִ֨יב אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־פַּ֤ר הַֽחַטָּאת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְכִפֶּ֥ר בַּֽעֲד֖וֹ וּבְעַ֣ד בֵּית֑וֹ וְשָׁחַ֛ט אֶת־פַּ֥ר הַֽחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ | And Aaron will offer the bull of the sin-offering which is for himself, and he will atone for himself and for his household, and he will slaughter the bull of the sin-offering which is for himself. | |
| Lev 16:12 | וְלָקַ֣ח מְלֹֽא־הַ֠מַּחְתָּה גַּֽחֲלֵי־אֵ֞שׁ מֵעַ֤ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּמְלֹ֣א חָפְנָ֔יו קְטֹ֥רֶת סַמִּ֖ים דַּקָּ֑ה וְהֵבִ֖יא מִבֵּ֥ית לַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃ | And he will take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before the Lord, with his hands full of aromatic incense ground fine, and he will bring it inside the veil, |
burning coals ← burning coals of fire.
with his hands full ← and fulness of his dual-fists. |
| Lev 16:13 | וְנָתַ֧ן אֶֽת־הַקְּטֹ֛רֶת עַל־הָאֵ֖שׁ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְכִסָּ֣ה ׀ עֲנַ֣ן הַקְּטֹ֗רֶת אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָעֵד֖וּת וְלֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃ | and he will put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the cloud of the incense will cover the atonement cover which is above the testimony, so that he does not die. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Lev 16:14 | וְלָקַח֙ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְהִזָּ֧ה בְאֶצְבָּע֛וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת קֵ֑דְמָה וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת יַזֶּ֧ה שֶֽׁבַע־פְּעָמִ֛ים מִן־הַדָּ֖ם בְּאֶצְבָּעֽוֹ׃ | And he will take some of the blood of the bull, and he will sprinkle it with his finger on the surface of the atonement cover towards the east, and he will sprinkle some of the blood in front of the atonement cover with his finger seven times. | |
| Lev 16:15 | וְשָׁחַ֞ט אֶת־שְׂעִ֤יר הַֽחַטָּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֔ם וְהֵבִיא֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ אֶל־מִבֵּ֖ית לַפָּרֹ֑כֶת וְעָשָׂ֣ה אֶת־דָּמ֗וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְדַ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְהִזָּ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת וְלִפְנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | And he will slaughter the goat buck of the sin-offering which is for the people, and he will bring its blood inside the veil, and he will do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and he will sprinkle it on the atonement cover and in front of the atonement cover. | |
| Lev 16:16 | וְכִפֶּ֣ר עַל־הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־חַטֹּאתָ֑ם וְכֵ֤ן יַעֲשֶׂה֙ לְאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד הַשֹּׁכֵ֣ן אִתָּ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָֽם׃ | And he will atone for the holy place because of the uncleanness of the sons of Israel, and because of their transgressions with all their sins, and he will do likewise for the tent of contact which remains with them in the midst of their uncleanness. | uncleanness ← uncleannesses. |
| Lev 16:17 | וְכָל־אָדָ֞ם לֹא־יִהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד בְּבֹא֛וֹ לְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ עַד־צֵאת֑וֹ וְכִפֶּ֤ר בַּעֲדוֹ֙ וּבְעַ֣ד בֵּית֔וֹ וּבְעַ֖ד כָּל־קְהַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And there will be no-one at the tent of contact when he goes to make atonement in the holy place until he comes out and has atoned for himself and for his household and for the whole convocation of Israel. | no-one ← everyone ... not. |
| Lev 16:18 | וְיָצָ֗א אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וְלָקַ֞ח מִדַּ֤ם הַפָּר֙ וּמִדַּ֣ם הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְנָתַ֛ן עַל־קַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he will go out to the altar which is before the Lord, and he will atone for it, and he will take some of the bull's blood and some of the goat buck's blood, and he will put it on the horns of the altar round about. | for: or on. |
| Lev 16:19 | וְהִזָּ֨ה עָלָ֧יו מִן־הַדָּ֛ם בְּאֶצְבָּע֖וֹ שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְטִהֲר֣וֹ וְקִדְּשׁ֔וֹ מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he will sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and he will cleanse it and sanctify it from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel. | |
| Lev 16:20 | וְכִלָּה֙ מִכַּפֵּ֣ר אֶת־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְהִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֥יר הֶחָֽי׃ | And he will finish atoning for the holy place and the tent of contact and the altar, and he will bring up the goat buck that is alive. | bring up ← bring near, frequently used for offering, e.g. Lev 3:7. |
| Lev 16:21 | וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י *ידו **יָדָ֗יו עַ֨ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִיר֮ הַחַי֒ וְהִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗יו אֶת־כָּל־עֲוֺנֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־כָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־חַטֹּאתָ֑ם וְנָתַ֤ן אֹתָם֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְשִׁלַּ֛ח בְּיַד־אִ֥ישׁ עִתִּ֖י הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ | And Aaron will lay both his {Q: hands} [K: hand] on the head of the goat buck that is alive, and he will confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions, in all their sins, and he will put them on the head of the goat buck, then he will release it by the hand of a man fit for it into the desert. | The ketiv might be an apocopated spelling of the qeré, admissible since the plurality is fixed by the word for both. |
| Lev 16:22 | וְנָשָׂ֨א הַשָּׂעִ֥יר עָלָ֛יו אֶת־כָּל־עֲוֺנֹתָ֖ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ גְּזֵרָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֖יר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And the goat buck will bear on itself all their iniquities to an isolated land. So he will release the goat buck into the desert. | into the desert ← in the desert. [AnLx] admits, but “rarely”, into. |
| Lev 16:23 | וּבָ֤א אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֣י הַבָּ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָבַ֖שׁ בְּבֹא֣וֹ אֶל־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְהִנִּיחָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | And Aaron will come to the tent of contact, and he will take off the fine linen garments which he put on when he went into the holy place, and he will deposit them there. | |
| Lev 16:24 | וְרָחַ֨ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֤וֹ בַמַּ֙יִם֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ וְלָבַ֖שׁ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וְיָצָ֗א וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־עֹלַ֣ת הָעָ֔ם וְכִפֶּ֥ר בַּעֲד֖וֹ וּבְעַ֥ד הָעָֽם׃ | And he will wash his body with water in a holy place, and he will put his clothes on, then he will go out, and he will perform the sacrifice of his burnt offering and the burnt offering for the people, and he will atone for himself and for the people. |
body ← flesh.
for ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Lev 16:25 | וְאֵ֛ת חֵ֥לֶב הַֽחַטָּ֖את יַקְטִ֥יר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | And he will burn the fat of the sin-offering on the altar. | on ← onto. |
| Lev 16:26 | וְהַֽמְשַׁלֵּ֤חַ אֶת־הַשָּׂעִיר֙ לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And he who releases the goat buck as a scapegoat will wash his clothes and wash his body with water, and after that he will come to the camp, | body ← flesh. |
| Lev 16:27 | וְאֵת֩ פַּ֨ר הַֽחַטָּ֜את וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּבָ֤א אֶת־דָּמָם֙ לְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֔דֶשׁ יוֹצִ֖יא אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְשָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ אֶת־עֹרֹתָ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּשָׂרָ֖ם וְאֶת־פִּרְשָֽׁם׃ | and he will bring the bull of the sin-offering and the goat buck of the sin-offering, whose blood was brought to make atonement in the holy place, out to outside the camp, and they will burn their skin and their flesh and their dung with fire. | |
| Lev 16:28 | וְהַשֹּׂרֵ֣ף אֹתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And he who burns them will wash his clothes, and he will wash his body with water, and after that he will come to the camp. | body ← flesh. |
| Lev 16:29 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ תְּעַנּ֣וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ | And it will be an age-abiding statute to you in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month. You will humble yourselves, and you will not do any work – neither a native nor the foreigner who is living among you. |
the seventh month, on the tenth day: this is the day of atonement.
humble yourselves ← afflict your souls. any ← every. |
| Lev 16:30 | כִּֽי־בַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְטַהֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם מִכֹּל֙ חַטֹּ֣אתֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תִּטְהָֽרוּ׃ | For on this day the priest will make atonement for you, to cleanse you. You shall be clean from all your sins before the Lord. | |
| Lev 16:31 | שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | It is a Sabbath of sabbatic observance to you, and you will humble yourselves. It is an age-abiding statute. |
Sabbath: a high Sabbath, not necessarily a Saturday.
humble yourselves ← afflict your souls. |
| Lev 16:32 | וְכִפֶּ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֲשֶׁר־יִמְשַׁ֣ח אֹת֗וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יְמַלֵּא֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ לְכַהֵ֖ן תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יו וְלָבַ֛שׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַבָּ֖ד בִּגְדֵ֥י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall install to officiate as priest in place of his father, will make atonement, and he will put the fine linen garments on – the holy garments. | install ← fill the hand of. |
| Lev 16:33 | וְכִפֶּר֙ אֶת־מִקְדַּ֣שׁ הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ יְכַפֵּ֑ר וְעַ֧ל הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים וְעַל־כָּל־עַ֥ם הַקָּהָ֖ל יְכַפֵּֽר׃ | And he will atone for the holy sanctuary, and he will atone for the tent of contact and the altar, and he will atone for the priests, and for all the people of the convocation. | |
| Lev 16:34 | וְהָֽיְתָה־זֹּ֨את לָכֶ֜ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֗ם לְכַפֵּ֞ר עַל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִכָּל־חַטֹּאתָ֔ם אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And this will be an age-abiding statute to you, to atone for the sons of Israel – for all their sins – once a year.” And he did as the Lord commanded Moses. | |
| Lev 17:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 17:2 | דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘This is the word which the Lord commanded when he said, | |
| Lev 17:3 | אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֜ט שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֛שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵ֖ז בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה א֚וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁחַ֔ט מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | «As for any man of the house of Israel who slaughters an ox or lamb or goat in the camp, or who slaughters one outside the camp, |
any man ← a man, a man.
slaughters: i.e. in the context of sacrifice to the Lord, as is seen from the verses following. |
| Lev 17:4 | וְאֶל־פֶּ֜תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֮ לֹ֣א הֱבִיאוֹ֒ לְהַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּן֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה דָּ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֞ב לָאִ֤ישׁ הַהוּא֙ דָּ֣ם שָׁפָ֔ךְ וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ׃ | and who does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of contact to offer it as an oblation to the Lord before the Lord's tabernacle, blood will be imputed to that man; he has shed blood, and that man will be cut off from the midst of his people, | |
| Lev 17:5 | לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶֽת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵ֣ם זֹבְחִים֮ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶה֒ וֶֽהֱבִיאֻ֣ם לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֶל־פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְזָ֨בְח֜וּ זִבְחֵ֧י שְׁלָמִ֛ים לַֽיהוָ֖ה אוֹתָֽם׃ | in order that the sons of Israel bring their sacrifices which they have been sacrificing in the open field, and they bring them to the Lord, to the entrance of the tent of contact, to the priest, and that they sacrifice them as peace-sacrifices to the Lord. | in the open field ← on the surface of the field. |
| Lev 17:6 | וְזָרַ֨ק הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַדָּם֙ עַל־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַחֵ֔לֶב לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | Then the priest will sprinkle the blood on the Lord's altar at the entrance to the tent of contact, and he will burn the fat as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | |
| Lev 17:7 | וְלֹא־יִזְבְּח֥וּ עוֹד֙ אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶ֔ם לַשְּׂעִירִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃ | And they will no longer make their sacrifices to the demons which they go whoring after. This will be an age-abiding statute to them in their generations.» ’ |
make ← sacrifice.
demons: the word can also mean goats and hairy. |
| Lev 17:8 | וַאֲלֵהֶ֣ם תֹּאמַ֔ר אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־יָג֣וּר בְּתוֹכָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲלֶ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה אוֹ־זָֽבַח׃ | And you will say to them, ‘Any man from the house of Israel, and from the foreigners who dwell in their midst, who offers a burnt offering or a sacrifice, |
any man ← a man, a man.
foreigners ← foreigner. |
| Lev 17:9 | וְאֶל־פֶּ֜תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ לֹ֣א יְבִיאֶ֔נּוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת אֹת֖וֹ לַיהוָ֑ה וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מֵעַמָּֽיו׃ | but who does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of contact, for it to be made to the Lord, that man will be cut off from his people. |
it to be made ← to make it.
people ← peoples. |
| Lev 17:10 | וְאִ֨ישׁ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמִן־הַגֵּר֙ הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאכַ֖ל כָּל־דָּ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֣י פָנַ֗י בַּנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ הָאֹכֶ֣לֶת אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃ | And as for any man from the house of Israel, or from the foreigners who dwell in their midst, who consumes any blood, I will oppose that person who consumes blood, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people. |
any man ← a man, a man.
foreigners ← foreigner. any ← all. oppose ← put my face to. person ... him ... his ← soul ... it ... its. |
| Lev 17:11 | כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ וַאֲנִ֞י נְתַתִּ֤יו לָכֶם֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר׃ | For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have appointed it for you on the altar, to atone for your lives, for it is the blood which atones for the life.’ | life ... lives ... life ← soul ... souls ... soul. |
| Lev 17:12 | עַל־כֵּ֤ן אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כָּל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ מִכֶּ֖ם לֹא־תֹ֣אכַל דָּ֑ם וְהַגֵּ֛ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶ֖ם לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל דָּֽם׃ ס | That is why I have said to the sons of Israel, ‘None of you will consume blood, nor will the foreigner who dwells among you consume blood.’ | none ← every soul ... not. |
| Lev 17:13 | וְאִ֨ישׁ אִ֜ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמִן־הַגֵּר֙ הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצ֜וּד צֵ֥יד חַיָּ֛ה אוֹ־ע֖וֹף אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֑ל וְשָׁפַךְ֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְכִסָּ֖הוּ בֶּעָפָֽר׃ | So as for any man of the sons of Israel and of the foreigners who dwell in their midst, who hunts for a live catch, or birds which are eaten, he will pour out its blood and cover it with dust. |
any man ← a man, a man.
foreigners ← foreigner. live catch ← hunting of an animal. |
| Lev 17:14 | כִּֽי־נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־בָּשָׂ֗ר דָּמ֣וֹ בְנַפְשׁוֹ֮ הוּא֒ וָֽאֹמַר֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּ֥ם כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ כִּ֣י נֶ֤פֶשׁ כָּל־בָּשָׂר֙ דָּמ֣וֹ הִ֔וא כָּל־אֹכְלָ֖יו יִכָּרֵֽת׃ | For the life of all flesh is its blood which is for its life. So I said to the sons of Israel, ‘You will not consume the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood; anyone who consumes it will be cut off.’ |
life ... life ... life ← soul ... soul ... soul.
any ← all. anyone ← everyone. |
| Lev 17:15 | וְכָל־נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֤ל נְבֵלָה֙ וּטְרֵפָ֔ה בָּאֶזְרָ֖ח וּבַגֵּ֑ר וְכִבֶּ֨ס בְּגָדָ֜יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֛יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃ | And as for anyone who eats a carcase of natural death or a savaged carcase, among native people or foreigners, he will wash his clothes and wash himself with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. Then he will be clean. |
anyone ← every soul.
or (2x): disjunctive use of the vav. foreigners ← the foreigner. |
| Lev 17:16 | וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א יְכַבֵּ֔ס וּבְשָׂר֖וֹ לֹ֣א יִרְחָ֑ץ וְנָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ פ | But if he does not wash his clothes or does not wash his body, then he will bear his iniquity.” | body ← flesh. |
| Lev 18:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 18:2 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 18:3 | כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃ | You will not act according to the practices of the land of Egypt in which you lived, and you will not act according to the practices of the land of Canaan to which I am bringing you. And you shall not walk in their statutes. | practices (2x) ← doing. |
| Lev 18:4 | אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You will act in accordance with my regulations, and you will keep my statutes, by walking in them. I am the Lord your God. |
act in accordance with ← do.
by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 18:5 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And you will keep my statutes and my regulations, which a man shall do and live by. I am the Lord. | Rom 10:5, Gal 3:12. |
| Lev 18:6 | אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ אֶל־כָּל־שְׁאֵ֣ר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִקְרְב֖וּ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | No man will approach any kinsman of the flesh to uncover nakedness. I am the Lord. |
no man will ← a man, a man ... will not.
any ← every. |
| Lev 18:7 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father or the nakedness of your mother: she is your mother; you shall not uncover her nakedness. | |
| Lev 18:8 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of the wife of your father: it is the nakedness of your father. | |
| Lev 18:9 | עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן׃ ס | As for the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home or born away from home, you shall not uncover her nakedness. |
or: this is a specifically disjunctive conjunction, unlike the general-purpose vav of Lev 18:17.
her ← their. Hebrew uses a plural form after “or”, but the antecedent, your sister, is singular. |
| Lev 18:10 | עֶרְוַ֤ת בַּת־בִּנְךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַֽת־בִּתְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָ֑ן כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה׃ ס | As for the nakedness of your son's daughter or your daughter's daughter, you shall not uncover their nakedness, for they are your nakedness. |
or: this is a specifically disjunctive conjunction, unlike the general-purpose vav of Lev 18:17.
their ... they: here the forms can be taken as having a plural antecedent. |
| Lev 18:11 | עֶרְוַ֨ת בַּת־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֙יךָ֙ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת אָבִ֔יךָ אֲחוֹתְךָ֖ הִ֑וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ ס | As for the nakedness of the daughter of your father's wife – your father's offspring – she is your sister; you shall not uncover her nakedness. | sister: standing for a half-sister, with a different mother. |
| Lev 18:12 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה שְׁאֵ֥ר אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's sister: she is your father's kin. | |
| Lev 18:13 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחֽוֹת־אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּֽי־שְׁאֵ֥ר אִמְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother's sister, for she is your mother's kin. | |
| Lev 18:14 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחִֽי־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶל־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב דֹּדָֽתְךָ֖ הִֽוא׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father's brother; you shall not approach his wife: she is your aunt. | |
| Lev 18:15 | עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֵ֤שֶׁת בִּנְךָ֙ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law: she is your son's wife; you shall not uncover her nakedness. | |
| Lev 18:16 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ ס | You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother's wife: it is your brother's nakedness. | |
| Lev 18:17 | עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ שַׁאֲרָ֥ה הֵ֖נָּה זִמָּ֥ה הִֽוא | You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, nor will you take her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter to uncover her nakedness: they are her kin; it is lewdness. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Lev 18:18 | וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃ | And you will not take a woman to wife in addition to her sister, which would cause strife in uncovering her nakedness as well as the first one's, while she is still alive. | in uncovering: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 18:19 | וְאֶל־אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ | And you will not approach a woman in her time of being set apart for her menstrual impurity, uncovering her nakedness. | uncovering ← to uncover. |
| Lev 18:20 | וְאֶל־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע לְטָמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃ | And you shall not lie in intercourse with your fellow citizen's wife, so being defiled by her. | lie in intercourse with ← give your lying for seed to. |
| Lev 18:21 | וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And you shall not let any of your seed impregnate prostitutes of Molech, and you shall not profane the name of your God. I am the Lord. |
impregnate prostitutes of: compare Job 21:10 (verb in piel there). [BDB] and AV translate pass through (fire), which is possible, but out of context here and in Lev 20:5. So AV differs.
Molech ← the Molech, and similarly throughout Leviticus. |
| Lev 18:22 | וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ | You shall not lie with a male as in the act of lying with a woman. It is an abomination. | act ← acts. |
| Lev 18:23 | וּבְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֛ה לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה לֹֽא־תַעֲמֹ֞ד לִפְנֵ֧י בְהֵמָ֛ה לְרִבְעָ֖הּ תֶּ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃ | And you shall not let your intercourse be with any animal, so defiling yourself with it, and a woman shall not stand before an animal so that it copulates with her; it is a perversion. |
intercourse ← lying.
any ← every. perversion ← mixture, confusion. |
| Lev 18:24 | אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | Do not defile yourselves with any of these, for the Gentiles are defiled by all of these, whom I am casting out before you. | any ← all. |
| Lev 18:25 | וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃ | And the land is defiled, and I will visit it for its iniquity, and the land will vomit up its inhabitants. | I will visit it for its iniquity ← I will visit its iniquity on it. |
| Lev 18:26 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ | And you will keep my statutes and my regulations, and you will not commit any of these abominations – neither the native nor the foreigner who is living in your midst – | any ← all. |
| Lev 18:27 | כִּ֚י אֶת־כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | for the men of the land who were before you committed all these abominations, and the land has become defiled, | committed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 18:28 | וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | so that the land does not vomit you up for your defiling of it, as it vomited up the nation which was before you. | your defiling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 18:29 | כִּ֚י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃ | For as for anyone who commits any of the abominations, the individuals who commit them will be cut off from the midst of their people. |
anyone ← everyone.
any ← all. individuals ← souls. |
| Lev 18:30 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י לְבִלְתִּ֨י עֲשׂ֜וֹת מֵחֻקּ֤וֹת הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | And you will keep my charge not to engage in any abominable statutes which were committed before you, and you will not defile yourselves with them. I am the Lord your God.’ ” | |
| Lev 19:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 19:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֥ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם קְדֹשִׁ֣ים תִּהְי֑וּ כִּ֣י קָד֔וֹשׁ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | “Speak to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘You will be holy, for I, the Lord your God, am holy. | 1 Pet 1:16. |
| Lev 19:3 | אִ֣ישׁ אִמּ֤וֹ וְאָבִיו֙ תִּירָ֔אוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Every man shall fear his mother and his father, and you shall keep my Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God. | every man ← a man, but with a plural verb. The word often means each. |
| Lev 19:4 | אַל־תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלִילִ֔ים וֵֽאלֹהֵי֙ מַסֵּכָ֔ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Do not turn to idols, nor make yourselves cast gods. I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 19:5 | וְכִ֧י תִזְבְּח֛וּ זֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַיהוָ֑ה לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ׃ | And if you offer a peace-sacrifice to the Lord, you will offer it for your acceptance. |
offer (2x) ← sacrifice.
a peace-sacrifice ← a sacrifice of “peaces”. for your acceptance: objective, with [CB], for acceptance of you; or subjective, with AV, of your goodwill. So AV differs. |
| Lev 19:6 | בְּי֧וֹם זִבְחֲכֶ֛ם יֵאָכֵ֖ל וּמִֽמָּחֳרָ֑ת וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ עַד־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ | It will be eaten on the day of your sacrifice, and on the next day. Then what remains up to the third day will be burned with fire. | the third day: compare Lev 7:17. |
| Lev 19:7 | וְאִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י פִּגּ֥וּל ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה׃ | And if it is eaten at all on the third day, it is a foul thing – it will not be accepted. | is eaten at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 19:8 | וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א כִּֽי־אֶת־קֹ֥דֶשׁ יְהוָ֖ה חִלֵּ֑ל וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ | And he who eats it will bear his iniquity, for he has profaned the holiness of the Lord, and that person will be cut off from his people. |
it ← them, referring to peace-sacrifice(s).
person ... his ← soul ... its. people ← peoples. |
| Lev 19:9 | וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ לִקְצֹ֑ר וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט׃ | And when you reap the harvest of your land, you will not completely reap the corners of your field, and you will not glean gleanings of your harvest. | completely reap the corners of your field ← complete the corner of your field in reaping. |
| Lev 19:10 | וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעוֹלֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will not re-harvest your vineyard, and you will not glean fallen fruit of your vineyard; you will leave them for the poor and for the foreigner. I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 19:11 | לֹ֖א תִּגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁ֥וּ וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּר֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ | You will not steal, and you will not deceive, and you will not lie to one another. | to one another ← a man against his compatriot. |
| Lev 19:12 | וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ֛ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And you will not swear in my name falsely, so profaning the name of your God. I am the Lord. |
Matt 5:33.
so profaning ← and you (would) profane. AV differs (neither shalt thou profane), introducing another prohibition. |
| Lev 19:13 | לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | You shall not defraud your neighbour, and you will not plunder him, and you will not keep the wages of a hired labourer with you until the morning. | you will not keep the wages: or, with AV, taking תָּלִין as qal rather than hiphil, the wages shall not pass the night. So AV differs somewhat. |
| Lev 19:14 | לֹא־תְקַלֵּ֣ל חֵרֵ֔שׁ וְלִפְנֵ֣י עִוֵּ֔ר לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן מִכְשֹׁ֑ל וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | You shall not curse the deaf, and you shall not put a stumbling block before the blind. And you will fear your God. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 19:15 | לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֙וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ׃ | You shall not commit injustice in judgment; you shall not show partiality before the poor, nor shall you show honour before the great; you shall judge your fellow citizen in righteousness. | show partiality before ← lift the face of. |
| Lev 19:16 | לֹא־תֵלֵ֤ךְ רָכִיל֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־דַּ֣ם רֵעֶ֑ךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | You shall not go around slandering among your people. You shall not threaten to draw your neighbour's blood. I am the Lord. |
people ← peoples.
threaten to draw your neighbour's blood ← take a stand against the blood of your neighbour. |
| Lev 19:17 | לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא׃ | You shall not hate your brother in your heart, you will certainly reprove your fellow citizen, and you will not countenance him in sin. | certainly reprove: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 19:18 | לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | You will not take revenge, and you will not bear a grudge against the sons of your people, and you shall love your neighbour as yourself. I am the Lord. |
Matt 5:43, Matt 19:19, Matt 22:39, Mark 12:31, Mark 12:33, Luke 10:27, Rom 13:9, Gal 5:14, James 2:8.
bear a grudge against ← keep (anger implied), as in Ps 103:9, Jer 3:5. |
| Lev 19:19 | אֶֽת־חֻקֹּתַי֮ תִּשְׁמֹרוּ֒ בְּהֶמְתְּךָ֙ לֹא־תַרְבִּ֣יעַ כִּלְאַ֔יִם שָׂדְךָ֖ לֹא־תִזְרַ֣ע כִּלְאָ֑יִם וּבֶ֤גֶד כִּלְאַ֙יִם֙ שַֽׁעַטְנֵ֔ז לֹ֥א יַעֲלֶ֖ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ פ | You shall keep my statutes; you shall not breed your cattle across species; you shall not sow your field with diverse species, and no garment of diverse interwoven threads will come on you. | |
| Lev 19:20 | וְ֠אִישׁ כִּֽי־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֗רַע וְהִ֤וא שִׁפְחָה֙ נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־לָ֑הּ בִּקֹּ֧רֶת תִּהְיֶ֛ה לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ כִּי־לֹ֥א חֻפָּֽשָׁה׃ | And if a man lies in intercourse with a woman who is a bondmaid acquired for a man, and she has not been redeemed at all and no freedom has been granted to her, then they will be scourged. They shall not be put to death, for she has not been made free. |
lies in intercourse ← lies a lying of seed.
acquired for: AV differs somewhat, betrothed to. been redeemed at all: with a rare hophal infinitive absolute. they will be scourged ← a scourging will come to pass. |
| Lev 19:21 | וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם׃ | And he will bring his guilt-offering to the Lord, to the entrance of the tent of contact – the ram of a guilt-offering. | |
| Lev 19:22 | וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן בְּאֵ֤יל הָֽאָשָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עַל־חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֔וֹ מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ פ | And the priest will atone for him with the ram of the guilt-offering before the Lord for his sin which he committed, and his sin which he committed will be forgiven him. | committed (2x) ← sinned. |
| Lev 19:23 | וְכִי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ וּנְטַעְתֶּם֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ מַאֲכָ֔ל וַעֲרַלְתֶּ֥ם עָרְלָת֖וֹ אֶת־פִּרְי֑וֹ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם עֲרֵלִ֖ים לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃ | And when you go into the land, you will plant all kinds of trees for food, but you will regard their fruit as uncircumcised – you will wait three years during which they will be uncircumcised to you and not eaten. |
trees ... their ... they ← tree ... its ... it. Collective usage.
regard ... as uncircumcised ← regard its foreskin as uncircumcised. wait ← have. |
| Lev 19:24 | וּבַשָּׁנָה֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔ת יִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־פִּרְי֑וֹ קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִלּוּלִ֖ים לַיהוָֽה׃ | But in the fourth year all their fruit will be a holy object of praise to the Lord. |
their ← its.
holy object of praise ← holiness of praises, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 19:25 | וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַחֲמִישִׁ֗ת תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ אֶת־פִּרְי֔וֹ לְהוֹסִ֥יף לָכֶ֖ם תְּבוּאָת֑וֹ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And in the fifth year you will eat its fruit, and it will increase its produce to you. I am the Lord your God. | and it will increase ← to increase, the infinitive construct perhaps standing for the finite verb (common with the infinitive absolute). |
| Lev 19:26 | לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּ עַל־הַדָּ֑ם לֹ֥א תְנַחֲשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תְעוֹנֵֽנוּ׃ | You shall not eat it with blood; you shall not use enchantment, and you shall not divine by clouds. | divine by clouds: AV differs somewhat (observe times), missing the lexical connection with clouds. |
| Lev 19:27 | לֹ֣א תַקִּ֔פוּ פְּאַ֖ת רֹאשְׁכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁחִ֔ית אֵ֖ת פְּאַ֥ת זְקָנֶֽךָ׃ | You shall not cut round the sides of your head, and you shall not spoil the sides of your beard. |
cut round ← go round.
sides (2x) ← side. |
| Lev 19:28 | וְשֶׂ֣רֶט לָנֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וּכְתֹ֣בֶת קַֽעֲקַ֔ע לֹ֥א תִתְּנ֖וּ בָּכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | And you shall not make a cutting in your flesh for the soul, and you shall not put an incised mark on yourselves. I am the Lord. |
the soul: AV differs (for the dead), expanded on by [CB], which interprets as a dead soul.
incised mark ← engraving of a mark cut into the skin. NH קַעֲקַע = tattoo. |
| Lev 19:29 | אַל־תְּחַלֵּ֥ל אֶֽת־בִּתְּךָ֖ לְהַזְנוֹתָ֑הּ וְלֹא־תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה׃ | Do not profane your daughter by letting her become a prostitute, and do not let the land fall into whoredom, whereby the land would be full of lewdness. | by letting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 19:30 | אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י תִּירָ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | Keep my Sabbaths, and fear my sanctuary. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 19:31 | אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Do not turn to the soothsayers, and do not seek wizards, whereby you would be defiled by them. I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 19:32 | מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | You shall rise before the aged, and respect the old, and you will fear your God. I am the Lord. |
the aged ← grey hair.
respect ← respect the face of. |
| Lev 19:33 | וְכִֽי־יָג֧וּר אִתְּךָ֛ גֵּ֖ר בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תוֹנ֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And if a foreigner is resident in your land, you shall not oppress him. | |
| Lev 19:34 | כְּאֶזְרָ֣ח מִכֶּם֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם הַגֵּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֗ם וְאָהַבְתָּ֥ לוֹ֙ כָּמ֔וֹךָ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | The foreigner resident among you will be as a native among you, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. | among ← from. |
| Lev 19:35 | לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה׃ | Do not commit injustice in judgment, or in dry measure, in weights or in liquid measure. | |
| Lev 19:36 | מֹ֧אזְנֵי צֶ֣דֶק אַבְנֵי־צֶ֗דֶק אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah and a just hin. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Lev 19:37 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And you will keep all my statutes and all my regulations, and you will do them. I am the Lord.’ ” | |
| Lev 20:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 20:2 | וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל תֹּאמַר֒ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבְּנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן מִזַּרְע֛וֹ לַמֹּ֖לֶךְ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת עַ֥ם הָאָ֖רֶץ יִרְגְּמֻ֥הוּ בָאָֽבֶן׃ | “And to the sons of Israel you will say, ‘Any man of the sons of Israel or of the foreigners who are dwelling in Israel who gives any of his seed to Molech will certainly be put to death. The people of the land will stone him. |
any man ← a man, a man.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. stone him ← “boulder” him with stone. Not the same word as in Deut 13:10 (Deut 13:9AV). |
| Lev 20:3 | וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃ | And I will set my face against that man, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people, because he has given some of his seed to Molech, so as to defile my sanctuary and to profane my holy name. | my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 20:4 | וְאִ֡ם הַעְלֵ֣ם יַעְלִימֽוּ֩ עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ מִן־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא בְּתִתּ֥וֹ מִזַּרְע֖וֹ לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הָמִ֥ית אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And if the people of the land turn a blind eye to that man when he gives his seed to Molech, so that they do not put him to death, | turn a blind eye to ← conceal their eyes from, with an infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:5 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י אֲנִ֧י אֶת־פָּנַ֛י בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא וּבְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹ וְהִכְרַתִּ֨י אֹת֜וֹ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־הַזֹּנִ֣ים אַחֲרָ֗יו לִזְנ֛וֹת אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמֹּ֖לֶךְ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃ | then I will set my face against that man and his family, and I will cut him off, and all those libertines who follow him in committing prostitution in following the practices of Molech, from the midst of their people. | in committing prostitution: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 20:6 | וְהַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּפְנֶ֤ה אֶל־הָֽאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים לִזְנ֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בַּנֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַהִ֔וא וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ׃ | And as for any person who turns to the soothsayers or the wizards, to go whoring after them, I will set my face against that person, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people. |
person (2x) ← soul.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Lev 20:7 | וְהִ֨תְקַדִּשְׁתֶּ֔ם וִהְיִיתֶ֖ם קְדֹשִׁ֑ים כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will sanctify yourselves, and you will be holy, for I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 20:8 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And you will keep my statutes, and you will do them. I am the Lord who sanctifies you. | |
| Lev 20:9 | כִּֽי־אִ֣ישׁ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְקַלֵּ֧ל אֶת־אָבִ֛יו וְאֶת־אִמּ֖וֹ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת אָבִ֧יו וְאִמּ֛וֹ קִלֵּ֖ל דָּמָ֥יו בּֽוֹ׃ | For any man who curses his father or his mother will certainly be put to death. He has cursed his father or his mother; his blood will be upon him. |
any man ← a man, a man.
or (2x): disjunctive use of the vav. will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. blood ← bloods. |
| Lev 20:10 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנְאַף֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנְאַ֖ף אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַנֹּאֵ֖ף וְהַנֹּאָֽפֶת׃ | And as for a man who commits adultery with the wife of a man – who commits adultery with the wife of his neighbour – the adulterer and adulteress will certainly be put to death. | will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:11 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יו גִּלָּ֑ה מֽוֹת־יוּמְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃ | And a man who sleeps with his father's wife has uncovered the nakedness of his father. The two of them will certainly be put to death; their blood will be upon them. |
This verse offers light on Gen 9:22.
sleeps ← lies. will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:12 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־כַּלָּת֔וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמְת֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃ | And as for a man who sleeps with his daughter-in-law, the two of them will certainly be put to death; they have committed a perversion. Their blood will be upon them. |
sleeps ← lies.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. perversion ← mixture, confusion. |
| Lev 20:13 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃ | And as for a man who lies with a male as in the act of lying with a woman, they have both committed an abomination. They will certainly be put to death; their blood will be upon them. | they will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:14 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקַּ֧ח אֶת־אִשָּׁ֛ה וְאֶת־אִמָּ֖הּ זִמָּ֣ה הִ֑וא בָּאֵ֞שׁ יִשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ וְאֶתְהֶ֔ן וְלֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה זִמָּ֖ה בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ | And if a man takes a wife and her mother, it is lewdness; they will burn him and them with fire, so that there will be no lewdness in your midst. | |
| Lev 20:15 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן שְׁכָבְתּ֛וֹ בִּבְהֵמָ֖ה מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה תַּהֲרֹֽגוּ׃ | A man who lies with an animal will certainly be put to death, and you will kill the animal. |
lies with ← gives / puts his lying with.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:16 | וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּקְרַ֤ב אֶל־כָּל־בְּהֵמָה֙ לְרִבְעָ֣ה אֹתָ֔הּ וְהָרַגְתָּ֥ אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃ | And if any woman approaches any animal so that it copulates with her, then you will kill the woman and the animal. They will certainly be put to death; their blood will be upon them. |
any ← every.
they will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 20:17 | וְאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחֹת֡וֹ בַּת־אָבִ֣יו א֣וֹ בַת־אִ֠מּוֹ וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ חֶ֣סֶד ה֔וּא וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמָּ֑ם עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה עֲוֺנ֥וֹ יִשָּֽׂא׃ | And if a man takes his sister – the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother – and sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace, and they will be cut off in the sight of the sons of their people, for he has uncovered the nakedness of his sister; he will bear his iniquity. | |
| Lev 20:18 | וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה וְגִלָּ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָהּ֙ אֶת־מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃ | And if a man lies with a woman ailing in her menstrual sickness, and he uncovers her nakedness, he has exposed her source of bleeding, and she has uncovered the source of her bleeding, and the two of them will be cut off from their people. | from ← from the midst of. |
| Lev 20:19 | וְעֶרְוַ֨ת אֲח֧וֹת אִמְּךָ֛ וַאֲח֥וֹת אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּ֧י אֶת־שְׁאֵר֛וֹ הֶעֱרָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ׃ | And you will not uncover the nakedness of your mother's sister or your father's sister, for he would be making his kin bare; they will bear their iniquity. | |
| Lev 20:20 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־דֹּ֣דָת֔וֹ עֶרְוַ֥ת דֹּד֖וֹ גִּלָּ֑ה חֶטְאָ֥ם יִשָּׂ֖אוּ עֲרִירִ֥ים יָמֻֽתוּ׃ | And any man who sleeps with his aunt-in-law has uncovered his uncle's nakedness; they will bear their sin; they will die childless. | |
| Lev 20:21 | וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יו נִדָּ֣ה הִ֑וא עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֛יו גִּלָּ֖ה עֲרִירִ֥ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And any man who takes his brother's wife – it is an unclean thing – he has uncovered his brother's nakedness; they will be childless. | |
| Lev 20:22 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־תָקִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּה לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽהּ׃ | And you shall keep all my statutes and all my regulations, and you will do them, so that the land, which I am bringing you to, to inhabit it, does not vomit you up. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Lev 20:23 | וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקֹּ֣ת הַגּ֔וֹי אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֤י אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשׂ֔וּ וָאָקֻ֖ץ בָּֽם׃ | And do not walk in the statutes of the people whom I am driving out before you, for they do all these things, and I abhor them. | driving out ← sending, dismissing, but also casting out. |
| Lev 20:24 | וָאֹמַ֣ר לָכֶ֗ם אַתֶּם֮ תִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַדְמָתָם֒ וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לָכֶם֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֹתָ֔הּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִבְדַּ֥לְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָֽעַמִּֽים׃ | And I said to you, «You will inherit their land, and I will give it to you, to inherit it, a land flowing with milk and honey.» I am the Lord your God, who separated you from the various peoples. |
land ← ground.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Lev 20:25 | וְהִבְדַּלְתֶּ֞ם בֵּֽין־הַבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּהֹרָה֙ לַטְּמֵאָ֔ה וּבֵין־הָע֥וֹף הַטָּמֵ֖א לַטָּהֹ֑ר וְלֹֽא־תְשַׁקְּצ֨וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֜ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֣ה וּבָע֗וֹף וּבְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּרְמֹ֣שׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִבְדַּ֥לְתִּי לָכֶ֖ם לְטַמֵּֽא׃ | And you will make a distinction between clean animals and unclean ones, and between unclean birds and clean ones, and you will not make yourselves abominable with animals or birds or with anything that creeps on the earth, which I have divided off for you to regard as unclean. |
make a distinction ← divide.
yourselves ← your souls. anything ← everything. to regard as unclean: the verb is piel, but AV differs (as unclean), as do many others, translating as if qal or an adjective. |
| Lev 20:26 | וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לִי֙ קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וָאַבְדִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִן־הָֽעַמִּ֖ים לִהְי֥וֹת לִֽי׃ | And you will be holy to me, for I, the Lord, am holy, and I have separated you from the various peoples to be mine. | |
| Lev 20:27 | וְאִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם א֛וֹב א֥וֹ יִדְּעֹנִ֖י מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑תוּ בָּאֶ֛בֶן יִרְגְּמ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃ פ | And any man or woman among them who is a soothsayer or wizard will certainly be put to death. They will stone them; their blood will be upon them.’ ” |
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute.
stone: see Lev 20:2. |
| Lev 21:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ לֹֽא־יִטַּמָּ֖א בְּעַמָּֽיו׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them, ‘No-one shall defile himself by a dead person among his people, |
dead person ← soul.
people ← peoples. |
| Lev 21:2 | כִּ֚י אִם־לִשְׁאֵר֔וֹ הַקָּרֹ֖ב אֵלָ֑יו לְאִמּ֣וֹ וּלְאָבִ֔יו וְלִבְנ֥וֹ וּלְבִתּ֖וֹ וּלְאָחִֽיו׃ | except by his kin, closely related to him, by his mother and his father, and by his son and by his daughter and by his brother, | |
| Lev 21:3 | וְלַאֲחֹת֤וֹ הַבְּתוּלָה֙ הַקְּרוֹבָ֣ה אֵלָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָיְתָ֖ה לְאִ֑ישׁ לָ֖הּ יִטַּמָּֽא׃ | and by his virgin sister, closely related to him, who has not had a husband; by her he may be defiled. | husband ← man. |
| Lev 21:4 | לֹ֥א יִטַּמָּ֖א בַּ֣עַל בְּעַמָּ֑יו לְהֵ֖חַלּֽוֹ׃ | A master of his people shall not defile himself, so as to profane himself. | people ← peoples. |
| Lev 21:5 | לֹֽא־*יקרחה **יִקְרְח֤וּ קָרְחָה֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֔ם וּפְאַ֥ת זְקָנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ וּבִ֨בְשָׂרָ֔ם לֹ֥א יִשְׂרְט֖וּ שָׂרָֽטֶת׃ | {Q: They shall not shave themselves} [K: Do not let him shave himself] bald on their head, and they shall not shave the corner of their beard, and they shall not make any incision in their flesh. | make ← incise. |
| Lev 21:6 | קְדֹשִׁ֤ים יִהְיוּ֙ לֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ שֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּי֩ אֶת־אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֶ֧חֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֛ם הֵ֥ם מַקְרִיבִ֖ם וְהָ֥יוּ קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | They shall be holy to their God, and they shall not profane the name of their God, for they offer the Lord's fire-offerings – the bread of their God – and they shall be holy. | holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 21:7 | אִשָּׁ֨ה זֹנָ֤ה וַחֲלָלָה֙ לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔חוּ וְאִשָּׁ֛ה גְּרוּשָׁ֥ה מֵאִישָׁ֖הּ לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑חוּ כִּֽי־קָדֹ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לֵאלֹהָֽיו׃ | They shall not take a prostitute or a profane woman to wife; they shall not take a woman who has been divorced from her husband, for he is holy to his God. | divorced: or cast out. Not the same word as in Jer 3:1. |
| Lev 21:8 | וְקִדַּשְׁתּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־אֶת־לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֑יב קָדֹשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י קָד֔וֹשׁ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And you will sanctify him, for he offers your God's bread. He will be holy to you, for I, the Lord, who am sanctifying you, am holy. | |
| Lev 21:9 | וּבַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ כֹּהֵ֔ן כִּ֥י תֵחֵ֖ל לִזְנ֑וֹת אֶת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ הִ֣יא מְחַלֶּ֔לֶת בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃ ס | And as for the daughter of a man who is a priest, if she profanes herself by committing whoredom, she is profaning her father; she will be burned by fire. | by committing whoredom: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Lev 21:10 | וְהַכֹּהֵן֩ הַגָּד֨וֹל מֵאֶחָ֜יו אֲֽשֶׁר־יוּצַ֥ק עַל־רֹאשׁ֣וֹ ׀ שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ וּמִלֵּ֣א אֶת־יָד֔וֹ לִלְבֹּ֖שׁ אֶת־הַבְּגָדִ֑ים אֶת־רֹאשׁוֹ֙ לֹ֣א יִפְרָ֔ע וּבְגָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִפְרֹֽם׃ | And as for the high priest among his brothers on whose head anointing oil is poured, and whom he consecrated to wear the garments, he shall not lay his head bare, and he shall not rip the seam of his clothes. |
among ← from.
consecrated ← filled his hand. |
| Lev 21:11 | וְעַ֛ל כָּל־נַפְשֹׁ֥ת מֵ֖ת לֹ֣א יָבֹ֑א לְאָבִ֥יו וּלְאִמּ֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִטַּמָּֽא׃ | And he will not go to any dead person. He shall not defile himself with his father or mother. |
any ← every.
dead person ← souls of (one) dead or dying. |
| Lev 21:12 | וּמִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א וְלֹ֣א יְחַלֵּ֔ל אֵ֖ת מִקְדַּ֣שׁ אֱלֹהָ֑יו כִּ֡י נֵ֠זֶר שֶׁ֣מֶן מִשְׁחַ֧ת אֱלֹהָ֛יו עָלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he shall not go out of the sanctuary, and he shall not profane the sanctuary of his God, for the consecration of the anointing oil of his God is upon him. I am the Lord. | consecration: or separation, or, with AV and as in Ex 39:30, crown. So AV differs. |
| Lev 21:13 | וְה֕וּא אִשָּׁ֥ה בִבְתוּלֶ֖יהָ יִקָּֽח׃ | And he shall take a wife who is in her virginity. | |
| Lev 21:14 | אַלְמָנָ֤ה וּגְרוּשָׁה֙ וַחֲלָלָ֣ה זֹנָ֔ה אֶת־אֵ֖לֶּה לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑ח כִּ֛י אִם־בְּתוּלָ֥ה מֵעַמָּ֖יו יִקַּ֥ח אִשָּֽׁה׃ | As for a widow, or a divorced woman or a profane prostitute, he will not take any of these, but he will take to wife a virgin from his people. |
divorced: as in Lev 21:7.
people ← peoples. |
| Lev 21:15 | וְלֹֽא־יְחַלֵּ֥ל זַרְע֖וֹ בְּעַמָּ֑יו כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃ פ | And he will not profane his seed among his people, for I am the Lord who sanctifies him.’ ” | people ← peoples. |
| Lev 21:16 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 21:17 | דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֞ לְדֹרֹתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בוֹ֙ מ֔וּם לֹ֣א יִקְרַ֔ב לְהַקְרִ֖יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | “Speak to Aaron and say, ‘Any man of your seed in their generations who has a blemish shall not approach to offer the bread of his God. | |
| Lev 21:18 | כִּ֥י כָל־אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֥וֹ מ֖וּם לֹ֣א יִקְרָ֑ב אִ֤ישׁ עִוֵּר֙ א֣וֹ פִסֵּ֔חַ א֥וֹ חָרֻ֖ם א֥וֹ שָׂרֽוּעַ׃ | For no man who has a blemish shall approach, neither a blind man, nor a lame man, nor a man mutilated in the nose, nor with an overgrown body part, | no man ← every man ... (shall) not. |
| Lev 21:19 | א֣וֹ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ שֶׁ֣בֶר רָ֑גֶל א֖וֹ שֶׁ֥בֶר יָֽד׃ | nor a man who has a fracture in the foot or a fracture in the hand, | |
| Lev 21:20 | אֽוֹ־גִבֵּ֣ן אוֹ־דַ֔ק א֖וֹ תְּבַלֻּ֣ל בְּעֵינ֑וֹ א֤וֹ גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת א֖וֹ מְר֥וֹחַ אָֽשֶׁךְ׃ | nor anyone hunchbacked, or emaciated, or with cataracts in his eye, or scurvy or scabby or with crushed testicles. | emaciated: AV differs somewhat (a dwarf). |
| Lev 21:21 | כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ מ֗וּם מִזֶּ֙רַע֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן לֹ֣א יִגַּ֔שׁ לְהַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ אֵ֚ת לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ לְהַקְרִֽיב׃ | No man of the seed of Aaron the priest who has a blemish shall approach to offer the Lord's fire-offerings: he has a blemish; he shall not approach to offer the bread of his God. | no ← every ... not. |
| Lev 21:22 | לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּמִן־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים יֹאכֵֽל׃ | He may eat the bread of his God, of the holy of holies, and of the holy things, | |
| Lev 21:23 | אַ֣ךְ אֶל־הַפָּרֹ֜כֶת לֹ֣א יָבֹ֗א וְאֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ כִּֽי־מ֣וּם בּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א יְחַלֵּל֙ אֶת־מִקְדָּשַׁ֔י כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ | but he will not go to the veil, and he will not approach the altar, for he has a blemish, and he must not profane my sacred places, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.’ ” | |
| Lev 21:24 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֑יו וְאֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then Moses spoke to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel. | |
| Lev 22:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 22:2 | דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְיִנָּֽזְרוּ֙ מִקָּדְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א יְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵ֧ם מַקְדִּשִׁ֛ים לִ֖י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | “Speak to Aaron and to his sons, and tell them that they should separate themselves from the holy things of the sons of Israel, and not profane my holy name, inasmuch as they are sanctifying things to me. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 22:3 | אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם לְדֹרֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרַ֣ב מִכָּל־זַרְעֲכֶ֗ם אֶל־הַקֳּדָשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְדִּ֤ישׁוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַהִ֛וא מִלְּפָנַ֖י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Say to them, ‘In your generations, every man of any of your seed who is in an unclean state, who approaches the holy things which the sons of Israel are sanctifying to the Lord, that person will be cut off from my presence. I am the Lord. |
any ← all.
who is in an unclean state ← and his uncleanness (is) upon him. person ← soul. |
| Lev 22:4 | אִ֣ישׁ אִ֞ישׁ מִזֶּ֣רַע אַהֲרֹ֗ן וְה֤וּא צָר֙וּעַ֙ א֣וֹ זָ֔ב בַּקֳּדָשִׁים֙ לֹ֣א יֹאכַ֔ל עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְהָ֑ר וְהַנֹּגֵ֙עַ֙ בְּכָל־טְמֵא־נֶ֔פֶשׁ א֣וֹ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שִׁכְבַת־זָֽרַע׃ | Any man of the seed of Aaron who is leprous or with a discharge shall not eat in the holy places until he is clean, and whoever touches any person who is unclean, or a man from whom semen is emitted, |
any man ← a man, a man.
any ← every. person who is unclean ← is unclean of soul. AV differs (thing ... unclean (by) the dead), also possible. semen ← lying of seed. |
| Lev 22:5 | אוֹ־אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגַּ֔ע בְּכָל־שֶׁ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ל֑וֹ א֤וֹ בְאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ל֔וֹ לְכֹ֖ל טֻמְאָתֽוֹ׃ | or a man who touches any reptile by which one is defiled, or a man by whom he is defiled – by any uncleanness of his – | any (2x) ← every. |
| Lev 22:6 | נֶ֚פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע־בּ֔וֹ וְטָמְאָ֖ה עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְלֹ֤א יֹאכַל֙ מִן־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֛י אִם־רָחַ֥ץ בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | the person who has touched him will be unclean until the evening, and he will not eat of the holy things, but he will wash his body with water. |
the person ← a soul.
but ← but rather. AV differs (unless), but inappropriate here; see next verse. body ← flesh. |
| Lev 22:7 | וּבָ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וְטָהֵ֑ר וְאַחַר֙ יֹאכַ֣ל מִן־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י לַחְמ֖וֹ הֽוּא׃ | And when the sun has set, he will be clean, and after that he will partake of the holy things, for it is his bread. |
partake of ← eat from.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. This applies throughout the chapter and more widely. |
| Lev 22:8 | נְבֵלָ֧ה וּטְרֵפָ֛ה לֹ֥א יֹאכַ֖ל לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | He shall not eat from a carcase or savaged animal, which would defile him. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 22:9 | וְשָׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֤וּ עָלָיו֙ חֵ֔טְא וּמֵ֥תוּ ב֖וֹ כִּ֣י יְחַלְּלֻ֑הוּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ | And they will keep my charge, so as not to bear sin on its account, and they will die in it if they have profaned it. I am the Lord who sanctifies them. | |
| Lev 22:10 | וְכָל־זָ֖ר לֹא־יֹ֣אכַל קֹ֑דֶשׁ תּוֹשַׁ֥ב כֹּהֵ֛ן וְשָׂכִ֖יר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And no foreigner will eat any holy thing; no resident with the priest, nor a hired labourer will eat any holy thing. |
no ... will eat ← every ... will not.
with ← of. Wider use of the construct state. holy thing ← holiness. Also in the rest of this chapter. |
| Lev 22:11 | וְכֹהֵ֗ן כִּֽי־יִקְנֶ֥ה נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ קִנְיַ֣ן כַּסְפּ֔וֹ ה֖וּא יֹ֣אכַל בּ֑וֹ וִילִ֣יד בֵּית֔וֹ הֵ֖ם יֹאכְל֥וּ בְלַחְמֽוֹ׃ | But if a priest buys a person as a purchase with his own money, that person may eat of it, as may anyone born in his house; they may partake of his bread. |
a person ← soul.
that person ← he. |
| Lev 22:12 | וּבַת־כֹּהֵ֔ן כִּ֥י תִהְיֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר הִ֕וא בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃ | Neither will a priest's daughter, if she is wife to a foreigner, partake of the heave-offering of the holy things. | |
| Lev 22:13 | וּבַת־כֹּהֵן֩ כִּ֨י תִהְיֶ֜ה אַלְמָנָ֣ה וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה וְזֶרַע֮ אֵ֣ין לָהּ֒ וְשָׁבָ֞ה אֶל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִ֙יהָ֙ כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ מִלֶּ֥חֶם אָבִ֖יהָ תֹּאכֵ֑ל וְכָל־זָ֖ר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ ס | And as for the daughter of a priest who becomes a widow or is divorced, and has no offspring, she will return to the house of her father, as in her youth. She will partake of her father's bread, and no foreigner will eat it. |
divorced: as in Lev 21:7.
offspring ← seed. no ... will ← not every ... will. |
| Lev 22:14 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי־יֹאכַ֥ל קֹ֖דֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְיָסַ֤ף חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְנָתַ֥ן לַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And if a man eats a holy thing in ignorance, then he will add one fifth to it, and he will give the holy thing to the priest. | give the holy thing: AV differs (give it with the holy thing). |
| Lev 22:15 | וְלֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ אֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יָרִ֖ימוּ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And they will not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel which they heave to the Lord. | |
| Lev 22:16 | וְהִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה בְּאָכְלָ֖ם אֶת־קָדְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ פ | Nor shall they cause them to bear iniquity, entailing guilt, which they would incur if they were to eat their holy things, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.’ ” |
nor: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6.
entailing ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Lev 22:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 22:18 | דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ לְכָל־נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ וּלְכָל־נִדְבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ | “Speak to Aaron and to his sons, and to all the sons of Israel, and say to them, ‘Any man of the house of Israel or of foreign residents in Israel who offers his oblation according to all their vows, or according to all their freewill-offerings which they make to the Lord as a burnt offering, |
any man ← a man, a man.
make ← offer. |
| Lev 22:19 | לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם תָּמִ֣ים זָכָ֔ר בַּבָּקָ֕ר בַּכְּשָׂבִ֖ים וּבָֽעִזִּֽים׃ | let him offer for your acceptance, a male without blemish, among the oxen, lambs, or goats. |
for your acceptance: see Lev 19:5. AV differs here too.
without blemish ← perfect. or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Lev 22:20 | כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־בּ֥וֹ מ֖וּם לֹ֣א תַקְרִ֑יבוּ כִּי־לֹ֥א לְרָצ֖וֹן יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | You shall not offer any animal that has a blemish, for it will not be accepted on your behalf. |
any ← every.
accepted ← for acceptance. |
| Lev 22:21 | וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֤יב זֶֽבַח־שְׁלָמִים֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לְפַלֵּא־נֶ֙דֶר֙ א֣וֹ לִנְדָבָ֔ה בַּבָּקָ֖ר א֣וֹ בַצֹּ֑אן תָּמִ֤ים יִֽהְיֶה֙ לְרָצ֔וֹן כָּל־מ֖וּם לֹ֥א יִהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ׃ | And if a man offers a peace-sacrifice to the Lord, to fulfil a vow or as a freewill-offering, it will be an animal without blemish from the oxen or the sheep offered for acceptance; there will not be any blemish in it. |
without blemish ← perfect.
any ← every. |
| Lev 22:22 | עַוֶּרֶת֩ א֨וֹ שָׁב֜וּר אוֹ־חָר֣וּץ אֽוֹ־יַבֶּ֗לֶת א֤וֹ גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת לֹא־תַקְרִ֥יבוּ אֵ֖לֶּה לַיהוָ֑ה וְאִשֶּׁ֗ה לֹא־תִתְּנ֥וּ מֵהֶ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | As for animals suffering blindness, or which are fractured or lacerated, or which have a festering sore, or scurvy, or scabs – you will not offer these to the Lord, and you will not make a fire-offering of any of them to the Lord on the altar. | |
| Lev 22:23 | וְשׁ֥וֹר וָשֶׂ֖ה שָׂר֣וּעַ וְקָל֑וּט נְדָבָה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ וּלְנֵ֖דֶר לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה׃ | A bull or a lamb with anything overgrown or undergrown you may offer as a freewill-offering, but it will not be accepted for a vow. | offer ← do. |
| Lev 22:24 | וּמָע֤וּךְ וְכָתוּת֙ וְנָת֣וּק וְכָר֔וּת לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֖יבוּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וּֽבְאַרְצְכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And you will not offer to the Lord any animal that is bruised or crushed or castrated or with anything cut off, and you shall not offer it in your land. | offer ← do. |
| Lev 22:25 | וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃ פ | And you will not offer the bread of your God from the hand of a foreigner, with any of these offerings, for they are inherently defiled – there is a blemish in them. They will not be accepted for you.’ ” |
any ← all.
they are inherently defiled ← defilement (is) in them. |
| Lev 22:26 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 22:27 | שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֤שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵז֙ כִּ֣י יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְהָיָ֛ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת אִמּ֑וֹ וּמִיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי֙ וָהָ֔לְאָה יֵרָצֶ֕ה לְקָרְבַּ֥ן אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | “A bull or a lamb or a goat, when it is born, will be kept for seven days with its mother, but from the eighth day onwards it will be accepted as an oblation of a fire-offering to the Lord. | with ← under. |
| Lev 22:28 | וְשׁ֖וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֑ה אֹת֣וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנ֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִשְׁחֲט֖וּ בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ | And you shall not kill both a bull or a sheep and its young in one day. | |
| Lev 22:29 | וְכִֽי־תִזְבְּח֥וּ זֶֽבַח־תּוֹדָ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּֽחוּ׃ | And when you offer the sacrifice of a thank-offering to the Lord, you will make the sacrifice for your acceptance. |
offer ← sacrifice.
for your acceptance: see Lev 19:5. |
| Lev 22:30 | בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יֵאָכֵ֔ל לֹֽא־תוֹתִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֑קֶר אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | It must be eaten on that very day; you shall not leave any of it until the morning. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 22:31 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְוֺתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | And you shall keep my commandments, and you shall carry them out. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 22:32 | וְלֹ֤א תְחַלְּלוּ֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֔י וְנִ֨קְדַּשְׁתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And you will not profane my holy name, and I will be sanctified among the sons of Israel. I am the Lord who sanctifies you, | my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 22:33 | הַמּוֹצִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | who brought you out from the land of Egypt, to be God to you. I am the Lord.” | |
| Lev 23:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 23:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מוֹעֲדָֽי׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘The festival times of the Lord which you convoke – the holy convocations – these are my festival times. | holy convocations ← convocations of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 23:3 | שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | For six days work may be done, but on the seventh day it is a Sabbath of sabbatic observance – a holy convocation. You shall do no work; it is the Lord's Sabbath in all your dwellings. |
holy convocation ← convocation of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. Also elsewhere.
you shall do no work ← you shall not do all work. |
| Lev 23:4 | אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִקְרָאֵ֖י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בְּמוֹעֲדָֽם׃ | These are the Lord's festival times – the holy convocations which you will convoke at their appointed time. | |
| Lev 23:5 | בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם פֶּ֖סַח לַיהוָֽה׃ | In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, it is the Lord's Passover. | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Lev 23:6 | וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֥ג הַמַּצּ֖וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים מַצּ֥וֹת תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | And on the fifteenth day of this month it is the Lord's Festival of the Unleavened Bread. You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days. | |
| Lev 23:7 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | On the first day you will have a holy convocation; you shall not do any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind of work ← artisanry of work. |
| Lev 23:8 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה לַיהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ פ | And you will offer a fire-offering to the Lord for seven days, and on the seventh day there will be a holy convocation; you shall not do any kind of work.’ ” |
any ← every.
kind of work: see Lev 23:7. |
| Lev 23:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 23:10 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־קְצִירָ֑הּ וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֶת־עֹ֛מֶר רֵאשִׁ֥ית קְצִירְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, ‘When you come into the land which I am giving you, and you reap its harvest, then you will bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest. | first ← first (of its kind), a noun in apposition to sheaf. AV differs (firstfruits), but this is not the usual word, בִּכּוּרִים, which occurs in Lev 23:17. |
| Lev 23:11 | וְהֵנִ֧יף אֶת־הָעֹ֛מֶר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם מִֽמָּחֳרַת֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת יְנִיפֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And he will wave the sheaf before the Lord for your acceptance. On the day after the Sabbath the priest will wave it. | for your acceptance: see Lev 19:5. |
| Lev 23:12 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֕ם בְּי֥וֹם הֲנִֽיפְכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעֹ֑מֶר כֶּ֣בֶשׂ תָּמִ֧ים בֶּן־שְׁנָת֛וֹ לְעֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | And on the day when you wave the sheaf, you will carry out the sacrifice of a lamb without blemish, one-year-old, as a burnt offering to the Lord, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 23:13 | וּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכֹּ֥ה יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין׃ | and its meal-offering: two tenths of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with oil – a fire-offering to the Lord – a sweet fragrance, and its wine libation, a quarter of a hin. |
tenths of an ephah: see Lev 14:10.
its ... libation: with a feminine consonant hé and masculine vocalization. Compare Ex 22:4 (Ex 22:5AV). hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Lev 23:14 | וְלֶחֶם֩ וְקָלִ֨י וְכַרְמֶ֜ל לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֗וּ עַד־עֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עַ֚ד הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־קָרְבַּ֖ן אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | But you will not eat bread or parched corn, or fresh grain, until this very day – until you have brought the oblation to your God. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations in all your dwelling places. |
fresh grain ← (produce of) a choice plantation. See Lev 2:14.
oblation to ← oblation of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Lev 23:15 | וּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמָּחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מִיּוֹם֙ הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־עֹ֖מֶר הַתְּנוּפָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שַׁבָּת֖וֹת תְּמִימֹ֥ת תִּהְיֶֽינָה׃ | And you will keep count: from the day after the Sabbath, from the day you bring the sheaf for the wave-offering, there shall be seven complete Sabbaths. | keep count ← count to yourselves. |
| Lev 23:16 | עַ֣ד מִֽמָּחֳרַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת תִּסְפְּר֖וּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֛ם מִנְחָ֥ה חֲדָשָׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | Up to the day after the seventh Sabbath you will count fifty days, then you will offer a new meal-offering to the Lord. | new meal-offering: this is Pentecost / Shavuot. |
| Lev 23:17 | מִמּוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם תָּבִ֣יאּוּ ׀ לֶ֣חֶם תְּנוּפָ֗ה שְׁ֚תַּיִם שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה בִּכּוּרִ֖ים לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | You will bring from your dwelling places bread for the wave-offering – two loaves – two tenths of an ephah. They will be of fine flour; they will be baked with leaven; they are the firstfruits for the Lord. | tenths of an ephah: see Lev 14:10. |
| Lev 23:18 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם עַל־הַלֶּ֗חֶם שִׁבְעַ֨ת כְּבָשִׂ֤ים תְּמִימִם֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וּפַ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד וְאֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם יִהְי֤וּ עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָתָם֙ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And you will offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish, one-year-olds, and one bull-calf of the oxen, and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the Lord, with their meal-offerings and their libations. It is a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Lev 23:19 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּ֑את וּשְׁנֵ֧י כְבָשִׂ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָ֖ה לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִֽים׃ | And you will perform the sacrifice of one buck of the goats as a sin-offering, and two one-year-old lambs as a peace-sacrifice. | |
| Lev 23:20 | וְהֵנִ֣יף הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ אֹתָ֡ם עַל֩ לֶ֨חֶם הַבִּכּוּרִ֤ים תְּנוּפָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י כְּבָשִׂ֑ים קֹ֛דֶשׁ יִהְי֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And the priest will wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave-offering before the Lord, with the two lambs. They will be holy to the Lord for the priest. |
firstfruits: here, “firstgrains”.
holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 23:21 | וּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּעֶ֣צֶם ׀ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם בְּכָל־מוֹשְׁבֹ֥תֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And on this same day you will convoke the festival; you will have a holy convocation. You will do no kind of work. It is an age-abiding statute in all your dwelling places for your generations. |
no ← not ... every.
kind of work: see Lev 23:7. |
| Lev 23:22 | וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא־תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ בְּקֻצְרֶ֔ךָ וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִירְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | And when you reap the harvest of your land, you will not completely reap the corners of your field as you reap, and you will not glean gleanings of your harvest. You will leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.’ ” | corners ← corner. |
| Lev 23:23 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 23:24 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן זִכְר֥וֹן תְּרוּעָ֖ה מִקְרָא־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you will have a high Sabbath – a memorial of trumpet blowing – a holy convocation. | |
| Lev 23:25 | כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | You will do no kind of work, and you will offer a fire-offering to the Lord.’ ” |
no ← not ... every.
kind of work: see Lev 23:7. |
| Lev 23:26 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 23:27 | אַ֡ךְ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה י֧וֹם הַכִּפֻּרִ֣ים ה֗וּא מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | “Now on the tenth day of this seventh month it is the day of atonement. You will hold a holy convocation, and you will humble yourselves, and you will offer a fire-offering to the Lord. |
atonement ← atonements. Also elsewhere.
yourselves ← your souls. |
| Lev 23:28 | וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י י֤וֹם כִּפֻּרִים֙ ה֔וּא לְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will not do any work on this particular day, for it is the day of atonement to atone for you before the Lord your God. |
any ← all.
particular day ← day itself. |
| Lev 23:29 | כִּ֤י כָל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תְעֻנֶּ֔ה בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ | For any person who is not humbled on this particular day will be cut off from his people. |
any ← every.
person ... his people ← soul ... its peoples. |
| Lev 23:30 | וְכָל־הַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛י אֶת־הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃ | And as for any person who does any work on this particular day, I will eradicate that person from the midst of his people. |
any (2x) ← every.
person ... person ... his ← soul ... soul ... its. |
| Lev 23:31 | כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֹֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ | You shall not do any work. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations in all your dwelling places. | any ← all. |
| Lev 23:32 | שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד־עֶ֔רֶב תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם׃ פ | It is a Sabbath of sabbatic observance for you, and you will humble yourselves. On the ninth day of the month, in the evening, from evening to evening you will celebrate your Sabbath.” |
yourselves ← your souls.
you will celebrate your Sabbath ← you will “sabbath” your Sabbath. |
| Lev 23:33 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 23:34 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֧ג הַסֻּכּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים לַיהֹוָֽה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, it is the Festival of Tabernacles for seven days to the Lord. | Tabernacles ← booths. Not the same word as the one for the tabernacle. |
| Lev 23:35 | בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | On the first day there will be a holy convocation. You shall not do any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind of work: see Lev 23:7. |
| Lev 23:36 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֡י מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ עֲצֶ֣רֶת הִ֔וא כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | For seven days you will make a fire-offering to the Lord. On the eighth day you will hold a holy convocation, and you will offer a fire-offering to the Lord. It is a solemn assembly; you shall do no kind of work. |
no ← not every.
kind of work: see Lev 23:7. |
| Lev 23:37 | אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ לְהַקְרִ֨יב אִשֶּׁ֜ה לַיהוָ֗ה עֹלָ֧ה וּמִנְחָ֛ה זֶ֥בַח וּנְסָכִ֖ים דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | These are the Lord's festival times which you will convoke – holy convocations – to offer a fire-offering to the Lord: a burnt offering and a meal-offering, a sacrifice and libations, the duty of a day on its day, | |
| Lev 23:38 | מִלְּבַ֖ד שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת יְּהוָ֑ה וּמִלְּבַ֣ד מַתְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וּמִלְּבַ֤ד כָּל־נִדְרֵיכֶם֙ וּמִלְּבַד֙ כָּל־נִדְב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃ | besides the Lord's Sabbaths, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill-offerings which you give to the Lord. | |
| Lev 23:39 | אַ֡ךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת־תְּבוּאַ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֶת־חַג־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י שַׁבָּתֽוֹן׃ | But on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather the produce of the land, you will celebrate the Lord's festival for seven days; on the first day there will be a high Sabbath and on the eighth day there will be a high Sabbath. | |
| Lev 23:40 | וּלְקַחְתֶּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר֙ כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And on the first day, you will take for yourselves the firstfruit growth of a tree of honour: palm-branches, and a bough of a thick tree, and willows of the stream, and you will rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. |
firstfruit growth ← fruit. Not necessarily literal edible fruit, but standing for healthy growth. AV differs (boughs), perhaps reading a word from root פאר.
tree of honour: NH= citrus tree. |
| Lev 23:41 | וְחַגֹּתֶ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ חַ֣ג לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you will celebrate it as a festival to the Lord for seven days of the year. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations; you will celebrate it in the seventh month. | of the year ← in the year. |
| Lev 23:42 | בַּסֻּכֹּ֥ת תֵּשְׁב֖וּ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כָּל־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַּסֻּכֹּֽת׃ | You will dwell in tabernacles for seven days; every native in Israel will dwell in tabernacles, | tabernacles: see Lev 23:34. |
| Lev 23:43 | לְמַעַן֮ יֵדְע֣וּ דֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒ כִּ֣י בַסֻּכּ֗וֹת הוֹשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | so that your generations know that I made the sons of Israel dwell in tabernacles when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.’ ” | |
| Lev 23:44 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־מֹעֲדֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Moses related the festival times of the Lord to the sons of Israel. | |
| Lev 24:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 24:2 | צַ֞ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְיִקְח֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ שֶׁ֣מֶן זַ֥יִת זָ֛ךְ כָּתִ֖ית לַמָּא֑וֹר לְהַעֲלֹ֥ת נֵ֖ר תָּמִֽיד׃ | “Command the sons of Israel to bring to you pure beaten olive oil for the lamp, to have a lamp burn continually, | lamp ... lamp ← (the integral compound) lamp ... a lamp (burner). |
| Lev 24:3 | מִחוּץ֩ לְפָרֹ֨כֶת הָעֵדֻ֜ת בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד יַעֲרֹךְ֩ אֹת֨וֹ אַהֲרֹ֜ן מֵעֶ֧רֶב עַד־בֹּ֛קֶר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִ֑יד חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ | outside the veil of the testimony in the tent of contact. Aaron will set it up, to be from evening to morning before the Lord continually. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations. | |
| Lev 24:4 | עַ֚ל הַמְּנֹרָ֣ה הַטְּהֹרָ֔ה יַעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הַנֵּר֑וֹת לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִֽיד׃ פ | He will set up the lamps on the pure lampstand to be before the Lord continually. | |
| Lev 24:5 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ סֹ֔לֶת וְאָפִיתָ֣ אֹתָ֔הּ שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה חַלּ֑וֹת שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים יִהְיֶ֖ה הַֽחַלָּ֥ה הָאֶחָֽת׃ | And you will take fine flour, and you will bake it making twelve cakes. Each cake will consist of two tenths of an ephah. |
each ← one.
consist ← be. two tenths of an ephah: see Lev 14:10. |
| Lev 24:6 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֛ם שְׁתַּ֥יִם מַֽעֲרָכ֖וֹת שֵׁ֣שׁ הַֽמַּעֲרָ֑כֶת עַ֛ל הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן הַטָּהֹ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And you will place them in two rows, six per row, on the pure table before the Lord. | |
| Lev 24:7 | וְנָתַתָּ֥ עַל־הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת לְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה וְהָיְתָ֤ה לַלֶּ֙חֶם֙ לְאַזְכָּרָ֔ה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And you will put pure frankincense on the row, and it will be bread of a memorial – a fire-offering to the Lord. | |
| Lev 24:8 | בְּי֨וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת יַֽעַרְכֶ֛נּוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תָּמִ֑יד מֵאֵ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ | On every Sabbath day he will set it up before the Lord perpetually; it is an age-abiding covenant with the sons of Israel. |
on every Sabbath day ← on the Sabbath day, on the Sabbath day.
with ← from. See Lev 10:14, Lev 19:34, Lev 21:10 for similar usage. AV differs (being taken from). |
| Lev 24:9 | וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן וּלְבָנָ֔יו וַאֲכָלֻ֖הוּ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֑שׁ כִּ֡י קֹדֶשׁ֩ קָֽדָשִׁ֨ים ה֥וּא ל֛וֹ מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָ֖ה חָק־עוֹלָֽם׃ ס | And it will be for Aaron and his sons, and they will eat it in a holy place, for it is a holy of holies to him among the Lord's fire-offerings. It is an age-abiding statute.” | among ← from. |
| Lev 24:10 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה יִשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּנָּצוּ֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה בֶּ֚ן הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔ית וְאִ֖ישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִֽי׃ | Then a son of an Israelite woman, who was the son of an Egyptian man, went out into the midst of the sons of Israel, and the Israelite woman's son and an Israelite man quarrelled in the camp. | |
| Lev 24:11 | וַ֠יִּקֹּב בֶּן־הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית אֶת־הַשֵּׁם֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְשֵׁ֥ם אִמּ֛וֹ שְׁלֹמִ֥ית בַּת־דִּבְרִ֖י לְמַטֵּה־דָֽן׃ | And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the name and cursed it, and they brought him to Moses. Now the name of his mother was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri of the tribe of Dan. | the name: i.e. the name of the Lord. See Lev 24:16. |
| Lev 24:12 | וַיַּנִּיחֻ֖הוּ בַּמִּשְׁמָ֑ר לִפְרֹ֥שׁ לָהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And they kept him in a guarded room, for a verdict to be determined for them according to the pronouncement of the Lord. |
to be determined ← to determine.
pronouncement ← mouth. AV differs somewhat, translating the verse loosely. |
| Lev 24:13 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 24:14 | הוֹצֵ֣א אֶת־הַֽמְקַלֵּ֗ל אֶל־מִחוּץ֙ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְסָמְכ֧וּ כָֽל־הַשֹּׁמְעִ֛ים אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְרָגְמ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | “Bring him who cursed to outside the camp, and let all those who heard place their hands on his head. And the whole congregation will stone him. | cursed ... heard ← curses ... hear. |
| Lev 24:15 | וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ כִּֽי־יְקַלֵּ֥ל אֱלֹהָ֖יו וְנָשָׂ֥א חֶטְאֽוֹ׃ | And you will speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘Any man who curses his God will bear his sin. | any man ← a man, a man. |
| Lev 24:16 | וְנֹקֵ֤ב שֵׁם־יְהוָה֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת רָג֥וֹם יִרְגְּמוּ־ב֖וֹ כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה כַּגֵּר֙ כָּֽאֶזְרָ֔ח בְּנָקְבוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם יוּמָֽת׃ | And any blasphemer of the name of the Lord will certainly be put to death. The whole congregation will certainly stone him. It is the same for a foreigner as for a native: if he blasphemes the name he will be put to death. |
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute.
will certainly stone him: infinitive absolute. if he blasphemes: conditional use of בְּ + infinitive. |
| Lev 24:17 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַכֶּ֖ה כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֑ם מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And any man who takes the life of any man will certainly be put to death. |
takes the life ← strikes the soul.
any ← every. will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 24:18 | וּמַכֵּ֥ה נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּהֵמָ֖ה יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | And anyone who takes the life of a farm animal will repay it: a life for a life. | life (3x) ← soul. |
| Lev 24:19 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מ֖וּם בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה כֵּ֖ן יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ׃ | And as for a man who inflicts physical harm on his fellow citizen: as he did, so it will be done to him. | inflicts physical harm ← puts a blemish. |
| Lev 24:20 | שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מוּם֙ בָּֽאָדָ֔ם כֵּ֖ן יִנָּ֥תֶן בּֽוֹ׃ | A fracture for a fracture, and an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. As he inflicts physical harm on a man, so it will be inflicted on him. | inflicts physical harm ... it will be inflicted: see Lev 24:19. |
| Lev 24:21 | וּמַכֵּ֥ה בְהֵמָ֖ה יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָדָ֖ם יוּמָֽת׃ | And he who strikes a farm animal will repay it, and he who fatally strikes a man will be put to death. | |
| Lev 24:22 | מִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֶחָד֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כַּגֵּ֥ר כָּאֶזְרָ֖ח יִהְיֶ֑ה כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | There will be one regulation for you – as for a foreigner, so it will be for a native, for I am the Lord your God.’ ” | |
| Lev 24:23 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁה֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־הַֽמְקַלֵּ֗ל אֶל־מִחוּץ֙ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיִּרְגְּמ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אָ֑בֶן וּבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עָשׂ֔וּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | So Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, and they brought him who had cursed to outside the camp, and they stoned him. And the sons of Israel did as the Lord had commanded Moses. | stoned him ← “bouldered” him (with) stone. |
| Lev 25:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינַ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai and said, | |
| Lev 25:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֤י תָבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you go to the land which I am giving you, the land will rest for a Sabbath for the Lord. |
you (2x): plural.
will rest ← will “sabbath”. |
| Lev 25:3 | שֵׁ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ תִּזְרַ֣ע שָׂדֶ֔ךָ וְשֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ | For six years you will sow your field, and for six years you will prune your vineyard and gather its produce, | you ... your ... you: singular. |
| Lev 25:4 | וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָ֑ה שָֽׂדְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔ע וְכַרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִזְמֹֽר׃ | but in the seventh year, it will be a Sabbath of sabbatic observance for the land – the Lord's Sabbath. You shall not sow your field, and you will not prune your vines. | vines ← vineyard. |
| Lev 25:5 | אֵ֣ת סְפִ֤יחַ קְצִֽירְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־עִנְּבֵ֥י נְזִירֶ֖ךָ לֹ֣א תִבְצֹ֑ר שְׁנַ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן יִהְיֶ֥ה לָאָֽרֶץ׃ | You shall not reap the produce of spilt grain of your harvest, and you will not harvest the grapes of your unpruned vine. It will be a year of sabbatical observance for the land. | |
| Lev 25:6 | וְ֠הָיְתָה שַׁבַּ֨ת הָאָ֤רֶץ לָכֶם֙ לְאָכְלָ֔ה לְךָ֖ וּלְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וְלַאֲמָתֶ֑ךָ וְלִשְׂכִֽירְךָ֙ וּלְתוֹשָׁ֣בְךָ֔ הַגָּרִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And the Sabbath of the land will be the means of food for you – for you and for your servant and for your maidservant and for your hired servant and for your lodger who dwell with you. | lodger ← inhabitant. |
| Lev 25:7 | וְלִ֨בְהֶמְתְּךָ֔ וְלַֽחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאַרְצֶ֑ךָ תִּהְיֶ֥ה כָל־תְּבוּאָתָ֖הּ לֶאֱכֹֽל׃ ס | Also your cattle and the animals in your land will have all its produce to eat. | also ← and. |
| Lev 25:8 | וְסָפַרְתָּ֣ לְךָ֗ שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת שָׁנִ֔ים שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְהָי֣וּ לְךָ֗ יְמֵי֙ שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת הַשָּׁנִ֔ים תֵּ֥שַׁע וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And you will count yourself seven Sabbaths of years – seven years seven times over – and you will have the days of seven Sabbaths of years: forty-nine years. | |
| Lev 25:9 | וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ֞ שׁוֹפַ֤ר תְּרוּעָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ בְּיוֹם֙ הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים תַּעֲבִ֥ירוּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּכָל־אַרְצְכֶֽם׃ | Then you will make proclamation with a ramshorn as a rallying sound in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month on the day of atonement. You will make a proclamation with a ramshorn in all your land. |
atonement ← atonements.
There is no word for jubilee in this verse (as introduced by AV, [CB]). So AV differs. |
| Lev 25:10 | וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּ֗ם אֵ֣ת שְׁנַ֤ת הַחֲמִשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּקְרָאתֶ֥ם דְּר֛וֹר בָּאָ֖רֶץ לְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ יוֹבֵ֥ל הִוא֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֗ם אִ֚ישׁ אֶל־אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ תָּשֻֽׁבוּ׃ | And you will sanctify the fiftieth year, and you will proclaim liberty in the land to all its inhabitants. It will be your Jubilee, and every man among you will return to his possession, and every man among you will return to his family. | among you will return (2x) ← you will return. |
| Lev 25:11 | יוֹבֵ֣ל הִ֗וא שְׁנַ֛ת הַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔עוּ וְלֹ֤א תִקְצְרוּ֙ אֶת־סְפִיחֶ֔יהָ וְלֹ֥א תִבְצְר֖וּ אֶת־נְזִרֶֽיהָ׃ | It is Jubilee; it will be in the fiftieth year for you. You will not sow, you will not reap the produce of spilt grain in it, nor will you harvest the unpruned vines in it. |
spilt grain in it ← its spilt grain.
the unpruned vines in it ← its unpruned vines. |
| Lev 25:12 | כִּ֚י יוֹבֵ֣ל הִ֔וא קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם מִן־הַ֨שָּׂדֶ֔ה תֹּאכְל֖וּ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ | For it is Jubilee. It will be holy to you; in it you will eat from the produce of the field. |
holy ← holiness.
in it ... the produce ← its produce, referring to the produce of the Jubilee year. |
| Lev 25:13 | בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הַיּוֹבֵ֖ל הַזֹּ֑את תָּשֻׁ֕בוּ אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | In this Jubilee year, every man among you will return to his possession. | among you will return ← you will return (intransitive). |
| Lev 25:14 | וְכִֽי־תִמְכְּר֤וּ מִמְכָּר֙ לַעֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ א֥וֹ קָנֹ֖ה מִיַּ֣ד עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ אַל־תּוֹנ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אָחִֽיו׃ | And if you sell an item to your fellow citizen or buy from your fellow citizen, let no man extort his brother. |
item ← sale.
buy: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. from ← from the hand of. |
| Lev 25:15 | בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שָׁנִים֙ אַחַ֣ר הַיּוֹבֵ֔ל תִּקְנֶ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת עֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר שְׁנֵֽי־תְבוּאֹ֖ת יִמְכָּר־לָֽךְ׃ | You will buy from your fellow citizen at a value in inverse proportion to the number of years after Jubilee; he will sell to you at a value in direct proportion to the number of years of income to run. | |
| Lev 25:16 | לְפִ֣י ׀ רֹ֣ב הַשָּׁנִ֗ים תַּרְבֶּה֙ מִקְנָת֔וֹ וּלְפִי֙ מְעֹ֣ט הַשָּׁנִ֔ים תַּמְעִ֖יט מִקְנָת֑וֹ כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר תְּבוּאֹ֔ת ה֥וּא מֹכֵ֖ר לָֽךְ׃ | The more the number of years, the more you may increase its price, and the less the number of years, the more you will reduce its price, for he will sell it to you according to the number of years of income to run. | |
| Lev 25:17 | וְלֹ֤א תוֹנוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־עֲמִית֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵֽאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And no-one may extort his fellow citizen, and you will fear your God, for I am the Lord your God. | you ... your ... your: singular ... singular ... plural. |
| Lev 25:18 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֙ אֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֔י וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֹתָ֑ם וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָבֶֽטַח׃ | And you will observe my statutes, and you will keep my regulations and carry them out, and you will dwell in the land in safety. | observe ← do. |
| Lev 25:19 | וְנָתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ פִּרְיָ֔הּ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָשֹׂ֑בַע וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And the land will yield its fruit, and you will eat your fill, and you will dwell in safety in it. | |
| Lev 25:20 | וְכִ֣י תֹאמְר֔וּ מַה־נֹּאכַ֤֖ל בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑ת הֵ֚ן לֹ֣א נִזְרָ֔ע וְלֹ֥א נֶאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־תְּבוּאָתֵֽנוּ׃ | And when you say, «What will we eat in the seventh year, seeing we won't be sowing, and we won't be reaping our produce?» | seeing ← behold. |
| Lev 25:21 | וְצִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ לָכֶ֔ם בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑ית וְעָשָׂת֙ אֶת־הַתְּבוּאָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֖שׁ הַשָּׁנִֽים׃ | I will command my blessing for you in the sixth year, and it will produce the produce of three years. | I ← then I. |
| Lev 25:22 | וּזְרַעְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמִינִ֔ת וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם מִן־הַתְּבוּאָ֣ה יָשָׁ֑ן עַ֣ד ׀ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַתְּשִׁיעִ֗ת עַד־בּוֹא֙ תְּב֣וּאָתָ֔הּ תֹּאכְל֖וּ יָשָֽׁן׃ | And you will sow in the eighth year and eat from the old produce, until the ninth year – until its produce comes. You will eat old stored produce. | |
| Lev 25:23 | וְהָאָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ לִצְמִתֻ֔ת כִּי־לִ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֧ים וְתוֹשָׁבִ֛ים אַתֶּ֖ם עִמָּדִֽי׃ | And the land will never be sold, for the land is mine, for you are foreigners and lodgers with me. | never ← not until extinction. |
| Lev 25:24 | וּבְכֹ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֑ם גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And in all the land of your possession, you will exercise redemption of the land. |
exercise ← give.
redemption: [CB] explains as repurchase. |
| Lev 25:25 | כִּֽי־יָמ֣וּךְ אָחִ֔יךָ וּמָכַ֖ר מֵאֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ וּבָ֤א גֹֽאֲלוֹ֙ הַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֔יו וְגָאַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מִמְכַּ֥ר אָחִֽיו׃ | If your brother becomes poor and sells part of his possession, and his kinsman redeemer comes to him, then he can redeem the thing sold by his brother. | his ... redeemer: AV differs (to redeem it). |
| Lev 25:26 | וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ גֹּאֵ֑ל וְהִשִּׂ֣יגָה יָד֔וֹ וּמָצָ֖א כְּדֵ֥י גְאֻלָּתֽוֹ׃ | And if a man does not have a redeemer, but he can afford it, and he finds enough money for the redemption, |
he can afford it ← his hand reaches.
the redemption ← his redemption, a subjective genitive (he redeems). |
| Lev 25:27 | וְחִשַּׁב֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔וֹ וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ל֑וֹ וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | then he will calculate the years of the item he has sold, and he will return the outstanding value to the man to whom he sold it, and it will return to his possession. | |
| Lev 25:28 | וְאִ֨ם לֹֽא־מָֽצְאָ֜ה יָד֗וֹ דֵּי֮ הָשִׁ֣יב לוֹ֒ וְהָיָ֣ה מִמְכָּר֗וֹ בְּיַד֙ הַקֹּנֶ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹבֵ֑ל וְיָצָא֙ בַּיֹּבֵ֔ל וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | And if he cannot afford sufficient to have it returned to himself, then his item sold will be in the possession of him who bought it until the Jubilee year, then it will expire in the Jubilee and it will return to his possession. |
he cannot afford ← his hand does not find.
possession ← hand. expire ← go out. it will return: AV differs (he shall return). |
| Lev 25:29 | וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־יִמְכֹּ֤ר בֵּית־מוֹשַׁב֙ עִ֣יר חוֹמָ֔ה וְהָיְתָה֙ גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ עַד־תֹּ֖ם שְׁנַ֣ת מִמְכָּר֑וֹ יָמִ֖ים תִּהְיֶ֥ה גְאֻלָּתֽוֹ׃ | And if a man sells a residential house in a walled city, then the right of redemption of it will be for a complete year from its sale. The right of redemption of it will be for those days. |
house in ← house of.
for a complete year ← until the completion of a year. |
| Lev 25:30 | וְאִ֣ם לֹֽא־יִגָּאֵ֗ל עַד־מְלֹ֣את לוֹ֮ שָׁנָ֣ה תְמִימָה֒ וְ֠קָם הַבַּ֨יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּעִ֜יר אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֣וֹ חֹמָ֗ה לַצְּמִיתֻ֛ת לַקֹּנֶ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְדֹרֹתָ֑יו לֹ֥א יֵצֵ֖א בַּיֹּבֵֽל׃ | But if it is not redeemed within the elapsing of a complete year, then the house {Q: in the walled city} [K: in the city which is not with a wall] will be established indeterminately for him who bought it, for his generations. It will not expire in the Jubilee. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8.
elapsing ← fulfilment for it, i.e. for the item sold. expire ← go out. |
| Lev 25:31 | וּבָתֵּ֣י הַחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־לָהֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב עַל־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב גְּאֻלָּה֙ תִּהְיֶה־לּ֔וֹ וּבַיֹּבֵ֖ל יֵצֵֽא׃ | But houses in villages which do not have a surrounding wall will be considered as the fields of the land: such will be subject to redemption and will expire in the Jubilee. |
villages ← courtyards.
be subject to ← there will be to it. expire ← go out. |
| Lev 25:32 | וְעָרֵי֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בָּתֵּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אֲחֻזָּתָ֑ם גְּאֻלַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | But as for the cities of the Levites – the houses of the cities in their possession – the Levites have an age-abiding right of redemption. | |
| Lev 25:33 | וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגְאַל֙ מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְיָצָ֧א מִמְכַּר־בַּ֛יִת וְעִ֥יר אֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ בַּיֹּבֵ֑ל כִּ֣י בָתֵּ֞י עָרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֗ם הִ֚וא אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And whoever of the Levites makes a redemptive claim on anything, then the sale of the house will expire, as will the city in his possession, in the Jubilee, for the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the sons of Israel. |
expire ← go out.
AV differs, but the sense comes to the same thing (Levites recover their possessions). |
| Lev 25:34 | וּֽשְׂדֵ֛ה מִגְרַ֥שׁ עָרֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יִמָּכֵ֑ר כִּֽי־אֲחֻזַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם ה֖וּא לָהֶֽם׃ ס | And the pasture fields of their cities will not be sold, for they are their age-abiding possession. | fields ... they are ← field ... it is. |
| Lev 25:35 | וְכִֽי־יָמ֣וּךְ אָחִ֔יךָ וּמָ֥טָה יָד֖וֹ עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהֶֽחֱזַ֣קְתָּ בּ֔וֹ גֵּ֧ר וְתוֹשָׁ֛ב וָחַ֖י עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And if your brother becomes poor, and loses his wealth, being of your community, then you will support him: foreigner or lodger, he will live with you. |
loses his wealth ← his hand has tottered.
support ← strengthen. |
| Lev 25:36 | אַל־תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֔ית וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵֽאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְחֵ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ עִמָּֽךְ׃ | Do not take interest or profit from him, and fear your God, and your brother will live among you. | your brother will live among you ← the life of your brother (is) with you. |
| Lev 25:37 | אֶ֨ת־כַּסְפְּךָ֔ לֹֽא־תִתֵּ֥ן ל֖וֹ בְּנֶ֑שֶׁךְ וּבְמַרְבִּ֖ית לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן אָכְלֶֽךָ׃ | Do not lend him money at interest, nor give food for a profit. | lend ← give. |
| Lev 25:38 | אֲנִ֗י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן לִהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ ס | I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, and to be your God. | |
| Lev 25:39 | וְכִֽי־יָמ֥וּךְ אָחִ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ וְנִמְכַּר־לָ֑ךְ לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֥ד בּ֖וֹ עֲבֹ֥דַת עָֽבֶד׃ | And if your brother among you becomes poor, and he is sold to you, you shall not make him do the work of a servant. | servant: or slave. |
| Lev 25:40 | כְּשָׂכִ֥יר כְּתוֹשָׁ֖ב יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֑ךְ עַד־שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַעֲבֹ֥ד עִמָּֽךְ׃ | He will be as a hired worker or as a lodger with you. He will work for you until the Jubilee year. | |
| Lev 25:41 | וְיָצָא֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֣יו עִמּ֑וֹ וְשָׁב֙ אֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־אֲחֻזַּ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖יו יָשֽׁוּב׃ | Then he will go out from you, he and his sons with him, and he will return to his family, and he will return to the possession of his fathers. | |
| Lev 25:42 | כִּֽי־עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד׃ | For they are my servants, whom I brought out from the land of Egypt. They will not be sold as a servant is sold. | sold as a servant is sold ← sold the sale of a servant. |
| Lev 25:43 | לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָ֑רֶךְ וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | You shall not rule over him with rigour, and you will fear your God. | |
| Lev 25:44 | וְעַבְדְּךָ֥ וַאֲמָתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיוּ־לָ֑ךְ מֵאֵ֣ת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם מֵהֶ֥ם תִּקְנ֖וּ עֶ֥בֶד וְאָמָֽה׃ | As for your manservant and your maidservant who will be yours, from the Gentiles who are around you, from them you may buy a manservant or a maidservant, | |
| Lev 25:45 | וְ֠גַם מִבְּנֵ֨י הַתּוֹשָׁבִ֜ים הַגָּרִ֤ים עִמָּכֶם֙ מֵהֶ֣ם תִּקְנ֔וּ וּמִמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹלִ֖ידוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לַֽאֲחֻזָּֽה׃ | and also from the sons of the lodgers who live with you. From them you can buy servants, and from their families which are with you, whom they beget in your land, and they will be your property. | |
| Lev 25:46 | וְהִתְנַחֲלְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֤ם אַחֲרֵיכֶם֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֲחֻזָּ֔ה לְעֹלָ֖ם בָּהֶ֣ם תַּעֲבֹ֑דוּ וּבְאַ֨חֵיכֶ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ ס | And you will receive them as an inheritance, for your sons after you, to inherit them as a possession. You will put them to work age-abidingly, but as for your brothers, the sons of Israel – a man in relation to his brother – you will not rule over him with rigour. | you will receive them: a rare hithpael taking a direct object. |
| Lev 25:47 | וְכִ֣י תַשִּׂ֗יג יַ֣ד גֵּ֤ר וְתוֹשָׁב֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וּמָ֥ךְ אָחִ֖יךָ עִמּ֑וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֗ר לְגֵ֤ר תּוֹשָׁב֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ א֥וֹ לְעֵ֖קֶר מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת גֵּֽר׃ | And if a foreigner – a temporary resident with you – becomes wealthy, and your brother alongside him becomes poor, and he sells himself to the foreigner, a temporary resident alongside you, or to the household of a foreign family, |
becomes wealthy ← his hand reaches.
household ← stock. |
| Lev 25:48 | אַחֲרֵ֣י נִמְכַּ֔ר גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶה־לּ֑וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מֵאֶחָ֖יו יִגְאָלֶֽנּוּ׃ | after he has sold himself, he will have a right of redemption: one of his brothers may redeem him. | |
| Lev 25:49 | אוֹ־דֹד֞וֹ א֤וֹ בֶן־דֹּדוֹ֙ יִגְאָלֶ֔נּוּ אֽוֹ־מִשְּׁאֵ֧ר בְּשָׂר֛וֹ מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ יִגְאָלֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשִּׂ֥יגָה יָד֖וֹ וְנִגְאָֽל׃ | Alternatively his uncle or his cousin may redeem him, or anyone of his kin in blood relation to him from his family may redeem him, or if he can afford it, he may redeem himself. |
in blood relation to him ← of his flesh.
he can afford it ← his hand reaches. |
| Lev 25:50 | וְחִשַּׁב֙ עִם־קֹנֵ֔הוּ מִשְּׁנַת֙ הִמָּ֣כְרוֹ ל֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְהָיָ֞ה כֶּ֤סֶף מִמְכָּרוֹ֙ בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים כִּימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And he will calculate with him who bought him, from the year when he was sold to him to the year of the Jubilee, and the price of him being sold shall be according to the number of years. It will be with him as the number of days of a hired servant. | price ← silver / money. |
| Lev 25:51 | אִם־ע֥וֹד רַבּ֖וֹת בַּשָּׁנִ֑ים לְפִיהֶן֙ יָשִׁ֣יב גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ מִכֶּ֖סֶף מִקְנָתֽוֹ׃ | If there are still many years to run, he will repay according to them for his redemption a large part of the sum for which he was bought. | the sum for which he was bought ← his purchase or ← his price of purchase. |
| Lev 25:52 | וְאִם־מְעַ֞ט נִשְׁאַ֧ר בַּשָּׁנִ֛ים עַד־שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל וְחִשַּׁב־ל֑וֹ כְּפִ֣י שָׁנָ֔יו יָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתֽוֹ׃ | But if there remain few years until the year of the Jubilee, then he will calculate for himself; he will repay for his redemption according to his years to run. | |
| Lev 25:53 | כִּשְׂכִ֥יר שָׁנָ֛ה בְּשָׁנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ לֹֽא־יִרְדֶּ֥נּֽוּ בְּפֶ֖רֶךְ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | He will be with him as a hired servant from year to year. He will not rule over him with rigour in your sight. | |
| Lev 25:54 | וְאִם־לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה וְיָצָא֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֔ל ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֥יו עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And if he is not redeemed by these means, he will go out in the Jubilee year – he and his sons with him. | |
| Lev 25:55 | כִּֽי־לִ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבָדִ֔ים עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | For the sons of Israel are servants to me; they are my servants, whom I brought out from the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. | |
| Lev 26:1 | לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂ֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם אֱלִילִ֗ם וּפֶ֤סֶל וּמַצֵּבָה֙ לֹֽא־תָקִ֣ימוּ לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶ֣בֶן מַשְׂכִּ֗ית לֹ֤א תִתְּנוּ֙ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֔ם לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You shall not make idols for yourselves, and you shall not set up a fashioned image or a statue for yourselves, and you shall not place any stone sculpture in your land at which to worship, for I am the Lord your God. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Lev 26:2 | אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י תִּירָ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | You shall keep my Sabbaths and fear my sanctuary. I am the Lord. | |
| Lev 26:3 | אִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתַ֣י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽם׃ | If you walk in my statutes and keep my commandments and do them, | |
| Lev 26:4 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י גִשְׁמֵיכֶ֖ם בְּעִתָּ֑ם וְנָתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִתֵּ֥ן פִּרְיֽוֹ׃ | then I will give you your rain in its seasons, and the land will yield its produce, and the tree of the field will yield its fruit. | seasons ← time. |
| Lev 26:5 | וְהִשִּׂ֨יג לָכֶ֥ם דַּ֙יִשׁ֙ אֶת־בָּצִ֔יר וּבָצִ֖יר יַשִּׂ֣יג אֶת־זָ֑רַע וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם׃ | And your threshing season will last until the vintage, and the vintage will last until the sowing season, and you will eat your bread to satiety, and you will dwell in safety in your land. | last ← reach. |
| Lev 26:6 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י שָׁלוֹם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּשְׁכַבְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵ֣ין מַחֲרִ֑יד וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֞י חַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְחֶ֖רֶב לֹא־תַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם׃ | And I will give you peace in the land, and you will lie down, and there will be no-one to make you afraid, and I will rid the land of evil beasts, and the sword will not pass through your land. |
rid the land of evil beasts ← make an evil animal cease from the land.
Compare this verse with Job 11:19, Isa 17:2, Mic 4:4, Zeph 3:13, Ezek 34:28. |
| Lev 26:7 | וּרְדַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְנָפְל֥וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב | And you will pursue your enemies, and they will fall to the sword before you. | |
| Lev 26:8 | וְרָדְפ֨וּ מִכֶּ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ מֵאָ֔ה וּמֵאָ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם רְבָבָ֣ה יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ וְנָפְל֧וּ אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב׃ | And five of you will pursue a hundred of them, and a hundred of you will pursue ten thousand of them, and your enemies will fall to the sword before you. | |
| Lev 26:9 | וּפָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֖י אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַהֲקִימֹתִ֥י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | And I will turn to you, and I will make you fruitful, and I will make you increase, and I will set up my covenant with you. | |
| Lev 26:10 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם יָשָׁ֖ן נוֹשָׁ֑ן וְיָשָׁ֕ן מִפְּנֵ֥י חָדָ֖שׁ תּוֹצִֽיאוּ׃ | And you will eat old produce of a previous season, and you will bring out the old on account of the new to go in. | of a previous season ← having become old. [AnLx]= dry. |
| Lev 26:11 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י בְּתוֹכְכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תִגְעַ֥ל נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I will put my tabernacle in your midst, and my being will not loathe you. | being ← soul. |
| Lev 26:12 | וְהִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֥י לְעָֽם׃ | And I will walk around in your midst, and I will be your God, and you will be my people. | 2 Cor 6:16. |
| Lev 26:13 | אֲנִ֞י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֤אתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִֽהְיֹ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם עֲבָדִ֑ים וָאֶשְׁבֹּר֙ מֹטֹ֣ת עֻלְּכֶ֔ם וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אֶתְכֶ֖ם קֽוֹמְמִיּֽוּת׃ פ | I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, saving you from being their slaves, and I broke the bars of your yoke, and I enabled you to walk upright. | enabled: or caused. |
| Lev 26:14 | וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֺ֖ת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | But if you do not heed me, and do not do all these commandments, | |
| Lev 26:15 | וְאִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֣י תִּמְאָ֔סוּ וְאִ֥ם אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י תִּגְעַ֣ל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֤י עֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתַ֔י לְהַפְרְכֶ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃ | and if you reject my statutes, or if your being loathes my regulations, so as not to carry out all my commandments, so that you break my covenant, |
being ← soul.
loathes: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 26:16 | אַף־אֲנִ֞י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֗ם וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁחֶ֣פֶת וְאֶת־הַקַּדַּ֔חַת מְכַלּ֥וֹת עֵינַ֖יִם וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וַאֲכָלֻ֖הוּ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | then I for my part will do this to you: I will visit you with dread, with tuberculosis, and with burning fever, consuming the eyes and wasting the body, and you will sow your seed in vain, and your enemies will eat it. |
visit you with dread ← visit dread upon you.
body ← soul. Perhaps referring to a person's spirits. |
| Lev 26:17 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְנִגַּפְתֶּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְרָד֤וּ בָכֶם֙ שֹֽׂנְאֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַסְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֥ף אֶתְכֶֽם׃ ס | And I will set my face against you, and you will be struck down before your enemies, and those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no-one is pursuing you. | |
| Lev 26:18 | וְאִ֨ם־עַד־אֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וְיָסַפְתִּי֙ לְיַסְּרָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And if you will not hear me even after these things, then I will punish you more – seven times for your sins. |
after ← up to.
punish you more ← add to punish you. |
| Lev 26:19 | וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה׃ | And I will break your stiff pride, and I will make your sky as iron and your earth as copper. | stiff pride ← pride of strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lev 26:20 | וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תִתֵּ֤ן אַרְצְכֶם֙ אֶת־יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֣ץ הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִתֵּ֖ן פִּרְיֽוֹ׃ | And your strength will be expended in vain, and your land will not yield its produce, and the tree of the land will not yield its fruit. | tree ... its: standing for trees ... their. Collective usage. |
| Lev 26:21 | וְאִם־תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּי֙ קֶ֔רִי וְלֹ֥א תֹאב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ לִ֑י וְיָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע כְּחַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And if you walk in opposition to me, and you are not willing to hear me, then I will add a blow to you, seven times, according to your sins. | |
| Lev 26:22 | וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֨י בָכֶ֜ם אֶת־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְשִׁכְּלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִכְרִ֙יתָה֙ אֶת־בְּהֶמְתְּכֶ֔ם וְהִמְעִ֖יטָה אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְנָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I will send the wild animals on to you, and they will bereave you of children, and they will destroy your cattle and reduce you, and your roads will be desolate. | |
| Lev 26:23 | וְאִ֨ם־בְּאֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי׃ | And if despite these things you will not be corrected by me, and you walk in opposition to me, | |
| Lev 26:24 | וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם׃ | then I too will walk in opposition to you, and I for my part will strike you seven times for your sins. | for my part ← also. |
| Lev 26:25 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙ נְקַם־בְּרִ֔ית וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶל־עָרֵיכֶ֑ם וְשִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי דֶ֙בֶר֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־אוֹיֵֽב׃ | And I will bring a sword over you, avenging the cause for vengeance of the covenant, and when you are gathered in your cities, I will send a plague into your midst, and you will be given up into the hand of the enemy. | |
| Lev 26:26 | בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־לֶחֶם֒ וְ֠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃ ס | When I break your supply of bread, and ten women bake your bread in one oven, and they dispense your bread by weight, you will eat, but you will not be satisfied. |
supply ← staff.
dispense ← return, render. |
| Lev 26:27 | וְאִ֨ם־בְּזֹ֔את לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃ | And if despite this you will not hear me, and you walk in opposition to me, | |
| Lev 26:28 | וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בַּחֲמַת־קֶ֑רִי וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע עַל־חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם׃ | then I will walk in angry opposition to you, and I for my part will punish you seven times for your sins. | I for my part ← indeed I. |
| Lev 26:29 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם בְּשַׂ֣ר בְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וּבְשַׂ֥ר בְּנֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | And you will eat the flesh of your sons, and you will eat the flesh of your daughters, | you will eat (second occurrence in verse): the vav consecutive sequence is broken by a change of word order, because ↴ |
| Lev 26:30 | וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם וְגָעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | and I will destroy your idolatrous raised sites, and I will cut off your sun-images, and I will put your carcases on the carcases of your idols, and my being will abhor you. |
↳ it is contemporaneous with the previous occurrence.
being ← soul. |
| Lev 26:31 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם׃ | And I will make your cities a desolation, and I will devastate your sanctuaries, and I will not smell your sweet fragrance. | smell: standing for acknowledge the smell of. |
| Lev 26:32 | וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ׃ | And I will devastate the land, and your enemies who inhabit it will be astonished at it, | be astonished ← be desolated, but also astonished. |
| Lev 26:33 | וְאֶתְכֶם֙ אֱזָרֶ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב וְהָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצְכֶם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ חָרְבָּֽה׃ | and I will scatter you among the Gentiles, and I will draw the sword after you, and your land will become a scene of devastation, and your cities will become a desolation. | |
| Lev 26:34 | אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ כֹּ֚ל יְמֵ֣י הֳשַׁמָּ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אָ֚ז תִּשְׁבַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְצָ֖ת אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | Then the land will take pleasure in its Sabbaths, all the days of its devastation, and you will be in a land of your enemies. Then the land will rest and take pleasure in its Sabbaths. |
its devastation ← its having been devastated, a suffixed hophal infinitive.
take pleasure in: in an Aramaic form. |
| Lev 26:35 | כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הָשַּׁמָּ֖ה תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־שָׁבְתָ֛ה בְּשַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בְּשִׁבְתְּכֶ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | It will rest for all the days of its devastation – the time for which it didn't rest on your Sabbaths when you were dwelling in it. |
its devastation: see Lev 26:34, though here pointed slightly differently.
the time for which: AV differs (because), but militating against this is the particle אֵת. |
| Lev 26:36 | וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֙רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְרָדַ֣ף אֹתָ֗ם ק֚וֹל עָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֔ף וְנָס֧וּ מְנֻֽסַת־חֶ֛רֶב וְנָפְל֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין רֹדֵֽף׃ | And as for those that remain among you, I will bring faintness into their hearts, in the lands of their enemies, and the sound of a leaf being driven about will pursue them, and they will flee as when fleeing from the sword, and they will fall when there is no-one pursuing. | hearts ← heart. |
| Lev 26:37 | וְכָשְׁל֧וּ אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֛יו כְּמִפְּנֵי־חֶ֖רֶב וְרֹדֵ֣ף אָ֑יִן וְלֹא־תִֽהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | And a man will stumble against his brother as if running away from the sword, when no-one is pursuing, and you will not have the ability to make a stand before your enemies. | |
| Lev 26:38 | וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וְאָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will devour you. | will devour: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 26:39 | וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם יִמַּ֙קּוּ֙ בַּֽעֲוֺנָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַ֛ף בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם אִתָּ֥ם יִמָּֽקּוּ׃ | And those of you who remain will waste away in their iniquity in the lands of your enemies, and they will also waste away in the iniquities of their fathers with them. | |
| Lev 26:40 | וְהִתְוַדּ֤וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָם֙ וְאֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֑י וְאַ֕ף אֲשֶׁר־הָֽלְכ֥וּ עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃ | Then they will confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers in their treachery, when they dealt treacherously against me, and also when they walked in opposition to me. | |
| Lev 26:41 | אַף־אֲנִ֗י אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּם֙ בְּקֶ֔רִי וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם בְּאֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם אוֹ־אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָם֙ הֶֽעָרֵ֔ל וְאָ֖ז יִרְצ֥וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽם׃ | So I in turn will walk in opposition to them, and I will bring them into the land of their enemies, to see whether then their uncircumcised heart will be humbled, and whether they will accept their iniquity. |
in turn ← also, but with wider scope.
AV differs, with verbs in the past tense, seemingly forgetting that this verse is still part of the condition of Lev 26:23 (if ... then I will). |
| Lev 26:42 | וְזָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י יַעֲק֑וֹב וְאַף֩ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֨י יִצְחָ֜ק וְאַ֨ף אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶזְכֹּ֖ר וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר׃ | But I will remember my covenant with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac, and I will also remember my covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. | |
| Lev 26:43 | וְהָאָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵהֶ֜ם וְתִ֣רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ בָּהְשַׁמָּה֙ מֵהֶ֔ם וְהֵ֖ם יִרְצ֣וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם יַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֔עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֖י גָּעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשָֽׁם׃ | So the land will be forsaken by them, and it will take pleasure in its Sabbaths, while it is desolate because of them, and they will accept their iniquity, because and for the reason that they rejected my regulations, and their inner self loathed my statutes. |
while it is desolate: a rare hophal infinitive construct.
iniquity: perhaps standing for punishment for iniquity. inner self ← soul. |
| Lev 26:44 | וְאַף־גַּם־זֹ֠את בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֞ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֗ם לֹֽא־מְאַסְתִּ֤ים וְלֹֽא־גְעַלְתִּים֙ לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם לְהָפֵ֥ר בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | But despite even this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them, and I will not loathe them to the point of making an end of them, so breaking my covenant with them, for I am the Lord their God. | |
| Lev 26:45 | וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵֽאתִי־אֹתָם֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם לֵאלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And for their sake I will remember the covenant with their ancestors when I brought them out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the Gentiles, to the intent that I would be God to them. I am the Lord.’ ” | |
| Lev 26:46 | אֵ֠לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֮ וְהַתּוֹרֹת֒ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה בֵּינ֕וֹ וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | These are the statutes and the regulations and the laws which the Lord instituted between himself and the sons of Israel at Mount Sinai through the intermediacy of Moses. |
instituted ← gave, appointed.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Lev 27:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Lev 27:2 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘Concerning anyone who makes a special vow, when you value people dedicated to the Lord, |
makes a special vow ← makes wonderful a vow.
value: for a sum paid as redemption to make the person acceptable to the Lord. Compare the redemption of the firstborn, Ex 13:15. people ← souls. |
| Lev 27:3 | וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר מִבֶּן֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֗ חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | then as regards your valuation of a male from twenty years old to sixty years old, your valuation will be fifty silver shekels according to the holy shekel. | then ← then it will be. |
| Lev 27:4 | וְאִם־נְקֵבָ֖ה הִ֑וא וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל׃ | And if it is for a female, your valuation will be thirty shekels. | |
| Lev 27:5 | וְאִ֨ם מִבֶּן־חָמֵ֜שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים וְעַד֙ בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְהָיָ֧ה עֶרְכְּךָ֛ הַזָּכָ֖ר עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים׃ | And if it is for a five-year-old to a twenty-year-old, then your valuation for a male will be twenty shekels, and for a female ten shekels. | |
| Lev 27:6 | וְאִ֣ם מִבֶּן־חֹ֗דֶשׁ וְעַד֙ בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף וְלַנְּקֵבָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף׃ | And if the person is from a month old to five years old, then your valuation of a male will be five silver shekels, and for a female your valuation will be three silver shekels. | |
| Lev 27:7 | וְ֠אִם מִבֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָמַ֙עְלָה֙ אִם־זָכָ֔ר וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים׃ | And if the person is from sixty years upwards, if it is a male, then your valuation will be fifteen shekels, and for a female, ten shekels. | |
| Lev 27:8 | וְאִם־מָ֥ךְ הוּא֙ מֵֽעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְהֶֽעֱמִידוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהֶעֱרִ֥יךְ אֹת֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן עַל־פִּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּשִּׂיג֙ יַ֣ד הַנֹּדֵ֔ר יַעֲרִיכֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס | Now if he is too poor for your valuation, then he will be presented before the priest, and the priest will value him. The priest will value him according to what the vower can afford. |
he will be presented ← one will present him.
what the vower can afford ← what the vower's hand reaches. |
| Lev 27:9 | וְאִם־בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מִמֶּ֛נּוּ לַיהוָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And if it is cattle from which men offer an oblation to the Lord, everything from which he gives to the Lord will be holy. | holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 27:10 | לֹ֣א יַחֲלִיפֶ֗נּוּ וְלֹֽא־יָמִ֥יר אֹת֛וֹ ט֥וֹב בְּרָ֖ע אוֹ־רַ֣ע בְּט֑וֹב וְאִם־הָמֵ֨ר יָמִ֤יר בְּהֵמָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה וְהָֽיָה־ה֥וּא וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | He shall not change it and he shall not exchange it – neither good for bad nor bad for good – and if he does after all exchange cattle for cattle, the original and its exchange will be holy. |
he does after all exchange: infinitive absolute.
the original ← it. holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 27:11 | וְאִם֙ כָּל־בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהֶֽעֱמִ֥יד אֶת־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And if it is any unclean cattle from which no oblation is made to the Lord, then he will place the cattle before the priest, |
any ← every.
no oblation is made ← they do not offer an oblation. place ← stand. |
| Lev 27:12 | וְהֶעֱרִ֤יךְ הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹתָ֔הּ בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יִהְיֶֽה׃ | and the priest will value it as to whether it is good or bad. According to your valuation, O priest, so it will be. | |
| Lev 27:13 | וְאִם־גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּה וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִישִׁת֖וֹ עַל־עֶרְכֶּֽךָ׃ | And if he redeems it at all, then he will add a fifth to your valuation. |
redeems it at all: infinitive absolute.
a fifth ← its fifth. |
| Lev 27:14 | וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־יַקְדִּ֨שׁ אֶת־בֵּית֥וֹ קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהֶעֱרִיכוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲרִ֥יךְ אֹת֛וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יָקֽוּם׃ | And if a man consecrates his house to be holy to the Lord, then the priest will value it, as to whether it is good or bad. As the priest values it, so it shall stand. |
holy ← holiness.
values: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Lev 27:15 | וְאִ֨ם־הַמַּקְדִּ֔ישׁ יִגְאַ֖ל אֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְהָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ | And if he who consecrates it redeems his house, then he will add a fifth to the sum of your valuation, and it will be his. |
consecrates: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
a fifth to the sum of your valuation ← a fifth of the silver / money of your valuation to it. |
| Lev 27:16 | וְאִ֣ם ׀ מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֗וֹ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף׃ | And if a man consecrates land he owns to the Lord, then your valuation will be according to the seed it yields: a homer of barley seed to fifty shekels of silver. |
land he owns ← from the field of his possession.
homer: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. |
| Lev 27:17 | אִם־מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֑הוּ כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם׃ | If he consecrates his land in the Jubilee year, it will stand according to your valuation. | land ← field, and so throughout this chapter. |
| Lev 27:18 | וְאִם־אַחַ֣ר הַיֹּבֵל֮ יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵהוּ֒ וְחִשַּׁב־ל֨וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֗סֶף עַל־פִּ֤י הַשָּׁנִים֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרֹ֔ת עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ׃ | But if he consecrates his land after the Jubilee, then the priest will calculate for him the sum according to the remaining years up to the Jubilee year, and there will be a deduction from your valuation. | sum ← silver; money. |
| Lev 27:19 | וְאִם־גָּאֹ֤ל יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה הַמַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִשִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְקָ֥ם לֽוֹ׃ | And if he who consecrates it redeems the land at all, he will add one fifth of the sum of your valuation to it, and it will be confirmed as his. |
redeems ... at all: infinitive absolute.
sum ← silver; money. be confirmed ← stand; rise. |
| Lev 27:20 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאִם־מָכַ֥ר אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד׃ | And if he does not redeem the land, and if he sells the land to another man, it will not be redeemed any more. | |
| Lev 27:21 | וְהָיָ֨ה הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה בְּצֵאת֣וֹ בַיֹּבֵ֗ל קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה כִּשְׂדֵ֣ה הַחֵ֑רֶם לַכֹּהֵ֖ן תִּהְיֶ֥ה אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | And the land will be holy to the Lord when it goes out in the Jubilee, as dedicated land: his possession will belong to the priest. |
holy ← holiness.
dedicated land ← field of dedication (to the sanctuary, [BDB]). |
| Lev 27:22 | וְאִם֙ אֶת־שְׂדֵ֣ה מִקְנָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֕ר לֹ֖א מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ יַקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And if anyone consecrates to the Lord a purchased field which is not land originally owned by him, |
a purchased field ← a field of his purchase.
land originally owned by him ← of a field of his possession. |
| Lev 27:23 | וְחִשַּׁב־ל֣וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֵ֚ת מִכְסַ֣ת הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֔ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנָתַ֤ן אֶת־הָעֶרְכְּךָ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה׃ | then the priest will calculate for him the amount of your valuation to the Jubilee year, and he who consecrates it will give your valuation on that day as a holy thing to the Lord. | he who consecrates it: on the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his) – here implicit in the verbal form, he will give – see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Lev 27:24 | בִּשְׁנַ֤ת הַיּוֹבֵל֙ יָשׁ֣וּב הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לַאֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | In the Jubilee year the land will return to him from whom he bought it – to him whose possession it is in the land. | |
| Lev 27:25 | וְכָל־עֶרְכְּךָ֔ יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל׃ ס | And all your valuing will be according to the holy shekel; there will be twenty gerahs to the shekel. | |
| Lev 27:26 | אַךְ־בְּכ֞וֹר אֲשֶׁר־יְבֻכַּ֤ר לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ אִם־שׁ֣וֹר אִם־שֶׂ֔ה לַֽיהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | But as for a firstling that is born to the Lord among the cattle, no man will consecrate it, whether it is an ox or a lamb, it is the Lord's. | born ← born (specifically as a firstborn). |
| Lev 27:27 | וְאִ֨ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּמֵאָה֙ וּפָדָ֣ה בְעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִשִׁת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְאִם־לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ׃ | And if it is from unclean cattle, then he will ransom it according to your valuation, and he will add a fifth of it to it. And if it is not redeemed, it will be sold at your valuation. |
from ← in, among.
ransom: not the word for redeem in this chapter. |
| Lev 27:28 | אַךְ־כָּל־חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל כָּל־חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ | But every dedication that a man dedicates to the Lord, from anything he has, whether a man or cattle or land in his possession – it shall not be sold, and it shall not be redeemed. Every dedication is a holy of holies to the Lord. |
anything ← everything.
whether ← from, but here (and elsewhere) introducing alternatives. in his possession ← of his possession. |
| Lev 27:29 | כָּל־חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם מִן־הָאָדָ֖ם לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | No dedication which is dedicated by man will be redeemed, under penalty of certainly being put to death. | certainly being put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 27:30 | וְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֨ר הָאָ֜רֶץ מִזֶּ֤רַע הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ לַיהוָ֖ה ה֑וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And every tithe of the land, whether from seed of the land or from fruit of the tree is the Lord's. It is holy to the Lord. | holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 27:31 | וְאִם־גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ חֲמִשִׁית֖וֹ יֹסֵ֥ף עָלָֽיו׃ | And if a man redeems anything at all of his tithe, he will add a fifth to it. | redeems ... at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Lev 27:32 | וְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And as for every tithe of oxen or sheep, everything that passes under the staff, a tenth of it will be holy to the Lord. |
passes under the staff: i.e. is counted.
holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 27:33 | לֹ֧א יְבַקֵּ֛ר בֵּֽין־ט֥וֹב לָרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א יְמִירֶ֑נּוּ וְאִם־הָמֵ֣ר יְמִירֶ֔נּוּ וְהָֽיָה־ה֧וּא וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל׃ | He shall not search out whether it is good or bad, and he will not exchange it. And if he does after all exchange it, then it will be the case that both it and the exchange will be holy. It will not be redeemed.’ ” |
he does after all exchange it: infinitive absolute.
holy ← holiness. |
| Lev 27:34 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר סִינָֽי׃ | These are the commandments with which the Lord charged Moses concerning the sons of Israel at Mount Sinai. | |
| Num 1:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד בְּאֶחָד֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֜י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְצֵאתָ֛ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert in the tent of contact on the first day of the second month in the second year since they came out of the land of Egypt, and he said, | the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| Num 1:2 | שְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֔וֹת כָּל־זָכָ֖ר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם׃ | “Hold a census of all the congregation of the sons of Israel according to their families, according to their paternal house, for the number of the names of every male according to their headcount. |
hold a census ← take the head / sum.
headcount ← skulls. |
| Num 1:3 | מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תִּפְקְד֥וּ אֹתָ֛ם לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם אַתָּ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃ | From twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army in Israel – you and Aaron will count them according to their armies. | who could serve in the army ← who goes out army. Perhaps workforce rather than army in the context of this chapter. See also Num 8:25. |
| Num 1:4 | וְאִתְּכֶ֣ם יִהְי֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ לַמַּטֶּ֑ה אִ֛ישׁ רֹ֥אשׁ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָ֖יו הֽוּא׃ | And one man per tribe will be with you: he who is the chief man of his paternal house. | one man per tribe ← a man, a man for the tribe. |
| Num 1:5 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַֽעַמְד֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם לִרְאוּבֵ֕ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ | And these are the names of the men who will stand with you: for Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur. | |
| Num 1:6 | לְשִׁמְע֕וֹן שְׁלֻמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ | For Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. | Zurishaddai: see Num 2:12. |
| Num 1:7 | לִֽיהוּדָ֕ה נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃ | For Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab. | |
| Num 1:8 | לְיִ֨שָּׂשכָ֔ר נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃ | For Issachar, Nethaneel the son of Zuar. | Nethaneel ← Nethan'el, the syllable -than- being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Num 1:9 | לִזְבוּלֻ֕ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃ | For Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon. | |
| Num 1:10 | לִבְנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֕יִם אֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיה֑וּד לִמְנַשֶּׁ֕ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר׃ | For the sons of Joseph: for Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud; for Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. | Gamaliel ← Gamliel, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Num 1:11 | לְבִ֨נְיָמִ֔ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃ | For Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni. | Gideoni ← Gid'oni, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The same applies to Gideon. See Gen 31:21. |
| Num 1:12 | לְדָ֕ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ | For Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. | |
| Num 1:13 | לְאָשֵׁ֕ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן׃ | For Asher, Pagiel the son of Ocran. | Ocran ← Ochran, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Ocran does not recognize the soft kaph (as in Issachar). |
| Num 1:14 | לְגָ֕ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃ | For Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel. | |
| Num 1:15 | לְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ | For Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.” | |
| Num 1:16 | אֵ֚לֶּה *קריאי **קְרוּאֵ֣י הָעֵדָ֔ה נְשִׂיאֵ֖י מַטּ֣וֹת אֲבוֹתָ֑ם רָאשֵׁ֛י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽם׃ | These are those called out from the congregation, the leading men from the tribes of their fathers. They are the heads of the families of Israel. |
those called out: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
families: or, as AV, thousands. So AV differs. |
| Num 1:17 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן אֵ֚ת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִקְּב֖וּ בְּשֵׁמֽוֹת׃ | So Moses and Aaron took those men who were specified by their names, | |
| Num 1:18 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הָעֵדָ֜ה הִקְהִ֗ילוּ בְּאֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיִּתְיַֽלְד֥וּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֗וֹת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה וָמַ֖עְלָה לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם׃ | and they assembled the whole congregation on the first day of the second month, and they declared their genealogy according to their families, by their paternal house, according to the number of their names, from twenty years old and above, according to their headcount. | headcount ← skulls. |
| Num 1:19 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַֽיִּפְקְדֵ֖ם בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ פ | As the Lord commanded Moses, so he counted them in the Sinai Desert. | |
| Num 1:20 | וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שֵׁמוֹת֙ לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם כָּל־זָכָ֗ר מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | And for the sons of Reuben, the eldest son of Israel, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names according to their headcount – every male from twenty years old and above, everyone who could serve in the army – |
headcount ← skulls.
serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:21 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֑ן שִׁשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Reuben came to forty-six thousand five hundred. | came to ← were (the first word of the previous verse). |
| Num 1:22 | לִבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֔וֹן תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם פְּקֻדָ֗יו בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שֵׁמוֹת֙ לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם כָּל־זָכָ֗ר מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Simeon, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, those of his men counted, by the number of their names according to their headcount – every male from twenty years old and above, everyone who could serve in the army – |
headcount ← skulls.
serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:23 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה שִׁמְע֑וֹן תִּשְׁעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Simeon came to fifty-nine thousand three hundred. | |
| Num 1:24 | לִבְנֵ֣י גָ֔ד תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֗וֹת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Gad, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:25 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה גָ֑ד חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Gad came to forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty. | |
| Num 1:26 | לִבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Judah, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:27 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֑ה אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Judah came to seventy-four thousand six hundred. | |
| Num 1:28 | לִבְנֵ֣י יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Issachar, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:29 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה יִשָּׂשכָ֑ר אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Issachar came to fifty-four thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 1:30 | לִבְנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻ֔ן תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Zebulun, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:31 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֑ן שִׁבְעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Zebulun came to fifty-seven thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 1:32 | לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Joseph, for the sons of Ephraim, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:33 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה אֶפְרָ֑יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Ephraim came to forty thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 1:34 | לִבְנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֗וֹת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Manasseh, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:35 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה שְׁנַ֧יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Manasseh came to thirty-two thousand two hundred. | |
| Num 1:36 | לִבְנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Benjamin, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:37 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֑ן חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Benjamin came to thirty-five thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 1:38 | לִבְנֵ֣י דָ֔ן תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Dan, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:39 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה דָ֑ן שְׁנַ֧יִם וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Dan came to sixty-two thousand seven hundred. | |
| Num 1:40 | לִבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֔ר תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | For the sons of Asher, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:41 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֑ר אֶחָ֧ד וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Asher came to forty-one thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 1:42 | בְּנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֔י תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמֹ֗ת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ | The sons of Naphtali, in their genealogy according to their families, according to their paternal house, by the number of their names from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:43 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֑י שְׁלֹשָׁ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | those of them counted in the tribe of Naphtali came to fifty-three thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 1:44 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַפְּקֻדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ פָּקַ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ וּנְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אִ֑ישׁ אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָ֖יו הָיֽוּ׃ | These are those who were counted, whom Moses and Aaron counted with the leading men of Israel. There were twelve of these men – one man for each paternal house. | for each ← for his. |
| Num 1:45 | וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ כָּל־פְּקוּדֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they were all the sons of Israel who were counted, according to their paternal house, from twenty years old and above – everyone who could serve in the army in Israel – | serve in the army ← go out army. |
| Num 1:46 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֑ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | and all those counted came to six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty. | came to ← were. |
| Num 1:47 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֖ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה אֲבֹתָ֑ם לֹ֥א הָתְפָּקְד֖וּ בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ פ | But the Levites, according to the tribe of their fathers, were not counted among them. | |
| Num 1:48 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 1:49 | אַ֣ךְ אֶת־מַטֵּ֤ה לֵוִי֙ לֹ֣א תִפְקֹ֔ד וְאֶת־רֹאשָׁ֖ם לֹ֣א תִשָּׂ֑א בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Now you shall not count the tribe of Levi, and you shall not hold a census of them among the sons of Israel. | hold a census ← take the head / sum. |
| Num 1:50 | וְאַתָּ֡ה הַפְקֵ֣ד אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם֩ עַל־מִשְׁכַּ֨ן הָעֵדֻ֜ת וְעַ֣ל כָּל־כֵּלָיו֮ וְעַ֣ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֒ הֵ֜מָּה יִשְׂא֤וּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְהֵ֖ם יְשָׁרְתֻ֑הוּ וְסָבִ֥יב לַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יַחֲנֽוּ׃ | But you shall appoint the Levites over the tabernacle of the testimony and over all its equipment and over everything that belongs to it. They will carry the tabernacle and all its equipment, and they will serve it, and they will encamp around the tabernacle. | |
| Num 1:51 | וּבִנְסֹ֣עַ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ן יוֹרִ֤ידוּ אֹתוֹ֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וּבַחֲנֹת֙ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יָקִ֥ימוּ אֹת֖וֹ הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ | And when the tabernacle is moved, the Levites will take it down, and when the tabernacle is pitched, the Levites will set it up, and any foreigner who comes near will be put to death. | is moved ← travels. |
| Num 1:52 | וְחָנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֧ישׁ עַֽל־מַחֲנֵ֛הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ עַל־דִּגְל֖וֹ לְצִבְאֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Israel will pitch their camp, each one at his own encampment, and each one at his own ensign, according to their armies. | each one ... each one ← a man ... a man, but the word can also mean each. |
| Num 1:53 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם יַחֲנ֤וּ סָבִיב֙ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֔ת וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה קֶ֔צֶף עַל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשָׁמְרוּ֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת מִשְׁכַּ֥ן הָעֵדֽוּת׃ | But the Levites will encamp around the tabernacle of the testimony, so that there will be no wrath on the congregation of the sons of Israel, and the Levites will keep the observance of the tabernacle of the testimony.” | keep the observance of ← keep the “keeping” / guard of. |
| Num 1:54 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ פ | And the sons of Israel did it. They acted according to everything that the Lord commanded Moses. | they acted ← accordingly they acted. |
| Num 2:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Num 2:2 | אִ֣ישׁ עַל־דִּגְל֤וֹ בְאֹתֹת֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֔ם יַחֲנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִנֶּ֕גֶד סָבִ֥יב לְאֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יַחֲנֽוּ׃ | “The sons of Israel will encamp each at his own ensign, at the insignia of their paternal house. They shall encamp at a distance around the tent of contact. | at a distance ← from opposite, but also, [AnLx], aloof from. |
| Num 2:3 | וְהַחֹנִים֙ קֵ֣דְמָה מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֛גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה יְהוּדָ֖ה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃ | And those encamping towards the east, towards sunrise, will be those of the ensign of the camp of Judah, according to their armies, and the leader of the sons of Judah will be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.” | |
| Num 2:4 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to seventy-four thousand six hundred. | |
| Num 2:5 | וְהַחֹנִ֥ים עָלָ֖יו מַטֵּ֣ה יִשָּׂשכָ֑ר וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃ | “And those encamping next to him will be the tribe of Issachar, and the leader of the sons of Issachar will be Nethaneel the son of Zuar.” | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Num 2:6 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדָ֑יו אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | And his army and his men who were counted came to fifty-four thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 2:7 | מַטֵּ֖ה זְבוּלֻ֑ן וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃ | “As for the tribe of Zebulun, now the leader of the sons of Zebulun will be Eliab the son of Helon.” | |
| Num 2:8 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדָ֑יו שִׁבְעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and his men who were counted came to fifty-seven thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 2:9 | כָּֽל־הַפְּקֻדִ֞ים לְמַחֲנֵ֣ה יְהוּדָ֗ה מְאַ֨ת אֶ֜לֶף וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף וְשֵֽׁשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֖וֹת לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה יִסָּֽעוּ׃ ס | All those counted of the camp of Judah came to one hundred and eighty-six thousand four hundred in their armies. “They will move camp first. | |
| Num 2:10 | דֶּ֣גֶל מַחֲנֵ֧ה רְאוּבֵ֛ן תֵּימָ֖נָה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ | The ensign of the camp of Reuben will be to the south, according to their armies, and the leader of the sons of Reuben will be Elizur the son of Shedeur.” | |
| Num 2:11 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדָ֑יו שִׁשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and his men who were counted came to forty-six thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 2:12 | וְהַחוֹנִ֥ם עָלָ֖יו מַטֵּ֣ה שִׁמְע֑וֹן וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֔וֹן שְׁלֻמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽי־שַׁדָּֽי׃ | “And those encamping next to him will be the tribe of Simeon, and the leader of the sons of Simeon will be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.” | Zurishaddai: hyphenated in Hebrew here (Zuri-Shaddai), but not in Num 1:6, Num 7:36, Num 7:41. Two words in Num 10:19. |
| Num 2:13 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם תִּשְׁעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to fifty-nine thousand three hundred. | |
| Num 2:14 | וְמַטֵּ֖ה גָּ֑ד וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י גָ֔ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־רְעוּאֵֽל׃ | “As for the tribe of Gad, now the leader of the sons of Gad will be Eliasaph the son of Reuel.” | as for: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 2:15 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty. | |
| Num 2:16 | כָּֽל־הַפְּקֻדִ֞ים לְמַחֲנֵ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֗ן מְאַ֨ת אֶ֜לֶף וְאֶחָ֨ד וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וּשְׁנִיִּ֖ם יִסָּֽעוּ׃ ס | All those counted from the camp of Reuben came to one hundred and fifty-one thousand four hundred and fifty, according to their armies. “And they will move camp second in line. | |
| Num 2:17 | וְנָסַ֧ע אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֛ד מַחֲנֵ֥ה הַלְוִיִּ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֹ֑ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יַחֲנוּ֙ כֵּ֣ן יִסָּ֔עוּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־יָד֖וֹ לְדִגְלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And the tent of contact will move with the camp of the Levites in the middle of the camps. As they encamp, that is how they will be moved, with each man in his place according to their ensigns. |
that is how ← thus.
place ← hand, but also, [AnLx] № VI, place. |
| Num 2:18 | דֶּ֣גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה אֶפְרַ֛יִם לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם יָ֑מָּה וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ | The ensign of the camp of Ephraim according to their armies will be to the west, and the leader of the sons of Ephraim will be Elishama the son of Ammihud.” | |
| Num 2:19 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to forty thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 2:20 | וְעָלָ֖יו מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר׃ | “And next to him will be the tribe of Manasseh, and the leader of the sons of Manasseh will be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.” | Gamaliel: see Num 1:10. |
| Num 2:21 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to thirty-two thousand two hundred. | |
| Num 2:22 | וּמַטֵּ֖ה בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃ | “As for the tribe of Benjamin, now the leader of the sons of Benjamin will be Abidan the son of Gideoni.” | Gideoni: see Num 1:11. |
| Num 2:23 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to thirty-five thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 2:24 | כָּֽל־הַפְּקֻדִ֞ים לְמַחֲנֵ֣ה אֶפְרַ֗יִם מְאַ֥ת אֶ֛לֶף וּשְׁמֹֽנַת־אֲלָפִ֥ים וּמֵאָ֖ה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וּשְׁלִשִׁ֖ים יִסָּֽעוּ׃ ס | All those counted from the camp of Ephraim came to one hundred and eight thousand one hundred, according to their armies. “And they will move third in line. | |
| Num 2:25 | דֶּ֣גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה דָ֛ן צָפֹ֖נָה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י דָ֔ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ | The ensign of the camp of Dan will be to the north, according to their armies, and the leader of the sons of Dan will be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.” | |
| Num 2:26 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to sixty-two thousand seven hundred. | |
| Num 2:27 | וְהַחֹנִ֥ים עָלָ֖יו מַטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֑ר וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֔ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן׃ | “And those who encamp next to him will be the tribe of Asher, and the leader of the sons of Asher will be Pagiel the son of Ocran.” | Ocran: see Num 1:13. |
| Num 2:28 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אֶחָ֧ד וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to forty-one thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 2:29 | וּמַטֵּ֖ה נַפְתָּלִ֑י וְנָשִׂיא֙ לִבְנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֔י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ | “As for the tribe of Naphtali, now the leader of the sons of Naphtali will be Ahira the son of Enan.” | |
| Num 2:30 | וּצְבָא֖וֹ וּפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his army and those of them who were counted came to fifty-three thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 2:31 | כָּל־הַפְּקֻדִים֙ לְמַ֣חֲנֵה דָ֔ן מְאַ֣ת אֶ֗לֶף וְשִׁבְעָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת לָאַחֲרֹנָ֥ה יִסְע֖וּ לְדִגְלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | All those counted from the camp of Dan came to one hundred and fifty-seven thousand six hundred. “They will move camp according to their ensigns last.” | |
| Num 2:32 | אֵ֛לֶּה פְּקוּדֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם כָּל־פְּקוּדֵ֤י הַֽמַּחֲנֹת֙ לְצִבְאֹתָ֔ם שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | These are the men of the sons of Israel who were counted according to their paternal house. All those counted by the camps of their armies came to six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty. | |
| Num 2:33 | וְהַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹ֣א הָתְפָּקְד֔וּ בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | But the Levites were not counted among the sons of Israel, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Num 2:34 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כֵּֽן־חָנ֤וּ לְדִגְלֵיהֶם֙ וְכֵ֣ן נָסָ֔עוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖יו עַל־בֵּ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And the sons of Israel acted according to everything that the Lord had commanded Moses. That is how they encamped according to their ensigns, and that is how they moved camp, each man according to his families, according to his paternal house. | that is how (2x) ← thus. |
| Num 3:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | Now this is the genealogy of Aaron and Moses, on the day when the Lord spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai. | |
| Num 3:2 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַבְּכ֣וֹר ׀ נָדָ֑ב וַאֲבִיה֕וּא אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃ | These are the names of the sons of Aaron. The firstborn was Nadab, then Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 3:3 | אֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים הַמְּשֻׁחִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּ֥א יָדָ֖ם לְכַהֵֽן׃ | These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests who are anointed, whom he appointed to serve as priests. | appointed ← filled their hand. |
| Num 3:4 | וַיָּ֣מָת נָדָ֣ב וַאֲבִיה֣וּא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֡ה בְּֽהַקְרִבָם֩ אֵ֨שׁ זָרָ֜ה לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר סִינַ֔י וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־הָי֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיְכַהֵ֤ן אֶלְעָזָר֙ וְאִ֣יתָמָ֔ר עַל־פְּנֵ֖י אַהֲרֹ֥ן אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ פ | But Nadab and Abihu died before the Lord when they offered strange fire before the Lord in the Sinai Desert, and they had no sons, and Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests alongside Aaron their father. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
alongside ← at the face of. |
| Num 3:5 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 3:6 | הַקְרֵב֙ אֶת־מַטֵּ֣ה לֵוִ֔י וְֽהַעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְשֵׁרְת֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | “Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest so that they serve him. |
them ← it, i.e. the tribe.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 3:7 | וְשָׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗וֹ וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And they will discharge the duty he imposes, and the duty towards the whole congregation before the tent of contact, in performing the service of the tabernacle. |
the duty he imposes ← his duty.
in performing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 3:8 | וְשָׁמְר֗וּ אֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵי֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | And they will have charge over all the equipment of the tent of contact, and a duty to the sons of Israel, to perform the service of the tabernacle. | |
| Num 3:9 | וְנָתַתָּה֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו נְתוּנִ֨ם נְתוּנִ֥ם הֵ֙מָּה֙ ל֔וֹ מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons. They are absolutely given to him from the sons of Israel. | absolutely given ← given, given. |
| Num 3:10 | וְאֶת־אַהֲרֹ֤ן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ תִּפְקֹ֔ד וְשָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־כְּהֻנָּתָ֑ם וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ פ | And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they will be diligent in their priesthood, and any foreigner who approaches will be put to death.” | be diligent in ← keep. |
| Num 3:11 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 3:12 | וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה לָקַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִתּוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תַּ֧חַת כָּל־בְּכ֛וֹר פֶּ֥טֶר רֶ֖חֶם מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | “Note how I have taken the Levites from among the sons of Israel instead of every firstborn, who opens the womb from the sons of Israel, and the Levites will be mine. | note how I ← And I, behold. |
| Num 3:13 | כִּ֣י לִי֮ כָּל־בְּכוֹר֒ בְּיוֹם֩ הַכֹּתִ֨י כָל־בְּכ֜וֹר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם הִקְדַּ֨שְׁתִּי לִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאָדָ֖ם עַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה לִ֥י יִהְי֖וּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | For every firstborn is mine. On the day when I struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, I sanctified to myself every firstborn in Israel, both man and beast. They will be mine. I am the Lord.” | both man and beast ← from man to beast. See 1 Sam 15:3. |
| Num 3:14 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert and said, | |
| Num 3:15 | פְּקֹד֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם כָּל־זָכָ֛ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֥דֶשׁ וָמַ֖עְלָה תִּפְקְדֵֽם׃ | “Count the sons of Levi according to their paternal house, according to their families. You shall count every male from a month old and above.” | you shall count ← you shall count them. |
| Num 3:16 | וַיִּפְקֹ֥ד אֹתָ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צֻוָּֽה׃ | So Moses counted them according to the instruction of the Lord, as he was commanded. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 3:17 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ־אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־לֵוִ֖י בִּשְׁמֹתָ֑ם גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּקְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִֽי׃ | And these were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon and Kohath and Merari. | Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 3:18 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם לִבְנִ֖י וְשִׁמְעִֽי׃ | And these were the sons of Gershon according to their families: Libni and Shimei. | Shimei: AV= Shimei here, Shimi in Ex 6:17. |
| Num 3:19 | וּבְנֵ֥י קְהָ֖ת לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם עַמְרָ֣ם וְיִצְהָ֔ר חֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Kohath according to their families were Amram and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. |
Kohath: see Gen 46:11.
Izhar: AV= Izehar, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. |
| Num 3:20 | וּבְנֵ֧י מְרָרִ֛י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֑י אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֛ם מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַלֵּוִ֖י לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Merari according to their families were Mahli and Mushi. These were of the families of Levi according to their paternal house. | |
| Num 3:21 | לְגֵ֣רְשׁ֔וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַלִּבְנִ֔י וּמִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁמְעִ֑י אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֔ם מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּֽי׃ | Gershon had a family branch of Libni and a family branch of Shimei. These are those of the Gershonite families. | Shimei: see Num 3:18. |
| Num 3:22 | פְּקֻדֵיהֶם֙ בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר כָּל־זָכָ֔ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֖דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה פְּקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | Those of them counted in the census of every male from a month old and upwards – those of them counted – came to seven thousand five hundred. | census ← number. |
| Num 3:23 | מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֑י אַחֲרֵ֧י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן יַחֲנ֖וּ יָֽמָּה׃ | The Gershonite families will encamp behind the tabernacle to the west. | |
| Num 3:24 | וּנְשִׂ֥יא בֵֽית־אָ֖ב לַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֑י אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־לָאֵֽל׃ | And the leader of the paternal house of the Gershonites was Eliasaph the son of Lael. | |
| Num 3:25 | וּמִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת בְּנֵֽי־גֵרְשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְהָאֹ֑הֶל מִכְסֵ֕הוּ וּמָסַ֕ךְ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the duty of the sons of Gershon was in the tent of contact – the tabernacle and the tent, its covering and the screen at the entrance to the tent of contact, | screen at ← screen of. |
| Num 3:26 | וְקַלְעֵ֣י הֶֽחָצֵ֗ר וְאֶת־מָסַךְ֙ פֶּ֣תַח הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֧ר עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְעַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִ֑יב וְאֵת֙ מֵֽיתָרָ֔יו לְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ | and the drapes of the courtyard, and the screen at the entrance to the courtyard which is at the tabernacle, and by the altar, round about, and its guylines, for all its service. | screen at ← screen of. |
| Num 3:27 | וְלִקְהָ֗ת מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַֽעַמְרָמִי֙ וּמִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַיִּצְהָרִ֔י וּמִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַֽחֶבְרֹנִ֔י וּמִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽעָזִּיאֵלִ֑י אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַקְּהָתִֽי׃ | And from Kohath was the Amramite family, and the Izharite family, and the Hebronite family, and the Uzzielite family. These were the Kohathite families, |
from ← to.
Kohath ... Kohathite: see Gen 46:11. Izharite: see Num 3:19. |
| Num 3:28 | בְּמִסְפַּר֙ כָּל־זָכָ֔ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֖דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה שְׁמֹנַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת שֹׁמְרֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | who were in number – every male from one month old and above – eight thousand six hundred, who were the entrusted stewards of the operations of the holy place. | entrusted stewards of the operations of ← keepers of the “keeping” / guard of. Similar to Num 1:53. |
| Num 3:29 | מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־קְהָ֖ת יַחֲנ֑וּ עַ֛ל יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן תֵּימָֽנָה׃ | “The families of the sons of Kohath will encamp on the southern side of the tabernacle.” |
Kohath: see Gen 46:11.
side ← thigh. |
| Num 3:30 | וּנְשִׂ֥יא בֵֽית־אָ֖ב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֑י אֶלִיצָפָ֖ן בֶּן־עֻזִּיאֵֽל׃ | And the leader of the paternal house of the Kohathite families was Elizaphan the son of Uzziel. | Kohathite: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 3:31 | וּמִשְׁמַרְתָּ֗ם הָאָרֹ֤ן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ וְהַמְּנֹרָ֣ה וְהַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֔ת וּכְלֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשָׁרְת֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם וְהַ֨מָּסָ֔ךְ וְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ | “And their duty is to the ark and the table and the lampstand and the altars and the equipment of the holy place, with which they serve, and the screen and all its service.” | |
| Num 3:32 | וּנְשִׂיא֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הַלֵּוִ֔י אֶלְעָזָ֖ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן פְּקֻדַּ֕ת שֹׁמְרֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And the leader of the leaders of the Levites, Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, had oversight of the entrusted stewards of the operations of the holy place. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
entrusted stewards of the operations of: see Num 3:28. |
| Num 3:33 | לִמְרָרִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַמַּחְלִ֔י וּמִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמּוּשִׁ֑י אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת מְרָרִֽי׃ | And from Merari was the Mahlite family and the Mushite family. These were the families of Merari. | from ← (belonging) to, because descended from, Num 3:20. |
| Num 3:34 | וּפְקֻדֵיהֶם֙ בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר כָּל־זָכָ֔ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֖דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | And those of them counted, the number of all males, from a month old and above, came to six thousand two hundred. | the number ← by number. |
| Num 3:35 | וּנְשִׂ֤יא בֵֽית־אָב֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת מְרָרִ֔י צוּרִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־אֲבִיחָ֑יִל עַ֣ל יֶ֧רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן יַחֲנ֖וּ צָפֹֽנָה׃ | And the leader of the paternal house of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. “They will encamp on the northern side of the tabernacle. | side ← thigh. |
| Num 3:36 | וּפְקֻדַּ֣ת מִשְׁמֶרֶת֮ בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִי֒ קַרְשֵׁי֙ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וּבְרִיחָ֖יו וְעַמֻּדָ֣יו וַאֲדָנָ֑יו וְכָל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ | And the duty appointed to the sons of Merari is the boards of the tabernacle, and its bolts, and its columns and its sockets and all its equipment and all its service, | duty appointed ← appointment of duty. |
| Num 3:37 | וְעַמֻּדֵ֧י הֶחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֑ם וִיתֵדֹתָ֖ם וּמֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם׃ | and the columns of the courtyard round about, and their sockets, and their pegs and their guylines. | |
| Num 3:38 | וְהַחֹנִ֣ים לִפְנֵ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֡ן קֵ֣דְמָה לִפְנֵי֩ אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֨ד ׀ מִזְרָ֜חָה מֹשֶׁ֣ה ׀ וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֗יו שֹֽׁמְרִים֙ מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַמִּקְדָּ֔שׁ לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ | Then those who encamp before the tabernacle on the east, to the eastern side in front of the tent of contact, will be Moses and Aaron and his sons, keeping the observance of the sanctuary, according to the duty of the sons of Israel. And any foreigner who approaches will be put to death.” | keeping the observance of ← keeping the “keeping” / guard of. |
| Num 3:39 | כָּל־פְּקוּדֵ֨י הַלְוִיִּ֜ם אֲשֶׁר֩ פָּקַ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְׄאַׄהֲׄרֹ֛ׄןׄ עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם כָּל־זָכָר֙ מִבֶּן־חֹ֣דֶשׁ וָמַ֔עְלָה שְׁנַ֥יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ ס | All those of the Levites who were counted, those whom Moses and Aaron counted according to the instruction of the Lord, according to their families, every male from a month old and above, came to twenty-two thousand. |
and Aaron: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] considers the words to be extraneous.
instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 3:40 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה פְּקֹ֨ד כָּל־בְּכֹ֤ר זָכָר֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֶּן־חֹ֖דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה וְשָׂ֕א אֵ֖ת מִסְפַּ֥ר שְׁמֹתָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Count every male firstborn of the sons of Israel, from one month old and above, and take the number of their names. | |
| Num 3:41 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֨ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֥ם לִי֙ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת כָּל־בְּכֹ֖ר בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאֵת֙ בֶּהֱמַ֣ת הַלְוִיִּ֔ם תַּ֣חַת כָּל־בְּכ֔וֹר בְּבֶהֱמַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will take the Levites for me – I am the Lord – instead of every firstborn among the sons of Israel, and the Levites' cattle instead of every firstborn among the cattle of the sons of Israel.” | |
| Num 3:42 | וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד מֹשֶׁ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּכֹ֖ר בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So Moses counted all the firstborn among the sons of Israel, as the Lord had commanded him. | |
| Num 3:43 | וַיְהִי֩ כָל־בְּכ֨וֹר זָכָ֜ר בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר שֵׁמ֛וֹת מִבֶּן־חֹ֥דֶשׁ וָמַ֖עְלָה לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁנַ֤יִם וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ פ | And all the male firstborn, by the number of the names, from one month old and above of those of them counted, came to twenty-two thousand two hundred and seventy-three. | came to ← were. |
| Num 3:44 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 3:45 | קַ֣ח אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם תַּ֤חַת כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־בֶּהֱמַ֥ת הַלְוִיִּ֖ם תַּ֣חַת בְּהֶמְתָּ֑ם וְהָיוּ־לִ֥י הַלְוִיִּ֖ם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | “Take the Levites instead of every firstborn among the sons of Israel, and the Levites' cattle instead of their cattle, and the Levites will be mine. I am the Lord. | |
| Num 3:46 | וְאֵת֙ פְּדוּיֵ֣י הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהַשִּׁבְעִ֖ים וְהַמָּאתָ֑יִם הָעֹֽדְפִים֙ עַל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִבְּכ֖וֹר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for those to be redeemed, the two hundred and seventy-three who are in excess of the Levites, from the firstborn sons of Israel, | The round numbers of Num 3:33, Num 3:28, Num 3:34 show an excess of 300, to the nearest 100. The Levites were counted in Num 3:39, an exact figure. |
| Num 3:47 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֗ חֲמֵ֧שֶׁת חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים לַגֻּלְגֹּ֑לֶת בְּשֶׁ֤קֶל הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ תִּקָּ֔ח עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל׃ | you will take five shekels for each in the headcount. According to the holy shekel you will take them. There are twenty gerahs to the shekel. | five shekels for each in the headcount ← five, five shekels for a skull. |
| Num 3:48 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה הַכֶּ֔סֶף לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו פְּדוּיֵ֕י הָעֹדְפִ֖ים בָּהֶֽם׃ | And you will give the money to Aaron and to his sons, for those to be redeemed who are in excess.” | money: or silver. |
| Num 3:49 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֖ת כֶּ֣סֶף הַפִּדְי֑וֹם מֵאֵת֙ הָעֹ֣דְפִ֔ים עַ֖ל פְּדוּיֵ֥י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And Moses took the redemption money from those who were in excess of those of the Levites who were redeemed. | |
| Num 3:50 | מֵאֵ֗ת בְּכ֛וֹר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לָקַ֣ח אֶת־הַכָּ֑סֶף חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֜ים וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת וָאֶ֖לֶף בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | He took the money from the firstborn of the sons of Israel – one thousand three hundred and sixty-five shekels according to the holy shekel. | |
| Num 3:51 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־כֶּ֧סֶף הַפְּדֻיִ֛ם לְאַהֲרֹ֥ן וּלְבָנָ֖יו עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And Moses gave the money of those redeemed to Aaron and to his sons, according to the instruction of the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 4:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Num 4:2 | נָשֹׂ֗א אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ בְּנֵ֣י קְהָ֔ת מִתּ֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֑י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | “Hold a census of the sons of Kohath among the sons of Levi according to their families, according to their paternal house, |
hold a census: see Num 1:2. Here as an infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 4:3 | מִבֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־בָּא֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מְלָאכָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | of those from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – everyone who could serve in the army – to do work in the tent of contact. | could serve in the army ← comes to the army. Different wording to Num 1:3; based on, but apocopated from, Num 4:23. |
| Num 4:4 | זֹ֛את עֲבֹדַ֥ת בְּנֵי־קְהָ֖ת בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד קֹ֖דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | This is the work of the sons of Kohath in the tent of contact: to do work concerning the holy of holies. | Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 4:5 | וּבָ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ בִּנְסֹ֣עַ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהוֹרִ֕דוּ אֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֣כֶת הַמָּסָ֑ךְ וְכִ֨סּוּ־בָ֔הּ אֵ֖ת אֲרֹ֥ן הָעֵדֻֽת׃ | And Aaron and his sons will come when the camp is moved, and they will take down the screening veil, and they will cover the ark of the testimony with it. |
is moved ← moves.
screening veil ← veil of the screen. |
| Num 4:6 | וְנָתְנ֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּסוּי֙ ע֣וֹר תַּ֔חַשׁ וּפָרְשׂ֧וּ בֶֽגֶד־כְּלִ֛יל תְּכֵ֖לֶת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְשָׂמ֖וּ בַּדָּֽיו׃ | And they will put on it a covering of badgers' skins, and they will spread out a cloth made entirely from blue material on top of it, and they will put its poles in position. |
badgers' skins ← badger's skin (collective usage), and so throughout Numbers, but badgers' skins in Exodus.
made entirely from blue material: compare Ex 28:31, Ex 39:22. |
| Num 4:7 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ שֻׁלְחַ֣ן הַפָּנִ֗ים יִפְרְשׂוּ֮ בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵלֶת֒ וְנָתְנ֣וּ עָ֠לָיו אֶת־הַקְּעָרֹ֤ת וְאֶת־הַכַּפֹּת֙ וְאֶת־הַמְּנַקִּיֹּ֔ת וְאֵ֖ת קְשׂ֣וֹת הַנָּ֑סֶךְ וְלֶ֥חֶם הַתָּמִ֖יד עָלָ֥יו יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And on the display table they will spread out a cloth of blue material, and they will put on it the dishes and spoons and vials and bowls for libations, and there will be the perpetual bread on it. | bowls for libations ← bowls for the libation. AV differs (covers to cover), as in Ex 25:29. |
| Num 4:8 | וּפָרְשׂ֣וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם בֶּ֚גֶד תּוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י וְכִסּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ בְּמִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ וְשָׂמ֖וּ אֶת־בַּדָּֽיו׃ | And they will spread out over them a cloth of scarlet material, and then cover it with a cover of badgers' skins, and they will put its poles in position. | |
| Num 4:9 | וְלָקְח֣וּ ׀ בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵ֗לֶת וְכִסּ֞וּ אֶת־מְנֹרַ֤ת הַמָּאוֹר֙ וְאֶת־נֵ֣רֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־מַלְקָחֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־מַחְתֹּתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י שַׁמְנָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשָׁרְתוּ־לָ֖הּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And they will take a cloth of blue material, and they will cover the lampstand for illumination, and its lamps and its snuffing-tongs and its snuff-dishes, and all the equipment for its oil with which they serve it. | |
| Num 4:10 | וְנָתְנ֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶ֔יהָ אֶל־מִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ וְנָתְנ֖וּ עַל־הַמּֽוֹט׃ | And they shall put it and all its equipment in a covering of badgers' skins, and they will put that on a pole. | a pole ← the pole. Not the same word as in Num 4:6 and Num 4:8. |
| Num 4:11 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֗ב יִפְרְשׂוּ֙ בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵ֔לֶת וְכִסּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ בְּמִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ וְשָׂמ֖וּ אֶת־בַּדָּֽיו׃ | And they will spread out a cloth of blue material on the golden altar, and they will cover it with a covering of badgers' skins, and they will put its poles in position. | |
| Num 4:12 | וְלָקְחוּ֩ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֨י הַשָּׁרֵ֜ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר יְשָֽׁרְתוּ־בָ֣ם בַּקֹּ֗דֶשׁ וְנָֽתְנוּ֙ אֶל־בֶּ֣גֶד תְּכֵ֔לֶת וְכִסּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם בְּמִכְסֵ֖ה ע֣וֹר תָּ֑חַשׁ וְנָתְנ֖וּ עַל־הַמּֽוֹט׃ | And they will take all the equipment for the service with which they officiate in the holy place, and they will put it in a cloth of blue material, and they will cover it in a covering of badgers' skins, and they will put it on a pole. | |
| Num 4:13 | וְדִשְּׁנ֖וּ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּפָרְשׂ֣וּ עָלָ֔יו בֶּ֖גֶד אַרְגָּמָֽן׃ | And they will remove the ash from the altar and then spread a cloth of purple material on it. | |
| Num 4:14 | וְנָתְנ֣וּ עָ֠לָיו אֶֽת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֞יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְֽשָׁרְת֧וּ עָלָ֣יו בָּהֶ֗ם אֶת־הַמַּחְתֹּ֤ת אֶת־הַמִּזְלָגֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹ֔ת כֹּ֖ל כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּפָרְשׂ֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּס֛וּי ע֥וֹר תַּ֖חַשׁ וְשָׂמ֥וּ בַדָּֽיו׃ | And they will put on it all the equipment with which they officiate for it – the firepans, the forks, the shovels, the basins – all the equipment of the altar – and they will spread out a covering of badgers' skins over it and put its poles in position. | |
| Num 4:15 | וְכִלָּ֣ה אַֽהֲרֹן־וּ֠בָנָיו לְכַסֹּ֨ת אֶת־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַקֹּדֶשׁ֮ בִּנְסֹ֣עַ הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן יָבֹ֤אוּ בְנֵי־קְהָת֙ לָשֵׂ֔את וְלֹֽא־יִגְּע֥וּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ וָמֵ֑תוּ אֵ֛לֶּה מַשָּׂ֥א בְנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And Aaron and his sons will finish covering the holy things and all the equipment of the holy place when the camp is moved. And after that the sons of Kohath will come to carry it. Then they will not touch the holy things, otherwise they will die. These charges are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tent of contact. |
is moved ← moves.
otherwise: wider use of the vav. Kohath (2x): see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 4:16 | וּפְקֻדַּ֞ת אֶלְעָזָ֣ר ׀ בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמָּאוֹר֙ וּקְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֔ים וּמִנְחַ֥ת הַתָּמִ֖יד וְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֑ה פְּקֻדַּ֗ת כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֔וֹ בְּקֹ֖דֶשׁ וּבְכֵלָֽיו׃ ס | And the duty of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest is the oil of the light and the aromatic incense, and the perpetual meal-offering, and the anointing oil, the oversight of the whole tabernacle and everything in it – of the holy place and of its equipment.” | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 4:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Num 4:18 | אַל־תַּכְרִ֕יתוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֖בֶט מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֑י מִתּ֖וֹךְ הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | “Do not cut off the tribe of the families of Kohath from among the Levites. | Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 4:19 | וְזֹ֣את ׀ עֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם וְחָיוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֔תוּ בְּגִשְׁתָּ֖ם אֶת־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ יָבֹ֔אוּ וְשָׂמ֣וּ אוֹתָ֗ם אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ עַל־עֲבֹדָת֖וֹ וְאֶל־מַשָּׂאֽוֹ׃ | But do this for them so that they live and do not die, when they approach the holy of holies: Aaron and his sons will enter, then you are to appoint each individually concerning his work and his burden. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 4:20 | וְלֹא־יָבֹ֧אוּ לִרְא֛וֹת כְּבַלַּ֥ע אֶת־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ וָמֵֽתוּ׃ פ | But they will not enter to look when the holy place is wrapped up, whereby they would die.” | when ... is wrapped up ← at the swallowing of. [BDB]= for an instant. |
| Num 4:21 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 4:22 | נָשֹׂ֗א אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן גַּם־הֵ֑ם לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | “Hold a census of the sons of Gershon – them too – according to their paternal house, according to their families. | hold a census: see Num 1:2. Here it is an infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Num 4:23 | מִבֶּן֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה וָמַ֗עְלָה עַ֛ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּפְקֹ֣ד אוֹתָ֑ם כָּל־הַבָּא֙ לִצְבֹ֣א צָבָ֔א לַעֲבֹ֥ד עֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | You will count them from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – everyone who could serve in the army – to perform service in the tent of contact. | who could serve in the army ← who comes to battle a battle / an army. So different wording to Num 1:3. |
| Num 4:24 | זֹ֣את עֲבֹדַ֔ת מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֑י לַעֲבֹ֖ד וּלְמַשָּֽׂא׃ | This is the work of the Gershonite families, for them to perform, and as a burden: | |
| Num 4:25 | וְנָ֨שְׂא֜וּ אֶת־יְרִיעֹ֤ת הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ וְאֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד מִכְסֵ֕הוּ וּמִכְסֵ֛ה הַתַּ֥חַשׁ אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְאֶ֨ת־מָסַ֔ךְ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | that they will carry the curtains of the tabernacle, and the tent of contact, its covering and the covering of badgers' skins which is on top of it, and the screen at the entrance to the tent of contact, | screen at ← screen of. |
| Num 4:26 | וְאֵת֩ קַלְעֵ֨י הֶֽחָצֵ֜ר וְאֶת־מָסַ֣ךְ ׀ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הֶחָצֵ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֤ן וְעַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְאֵת֙ מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֖י עֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה לָהֶ֖ם וְעָבָֽדוּ׃ | and the drapes of the courtyard, and the screen at the entrance of the gate of the courtyard which is around the tabernacle and the altar, and their guylines, and all the equipment for their service, and everything that is made for them, so they can perform it. |
screen at ← screen of.
equipment for ← equipment of. |
| Num 4:27 | עַל־פִּי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּבָנָ֜יו תִּהְיֶ֗ה כָּל־עֲבֹדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֔י לְכָל־מַשָּׂאָ֔ם וּלְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וּפְקַדְתֶּ֤ם עֲלֵהֶם֙ בְּמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַשָּׂאָֽם׃ | All the work of the sons of the Gershonites will be according to the instructions of Aaron and his sons. It will be according to all their burdens and according to all their service, and you will oversee them in the discharging of all their burdens. |
instructions ← mouth.
discharging ← keeping, guarding. |
| Num 4:28 | זֹ֣את עֲבֹדַ֗ת מִשְׁפְּחֹ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֖י בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וּמִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔ם בְּיַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ פ | This is the work of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the tent of contact, and their duty under the control of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. | under the control ← in the hand. |
| Num 4:29 | בְּנֵ֖י מְרָרִ֑י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֥ם לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָ֖ם תִּפְקֹ֥ד אֹתָֽם׃ | As for the sons of Merari, you will count them according to their families, according to their paternal house. | |
| Num 4:30 | מִבֶּן֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה וָמַ֗עְלָה וְעַ֛ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּפְקְדֵ֑ם כָּל־הַבָּא֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לַעֲבֹ֕ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | You will count them from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – all who could serve in the army – to perform the service of the tent of contact. | could serve in the army: different wording to Num 1:3; based on, but apocopated from, Num 4:23. |
| Num 4:31 | וְזֹאת֙ מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת מַשָּׂאָ֔ם לְכָל־עֲבֹדָתָ֖ם בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד קַרְשֵׁי֙ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וּבְרִיחָ֖יו וְעַמּוּדָ֥יו וַאֲדָנָֽיו׃ | And this is the duty of their burden, to see to all their service in the tent of contact, the boards of the tabernacle and its bolts and its columns and its sockets, | |
| Num 4:32 | וְעַמּוּדֵי֩ הֶחָצֵ֨ר סָבִ֜יב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֗ם וִֽיתֵדֹתָם֙ וּמֵ֣יתְרֵיהֶ֔ם לְכָל־כְּלֵיהֶ֔ם וּלְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וּבְשֵׁמֹ֣ת תִּפְקְד֔וּ אֶת־כְּלֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת מַשָּׂאָֽם׃ | and the columns of the courtyard round about, and their sockets, and their pegs, and their guylines – to see to all their equipment, and to see to all their serviceability. And you will count by name the items of equipment for doing the duty of their burden. | |
| Num 4:33 | זֹ֣את עֲבֹדַ֗ת מִשְׁפְּחֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֔י לְכָל־עֲבֹדָתָ֖ם בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד בְּיַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their work in the tent of contact under the control of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.” | under the control ← in the hand. |
| Num 4:34 | וַיִּפְקֹ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְאַהֲרֹ֛ן וּנְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י הַקְּהָתִ֑י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם וּלְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses and Aaron and the leading men of the congregation counted the sons of the Kohathites according to their families and according to their paternal house, | Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 4:35 | מִבֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַבָּא֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לַעֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – everyone who could serve in the army – for service in the tent of contact. | who could serve in the army: see Num 4:30. |
| Num 4:36 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ פְקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם אַלְפַּ֕יִם שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | And those of them counted according to their families came to two thousand seven hundred and fifty. | came to ← were. |
| Num 4:37 | אֵ֤לֶּה פְקוּדֵי֙ מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֔י כָּל־הָעֹבֵ֖ד בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | These are those who were counted from the families of the Kohathites – everyone who served in the tent of contact – whom Moses and Aaron counted, according to the instruction of the Lord, through the intermediacy of Moses. |
Kohathites: see Gen 46:11.
instruction ← mouth. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 4:38 | וּפְקוּדֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁ֑וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֖ם וּלְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | And as for those of the sons of Gershon who were counted, according to their families and according to their paternal house, | |
| Num 4:39 | מִבֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַבָּא֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לַעֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – everyone who could serve in the army – for service in the tent of contact, | who could serve in the army: see Num 4:30. |
| Num 4:40 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ פְּקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם אַלְפַּ֕יִם וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ | those of them counted according to their families, according to their paternal house – came to two thousand six hundred and thirty. | came to ← were. |
| Num 4:41 | אֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֗י מִשְׁפְּחֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁ֔וֹן כָּל־הָעֹבֵ֖ד בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | These are those counted from the families of the sons of Gershon – everyone who serves in the tent of contact – whom Moses and Aaron counted according to the instruction of the Lord. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 4:42 | וּפְקוּדֵ֕י מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֑י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | And as for those counted from the families of the sons of Merari according to their families, according to their paternal house, | |
| Num 4:43 | מִבֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַבָּא֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לַעֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old – everyone who could serve in the army – for service in the tent of contact – | who could serve in the army: see Num 4:30. |
| Num 4:44 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ פְקֻדֵיהֶ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | those of them counted according to their families came to three thousand two hundred. | came to ← were. |
| Num 4:45 | אֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֔י מִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּקַ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | These are those counted from the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron counted, according to the instruction of the Lord through the intermediacy of Moses. |
instruction ← mouth.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 4:46 | כָּֽל־הַפְּקֻדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ פָּקַ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְאַהֲרֹ֛ן וּנְשִׂיאֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם וּלְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָֽם׃ | All those counted, whom Moses and Aaron and the leaders of Israel counted – the Levites according to their families, according to their paternal house, | |
| Num 4:47 | מִבֶּ֨ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה כָּל־הַבָּ֗א לַעֲבֹ֨ד עֲבֹדַ֧ת עֲבֹדָ֛ה וַעֲבֹדַ֥ת מַשָּׂ֖א בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | from thirty years old and above up to fifty years old, everyone who could go to perform the service of the work, and the work of the burden in the tent of contact – | |
| Num 4:48 | וַיִּהְי֖וּ פְּקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁמֹנַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁמֹנִֽים׃ | those of them counted came to eight thousand five hundred and eighty. | came to ← and they were. |
| Num 4:49 | עַל־פִּ֨י יְהוָ֜ה פָּקַ֤ד אוֹתָם֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ עַל־עֲבֹדָת֖וֹ וְעַל־מַשָּׂא֑וֹ וּפְקֻדָ֕יו אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | He counted them according to the instruction of the Lord, through the intermediacy of Moses, each man according to his service and according to his burden. And those counted by him were those whom the Lord commanded Moses. |
instruction ← mouth.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 5:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 5:2 | צַ֚ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וִֽישַׁלְּחוּ֙ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כָּל־צָר֖וּעַ וְכָל־זָ֑ב וְכֹ֖ל טָמֵ֥א לָנָֽפֶשׁ׃ | “Command the sons of Israel that they should cast out from the camp every leper and everyone with a discharge, and everyone who has been defiled by the dead, | the dead ← the soul. See Lev 21:11. |
| Num 5:3 | מִזָּכָ֤ר עַד־נְקֵבָה֙ תְּשַׁלֵּ֔חוּ אֶל־מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה תְּשַׁלְּח֑וּם וְלֹ֤א יְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־מַ֣חֲנֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י שֹׁכֵ֥ן בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | Whether male or female, you will cast them out. To outside the camp you will cast them out, so that they do not defile their camp where I dwell in their midst.” |
them (first occurrence in verse) ← him.
camp: or, theoretically, camps, but see [Ges-HG] §93ss. |
| Num 5:4 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְשַׁלְּח֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And the sons of Israel did so, and they cast them out, to outside the camp. As the Lord had spoken to Moses, so the sons of Israel did. | |
| Num 5:5 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 5:6 | דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּ֤י יַעֲשׂוּ֙ מִכָּל־חַטֹּ֣את הָֽאָדָ֔ם לִמְעֹ֥ל מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְאָֽשְׁמָ֖ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִֽוא׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘When a man or woman commits any of mankind's sins, in acting treacherously against the Lord, and that person has become consciously guilty, |
any ← from all of.
in acting treacherously: gerundial use of the infinitive. person ← soul. |
| Num 5:7 | וְהִתְוַדּ֗וּ אֶֽת־חַטָּאתָם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂוּ֒ וְהֵשִׁ֤יב אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַחֲמִישִׁת֖וֹ יֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֑יו וְנָתַ֕ן לַאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָשַׁ֥ם לֽוֹ׃ | and they confess their sin which they committed, then he shall compensate for the damages he caused to its full value, and he will add a fifth to it and give it to him whom he has offended. |
The sentence switches number (plural to singular), which is not unusual in Hebrew.
the damages he caused ← his guilt. to its full value ← at its sum / head. |
| Num 5:8 | וְאִם־אֵ֨ין לָאִ֜ישׁ גֹּאֵ֗ל לְהָשִׁ֤יב הָאָשָׁם֙ אֵלָ֔יו הָאָשָׁ֛ם הַמּוּשָׁ֥ב לַיהוָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵ֑ן מִלְּבַ֗ד אֵ֚יל הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְכַפֶּר־בּ֖וֹ עָלָֽיו׃ | And if an offended man does not have a kinsman redeemer to whom compensation for the damages can be made, the damages will be compensated to the Lord, to the priest, apart from the ram of atonement with which he atones for him. |
a kinsman redeemer: suggesting that the offended man has died.
compensation ... can be made ← to return (i.e. to repay) the guilt. the damages will be compensated ← the returned guilt (will be paid). |
| Num 5:9 | וְכָל־תְּרוּמָ֞ה לְכָל־קָדְשֵׁ֧י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַכֹּהֵ֖ן ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And every heave-offering, as with all the holy things of the sons of Israel which they present to the priest, will be his. |
as with ← for.
present: or offer. |
| Num 5:10 | וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קֳדָשָׁ֖יו ל֣וֹ יִהְי֑וּ אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִתֵּ֥ן לַכֹּהֵ֖ן ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ פ | And the holy things of each man will be his own, but when a man gives anything to the priest, it will be the priest's.’ ” | it will be the priest's ← it will be his. See notes to Gen 41:13-14. |
| Num 5:11 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 5:12 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ כִּֽי־תִשְׂטֶ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וּמָעֲלָ֥ה ב֖וֹ מָֽעַל׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘Anyone at all whose wife turns aside and is unfaithful to him, |
anyone at all ← a man, a man.
is unfaithful ← “treachers” a treachery. |
| Num 5:13 | וְשָׁכַ֨ב אִ֣ישׁ אֹתָהּ֮ שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע֒ וְנֶעְלַם֙ מֵעֵינֵ֣י אִישָׁ֔הּ וְנִסְתְּרָ֖ה וְהִ֣יא נִטְמָ֑אָה וְעֵד֙ אֵ֣ין בָּ֔הּ וְהִ֖וא לֹ֥א נִתְפָּֽשָׂה׃ | whereby a man lies with her in sexual intercourse, and it is hidden from the sight of her husband, and it is concealed, and she is defiled, and there is no witness against her, and she is not caught, | sexual intercourse ← lying of seed. |
| Num 5:14 | וְעָבַ֨ר עָלָ֧יו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָ֛ה וְקִנֵּ֥א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְהִ֣וא נִטְמָ֑אָה אוֹ־עָבַ֨ר עָלָ֤יו רֽוּחַ־קִנְאָה֙ וְקִנֵּ֣א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְהִ֖יא לֹ֥א נִטְמָֽאָה׃ | and a spirit of jealousy comes over him, and he is jealous of his wife, while she is defiled, or if a spirit of jealousy comes over him, and he is jealous of his wife while she is not defiled, | |
| Num 5:15 | וְהֵבִ֨יא הָאִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֮ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֒ וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנָהּ֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ עֲשִׂירִ֥ת הָאֵיפָ֖ה קֶ֣מַח שְׂעֹרִ֑ים לֹֽא־יִצֹ֨ק עָלָ֜יו שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֹֽא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלָיו֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה כִּֽי־מִנְחַ֤ת קְנָאֹת֙ ה֔וּא מִנְחַ֥ת זִכָּר֖וֹן מַזְכֶּ֥רֶת עָוֺֽן׃ | then the man will bring his wife to the priest, and he will bring her oblation concerning herself, a tenth of an ephah of barley flour. He will not pour oil on it, and he will not put frankincense on it, for it is a meal-offering for jealousy, a meal-offering for remembrance, bringing iniquity to remembrance. | ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Num 5:16 | וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹתָ֖הּ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְהֶֽעֱמִדָ֖הּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest will bring her near, and he will have her stand before the Lord. | bring her near ... have her stand: or offer it ... set it, referring to the meal-offering (a feminine word). |
| Num 5:17 | וְלָקַ֧ח הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מַ֥יִם קְדֹשִׁ֖ים בִּכְלִי־חָ֑רֶשׂ וּמִן־הֶֽעָפָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִהְיֶה֙ בְּקַרְקַ֣ע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִקַּ֥ח הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְנָתַ֥ן אֶל־הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And the priest will take holy water in an earthenware container, and the priest will take some of the dust which is on the ground of the tabernacle, and he will put it in the water. | |
| Num 5:18 | וְהֶעֱמִ֨יד הַכֹּהֵ֥ן אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁה֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וּפָרַע֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנָתַ֣ן עַל־כַּפֶּ֗יהָ אֵ֚ת מִנְחַ֣ת הַזִּכָּר֔וֹן מִנְחַ֥ת קְנָאֹ֖ת הִ֑וא וּבְיַ֤ד הַכֹּהֵן֙ יִהְי֔וּ מֵ֥י הַמָּרִ֖ים הַמְאָֽרֲרִֽים׃ | And the priest will set the woman before the Lord, and he will uncover the woman's head, and he will put the remembrance-offering in her hands – it is a jealousy-offering – and the priest will have in his hand the bitter water which causes a curse. | uncover: [AnLx] has a meaning of to make bare (especially by cutting off the hair). |
| Num 5:19 | וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אֹתָ֜הּ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאָמַ֤ר אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אִם־לֹ֨א שָׁכַ֥ב אִישׁ֙ אֹתָ֔ךְ וְאִם־לֹ֥א שָׂטִ֛ית טֻמְאָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ הִנָּקִ֕י מִמֵּ֛י הַמָּרִ֥ים הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And the priest will adjure her and say to the woman, «If no man has lain with you, and you have not turned aside to defilement instead of being faithful to your husband, then be innocent of this bitter water which causes a curse. | will adjure: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Num 5:20 | וְאַ֗תְּ כִּ֥י שָׂטִ֛ית תַּ֥חַת אִישֵׁ֖ךְ וְכִ֣י נִטְמֵ֑את וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אִ֥ישׁ בָּךְ֙ אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּ֔וֹ מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֖י אִישֵֽׁךְ׃ | But if you have turned aside instead of being faithful to your husband, and if you have become defiled, and some man has lain with you, other than your husband», | has lain with you ← given his lying on you. |
| Num 5:21 | וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ הַכֹּהֵ֥ן אֶֽת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֮ בִּשְׁבֻעַ֣ת הָאָלָה֒ וְאָמַ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ לָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה יִתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה אוֹתָ֛ךְ לְאָלָ֥ה וְלִשְׁבֻעָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ עַמֵּ֑ךְ בְּתֵ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְרֵכֵךְ֙ נֹפֶ֔לֶת וְאֶת־בִּטְנֵ֖ךְ צָבָֽה׃ | then the priest will adjure the woman with an imprecation of a curse, and the priest will say to the woman, «May the Lord put you under a curse and an imprecation among your people, when the Lord makes your thigh waste away and your belly swell, |
put you under: or make you.
waste away ← falling. |
| Num 5:22 | וּ֠בָאוּ הַמַּ֨יִם הַמְאָרְרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּֽמֵעַ֔יִךְ לַצְבּ֥וֹת בֶּ֖טֶן וְלַנְפִּ֣ל יָרֵ֑ךְ וְאָמְרָ֥ה הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אָמֵ֥ן ׀ אָמֵֽן׃ | and this water which causes a curse will go into your bowels to swell the belly and to cause the thigh to waste away.» And the woman will say, «Amen, amen.» | to cause ... to waste away ← to make fall. |
| Num 5:23 | וְ֠כָתַב אֶת־הָאָלֹ֥ת הָאֵ֛לֶּה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בַּסֵּ֑פֶר וּמָחָ֖ה אֶל־מֵ֥י הַמָּרִֽים׃ | And the priest will write these curses in a book, and he will blot them out with the bitter water. | Compare John 8:6, where Jesus ... inscribed on the ground. |
| Num 5:24 | וְהִשְׁקָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אֶת־מֵ֥י הַמָּרִ֖ים הַמְאָֽרֲרִ֑ים וּבָ֥אוּ בָ֛הּ הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים לְמָרִֽים׃ | And he will give the bitter water which causes a curse to the woman to drink, and the water which causes a curse will go into her and become bitter. | |
| Num 5:25 | וְלָקַ֤ח הַכֹּהֵן֙ מִיַּ֣ד הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֣ת הַקְּנָאֹ֑ת וְהֵנִ֤יף אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | Then the priest will take the jealousy-offering from the hand of the woman, and he will wave the offering before the Lord, and he will offer it on the altar. | |
| Num 5:26 | וְקָמַ֨ץ הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִן־הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֶת־אַזְכָּ֣רָתָ֔הּ וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְאַחַ֛ר יַשְׁקֶ֥ה אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־הַמָּֽיִם׃ | Then the priest will take a handful of the offering – her remembrance-offering – and burn it on the altar, and afterwards he will give the woman the water to drink. | on the altar ← to the altar. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| Num 5:27 | וְהִשְׁקָ֣הּ אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וְהָיְתָ֣ה אִֽם־נִטְמְאָה֮ וַתִּמְעֹ֣ל מַ֣עַל בְּאִישָׁהּ֒ וּבָ֨אוּ בָ֜הּ הַמַּ֤יִם הַמְאָֽרֲרִים֙ לְמָרִ֔ים וְצָבְתָ֣ה בִטְנָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה יְרֵכָ֑הּ וְהָיְתָ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֛ה לְאָלָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃ | And he will give her the water to drink, and it will be the case that if she is defiled and has dealt unfaithfully with her husband, then the water which causes a curse will go into her and it will become bitter, and her belly will swell, and her thigh will waste away, and the woman will become a curse among her people. |
it will be ← she will be.
dealt unfaithfully ← “treachered” a treachery. waste away ← fall. |
| Num 5:28 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א נִטְמְאָה֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וּטְהֹרָ֖ה הִ֑וא וְנִקְּתָ֖ה וְנִזְרְעָ֥ה זָֽרַע׃ | But if the woman is not defiled, and she is clean, she will be pronounced innocent, and she will conceive offspring. | conceive offspring ← be sown (with) seed. |
| Num 5:29 | זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַקְּנָאֹ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׂטֶ֥ה אִשָּׁ֛ה תַּ֥חַת אִישָׁ֖הּ וְנִטְמָֽאָה׃ | This is the law of matters of jealousy, when a woman turns aside instead of being faithful to her husband, and she becomes defiled, | |
| Num 5:30 | א֣וֹ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תַּעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֛יו ר֥וּחַ קִנְאָ֖ה וְקִנֵּ֣א אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְהֶעֱמִ֤יד אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְעָ֤שָׂה לָהּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | or when a spirit of jealousy comes over a man, and he is jealous of his wife, and he sets his wife before the Lord, and the priest deals with her according to all this law. | |
| Num 5:31 | וְנִקָּ֥ה הָאִ֖ישׁ מֵעָוֺ֑ן וְהָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַהִ֔וא תִּשָּׂ֖א אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽהּ׃ פ | And the man will be pronounced innocent of iniquity, but the woman in question will bear her iniquity.’ ” | the woman in question ← this woman. |
| Num 6:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 6:2 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּ֤י יַפְלִא֙ לִנְדֹּר֙ נֶ֣דֶר נָזִ֔יר לְהַזִּ֖יר לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘If a man or woman commits to making the special vow of a Nazarite – to separate himself to the Lord – |
commits ... special ← acts wonderfully.
Nazarite ← one separated and consecrated to God [AnLx]. |
| Num 6:3 | מִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֥מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכָל־מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃ | he will abstain from wine and strong drink, and he will not drink wine vinegar or strong drink vinegar, nor will he drink any mashed grape juice, nor will he eat any fresh or dried grapes. |
any ← every.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Num 6:4 | כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֑וֹ מִכֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵעָשֶׂ֜ה מִגֶּ֣פֶן הַיַּ֗יִן מֵחַרְצַנִּ֛ים וְעַד־זָ֖ג לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃ | All the days of his separation, he will not eat anything that is made from the grape vine, from the pips to the skin. |
anything ← from everything.
grape vine ← vine of wine. |
| Num 6:5 | כָּל־יְמֵי֙ נֶ֣דֶר נִזְר֔וֹ תַּ֖עַר לֹא־יַעֲבֹ֣ר עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ עַד־מְלֹ֨את הַיָּמִ֜ם אֲשֶׁר־יַזִּ֤יר לַיהוָה֙ קָדֹ֣שׁ יִהְיֶ֔ה גַּדֵּ֥ל פֶּ֖רַע שְׂעַ֥ר רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | All the days of the vow of his separation, no razor will pass over his head, until the days which he dedicated to the Lord are fulfilled; he will be holy; he will let the locks of the hair of his head grow. | he will let ... grow ← let him let grow. Infinitive absolute in the role of a jussive. |
| Num 6:6 | כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הַזִּיר֖וֹ לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ מֵ֖ת לֹ֥א יָבֹֽא׃ | All the days of his separation to the Lord he will not go to any dead body. |
his separation ← to separate him.
body ← soul. |
| Num 6:7 | לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֗וֹ לְאָחִיו֙ וּלְאַ֣חֹת֔וֹ לֹא־יִטַּמָּ֥א לָהֶ֖ם בְּמֹתָ֑ם כִּ֛י נֵ֥זֶר אֱלֹהָ֖יו עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | He will not defile himself for his father or for his mother or for his brother or for his sister – for them – when they die, for the separation to his God is on his head. | separation to ← separation of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 6:8 | כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֑וֹ קָדֹ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | All the days of his separation, he is holy to the Lord. | |
| Num 6:9 | וְכִֽי־יָמ֨וּת מֵ֤ת עָלָיו֙ בְּפֶ֣תַע פִּתְאֹ֔ם וְטִמֵּ֖א רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֑וֹ וְגִלַּ֤ח רֹאשׁוֹ֙ בְּי֣וֹם טָהֳרָת֔וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י יְגַלְּחֶֽנּוּ׃ | And if a dying man very suddenly dies in contact with him and defiles his dedicated head, then he will shave his head on the day of his cleansing: on the seventh day he will shave it. | his dedicated head ← the head of his separation. |
| Num 6:10 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יָבִא֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And on the eighth day he will bring two turtle-doves or two young pigeons to the priest at the entrance to the tent of contact. | |
| Num 6:11 | וְעָשָׂ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֶחָ֤ד לְחַטָּאת֙ וְאֶחָ֣ד לְעֹלָ֔ה וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֔יו מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עַל־הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ וְקִדַּ֥שׁ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And the priest will offer one as a sin-offering and one as a burnt offering, and he will make atonement for him, because he sinned by the dead person, and he will sanctify his head on that day. |
offer ← do.
person ← soul. |
| Num 6:12 | וְהִזִּ֤יר לַֽיהוָה֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֔וֹ וְהֵבִ֛יא כֶּ֥בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְאָשָׁ֑ם וְהַיָּמִ֤ים הָרִאשֹׁנִים֙ יִפְּל֔וּ כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א נִזְרֽוֹ׃ | And he will recommit the days of his separation to the Lord, and he will bring a one-year-old lamb as a guilt-offering, and the prior days will be forfeited, for he has defiled his separation. |
recommit ← separate. Hebrew often does not require an indication of repetition, such as the English re-. See examples of rebuild.
will be forfeited ← will fall. |
| Num 6:13 | וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַנָּזִ֑יר בְּי֗וֹם מְלֹאת֙ יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֔וֹ יָבִ֣יא אֹת֔וֹ אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And this is the law of the Nazarite: on the day of fulfilling the days of his separation he will betake himself to the entrance of the tent of contact. | betake himself ← bring him. |
| Num 6:14 | וְהִקְרִ֣יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֣וֹ לַיהוָ֡ה כֶּבֶשׂ֩ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֨וֹ תָמִ֤ים אֶחָד֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה וְכַבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֧ת בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֛הּ תְּמִימָ֖ה לְחַטָּ֑את וְאַֽיִל־אֶחָ֥ד תָּמִ֖ים לִשְׁלָמִֽים׃ | And he will offer his oblation to the Lord, one one-year-old lamb without blemish as a burnt offering, and one one-year-old ewe-lamb without blemish as a sin-offering, and one ram without blemish as a peace-offering, | without blemish (3x) ← perfect. |
| Num 6:15 | וְסַ֣ל מַצּ֗וֹת סֹ֤לֶת חַלֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן וּמִנְחָתָ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ | and a basket of unleavened bread from fine flour in cakes mixed with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread coated with oil, and their meal-offering, and their libations. |
fine flour in ← fine flour of. Wider use of the construct state.
coated ← anointed. |
| Num 6:16 | וְהִקְרִ֥יב הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְעָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־חַטָּאת֖וֹ וְאֶת־עֹלָתֽוֹ׃ | And the priest will make the offering before the Lord, and he will perform his sin-offering and his burnt offering. | |
| Num 6:17 | וְאֶת־הָאַ֜יִל יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמִים֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה עַ֖ל סַ֣ל הַמַּצּ֑וֹת וְעָשָׂה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶת־מִנְחָת֖וֹ וְאֶת־נִסְכּֽוֹ׃ | And he will offer the ram as a peace-sacrifice to the Lord, with the basket of unleavened bread, and the priest will perform his meal-offering and his libation. | |
| Num 6:18 | וְגִלַּ֣ח הַנָּזִ֗יר פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֑וֹ וְלָקַ֗ח אֶת־שְׂעַר֙ רֹ֣אשׁ נִזְר֔וֹ וְנָתַן֙ עַל־הָאֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ | And the Nazarite will shave his dedicated head at the entrance to the tent of contact, and he will take the hair of his dedicated head, and he will put it on the fire which is under the peace-sacrifice. | his dedicated head (2x) ← his head of separation. |
| Num 6:19 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַזְּרֹ֣עַ בְּשֵׁלָה֮ מִן־הָאַיִל֒ וְֽחַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ מִן־הַסַּ֔ל וּרְקִ֥יק מַצָּ֖ה אֶחָ֑ד וְנָתַן֙ עַל־כַּפֵּ֣י הַנָּזִ֔יר אַחַ֖ר הִֽתְגַּלְּח֥וֹ אֶת־נִזְרֽוֹ׃ | And the priest will take the boiled shoulder of the ram, and one cake of unleavened bread from the basket, and one wafer of unleavened bread, and he will put them in the hands of the Nazarite after he has shaved his dedicated hair. |
shoulder ← (upper) arm or a foreleg.
his dedicated hair ← his separation. |
| Num 6:20 | וְהֵנִיף֩ אוֹתָ֨ם הַכֹּהֵ֥ן ׀ תְּנוּפָה֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ קֹ֤דֶשׁ הוּא֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַ֚ל חֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֔ה וְעַ֖ל שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֑ה וְאַחַ֛ר יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה הַנָּזִ֖יר יָֽיִן׃ | And the priest will wave them as a wave-offering before the Lord. It is holy to the priest, with the breast of the wave-offering and with the leg of the heave-offering, and afterwards the Nazarite will drink wine. | will wave: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Num 6:21 | זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֣ת הַנָּזִיר֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדֹּר֒ קָרְבָּנ֤וֹ לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־נִזְר֔וֹ מִלְּבַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּשִּׂ֣יג יָד֑וֹ כְּפִ֤י נִדְרוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדֹּ֔ר כֵּ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה עַ֖ל תּוֹרַ֥ת נִזְרֽוֹ׃ פ | This is the law of the Nazarite who vows his oblation to the Lord, concerning his separation, apart from whatever else he can afford. According to the statement of his vow which he vows, so he shall do, according to the law of his separation.’ ” |
whatever else he can afford ← what his hand may reach.
statement ← mouth. |
| Num 6:22 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 6:23 | דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֥ה תְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָמ֖וֹר לָהֶֽם׃ ס | “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and say, ‘You will bless the sons of Israel in this way, saying to them, | saying: infinitive absolute in the role of a participle. |
| Num 6:24 | יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ ס |
«May the Lord bless you and keep you. |
|
| Num 6:25 | יָאֵ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה ׀ פָּנָ֛יו אֵלֶ֖יךָ וִֽיחֻנֶּֽךָּ׃ ס |
May the Lord cause his face to shine on you, And may he be merciful to you. |
|
| Num 6:26 | יִשָּׂ֨א יְהוָ֤ה ׀ פָּנָיו֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְיָשֵׂ֥ם לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ ס |
May the Lord lift up his face towards you And give you peace.» ’ |
give ← appoint, but also, [AnLx] XII, give. |
| Num 6:27 | וְשָׂמ֥וּ אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י עַל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַאֲנִ֖י אֲבָרֲכֵֽם׃ פ | And they shall propound my name to the sons of Israel, and I will bless them.” | propound ← put. |
| Num 7:1 | וַיְהִ֡י בְּיוֹם֩ כַּלּ֨וֹת מֹשֶׁ֜ה לְהָקִ֣ים אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ן וַיִּמְשַׁ֨ח אֹת֜וֹ וַיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ אֹתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיִּמְשָׁחֵ֖ם וַיְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ | And it came to pass on the day when Moses had finished setting up the tabernacle and had anointed it and sanctified it and all its equipment, including the altar and all its equipment, having anointed and sanctified them, | |
| Num 7:2 | וַיַּקְרִ֙יבוּ֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם הֵ֚ם נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הַמַּטֹּ֔ת הֵ֥ם הָעֹמְדִ֖ים עַל־הַפְּקֻדִֽים׃ | that the leaders of Israel, the heads of their paternal house – they were the leaders of the tribes who had supervised those who were counted – made an offering, | supervised ← stood over. |
| Num 7:3 | וַיָּבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה שֵׁשׁ־עֶגְלֹ֥ת צָב֙ וּשְׁנֵ֣י עָשָׂ֣ר בָּקָ֔ר עֲגָלָ֛ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים וְשׁ֣וֹר לְאֶחָ֑ד וַיַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אוֹתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | and they brought their oblation before the Lord: six covered wagons and twelve oxen, one wagon for two leaders, so an ox for each one, and they offered them in front of the tabernacle. | covered wagons: the word for wagons could be read as calves, and in the context of offerings probably would be at first, but the word for covering, whose meaning is not certain, apparently precludes this, as does the Masoretic pointing of the word in the singular following (one wagon for two leaders). |
| Num 7:4 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 7:5 | קַ֚ח מֵֽאִתָּ֔ם וְהָי֕וּ לַעֲבֹ֕ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ כְּפִ֥י עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ | “Take the oblations from them, and they will be for performing the service of the tent of contact, and you will give them to the Levites, to each man according to his work.” | |
| Num 7:6 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־הָעֲגָלֹ֖ת וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֑ר וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם אֶל־הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | So Moses took the wagons and the oxen and gave them to the Levites. | |
| Num 7:7 | אֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֲגָלֹ֗ת וְאֵת֙ אַרְבַּ֣עַת הַבָּקָ֔ר נָתַ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁ֑וֹן כְּפִ֖י עֲבֹדָתָֽם׃ | He gave two wagons and four oxen to the sons of Gershon according to their work, | |
| Num 7:8 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אַרְבַּ֣ע הָעֲגָלֹ֗ת וְאֵת֙ שְׁמֹנַ֣ת הַבָּקָ֔ר נָתַ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֑י כְּפִי֙ עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם בְּיַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | and he gave four wagons and eight oxen to the sons of Merari according to their work, under the authority of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. | under the authority ← by the hand. |
| Num 7:9 | וְלִבְנֵ֥י קְהָ֖ת לֹ֣א נָתָ֑ן כִּֽי־עֲבֹדַ֤ת הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם בַּכָּתֵ֖ף יִשָּֽׂאוּ׃ | But he did not give any of these to the sons of Kohath, because the work of the holy place was charged to them, that they should bear it on their shoulders. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 7:10 | וַיַּקְרִ֣יבוּ הַנְּשִׂאִ֗ים אֵ֚ת חֲנֻכַּ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בְּי֖וֹם הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֑וֹ וַיַּקְרִ֧יבוּ הַנְּשִׂיאִ֛ם אֶת־קָרְבָּנָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | Then the leaders made offerings for the dedication of the altar, when it was anointed, and the leaders offered their oblation in front of the altar. | |
| Num 7:11 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה נָשִׂ֨יא אֶחָ֜ד לַיּ֗וֹם נָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ לַיּ֔וֹם יַקְרִ֙יבוּ֙ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָ֔ם לַחֲנֻכַּ֖ת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ ס | And the Lord said to Moses, “The leaders will offer their oblation each one on his own day for the dedication of the altar.” | the leaders will offer their oblation each one on his own day ← one leader for the day, one leader for the day. |
| Num 7:12 | וַיְהִ֗י הַמַּקְרִ֛יב בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ נַחְשׁ֥וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָ֖ב לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the one to offer his oblation on the first day was Nahshon the son of Amminadab of the tribe of Judah. | |
| Num 7:13 | וְקָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | And his oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:14 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:15 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:16 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:17 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתּוּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Nahshon the son of Amminadab. | |
| Num 7:18 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י הִקְרִ֖יב נְתַנְאֵ֣ל בֶּן־צוּעָ֑ר נְשִׂ֖יא יִשָּׂשכָֽר׃ | On the second day, Nethaneel the son of Zuar, the leader of the sons of Issachar, made his offering. | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Num 7:19 | הִקְרִ֨ב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | For his oblation he offered one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:20 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:21 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:22 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:23 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתּוּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Nethaneel the son of Zuar. |
he-goats: spelled in scriptio plena (only here of the twelve oblations).
Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Num 7:24 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻ֑ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃ | On the third day the leader of the sons of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon, made his offering, | |
| Num 7:25 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:26 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:27 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:28 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:29 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Eliab the son of Helon. | |
| Num 7:30 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ | On the fourth day the leader of the sons of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur, made his offering. | |
| Num 7:31 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:32 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | The verse lacks a sof pasuq (end of verse dots) in [WLC]. |
| Num 7:33 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:34 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:35 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Elizur the son of Shedeur. | |
| Num 7:36 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַחֲמִישִׁ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן שְׁלֻֽמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ | On the fifth day, the leader of the sons of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, made his offering. | Zurishaddai: see Num 2:12. |
| Num 7:37 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:38 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:39 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:40 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | The verse lacks a sof pasuq (end of verse dots) in [WLC]. |
| Num 7:41 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן שְׁלֻמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. | Zurishaddai: see Num 2:12. |
| Num 7:42 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י גָ֑ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃ | On the sixth day, the leader of the sons of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel, made his offering. | |
| Num 7:43 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:44 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:45 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:46 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:47 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Eliasaph the son of Deuel. | |
| Num 7:48 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרָ֑יִם אֱלִֽישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ | On the seventh day, the leader of the sons of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud, made his offering. | |
| Num 7:49 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:50 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:51 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:52 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:53 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Elishama the son of Ammihud. | |
| Num 7:54 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָה־צֽוּר׃ | On the eighth day, the leader of the sons of Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, made his offering. |
Gamaliel: see Num 1:10.
Pedahzur ← Pedah-Zur, but we align it with Num 1:10. |
| Num 7:55 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | The verse lacks a sof pasuq (end of verse dots) in [WLC]. |
| Num 7:56 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:57 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:58 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:59 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָה צֽוּר׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. |
Gamaliel: see Num 1:10.
Pedahzur ← Pedah-Zur, but we align it with Num 1:10. |
| Num 7:60 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַתְּשִׁיעִ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃ | On the ninth day, the leader of the sons of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni, made his offering. | Gideoni: see Num 1:11. |
| Num 7:61 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:62 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:63 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:64 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:65 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Abidan the son of Gideoni. | Gideoni: see Num 1:11. |
| Num 7:66 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔י נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י דָ֑ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּישַׁדָּֽי׃ | On the tenth day, the leader of the sons of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai, made his offering. | |
| Num 7:67 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:68 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | The verse lacks a sof pasuq (end of verse dots) in [WLC]. |
| Num 7:69 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:70 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:71 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּישַׁדָּֽי׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. | |
| Num 7:72 | בְּיוֹם֙ עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עָשָׂ֣ר י֔וֹם נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֑ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן׃ | On the eleventh day, the leader of the sons of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ocran, made his offering. | Ocran: see Num 1:13. |
| Num 7:73 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:74 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:75 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:76 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:77 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Pagiel the son of Ocran. | Ocran: see Num 1:13. |
| Num 7:78 | בְּיוֹם֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר י֔וֹם נָשִׂ֖יא לִבְנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֑י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ | On the twelfth day, the leader of the sons of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan, made his offering. | |
| Num 7:79 | קָרְבָּנ֞וֹ קַֽעֲרַת־כֶּ֣סֶף אַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָה֮ מִשְׁקָלָהּ֒ מִזְרָ֤ק אֶחָד֙ כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מְלֵאִ֗ים סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לְמִנְחָֽה׃ | His oblation was one silver dish whose weight was one hundred and thirty shekels, one silver basin of seventy shekels according to the holy shekel, both of them being full of fine flour mixed with oil, as a meal-offering, | |
| Num 7:80 | כַּ֥ף אַחַ֛ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה זָהָ֖ב מְלֵאָ֥ה קְטֹֽרֶת׃ | one spoon weighing ten shekels of gold, filled with incense, | |
| Num 7:81 | פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֞ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֗ר אַ֧יִל אֶחָ֛ד כֶּֽבֶשׂ־אֶחָ֥ד בֶּן־שְׁנָת֖וֹ לְעֹלָֽה׃ | one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, one one-year-old lamb for a burnt offering, | |
| Num 7:82 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | one goat buck for a sin-offering, | |
| Num 7:83 | וּלְזֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ בָּקָ֣ר שְׁנַיִם֒ אֵילִ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה חֲמִשָּׁ֑ה זֶ֛ה קָרְבַּ֥ן אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ פ | and for the peace-sacrifice, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five one-year-old lambs. This was the oblation of Ahira the son of Enan. | |
| Num 7:84 | זֹ֣את ׀ חֲנֻכַּ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ מֵאֵ֖ת נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל קַעֲרֹ֨ת כֶּ֜סֶף שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֗ה מִֽזְרְקֵי־כֶ֙סֶף֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֔ר כַּפּ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | This was the dedication of the altar on the day it was anointed by the leaders of Israel, with twelve silver dishes, twelve silver basins and twelve golden spoons. | |
| Num 7:85 | שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וּמֵאָ֗ה הַקְּעָרָ֤ה הָֽאַחַת֙ כֶּ֔סֶף וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים הַמִּזְרָ֣ק הָאֶחָ֑ד כֹּ֚ל כֶּ֣סֶף הַכֵּלִ֔ים אַלְפַּ֥יִם וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֖וֹת בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | The weight of each silver dish was one hundred and thirty shekels, and each basin weighed seventy shekels. All the silver of the objects came to two thousand four hundred shekels according to the holy shekel. | each (2x) ← one. |
| Num 7:86 | כַּפּ֨וֹת זָהָ֤ב שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵה֙ מְלֵאֹ֣ת קְטֹ֔רֶת עֲשָׂרָ֧ה עֲשָׂרָ֛ה הַכַּ֖ף בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־זְהַ֥ב הַכַּפּ֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּמֵאָֽה׃ | As for the twelve golden spoons full of incense, each spoon weighed ten shekels according to the holy shekel. All the gold of the spoons came to one hundred and twenty shekels. | each spoon weighed ten shekels ← ten, ten, the spoon. |
| Num 7:87 | כָּל־הַבָּקָ֨ר לָעֹלָ֜ה שְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר פָּרִ֗ים אֵילִ֤ם שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר֙ כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר וּמִנְחָתָ֑ם וּשְׂעִירֵ֥י עִזִּ֛ים שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | All the oxen for the burnt offering came to twelve bulls. There were twelve rams, twelve one-year-old lambs, with their meal-offering, and twelve goat bucks as a sin-offering. | |
| Num 7:88 | וְכֹ֞ל בְּקַ֣ר ׀ זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֗ים עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְאַרְבָּעָה֮ פָּרִים֒ אֵילִ֤ם שִׁשִּׁים֙ עַתֻּדִ֣ים שִׁשִּׁ֔ים כְּבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֖ה שִׁשִּׁ֑ים זֹ֚את חֲנֻכַּ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אַחֲרֵ֖י הִמָּשַׁ֥ח אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And all the oxen of the peace-sacrifice came to twenty-four bulls, sixty rams, sixty he-goats, sixty one-year-old lambs. This was the dedication of the altar after it was anointed. | |
| Num 7:89 | וּבְבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע אֶת־הַקּ֜וֹל מִדַּבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו מֵעַ֤ל הַכַּפֹּ֙רֶת֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֔ת מִבֵּ֖ין שְׁנֵ֣י הַכְּרֻבִ֑ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | And when Moses went into the tent of contact to speak with him, he heard the voice speaking with him from the atonement cover – which is over the ark of the testimony between the two cherubim – when he spoke to him. | |
| Num 8:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 8:2 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֵלָ֑יו בְּהַעֲלֹֽתְךָ֙ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֔ת אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמְּנוֹרָ֔ה יָאִ֖ירוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת הַנֵּרֽוֹת׃ | “Speak to Aaron and say to him, ‘When you light the lamps, do it at the front of the lampstand, and the seven lamps will shine.’ ” | AV differs somewhat in syntactical structure. Our translation is supported by the next verse. |
| Num 8:3 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ כֵּן֙ אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמְּנוֹרָ֔ה הֶעֱלָ֖ה נֵרֹתֶ֑יהָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Aaron did so, in front of the lampstand. He lit its lamps, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Num 8:4 | וְזֶ֨ה מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה הַמְּנֹרָה֙ מִקְשָׁ֣ה זָהָ֔ב עַד־יְרֵכָ֥הּ עַד־פִּרְחָ֖הּ מִקְשָׁ֣ה הִ֑וא כַּמַּרְאֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶרְאָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֥ן עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָֽה׃ פ | And this is the way the lampstand is made: it is beaten gold. Up to its main stem and up to its flower it is beaten work. According to the vision which the Lord showed Moses, so he made the lampstand. | the way ... is made ← the making of. |
| Num 8:5 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 8:6 | קַ֚ח אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִתּ֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְטִהַרְתָּ֖ אֹתָֽם׃ | “Take the Levites from among the sons of Israel and cleanse them. | |
| Num 8:7 | וְכֹֽה־תַעֲשֶׂ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לְטַֽהֲרָ֔ם הַזֵּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֵ֣י חַטָּ֑את וְהֶעֱבִ֤ירוּ תַ֙עַר֙ עַל־כָּל־בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְכִבְּס֥וּ בִגְדֵיהֶ֖ם וְהִטֶּהָֽרוּ׃ | And this is how you will act towards them to cleanse them: sprinkle sin-offering water over them, and they shall pass a razor over all their body, and they shall wash their clothes, and they shall cleanse themselves. |
this is how ← thus.
body ← flesh. |
| Num 8:8 | וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֔ר וּמִנְחָת֔וֹ סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן וּפַר־שֵׁנִ֥י בֶן־בָּקָ֖ר תִּקַּ֥ח לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | And they will take a bull-calf of the oxen and its meal-offering – fine flour mixed with oil – and you will take a second bull-calf of the oxen as a sin-offering. | |
| Num 8:9 | וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהִ֨קְהַלְתָּ֔ אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will have the Levites approach the tent of contact, and you will assemble the whole congregation of the sons of Israel. | |
| Num 8:10 | וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְסָמְכ֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And you will have the Levites come near before the Lord, and the sons of Israel will lay their hands on the Levites, | |
| Num 8:11 | וְהֵנִיף֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֤ם תְּנוּפָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָי֕וּ לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | and Aaron will wave the Levites from the sons of Israel as a wave-offering before the Lord, and their task will be to do the Lord's service. |
wave: AV differs somewhat (offer).
their task will be ← they will be. |
| Num 8:12 | וְהַלְוִיִּם֙ יִסְמְכ֣וּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַפָּרִ֑ים וַ֠עֲשֵׂה אֶת־הָאֶחָ֨ד חַטָּ֜את וְאֶת־הָאֶחָ֤ד עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And the Levites will lay their hands on the head of the bulls, and you shall offer one as a sin-offering and one as a burnt offering to the Lord, to atone for the Levites. | you shall offer: imperative singular, but it would fit better if pointed as an infinitive absolute וְעָשֺׂה, which can stand for a finite form matching the previous finite form, they shall offer. |
| Num 8:13 | וְהַֽעֲמַדְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לִפְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְלִפְנֵ֣י בָנָ֑יו וְהֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And you will set the Levites before Aaron, and before his sons, and you will wave them as a wave-offering to the Lord. | |
| Num 8:14 | וְהִבְדַּלְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִתּ֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And you will separate the Levites from among the sons of Israel, and the Levites will be mine. | will be: in a Hebrew “VCS” (verb-complement-subject) sentence. |
| Num 8:15 | וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ יָבֹ֣אוּ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְטִֽהַרְתָּ֣ אֹתָ֔ם וְהֵנַפְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם תְּנוּפָֽה׃ | And after that the Levites will come to serve the tent of contact, and you will cleanse them and wave them as a wave-offering, | |
| Num 8:16 | כִּי֩ נְתֻנִ֨ים נְתֻנִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ לִ֔י מִתּ֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תַּחַת֩ פִּטְרַ֨ת כָּל־רֶ֜חֶם בְּכ֥וֹר כֹּל֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָקַ֥חְתִּי אֹתָ֖ם לִֽי׃ | for they are wholly given to me from among the sons of Israel instead of those who open every womb. I have taken them instead of the firstborn of all the sons of Israel for myself. | are wholly given ← given, given. |
| Num 8:17 | כִּ֣י לִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּי֗וֹם הַכֹּתִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם הִקְדַּ֥שְׁתִּי אֹתָ֖ם לִֽי׃ | For every firstborn among the sons of Israel is mine, among man and among cattle. On the day when I struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I sanctified them to myself. | |
| Num 8:18 | וָאֶקַּח֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם תַּ֥חַת כָּל־בְּכ֖וֹר בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So I have taken the Levites instead of every firstborn among the sons of Israel, | |
| Num 8:19 | וָאֶתְּנָ֨ה אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֜ם נְתֻנִ֣ים ׀ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן וּלְבָנָ֗יו מִתּוֹךְ֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ לַעֲבֹ֞ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וּלְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֨א יִהְיֶ֜ה בִּבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נֶ֔גֶף בְּגֶ֥שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | and I have given the Levites as people given to Aaron and to his sons from among the sons of Israel, to do the work of the sons of Israel in the tent of contact, and to atone for the sons of Israel, so that there will be no plague among the sons of Israel when the sons of Israel approach the holy place.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 8:20 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְאַהֲרֹ֛ן וְכָל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַלְוִיִּ֑ם כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם כֵּן־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses and Aaron and the whole congregation of the sons of Israel acted towards the Levites according to everything that the Lord had commanded Moses in respect of the Levites. The sons of Israel acted towards them like that. | like that ← thus. |
| Num 8:21 | וַיִּֽתְחַטְּא֣וּ הַלְוִיִּ֗ם וַֽיְכַבְּסוּ֙ בִּגְדֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּ֨נֶף אַהֲרֹ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְכַפֵּ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם אַהֲרֹ֖ן לְטַהֲרָֽם׃ | So the Levites had themselves propitiated for sins, and they washed their clothes, and Aaron waved them as a wave-offering before the Lord, and Aaron atoned for them to make them clean. | |
| Num 8:22 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֞ן בָּ֣אוּ הַלְוִיִּ֗ם לַעֲבֹ֤ד אֶת־עֲבֹֽדָתָם֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד לִפְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְלִפְנֵ֣י בָנָ֑יו כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה֙ עַל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם כֵּ֖ן עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃ ס | Then after that the Levites came in order to carry out their duty in the tent of contact before Aaron and before his sons. As the Lord had commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so they acted towards them. | they acted towards them: i.e. so Aaron and his sons acted with respect to the Levites (?). Perhaps reflexive, so the Levites set themselves up. |
| Num 8:23 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 8:24 | זֹ֖את אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַלְוִיִּ֑ם מִבֶּן֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה יָבוֹא֙ לִצְבֹ֣א צָבָ֔א בַּעֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | “This is what the Levites have to do: from twenty-five years and above, each will go to engage in service, in the work of the tent of contact. | service ← army, or workforce. |
| Num 8:25 | וּמִבֶּן֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה יָשׁ֖וּב מִצְּבָ֣א הָעֲבֹדָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲבֹ֖ד עֽוֹד׃ | But from fifty years he will retire from the workforce, and he will not perform the service any more, |
retire ← return.
workforce ← army of work. |
| Num 8:26 | וְשֵׁרֵ֨ת אֶת־אֶחָ֜יו בְּאֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣ר מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת וַעֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַעֲבֹ֑ד כָּ֛כָה תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לַלְוִיִּ֖ם בְּמִשְׁמְרֹתָֽם׃ פ | but he will serve with his brothers at the tent of contact, to keep guard, but he will not do any work. So you will act towards the Levites in their duties.” | to keep guard: elsewhere we translate to keep the observance, but perhaps here of guarding. |
| Num 9:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֣ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה בְמִדְבַּר־סִ֠ינַי בַּשָּׁנָ֨ה הַשֵּׁנִ֜ית לְצֵאתָ֨ם מֵאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert in the second year since they came out of the land of Egypt, in the first month, and he said, | |
| Num 9:2 | וְיַעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־הַפָּ֖סַח בְּמוֹעֲדֽוֹ׃ | “And let the sons of Israel hold the Passover festival in its season. | |
| Num 9:3 | בְּאַרְבָּעָ֣ה עָשָֽׂר־י֠וֹם בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֜ה בֵּ֧ין הָֽעֲרְבַּ֛יִם תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּמוֹעֲד֑וֹ כְּכָל־חֻקֹּתָ֥יו וּכְכָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | On the fourteenth day of this month in the evening you will hold it, in its season. You shall hold it according to all its statutes and according to all its regulations.” | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Num 9:4 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת הַפָּֽסַח׃ | Then Moses told the sons of Israel to keep the Passover. | |
| Num 9:5 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֡סַח בָּרִאשׁ֡וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבַּ֖יִם בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר סִינָ֑י כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, in the Sinai Desert. According to everything the Lord had commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did. |
in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6.
The sentence structure of this verse follows Masoretic tradition. We have a full stop at the atnach. Compare 2 Ki 16:11. |
| Num 9:6 | וַיְהִ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֤וּ טְמֵאִים֙ לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם וְלֹא־יָכְל֥וּ לַעֲשֹׂת־הַפֶּ֖סַח בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַֽיִּקְרְב֞וּ לִפְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | But there were men who were unclean by the dead body of a man, and they could not keep the Passover on that day, and on that day they came before Moses and Aaron, | dead body ← soul. |
| Num 9:7 | וַ֠יֹּאמְרוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ אֵלָ֔יו אֲנַ֥חְנוּ טְמֵאִ֖ים לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֑ם לָ֣מָּה נִגָּרַ֗ע לְבִלְתִּ֨י הַקְרִ֜ב אֶת־קָרְבַּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּמֹ֣עֲד֔וֹ בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and those men said to him, “We are unclean by the dead body of a man. Why are we prevented from offering the Lord's oblation in its season among the sons of Israel?” | dead body ← soul. |
| Num 9:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה עִמְד֣וּ וְאֶשְׁמְעָ֔ה מַה־יְצַוֶּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָכֶֽם׃ פ | At this Moses said to them, “Stand still and let me hear what the Lord commands for you.” | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 9:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 9:10 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ אִ֣ישׁ כִּי־יִהְיֶֽה־טָמֵ֣א ׀ לָנֶ֡פֶשׁ אוֹ֩ בְדֶ֨רֶךְ רְחֹקָ֜הׄ לָכֶ֗ם א֚וֹ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְעָ֥שָׂה פֶ֖סַח לַיהוָֽה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘If any man of your company or of your posterity is unclean by a dead body or is on distant travels, then he will keep the Lord's Passover, but |
your ... distant: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says it indicates that the words are to be omitted, so all not just distant travels.
dead body ← soul. distant travels ← a remote road. |
| Num 9:11 | בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֜י בְּאַרְבָּעָ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר י֛וֹם בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבַּ֖יִם יַעֲשׂ֣וּ אֹת֑וֹ עַל־מַצּ֥וֹת וּמְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ | they will keep it in the second month on the fourteenth day in the evening. They will eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. | in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Num 9:12 | לֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֤ירוּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ עַד־בֹּ֔קֶר וְעֶ֖צֶם לֹ֣א יִשְׁבְּרוּ־ב֑וֹ כְּכָל־חֻקַּ֥ת הַפֶּ֖סַח יַעֲשׂ֥וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | They will not leave any of it until the morning, and they will not break a bone of it. They will keep it according to every statute of the Passover. |
John 19:36.
of it ← in it. |
| Num 9:13 | וְהָאִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁר־ה֨וּא טָה֜וֹר וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ לֹא־הָיָ֗ה וְחָדַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַפֶּ֔סַח וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּ֑יהָ כִּ֣י ׀ קָרְבַּ֣ן יְהוָ֗ה לֹ֤א הִקְרִיב֙ בְּמֹ֣עֲד֔וֹ חֶטְא֥וֹ יִשָּׂ֖א הָאִ֥ישׁ הַהֽוּא׃ | But as for any man who is clean and is not on travels, who neglects to keep the Passover, that person will be cut off from his people because he did not offer the Lord's oblation in its season. That man will bear his sin. |
travels ← a road.
person ← soul. people ← peoples. |
| Num 9:14 | וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּכֶ֜ם גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֤שָֽׂה פֶ֙סַח֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כְּחֻקַּ֥ת הַפֶּ֛סַח וּכְמִשְׁפָּט֖וֹ כֵּ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֑ה חֻקָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְלַגֵּ֖ר וּלְאֶזְרַ֥ח הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | And if a foreigner is lodging with you, then he will keep the Lord's Passover. He will keep it according to the statute of the Passover and according to its regulation. There will be one statute for you, both for the foreigner and for the native of the land.’ ” | keep it ← do thus. |
| Num 9:15 | וּבְיוֹם֙ הָקִ֣ים אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן כִּסָּ֤ה הֶֽעָנָן֙ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לְאֹ֖הֶל הָעֵדֻ֑ת וּבָעֶ֜רֶב יִהְיֶ֧ה עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֖שׁ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃ | And on the day of setting up the tabernacle, a cloud covered the tabernacle, at the tent of the testimony, and in the evening there was an appearance of fire on the tabernacle until the morning. |
a cloud ← the cloud. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
at ← to or for. an appearance ← as an appearance. |
| Num 9:16 | כֵּ֚ן יִהְיֶ֣ה תָמִ֔יד הֶעָנָ֖ן יְכַסֶּ֑נּוּ וּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֖שׁ לָֽיְלָה׃ | So it was all the time – the cloud covered it, and at night there was an appearance of fire. | |
| Num 9:17 | וּלְפִ֞י הֵעָלֹ֤ת הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאֹ֔הֶל וְאַ֣חֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן יִסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבִמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכָּן־שָׁם֙ הֶֽעָנָ֔ן שָׁ֥ם יַחֲנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And when the cloud was taken up from the tent, then after that the sons of Israel would move, and in the place where the cloud settled, there the sons of Israel would encamp. | |
| Num 9:18 | עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה יִסְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יַחֲנ֑וּ כָּל־יְמֵ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכֹּ֧ן הֶעָנָ֛ן עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יַחֲנֽוּ׃ | At the command of the Lord the sons of Israel would move, and at the command of the Lord they would encamp. For all the days that the cloud settled on the tabernacle, they would be encamped. | command (2x) ← mouth. |
| Num 9:19 | וּבְהַאֲרִ֧יךְ הֶֽעָנָ֛ן עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְשָׁמְר֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יִסָּֽעוּ׃ | And if the cloud stayed many days on the tabernacle, then the sons of Israel kept the Lord's charge and did not move. | stayed many days ← prolonged many days. |
| Num 9:20 | וְיֵ֞שׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֧ה הֶֽעָנָ֛ן יָמִ֥ים מִסְפָּ֖ר עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַל־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ יַחֲנ֔וּ וְעַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִסָּֽעוּ׃ | And there were occasions when the cloud was on the tabernacle for few days, when they would encamp at the command of the Lord, and when they would move at the command of the Lord. |
for few days ← days a number. The words are in apposition, [Ges-HG] §131e.
command (2x) ← mouth. |
| Num 9:21 | וְיֵ֞שׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֤ה הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד־בֹּ֔קֶר וְנַעֲלָ֧ה הֶֽעָנָ֛ן בַּבֹּ֖קֶר וְנָסָ֑עוּ א֚וֹ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה וְנַעֲלָ֥ה הֶעָנָ֖ן וְנָסָֽעוּ׃ | And there were occasions when the cloud was there from evening until morning. When the cloud was taken up in the morning, they would move. Whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they would move. | |
| Num 9:22 | אֽוֹ־יֹמַ֜יִם אוֹ־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אוֹ־יָמִ֗ים בְּהַאֲרִ֨יךְ הֶעָנָ֤ן עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ לִשְׁכֹּ֣ן עָלָ֔יו יַחֲנ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְלֹ֣א יִסָּ֑עוּ וּבְהֵעָלֹת֖וֹ יִסָּֽעוּ׃ | Whether it was two days or a month or days on end that the cloud stayed on the tabernacle, remaining on it, the sons of Israel would be encamped and would not move, and when it was taken up, they would move. | days on end that ... stayed ← days in prolonging. AV differs somewhat (tarried a year), which is also possible. |
| Num 9:23 | עַל־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ יַחֲנ֔וּ וְעַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִסָּ֑עוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת יְהוָה֙ שָׁמָ֔רוּ עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | At the command of the Lord they would encamp, and at the command of the Lord they would move. They would keep the Lord's charge according to the command of the Lord through the intermediacy of Moses. |
command (3x) ← mouth.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 10:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 10:2 | עֲשֵׂ֣ה לְךָ֗ שְׁתֵּי֙ חֲצֽוֹצְרֹ֣ת כֶּ֔סֶף מִקְשָׁ֖ה תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑ם וְהָי֤וּ לְךָ֙ לְמִקְרָ֣א הָֽעֵדָ֔ה וּלְמַסַּ֖ע אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֽוֹת׃ | “Make two silver trumpets for yourself. You will make them as beaten work, and they will be for you for convoking the congregation and for moving the camps. | |
| Num 10:3 | וְתָקְע֖וּ בָּהֵ֑ן וְנֽוֹעֲד֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And when they blow them, all the congregation will gather round you at the entrance to the tent of contact. | gather round you at ← gather you to. |
| Num 10:4 | וְאִם־בְּאַחַ֖ת יִתְקָ֑עוּ וְנוֹעֲד֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנְּשִׂיאִ֔ים רָאשֵׁ֖י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And if they blow just one trumpet, then the leaders will gather round you – the heads of the thousands of Israel. | round ← to. |
| Num 10:5 | וּתְקַעְתֶּ֖ם תְּרוּעָ֑ה וְנָֽסְעוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנ֔וֹת הַחֹנִ֖ים קֵֽדְמָה׃ | And when you sound a signal to move, the camps encamped on the east will move. | signal to move ← blast; elsewhere, alarm. |
| Num 10:6 | וּתְקַעְתֶּ֤ם תְּרוּעָה֙ שֵׁנִ֔ית וְנָֽסְעוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנ֔וֹת הַחֹנִ֖ים תֵּימָ֑נָה תְּרוּעָ֥ה יִתְקְע֖וּ לְמַסְעֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when you sound a second signal to move, then the camps encamped to the south will move. They will sound a signal to move for their journeys. | signal to move (2x): see Num 10:5. |
| Num 10:7 | וּבְהַקְהִ֖יל אֶת־הַקָּהָ֑ל תִּתְקְע֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תָרִֽיעוּ׃ | And when you convene the assembly, you will blow, but you will not sound a signal to move. | signal to move: see Num 10:5. |
| Num 10:8 | וּבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים יִתְקְע֖וּ בַּֽחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לְחֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And the sons of Aaron – the priests – will blow the trumpets, and these things will be an age-abiding statute to you and to your descendants. | to your descendants ← for your generations. |
| Num 10:9 | וְכִֽי־תָבֹ֨אוּ מִלְחָמָ֜ה בְּאַרְצְכֶ֗ם עַל־הַצַּר֙ הַצֹּרֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֔ם וַהֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם בַּחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת וֲנִזְכַּרְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְנוֹשַׁעְתֶּ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | And when you go to war in your land against the adversary who oppresses you, then you will sound the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the Lord your God, and you will be saved from your enemies. | |
| Num 10:10 | וּבְי֨וֹם שִׂמְחַתְכֶ֥ם וּֽבְמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֮ וּבְרָאשֵׁ֣י חָדְשֵׁיכֶם֒ וּתְקַעְתֶּ֣ם בַּחֲצֹֽצְרֹ֗ת עַ֚ל עֹלֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְעַ֖ל זִבְחֵ֣י שַׁלְמֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לְזִכָּרוֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | And on a joyous day of yours, and at your festivals, and on the first day of your months, you will blow the trumpets at your burnt offerings and at your peace-sacrifices, and they will be a memorial to you before your God. I am the Lord your God.” |
a joyous day of yours ← a day of your joy, a Hebraic genitive.
first day ← firsts. |
| Num 10:11 | וַיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֧ה הַשֵּׁנִ֛ית בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֖י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים בַּחֹ֑דֶשׁ נַעֲלָה֙ הֶֽעָנָ֔ן מֵעַ֖ל מִשְׁכַּ֥ן הָעֵדֻֽת׃ | And it came to pass in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month, that the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle of the testimony. | |
| Num 10:12 | וַיִּסְע֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְמַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר סִינָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֥ן הֶעָנָ֖ן בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ | So the sons of Israel moved and went on their travels from the Sinai Desert, and the cloud settled in the Desert of Paran. | |
| Num 10:13 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And they moved for the first time at the Lord's command through the intermediacy of Moses. |
command ← mouth.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 10:14 | וַיִּסַּ֞ע דֶּ֣גֶל מַחֲנֵ֧ה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֛ה בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֖ה לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־צְבָא֔וֹ נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָֽב׃ | And the ensign of the camp of the sons of Judah moved first in their armies, and in charge of its army was Nahshon the son of Amminadab. | |
| Num 10:15 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשָׂשכָ֑ר נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Issachar was Nethaneel the son of Zuar. | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Num 10:16 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻ֑ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֽוֹן׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon. | |
| Num 10:17 | וְהוּרַ֖ד הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן וְנָסְע֤וּ בְנֵֽי־גֵרְשׁוֹן֙ וּבְנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֔י נֹשְׂאֵ֖י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ ס | And the tabernacle was taken down, and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari moved, bearing the tabernacle. | |
| Num 10:18 | וְנָסַ֗ע דֶּ֛גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־צְבָא֔וֹ אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ | And the ensign of the camp of Reuben moved according to their armies, and in charge of its army was Elizur the son of Shedeur. | |
| Num 10:19 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן שְׁלֻֽמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽי שַׁדָּֽי׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. | Zurishaddai: two words in Hebrew here (Zuri shaddai), but not in Num 1:6, Num 7:36, Num 7:41. Hyphenated in Num 2:12. |
| Num 10:20 | וְעַל־צְבָ֖א מַטֵּ֣ה בְנֵי־גָ֑ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Gad was Eliasaph the son of Deuel. | |
| Num 10:21 | וְנָסְעוּ֙ הַקְּהָתִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י הַמִּקְדָּ֑שׁ וְהֵקִ֥ימוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן עַד־בֹּאָֽם׃ ס | And the Kohathites moved – the bearers of the sanctuary – and they set the tabernacle up before the rest arrived. |
Kohathites: see Gen 46:11.
they: i.e. the Kohathites, the Gershonites and the Merarites, Num 10:17. [CB] interprets somewhat differently. before the rest arrived ← up to their coming. |
| Num 10:22 | וְנָסַ֗ע דֶּ֛גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־צְבָא֔וֹ אֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ | And the ensign of the camp of the sons of Ephraim moved according to their armies, and in charge of its army was Elishama the son of Ammihud. | |
| Num 10:23 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָה־צֽוּר׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Manasseh was Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. |
Gamaliel: see Num 1:10.
Pedahzur ← Pedah-Zur, but we align it with Num 1:10. |
| Num 10:24 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעוֹנִֽי׃ ס | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin was Abidan the son of Gideoni. | Gideoni: see Num 1:11. |
| Num 10:25 | וְנָסַ֗ע דֶּ֚גֶל מַחֲנֵ֣ה בְנֵי־דָ֔ן מְאַסֵּ֥ף לְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֹ֖ת לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־צְבָא֔וֹ אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּישַׁדָּֽי׃ | And the ensign of the camp of the sons of Dan moved, keeping the rearguard of all the camps according to their armies. And in charge of his army was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. | |
| Num 10:26 | וְעַל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֑ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Asher was Pagiel the son of Ocran. | Ocran: see Num 1:13. |
| Num 10:27 | וְעַ֨ל־צְבָ֔א מַטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֑י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן׃ | And in charge of the army of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali was Ahira the son of Enan. | |
| Num 10:28 | אֵ֛לֶּה מַסְעֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וַיִּסָּֽעוּ׃ ס | These were the removal operations of the sons of Israel according to their armies when they moved. | when: temporal use of the vav. |
| Num 10:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לְ֠חֹבָב בֶּן־רְעוּאֵ֣ל הַמִּדְיָנִי֮ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁה֒ נֹסְעִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֹת֖וֹ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם לְכָ֤ה אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ וְהֵטַ֣בְנוּ לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה דִּבֶּר־ט֖וֹב עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses said to Hobab the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses' father-in-law, “We are moving to the place of which the Lord said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us, and we will treat you well, for the Lord has spoken of well-being concerning Israel.” | Reuel: AV= Raguel here, but not in Ex 2:18. |
| Num 10:30 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו לֹ֣א אֵלֵ֑ךְ כִּ֧י אִם־אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י אֵלֵֽךְ׃ | But he said to him, “I will not go. Rather, I will go to my land and to my native country.” | |
| Num 10:31 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַל־נָ֖א תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־כֵּ֣ן יָדַ֗עְתָּ חֲנֹתֵ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהָיִ֥יתָ לָּ֖נוּ לְעֵינָֽיִם׃ | Then he said, “Please do not leave us, for you know how we should encamp in the desert, and you will be our eyes. |
for ← for at thus, a reinforced for.
how we should encamp ← our encamping. |
| Num 10:32 | וְהָיָ֖ה כִּי־תֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הַטּ֣וֹב הַה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵיטִ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה עִמָּ֖נוּ וְהֵטַ֥בְנוּ לָֽךְ׃ | And it will come to pass if you go with us, that we will treat you well with the same goodness with which the Lord treats us well.” |
that ← and it will be / will come to pass.
the same goodness ← that goodness. |
| Num 10:33 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵהַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה דֶּ֖רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַאֲר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֜ה נֹסֵ֣עַ לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים לָת֥וּר לָהֶ֖ם מְנוּחָֽה׃ | And they moved from the mountain of the Lord, three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the Lord travelled in front of them for the three days' journey, to search out a resting place for them. | journey (2x) ← way, road. |
| Num 10:34 | וַעֲנַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יוֹמָ֑ם בְּנָסְעָ֖ם מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ ׆ס | And the Lord's cloud was over them by day as they travelled from the camp. | Num 10:34 and Num 10:36 end in an inverted nun (Hebrew n). [CB] says that v. 34 should follow v. 36. |
| Num 10:35 | וַיְהִ֛י בִּנְסֹ֥עַ הָאָרֹ֖ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֑ה קוּמָ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֗ה וְיָפֻ֙צוּ֙ אֹֽיְבֶ֔יךָ וְיָנֻ֥סוּ מְשַׂנְאֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
And it came to pass, as the ark was travelling, that Moses said,
“Arise, O Lord, And let your enemies be scattered, And let those who hate you Flee from your presence.” |
let your enemies be scattered (etc.): compare Ps 68:2 (Ps 68:1AV).
presence ← face. |
| Num 10:36 | וּבְנֻחֹ֖ה יֹאמַ֑ר שׁוּבָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה רִֽבְב֖וֹת אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ׆ס |
And when it rested, he said,
“Return, O Lord, To the very many thousands of Israel.” |
The verse ends in an inverted nun. See note to Num 10:34.
very many ← myriads. |
| Num 11:1 | וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמִתְאֹ֣נְנִ֔ים רַ֖ע בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַתִּבְעַר־בָּם֙ אֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֖אכַל בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | Then the people started to murmur bad things in the ears of the Lord, and the Lord heard them, and his anger was kindled, and the Lord's fire burned among them and consumed at the end of the camp. | started to murmur ← became as murmurers. |
| Num 11:2 | וַיִּצְעַ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּשְׁקַ֖ע הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the people cried out to Moses, and Moses prayed to the Lord. Then the fire subsided. | |
| Num 11:3 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא תַּבְעֵרָ֑ה כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֥ה בָ֖ם אֵ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה׃ | And he called that place Taberah, because the Lord's fire had burned among them there. | |
| Num 11:4 | וְהָֽאסַפְסֻף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ הִתְאַוּ֖וּ תַּאֲוָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ וַיִּבְכּ֗וּ גַּ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֥י יַאֲכִלֵ֖נוּ בָּשָֽׂר׃ | Then the mixed camp followers who were in their midst had a strong craving, and the sons of Israel also wept again, and they said, “Who will give us meat to eat? | had a strong craving ← craved a craving. |
| Num 11:5 | זָכַ֙רְנוּ֙ אֶת־הַדָּגָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַ֥ל בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם חִנָּ֑ם אֵ֣ת הַקִּשֻּׁאִ֗ים וְאֵת֙ הָֽאֲבַטִּחִ֔ים וְאֶת־הֶחָצִ֥יר וְאֶת־הַבְּצָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַשּׁוּמִֽים׃ | We remember the fish which we ate in Egypt freely, the cucumbers and the melons, and the leeks and the onions and the garlic. | |
| Num 11:6 | וְעַתָּ֛ה נַפְשֵׁ֥נוּ יְבֵשָׁ֖ה אֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל בִּלְתִּ֖י אֶל־הַמָּ֥ן עֵינֵֽינוּ׃ | And now our soul is dried up, and there is nothing but the manna before our eyes.” | |
| Num 11:7 | וְהַמָּ֕ן כִּזְרַע־גַּ֖ד ה֑וּא וְעֵינ֖וֹ כְּעֵ֥ין הַבְּדֹֽלַח׃ | Now the manna was like coriander seed, and its appearance was like the appearance of bdellium. |
appearance (2x) ← eye. Compare Dan 10:6.
bdellium: a semi-transparent brown tree-resin. |
| Num 11:8 | שָׁטוּ֩ הָעָ֨ם וְלָֽקְט֜וּ וְטָחֲנ֣וּ בָרֵחַ֗יִם א֤וֹ דָכוּ֙ בַּמְּדֹכָ֔ה וּבִשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּפָּר֔וּר וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ עֻג֑וֹת וְהָיָ֣ה טַעְמ֔וֹ כְּטַ֖עַם לְשַׁ֥ד הַשָּֽׁמֶן׃ | The people went to and fro and gleaned it, and they ground it with a handmill or crushed it in a mortar and boiled it in a pan and made it into cakes, and its taste was like the taste of oil cake. |
a pan ← the pan. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
oil cake: AV differs (fresh oil). |
| Num 11:9 | וּבְרֶ֧דֶת הַטַּ֛ל עַל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה יֵרֵ֥ד הַמָּ֖ן עָלָֽיו׃ | And when the dew came down on the camp at night, the manna came down onto it. | |
| Num 11:10 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם בֹּכֶה֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יו אִ֖ישׁ לְפֶ֣תַח אָהֳל֑וֹ וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ מְאֹ֔ד וּבְעֵינֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה רָֽע׃ | And Moses heard the people weeping throughout their families, each man at the entrance to his tent, and the anger of the Lord was greatly kindled, and it was also an evil matter in Moses' eyes. | |
| Num 11:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה לָמָ֤ה הֲרֵעֹ֙תָ֙ לְעַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלָ֛מָּה לֹא־מָצָ֥תִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ לָשׂ֗וּם אֶת־מַשָּׂ֛א כָּל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה עָלָֽי׃ | And Moses said to the Lord, “Why are you afflicting your servant, and why have I not found grace in your eyes, by putting the burden of all this people on me? | by putting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 11:12 | הֶאָנֹכִ֣י הָרִ֗יתִי אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־אָנֹכִ֖י יְלִדְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֵלַ֜י שָׂאֵ֣הוּ בְחֵיקֶ֗ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשָּׂ֤א הָאֹמֵן֙ אֶת־הַיֹּנֵ֔ק עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתָּ לַאֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | Did I conceive all this people, or did I give birth to them? For you say to me, ‘Bear them in your bosom as a nursing father bears a baby’, to the land about which you swore to their fathers. |
baby ← suckling.
AV closes the nested direct speech after bosom, also possible. |
| Num 11:13 | מֵאַ֤יִן לִי֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר לָתֵ֖ת לְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־יִבְכּ֤וּ עָלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָה־לָּ֥נוּ בָשָׂ֖ר וְנֹאכֵֽלָה׃ | For where should I get meat to give to all this people? For they weep to me and say, ‘Give us meat to eat.’ | |
| Num 11:14 | לֹֽא־אוּכַ֤ל אָנֹכִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֥י כָבֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | I cannot bear all of this people on my own, for it is too heavy for me. | |
| Num 11:15 | וְאִם־כָּ֣כָה ׀ אַתְּ־עֹ֣שֶׂה לִּ֗י הָרְגֵ֤נִי נָא֙ הָרֹ֔ג אִם־מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וְאַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּרָעָתִֽי׃ פ | And if you deal with me in this way, then kill me, please, without ado, if I have found grace in your eyes, so that I do not see {P: the affliction you cause} [M: my affliction].” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= ברעתך. AV differs.
kill me ... without ado: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 11:16 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶסְפָה־לִּ֞י שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִישׁ֮ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־הֵ֛ם זִקְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם וְשֹׁטְרָ֑יו וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֥וּ שָׁ֖ם עִמָּֽךְ׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Gather for me seventy men from the elders of Israel whom you know to be elders of the people, and their foremen, and take them to the tent of contact, and they shall stand there with you. | their ← its, referring to the people. |
| Num 11:17 | וְיָרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְאָצַלְתִּ֗י מִן־הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ | And I will descend and speak with you there, and I will take back some of the spirit which is on you, and I will put it on them, and they will bear the burden of the people with you, and you will not bear it on your own. | |
| Num 11:18 | וְאֶל־הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֮ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַאֲכִלֵ֙נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי־ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם׃ | And you will say to the people, ‘Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, and you will eat meat, for you have wept in the ears of the Lord, saying, «Who will feed us meat, for we fared well in Egypt», and the Lord will give you meat, and you will eat it. | |
| Num 11:19 | לֹ֣א י֥וֹם אֶחָ֛ד תֹּאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֣א יוֹמָ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א ׀ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה יָמִ֗ים וְלֹא֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה יָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֖א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ | You will not eat it for one day, and not for two days, and not for five days, and not for ten days, and not for twenty days, | |
| Num 11:20 | עַ֣ד ׀ חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֙ מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְזָרָ֑א יַ֗עַן כִּֽי־מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם וַתִּבְכּ֤וּ לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה יָצָ֥אנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | but for as much as a month of days, until it comes out of your nose, and it will be a loathsome thing to you, for you have rejected the Lord, who is in your midst, and you have wept to his face, saying, «Why ever did we come out of Egypt?» ’ ” | as much as ← up to. |
| Num 11:21 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ מֹשֶׁה֒ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֗רְתָּ בָּשָׂר֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם וְאָכְל֖וּ חֹ֥דֶשׁ יָמִֽים׃ | Then Moses said, “The people consists of six hundred thousand foot soldiers, in whose midst I am, and you have said, ‘I will give them meat, and they will eat it for a month of days.’ | |
| Num 11:22 | הֲצֹ֧אן וּבָקָ֛ר יִשָּׁחֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֣א לָהֶ֑ם אִ֣ם אֶֽת־כָּל־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֛ם יֵאָסֵ֥ף לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֥א לָהֶֽם׃ פ | Should sheep and oxen be slaughtered for them, to suffice for them, or should all the fish of the sea be gathered for them, to suffice for them?” | suffice ← find, reach, but also suffice. |
| Num 11:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הֲיַ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה תִּקְצָ֑ר עַתָּ֥ה תִרְאֶ֛ה הֲיִקְרְךָ֥ דְבָרִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Is the hand of the Lord too short? Now you will see whether my word comes to pass for you or not.” | |
| Num 11:24 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֞ף שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וַֽיַּעֲמֵ֥ד אֹתָ֖ם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | Then Moses went out and told the people the words of the Lord, and he gathered seventy men from the elders of the people and stood them round the tent. | |
| Num 11:25 | וַיֵּ֨רֶד יְהוָ֥ה ׀ בֶּעָנָן֮ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָיו֒ וַיָּ֗אצֶל מִן־הָר֙וּחַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֕ן עַל־שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים וַיְהִ֗י כְּנ֤וֹחַ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָר֔וּחַ וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יָסָֽפוּ׃ | And the Lord came down in the cloud and spoke to him, and he took back some of the spirit which was on him, and he gave it to the seventy men of the elders. And it came to pass that as the spirit rested on them, they prophesied, but they did not repeat it. | they did not repeat: either from יָסַף, yasaf, to repeat, with MT pointing and [AnLx], or from סוּף, suf, re-pointing as יָסֻפוּ, to come to an end, the cognate Chaldee verb specifically applying to the context of prophecy, Dan 4:30 (Dan 4:33AV). AV differs, taking the alternative. |
| Num 11:26 | וַיִּשָּׁאֲר֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֡ה שֵׁ֣ם הָאֶחָ֣ד ׀ אֶלְדָּ֡ד וְשֵׁם֩ הַשֵּׁנִ֨י מֵידָ֜ד וַתָּ֧נַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הָר֗וּחַ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ בַּכְּתֻבִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָצְא֖וּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And two men remained in the camp. The name of one was Eldad and the name of the other was Medad, and the spirit rested on them, and they were in the records, and they did not go out to the tent but prophesied in the camp. |
other ← second.
records ← (things) written. |
| Num 11:27 | וַיָּ֣רָץ הַנַּ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֶלְדָּ֣ד וּמֵידָ֔ד מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖ים בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And a young boy ran and told Moses and said, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.” | a young boy ← the young boy. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Num 11:28 | וַיַּ֜עַן יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִבְּחֻרָ֖יו וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנִ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה כְּלָאֵֽם׃ | Then Joshua the son of Nun, a servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, “My lord Moses, forbid them.” | forbid ← restrain. |
| Num 11:29 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּי־יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רוּח֖וֹ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Moses said to him, “Are you envious on my behalf? If only all the Lord's people were prophets and that the Lord would put his spirit on them.” | if only ← and who will give? |
| Num 11:30 | וַיֵּאָסֵ֥ף מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Moses joined the camp gathering – he and the elders of Israel. | joined the camp gathering ← was gathered to the camp. |
| Num 11:31 | וְר֜וּחַ נָסַ֣ע ׀ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֣גָז שַׂלְוִים֮ מִן־הַיָּם֒ וַיִּטֹּ֨שׁ עַל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה כְּדֶ֧רֶךְ י֣וֹם כֹּ֗ה וּכְדֶ֤רֶךְ יוֹם֙ כֹּ֔ה סְבִיב֖וֹת הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וּכְאַמָּתַ֖יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then a wind was brought into motion by the Lord, and it brought quails from the sea, and it released them at the camp, at about a day's journey on one side and at about a day's journey on the other side, around the camp, and about two cubits high on the surface of the land. |
was brought into motion by ← moved from. Qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Ex 20:5, Deut 5:9.
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Num 11:32 | וַיָּ֣קָם הָעָ֡ם כָּל־הַיּוֹם֩ הַה֨וּא וְכָל־הַלַּ֜יְלָה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ י֣וֹם הַֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיַּֽאַסְפוּ֙ אֶת־הַשְּׂלָ֔ו הַמַּמְעִ֕יט אָסַ֖ף עֲשָׂרָ֣ה חֳמָרִ֑ים וַיִּשְׁטְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ שָׁט֔וֹחַ סְבִיב֖וֹת הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And the people were up all that day and all the night and all the next day, and they gathered the quail, and he who gathered little gathered ten homers, and they spread them out wholesale around the camp. |
homer: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres.
spread ... out wholesale: infinitive absolute. them: we take לָהֶם, lahem, as the direct object. Compare Job 12:23 for ↴ |
| Num 11:33 | הַבָּשָׂ֗ר עוֹדֶ֙נּוּ֙ בֵּ֣ין שִׁנֵּיהֶ֔ם טֶ֖רֶם יִכָּרֵ֑ת וְאַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ חָרָ֣ה בָעָ֔ם וַיַּ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ בָּעָ֔ם מַכָּ֖ה רַבָּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | The meat was already between their teeth before it was cut up, and the Lord's anger was kindled against the people, and the Lord struck the people with a very great blow. |
↳ similar usage. AV differs (for themselves).
the people with a very great blow ← a very great blow on the people. |
| Num 11:34 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא קִבְר֣וֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה כִּי־שָׁם֙ קָֽבְר֔וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם הַמִּתְאַוִּֽים׃ | And he named that place Kibroth-Hattaavah, for there they buried the people who had a craving. | |
| Num 11:35 | מִקִּבְר֧וֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֛ה נָסְע֥וּ הָעָ֖ם חֲצֵר֑וֹת וַיִּהְי֖וּ בַּחֲצֵרֽוֹת׃ פ | From Kibroth-Hattaavah the people moved on to Hazeroth, and in Hazeroth they stayed. | in Hazeroth they stayed ← they were in Hazeroth. Otiose, but compare Gen 12:5. |
| Num 12:1 | וַתְּדַבֵּ֨ר מִרְיָ֤ם וְאַהֲרֹן֙ בְּמֹשֶׁ֔ה עַל־אֹד֛וֹת הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַכֻּשִׁ֖ית אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָקָ֑ח כִּֽי־אִשָּׁ֥ה כֻשִׁ֖ית לָקָֽח׃ | Then Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had taken in marriage, because he had taken an Ethiopian woman. | |
| Num 12:2 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ הֲרַ֤ק אַךְ־בְּמֹשֶׁה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲלֹ֖א גַּם־בָּ֣נוּ דִבֵּ֑ר וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע יְהוָֽה׃ | And they said, “Has the Lord only ever spoken to Moses? Has he not also spoken to us?” And the Lord heard it. | |
| Num 12:3 | וְהָאִ֥ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה *ענו **עָנָ֣יו מְאֹ֑ד מִכֹּל֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ ס | Now the man Moses was very meek, more so than any man on the face of the earth. |
meek: we, with [AnLx], take the qeré as a (needless) variant spelling of the ketiv.
any ← every. earth ← ground. |
| Num 12:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה פִּתְאֹ֗ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־מִרְיָ֔ם צְא֥וּ שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶ֖ם אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּֽם׃ | Then the Lord said all of a sudden to Moses and to Aaron and to Miriam, “Go out, the three of you, to the tent of contact.” And the three of them went out. | then: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 12:5 | וַיֵּ֤רֶד יְהוָה֙ בְּעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֔ן וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וַיִּקְרָא֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּמִרְיָ֔ם וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the Lord came down in a column of cloud and stood at the entrance to the tent, and he called Aaron and Miriam, and they both came out. | then: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 12:6 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א דְבָרָ֑י אִם־יִֽהְיֶה֙ נְבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֗ה בַּמַּרְאָה֙ אֵלָ֣יו אֶתְוַדָּ֔ע בַּחֲל֖וֹם אֲדַבֶּר־בּֽוֹ׃ |
And he said, “Just hear my words.
If there is a prophet of yours here, I, the Lord, will make myself known to him in a vision, And I will speak to him in a dream. |
|
| Num 12:7 | לֹא־כֵ֖ן עַבְדִּ֣י מֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּכָל־בֵּיתִ֖י נֶאֱמָ֥ן הֽוּא׃ |
But not so with my servant Moses. He is faithful over all my house. |
|
| Num 12:8 | פֶּ֣ה אֶל־פֶּ֞ה אֲדַבֶּר־בּ֗וֹ וּמַרְאֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א בְחִידֹ֔ת וּתְמֻנַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה יַבִּ֑יט וּמַדּ֙וּעַ֙ לֹ֣א יְרֵאתֶ֔ם לְדַבֵּ֖ר בְּעַבְדִּ֥י בְמֹשֶֽׁה׃ |
I will speak with him mouth to mouth, And in an appearance, and not in riddles, And he will behold the likeness of the Lord. Now why were you not afraid To speak against my servant Moses?” |
now: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 12:9 | וַיִּֽחַר אַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה בָּ֖ם וַיֵּלַֽךְ׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against them, and he departed. | |
| Num 12:10 | וְהֶעָנָ֗ן סָ֚ר מֵעַ֣ל הָאֹ֔הֶל וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִרְיָ֖ם מְצֹרַ֣עַת כַּשָּׁ֑לֶג וַיִּ֧פֶן אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶל־מִרְיָ֖ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְצֹרָֽעַת׃ | And the cloud departed from the tent, and the next thing that happened was that Miriam became as leprous as snow, and Aaron looked at Miriam, and he saw that she was leprous. |
the next thing that happened was that ← behold.
looked at ← turned to, but with connotations of looking. he saw that ← behold. |
| Num 12:11 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י אַל־נָ֨א תָשֵׁ֤ת עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נוֹאַ֖לְנוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽאנוּ׃ | And Aaron said to Moses, “O my lord, please do not lay sin upon us, in that we have been foolish and in that we have sinned. | |
| Num 12:12 | אַל־נָ֥א תְהִ֖י כַּמֵּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּצֵאתוֹ֙ מֵרֶ֣חֶם אִמּ֔וֹ וַיֵּאָכֵ֖ל חֲצִ֥י בְשָׂרֽוֹ׃ | Let her not be as one dead concerning whom, when he came out of {P: our} [M: his] mother's womb, half {P: our} [M: his] flesh was consumed.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= אמנו ... בשרנו. AV differs.
flesh: standing for generation of siblings. |
| Num 12:13 | וַיִּצְעַ֣ק מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵ֕ל נָ֛א רְפָ֥א נָ֖א לָֽהּ׃ פ | And Moses cried out to the Lord and said, “O God, please heal her, please.” | |
| Num 12:14 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה וְאָבִ֙יהָ֙ יָרֹ֤ק יָרַק֙ בְּפָנֶ֔יהָ הֲלֹ֥א תִכָּלֵ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים תִּסָּגֵ֞ר שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְאַחַ֖ר תֵּאָסֵֽף׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “If her father had just spat in her face, would she not have been ashamed for seven days? Let her be shut away for seven days outside the camp, and afterwards be assimilated again.” |
if: conditional use of the vav.
just spat: infinitive absolute. assimilated ← gathered. |
| Num 12:15 | וַתִּסָּגֵ֥ר מִרְיָ֛ם מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א נָסַ֔ע עַד־הֵאָסֵ֖ף מִרְיָֽם׃ | So Miriam was shut away outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not move on until Miriam was assimilated again. | assimilated ← gathered. |
| Num 12:16 | וְאַחַ֛ר נָסְע֥וּ הָעָ֖ם מֵחֲצֵר֑וֹת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ פ | And afterwards the people moved from Hazeroth and encamped in the Desert of Paran. | |
| Num 13:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 13:2 | שְׁלַח־לְךָ֣ אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וְיָתֻ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָד֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֜ד לְמַטֵּ֤ה אֲבֹתָיו֙ תִּשְׁלָ֔חוּ כֹּ֖ל נָשִׂ֥יא בָהֶֽם׃ | “Send men on your behalf to spy out the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the sons of Israel. They will send one man per tribe of his fathers. They will each be a leader in that company.” |
one man ← one man, one man.
each ← all. in that company ← among them. |
| Num 13:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֹתָ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִמִּדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָ֖ן עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כֻּלָּ֣ם אֲנָשִׁ֔ים רָאשֵׁ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽמָּה׃ | So Moses sent them from the Desert of Paran at the command of the Lord. All of them were men who were heads of the sons of Israel. | command ← mouth. |
| Num 13:4 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֑ם לְמַטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֔ן שַׁמּ֖וּעַ בֶּן־זַכּֽוּר׃ | And these are their names. For the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur. | |
| Num 13:5 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה שִׁמְע֔וֹן שָׁפָ֖ט בֶּן־חוֹרִֽי׃ | For the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori. | |
| Num 13:6 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה כָּלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃ | For the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh. | |
| Num 13:7 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר יִגְאָ֖ל בֶּן־יוֹסֵֽף׃ | For the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph. | |
| Num 13:8 | לְמַטֵּ֥ה אֶפְרָ֖יִם הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ | For the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun. | Hoshea: AV= Oshea here. The same Hebrew spelling as Hosea of Hos 1:1. In Num 13:16, the man is renamed Joshua (the traditional English name). |
| Num 13:9 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן פַּלְטִ֖י בֶּן־רָפֽוּא׃ | For the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu. | |
| Num 13:10 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן גַּדִּיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־סוֹדִֽי׃ | For the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi. | |
| Num 13:11 | לְמַטֵּ֥ה יוֹסֵ֖ף לְמַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה גַּדִּ֖י בֶּן־סוּסִֽי׃ | For the tribe of Joseph, for the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi. | |
| Num 13:12 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה דָ֔ן עַמִּיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־גְּמַלִּֽי׃ | For the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli. | |
| Num 13:13 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר סְת֖וּר בֶּן־מִיכָאֵֽל׃ | For the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael. | Sethur: the gematria of this name = 60 + 400 + 6 + 200 = 666. |
| Num 13:14 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֔י נַחְבִּ֖י בֶּן־וָפְסִֽי׃ | For the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi. | |
| Num 13:15 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה גָ֔ד גְּאוּאֵ֖ל בֶּן־מָכִֽי׃ | For the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi. | |
| Num 13:16 | אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | Those are the names of the men whom Moses sent to spy out the land, and Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua. |
Hoshea: see Num 13:8.
Joshua: see Ex 17:9. AV= Jehoshua here, which is closer to the Hebrew, but Joshua for the same spelling in Num 14:6 and elsewhere. |
| Num 13:17 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֹתָם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָת֖וּר אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם עֲל֥וּ זֶה֙ בַּנֶּ֔גֶב וַעֲלִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־הָהָֽר׃ | And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and he said to them, “Go up here in the south and go up the mountain, | |
| Num 13:18 | וּרְאִיתֶ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ מַה־הִ֑וא וְאֶת־הָעָם֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ הֶחָזָ֥ק הוּא֙ הֲרָפֶ֔ה הַמְעַ֥ט ה֖וּא אִם־רָֽב׃ | and see what the land is like, and the people living on it, whether they are strong or weak, whether they are few or many, | |
| Num 13:19 | וּמָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ הֲטוֹבָ֥ה הִ֖וא אִם־רָעָ֑ה וּמָ֣ה הֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהֵ֔נָּה הַבְּמַֽחֲנִ֖ים אִ֥ם בְּמִבְצָרִֽים׃ | and what the land is like which they are living on, whether it is good or bad, and what the cities are like which they are living in, whether they are in encampments or in fortifications, | |
| Num 13:20 | וּמָ֣ה הָ֠אָרֶץ הַשְּׁמֵנָ֨ה הִ֜וא אִם־רָזָ֗ה הֲיֵֽשׁ־בָּ֥הּ עֵץ֙ אִם־אַ֔יִן וְהִ֨תְחַזַּקְתֶּ֔ם וּלְקַחְתֶּ֖ם מִפְּרִ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהַ֨יָּמִ֔ים יְמֵ֖י בִּכּוּרֵ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃ | and what the land is like as to whether it is fertile or barren, whether there are trees in it or not. So take courage, and take some of the fruit of the land.” Now the days were the days of the firstfruits of the grapes. | fertile or barren ← fat or lean. |
| Num 13:21 | וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ וַיָּתֻ֣רוּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ מִמִּדְבַּר־צִ֥ן עַד־רְחֹ֖ב לְבֹ֥א חֲמָֽת׃ | So they went up and spied out the land from the Desert of Zin to Rehob, as one goes to Hamath. | |
| Num 13:22 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בַנֶּגֶב֮ וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־חֶבְרוֹן֒ וְשָׁ֤ם אֲחִימַן֙ שֵׁשַׁ֣י וְתַלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָעֲנָ֑ק וְחֶבְר֗וֹן שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ נִבְנְתָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י צֹ֥עַן מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they went up in the south and came to Hebron, where Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai are – Anak's offspring. And Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt. |
Anak ← the Anak.
in Egypt ← of Egypt. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 13:23 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם זְמוֹרָה֙ וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל עֲנָבִים֙ אֶחָ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ בַמּ֖וֹט בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם וּמִן־הָרִמֹּנִ֖ים וּמִן־הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃ | And they came to the Brook of Eshcol, and they cut down a branch from there, and one bunch of grapes, and they carried it by pole with two of them, with some pomegranates and some figs. | with ← and. Wider use of the vav. |
| Num 13:24 | לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קָרָ֖א נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכּ֑וֹל עַ֚ל אֹד֣וֹת הָֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־כָּרְת֥וּ מִשָּׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | They called that place the Brook of Eshcol because of the bunch of grapes which the sons of Israel cut down there. | there ← from there. |
| Num 13:25 | וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ מִתּ֣וּר הָאָ֑רֶץ מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ | Then they came back from spying out the land after forty days. | |
| Num 13:26 | וַיֵּלְכ֡וּ וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָ֖ן קָדֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּשִׁ֨יבוּ אוֹתָ֤ם דָּבָר֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּרְא֖וּם אֶת־פְּרִ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And they departed and came back to Moses and Aaron and the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, to the Desert of Paran, to Kadesh, and they reported back to them and the whole congregation, and they showed them the fruit of the land. | |
| Num 13:27 | וַיְסַפְּרוּ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ בָּ֕אנוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְ֠גַם זָבַ֨ת חָלָ֥ב וּדְבַ֛שׁ הִ֖וא וְזֶה־פִּרְיָֽהּ׃ | And they related it to him and said, “We came to the land to which you sent us, and indeed it is flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. | flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 13:28 | אֶ֚פֶס כִּֽי־עַ֣ז הָעָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים בְּצֻר֤וֹת גְּדֹלֹת֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְגַם־יְלִדֵ֥י הָֽעֲנָ֖ק רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | However, the people who live in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and are very great, and we also saw the offspring of Anak there. | |
| Num 13:29 | עֲמָלֵ֥ק יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַנֶּ֑גֶב וְ֠הַֽחִתִּי וְהַיְבוּסִ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֔ר וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־הַיָּ֔ם וְעַ֖ל יַ֥ד הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Amalek lives in the land to the south, and the Hittite and the Jebusite and the Amorite live in the mountainous area, and the Canaanite lives by the sea and by the side of the Jordan.” | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 13:30 | וַיַּ֧הַס כָּלֵ֛ב אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עָלֹ֤ה נַעֲלֶה֙ וְיָרַ֣שְׁנוּ אֹתָ֔הּ כִּֽי־יָכ֥וֹל נוּכַ֖ל לָֽהּ׃ | Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, and he said, “We can certainly go up and inherit it, for we will certainly overpower it.” | we can certainly go up and inherit ... we will certainly overpower: both infinitive absolute. |
| Num 13:31 | וְהָ֨אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־עָל֤וּ עִמּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לַעֲל֣וֹת אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָזָ֥ק ה֖וּא מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | But the men who went up with him said, “We cannot go up to the people, for they are stronger than us.” | than us: or, if the reader prefers, than we. |
| Num 13:32 | וַיּוֹצִ֜יאוּ דִּבַּ֤ת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּר֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ עָבַ֨רְנוּ בָ֜הּ לָת֣וּר אֹתָ֗הּ אֶ֣רֶץ אֹכֶ֤לֶת יוֹשְׁבֶ֙יהָ֙ הִ֔וא וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֥ינוּ בְתוֹכָ֖הּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִדּֽוֹת׃ | And they propounded a slander to the sons of Israel concerning the land which they had spied out, and they said, “The land which we crossed over to spy it out is a land which consumes its inhabitants, and all the people we saw in it were men of great stature. |
slander ... concerning ← slander of. Wider use of the construct state.
stature ← measure. |
| Num 13:33 | וְשָׁ֣ם רָאִ֗ינוּ אֶת־הַנְּפִילִ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָ֖ק מִן־הַנְּפִלִ֑ים וַנְּהִ֤י בְעֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ כַּֽחֲגָבִ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן הָיִ֖ינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And we saw the Nephilim – the sons of Anak who spring from the Nephilim – and in our sight we were like grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.” | Nephilim (2x): see Gen 6:4, and in the NT 1 Pet 3:20, 2 Pet 2:10, 1 John 4:1, Jude 1:6. |
| Num 14:1 | וַתִּשָּׂא֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַֽיִּתְּנ֖וּ אֶת־קוֹלָ֑ם וַיִּבְכּ֥וּ הָעָ֖ם בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַהֽוּא׃ | Then the whole congregation raised their voice and gave vent to it, and the people wept that night. | raised their voice and gave vent ← raised and gave their voice. |
| Num 14:2 | וַיִּלֹּ֙נוּ֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם כָּל־הָעֵדָ֗ה לוּ־מַ֙תְנוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם א֛וֹ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לוּ־מָֽתְנוּ׃ | And all the sons of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron, and all the congregation said to them, “If only we had died in the land of Egypt, or if only we had died in this desert. | |
| Num 14:3 | וְלָמָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה מֵבִ֨יא אֹתָ֜נוּ אֶל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ לִנְפֹּ֣ל בַּחֶ֔רֶב נָשֵׁ֥ינוּ וְטַפֵּ֖נוּ יִהְי֣וּ לָבַ֑ז הֲל֧וֹא ט֦וֹב לָ֖נוּ שׁ֥וּב מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | Why is the Lord bringing us to this land to fall by the sword? Our wives and our children will be a spoil. Would it not be good for us to return to Egypt?” | |
| Num 14:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו נִתְּנָ֥ה רֹ֖אשׁ וְנָשׁ֥וּבָה מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ | And one man would say to another, “Let us appoint a head and return to Egypt.” | one man would say to another ← each (man) said to his brother, but the expression is idiomatic, as in Gen 26:31. |
| Num 14:5 | וַיִּפֹּ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־קְהַ֥ל עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | At this Moses and Aaron fell face down before the whole assembly of the congregation of the sons of Israel. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
face down ← on their faces. whole ... Israel: in a chain of four construct states. |
| Num 14:6 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְכָלֵב֙ בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה מִן־הַתָּרִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ קָרְע֖וּ בִּגְדֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes, | |
| Num 14:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבַ֤רְנוּ בָהּ֙ לָת֣וּר אֹתָ֔הּ טוֹבָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ | and they spoke to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, and they said, “The land which we crossed to spy it out is a very, very good land. | |
| Num 14:8 | אִם־חָפֵ֥ץ בָּ֙נוּ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְהֵבִ֤יא אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וּנְתָנָ֖הּ לָ֑נוּ אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֛וא זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | If the Lord takes delight in us, he will bring us to this land, and he will give it to us – a land which is flowing with milk and honey. | |
| Num 14:9 | אַ֣ךְ בַּֽיהוָה֮ אַל־תִּמְרֹדוּ֒ וְאַתֶּ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י לַחְמֵ֖נוּ הֵ֑ם סָ֣ר צִלָּ֧ם מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֛ם וַֽיהוָ֥ה אִתָּ֖נוּ אַל־תִּירָאֻֽם׃ | But do not rebel against the Lord and do not fear the people of the land, for they are our warfare, and their defence is departing from them, and the Lord is with us. Do not fear them.” |
warfare: or bread, as AV, but we take the word as from לָחֵם, as in Judg 5:8. So AV differs.
defence ← shadow, metaphorically covering, shelter, so protection, defence; see [AnLx]. |
| Num 14:10 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לִרְגּ֥וֹם אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִ֑ים וּכְב֣וֹד יְהוָ֗ה נִרְאָה֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then all the congregation spoke for stoning them, when the glory of the Lord appeared in the tent of contact to all the sons of Israel. | stoning: the expression is as in Lev 24:23. |
| Num 14:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַד־אָ֥נָה יְנַאֲצֻ֖נִי הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה וְעַד־אָ֙נָה֙ לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ בִ֔י בְּכֹל֙ הָֽאֹת֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “How long will this people despise me? And how long will they not believe in me, despite all the signs which I have performed in their midst? |
despise: AV differs (provoke), not supported by [AnLx]. Similarly in Num 14:23, Num 16:30.
their ← its, referring to this people. Similarly in the next verse. |
| Num 14:12 | אַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַדֶּ֖בֶר וְאוֹרִשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֹֽתְךָ֔ לְגוֹי־גָּד֥וֹל וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | I will strike them with a plague, and I will disinherit them, and I will make just you a people greater and more powerful than them.” |
you: singular.
than them: or, if the reader prefers, than they. |
| Num 14:13 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁמְע֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּֽי־הֶעֱלִ֧יתָ בְכֹחֲךָ֛ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה מִקִּרְבּֽוֹ׃ | Then Moses said to the Lord, “Then Egypt will hear that you brought this people up from its midst by your power, | |
| Num 14:14 | וְאָמְר֗וּ אֶל־יוֹשֵׁב֮ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּאת֒ שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּקֶ֖רֶב הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־עַ֨יִן בְּעַ֜יִן נִרְאָ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַעֲנָֽנְךָ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עֲלֵהֶ֔ם וּבְעַמֻּ֣ד עָנָ֗ן אַתָּ֨ה הֹלֵ֤ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לָֽיְלָה׃ | and they will tell of it to the inhabitants of this land, who have heard that you are the Lord in the midst of this people, and that you appeared, O Lord, eye to eye, and how your cloud would remain on them, and in the column of the cloud you would go before them by day, and in the column of fire by night. |
inhabitants ← inhabitant.
you appeared: we take נִרְאָה אַתָּה as an uncontracted form of נִרְאֵיתָ. |
| Num 14:15 | וְהֵמַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמְע֥וּ אֶֽת־שִׁמְעֲךָ֖ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | If you kill this people down to the last man, the Gentiles who have heard of your fame will speak and say, | down to the last man ← as one man. |
| Num 14:16 | מִבִּלְתִּ֞י יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהוָ֗ה לְהָבִיא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣ע לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | ‘It is for lack of ability of the Lord to bring this people to the land which he promised by an oath to them that he slaughtered them in the desert.’ | |
| Num 14:17 | וְעַתָּ֕ה יִגְדַּל־נָ֖א כֹּ֣חַ אֲדֹנָ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | So now, please let your power be great, O Lord*, as you have spoken and said, | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Num 14:18 | יְהוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד נֹשֵׂ֥א עָוֺ֖ן וָפָ֑שַׁע וְנַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה פֹּקֵ֞ד עֲוֺ֤ן אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִֽים׃ | ‘The Lord is longsuffering and great in mercy, bearing iniquity and transgression, but he certainly will not declare them innocent, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on sons, on the third generation, and on the fourth generation.’ |
in mercy ← of mercy. Wider use of the construct state.
he certainly will not declare them innocent: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 14:19 | סְלַֽח־נָ֗א לַעֲוֺ֛ן הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כְּגֹ֣דֶל חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתָה֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־הֵֽנָּה׃ | Please forgive the iniquity of this people according to your great kindness, and as you have borne with this people from Egypt to here.” | your great kindness ← the greatness of your kindness, a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Num 14:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה סָלַ֖חְתִּי כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ | Then the Lord said, “I have forgiven them in accordance with your request. | request ← word. |
| Num 14:21 | וְאוּלָ֖ם חַי־אָ֑נִי וְיִמָּלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But, as I live, the whole earth will be filled with the glory of the Lord. | the whole earth will be filled with the glory of the Lord: compare Ps 72:19. |
| Num 14:22 | כִּ֣י כָל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָרֹאִ֤ים אֶת־כְּבֹדִי֙ וְאֶת־אֹ֣תֹתַ֔י אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי בְמִצְרַ֖יִם וּבַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֹתִ֗י זֶ֚ה עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּעָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּקוֹלִֽי׃ | Nevertheless, all the men who, seeing my glory and my signs which I performed in Egypt and in the desert, still tempted me these ten times and did not heed me |
still ← and. Wider use of the vav, in conjunction with nevertheless.
heed me ← hear my voice. |
| Num 14:23 | אִם־יִרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי לַאֲבֹתָ֑ם וְכָל־מְנַאֲצַ֖י לֹ֥א יִרְאֽוּהָ׃ | will certainly not see the land about which I swore to their fathers, and all those who despise me will not see it. |
will certainly not see: standing for if they ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
despise: as in Num 14:11. |
| Num 14:24 | וְעַבְדִּ֣י כָלֵ֗ב עֵ֣קֶב הָֽיְתָ֞ה ר֤וּחַ אַחֶ֙רֶת֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיְמַלֵּ֖א אַחֲרָ֑י וַהֲבִֽיאֹתִ֗יו אֶל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א שָׁ֔מָּה וְזַרְע֖וֹ יוֹרִשֶֽׁנָּה׃ | But as for my servant Caleb, because there was a different spirit with him, and he fully followed me, I will bring him into the land which he is going to, and his seed will inherit it. | |
| Num 14:25 | וְהָֽעֲמָלֵקִ֥י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּעֵ֑מֶק מָחָ֗ר פְּנ֨וּ וּסְע֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר דֶּ֥רֶךְ יַם־סֽוּף׃ פ | Yet the Amalekite and the Canaanite are living in the valley. Tomorrow turn and move on to the desert in the direction of the Red Sea.” |
move on ← move for yourselves.
direction ← way. Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. |
| Num 14:26 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and said, | |
| Num 14:27 | עַד־מָתַ֗י לָעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה מַלִּינִ֖ים עָלָ֑י אֶת־תְּלֻנּ֞וֹת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵ֧מָּה מַלִּינִ֛ים עָלַ֖י שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ | “How long shall I suffer this wicked congregation, who murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the sons of Israel with which they murmur against me. | murmur: partly in an Aramaic form. Compare Ex 16:8. |
| Num 14:28 | אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֕א כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם בְּאָזְנָ֑י כֵּ֖ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | Say to them, ‘As I live, says the Lord, I swear that as you have spoken in my hearing, so I will deal with you. | I swear that ← if not, standing for if I do not ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Num 14:29 | בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַ֠זֶּה יִפְּל֨וּ פִגְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְכָל־פְּקֻדֵיכֶם֙ לְכָל־מִסְפַּרְכֶ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲלִֽינֹתֶ֖ם עָלָֽי׃ | Your corpses will fall in this desert with all of those of you counted according to all your numbers, from twenty years old and above, because you murmured against me. | |
| Num 14:30 | אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּ֑הּ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ | I swear that you will not go to the land which I swore to settle you in, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun. |
I swear that you will not ← if, standing for if you ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
I swore ← I lifted my hand. |
| Num 14:31 | וְטַ֨פְּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֑ה וְהֵבֵיאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְאַסְתֶּ֖ם בָּֽהּ׃ | Now as for your children, whom you said would be a spoil, I will bring them in, and they will know the land which you rejected. | |
| Num 14:32 | וּפִגְרֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֑ם יִפְּל֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | But as for you, your corpses will fall in this desert. | |
| Num 14:33 | וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם יִהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And your sons will be shepherds in the desert for forty years, and they will bear your immoral practices until your corpses have been consumed in the desert, | will be shepherds: AV differs (shall wander), not supported by [AnLx]. |
| Num 14:34 | בְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֮ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנוּאָתִֽי׃ | according with the number of days you spied out the land – for forty days. At a day to a year you will bear your iniquities, for forty years, and you will know how you hindered me.’ |
at a day to a year ← a day to a year, a day to a year.
how you hindered me ← my hindrance, an objective genitive. |
| Num 14:35 | אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ דִּבַּרְתִּי֒ אִם־לֹ֣א ׀ זֹ֣את אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֗ה לְכָל־הָעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את הַנּוֹעָדִ֖ים עָלָ֑י בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה יִתַּ֖מּוּ וְשָׁ֥ם יָמֻֽתוּ׃ | I, the Lord, have said, ‘I will certainly do this to all this wicked congregation which is gathered together against me. They will be consumed in this desert, and there they will die, | I will certainly do ← if not, standing for if I do not ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Num 14:36 | וְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּשֻׁ֗בוּ *וילונו **וַיַּלִּ֤ינוּ עָלָיו֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לְהוֹצִ֥יא דִבָּ֖ה עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | as will the men whom Moses sent to spy out the land who, when they returned, murmured against him with all the congregation by propounding a slander about the land.’ ” |
murmured against him with all the congregation: the ketiv has the same meaning as the qeré.
by propounding: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 14:37 | וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים מוֹצִאֵ֥י דִבַּת־הָאָ֖רֶץ רָעָ֑ה בַּמַּגֵּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the men who propounded the evil slander about the land died in a plague before the Lord. | |
| Num 14:38 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְכָלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֑ה חָיוּ֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הַֽהֹלְכִ֖ים לָת֥וּר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | But Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh survived of those men who went to spy out the land. | |
| Num 14:39 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽתְאַבְּל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | And Moses told these things to all the sons of Israel, and the people mourned greatly. | |
| Num 14:40 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּֽעֲל֥וּ אֶל־רֹאשׁ־הָהָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֶּ֗נּוּ וְעָלִ֛ינוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י חָטָֽאנוּ׃ | And they rose early in the morning, and they were going up to the summit of the mountain when they said, “Here we are, and we have come up to the place which the Lord spoke of, for we have sinned.” | Here we are ← behold us. |
| Num 14:41 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אַתֶּ֥ם עֹבְרִ֖ים אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהִ֖וא לֹ֥א תִצְלָֽח׃ | Then Moses said, “Why ever are you transgressing the Lord's command? So this will not succeed. | command ← mouth. |
| Num 14:42 | אַֽל־תַּעֲל֔וּ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין יְהוָ֖ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּ֣גְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | Do not go up, for the Lord is not in your midst, so that you do not get struck down before your enemies. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 14:43 | כִּי֩ הָעֲמָלֵקִ֨י וְהַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְפַלְתֶּ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן שַׁבְתֶּם֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | For the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there in front of you, and you will fall by the sword, because you have turned away from following the Lord, and the Lord will not be with you.” |
because ← because at thus, a reinforced because. Compare Num 10:31.
from following ← from after. |
| Num 14:44 | וַיַּעְפִּ֕לוּ לַעֲל֖וֹת אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַאֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ וּמֹשֶׁ֔ה לֹא־מָ֖שׁוּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | But they were presumptuous in going up to the summit of the mountain when the ark of the covenant of the Lord and Moses had not moved from the midst of the camp. | in going up: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 14:45 | וַיֵּ֤רֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה׃ פ | And the Amalekite came down, as did the Canaanite who lived on that mountain, and they struck them and routed them as far as Hormah. |
routed: in an Aramaic form.
Hormah ← the Hormah. |
| Num 15:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 15:2 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י תָבֹ֗אוּ אֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you come to the land of your dwelling places which I am giving you, | |
| Num 15:3 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ עֹלָ֣ה אוֹ־זֶ֔בַח לְפַלֵּא־נֶ֙דֶר֙ א֣וֹ בִנְדָבָ֔ה א֖וֹ בְּמֹעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֞וֹת רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה מִן־הַבָּקָ֖ר א֥וֹ מִן־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | you will perform a fire-offering to the Lord, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice, by committing yourself to a vow, or in a freewill-offering, or in your festivals by making a sweet fragrance to the Lord from the oxen or from the sheep. | by committing ... by making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 15:4 | וְהִקְרִ֛יב הַמַּקְרִ֥יב קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ לַֽיהוָ֑ה מִנְחָה֙ סֹ֣לֶת עִשָּׂר֔וֹן בָּל֕וּל בִּרְבִעִ֥ית הַהִ֖ין שָֽׁמֶן׃ | And the offerer will offer his oblation to the Lord, a meal-offering of a tenth measure of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil. |
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:5 | וְיַ֤יִן לַנֶּ֙סֶךְ֙ רְבִיעִ֣ית הַהִ֔ין תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה עַל־הָעֹלָ֖ה א֣וֹ לַזָּ֑בַח לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And you will put wine on the burnt offering or the sacrifice as a libation – a quarter of a hin per lamb. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:6 | א֤וֹ לָאַ֙יִל֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִנְחָ֔ה סֹ֖לֶת שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֑ים בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן שְׁלִשִׁ֥ית הַהִֽין׃ | Or for a ram you will make a meal-offering of two tenth measures of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of oil, |
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:7 | וְיַ֥יִן לַנֶּ֖סֶךְ שְׁלִשִׁ֣ית הַהִ֑ין תַּקְרִ֥יב רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | and wine for the libation – a third of a hin. You will offer a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:8 | וְכִֽי־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה בֶן־בָּקָ֖ר עֹלָ֣ה אוֹ־זָ֑בַח לְפַלֵּא־נֶ֥דֶר אֽוֹ־שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And when you perform the burnt offering of a bull-calf, or a sacrifice, by committing yourself to a vow, or perform peace-offerings to the Lord, | by committing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 15:9 | וְהִקְרִ֤יב עַל־בֶּן־הַבָּקָר֙ מִנְחָ֔ה סֹ֖לֶת שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֑ים בָּל֥וּל בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן חֲצִ֥י הַהִֽין׃ | he will offer with the bull-calf a meal-offering of three tenth measures of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil. |
he: the change of grammatical person (you to he) is not uncommon in Hebrew.
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:10 | וְיַ֛יִן תַּקְרִ֥יב לַנֶּ֖סֶךְ חֲצִ֣י הַהִ֑ין אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And you will offer wine as a libation – half a hin, as a fire-offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 15:11 | כָּ֣כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֗ה לַשּׁוֹר֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד א֖וֹ לָאַ֣יִל הָאֶחָ֑ד אֽוֹ־לַשֶּׂ֥ה בַכְּבָשִׂ֖ים א֥וֹ בָעִזִּֽים׃ | That is how it will be performed for one ox or for one ram or for a small cattle animal from the lambs or goats. |
that is how ← thus.
from ← among. |
| Num 15:12 | כַּמִּסְפָּ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ כָּ֛כָה תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָאֶחָ֖ד כְּמִסְפָּרָֽם׃ | For whatever number you carry out, that is how you will perform the offering for each one – according to their number. |
for whatever number ← according to the number.
that is how ← thus. |
| Num 15:13 | כָּל־הָאֶזְרָ֥ח יַעֲשֶׂה־כָּ֖כָה אֶת־אֵ֑לֶּה לְהַקְרִ֛יב אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | Every native citizen will perform these things this way by offering a fire-offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | by offering: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 15:14 | וְכִֽי־יָגוּר֩ אִתְּכֶ֨ם גֵּ֜ר א֤וֹ אֲשֶֽׁר־בְּתֽוֹכְכֶם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְעָשָׂ֛ה אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And if a foreigner is dwelling with you, or whoever is in your midst, throughout your generations, he will perform a fire-offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. As you do, so shall he do. | |
| Num 15:15 | הַקָּהָ֕ל חֻקָּ֥ה אַחַ֛ת לָכֶ֖ם וְלַגֵּ֣ר הַגָּ֑ר חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם כָּכֶ֛ם כַּגֵּ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Convocation, there will be one statute for you and for the foreigner who is temporarily resident. It is an age-abiding statute for your generations. As it is for you, so for the foreigner shall it be before the Lord. | |
| Num 15:16 | תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֛ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט אֶחָ֖ד יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר אִתְּכֶֽם׃ פ | It will be one law and one regulation, for you and for the foreigner dwelling with you.’ ” | |
| Num 15:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 15:18 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם בְּבֹֽאֲכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you come to the land to which I am bringing you, | |
| Num 15:19 | וְהָיָ֕ה בַּאֲכָלְכֶ֖ם מִלֶּ֣חֶם הָאָ֑רֶץ תָּרִ֥ימוּ תְרוּמָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | it will come to pass that when you partake of the bread of the land, you will offer a heave-offering to the Lord. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Num 15:20 | רֵאשִׁית֙ עֲרִסֹ֣תֵכֶ֔ם חַלָּ֖ה תָּרִ֣ימוּ תְרוּמָ֑ה כִּתְרוּמַ֣ת גֹּ֔רֶן כֵּ֖ן תָּרִ֥ימוּ אֹתָֽהּ׃ | You will offer a heave-offering of cake of the first of your groats. As a heave-offering of produce on the threshing floor, so you will offer it. | |
| Num 15:21 | מֵרֵאשִׁית֙ עֲרִסֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תִּתְּנ֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה תְּרוּמָ֑ה לְדֹרֹ֖תֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | You will give the Lord a heave-offering of the first of your groats throughout your generations. | |
| Num 15:22 | וְכִ֣י תִשְׁגּ֔וּ וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֺ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And if you go astray and do not carry out all these commandments which the Lord has spoken to Moses, | |
| Num 15:23 | אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֑ה מִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה וָהָ֖לְאָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | everything that the Lord commanded you through the intermediacy of Moses from the day when the Lord gave commandment and since then for your generations, |
intermediacy ← hand.
since then ← onwards. |
| Num 15:24 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִ֣ם מֵעֵינֵ֣י הָעֵדָה֮ נֶעֶשְׂתָ֣ה לִשְׁגָגָה֒ וְעָשׂ֣וּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֡ה פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֩ אֶחָ֨ד לְעֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָת֥וֹ וְנִסְכּ֖וֹ כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽת׃ | then it will come to pass, if it was done hidden from the eyes of the congregation in a sin through ignorance, then the whole congregation will carry out a burnt offering of one bull-calf of the oxen as a sweet fragrance to the Lord, with its meal-offering and its libation according to the regulation, and one kid of the goats as a sin-offering. | with its meal-offering ← and its meal-offering. |
| Num 15:25 | וְכִפֶּ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן עַֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנִסְלַ֣ח לָהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־שְׁגָגָ֣ה הִ֔וא וְהֵם֩ הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָ֜ם אִשֶּׁ֣ה לַֽיהוָ֗ה וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עַל־שִׁגְגָתָֽם׃ | And the priest will make atonement for the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, and it will be forgiven them, for it was a sin through ignorance, and they will bring their oblation – a fire-offering to the Lord, and their sin-offering – before the Lord for their sin through ignorance. | |
| Num 15:26 | וְנִסְלַ֗ח לְכָל־עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֑ם כִּ֥י לְכָל־הָעָ֖ם בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃ ס | And it will be forgiven the whole congregation of the sons of Israel and the foreigner who is temporarily resident in their midst, because all the people were in a sin of ignorance. | |
| Num 15:27 | וְאִם־נֶ֥פֶשׁ אַחַ֖ת תֶּחֱטָ֣א בִשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְהִקְרִ֛יבָה עֵ֥ז בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֖הּ לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | And if one person sins by a sin of ignorance, then he will offer a one-year-old she-goat as a sin-offering. | person ← soul. |
| Num 15:28 | וְכִפֶּ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן עַל־הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַשֹּׁגֶ֛גֶת בְּחֶטְאָ֥ה בִשְׁגָגָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֖יו וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ | And the priest will atone for the person who has sinned through ignorance, in a sin, in a sin of ignorance before the Lord, by atoning for him, and it will be forgiven him. |
person ← soul.
by atoning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 15:29 | הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֑ם תּוֹרָ֤ה אַחַת֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם לָעֹשֶׂ֖ה בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃ | There will be one law for you, both for the native of the sons of Israel and for the foreigner who is temporarily resident in their midst – for him who commits a sin of ignorance. | commits a sin of ignorance ← acts in a sin of ignorance. |
| Num 15:30 | וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה ׀ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֗ה מִן־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ וּמִן־הַגֵּ֔ר אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא מְגַדֵּ֑ף וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ׃ | But as for any person who acts presumptuously, whether from the native citizens or the foreigners, reviling the Lord, that person will be cut off from the midst of his people. |
person (2x) ← soul.
presumptuously ← in a high / haughty hand. |
| Num 15:31 | כִּ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ בָּזָ֔ה וְאֶת־מִצְוָת֖וֹ הֵפַ֑ר הִכָּרֵ֧ת ׀ תִּכָּרֵ֛ת הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא עֲוֺנָ֥ה בָֽהּ׃ פ | For he has despised the word of the Lord, and he has broken his commandment. That person will certainly be cut off – his iniquity is on him.’ ” |
person ← soul.
will certainly be cut off: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 15:32 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַֽיִּמְצְא֗וּ אִ֛ישׁ מְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ עֵצִ֖ים בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ | Now when the sons of Israel were in the desert, they found a man collecting wood on the Sabbath day. | |
| Num 15:33 | וַיַּקְרִ֣יבוּ אֹת֔וֹ הַמֹּצְאִ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ מְקֹשֵׁ֣שׁ עֵצִ֑ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | And those who found him gathering wood brought him to Moses and Aaron and to the whole congregation, | |
| Num 15:34 | וַיַּנִּ֥יחוּ אֹת֖וֹ בַּמִּשְׁמָ֑ר כִּ֚י לֹ֣א פֹרַ֔שׁ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ ס | and they put him in custody, for it had not been declared what should be done to him. | |
| Num 15:35 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָאִ֑ישׁ רָג֨וֹם אֹת֤וֹ בָֽאֲבָנִים֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “The man will certainly be put to death. The whole congregation will stone him outside the camp.” |
certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute.
stone him ← “boulder” him with stones. Infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Num 15:36 | וַיֹּצִ֨יאוּ אֹת֜וֹ כָּל־הָעֵדָ֗ה אֶל־מִחוּץ֙ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיִּרְגְּמ֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ בָּאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹ֑ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | So the whole congregation brought him outside the camp and stoned him, and he died, according to what the Lord had commanded Moses. | stoned: see Num 15:35. |
| Num 15:37 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 15:38 | דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וְעָשׂ֨וּ לָהֶ֥ם צִיצִ֛ת עַל־כַּנְפֵ֥י בִגְדֵיהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָ֑ם וְנָֽתְנ֛וּ עַל־צִיצִ֥ת הַכָּנָ֖ף פְּתִ֥יל תְּכֵֽלֶת׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them that they are to make fringes on the edges of their clothes throughout their generations, and they are to put a cord of blue material on the fringes, on the edge. | fringes: see Matt 23:5. |
| Num 15:39 | וְהָיָ֣ה לָכֶם֮ לְצִיצִת֒ וּרְאִיתֶ֣ם אֹת֗וֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תָתֻ֜רוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it will be a fringe to you, and when you see it, you will remember all the Lord's commandments, and you will carry them out, and you will not go about after your own heart and after your own eyes, in which case you would be committing whoredom going off after them, | |
| Num 15:40 | לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכְּר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֑י וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם קְדֹשִׁ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | so that you remember to carry out all my commandments, and you will be holy to your God. | |
| Num 15:41 | אֲנִ֞י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֤אתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt to be God to you. I am the Lord your God.” | |
| Num 16:1 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח קֹ֔רַח בֶּן־יִצְהָ֥ר בֶּן־קְהָ֖ת בֶּן־לֵוִ֑י וְדָתָ֨ן וַאֲבִירָ֜ם בְּנֵ֧י אֱלִיאָ֛ב וְא֥וֹן בֶּן־פֶּ֖לֶת בְּנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | Then Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, and Dathan and Abiram the sons of Eliab, and On the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben, took matters into their own hands |
Korah: mentioned in Jude 1:11.
Izhar: see Num 3:19, but AV= Izhar here. Kohath: see Gen 46:11. The prefixed copula (וְ) to Dathan militates ↴ |
| Num 16:2 | וַיָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים מִבְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם נְשִׂיאֵ֥י עֵדָ֛ה קְרִאֵ֥י מוֹעֵ֖ד אַנְשֵׁי־שֵֽׁם׃ | and rose up before Moses, with two hundred and fifty men from the sons of Israel, leaders of the congregation, selected men of the assembly, men of renown, | ↳ against [CB]'s suggestion Korah took Dathan and .... But one could read Korah took both Dathan and .... |
| Num 16:3 | וַיִּֽקָּהֲל֞וּ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶם֮ רַב־לָכֶם֒ כִּ֤י כָל־הָֽעֵדָה֙ כֻּלָּ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים וּבְתוֹכָ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ תִּֽתְנַשְּׂא֖וּ עַל־קְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ | and they were convened against Moses and against Aaron, and they said to them, “It is too much for you, seeing that the whole congregation is all holy, and the Lord is in their midst, so why do you elevate yourselves above the Lord's convocation?” | |
| Num 16:4 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עַל־פָּנָֽיו׃ | And when Moses heard it, he fell face down. | face down ← on his face. |
| Num 16:5 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֶל־קֹ֜רַח וְאֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדָתוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בֹּ֠קֶר וְיֹדַ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וְאֶת־הַקָּד֖וֹשׁ וְהִקְרִ֣יב אֵלָ֑יו וְאֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַר־בּ֖וֹ יַקְרִ֥יב אֵלָֽיו׃ | And he spoke to Korah and to the whole of his company and said, “In the morning, let the Lord make known who are his, and who is holy, and he will bring them near to him. So he will bring near to himself him whom he has chosen for himself. |
2 Tim 2:19.
company ← congregation. him whom: or whoever, so potentially plural in sense, as 2 Tim 2:19. |
| Num 16:6 | זֹ֖את עֲשׂ֑וּ קְחוּ־לָכֶ֣ם מַחְתּ֔וֹת קֹ֖רַח וְכָל־עֲדָתֽוֹ׃ | Do this: take your censers, Korah and all his company, | company ← congregation. |
| Num 16:7 | וּתְנ֣וּ בָהֵ֣ן ׀ אֵ֡שׁ וְשִׂימוּ֩ עֲלֵיהֶ֨ן קְטֹ֜רֶת לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ מָחָ֔ר וְהָיָ֗ה הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא הַקָּד֑וֹשׁ רַב־לָכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃ | and put fire in them, and put incense in them before the Lord tomorrow, and it will come to pass that the man whom the Lord chooses will be the one who is holy. It is too much for you, you sons of Levi.” | it is too much for you, you sons of Levi: perhaps Moses is telling Korah (who was a Levite) and the other Levites with him, who were not authorized to burn incense, that it is they who are taking too much on themselves – more than ↴ |
| Num 16:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־קֹ֑רַח שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃ | Then Moses said to Korah, “Listen, please, you sons of Levi. | ↳ the Lord authorizes. Or perhaps these are Korah's words, interrupting Moses' speech. |
| Num 16:9 | הַמְעַ֣ט מִכֶּ֗ם כִּֽי־הִבְדִּיל֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵעֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַקְרִ֥יב אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָ֑יו לַעֲבֹ֗ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַת֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה וְלַעֲמֹ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לְשָׁרְתָֽם׃ | Is it a small matter to you that the God of Israel has separated you from the congregation of Israel to bring you near to him, to do the work of the Lord's tabernacle, and to stand before the congregation to serve them? | |
| Num 16:10 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֹֽתְךָ֔ וְאֶת־כָּל־אַחֶ֥יךָ בְנֵי־לֵוִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם גַּם־כְּהֻנָּֽה׃ | And he has brought you near, and all your brothers the sons of Levi with you, and yet you seek the priesthood too? | |
| Num 16:11 | לָכֵ֗ן אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־עֲדָ֣תְךָ֔ הַנֹּעָדִ֖ים עַל־יְהוָ֑ה וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן מַה־ה֔וּא כִּ֥י *תלונו **תַלִּ֖ינוּ עָלָֽיו׃ | Therefore, you and all your company which is gathered against the Lord – as regards Aaron, what is he that you should murmur against him?” |
you should murmur: the ketiv and qeré are different stem-formations of the same root verb with the same meaning.
company ← congregation. as regards: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 16:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִקְרֹ֛א לְדָתָ֥ן וְלַאֲבִירָ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיאָ֑ב וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֥א נַעֲלֶֽה׃ | Then Moses sent for Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, but they said, “We will not come up. | sent for ← sent to call. |
| Num 16:13 | הַמְעַ֗ט כִּ֤י הֶֽעֱלִיתָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ לַהֲמִיתֵ֖נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־תִשְׂתָּרֵ֥ר עָלֵ֖ינוּ גַּם־הִשְׂתָּרֵֽר׃ | Is it a small matter that you have brought us up from a land flowing with milk and honey to kill us in the desert? For you have most definitely set yourself up as a ruler over us. | you have most definitely set yourself up as a ruler: infinitive absolute, strengthened by the particle / adverb גַּם, gam. |
| Num 16:14 | אַ֡ף לֹ֣א אֶל־אֶרֶץ֩ זָבַ֨ת חָלָ֤ב וּדְבַשׁ֙ הֲבִ֣יאֹתָ֔נוּ וַתִּ֨תֶּן־לָ֔נוּ נַחֲלַ֖ת שָׂדֶ֣ה וָכָ֑רֶם הַעֵינֵ֞י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵ֛ם תְּנַקֵּ֖ר לֹ֥א נַעֲלֶֽה׃ | But you have not brought us to a land flowing with milk and honey, nor have you given us an inheritance of a field or a vineyard. Will you poke out the eyes of these men? We will not come up.” |
nor: negatory use of the vav, after a preceding negation.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. poke out ← bore, pierce. |
| Num 16:15 | וַיִּ֤חַר לְמֹשֶׁה֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה אַל־תֵּ֖פֶן אֶל־מִנְחָתָ֑ם לֹ֠א חֲמ֨וֹר אֶחָ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ נָשָׂ֔אתִי וְלֹ֥א הֲרֵעֹ֖תִי אֶת־אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃ | Then Moses became very angry, and he said to the Lord, “Do not respect their meal-offering. I have not taken one donkey from them, nor have I harmed a single one of them.” | respect ← turn to. |
| Num 16:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־קֹ֔רַח אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־עֲדָ֣תְךָ֔ הֱי֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אַתָּ֥ה וָהֵ֛ם וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מָחָֽר׃ | And Moses said to Korah, “You and all your company, be present before the Lord, you and they, and Aaron, tomorrow. | company ← congregation. |
| Num 16:17 | וּקְח֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וּנְתַתֶּ֤ם עֲלֵיהֶם֙ קְטֹ֔רֶת וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֞ם לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֔וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתַ֖יִם מַחְתֹּ֑ת וְאַתָּ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן אִ֥ישׁ מַחְתָּתֽוֹ׃ | And let each man take his censer, and you will put incense in them, and let each man bring his censer before the Lord – two hundred and fifty censers – both you and Aaron, each man with his censer.” | |
| Num 16:18 | וַיִּקְח֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם קְטֹ֑רֶת וַֽיַּעַמְד֗וּ פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃ | So each man took his censer, and they put fire in them, and they put incense in them, and they stood at the entrance to the tent of contact, as did Moses and Aaron. | |
| Num 16:19 | וַיַּקְהֵ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם קֹ֙רַח֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ פ | And Korah convened all the company against them, to the entrance to the tent of contact, and the glory of the Lord appeared to the whole congregation. |
company ← congregation.
congregation: perhaps more than Korah's company here. |
| Num 16:20 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said, | |
| Num 16:21 | הִבָּ֣דְל֔וּ מִתּ֖וֹךְ הָעֵדָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את וַאַכַלֶּ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם כְּרָֽגַע׃ | “Be separated from the midst of this company, and I will destroy them in an instant.” |
company ← congregation.
destroy ← make an end of. |
| Num 16:22 | וַיִּפְּל֤וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֕ל אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָרוּחֹ֖ת לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָאִ֤ישׁ אֶחָד֙ יֶחֱטָ֔א וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הָעֵדָ֖ה תִּקְצֹֽף׃ פ | And they fell face down and said, “O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, one man has sinned, and will you be angry with the whole congregation?” | face down ← on their faces. |
| Num 16:23 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 16:24 | דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶל־הָעֵדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵֽעָלוּ֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב לְמִשְׁכַּן־קֹ֖רַח דָּתָ֥ן וַאֲבִירָֽם׃ | “Speak to the congregation and say, ‘Get away from the vicinity of the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan and Abiram.’ ” | get away ← get up. |
| Num 16:25 | וַיָּ֣קָם מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־דָּתָ֣ן וַאֲבִירָ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרָ֖יו זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Moses got up and went to Dathan and Abiram, and the elders of Israel followed him. | |
| Num 16:26 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֶל־הָעֵדָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר ס֣וּרוּ נָ֡א מֵעַל֩ אָהֳלֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָֽרְשָׁעִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאַֽל־תִּגְּע֖וּ בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם פֶּן־תִּסָּפ֖וּ בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתָֽם׃ | And he spoke to the congregation and said, “Please depart from the tents of these wicked men, and do not touch anything that is theirs, in case you are destroyed in all their sins.” |
anything ← everything.
[CB] considers 2 Tim 2:19 possibly to be an allusion to this verse. |
| Num 16:27 | וַיֵּעָל֗וּ מֵעַ֧ל מִשְׁכַּן־קֹ֛רֶח דָּתָ֥ן וַאֲבִירָ֖ם מִסָּבִ֑יב וְדָתָ֨ן וַאֲבִירָ֜ם יָצְא֣וּ נִצָּבִ֗ים פֶּ֚תַח אָֽהֳלֵיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֥ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם וְטַפָּֽם׃ | So they withdrew from the vicinity of the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan and Abiram, while Dathan and Abiram went out and stood at the entrance of their tents with their wives and their sons and their little ones. | withdrew ← were led up / away. |
| Num 16:28 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּזֹאת֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּן כִּֽי־יְהוָ֣ה שְׁלָחַ֔נִי לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּי־לֹ֖א מִלִּבִּֽי׃ | Then Moses said, “By this you will know whether the Lord has sent me to do all these works, for they are not from my heart: | |
| Num 16:29 | אִם־כְּמ֤וֹת כָּל־הָֽאָדָם֙ יְמֻת֣וּן אֵ֔לֶּה וּפְקֻדַּת֙ כָּל־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם יִפָּקֵ֖ד עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה שְׁלָחָֽנִי׃ | if these men die as all men ordinarily die, and death is visited on them as on all men, then the Lord did not send me. | death is visited on them as on all men ← the visitation of all men is visited on them. |
| Num 16:30 | וְאִם־בְּרִיאָ֞ה יִבְרָ֣א יְהוָ֗ה וּפָצְתָ֨ה הָאֲדָמָ֤ה אֶת־פִּ֙יהָ֙ וּבָלְעָ֤ה אֹתָם֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֔ם וְיָרְד֥וּ חַיִּ֖ים שְׁאֹ֑לָה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֧י נִֽאֲצ֛וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | But if the Lord produces something entirely new, and the ground opens its mouth and swallows them up with everything that is theirs, and they go down alive to the grave, then you will know that these men despised the Lord.” |
produces ← creates.
everything: or everyone. despised: as in Num 14:11. |
| Num 16:31 | וַיְהִי֙ כְּכַלֹּת֔וֹ לְדַבֵּ֕ר אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַתִּבָּקַ֥ע הָאֲדָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּחְתֵּיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, as he finished speaking all these words, that the ground under them split apart, | |
| Num 16:32 | וַתִּפְתַּ֤ח הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־פִּ֔יהָ וַתִּבְלַ֥ע אֹתָ֖ם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הָאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְקֹ֔רַח וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָרֲכֽוּשׁ׃ | and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, and their dwellings, and every man who was of Korah's company, and all their property. | |
| Num 16:33 | וַיֵּ֨רְד֜וּ הֵ֣ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָהֶ֛ם חַיִּ֖ים שְׁאֹ֑לָה וַתְּכַ֤ס עֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֹּאבְד֖וּ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הַקָּהָֽל׃ | And they and all those who were of their company went down alive to the grave, and the earth covered them, and they were eliminated from the convocation. | were eliminated from ← perished from among. |
| Num 16:34 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָ֣סוּ לְקֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָֽמְר֔וּ פֶּן־תִּבְלָעֵ֖נוּ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And all of Israel that was round about them fled at their cry, for they said, “Flee so that the earth does not swallow us up.” | |
| Num 16:35 | וְאֵ֥שׁ יָצְאָ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וַתֹּ֗אכַל אֵ֣ת הַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּמָאתַ֙יִם֙ אִ֔ישׁ מַקְרִיבֵ֖י הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ פ | And fire went out from the Lord and consumed the two hundred and fifty men who offered incense. | |
| Num 17:1 Num 16:36AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 17:2 Num 16:37AV |
אֱמֹ֨ר אֶל־אֶלְעָזָ֜ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְיָרֵ֤ם אֶת־הַמַּחְתֹּת֙ מִבֵּ֣ין הַשְּׂרֵפָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאֵ֖שׁ זְרֵה־הָ֑לְאָה כִּ֖י קָדֵֽשׁוּ׃ | “Say to Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest that he should lift out the censers from the blaze and scatter the fire further away, for they have become holy. |
holy: with unusual vocalization, perhaps indicating that the Masoretes regarded it as a euphemism for idolatrous. Compare the noun קָדֵש, idolatrous male prostitute. But see have become holy in the next verse.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 17:3 Num 16:38AV |
אֵ֡ת מַחְתּוֹת֩ הַֽחַטָּאִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה בְּנַפְשֹׁתָ֗ם וְעָשׂ֨וּ אֹתָ֜ם רִקֻּעֵ֤י פַחִים֙ צִפּ֣וּי לַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ כִּֽי־הִקְרִיבֻ֥ם לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּקְדָּ֑שׁוּ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ לְא֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | As for the censers of these sinners against themselves, let them be made into beaten-out plates as an overlay for the altar, for they offered them before the Lord, so they have become holy, and they will serve as a sign to the sons of Israel.” |
themselves ← their souls.
let them be made ← let them make them, impersonal active for passive. serve ← be. |
| Num 17:4 Num 16:39AV |
וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֵ֚ת מַחְתּ֣וֹת הַנְּחֹ֔שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְרִ֖יבוּ הַשְּׂרֻפִ֑ים וַֽיְרַקְּע֖וּם צִפּ֥וּי לַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | So Eleazar the priest took the copper censers with which those who were burnt up had offered, and they beat them into an overlay for the altar, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 17:5 Num 16:40AV |
זִכָּר֞וֹן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְ֠מַעַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יִקְרַ֜ב אִ֣ישׁ זָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א מִזֶּ֤רַע אַהֲרֹן֙ ה֔וּא לְהַקְטִ֥יר קְטֹ֖רֶת לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה כְקֹ֙רַח֙ וְכַ֣עֲדָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | and as a reminder to the sons of Israel that a foreigner who is not of the seed of Aaron must not approach to burn incense before the Lord, and he must not be like Korah and his company, as the Lord had said to him through the intermediacy of Moses. |
company ← congregation.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 17:6 Num 16:41AV |
וַיִּלֹּ֜נוּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת עַל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר אַתֶּ֥ם הֲמִתֶּ֖ם אֶת־עַ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | But the next day the whole congregation of the sons of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron and said, “You are killing the Lord's people.” | |
| Num 17:7 Num 16:42AV |
וַיְהִ֗י בְּהִקָּהֵ֤ל הָֽעֵדָה֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהִנֵּ֥ה כִסָּ֖הוּ הֶעָנָ֑ן וַיֵּרָ֖א כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when the congregation was convened against Moses and against Aaron, that they looked at the tent of contact, and what they saw was that the cloud had covered it and the glory of the Lord had appeared. |
looked at ← turned to.
what they saw was that ← behold. |
| Num 17:8 Num 16:43AV |
וַיָּבֹ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ פ | Then Moses and Aaron went to the front of the tent of contact, | |
| Num 17:9 Num 16:44AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | and the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 17:10 Num 16:45AV |
הֵרֹ֗מּוּ מִתּוֹךְ֙ הָעֵדָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וַאֲכַלֶּ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם כְּרָ֑גַע וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | “Get away from this congregation, and I will consume them in an instant.” And they fell face down. |
get away from ← be lifted from among.
face down ← on their faces. |
| Num 17:11 Num 16:46AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֣ח אֶת־הַ֠מַּחְתָּה וְתֶן־עָלֶ֨יהָ אֵ֜שׁ מֵעַ֤ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ וְשִׂ֣ים קְטֹ֔רֶת וְהוֹלֵ֧ךְ מְהֵרָ֛ה אֶל־הָעֵדָ֖ה וְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יָצָ֥א הַקֶּ֛צֶף מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הֵחֵ֥ל הַנָּֽגֶף׃ | And Moses said to Aaron, “Take the censer and put fire in it from the altar, and put incense in it and go quickly to the congregation and make atonement for them, for anger has gone out from the Lord. An onslaught has begun.” | an onslaught ← the onslaught / striking / plague. |
| Num 17:12 Num 16:47AV |
וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ דִּבֶּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹך הַקָּהָ֔ל וְהִנֵּ֛ה הֵחֵ֥ל הַנֶּ֖גֶף בָּעָ֑ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶֽת־הַקְּטֹ֔רֶת וַיְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־הָעָֽם׃ | So Aaron took it as Moses had said, and he ran to the middle of the convocation, and he saw that the onslaught on the people had begun, and he took the incense, and he atoned for the people. | he saw that ← behold. |
| Num 17:13 Num 16:48AV |
וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד בֵּֽין־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ין הַֽחַיִּ֑ים וַתֵּעָצַ֖ר הַמַּגֵּפָֽה׃ | And he stood between the dead and the living, and the onslaught stopped. | |
| Num 17:14 Num 16:49AV |
וַיִּהְי֗וּ הַמֵּתִים֙ בַּמַּגֵּפָ֔ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁבַ֣ע מֵא֑וֹת מִלְּבַ֥ד הַמֵּתִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַר־קֹֽרַח׃ | And those who died in the onslaught came to fourteen thousand seven hundred, excluding those who died in the incident with Korah. |
came to ← were.
incident with ← incident of. |
| Num 17:15 Num 16:50AV |
וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה נֶעֱצָֽרָה׃ פ | Then Aaron returned to Moses at the entrance of the tent of contact, and the onslaught stopped. | |
| Num 17:16 Num 17:1AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 17:17 Num 17:2AV |
דַּבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְקַ֣ח מֵֽאִתָּ֡ם מַטֶּ֣ה מַטֶּה֩ לְבֵ֨ית אָ֜ב מֵאֵ֤ת כָּל־נְשִֽׂיאֵהֶם֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֔ם שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר מַטּ֑וֹת אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שְׁמ֔וֹ תִּכְתֹּ֖ב עַל־מַטֵּֽהוּ׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel, and take from each of them a rod according to the paternal house, from all their leaders, according to their paternal house – twelve rods – and you will write each one's name on his rod. | from each of them a rod ← from with them a rod a rod. The Hebrew word for rod also means tribe. |
| Num 17:18 Num 17:3AV |
וְאֵת֙ שֵׁ֣ם אַהֲרֹ֔ן תִּכְתֹּ֖ב עַל־מַטֵּ֣ה לֵוִ֑י כִּ֚י מַטֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד לְרֹ֖אשׁ בֵּ֥ית אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ | And you will write the name of Aaron on Levi's rod, for there is one rod for the head of their paternal house. | |
| Num 17:19 Num 17:4AV |
וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖ם בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לִפְנֵי֙ הָֽעֵד֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לָכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And you will deposit them in the tent of contact in front of the testimony, where I will meet with you. | you: plural. |
| Num 17:20 Num 17:5AV |
וְהָיָ֗ה הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶבְחַר־בּ֖וֹ מַטֵּ֣הוּ יִפְרָ֑ח וַהֲשִׁכֹּתִ֣י מֵֽעָלַ֗י אֶת־תְּלֻנּוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם מַלִּינִ֖ם עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And it will come to pass that the rod of the man whom I choose will sprout, and I will put a stop to the murmurings against me of the sons of Israel, which they murmur against you.” |
against me ← from against me.
you: plural. |
| Num 17:21 Num 17:6AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ אֵלָ֣יו ׀ כָּֽל־נְשִֽׂיאֵיהֶ֡ם מַטֶּה֩ לְנָשִׂ֨יא אֶחָ֜ד מַטֶּ֨ה לְנָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֔ם שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר מַטּ֑וֹת וּמַטֵּ֥ה אַהֲרֹ֖ן בְּת֥וֹךְ מַטּוֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, and each of their leaders gave him a rod – for each leader, a rod for that leader – according to their paternal house, twelve rods, and Aaron's rod was among their rods. |
each ← all.
each leader ... that leader ← one leader ... one leader. |
| Num 17:22 Num 17:7AV |
וַיַּנַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַמַּטֹּ֖ת לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּאֹ֖הֶל הָעֵדֻֽת׃ | And Moses deposited the rods before the Lord at the tent of the testimony. | |
| Num 17:23 Num 17:8AV |
וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיָּבֹ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל הָעֵד֔וּת וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּרַ֥ח מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לְבֵ֣ית לֵוִ֑י וַיֹּ֤צֵֽא פֶ֙רַח֙ וַיָּ֣צֵֽץ צִ֔יץ וַיִּגְמֹ֖ל שְׁקֵדִֽים׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that Moses went to the tent of the testimony, and what he saw was that Aaron's rod had sprouted, for the house of Levi, and it had produced a sprout, and it had blossomed with a flower, and it had yielded almonds. |
what he saw was that ← behold.
yielded ← ripened. |
| Num 17:24 Num 17:9AV |
וַיֹּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּטֹּת֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּרְא֥וּ וַיִּקְח֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מַטֵּֽהוּ׃ ס | And Moses brought out all the rods from before the Lord to all the sons of Israel, and they each saw and took their own rod. | their ← his, but the verbs saw and took are plural. |
| Num 17:25 Num 17:10AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָשֵׁ֞ב אֶת־מַטֵּ֤ה אַהֲרֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָעֵד֔וּת לְמִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת לְא֖וֹת לִבְנֵי־מֶ֑רִי וּתְכַ֧ל תְּלוּנֹּתָ֛ם מֵעָלַ֖י וְלֹ֥א יָמֻֽתוּ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Bring Aaron's rod back before the testimony, as a retained item, as a sign about the rebels. And you will put an end to their murmurings against me so that they do not die.” |
rebels ← sons of rebellion.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 17:26 Num 17:11AV |
וַיַּ֖עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹת֖וֹ כֵּ֥ן עָשָֽׂה׃ ס | And Moses did it. As the Lord commanded him, so he acted. | |
| Num 17:27 Num 17:12AV |
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵ֥ן גָּוַ֛עְנוּ אָבַ֖דְנוּ כֻּלָּ֥נוּ אָבָֽדְנוּ׃ | And the sons of Israel spoke to Moses, and they said, “Look, we are expiring, we are perishing, we are all perishing. | |
| Num 17:28 Num 17:13AV |
כֹּ֣ל הַקָּרֵ֧ב ׀ הַקָּרֵ֛ב אֶל־מִשְׁכַּ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה יָמ֑וּת הַאִ֥ם תַּ֖מְנוּ לִגְוֺֽעַ׃ ס | Anyone who approaches – who approaches the tabernacle of the Lord – will die. Will we ever cease from expiring?” |
anyone ← everyone.
cease from: AV differs (be consumed with), also possible. |
| Num 18:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן אַתָּ֗ה וּבָנֶ֤יךָ וּבֵית־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִתָּ֔ךְ תִּשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הַמִּקְדָּ֑שׁ וְאַתָּה֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִתָּ֔ךְ תִּשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־עֲוֺ֥ן כְּהֻנַּתְכֶֽם׃ | Then the Lord said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your paternal house with you will bear the iniquity of the sanctuary, and you and your sons with you will bear the iniquity of your priesthood. | |
| Num 18:2 | וְגַ֣ם אֶת־אַחֶיךָ֩ מַטֵּ֨ה לֵוִ֜י שֵׁ֤בֶט אָבִ֙יךָ֙ הַקְרֵ֣ב אִתָּ֔ךְ וְיִלָּו֥וּ עָלֶ֖יךָ וִֽישָׁרְת֑וּךָ וְאַתָּה֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִתָּ֔ךְ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל הָעֵדֻֽת׃ | And bring your brothers up also, the tribe of Levi, your father's stock, with you, and they will join with you and serve you, as you and your sons with you serve before the tent of the testimony. |
bring ... up ← bring near.
as: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 18:3 | וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ מִֽשְׁמַרְתְּךָ֔ וּמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת כָּל־הָאֹ֑הֶל אַךְ֩ אֶל־כְּלֵ֨י הַקֹּ֤דֶשׁ וְאֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לֹ֣א יִקְרָ֔בוּ וְלֹֽא־יָמֻ֥תוּ גַם־הֵ֖ם גַּם־אַתֶּֽם׃ | And they will discharge the duties you give them, and the duties of the whole tent, but they will not approach the holy equipment or the altar, so that neither they nor you die. |
the duties you give them ← your charge, a subjective genitive.
holy equipment: or equipment of the holy (place). so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 18:4 | וְנִלְו֣וּ עָלֶ֔יךָ וְשָֽׁמְר֗וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד לְכֹ֖ל עֲבֹדַ֣ת הָאֹ֑הֶל וְזָ֖ר לֹא־יִקְרַ֥ב אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | So they will join with you and discharge the duties of the tent of contact, in respect of all the work of the tent, and no foreigner will approach you. | |
| Num 18:5 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֵ֖ת מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה ע֛וֹד קֶ֖צֶף עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will discharge the duties of the holy place, and the duties of the altar, so that there will not be anger any more at the sons of Israel. | |
| Num 18:6 | וַאֲנִ֗י הִנֵּ֤ה לָקַ֙חְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִתּ֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָכֶ֞ם מַתָּנָ֤ה נְתֻנִים֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לַעֲבֹ֕ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And as for me, look, I have taken your brothers the Levites from among the sons of Israel. They are for you a gift given to the Lord to do the work of the tent of contact. | a gift given to the Lord: perhaps a gift given by the Lord, as the preposition לְ, le, can be the agent of the passive (Ezek 14:3, Ezek 20:3). |
| Num 18:7 | וְאַתָּ֣ה וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִ֠תְּךָ תִּשְׁמְר֨וּ אֶת־כְּהֻנַּתְכֶ֜ם לְכָל־דְּבַ֧ר הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ וּלְמִבֵּ֥ית לַפָּרֹ֖כֶת וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֑ם עֲבֹדַ֣ת מַתָּנָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ אֶת־כְּהֻנַּתְכֶ֔ם וְהַזָּ֥ר הַקָּרֵ֖ב יוּמָֽת׃ ס | And you and your sons with you will keep your priesthood in every matter of the altar and of the inside of the veil, and you will perform it. I am giving you the work – your priesthood – as a gift. And any foreigner who approaches will be put to death.” | I am giving you the work – your priesthood – as a gift ← I am giving your priesthood (as) a work of a gift. |
| Num 18:8 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ וַאֲנִי֙ הִנֵּ֣ה נָתַ֣תִּֽי לְךָ֔ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת תְּרוּמֹתָ֑י לְכָל־קָדְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְךָ֨ נְתַתִּ֧ים לְמָשְׁחָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ לְחָק־עוֹלָֽם׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Aaron and said, “And for my part look, I have given you the duties of my heave-offerings. Regarding all the holy matters of the sons of Israel, I have given them as an anointing to you and your sons, as an age-abiding statute. | for my part: an emphatic I. |
| Num 18:9 | זֶֽה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ מִקֹּ֥דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים מִן־הָאֵ֑שׁ כָּל־קָ֠רְבָּנָם לְֽכָל־מִנְחָתָ֞ם וּלְכָל־חַטָּאתָ֗ם וּלְכָל־אֲשָׁמָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָשִׁ֣יבוּ לִ֔י קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים לְךָ֛ ה֖וּא וּלְבָנֶֽיךָ׃ | This is what will be yours from the holy of holies, from fire: every oblation of theirs, whether every meal-offering of theirs, or every sin-offering of theirs, or every guilt-offering of theirs which they render to me. It is a matter of the holy of holies to you and to your sons. | |
| Num 18:10 | בְּקֹ֥דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים תֹּאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ כָּל־זָכָר֙ יֹאכַ֣ל אֹת֔וֹ קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּֽךְ׃ | In the holy of holies you will eat it. Every male will eat it. It will be holy to you. | holy of holies: this can hardly be inside the veil, but we translate as the Hebrew stands. |
| Num 18:11 | וְזֶה־לְּךָ֞ תְּרוּמַ֣ת מַתָּנָ֗ם לְכָל־תְּנוּפֹת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ לְךָ֣ נְתַתִּ֗ים וּלְבָנֶ֧יךָ וְלִבְנֹתֶ֛יךָ אִתְּךָ֖ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֑ם כָּל־טָה֥וֹר בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ יֹאכַ֥ל אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And this is yours: the heave-offering of their gift with all the wave-offerings of the sons of Israel. I have given them to you and to your sons and your daughters with you, as an age-abiding statute. Everyone who is clean in your house will eat it. | |
| Num 18:12 | כֹּ֚ל חֵ֣לֶב יִצְהָ֔ר וְכָל־חֵ֖לֶב תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְדָגָ֑ן רֵאשִׁיתָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־יִתְּנ֥וּ לַֽיהוָ֖ה לְךָ֥ נְתַתִּֽים׃ | All the best of the new oil, and all the best of the new wine and corn – the firstfruits of them which they give to the Lord – I have given to you. | the best (2x) ← the fat. |
| Num 18:13 | בִּכּוּרֵ֞י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּאַרְצָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־יָבִ֥יאוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְךָ֣ יִהְיֶ֑ה כָּל־טָה֥וֹר בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ יֹאכֲלֶֽנּוּ׃ | The firstfruits of everything in their land which they bring to the Lord will be yours. Every clean person in your house will eat it. |
their land: AV differs (the land).
yours: singular. |
| Num 18:14 | כָּל־חֵ֥רֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְךָ֥ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And every dedicated thing in Israel will be yours. | |
| Num 18:15 | כָּל־פֶּ֣טֶר רֶ֠חֶם לְֽכָל־בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֧יבוּ לַֽיהוָ֛ה בָּאָדָ֥ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑ךְ אַ֣ךְ ׀ פָּדֹ֣ה תִפְדֶּ֗ה אֵ֚ת בְּכ֣וֹר הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְאֵ֛ת בְּכֽוֹר־הַבְּהֵמָ֥ה הַטְּמֵאָ֖ה תִּפְדֶּֽה׃ | Everything that opens the womb of all flesh which they offer to the Lord, whether of men or cattle, will be yours, but you will most definitely redeem the firstborn of man, and you will redeem the firstborn of unclean cattle. | most definitely redeem: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 18:16 | וּפְדוּיָו֙ מִבֶּן־חֹ֣דֶשׁ תִּפְדֶּ֔ה בְּעֶ֨רְכְּךָ֔ כֶּ֛סֶף חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And you will redeem those from one month old who are to be redeemed to him according to your valuation – money to the value of five shekels according to the holy shekel: it is twenty gerahs. | who are to be redeemed to him ← his redeemed. Gerundive (to be distinguished from gerundial) use of the passive participle, “needing to be ...”. AV differs, lacking to him. |
| Num 18:17 | אַ֣ךְ בְּֽכוֹר־שׁ֡וֹר אֽוֹ־בְכ֨וֹר כֶּ֜שֶׂב אֽוֹ־בְכ֥וֹר עֵ֛ז לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֑ם אֶת־דָּמָ֞ם תִּזְרֹ֤ק עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֣ם תַּקְטִ֔יר אִשֶּׁ֛ה לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | But you will not redeem the firstborn ox or the firstborn lamb or the firstborn goat – they are holy. You will sprinkle their blood on the altar, and you will burn their fat as a fire-offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. | holy ← holiness. |
| Num 18:18 | וּבְשָׂרָ֖ם יִהְיֶה־לָּ֑ךְ כַּחֲזֵ֧ה הַתְּנוּפָ֛ה וּכְשׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִ֖ין לְךָ֥ יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And their meat will be yours. Just like the breast of the wave-offering and the right leg, it will be yours. |
yours (2x): singular.
right leg: see Lev 7:32. |
| Num 18:19 | כֹּ֣ל ׀ תְּרוּמֹ֣ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥ימוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לַֽיהוָה֒ נָתַ֣תִּֽי לְךָ֗ וּלְבָנֶ֧יךָ וְלִבְנֹתֶ֛יךָ אִתְּךָ֖ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֑ם בְּרִית֩ מֶ֨לַח עוֹלָ֥ם הִוא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְךָ֖ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אִתָּֽךְ׃ | All heave-offerings of holy things which the sons of Israel heave to the Lord I have given you and your sons and your daughters with you, as an age-abiding statute. It is an age-abiding covenant of salt before the Lord for you and your seed with you.” | |
| Num 18:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן בְּאַרְצָם֙ לֹ֣א תִנְחָ֔ל וְחֵ֕לֶק לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ בְּתוֹכָ֑ם אֲנִ֤י חֶלְקְךָ֙ וְנַחֲלָ֣תְךָ֔ בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Then the Lord said to Aaron, “You will not have an inheritance in their land, and you will have no portion in their midst – I am your portion and your inheritance among the sons of Israel. | |
| Num 18:21 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י הִנֵּ֥ה נָתַ֛תִּי כָּל־מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְנַחֲלָ֑ה חֵ֤לֶף עֲבֹֽדָתָם֙ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם עֹֽבְדִ֔ים אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And look, I have given every tithe in Israel to the sons of Levi as an inheritance, in exchange for their work which they do – the work of the tent of contact. | |
| Num 18:22 | וְלֹא־יִקְרְב֥וּ ע֛וֹד בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לָשֵׂ֥את חֵ֖טְא לָמֽוּת׃ | And the sons of Israel will no longer approach the tent of contact, which would mean that they would bear mortal sin. |
no longer: unlike the situation in Ex 33:7.
would bear mortal sin ← to bear sin to die. |
| Num 18:23 | וְעָבַ֨ד הַלֵּוִ֜י ה֗וּא אֶת־עֲבֹדַת֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהֵ֖ם יִשְׂא֣וּ עֲוֺנָ֑ם חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּבְתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א יִנְחֲל֖וּ נַחֲלָֽה׃ | And the Levites will do the work of the tent of contact, and they will bear their iniquity. It is an age-abiding statute for their generations, but they will not inherit any inheritance among the sons of Israel. | Levites ← Levite, with a singular verb. |
| Num 18:24 | כִּ֞י אֶת־מַעְשַׂ֣ר בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֤ימוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ תְּרוּמָ֔ה נָתַ֥תִּי לַלְוִיִּ֖ם לְנַחֲלָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי לָהֶ֔ם בְּתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א יִנְחֲל֖וּ נַחֲלָֽה׃ פ | For I have given the tithe of the sons of Israel which they heave to the Lord as a heave-offering to the Levites as an inheritance, which is why I have said to them, ‘They will not have an inheritance among the sons of Israel.’ ” | have an inheritance ← inherit an inheritance. |
| Num 18:25 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 18:26 | וְאֶל־הַלְוִיִּ֣ם תְּדַבֵּר֮ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶם֒ כִּֽי־תִ֠קְחוּ מֵאֵ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תִּי לָכֶ֛ם מֵאִתָּ֖ם בְּנַחֲלַתְכֶ֑ם וַהֲרֵמֹתֶ֤ם מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ר מִן־הַֽמַּעֲשֵֽׂר׃ | “And you will speak to the Levites and say to them, ‘When you receive from the sons of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them as your inheritance, you will heave a heave-offering to the Lord from it, a tithe of a tithe. | heave-offering to ← heave-offering of. |
| Num 18:27 | וְנֶחְשַׁ֥ב לָכֶ֖ם תְּרוּמַתְכֶ֑ם כַּדָּגָן֙ מִן־הַגֹּ֔רֶן וְכַֽמְלֵאָ֖ה מִן־הַיָּֽקֶב׃ | And it will be counted for you as your heave-offering, as grain from the threshing floor and as the fulness of the wine vat. | |
| Num 18:28 | כֵּ֣ן תָּרִ֤ימוּ גַם־אַתֶּם֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ מַעְשְׂרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקְח֔וּ מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּנְתַתֶּ֤ם מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | So you too will offer the Lord's heave-offering from all your tithes which you receive from the sons of Israel, and you will give from it the Lord's heave-offering to Aaron the priest. | |
| Num 18:29 | מִכֹּל֙ מַתְּנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תָּרִ֕ימוּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה מִכָּל־חֶלְבּ֔וֹ אֶֽת־מִקְדְּשׁ֖וֹ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | You will offer all the Lord's heave-offering from all your gifts, from all the best of it – the sacred part of it. |
best ← fat.
the sacred part of it ← its sanctuary from it. |
| Num 18:30 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם בַּהֲרִֽימְכֶ֤ם אֶת־חֶלְבּוֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנֶחְשַׁב֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם כִּתְבוּאַ֥ת גֹּ֖רֶן וְכִתְבוּאַ֥ת יָֽקֶב׃ | And you will say to them, «When you offer the best part of it, it will be counted for the Levites as the produce of the threshing floor and as the produce of the wine vat. | the best part of it ← its fat from it. |
| Num 18:31 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בְּכָל־מָק֔וֹם אַתֶּ֖ם וּבֵֽיתְכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־שָׂכָ֥ר הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם חֵ֥לֶף עֲבֹֽדַתְכֶ֖ם בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And you will eat it in every place, you and your household, for it is your wages in exchange for your work in the tent of contact. | |
| Num 18:32 | וְלֹֽא־תִשְׂא֤וּ עָלָיו֙ חֵ֔טְא בַּהֲרִֽימְכֶ֥ם אֶת־חֶלְבּ֖וֹ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֧י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לֹ֥א תְחַלְּל֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תָמֽוּתוּ׃ פ | And you will bear no sin on account of it, when you heave up the best part of it, and you will not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel, so that you do not die.» ’ ” | the best part of it ← its fat from it. |
| Num 19:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said, | |
| Num 19:2 | זֹ֚את חֻקַּ֣ת הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר דַּבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְיִקְח֣וּ אֵלֶיךָ֩ פָרָ֨ה אֲדֻמָּ֜ה תְּמִימָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵֽין־בָּהּ֙ מ֔וּם אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָלָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ עֹֽל׃ | “This is the statute of the law which the Lord has commanded, saying, ‘Tell the sons of Israel to bring to you a perfect red heifer, which has no blemish, on which no yoke has gone, | bring ← take. |
| Num 19:3 | וּנְתַתֶּ֣ם אֹתָ֔הּ אֶל־אֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֹתָ֖הּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | and you will give it to Eleazar the priest, and he will bring it outside the camp, and he will have it slaughtered in his presence. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
have it slaughtered ← slaughter it. For the causative sense, compare Ex 32:4, Ex 32:35. |
| Num 19:4 | וְלָקַ֞ח אֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מִדָּמָ֖הּ בְּאֶצְבָּע֑וֹ וְהִזָּ֞ה אֶל־נֹ֨כַח פְּנֵ֧י אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֛ד מִדָּמָ֖הּ שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And Eleazar the priest will take some of its blood on his finger, and he will sprinkle some of its blood straight in front of the tent of contact seven times. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 19:5 | וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֶת־הַפָּרָ֖ה לְעֵינָ֑יו אֶת־עֹרָ֤הּ וְאֶת־בְּשָׂרָהּ֙ וְאֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ עַל־פִּרְשָׁ֖הּ יִשְׂרֹֽף׃ | And he will burn the heifer before his eyes – its skin and its flesh – and he will burn its blood with its dung. | |
| Num 19:6 | וְלָקַ֣ח הַכֹּהֵ֗ן עֵ֥ץ אֶ֛רֶז וְאֵז֖וֹב וּשְׁנִ֣י תוֹלָ֑עַת וְהִשְׁלִ֕יךְ אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ שְׂרֵפַ֥ת הַפָּרָֽה׃ | And the priest will take cedar wood and hyssop, and scarlet material, and he will throw them into the middle of the conflagration of the heifer. | |
| Num 19:7 | וְכִבֶּ֨ס בְּגָדָ֜יו הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְרָחַ֤ץ בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ בַּמַּ֔יִם וְאַחַ֖ר יָב֣וֹא אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְטָמֵ֥א הַכֹּהֵ֖ן עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | Then the priest will wash his clothes, and he will wash his body with water, and after that he will go to the camp, and the priest will be unclean until the evening. |
will wash: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence.
body ← flesh. |
| Num 19:8 | וְהַשֹּׂרֵ֣ף אֹתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֤ס בְּגָדָיו֙ בַּמַּ֔יִם וְרָחַ֥ץ בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְטָמֵ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | So he who burns it will wash his clothes in water, and he will wash his body with water, and he will be unclean until the evening. |
will wash: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
body ← flesh. |
| Num 19:9 | וְאָסַ֣ף ׀ אִ֣ישׁ טָה֗וֹר אֵ֚ת אֵ֣פֶר הַפָּרָ֔ה וְהִנִּ֛יחַ מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה בְּמָק֣וֹם טָה֑וֹר וְ֠הָיְתָה לַעֲדַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל לְמִשְׁמֶ֛רֶת לְמֵ֥י נִדָּ֖ה חַטָּ֥את הִֽוא׃ | And a man who is clean will collect the ashes of the heifer, and he will deposit them outside the camp in a clean place, and it will be a thing kept for the congregation of the sons of Israel, for water of impurity. It is a sin-offering. |
it will be: feminine, discordant with ashes, so perhaps generalising, referring the rite as such.
impurity: the word is used of menstrual impurity. |
| Num 19:10 | וְ֠כִבֶּס הָאֹסֵ֨ף אֶת־אֵ֤פֶר הַפָּרָה֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְטָמֵ֖א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּ֛ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכָ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | Then he who has collected the ashes of the heifer will wash his clothes, and he will be unclean until the evening, and it will be an age-abiding statute for the sons of Israel and for the foreigner who is temporarily resident in their midst. | |
| Num 19:11 | הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּמֵ֖ת לְכָל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֑ם וְטָמֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | He who touches the dead body of any person will be unclean for seven days. |
any ← every.
person ← soul of a man. |
| Num 19:12 | ה֣וּא יִתְחַטָּא־ב֞וֹ בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י יִטְהָ֑ר וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִתְחַטָּ֜א בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י לֹ֥א יִטְהָֽר׃ | He will have himself propitiated by it on the third day, and on the seventh day he will be clean, but if he does not have himself propitiated on the third day, then on the seventh day he will not be clean. | by it: presumably by the water of impurity, irregularly singular (water is plural in Hebrew), but also irregularly with a singular verb in Num 19:13 and Num 19:20 (sprinkled). |
| Num 19:13 | כָּֽל־הַנֹּגֵ֡עַ בְּמֵ֣ת בְּנֶפֶשׁ֩ הָאָדָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֜וּת וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֗א אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ טִמֵּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּי֩ מֵ֨י נִדָּ֜ה לֹא־זֹרַ֤ק עָלָיו֙ טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה ע֖וֹד טֻמְאָת֥וֹ בֽוֹ׃ | Everyone who touches the dead body of a man who has died and does not have himself propitiated defiles the Lord's tabernacle, and that person will be cut off from Israel, for the water of impurity has not been sprinkled on him. He will be unclean – his uncleanness will still be on him. |
body ← soul.
person ← soul. impurity: see Num 19:9. |
| Num 19:14 | זֹ֚את הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אָדָ֖ם כִּֽי־יָמ֣וּת בְּאֹ֑הֶל כָּל־הַבָּ֤א אֶל־הָאֹ֙הֶל֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּאֹ֔הֶל יִטְמָ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | This is the law: if a man dies in a tent, everyone who comes into the tent and everyone who is in the tent will be unclean for seven days. | |
| Num 19:15 | וְכֹל֙ כְּלִ֣י פָת֔וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֵין־צָמִ֥יד פָּתִ֖יל עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא׃ | And every vessel that is open, which does not have a lid screwed on to it, is unclean. | lid screwed ← lid of twisting, in a simple way, with locking lugs. AV differs (covering bound), also possible. |
| Num 19:16 | וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֜ע עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּֽחֲלַל־חֶ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בְמֵ֔ת אֽוֹ־בְעֶ֥צֶם אָדָ֖ם א֣וֹ בְקָ֑בֶר יִטְמָ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And anyone in an open field who touches anyone fallen by the sword or dead or a man's bone or a grave will be unclean for seven days. |
anyone ← everyone.
fallen ← wounded, killed or profaned. |
| Num 19:17 | וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ לַטָּמֵ֔א מֵעֲפַ֖ר שְׂרֵפַ֣ת הַֽחַטָּ֑את וְנָתַ֥ן עָלָ֛יו מַ֥יִם חַיִּ֖ים אֶל־כֶּֽלִי׃ | And they will take for him who is unclean some dust from the burnt sin-offering, and he will put running water on it in a vessel, |
some dust from ← from the dust of.
burnt sin-offering ← burning of the sin-offering. running ← living. |
| Num 19:18 | וְלָקַ֨ח אֵז֜וֹב וְטָבַ֣ל בַּמַּיִם֮ אִ֣ישׁ טָהוֹר֒ וְהִזָּ֤ה עַל־הָאֹ֙הֶל֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְעַל־הַנְּפָשׁ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָֽיוּ־שָׁ֑ם וְעַל־הַנֹּגֵ֗עַ בַּעֶ֙צֶם֙ א֣וֹ בֶֽחָלָ֔ל א֥וֹ בַמֵּ֖ת א֥וֹ בַקָּֽבֶר׃ | and a clean man will take hyssop and dip it in the water and sprinkle it on the tent and on all the furnishings and on the people who were there, and on him who touched the bone or the fallen man or the dead or the grave. |
furnishings ← vessels, or equipment.
people ← souls. |
| Num 19:19 | וְהִזָּ֤ה הַטָּהֹר֙ עַל־הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְחִטְּאוֹ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָהֵ֥ר בָּעָֽרֶב׃ | And he who is clean will sprinkle it on him who is unclean, on the third day and on the seventh day, and he will expiate him on the seventh day, and he will wash his clothes and wash himself in water, and he will be clean in the evening. | expiate him: AV differs (purify himself). But the verb is piel, transitive, not hithpael, reflexive. |
| Num 19:20 | וְאִ֤ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִטְמָא֙ וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַקָּהָ֑ל כִּי֩ אֶת־מִקְדַּ֨שׁ יְהוָ֜ה טִמֵּ֗א מֵ֥י נִדָּ֛ה לֹא־זֹרַ֥ק עָלָ֖יו טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | And as for any man who becomes unclean but does not have himself propitiated, that person will be cut off from the midst of the convocation, for he has defiled the Lord's sanctuary. The water of impurity was not sprinkled on him; he is unclean. |
person ← soul.
impurity: see Num 19:9. |
| Num 19:21 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָּהֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּמַזֵּ֤ה מֵֽי־הַנִּדָּה֙ יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְהַנֹּגֵ֙עַ֙ בְּמֵ֣י הַנִּדָּ֔ה יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And it will be an age-abiding statute to them, and he who sprinkles the water of impurity will wash his clothes, and he who touches the water of impurity will be unclean until the evening. | impurity (2x): see Num 19:9. |
| Num 19:22 | וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע־בּ֥וֹ הַטָּמֵ֖א יִטְמָ֑א וְהַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַנֹּגַ֖עַת תִּטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ פ | And anyone whom he who is unclean touches will become unclean, and any person who touches him will become unclean until the evening.’ ” |
anyone ← everyone.
person ← soul. |
| Num 20:1 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל כָּל־הָ֨עֵדָ֤ה מִדְבַּר־צִן֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב הָעָ֖ם בְּקָדֵ֑שׁ וַתָּ֤מָת שָׁם֙ מִרְיָ֔ם וַתִּקָּבֵ֖ר שָֽׁם׃ | And the sons of Israel – the whole congregation – came to the Desert of Zin in the first month, and the people stayed in Kadesh, and Miriam died there and was buried there. | |
| Num 20:2 | וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה מַ֖יִם לָעֵדָ֑ה וַיִּקָּ֣הֲל֔וּ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃ | And there was no water for the congregation, and they convened together against Moses and against Aaron. | |
| Num 20:3 | וַיָּ֥רֶב הָעָ֖ם עִם־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֵאמֹ֔ר וְל֥וּ גָוַ֛עְנוּ בִּגְוַ֥ע אַחֵ֖ינוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the people contended with Moses and spoke and said, “If only we had expired when our brothers expired before the Lord. | |
| Num 20:4 | וְלָמָ֤ה הֲבֵאתֶם֙ אֶת־קְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה לָמ֣וּת שָׁ֔ם אֲנַ֖חְנוּ וּבְעִירֵֽנוּ׃ | Now why have you brought the Lord's convocation to this desert to die here – us and our cattle? |
you: plural.
here ← there. |
| Num 20:5 | וְלָמָ֤ה הֶֽעֱלִיתֻ֙נוּ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לְהָבִ֣יא אֹתָ֔נוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה לֹ֣א ׀ מְק֣וֹם זֶ֗רַע וּתְאֵנָ֤ה וְגֶ֙פֶן֙ וְרִמּ֔וֹן וּמַ֥יִם אַ֖יִן לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | And why have you brought us up from Egypt to bring us to this bad place? There is no place with seed or figs or vine or pomegranates, and there is no water to drink.” | you: plural. |
| Num 20:6 | וַיָּבֹא֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן מִפְּנֵ֣י הַקָּהָ֗ל אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | Then Moses and Aaron went from the convocation to the entrance to the tent of contact, and they fell face down, and the glory of the Lord appeared to them. |
from ← from before.
face down ← on their faces. |
| Num 20:7 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 20:8 | קַ֣ח אֶת־הַמַּטֶּ֗ה וְהַקְהֵ֤ל אֶת־הָעֵדָה֙ אַתָּה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן אָחִ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתֶּ֧ם אֶל־הַסֶּ֛לַע לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְנָתַ֣ן מֵימָ֑יו וְהוֹצֵאתָ֨ לָהֶ֥ם מַ֙יִם֙ מִן־הַסֶּ֔לַע וְהִשְׁקִיתָ֥ אֶת־הָעֵדָ֖ה וְאֶת־בְּעִירָֽם׃ | “Take the rod and convene the congregation, you and Aaron your brother, and speak to the rock before their eyes, and it will yield its water, and you will extract water from the rock for them, and you will give the congregation drink, and their cattle.” | |
| Num 20:9 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַמַּטֶּ֖ה מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּֽהוּ׃ | So Moses took the rod from its place before the Lord as he had commanded him. | |
| Num 20:10 | וַיַּקְהִ֜לוּ מֹשֶׁ֧ה וְאַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַקָּהָ֖ל אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַסָּ֑לַע וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ הַמֹּרִ֔ים הֲמִן־הַסֶּ֣לַע הַזֶּ֔ה נוֹצִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם מָֽיִם׃ | And Moses and Aaron convened the convocation in front of the rock, and he said to them, “Hear please, you rebels. Can we extract water from this rock for you?” | in front of the rock ← to in front of the rock. |
| Num 20:11 | וַיָּ֨רֶם מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־יָד֗וֹ וַיַּ֧ךְ אֶת־הַסֶּ֛לַע בְּמַטֵּ֖הוּ פַּעֲמָ֑יִם וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים וַתֵּ֥שְׁתְּ הָעֵדָ֖ה וּבְעִירָֽם׃ ס | Then Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with the rod twice, whereupon much water came out, and the congregation and their cattle drank. | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Num 20:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ יַ֚עַן לֹא־הֶאֱמַנְתֶּ֣ם בִּ֔י לְהַ֨קְדִּישֵׁ֔נִי לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָכֵ֗ן לֹ֤א תָבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָהֶֽם׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not believe me, by sanctifying me in the eyes of the sons of Israel, you will not bring this convocation into the land which I have given them.” | by sanctifying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 20:13 | הֵ֚מָּה מֵ֣י מְרִיבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־רָב֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּקָּדֵ֖שׁ בָּֽם׃ ס | This is the water of Meribah because the sons of Israel contended with the Lord, and he was sanctified by it. |
Meribah: contention.
by it: referring to the water. Alternatively translate through them (the sons of Israel). AV differs, following the alternative, in them. |
| Num 20:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֧ה מַלְאָכִ֛ים מִקָּדֵ֖שׁ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֑וֹם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אָחִ֣יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְצָאָֽתְנוּ׃ | Then Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, saying, “This is what your brother Israel says: ‘You know all the trouble which has come our way, |
this is what ← thus.
the trouble which has come our way ← the trouble which has found us, so the trouble which we have encountered. N.B. for trouble, [CB]'s Bible text= travel for AV's ↴ |
| Num 20:15 | וַיֵּרְד֤וּ אֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וַנֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וַיָּרֵ֥עוּ לָ֛נוּ מִצְרַ֖יִם וְלַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | how our fathers went down to Egypt and how we dwelt in Egypt for many days, and how Egypt afflicted us and our fathers, |
↳ travail, from trauaile in the 1611 edition.
how ... and how ← and ... and. Wider use of the vav, but the English idiom is not a relative conjunction of manner here. |
| Num 20:16 | וַנִּצְעַ֤ק אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע קֹלֵ֔נוּ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָ֔ךְ וַיֹּצִאֵ֖נוּ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וְהִנֵּה֙ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ בְקָדֵ֔שׁ עִ֖יר קְצֵ֥ה גְבוּלֶֽךָ׃ | and how we cried out to the Lord and how he heeded us and sent an angel and led us out of Egypt, and so here we are in Kadesh, a town at the end of your territory. |
and how (2x): see previous verse.
he heeded us ← he heard our voice. here we are ← behold us. territory ← border. |
| Num 20:17 | נַעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ לֹ֤א נַעֲבֹר֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה וּבְכֶ֔רֶם וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁתֶּ֖ה מֵ֣י בְאֵ֑ר דֶּ֧רֶךְ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ נֵלֵ֗ךְ לֹ֤א נִטֶּה֙ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֔אול עַ֥ד אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲבֹ֖ר גְּבוּלֶֽךָ׃ | Please let us cross your country. We will not cross by fields or by vineyards, and we will not drink the water of the wells. We will take the royal route and we will not deviate to the right or to the left until we have crossed your territory.’ ” |
wells ← well.
territory ← border. |
| Num 20:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֱד֔וֹם לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר בִּ֑י פֶּן־בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֵצֵ֥א לִקְרָאתֶֽךָ׃ | But Edom said to him, “You may not cross my country, otherwise I will come out against you with the sword.” | cross my country ← cross by / through me. |
| Num 20:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֥יו בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל בַּֽמְסִלָּ֣ה נַעֲלֶה֒ וְאִם־מֵימֶ֤יךָ נִשְׁתֶּה֙ אֲנִ֣י וּמִקְנַ֔י וְנָתַתִּ֖י מִכְרָ֑ם רַ֥ק אֵין־דָּבָ֖ר בְּרַגְלַ֥י אֶֽעֱבֹֽרָה׃ | Then the sons of Israel said to him, “We will go up by the highway, and if we drink your water – I or my cattle – then I will pay the price of it, but there is no alternative: I will cross on foot.” |
there is no alternative ← just there (is) no thing / word (else). AV differs (without doing any thing else). [CB] proposes without (saying) a word.
on foot ← by my feet. |
| Num 20:20 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֑ר וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֱדוֹם֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ בְּעַ֥ם כָּבֵ֖ד וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃ | Then he said, “You may not cross.” And Edom came out against him with a considerable number of people and with a strong hand. | considerable ← weighty. |
| Num 20:21 | וַיְמָאֵ֣ן ׀ אֱד֗וֹם נְתֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֲבֹ֖ר בִּגְבֻל֑וֹ וַיֵּ֥ט יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָלָֽיו׃ פ | And Edom refused to give Israel passage through his territory, and Israel turned away from it. |
territory ← border.
from it: AV differs (from him), also possible. |
| Num 20:22 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקָּדֵ֑שׁ וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כָּל־הָעֵדָ֖ה הֹ֥ר הָהָֽר׃ | So they moved on from Kadesh, and the sons of Israel – the whole congregation – came to Mount Hor. | |
| Num 20:23 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֑ר עַל־גְּב֥וּל אֶֽרֶץ־אֱד֖וֹם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron at Mount Hor at the border of the land of Edom and said, | |
| Num 20:24 | יֵאָסֵ֤ף אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־עַמָּ֔יו כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָבֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־מְרִיתֶ֥ם אֶת־פִּ֖י לְמֵ֥י מְרִיבָֽה׃ | “Aaron will be gathered to his people, for he will not go into the land which I have given to the sons of Israel, because you rebelled against my word at the water of Meribah. |
people ← peoples.
you: plural. word ← mouth. |
| Num 20:25 | קַ֚ח אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְאֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֖ר בְּנ֑וֹ וְהַ֥עַל אֹתָ֖ם הֹ֥ר הָהָֽר׃ | Take Aaron and Eleazar his son and bring them up Mount Hor. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
up: AV differs (up unto), so not actually up the mountain. |
| Num 20:26 | וְהַפְשֵׁ֤ט אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֖ם אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר בְּנ֑וֹ וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן יֵאָסֵ֖ף וּמֵ֥ת שָֽׁם׃ | And strip Aaron of his clothes, and clothe Eleazar his son with them, and Aaron will be gathered up and die there.” | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 20:27 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ אֶל־הֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | And Moses did as the Lord had commanded, and they went up into Mount Hor in the sight of the whole of the congregation. | in the sight ← before the eyes. |
| Num 20:28 | וַיַּפְשֵׁט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁ אֹתָם֙ אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר בְּנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֧מָת אַהֲרֹ֛ן שָׁ֖ם בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיֵּ֧רֶד מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר מִן־הָהָֽר׃ | And Moses stripped Aaron of his clothes, and he clothed Eleazar his son with them, and Aaron died there on the summit of the mountain. Then Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain. | Eleazar (2x): see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 20:29 | וַיִּרְאוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה כִּ֥י גָוַ֖ע אַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיִּבְכּ֤וּ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים י֔וֹם כֹּ֖ל בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And all the congregation saw that Aaron had expired, and the whole house of Israel wept for Aaron for thirty days. | |
| Num 21:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע הַכְּנַעֲנִ֤י מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲרָד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַנֶּ֔גֶב כִּ֚י בָּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דֶּ֖רֶךְ הָאֲתָרִ֑ים וַיִּלָּ֙חֶם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּ֥שְׁבְּ ׀ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שֶֽׁבִי׃ | Now King Arad the Canaanite, who lived in the south, heard that Israel was coming by the route of Atharim, and he waged war against Israel, and he took some of them prisoner. | Atharim: a place name ([AnLx], [ST], [BDB], LXX). AV differs (spies) (Syriac, Targum). As a Chaldee word, it means places, sites. |
| Num 21:2 | וַיִּדַּ֨ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נֶ֛דֶר לַֽיהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אִם־נָתֹ֨ן תִּתֵּ֜ן אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדִ֔י וְהַֽחֲרַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־עָרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then Israel made a vow to the Lord and said, “If you decisively deliver this people into our hands, then we will destroy their cities.” |
decisively deliver: infinitive absolute.
our hands, then we ← my hand, then I. Collective usage of Israel. |
| Num 21:3 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה בְּק֣וֹל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וַיַּחֲרֵ֥ם אֶתְהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־עָרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א שֵׁם־הַמָּק֖וֹם חָרְמָֽה׃ פ | And the Lord heeded Israel, and he delivered up the Canaanites, and they destroyed them and their cities, and they named the place Hormah. |
heeded Israel ← heard Israel's voice.
Canaanites ← Canaanite. Collective usage. they (2x) ← he. Collective usage of Israel. |
| Num 21:4 | וַיִּסְע֞וּ מֵהֹ֤ר הָהָר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יַם־ס֔וּף לִסְבֹ֖ב אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֑וֹם וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נֶֽפֶשׁ־הָעָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | Then they moved from Mount Hor by the route of the Red Sea, to go round the land of Edom, but the people became impatient on the way. | the people became impatient ← the soul of the people became short. |
| Num 21:5 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר הָעָ֗ם בֵּֽאלֹהִים֮ וּבְמֹשֶׁה֒ לָמָ֤ה הֶֽעֱלִיתֻ֙נוּ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לָמ֖וּת בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְאֵ֣ין מַ֔יִם וְנַפְשֵׁ֣נוּ קָ֔צָה בַּלֶּ֖חֶם הַקְּלֹקֵֽל׃ | And the people spoke against God and Moses, saying, “Why have you brought us up from Egypt for us to die in the desert? For there is no bread and no water, and our being loathes this insubstantial bread.” | being ← soul. |
| Num 21:6 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה בָּעָ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַנְּחָשִׁ֣ים הַשְּׂרָפִ֔ים וַֽיְנַשְּׁכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֥מָת עַם־רָ֖ב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | At this the Lord sent fiery serpents on the people, and they bit the people, and many people of Israel died. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
fiery serpents ← the fiery serpents. |
| Num 21:7 | וַיָּבֹא֩ הָעָ֨ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֗אנוּ כִּֽי־דִבַּ֤רְנוּ בַֽיהוָה֙ וָבָ֔ךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵ֥ר מֵעָלֵ֖ינוּ אֶת־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד הָעָֽם׃ | Then the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you. Pray to the Lord that he removes the serpents from us.” And Moses prayed for the people. | serpents ← serpent. Collective usage. |
| Num 21:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ שָׂרָ֔ף וְשִׂ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ עַל־נֵ֑ס וְהָיָה֙ כָּל־הַנָּשׁ֔וּךְ וְרָאָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ וָחָֽי׃ | Then the Lord said to Moses, “Make yourself a fiery serpent and put it on a standard, and it will come to pass that everyone who has been bitten but who looks at it, will live.” | |
| Num 21:9 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מֹשֶׁה֙ נְחַ֣שׁ נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וַיְשִׂמֵ֖הוּ עַל־הַנֵּ֑ס וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־נָשַׁ֤ךְ הַנָּחָשׁ֙ אֶת־אִ֔ישׁ וְהִבִּ֛יט אֶל־נְחַ֥שׁ הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת וָחָֽי׃ | So Moses made a copper serpent and put it on the standard, and it came to pass that if a serpent had bitten a man, and he beheld the copper serpent, he lived. |
John 3:14.
copper serpent: the two words are from the same root, נחש, or from two homonymic roots. |
| Num 21:10 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּאֹבֹֽת׃ | Then the sons of Israel moved on and encamped at Oboth. | |
| Num 21:11 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאֹבֹ֑ת וַֽיַּחֲנ֞וּ בְּעִיֵּ֣י הָֽעֲבָרִ֗ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב מִמִּזְרַ֖ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Then they moved on from Oboth and encamped at the ruins of Abarim in the desert which is alongside Moab, towards the sunrise. |
ruins of Abarim: AV differs somewhat (Ije-abarim).
the sunrise: i.e. the east. |
| Num 21:12 | מִשָּׁ֖ם נָסָ֑עוּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּנַ֥חַל זָֽרֶד׃ | From there they moved on and encamped at the Brook of Zered. | Zered: AV here = Zared, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. But AV in Deut 2:13, Deut 2:14 has Zered. |
| Num 21:13 | מִשָּׁם֮ נָסָעוּ֒ וַֽיַּחֲנ֗וּ מֵעֵ֤בֶר אַרְנוֹן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר הַיֹּצֵ֖א מִגְּב֣וּל הָֽאֱמֹרִ֑י כִּ֤י אַרְנוֹן֙ גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב בֵּ֥ין מוֹאָ֖ב וּבֵ֥ין הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | From there they moved on and encamped at the other side of the Arnon, which is in the desert, which comes out of the territory of the Amorites, for the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. |
territory ← border.
Amorites (2x): see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:14 | עַל־כֵּן֙ יֵֽאָמַ֔ר בְּסֵ֖פֶר מִלְחֲמֹ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־וָהֵ֣ב בְּסוּפָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַנְּחָלִ֖ים אַרְנֽוֹן׃ |
This is why it relates in the Book of the Wars of the Lord,
“Vaheb in the whirlwind And the brooks of Arnon, |
Vaheb: AV differs (what He did).
whirlwind: AV differs (Red Sea), which is suph, not suphah. |
| Num 21:15 | וְאֶ֙שֶׁד֙ הַנְּחָלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָ֖ה לְשֶׁ֣בֶת עָ֑ר וְנִשְׁעַ֖ן לִגְב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃ |
And the outpouring of the brooks, Which turns to the dwelling of Ar And adjoins the border of Moab.” |
|
| Num 21:16 | וּמִשָּׁ֖ם בְּאֵ֑רָה הִ֣וא הַבְּאֵ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱסֹף֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם מָֽיִם׃ ס | And from there they moved to Beer, which is the well where the Lord said to Moses, “Gather the people and I will give them water.” | |
| Num 21:17 | אָ֚ז יָשִׁ֣יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַשִּׁירָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את עֲלִ֥י בְאֵ֖ר עֱנוּ־לָֽהּ׃ |
Then Israel sang this song:
“Spring up, O well; Sing in response to it. |
|
| Num 21:18 | בְּאֵ֞ר חֲפָר֣וּהָ שָׂרִ֗ים כָּר֙וּהָ֙ נְדִיבֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם בִּמְחֹקֵ֖ק בְּמִשְׁעֲנֹתָ֑ם וּמִמִּדְבָּ֖ר מַתָּנָֽה׃ |
As for the well, princes dug it; The nobles of the people excavated it, With lawgivers with their staffs.” And they moved from the desert to Mattanah. |
|
| Num 21:19 | וּמִמַּתָּנָ֖ה נַחֲלִיאֵ֑ל וּמִנַּחֲלִיאֵ֖ל בָּמֽוֹת׃ | Then they moved from Mattanah to Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel to Bamoth, | |
| Num 21:20 | וּמִבָּמ֗וֹת הַגַּיְא֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב רֹ֖אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֑ה וְנִשְׁקָ֖פָה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃ פ | and from the Valley of Bamoth which is in the open country of Moab to the summit of Pisgah, which overlooks the landscape of Jeshimon. | landscape ← face, surface. |
| Num 21:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־סִיחֹ֥ן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites and said, | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:22 | אֶעְבְּרָ֣ה בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ לֹ֤א נִטֶּה֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה וּבְכֶ֔רֶם לֹ֥א נִשְׁתֶּ֖ה מֵ֣י בְאֵ֑ר בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ נֵלֵ֔ךְ עַ֥ד אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲבֹ֖ר גְּבֻלֶֽךָ׃ | “We would like to cross your country. We will not deviate through field or vineyard, and we will not drink well-water, but we will go by the royal road, until we have crossed your territory.” |
we ← I, Israel being used collectively.
territory ← border. |
| Num 21:23 | וְלֹא־נָתַ֨ן סִיחֹ֣ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻלוֹ֒ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף סִיחֹ֜ן אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֗וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֞א לִקְרַ֤את יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה וַיָּבֹ֖א יָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But Sihon did not allow Israel to cross his territory, and Sihon gathered all his people, and he went out against Israel into the desert. And he went to Jahaz and fought against Israel. | territory ← border. |
| Num 21:24 | וַיַּכֵּ֥הוּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיִּירַ֨שׁ אֶת־אַרְצ֜וֹ מֵֽאַרְנֹ֗ן עַד־יַבֹּק֙ עַד־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֣י עַ֔ז גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | But Israel struck him by the blade of the sword, and he came into possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, up to the sons of Ammon, for the territory of the sons of Ammon was strongly held. | territory ← border. |
| Num 21:25 | וַיִּקַּח֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֥ת כָּל־הֶעָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּכָל־עָרֵ֣י הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י בְּחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וּבְכָל־בְּנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | So Israel took all these cities, and Israel lived in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon and all its satellite towns. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
satellite towns ← daughters. |
| Num 21:26 | כִּ֣י חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן עִ֗יר סִיחֹ֛ן מֶ֥לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י הִ֑וא וְה֣וּא נִלְחַ֗ם בְּמֶ֤לֶךְ מוֹאָב֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן וַיִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־כָּל־אַרְצ֛וֹ מִיָּד֖וֹ עַד־אַרְנֹֽן׃ | For Heshbon is the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, and he had fought against the first king of Moab, and he had taken all his land from his control as far as the Arnon. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
control ← hand. |
| Num 21:27 | עַל־כֵּ֛ן יֹאמְר֥וּ הַמֹּשְׁלִ֖ים בֹּ֣אוּ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן תִּבָּנֶ֥ה וְתִכּוֹנֵ֖ן עִ֥יר סִיחֽוֹן׃ |
This is why those who speak in proverbs say,
“Come to Heshbon; The city of Sihon Will be built up and established. |
|
| Num 21:28 | כִּי־אֵשׁ֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה מֵֽחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן לֶהָבָ֖ה מִקִּרְיַ֣ת סִיחֹ֑ן אָֽכְלָה֙ עָ֣ר מוֹאָ֔ב בַּעֲלֵ֖י בָּמ֥וֹת אַרְנֹֽן׃ |
For fire went out from Heshbon; A flame from the town of Sihon. It consumed Ar of Moab And the lords of the heights of Arnon. |
|| Jer 48:45. |
| Num 21:29 | אוֹי־לְךָ֣ מוֹאָ֔ב אָבַ֖דְתָּ עַם־כְּמ֑וֹשׁ נָתַ֨ן בָּנָ֤יו פְּלֵיטִם֙ וּבְנֹתָ֣יו בַּשְּׁבִ֔ית לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אֱמֹרִ֖י סִיחֽוֹן׃ |
Woe to you, Moab; You have been ruined, O people of Chemosh. He has made its sons fugitives And taken its daughters into the captivity Of Sihon king of the Amorites. |
|| Jer 48:46.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:30 | וַנִּירָ֛ם אָבַ֥ד חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן עַד־דִּיב֑וֹן וַנַּשִּׁ֣ים עַד־נֹ֔פַח אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ עַד־מֵֽידְבָֽא׃ |
But we have shot them down; Heshbon has been ruined up to Dibon, And we have laid them waste As far as Nophah Which extends to Medeba.” |
which: with a supralinear dot over the resh. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] then reads the word as men. |
| Num 21:31 | וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | Then Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:32 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ לְרַגֵּ֣ל אֶת־יַעְזֵ֔ר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֖וּ בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ *ויירש **וַיּ֖וֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־שָֽׁם׃ | Then Moses sent spies to spy out Jazer, and they captured its satellite towns, and he dispossessed the Amorites who were there. |
he dispossessed: the ketiv (qal) and qeré (hiphil) are similar words with the same meaning.
Jazer ← Ja'zer. AV= Jaazer with the consonant ayin represented by an a. Sometimes AV= Jazer. satellite towns ← its daughters. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:33 | וַיִּפְנוּ֙ וַֽיַּעֲל֔וּ דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן וַיֵּצֵ֣א עוֹג֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֨ן לִקְרָאתָ֜ם ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | Then they turned and went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan came out against them – he and all his people – to the battle at Edrei. | Bashan (2x) ← the Bashan. |
| Num 21:34 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֣י בְיָדְךָ֞ נָתַ֧תִּי אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֗יתָ לְסִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Do not be afraid of him, for I will deliver him and all his people into your hand, and his land, and you will deal with him as you dealt with Sihon king of the Amorites who was living in Heshbon.” | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 21:35 | וַיַּכּ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֔וֹ עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִ֑יד וַיִּֽירְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | And they struck him and his sons and all his people, so much so that he had no survivors left. And they took possession of his land. | |
| Num 22:1 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ ס | Then the sons of Israel moved and encamped in the arid tracts of Moab, across the Jordan at Jericho. |
Jordan at ← Jordan of.
Jericho ← Jeriho, with a heth, normally transliterated by h, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Sometimes (as here?) ↴ |
| Num 22:2 | וַיַּ֥רְא בָּלָ֖ק בֶּן־צִפּ֑וֹר אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לָֽאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | And Balak the son of Zippor saw everything that Israel had done to the Amorites, |
↳ Jericho seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV).
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 22:3 | וַיָּ֨גָר מוֹאָ֜ב מִפְּנֵ֥י הָעָ֛ם מְאֹ֖ד כִּ֣י רַב־ה֑וּא וַיָּ֣קָץ מוֹאָ֔ב מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and Moab was very afraid of the people, for it was great. And Moab felt revulsion at the sons of Israel, | |
| Num 22:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מוֹאָ֜ב אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן עַתָּ֞ה יְלַחֲכ֤וּ הַקָּהָל֙ אֶת־כָּל־סְבִ֣יבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כִּלְחֹ֣ךְ הַשּׁ֔וֹר אֵ֖ת יֶ֣רֶק הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבָלָ֧ק בֶּן־צִפּ֛וֹר מֶ֥לֶךְ לְמוֹאָ֖ב בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא׃ | and Moab said to the elders of Midian, “The convocation will now lick up all our surroundings as the ox licks up the greenery of the field.” Now Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time, | |
| Num 22:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר פְּ֠תוֹרָה אֲשֶׁ֧ר עַל־הַנָּהָ֛ר אֶ֥רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֖וֹ לִקְרֹא־ל֑וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִ֠נֵּה עַ֣ם יָצָ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הִנֵּ֤ה כִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְה֥וּא יֹשֵׁ֖ב מִמֻּלִֽי׃ | and he sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, to Pethor, which is on the river of the land of the sons of his people, to call for him, and they said, “Look, a people has come out of Egypt, and look, it has covered the surface of the land, and they are living opposite me. |
Balaam ← Bil'am, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21.
surface ← eye. they are living ← he is living. Collective usage for the people, also elsewhere in this section. |
| Num 22:6 | וְעַתָּה֩ לְכָה־נָּ֨א אָֽרָה־לִּ֜י אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה כִּֽי־עָצ֥וּם הוּא֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי אוּלַ֤י אוּכַל֙ נַכֶּה־בּ֔וֹ וַאֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־תְּבָרֵךְ֙ מְבֹרָ֔ךְ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּאֹ֖ר יוּאָֽר׃ | So now, please come and curse this people for me, for it is stronger than me, and maybe I will prevail and we can strike them, and I can drive them from the land, for I know that what you bless is blessed and what you curse is cursed.” | than me: or, if the reader prefers, than I. |
| Num 22:7 | וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ זִקְנֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ וְזִקְנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֔ן וּקְסָמִ֖ים בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו דִּבְרֵ֥י בָלָֽק׃ | So the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian went with divining payment in their hand, and they came to Balaam and quoted Balak's words to him. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לִ֤ינוּ פֹה֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ שָׂרֵֽי־מוֹאָ֖ב עִם־בִּלְעָֽם׃ | And he said to them, “Lodge here tonight, and I will report to you according to what the Lord says to me.” So Moab's dignitaries stayed with Balaam. |
report ← return word.
Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:9 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֛י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And God came to Balaam, and he asked, “Who are these men with you?” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
asked ← said. |
| Num 22:10 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בִּלְעָ֖ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּלָ֧ק בֶּן־צִפֹּ֛ר מֶ֥לֶךְ מוֹאָ֖ב שָׁלַ֥ח אֵלָֽי׃ | And Balaam said to God, “Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab, sent them to me and they said, | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:11 | הִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ הַיֹּצֵ֣א מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַיְכַ֖ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָאָ֑רֶץ עַתָּ֗ה לְכָ֤ה קָֽבָה־לִּי֙ אֹת֔וֹ אוּלַ֥י אוּכַ֛ל לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּ֖וֹ וְגֵרַשְׁתִּֽיו׃ | ‘Look, the people who came out of Egypt have covered the surface of the land. Now please come and curse them for me, then maybe I will be able to fight them and drive them out.’ ” | the people: singular in Hebrew in this verse and the next, and in some other verses, but we often translate as plural. Collective usage. |
| Num 22:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א תָאֹר֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י בָר֖וּךְ הֽוּא׃ | And God said to Balaam, “You shall not go with them. You shall not curse the people, for they are blessed.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:13 | וַיָּ֤קָם בִּלְעָם֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י בָלָ֔ק לְכ֖וּ אֶֽל־אַרְצְכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י מֵאֵ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה לְתִתִּ֖י לַהֲלֹ֥ךְ עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | And Balaam arose in the morning and said to Balak's dignitaries, “Go to your own country, for the Lord refuses to allow me to go with you.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:14 | וַיָּק֙וּמוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בָּלָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֵ֥ן בִּלְעָ֖ם הֲלֹ֥ךְ עִמָּֽנוּ׃ | So Moab's dignitaries arose and went to Balak and said, “Balaam refuses to go with us.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:15 | וַיֹּ֥סֶף ע֖וֹד בָּלָ֑ק שְׁלֹ֣חַ שָׂרִ֔ים רַבִּ֥ים וְנִכְבָּדִ֖ים מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then Balak sent dignitaries again, more of them, and more honourable ones, than those. | again ← added ... again. Pleonastic rather than multiplying the occurrences. |
| Num 22:16 | וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ בָּלָ֣ק בֶּן־צִפּ֔וֹר אַל־נָ֥א תִמָּנַ֖ע מֵהֲלֹ֥ךְ אֵלָֽי׃ | And they came to Balaam, and they said to him, “This is what Balak the son of Zippor says: ‘Do not, please, refrain from coming to me. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
this is what ← thus. |
| Num 22:17 | כִּֽי־כַבֵּ֤ד אֲכַבֶּדְךָ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלַ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֑ה וּלְכָה־נָּא֙ קָֽבָה־לִּ֔י אֵ֖ת הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ | For I will certainly honour you greatly, and I will carry out everything you say to me, so please come, and curse this people for me.’ ” | I will certainly honour you: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 22:18 | וַיַּ֣עַן בִּלְעָ֗ם וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עַבְדֵ֣י בָלָ֔ק אִם־יִתֶּן־לִ֥י בָלָ֛ק מְלֹ֥א בֵית֖וֹ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב לֹ֣א אוּכַ֗ל לַעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־פִּי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת קְטַנָּ֖ה א֥וֹ גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | Then Balaam answered and said to Balak's servants, “Even if Balak gives me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot transgress the word of the Lord my God, by doing anything small or great. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
word ← mouth. by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 22:19 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁב֨וּ נָ֥א בָזֶ֛ה גַּם־אַתֶּ֖ם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְאֵ֣דְעָ֔ה מַה־יֹּסֵ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה דַּבֵּ֥ר עִמִּֽי׃ | And now, please remain here, you also, tonight, and I will find out what else the Lord says to me.” | |
| Num 22:20 | וַיָּבֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֶל־בִּלְעָם֮ לַיְלָה֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אִם־לִקְרֹ֤א לְךָ֙ בָּ֣אוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים ק֖וּם לֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֑ם וְאַ֗ךְ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֹת֥וֹ תַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And God came to Balaam by night and said to him, “If the men come and call for you, arise and go with them, but you will surely carry out the words which I will speak to you.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
arise and go: the verse is perhaps satirical, like 1 Ki 22:15, as if to say, “If you insist on sinning, go ahead, but things won't work out.” words ← word, speech, thing. |
| Num 22:21 | וַיָּ֤קָם בִּלְעָם֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיַּחֲבֹ֖שׁ אֶת־אֲתֹנ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ עִם־שָׂרֵ֥י מוֹאָֽב׃ | So Balaam arose in the morning, and he saddled his she-ass, and he went with Moab's dignitaries. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
she-ass: Balaam's ass is specifically a jenny, but we translate as ass further on. |
| Num 22:22 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף אֱלֹהִים֮ כִּֽי־הוֹלֵ֣ךְ הוּא֒ וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֞ב מַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ לְשָׂטָ֣ן ל֑וֹ וְהוּא֙ רֹכֵ֣ב עַל־אֲתֹנ֔וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֥י נְעָרָ֖יו עִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then God's anger was kindled because he went, and the angel of the Lord stationed himself on the road, in opposition to him, while he was riding on his ass, and his two servant-lads were with him. |
God's anger was kindled: perhaps, as [CB], because Balaam went without the men calling for him (v.20). But see note to v.20.
in opposition ← for an opponent. |
| Num 22:23 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָאָתוֹן֩ אֶת־מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤ט הָֽאָתוֹן֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בִּלְעָם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָת֔וֹן לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | And the ass saw the angel of the Lord standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand, and the ass turned aside from the way and went into the field. Then Balaam struck the ass to turn it to the road. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:24 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה בְּמִשְׁע֖וֹל הַכְּרָמִ֑ים גָּדֵ֥ר מִזֶּ֖ה וְגָדֵ֥ר מִזֶּֽה׃ | But the angel of the Lord stood on the track of the vineyards, there being a fence on each side. | a fence on each side ← a fence from here and a fence from here. |
| Num 22:25 | וַתֵּ֨רֶא הָאָת֜וֹן אֶת־מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה וַתִּלָּחֵץ֙ אֶל־הַקִּ֔יר וַתִּלְחַ֛ץ אֶת־רֶ֥גֶל בִּלְעָ֖ם אֶל־הַקִּ֑יר וַיֹּ֖סֶף לְהַכֹּתָֽהּ׃ | And the ass saw the angel of the Lord, and it squeezed itself against the wall, and it squeezed Balaam's foot against the wall, and he struck it again. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:26 | וַיּ֥וֹסֶף מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה עֲב֑וֹר וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם צָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֵֽין־דֶּ֥רֶךְ לִנְט֖וֹת יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ | Then the angel of the Lord came across again and stood in a narrow spot where there was no room to turn to the right or to the left. | |
| Num 22:27 | וַתֵּ֤רֶא הָֽאָתוֹן֙ אֶת־מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּרְבַּ֖ץ תַּ֣חַת בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הָאָת֖וֹן בַּמַּקֵּֽל׃ | And the ass saw the angel of the Lord, and it lay down under Balaam, and Balaam's anger was kindled, and he struck the ass with his stick. | Balaam (2x): see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:28 | וַיִּפְתַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־פִּ֣י הָאָת֑וֹן וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לְבִלְעָם֙ מֶה־עָשִׂ֣יתִֽי לְךָ֔ כִּ֣י הִכִּיתַ֔נִי זֶ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ רְגָלִֽים׃ | Then the Lord opened the ass's mouth, and it said to Balaam, “What have I done to you, that you should strike me these three times?” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:29 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בִּלְעָם֙ לָֽאָת֔וֹן כִּ֥י הִתְעַלַּ֖לְתְּ בִּ֑י ל֤וּ יֶשׁ־חֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּיָדִ֔י כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה הֲרַגְתִּֽיךְ׃ | And Balaam said to the ass, “Because you are fooling around with me. If only I had a sword in my hand, then I would kill you now.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:30 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר הָאָת֜וֹן אֶל־בִּלְעָ֗ם הֲלוֹא֩ אָנֹכִ֨י אֲתֹֽנְךָ֜ אֲשֶׁר־רָכַ֣בְתָּ עָלַ֗י מֵעֽוֹדְךָ֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הַֽהַסְכֵּ֣ן הִסְכַּ֔נְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְךָ֖ כֹּ֑ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹֽא׃ | Then the ass said to Balaam, “Am I not your ass upon which you have ridden for as long as you have existed up to this day? Am I in any way accustomed to behave this way to you?” And he said, “No.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
upon which ← which upon me. am I in any way accustomed: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 22:31 | וַיְגַ֣ל יְהוָה֮ אֶת־עֵינֵ֣י בִלְעָם֒ וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלֻפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיִּקֹּ֥ד וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לְאַפָּֽיו׃ | Then the Lord unveiled Balaam's eyes, and he saw the angel of the Lord standing in the way with his sword drawn in his hand. And he bowed down and prostrated himself face down. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
face down ← to his face. |
| Num 22:32 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה עַל־מָ֗ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֲתֹ֣נְךָ֔ זֶ֖ה שָׁל֣וֹשׁ רְגָלִ֑ים הִנֵּ֤ה אָנֹכִי֙ יָצָ֣אתִי לְשָׂטָ֔ן כִּֽי־יָרַ֥ט הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ לְנֶגְדִּֽי׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to him, “Why did you strike your ass those three times? Look, I have come out in opposition, because your way is perverse before me. | |
| Num 22:33 | וַתִּרְאַ֙נִי֙ הָֽאָת֔וֹן וַתֵּ֣ט לְפָנַ֔י זֶ֖ה שָׁלֹ֣שׁ רְגָלִ֑ים אוּלַי֙ נָטְתָ֣ה מִפָּנַ֔י כִּ֥י עַתָּ֛ה גַּם־אֹתְכָ֥ה הָרַ֖גְתִּי וְאוֹתָ֥הּ הֶחֱיֵֽיתִי׃ | And the ass saw me and turned aside before me those three times. Unless it had turned aside from me, it's you I would have killed by now, but I would have preserved it alive.” |
from me ← from before me.
it's you: the emphasis is brought out by the object first word order and the adverb גַּם, which is the equivalent of the Modern Hebrew דַּווְקָא here. |
| Num 22:34 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בִּלְעָ֜ם אֶל־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אתִי כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י אַתָּ֛ה נִצָּ֥ב לִקְרָאתִ֖י בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְעַתָּ֛ה אִם־רַ֥ע בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ אָשׁ֥וּבָה לִּֽי׃ | Then Balaam said to the angel of the Lord, “I have sinned, for I did not know that you were standing facing me on the road. So now, if this matter is wrong in your sight, I had better go back.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
I had better go back ← I will go back for myself. Idiomatic usage. Perhaps an ethic dative (attracting the attention of the person addressed, emphasizing involvement). |
| Num 22:35 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־בִּלְעָ֗ם לֵ֚ךְ עִם־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶ֗פֶס אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֹת֣וֹ תְדַבֵּ֑ר וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בִּלְעָ֖ם עִם־שָׂרֵ֥י בָלָֽק׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to Balaam, “Go with the men; however, the word which I will speak to you is what you will speak.” So Balaam went with Balak's dignitaries. |
word: see Num 22:20.
Balaam (2x): see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:36 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע בָּלָ֖ק כִּ֣י בָ֣א בִלְעָ֑ם וַיֵּצֵ֨א לִקְרָאת֜וֹ אֶל־עִ֣יר מוֹאָ֗ב אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־גְּב֣וּל אַרְנֹ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַגְּבֽוּל׃ | Then when Balak heard that Balaam was coming, he went out to meet him at the City of Moab, which is on the border at the Arnon, which is at the end of his territory. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
at the City ← to the City. territory ← border. |
| Num 22:37 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בָּלָ֜ק אֶל־בִּלְעָ֗ם הֲלֹא֩ שָׁלֹ֨חַ שָׁלַ֤חְתִּי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לִקְרֹא־לָ֔ךְ לָ֥מָּה לֹא־הָלַ֖כְתָּ אֵלָ֑י הַֽאֻמְנָ֔ם לֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל כַּבְּדֶֽךָ׃ | Then Balak said to Balaam, “Did I not specifically send men to you to call for you? Why did you not come to me? Is it credible that I should be unable to honour you?” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
specifically send: infinitive absolute. credible ← in truth. |
| Num 22:38 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בִּלְעָ֜ם אֶל־בָּלָ֗ק הִֽנֵּה־בָ֙אתִי֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ עַתָּ֕ה הֲיָכ֥וֹל אוּכַ֖ל דַּבֵּ֣ר מְא֑וּמָה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָשִׂ֧ים אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּפִ֖י אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ | Then Balaam said to Balak, “Look, I have come to you now. Am I at all able to say anything of my own? The word which God puts in my mouth, that I will say.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
am I at all able: infinitive absolute. word: see Num 22:20. |
| Num 22:39 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בִּלְעָ֖ם עִם־בָּלָ֑ק וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ קִרְיַ֥ת חֻצֽוֹת׃ | Then Balaam went with Balak, and they came to Kiriath-Huzoth. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
Kiriath-Huzoth: AV= Kirjath-huzoth, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Num 22:40 | וַיִּזְבַּ֥ח בָּלָ֖ק בָּקָ֣ר וָצֹ֑אן וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח לְבִלְעָ֔ם וְלַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And Balak sacrificed oxen and sheep, and he sent for Balaam and for the dignitaries who were with him. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 22:41 | וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּקַּ֤ח בָּלָק֙ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַֽיַּעֲלֵ֖הוּ בָּמ֣וֹת בָּ֑עַל וַיַּ֥רְא מִשָּׁ֖ם קְצֵ֥ה הָעָֽם׃ | And it came to pass in the morning that Balak took Balaam and brought him up to the heights of Baal, and from there he showed him the extent of the people. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
he showed him: or he saw. extent ← end. |
| Num 23:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בִּלְעָם֙ אֶל־בָּלָ֔ק בְּנֵה־לִ֥י בָזֶ֖ה שִׁבְעָ֣ה מִזְבְּחֹ֑ת וְהָכֵ֥ן לִי֙ בָּזֶ֔ה שִׁבְעָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה אֵילִֽים׃ | Then Balaam said to Balak, “Build me here seven altars, and prepare for me here seven bulls and seven rams.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:2 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ בָּלָ֔ק כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיַּ֨עַל בָּלָ֧ק וּבִלְעָ֛ם פָּ֥ר וָאַ֖יִל בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And Balak did what Balaam said, and Balak and Balaam offered up a bull and a ram on each altar. |
Balaam (2x): see Num 22:5.
on each altar ← on the altar. |
| Num 23:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בִּלְעָ֜ם לְבָלָ֗ק הִתְיַצֵּב֮ עַל־עֹלָתֶךָ֒ וְאֵֽלְכָ֗ה אוּלַ֞י יִקָּרֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י וּדְבַ֥ר מַה־יַּרְאֵ֖נִי וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי לָ֑ךְ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ שֶֽׁפִי׃ | Then Balaam said to Balak, “Stand at your burnt offering, and I will go. It may happen that the Lord will meet up with me, and I will tell you whatever he shows me.” And he went to a high place. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
whatever ← a thing of which. |
| Num 23:4 | וַיִּקָּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־שִׁבְעַ֤ת הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹת֙ עָרַ֔כְתִּי וָאַ֛עַל פָּ֥ר וָאַ֖יִל בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And God came across to Balaam, and Balaam said to him, “I arranged seven altars, and I have made a burnt offering of a bull and a ram on each altar.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
Balaam ← he. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Num 23:5 | וַיָּ֧שֶׂם יְהוָ֛ה דָּבָ֖ר בְּפִ֣י בִלְעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֛אמֶר שׁ֥וּב אֶל־בָּלָ֖ק וְכֹ֥ה תְדַבֵּֽר׃ | Then the Lord put a word in Balaam's mouth and said, “Return to Balak, and you will speak accordingly.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
accordingly ← thus. |
| Num 23:6 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב אֵלָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֥ה נִצָּ֖ב עַל־עֹלָת֑וֹ ה֖וּא וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֥י מוֹאָֽב׃ | So he returned to him, and what he saw was that he was standing at his burnt offering – he and all the dignitaries of Moab. | and what he saw was that ← and behold. |
| Num 23:7 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר מִן־אֲ֠רָם יַנְחֵ֨נִי בָלָ֤ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָב֙ מֵֽהַרְרֵי־קֶ֔דֶם לְכָה֙ אָֽרָה־לִּ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּלְכָ֖ה זֹעֲמָ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And he delivered his discourse and said,
“Balak king of Moab Led me from Aramaea, From the mountains of the east, Saying, ‘Come, please, and curse Jacob’, And, ‘Come and be insolent to Israel.’ |
|
| Num 23:8 | מָ֣ה אֶקֹּ֔ב לֹ֥א קַבֹּ֖ה אֵ֑ל וּמָ֣ה אֶזְעֹ֔ם לֹ֥א זָעַ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
How can I curse him Whom God has not cursed? And how can I be insolent To him to whom the Lord Has not been insolent? |
|
| Num 23:9 | כִּֽי־מֵרֹ֤אשׁ צֻרִים֙ אֶרְאֶ֔נּוּ וּמִגְּבָע֖וֹת אֲשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ הֶן־עָם֙ לְבָדָ֣ד יִשְׁכֹּ֔ן וּבַגּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א יִתְחַשָּֽׁב׃ |
For from the summit of the rocks I saw him, And from the hills I beheld him. Behold, a people will dwell on its own, And it will not be reckoned among the nations. |
be reckoned: hithpael for passive, as often in Modern Hebrew. |
| Num 23:10 | מִ֤י מָנָה֙ עֲפַ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִסְפָּ֖ר אֶת־רֹ֣בַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תָּמֹ֤ת נַפְשִׁי֙ מ֣וֹת יְשָׁרִ֔ים וּתְהִ֥י אַחֲרִיתִ֖י כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ |
Who has counted the dust of Jacob, Or the number of a quarter of Israel? May my soul die the death of the upright, And may my end be like him.” |
or the number: the particle אֶת militates for Ginsburg's contention that this is an abbreviation of מִי סָפַר, who has numbered?; see [CB].
soul: i.e. my being, my self. |
| Num 23:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתָ לִ֑י לָקֹ֤ב אֹיְבַי֙ לְקַחְתִּ֔יךָ וְהִנֵּ֖ה בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ בָרֵֽךְ׃ | Then Balak said to Balaam, “What are you doing to me? I took you to curse my enemies, and what you have done is you have thoroughly blessed them.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
and what you have done is ← and behold. you have thoroughly blessed: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 23:12 | וַיַּ֖עַן וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הֲלֹ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָשִׂ֤ים יְהוָה֙ בְּפִ֔י אֹת֥וֹ אֶשְׁמֹ֖ר לְדַבֵּֽר׃ | Then he answered and said, “Am I not constrained to say what the Lord puts in my mouth?” | am I not constrained ← shall I not keep / have charge. [BDB] includes restrain (but active). |
| Num 23:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו בָּלָ֗ק *לך־**לְכָה־נָּ֨א אִתִּ֜י אֶל־מָק֤וֹם אַחֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּרְאֶ֣נּוּ מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶ֚פֶס קָצֵ֣הוּ תִרְאֶ֔ה וְכֻלּ֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִרְאֶ֑ה וְקָבְנוֹ־לִ֖י מִשָּֽׁם׃ | Then Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place from where you will see them. You will see the extreme end of them, but you will not see all of them, and curse them for me from there.” | come: the ketiv is a plain imperative; the qeré is a less direct form of the imperative. |
| Num 23:14 | וַיִּקָּחֵ֙הוּ֙ שְׂדֵ֣ה צֹפִ֔ים אֶל־רֹ֖אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֑ה וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה מִזְבְּחֹ֔ת וַיַּ֛עַל פָּ֥ר וָאַ֖יִל בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And he took him to the area of the look-out men, at the summit of Pisgah, and he built seven altars, and he offered a bull and a ram on each altar. | the look-out men: AV differs, taking it as a name (Zophim). |
| Num 23:15 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־בָּלָ֔ק הִתְיַצֵּ֥ב כֹּ֖ה עַל־עֹלָתֶ֑ךָ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִקָּ֥רֶה כֹּֽה׃ | Then he said to Balak, “Stand here at your burnt offering while I will be met with over there.” | |
| Num 23:16 | וַיִּקָּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דָּבָ֖ר בְּפִ֑יו וַיֹּ֛אמֶר שׁ֥וּב אֶל־בָּלָ֖ק וְכֹ֥ה תְדַבֵּֽר׃ | And the Lord met with Balaam, and he put a word in his mouth, and he said, “Go back to Balak, and you will speak accordingly.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:17 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהִנּ֤וֹ נִצָּב֙ עַל־עֹ֣לָת֔וֹ וְשָׂרֵ֥י מוֹאָ֖ב אִתּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ בָּלָ֔ק מַה־דִּבֶּ֖ר יְהוָֽה׃ | So he went back to him, and there he was, standing at his burnt offering, and the dignitaries of Moab were with him. And Balak said to him, “What did the Lord say?” | there he was ← behold him. |
| Num 23:18 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר ק֤וּם בָּלָק֙ וּֽשֲׁמָ֔ע הַאֲזִ֥ינָה עָדַ֖י בְּנ֥וֹ צִפֹּֽר׃ |
And he delivered his discourse and said,
“Arise, Balak, and listen; Give ear to me, O son of Zippor. |
|
| Num 23:19 | לֹ֣א אִ֥ישׁ אֵל֙ וִֽיכַזֵּ֔ב וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה׃ |
God is not a man who might lie, Nor a son of Adam who might change his mind. Does he speak and then not do it? Or does he declare something And not fulfil it? |
fulfil ← establish, bring to existence. |
| Num 23:20 | הִנֵּ֥ה בָרֵ֖ךְ לָקָ֑חְתִּי וּבֵרֵ֖ךְ וְלֹ֥א אֲשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃ |
Behold, I have received A constraint to bless. And he has blessed, And I cannot reverse it. |
|
| Num 23:21 | לֹֽא־הִבִּ֥יט אָ֙וֶן֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־רָאָ֥ה עָמָ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּתְרוּעַ֥ת מֶ֖לֶךְ בּֽוֹ׃ |
He does not observe wickedness in Jacob, And he does not see injustice in Israel. The Lord his God is with him, And the shout of the king is among them. |
injustice: the word more commonly means toil. |
| Num 23:22 | אֵ֖ל מוֹצִיאָ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם כְּתוֹעֲפֹ֥ת רְאֵ֖ם לֽוֹ׃ |
The God who brought them out of Egypt Has strength like that of a buffalo. |
strength: with [BDB], [ST], AV, or swiftness, with [AnLx]. |
| Num 23:23 | כִּ֤י לֹא־נַ֙חַשׁ֙ בְּיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹא־קֶ֖סֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כָּעֵ֗ת יֵאָמֵ֤ר לְיַעֲקֹב֙ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מַה־פָּ֖עַל אֵֽל׃ |
For there is no enchantment against Jacob, And no divination against Israel. Now it will be told to Jacob, And to Israel, what God has done. |
|
| Num 23:24 | הֶן־עָם֙ כְּלָבִ֣יא יָק֔וּם וְכַאֲרִ֖י יִתְנַשָּׂ֑א לֹ֤א יִשְׁכַּב֙ עַד־יֹ֣אכַל טֶ֔רֶף וְדַם־חֲלָלִ֖ים יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ |
Behold, a people like a great lion is arising, And like a young lion it is lifting itself up. It does not lie down until it has eaten prey And has drunk the blood of the slain.” |
|
| Num 23:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם גַּם־קֹ֖ב לֹ֣א תִקֳּבֶ֑נּוּ גַּם־בָּרֵ֖ךְ לֹ֥א תְבָרֲכֶֽנּוּ׃ | Then Balak said to Balaam, “Neither curse them at all nor bless them at all.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
curse them at all ... bless them at all: both infinitive absolute. |
| Num 23:26 | וַיַּ֣עַן בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־בָּלָ֑ק הֲלֹ֗א דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֥וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶֽׂה׃ | Then Balaam answered and said to Balak, “Did I not tell you and say, ‘Everything that the Lord says to me, that I will do?’ ” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם לְכָה־נָּא֙ אֶקָּ֣חֲךָ֔ אֶל־מָק֖וֹם אַחֵ֑ר אוּלַ֤י יִישַׁר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקַבֹּ֥תוֹ לִ֖י מִשָּֽׁם׃ | Then Balak said to Balaam, “Come, please, and let me take you to another place. Maybe it will be right in God's eyes for you to curse them for me from there.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:28 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח בָּלָ֖ק אֶת־בִּלְעָ֑ם רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּע֔וֹר הַנִּשְׁקָ֖ף עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃ | So Balak took Balaam to the summit of Peor, which overlooks the landscape of Jeshimon. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:29 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בִּלְעָם֙ אֶל־בָּלָ֔ק בְּנֵה־לִ֥י בָזֶ֖ה שִׁבְעָ֣ה מִזְבְּחֹ֑ת וְהָכֵ֥ן לִי֙ בָּזֶ֔ה שִׁבְעָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה אֵילִֽים׃ | And Balaam said to Balak, “Build me seven altars here, and prepare for me seven bulls and seven rams here.” | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 23:30 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ בָּלָ֔ק כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיַּ֛עַל פָּ֥ר וָאַ֖יִל בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And Balak did as Balaam had said, and he offered up a bull and a ram on each altar. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 24:1 | וַיַּ֣רְא בִּלְעָ֗ם כִּ֣י ט֞וֹב בְּעֵינֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹא־הָלַ֥ךְ כְּפַֽעַם־בְּפַ֖עַם לִקְרַ֣את נְחָשִׁ֑ים וַיָּ֥שֶׁת אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר פָּנָֽיו׃ | And Balaam saw that it was good in the eyes of the Lord to bless Israel, and he did not go as at other times to engage in enchantments, but he directed his face towards the desert. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
engage in ← go to meet. enchantments: the same word as for serpents. |
| Num 24:2 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א בִלְעָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֹׁכֵ֖ן לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֥י עָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Balaam raised his eyes and saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes, and the spirit of God came upon him. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
their tribes ← his tribes. Collective usage of Israel. came ← became. |
| Num 24:3 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נְאֻ֤ם בִּלְעָם֙ בְּנ֣וֹ בְעֹ֔ר וּנְאֻ֥ם הַגֶּ֖בֶר שְׁתֻ֥ם הָעָֽיִן׃ |
And he delivered his discourse and said,
“Balaam the son of Beor speaks, And the man who has an open eye declares, |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
declares: same word as speaks above. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Num 24:4 | נְאֻ֕ם שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵי־אֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַחֲזֵ֤ה שַׁדַּי֙ יֶֽחֱזֶ֔ה נֹפֵ֖ל וּגְל֥וּי עֵינָֽיִם׃ |
And he who heard the sayings of God, Who saw a vision from the Almighty, Who fell down and became of unveiled eyes, Pronounces, |
pronounces: as declares in the previous verse. |
| Num 24:5 | מַה־טֹּ֥בוּ אֹהָלֶ֖יךָ יַעֲקֹ֑ב מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
‘How fair are your tents, Jacob! Your dwellings, Israel! |
dwellings ← tabernacles. |
| Num 24:6 | כִּנְחָלִ֣ים נִטָּ֔יוּ כְּגַנֹּ֖ת עֲלֵ֣י נָהָ֑ר כַּאֲהָלִים֙ נָטַ֣ע יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲרָזִ֖ים עֲלֵי־מָֽיִם׃ |
They are spread out like brooks, Like gardens at the river, Like aloes which the Lord planted, Like cedars at water. |
|
| Num 24:7 | יִֽזַּל־מַ֙יִם֙ מִדָּ֣לְיָ֔ו וְזַרְע֖וֹ בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְיָרֹ֤ם מֵֽאֲגַג֙ מַלְכּ֔וֹ וְתִנַּשֵּׂ֖א מַלְכֻתֽוֹ׃ |
He will distil water from his buckets, And his seed will be among much water. And his king will be exalted above Agag, And his kingdom will be set high up. |
buckets: pointed as a dual form. |
| Num 24:8 | אֵ֚ל מוֹצִיא֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם כְּתוֹעֲפֹ֥ת רְאֵ֖ם ל֑וֹ יֹאכַ֞ל גּוֹיִ֣ם צָרָ֗יו וְעַצְמֹתֵיהֶ֛ם יְגָרֵ֖ם וְחִצָּ֥יו יִמְחָֽץ׃ |
The God who brought him out of Egypt, Who has strength like that of a buffalo, Will consume the nations which are his adversaries. He will gnaw their bones, And with his arrows he will pierce them. |
strength: see Num 23:22.
gnaw: AV differs (break). |
| Num 24:9 | כָּרַ֨ע שָׁכַ֧ב כַּאֲרִ֛י וּכְלָבִ֖יא מִ֣י יְקִימֶ֑נּוּ מְבָרֲכֶ֣יךָ בָר֔וּךְ וְאֹרְרֶ֖יךָ אָרֽוּר׃ |
He crouches and lies down Like a young lion, And like a great lion, Who would arouse him? Those who bless you are blessed, But those who curse you are cursed.’ ” |
he crouches (etc.): compare Gen 49:9.
those who bless you (etc.): compare Gen 27:29. |
| Num 24:10 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיִּסְפֹּ֖ק אֶת־כַּפָּ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בָּלָ֜ק אֶל־בִּלְעָ֗ם לָקֹ֤ב אֹֽיְבַי֙ קְרָאתִ֔יךָ וְהִנֵּה֙ בֵּרַ֣כְתָּ בָרֵ֔ךְ זֶ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃ | At this Balak's anger was kindled against Balaam, and he struck his hands together, and Balak said to Balaam, “I called for you to curse my enemies, and what you have done is you have thoroughly blessed them these three times. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
Balaam (2x): see Num 22:5. and what you have done is ← and behold. you have thoroughly blessed: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 24:11 | וְעַתָּ֖ה בְּרַח־לְךָ֣ אֶל־מְקוֹמֶ֑ךָ אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ כַּבֵּ֣ד אֲכַבֶּדְךָ֔ וְהִנֵּ֛ה מְנָעֲךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּבֽוֹד׃ | So now, get away to your place. I said I would honour you greatly, and look, the Lord has held honour back from you.” |
honour you greatly: infinitive absolute.
held honour back from you ← held you back from honour. |
| Num 24:12 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בִּלְעָ֖ם אֶל־בָּלָ֑ק הֲלֹ֗א גַּ֧ם אֶל־מַלְאָכֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥חְתָּ אֵלַ֖י דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not expressly speak to your messengers that you sent to me and say, |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
expressly ← also, but the semantic scope is wider. |
| Num 24:13 | אִם־יִתֶּן־לִ֨י בָלָ֜ק מְלֹ֣א בֵיתוֹ֮ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָב֒ לֹ֣א אוּכַ֗ל לַעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת טוֹבָ֛ה א֥וֹ רָעָ֖ה מִלִּבִּ֑י אֲשֶׁר־יְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ | ‘Even if Balak gives me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot transgress the word of the Lord – by doing good or bad from my heart – but that which the Lord says, I will say.’ |
word ← mouth.
by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Num 24:14 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנְנִ֥י הוֹלֵ֖ךְ לְעַמִּ֑י לְכָה֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֜ה הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֛ה לְעַמְּךָ֖ בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And now, here I am, I am going to my people. Come, and I will inform you what this people will do to your people in the latter days.” |
here I am ← behold me.
inform: [AnLx] has instruct. The usual meaning is advise, counsel. |
| Num 24:15 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נְאֻ֤ם בִּלְעָם֙ בְּנ֣וֹ בְעֹ֔ר וּנְאֻ֥ם הַגֶּ֖בֶר שְׁתֻ֥ם הָעָֽיִן׃ |
And he delivered his discourse and said,
“Balaam the son of Beor speaks, And the man who has an open eye declares, |
Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 24:16 | נְאֻ֗ם שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אִמְרֵי־אֵ֔ל וְיֹדֵ֖עַ דַּ֣עַת עֶלְי֑וֹן מַחֲזֵ֤ה שַׁדַּי֙ יֶֽחֱזֶ֔ה נֹפֵ֖ל וּגְל֥וּי עֵינָֽיִם׃ |
And he who heard the sayings of God, And who is party to the knowledge of the Most High, Who saw a vision of the Almighty, Who fell down and became of unveiled eyes, Pronounces, |
is party to ← knows. |
| Num 24:17 | אֶרְאֶ֙נּוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א עַתָּ֔ה אֲשׁוּרֶ֖נּוּ וְלֹ֣א קָר֑וֹב דָּרַ֨ךְ כּוֹכָ֜ב מִֽיַּעֲקֹ֗ב וְקָ֥ם שֵׁ֙בֶט֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמָחַץ֙ פַּאֲתֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְקַרְקַ֖ר כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵֽׁת׃ |
‘I will see him, but not now; I will look upon him, but not shortly. A star from Jacob will set foot here, And a sceptre will arise from Israel Which will dash the quarters of Moab And overturn all the sons of Seth. |
overturn: infinitive absolute (pilpel of קוּר) in the role of a finite verb.
Seth: see Gen 4:25. But here, AV= Sheth. |
| Num 24:18 | וְהָיָ֨ה אֱד֜וֹם יְרֵשָׁ֗ה וְהָיָ֧ה יְרֵשָׁ֛ה שֵׂעִ֖יר אֹיְבָ֑יו וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹ֥שֶׂה חָֽיִל׃ |
And Edom will become an inheritance, And an inheritance for its enemies Is what Seir will become When Israel acts valiantly. |
|
| Num 24:19 | וְיֵ֖רְדְּ מִֽיַּעֲקֹ֑ב וְהֶֽאֱבִ֥יד שָׂרִ֖יד מֵעִֽיר׃ |
And he who is from Jacob will have dominion And will destroy anyone who escapes from the city.’ ” |
|
| Num 24:20 | וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֔ק וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רֵאשִׁ֤ית גּוֹיִם֙ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וְאַחֲרִית֖וֹ עֲדֵ֥י אֹבֵֽד׃ |
And when he saw Amalek, he delivered his discourse and said,
“Amalek is the foremost of the nations, But his final state is to perish.” |
to perish ← up to perishing. |
| Num 24:21 | וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־הַקֵּינִ֔י וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֵיתָן֙ מֽוֹשָׁבֶ֔ךָ וְשִׂ֥ים בַּסֶּ֖לַע קִנֶּֽךָ׃ |
And when he saw the Kenite, he delivered his discourse and said,
“Your habitation is firm, And you have situated your nest on the rock. |
|
| Num 24:22 | כִּ֥י אִם־יִהְיֶ֖ה לְבָ֣עֵֽר קָ֑יִן עַד־מָ֖ה אַשּׁ֥וּר תִּשְׁבֶּֽךָּ׃ |
Yet the Kenite is destined to be burnt up Until Assyria takes you captive.” |
Kenite ← Cain.
to be burnt up ← to burn up. |
| Num 24:23 | וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר א֕וֹי מִ֥י יִחְיֶ֖ה מִשֻּׂמ֥וֹ אֵֽל׃ |
And he delivered his discourse and said,
“Woe to him who is living When God brings it about. |
|
| Num 24:24 | וְצִים֙ מִיַּ֣ד כִּתִּ֔ים וְעִנּ֥וּ אַשּׁ֖וּר וְעִנּוּ־עֵ֑בֶר וְגַם־ה֖וּא עֲדֵ֥י אֹבֵֽד׃ |
And ships will come from the Chittim, And they will afflict Assyria, And they will afflict Eber, But he who does this is also destined to perish.” |
from ← from the hand / side of.
Eber: i.e. the Hebrews. destined to perish ← up to perishing. |
| Num 24:25 | וַיָּ֣קָם בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיָּ֣שָׁב לִמְקֹמ֑וֹ וְגַם־בָּלָ֖ק הָלַ֥ךְ לְדַרְכּֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Balaam got up and departed, and he returned to his place, and Balak too went his way. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 25:1 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּשִּׁטִּ֑ים וַיָּ֣חֶל הָעָ֔ם לִזְנ֖וֹת אֶל־בְּנ֥וֹת מוֹאָֽב׃ | And Israel stayed in Shittim, but the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab, | |
| Num 25:2 | וַתִּקְרֶ֣אןָ לָעָ֔ם לְזִבְחֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אכַל הָעָ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃ | and these women called the people to the sacrifices to their gods, and the people ate them, and they worshipped their gods. |
these women ← they (feminine verbal form).
to their gods ← of their gods. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 25:3 | וַיִּצָּ֥מֶד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Israel adhered to Baal-Peor, and the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel. | |
| Num 25:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַ֚ח אֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הָעָ֔ם וְהוֹקַ֥ע אוֹתָ֛ם לַיהוָ֖ה נֶ֣גֶד הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְיָשֹׁ֛ב חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהוָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Take all the leaders of the people and hang them up before the Lord in the sun, so that the fury of the Lord's anger may recede from Israel.” | leaders ← heads. We take the sense as leaders here, avoiding the ambiguity of the word head in the present context. |
| Num 25:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־שֹׁפְטֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִרְגוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֲנָשָׁ֔יו הַנִּצְמָדִ֖ים לְבַ֥עַל פְּעֽוֹר׃ | Then Moses said to the judges of Israel, “Let each one execute the men under his jurisdiction who adhered to Baal-Peor.” | the men under his jurisdiction ← his men. |
| Num 25:6 | וְהִנֵּ֡ה אִישׁ֩ מִבְּנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בָּ֗א וַיַּקְרֵ֤ב אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֔ית לְעֵינֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהֵ֣מָּה בֹכִ֔ים פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And there was a man of the sons of Israel who came and brought a Midianite woman to his brothers, in the sight of Moses and in the sight of the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, who were weeping at the entrance to the tent of contact. | there was ← behold. |
| Num 25:7 | וַיַּ֗רְא פִּֽינְחָס֙ בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה וַיִּקַּ֥ח רֹ֖מַח בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he arose from the midst of the congregation, taking a spear in his hand, |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 25:8 | וַ֠יָּבֹא אַחַ֨ר אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־הַקֻּבָּ֗ה וַיִּדְקֹר֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֚ת אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־קֳבָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּֽעָצַר֙ הַמַּגֵּפָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and he went after the man of Israel into the vaulted tent and thrust both of them through – the man of Israel, and the woman, in her belly – and the plague on the sons of Israel ceased. | on the sons of Israel ceased ← was stopped from on the sons of Israel. |
| Num 25:9 | וַיִּהְי֕וּ הַמֵּתִ֖ים בַּמַּגֵּפָ֑ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ פ | Now those who died in the plague came to twenty-four thousand. | came to ← were. |
| Num 25:10 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 25:11 | פִּֽינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֜ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הֵשִׁ֤יב אֶת־חֲמָתִי֙ מֵעַ֣ל בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּקַנְא֥וֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִ֖י בְּתוֹכָ֑ם וְלֹא־כִלִּ֥יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקִנְאָתִֽי׃ | “Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, turned my fury back from the sons of Israel, when he was zealous with my zeal in their midst, so that I did not make an end of the sons of Israel in my zeal. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 25:12 | לָכֵ֖ן אֱמֹ֑ר הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן ל֛וֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Therefore say, ‘Behold, I am giving him my covenant of peace. | |
| Num 25:13 | וְהָ֤יְתָה לּוֹ֙ וּלְזַרְע֣וֹ אַחֲרָ֔יו בְּרִ֖ית כְּהֻנַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִנֵּא֙ לֵֽאלֹהָ֔יו וַיְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he and his seed after him will have the covenant of an age-abiding priesthood, because he was zealous for his God, and he made atonement for the sons of Israel.’ ” | atonement for ← atonement on. |
| Num 25:14 | וְשֵׁם֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמֻּכֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֻכָּה֙ אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֔ית זִמְרִ֖י בֶּן־סָל֑וּא נְשִׂ֥יא בֵֽית־אָ֖ב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי׃ | And the name of the man of Israel who was struck down – who was struck down with the Midianite woman – was Zimri the son of Salu, a leader of the Simeonite paternal house. | |
| Num 25:15 | וְשֵׁ֨ם הָֽאִשָּׁ֧ה הַמֻּכָּ֛ה הַמִּדְיָנִ֖ית כָּזְבִּ֣י בַת־צ֑וּר רֹ֣אשׁ אֻמּ֥וֹת בֵּֽית־אָ֛ב בְּמִדְיָ֖ן הֽוּא׃ פ | And the name of the Midianite woman who was struck down was Cozbi the daughter of Zur, who was head of the nations of his paternal house in Midian. | |
| Num 25:16 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 25:17 | צָר֖וֹר אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֑ים וְהִכִּיתֶ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | “Be hostile to the Midianites and strike them down, | be hostile: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Num 25:18 | כִּ֣י צֹרְרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לָכֶ֔ם בְּנִכְלֵיהֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִכְּל֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וְעַל־דְּבַ֞ר כָּזְבִּ֨י בַת־נְשִׂ֤יא מִדְיָן֙ אֲחֹתָ֔ם הַמֻּכָּ֥ה בְיוֹם־הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֽוֹר׃ | for they are hostile to you, in their deceit with which they were deceitful to you in the matter of Peor and in the matter of Cozbi the daughter of the leader of Midian, their sister who was struck down on the day of the plague in the matter of Peor.” | deceit ← deceits. |
| Num 25:19 | וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה פ | And it came to pass after the plague, | This clause is incorporated in Num 26:1 in some editions of the Hebrew and in the AV. |
| Num 26:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאֶ֧ל אֶלְעָזָ֛ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֥ן הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | that the Lord spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, and he said, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 26:2 | שְׂא֞וּ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ ׀ כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה וָמַ֖עְלָה לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Hold a census of the whole congregation of the sons of Israel from twenty years old and above, according to their paternal house – everyone who could serve in the army in Israel.” |
hold a census ← take the head / sum.
who could serve in the army: see Num 1:3. |
| Num 26:3 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֹתָ֖ם בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | So Moses and Eleazar the priest addressed them in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho, and he said, |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Jordan at ← Jordan of. Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 26:4 | מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | “From twenty years old and above, as the Lord commanded Moses and the sons of Israel who came out of the land of Egypt.” | |
| Num 26:5 | רְאוּבֵ֖ן בְּכ֣וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֗ן חֲנוֹךְ֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַחֲנֹכִ֔י לְפַלּ֕וּא מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפַּלֻּאִֽי׃ | For Reuben the firstborn of Israel: the sons of Reuben were Hanoch with the family of the Hanochites, and belonging to Pallu, the family of the Palluites, | Hanoch ... Hanochites ← Hanochite. Collective usage, and so throughout the chapter. On the name itself, see Gen 25:4. |
| Num 26:6 | לְחֶצְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶצְרוֹנִ֑י לְכַרְמִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַכַּרְמִֽי׃ | and belonging to Hezron, the family of the Hezronites, and belonging to Carmi, the family of the Carmites. | |
| Num 26:7 | אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֑י וַיִּהְי֣וּ פְקֻדֵיהֶ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ | Those were the families of the Reubenites, and those of them counted came to forty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty. | came to ← were. |
| Num 26:8 | וּבְנֵ֥י פַלּ֖וּא אֱלִיאָֽב׃ | And the sons of Pallu were Eliab and his line. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| Num 26:9 | וּבְנֵ֣י אֱלִיאָ֔ב נְמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָתָ֣ן וַאֲבִירָ֑ם הֽוּא־דָתָ֨ן וַאֲבִירָ֜ם *קרואי **קְרִיאֵ֣י הָעֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצּ֜וּ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְעַֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ בַּעֲדַת־קֹ֔רַח בְּהַצֹּתָ֖ם עַל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And the sons of Eliab were Nemuel and Dathan and Abiram. These were Dathan and Abiram who were recruited to the company which contended with Moses and Aaron, in the company of Korah, when they contended with the Lord, |
recruited to ← called of. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
company (2x) ← congregation. |
| Num 26:10 | וַתִּפְתַּ֨ח הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־פִּ֗יהָ וַתִּבְלַ֥ע אֹתָ֛ם וְאֶת־קֹ֖רַח בְּמ֣וֹת הָעֵדָ֑ה בַּאֲכֹ֣ל הָאֵ֗שׁ אֵ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּמָאתַ֙יִם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּהְי֖וּ לְנֵֽס׃ | and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, with Korah in the death of the company, when the fire consumed the two hundred and fifty men, and they became a warning sign. | company ← congregation. |
| Num 26:11 | וּבְנֵי־קֹ֖רַח לֹא־מֵֽתוּ׃ ס | But the sons of Korah did not die. | |
| Num 26:12 | בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְעוֹן֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִנְמוּאֵ֗ל מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַנְּמ֣וּאֵלִ֔י לְיָמִ֕ין מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּמִינִ֑י לְיָכִ֕ין מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּכִינִֽי׃ | The sons of Simeon according to their families were: belonging to Nemuel was the family of the Nemuelites, belonging to Jamin was the family of the Jaminites, belonging to Jachin was the family of the Jachinites, | |
| Num 26:13 | לְזֶ֕רַח מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַזַּרְחִ֑י לְשָׁא֕וּל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁאוּלִֽי׃ | belonging to Zerah was the family of the Zarhites, and belonging to Saul was the family of the Saulites. | Saul ... Saulites ← Shaul ... Shaulites, or better Sha'ul ... Sha'ulites. AV= Shaul ... Shaulites. See Gen 46:10. |
| Num 26:14 | אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַשִּׁמְעֹנִ֑י שְׁנַ֧יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ ס | Those were the families of the Simeonites; they came to twenty-two thousand two hundred. | |
| Num 26:15 | בְּנֵ֣י גָד֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִצְפ֗וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַצְּפוֹנִ֔י לְחַגִּ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחַגִּ֑י לְשׁוּנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּׁוּנִֽי׃ | The sons of Gad according to their families were: belonging to Zephon was the family of the Zephonites, belonging to Haggi was the family of the Haggites, belonging to Shuni was the family of the Shunites, | |
| Num 26:16 | לְאָזְנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאָזְנִ֑י לְעֵרִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָעֵרִֽי׃ | belonging to Ozni was the family of the Oznites, belonging to Eri was the family of the Erites, | |
| Num 26:17 | לַאֲר֕וֹד מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאֲרוֹדִ֑י לְאַ֨רְאֵלִ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאַרְאֵלִֽי׃ | belonging to Arod was the family of the Arodites, and belonging to Areli was the family of the Arelites. | |
| Num 26:18 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־גָ֖ד לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of the sons of Gad according to those of them counted; they came to forty thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 26:19 | בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עֵ֣ר וְאוֹנָ֑ן וַיָּ֥מָת עֵ֛ר וְאוֹנָ֖ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | The sons of Judah were Er and Onan, but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. | |
| Num 26:20 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־יְהוּדָה֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְשֵׁלָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַשֵּׁ֣לָנִ֔י לְפֶ֕רֶץ מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפַּרְצִ֑י לְזֶ֕רַח מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַזַּרְחִֽי׃ | And the sons of Judah according to their families were: belonging to Shelah was the family of the Shelanites, belonging to Perez was the family of the Parzites, and belonging to Zerah was the family of the Zarhites. |
Perez: see Gen 38:29.
Parzites: AV= Pharzites. |
| Num 26:21 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־פֶ֔רֶץ לְחֶצְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶצְרֹנִ֑י לְחָמ֕וּל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הֶחָמוּלִֽי׃ | And the sons of Perez were: belonging to Hezron was the family of the Hezronites, and belonging to Hamul was the family of the Hamulites. | Perez: see Gen 38:29. |
| Num 26:22 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שִׁשָּׁ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of Judah according to those of them counted; they came to seventy-six thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 26:23 | בְּנֵ֤י יִשָּׂשכָר֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם תּוֹלָ֕ע מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַתּוֹלָעִ֑י לְפֻוָ֕ה מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפּוּנִֽי׃ | The sons of Issachar according to their families were: belonging to Tola was the family of the Tolaites, belonging to Puvvah was the family of the Punites, | Puvvah ← Puvah here, but Puvvah in Gen 46:13, with which we align it here. AV= Pua here. See Gen 46:13 and 1 Chr 7:1, which have different Hebrew spellings. |
| Num 26:24 | לְיָשׁ֕וּב מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּשׁוּבִ֑י לְשִׁמְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁמְרֹנִֽי׃ | belonging to Jashub was the family of the Jashubites, and belonging to Shimron was the family of the Shimronites. | |
| Num 26:25 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of Issachar according to those of them counted; they came to sixty-four thousand three hundred. | |
| Num 26:26 | בְּנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻן֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְסֶ֗רֶד מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַסַּרְדִּ֔י לְאֵל֕וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאֵלֹנִ֑י לְיַ֨חְלְאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיַּחְלְאֵלִֽי׃ | The sons of Zebulun according to their families were: belonging to Sered was the family of the Sardites, belonging to Elon was the family of the Elonites, and belonging to Jahleel was the family of the Jahleelites. | |
| Num 26:27 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַזְּבוּלֹנִ֖י לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of the Zebulunites according to those of them counted; they came to sixty thousand five hundred. | |
| Num 26:28 | בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | The sons of Joseph according to their families were Manasseh and Ephraim. | |
| Num 26:29 | בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לְמָכִיר֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמָּכִירִ֔י וּמָכִ֖יר הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־גִּלְעָ֑ד לְגִלְעָ֕ד מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַגִּלְעָדִֽי׃ | The sons of Manasseh were: belonging to Machir was the family of the Machirites, and Machir begot Gilead, and belonging to Gilead was the family of the Gileadites. |
|| 1 Chr 2:23.
Gilead ... Gilead ... Gileadites: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 26:30 | אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד אִיעֶ֕זֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאִֽיעֶזְרִ֑י לְחֵ֕לֶק מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶלְקִֽי׃ | These were the sons of Gilead: belonging to Jiezer was the family of the Jiezrites, belonging to Helek was the family of the Helekites, |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jiezer ... Jiezrites: AV= Jeezer ... Jeezerites not recognizing the hireq. |
| Num 26:31 | וְאַ֨שְׂרִיאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאַשְׂרִֽאֵלִ֑י וְשֶׁ֕כֶם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁכְמִֽי׃ | belonging to Asriel was the family of the Asrielites, belonging to Shechem was the family of the Shichmites, | Shichmites: AV= Shechemites, which conforms the demonym to the progenitor and toponym, but which is not AV's usual practice; see Num 26:49. |
| Num 26:32 | וּשְׁמִידָ֕ע מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשְּׁמִידָעִ֑י וְחֵ֕פֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶפְרִֽי׃ | belonging to Shemida was the family of the Shemidaites, and belonging to Hepher was the family of the Hepherites. | |
| Num 26:33 | וּצְלָפְחָ֣ד בֶּן־חֵ֗פֶר לֹא־הָ֥יוּ ל֛וֹ בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וְשֵׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָ֔ד מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה׃ | Now Zelophehad the son of Hepher did not have any sons – only daughters – and the names of the daughters of Zelophehad were Mahlah and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah and Tirzah. |
|| 1 Chr 7:15.
Zelophehad (2x) ← Zelophhad, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Noah: a very different Hebrew spelling to the Noah of Noah's ark (Gen 5:29). |
| Num 26:34 | אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of Manasseh, and those of them counted came to fifty-two thousand seven hundred. | |
| Num 26:35 | אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְשׁוּתֶ֗לַח מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַשֻּׁ֣תַלְחִ֔י לְבֶ֕כֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַבַּכְרִ֑י לְתַ֕חַן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽתַּחֲנִֽי׃ | These were the sons of Ephraim according to their families: belonging to Shuthelah was the family of the Shuthalhites, belonging to Becher was the family of the Bachrites, and belonging to Tahan was the family of the Tahanites. | || 1 Chr 7:20. |
| Num 26:36 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י שׁוּתָ֑לַח לְעֵרָ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָעֵרָנִֽי׃ | These were the sons of Shuthelah: belonging to Eran was the family of the Eranites. | |
| Num 26:37 | אֵ֣לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֤ת בְּנֵי־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ לִפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ ס | Those were the families of the sons of Ephraim according to those of them counted; they came to thirty-two thousand five hundred. Those were the sons of Joseph according to their families. | |
| Num 26:38 | בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִן֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְבֶ֗לַע מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַבַּלְעִ֔י לְאַשְׁבֵּ֕ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאַשְׁבֵּלִ֑י לַאֲחִירָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאֲחִירָמִֽי׃ | The sons of Benjamin according to their families were: belonging to Bela was the family of the Belaites, belonging to Ashbel was the family of the Ashbelites, belonging to Ahiram was the family of the Ahiramites, | || 1 Chr 8:1. |
| Num 26:39 | לִשְׁפוּפָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּׁוּפָמִ֑י לְחוּפָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַחוּפָמִֽי׃ | belonging to Shephupham was the family of the Shuphamites, and belonging to Hupham was the family of the Huphamites. | Shephupham: AV= Shupham, with LXX, Vulgate, Syriac, Targum, but not MT [BHS-CA]. |
| Num 26:40 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־בֶ֖לַע אַ֣רְדְּ וְנַעֲמָ֑ן מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הָֽאַרְדִּ֔י לְנַֽעֲמָ֔ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽנַּעֲמִֽי׃ | And the sons of Bela were Ard and Naaman. Belonging to Ard was the family of the Ardites, and belonging to Naaman was the family of the Naamanites. | |
| Num 26:41 | אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the sons of Benjamin according to their families, and those of them counted came to forty-five thousand six hundred. | |
| Num 26:42 | אֵ֤לֶּה בְנֵי־דָן֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לְשׁוּחָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּׁוּחָמִ֑י אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת דָּ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | These were the sons of Dan according to their families: belonging to Shuham was the family of the Shuhamites. Those were the families of Dan according to their families. | |
| Num 26:43 | כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַשּׁוּחָמִ֖י לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | All the families of the Shuhamites according to those of them counted came to sixty-four thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 26:44 | בְּנֵ֣י אָשֵׁר֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְיִמְנָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַיִּמְנָ֔ה לְיִשְׁוִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיִּשְׁוִ֑י לִבְרִיעָ֕ה מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַבְּרִיעִֽי׃ | The sons of Asher according to their families were: belonging to Jimnah was the family of the Jimnites, belonging to Jishvi was the family of the Jishvites, and belonging to Beriah was the family of the Beriites. |
|| Gen 46:17, 1 Chr 7:30.
Jimnah: AV= Jimna, but Jimnah in Gen 46:17. Jimna ignores the final hé. Jishvi ... Jishvites: AV= Jesui ... Jesuites, but in Gen 46:17 Ishvi. Jesui has a vowel error, a sin for a shin, and it does not recognize the consonantal vav. |
| Num 26:45 | לִבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה לְחֶ֕בֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶבְרִ֑י לְמַ֨לְכִּיאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמַּלְכִּיאֵלִֽי׃ | Of the sons of Beriah were: belonging to Heber was the family of the Hebrites, and belonging to Malchiel was the family of the Malchielites. |
|| Gen 46:17, 1 Chr 7:31.
Hebrites: AV= Heberites, which conforms the demonym to the progenitor, but which is not AV's usual practice; see Num 26:49. |
| Num 26:46 | וְשֵׁ֥ם בַּת־אָשֵׁ֖ר שָֽׂרַח׃ | And the name of Asher's daughter was Sarah. | Sarah: a different word than the Sarah of Gen 17:15 (heth, not hé). |
| Num 26:47 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לִפְקֻדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | Those were the families of the sons of Asher according to those of them counted; they came to fifty-three thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 26:48 | בְּנֵ֤י נַפְתָּלִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לְיַ֨חְצְאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיַּחְצְאֵלִ֑י לְגוּנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַגּוּנִֽי׃ | The sons of Naphtali according to their families were: belonging to Jahzeel was the family of the Jahzeelites, belonging to Guni was the family of the Gunites, | || 1 Chr 7:13. |
| Num 26:49 | לְיֵ֕צֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיִּצְרִ֑י לְשִׁלֵּ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁלֵּמִֽי׃ | belonging to Jezer was the family of the Jizrites, and belonging to Shillem was the family of the Shillemites. | Jizrites: AV= Jezerites, which conforms the demonym to the progenitor, but which is not AV's usual practice (e.g. Zarhites, Sardites, Shuthalhites, Bachrites). |
| Num 26:50 | אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ | Those were the families of Naphtali according to their families, and those of them counted came to forty-five thousand four hundred. | |
| Num 26:51 | אֵ֗לֶּה פְּקוּדֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף וָאָ֑לֶף שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ פ | These were those who were counted of the sons of Israel and they came to six hundred and one thousand seven hundred and thirty. | |
| Num 26:52 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 26:53 | לָאֵ֗לֶּה תֵּחָלֵ֥ק הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר שֵׁמֽוֹת׃ | “To these the land will be divided, with an inheritance according to the number of names. | |
| Num 26:54 | לָרַ֗ב תַּרְבֶּה֙ נַחֲלָת֔וֹ וְלַמְעַ֕ט תַּמְעִ֖יט נַחֲלָת֑וֹ אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י פְקֻדָ֔יו יֻתַּ֖ן נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | To a large number you will give them a large inheritance, and to a small number you will give them a small inheritance. Each tribe will be given its inheritance according to those of it counted. |
give them a large inheritance ← increase his inheritance.
give them a small inheritance ← reduce his inheritance. |
| Num 26:55 | אַךְ־בְּגוֹרָ֕ל יֵחָלֵ֖ק אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ לִשְׁמ֥וֹת מַטּוֹת־אֲבֹתָ֖ם יִנְחָֽלוּ׃ | But by lot the land will be divided; they will inherit according to the names of the tribes of their fathers. | |
| Num 26:56 | עַל־פִּי֙ הַגּוֹרָ֔ל תֵּחָלֵ֖ק נַחֲלָת֑וֹ בֵּ֥ין רַ֖ב לִמְעָֽט׃ ס | According to lot their inheritance will be apportioned, between the many and the few.” |
according to lot ← according to the lot.
apportioned ← divided. |
| Num 26:57 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֣י הַלֵּוִי֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְגֵרְשׁ֗וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֙חַת֙ הַגֵּ֣רְשֻׁנִּ֔י לִקְהָ֕ת מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַקְּהָתִ֑י לִמְרָרִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמְּרָרִֽי׃ | And these were those counted of the Levites according to their families: belonging to Gershon was the family of the Gershonites, belonging to Kohath was the family of the Kohathites, and belonging to Merari was the family of the Merarites. | Kohath ... Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 26:58 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת לֵוִ֗י מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת הַלִּבְנִ֜י מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַֽחֶבְרֹנִי֙ מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַמַּחְלִי֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמּוּשִׁ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַקָּרְחִ֑י וּקְהָ֖ת הוֹלִ֥ד אֶת־עַמְרָֽם׃ | These were the families of Levi: the family of Libnites, the family of Hebronites, the family of Mahlites, the family of Mushites, and the family of Korhites. And Kohath begot Amram. |
Korhites: AV= Korathites, with an intrusive t, but often elsewhere Korhites.
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Num 26:59 | וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת עַמְרָ֗ם יוֹכֶ֙בֶד֙ בַּת־לֵוִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֥ה אֹתָ֛הּ לְלֵוִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֣לֶד לְעַמְרָ֗ם אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת מִרְיָ֥ם אֲחֹתָֽם׃ | And the name of the wife of Amram was Jochebed, the daughter of Levi, whom her mother bore to Levi in Egypt. And she bore to Amram Aaron and Moses and Miriam their sister. | || 1 Chr 5:29 (1 Chr 6:3AV). |
| Num 26:60 | וַיִּוָּלֵ֣ד לְאַהֲרֹ֔ן אֶת־נָדָ֖ב וְאֶת־אֲבִיה֑וּא אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאֶת־אִיתָמָֽר׃ | And there were born to Aaron Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 26:61 | וַיָּ֥מָת נָדָ֖ב וַאֲבִיה֑וּא בְּהַקְרִיבָ֥ם אֵשׁ־זָרָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | but Nadab and Abihu died when they offered strange fire before the Lord. | |
| Num 26:62 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ פְקֻדֵיהֶ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף כָּל־זָכָ֖ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֣דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֣א הָתְפָּקְד֗וּ בְּתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֠י לֹא־נִתַּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ נַחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And those of them counted came to twenty-three thousand – all the males from one month old and above – for they are not counted among the sons of Israel, for no inheritance was given to them among the sons of Israel. | came to ← were. |
| Num 26:63 | אֵ֚לֶּה פְּקוּדֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּֽקְד֜וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ | These were those counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who counted the sons of Israel in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Jordan at ← Jordan of. Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 26:64 | וּבְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה אִ֔ישׁ מִפְּקוּדֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקְד֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | And among these there was not a man of those counted by Moses and Aaron the priest, when they counted the sons of Israel in the Sinai Desert. | |
| Num 26:65 | כִּֽי־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם מ֥וֹת יָמֻ֖תוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֤ר מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ ס | For the Lord had said of them, “They will certainly die in the desert.” And there did not remain a single man of them, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun. | they will certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 27:1 | וַתִּקְרַ֜בְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָ֗ד בֶּן־חֵ֤פֶר בֶּן־גִּלְעָד֙ בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בֶן־יוֹסֵ֑ף וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֹתָ֔יו מַחְלָ֣ה נֹעָ֔ה וְחָגְלָ֥ה וּמִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה׃ | Then the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh – so of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph – approached, and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah and Hoglah and Milcah and Tirzah. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 27:2 | וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֜דְנָה לִפְנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֗ה וְלִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֥י הַנְּשִׂיאִ֖ם וְכָל־הָעֵדָ֑ה פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they stood before Moses and Eleazar the priest, and before the officials and the whole congregation at the entrance to the tent of contact, and they said, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 27:3 | אָבִינוּ֮ מֵ֣ת בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ וְה֨וּא לֹא־הָיָ֜ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעֵדָ֗ה הַנּוֹעָדִ֛ים עַל־יְהוָ֖ה בַּעֲדַת־קֹ֑רַח כִּֽי־בְחֶטְא֣וֹ מֵ֔ת וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־הָ֥יוּ לֽוֹ׃ | “Our father died in the desert, but he was not among the company which gathered against the Lord in Korah's company, for he died in his own sin, and he had no sons. | company (2x): or congregation. |
| Num 27:4 | לָ֣מָּה יִגָּרַ֤ע שֵׁם־אָבִ֙ינוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ בֵּ֑ן תְּנָה־לָּ֣נוּ אֲחֻזָּ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֥י אָבִֽינוּ׃ | Why should the name of our father be suppressed among his family because he had no son? Give us a possession among our father's brothers.” | |
| Num 27:5 | וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטָ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then Moses brought their case before the Lord. | |
| Num 27:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 27:7 | כֵּ֗ן בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָד֮ דֹּבְרֹת֒ נָתֹ֨ן תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת נַחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֣י אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ֛ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ן לָהֶֽן׃ | “Zelophehad's daughters speak rightly. You must certainly give them a possession as an inheritance among their father's brothers, and you will transfer their father's inheritance to them. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
you must certainly give them: infinitive absolute. possession as ← possession of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 27:8 | וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ כִּֽי־יָמ֗וּת וּבֵן֙ אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְהַֽעֲבַרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְבִתּֽוֹ׃ | And you will speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘If a man dies and has no son, you will transfer his inheritance to his daughter. | |
| Num 27:9 | וְאִם־אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ בַּ֑ת וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְאֶחָיו׃ | And if he has no daughter, then you will give his inheritance to his brothers. | |
| Num 27:10 | וְאִם־אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ אַחִ֑ים וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לַאֲחֵ֥י אָבִֽיו׃ | And if he has no brothers, you will give his inheritance to his father's brothers. | |
| Num 27:11 | וְאִם־אֵ֣ין אַחִים֮ לְאָבִיו֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֣ם אֶת־נַחֲלָת֗וֹ לִשְׁאֵר֞וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֵלָ֛יו מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ וְיָרַ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑הּ וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְחֻקַּ֣ת מִשְׁפָּ֔ט כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | And if his father has no brothers, you will give his inheritance to the nearest kinsman to him, in his family, and he will inherit it, and it will be a statute of the justice system for the sons of Israel, as the Lord commanded Moses.’ ” | |
| Num 27:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עֲלֵ֛ה אֶל־הַ֥ר הָעֲבָרִ֖ים הַזֶּ֑ה וּרְאֵה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Go up into this Mount Abarim, and look at the land which I have given to the sons of Israel, | |
| Num 27:13 | וְרָאִ֣יתָה אֹתָ֔הּ וְנֶאֱסַפְתָּ֥ אֶל־עַמֶּ֖יךָ גַּם־אָ֑תָּה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶאֱסַ֖ף אַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִֽיךָ׃ | and you will see it, and then you will be gathered to your people – you too – as Aaron your brother was gathered, | people ← peoples. |
| Num 27:14 | כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ מְרִיתֶ֨ם פִּ֜י בְּמִדְבַּר־צִ֗ן בִּמְרִיבַת֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה לְהַקְדִּישֵׁ֥נִי בַמַּ֖יִם לְעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם הֵ֛ם מֵֽי־מְרִיבַ֥ת קָדֵ֖שׁ מִדְבַּר־צִֽן׃ פ | because you rebelled against my word in the Desert of Zin, in the rebellion of the congregation, my word being to sanctify me at the water before their eyes – that is the water of Meribah in Kadesh in the Desert of Zin.” |
word ← mouth.
to sanctify me: rather than by sanctifying me, whence the preceding ellipsis supplied. Compare Deut 32:51. Meribah in ← Meribah of. |
| Num 27:15 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Moses spoke to the Lord and said, | |
| Num 27:16 | יִפְקֹ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָרוּחֹ֖ת לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר אִ֖ישׁ עַל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | “Let the Lord God of the spirits of all flesh appoint a man over the congregation | |
| Num 27:17 | אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵ֣א לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹא֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹצִיאֵ֖ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יְבִיאֵ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תִהְיֶה֙ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶֽה׃ | who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will lead them in, so that the congregation of the Lord will not be like sheep who have no shepherd.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 27:18 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַח־לְךָ֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ר֣וּחַ בּ֑וֹ וְסָמַכְתָּ֥ אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Then take Joshua the son of Nun, a man with spirit in him, and lay your hand on him, | then take ← take for yourself. Perhaps an ethic dative; see Num 22:34. |
| Num 27:19 | וְהַֽעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָ֑ה וְצִוִּיתָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before the whole congregation, and command him in their sight. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 27:20 | וְנָתַתָּ֥ה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו לְמַ֣עַן יִשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And confer on him a share of your honour so that the whole congregation of the sons of Israel will obey him. | obey ← heed. |
| Num 27:21 | וְלִפְנֵ֨י אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וְשָׁ֥אַל ל֛וֹ בְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הָאוּרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַל־פִּ֨יו יֵצְא֜וּ וְעַל־פִּ֣יו יָבֹ֗אוּ ה֛וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אִתּ֖וֹ וְכָל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | And he will stand before Eleazar the priest, who will inquire for him oracularly by the decision of the Urim before the Lord. At his word they will go out, and at his word they will come in, he and all the sons of Israel with him, and the whole congregation.” |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
decision ← judgment. Urim ← lights. See Ex 28:30. word (2x) ← mouth. |
| Num 27:22 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיַּֽעֲמִדֵ֙הוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | So Moses did as the Lord commanded him, and he took Joshua, and he set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole congregation. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 27:23 | וַיִּסְמֹ֧ךְ אֶת־יָדָ֛יו עָלָ֖יו וַיְצַוֵּ֑הוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And he laid his hand on him, and he commanded him according to what the Lord had said, through the intermediacy of Moses. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Num 28:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 28:2 | צַ֚ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֶת־קָרְבָּנִ֨י לַחְמִ֜י לְאִשַּׁ֗י רֵ֚יחַ נִֽיחֹחִ֔י תִּשְׁמְר֕וּ לְהַקְרִ֥יב לִ֖י בְּמוֹעֲדֽוֹ׃ | “Command the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘You must ensure to offer my oblation to me in its season – my bread for my fire-offerings as my sweet fragrance.’ |
my oblation: an example of an indirect-objective genitive (they offer to me).
my sweet fragrance: AV differs (a sweet savour). |
| Num 28:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם זֶ֚ה הָֽאִשֶּׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ לַיהוָ֑ה כְּבָשִׂ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֧ה תְמִימִ֛ם שְׁנַ֥יִם לַיּ֖וֹם עֹלָ֥ה תָמִֽיד׃ | And you will say to them, ‘This is the fire-offering which you will offer to the Lord: two one-year-old lambs without blemish per day as a perpetual burnt offering. | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 28:4 | אֶת־הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂ אֶחָ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה בַבֹּ֑קֶר וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֥ין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם׃ | You will offer one lamb in the morning, and you will offer the second lamb in the evening, |
offer (2x) ← do, make.
in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Num 28:5 | וַעֲשִׂירִ֧ית הָאֵיפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת לְמִנְחָ֑ה בְּלוּלָ֛ה בְּשֶׁ֥מֶן כָּתִ֖ית רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין׃ | with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a meal-offering, mixed with a quarter of a hin of beaten oil. |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 28:6 | עֹלַ֖ת תָּמִ֑יד הָעֲשֻׂיָה֙ בְּהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | You will make a perpetual burnt offering as ordained at Mount Sinai as a sweet fragrance of a fire-offering to the Lord, | ordained ← made. |
| Num 28:7 | וְנִסְכּוֹ֙ רְבִיעִ֣ת הַהִ֔ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד בַּקֹּ֗דֶשׁ הַסֵּ֛ךְ נֶ֥סֶךְ שֵׁכָ֖ר לַיהוָֽה׃ | with its libation, a quarter of a hin per lamb. Pour out the libation of strong wine to the Lord in the holy place. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 28:8 | וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַרְבָּ֑יִם כְּמִנְחַ֨ת הַבֹּ֤קֶר וּכְנִסְכּוֹ֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And you will offer the second lamb in the evening. You will offer it like the meal-offering of the morning and like its libation. It is a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord. |
offer (2x) ← do.
in the evening ← between the two evenings. See Ex 12:6. |
| Num 28:9 | וּבְיוֹם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שְׁנֵֽי־כְבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֧לֶת מִנְחָ֛ה בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃ | And on the Sabbath day offer two one-year-old lambs without blemish and two tenth measures of fine flour as a meal-offering, mixed with oil, and its libation – |
without blemish ← perfect.
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 28:10 | עֹלַ֥ת שַׁבַּ֖ת בְּשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ עַל־עֹלַ֥ת הַתָּמִ֖יד וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ ס | a burnt offering on every Sabbath, besides the perpetual burnt offering and its libation. | on every Sabbath ← a Sabbath on its Sabbath. |
| Num 28:11 | וּבְרָאשֵׁי֙ חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ עֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה פָּרִ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֤ר שְׁנַ֙יִם֙ וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֔ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And at the start of your months, you will offer a burnt offering to the Lord: two bull-calves of the oxen, and one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs without blemish, |
start ← starts, heads.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 28:12 | וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַפָּ֖ר הָאֶחָ֑ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לָאַ֖יִל הָֽאֶחָֽד׃ | and three tenth measures of fine flour, as a meal-offering, mixed with oil, per bull, and two tenth measures of fine flour for the meal-offering, mixed with oil, per ram, |
tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
per bull ... per ram ← for the one bull ... for the one ram. |
| Num 28:13 | וְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן עִשָּׂר֗וֹן סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד עֹלָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | and a tenth measure of fine flour each time for the meal-offering, mixed with oil, per lamb. It is a burnt offering of a sweet fragrance – a fire-offering to the Lord. |
a tenth measure ... each time ← a tenth measure, a tenth measure. About 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
per lamb ← for the one lamb. |
| Num 28:14 | וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם חֲצִ֣י הַהִין֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לַפָּ֜ר וּשְׁלִישִׁ֧ת הַהִ֣ין לָאַ֗יִל וּרְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִ֛ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ יָ֑יִן זֹ֣את עֹלַ֥ת חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בְּחָדְשׁ֔וֹ לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ | And their libations will be half a hin of wine per bull, and a third of a hin per ram and a quarter of a hin per lamb. This is the burnt offering of each month throughout the months of the year. |
libations: the Hebrew is plural, but it is constructed with a singular verb.
hin (3x): about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Num 28:15 | וּשְׂעִ֨יר עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֛ד לְחַטָּ֖את לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃ ס | And one buck of the goats will be offered as a sin-offering to the Lord besides the perpetual burnt offering and its libation. | |
| Num 28:16 | וּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ פֶּ֖סַח לַיהוָֽה׃ | And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, it is the Lord's Passover. | |
| Num 28:17 | וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר י֛וֹם לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֖ה חָ֑ג שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵאָכֵֽל׃ | And on the fifteenth day of this month it is a festival. For seven days unleavened bread will be eaten. | |
| Num 28:18 | בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | On the first day it is a holy convocation. You will not engage in any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 28:19 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד וְשִׁבְעָ֤ה כְבָשִׂים֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | And you will offer a fire-offering – a burnt offering to the Lord. You will use two bull-calves of the oxen, and one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs without blemish. |
you will use ← there will be to you.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 28:20 | וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֗ר וּשְׁנֵ֧י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֛ים לָאַ֖יִל תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And their meal-offering will be fine flour mixed with oil. You will offer three tenth measures per bull and two tenth measures per ram. | tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 28:21 | עִשָּׂר֤וֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃ | You will offer a tenth measure each time per lamb, for the seven lambs, |
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
each time: see Num 28:13. |
| Num 28:22 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | and one goat as a sin-offering, to atone for you. | as: wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 28:23 | מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַבֹּ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֑יד תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | You will carry these out apart from the burnt offering in the morning which is the perpetual burnt offering. | in the morning ← of the morning. |
| Num 28:24 | כָּאֵ֜לֶּה תַּעֲשׂ֤וּ לַיּוֹם֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים לֶ֛חֶם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־עוֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃ | You will act according to these instructions each day for seven days, as bread of a fire-offering, as a sweet fragrance to the Lord. It will be done in addition to the perpetual burnt offering and its libation. | a fire-offering, as a sweet fragrance ← a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance. |
| Num 28:25 | וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ ס | And on the seventh day you will hold a holy convocation, and you will not engage in any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 28:26 | וּבְי֣וֹם הַבִּכּוּרִ֗ים בְּהַקְרִ֨יבְכֶ֜ם מִנְחָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּשָׁבֻעֹ֖תֵיכֶ֑ם מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And on the day of the firstfruits, when you offer a new meal-offering to the Lord, on your Festival of Weeks, you will hold a holy convocation, and you will not engage in any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 28:27 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עוֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד שִׁבְעָ֥ה כְבָשִׂ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָֽה׃ | And you will offer a burnt offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord: two bull-calves of the oxen, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, | |
| Num 28:28 | וּמִנְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֔ד שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָאֶחָֽד׃ | with their meal-offering of fine flour mixed with oil: three tenth measures per bull, two tenth measures per ram, | tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 28:29 | עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃ | and one tenth measure each time per lamb for each of the seven lambs, |
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
each time: see Num 28:13. |
| Num 28:30 | שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | and one buck of the goats to atone for you. | |
| Num 28:31 | מִלְּבַ֞ד עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד וּמִנְחָת֖וֹ תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיוּ־לָכֶ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ פ | You will do this apart from the perpetual burnt offering and its meal-offering. You will use animals without blemish with their libations. |
you will use ← there will be to you.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:1 | וּבַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ י֥וֹם תְּרוּעָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you will hold a holy convocation. You will not engage in any kind of work; it will be a day of blowing of ramshorns to you. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 29:2 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And you will perform a burnt offering as a sweet fragrance to the Lord: one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:3 | וּמִנְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵ֥י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֖ים לָאָֽיִל׃ | with their meal-offering of fine flour mixed with oil: three tenth measures per bull, two tenth measures per ram, | tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 29:4 | וְעִשָּׂר֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃ | and one tenth measure per lamb for each of the seven lambs, | tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 29:5 | וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | and one buck of the goats as a sin-offering to atone for you, | |
| Num 29:6 | מִלְּבַד֩ עֹלַ֨ת הַחֹ֜דֶשׁ וּמִנְחָתָ֗הּ וְעֹלַ֤ת הַתָּמִיד֙ וּמִנְחָתָ֔הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | apart from the burnt offering of the month and its meal-offering and the perpetual burnt offering and its meal-offering and their libations according to their regulation, as a sweet fragrance – a fire-offering to the Lord. | |
| Num 29:7 | וּבֶעָשׂוֹר֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And on the tenth day of this seventh month you will hold a holy convocation, and you will afflict yourselves, and you will not do any work. |
yourselves ← your souls.
any ← every. |
| Num 29:8 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָה֙ שִׁבְעָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | And you will offer a burnt offering to the Lord, a sweet fragrance: one bull-calf of the oxen, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs. You will use animals without blemish. |
you will use ← there will be to you.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:9 | וּמִנְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָאֶחָֽד׃ | And their meal-offering will be fine flour mixed with oil: three tenth measures per bull, two tenth measures per ram, | tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 29:10 | עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים׃ | and one tenth measure for each lamb for each of the seven lambs, |
tenth measure: about 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
each lamb ← one lamb, the distributive sense being reinforced in Hebrew by the repetition of “tenth measure”. |
| Num 29:11 | שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַ֞ד חַטַּ֤את הַכִּפֻּרִים֙ וְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ פ | and one buck of the goats as a sin-offering, apart from the sin-offering of the atonement, and the perpetual burnt offering and its meal-offering and their libations. | |
| Num 29:12 | וּבַחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם חַ֛ג לַיהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month you will hold a holy convocation. You will not engage in any kind of work, and you will celebrate the festival to the Lord for seven days. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 29:13 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And you will offer a burnt offering, a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord: thirteen bull-calves of the oxen, two rams and fourteen one-year-old lambs. They will be without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:14 | וּמִנְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֗ד לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ פָּרִ֔ים שְׁנֵ֤י עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לָאַ֣יִל הָֽאֶחָ֔ד לִשְׁנֵ֖י הָאֵילִֽם׃ | and their meal-offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three tenth measures per bull for the thirteen bulls, two tenth measures per ram for each of the two rams, | tenth measure (2x): about 5 pints or 2.7 litres. |
| Num 29:15 | וְעִשָּׂרׄוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר כְּבָשִֽׂים׃ | and a tenth measure for each lamb, for the fourteen lambs, |
a tenth measure: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says it means omit the words. About 5 pints or 2.7 litres.
each: see Num 29:10. |
| Num 29:16 | וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ ס | and one buck of the goats as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:17 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֗י פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the second day, you will offer twelve bull-calves of the oxen, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, |
second day: i.e. of the seven days of Num 29:12.
without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:18 | וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:19 | וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ ס | and one buck of the goats as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and their libations. | |
| Num 29:20 | וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עַשְׁתֵּי־עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the third day, you will offer eleven bulls, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:21 | וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:22 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ ס | and one goat as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:23 | וּבַיּ֧וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עֲשָׂרָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the fourth day, you will offer ten bulls, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:24 | מִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:25 | וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ ס | and one buck of the goats as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:26 | וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים תִּשְׁעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the fifth day, you will offer nine bulls, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:27 | וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:28 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ ס | and one goat as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:29 | וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שְׁמֹנָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the sixth day, you will offer eight bulls, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:30 | וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:31 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וּנְסָכֶֽיהָ׃ פ | and one goat as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libations. | libations: AV differs (drink offering), singular. |
| Num 29:32 | וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שִׁבְעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And on the seventh day, you will offer seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:33 | וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָֽם׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations, to go with the bulls, with the rams, and with the lambs, by their number, according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:34 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ פ | and one goat as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:35 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י עֲצֶ֖רֶת תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | And on the eighth day you will hold a solemn assembly. You will not engage in any kind of work. |
any ← every.
kind ← craft. |
| Num 29:36 | וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פַּ֥ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם׃ | And you will offer a burnt offering, a fire-offering of a sweet fragrance to the Lord: one bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs without blemish, | without blemish ← perfect. |
| Num 29:37 | מִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם לַפָּ֨ר לָאַ֧יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and their meal-offering and their libations to go with the bull, with the ram and with the lambs, by their number according to the regulation, | |
| Num 29:38 | וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ | and one goat as a sin-offering, apart from the perpetual burnt offering, and its meal-offering and its libation. | |
| Num 29:39 | אֵ֛לֶּה תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לְבַ֨ד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְנִדְבֹתֵיכֶ֗ם לְעֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וּלְמִנְחֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶ֖ם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם׃ | You will do these things for the Lord at your appointed times, apart from your vows and your freewill-offerings, your burnt offerings and your meal-offerings, and your libations and your peace-offerings.’ ” | |
| Num 30:1 Num 29:40AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And Moses told the sons of Israel everything that the Lord had commanded Moses. |
everything ← according to everything.
Moses (second occurrence in verse): the repetition of ↴ |
| Num 30:2 Num 30:1AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הַמַּטּ֔וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel and said, “This is the matter which the Lord has commanded. | ↳ the name (rather than using a pronoun) is otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| Num 30:3 Num 30:2AV |
אִישׁ֩ כִּֽי־יִדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֽוֹ־הִשָּׁ֤בַע שְׁבֻעָה֙ לֶאְסֹ֤ר אִסָּר֙ עַל־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יַחֵ֖ל דְּבָר֑וֹ כְּכָל־הַיֹּצֵ֥א מִפִּ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | If a man makes a vow to the Lord or swears an oath, so imposing an obligation on himself, he shall not break his word – he shall act according to everything that comes out of his mouth. |
Matt 5:33.
makes a vow ← vows a vow. himself ← his soul. |
| Num 30:4 Num 30:3AV |
וְאִשָּׁ֕ה כִּֽי־תִדֹּ֥ר נֶ֖דֶר לַיהוָ֑ה וְאָסְרָ֥ה אִסָּ֛ר בְּבֵ֥ית אָבִ֖יהָ בִּנְעֻרֶֽיהָ׃ | And if a woman makes a vow to the Lord, and she imposes an obligation on herself in her father's house in her youth, | |
| Num 30:5 Num 30:4AV |
וְשָׁמַ֨ע אָבִ֜יהָ אֶת־נִדְרָ֗הּ וֶֽאֱסָרָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽסְרָ֣ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וְהֶחֱרִ֥ישׁ לָ֖הּ אָבִ֑יהָ וְקָ֙מוּ֙ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ וְכָל־אִסָּ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֽוּם׃ | and her father hears her vow and her obligation which she imposed on herself, and her father remains silent with her, then all her vows will stand, and the whole of her obligation which she imposed on herself will stand. | herself (2x) ← her soul. |
| Num 30:6 Num 30:5AV |
וְאִם־הֵנִ֨יא אָבִ֣יהָ אֹתָהּ֮ בְּי֣וֹם שָׁמְעוֹ֒ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֗יהָ וֶֽאֱסָרֶ֛יהָ אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ לֹ֣א יָק֑וּם וַֽיהוָה֙ יִֽסְלַח־לָ֔הּ כִּי־הֵנִ֥יא אָבִ֖יהָ אֹתָֽהּ׃ | But if her father disallows her on the day when he hears it, none of her vows and obligations which she imposed on herself will stand, and the Lord will pardon her, for her father has disallowed her. |
none ← not every.
herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:7 Num 30:6AV |
וְאִם־הָי֤וֹ תִֽהְיֶה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וּנְדָרֶ֖יהָ עָלֶ֑יהָ א֚וֹ מִבְטָ֣א שְׂפָתֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָסְרָ֖ה עַל־נַפְשָֽׁהּ׃ | And if it is the case that she has a husband, and she has vows self-imposed on her, or an utterance of her lips which she has imposed on herself, |
it is the case that she has: infinitive absolute of the verb to be.
herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:8 Num 30:7AV |
וְשָׁמַ֥ע אִישָׁ֛הּ בְּי֥וֹם שָׁמְע֖וֹ וְהֶחֱרִ֣ישׁ לָ֑הּ וְקָ֣מוּ נְדָרֶ֗יהָ וֶֽאֱסָרֶ֛הָ אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֻֽמוּ׃ | and her husband hears it, and on the day he hears it he remains silent with her, then her vows will stand, and her obligations which she imposed on herself will stand. | herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:9 Num 30:8AV |
וְ֠אִם בְּי֨וֹם שְׁמֹ֣עַ אִישָׁהּ֮ יָנִ֣יא אוֹתָהּ֒ וְהֵפֵ֗ר אֶת־נִדְרָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֵת֙ מִבְטָ֣א שְׂפָתֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָסְרָ֖ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֑הּ וַיהוָ֖ה יִֽסְלַֽח־לָֽהּ׃ | But if on the day when her husband hears it, he disallows her, then he will abrogate her vow which is on her, and the utterance of her lips with which she bound herself, and the Lord will pardon her. | herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:10 Num 30:9AV |
וְנֵ֥דֶר אַלְמָנָ֖ה וּגְרוּשָׁ֑ה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָק֥וּם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And as for the vow of a widow or a divorcee, everything that she has imposed on herself will stand imposed on her. | herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:11 Num 30:10AV |
וְאִם־בֵּ֥ית אִישָׁ֖הּ נָדָ֑רָה אֽוֹ־אָסְרָ֥ה אִסָּ֛ר עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ בִּשְׁבֻעָֽה׃ | And if in the house of her husband she vowed or imposed an obligation on herself by an oath, | herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:12 Num 30:11AV |
וְשָׁמַ֤ע אִישָׁהּ֙ וְהֶחֱרִ֣שׁ לָ֔הּ לֹ֥א הֵנִ֖יא אֹתָ֑הּ וְקָ֙מוּ֙ כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ וְכָל־אִסָּ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָסְרָ֥ה עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖הּ יָקֽוּם׃ | and her husband heard it and remained silent with her and did not disallow her, then all her vows and all the obligation which she imposed on herself will stand. | herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:13 Num 30:12AV |
וְאִם־הָפֵר֩ יָפֵ֨ר אֹתָ֥ם ׀ אִישָׁהּ֮ בְּי֣וֹם שָׁמְעוֹ֒ כָּל־מוֹצָ֨א שְׂפָתֶ֧יהָ לִנְדָרֶ֛יהָ וּלְאִסַּ֥ר נַפְשָׁ֖הּ לֹ֣א יָק֑וּם אִישָׁ֣הּ הֲפֵרָ֔ם וַיהוָ֖ה יִֽסְלַֽח־לָֽהּ׃ | But if it is the case that her husband abrogated them on the day he heard it – all the utterance of her lips in respect of her vows and the obligation on herself – then it will not stand: her husband abrogated them and the Lord will pardon her. |
it is the case that ... abrogated: infinitive absolute, in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence.
herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:14 Num 30:13AV |
כָּל־נֵ֛דֶר וְכָל־שְׁבֻעַ֥ת אִסָּ֖ר לְעַנֹּ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ אִישָׁ֥הּ יְקִימֶ֖נּוּ וְאִישָׁ֥הּ יְפֵרֶֽנּוּ׃ | As regards every vow and every oath of an obligation to afflict oneself, her husband may let it stand or her husband may abrogate it. |
oneself ← a soul.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Num 30:15 Num 30:14AV |
וְאִם־הַחֲרֵשׁ֩ יַחֲרִ֨ישׁ לָ֥הּ אִישָׁהּ֮ מִיּ֣וֹם אֶל־יוֹם֒ וְהֵקִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־נְדָרֶ֔יהָ א֥וֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֱסָרֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֑יהָ הֵקִ֣ים אֹתָ֔ם כִּי־הֶחֱרִ֥שׁ לָ֖הּ בְּי֥וֹם שָׁמְעֽוֹ׃ | But if it is the case that her husband remains silent with her from day to day, then he has let all her vows stand, or he has let all her obligations on herself stand, for he remained silent with her on the day he heard them. |
it is the case that ... remains silent: infinitive absolute.
herself ← her soul. |
| Num 30:16 Num 30:15AV |
וְאִם־הָפֵ֥ר יָפֵ֛ר אֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁמְע֑וֹ וְנָשָׂ֖א אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽהּ׃ | But if on the contrary he abrogates them a while after he heard them, then he will bear her iniquity.” | on the contrary he abrogates them: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 30:17 Num 30:16AV |
אֵ֣לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ לְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹ בֵּֽין־אָ֣ב לְבִתּ֔וֹ בִּנְעֻרֶ֖יהָ בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ׃ פ | These are the statutes which the Lord commanded Moses, between a man and his wife, between a father and his daughter in her youth, in the house of her father. | |
| Num 31:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 31:2 | נְקֹ֗ם נִקְמַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאֵ֖ת הַמִּדְיָנִ֑ים אַחַ֖ר תֵּאָסֵ֥ף אֶל־עַמֶּֽיךָ׃ | “Take vengeance for the sons of Israel on the Midianites, and afterwards you will be gathered to your people.” | take vengeance for ← avenge vengeance of. Wider use of the construct state. Similarly in the next verse. |
| Num 31:3 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵחָלְצ֧וּ מֵאִתְּכֶ֛ם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לַצָּבָ֑א וְיִהְיוּ֙ עַל־מִדְיָ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת נִקְמַת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּמִדְיָֽן׃ | So Moses spoke to the people and said, “Let a group of your men be armed for war, and confront Midian, to take the Lord's vengeance on Midian. |
a group of your men ← men from with you.
confront ← be at / against. |
| Num 31:4 | אֶ֚לֶף לַמַּטֶּ֔ה אֶ֖לֶף לַמַּטֶּ֑ה לְכֹל֙ מַטּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תִּשְׁלְח֖וּ לַצָּבָֽא׃ | You will send a thousand men for each tribe – for all the tribes of Israel – to war.” | for each tribe ← for the tribe ... for the tribe. |
| Num 31:5 | וַיִּמָּֽסְרוּ֙ מֵאַלְפֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶ֖לֶף לַמַּטֶּ֑ה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֥י צָבָֽא׃ | So one thousand men per tribe, from the thousands of Israel, were handed over – twelve thousand men armed for war. | |
| Num 31:6 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֹתָ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶ֥לֶף לַמַּטֶּ֖ה לַצָּבָ֑א אֹ֠תָם וְאֶת־פִּ֨ינְחָ֜ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ לַצָּבָ֔א וּכְלֵ֥י הַקֹּ֛דֶשׁ וַחֲצֹצְר֥וֹת הַתְּרוּעָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And Moses sent them to war – a thousand per tribe, with Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to war. And he had the holy instruments and the trumpets for sounding in his hand. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. for ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Num 31:7 | וַֽיִּצְבְּאוּ֙ עַל־מִדְיָ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיַּֽהַרְג֖וּ כָּל־זָכָֽר׃ | And they went to war against Midian, as the Lord had commanded Moses, and they killed all males. | |
| Num 31:8 | וְאֶת־מַלְכֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן הָרְג֣וּ עַל־חַלְלֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֙קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֑ן וְאֵת֙ בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֔וֹר הָרְג֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | And they killed the kings of Midian among those defeated by them, Evi and Rekem and Zur and Hur and Reba – the five kings of Midian – and they killed Balaam the son of Beor with the sword. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 31:9 | וַיִּשְׁבּ֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־נְשֵׁ֥י מִדְיָ֖ן וְאֶת־טַפָּ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בְּהֶמְתָּ֧ם וְאֶת־כָּל־מִקְנֵהֶ֛ם וְאֶת־כָּל־חֵילָ֖ם בָּזָֽזוּ׃ | And the sons of Israel took the women of Midian captive, and their children, and they plundered all their cattle and all their property and all their wealth. | |
| Num 31:10 | וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־עָרֵיהֶם֙ בְּמ֣וֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־טִֽירֹתָ֑ם שָׂרְפ֖וּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And they burned with fire all their cities in their inhabited areas, and all their palaces. | |
| Num 31:11 | וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׁלָ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הַמַּלְק֑וֹחַ בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ | And they took all the spoil and all the booty by way of people and cattle. | |
| Num 31:12 | וַיָּבִ֡אוּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֩ וְאֶל־אֶלְעָזָ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְאֶל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַשְּׁבִ֧י וְאֶת־הַמַּלְק֛וֹחַ וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה אֶל־עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ ס | And they brought the captives and the booty and the spoil to Moses and Eleazar the priest and to the congregation of the sons of Israel at the camp in the arid tracts of Moab, which were near the Jordan at Jericho. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
at the camp in the arid tracts ← to the camp to the arid tracts. Jordan at ← Jordan of. Jericho: see 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 31:13 | וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לִקְרָאתָ֑ם אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And Moses and Eleazar the priest and all the leaders of the congregation went out to meet them, outside the camp. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
outside ← to outside. |
| Num 31:14 | וַיִּקְצֹ֣ף מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַ֖ל פְּקוּדֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל שָׂרֵ֤י הָאֲלָפִים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֔וֹת הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְּבָ֥א הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | But Moses was angry with the officers in the army – the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred – who came from the army which fought the war. |
officers in the army ← officers of the army.
army which fought the war ← army of the war. |
| Num 31:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃ | And Moses said to them, “Have you kept all the females alive? | |
| Num 31:16 | הֵ֣ן הֵ֜נָּה הָי֨וּ לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֔ם לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | Look, they came to the sons of Israel in the incident with Balaam, to stir up treachery against the Lord in the affair of Peor, and there was a plague in the Lord's congregation. |
came ← were, became.
Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Num 31:17 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃ | So now, kill all the males among the children, and kill every woman who has known a man in lying with a male. | lying with ← lying of. |
| Num 31:18 | וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃ | But keep all the female children who have not known lying with a male, alive, for yourselves. | female children ← children among the women. |
| Num 31:19 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם חֲנ֛וּ מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כֹּל֩ הֹרֵ֨ג נֶ֜פֶשׁ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ נֹגֵ֣עַ בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י אַתֶּ֖ם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃ | And encamp outside the camp for seven days, everyone who kills a person and everyone who touches those slain. Have yourselves propitiated, you and your captives, on the third day and on the seventh day. | person ← soul. |
| Num 31:20 | וְכָל־בֶּ֧גֶד וְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֛וֹר וְכָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּ֖ים וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֑ץ תִּתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ ס | And have every garment and every leather item, and every product of goats and every wooden article propitiated.” | leather item ← skin, hide. |
| Num 31:21 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַצָּבָ֔א הַבָּאִ֖ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה זֹ֚את חֻקַּ֣ת הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Then Eleazar the priest said to the men of the army who went to war, “This is the statute of the law which the Lord commanded Moses. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 31:22 | אַ֥ךְ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב וְאֶת־הַכָּ֑סֶף אֶֽת־הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֶת־הַבַּרְזֶ֔ל אֶֽת־הַבְּדִ֖יל וְאֶת־הָעֹפָֽרֶת׃ | But as for the gold and the silver, the copper, the iron, the tin and the lead – | |
| Num 31:23 | כָּל־דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֣א בָאֵ֗שׁ תַּעֲבִ֤ירוּ בָאֵשׁ֙ וְטָהֵ֔ר אַ֕ךְ בְּמֵ֥י נִדָּ֖ה יִתְחַטָּ֑א וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָבֹ֛א בָּאֵ֖שׁ תַּעֲבִ֥ירוּ בַמָּֽיִם׃ | every item that can go through fire – pass it through fire, and it will be clean, but it will be propitiated by water of impurity, and pass everything that cannot go through fire through the water. | impurity: see Num 19:9. |
| Num 31:24 | וְכִבַּסְתֶּ֧ם בִּגְדֵיכֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑ם וְאַחַ֖ר תָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ | And you will wash your clothes on the seventh day, and you will be clean, and afterwards you can come to the camp.” | |
| Num 31:25 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 31:26 | שָׂ֗א אֵ֣ת רֹ֤אשׁ מַלְק֙וֹחַ֙ הַשְּׁבִ֔י בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה אַתָּה֙ וְאֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְרָאשֵׁ֖י אֲב֥וֹת הָעֵדָֽה׃ | “Hold a census of the captives taken – of the people and the cattle – you and Eleazar the priest, and the paternal heads of the congregation, |
hold a census ← take the head / sum.
captives taken ← taking of captivity. people: Hebrew adam, but here women. See Num 31:35. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 31:27 | וְחָצִ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְק֔וֹחַ בֵּ֚ין תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים לַצָּבָ֑א וּבֵ֖ין כָּל־הָעֵדָֽה׃ | and divide what was taken into two, between those who undertook the war, who went out in the army, and the whole congregation. | undertook ← were skilled in, so who actually fought. |
| Num 31:28 | וַהֲרֵמֹתָ֨ מֶ֜כֶס לַֽיהוָ֗ה מֵאֵ֞ת אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים לַצָּבָ֔א אֶחָ֣ד נֶ֔פֶשׁ מֵחֲמֵ֖שׁ הַמֵּא֑וֹת מִן־הָאָדָם֙ וּמִן־הַבָּקָ֔ר וּמִן־הַחֲמֹרִ֖ים וּמִן־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | And you will raise a levy for the Lord from the men of war who went out to battle: one individual in five hundred, from the people and from the oxen, and from the donkeys and from the sheep. |
individual ← soul.
people: see Num 31:26. |
| Num 31:29 | מִמַּֽחֲצִיתָ֖ם תִּקָּ֑חוּ וְנָתַתָּ֛ה לְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵ֖ן תְּרוּמַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | You will take them from their half and give them to Eleazar the priest, as a heave-offering to the Lord. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 31:30 | וּמִמַּחֲצִ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל תִּקַּ֣ח ׀ אֶחָ֣ד ׀ אָחֻ֣ז מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים מִן־הָאָדָ֧ם מִן־הַבָּקָ֛ר מִן־הַחֲמֹרִ֥ים וּמִן־הַצֹּ֖אן מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֹתָם֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם שֹׁמְרֵ֕י מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת מִשְׁכַּ֥ן יְהוָֽה׃ | And from the half for the sons of Israel you will take one part in fifty from the people, from the oxen, from the donkeys and from the sheep – from all the cattle – and give them to the Levites, who keep the observance of the Lord's tabernacle.” |
part ← taken out.
people: see Num 31:26. keep the observance of: see Num 1:53. |
| Num 31:31 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses and Eleazar the priest acted according to what the Lord had commanded Moses. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 31:32 | וַיְהִי֙ הַמַּלְק֔וֹחַ יֶ֣תֶר הַבָּ֔ז אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּזְז֖וּ עַ֣ם הַצָּבָ֑א צֹ֗אן שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִֽים׃ | And what was taken – the remainder of the plunder which the people of the army plundered – amounted to six hundred and seventy-five thousand sheep, |
amounted to ← was.
675,000 is the basis of a division in subsequent verses. |
| Num 31:33 | וּבָקָ֕ר שְׁנַ֥יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ | and seventy-two thousand oxen, | 72,000 is the basis of a division in subsequent verses. |
| Num 31:34 | וַחֲמֹרִ֕ים אֶחָ֥ד וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ | and sixty-one thousand donkeys, | 61,000 is the basis of a division in subsequent verses. |
| Num 31:35 | וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם מִן־הַ֨נָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר כָּל־נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁנַ֥יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ | and people, from the women who had not known lying with a male: thirty-two thousand people in all. |
people ... people ← soul of man (Hebrew adam) ... soul, here explicitly women.
32,000 is the basis of a division in subsequent verses. |
| Num 31:36 | וַתְּהִי֙ הַֽמֶּחֱצָ֔ה חֵ֕לֶק הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים בַּצָּבָ֑א מִסְפַּ֣ר הַצֹּ֗אן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וְשִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And of the half for the part which went out to battle, the number of sheep amounted to three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred. |
337,500 = 675,000 ÷ 2.
amounted to ← was. |
| Num 31:37 | וַיְהִ֛י הַמֶּ֥כֶס לַֽיהוָ֖ה מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָמֵ֥שׁ וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃ | And the levy for the Lord from the sheep was six hundred and seventy-five. | 675 = 337,500 ÷ 500. See Num 31:28. |
| Num 31:38 | וְהַ֨בָּקָ֔ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וּמִכְסָ֥ם לַיהוָ֖ה שְׁנַ֥יִם וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃ | And the oxen amounted to thirty-six thousand, and their levy for the Lord was seventy-two. |
36,000 = 72,000 ÷ 2.
72 = 36,000 ÷ 500. |
| Num 31:39 | וַחֲמֹרִ֕ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וּמִכְסָ֥ם לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֶחָ֥ד וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃ | And the donkeys amounted to thirty thousand five hundred, and their levy for the Lord was sixty-one. |
30,500 = 61,000 ÷ 2.
61 = 30,500 ÷ 500. |
| Num 31:40 | וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף וּמִכְסָם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שְׁנַ֥יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | And the people amounted to sixteen thousand, and their levy for the Lord was thirty-two people. |
people ... people ← soul of man (Hebrew adam) ... soul.
16,000 = 32,000 ÷ 2. 32 = 16,000 ÷ 500. |
| Num 31:41 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶת־מֶ֙כֶס֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses gave the levy as a heave-offering for the Lord to Eleazar the priest, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 31:42 | וּמִֽמַּחֲצִ֖ית בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ חָצָ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַצֹּבְאִֽים׃ | And from the half for the sons of Israel which Moses divided from the spoil of the men who fought, | divided ← halved. |
| Num 31:43 | וַתְּהִ֛י מֶחֱצַ֥ת הָעֵדָ֖ה מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | the half for the congregation: of the sheep the number amounted to three hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred, |
amounted to ← was.
337,500 as in v.36. |
| Num 31:44 | וּבָקָ֕ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ | and the oxen amounted to thirty-six thousand, | 36,000 as in v.38. |
| Num 31:45 | וַחֲמֹרִ֕ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | and the donkeys amounted to thirty thousand five hundred, | 30,500 as in v.39. |
| Num 31:46 | וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃ | and the people amounted to sixteen thousand. |
people ← soul of man (Hebrew adam).
16,000 as in v.40. |
| Num 31:47 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה מִמַּחֲצִ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הָֽאָחֻז֙ אֶחָ֣ד מִן־הַחֲמִשִּׁ֔ים מִן־הָאָדָ֖ם וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לַלְוִיִּ֗ם שֹֽׁמְרֵי֙ מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And Moses took from the half for the sons of Israel one part in fifty from the people and from the cattle, and he gave them to the Levites who kept the observance of the Lord's tabernacle, as the Lord had commanded Moses. | people: see Num 31:26. |
| Num 31:48 | וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַפְּקֻדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַלְפֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א שָׂרֵ֥י הָאֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃ | Then the officers who were over the thousands of the army – the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred – approached Moses | |
| Num 31:49 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ נָֽשְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֵ֑נוּ וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אִֽישׁ׃ | and said to Moses, “Your servants have held a census of the men of war who were under our authority, and not a man of us is missing. |
held a census ← taken the sum.
authority ← hand. |
| Num 31:50 | וַנַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־קָרְבַּ֣ן יְהוָ֗ה אִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָצָ֤א כְלִֽי־זָהָב֙ אֶצְעָדָ֣ה וְצָמִ֔יד טַבַּ֖עַת עָגִ֣יל וְכוּמָ֑ז לְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And we have performed the Lord's oblation, each one who found an item of gold – a bangle or a bracelet, a ring or an earring or a brooch – to atone for ourselves before the Lord.” |
or ... or: disjunctive use of the vav, here in an affirmative sentence.
ourselves ← our souls. |
| Num 31:51 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם כֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י מַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And Moses and Eleazar the priest received the gold from them – all the items of craftsmanship. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
all the items ← every item. |
| Num 31:52 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כָּל־זְהַ֣ב הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵרִ֙ימוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף שְׁבַע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁ֑קֶל מֵאֵת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָֽאֲלָפִ֔ים וּמֵאֵ֖ת שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת׃ | And all the gold of the heave-offering which they heaved to the Lord amounted to sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels, from the commanders of a thousand and from the commanders of a hundred. | amounted to ← was. |
| Num 31:53 | אַנְשֵׁי֙ הַצָּבָ֔א בָּזְז֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לֽוֹ׃ | The men of the army took spoil – each for himself. | |
| Num 31:54 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֔ב מֵאֵ֛ת שָׂרֵ֥י הָאֲלָפִ֖ים וְהַמֵּא֑וֹת וַיָּבִ֤אוּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד זִכָּר֥וֹן לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred and brought it to the tent of contact, as a memorial to the sons of Israel before the Lord. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 32:1 | וּמִקְנֶ֣ה ׀ רַ֗ב הָיָ֞ה לִבְנֵ֧י רְאוּבֵ֛ן וְלִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד עָצ֣וּם מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּרְא֞וּ אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ יַעְזֵר֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ גִּלְעָ֔ד וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַמָּק֖וֹם מְק֥וֹם מִקְנֶֽה׃ | Now the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad had a lot of cattle – a very great quantity – and when they saw the land of Jazer and the land of Gilead, they saw that the place was a place for cattle. |
Jazer: see Num 21:32.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. they saw that ← behold. |
| Num 32:2 | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאֶל־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶל־נְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben came and spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the priest, and to the leaders of the congregation, and they said, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 32:3 | עֲטָר֤וֹת וְדִיבֹן֙ וְיַעְזֵ֣ר וְנִמְרָ֔ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה וּשְׂבָ֥ם וּנְב֖וֹ וּבְעֹֽן׃ | “Ataroth and Dibon and Jazer and Nimrah and Heshbon and Elealeh and Sebam and Nebo and Beon – |
Jazer: see Num 21:32.
Elealeh ← El'aleh, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. Sebam: AV= Shebam. |
| Num 32:4 | הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵי֙ עֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶ֥רֶץ מִקְנֶ֖ה הִ֑וא וְלַֽעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ מִקְנֶֽה׃ ס | the land which the Lord struck before the congregation of Israel – is a land of cattle, and your servants have cattle.” | |
| Num 32:5 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אִם־מָצָ֤אנוּ חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ יֻתַּ֞ן אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לַעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ לַאֲחֻזָּ֑ה אַל־תַּעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And they said, “If we have found grace in your eyes, let this land be given to your servants as a possession, and do not have us cross the Jordan.” | |
| Num 32:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן הַאַֽחֵיכֶ֗ם יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם תֵּ֥שְׁבוּ פֹֽה׃ | Then Moses said to the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben, “Should your brothers go to war, while you stay here? | while: wider use of the vav, here contrastive. |
| Num 32:7 | וְלָ֣מָּה *תנואון **תְנִיא֔וּן אֶת־לֵ֖ב בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מֵֽעֲבֹר֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ | Now why should you discourage the sons of Israel from crossing to the land which the Lord has given them? | discourage ← restrain the heart. The ketiv (hiphil stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (qal stem-formation). |
| Num 32:8 | כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּשָׁלְחִ֥י אֹתָ֛ם מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Your fathers behaved the same way when I sent them from Kadesh-Barnea to see the land, | behaved the same way ← acted thus. |
| Num 32:9 | וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכּ֗וֹל וַיִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּנִ֕יאוּ אֶת־לֵ֖ב בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ | when they went up to the Brook of Eshcol and saw the land, but they discouraged the sons of Israel so that they wouldn't go to the land which the Lord has given them, | discouraged: see Num 32:7. The stem-formation here is hiphil. |
| Num 32:10 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע לֵאמֹֽר׃ | so that the Lord's wrath was kindled on that day, and he swore and said, | so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Num 32:11 | אִם־יִרְא֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הָעֹלִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה אֵ֚ת הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֛עְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י לֹא־מִלְא֖וּ אַחֲרָֽי׃ | ‘The men who came up from Egypt, from twenty years old and above, will certainly not see the land about which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob, for they have not fully followed me, |
will certainly not see ← if they see, standing for if they ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
land ← ground. fully followed ← filled after. |
| Num 32:12 | בִּלְתִּ֞י כָּלֵ֤ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה֙ הַקְּנִזִּ֔י וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן כִּ֥י מִלְא֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua the son of Nun, for they have fully followed the Lord.’ |
Kenizzite: AV= Kenezite, which roughly conforms the demonym to the progenitor, Kenaz, but which is not AV's usual practice; see Num 26:49.
fully followed ← filled after. |
| Num 32:13 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְנִעֵם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּם֙ כָּל־הַדּ֔וֹר הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the Lord's wrath was kindled against Israel, and he caused them to wander in the desert for forty years, until the whole generation which had done wrong in the eyes of the Lord had come to an end. | |
| Num 32:14 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה קַמְתֶּ֗ם תַּ֚חַת אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תַּרְבּ֖וּת אֲנָשִׁ֣ים חַטָּאִ֑ים לִסְפּ֣וֹת ע֗וֹד עַ֛ל חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And look, you have risen up in place of your fathers – the progeny of sinful men – to add more to the angry fury of the Lord towards Israel. | angry fury ← fury of anger, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Num 32:15 | כִּ֤י תְשׁוּבֻן֙ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֔יו וְיָסַ֣ף ע֔וֹד לְהַנִּיח֖וֹ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְשִֽׁחַתֶּ֖ם לְכָל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | If you turn away from following him, then he will leave them again in the desert, and you will bring the whole of this people to ruin.” |
following him ← after him.
them ← him, a collective reference to Israel. again ← add ... again. Pleonastic rather than multiplying the occurrences. Compare Num 22:15. |
| Num 32:16 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ וַ֣יֹּאמְר֔וּ גִּדְרֹ֥ת צֹ֛אן נִבְנֶ֥ה לְמִקְנֵ֖נוּ פֹּ֑ה וְעָרִ֖ים לְטַפֵּֽנוּ׃ | But they approached him and said, “We will build sheepfolds for our livestock here, and cities for our little ones. | |
| Num 32:17 | וַאֲנַ֜חְנוּ נֵחָלֵ֣ץ חֻשִׁ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִם־הֲבִֽיאֹנֻ֖ם אֶל־מְקוֹמָ֑ם וְיָשַׁ֤ב טַפֵּ֙נוּ֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַמִּבְצָ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And we will arm ourselves swiftly before the sons of Israel, until we have brought them to their place, while our little ones remain in fortified cities, because of the inhabitants of the land. | |
| Num 32:18 | לֹ֥א נָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־בָּתֵּ֑ינוּ עַ֗ד הִתְנַחֵל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֖ישׁ נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | We will not return to our houses until the sons of Israel have received their inheritance – each man his inheritance. | |
| Num 32:19 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נִנְחַל֙ אִתָּ֔ם מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וָהָ֑לְאָה כִּ֣י בָ֤אָה נַחֲלָתֵ֙נוּ֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ מֵעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרָֽחָה׃ פ | For we will not inherit with them on the far side of the Jordan, for our inheritance has come to us on the eastern side of the Jordan.” |
on the far side of the Jordan ← across the Jordan and beyond.
on the eastern side of the Jordan ← across the Jordan eastwards. |
| Num 32:20 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה אִֽם־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּן אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה אִם־תֵּחָֽלְצ֛וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | Then Moses said to them, “If you do this thing, if you arm yourselves before the Lord for war, | |
| Num 32:21 | וְעָבַ֨ר לָכֶ֧ם כָּל־חָל֛וּץ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַ֧ד הוֹרִישׁ֛וֹ אֶת־אֹיְבָ֖יו מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | and every armed man of yours crosses the Jordan before the Lord until he has dispossessed his enemies before him, | |
| Num 32:22 | וְנִכְבְּשָׁ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאַחַ֣ר תָּשֻׁ֔בוּ וִהְיִיתֶ֧ם נְקִיִּ֛ים מֵיְהוָ֖ה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְ֠הָיְתָה הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֥את לָכֶ֛ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and the land is subdued before the Lord, and afterwards you return, then you will be guiltless with the Lord and with Israel, and this land will be yours as a possession before the Lord. | then: this is the apodosis to the condition started in Num 32:20. AV differs as to the start of the apodosis. |
| Num 32:23 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַעֲשׂוּן֙ כֵּ֔ן הִנֵּ֥ה חֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַיהוָ֑ה וּדְעוּ֙ חַטַּאתְכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּמְצָ֖א אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | But if you were not to act this way, then in that case you would be sinning against the Lord. And be aware that as for your sin, it would find you out. | then in that case ← behold. |
| Num 32:24 | בְּנֽוּ־לָכֶ֤ם עָרִים֙ לְטַפְּכֶ֔ם וּגְדֵרֹ֖ת לְצֹנַאֲכֶ֑ם וְהַיֹּצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | Build yourselves cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep, and do what you have pronounced.” | what you have pronounced ← what proceeds from your mouth. |
| Num 32:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד֙ וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ יַעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י מְצַוֶּֽה׃ | Then the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben spoke to Moses and said, “Your servants will do as my lord commands. | |
| Num 32:26 | טַפֵּ֣נוּ נָשֵׁ֔ינוּ מִקְנֵ֖נוּ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֵּ֑נוּ יִֽהְיוּ־שָׁ֖ם בְּעָרֵ֥י הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | Our little ones, our wives, our cattle and all our livestock will be there in the cities of Gilead, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 32:27 | וַעֲבָדֶ֨יךָ יַֽעַבְר֜וּ כָּל־חֲל֥וּץ צָבָ֛א לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י דֹּבֵֽר׃ | and your servants will cross, every one in the army, armed for battle before the Lord, as my lord says.” | in the army, armed for battle ← armed of the army ... for the battle. |
| Num 32:28 | וַיְצַ֤ו לָהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֚ת אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וְאֶת־רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And concerning them Moses commanded Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the paternal heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel, | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 32:29 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אִם־יַעַבְר֣וּ בְנֵי־גָ֣ד וּבְנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן ׀ אִ֠תְּכֶם אֶֽת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֞ן כָּל־חָל֤וּץ לַמִּלְחָמָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְנִכְבְּשָׁ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לָהֶ֛ם אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֖ד לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃ | and Moses said to them, “If the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben cross the Jordan with you – every one armed for war before the Lord – and the land is subdued before you, then you will give them the land of Gilead as a possession. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 32:30 | וְאִם־לֹ֧א יַֽעַבְר֛וּ חֲלוּצִ֖ים אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְנֹֽאחֲז֥וּ בְתֹכְכֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | But if they do not cross armed with you, then they will have a possession among you in the land of Canaan.” | have a possession: so [AnLx]. The usual meaning is be caught / held. |
| Num 32:31 | וַיַּֽעֲנ֧וּ בְנֵי־גָ֛ד וּבְנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ כֵּ֥ן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben answered and said, “What the Lord said to your servants, we will do. | we will do ← so we will do. |
| Num 32:32 | נַ֣חְנוּ נַעֲבֹ֧ר חֲלוּצִ֛ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְאִתָּ֙נוּ֙ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת נַחֲלָתֵ֔נוּ מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | We will cross armed before the Lord into the land of Canaan, and we will have the possession of our inheritance on the other side of the Jordan from there.” | |
| Num 32:33 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֣ם ׀ מֹשֶׁ֡ה לִבְנֵי־גָד֩ וְלִבְנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֜ן וְלַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט ׀ מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בֶן־יוֹסֵ֗ף אֶת־מַמְלֶ֙כֶת֙ סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֶת־מַמְלֶ֔כֶת ע֖וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן הָאָ֗רֶץ לְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּגְבֻלֹ֔ת עָרֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ סָבִֽיב׃ | And Moses gave them – the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and half of the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph – the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land with its cities, in the territories of the cities of the land round about. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: Moses could only give inheritance on the east of the Jordan. We see from Josh 22:7 that half of this tribe received an inheritance to the west of the Jordan.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. Bashan ← the Bashan. territories ← borders. |
| Num 32:34 | וַיִּבְנ֣וּ בְנֵי־גָ֔ד אֶת־דִּיבֹ֖ן וְאֶת־עֲטָרֹ֑ת וְאֵ֖ת עֲרֹעֵֽר׃ | And the sons of Gad built Dibon and Ataroth and Aroer, | Ataroth ... Ataroth-Shophan (next verse): AV differs, Ataroth ... Atroth, Shophan (3 cities). Ataroth-Shophan is pointed as a construct state with the conjunctive ↴ |
| Num 32:35 | וְאֶת־עַטְרֹ֥ת שׁוֹפָ֛ן וְאֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר וְיָגְבֳּהָֽה׃ | and Ataroth-Shophan and Jazer and Jogbehah, |
↳ accent merekha, giving Atroth-Shophan, as AV, but AV does not ↴
Jazer: see Num 21:32. Jogbehah ← Jogbohah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Num 32:36 | וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית נִמְרָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָרָ֑ן עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָ֖ר וְגִדְרֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃ | and Beth-Nimrah, and Beth-Haran – fortified cities – and sheepfolds. | ↳ do this in Josh 16:5, Josh 18:13. We always regularize to the ground form Ataroth. On compound names, compare the English Sutton and Sutton Coldfield. |
| Num 32:37 | וּבְנֵ֤י רְאוּבֵן֙ בָּנ֔וּ אֶת־חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־אֶלְעָלֵ֑א וְאֵ֖ת קִרְיָתָֽיִם׃ | And the sons of Reuben built Heshbon and Elealeh and Kiriathaim, |
Elealeh: see Num 32:3.
Kiriathaim: AV= Kirjathaim here. |
| Num 32:38 | וְאֶת־נְב֞וֹ וְאֶת־בַּ֧עַל מְע֛וֹן מֽוּסַבֹּ֥ת שֵׁ֖ם וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָ֑ה וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ בְשֵׁמֹ֔ת אֶת־שְׁמ֥וֹת הֶעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנֽוּ׃ | and Nebo and Baal-Meon (the names being changed) and Sibmah, and they called the cities which they had built by changed names. |
the names being changed ← they being changed (in respect of) name.
Sibmah: AV= Shibmah, not recognizing the sin. But in Josh 13:19, AV= Sibmah. |
| Num 32:39 | וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ בְּנֵ֨י מָכִ֧יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֛ה גִּלְעָ֖דָה וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻ֑הָ וַיּ֖וֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃ | And the sons of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead and captured it and dispossessed the Amorite who was in it. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Num 32:40 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמָכִ֖יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃ | And Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh, and he lived in it. |
|| Deut 3:15, 1 Chr 2:21.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 32:41 | וְיָאִ֤יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה֙ הָלַ֔ךְ וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־חַוֺּתֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶתְהֶ֖ן חַוֺּ֥ת יָאִֽיר׃ | Then Jair the son of Manasseh went out and captured their villages and called them the Villages of Jair. | Villages of Jair: AV differs somewhat, transliterating (Havoth-jair). |
| Num 32:42 | וְנֹ֣בַח הָלַ֔ךְ וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד אֶת־קְנָ֖ת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיִּקְרָ֧א לָ֦ה נֹ֖בַח בִּשְׁמֽוֹ׃ פ | And Nobah went out and captured Kenath and its satellite villages, and he called it Nobah after his own name. | satellite villages ← daughters. |
| Num 33:1 | אֵ֜לֶּה מַסְעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצְא֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃ | These are the moves of the sons of Israel who came out of the land of Egypt according to their armies through the agency of Moses and Aaron. | agency ← hand. |
| Num 33:2 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־מוֹצָאֵיהֶ֛ם לְמַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵ֥לֶּה מַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם לְמוֹצָאֵיהֶֽם׃ | For Moses recorded their departures per move of theirs according to the instruction of the Lord. And these are their moves by their departures. |
for: causal use of the vav.
recorded ← wrote. instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 33:3 | וַיִּסְע֤וּ מֵֽרַעְמְסֵס֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן מִֽמָּחֳרַ֣ת הַפֶּ֗סַח יָצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Now they moved from Rameses in the first month on the fifteenth day of the first month. On the first day after the Passover, the sons of Israel departed with a high hand in the eyes of all Egypt. | |
| Num 33:4 | וּמִצְרַ֣יִם מְקַבְּרִ֗ים אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם כָּל־בְּכ֑וֹר וּבֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה שְׁפָטִֽים׃ | And Egypt buried those among their own whom the Lord struck down – all the firstborn – and the Lord executed judgments on their gods. | |
| Num 33:5 | וַיִּסְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵרַעְמְסֵ֑ס וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּסֻכֹּֽת׃ | And the sons of Israel moved from Rameses and encamped at Succoth. | |
| Num 33:6 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִסֻּכֹּ֑ת וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְאֵתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Then they moved from Succoth and encamped at Etham which is at the edge of the desert. | edge ← end. |
| Num 33:7 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽאֵתָ֔ם וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵ֖י בַּ֣עַל צְפ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י מִגְדֹּֽל׃ | Then they moved from Etham, and they returned to Pi-Hahiroth which is alongside Baal-Zephon, and they encamped in front of Migdol. | they returned ← he returned. |
| Num 33:8 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַֽחִירֹ֔ת וַיַּֽעַבְר֥וּ בְתוֹךְ־הַיָּ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר אֵתָ֔ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמָרָֽה׃ | Then they moved from the proximity of Hahiroth and crossed through the middle of the sea into the desert, and they went three days' journey in the Desert of Etham, and they encamped at Marah. | the proximity of Hahiroth: AV differs (Pi-hahiroth), taken from the previous verse, but the Hebrew reads pne not pi. |
| Num 33:9 | וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֵילִ֑מָה וּ֠בְאֵילִם שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֞ה עֵינֹ֥ת מַ֛יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים תְּמָרִ֖ים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָֽׁם׃ | Then they moved from Marah and came to Elim, and in Elim were twelve sources of water and seventy palm trees, and they encamped there. | |
| Num 33:10 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאֵילִ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃ | Then they moved from Elim and encamped at the Red Sea. | |
| Num 33:11 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיַּם־ס֑וּף וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּר־סִֽין׃ | Then they moved from the Red Sea and encamped at the Desert of Sin. | |
| Num 33:12 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּר־סִ֑ין וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּדָפְקָֽה׃ | Then they moved from the Desert of Sin and encamped at Dophkah. | |
| Num 33:13 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדָּפְקָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּאָלֽוּשׁ׃ | Then they moved from Dophkah and encamped at Alush. | |
| Num 33:14 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאָל֑וּשׁ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בִּרְפִידִ֔ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֥ם מַ֛יִם לָעָ֖ם לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | Then they moved from Alush and encamped at Rephidim, but there was no water there for the people to drink. | |
| Num 33:15 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרְפִידִ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ | Then they moved from Rephidim and encamped in the Sinai Desert. | |
| Num 33:16 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר סִינָ֑י וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּקִבְרֹ֥ת הַֽתַּאֲוָֽה׃ | Then they moved from the Sinai Desert and encamped at Kibroth-Hattaavah. | Kibroth-Hattaavah: the AV correctly identifies the dagesh forte in the tav, but compare Num 33:32. |
| Num 33:17 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקִּבְרֹ֣ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּחֲצֵרֹֽת׃ | Then they moved from Kibroth-Hattaavah and encamped at Hazeroth. | |
| Num 33:18 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵחֲצֵרֹ֑ת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִתְמָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Hazeroth and encamped at Rithmah. | |
| Num 33:19 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרִתְמָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִמֹּ֥ן פָּֽרֶץ׃ | Then they moved from Rithmah and encamped at Rimmon-Perez. | Rimmon-Perez: AV= Rimmon-parez, the pausal form. |
| Num 33:20 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרִמֹּ֣ן פָּ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּלִבְנָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Rimmon-Perez and encamped at Libnah. | Rimmon-Perez: see Num 33:19. |
| Num 33:21 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִלִּבְנָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִסָּֽה׃ | Then they moved from Libnah and encamped at Rissah. | |
| Num 33:22 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרִסָּ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בִּקְהֵלָֽתָה׃ | Then they moved from Rissah and encamped at Kehelathah. | |
| Num 33:23 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקְּהֵלָ֑תָה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּהַר־שָֽׁפֶר׃ | Then they moved from Kehelathah and encamped at Mount Shepher. | Shepher: AV= Shapher, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Num 33:24 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽהַר־שָׁ֑פֶר וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּחֲרָדָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Mount Shepher and encamped at Haradah. | Shepher: see Num 33:23. |
| Num 33:25 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵחֲרָדָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמַקְהֵלֹֽת׃ | Then they moved from Haradah and encamped at Makheloth. | |
| Num 33:26 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמַּקְהֵלֹ֑ת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽחַת׃ | Then they moved from Makheloth and encamped at Tahath. | |
| Num 33:27 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑חַת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽרַח׃ | Then they moved from Tahath and encamped at Terah. | Terah: AV= Tarah, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Num 33:28 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑רַח וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִתְקָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Terah and encamped at Mithcah. | Terah: see Num 33:27. |
| Num 33:29 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּתְקָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּחַשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Mithcah and encamped at Hashmonah. | |
| Num 33:30 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחַשְׁמֹנָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמֹסֵרֽוֹת׃ | Then they moved from Hashmonah and encamped at Moseroth. | |
| Num 33:31 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמֹּסֵר֑וֹת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בִּבְנֵ֥י יַעֲקָֽן׃ | Then they moved from Moseroth and encamped at Bene-Jaakan. | |
| Num 33:32 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִבְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקָ֑ן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּחֹ֥ר הַגִּדְגָּֽד׃ | Then they moved from Bene-Jaakan and encamped at Hor-Haggidgad. | Hor-Haggidgad: AV= Hor-hagidgad ignoring the dagesh forte in the gimel. |
| Num 33:33 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵחֹ֣ר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָטְבָֽתָה׃ | Then they moved from Hor-Haggidgad and encamped at Jotbathah. | Hor-Haggidgad: see Num 33:32. |
| Num 33:34 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיָּטְבָ֑תָה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַבְרֹנָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Jotbathah and encamped at Abronah. | Abronah: AV= Ebronah. |
| Num 33:35 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעַבְרֹנָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֶצְי֥וֹן גָּֽבֶר׃ | Then they moved from Abronah and encamped at Ezion-Geber. |
Abronah: see Num 33:34.
Ezion-Geber: AV= Ezion-gaber, the pausal form, here and in Num 33:36 and Deut 2:8, but Ezion-geber, which we adopt throughout, in 1 Ki 9:26, 1 Ki 22:48 (1 Ki 22:47AV), 2 Chr 8:17 and 1 Chr 20:36. |
| Num 33:36 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵעֶצְי֣וֹן גָּ֑בֶר וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ בְמִדְבַּר־צִ֖ן הִ֥וא קָדֵֽשׁ׃ | Then they moved from Ezion-Geber and encamped in the Desert of Zin, which is Kadesh. | Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. |
| Num 33:37 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקָּדֵ֑שׁ וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר בִּקְצֵ֖ה אֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | Then they moved from Kadesh and encamped at Mount Hor, at the edge of the land of Edom. | edge ← end. |
| Num 33:38 | וַיַּעַל֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶל־הֹ֥ר הָהָ֛ר עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁ֑ם בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הָֽאַרְבָּעִ֗ים לְצֵ֤את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֖י בְּאֶחָ֥ד לַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And Aaron the priest went up Mount Hor according to the instruction of the Lord, and he died there, in the fortieth year after the exodus of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fifth month, on the first day of the month. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 33:39 | וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמֹת֖וֹ בְּהֹ֥ר הָהָֽר׃ ס | And Aaron was one hundred and twenty-three years old when he died at Mount Hor. | |
| Num 33:40 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲרָ֔ד וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁ֥ב בַּנֶּ֖גֶב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן בְּבֹ֖א בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Canaanite heard it – King Arad – when he was living in the south, in the land of Canaan, when the sons of Israel came. | |
| Num 33:41 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵהֹ֣ר הָהָ֑ר וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּצַלְמֹנָֽה׃ | Then they moved from Mount Hor and encamped at Zalmonah. | |
| Num 33:42 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִצַּלְמֹנָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּפוּנֹֽן׃ | Then they moved from Zalmonah and encamped at Punon. | |
| Num 33:43 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִפּוּנֹ֑ן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּאֹבֹֽת׃ | Then they moved from Punon and encamped at Oboth. | |
| Num 33:44 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאֹבֹ֑ת וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בְּעִיֵּ֥י הָעֲבָרִ֖ים בִּגְב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃ | Then they moved from Oboth and encamped at the ruins of Abarim in the territory of Moab. |
ruins of Abarim: AV differs (Ije-abarim).
territory ← border. |
| Num 33:45 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵעִיִּ֑ים וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּדִיבֹ֥ן גָּֽד׃ | Then they moved from “The Ruins” and encamped at Dibon-Gad. | |
| Num 33:46 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדִּיבֹ֣ן גָּ֑ד וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַלְמֹ֥ן דִּבְלָתָֽיְמָה׃ | Then they moved from Dibon-Gad and encamped at Almon-Diblathaim. | |
| Num 33:47 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵעַלְמֹ֣ן דִּבְלָתָ֑יְמָה וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בְּהָרֵ֥י הָעֲבָרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י נְבֽוֹ׃ | Then they moved from Almon-Diblathaim and encamped in the mountains of Abarim, before Nebo. | |
| Num 33:48 | וַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵהָרֵ֣י הָעֲבָרִ֑ים וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ | Then they moved from the mountains of Abarim and encamped in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho. |
Jordan at ← Jordan of.
Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 33:49 | וַיַּחֲנ֤וּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמֹ֔ת עַ֖ד אָבֵ֣ל הַשִּׁטִּ֑ים בְּעַֽרְבֹ֖ת מוֹאָֽב׃ ס | Then they encamped at the Jordan, from Beth-Jeshimoth to Abel-Shittim, in the arid tracts of Moab. | |
| Num 33:50 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho, and he said, |
Jordan at ← Jordan of.
Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 33:51 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you have crossed the Jordan into the land of Canaan, | |
| Num 33:52 | וְה֨וֹרַשְׁתֶּ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֨בַּדְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־צַלְמֵ֤י מַסֵּֽכֹתָם֙ תְּאַבֵּ֔דוּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־בָּמֹתָ֖ם תַּשְׁמִֽידוּ׃ | you will dispossess all the inhabitants of the land in front of you, and you will destroy all their effigies, and you will destroy all their cast images, and you will demolish all their idolatrous raised sites. | |
| Num 33:53 | וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ׃ | And you will dispossess the land, and you will dwell in it, for I have given you the land, to inherit it. | |
| Num 33:54 | וְהִתְנַחַלְתֶּם֩ אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ בְּגוֹרָ֜ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לָרַ֞ב תַּרְבּ֤וּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתוֹ֙ וְלַמְעַט֙ תַּמְעִ֣יט אֶת־נַחֲלָת֔וֹ אֶל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨צֵא ל֥וֹ שָׁ֛מָּה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל ל֣וֹ יִהְיֶ֑ה לְמַטּ֥וֹת אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ׃ | And you will inherit the land by lot, according to your families. To a large one you will give a large inheritance, and to a small one you will give a small inheritance. Wherever his lot falls, he will have it. You will inherit according to your paternal tribes. |
give a large inheritance ← increase its inheritance.
give a small inheritance ← reduce its inheritance. |
| Num 33:55 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָרֶץ֮ מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ וְהָיָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ מֵהֶ֔ם לְשִׂכִּים֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם וְצָרֲר֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ | But if you do not dispossess the inhabitants of the land before you, then it will come to pass that those of them that you let remain will be thorns in your eyes and spikes in your sides, and they will be hostile to you in the land in which you live. | inhabitants ← inhabitant. |
| Num 33:56 | וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּמִּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ פ | And it will come to pass, that as I thought to do to them, I will do to you.’ ” | |
| Num 34:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 34:2 | צַ֞ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֥ם בָּאִ֖ים אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן זֹ֣את הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּפֹּ֤ל לָכֶם֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִגְבֻלֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | “Command the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you come into the land of Canaan – this is the land which falls to you as an inheritance – the land of Canaan according to its borders, | |
| Num 34:3 | וְהָיָ֨ה לָכֶ֧ם פְּאַת־נֶ֛גֶב מִמִּדְבַּר־צִ֖ן עַל־יְדֵ֣י אֱד֑וֹם וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל נֶ֔גֶב מִקְצֵ֥ה יָם־הַמֶּ֖לַח קֵֽדְמָה׃ | you will have the southern quarter of the Desert of Zin alongside Edom, and your southern border will be from the edge of the Dead Sea eastward. | Dead Sea ← Salt Sea. |
| Num 34:4 | וְנָסַ֣ב לָכֶם֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה *והיה **וְהָיוּ֙ תּֽוֹצְאֹתָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְיָצָ֥א חֲצַר־אַדָּ֖ר וְעָבַ֥ר עַצְמֹֽנָה׃ | And your border will turn from the south, to the ascent of Akrabbim, and it will cross to Zin, and its extremities at the south will be at Kadesh-Barnea, and it will excurse to Hazar-Addar and cross to Azmon. |
will be: the ketiv is as the qeré except that the ketiv is discordant in number.
Akrabbim ← scorpions. |
| Num 34:5 | וְנָסַ֧ב הַגְּב֛וּל מֵעַצְמ֖וֹן נַ֣חְלָה מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָי֥וּ תוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּֽמָּה׃ | And the border will turn from Azmon to the Brook of Egypt, and its extremities will be to the sea. | Brook of Egypt: [CB] identifies it as Sihor (= Shihor). Wikipedia offers alternatives. |
| Num 34:6 | וּגְב֣וּל יָ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְב֑וּל זֶֽה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל יָֽם׃ | And as for your western border, your border will be the Great Sea, as a natural border, and this will be your western border. |
western: or sea.
the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean. as a natural border: see Josh 13:23. |
| Num 34:7 | וְזֶֽה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֣וּל צָפ֑וֹן מִן־הַיָּם֙ הַגָּדֹ֔ל תְּתָא֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם הֹ֥ר הָהָֽר׃ | And this will be your northern border: from the Great Sea you will mark out a line for yourselves to Mount Hor. | |
| Num 34:8 | מֵהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר תְּתָא֖וּ לְבֹ֣א חֲמָ֑ת וְהָי֛וּ תּוֹצְאֹ֥ת הַגְּבֻ֖ל צְדָֽדָה׃ | From Mount Hor you will mark out the route to Hamath, and the extremities of the border will be to Zedad. | route ← coming. |
| Num 34:9 | וְיָצָ֤א הַגְּבֻל֙ זִפְרֹ֔נָה וְהָי֥וּ תוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו חֲצַ֣ר עֵינָ֑ן זֶֽה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל צָפֽוֹן׃ | And the border will excurse to Ziphron, and its extremities will be at Hazar-Enan. This will be your northern border. | |
| Num 34:10 | וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם לָכֶ֖ם לִגְב֣וּל קֵ֑דְמָה מֵחֲצַ֥ר עֵינָ֖ן שְׁפָֽמָה׃ | And you will mark out for yourselves the border eastwards from Hazar-Enan to Shepham. | |
| Num 34:11 | וְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּבֻ֧ל מִשְּׁפָ֛ם הָרִבְלָ֖ה מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעָ֑יִן וְיָרַ֣ד הַגְּב֔וּל וּמָחָ֛ה עַל־כֶּ֥תֶף יָם־כִּנֶּ֖רֶת קֵֽדְמָה׃ | And the border will go down from Shepham to Riblah to the east of Ain, and the border will go down and encompass Lake Kinnereth to the east. |
Riblah ← the Riblah.
Ain: or the (water) source. encompass ← reach the shoulder of. Lake Kinnereth: AV= sea of Chinnereth, also known as Lake Galilee / Kinneret. |
| Num 34:12 | וְיָרַ֤ד הַגְּבוּל֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔נָה וְהָי֥וּ תוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח זֹאת֩ תִּהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם הָאָ֛רֶץ לִגְבֻלֹתֶ֖יהָ סָבִֽיב׃ | And the border will go down the Jordan, and its extremities will be the Dead Sea. This will be your land according to its borders around it.’ ” | |
| Num 34:13 | וַיְצַ֣ו מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֣את הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּתְנַחֲל֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ בְּגוֹרָ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה לָתֵ֛ת לְתִשְׁעַ֥ת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַחֲצִ֥י הַמַּטֶּֽה׃ | And Moses commanded the sons of Israel and said, “This is the land which you will inherit by lot which the Lord has commanded, to be given to the nine and a half tribes. | to be given ← to give. |
| Num 34:14 | כִּ֣י לָקְח֞וּ מַטֵּ֨ה בְנֵ֤י הָראוּבֵנִי֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֔ם וּמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־הַגָּדִ֖י לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם וַחֲצִי֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לָקְח֖וּ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃ | For the tribe of the sons of the Reubenites, according to their paternal house, and the tribe of the sons of the Gadites, according to their paternal house, had received their inheritance, and half of the tribe of Manasseh had received their inheritance. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. But the tribe of Manasseh must often stand for the tribe of Joseph, a rare term (see Num 13:11 and Deut 27:12). The phrase tribe of Ephraim is also comparatively rare. |
| Num 34:15 | שְׁנֵ֥י הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֑ה לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗ם מֵעֵ֛בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ פ | Two and a half tribes had received their inheritance on the other side of the Jordan from the rest, from Jericho eastwards, to the sunrise.” | Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 34:16 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 34:17 | אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יִנְחֲל֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֶלְעָזָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ | “These are the names of the men who will allot the land to you as an inheritance: Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Num 34:18 | וְנָשִׂ֥יא אֶחָ֛ד נָשִׂ֥יא אֶחָ֖ד מִמַּטֶּ֑ה תִּקְח֖וּ לִנְחֹ֥ל אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And you will take one leader per tribe to allot the land. | to allot the land: the consonantal text could be piel, as [BHS-CA] and Num 34:29, to distribute as a possession. |
| Num 34:19 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה כָּלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃ | And these are the names of the men: for the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh. | |
| Num 34:20 | וּלְמַטֵּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֔וֹן שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Simeon: Samuel the son of Ammihud. | Samuel ← Shemuel, as AV, but we align the name with the better-known homonym Samuel of 1 Sam 1:20. |
| Num 34:21 | לְמַטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֱלִידָ֖ד בֶּן־כִּסְלֽוֹן׃ | And for the tribe of Benjamin: Elidad the son of Chislon. | |
| Num 34:22 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן נָשִׂ֑יא בֻּקִּ֖י בֶּן־יָגְלִֽי׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Dan, the leader is Bukki the son of Jogli. | |
| Num 34:23 | לִבְנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה נָשִׂ֑יא חַנִּיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־אֵפֹֽד׃ | For the sons of Joseph, for the tribe of the sons of Manasseh, the leader is Hanniel the son of Ephod. | |
| Num 34:24 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם נָשִׂ֑יא קְמוּאֵ֖ל בֶּן־שִׁפְטָֽן׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Ephraim, the leader is Kemuel the son Shiphtan. | |
| Num 34:25 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן נָשִׂ֑יא אֱלִיצָפָ֖ן בֶּן־פַּרְנָֽךְ׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Zebulun, the leader is Elizaphan the son of Parnach. | |
| Num 34:26 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָׂשכָ֖ר נָשִׂ֑יא פַּלְטִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עַזָּֽן׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Issachar, the leader is Paltiel the son of Azzan. | |
| Num 34:27 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אָשֵׁ֖ר נָשִׂ֑יא אֲחִיה֖וּד בֶּן־שְׁלֹמִֽי׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Asher, the leader is Ahihud the son of Shelomi. | |
| Num 34:28 | וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י נָשִׂ֑יא פְּדַהְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עַמִּיהֽוּד׃ | And for the tribe of the sons of Naphtali, the leader is Pedahel the son of Ammihud.” | |
| Num 34:29 | אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה לְנַחֵ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ פ | These are those whom the Lord commanded to allot the inheritance to the sons of Israel in the land of Canaan. | |
| Num 35:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho, and he said, |
Jordan at ← Jordan of.
Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Num 35:2 | צַו֮ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְנָתְנ֣וּ לַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִֽנַּחֲלַ֛ת אֲחֻזָּתָ֖ם עָרִ֣ים לָשָׁ֑בֶת וּמִגְרָ֗שׁ לֶֽעָרִים֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | “Command the sons of Israel that they must give to the Levites a contribution from the inheritance which comes into their possession, cities to dwell in, and you must give pasture for the cities around them to the Levites. | which comes into ← of. |
| Num 35:3 | וְהָי֧וּ הֶֽעָרִ֛ים לָהֶ֖ם לָשָׁ֑בֶת וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֗ם יִהְי֤וּ לִבְהֶמְתָּם֙ וְלִרְכֻשָׁ֔ם וּלְכֹ֖ל חַיָּתָֽם׃ | And the cities will be for them to dwell in, and the pasture lands will be for their cattle and for their property and for all their livestock. | |
| Num 35:4 | וּמִגְרְשֵׁי֙ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַלְוִיִּ֑ם מִקִּ֤יר הָעִיר֙ וָח֔וּצָה אֶ֥לֶף אַמָּ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ | And the pastures of the cities which you will give to the Levites will measure one thousand cubits from the wall of the city outwards round about it. | cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Num 35:5 | וּמַדֹּתֶ֞ם מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֗יר אֶת־פְּאַת־קֵ֣דְמָה אַלְפַּ֪יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֟ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־נֶגֶב֩ אַלְפַּ֨יִם בָּאַמָּ֜ה וְאֶת־פְּאַת־יָ֣ם ׀ אַלְפַּ֣יִם בָּֽאַמָּ֗ה וְאֵ֨ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפ֛וֹן אַלְפַּ֥יִם בָּאַמָּ֖ה וְהָעִ֣יר בַּתָּ֑וֶךְ זֶ֚ה יִהְיֶ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם מִגְרְשֵׁ֖י הֶעָרִֽים׃ | And you will measure from outside the city on the eastern side two thousand cubits, and on the southern side two thousand cubits, and on the western side two thousand cubits, and on the northern side two thousand cubits, with the city in the centre. This will be for their city pastures. | |
| Num 35:6 | וְאֵ֣ת הֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּתְּנוּ֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֵ֚ת שֵׁשׁ־עָרֵ֣י הַמִּקְלָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתְּנ֔וּ לָנֻ֥ס שָׁ֖מָּה הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וַעֲלֵיהֶ֣ם תִּתְּנ֔וּ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם עִֽיר׃ | And as for the cities which you will give to the Levites, there are six cities of refuge which you will give for the manslayer to flee to, and in addition to them you will give forty-two cities. | |
| Num 35:7 | כָּל־הֶעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּתְּנוּ֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה עִ֑יר אֶתְהֶ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | All the cities which you will give to the Levites amount to forty-eight cities – them with their pasture lands. | |
| Num 35:8 | וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּתְּנוּ֙ מֵאֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאֵ֤ת הָרַב֙ תַּרְבּ֔וּ וּמֵאֵ֥ת הַמְעַ֖ט תַּמְעִ֑יטוּ אִ֗ישׁ כְּפִ֤י נַחֲלָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִנְחָ֔לוּ יִתֵּ֥ן מֵעָרָ֖יו לַלְוִיִּֽם׃ פ | And as for the cities which you will give from the possessions of the sons of Israel, you will give more from him who has many, and give less from him who has few. Each will give from his cities to the Levites according to his inheritance which they inherit.” |
give more ← increase.
give less ← decrease. |
| Num 35:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses and said, | |
| Num 35:10 | דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you cross the Jordan to the land of Canaan, | |
| Num 35:11 | וְהִקְרִיתֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ עָרִ֔ים עָרֵ֥י מִקְלָ֖ט תִּהְיֶ֣ינָה לָכֶ֑ם וְנָ֥ס שָׁ֙מָּה֙ רֹצֵ֔חַ מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃ | you will select suitable cities for yourselves. They will be your cities of refuge, and a manslayer – one who strikes a person by accident – will flee there. |
select suitable cities ← select-as-suitable cities.
person ← soul. |
| Num 35:12 | וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֧ם הֶעָרִ֛ים לְמִקְלָ֖ט מִגֹּאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א יָמוּת֙ הָרֹצֵ֔חַ עַד־עָמְד֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And they will be your cities of refuge from the avenger so that the manslayer does not die before he stands before the congregation for judgment. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Num 35:13 | וְהֶעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתֵּ֑נוּ שֵׁשׁ־עָרֵ֥י מִקְלָ֖ט תִּהְיֶ֥ינָה לָכֶֽם׃ | And the cities which you give will be your six cities of refuge. | |
| Num 35:14 | אֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ הֶעָרִ֗ים תִּתְּנוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְאֵת֙ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים תִּתְּנ֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן עָרֵ֥י מִקְלָ֖ט תִּהְיֶֽינָה׃ | You will give three cities on the far side of the Jordan, and you will give three cities in the land of Canaan. They will be cities of refuge. | |
| Num 35:15 | לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּ֤ר וְלַתּוֹשָׁב֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔ם תִּהְיֶ֛ינָה שֵׁשׁ־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לְמִקְלָ֑ט לָנ֣וּס שָׁ֔מָּה כָּל־מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃ | These six cities will be for refuge – for the sons of Israel and for the foreigner and the temporary resident among them – for everyone who strikes a person by accident, to flee there. | person ← soul. |
| Num 35:16 | וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֨י בַרְזֶ֧ל ׀ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃ | But if he strikes him with an iron implement, and he dies, he is a manslayer. The manslayer will certainly be put to death. |
manslayer (2x): here, murderer, but it is not a separate word in the Hebrew of this chapter.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:17 | וְאִ֡ם בְּאֶ֣בֶן יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בָּ֥הּ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃ | And if it is the throwing of a stone by which he is killed – he strikes him, and he dies – he is a manslayer. The manslayer will certainly be put to death. |
the throwing of a stone ← stone of hand.
is killed ← dies. will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:18 | א֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵֽץ־יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃ | Or if it is a wooden hand-instrument by which he is killed – he strikes him, and he dies – then he is a manslayer. The manslayer will certainly be put to death. |
is killed ← dies.
will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:19 | גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יָמִ֖ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ ה֥וּא יְמִיתֶֽנּוּ׃ | The avenger of blood is the one who will kill the manslayer. When he meets with him, he will kill him. | |
| Num 35:20 | וְאִם־בְּשִׂנְאָ֖ה יֶהְדָּפֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו בִּצְדִיָּ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And if he thrusts him through out of hatred or casts something at him on purpose, and he dies, | on purpose: AV differs somewhat (by laying of wait). |
| Num 35:21 | א֣וֹ בְאֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֗ם יָמִ֛ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃ | or he strikes him with his hand out of enmity, and he dies, then the striker will certainly be put to death – he is a manslayer. The avenger of blood will kill the manslayer when he meets with him. | certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:22 | וְאִם־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפ֑וֹ אוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י בְּלֹ֥א צְדִיָּֽה׃ | But if he accidentally without enmity thrusts him through or casts any item at him not on purpose, |
accidentally: as [AnLx], or, as AV, suddenly. So AV differs.
any ← every. on purpose: as Num 35:20. |
| Num 35:23 | א֣וֹ בְכָל־אֶ֜בֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּא֙ לֹא־אוֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃ | or if it is by any stone that he is killed, not seeing him when he throws it on him, and he dies, and he is not at enmity with him, and he did not mean him harm, |
any ← every.
is killed ← dies. mean him harm ← seek his harm. |
| Num 35:24 | וְשָֽׁפְטוּ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין הַמַּכֶּ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֑ם עַ֥ל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | then the congregation will judge between the striker and the avenger of blood according to these principles. | principles ← judgments. |
| Num 35:25 | וְהִצִּ֨ילוּ הָעֵדָ֜ה אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֗חַ מִיַּד֮ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּם֒ וְהֵשִׁ֤יבוּ אֹתוֹ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה אֶל־עִ֥יר מִקְלָט֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָ֣ס שָׁ֑מָּה וְיָ֣שַׁב בָּ֗הּ עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־מָשַׁ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ בְּשֶׁ֥מֶן הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And the congregation may save the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation may refer him to his city of refuge where he fled to, and he will live in it until the death of the high priest who was anointed with holy oil. |
who was anointed ← whom he / one anointed. Avoidance of the passive.
holy oil ← oil of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Num 35:26 | וְאִם־יָצֹ֥א יֵצֵ֖א הָרֹצֵ֑חַ אֶת־גְּבוּל֙ עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנ֖וּס שָֽׁמָּה׃ | But if the manslayer goes out at all from the boundary of his city of refuge to where he fled, | goes out at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:27 | וּמָצָ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם מִח֕וּץ לִגְב֖וּל עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ וְרָצַ֞ח גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אֶת־הָ֣רֹצֵ֔חַ אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּֽם׃ | and the avenger of blood finds him, outside the boundary of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, then he will not be guilty of blood. | |
| Num 35:28 | כִּ֣י בְעִ֤יר מִקְלָטוֹ֙ יֵשֵׁ֔ב עַד־מ֖וֹת הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֑ל וְאַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל יָשׁוּב֙ הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | For he must stay in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest, and after the death of the high priest, the manslayer may return to the land of his possession. | |
| Num 35:29 | וְהָי֨וּ אֵ֧לֶּה לָכֶ֛ם לְחֻקַּ֥ת מִשְׁפָּ֖ט לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And these things will be a statute of justice to you for your generations in all your dwelling places. | |
| Num 35:30 | כָּל־מַ֨כֵּה־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְפִ֣י עֵדִ֔ים יִרְצַ֖ח אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד אֶחָ֔ד לֹא־יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ לָמֽוּת׃ | As for anyone who strikes a person: on the testimony of witnesses one will execute the manslayer, but just one witness will not provide testimony against a person for conviction for him to be put to death. |
anyone ← everyone.
testimony (first occurrence in verse) ← mouth. provide testimony ← answer. person ← soul. to be put to death ← to die. |
| Num 35:31 | וְלֹֽא־תִקְח֥וּ כֹ֙פֶר֙ לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ רֹצֵ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא רָשָׁ֖ע לָמ֑וּת כִּי־מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And you will not take a ransom for the life of the manslayer, who is punishable by death, for he will certainly be put to death. |
life ← soul.
punishable by death ← wicked to die. will certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Num 35:32 | וְלֹא־תִקְח֣וּ כֹ֔פֶר לָנ֖וּס אֶל־עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ לָשׁוּב֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בָּאָ֔רֶץ עַד־מ֖וֹת הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And you will not take a ransom from anyone in exchange for fleeing to his city of refuge, so as to live in the land again, before the death of the priest. | before ← up to. |
| Num 35:33 | וְלֹֽא־תַחֲנִ֣יפוּ אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ בָּ֔הּ כִּ֣י הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יַחֲנִ֖יף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלָאָ֣רֶץ לֹֽא־יְכֻפַּ֗ר לַדָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שֻׁפַּךְ־בָּ֔הּ כִּי־אִ֖ם בְּדַ֥ם שֹׁפְכֽוֹ׃ | And you will not defile the land which you are in, for it is the blood that defiles the land, and there is no expiation for the land of the blood which was shed on it, except by the blood of him who shed it. | |
| Num 35:34 | וְלֹ֧א תְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י שֹׁכֵ֣ן בְּתוֹכָ֑הּ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁכֵ֕ן בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And you will not make the land which you are living in unclean, in the midst of which I dwell. For I, the Lord, dwell in the midst of the sons of Israel.’ ” | |
| Num 36:1 | וַֽיִּקְרְב֞וּ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֗וֹת לְמִשְׁפַּ֤חַת בְּנֵֽי־גִלְעָד֙ בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה מִֽמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֑ף וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ לִפְנֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַנְּשִׂאִ֔ים רָאשֵׁ֥י אָב֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the heads of the fathers of the family of the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of the sons of Joseph, approached and spoke before Moses and before the leaders – the paternal heads of the sons of Israel. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Num 36:2 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶת־אֲדֹנִי֙ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה לָתֵ֨ת אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ בְּנַחֲלָ֛ה בְּגוֹרָ֖ל לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽאדֹנִי֙ צֻוָּ֣ה בַֽיהוָ֔ה לָתֵ֗ת אֶֽת־נַחֲלַ֛ת צְלָפְחָ֥ד אָחִ֖ינוּ לִבְנֹתָֽיו׃ | And they said, “The Lord commanded my lord to give the land as an inheritance by lot to the sons of Israel, and my lord was commanded by the Lord to give the inheritance of Zelophehad our brother to his daughters. |
commanded: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
as an inheritance ← in inheritance. Zelophehad: see Num 26:33. |
| Num 36:3 | וְ֠הָיוּ לְאֶחָ֞ד מִבְּנֵ֨י שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לְנָשִׁים֒ וְנִגְרְעָ֤ה נַחֲלָתָן֙ מִנַּחֲלַ֣ת אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹסַ֕ף עַ֚ל נַחֲלַ֣ת הַמַּטֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּהְיֶ֖ינָה לָהֶ֑ם וּמִגֹּרַ֥ל נַחֲלָתֵ֖נוּ יִגָּרֵֽעַ׃ | And if they become wives to any of the sons of the tribes of the sons of Israel, then their inheritance is a reduction of the inheritance of our fathers, and it is added to the inheritance of the tribe of which they become part, and there is a reduction in the allotment of our inheritance. | any ← one. |
| Num 36:4 | וְאִם־יִהְיֶ֣ה הַיֹּבֵל֮ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְנֽוֹסְפָה֙ נַחֲלָתָ֔ן עַ֚ל נַחֲלַ֣ת הַמַּטֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּהְיֶ֖ינָה לָהֶ֑ם וּמִֽנַּחֲלַת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ יִגָּרַ֖ע נַחֲלָתָֽן׃ | And if it is the Jubilee of the sons of Israel, then their inheritance is added to the tribe of which they become part, and their inheritance is a reduction of the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers.” | |
| Num 36:5 | וַיְצַ֤ו מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֵּ֛ן מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף דֹּבְרִֽים׃ | Then Moses commanded the sons of Israel according to the instruction of the Lord, and he said, “The tribe of the sons of Joseph speaks well. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Num 36:6 | זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה לִבְנ֤וֹת צְלָפְחָד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם תִּהְיֶ֣ינָה לְנָשִׁ֑ים אַ֗ךְ לְמִשְׁפַּ֛חַת מַטֵּ֥ה אֲבִיהֶ֖ם תִּהְיֶ֥ינָה לְנָשִֽׁים׃ | This is the word which the Lord commands the daughters of Zelophehad, and he says, ‘Let them be wives to whomever they like, but let them be wives to the family of the tribe of their father. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
to whomever they like ← to the good in their eyes. |
| Num 36:7 | וְלֹֽא־תִסֹּ֤ב נַחֲלָה֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִמַּטֶּ֖ה אֶל־מַטֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י אִ֗ישׁ בְּנַחֲלַת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה אֲבֹתָ֔יו יִדְבְּק֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the inheritance of the sons of Israel will not go round from tribe to tribe. For everyone of the sons of Israel will stick to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers. | |
| Num 36:8 | וְכָל־בַּ֞ת יֹרֶ֣שֶׁת נַחֲלָ֗ה מִמַּטּוֹת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ לְאֶחָ֗ד מִמִּשְׁפַּ֛חַת מַטֵּ֥ה אָבִ֖יהָ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לְאִשָּׁ֑ה לְמַ֗עַן יִֽירְשׁוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֖ישׁ נַחֲלַ֥ת אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And every daughter who inherits an inheritance from the tribes of the sons of Israel will be a wife to someone from a family of the tribe of her father, so that the sons of Israel all inherit the inheritance of their fathers. | their fathers ← his fathers. |
| Num 36:9 | וְלֹֽא־תִסֹּ֧ב נַחֲלָ֛ה מִמַּטֶּ֖ה לְמַטֶּ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר כִּי־אִישׁ֙ בְּנַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ יִדְבְּק֕וּ מַטּ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the inheritance will not go round from one tribe to another tribe, for each member of the tribes of the sons of Israel will stick to his inheritance.’ ” | |
| Num 36:10 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ בְּנ֥וֹת צְלָפְחָֽד׃ | As the Lord commanded Moses, so the daughters of Zelophehad did. | Zelophehad: see Num 26:33. |
| Num 36:11 | וַתִּהְיֶ֜ינָה מַחְלָ֣ה תִרְצָ֗ה וְחָגְלָ֧ה וּמִלְכָּ֛ה וְנֹעָ֖ה בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָ֑ד לִבְנֵ֥י דֹדֵיהֶ֖ן לְנָשִֽׁים׃ | And Mahlah, Tirzah and Hoglah and Milcah and Noah, the daughters of Zelophehad, became wives of the sons of their uncles. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
the sons of their uncles: including distant cousins. |
| Num 36:12 | מִֽמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֛ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בֶן־יוֹסֵ֖ף הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים וַתְּהִי֙ נַחֲלָתָ֔ן עַל־מַטֵּ֖ה מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֲבִיהֶֽן׃ | And they became wives to husbands from the families of the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance was in the tribe of the family of their father. | |
| Num 36:13 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֞ת וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ | These were the commandments and the injunctions which the Lord commanded the sons of Israel through the intermediacy of Moses in the arid tracts of Moab, near the Jordan at Jericho. |
intermediacy ← hand.
Jordan at ← Jordan of. Jericho: sometimes this seems to apply to a place east of the Jordan. See 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). |
| Deut 1:1 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ מ֨וֹל ס֜וּף בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | These are the words which Moses spoke to the whole of Israel across the Jordan in the desert, in the arid tract opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban and Hazeroth and Di-Zahab, | Suph: AV differs (the Red Sea), “Sea” italicized, as there is no word for sea in the Hebrew. But halfway between Paran and Tophel would be near Kadesh-Barnea, 30 miles (50 km.) north-west of the Red Sea. |
| Deut 1:2 | אַחַ֨ד עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ מֵֽחֹרֵ֔ב דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַר־שֵׂעִ֑יר עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ | it being eleven days' journey from Horeb, by the route of Mount Seir to Kadesh-Barnea. | Horeb: also known as Sinai. |
| Deut 1:3 | וַיְהִי֙ בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹת֖וֹ אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ | Now it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, according to everything that the Lord had commanded him to pass on to them, | |
| Deut 1:4 | אַחֲרֵ֣י הַכֹּת֗וֹ אֵ֚ת סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וְאֵ֗ת ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁר־יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | after he had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan who lived in Ashtaroth in Edrei. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Deut 1:5 | בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב הוֹאִ֣יל מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Across the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses started to expound this law, and he said, | |
| Deut 1:6 | יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחֹרֵ֣ב לֵאמֹ֑ר רַב־לָכֶ֥ם שֶׁ֖בֶת בָּהָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | “The Lord our God spoke to us at Horeb and said, ‘You have dwelt long enough at this mountain. |
Moses' speech ends at Deut 4:40.
long enough ← enough / much for you. |
| Deut 1:7 | פְּנ֣וּ ׀ וּסְע֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם וּבֹ֨אוּ הַ֥ר הָֽאֱמֹרִי֮ וְאֶל־כָּל־שְׁכֵנָיו֒ בָּעֲרָבָ֥ה בָהָ֛ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֥ה וּבַנֶּ֖גֶב וּבְח֣וֹף הַיָּ֑ם אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַלְּבָנ֔וֹן עַד־הַנָּהָ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל נְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃ | Wend your way and get yourselves moving and go to the mount of the Amorites and all its neighbouring areas in the arid tract, on the mountain, and in the lowland, and in the south and at the coast of the sea – the land of the Canaanite, and Lebanon – as far as the great river, the River Euphrates. |
get yourselves moving ← move for yourselves.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. Lebanon ← the Lebanon; also frequently elsewhere. |
| Deut 1:8 | רְאֵ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ בֹּ֚אוּ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבַּ֣ע יְ֠הוָה לַאֲבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם לְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לְיִצְחָ֤ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב֙ לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֔ם וּלְזַרְעָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Look, I have put the land in front of you. Come and take possession of the land about which the Lord swore to your fathers – to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob – that he would give it to them and to their seed after them.’ | |
| Deut 1:9 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל לְבַדִּ֖י שְׂאֵ֥ת אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I spoke to you at that time and said, ‘I cannot bear you on my own. | |
| Deut 1:10 | יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם הִרְבָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְהִנְּכֶ֣ם הַיּ֔וֹם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹֽב׃ | The Lord your God has increased you, and here you are today like the stars of the sky in abundance.’ | here you are ← behold you. |
| Deut 1:11 | יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם כָּכֶ֖ם אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ | (May the Lord, the God of your fathers, increase you to be a thousand times what you are, and may he bless you, as he has said to you.) | what you are ← as you. |
| Deut 1:12 | אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם וְרִֽיבְכֶֽם׃ | ‘How can I bear your vexatiousness and your burdensomeness and your strife on my own? | |
| Deut 1:13 | הָב֣וּ לָ֠כֶם אֲנָשִׁ֨ים חֲכָמִ֧ים וּנְבֹנִ֛ים וִידֻעִ֖ים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשִׂימֵ֖ם בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶֽם׃ | Appoint for yourselves wise, intelligent and knowledgeable men according to your tribes, and I will set them up as your heads.’ | |
| Deut 1:14 | וַֽתַּעֲנ֖וּ אֹתִ֑י וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ טֽוֹב־הַדָּבָ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | And you answered me and said, ‘The matter which you have spoken is right to do.’ | |
| Deut 1:15 | וָאֶקַּ֞ח אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֣י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁ֤ים חֲכָמִים֙ וִֽידֻעִ֔ים וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם רָאשִׁ֖ים עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֗וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת וְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם׃ | So I took the heads of your tribes, wise and knowledgeable men, and I appointed them as heads over you, commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred and commanders of fifty and commanders of ten, and officers, according to your tribes. | |
| Deut 1:16 | וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם צֶ֔דֶק בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ׃ | And I instructed your judges at that time, and I said, ‘Hear the case between your brothers and judge justly between a man and his brother and the foreigner with him. |
hear: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
judge justly ← judge justice. the foreigner with him ← his foreigner. |
| Deut 1:17 | לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן לֹ֤א תָג֙וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן אֵלַ֖י וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו׃ | You shall not show partiality in judgment: you shall hear the small in the same way as the great; you shall not be afraid of any man, for judgment is of concern to God, and if a case is too hard for you, bring it to me, and I will hear it.’ | show partiality ← recognize faces. |
| Deut 1:18 | וָאֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑וא אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃ | Then I commanded you at that time as to all the things that you should do. | |
| Deut 1:19 | וַנִּסַּ֣ע מֵחֹרֵ֗ב וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַגָּדוֹל֩ וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א הַה֜וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַ֣ר הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֹתָ֑נוּ וַנָּבֹ֕א עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ | Then we moved from Horeb, and we went through all that great and fearful desert which you have seen – the way of the mount of the Amorites – as the Lord our God commanded us, and we came to Kadesh-Barnea. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 1:20 | וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵכֶ֑ם בָּאתֶם֙ עַד־הַ֣ר הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ׃ | And I said to you, ‘You have come to the mount of the Amorites which the Lord our God is giving us. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 1:21 | רְ֠אֵה נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֲלֵ֣ה רֵ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת׃ | See, the Lord your God has put the land in front of you. Go up and take possession of it as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you. Do not fear and do not be afraid.’ | you (2x): singular. The verbal forms are also singular. |
| Deut 1:22 | וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַי֮ כֻּלְּכֶם֒ וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ נִשְׁלְחָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְיַחְפְּרוּ־לָ֖נוּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיָשִׁ֤בוּ אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ דָּבָ֔ר אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲלֶה־בָּ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָבֹ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽן׃ | And you all approached me and said, ‘We will send men on ahead of us, and they will investigate the land for us and report back to us on the way by which we should go up, and on the cities to which we should go.’ | you: plural. |
| Deut 1:23 | וַיִּיטַ֥ב בְּעֵינַ֖י הַדָּבָ֑ר וָאֶקַּ֤ח מִכֶּם֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד לַשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | And I approved of the matter, and I took twelve of your men, one man per tribe. | I approved of ← it was good in my eyes. |
| Deut 1:24 | וַיִּפְנוּ֙ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ הָהָ֔רָה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֑ל וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֹתָֽהּ׃ | And they wended their way, and they went up to the mountain, and they came to the Brook of Eshcol, and they spied it out. | |
| Deut 1:25 | וַיִּקְח֤וּ בְיָדָם֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיּוֹרִ֖דוּ אֵלֵ֑ינוּ וַיָּשִׁ֨בוּ אֹתָ֤נוּ דָבָר֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ טוֹבָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ׃ | And they took some of the fruit of the land in their hand, and they brought it down to us, and they reported back to us, and they said, ‘The land which the Lord our God is giving us is good.’ | |
| Deut 1:26 | וְלֹ֥א אֲבִיתֶ֖ם לַעֲלֹ֑ת וַתַּמְר֕וּ אֶת־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | But you were not willing to go up, and you resisted the instruction of the Lord your God. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Deut 1:27 | וַתֵּרָגְנ֤וּ בְאָהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ בְּשִׂנְאַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔נוּ הוֹצִיאָ֖נוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַשְׁמִידֵֽנוּ׃ | And you rebelled in your tents, and you said, ‘In his hatred of us the Lord has brought us out of the land of Egypt to deliver us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us. | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 1:28 | אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים אַחֵינוּ֩ הֵמַ֨סּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר עַ֣ם גָּד֤וֹל וָרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וּבְצוּרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָקִ֖ים רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | To where can we go up? Our brothers have made us faint-hearted, and they said, «The people are greater and more powerful than we are, the cities are large and fortified to the sky, and we have also seen the sons of the Anakites there.» ’ |
made us faint-hearted ← melted our hearts (so not in the English idiomatic sense of making one feel tender-hearted).
Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Deut 1:29 | וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵכֶ֑ם לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן וְֽלֹא־תִֽירְא֖וּן מֵהֶֽם׃ | But I said to you, ‘Do not be terrified and do not fear them. | |
| Deut 1:30 | יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה אִתְּכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | The Lord your God, who goes before you – he will fight for you, just as everything that he did with you in Egypt before your eyes, | |
| Deut 1:31 | וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | and in the desert, where you have seen that the Lord your God put up with you as a man puts up with his own son, in all the way you went, as far as you arriving at this place.’ | |
| Deut 1:32 | וּבַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה אֵֽינְכֶם֙ מַאֲמִינִ֔ם בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Yet in this matter you do not believe the Lord your God, | believe ← believe in. They believed the Lord existed, but not his promise or his ability to deliver. |
| Deut 1:33 | הַהֹלֵ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֜ם בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ לָת֥וּר לָכֶ֛ם מָק֖וֹם לַֽחֲנֹֽתְכֶ֑ם בָּאֵ֣שׁ ׀ לַ֗יְלָה לַרְאֹֽתְכֶם֙ בַּדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וּבֶעָנָ֖ן יוֹמָֽם׃ | who goes before you on the way, to search out a place for you, for you to encamp, in fire at night to show you the way you must go, and in the cloud by day. | |
| Deut 1:34 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְצֹ֖ף וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now when the Lord heard the sound of your words, he became angry, and he swore and said, | |
| Deut 1:35 | אִם־יִרְאֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַדּ֥וֹר הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֚ת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבַּ֔עְתִּי לָתֵ֖ת לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | ‘Assuredly not a man among these men – this evil generation – will see the good land which I swore to give your fathers, | assuredly not a man ... will see ← if a man will see, standing for if a man ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Deut 1:36 | זֽוּלָתִ֞י כָּלֵ֤ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה֙ ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה וְלֽוֹ־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖הּ וּלְבָנָ֑יו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | except Caleb the son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him the land which he has trodden on, and his sons, because he has been fully committed to the Lord.’ | he has been fully committed ← he has fulfilled after. |
| Deut 1:37 | גַּם־בִּי֙ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה לֹא־תָבֹ֥א שָֽׁם׃ | The Lord also became angry with me, because of you, and he said, ‘Neither will you go there. | |
| Deut 1:38 | יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן נוּן֙ הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְפָנֶ֔יךָ ה֖וּא יָ֣בֹא שָׁ֑מָּה אֹת֣וֹ חַזֵּ֔ק כִּי־ה֖וּא יַנְחִלֶ֥נָּה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Joshua the son of Nun, who is standing before you – he will go there. Strengthen him, because he will enable Israel to inherit it. | |
| Deut 1:39 | וְטַפְּכֶם֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֜ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֗ה וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יָדְע֤וּ הַיּוֹם֙ ט֣וֹב וָרָ֔ע הֵ֖מָּה יָבֹ֣אוּ שָׁ֑מָּה וְלָהֶ֣ם אֶתְּנֶ֔נָּה וְהֵ֖ם יִירָשֽׁוּהָּ׃ | But your little ones, whom you said would be spoil, and your sons who do not currently know good and evil – they will go in there, and I will give it to them, and they will take possession of it. |
would be spoil: see Num 14:13.
currently ← today ← the day. |
| Deut 1:40 | וְאַתֶּ֖ם פְּנ֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם וּסְע֥וּ הַמִּדְבָּ֖רָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ יַם־סֽוּף׃ | But as for you, wend your way and move to the desert by the way of the Red Sea.’ | |
| Deut 1:41 | וַֽתַּעֲנ֣וּ ׀ וַתֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלַ֗י חָטָאנוּ֮ לַֽיהוָה֒ אֲנַ֤חְנוּ נַעֲלֶה֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְנוּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖נוּ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽתַּחְגְּר֗וּ אִ֚ישׁ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י מִלְחַמְתּ֔וֹ וַתָּהִ֖ינוּ לַעֲלֹ֥ת הָהָֽרָה׃ | Then you answered and said to me, ‘We have sinned against the Lord; we will go up and fight according to everything that the Lord our God commands us.’ And each of you girded on his weapons of war, and you presumed to go up the mountain. | |
| Deut 1:42 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | And the Lord said to me, ‘Say to them, «You shall not go up, and you shall not fight, for I am not in your midst, so that you do not get struck down by your enemies.» ’ | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 1:43 | וָאֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וַתַּמְרוּ֙ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתָּזִ֖דוּ וַתַּעֲל֥וּ הָהָֽרָה׃ | So I spoke to you, but you would not listen, and you rebelled against the instruction of the Lord, and you acted insolently and went up the mountain. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Deut 1:44 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א הָאֱמֹרִ֜י הַיֹּשֵׁ֨ב בָּהָ֤ר הַהוּא֙ לִקְרַאתְכֶ֔ם וַיִּרְדְּפ֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ינָה הַדְּבֹרִ֑ים וַֽיַּכְּת֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֛ם בְּשֵׂעִ֖יר עַד־חָרְמָֽה׃ | And the Amorite who lives on that mountain came out against you and pursued you as bees do, and they routed you in Seir and as far as Hormah. | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 1:45 | וַתָּשֻׁ֥בוּ וַתִּבְכּ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ בְּקֹ֣לְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then you came back and wept before the Lord, but the Lord did not heed you and did not hearken to you. | heed you ← listen to your voice. |
| Deut 1:46 | וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בְקָדֵ֖שׁ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ | And you dwelt in Kadesh for many days; such were the days you dwelt there. | |
| Deut 2:1 | וַנֵּ֜פֶן וַנִּסַּ֤ע הַמִּדְבָּ֙רָה֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יַם־ס֔וּף כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַנָּ֥סָב אֶת־הַר־שֵׂעִ֖יר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ ס | Then we turned and moved to the desert by the way of the Red Sea, as the Lord had said to me, and we went round Mount Seir for many days. | Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. |
| Deut 2:2 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to me and said, | |
| Deut 2:3 | רַב־לָכֶ֕ם סֹ֖ב אֶת־הָהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה פְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם צָפֹֽנָה׃ | ‘You have gone round this mountain long enough. Take a turn northwards. |
you ... long enough ← much / enough for you.
take a turn ← turn for yourselves. |
| Deut 2:4 | וְאֶת־הָעָם֮ צַ֣ו לֵאמֹר֒ אַתֶּ֣ם עֹֽבְרִ֗ים בִּגְבוּל֙ אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם בְּנֵי־עֵשָׂ֔ו הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּשֵׂעִ֑יר וְיִֽירְא֣וּ מִכֶּ֔ם וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | And command the people and say, «You will be crossing the territory of your brothers – the sons of Esau who live in Seir – and they will be afraid of you, so you will be very much on your guard. | territory ← border, but also what is inside it, the territory. |
| Deut 2:5 | אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֤ן לָכֶם֙ מֵֽאַרְצָ֔ם עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל כִּֽי־יְרֻשָּׁ֣ה לְעֵשָׂ֔ו נָתַ֖תִּי אֶת־הַ֥ר שֵׂעִֽיר׃ | Do not engage them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even the print of a footstep, for I have given Mount Seir as a possession to Esau. | |
| Deut 2:6 | אֹ֣כֶל תִּשְׁבְּר֧וּ מֵֽאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־מַ֜יִם תִּכְר֧וּ מֵאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּשְׁתִיתֶֽם׃ | You may buy food for money from them and eat it, and you may also procure water for money from them and drink it. | |
| Deut 2:7 | כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בֵּֽרַכְךָ֗ בְּכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֔ךָ יָדַ֣ע לֶכְתְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה זֶ֣ה ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א חָסַ֖רְתָּ דָּבָֽר׃ | For the Lord your God has blessed you in every work of your hands. He knows your walk in this great desert. For forty years now the Lord your God has been with you; you have lacked nothing.» ’ | hands ← hand. |
| Deut 2:8 | וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֞ר מֵאֵ֧ת אַחֵ֣ינוּ בְנֵי־עֵשָׂ֗ו הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּשֵׂעִ֔יר מִדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ הָֽעֲרָבָ֔ה מֵאֵילַ֖ת וּמֵעֶצְיֹ֣ן גָּ֑בֶר ס וַנֵּ֙פֶן֙ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ מִדְבַּ֥ר מוֹאָֽב׃ | And we crossed through the territory of our brothers – the sons of Esau – who live in Seir, by the way of the arid tract from Elath and Ezion-Geber, and we turned and crossed by the way of the Desert of Moab. | Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. |
| Deut 2:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶל־תָּ֙צַר֙ אֶת־מוֹאָ֔ב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר בָּ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־ל֔וֹט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃ | Then the Lord said to me, ‘Do not cause distress to Moab and do not engage them in war, for I will not give you any of his land as a possession, for I have given Ar to the sons of Lot as a possession. |
do not: we, and all 27 translations on biblehub.com, read אַל not [WLC]'s אֶל, which is classified as “unexpected”.
cause distress: we, with AV, take this as hiphil of צָרַר. [AnLx] takes it a qal of צוּר, assail. |
| Deut 2:10 | הָאֵמִ֥ים לְפָנִ֖ים יָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑הּ עַ֣ם גָּד֥וֹל וְרַ֛ב וָרָ֖ם כָּעֲנָקִֽים׃ | The Emites inhabited it in times past. They were as great and numerous and powerful as the Anakites. |
Emites: AV= Emims.
powerful: or tall. Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Deut 2:11 | רְפָאִ֛ים יֵחָשְׁב֥וּ אַף־הֵ֖ם כָּעֲנָקִ֑ים וְהַמֹּ֣אָבִ֔ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֵמִֽים׃ | They too are considered Rephaim, like the Anakites, and the Moabites call them Emites. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants).
Anakites: AV= Anakims. Emites: AV= Emims. |
| Deut 2:12 | וּבְשֵׂעִ֞יר יָשְׁב֣וּ הַחֹרִים֮ לְפָנִים֒ וּבְנֵ֧י עֵשָׂ֣ו יִֽירָשׁ֗וּם וַיַּשְׁמִידוּם֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ תַּחְתָּ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָׂ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ יְרֻשָּׁת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃ | And the Horites dwelt in Seir in times past, but the sons of Esau dispossessed them and destroyed them in their advance, and they dwelt there instead of them, just as Israel did to the land of its possession which the Lord gave them. |
Horites: AV= Horims. But in Gen 14:6 and elsewhere in Genesis, AV= Horites.
in their advance ← from before them. |
| Deut 2:13 | עַתָּ֗ה קֻ֛מוּ וְעִבְר֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־נַ֣חַל זָ֑רֶד וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־נַ֥חַל זָֽרֶד׃ | Now get up and get crossing the Zered Brook.’ And we duly crossed the Zered Brook. | get crossing ← cross for yourselves. Idiomatic. |
| Deut 2:14 | וְהַיָּמִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣כְנוּ ׀ מִקָּדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֗עַ עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֙רְנוּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל זֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַדּ֜וֹר אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ מִקֶּ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃ | And the time in which we went from Kadesh-Barnea until we had crossed the Zered Brook was thirty-eight years – until the whole generation of the men of war had come to an end and was not in the camp, as the Lord had sworn to them. |
time ← days.
and was not in ← from the midst of. |
| Deut 2:15 | וְגַ֤ם יַד־יְהוָה֙ הָ֣יְתָה בָּ֔ם לְהֻמָּ֖ם מִקֶּ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה עַ֖ד תֻּמָּֽם׃ | Moreover the hand of the Lord was against them, to drive them out of the midst of the camp until they had come to an end. | moreover ← and also. |
| Deut 2:16 | וַיְהִ֨י כַאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֜מּוּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֧י הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה לָמ֖וּת מִקֶּ֥רֶב הָעָֽם׃ ס | And it came to pass when all the men of war had come to an end, by dying in the midst of the people, |
by dying: gerundial use of the infinitive.
in ← from. |
| Deut 2:17 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | that the Lord spoke to me and said, | |
| Deut 2:18 | אַתָּ֨ה עֹבֵ֥ר הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־עָֽר׃ | ‘You are crossing the territory of Moab today, that is, Ar, | territory: see Deut 2:4. |
| Deut 2:19 | וְקָרַבְתָּ֗ מ֚וּל בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃ | and you will go near, but opposite, the sons of Ammon. Do not cause them distress and do not engage them, for I will not give you any of the land of the sons of Ammon as a possession, because I have given it to the sons of Lot as a possession.’ | |
| Deut 2:20 | אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא רְפָאִ֤ים יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ֙ לְפָנִ֔ים וְהָֽעַמֹּנִ֔ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם זַמְזֻמִּֽים׃ | This is also considered the land of the Rephaim. The Rephaim lived there in times past, and the Ammonites call them Zamzummites |
Rephaim (2x): see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants).
Zamzummites: AV= Zamzummims. |
| Deut 2:21 | עַ֣ם גָּד֥וֹל וְרַ֛ב וָרָ֖ם כָּעֲנָקִ֑ים וַיַּשְׁמִידֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּירָשֻׁ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם׃ | – a people as great and numerous and powerful as the Anakites – but the Lord destroyed them at their advance, and they dispossessed them, and they dwelt there instead of them, |
powerful: or tall.
Anakites: AV= Anakims. at their advance ← from before them. |
| Deut 2:22 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עֵשָׂ֔ו הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּשֵׂעִ֑יר אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִשְׁמִ֤יד אֶת־הַחֹרִי֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽירָשֻׁם֙ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ תַחְתָּ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | just as he did for the sons of Esau who dwelt in Seir, when he destroyed the Horites at their advance and dispossessed them, and they have been living there instead of them up to this day. |
Horites: AV= Horims. But in Gen 14:6 and elsewhere in Genesis, AV= Horites.
at their advance ← from before them. |
| Deut 2:23 | וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בַּחֲצֵרִ֖ים עַד־עַזָּ֑ה כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר הִשְׁמִידֻ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם׃ | And as for the Avites who dwelt in Hazerim and as far as Gaza, the Caphtorites who came from Caphtor destroyed them and dwelt there instead of them. |
Avites: AV= Avims. But in Josh 13:3, AV= Avites.
Gaza ← Azzah. AV= Azzah here, but Gaza elsewhere, except 1 Ki 5:4 (1 Ki 4:24AV), Jer 25:20. Caphtorites: AV= Caphtorims. |
| Deut 2:24 | ק֣וּמוּ סְּע֗וּ וְעִבְרוּ֮ אֶת־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹן֒ רְאֵ֣ה נָתַ֣תִּי בְ֠יָדְךָ אֶת־סִיחֹ֨ן מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבּ֧וֹן הָֽאֱמֹרִ֛י וְאֶת־אַרְצ֖וֹ הָחֵ֣ל רָ֑שׁ וְהִתְגָּ֥ר בּ֖וֹ מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | ‘Get up and move on and cross the Arnon Brook. Look, I have put Sihon king of Heshbon, the Amorite, in your power, so begin to possess his land and engage him in battle. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
power ← hand. |
| Deut 2:25 | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה אָחֵל֙ תֵּ֤ת פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ שִׁמְעֲךָ֔ וְרָגְז֥וּ וְחָל֖וּ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | This day I will begin to put dread of you and fear of you among the nations under the whole of heaven when they hear your reputation and are awestruck, and they reel in front of you.’ | dread of you ... fear of you ← your dread ... your fear, objective genitives. |
| Deut 2:26 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכִים֙ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר קְדֵמ֔וֹת אֶל־סִיח֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן דִּבְרֵ֥י שָׁל֖וֹם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And I sent messengers from the Desert of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with peaceful words, saying, | |
| Deut 2:27 | אֶעְבְּרָ֣ה בְאַרְצֶ֔ךָ בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ לֹ֥א אָס֖וּר יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ | ‘Let me cross your land. I will only go by the main roads; I will not deviate to the right or to the left. | only go by the main roads ← by the road, by the road. |
| Deut 2:28 | אֹ֣כֶל בַּכֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֙נִי֙ וְאָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֛יִם בַּכֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖י וְשָׁתִ֑יתִי רַ֖ק אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְרַגְלָֽי׃ | Sell me food for money so that I can eat, and give me water for money so that I can drink, but let me cross on foot, |
sell ... give ← you will sell ... you will give. Future / imperfective for imperative, common in informal Modern Hebrew.
on foot ← by my foot. |
| Deut 2:29 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָֽשׂוּ־לִ֜י בְּנֵ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּשֵׂעִ֔יר וְהַמּ֣וֹאָבִ֔ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּעָ֑ר עַ֤ד אֲשֶֽׁר־אֶֽעֱבֹר֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ׃ | as the sons of Esau did for me, who live in Seir, and the Moabites who live in Ar, until I have crossed the Jordan into the land which the Lord our God is giving us.’ | |
| Deut 2:30 | וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֗ה סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ לְמַ֛עַן תִּתּ֥וֹ בְיָדְךָ֖ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | But Sihon king of Heshbon was not willing to let us pass through his land, for the Lord your God had hardened his spirit, and he had made his heart obstinate, so that he could put him in your power, as it is to this day. | through his land ← through him. |
| Deut 2:31 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י רְאֵ֗ה הַֽחִלֹּ֙תִי֙ תֵּ֣ת לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶת־סִיחֹ֖ן וְאֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ הָחֵ֣ל רָ֔שׁ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said to me, ‘Look, I have started to put Sihon and his land in front of you. Make a start and possess it – to possess his land.’ | I have started: with Aramaic pointing (הַ for הֲ), as in Esth 6:13. |
| Deut 2:32 | וַיֵּצֵא֩ סִיחֹ֨ן לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָֽהְצָה׃ | Then Sihon came out to confront us – he and all his people – to battle at Jahaz. | at Jahaz ← to Jahaz. |
| Deut 2:33 | וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֛הוּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ וַנַּ֥ךְ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־*בנו **בָּנָ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord our God put him in front of us, and we defeated him and {K: his son} [Q: his sons] and all his people. | |
| Deut 2:34 | וַנִּלְכֹּ֤ד אֶת־כָּל־עָרָיו֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַֽנַּחֲרֵם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עִ֣יר מְתִ֔ם וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּ֑ף לֹ֥א הִשְׁאַ֖רְנוּ שָׂרִֽיד׃ | And we captured all his cities at that time, and we utterly destroyed the men and the women and the children in every city. We did not leave a single survivor, | we utterly destroyed the men and the women and the children in every city ← we utterly destroyed every city of men, and the women and the children. |
| Deut 2:35 | רַ֥ק הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה בָּזַ֣זְנוּ לָ֑נוּ וּשְׁלַ֥ל הֶעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָכָֽדְנוּ׃ | except that we took cattle as spoil for ourselves, and the booty of the cities which we had captured, | |
| Deut 2:36 | מֵֽעֲרֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנֹ֜ן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּנַּ֙חַל֙ וְעַד־הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לֹ֤א הָֽיְתָה֙ קִרְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂגְבָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֶת־הַכֹּ֕ל נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ לְפָנֵֽינוּ׃ | from Aroer which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook, and the city which is at the brook, and as far as Gilead. There was no town that was too strong for us – the Lord our God placed everything in front of us, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead. |
| Deut 2:37 | רַ֛ק אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֖וֹן לֹ֣א קָרָ֑בְתָּ כָּל־יַ֞ד נַ֤חַל יַבֹּק֙ וְעָרֵ֣י הָהָ֔ר וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | except that you did not approach the sons of Ammon, nor any place on the Jabbok Brook, nor the cities of the mountain range, nor anything that the Lord our God forbade us. |
any ← every.
place ← hand. anything ← everything. forbade ← commanded, but also commanded not to. Compare Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13. |
| Deut 3:1 | וַנֵּ֣פֶן וַנַּ֔עַל דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן וַיֵּצֵ֣א עוֹג֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֨ן לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | Then we turned and went up by the way of Bashan, and Og king of Bashan came out to confront us – he and all his people – to battle at Edrei. | Bashan (2x) ← the Bashan. Also elsewhere. |
| Deut 3:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֣י בְיָדְךָ֞ נָתַ֧תִּי אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֗יתָ לְסִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ | And the Lord said to me, ‘Do not fear him, for I have handed him over to you, and all his people, and his land. And you will do to him what you did to Sihon king of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon.’ | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 3:3 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ בְּיָדֵ֗נוּ גַּ֛ם אֶת־ע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֑וֹ וַנַּכֵּ֕הוּ עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִֽיד׃ | And the Lord our God also handed Og king of Bashan over to us, and all his people, and we defeated him to the extent that no survivor remained to him. | Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Deut 3:4 | וַנִּלְכֹּ֤ד אֶת־כָּל־עָרָיו֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לֹ֤א הָֽיְתָה֙ קִרְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־לָקַ֖חְנוּ מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִיר֙ כָּל־חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב מַמְלֶ֥כֶת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָֽׁן׃ | And we captured all his cities at that time – there was no town that we did not capture from them – sixty cities, the whole region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan. | Bashan ← the Bashan, and in the rest the chapter (and elsewhere). |
| Deut 3:5 | כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה עָרִ֧ים בְּצֻר֛וֹת חוֹמָ֥ה גְבֹהָ֖ה דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ לְבַ֛ד מֵעָרֵ֥י הַפְּרָזִ֖י הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | All of these were cities fortified with a high wall, gates and bolts, apart from the very many open rural towns, | bolts ← a bolt. Collective usage, “bolting”. |
| Deut 3:6 | וַנַּחֲרֵ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ינוּ לְסִיחֹ֖ן מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן הַחֲרֵם֙ כָּל־עִ֣יר מְתִ֔ם הַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף׃ | and we utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, in utterly destroying in every city the men, the women, and the little ones. | in utterly destroying: gerundial use of the infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 3:7 | וְכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּשְׁלַ֥ל הֶעָרִ֖ים בַּזּ֥וֹנוּ לָֽנוּ׃ | And we took all the cattle and booty of the towns as spoil for ourselves. | |
| Deut 3:8 | וַנִּקַּ֞ח בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִוא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ מִיַּ֗ד שְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן מִנַּ֥חַל אַרְנֹ֖ן עַד־הַ֥ר חֶרְמֽוֹן׃ | And at that time we took the land from the two Amorite kings who were across the Jordan, from the Arnon Brook to Mount Hermon. |
from ← from the hand of.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 3:9 | צִידֹנִ֛ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לְחֶרְמ֖וֹן שִׂרְיֹ֑ן וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י יִקְרְאוּ־ל֖וֹ שְׂנִֽיר׃ | (The Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir.) |
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. Senir: AV= Shenir, also in Song 4:8, but elsewhere AV= Senir. |
| Deut 3:10 | כֹּ֣ל ׀ עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר וְכָל־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן עַד־סַלְכָ֖ה וְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָֽׁן׃ | We took all the cities of the plain and all Gilead and all Bashan as far as Salchah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead.
Salchah: or Salcah. MT ambiguous (closed syllable but no dagesh lene). |
| Deut 3:11 | כִּ֣י רַק־ע֞וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֗ן נִשְׁאַר֮ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִים֒ הִנֵּ֤ה עַרְשׂוֹ֙ עֶ֣רֶשׂ בַּרְזֶ֔ל הֲלֹ֣ה הִ֔וא בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן תֵּ֧שַׁע אַמּ֣וֹת אָרְכָּ֗הּ וְאַרְבַּ֥ע אַמּ֛וֹת רָחְבָּ֖הּ בְּאַמַּת־אִֽישׁ׃ | For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Note how his bed was a bed of iron – is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? Its length is nine cubits, and its width is four cubits, according to the common cubit. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants).
note how ← behold. cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. common cubit ← cubit of man. |
| Deut 3:12 | וְאֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את יָרַ֖שְׁנוּ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑וא מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־עַל־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֗ן וַחֲצִ֤י הַֽר־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעָרָ֔יו נָתַ֕תִּי לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְלַגָּדִֽי׃ | And we took possession of this land at that time, from Aroer which is on the Arnon Brook, and half of Mount Gilead and its cities, and I gave them to the Reubenites and the Gadites. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Deut 3:13 | וְיֶ֨תֶר הַגִּלְעָ֤ד וְכָל־הַבָּשָׁן֙ מַמְלֶ֣כֶת ע֔וֹג נָתַ֕תִּי לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כֹּ֣ל חֶ֤בֶל הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙ לְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן הַה֥וּא יִקָּרֵ֖א אֶ֥רֶץ רְפָאִֽים׃ | And I gave the remainder of Gilead and all of Bashan, the kingdom of Og, to half of the tribe of Manasseh – all the region of Argob with all of Bashan. That is called the land of the Rephaim. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. Argob ← the Argob. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Deut 3:14 | יָאִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לָקַח֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב עַד־גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֹתָ֨ם עַל־שְׁמ֤וֹ אֶת־הַבָּשָׁן֙ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֔יר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Jair the son of Manasseh captured the whole of the region of Argob as far as the border with the Geshurites and Maachathites, and he called the villages after his own name: he called Bashan the Villages of Jair, as it is up to this day. |
Maachathites: AV= Maachathi.
he called Bashan the Villages of Jair: or (he called) Bashan Havvoth-Jair. AV differs (Bashan-havoth-jair), all part of the new name, in apposition to them. |
| Deut 3:15 | וּלְמָכִ֖יר נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And I gave Gilead to Machir. |
|| Num 32:40, 1 Chr 2:21.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Deut 3:16 | וְלָרֻאוּבֵנִ֨י וְלַגָּדִ֜י נָתַ֤תִּי מִן־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַד־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן תּ֥וֹךְ הַנַּ֖חַל וּגְבֻ֑ל וְעַד֙ יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And I gave the region from Gilead to the Arnon Brook to the Reubenites and the Gadites, the mid-line of the brook being a border up to the Jabbok Brook, the border of the sons of Ammon, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Deut 3:17 | וְהָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן וּגְבֻ֑ל מִכִּנֶּ֗רֶת וְעַ֨ד יָ֤ם הָֽעֲרָבָה֙ יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לַח תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ | and the arid tract and the Jordan, whose border is from Kinnereth to the sea of the arid tract, the Salt Sea, under Ashdoth-Pisgah to the east. |
Kinnereth: see Num 34:11.
sea of the arid tract, the Salt Sea: i.e. the Dead Sea. |
| Deut 3:18 | וָאֲצַ֣ו אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם נָתַ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ חֲלוּצִ֣ים תַּֽעַבְר֗וּ לִפְנֵ֛י אֲחֵיכֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל־בְּנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ | And I commanded you at that time and said, ‘The Lord your God has given you this land to possess. You will cross it armed before your brothers the sons of Israel – all those who are soldiers. | soldiers ← sons of force. |
| Deut 3:19 | רַ֠ק נְשֵׁיכֶ֣ם וְטַפְּכֶם֮ וּמִקְנֵכֶם֒ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־מִקְנֶ֥ה רַ֖ב לָכֶ֑ם יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּעָ֣רֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶֽם׃ | But your wives and your children and your cattle – I know that you have a lot of cattle – will stay in your cities which I have given you, | |
| Deut 3:20 | עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮ כָּכֶם֒ וְיָרְשׁ֣וּ גַם־הֵ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְשַׁבְתֶּ֗ם אִ֚ישׁ לִֽירֻשָּׁת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶֽם׃ | until the Lord settles your brothers like you, and they too have taken possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving them across the Jordan, and each man will return to his possession which I will have given you.’ | settles ← sets down, gives rest to. |
| Deut 3:21 | וְאֶת־יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַ צִוֵּ֔יתִי בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר עֵינֶ֣יךָ הָרֹאֹ֗ת אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כֵּֽן־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ר שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And I commanded Joshua at that time, and I said, ‘Your eyes have seen everything the Lord your God has done to these two kings. The Lord will do likewise to all the kingdoms to which you cross. | have seen ← see. |
| Deut 3:22 | לֹ֖א תְִּירָא֑וּם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם׃ ס | Do not fear them, for it is the Lord your God himself who will be fighting for you.’ | |
| Deut 3:23 | וָאֶתְחַנַּ֖ן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And I pleaded with the Lord at that time, and I said, | |
| Deut 3:24 | אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אַתָּ֤ה הַֽחִלּ֙וֹתָ֙ לְהַרְא֣וֹת אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶ֨ת־גָּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִי־אֵל֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ׃ | ‘My Lord the Lord, you have begun to show your servant your greatness and your strong hand, so who else is God in heaven or on earth who can do anything comparable to your works and your mighty deeds? |
you have begun: with Aramaic pointing (הַ for הֲ), as in Deut 2:31.
strong hand: i.e. mighty power. |
| Deut 3:25 | אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֗א וְאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הָהָ֥ר הַטּ֛וֹב הַזֶּ֖ה וְהַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ | Please let me cross so that I may see the good land which is across the Jordan, this good mountain, and Lebanon.’ | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 3:26 | וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ רַב־לָ֔ךְ אַל־תּ֗וֹסֶף דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י ע֖וֹד בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the Lord was angry with me for your sakes, and he did not hear me, and the Lord said to me, ‘It is sufficient for you. Do not speak to me any more about this matter. | |
| Deut 3:27 | עֲלֵ֣ה ׀ רֹ֣אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֗ה וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ יָ֧מָּה וְצָפֹ֛נָה וְתֵימָ֥נָה וּמִזְרָ֖חָה וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ כִּי־לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן הַזֶּֽה׃ | Go up to the summit of Pisgah and lift up your eyes westward and northward and southward and eastward, and see with your eyes, for you will not cross this Jordan. | |
| Deut 3:28 | וְצַ֥ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי־ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ | And command Joshua and strengthen him, and encourage him, because he will cross in front of this people, and he will cause them to inherit the land which you will see.’ | |
| Deut 3:29 | וַנֵּ֣שֶׁב בַּגָּ֔יְא מ֖וּל בֵּ֥ית פְּעֽוֹר׃ פ | Then we stayed in the valley opposite Beth-Peor. | |
| Deut 4:1 | וְעַתָּ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁמַ֤ע אֶל־הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְאֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָֽנֹכִ֛י מְלַמֵּ֥ד אֶתְכֶ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֣עַן תִּֽחְי֗וּ וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃ | So now, Israel, listen to the statutes and the regulations which I am teaching you to do, so that you may live and come and possess the land which the Lord God of your fathers is giving you. | listen: singular, but all second person forms following are plural. |
| Deut 4:2 | לֹ֣א תֹסִ֗פוּ עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | You shall not add to the injunction which I am commanding you, and you shall not take anything out of it, so that you keep the commandments of the Lord your God with which I am commanding you. |
Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19.
injunction ← word, matter. |
| Deut 4:3 | עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הָֽרֹאֹ֔ת אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר כִּ֣י כָל־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בַֽעַל־פְּע֔וֹר הִשְׁמִיד֛וֹ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | Your eyes have seen what the Lord has done in Baal-Peor, for the Lord your God eradicated from your midst every man who followed Baal-Peor. | Baal-Peor (2x): apparently both the god and his shrine. |
| Deut 4:4 | וְאַתֶּם֙ הַדְּבֵקִ֔ים בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם חַיִּ֥ים כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | But you who adhere to the Lord your God are all alive today. | |
| Deut 4:5 | רְאֵ֣ה ׀ לִמַּ֣דְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֗ם חֻקִּים֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוַּ֖נִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם בָּאִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | Look, I have taught you statutes and regulations according to what the Lord my God commanded me, namely that you should act accordingly inside the land to which you are going, to possess it. | |
| Deut 4:6 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֒ כִּ֣י הִ֤וא חָכְמַתְכֶם֙ וּבִ֣ינַתְכֶ֔ם לְעֵינֵ֖י הָעַמִּ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁמְע֗וּן אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַחֻקִּ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאָמְר֗וּ רַ֚ק עַם־חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן הַגּ֥וֹי הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה׃ | So you must keep them and do them, for it is your wisdom and understanding in the eyes of the nations which will hear all these statutes and say, ‘Only this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’ | |
| Deut 4:7 | כִּ֚י מִי־ג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָּל־קָרְאֵ֖נוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ | For what great nation is there that has gods close to it, as the Lord our God is in all our calling out to him? | gods: AV differs (God), but the plural adjective for close militates against this. |
| Deut 4:8 | וּמִי֙ גּ֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים צַדִּיקִ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And what great nation is there that has righteous statutes and regulations according to all this law which I am placing before you today? | |
| Deut 4:9 | רַ֡ק הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֩ וּשְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁךָ֜ מְאֹ֗ד פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֨ח אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וּפֶן־יָס֙וּרוּ֙ מִלְּבָ֣בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֥ם לְבָנֶ֖יךָ וְלִבְנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיךָ׃ | But be on your guard and watch out for your life very alertly, so that you do not forget the things which your eyes have seen, and so that they do not depart from your heart any of the days of your life. And you shall make them known to your sons and to your grandsons. |
life ← soul.
any ← all. |
| Deut 4:10 | י֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָמַ֜דְתָּ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ בְּחֹרֵב֒ בֶּאֱמֹ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י הַקְהֶל־לִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאַשְׁמִעֵ֖ם אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִלְמְד֜וּן לְיִרְאָ֣ה אֹתִ֗י כָּל־הַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵ֤ם חַיִּים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם יְלַמֵּדֽוּן׃ | On the day when you stood before the Lord your God at Horeb, when the Lord said to me, ‘Assemble the people to me, and I will cause them to hear my words, so that they may learn to fear me all the days that they live on the earth, and to teach their sons’, | earth ← ground. |
| Deut 4:11 | וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ | you approached and stood below the mountain while the mountain was burning with fire up to the heart of heaven – it was darkness and cloud and gloom. | |
| Deut 4:12 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל׃ | And the Lord spoke to you from the middle of the fire, and you heard the sound of the words, but you did not see the image – there was just the sound. | |
| Deut 4:13 | וַיַּגֵּ֨ד לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־בְּרִית֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֑ים וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֔ם עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י לֻח֥וֹת אֲבָנִֽים׃ | And he told you his covenant which he commanded you to do – the ten commandments – and he wrote them on two stone tablets. | commandments ← words, but also commandments. |
| Deut 4:14 | וְאֹתִ֞י צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְלַמֵּ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֑ים לַעֲשֹׂתְכֶ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | And at that time the Lord commanded me to teach you statutes and regulations, for you to carry them out, in the land to which you are crossing in order to take possession of it. | commanded: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Deut 4:15 | וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֤א רְאִיתֶם֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And take great care for your lives, for you did not see any image on the day when the Lord spoke to you at Horeb from the middle of the fire, |
lives ← souls.
any ← every. |
| Deut 4:16 | פֶּ֨ן־תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם פֶּ֖סֶל תְּמוּנַ֣ת כָּל־סָ֑מֶל תַּבְנִ֥ית זָכָ֖ר א֥וֹ נְקֵבָֽה׃ | not to act corruptly or make yourselves an idol, an image of any figure, a likeness of anything male or female, | any ← every. |
| Deut 4:17 | תַּבְנִ֕ית כָּל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּאָ֑רֶץ תַּבְנִית֙ כָּל־צִפּ֣וֹר כָּנָ֔ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּע֖וּף בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | a likeness of any cattle that is on earth, a likeness of any winged bird which flies in the sky, | any (2x) ← every. |
| Deut 4:18 | תַּבְנִ֕ית כָּל־רֹמֵ֖שׂ בָּאֲדָמָ֑ה תַּבְנִ֛ית כָּל־דָּגָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּמַּ֖יִם מִתַּ֥חַת לָאָֽרֶץ׃ | a likeness of any creeping animal on the ground, or a likeness of any fish that is in the water below the surface of the earth. | any (2x) ← every. |
| Deut 4:19 | וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And take great care not to lift up your eyes towards the sky and see the sun and the moon and the stars – the whole array of the sky – and you are induced to worship them and to serve them, which the Lord your God apportioned to all nations under the whole sky. | |
| Deut 4:20 | וְאֶתְכֶם֙ לָקַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וַיּוֹצִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם לִהְי֥וֹת ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord took you, and he brought you out of the iron furnace – out of Egypt – to be a people to him, an inheritance, as you are today. | |
| Deut 4:21 | וַֽיהוָ֥ה הִתְאַנֶּף־בִּ֖י עַל־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֗ע לְבִלְתִּ֤י עָבְרִי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וּלְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ | But the Lord became angry with me because of you, and he swore that I would not cross the Jordan, and that I would not go to the good land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance. | because of you: as [AnLx]. In Deut 3:26 a different wording, for your sakes. |
| Deut 4:22 | כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֥י מֵת֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֵינֶ֥נִּי עֹבֵ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְאַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֕ם אֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | For I am to die in this land. I will not be crossing the Jordan, but you will be crossing, and you will take possession of that good land. | that good land ← this good land. |
| Deut 4:23 | הִשָּׁמְר֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם פֶּֽן־תִּשְׁכְּחוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם לָכֶ֥ם פֶּ֙סֶל֙ תְּמ֣וּנַת כֹּ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | Take care not to forget the covenant of the Lord your God which he made with you, by you making for yourselves an idol, an image of anything that the Lord your God has forbidden you. |
anything ← everything.
forbidden ← commanded, but also commanded not. Compare Deut 2:37. |
| Deut 4:24 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה ה֑וּא אֵ֖ל קַנָּֽא׃ פ | For the Lord your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God. | |
| Deut 4:25 | כִּֽי־תוֹלִ֤יד בָּנִים֙ וּבְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם וַעֲשִׂ֤יתֶם פֶּ֙סֶל֙ תְּמ֣וּנַת כֹּ֔ל וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֥ם הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃ | If when you have begotten sons and grandsons and have grown old in the land, you cause corruption, or you make an idol – an image of anything – or do wrong in the eyes of the Lord your God, so as to provoke him to anger, |
begotten: includes being a forefather of here.
grown old: AV differs somewhat (remained long). anything ← everything. |
| Deut 4:26 | הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃ | I call heaven and earth to witness against you today that you will certainly perish swiftly in the land which you are crossing the Jordan to inherit – you will not have a long time in it, but be utterly destroyed. |
today: adding solemnity, which is also its function in Luke 23:43. See also Deut 8:19.
you will certainly perish: infinitive absolute. in the land ← from the land. have a long time ← prolong days. be utterly destroyed: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 4:27 | וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּ֑ים וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר בַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And the Lord will scatter you among the nations, and you will remain few in number among the nations to which the Lord will drive you. | you: plural, remaining so until verse 30. |
| Deut 4:28 | וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִרְאוּן֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יֹֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֥א יְרִיחֻֽן׃ | And you will serve gods there, the work of men's hands, wood and stone which do not see and do not hear, and which do not eat and cannot smell. | |
| Deut 4:29 | וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּמָצָ֑אתָ כִּ֣י תִדְרְשֶׁ֔נּוּ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And you will seek from there the Lord your God, and you will find him if you search him out with all your heart and all your soul. | |
| Deut 4:30 | בַּצַּ֣ר לְךָ֔ וּמְצָא֕וּךָ כֹּ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בְּאַחֲרִית֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וְשַׁבְתָּ֙ עַד־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃ | When you are in adversity, and all these things will come upon you in the last days, you will return to the Lord your God, and you will heed him. |
come upon ← find.
you: singular. you will return: AV differs (if thou turn), which is possible, but the conjunction is just a vav. heed him ← hear his voice. |
| Deut 4:31 | כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל רַחוּם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לָהֶֽם׃ | For the Lord your God is a merciful God; he will not abandon you, and he will not let you go to ruin, and he will not forget the covenant of your fathers which he swore to them. | |
| Deut 4:32 | כִּ֣י שְׁאַל־נָא֩ לְיָמִ֨ים רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה א֖וֹ הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ | So ask, please, about the former days which were before you, from the day when God created man on the earth, and from one end of the sky to the other end of the sky, whether such a great thing as this has ever taken place, or whether anything like it has been heard of. |
ask ... about: also constructed with the preposition le in Gen 26:7, Gen 43:7.
former ← first. such a great thing as this ← as this great thing. |
| Deut 4:33 | הֲשָׁ֣מַֽע עָם֩ ק֨וֹל אֱלֹהִ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽחִי׃ | Has any people heard the voice of God speaking from the middle of fire, as you have heard, and have they lived? | have they lived ← has it lived. |
| Deut 4:34 | א֣וֹ ׀ הֲנִסָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָ֠בוֹא לָקַ֨חַת ל֣וֹ גוֹי֮ מִקֶּ֣רֶב גּוֹי֒ בְּמַסֹּת֩ בְּאֹתֹ֨ת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֜ים וּבְמִלְחָמָ֗ה וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמוֹרָאִ֖ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | Or has God ventured to go and take to himself any other nation from the middle of a nation, with trials and signs and wonders, and by war, with a strong hand and an outstretched arm and with great awesome things, as everything that the Lord your God has done with you in Egypt before your eyes? | ventured: or tried. |
| Deut 4:35 | אַתָּה֙ הָרְאֵ֣תָ לָדַ֔עַת כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ין ע֖וֹד מִלְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | You have been shown, so as to know, that the Lord is God; there is no other besides him. | |
| Deut 4:36 | מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם הִשְׁמִֽיעֲךָ֥ אֶת־קֹל֖וֹ לְיַסְּרֶ֑ךָּ וְעַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ הֶרְאֲךָ֙ אֶת־אִשּׁ֣וֹ הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֥יו שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | From heaven he has caused you to hear his voice, to instruct you, and on the earth he has shown you his great fire, and you have heard his words from the middle of the fire. | instruct: the word can also mean chasten. |
| Deut 4:37 | וְתַ֗חַת כִּ֤י אָהַב֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַיִּבְחַ֥ר בְּזַרְע֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו וַיּוֹצִֽאֲךָ֧ בְּפָנָ֛יו בְּכֹח֥וֹ הַגָּדֹ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And because he loved your fathers, he chose his seed after him, and he brought you out of Egypt in front of him by his great power, | his seed after him: perhaps a reference to God's seed as chosen to be through and after Abraham. Compare Mal 2:15 (seed of God). AV differs (their seed after them). |
| Deut 4:38 | לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ לָֽתֶת־לְךָ֧ אֶת־אַרְצָ֛ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | so that you might dispossess nations greater and more powerful than yourself at your advance, to bring you in, and to give you their land as an inheritance, as it is this day. | at your advance ← from before you. |
| Deut 4:39 | וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ הַיּ֗וֹם וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֮ אֶל־לְבָבֶךָ֒ כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת אֵ֖ין עֽוֹד׃ | And you shall know today, and you will reflect in your heart, that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the earth below – there is no other. | |
| Deut 4:40 | וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֞ אֶת־חֻקָּ֣יו וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר֙ יִיטַ֣ב לְךָ֔ וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן תַּאֲרִ֤יךְ יָמִים֙ עַל־הַ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ | And you shall keep his statutes and his commandments which I command you today, so that things may go well with you, and with your sons after you, and in order that you may have a long time on the land which the Lord your God is giving you for all time.” |
have a long time ← prolong days.
land ← ground. for all time ← all the days. This verse closes the direct speech which opened at Deut 1:6. |
| Deut 4:41 | אָ֣ז יַבְדִּ֤יל מֹשֶׁה֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ עָרִ֔ים בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן מִזְרְחָ֖ה שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Then Moses allocated three cities across the Jordan on the east, | east ← rising of the sun. |
| Deut 4:42 | לָנֻ֨ס שָׁ֜מָּה רוֹצֵ֗חַ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְצַ֤ח אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֑וֹם וְנָ֗ס אֶל־אַחַ֛ת מִן־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖ל וָחָֽי׃ | for the manslayer who has killed his neighbour unintentionally to flee to, when he had not hated him in the past, so that he may flee to one of these cities and live: |
in the past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 4:43 | אֶת־בֶּ֧צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֛ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֑י וְאֶת־רָאמֹ֤ת בַּגִּלְעָד֙ לַגָּדִ֔י וְאֶת־גּוֹלָ֥ן בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן לַֽמְנַשִּֽׁי׃ | Bezer in the desert, in the plain country for the Reubenites, and Ramoth in Gilead for the Gadites, and Golan in Bashan for the Manassites. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Deut 4:44 | וְזֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And this is the law which Moses put before the sons of Israel. | |
| Deut 4:45 | אֵ֚לֶּה הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | These are the testimonies and the statutes and the regulations which Moses told the sons of Israel when they came out of Egypt, | |
| Deut 4:46 | בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בַּגַּ֗יְא מ֚וּל בֵּ֣ית פְּע֔וֹר בְּאֶ֗רֶץ סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֤ה מֹשֶׁה֙ וּבְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | across the Jordan in the valley opposite Beth-Peor in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, whom Moses and the sons of Israel defeated when they came out of Egypt. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 4:47 | וַיִּֽירְשׁ֨וּ אֶת־אַרְצ֜וֹ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ ע֣וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֗ן שְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן מִזְרַ֖ח שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And they took possession of his land, and of the land of Og king of Bashan – two kings of the Amorites who were across the Jordan on the east, |
Bashan ← the Bashan.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. east ← rising of the sun. |
| Deut 4:48 | מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֧חַל אַרְנֹ֛ן וְעַד־הַ֥ר שִׂיאֹ֖ן ה֥וּא חֶרְמֽוֹן׃ | from Aroer which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook to Mount Sion, which is Hermon, | Sion: the Sirion of Deut 3:9. Not Zion, which is spelled with a tsadé. |
| Deut 4:49 | וְכָל־הָ֨עֲרָבָ֜ה עֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה וְעַ֖ד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֑ה תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ פ | and the whole arid tract across the Jordan on the east, and to the sea of the arid tract under Ashdoth-Pisgah. |
the sea of the arid tract: i.e. the Dead Sea.
Ashdoth-Pisgah: AV differs (springs of Pisgah) here, but not in Deut 3:17, Josh 12:3, Josh 13:20. |
| Deut 5:1 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁה֮ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם שְׁמַ֤ע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־הַחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י דֹּבֵ֥ר בְּאָזְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וּלְמַדְתֶּ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם לַעֲשֹׂתָֽם׃ | Then Moses called the whole of Israel and said to them, “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the regulations which I am speaking in your ears today. And you shall learn them, and you will ensure that you carry them out. |
ensure ← guard.
The direct speech starting here ends at Deut 26:19. |
| Deut 5:2 | יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית בְּחֹרֵֽב׃ | The Lord our God made a covenant with us at Horeb. | |
| Deut 5:3 | לֹ֣א אֶת־אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את כִּ֣י אִתָּ֗נוּ אֲנַ֨חְנוּ אֵ֥לֶּה פֹ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם כֻּלָּ֥נוּ חַיִּֽים׃ | It is not with our fathers that the Lord made this covenant, but with us – those of us who are all alive here today. | |
| Deut 5:4 | פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | The Lord spoke face to face with you, at the mountain, from the middle of the fire. | |
| Deut 5:5 | אָ֠נֹכִי עֹמֵ֨ד בֵּין־יְהוָ֤ה וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְהַגִּ֥יד לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י יְרֵאתֶם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־עֲלִיתֶ֥ם בָּהָ֖ר לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | I was standing between the Lord and you at that time to tell you the word of the Lord (for you were afraid of the fire, and you did not go up the mountain), and he said, | tell: AV differs somewhat (show), the word used in Deut 1:33, Deut 3:24, Deut 4:36, Deut 5:24, but here the word is to tell. |
| Deut 5:6 | אָֽנֹכִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִֽ֑ים׃ | ‘I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of a house of slavery. |
|| Ex 20:2.
slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Deut 5:7 | לֹ֣א יִהְיֶ֥ה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ׃ | You shall not have any other gods besides me. |
|| Ex 20:3. Commandment 1.
besides me ← upon / alongside my face. |
| Deut 5:8 | לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֙סֶל֙ ׀ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔֡ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֙יִם֙ ׀ מִמַּ֔֡עַל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם ׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ׃ | You shall not make yourself any engraved image or any image of what is in heaven above or of what is on the earth below, or of what is in the water below the surface of the earth. |
|| Ex 20:4. Commandment 2.
any ← every. |
| Deut 5:9 | לֹא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֮ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן אָב֧וֹת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י׃ | You shall not worship them, and you shall not serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the sons, and on those of the third generation, and on those of the fourth generation, of those who hate me, |
|| Ex 20:5.
serve ← be made to serve (hophal), but [ST] gives the same meaning as qal, to serve. |
| Deut 5:10 | וְעֹ֤֥שֶׂה חֶ֖֙סֶד֙ לַֽאֲלָפִ֑֔ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י *מצותו **מִצְוֺתָֽי׃ ס | and showing kindness to thousands, to those who love me and to those who keep {Q: my commandments} [K: his body of commandments]. |
The ketiv is irregular and has a vav where the qeré has a yod. Interchange of these (similar) letters is a common reason for a qeré reading. See further Deut 7:9.
|| Ex 20:6. |
| Deut 5:11 | לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לַשָּֽׁוְא׃ ס | You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him who takes his name in vain innocent. |
|| Ex 20:7. Commandment 3.
vain (2x): or falsity. |
| Deut 5:12 | שָׁמ֣֛וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם֩ הַשַׁבָּ֖֨ת לְקַדְּשׁ֑֜וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖֣ ׀ יְהוָ֥֣ה אֱלֹהֶֽ֗יךָ | Keep the Sabbath day, to sanctify it, as the Lord your God has commanded you. |
|| Ex 20:8. Commandment 4. Ex 20:8 has remember where this verse has keep.
keep: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Deut 5:13 | שֵׁ֤֣שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כָּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒׃ | For six days you shall work and carry out all your business, | || Ex 20:9. |
| Deut 5:14 | וְי֙וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜֔י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֖֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹ֣א תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡ה אַתָּ֣ה וּבִנְךָֽ־וּבִתֶּ֣ךָ וְעַבְדְּךָֽ־וַ֠אֲמָתֶךָ וְשׁוֹרְךָ֨ וַחֲמֹֽרְךָ֜ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֶּ֗ךָ וְגֵֽרְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֗עַן יָנ֛וּחַ עַבְדְּךָ֥ וַאֲמָתְךָ֖ כָּמֽ֑וֹךָ׃ | but the seventh day is the Lord your God's Sabbath. You shall not do any work on it – neither you nor your son nor your daughter, neither your manservant nor your maidservant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your foreigner who is within your gates, so that your manservant and maidservant may have rest, as you do. |
|| Ex 20:10.
any (2x) ← every. |
| Deut 5:15 | וְזָכַרְתָּ֞֗ כִּ֣י־עֶ֤֥בֶד הָיִ֣֙יתָ֙ ׀ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם וַיֹּצִ֨אֲךָ֜֩ יְהוָ֤֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֤֙יךָ֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם֙ בְּיָ֤֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה֙ וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑֔ה עַל־כֵּ֗ן צִוְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּֽת׃ ס | And remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, but the Lord your God brought you out of there with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm. On account of this the Lord your God commands you to keep the Sabbath day. | to keep ← to do. |
| Deut 5:16 | כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ ס | Honour your father and your mother, according to what the Lord your God has commanded you, in order that your days may be long, and in order that it may go well with you on the land which the Lord your God is giving you. |
Matt 15:4, Matt 19:19, Mark 7:10, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Eph 6:2, Eph 6:3.
|| Ex 20:12. Commandment 5. be long ← lengthen. land ← ground. |
| Deut 5:17 | לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס | You shall not commit murder. |
Matt 5:21, Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9, James 2:11.
|| Ex 20:13. Commandment 6. commit murder: AV differs (kill), suggesting a wider application. |
| Deut 5:18 | וְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס | You shall not commit adultery. |
Matt 5:27, Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9, James 2:11.
|| Ex 20:14. Commandment 7. |
| Deut 5:19 | וְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס | You shall not steal. |
Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9.
|| Ex 20:15. Commandment 8. |
| Deut 5:20 | וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא׃ ס | You shall not give a false testimony against your neighbour. |
Matt 19:18, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Rom 13:9RP‑marg,TR.
|| Ex 20:16. Commandment 9. give ← testify. |
| Deut 5:21 | וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֑ךָ ס וְלֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֗ךָ שָׂדֵ֜הוּ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ שׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ׃ ס | You shall not covet your neighbour's wife, and you shall not be desirous of your neighbour's house, his field or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything which is your neighbour's.’ |
Rom 7:7.
|| Ex 20:17. Commandment 10. desirous: or envious. anything ← everything. |
| Deut 5:22 | אֶֽת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֡לֶּה דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־קְהַלְכֶ֜ם בָּהָ֗ר מִתּ֤וֹךְ הָאֵשׁ֙ הֶֽעָנָ֣ן וְהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל וְלֹ֣א יָסָ֑ף וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֗ם עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ לֻחֹ֣ת אֲבָנִ֔ים וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | The Lord spoke these words to the whole of your convocation at the mountain from the middle of the fire, the cloud and the thick darkness, with a loud voice. And he did not add to them, and he wrote them on two tablets of stone, and he gave them to me. | |
| Deut 5:23 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶ֤ם אֶת־הַקּוֹל֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַ֔י כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְזִקְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when you heard the sound from the middle of the darkness, and that the mountain was burning with fire, that you came near to me, all you who are heads of your tribes, and your elders. | |
| Deut 5:24 | וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ הֵ֣ן הֶרְאָ֜נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־כְּבֹד֣וֹ וְאֶת־גָּדְל֔וֹ וְאֶת־קֹל֥וֹ שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ רָאִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־יְדַבֵּ֧ר אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי׃ | And you said, ‘Behold, the Lord our God has shown us his glory and his greatness, and we have heard his voice from the middle of the fire. This day, we have seen that God speaks with man, and he lives. | |
| Deut 5:25 | וְעַתָּה֙ לָ֣מָּה נָמ֔וּת כִּ֣י תֹֽאכְלֵ֔נוּ הָאֵ֥שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אִם־יֹסְפִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ לִ֠שְׁמֹעַ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ ע֖וֹד וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ | So now, why should we die? For this great fire will consume us. If we hear the voice of the Lord our God any more, then we will die. | hear ... any more ← add to hear ... any more. |
| Deut 5:26 | כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי׃ | For who is there of all flesh who has heard the voice of the living God speaking from the middle of the fire as we have, and has lived? | |
| Deut 5:27 | קְרַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ וּֽשֲׁמָ֔ע אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְאַ֣תְּ ׀ תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֗ינוּ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְדַבֵּ֜ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְשָׁמַ֥עְנוּ וְעָשִֽׂינוּ׃ | You go near and listen to everything that the Lord our God says, then you can tell us everything that the Lord our God says to you, and we will hear it and do it.’ | you go near: singular, i.e. Moses. |
| Deut 5:28 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֔ם בְּדַבֶּרְכֶ֖ם אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י שָׁ֠מַעְתִּי אֶת־ק֨וֹל דִּבְרֵ֜י הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבְּר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ הֵיטִ֖יבוּ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽרוּ׃ | And the Lord heard the sound of your words when you spoke to me, and the Lord said to me, ‘I have heard the sound of the words of this people who spoke to you. They have done well in all that they have spoken. | sound (2x) ← voice. |
| Deut 5:29 | מִֽי־יִתֵּ֡ן וְהָיָה֩ לְבָבָ֨ם זֶ֜ה לָהֶ֗ם לְיִרְאָ֥ה אֹתִ֛י וְלִשְׁמֹ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתַ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִ֑ים לְמַ֨עַן יִיטַ֥ב לָהֶ֛ם וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְעֹלָֽם׃ | If only they had a heart like this: to fear me and to keep all my commandments all the time, so that it would go well with them and with their sons, age-abidingly. |
if only ← who will give?
all the time ← all days. |
| Deut 5:30 | לֵ֖ךְ אֱמֹ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם שׁ֥וּבוּ לָכֶ֖ם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶֽם׃ | Go and say to them, «Now go back to your tents.» | now go back ← go back for yourselves. Idiomatic, drawing attention, and perhaps toning the imperative down. |
| Deut 5:31 | וְאַתָּ֗ה פֹּה֮ עֲמֹ֣ד עִמָּדִי֒ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ אֵ֧ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֛ה וְהַחֻקִּ֥ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּלַמְּדֵ֑ם וְעָשׂ֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | But you, stand here with me, and I will tell you the whole body of commandments and the statutes and the regulations which you shall teach them to do in the land which I am giving them, so that they take possession of it.’ |
you: singular.
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 5:32 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶתְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל׃ | And you will ensure that you act as the Lord your God has commanded you. You shall not deviate to the right or to the left. | you: plural. |
| Deut 5:33 | בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם אֶתְכֶ֖ם תֵּלֵ֑כוּ לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽחְיוּן֙ וְט֣וֹב לָכֶ֔ם וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּֽירָשֽׁוּן׃ | You shall walk in every way which the Lord your God commands you, so that you may live, and it may go well with you, and you may live long in the land which you will be taking possession of. | live long ← prolong (your) days. |
| Deut 6:1 | וְזֹ֣את הַמִּצְוָ֗ה הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם לְלַמֵּ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | And this is the body of commandments, and these are the statutes and regulations which the Lord your God has commanded me to teach you, for you to do them in the land which you are crossing over to take possession of, |
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage.
your: plural. |
| Deut 6:2 | לְמַ֨עַן תִּירָ֜א אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ לִ֠שְׁמֹר אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתָ֣יו וּמִצְוֺתָיו֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוֶּךָ֒ אַתָּה֙ וּבִנְךָ֣ וּבֶן־בִּנְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ וּלְמַ֖עַן יַאֲרִכֻ֥ן יָמֶֽיךָ׃ | so that you may fear the Lord your God, in keeping all his statutes and his commandments which I am commanding you – you and your son and your son's son – all the days of your life, so that your days are prolonged. |
you: singular.
in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 6:3 | וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֤ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר֙ יִיטַ֣ב לְךָ֔ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְבּ֖וּן מְאֹ֑ד כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ פ | So hear, O Israel, and ensure you do them, so that it goes well with you, and so that you may increase greatly, as the Lord God of your fathers said to you, in a land flowing with milk and honey. |
ensure ← guard.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Deut 6:4 | שְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ אֶחָֽד׃ | Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord. | Mark 12:29, Mark 12:32. |
| Deut 6:5 | וְאָ֣הַבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֥ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וּבְכָל־מְאֹדֶֽךָ׃ | And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. | Matt 22:37, Mark 12:30, Mark 12:33, Luke 10:27. |
| Deut 6:6 | וְהָי֞וּ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם עַל־לְבָבֶֽךָ׃ | And these things which I am commanding you today shall be on your heart. | |
| Deut 6:7 | וְשִׁנַּנְתָּ֣ם לְבָנֶ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֖ בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃ | And you will diligently teach them to your sons, and you will talk about them when you sit down in your house, and when you walk on the road, and when you lie down, and when you get up. | diligently teach ← sharpen (the wits). |
| Deut 6:8 | וּקְשַׁרְתָּ֥ם לְא֖וֹת עַל־יָדֶ֑ךָ וְהָי֥וּ לְטֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | And you shall bind them on your hand as a sign, and they will be phylacteries between your eyes. | |
| Deut 6:9 | וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזוּזֹ֥ת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ ס | And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. | |
| Deut 6:10 | וְהָיָ֞ה כִּ֥י יְבִיאֲךָ֣ ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֛ם לְיִצְחָ֥ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֖ב לָ֣תֶת לָ֑ךְ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וְטֹבֹ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־בָנִֽיתָ׃ | And it will come to pass that the Lord your God will bring you to the land which he swore to your fathers – to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob – to give to you, great and fine cities which you did not build, | |
| Deut 6:11 | וּבָ֨תִּ֜ים מְלֵאִ֣ים כָּל־טוּב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־מִלֵּאתָ֒ וּבֹרֹ֤ת חֲצוּבִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־חָצַ֔בְתָּ כְּרָמִ֥ים וְזֵיתִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־נָטָ֑עְתָּ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָֽעְתָּ׃ | and houses full of all kinds of good things which you did not fill them with, and cisterns hewn out which you did not hew, vineyards and olive groves which you did not plant, and you will eat and be satisfied. | |
| Deut 6:12 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | Be on your guard not to forget the Lord, who brought you out of the land of Egypt – out of a house of slavery. | slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Deut 6:13 | אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ תִּירָ֖א וְאֹת֣וֹ תַעֲבֹ֑ד וּבִשְׁמ֖וֹ תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ׃ | You shall fear the Lord your God and serve him, and you shall swear by his name. | Matt 4:10, Luke 4:8. |
| Deut 6:14 | לֹ֣א תֵֽלְכ֔וּן אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים מֵאֱלֹהֵי֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר סְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | You shall not go after other gods – any of the gods of the nations which are round about you, | |
| Deut 6:15 | כִּ֣י אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֛א יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בְּקִרְבֶּ֑ךָ פֶּן־יֶ֠חֱרֶה אַף־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְהִשְׁמִ֣ידְךָ֔ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ ס | for the Lord your God in your midst is a jealous God, so that the anger of the Lord your God is not kindled against you, and he obliterates you from the face of the earth. | earth ← ground. |
| Deut 6:16 | לֹ֣א תְנַסּ֔וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִסִּיתֶ֖ם בַּמַּסָּֽה׃ | You shall not tempt the Lord your God, as you tempted him in Massah. |
Matt 4:7, Luke 4:12.
Massah: i.e. temptation. |
| Deut 6:17 | שָׁמ֣וֹר תִּשְׁמְר֔וּן אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְעֵדֹתָ֥יו וְחֻקָּ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽךְ׃ | You shall absolutely keep the commandments of the Lord your God, and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he has commanded you. | absolutely keep: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 6:18 | וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר וְהַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ וּבָ֗אתָ וְיָֽרַשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And you shall do what is upright and good in the eyes of the Lord, so that it goes well with you, and you come and take possession of the good land which the Lord swore to your fathers, | |
| Deut 6:19 | לַהֲדֹ֥ף אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | driving out all your enemies before you, as the Lord has said. | |
| Deut 6:20 | כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָלְךָ֥ בִנְךָ֛ מָחָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר מָ֣ה הָעֵדֹ֗ת וְהַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | For your son will ask you tomorrow, saying, ‘What are the testimonies and the statutes and the regulations which the Lord our God commanded you?’ | tomorrow: standing for in the future. |
| Deut 6:21 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לְבִנְךָ֔ עֲבָדִ֛ים הָיִ֥ינוּ לְפַרְעֹ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃ | And you will say to your son, ‘We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt, and the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a strong hand. | |
| Deut 6:22 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן יְהוָ֡ה אוֹתֹ֣ת וּ֠מֹפְתִים גְּדֹלִ֨ים וְרָעִ֧ים ׀ בְּמִצְרַ֛יִם בְּפַרְעֹ֥ה וּבְכָל־בֵּית֖וֹ לְעֵינֵֽינוּ׃ | And the Lord gave signs and wonders, great and noxious ones in Egypt, against Pharaoh and against all his house in our sight. | |
| Deut 6:23 | וְאוֹתָ֖נוּ הוֹצִ֣יא מִשָּׁ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הָבִ֣יא אֹתָ֔נוּ לָ֤תֶת לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | And he brought us out of there in order to bring us in, to give us the land which he swore to our fathers. | |
| Deut 6:24 | וַיְצַוֵּ֣נוּ יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַחֻקִּ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְיִרְאָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְט֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ כָּל־הַיָּמִ֔ים לְחַיֹּתֵ֖נוּ כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the Lord our God, for our good, all our days, so that he might preserve us alive, as it is this day. | |
| Deut 6:25 | וּצְדָקָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑נוּ כִּֽי־נִשְׁמֹ֨ר לַעֲשׂ֜וֹת אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֗את לִפְנֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽנוּ׃ ס | And we shall have righteousness if we ensure we keep all this body of commandments before the Lord our God, as he has commanded us.’ |
ensure ← guard.
body of commandments: see v.1. |
| Deut 7:1 | כִּ֤י יְבִֽיאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְנָשַׁ֣ל גּֽוֹיִם־רַבִּ֣ים ׀ מִפָּנֶ֡יךָ הַֽחִתִּי֩ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֨י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֜י וְהַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֗י וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י שִׁבְעָ֣ה גוֹיִ֔ם רַבִּ֥ים וַעֲצוּמִ֖ים מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ | When the Lord your God brings you to the land to which you are going in order to take possession of it, he will drive out many nations before you, the Hittite, the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite – seven nations more populous and stronger than you. | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 7:2 | וּנְתָנָ֞ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֑ם הַחֲרֵ֤ם תַּחֲרִים֙ אֹתָ֔ם לֹא־תִכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית וְלֹ֥א תְחָנֵּֽם׃ | And the Lord your God will put them in front of you, and you will conquer them, and you shall completely obliterate them. You shall not make a covenant with them, and you shall not show them mercy. | completely obliterate: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 7:3 | וְלֹ֥א תִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בָּ֑ם בִּתְּךָ֙ לֹא־תִתֵּ֣ן לִבְנ֔וֹ וּבִתּ֖וֹ לֹא־תִקַּ֥ח לִבְנֶֽךָ׃ | And you shall not intermarry with them. You shall not give your daughter to a son of theirs, and you shall not take a daughter of theirs for your son. |
a son of theirs ← his son.
a daughter of theirs ← his daughter. |
| Deut 7:4 | כִּֽי־יָסִ֤יר אֶת־בִּנְךָ֙ מֵֽאַחֲרַ֔י וְעָבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁמִידְךָ֖ מַהֵֽר׃ | For this would cause your son to depart from following me, and they would serve other gods, and the anger of the Lord would be kindled against you, and he would quickly destroy you. | from following me ← from after me. |
| Deut 7:5 | כִּֽי־אִם־כֹּ֤ה תַעֲשׂוּ֙ לָהֶ֔ם מִזְבְּחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם תִּתֹּ֔צוּ וּמַצֵּבֹתָ֖ם תְּשַׁבֵּ֑רוּ וַאֲשֵֽׁירֵהֶם֙ תְּגַדֵּע֔וּן וּפְסִילֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֥וּן בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | But you shall rather deal this way with them: you shall tear down their altars, and you will smash their statues, and you will cut down their phallic parks, and you will burn their carved images with fire. | you: plural. |
| Deut 7:6 | כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּךָ֞ בָּחַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ לִהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ ס | For you are a holy people to the Lord your God. The Lord your God chose you to be to him a people who are a special acquisition, out of all the various peoples that are on the face of the earth. |
you: singular.
earth ← ground. |
| Deut 7:7 | לֹ֣א מֵֽרֻבְּכֶ֞ם מִכָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים חָשַׁ֧ק יְהוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם וַיִּבְחַ֣ר בָּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֥ם הַמְעַ֖ט מִכָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ | Not because of your greater population than all the nations did the Lord desire you, but he chose you because you are the fewest of all the nations. | |
| Deut 7:8 | כִּי֩ מֵֽאַהֲבַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם וּמִשָּׁמְר֤וּ אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּע֙ לַאֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֑ה וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים מִיַּ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | For it was because of the Lord's love for you, and because of his keeping the oath which he swore to your fathers, that the Lord brought you out with a strong hand, and he redeemed you from a house of slavery – from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, |
his keeping: we read this as וּמִשָּׁמְרוֹ. [WLC] 4.20 remarks “unclear”.
the Lord's love ← the love of the Lord, a subjective genitive. slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Deut 7:9 | וְיָ֣דַעְתָּ֔ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ ה֣וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים הָאֵל֙ הַֽנֶּאֱמָ֔ן שֹׁמֵ֧ר הַבְּרִ֣ית וְהַחֶ֗סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֛יו וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י *מצותו **מִצְוֺתָ֖יו לְאֶ֥לֶף דּֽוֹר׃ | and so that you will know that the Lord your God is God, the faithful God, keeping the covenant and maintaining mercy to those that love him and to those who keep his {Q: commandments} [K: body of commandments] for a thousand generations, | body of commandments (ketiv) ← commandment, reading מִצְוָתוֹ. Collective usage. |
| Deut 7:10 | וּמְשַׁלֵּ֧ם לְשֹׂנְאָ֛יו אֶל־פָּנָ֖יו לְהַאֲבִיד֑וֹ לֹ֤א יְאַחֵר֙ לְשֹׂ֣נְא֔וֹ אֶל־פָּנָ֖יו יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃ | but requiting those who hate him to their face, destroying them. He will not be slow with him who hates him; he will requite him to his face. |
to their face ← to his face.
them ← him. |
| Deut 7:11 | וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֨ אֶת־הַמִּצְוָ֜ה וְאֶת־הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם לַעֲשׂוֹתָֽם׃ פ | So you shall keep the body of commandments and the statutes and the regulations which I command you this day to do. | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 7:12 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ עֵ֣קֶב תִּשְׁמְע֗וּן אֵ֤ת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְשָׁמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לְךָ֗ אֶֽת־הַבְּרִית֙ וְאֶת־הַחֶ֔סֶד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And it will come to pass, provided you obey these regulations and keep them, and you do them, that the Lord your God will keep the covenant with you and maintain the mercy which he swore to your fathers. |
provided: neither [AnLx] nor [BDB] gives this sense, but [ST] does (si).
obey ← heed, hear. |
| Deut 7:13 | וַאֲהֵ֣בְךָ֔ וּבֵרַכְךָ֖ וְהִרְבֶּ֑ךָ וּבֵרַ֣ךְ פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֣ וּפְרִֽי־אַ֠דְמָתֶךָ דְּגָ֨נְךָ֜ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֗ךָ שְׁגַר־אֲלָפֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֔ךָ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָ֥תֶת לָֽךְ׃ | And he will love you and bless you and multiply you, and he will bless the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground – your corn and your new wine and your new oil, the offspring of your oxen and the issue of your flock on the land which he swore to your fathers to give to you. | land ← ground. |
| Deut 7:14 | בָּר֥וּךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּ֑ים לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֛ עָקָ֥ר וַֽעֲקָרָ֖ה וּבִבְהֶמְתֶּֽךָ׃ | You will be more blessed than any of the nations. There will not be anyone sterile or barren among you or among your cattle. |
any ← all.
sterile ... barren: in the masculine ... feminine singular. |
| Deut 7:15 | וְהֵסִ֧יר יְהוָ֛ה מִמְּךָ֖ כָּל־חֹ֑לִי וְכָל־מַדְוֵי֩ מִצְרַ֨יִם הָרָעִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֗עְתָּ לֹ֤א יְשִׂימָם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּנְתָנָ֖ם בְּכָל־שֹׂנְאֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord will remove from you every illness and every evil disease of Egypt which you have known. He will not lay them on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you. | AV differs in syntactical arrangement. We take the revia on you have known as strongly disjunctive (our full stop). |
| Deut 7:16 | וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ לֹא־תָחֹ֥ס עֵֽינְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תַעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־מוֹקֵ֥שׁ ה֖וּא לָֽךְ׃ ס | And you will devour all the nations which the Lord your God gives to you. Your eye will not show pity to them, and you will not serve their gods, for that is a snare to you. | |
| Deut 7:17 | כִּ֤י תֹאמַר֙ בִּלְבָ֣בְךָ֔ רַבִּ֛ים הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִמֶּ֑נִּי אֵיכָ֥ה אוּכַ֖ל לְהוֹרִישָֽׁם׃ | If you say in your heart, ‘These nations are more numerous than me. How will I be able to dispossess them?’ – | than me: or, if the reader prefers, than I. |
| Deut 7:18 | לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם זָכֹ֣ר תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְפַרְעֹ֖ה וּלְכָל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | you shall not fear them. You shall plainly remember what the Lord your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt. | plainly remember: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 7:19 | הַמַּסֹּ֨ת הַגְּדֹלֹ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְהָאֹתֹ֤ת וְהַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ וְהַיָּ֤ד הַחֲזָקָה֙ וְהַזְּרֹ֣עַ הַנְּטוּיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצִֽאֲךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כֵּֽן־יַעֲשֶׂ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה יָרֵ֖א מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | As with the great trials which your eyes saw, and the signs and the wonders, and the strong hand and the outstretched arm, when the Lord your God brought you out, so the Lord your God will do to all the people you are afraid of. | trials: i.e. occasions where the Lord's faithfulness was put to the test and miracles followed. |
| Deut 7:20 | וְגַם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה יְשַׁלַּ֛ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם עַד־אֲבֹ֗ד הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֛ים וְהַנִּסְתָּרִ֖ים מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord your God will also send the hornet against them, until those that remain and those that hide from you have perished. | |
| Deut 7:21 | לֹ֥א תַעֲרֹ֖ץ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּקִרְבֶּ֔ךָ אֵ֥ל גָּד֖וֹל וְנוֹרָֽא׃ | You will not be terrified of them, for the Lord your God is in your midst – a great and fearsome God. | |
| Deut 7:22 | וְנָשַׁל֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֛ל מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ מְעַ֣ט מְעָ֑ט לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ כַּלֹּתָ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר פֶּן־תִּרְבֶּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And the Lord your God will drive out those nations before you little by little. You will not be able to make an end of them quickly, in case the wild animals increase against you. | wild animals ← animal / fauna of the field. |
| Deut 7:23 | וּנְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְהָמָם֙ מְהוּמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽם׃ | And the Lord your God will place them before you, and he will rout them with a great rout, until they have been destroyed. | |
| Deut 7:24 | וְנָתַ֤ן מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְהַאֲבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ בְּפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִֽדְךָ֖ אֹתָֽם׃ | And he will deliver their kings into your hand, and you will obliterate their name from under heaven. No man shall stand to face you until you have destroyed them. |
to face you ← against your face.
until: i.e. all the time leading up to when (you have destroyed them). |
| Deut 7:25 | פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֑שׁ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹד֩ כֶּ֨סֶף וְזָהָ֤ב עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ לָ֔ךְ פֶּ֚ן תִּוָּקֵ֣שׁ בּ֔וֹ כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃ | You will burn the carved images of their gods with fire. You shall not desire the silver and gold on them, or take it for yourself, in case you are ensnared by it, for it is an abomination to the Lord your God. |
with fire ← with the fire. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
abomination to ← abomination of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Deut 7:26 | וְלֹא־תָבִ֤יא תֽוֹעֵבָה֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ חֵ֖רֶם כָּמֹ֑הוּ שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖נּוּ כִּי־חֵ֥רֶם הֽוּא׃ פ | You shall not bring an abomination into your house in case you become an accursed thing like it. You shall utterly abhor it and thoroughly abominate it, for it is an accursed thing. |
in case: purposive use of the vav.
utterly abhor ... thoroughly abominate: both infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 8:1 | כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּן וּרְבִיתֶ֗ם וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | You shall ensure that you do the whole body of commandments which I am commanding you today, so that you live and increase, and you enter in and take possession of the land which the Lord swore to your fathers. |
ensure ← guard.
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 8:2 | וְזָכַרְתָּ֣ אֶת־כָּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֹלִֽיכֲךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ זֶ֛ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמַ֨עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ לָדַ֜עַת אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֛ הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר *מצותו **מִצְוֺתָ֖יו אִם־לֹֽא׃ | And you shall remember the whole of the way the Lord your God made you go for these forty years in the desert, in order to humble you, and to test you, so as to know what is in your heart, whether you will keep his {Q: commandments} [K: body of commandments] or not. | On the ketiv, see Deut 7:9. |
| Deut 8:3 | וַֽיְעַנְּךָ֮ וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ֒ וַיַּֽאֲכִֽלְךָ֤ אֶת הַמָּן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן הוֹדִֽעֲךָ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֣א עַל־הַלֶּ֤חֶם לְבַדּוֹ֙ יִחְיֶ֣ה הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֛י עַל־כָּל־מוֹצָ֥א פִֽי־יְהוָ֖ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָֽם׃ | And he humbled you, and he allowed you to hunger, then he fed you with manna which you did not know, nor have your fathers known it, so as to make it known to you that man shall not live by bread alone, but man shall live by every utterance of the mouth of the Lord. | Matt 4:4, Luke 4:4. |
| Deut 8:4 | שִׂמְלָ֨תְךָ֜ לֹ֤א בָֽלְתָה֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְרַגְלְךָ֖ לֹ֣א בָצֵ֑קָה זֶ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | Your clothing did not wear out on you, and your feet did not swell, for these forty years, |
on you ← from on you.
feet ← foot. |
| Deut 8:5 | וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ עִם־לְבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יְיַסֵּ֥ר אִישׁ֙ אֶת־בְּנ֔וֹ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מְיַסְּרֶֽךָּ׃ | so that you should acknowledge with your heart that as a man disciplines his son, so the Lord your God has been disciplining you. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 8:6 | וְשָׁ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לָלֶ֥כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֖יו וּלְיִרְאָ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God, by walking in his ways and fearing him. | by walking ... fearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 8:7 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מְבִֽיאֲךָ֖ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ טוֹבָ֑ה אֶ֚רֶץ נַ֣חֲלֵי מָ֔יִם עֲיָנֹת֙ וּתְהֹמֹ֔ת יֹצְאִ֥ים בַּבִּקְעָ֖ה וּבָהָֽר׃ | For the Lord your God is bringing you to a good land, a land of brooks of water, springs and underground water issuing in the valley and mountains, |
underground water ← depths.
mountains ← mountain. Collective usage. |
| Deut 8:8 | אֶ֤רֶץ חִטָּה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֔ה וְגֶ֥פֶן וּתְאֵנָ֖ה וְרִמּ֑וֹן אֶֽרֶץ־זֵ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶן וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | a land of wheat and barley and vines and figs and pomegranates, a land of oil-bearing olives and honey, | vines ... figs ... pomegranates ... olives: singular in Hebrew; collective usage. |
| Deut 8:9 | אֶ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א בְמִסְכֵּנֻת֙ תֹּֽאכַל־בָּ֣הּ לֶ֔חֶם לֹֽא־תֶחְסַ֥ר כֹּ֖ל בָּ֑הּ אֶ֚רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲבָנֶ֣יהָ בַרְזֶ֔ל וּמֵהֲרָרֶ֖יהָ תַּחְצֹ֥ב נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | a land that knows no scarcity. You will eat bread in it, you will lack nothing in it – a land whose stones are iron-bearing, and from whose hills you can mine copper. |
nothing ← not everything.
mine ← hew. AV differs somewhat in syntactical arrangement. |
| Deut 8:10 | וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃ | And you will eat and be satisfied, and you shall bless the Lord your God on the good land which he has given you. | |
| Deut 8:11 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֨י שְׁמֹ֤ר מִצְוֺתָיו֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Be on your guard not to forget the Lord your God, by not keeping his commandments and his regulations and his statutes which I am commanding you today, | by not keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 8:12 | פֶּן־תֹּאכַ֖ל וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבָתִּ֥ים טוֹבִ֛ים תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְיָשָֽׁבְתָּ׃ | lest you eat and are satisfied, and you build fine houses and live in them, | |
| Deut 8:13 | וּבְקָֽרְךָ֤ וְצֹֽאנְךָ֙ יִרְבְּיֻ֔ן וְכֶ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב יִרְבֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ יִרְבֶּֽה׃ | and your cattle and flocks increase, and your silver and gold increase, and everything you have increases, | |
| Deut 8:14 | וְרָ֖ם לְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | and your heart becomes haughty, and you forget the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt – out of a house of slavery. | slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Deut 8:15 | הַמּוֹלִ֨יכֲךָ֜ בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּדֹ֣ל וְהַנּוֹרָ֗א נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְעַקְרָ֔ב וְצִמָּא֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־מָ֑יִם הַמּוֹצִ֤יא לְךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִצּ֖וּר הַֽחַלָּמִֽישׁ׃ | He it is who made you go in the great and fearsome desert of the fiery serpent and the scorpion, in a thirsty land where there is no water, who produced water for you from a rock of flint, | fiery serpent: perhaps two creatures (the snake and the fiery serpent), since נָחָשׁ and שָׂרָף are nouns in the absolute state. |
| Deut 8:16 | הַמַּֽאֲכִ֨לְךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֗ וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ נַסֹּתֶ֔ךָ לְהֵיטִֽבְךָ֖ בְּאַחֲרִיתֶֽךָ׃ | who fed you with manna in the desert, which your fathers did not know, so as to humble you and so as to test you, to make things go well for you in your latter time. | |
| Deut 8:17 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ כֹּחִי֙ וְעֹ֣צֶם יָדִ֔י עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֶת־הַחַ֥יִל הַזֶּֽה׃ | Yet you say in your heart, ‘My own power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth.’ | yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| Deut 8:18 | וְזָֽכַרְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י ה֗וּא הַנֹּתֵ֥ן לְךָ֛ כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת חָ֑יִל לְמַ֨עַן הָקִ֧ים אֶת־בְּרִית֛וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | But you shall remember the Lord your God. For it is he who gives you the power to generate wealth, so that he sets up his covenant which he swore to your fathers, as it stands this day. | |
| Deut 8:19 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁכֹ֤חַ תִּשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֗ אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתָּ֖ם וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֣יתָ לָהֶ֑ם הַעִדֹ֤תִי בָכֶם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֥י אָבֹ֖ד תֹּאבֵדֽוּן׃ | But it will come to pass, if you clean forget the Lord your God, and you follow after other gods, and you serve them and worship them – I testify against you today – you will certainly perish. |
clean forget: infinitive absolute. Perhaps to be read in any way forget.
today: see Deut 4:26 and Luke 23:43. certainly perish: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 8:20 | כַּגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְהוָה֙ מַאֲבִ֣יד מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם כֵּ֖ן תֹאבֵד֑וּן עֵ֚קֶב לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּן בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | As with the nations which the Lord is destroying in front of you, so you will perish, because you didn't heed the Lord your God. | heed ← hear the voice of. |
| Deut 9:1 | שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַתָּ֨ה עֹבֵ֤ר הַיּוֹם֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָבֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת גּוֹיִ֔ם גְּדֹלִ֥ים וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑ךָּ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וּבְצֻרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Hear, O Israel, you are crossing the Jordan today, to enter to dispossess nations greater and stronger than yourself with cities which are large and fortified to the sky. | |
| Deut 9:2 | עַֽם־גָּד֥וֹל וָרָ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י עֲנָקִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ וְאַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ מִ֣י יִתְיַצֵּ֔ב לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָֽק׃ | The sons of the Anakites are a large and tall people whom you know, and of whom you have heard it said, ‘Who can stand in the face of the sons of Anak?’ | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Deut 9:3 | וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ הַיּ֗וֹם כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ הֽוּא־הָעֹבֵ֤ר לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣שׁ אֹֽכְלָ֔ה ה֧וּא יַשְׁמִידֵ֛ם וְה֥וּא יַכְנִיעֵ֖ם לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְהֽוֹרַשְׁתָּ֤ם וְהַֽאַבַדְתָּם֙ מַהֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לָֽךְ׃ | So know today that the Lord your God is he who is crossing in front of you – a consuming fire. He will destroy them and he will subdue them at your advance, and you will dispossess them and destroy them quickly as the Lord has told you. | at your advance ← before you. |
| Deut 9:4 | אַל־תֹּאמַ֣ר בִּלְבָבְךָ֗ בַּהֲדֹ֣ף יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֹתָ֥ם ׀ מִלְּפָנֶיךָ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּצִדְקָתִי֙ הֱבִיאַ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה יְהוָ֖ה מוֹרִישָׁ֥ם מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | Do not say in your heart when the Lord your God drives them out at your advance, saying, ‘Because of my righteousness the Lord brought me to take possession of this land’; rather it is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is dispossessing them at your advance. |
at your advance (2x) ← from before you.
rather: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 9:5 | לֹ֣א בְצִדְקָתְךָ֗ וּבְיֹ֙שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑ם כִּ֞י בְּרִשְׁעַ֣ת ׀ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ מוֹרִישָׁ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ וּלְמַ֜עַן הָקִ֣ים אֶת־הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לַאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | It is not because of your righteousness or the uprightness of your heart that you are entering in to possess their land, but it is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord your God is dispossessing them at your advance, and in order to establish the word which the Lord swore to your fathers – to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. | at your advance ← from before you. |
| Deut 9:6 | וְיָדַעְתָּ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֤א בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֠לֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֜ אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף אָֽתָּה׃ | And you will know that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is giving you this good land to possess, for you are a stiff-necked people. | |
| Deut 9:7 | זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־הִקְצַ֛פְתָּ אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣אתָ ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ עַד־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָֽה׃ | Remember – do not forget – that by which you provoked the Lord your God to anger in the desert. From the day when you came out of the land of Egypt up to your coming to this place, you have been rebelling against the Lord. | your coming: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 9:8 | וּבְחֹרֵ֥ב הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | At Horeb you provoked the Lord to anger, and the Lord became angry with you to the point of destroying you. | destroying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 9:9 | בַּעֲלֹתִ֣י הָהָ֗רָה לָקַ֜חַת לוּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וָאֵשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֗ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי׃ | When I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets – the tablets of the covenant which the Lord made with you – I remained in the mountain for forty days and forty nights. I ate no bread and I drank no water. | |
| Deut 9:10 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל׃ | And the Lord gave me the two tablets of stone, written by the finger of God, and on them was a record of all the words which the Lord spoke with you at the mountain from the middle of the fire on the day of the convocation. | a record of ← according to. |
| Deut 9:11 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים לֻח֥וֹת הַבְּרִֽית׃ | And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights that the Lord gave me the two stone tablets – the tablets of the covenant. | |
| Deut 9:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ק֣וּם רֵ֤ד מַהֵר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵ֖אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם מַסֵּכָֽה׃ | And the Lord said to me, ‘Arise and go down from here quickly, for your people whom you brought out of Egypt have acted corruptly. They have quickly departed from the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a cast image.’ | |
| Deut 9:13 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֑ר רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא׃ | And the Lord spoke to me and said, ‘I have seen this people, and look, it is a stiff-necked people. | |
| Deut 9:14 | הֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ וְאַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וְאֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֽוֹתְךָ֔ לְגוֹי־עָצ֥וּם וָרָ֖ב מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | Leave off me, and I will destroy them, and I will blot out their name from under heaven, and I will make you into a more powerful and numerous people than them.’ |
leave off me ← desist from me.
than them ← than it. |
| Deut 9:15 | וָאֵ֗פֶן וָֽאֵרֵד֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וּשְׁנֵי֙ לֻחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י יָדָֽי׃ | Then I turned and went down from the mountain, while the mountain was burning with fire, and I had the two tablets of the covenant in my two hands. | |
| Deut 9:16 | וָאֵ֗רֶא וְהִנֵּ֤ה חֲטָאתֶם֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַדֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I looked, and what I saw was that you had sinned against the Lord your God – you had made yourselves a cast calf. You had quickly departed from the way which the Lord commanded you. | what I saw was that ← behold. |
| Deut 9:17 | וָאֶתְפֹּשׂ֙ בִּשְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וָֽאַשְׁלִכֵ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֑י וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵ֖ם לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then I took hold of the two tablets and threw them out of my two hands and broke them in your sight, | |
| Deut 9:18 | וָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה כָּרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי עַ֤ל כָּל־חַטַּאתְכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲטָאתֶ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃ | and I fell down before the Lord as at first, for forty days and forty nights. I did not eat bread and I did not drink water for all your sin by which you sinned in doing wrong in the eyes of the Lord, so as to provoke him to anger. | in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 9:19 | כִּ֣י יָגֹ֗רְתִּי מִפְּנֵ֤י הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֥עַם הַהִֽוא׃ | For I was afraid because of the anger and fury by which the Lord had become irate over you to the point of destroying you, but the Lord listened to me that time too. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 9:20 | וּֽבְאַהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְהַשְׁמִיד֑וֹ וָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַהֲרֹ֖ן בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא | Nevertheless, the Lord became very angry with Aaron, to the point of destroying him, but I prayed for Aaron too at that time. | destroying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 9:21 | וְֽאֶת־חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם אֲשֶׁר־עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעֵ֗גֶל לָקַחְתִּי֮ וָאֶשְׂרֹ֣ף אֹת֣וֹ ׀ בָּאֵשׁ֒ וָאֶכֹּ֨ת אֹת֤וֹ טָחוֹן֙ הֵיטֵ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־דַּ֖ק לְעָפָ֑ר וָֽאַשְׁלִךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָר֔וֹ אֶל־הַנַּ֖חַל הַיֹּרֵ֥ד מִן־הָהָֽר׃ | And as for your sin in that you made the calf, I took it and burnt it in fire and crushed it and ground it down until it was as fine as dust, then I cast its dust into the brook which went down the mountain. | ground it down: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Deut 9:22 | וּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה מַקְצִפִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And in Taberah and in Massah and in Kibroth-Hattaavah you provoked the Lord to anger, | |
| Deut 9:23 | וּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֙עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃ | and when the Lord sent you from Kadesh-Barnea, saying, ‘Go up and take possession of the land which I have given you’, you rebelled against the word of the Lord your God, and you did not believe him, nor did you obey him. |
word ← mouth.
obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Deut 9:24 | מַמְרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם עִם־יְהוָ֑ה מִיּ֖וֹם דַּעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | You have been rebelling against the Lord since the day I first knew you. | |
| Deut 9:25 | וָֽאֶתְנַפַּ֞ל לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַלַּ֖יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | So I fell down before the Lord for the forty days and forty nights, during which I was fallen down, for the Lord had said that he was on the point of destroying you. |
during which: AV differs (as at the first).
of destroying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 9:26 | וָאֶתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֶל־יְהוָה֮ וָאֹמַר֒ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֤ת עַמְּךָ֙ וְנַחֲלָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּדִ֖יתָ בְּגָדְלֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃ | And I prayed to the Lord, and I said, ‘My Lord the Lord, do not destroy your people and your inheritance whom you redeemed by your greatness when you brought them out of Egypt with a strong hand. | |
| Deut 9:27 | זְכֹר֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב אַל־תֵּ֗פֶן אֶל־קְשִׁי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֶל־רִשְׁע֖וֹ וְאֶל־חַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ | Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Do not pay attention to the stubbornness of this people or to their wickedness or to their sin, | pay attention ← turn. |
| Deut 9:28 | פֶּן־יֹאמְר֗וּ הָאָרֶץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁם֒ מִבְּלִי֙ יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהוָ֔ה לַהֲבִיאָ֕ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וּמִשִּׂנְאָת֣וֹ אוֹתָ֔ם הוֹצִיאָ֖ם לַהֲמִתָ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | so that people do not say that it is because the Lord is not able to bring them from the land out of which you brought us, to the land which he told them, and that because of his hatred of them he brought them out to kill them in the desert. |
so that people do not say: AV differs (lest the land whence thou broughtest us out say).
hatred of them ← hatred of it. Elsewhere in this verse the pronoun is plural. |
| Deut 9:29 | וְהֵ֥ם עַמְּךָ֖ וְנַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֙אתָ֙ בְּכֹחֲךָ֣ הַגָּדֹ֔ל וּבִֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָֽה׃ פ | And they are your people and your inheritance whom you brought out by your great strength and with your outstretched arm.’ | |
| Deut 10:1 | בָּעֵ֨ת הַהִ֜וא אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֣ה אֵלַ֗י פְּסָל־לְךָ֞ שְׁנֵֽי־לֻוחֹ֤ת אֲבָנִים֙ כָּרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים וַעֲלֵ֥ה אֵלַ֖י הָהָ֑רָה וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לְּךָ֖ אֲר֥וֹן עֵֽץ׃ | At that time the Lord said to me, ‘Hew yourself two stone tablets like the first ones, and come up the mountain to me, and make yourself an ark of wood, | |
| Deut 10:2 | וְאֶכְתֹּב֙ עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֛וּ עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֥ת הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁבַּ֑רְתָּ וְשַׂמְתָּ֖ם בָּאָרֽוֹן׃ | and I will write on the tablets the words which were on the first tablets, which you broke, and you will put them in the ark.’ | broke: piel, giving a suggestion of intensity or perhaps anger. |
| Deut 10:3 | וָאַ֤עַשׂ אֲרוֹן֙ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וָאֶפְסֹ֛ל שְׁנֵי־לֻחֹ֥ת אֲבָנִ֖ים כָּרִאשֹׁנִ֑ים וָאַ֣עַל הָהָ֔רָה וּשְׁנֵ֥י הַלֻּחֹ֖ת בְּיָדִֽי׃ | So I made an ark of acacia wood, and I hewed two tablets of stone like the first ones, and I went up the mountain with the two tablets in my hands. | hands ← hand, but it could be re-pointed to the plural. |
| Deut 10:4 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב עַֽל־הַלֻּחֹ֜ת כַּמִּכְתָּ֣ב הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֵ֚ת עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֣וֹם הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָֽי׃ | And he wrote on the tablets – as was the first writing – the ten commandments which the Lord spoke to you at the mountain from the middle of the fire on the day of the convocation, and the Lord gave them to me. | commandments ← words, but also commandments. |
| Deut 10:5 | וָאֵ֗פֶן וָֽאֵרֵד֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וָֽאָשִׂם֙ אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת בָּאָר֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑יתִי וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוַּ֖נִי יְהוָֽה׃ | Then I turned round and went down from the mountain, and I put the tablets in the ark which I had made, and they were there, as the Lord had commanded me. | |
| Deut 10:6 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נָֽסְע֛וּ מִבְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה שָׁ֣ם מֵ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וַיִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם וַיְכַהֵ֛ן אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | Then the sons of Israel moved from Beeroth of the sons of Jaakan to Moserah. Aaron died there, and he was buried there, and Eleazar his son carried out the office of priest instead of him. |
Moserah: AV= Mosera, ignoring the final hé (which is not pointed as a locative case ending).
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Deut 10:7 | מִשָּׁ֥ם נָסְע֖וּ הַגֻּדְגֹּ֑דָה וּמִן־הַגֻּדְגֹּ֣דָה יָטְבָ֔תָה אֶ֖רֶץ נַ֥חֲלֵי מָֽיִם׃ | From there they removed to Gudgodah, and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land of brooks of water. | Gudgodah (2x) ← the Gudgod, in recessive stress, with a locative ending, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Deut 10:8 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗וא הִבְדִּ֤יל יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט הַלֵּוִ֔י לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֑ה לַעֲמֹד֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ֙ וּלְבָרֵ֣ךְ בִּשְׁמ֔וֹ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | At that time the Lord separated the Levite tribe to bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord, to stand before the Lord, to serve him and to bless in his name, up to this day. | |
| Deut 10:9 | עַל־כֵּ֞ן לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה לְלֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֖ה עִם־אֶחָ֑יו יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לֽוֹ׃ | For this reason Levi did not have a share and an inheritance with his brothers – it is the Lord who is his inheritance, as the Lord your God said to him. | |
| Deut 10:10 | וְאָנֹכִ֞י עָמַ֣דְתִּי בָהָ֗ר כַּיָּמִים֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י גַּ֚ם בַּפַּ֣עַם הַהִ֔וא לֹא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַשְׁחִיתֶֽךָ׃ | Then I stayed on the mountain for the same number of days as previously – forty days and forty nights – and the Lord heard me that time too; the Lord was willing not to destroy you. |
stayed ← stood.
for the same number of days ← as the days. was willing not to destroy you ← was not willing to destroy you. A negated verb can have an unexpected sense; compare Greek οὔ φημι, I deny. |
| Deut 10:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י ק֛וּם לֵ֥ךְ לְמַסַּ֖ע לִפְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְיָבֹ֙אוּ֙ וְיִֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ פ | Then the Lord said to me, ‘Arise, go on your journey before the people, and they shall enter and take possession of the land about which I swore to their fathers that I would give it to them.’ | |
| Deut 10:12 | וְעַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מָ֚ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ שֹׁאֵ֖ל מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י אִם־לְ֠יִרְאָה אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לָלֶ֤כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָיו֙ וּלְאַהֲבָ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ וְלַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | So now, O Israel, what does the Lord your God ask of you, but to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all his paths and to love him, and to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, | |
| Deut 10:13 | לִשְׁמֹ֞ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֤ת יְהוָה֙ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם לְט֖וֹב לָֽךְ׃ | to keep the Lord's commandments and his statutes which I am commanding you today, for your well-being? | |
| Deut 10:14 | הֵ֚ן לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּשְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הָאָ֖רֶץ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃ | Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and everything in it are the Lord your God's. | |
| Deut 10:15 | רַ֧ק בַּאֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ חָשַׁ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה לְאַהֲבָ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּבְחַ֞ר בְּזַרְעָ֣ם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם בָּכֶ֛ם מִכָּל־הָעַמִּ֖ים כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּה׃ | But the Lord fixed upon your fathers to love them, and he chose their seed after them – you – above all nations, as it is this day. | fixed upon: AV differs somewhat (had a delight). |
| Deut 10:16 | וּמַלְתֶּ֕ם אֵ֖ת עָרְלַ֣ת לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וְעָ֨רְפְּכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַקְשׁ֖וּ עֽוֹד׃ | So circumcise the foreskin of your hearts and no longer stiffen your necks. | hearts ... necks ← heart ... neck. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. The imperative is plural. |
| Deut 10:17 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֚וּא אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַאֲדֹנֵ֖י הָאֲדֹנִ֑ים הָאֵ֨ל הַגָּדֹ֤ל הַגִּבֹּר֙ וְהַנּוֹרָ֔א אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א פָנִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִקַּ֖ח שֹֽׁחַד׃ | For the Lord your God is the God of gods and Lord of lords, the most great and mighty and fearsome God, who does not show partiality and does not accept a bribe, | show partiality ← lift the face. |
| Deut 10:18 | עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יָת֖וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֑ה וְאֹהֵ֣ב גֵּ֔ר לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ לֶ֥חֶם וְשִׂמְלָֽה׃ | who executes justice for the orphan and the widow, and who loves the foreigner in giving him bread and clothing. |
in giving: gerundial use of the infinitive.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Deut 10:19 | וַאֲהַבְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הַגֵּ֑ר כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | So you shall love the foreigner, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. | |
| Deut 10:20 | אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ תִּירָ֖א אֹת֣וֹ תַעֲבֹ֑ד וּב֣וֹ תִדְבָּ֔ק וּבִשְׁמ֖וֹ תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ׃ | You shall fear the Lord your God; you shall serve him and cleave to him and swear by his name. | Luke 4:8. |
| Deut 10:21 | ה֥וּא תְהִלָּתְךָ֖ וְה֣וּא אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה אִתְּךָ֗ אֶת־הַגְּדֹלֹ֤ת וְאֶת־הַנּֽוֹרָאֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָא֖וּ עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | He is your praise and he is your God, who performed these great and fearsome things with you present, which your eyes saw. | |
| Deut 10:22 | בְּשִׁבְעִ֣ים נֶ֔פֶשׁ יָרְד֥וּ אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ מִצְרָ֑יְמָהּ וְעַתָּ֗ה שָֽׂמְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹֽב׃ | Your fathers who went down to Egypt were seventy persons, but now the Lord your God has made you like the stars of the sky in multitude. | persons ← souls. |
| Deut 11:1 | וְאָ֣הַבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗וֹ וְחֻקֹּתָ֧יו וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֛יו וּמִצְוֺתָ֖יו כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And you shall love the Lord your God, and you shall keep his charge and his statutes and his regulations and his commandments all the time. | all the time ← all the days. |
| Deut 11:2 | וִֽידַעְתֶּם֮ הַיּוֹם֒ כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֣א אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־רָא֔וּ אֶת־מוּסַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם אֶת־גָּדְל֕וֹ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ הַחֲזָקָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ הַנְּטוּיָֽה׃ | And you shall know today that it is not with your sons that he was active, who do not know and who did not see the discipline of the Lord your God, his greatness, his strong hand and his outstretched arm, | it is not: the balancing clause is in verse 7. |
| Deut 11:3 | וְאֶת־אֹֽתֹתָיו֙ וְאֶֽת־מַעֲשָׂ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | and his signs and his deeds which he did in the midst of Egypt to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to all his land, | |
| Deut 11:4 | וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְחֵ֨יל מִצְרַ֜יִם לְסוּסָ֣יו וּלְרִכְבּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵצִ֜יף אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם בְּרָדְפָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיְאַבְּדֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | and what he did to the army of Egypt, to its horses and to its chariot fleet, when he made the water of the Red Sea overflow on top of them, when they were pursuing you, and the Lord destroyed them, as it stands up to this day, | |
| Deut 11:5 | וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | and what he did for you in the desert, until you came to this place, | |
| Deut 11:6 | וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְדָתָ֣ן וְלַאֲבִירָ֗ם בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיאָב֮ בֶּן־רְאוּבֵן֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּצְתָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־פִּ֔יהָ וַתִּבְלָעֵ֥ם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַיְקוּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם בְּקֶ֖רֶב כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and what he did to Dathan and to Abiram, the sons of Eliab the son of Reuben, when the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, and their houses and their tents and all the property that was at their feet in the midst of all Israel, | |
| Deut 11:7 | כִּ֤י עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הָֽרֹאֹ֔ת אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַגָּדֹ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | for it is your eyes that have seen all the great work of the Lord which he has done. | |
| Deut 11:8 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | So keep the whole body of commandments which I am commanding you today, so that you may be strong, and you enter in and take possession of the land to which you are crossing over, in order to take possession of it, | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 11:9 | וּלְמַ֨עַן תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֛ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם וּלְזַרְעָ֑ם אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ ס | and so that you prolong your days on the land about which the Lord swore to your fathers that he would give it to them and to their seed – a land flowing with milk and honey. | land ← ground. |
| Deut 11:10 | כִּ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה בָא־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ לֹ֣א כְאֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ הִ֔וא אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְצָאתֶ֖ם מִשָּׁ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּזְרַע֙ אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֔ וְהִשְׁקִ֥יתָ בְרַגְלְךָ֖ כְּגַ֥ן הַיָּרָֽק׃ | For the land to which you are going, to take possession of it, is not like the land of Egypt from where you came out, where you sowed your seed and watered it on foot like a vegetable garden, | a vegetable garden ← the vegetable garden. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Deut 11:11 | וְהָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ אֶ֥רֶץ הָרִ֖ים וּבְקָעֹ֑ת לִמְטַ֥ר הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם תִּשְׁתֶּה־מָּֽיִם׃ | but the land to which you are crossing over to take possession of is a land of mountains and valleys. It drinks water by rain from the sky, | |
| Deut 11:12 | אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ דֹּרֵ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑הּ תָּמִ֗יד עֵינֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּ֔הּ מֵֽרֵשִׁית֙ הַשָּׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד אַחֲרִ֥ית שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | a land which the Lord your God cares for. The eyes of the Lord your God are continually on it, from the start of the year to the end of the year. | cares for ← seeks, i.e. seeks the interests of. |
| Deut 11:13 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ וּלְעָבְד֔וֹ בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And it shall come to pass, if you diligently obey my commandments which I am commanding you today, to love the Lord your God and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul, |
Apparently Moses is now speaking on behalf of the Lord. Moses was speaking at Deut 10:11, and it is not clear where, if at all, direct speech from the Lord commences between there and here.
diligently obey ← diligently hear, with an infinitive absolute to give diligently. |
| Deut 11:14 | וְנָתַתִּ֧י מְטַֽר־אַרְצְכֶ֛ם בְּעִתּ֖וֹ יוֹרֶ֣ה וּמַלְק֑וֹשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֣ דְגָנֶ֔ךָ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֖ וְיִצְהָרֶֽךָ׃ | then I will give rain on your land in its season, the early rain and the latter rain, and you will gather your grain, and your new wine, and your new oil. | rain on ← rain of. Wider use of the construct state. Alternatively one could translate rain for. |
| Deut 11:15 | וְנָתַתִּ֛י עֵ֥שֶׂב בְּשָׂדְךָ֖ לִבְהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָֽעְתָּ׃ | And I will put grass in your field for your cattle, and you will eat and be satisfied. | |
| Deut 11:16 | הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם פֶּ֥ן יִפְתֶּ֖ה לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וְסַרְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃ | Be on your guard that your heart is not deceived, and you turn aside and serve other gods and worship them, | |
| Deut 11:17 | וְחָרָ֨ה אַף־יְהוָ֜ה בָּכֶ֗ם וְעָצַ֤ר אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר וְהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן אֶת־יְבוּלָ֑הּ וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֗ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃ | and the Lord's anger is kindled against you, and he restrains the sky so that there will be no rain, and the soil does not yield its produce, and you quickly perish on the good land which the Lord is giving you. |
restrains: or shuts up.
perish on ← perish from. |
| Deut 11:18 | וְשַׂמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־דְּבָרַ֣י אֵ֔לֶּה עַל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וְעַֽל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וּקְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤ם לְאוֹת֙ עַל־יֶדְכֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ לְטוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you shall impress these words of mine on your heart and on your soul, and you will bind them as a sign on your hand, and they will be phylacteries between your eyes. | impress ← place. |
| Deut 11:19 | וְלִמַּדְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃ | And you will teach them to your sons, by speaking about them when you sit down in your house, and when you walk on the road, and when you lie down and when you get up. |
by speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
This verse contains plural and singular “you” forms. |
| Deut 11:20 | וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזוּז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates, | |
| Deut 11:21 | לְמַ֨עַן יִרְבּ֤וּ יְמֵיכֶם֙ וִימֵ֣י בְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם כִּימֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | in order that your days may be many, and the days of your sons, on the land about which the Lord swore to your fathers that he would give it to them, as the days of heaven on the earth. | land ← ground. |
| Deut 11:22 | כִּי֩ אִם־שָׁמֹ֨ר תִּשְׁמְר֜וּן אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֗את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם לַעֲשֹׂתָ֑הּ לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם לָלֶ֥כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֖יו וּלְדָבְקָה־בֽוֹ׃ | For if you diligently keep this whole body of commandments which I am commanding you to carry out: to love the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cleave to him, |
diligently keep: infinitive absolute.
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 11:23 | וְהוֹרִ֧ישׁ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם גְּדֹלִ֥ים וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים מִכֶּֽם׃ | then the Lord will dispossess all these nations at your advance, and you will take possession of nations greater and more powerful than yourselves. | at your advance ← from before you. |
| Deut 11:24 | כָּל־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם יִהְיֶ֑ה מִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֨ר וְהַלְּבָנ֜וֹן מִן־הַנָּהָ֣ר נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת וְעַד֙ הַיָּ֣ם הָֽאַחֲר֔וֹן יִהְיֶ֖ה גְּבֻלְכֶֽם׃ | All the space which the sole of your foot treads on will be yours. Your border will be from the desert and Lebanon, from the river – the River Euphrates – to the Western Sea. | the Western Sea ← the Hinder Sea, i.e. the Mediterranean. |
| Deut 11:25 | לֹא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִ֖ישׁ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם פַּחְדְּכֶ֨ם וּמֽוֹרַאֲכֶ֜ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם עַל־פְּנֵ֤י כָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּדְרְכוּ־בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ ס | No man will be able to stand before you. The Lord your God will put fear of you and awe of you on the face of the whole land on which you will tread, as he has told you. |
will put: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
fear of you ← your fear, an objective genitive (they fear you). |
| Deut 11:26 | רְאֵ֗ה אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם בְּרָכָ֖ה וּקְלָלָֽה׃ | Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse – | |
| Deut 11:27 | אֶֽת־הַבְּרָכָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְע֗וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | the blessing provided you obey the commandments of the Lord your God, which I command you today, | obey ← hear. |
| Deut 11:28 | וְהַקְּלָלָ֗ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְסַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם לָלֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃ ס | but the curse if you do not obey the commandments of the Lord your God, and you depart from the way which I command you today, in following other gods which you have not known. |
obey ← hear.
in following: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 11:29 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֤י יְבִֽיאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֶת־הַבְּרָכָה֙ עַל־הַ֣ר גְּרִזִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַקְּלָלָ֖ה עַל־הַ֥ר עֵיבָֽל׃ | And it will come to pass that the Lord your God will bring you to the land to which you are coming, to take possession of it, and you will place the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal. | |
| Deut 11:30 | הֲלֹא־הֵ֜מָּה בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן אַֽחֲרֵי֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ מְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּעֲרָבָ֑ה מ֚וּל הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל אֵ֖צֶל אֵלוֹנֵ֥י מֹרֶֽה׃ | Are they not across the Jordan, behind the road of the setting of the sun, in the land of the Canaanites who live in the arid tract opposite Gilgal beside the oak woods of Moreh? | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Deut 11:31 | כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָבֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖הּ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּֽהּ׃ | When you cross the Jordan to enter and take possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving you, and you take possession of it and dwell in it, | |
| Deut 11:32 | וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | then you shall ensure that you carry out all the statutes and regulations which I am placing before you today. | ensure ← guard. |
| Deut 12:1 | אֵ֠לֶּה הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַעֲשׂוֹת֒ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֧י אֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ לְךָ֖ לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ כָּל־הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם חַיִּ֖ים עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | These are the statutes and the regulations which you must ensure you carry out in the land which the Lord God of your fathers has given you to take possession of, for all the days you live on the land. |
ensure ← guard.
land ← ground. |
| Deut 12:2 | אַבֵּ֣ד תְּ֠אַבְּדוּן אֶֽת־כָּל־הַמְּקֹמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֧ר עָֽבְדוּ־שָׁ֣ם הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם יֹרְשִׁ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֤ים הָֽרָמִים֙ וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֔וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָן׃ | You will completely destroy all the places where the nations which you dispossess served their gods – on the high mountains, on the hills and under every luxuriant tree. | completely destroy: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 12:3 | וְנִתַּצְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִזְבּחֹתָ֗ם וְשִׁבַּרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־מַצֵּ֣בֹתָ֔ם וַאֲשֵֽׁרֵיהֶם֙ תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֔שׁ וּפְסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֖ם תְּגַדֵּע֑וּן וְאִבַּדְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And you will demolish their altars and break up their statues and burn their phallic parks with fire, and you will cut up the idols of their gods and eradicate their name from that place. | name: singular in Hebrew, with a sense of fame / notoriety, but optionally read names as an alternative. |
| Deut 12:4 | לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂ֣וּן כֵּ֔ן לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You will not do so to the Lord your God, | |
| Deut 12:5 | כִּ֠י אִֽם־אֶל־הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֔ם לָשׂ֥וּם אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שָׁ֑ם לְשִׁכְנ֥וֹ תִדְרְשׁ֖וּ וּבָ֥אתָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | but in the place which the Lord your God has chosen from all your tribes to establish his name there, you will seek his dwelling, and you will go there. | in the place ← to the place. |
| Deut 12:6 | וַהֲבֵאתֶ֣ם שָׁ֗מָּה עֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וְזִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֵת֙ מַעְשְׂרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יֶדְכֶ֑ם וְנִדְרֵיכֶם֙ וְנִדְבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּבְכֹרֹ֥ת בְּקַרְכֶ֖ם וְצֹאנְכֶֽם׃ | And you will bring your burnt offerings there, and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and the heave-offering of your hand, and your vows, and your freewill-offerings, and the firstlings of your oxen and your flocks. | |
| Deut 12:7 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּם־שָׁ֗ם לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם בְּכֹל֙ מִשְׁלַ֣ח יֶדְכֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּֽרַכְךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will eat there before the Lord your God, and you will rejoice in everything you turn your hand to – you and your households – because the Lord your God will bless you. | in everything you turn your hand to ← in every sending of your hand. |
| Deut 12:8 | לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּן כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנַ֧חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֛ים פֹּ֖ה הַיּ֑וֹם אִ֖ישׁ כָּל־הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ | You shall not do anything that we are doing here today, each man doing whatever is right in his own eyes. |
anything ← as everything.
whatever ← everything. |
| Deut 12:9 | כִּ֥י לֹא־בָּאתֶ֖ם עַד־עָ֑תָּה אֶל־הַמְּנוּחָה֙ וְאֶל־הַֽנַּחֲלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ | For up to now you have not come to the rest and to the inheritance which the Lord your God is giving you, | |
| Deut 12:10 | וַעֲבַרְתֶּם֮ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֣ם בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מַנְחִ֣יל אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְהֵנִ֨יחַ לָכֶ֧ם מִכָּל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בֶּֽטַח׃ | but you will cross the Jordan, and you will dwell in the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance. And he will give you rest from all your enemies round about, and you will dwell in safety. | |
| Deut 12:11 | וְהָיָ֣ה הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֥ם בּוֹ֙ לְשַׁכֵּ֤ן שְׁמוֹ֙ שָׁ֔ם שָׁ֣מָּה תָבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם עוֹלֹתֵיכֶ֣ם וְזִבְחֵיכֶ֗ם מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וּתְרֻמַ֣ת יֶדְכֶ֔ם וְכֹל֙ מִבְחַ֣ר נִדְרֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּדְּר֖וּ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And it will come to pass that you will bring everything that I command you to the place where the Lord your God has chosen to have his name seated: your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the heave-offering of your hand, and your whole selection of vows which you make to the Lord. |
command: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
to the place ← the place ... to there. seated ← to cause to dwell, to settle. vows which you make ← vows which you vow. |
| Deut 12:12 | וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵי֮ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ אַתֶּ֗ם וּבְנֵיכֶם֙ וּבְנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְעַבְדֵיכֶ֖ם וְאַמְהֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהַלֵּוִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵיכֶ֔ם כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין ל֛וֹ חֵ֥לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֖ה אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | And you will rejoice before the Lord your God, you and your sons and your daughters and your menservants and your maidservants, and the Levite who is within your gates, for he has no part or inheritance with you. | |
| Deut 12:13 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּֽן־תַּעֲלֶ֖ה עֹלֹתֶ֑יךָ בְּכָל־מָק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ | Be on your guard not to offer your burnt offerings in any arbitrary place you see, | any ← every. |
| Deut 12:14 | כִּ֣י אִם־בַּמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד שְׁבָטֶ֔יךָ שָׁ֖ם תַּעֲלֶ֣ה עֹלֹתֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁ֣ם תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּֽךָּ׃ | but in the place that the Lord chooses in the territory of one of your tribes – there you will offer your burnt offerings, and there you will perform everything that I command you. | |
| Deut 12:15 | רַק֩ בְּכָל־אַוַּ֨ת נַפְשְׁךָ֜ תִּזְבַּ֣ח ׀ וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ בָשָׂ֗ר כְּבִרְכַּ֨ת יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֖ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ הַטָּמֵ֤א וְהַטָּהוֹר֙ יֹאכְלֶ֔נּוּ כַּצְּבִ֖י וְכָאַיָּֽל׃ | However, for everything your soul desires, you may sacrifice and eat meat as a blessing of the Lord your God which he has given you within any of your gates. The unclean and the clean may eat it, if it is such as the gazelle and the roebuck. | any ← all. |
| Deut 12:16 | רַ֥ק הַדָּ֖ם לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖נּוּ כַּמָּֽיִם׃ | But you shall not consume the blood. You will pour it out on the ground like water. | ground ← land. |
| Deut 12:17 | לֹֽא־תוּכַ֞ל לֶאֱכֹ֣ל בִּשְׁעָרֶ֗יךָ מַעְשַׂ֤ר דְּגָֽנְךָ֙ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֔ךָ וּבְכֹרֹ֥ת בְּקָרְךָ֖ וְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ וְכָל־נְדָרֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּדֹּ֔ר וְנִדְבֹתֶ֖יךָ וּתְרוּמַ֥ת יָדֶֽךָ׃ | You shall not be able to eat within your gates the tithe of your corn or your new wine or your new oil or the firstlings of your oxen or your sheep, or any of your vows which you have made, or your freewill-offerings or the heave-offering of your hand. |
any ← all.
vows which you have made ← vows which you have vowed. |
| Deut 12:18 | כִּ֡י אִם־לִפְנֵי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ תֹּאכְלֶ֗נּוּ בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִבְחַ֜ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ בּוֹ֒ אַתָּ֨ה וּבִנְךָ֤ וּבִתֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וַאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְהַלֵּוִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֗ לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל מִשְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶֽךָ׃ | But you will eat it before the Lord your God in the place which the Lord your God chooses – you and your son and your daughter and your manservant and your maidservant and the Levite who is within your gates – and you will rejoice before the Lord your God in everything you turn your hand to. | |
| Deut 12:19 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּֽן־תַּעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־הַלֵּוִ֑י כָּל־יָמֶ֖יךָ עַל־אַדְמָתֶֽךָ׃ ס | Be on your guard not to forsake the Levite all your days on your land. | land ← ground. |
| Deut 12:20 | כִּֽי־יַרְחִיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֥יךָ אֶֽת־גְּבֽוּלְךָ֮ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־לָךְ֒ וְאָמַרְתָּ֙ אֹכְלָ֣ה בָשָׂ֔ר כִּֽי־תְאַוֶּ֥ה נַפְשְׁךָ֖ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל בָּשָׂ֑ר בְּכָל־אַוַּ֥ת נַפְשְׁךָ֖ תֹּאכַ֥ל בָּשָֽׂר׃ | When the Lord your God widens your territory, as he has said to you, and you say, ‘I will eat meat’ – for your being longs to eat meat – then every time your being so longs, you shall eat meat. |
territory ← border.
being ← soul. every time your being so longs ← at every longing of your soul. |
| Deut 12:21 | כִּֽי־יִרְחַ֨ק מִמְּךָ֜ הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִבְחַ֜ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ לָשׂ֣וּם שְׁמ֣וֹ שָׁם֒ וְזָבַחְתָּ֞ מִבְּקָרְךָ֣ וּמִצֹּֽאנְךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָ וְאָֽכַלְתָּ֙ בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אַוַּ֥ת נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | If the place which the Lord your God has chosen to establish his name is too far for you, then you will sacrifice animals from your oxen and your sheep which the Lord has given you, as I have commanded you, and you will eat within your gates whatever your being desires. | whatever your being desires ← in all the desire of your soul. |
| Deut 12:22 | אַ֗ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵאָכֵ֤ל אֶֽת־הַצְּבִי֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אַיָּ֔ל כֵּ֖ן תֹּאכְלֶ֑נּוּ הַטָּמֵא֙ וְהַטָּה֔וֹר יַחְדָּ֖ו יֹאכְלֶֽנּוּ׃ | But as the gazelle and the roebuck are eaten, so shall you eat them. The unclean and the clean shall eat them alike. |
them (2x) ← it.
alike ← together. Clean and unclean people would keep their distance. |
| Deut 12:23 | רַ֣ק חֲזַ֗ק לְבִלְתִּי֙ אֲכֹ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם כִּ֥י הַדָּ֖ם ה֣וּא הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ וְלֹא־תֹאכַ֥ל הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ עִם־הַבָּשָֽׂר׃ | But be steadfast not to consume the blood, for the blood is the soul, and you shall not consume the soul with the meat. |
be steadfast ← be strong.
soul (2x): or life. |
| Deut 12:24 | לֹ֖א תֹּאכְלֶ֑נּוּ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖נּוּ כַּמָּֽיִם׃ | You shall not consume it; you must pour it out on the ground like water. | ground ← land, earth. |
| Deut 12:25 | לֹ֖א תֹּאכְלֶ֑נּוּ לְמַ֨עַן יִיטַ֤ב לְךָ֙ וּלְבָנֶ֣יךָ אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | You shall not consume it, so that things go well for you and your sons after you, for you will do what is upright in the eyes of the Lord. | |
| Deut 12:26 | רַ֧ק קָֽדָשֶׁ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁר־יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֖ וּנְדָרֶ֑יךָ תִּשָּׂ֣א וּבָ֔אתָ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | But as for your holy things which you have, and your vows, you shall take them and come to the place which the Lord has chosen. | |
| Deut 12:27 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ עֹלֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַבָּשָׂ֣ר וְהַדָּ֔ם עַל־מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְדַם־זְבָחֶ֗יךָ יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ עַל־מִזְבַּח֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהַבָּשָׂ֖ר תֹּאכֵֽל׃ | And you shall perform your burnt offerings – the flesh and the blood – on the altar of the Lord your God. And the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out on the altar of the Lord your God, whereas you may eat the meat. | |
| Deut 12:28 | שְׁמֹ֣ר וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֑ךָּ לְמַעַן֩ יִיטַ֨ב לְךָ֜ וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם כִּ֤י תַעֲשֶׂה֙ הַטּ֣וֹב וְהַיָּשָׁ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ ס | Ensure you obey all these things which I am commanding you, so that it goes well with you and with your sons after you, age-abidingly – that you do what is good and upright in the eyes of the Lord your God. | ensure ← guard. |
| Deut 12:29 | כִּֽי־יַכְרִית֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֛מָּה לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אוֹתָ֖ם מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֣ אֹתָ֔ם וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֖ בְּאַרְצָֽם׃ | For the Lord your God will cut off the nations to which you are going, to dispossess them at your advance, and you will dispossess them, and you will dwell in their land. | at your advance ← from before you. |
| Deut 12:30 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֗ פֶּן־תִּנָּקֵשׁ֙ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י הִשָּׁמְדָ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ וּפֶן־תִּדְרֹ֨שׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֨ר אֵיכָ֨ה יַעַבְד֜וּ הַגּוֹיִ֤ם הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶעֱשֶׂה־כֵּ֖ן גַּם־אָֽנִי׃ | Be on your guard not to be ensnared into following them, after they have been destroyed in front of you, and not to seek their gods, saying, ‘How these nations served their gods! So I too will do likewise.’ | |
| Deut 12:31 | לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה כֵ֔ן לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ כָּל־תּוֹעֲבַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֗א עָשׂוּ֙ לֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י גַ֤ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם יִשְׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵ֖שׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | You shall not do likewise to the Lord your God, for they did for their gods everything that is an abomination to the Lord, things which he hates, for they even burnt their sons and their daughters with fire for their gods. | abomination to ← abomination of. |
| Deut 13:1 Deut 12:32AV |
אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁמְר֖וּ לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת לֹא־תֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א תִגְרַ֖ע מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ פ | As regards the whole injunction which I am commanding you, you will ensure you carry it out. You shall not add to it, and you shall not take anything from it. |
Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19.
injunction ← word, matter. ensure ← guard. |
| Deut 13:2 Deut 13:1AV |
כִּֽי־יָק֤וּם בְּקִרְבְּךָ֙ נָבִ֔יא א֖וֹ חֹלֵ֣ם חֲל֑וֹם וְנָתַ֥ן אֵלֶ֛יךָ א֖וֹת א֥וֹ מוֹפֵֽת׃ | If a prophet arises in your midst, or one who has a dream, and he gives you a sign or a wonder, |
Mark 13:22.
has a dream ← dreams a dream. |
| Deut 13:3 Deut 13:2AV |
וּבָ֤א הָאוֹת֙ וְהַמּוֹפֵ֔ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ לֵאמֹ֑ר נֵֽלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים אֲחֵרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתָּ֖ם וְנָֽעָבְדֵֽם׃ | and the sign or the wonder takes place, which he told you, when he said, ‘Let us follow other gods which you have not known, and serve them’, |
serve ← be made to serve (hophal), but it could be re-pointed to just serve (וְנַעַבְדֵם).
takes place ← comes (to pass). |
| Deut 13:4 Deut 13:3AV |
לֹ֣א תִשְׁמַ֗ע אֶל־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֔וּא א֛וֹ אֶל־חוֹלֵ֥ם הַחֲל֖וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י מְנַסֶּ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם לָדַ֗עַת הֲיִשְׁכֶ֤ם אֹֽהֲבִים֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ | then you will not hearken to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of the dream, for the Lord your God is testing you, so as to know whether you love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul. | |
| Deut 13:5 Deut 13:4AV |
אַחֲרֵ֨י יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם תֵּלֵ֖כוּ וְאֹת֣וֹ תִירָ֑אוּ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֤יו תִּשְׁמֹ֙רוּ֙ וּבְקֹל֣וֹ תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ וְאֹת֥וֹ תַעֲבֹ֖דוּ וּב֥וֹ תִדְבָּקֽוּן׃ | You will follow the Lord your God, and you will fear him, and you will keep his commandments, and you will obey him and serve him and cleave to him. | obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Deut 13:6 Deut 13:5AV |
וְהַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֡וּא א֣וֹ חֹלֵם֩ הַחֲל֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יוּמָ֗ת כִּ֣י דִבֶּר־סָ֠רָה עַל־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֜ם הַמּוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֣ם ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם וְהַפֹּֽדְךָ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑הּ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | And that prophet or that dreamer of the dream will be put to death, for he has propounded apostasy against the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from a house of slavery, by driving you from the way which the Lord your God commanded you to go on. So you will eradicate the evil out of your midst. |
propounded ← spoken.
slavery ← slaves, or servants. by driving: gerundial use of the infinitive. eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 13:7 Deut 13:6AV |
כִּ֣י יְסִֽיתְךָ֡ אָחִ֣יךָ בֶן־אִ֠מֶּךָ אֽוֹ־בִנְךָ֨ אֽוֹ־בִתְּךָ֜ א֣וֹ ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת חֵיקֶ֗ךָ א֧וֹ רֵֽעֲךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כְּנַפְשְׁךָ֖ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר נֵֽלְכָ֗ה וְנַֽעַבְדָה֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | If your brother – your mother's son – or your son or your daughter, or the wife of your bosom, or a neighbour who is like yourself, secretly entices you, saying, ‘Let us go and serve other gods’, which you have not known, neither you nor your fathers, | yourself ← your soul. |
| Deut 13:8 Deut 13:7AV |
מֵאֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעַמִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם הַקְּרֹבִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ א֖וֹ הָרְחֹקִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑ךָּ מִקְצֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | – any of the gods of the nations which are around you, near to you or far from you, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth – | |
| Deut 13:9 Deut 13:8AV |
לֹא־תֹאבֶ֣ה ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑יו וְלֹא־תָח֤וֹס עֵֽינְךָ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֥ל וְלֹֽא־תְכַסֶּ֖ה עָלָֽיו׃ | you shall not hold him dear, and you shall not hearken to him, and your eye will not pity him, and you shall not have compassion on him, and you shall not cover him, | cover: i.e. keep the matter secret, provide him with a cover. |
| Deut 13:10 Deut 13:9AV |
כִּ֤י הָרֹג֙ תַּֽהַרְגֶ֔נּוּ יָֽדְךָ֛ תִּֽהְיֶה־בּ֥וֹ בָרִֽאשׁוֹנָ֖ה לַהֲמִית֑וֹ וְיַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ | but you will without fail kill him; your hand will be the first to be on him, to put him to death, and the hand of all the people will follow afterwards. | without fail kill: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 13:11 Deut 13:10AV |
וּסְקַלְתּ֥וֹ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וָמֵ֑ת כִּ֣י בִקֵּ֗שׁ לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ מֵעַל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | And you will stone him so that he dies, for he tried to drive you from being with the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt – out of a house of slaves. |
stone him ← pelt him with stones. Not the same word as in Lev 20:2.
so that: purposive use of the vav. tried ← sought. |
| Deut 13:12 Deut 13:11AV |
וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְיִֽרָא֑וּן וְלֹֽא־יוֹסִ֣פוּ לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ ס | And all Israel will hear and fear, and they will not do such a wicked thing as this again in its midst. | fear: the consonantal spelling admits see (it). |
| Deut 13:13 Deut 13:12AV |
כִּֽי־תִשְׁמַ֞ע בְּאַחַ֣ת עָרֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֛ לָשֶׁ֥בֶת שָׁ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | If you hear it said in one of your cities which the Lord your God is giving you, to dwell there, | |
| Deut 13:14 Deut 13:13AV |
יָצְא֞וּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֙עַל֙ מִקִּרְבֶּ֔ךָ וַיַּדִּ֛יחוּ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י עִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר נֵלְכָ֗ה וְנַעַבְדָ֛ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃ | ‘Some worthless men have come out from your midst and have subverted the inhabitants of their city, saying, «Let us go and serve other gods which you have not known» ’, |
worthless ← useless / good-for-nothing sons.
which you have not known: included in the direct speech by analogy with Deut 13:3 (Deut 13:2AV). |
| Deut 13:15 Deut 13:14AV |
וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֧ וְחָקַרְתָּ֧ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֖ הֵיטֵ֑ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֱמֶת֙ נָכ֣וֹן הַדָּבָ֔ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֛ה הַתּוֹעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | then you will seek and search and inquire diligently, and if it is true – if the matter is established – that this abomination has been committed in your midst, |
if it is true ← behold (it is) truth.
if the matter is established: or (then) the matter (is) established. |
| Deut 13:16 Deut 13:15AV |
הַכֵּ֣ה תַכֶּ֗ה אֶת־יֹֽשְׁבֵ֛י הָעִ֥יר *ההוא **הַהִ֖יא לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב הַחֲרֵ֨ם אֹתָ֧הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֛הּ וְאֶת־בְּהֶמְתָּ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | you will without fail strike the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword. Obliterate it and everyone in it, and its cattle, with the edge of the sword. |
that: the ketiv is an explicit form of what is a qeré perpetuum anyway in the Pentateuch. The ketiv is the masculine form; the qeré feminine (agreeing with city).
without fail strike: infinitive absolute. everyone: or everything. |
| Deut 13:17 Deut 13:16AV |
וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׁלָלָ֗הּ תִּקְבֹּץ֮ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ רְחֹבָהּ֒ וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֨ בָאֵ֜שׁ אֶת־הָעִ֤יר וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׁלָלָהּ֙ כָּלִ֔יל לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְהָיְתָה֙ תֵּ֣ל עוֹלָ֔ם לֹ֥א תִבָּנֶ֖ה עֽוֹד׃ | And you will gather all its spoil onto the middle of its street and burn the city and all its spoil with fire completely, to the Lord your God, and it will be an age-abiding mound of ruins; it will not be built again. | |
| Deut 13:18 Deut 13:17AV |
וְלֹֽא־יִדְבַּ֧ק בְּיָדְךָ֛ מְא֖וּמָה מִן־הַחֵ֑רֶם לְמַעַן֩ יָשׁ֨וּב יְהוָ֜ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ וְנָֽתַן־לְךָ֤ רַחֲמִים֙ וְרִֽחַמְךָ֣ וְהִרְבֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And nothing of the condemned place shall cleave to your hand, so that the Lord returns from the fury of his anger and shows you mercy, and he is merciful to you, and he multiplies you, as he swore to your fathers. | |
| Deut 13:19 Deut 13:18AV |
כִּ֣י תִשְׁמַ֗ע בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹר֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַיָּשָׁ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ ס | For you shall obey the Lord your God, by keeping all his commandments which I am commanding you today, by doing what is upright in the eyes of the Lord your God. |
obey ← hear the voice.
by keeping ... by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 14:1 | בָּנִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם לֹ֣א תִתְגֹּֽדְד֗וּ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֧ימוּ קָרְחָ֛ה בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵיכֶ֖ם לָמֵֽת׃ | You are sons of the Lord your God. You shall not make incisions on yourselves, and you shall not make a bald patch between your eyes for the dead. | |
| Deut 14:2 | כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וּבְךָ֞ בָּחַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לִֽהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ ס | For you are a holy people to the Lord your God, and the Lord has chosen you to be a people who are a special acquisition for himself from all the nations which are on the face of the earth. | |
| Deut 14:3 | לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֵבָֽה׃ | You shall not eat any abominable thing. | any ← every. |
| Deut 14:4 | זֹ֥את הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכֵ֑לוּ שׁ֕וֹר שֵׂ֥ה כְשָׂבִ֖ים וְשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּֽים׃ | These are the cattle which you may eat: the ox, the herded lamb, the herded goat, | |
| Deut 14:5 | אַיָּ֥ל וּצְבִ֖י וְיַחְמ֑וּר וְאַקּ֥וֹ וְדִישֹׁ֖ן וּתְא֥וֹ וָזָֽמֶר׃ | the roebuck, the gazelle, the fallow deer, the wild goat, the antelope, the oryx, the dorcas gazelle, |
fallow deer: scientific name dama.
dorcas gazelle: or, with [ST] but questioned, the giraffe. |
| Deut 14:6 | וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֞ה מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י פְרָס֔וֹת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | and all cattle that divides the hoof and is cloven-footed with two hoof divisions and which chews the cud amongst the cattle. Such you may eat. | Such ← it. |
| Deut 14:7 | אַ֣ךְ אֶת־זֶ֞ה לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמַּֽעֲלֵ֣י הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֥י הַפַּרְסָ֖ה הַשְּׁסוּעָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֨בֶת וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֜ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֧ה גֵרָ֣ה הֵ֗מָּה וּפַרְסָה֙ לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֔יסוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ | But you shall not eat the following of those that chew the cud or of those that divide the cloven hoof: the camel and the hare and the rock hyrax, for they chew the cud, but they do not divide the hoof; they are unclean to you. |
the following ← this.
rock hyrax: see Lev 11:5. |
| Deut 14:8 | וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֥ה הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א גֵרָ֔ה טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִגָּֽעוּ׃ ס | And the pig, for it divides the hoof, but it does not chew the cud; it is unclean to you. You shall not eat their flesh, and you shall not touch their carcase. | |
| Deut 14:9 | אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | You may eat the following of everything in water: everything that has a fin and scales you may eat. | the following ← this. |
| Deut 14:10 | וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ ס | But everything that does not have a fin and scales you shall not eat. It is unclean to you. | and: conjunctive use of the vav. The creature must have both a fin and scales. |
| Deut 14:11 | כָּל־צִפּ֥וֹר טְהֹרָ֖ה תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | You may eat every clean bird, | |
| Deut 14:12 | וְזֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־תֹאכְל֖וּ מֵהֶ֑ם הַנֶּ֥שֶׁר וְהַפֶּ֖רֶס וְהָֽעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ | but the following birds are those you shall not eat: the eagle, the ossifrage, the osprey, |
but the following ← this.
birds ← of them, i.e. species of birds. |
| Deut 14:13 | וְהָרָאָה֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אַיָּ֔ה וְהַדַּיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ׃ | the vulture and the kite and the scavenger vulture, according to its kind, | scavenger vulture: also known as the Egyptian vulture. |
| Deut 14:14 | וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ׃ | and every raven, according to its kind, | |
| Deut 14:15 | וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ | and the ostrich, and the nightjar, and the sea-gull, and the hawk, according to its kind, | |
| Deut 14:16 | אֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשׁ֖וּף וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ | the little owl and the great owl and the common owl, | |
| Deut 14:17 | וְהַקָּאָ֥ת וְאֶֽת־הָרָחָ֖מָה וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָֽךְ׃ | the pelican, the black vulture and the cormorant, | black vulture: i.e. cinereous vulture. |
| Deut 14:18 | וְהַ֣חֲסִידָ֔ה וְהָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְהַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְהָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃ | and the stork, and the heron, after its kind, and the hoopoe and the bat, | |
| Deut 14:19 | וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶ֑ם לֹ֖א יֵאָכֵֽלוּ׃ | and all swarming insects that fly – they are unclean to you; they shall not be eaten. | |
| Deut 14:20 | כָּל־ע֥וֹף טָה֖וֹר תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ | You may eat any clean bird. | any ← every. |
| Deut 14:21 | לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֣וּ כָל־נְ֠בֵלָה לַגֵּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֜יךָ תִּתְּנֶ֣נָּה וַאֲכָלָ֗הּ א֤וֹ מָכֹר֙ לְנָכְרִ֔י כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | You shall not eat any carcase. You may give it to the foreigner who is in your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to the foreigner, for you are a holy people to the Lord your God. You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk. |
any ← every.
you may sell: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Deut 14:22 | עַשֵּׂ֣ר תְּעַשֵּׂ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־תְּבוּאַ֣ת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ הַיֹּצֵ֥א הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֥ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | You will make a point of tithing all the produce of your seed which comes up in the field year by year. |
make a point of tithing: infinitive absolute.
comes up ← comes out. Qal. AV differs (bringeth forth), as hiphil, also possible. The qal reading ↴ |
| Deut 14:23 | וְאָכַלְתָּ֞ לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בַּמָּק֣וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר֮ לְשַׁכֵּ֣ן שְׁמ֣וֹ שָׁם֒ מַעְשַׂ֤ר דְּגָֽנְךָ֙ תִּֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֔ךָ וּבְכֹרֹ֥ת בְּקָרְךָ֖ וְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ לְמַ֣עַן תִּלְמַ֗ד לְיִרְאָ֛ה אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And you will eat before the Lord your God, in the place where he chooses to seat his name, the tithe of your corn, your new wine, and your new oil, and the firstlings of your oxen and your sheep, in order that you learn to fear the Lord your God at all times. |
↳ has discordant gender, and the hiphil reading has the article irregularly attached to a finite verb, so neither reading is decisive.
seat ← cause to dwell. at all times ← all the days. |
| Deut 14:24 | וְכִֽי־יִרְבֶּ֨ה מִמְּךָ֜ הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ כִּ֣י לֹ֣א תוּכַ֘ל שְׂאֵתוֹ֒ כִּֽי־יִרְחַ֤ק מִמְּךָ֙ הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לָשׂ֥וּם שְׁמ֖וֹ שָׁ֑ם כִּ֥י יְבָרֶכְךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | Now if the way is too much for you, because you are not able to carry it, if the place where the Lord your God has chosen to place his name is too far away for you (for the Lord your God blesses you), | carry it: i.e. transport the tithe. |
| Deut 14:25 | וְנָתַתָּ֖ה בַּכָּ֑סֶף וְצַרְתָּ֤ הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בּֽוֹ׃ | then you will exchange it for money, and you will bind the money to your hand, and you will go to the place which the Lord your God has chosen. | exchange ← give; put. |
| Deut 14:26 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה הַכֶּ֡סֶף בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּ֨ה נַפְשְׁךָ֜ בַּבָּקָ֣ר וּבַצֹּ֗אן וּבַיַּ֙יִן֙ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֔ר וּבְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּֽשְׁאָלְךָ֖ נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְאָכַ֣לְתָּ שָּׁ֗ם לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֖ אַתָּ֥ה וּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | And you will exchange the money for anything that your being desires – for oxen and sheep and wine and strong drink, and everything your being asks for – and you will eat it there before the Lord your God, and you and your house will rejoice. |
anything ← everything.
being (2x) ← soul. |
| Deut 14:27 | וְהַלֵּוִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תַֽעַזְבֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין ל֛וֹ חֵ֥לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ ס | And as for the Levite who is within your gates, you will not desert him, for he has no share or inheritance with you. | |
| Deut 14:28 | מִקְצֵ֣ה ׀ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים תּוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂר֙ תְּבוּאָ֣תְךָ֔ בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑וא וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | At the end of three years you will bring out the whole tithe of your produce in that year and deposit it at your gates. | |
| Deut 14:29 | וּבָ֣א הַלֵּוִ֡י כִּ֣י אֵֽין־לוֹ֩ חֵ֨לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֜ה עִמָּ֗ךְ וְ֠הַגֵּר וְהַיָּת֤וֹם וְהָֽאַלְמָנָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ וְאָכְל֖וּ וְשָׂבֵ֑עוּ לְמַ֤עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ ס | And the Levite will come, because he has no share or inheritance with you, and the foreigner, and the orphan, and the widow, who are within your gates, and they will eat and be satisfied, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands that you undertake. | hands ← hand. |
| Deut 15:1 | מִקֵּ֥ץ שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה שְׁמִטָּֽה׃ | At the end of seven years you will hold a remission. | |
| Deut 15:2 | וְזֶה֮ דְּבַ֣ר הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ שָׁמ֗וֹט כָּל־בַּ֙עַל֙ מַשֵּׁ֣ה יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַשֶּׁ֖ה בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ לֹֽא־יִגֹּ֤שׂ אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ וְאֶת־אָחִ֔יו כִּֽי־קָרָ֥א שְׁמִטָּ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And this is the nature of the remission. Every creditor who has lent to his neighbour will cancel the debt. He shall not exact payment from his neighbour or his brother, because the Lord's remission has been called. |
nature ← matter, thing, word.
cancel the debt ← release his hand, with an infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. has been called ← (one) has called. Avoidance the passive. |
| Deut 15:3 | אֶת־הַנָּכְרִ֖י תִּגֹּ֑שׂ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ תַּשְׁמֵ֥ט יָדֶֽךָ׃ | You may exact payment from a foreigner, but you shall cancel the debt of whatever your brother has of yours, | you shall cancel the debt ← you shall release your hand, or your hand shall release. |
| Deut 15:4 | אֶ֕פֶס כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־בְּךָ֖ אֶבְי֑וֹן כִּֽי־בָרֵ֤ךְ יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹֽתֵן־לְךָ֥ נַחֲלָ֖ה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | to the end that there will be no poor among you, for the Lord will certainly bless you in the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance to take possession of, |
to the end that: AV differs (save when). The noun means end.
certainly bless: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 15:5 | רַ֚ק אִם־שָׁמ֣וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַ֔ע בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | but only if you diligently obey the Lord your God by ensuring to do this whole body of commandments with which I am commanding you today. |
diligently obey ← hear the voice, with an infinitive absolute.
by ensuring: gerundial use of the infinitive. body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 15:6 | כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בֵּֽרַכְךָ֔ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לָ֑ךְ וְהַֽעֲבַטְתָּ֞ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֗ים וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֔ט וּמָֽשַׁלְתָּ֙ בְּגוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים וּבְךָ֖ לֹ֥א יִמְשֹֽׁלוּ׃ ס | For the Lord your God has blessed you, as he has spoken to you, and you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow, so you shall rule many nations, but they shall not rule you. | |
| Deut 15:7 | כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה֩ בְךָ֨ אֶבְי֜וֹן מֵאַחַ֤ד אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ בְּאַ֨רְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ לֹ֧א תְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֗ וְלֹ֤א תִקְפֹּץ֙ אֶת־יָ֣דְךָ֔ מֵאָחִ֖יךָ הָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ | If any one of your brothers is poor in any one of your gates in your land which the Lord your God is giving you, you will not harden your heart, and you will not shut your hand to your poor brother. | to your poor brother ← from your poor brother. |
| Deut 15:8 | כִּֽי־פָתֹ֧חַ תִּפְתַּ֛ח אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ ל֑וֹ וְהַעֲבֵט֙ תַּעֲבִיטֶ֔נּוּ דֵּ֚י מַחְסֹר֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֶחְסַ֖ר לֽוֹ׃ | Rather, you will definitely open your hand to him, and you will definitely lend him sufficient for his need which he suffers. |
definitely open ... definitely lend: both infinitive absolute.
his need which he suffers ← his lack which lacks to him. |
| Deut 15:9 | הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֵֽינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן ל֑וֹ וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ | Be on your guard that there should be no thought in a base-minded heart of yours whereby you say, ‘The seventh year has come near, the year of the remission’ and your eye is ill-disposed towards your poor brother, and you do not give him anything, and he calls out to the Lord against you, and a sin will be counted against you. |
thought ← word, thing.
base-minded ← useless. |
| Deut 15:10 | נָת֤וֹן תִּתֵּן֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹא־יֵרַ֥ע לְבָבְךָ֖ בְּתִתְּךָ֣ ל֑וֹ כִּ֞י בִּגְלַ֣ל ׀ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָֽל־מַעֲשֶׂ֔ךָ וּבְכֹ֖ל מִשְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶֽךָ׃ | You will definitely give him what he needs; your heart will not be in bad grace when you give it to him, for it is on account of this matter that the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all your undertaking. |
definitely give: infinitive absolute.
your undertaking ← the sending out of your hand. |
| Deut 15:11 | כִּ֛י לֹא־יֶחְדַּ֥ל אֶבְי֖וֹן מִקֶּ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּ֠תֹחַ תִּפְתַּ֨ח אֶת־יָדְךָ֜ לְאָחִ֧יךָ לַעֲנִיֶּ֛ךָ וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּאַרְצֶֽךָ׃ ס | For there will never be a lack of poor in the midst of the land, which is why I am commanding you, saying, ‘You shall definitely open your hand to your brother, to your poor and to your needy in your land.’ |
never ← not.
definitely open: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 15:12 | כִּֽי־יִמָּכֵ֨ר לְךָ֜ אָחִ֣יךָ הָֽעִבְרִ֗י א֚וֹ הָֽעִבְרִיָּ֔ה וַעֲבָֽדְךָ֖ שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וּבַשָּׁנָה֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת תְּשַׁלְּחֶ֥נּוּ חָפְשִׁ֖י מֵעִמָּֽךְ׃ | If a Hebrew brother of yours, or a Hebrew woman is sold to you, and he serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you will let him go free from you, | |
| Deut 15:13 | וְכִֽי־תְשַׁלְּחֶ֥נּוּ חָפְשִׁ֖י מֵֽעִמָּ֑ךְ לֹ֥א תְשַׁלְּחֶ֖נּוּ רֵיקָֽם׃ | and when you let him go free from you, you shall not release him empty-handed. | |
| Deut 15:14 | הַעֲנֵ֤יק תַּעֲנִיק֙ ל֔וֹ מִצֹּ֣אנְךָ֔ וּמִֽגָּרְנְךָ֖ וּמִיִּקְבֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר בֵּרַכְךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ תִּתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃ | You will make a point of generously bestowing on him some of your flock and your threshing floor produce, and your wine vat produce. You will give him from what the Lord your God has blessed you with. | make a point of generously bestowing: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 15:15 | וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ כִּ֣י עֶ֤בֶד הָיִ֙יתָ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And you will remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, but the Lord your God redeemed you, which is why I am commanding you this thing today. | |
| Deut 15:16 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יֹאמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י אֲהֵֽבְךָ֙ וְאֶת־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ כִּי־ט֥וֹב ל֖וֹ עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And it shall come to pass, if he says to you, ‘I shall not go away from you’ because he loves you and your house, because it was fine for him with you, | |
| Deut 15:17 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַמַּרְצֵ֗עַ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה בְאָזְנוֹ֙ וּבַדֶּ֔לֶת וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ עֶ֣בֶד עוֹלָ֑ם וְאַ֥ף לַאֲמָתְךָ֖ תַּעֲשֶׂה־כֵּֽן׃ | then you will take an awl, and apply it to his ear and to the door, and he will be your permanent servant. And you will also do likewise in respect of your maidservant. |
an awl ← the awl. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
permanent ← of the age. |
| Deut 15:18 | לֹא־יִקְשֶׁ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֗ךָ בְּשַׁלֵּֽחֲךָ֙ אֹת֤וֹ חָפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ כִּ֗י מִשְׁנֶה֙ שְׂכַ֣ר שָׂכִ֔יר עֲבָֽדְךָ֖ שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וּבֵֽרַכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ פ | It will not be hard in your sight when you let him go free from you, for it is replacement wages of a hired servant – he has served six years – and the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do. |
replacement ← second, duplicate.
it is replacement wages of a hired servant: AV differs (for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee). |
| Deut 15:19 | כָּֽל־הַבְּכ֡וֹר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִוָּלֵ֨ד בִּבְקָרְךָ֤ וּבְצֹֽאנְךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר תַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹ֤א תַעֲבֹד֙ בִּבְכֹ֣ר שׁוֹרֶ֔ךָ וְלֹ֥א תָגֹ֖ז בְּכ֥וֹר צֹאנֶֽךָ׃ | You shall sanctify to the Lord your God every male firstling that is given birth to among your cattle and your sheep. You shall not work with the firstborn of your oxen, and you shall not shear the firstborn of your sheep. | |
| Deut 15:20 | לִפְנֵי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֤יךָ תֹאכֲלֶ֙נּוּ֙ שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אַתָּ֖ה וּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | You will eat it before the Lord your God year by year in the place which the Lord chooses – you and your household. | |
| Deut 15:21 | וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה ב֜וֹ מ֗וּם פִּסֵּ֙חַ֙ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֔ר כֹּ֖ל מ֣וּם רָ֑ע לֹ֣א תִזְבָּחֶ֔נּוּ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | If it has any blemish – being lame or blind – any bad feature, you shall not sacrifice it to the Lord your God. |
any ← every.
bad feature ← bad blemish. |
| Deut 15:22 | בִּשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ תֹּאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ הַטָּמֵ֤א וְהַטָּהוֹר֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כַּצְּבִ֖י וְכָאַיָּֽל׃ | You – the unclean and the clean person alike – shall eat it within your gates, as with the gazelle or roebuck. | |
| Deut 15:23 | רַ֥ק אֶת־דָּמ֖וֹ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑ל עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖נּוּ כַּמָּֽיִם׃ פ | But you shall not consume its blood; you shall pour it on the ground like water. | |
| Deut 16:1 | שָׁמוֹר֙ אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָאָבִ֔יב וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פֶּ֔סַח לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֞י בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֗יב הוֹצִ֨יאֲךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לָֽיְלָה׃ | Keep the month of Abib, and celebrate the Lord your God's Passover, for in the month of Abib the Lord your God brought you out of Egypt by night. |
keep: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
celebrate ← do. |
| Deut 16:2 | וְזָבַ֥חְתָּ פֶּ֛סַח לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֑ר בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ | And you shall sacrifice the Passover to the Lord your God, sheep and oxen, in the place where the Lord chooses to seat his name. | |
| Deut 16:3 | לֹא־תֹאכַ֤ל עָלָיו֙ חָמֵ֔ץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים תֹּֽאכַל־עָלָ֥יו מַצּ֖וֹת לֶ֣חֶם עֹ֑נִי כִּ֣י בְחִפָּז֗וֹן יָצָ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכֹּר֔ אֶת־י֤וֹם צֵֽאתְךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ | And you shall not eat anything leavened with it. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread with it, bread of affliction, for you went out of the land of Egypt in haste, so that you remember the day of your exodus from the land of Egypt all the days of your life. | |
| Deut 16:4 | וְלֹֽא־יֵרָאֶ֨ה לְךָ֥ שְׂאֹ֛ר בְּכָל־גְּבֻלְךָ֖ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְלֹא־יָלִ֣ין מִן־הַבָּשָׂ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּזְבַּ֥ח בָּעֶ֛רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And no leaven will be seen by you in all your territory for seven days, and none of the flesh which you sacrifice in the evening on the first day will remain until morning. |
territory ← border.
remain: or lodge, pass the night. |
| Deut 16:5 | לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לִזְבֹּ֣חַ אֶת־הַפָּ֑סַח בְּאַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ | You shall not sacrifice the Passover in any arbitrary one of your gates which the Lord your God is giving you, | shall not ← can not. |
| Deut 16:6 | כִּ֠י אִֽם־אֶל־הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לְשַׁכֵּ֣ן שְׁמ֔וֹ שָׁ֛ם תִּזְבַּ֥ח אֶת־הַפֶּ֖סַח בָּעָ֑רֶב כְּב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ מוֹעֵ֖ד צֵֽאתְךָ֥ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | but in the place where the Lord your God chooses to seat his name. That is where you will sacrifice the Passover in the evening at sunset, in the season of your exodus from Egypt. | in the place ← to the place. |
| Deut 16:7 | וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ֙ וְאָ֣כַלְתָּ֔ בַּמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בּ֑וֹ וּפָנִ֣יתָ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ לְאֹהָלֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will boil it and eat it in the place which the Lord your God chooses, and in the morning you will wend your way and go to your tents. | |
| Deut 16:8 | שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים תֹּאכַ֣ל מַצּ֑וֹת וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י עֲצֶ֙רֶת֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה מְלָאכָֽה׃ ס | For six days you will eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there will be a solemn assembly to the Lord your God. You will not carry out any work. | |
| Deut 16:9 | שִׁבְעָ֥ה שָׁבֻעֹ֖ת תִּסְפָּר־לָ֑ךְ מֵהָחֵ֤ל חֶרְמֵשׁ֙ בַּקָּמָ֔ה תָּחֵ֣ל לִסְפֹּ֔ר שִׁבְעָ֖ה שָׁבֻעֽוֹת׃ | You will count out seven weeks. From the start of the sickle going in the corn, you will start counting seven weeks. | count out ← count for yourself. |
| Deut 16:10 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ חַ֤ג שָׁבֻעוֹת֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מִסַּ֛ת נִדְבַ֥ת יָדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתֵּ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יְבָרֶכְךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will celebrate the Festival of Weeks to the Lord your God, with a quantity of freewill-offering from your resources which you may give, according as the Lord your God blesses you. |
quantity: AV differs (tribute), as [AnLx]; [BDB]= sufficiency, the two meanings differing in derivation (roots כסס and מסת respectively).
resources ← hand. |
| Deut 16:11 | וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֞ לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אַתָּ֨ה וּבִנְךָ֣ וּבִתֶּךָ֮ וְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וַאֲמָתֶךָ֒ וְהַלֵּוִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ וְהַגֵּ֛ר וְהַיָּת֥וֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבֶּ֑ךָ בַּמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ | And you will rejoice before the Lord your God, you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite who is within your gates, and the foreigner, and the orphan, and the widow, who are in your midst, in the place where the Lord your God chooses to seat his name. | |
| Deut 16:12 | וְזָ֣כַרְתָּ֔ כִּי־עֶ֥בֶד הָיִ֖יתָ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ וְעָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַֽחֻקִּ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ פ | And you will remember that you were a slave in Egypt, so you will keep and perform these statutes. | |
| Deut 16:13 | חַ֧ג הַסֻּכֹּ֛ת תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בְּאָ֨סְפְּךָ֔ מִֽגָּרְנְךָ֖ וּמִיִּקְבֶֽךָ׃ | You will celebrate your Festival of Tabernacles for seven days when you gather in from your threshing floor and your wine vat. | celebrate ← do. |
| Deut 16:14 | וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֖ בְּחַגֶּ֑ךָ אַתָּ֨ה וּבִנְךָ֤ וּבִתֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וַאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְהַלֵּוִ֗י וְהַגֵּ֛ר וְהַיָּת֥וֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will rejoice in your festival, you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and the Levite, and the foreigner, and the orphan, and the widow, who are within your gates. | |
| Deut 16:15 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים תָּחֹג֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֣י יְבָרֶכְךָ֞ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בְּכֹ֤ל תְּבוּאָֽתְךָ֙ וּבְכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֔יךָ וְהָיִ֖יתָ אַ֥ךְ שָׂמֵֽחַ׃ | For seven days you will celebrate the festival to the Lord your God, in the place which the Lord chooses, for the Lord your God will bless you in all your produce and in all the work of your hands, and you will be joyful in all respects. | be joyful in all respects ← be (nothing) but joyful. |
| Deut 16:16 | שָׁל֣וֹשׁ פְּעָמִ֣ים ׀ בַּשָּׁנָ֡ה יֵרָאֶ֨ה כָל־זְכוּרְךָ֜ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֔ר בְּחַ֧ג הַמַּצּ֛וֹת וּבְחַ֥ג הַשָּׁבֻע֖וֹת וּבְחַ֣ג הַסֻּכּ֑וֹת וְלֹ֧א יֵרָאֶ֛ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֵיקָֽם׃ | Three times per year all your male population {P: will see the face of} [M: will appear before] the Lord your God in the place which he chooses at the Festival of Unleavened Bread and at the Festival of Weeks and at the Festival of Tabernacles. And they shall not {P: see} [M: appear in] the presence of the Lord empty-handed. | Amendments by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= יִרְאוּ etc. AV differs. |
| Deut 16:17 | אִ֖ישׁ כְּמַתְּנַ֣ת יָד֑וֹ כְּבִרְכַּ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃ ס | Each man will come with a gift according to his resources, according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given you. | a gift according to his resources ← according to the gift of his hand. |
| Deut 16:18 | שֹׁפְטִ֣ים וְשֹֽׁטְרִ֗ים תִּֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ לִשְׁבָטֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק׃ | You will appoint yourselves judges and officials at all your gates, which the Lord your God is giving you by your tribes, and they will judge the people with righteous judgment. | |
| Deut 16:19 | לֹא־תַטֶּ֣ה מִשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹ֥א תַכִּ֖יר פָּנִ֑ים וְלֹא־תִקַּ֣ח שֹׁ֔חַד כִּ֣י הַשֹּׁ֗חַד יְעַוֵּר֙ עֵינֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽם׃ | You shall not pervert judgment, you shall not show partiality, and you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the words of the righteous. | show partiality ← acknowledge faces. |
| Deut 16:20 | צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽחְיֶה֙ וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֣ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ ס | You shall pursue justice and nothing but justice, so that you may live and possess the land which the Lord your God is giving you. | |
| Deut 16:21 | לֹֽא־תִטַּ֥ע לְךָ֛ אֲשֵׁרָ֖ה כָּל־עֵ֑ץ אֵ֗צֶל מִזְבַּ֛ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ ס | You shall not plant phallic parks of any tree for yourself alongside the altar of the Lord your God, which you might make for yourself, | any ← every. |
| Deut 16:22 | וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֥ים לְךָ֖ מַצֵּבָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵ֖א יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ ס | and you shall not set up any idolatrous statue for yourself, which the Lord your God hates. | |
| Deut 17:1 | לֹא־תִזְבַּח֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ שׁ֣וֹר וָשֶׂ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בוֹ֙ מ֔וּם כֹּ֖ל דָּבָ֣ר רָ֑ע כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃ ס | You shall not sacrifice to the Lord your God an ox or a sheep which has a blemish – any bad feature – for that is an abomination to the Lord your God. |
any ← every.
bad feature ← bad matter. abomination to ← abomination of. |
| Deut 17:2 | כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵ֤א בְקִרְבְּךָ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ אִ֣ישׁ אוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֶת־הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּרִיתֽוֹ׃ | If a man or a woman is found in your midst within any of your gates which the Lord your God is giving you, who does what is wrong in the eyes of the Lord your God, by transgressing his covenant, |
any ← one.
by transgressing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 17:3 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לָהֶ֑ם וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ ׀ א֣וֹ לַיָּרֵ֗חַ א֛וֹ לְכָל־צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי׃ | and if he departs and serves other gods and worships them, either the sun or the moon, or any of the array of heaven, which I have not commanded, | any ← all. |
| Deut 17:4 | וְהֻֽגַּד־לְךָ֖ וְשָׁמָ֑עְתָּ וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֣ הֵיטֵ֔ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֱמֶת֙ נָכ֣וֹן הַדָּבָ֔ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֛ה הַתּוֹעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and if a case is reported to you, and you hear it, and you inquire diligently, and if it is true – if the matter is established – that this abomination has been committed in Israel, |
and if it is true ← and behold (it is) truth.
if the matter is established: or (then) the matter (is) established. |
| Deut 17:5 | וְהֽוֹצֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֡וּא אוֹ֩ אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֨ה הַהִ֜וא אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שׂוּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֶל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֶת־הָאִ֕ישׁ א֖וֹ אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וּסְקַלְתָּ֥ם בָּאֲבָנִ֖ים וָמֵֽתוּ׃ | then you will bring out to your gates that man or that woman who did this evil thing – the man or the woman – and you will stone them so that they die. |
stone them ← pelt them with stones. See Deut 13:11 (Deut 13:10AV).
so that: purposive use of the vav. them ... they: Hebrew uses a plural form after two singular nouns connected by or. In 21st century English, the plural pronoun is used for a gender-neutral singular – a useful coincidence here. |
| Deut 17:6 | עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עֵדִ֖ים יוּמַ֣ת הַמֵּ֑ת לֹ֣א יוּמַ֔ת עַל־פִּ֖י עֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ | On the attestation of two witnesses or three witnesses, he who is on a capital charge will be put to death. He shall not be put to death on the attestation of one witness. |
attestation (2x) ← mouth.
is on a capital charge ← dies. |
| Deut 17:7 | יַ֣ד הָעֵדִ֞ים תִּֽהְיֶה־בּ֤וֹ בָרִאשֹׁנָה֙ לַהֲמִית֔וֹ וְיַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֑ה וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ פ | The hand of the witnesses will be on him first, to put him to death, and the hand of all the people afterwards, and you will eradicate the evil out of your midst. | eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 17:8 | כִּ֣י יִפָּלֵא֩ מִמְּךָ֨ דָבָ֜ר לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט בֵּֽין־דָּ֨ם ׀ לְדָ֜ם בֵּֽין־דִּ֣ין לְדִ֗ין וּבֵ֥ין נֶ֙גַע֙ לָנֶ֔גַע דִּבְרֵ֥י רִיבֹ֖ת בִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ וְקַמְתָּ֣ וְעָלִ֔יתָ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בּֽוֹ׃ | If a case is too difficult for you in judgment between blood shed by the parties, between accusations made by the parties, or between violence committed by the parties – the words of the contentions at your gates – then you will arise and go up to the place which the Lord your God chooses. |
blood shed by the parties ← blood for blood.
accusations made by the parties ← accusation for accusation. violence committed by the parties ← blow for blow. |
| Deut 17:9 | וּבָאתָ֗ אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְאֶל־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֙ וְהִגִּ֣ידוּ לְךָ֔ אֵ֖ת דְּבַ֥ר הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And you will go to the Levite priests and to the judge who is in office in those days, and you will inquire, and they will tell you the judicial verdict. | judicial verdict ← matter of judgment. |
| Deut 17:10 | וְעָשִׂ֗יתָ עַל־פִּ֤י הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַגִּ֣ידֽוּ לְךָ֔ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִבְחַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹרֽוּךָ׃ | And you will act according to the verdict which they tell you from that place, which the Lord chooses, and you will ensure that you do everything that they instruct you. |
ensure ← guard.
everything ← according to everything. |
| Deut 17:11 | עַל־פִּ֨י הַתּוֹרָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יוֹר֗וּךָ וְעַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמְר֥וּ לְךָ֖ תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה לֹ֣א תָס֗וּר מִן־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־יַגִּ֥ידֽוּ לְךָ֖ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל׃ | You shall act according to the law about which they instruct you, and according to the judgment which they tell you. You shall not deviate either to the right or to the left from the pronouncement which they tell you. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Deut 17:12 | וְהָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְזָד֗וֹן לְבִלְתִּ֨י שְׁמֹ֤עַ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן֙ הָעֹמֵ֞ד לְשָׁ֤רֶת שָׁם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ א֖וֹ אֶל־הַשֹּׁפֵ֑ט וּמֵת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the man who acts defiantly, by not obeying the priest who stands ready to serve the Lord your God there, or the judge, that man shall die, and you will eradicate the evil from Israel. |
by not obeying: gerundial use of the infinitive.
eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 17:13 | וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְיִרָ֑אוּ וְלֹ֥א יְזִיד֖וּן עֽוֹד׃ ס | And all the people will hear it, and fear, and they will not act defiantly any more. | fear: see Deut 13:12 (Deut 13:11AV). |
| Deut 17:14 | כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣א אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֖הּ וְיָשַׁ֣בְתָּה בָּ֑הּ וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ אָשִׂ֤ימָה עָלַי֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבֹתָֽי׃ | When you come to the land which the Lord your God is giving you, and you take possession of it, and you live in it, and you say, ‘Let me appoint a king over me like all the nations which are around me’, | |
| Deut 17:15 | שׂ֣וֹם תָּשִׂ֤ים עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בּ֑וֹ מִקֶּ֣רֶב אַחֶ֗יךָ תָּשִׂ֤ים עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָתֵ֤ת עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־אָחִ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃ | you will certainly appoint a king over you whom the Lord your God chooses. You will appoint a king over you from the midst of your brothers. You cannot appoint a foreign man, who is not your brother, over you. | certainly appoint: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 17:16 | רַק֮ לֹא־יַרְבֶּה־לּ֣וֹ סוּסִים֒ וְלֹֽא־יָשִׁ֤יב אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה לְמַ֖עַן הַרְבּ֣וֹת ס֑וּס וַֽיהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר לָכֶ֔ם לֹ֣א תֹסִפ֗וּן לָשׁ֛וּב בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ הַזֶּ֖ה עֽוֹד׃ | But he shall not acquire masses of horses, and he shall not make the people return to Egypt in order to increase the number of horses, for the Lord has said to you, ‘You shall not return by that way any more.’ |
for: causal use of the vav.
any more ← again any more, which is pleonastic in English, but acceptable in Hebrew. |
| Deut 17:17 | וְלֹ֤א יַרְבֶּה־לּוֹ֙ נָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָס֖וּר לְבָב֑וֹ וְכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב לֹ֥א יַרְבֶּה־לּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ | And he shall not acquire a large number of wives for himself, so that his heart does not swerve, and he shall not acquire a vast amount of silver and gold for himself. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 17:18 | וְהָיָ֣ה כְשִׁבְתּ֔וֹ עַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלַכְתּ֑וֹ וְכָ֨תַב ל֜וֹ אֶת־מִשְׁנֵ֨ה הַתּוֹרָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ עַל־סֵ֔פֶר מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And it shall come to pass, as he sits on the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write out for himself a copy of this law in a book in the presence of the Levite priests. | in the presence of ← from the presence of. AV differs somewhat (out of that which is before). |
| Deut 17:19 | וְהָיְתָ֣ה עִמּ֔וֹ וְקָ֥רָא ב֖וֹ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑יו לְמַ֣עַן יִלְמַ֗ד לְיִרְאָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו לִ֠שְׁמֹר אֶֽת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֞י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את וְאֶת־הַחֻקִּ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לַעֲשֹׂתָֽם׃ | And it will be with him, and he will read from it all the days of his life, in order to learn to fear the Lord his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, by carrying them out, |
read from ← read in.
by carrying them out: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 17:20 | לְבִלְתִּ֤י רוּם־לְבָבוֹ֙ מֵֽאֶחָ֔יו וּלְבִלְתִּ֛י ס֥וּר מִן־הַמִּצְוָ֖ה יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַעַן֩ יַאֲרִ֨יךְ יָמִ֧ים עַל־מַמְלַכְתּ֛וֹ ה֥וּא וּבָנָ֖יו בְּקֶ֥רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | so that his heart does not become haughtier than that of his brothers, and so that he does not deviate from the body of commandments to the right or to the left, so that he may prolong his days over his kingdom – he and his sons in the midst of Israel. |
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage.
Exemplifying the conciseness of Hebrew, the first 4 words of the verse translate into 13 in English. |
| Deut 18:1 | לֹֽא־יִ֠הְיֶה לַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַלְוִיִּ֜ם כָּל־שֵׁ֧בֶט לֵוִ֛י חֵ֥לֶק וְנַחֲלָ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִשֵּׁ֧י יְהוָ֛ה וְנַחֲלָת֖וֹ יֹאכֵלֽוּן׃ | The Levite priests – the whole tribe of Levi – will have no share or inheritance with Israel. They will eat the Lord's fire-offerings and his inheritance. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Deut 18:2 | וְנַחֲלָ֥ה לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֶחָ֑יו יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לֽוֹ׃ ס | So Levi will have no inheritance in the midst of his brothers. It is the Lord who is his inheritance, in accordance with what he has said to him. | Levi: standing for the tribe of Levi. |
| Deut 18:3 | וְזֶ֡ה יִהְיֶה֩ מִשְׁפַּ֨ט הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ת הָעָ֗ם מֵאֵ֛ת זֹבְחֵ֥י הַזֶּ֖בַח אִם־שׁ֣וֹר אִם־שֶׂ֑ה וְנָתַן֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן הַזְּרֹ֥עַ וְהַלְּחָיַ֖יִם וְהַקֵּבָֽה׃ | And this will be the priest's right from the people – from those who offer a sacrifice, whether it is an ox or a sheep – they will give the priest a shoulder and the cheeks and the stomach. |
offer ← sacrifice.
a shoulder ← an (upper) arm or a foreleg. |
| Deut 18:4 | רֵאשִׁ֨ית דְּגָֽנְךָ֜ תִּֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֗ךָ וְרֵאשִׁ֛ית גֵּ֥ז צֹאנְךָ֖ תִּתֶּן־לּֽוֹ׃ | You will give him the firstfruit of your corn, of your new wine, and of your new oil, and the first fleeces of your sheep. | first fleeces ← first of fleece. Collective usage in this combination. |
| Deut 18:5 | כִּ֣י ב֗וֹ בָּחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִכָּל־שְׁבָטֶ֑יךָ לַעֲמֹ֨ד לְשָׁרֵ֧ת בְּשֵׁם־יְהוָ֛ה ה֥וּא וּבָנָ֖יו כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | For the Lord your God chose him of all your tribes, to stand and serve in the name of the Lord – him and his sons, day after day. | day after day ← all the days. |
| Deut 18:6 | וְכִֽי־יָבֹ֨א הַלֵּוִ֜י מֵאַחַ֤ד שְׁעָרֶ֙יךָ֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא גָּ֣ר שָׁ֑ם וּבָא֙ בְּכָל־אַוַּ֣ת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And if a Levite comes from any of your gates, from anywhere in all Israel where he lives, and he comes with all enthusiasm to the place which the Lord chooses, | with all enthusiasm ← with all desire of his soul. |
| Deut 18:7 | וְשֵׁרֵ֕ת בְּשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו כְּכָל־אֶחָיו֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם הָעֹמְדִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and he serves in the name of the Lord his God, as do all his brothers the Levites who stand there before the Lord, | |
| Deut 18:8 | חֵ֥לֶק כְּחֵ֖לֶק יֹאכֵ֑לוּ לְבַ֥ד מִמְכָּרָ֖יו עַל־הָאָבֽוֹת׃ ס | they will eat similar portions, besides the proceeds of his paternal property. |
similar portions ← portion as portion.
proceeds ← sale, value. |
| Deut 18:9 | כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ לֹֽא־תִלְמַ֣ד לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּתוֹעֲבֹ֖ת הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָהֵֽם׃ | When you come into the land which the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not learn to do anything like the abominations of those nations. | |
| Deut 18:10 | לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֣א בְךָ֔ מַעֲבִ֥יר בְּנֽוֹ־וּבִתּ֖וֹ בָּאֵ֑שׁ קֹסֵ֣ם קְסָמִ֔ים מְעוֹנֵ֥ן וּמְנַחֵ֖שׁ וּמְכַשֵּֽׁף׃ | There will not be found among you anyone making his son or daughter pass through fire, anyone practising occult arts, or a fortune-teller from clouds, or a diviner, or a sorcerer, | fortune-teller from clouds: AV differs (observer of times). Also in Deut 18:14. |
| Deut 18:11 | וְחֹבֵ֖ר חָ֑בֶר וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל אוֹב֙ וְיִדְּעֹנִ֔י וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃ | or a spellbinder, or a consulter of a medium of spirits, or a wizard, or anyone seeking contact with the dead. | consulter of a medium of spirits: perhaps the medium himself. |
| Deut 18:12 | כִּֽי־תוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־עֹ֣שֵׂה אֵ֑לֶּה וּבִגְלַל֙ הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔לֶּה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מוֹרִ֥ישׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | For everyone who does these things is an abomination to the Lord, and it is on account of these abominations that the Lord your God is dispossessing them in front of you. | abomination to ← abomination of. |
| Deut 18:13 | תָּמִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה עִ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ ס | You will have integrity with the Lord your God. | have integrity ← be integrous. |
| Deut 18:14 | כִּ֣י ׀ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ יוֹרֵ֣שׁ אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־מְעֹנְנִ֥ים וְאֶל־קֹסְמִ֖ים יִשְׁמָ֑עוּ וְאַתָּ֕ה לֹ֣א כֵ֔ן נָ֛תַן לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | For these nations which you are dispossessing heed the fortune-tellers from clouds and those who practice occult arts, but as for you, the Lord your God has not permitted you to do so. |
heed: in a Hebrew “SOV” (subject-object-verb) sentence, albeit with prepositional linkage.
fortune-tellers from clouds: see Deut 18:10. |
| Deut 18:15 | נָבִ֨יא מִקִּרְבְּךָ֤ מֵאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ כָּמֹ֔נִי יָקִ֥ים לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אֵלָ֖יו תִּשְׁמָעֽוּן׃ | The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your midst, from your brothers. Him you will hear, | John 1:21, Acts 3:22, Acts 7:37. |
| Deut 18:16 | כְּכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁאַ֜לְתָּ מֵעִ֨ם יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּחֹרֵ֔ב בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֣א אֹסֵ֗ף לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י וְאֶת־הָאֵ֨שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את לֹֽא־אֶרְאֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד וְלֹ֥א אָמֽוּת׃ | in accordance with everything that you asked for from the Lord your God at Horeb on the day of the convocation, when you said, ‘Let me not hear the voice of the Lord my God again, nor see this great fire any longer, so that I do not die’, | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 18:17 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י הֵיטִ֖יבוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽרוּ׃ | after which the Lord said to me, ‘They have done well with what they have spoken.’ | after which: wider use of the vav. |
| Deut 18:18 | נָבִ֨יא אָקִ֥ים לָהֶ֛ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם כָּמ֑וֹךָ וְנָתַתִּ֤י דְבָרַי֙ בְּפִ֔יו וְדִבֶּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲצַוֶּֽנּוּ׃ | I will raise up to them a prophet from the midst of their brothers like you, and I will put my words in his mouth, and he will speak to them everything that I command him. | a prophet: John 1:21, Acts 3:22, Acts 7:37 refer to this, showing that the prophet referred to is the Messiah. |
| Deut 18:19 | וְהָיָ֗ה הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַע֙ אֶל־דְּבָרַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר בִּשְׁמִ֑י אָנֹכִ֖י אֶדְרֹ֥שׁ מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass for any man who does not listen to my words which he shall speak in my name, that I will require justice from him. | Acts 3:23. |
| Deut 18:20 | אַ֣ךְ הַנָּבִ֡יא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָזִיד֩ לְדַבֵּ֨ר דָּבָ֜ר בִּשְׁמִ֗י אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־צִוִּיתִיו֙ לְדַבֵּ֔ר וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יְדַבֵּ֔ר בְּשֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וּמֵ֖ת הַנָּבִ֥יא הַהֽוּא׃ | But as for any prophet who is presumptuous by speaking in my name anything that I did not command him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods – then that prophet shall die. |
by speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Deut 18:21 | וְכִ֥י תֹאמַ֖ר בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ אֵיכָה֙ נֵדַ֣ע אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־דִבְּר֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ | And if you say in your heart, ‘How shall we know whether it is a word which the Lord did not speak to him?’ the answer is this: | |
| Deut 18:22 | אֲשֶׁר֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר הַנָּבִ֜יא בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָב֔וֹא ה֣וּא הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־דִבְּר֖וֹ יְהוָ֑ה בְּזָדוֹן֙ דִּבְּר֣וֹ הַנָּבִ֔יא לֹ֥א תָג֖וּר מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס | when the prophet speaks in the name of the Lord and the matter does not come to pass, and it does not come about, then it is something that the Lord did not speak, and the prophet spoke it in presumption, and you shall not fear him. | |
| Deut 19:1 | כִּֽי־יַכְרִ֞ית יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־אַרְצָ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֕ם וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בְעָרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְבָתֵּיהֶֽם׃ | When the Lord your God cuts off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, so that you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, | your: singular, as in most of this chapter, but plural in verse 19. |
| Deut 19:2 | שָׁל֥וֹשׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֣יל לָ֑ךְ בְּת֣וֹךְ אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | you will separate out three cities for yourself inside your land which the Lord your God is giving you to take possession of. | |
| Deut 19:3 | תָּכִ֣ין לְךָ֮ הַדֶּרֶךְ֒ וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־גְּב֣וּל אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַנְחִֽילְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְהָיָ֕ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה כָּל־רֹצֵֽחַ׃ | You will prepare the way for yourself, and you will divide in three parts the territory of your land which the Lord your God will give you as an inheritance, and it will be for any manslayer to flee to. |
territory ← border.
any ← every. |
| Deut 19:4 | וְזֶה֙ דְּבַ֣ר הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־יָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וָחָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַכֶּ֤ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃ | And these are the circumstances when the manslayer may flee there and live: when he strikes his neighbour unintentionally, and he did not hate him in the past, |
the circumstances ← the word / matter of.
in the past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Deut 19:5 | וַאֲשֶׁר֩ יָבֹ֨א אֶת־רֵעֵ֥הוּ בַיַּעַר֮ לַחְטֹ֣ב עֵצִים֒ וְנִדְּחָ֨ה יָד֤וֹ בַגַּרְזֶן֙ לִכְרֹ֣ת הָעֵ֔ץ וְנָשַׁ֤ל הַבַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ וּמָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וָמֵ֑ת ה֗וּא יָנ֛וּס אֶל־אַחַ֥ת הֶעָרִים־הָאֵ֖לֶּה וָחָֽי׃ | or when he goes into a forest with his neighbour to cut wood, and his hand drives the axe to cut the wood and the iron head comes off the handle and hits his neighbour, and he dies, then he will flee to one of these cities and may live, |
drives ← is driven on.
handle ← wood. hits ← finds. |
| Deut 19:6 | פֶּן־יִרְדֹּף֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל הַדָּ֜ם אַחֲרֵ֣י הָרֹצֵ֗חַ כִּי־יֵחַם֮ לְבָבוֹ֒ וְהִשִּׂיג֛וֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ וְהִכָּ֣הוּ נָ֑פֶשׁ וְלוֹ֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֠י לֹ֣א שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | lest the avenger of blood pursues the manslayer, because his heart has flared up, and he catches up with him, because the way is long, and he strikes him dead, whereas he deserved no sentence of death, because he had not hated him in the past. |
avenger ← redeemer.
flared up ← become hot. he strikes him dead ← and he strikes him (in respect of the) soul. in the past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Deut 19:7 | עַל־כֵּ֛ן אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁלֹ֥שׁ עָרִ֖ים תַּבְדִּ֥יל לָֽךְ׃ ס | That is why I am commanding you, saying, ‘You shall separate out three cities for yourself.’ | |
| Deut 19:8 | וְאִם־יַרְחִ֞יב יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־גְּבֻ֣לְךָ֔ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְנָ֤תַן לְךָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לָתֵ֥ת לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And when the Lord your God broadens your territory as he swore to your fathers, and he gives you all the land which he said he would give to your fathers, |
when: or if.
territory ← border. |
| Deut 19:9 | כִּֽי־תִשְׁמֹר֩ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֨ה הַזֹּ֜את לַעֲשֹׂתָ֗הּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוְּךָ֮ הַיּוֹם֒ לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ וְלָלֶ֥כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֖יו כָּל־הַיָּמִ֑ים וְיָסַפְתָּ֨ לְךָ֥ עוֹד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ עָרִ֔ים עַ֖ל הַשָּׁלֹ֥שׁ הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | if you keep this whole body of commandments, by carrying it out – what I am commanding you today – to love the Lord your God and to walk in his ways day after day, then you will add three more cities to these three. |
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage.
by carrying it out: gerundial use of the infinitive. day after day ← all days. add ← add for yourself. |
| Deut 19:10 | וְלֹ֤א יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֣רֶב אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ דָּמִֽים׃ ס | And no innocent blood shall be shed in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that blood guilt would be on you. | |
| Deut 19:11 | וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ שֹׂנֵ֣א לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְאָ֤רַב לוֹ֙ וְקָ֣ם עָלָ֔יו וְהִכָּ֥הוּ נֶ֖פֶשׁ וָמֵ֑ת וְנָ֕ס אֶל־אַחַ֖ת הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽל׃ | But if there is a man who hates his neighbour, and he ambushes him and rises up against him, and he strikes him lethally, and he dies, and the man flees to one of these cities, | strikes him lethally ← strikes him (in respect of) the soul. |
| Deut 19:12 | וְשָֽׁלְחוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֔וֹ וְלָקְח֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ מִשָּׁ֑ם וְנָתְנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּיַ֛ד גֹּאֵ֥ל הַדָּ֖ם וָמֵֽת׃ | then the elders of his city will send for him, and they will take him from there and deliver him into the hands of the avenger of blood, and he will die. | |
| Deut 19:13 | לֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵֽינְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֧ דַֽם־הַנָּקִ֛י מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְט֥וֹב לָֽךְ׃ ס | Your eye will not show pity on him, and you will eradicate the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, so that things go well for you. |
eradicate ← burn.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 19:14 | לֹ֤א תַסִּיג֙ גְּב֣וּל רֵֽעֲךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבְל֖וּ רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים בְּנַחֲלָֽתְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּנְחַ֔ל בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ ס | You shall not move the boundary with your neighbour, which will be marked out initially in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land which the Lord your God is giving you to take possession of. | will be marked out initially ← they will bound first. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Deut 19:15 | לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶֽחֱטָ֑א עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר׃ | One witness against a man shall not stand for any iniquity or any sin – for any sinfulness by which he sins. A case will stand at the attestation of two witnesses or at the attestation of three witnesses. |
Matt 18:16, John 8:17, 2 Cor 13:1.
any (3x) ← all. attestation (2x) ← mouth. |
| Deut 19:16 | כִּֽי־יָק֥וּם עֵד־חָמָ֖ס בְּאִ֑ישׁ לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ סָרָֽה׃ | If a false witness against a man rises up, to testify against him deviously, |
false ← violent, but here in the sense of doing violence to the law.
deviously ← turning aside, falsehood, apostasy. Adverbial use of a noun, but perhaps (charge him with) apostasy. |
| Deut 19:17 | וְעָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָהֶ֥ם הָרִ֖יב לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְי֖וּ בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃ | then the two men who have a quarrel will stand before the Lord, before the priests and the judges who are in office in those days, | |
| Deut 19:18 | וְדָרְשׁ֥וּ הַשֹּׁפְטִ֖ים הֵיטֵ֑ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽד־שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ הָעֵ֔ד שֶׁ֖קֶר עָנָ֥ה בְאָחִֽיו׃ | and the judges will investigate thoroughly, and if the witness is a false witness – he has testified falsely against his brother – |
and if ← and behold. The words for if, הֵן, hen, and behold, הִנֵּה, hinneh, are closely related.
falsely ← falsity. Adverbial use of a noun. |
| Deut 19:19 | וַעֲשִׂ֣יתֶם ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָמַ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לְאָחִ֑יו וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | then you will deal with him as he planned to deal with his brother, and so you will eradicate the evil from your midst. | eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 19:20 | וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְיִרָ֑אוּ וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֨פוּ לַעֲשׂ֜וֹת ע֗וֹד כַּדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | And those who remain will hear and fear, and they will not do such an evil thing as this again in your midst. |
fear: see Deut 13:12 (Deut 13:11AV).
again ← again any more. Pleonastic in Hebrew. |
| Deut 19:21 | וְלֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶ֑ךָ נֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֗פֶשׁ עַ֤יִן בְּעַ֙יִן֙ שֵׁ֣ן בְּשֵׁ֔ן יָ֥ד בְּיָ֖ד רֶ֥גֶל בְּרָֽגֶל׃ ס | And your eye will show no pity. A life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot. | a life for a life ← a soul for a soul. |
| Deut 20:1 | כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ עַ֚ם רַ֣ב מִמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | When you go out to war against your enemies, and you see horses and chariots – a people greater than you – you shall not fear them, for the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you. | horses and chariots ← horse and chariot. Collective usage. |
| Deut 20:2 | וְהָיָ֕ה כְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִגַּ֥שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְדִבֶּ֥ר אֶל־הָעָֽם׃ | And it will come to pass, when you engage in battle, that the priest will approach and speak to the people, | |
| Deut 20:3 | וְאָמַ֤ר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֨ם קְרֵבִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֧וּ וְאַֽל־תַּחְפְּז֛וּ וְאַל־תַּֽעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | and he will say to them, ‘Hear, O Israel, you are engaging in battle against your enemies today. Do not let your heart be faint, do not be afraid, and do not be alarmed, and do not be terrified in the face of them. | |
| Deut 20:4 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּכֶ֑ם לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם עִם־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | For it is the Lord your God who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.’ | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Deut 20:5 | וְדִבְּר֣וּ הַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮ אֶל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ מִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֤ה בַֽיִת־חָדָשׁ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֲנָכ֔וֹ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יַחְנְכֶֽנּוּ׃ | And the officers will speak to the people and say, ‘What man builds a new house and does not dedicate it? Let him go and return to his house, so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it. | what man ← who (is) the man who. |
| Deut 20:6 | וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֥ע כֶּ֙רֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א חִלְּל֔וֹ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃ | And what man plants a vineyard and does not gather its vintage? Let him go and return to his house, so that he does not die in battle and another man gathers its vintage. |
what man ← who (is) the man who.
gather its vintage ... gathers its vintage ← treat it as profane. [BDB] interprets as by beginning to use its fruit. Other meanings are dance and play the flute. |
| Deut 20:7 | וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֵרַ֤שׂ אִשָּׁה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְקָחָ֔הּ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃ | And what man betroths a wife and does not take her in marriage? Let him go and return to his house, so that he does not die in battle and another man takes her in marriage.’ | |
| Deut 20:8 | וְיָסְפ֣וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְאָמְר֗וּ מִי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַיָּרֵא֙ וְרַ֣ךְ הַלֵּבָ֔ב יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֛ס אֶת־לְבַ֥ב אֶחָ֖יו כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ | And the officers will further speak to the people, and they will say, ‘What man is fearful and faint-hearted? Let him go and return to his house, so that his brothers' hearts should not become faint like his heart.’ |
what man ← who (is) the man who.
hearts ← heart. |
| Deut 20:9 | וְהָיָ֛ה כְּכַלֹּ֥ת הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וּפָֽקְד֛וּ שָׂרֵ֥י צְבָא֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃ ס | And it will come to pass, when the officers have finished speaking to the people, that they shall appoint the commanders of the armies at the head of the people. | |
| Deut 20:10 | כִּֽי־תִקְרַ֣ב אֶל־עִ֔יר לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יהָ וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֵלֶ֖יהָ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | When you approach a city to do battle against it, you will proclaim peace to it. | |
| Deut 20:11 | וְהָיָה֙ אִם־שָׁל֣וֹם תַּֽעַנְךָ֔ וּפָתְחָ֖ה לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצָא־בָ֗הּ יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֛ לָמַ֖ס וַעֲבָדֽוּךָ׃ | And it will be the case that if it answers you with peace and opens up to you, that all the people present in it will be yours under tribute, and they will serve you. |
that all ← and it will be all.
present ← found. |
| Deut 20:12 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַשְׁלִים֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְצַרְתָּ֖ עָלֶֽיהָּ׃ | But if it does not submit in peace to you, but wages war on you, then you will besiege it. | |
| Deut 20:13 | וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־כָּל־זְכוּרָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And the Lord your God will deliver it into your hand, and you will strike down all its male population by the edge of the sword. | |
| Deut 20:14 | רַ֣ק הַ֠נָּשִׁים וְהַטַּ֨ף וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בָעִ֛יר כָּל־שְׁלָלָ֖הּ תָּבֹ֣ז לָ֑ךְ וְאָֽכַלְתָּ֙ אֶת־שְׁלַ֣ל אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃ | But you will take for yourselves as booty the women and children and cattle and everything in the city – all its spoil – and you will eat the spoil of your enemies which the Lord your God has given you. | but: the Hebrew word can also be taken as restrictive (only the women etc.), although the list is long, or it can be taken as asseverative (you will certainly take ...). |
| Deut 20:15 | כֵּ֤ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לְכָל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים הָרְחֹקֹ֥ת מִמְּךָ֖ מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־מֵעָרֵ֥י הַגּֽוֹיִם־הָאֵ֖לֶּה הֵֽנָּה׃ | You will act like this with all the cities which are very remote from you, which are not of the following peoples | the following peoples ← these peoples. The reference is to the peoples listed in Deut 20:17. |
| Deut 20:16 | רַ֗ק מֵעָרֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּ֖ה כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃ | (and you will certainly not allow any living thing from the cities to live – the cities of these peoples which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance), |
any ← every.
living thing ← breath. |
| Deut 20:17 | כִּֽי־הַחֲרֵ֣ם תַּחֲרִימֵ֗ם הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | for you will completely obliterate them: the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite and the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, as the Lord your God has commanded you, |
completely obliterate: infinitive absolute.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 20:18 | לְמַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יְלַמְּד֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכֹל֙ תּֽוֹעֲבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | so that they do not teach you to do the same as any of their abominations, which they perform for their gods, whereby you would be sinning against the Lord your God. | any ← all. |
| Deut 20:19 | כִּֽי־תָצ֣וּר אֶל־עִיר֩ יָמִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים לְֽהִלָּחֵ֧ם עָלֶ֣יהָ לְתָפְשָׂ֗הּ לֹֽא־תַשְׁחִ֤ית אֶת־עֵצָהּ֙ לִנְדֹּ֤חַ עָלָיו֙ גַּרְזֶ֔ן כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ תֹאכֵ֔ל וְאֹת֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִכְרֹ֑ת כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ עֵ֣ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָבֹ֥א מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃ | For you will besiege the city for many days doing battle against it, to capture it. You will not destroy its trees by applying an axe to them, for you will eat from them. So you will not cut them down, for is the wild tree a man who can confront you in the siege? |
by applying ← by thrusting. Gerundial use of the infinitive.
for is the wild tree a man who can confront you in the siege?: AV differs ((for the tree of the field is man's life) to employ them in the siege). |
| Deut 20:20 | רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃ פ | But as for a tree which you know not to be a fruit tree, you may destroy it and cut it down, and you may build a siege engine against the city which is waging war with you, until its fall. |
fruit tree ← food tree.
fall ← descent. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 21:1 | כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃ | If a slain man is found on the ground which the Lord your God is giving you to inherit, having fallen in the field, and it is not known who struck him, | |
| Deut 21:2 | וְיָצְא֥וּ זְקֵנֶ֖יךָ וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָ וּמָדְדוּ֙ אֶל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר סְבִיבֹ֥ת הֶחָלָֽל׃ | then your elders and your judges will come out and measure the distance to the cities which are around the slain man. | |
| Deut 21:3 | וְהָיָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל וְלָֽקְח֡וּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֜וא עֶגְלַ֣ת בָּקָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עֻבַּד֙ בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מָשְׁכָ֖ה בְּעֹֽל׃ | And it will take place in the nearest city to the slain man that the elders of that city will take a calf of the oxen which has not been put to work – which has not drawn anything in a yoke – | which has not been put to work ← on which labour has not been imposed. |
| Deut 21:4 | וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃ | and the elders of that city will bring the calf down to an area with a constantly flowing brook, which is neither tilled nor sown, and there they will break the neck of the calf – at the brook, | constantly flowing brook: AV differs somewhat (rough valley). |
| Deut 21:5 | וְנִגְּשׁ֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִי֒ כִּ֣י בָ֗ם בָּחַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וּלְבָרֵ֖ךְ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וְעַל־פִּיהֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־רִ֥יב וְכָל־נָֽגַע׃ | and the priests – the sons of Levi – will approach, for it is they whom the Lord your God has chosen to serve him and to bless in the name of the Lord, and according to their pronouncement every quarrel and every case of violence will be resolved. | pronouncement ← word. |
| Deut 21:6 | וְכֹ֗ל זִקְנֵי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔וא הַקְּרֹבִ֖ים אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל יִרְחֲצוּ֙ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה הָעֲרוּפָ֥ה בַנָּֽחַל׃ | And all the elders of that city who are closely related to the slain man will wash their hands over the calf which has had its neck broken at the brook, | |
| Deut 21:7 | וְעָנ֖וּ וְאָמְר֑וּ יָדֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א *שפכה **שָֽׁפְכוּ֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵינֵ֖ינוּ לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃ | and they will testify and say, ‘Our hands did not shed this blood, and our eyes did not see anything. | our hands did not shed: the ketiv has a singular verb; its subject could, though irregularly, be read as our hand. The qeré is the normal form of a dual noun and plural verb. |
| Deut 21:8 | כַּפֵּר֩ לְעַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֖רֶב עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃ | Make atonement for your people Israel, O Lord, whom you redeemed, and do not lay innocent blood to their charge in the midst of your people Israel.’ And the blood-guilt will be atoned for for them. | will be atoned for: a rare nithpael stem-formation. |
| Deut 21:9 | וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּבַעֵ֛ר הַדָּ֥ם הַנָּקִ֖י מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And you will eradicate the shedding of innocent blood from your midst, for you will do what is upright in the eyes of the Lord. | eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 21:10 | כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וּנְתָנ֞וֹ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ בְּיָדֶ֖ךָ וְשָׁבִ֥יתָ שִׁבְיֽוֹ׃ | If you go out to war against your enemies, and the Lord your God delivers them into your hand, and you take them into their captivity, | |
| Deut 21:11 | וְרָאִיתָ֙ בַּשִּׁבְיָ֔ה אֵ֖שֶׁת יְפַת־תֹּ֑אַר וְחָשַׁקְתָּ֣ בָ֔הּ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | and you see in the body of captives a beautiful woman, and you desire her, and you wish to take her as your wife, | beautiful ← fair of form. |
| Deut 21:12 | וַהֲבֵאתָ֖הּ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְגִלְּחָה֙ אֶת־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וְעָשְׂתָ֖ה אֶת־צִפָּרְנֶֽיהָ׃ | then you will bring her into your house, and she will shave her head and attend to her nails, | attend to ← do. |
| Deut 21:13 | וְהֵסִ֩ירָה֩ אֶת־שִׂמְלַ֨ת שִׁבְיָ֜הּ מֵעָלֶ֗יהָ וְיָֽשְׁבָה֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ וּבָֽכְתָ֛ה אֶת־אָבִ֥יהָ וְאֶת־אִמָּ֖הּ יֶ֣רַח יָמִ֑ים וְאַ֨חַר כֵּ֜ן תָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ וּבְעַלְתָּ֔הּ וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | and she will take her captive's garment off, and she shall dwell in your house, and she will weep for her father and her mother for a month of days, then after that you may go to her and marry her, and she will be your wife. | take ... off ← remove ... from herself. |
| Deut 21:14 | וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־לֹ֧א חָפַ֣צְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְשִׁלַּחְתָּהּ֙ לְנַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּמָכֹ֥ר לֹא־תִמְכְּרֶ֖נָּה בַּכָּ֑סֶף לֹא־תִתְעַמֵּ֣ר בָּ֔הּ תַּ֖חַת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִנִּיתָֽהּ׃ ס | And it will come to pass, if you are not pleased with her, that you will send her away as she wishes. And you will certainly not sell her for money. You shall not trade her, since you have ravished her. |
as she wishes ← (according) to her soul.
certainly not sell: infinitive absolute. trade: an option in [ST] (en faire le trafic). Or harbour rancour towards. ravished: or afflicted. |
| Deut 21:15 | כִּֽי־תִהְיֶ֨יןָ לְאִ֜ישׁ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֗ים הָאַחַ֤ת אֲהוּבָה֙ וְהָאַחַ֣ת שְׂנוּאָ֔ה וְיָֽלְדוּ־ל֣וֹ בָנִ֔ים הָאֲהוּבָ֖ה וְהַשְּׂנוּאָ֑ה וְהָיָ֛ה הַבֵּ֥ן הַבְּכ֖וֹר לַשְּׂנִיאָֽה׃ | If a man has two wives, one loved and one hated, and they bare him sons – the one loved and the one hated – and the firstborn son is of the one hated, | Compare the linguistic usage with Rom 9:13. |
| Deut 21:16 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּיוֹם֙ הַנְחִיל֣וֹ אֶת־בָּנָ֔יו אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ לֹ֣א יוּכַ֗ל לְבַכֵּר֙ אֶת־בֶּן־הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֶן־הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖ה הַבְּכֹֽר׃ | then it shall come to pass that on the day when he leaves his inheritance to his sons – what he possesses – he will not be able to designate as firstborn the son of the one loved in preference to the firstborn son of the one hated, | |
| Deut 21:17 | כִּי֩ אֶת־הַבְּכֹ֨ר בֶּן־הַשְּׂנוּאָ֜ה יַכִּ֗יר לָ֤תֶת לוֹ֙ פִּ֣י שְׁנַ֔יִם בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּצֵ֖א ל֑וֹ כִּי־הוּא֙ רֵאשִׁ֣ית אֹנ֔וֹ ל֖וֹ מִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַבְּכֹרָֽה׃ ס | but he shall recognize the firstborn – the son of the one hated – by giving him a double share of whatever he happens to have, for that man is the first child of his vigour; he has the right of the firstborn. |
by giving: gerundial use of the infinitive.
he happens to have ← is found of his. |
| Deut 21:18 | כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה לְאִ֗ישׁ בֵּ֚ן סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֔ה אֵינֶ֣נּוּ שֹׁמֵ֔עַ בְּק֥וֹל אָבִ֖יו וּבְק֣וֹל אִמּ֑וֹ וְיסְּר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | If a man has a refractory and rebellious son, who does not obey his father or his mother, and they chasten him, but he does not listen to them, | obey ← hear the voice of. |
| Deut 21:19 | וְתָ֥פְשׂוּ ב֖וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֑וֹ וְהוֹצִ֧יאוּ אֹת֛וֹ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֥י עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶל־שַׁ֥עַר מְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | then his father and his mother will take hold of him and bring him out to the elders of his city and to the gate of his locality, | |
| Deut 21:20 | וְאָמְר֞וּ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֗וֹ בְּנֵ֤נוּ זֶה֙ סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמֹרֶ֔ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ שֹׁמֵ֖עַ בְּקֹלֵ֑נוּ זוֹלֵ֖ל וְסֹבֵֽא׃ | and they will say to the elders of his city, ‘This son of ours is refractory and rebellious; he does not obey us. He is profligate and dissolute.’ |
obey us ← hear our voice.
profligate and dissolute: or gluttonous and drunken, a charge made against Christ in Matt 11:19. |
| Deut 21:21 | וּ֠רְגָמֻהוּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י עִיר֤וֹ בָֽאֲבָנִים֙ וָמֵ֔ת וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׁמְע֥וּ וְיִרָֽאוּ׃ ס | Then all the men of the city will stone him, and he will die, and you will eradicate the evil from your midst, and all Israel will hear and fear. |
stone: see Lev 20:2.
eradicate ← burn. fear: see Deut 13:12 (Deut 13:11AV). |
| Deut 21:22 | וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בְאִ֗ישׁ חֵ֛טְא מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֖וֶת וְהוּמָ֑ת וְתָלִ֥יתָ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־עֵֽץ׃ | If there is a conviction against a man – a capital charge – and he is put to death, then you will hang him on a tree. |
conviction ← sin.
a capital charge ← a judgment of death. tree: or wood. |
| Deut 21:23 | לֹא־תָלִ֨ין נִבְלָת֜וֹ עַל־הָעֵ֗ץ כִּֽי־קָב֤וֹר תִּקְבְּרֶ֙נּוּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּֽי־קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָּל֑וּי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמֵּא֙ אֶת־אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | His corpse will not remain on the tree all night, but you will make a point of burying him on that day, for a person hanging is an object of curse to God, and you will not defile your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance. |
Gal 3:13.
make a point of burying: infinitive absolute. curse to God ← curse of God. Wider use of the construct state. land ← ground. |
| Deut 22:1 | לֹֽא־תִרְאֶה֩ אֶת־שׁ֨וֹר אָחִ֜יךָ א֤וֹ אֶת־שֵׂיוֹ֙ נִדָּחִ֔ים וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֥ב תְּשִׁיבֵ֖ם לְאָחִֽיךָ׃ | You shall not see your brother's ox or his sheep going astray and ignore it. You will make a point of returning it to your brother. |
going astray ← being driven or being induced.
it (2x) ← them, but Hebrew uses a plural form after the disjunctive or. make a point of returning: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 22:2 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א קָר֥וֹב אָחִ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א יְדַעְתּ֑וֹ וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְהָיָ֣ה עִמְּךָ֗ עַ֣ד דְּרֹ֤שׁ אָחִ֙יךָ֙ אֹת֔וֹ וַהֲשֵׁבֹת֖וֹ לֽוֹ׃ | And if your brother is not a near relation to you, and you do not know him, then you will accommodate the animal in your household, and it will be with you until your brother searches for it, when you will return it to him. | accommodate the animal in ← gather it into. |
| Deut 22:3 | וְכֵ֧ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה לַחֲמֹר֗וֹ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֮ לְשִׂמְלָתוֹ֒ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשֶׂ֜ה לְכָל־אֲבֵדַ֥ת אָחִ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאבַ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וּמְצָאתָ֑הּ לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לְהִתְעַלֵּֽם׃ ס | And you will do likewise with his donkey, and you will do likewise with his garment, and you will do likewise with every lost item of your brother's which he has lost and which you find. You are not permitted to feign ignorance. |
he has lost ← perishes / goes missing from him.
are not permitted ← are not able. feign ignorance: hithpael for feigning. Compare Gen 42:7. Alternatively, translate ignore, as in Deut 22:1, Deut 22:4. |
| Deut 22:4 | לֹא־תִרְאֶה֩ אֶת־חֲמ֨וֹר אָחִ֜יךָ א֤וֹ שׁוֹרוֹ֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם הָקֵ֥ם תָּקִ֖ים עִמּֽוֹ׃ ס | You shall not see your brother's donkey or his ox fall by the way and ignore it. You will make a point of getting it up with him. |
it ← them. See Deut 22:1.
make a point of getting it up: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 22:5 | לֹא־יִהְיֶ֤ה כְלִי־גֶ֙בֶר֙ עַל־אִשָּׁ֔ה וְלֹא־יִלְבַּ֥שׁ גֶּ֖בֶר שִׂמְלַ֣ת אִשָּׁ֑ה כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כָּל־עֹ֥שֵׂה אֵֽלֶּה׃ פ | There shall be no item of men's kit on a woman, and a man shall not wear a woman's clothing, for anyone doing these things is an abomination to the Lord your God. |
anyone ← everyone.
abomination to ← abomination of, a subjective genitive (the Lord abominates). |
| Deut 22:6 | כִּ֣י יִקָּרֵ֣א קַן־צִפּ֣וֹר ׀ לְפָנֶ֡יךָ בַּדֶּ֜רֶךְ בְּכָל־עֵ֣ץ ׀ א֣וֹ עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶפְרֹחִים֙ א֣וֹ בֵיצִ֔ים וְהָאֵ֤ם רֹבֶ֙צֶת֙ עַל־הָֽאֶפְרֹחִ֔ים א֖וֹ עַל־הַבֵּיצִ֑ים לֹא־תִקַּ֥ח הָאֵ֖ם עַל־הַבָּנִֽים׃ | If, when outdoors, you come across a bird's nest in any tree or on the ground – a brood or eggs – and the mother bird is lying on the brood or on the eggs, you shall not take the mother with the young. |
when outdoors ← on the way.
you come across ← it meets before you. any ← every. |
| Deut 22:7 | שַׁלֵּ֤חַ תְּשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָאֵ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֑ךְ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ וְהַאֲרַכְתָּ֖ יָמִֽים׃ ס | You will be sure to let the mother go, but you can take the young away, so that things go well with you, and you prolong your days. |
be sure to let the mother go: infinitive absolute.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 22:8 | כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס | If you build a new house, then you shall make a parapet for your roof so that you do not incur blood-guilt in your house if anyone falls from it. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
anyone falls ← a faller falls. |
| Deut 22:9 | לֹא־תִזְרַ֥ע כַּרְמְךָ֖ כִּלְאָ֑יִם פֶּן־תִּקְדַּ֗שׁ הַֽמְלֵאָ֤ה הַזֶּ֙רַע֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּזְרָ֔ע וּתְבוּאַ֖ת הַכָּֽרֶם׃ ס | You shall not sow your vineyard with diverse species, so that the fulness of the seed which you sow and the produce of the vineyard are not profaned. |
fulness: perhaps meaning the purity of the species.
profaned ← sanctified. Ironical; compare the irreverent use of holy in English, and sacré in French. Here the meaning may be to contaminate a pure seed. |
| Deut 22:10 | לֹֽא־תַחֲרֹ֥שׁ בְּשׁוֹר־וּבַחֲמֹ֖ר יַחְדָּֽו׃ ס | You shall not plough with an ox and a donkey together. | |
| Deut 22:11 | לֹ֤א תִלְבַּשׁ֙ שַֽׁעַטְנֵ֔ז צֶ֥מֶר וּפִשְׁתִּ֖ים יַחְדָּֽו׃ ס | You shall not wear compositely threaded material – wool and flax together. | |
| Deut 22:12 | גְּדִלִ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֛ע כַּנְפ֥וֹת כְּסוּתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּכַסֶּה־בָּֽהּ׃ ס | You shall make yourself tassels on the four sides of your vesture with which you cover yourself. | sides ← wings. |
| Deut 22:13 | כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אִשָּׁ֑ה וּבָ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וּשְׂנֵאָֽהּ׃ | If a man takes a wife, and he goes in to her, but he hates her, | |
| Deut 22:14 | וְשָׂ֥ם לָהּ֙ עֲלִילֹ֣ת דְּבָרִ֔ים וְהוֹצִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ שֵׁ֣ם רָ֑ע וְאָמַ֗ר אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ לָקַ֔חְתִּי וָאֶקְרַ֣ב אֵלֶ֔יהָ וְלֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי לָ֖הּ בְּתוּלִֽים׃ | and he fabricates pretexts against her, and publicizes a scandal against her, and says, ‘I took this wife, and I went close to her, but I found her not to be a virgin’, |
fabricates pretexts ← puts treatments of words.
publicizes a scandal ← brings out a bad name. a virgin ← virginity. |
| Deut 22:15 | וְלָקַ֛ח אֲבִ֥י *הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה וְאִמָּ֑הּ וְהוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת־בְּתוּלֵ֧י *הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֛ה אֶל־זִקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר הַשָּֽׁעְרָה׃ | then the father of the girl and her mother will take and bring out evidence of the virginity of the girl to the elders of the city at the gate. |
girl (2x): the ketiv has a masculine word, perhaps to be regarded as neuter, like Mädchen in German; the qeré has the feminine form.
at the gate ← to the gate. “Gate” perhaps standing for a courtroom at the gate. |
| Deut 22:16 | וְאָמַ֛ר אֲבִ֥י *הנער **הַֽנַּעַרָ֖ה אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים אֶת־בִּתִּ֗י נָתַ֜תִּי לָאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיִּשְׂנָאֶֽהָ׃ | And the father of the girl shall say to the elders, ‘I gave my daughter to this man as a wife, but he hates her. | girl: see v.15. |
| Deut 22:17 | וְהִנֵּה־ה֡וּא שָׂם֩ עֲלִילֹ֨ת דְּבָרִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי לְבִתְּךָ֙ בְּתוּלִ֔ים וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּתוּלֵ֣י בִתִּ֑י וּפָֽרְשׂוּ֙ הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י זִקְנֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | And look, he has fabricated pretexts, saying, «I did not find your daughter to be a virgin, and this is the evidence of the virginity of my daughter.» ’ And they will spread the cloth before the elders of the city. |
fabricated pretexts: see v.14.
a virgin ← virginity. cloth ← garment. |
| Deut 22:18 | וְלָֽקְח֛וּ זִקְנֵ֥י הָֽעִיר־הַהִ֖וא אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וְיִסְּר֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And the elders of the city will take the man and chastise him, | |
| Deut 22:19 | וְעָנְשׁ֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ מֵ֣אָה כֶ֗סֶף וְנָתְנוּ֙ לַאֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה כִּ֤י הוֹצִיא֙ שֵׁ֣ם רָ֔ע עַ֖ל בְּתוּלַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֽוֹ־תִהְיֶ֣ה לְאִשָּׁ֔ה לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל לְשַּׁלְּחָ֖הּ כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ ס | and they will fine him a hundred pieces of silver, and they will give them to the father of the girl, for he publicized a scandal against a virgin of Israel. And she shall be his wife; he shall not be able to divorce her all his days. |
girl: the normal feminine form, unlike various ketiv forms in this chapter.
publicized a scandal: see v.14. |
| Deut 22:20 | וְאִם־אֱמֶ֣ת הָיָ֔ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה לֹא־נִמְצְא֥וּ בְתוּלִ֖ים *לנער **לַֽנַּעֲרָֽה׃ | But if this matter is true – the evidence of the girl's virginity is not found – | girl's: see v.15. |
| Deut 22:21 | וְהוֹצִ֨יאוּ אֶת־*הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֜ה אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח בֵּית־אָבִ֗יהָ וּסְקָלוּהָ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י עִירָ֤הּ בָּאֲבָנִים֙ וָמֵ֔תָה כִּֽי־עָשְׂתָ֤ה נְבָלָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְנ֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יהָ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ ס | then they will take the girl out to the door of her father's house, and the men of her city will stone her, and she will die, because she committed a folly in Israel by fornicating in her father's house, and you will eradicate the evil from your midst. |
girl: see v.15.
stone: see Deut 13:11 (Deut 13:10AV). by fornicating: gerundial use of the infinitive. eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 22:22 | כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵ֨א אִ֜ישׁ שֹׁכֵ֣ב ׀ עִם־אִשָּׁ֣ה בְעֻֽלַת־בַּ֗עַל וּמֵ֙תוּ֙ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם הָאִ֛ישׁ הַשֹּׁכֵ֥ב עִם־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וְהָאִשָּׁ֑ה וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | If a man is found lying with a woman who is married to a husband, then they shall die – strictly both of them – the man lying with the woman, and the woman, and you will eradicate the evil from Israel. |
strictly ← also, but with wider, intensifying scope.
eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 22:23 | כִּ֤י יִהְיֶה֙ *נער **נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה מְאֹרָשָׂ֖ה לְאִ֑ישׁ וּמְצָאָ֥הּ אִ֛ישׁ בָּעִ֖יר וְשָׁכַ֥ב עִמָּֽהּ׃ | If a virgin girl is betrothed to a man, and another man finds her in the city and lies with her, | girl: see v.15. Here the verb is masculine (or to be regarded as neuter) without emendation. The masculine noun is used with a feminine participle in vv.25,27. |
| Deut 22:24 | וְהוֹצֵאתֶ֨ם אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶ֜ם אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר ׀ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֗וא וּסְקַלְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֥ם בָּאֲבָנִים֮ וָמֵתוּ֒ אֶת־*הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה עַל־דְּבַר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־צָעֲקָ֣ה בָעִ֔יר וְאֶ֨ת־הָאִ֔ישׁ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־עִנָּ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ ס | then you will bring both of them out to the gate of that city and stone them, and they will die: the girl because she did not cry out in the city, and the man because he ravished his neighbour's future wife, and you will eradicate the evil from your midst. |
girl: see v.15.
John 8:5. stone: see Deut 13:11 (Deut 13:10AV). eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 22:25 | וְֽאִם־בַּשָּׂדֶ֞ה יִמְצָ֣א הָאִ֗ישׁ אֶת־*הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה וְהֶחֱזִֽיק־בָּ֥הּ הָאִ֖ישׁ וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וּמֵ֗ת הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁכַ֥ב עִמָּ֖הּ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | But if the man finds the betrothed girl in the field, and the man overpowers her and lies with her, then only the man who lay with her will die, | girl: see v.15. |
| Deut 22:26 | *ולנער **וְלַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָבָ֔ר אֵ֥ין *לנער **לַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה חֵ֣טְא מָ֑וֶת כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יָק֨וּם אִ֤ישׁ עַל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ וּרְצָח֣וֹ נֶ֔פֶשׁ כֵּ֖ן הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | and you will not do anything to the girl. The girl has not committed a capital sin, for as a man rises up against his neighbour and strikes him dead, so is this matter. |
girl (2x): see v.15.
strikes him dead ← murders him (in respect of the) soul. |
| Deut 22:27 | כִּ֥י בַשָּׂדֶ֖ה מְצָאָ֑הּ צָעֲקָ֗ה *הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִׁ֖יעַ לָֽהּ׃ ס | For he found her in the field, and the betrothed girl cried out, but she did not have a deliverer. | girl: see v.15. |
| Deut 22:28 | כִּֽי־יִמְצָ֣א אִ֗ישׁ *נער **נַעֲרָ֤ה בְתוּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־אֹרָ֔שָׂה וּתְפָשָׂ֖הּ וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וְנִמְצָֽאוּ׃ | If a man finds a virgin girl who is not betrothed, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are found, | girl: see v.15. |
| Deut 22:29 | וְ֠נָתַן הָאִ֨ישׁ הַשֹּׁכֵ֥ב עִמָּ֛הּ לַאֲבִ֥י *הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף וְלֽוֹ־תִהְיֶ֣ה לְאִשָּׁ֗ה תַּ֚חַת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִנָּ֔הּ לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל שַׁלְּחָ֖ה כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ ס | then the man lying with her will give the girl's father fifty pieces of silver, and she will be his wife, because he ravished her. He will not be allowed to divorce her all his days. |
girl's: see v.15.
be allowed to ← be able to. |
| Deut 23:1 Deut 22:30AV |
לֹא־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יְגַלֶּ֖ה כְּנַ֥ף אָבִֽיו׃ ס | A man shall not take his father's wife, and he shall not uncover his father's skirt. | uncover his father's skirt: i.e. take his father's wife. See Deut 27:20. |
| Deut 23:2 Deut 23:1AV |
לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א פְצֽוּעַ־דַּכָּ֛א וּכְר֥וּת שָׁפְכָ֖ה בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס | No man who is wounded by crushing or cutting off of the male organs shall enter into the Lord's convocation. | |
| Deut 23:3 Deut 23:2AV |
לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס | No illegitimate offspring shall enter into the Lord's convocation. Even the tenth generation shall not take it upon themselves to enter into the convocation of the Lord. | shall not take it upon themselves to enter ← shall not enter for itself. Idiomatic. |
| Deut 23:4 Deut 23:3AV |
לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | No Ammonite or Moabite shall enter into the Lord's convocation. Even the tenth generation shall not take it upon themselves to enter into the Lord's convocation, ever, |
shall not take it upon themselves to enter: see Deut 23:3 (Deut 23:2AV).
ever ← up to the age. |
| Deut 23:5 Deut 23:4AV |
עַל־דְּבַ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־קִדְּמ֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמַּ֔יִם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁר֩ שָׂכַ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר מִפְּת֛וֹר אֲרַ֥ם נַהֲרַ֖יִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃ | because they did not meet you with bread and water on the way when you came out of Egypt, and because they hired Balaam the son of Beor from Pethor in Mesopotamia against you to curse you. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
Pethor in ← Pethor of. |
| Deut 23:6 Deut 23:5AV |
וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיַּהֲפֹךְ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֧יךָ לְּךָ֛ אֶת־הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָ֑ה כִּ֥י אֲהֵֽבְךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | But the Lord your God was not willing to listen to Balaam, and the Lord your God changed the curse into a blessing for you, for the Lord your God loves you. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Deut 23:7 Deut 23:6AV |
לֹא־תִדְרֹ֥שׁ שְׁלֹמָ֖ם וְטֹבָתָ֑ם כָּל־יָמֶ֖יךָ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס | You shall not seek their peace or their welfare at any time, ever. |
at any time ← all your days.
ever ← for the age. |
| Deut 23:8 Deut 23:7AV |
לֹֽא־תְתַעֵ֣ב אֲדֹמִ֔י כִּ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ ה֑וּא ס לֹא־תְתַעֵ֣ב מִצְרִ֔י כִּי־גֵ֖ר הָיִ֥יתָ בְאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | You shall not regard the Edomite as abominable, for he is your brother. You shall not regard the Egyptian as abominable, because you were a foreigner in his land. | |
| Deut 23:9 Deut 23:8AV |
בָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־יִוָּלְד֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם דּ֣וֹר שְׁלִישִׁ֑י יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֖ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Any sons that are born to them in the third generation may take it upon themselves to enter into the Lord's convocation. | take it upon themselves: see Deut 23:3 (Deut 23:2AV). |
| Deut 23:10 Deut 23:9AV |
כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א מַחֲנֶ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְנִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔ מִכֹּ֖ל דָּבָ֥ר רָֽע׃ | When you go out of your camp against your enemies, you will keep yourself from every evil thing. | thing: or word. |
| Deut 23:11 Deut 23:10AV |
כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה טָה֖וֹר מִקְּרֵה־לָ֑יְלָה וְיָצָא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה לֹ֥א יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | If there is a man among you who becomes not clean, by chance at night, he shall go out to the exterior of the camp; he shall not come straight back into the interior of the camp. | chance at night ← chance of night. |
| Deut 23:12 Deut 23:11AV |
וְהָיָ֥ה לִפְנֽוֹת־עֶ֖רֶב יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וּכְבֹ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶה׃ | And it shall come to pass at the approach of evening that he shall wash himself with water, and when the sun sets, he may come into the interior of the camp. | approach ← turning. |
| Deut 23:13 Deut 23:12AV |
וְיָד֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְיָצָ֥אתָ שָׁ֖מָּה חֽוּץ׃ | And you will have a place outside the camp, and you will go there – outside – | place ← hand. Compare Isa 56:5. |
| Deut 23:14 Deut 23:13AV |
וְיָתֵ֛ד תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ עַל־אֲזֵנֶ֑ךָ וְהָיָה֙ בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֣ ח֔וּץ וְחָפַרְתָּ֣ה בָ֔הּ וְשַׁבְתָּ֖ וְכִסִּ֥יתָ אֶת־צֵאָתֶֽךָ׃ | and you will have a spade with your equipment, and it will be the case that when you sit outside, you will dig with it and then turn and cover your excrement. | spade: this is the word for the pegs of the tabernacle. [CB]= blade. It was probably like a garden trowel. |
| Deut 23:15 Deut 23:14AV |
כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֗ךָ לְהַצִּֽילְךָ֙ וְלָתֵ֤ת אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהָיָ֥ה מַחֲנֶ֖יךָ קָד֑וֹשׁ וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְשָׁ֖ב מֵאַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ ס | When the Lord your God walks up and down in the midst of your camp, to deliver you and to set your enemies before you, your camp will be holy, and he shall not see the nakedness of anything with you and turn aside from you. |
set: or deliver.
the nakedness of anything: AV differs somewhat (unclean thing). |
| Deut 23:16 Deut 23:15AV |
לֹא־תַסְגִּ֥יר עֶ֖בֶד אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑יו אֲשֶׁר־יִנָּצֵ֥ל אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵעִ֥ם אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | You shall not deliver back to his master a servant who has escaped to you from his master. | escaped ← delivered himself. |
| Deut 23:17 Deut 23:16AV |
עִמְּךָ֞ יֵשֵׁ֣ב בְּקִרְבְּךָ֗ בַּמָּק֧וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֛ר בְּאַחַ֥ד שְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ בַּטּ֣וֹב ל֑וֹ לֹ֖א תּוֹנֶֽנּוּ׃ ס | He will remain with you in your midst, in a place which he chooses at one of your gates, for his welfare. You shall not afflict him. | |
| Deut 23:18 Deut 23:17AV |
לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה קְדֵשָׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה קָדֵ֖שׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ | There shall be no prostitute among the daughters of Israel, and there shall be no male prostitute among the sons of Israel. | |
| Deut 23:19 Deut 23:18AV |
לֹא־תָבִיא֩ אֶתְנַ֨ן זוֹנָ֜ה וּמְחִ֣יר כֶּ֗לֶב בֵּ֛ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְכָל־נֶ֑דֶר כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | You shall not bring a harlot's immoral earnings or the proceeds of the sale of a dog to the house of the Lord your God for any vow, for decidedly both of these are an abomination to the Lord your God. |
proceeds of the sale ← price.
any ← every. decidedly ← also, but with wider, emphasizing scope. |
| Deut 23:20 Deut 23:19AV |
לֹא־תַשִּׁ֣יךְ לְאָחִ֔יךָ נֶ֥שֶׁךְ כֶּ֖סֶף נֶ֣שֶׁךְ אֹ֑כֶל נֶ֕שֶׁךְ כָּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּֽׁךְ׃ | You shall not lend to your brother at interest – interest in terms of money, interest in terms of food, or interest in terms of anything that one might exact as interest. | anything ← everything. |
| Deut 23:21 Deut 23:20AV |
לַנָּכְרִ֣י תַשִּׁ֔יךְ וּלְאָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תַשִּׁ֑יךְ לְמַ֨עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֜ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בְּכֹל֙ מִשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֶ֔ךָ עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ ס | You may lend at interest to the foreigner, but you shall not lend at interest to your brother, so that the Lord your God blesses you in every undertaking of yours on the land which you are coming to, to take possession of it. | undertaking of yours: see Deut 15:10. |
| Deut 23:22 Deut 23:21AV |
כִּֽי־תִדֹּ֥ר נֶ֙דֶר֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תְאַחֵ֖ר לְשַׁלְּמ֑וֹ כִּֽי־דָּרֹ֨שׁ יִדְרְשֶׁ֜נּוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ | When you make a vow to the Lord your God, you shall not be tardy in fulfilling it, for the Lord your God will certainly claim it from you, otherwise there will be sin in you. |
Matt 5:33.
in fulfilling: gerundial use of the infinitive. certainly claim: infinitive absolute. otherwise: contrastive use of the vav. |
| Deut 23:23 Deut 23:22AV |
וְכִ֥י תֶחְדַּ֖ל לִנְדֹּ֑ר לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ | But if you refrain from vowing, there will be no sin in you. | |
| Deut 23:24 Deut 23:23AV |
מוֹצָ֥א שְׂפָתֶ֖יךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר וְעָשִׂ֑יתָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֜רְתָּ לַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נְדָבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ בְּפִֽיךָ׃ ס | Keep the utterance of your lips, and carry it out, in accordance with having vowed a freewill-offering to the Lord your God – that which you spoke with your mouth. | |
| Deut 23:25 Deut 23:24AV |
כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֧ עֲנָבִ֛ים כְּנַפְשְׁךָ֖ שָׂבְעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶֽל־כֶּלְיְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִתֵּֽן׃ ס | When you go into your neighbour's vineyard, you may eat grapes as you desire – your fill – but you shall not put them in any container of yours. | as you desire ← according to your soul. |
| Deut 23:26 Deut 23:25AV |
כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּקָמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְקָטַפְתָּ֥ מְלִילֹ֖ת בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְחֶרְמֵשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָנִ֔יף עַ֖ל קָמַ֥ת רֵעֶֽךָ׃ ס | If you go into your neighbour's standing corn, you may pluck ears of corn in your hand, but you shall not swing the sickle into your neighbour's standing corn. | |
| Deut 24:1 | כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֛ישׁ אִשָּׁ֖ה וּבְעָלָ֑הּ וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־לֹ֧א תִמְצָא־חֵ֣ן בְּעֵינָ֗יו כִּי־מָ֤צָא בָהּ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | If a man takes a wife and marries her, it will be the case that if she does not find grace in his eyes, because he finds something shameful about her, then he shall write her a deed of divorce and place it in her hand, and he shall dismiss her from his house. |
Matt 5:31, Matt 19:7, Mark 10:4.
something shameful about her ← nakedness of a matter in her. deed ← book. |
| Deut 24:2 | וְיָצְאָ֖ה מִבֵּית֑וֹ וְהָלְכָ֖ה וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵֽר׃ | And she will depart from his house and go away and become the wife of another man. | |
| Deut 24:3 | וּשְׂנֵאָהּ֮ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲרוֹן֒ וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּית֑וֹ א֣וֹ כִ֤י יָמוּת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־לְקָחָ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And if the subsequent husband hates her, he shall write her a statement of divorce and place it in her hand, and he shall dismiss her from his house. Or if the subsequent husband who took her to be his wife dies, | statement ← book. |
| Deut 24:4 | לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן אֲשֶֽׁר־שִׁ֠לְּחָהּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְי֧וֹת ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | then the first husband, who dismissed her, cannot take her again to be his wife, after she has been defiled, for that is an abomination before the Lord, and you shall not bring sin on the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance. |
she has been defiled: in a rare hothpael stem-formation.
bring sin on the land ← cause the land to sin. |
| Deut 24:5 | כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִישׁ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה לֹ֤א יֵצֵא֙ בַּצָּבָ֔א וְלֹא־יַעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֖יו לְכָל־דָּבָ֑ר נָקִ֞י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵיתוֹ֙ שָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְשִׂמַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־לָקָֽח׃ ס | When a man takes a wife and is newly wed, he shall not go out in the army, and no duty will be imposed on him. He will remain free for his household for one year, and he will please his wife whom he has taken. |
a wife and is newly wed ← a new wife.
no duty will be imposed on him ← there will not pass over him for any matter. |
| Deut 24:6 | לֹא־יַחֲבֹ֥ל רֵחַ֖יִם וָרָ֑כֶב כִּי־נֶ֖פֶשׁ ה֥וּא חֹבֵֽל׃ ס | No-one shall bind another with a lower and an upper millstone as security, for that would be binding him by his livelihood. | livelihood ← soul. Also modern laws do not permit taking a man's tools of his trade. |
| Deut 24:7 | כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א אִ֗ישׁ גֹּנֵ֨ב נֶ֤פֶשׁ מֵאֶחָיו֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּ֖וֹ וּמְכָר֑וֹ וּמֵת֙ הַגַּנָּ֣ב הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ | If a man is found stealing a person from his brothers – from the sons of Israel – and he makes merchandise of him, and he sells him, then that thief shall die. And so you will eradicate the evil from your midst. |
person ← soul.
makes merchandise: see Deut 21:14 (trade). eradicate ← burn. |
| Deut 24:8 | הִשָּׁ֧מֶר בְּנֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֛עַת לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְאֹ֖ד וְלַעֲשׂ֑וֹת כְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יוֹר֨וּ אֶתְכֶ֜ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים הַלְוִיִּ֛ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִ֖ם תִּשְׁמְר֥וּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ ס | Beware of the plague of leprosy; be very much on your guard, also to do everything that the Levite priests instruct you. As I have commanded them, so you will ensure you act. | |
| Deut 24:9 | זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְמִרְיָ֑ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ ס | Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam, on the way when you were coming out of Egypt. |
remember: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
Miriam: see Num 12:10. |
| Deut 24:10 | כִּֽי־תַשֶּׁ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ מַשַּׁ֣את מְא֑וּמָה לֹא־תָבֹ֥א אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לַעֲבֹ֥ט עֲבֹטֽוֹ׃ | If you lend anything to your neighbour as a secured loan, you shall not go into his house to take security for it. | |
| Deut 24:11 | בַּח֖וּץ תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וְהָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ נֹשֶׁ֣ה ב֔וֹ יוֹצִ֥יא אֵלֶ֛יךָ אֶֽת־הַעֲב֖וֹט הַחֽוּצָה׃ | You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you are lending with security will bring out the security to you outside. | |
| Deut 24:12 | וְאִם־אִ֥ישׁ עָנִ֖י ה֑וּא לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּעֲבֹטֽוֹ׃ | And if he is a poor man, do not go to bed having his security. | having his security ← with his security. Explained by the next verse. |
| Deut 24:13 | הָשֵׁב֩ תָּשִׁ֨יב ל֤וֹ אֶֽת־הַעֲבוֹט֙ כְּבֹ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְשָׁכַ֥ב בְּשַׂלְמָת֖וֹ וּבֵֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ וּלְךָ֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה צְדָקָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ ס | You will make a point of returning his security when the sun sets, and he will go to bed with his garment, and he will bless you, and you will have righteousness before the Lord your God. | make a point of returning: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 24:14 | לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | You shall not defraud a hired labourer, who is poor and needy, whether he is of your brothers or of your foreigners who are in your land within your gates. | foreigners ← foreigner, collective usage. |
| Deut 24:15 | בְּיוֹמוֹ֩ תִתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָר֜וֹ וְֽלֹא־תָב֧וֹא עָלָ֣יו הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י עָנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵלָ֕יו ה֥וּא נֹשֵׂ֖א אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ ס | You will give him his wages on the day due, and the sun will not set on him not having received them, for he is poor, and he sets his heart on them, so he does not cry out to the Lord against you, and there is sin against you. |
on the day due ← on their day.
sets his heart ← raises his soul. so: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 24:16 | לֹֽא־יוּמְת֤וּ אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־יוּמְת֣וּ עַל־אָב֑וֹת אִ֥יש בְּחֶטְא֖וֹ יוּמָֽתוּ׃ ס | The fathers shall not be put to death because of the sons, and the sons shall not be put to death because of the fathers. A man shall be put to death for his own sin. | |
| Deut 24:17 | לֹ֣א תַטֶּ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט גֵּ֣ר יָת֑וֹם וְלֹ֣א תַחֲבֹ֔ל בֶּ֖גֶד אַלְמָנָֽה׃ | You shall not pervert the course of justice of the foreigner, nor of the orphan, and you shall not bind a widow on the security of her clothing. | |
| Deut 24:18 | וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ כִּ֣י עֶ֤בֶד הָיִ֙יתָ֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִשָּׁ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And you will remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the Lord your God redeemed you from there, which is why I am commanding you to do this thing. | |
| Deut 24:19 | כִּ֣י תִקְצֹר֩ קְצִֽירְךָ֨ בְשָׂדֶ֜ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֧ עֹ֣מֶר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה לֹ֤א תָשׁוּב֙ לְקַחְתּ֔וֹ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֑ה לְמַ֤עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃ | When you reap your harvest in your field, and you forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not return to get it. It will be for the foreigner, for the orphan, and for the widow, so that the Lord your God blesses you in every undertaking of yours. | undertaking of yours: see Deut 15:10, but here hands. |
| Deut 24:20 | כִּ֤י תַחְבֹּט֙ זֵֽיתְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְפָאֵ֖ר אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶֽה׃ ס | When you beat your olive tree, you shall not glean the boughs after you. They will be for the foreigner, for the orphan, and for the widow. | |
| Deut 24:21 | כִּ֤י תִבְצֹר֙ כַּרְמְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְעוֹלֵ֖ל אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶֽה׃ | When you gather the vintage of your vineyard, you shall not glean after you. It will be for the foreigner, for the orphan, and for the widow. | |
| Deut 24:22 | וְזָ֣כַרְתָּ֔ כִּי־עֶ֥בֶד הָיִ֖יתָ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And you will remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, which is why I am commanding you to do this thing. | |
| Deut 25:1 | כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה רִיב֙ בֵּ֣ין אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְנִגְּשׁ֥וּ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט וּשְׁפָט֑וּם וְהִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙ אֶת־הַצַּדִּ֔יק וְהִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ אֶת־הָרָשָֽׁע׃ | If there is a quarrel between men, they shall present themselves at the judiciary, and the judges will judge them, and they will justify the one in the right and condemn the one in the wrong. | |
| Deut 25:2 | וְהָיָ֛ה אִם־בִּ֥ן הַכּ֖וֹת הָרָשָׁ֑ע וְהִפִּיל֤וֹ הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ וְהִכָּ֣הוּ לְפָנָ֔יו כְּדֵ֥י רִשְׁעָת֖וֹ בְּמִסְפָּֽר׃ | And it will be the case, if the one in the wrong is deserving of a beating, that the judge will make him fall down, and he will beat him in front of him, in number according to his wrongdoing. | deserving of ← a son of. |
| Deut 25:3 | אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יַכֶּ֖נּוּ לֹ֣א יֹסִ֑יף פֶּן־יֹסִ֨יף לְהַכֹּת֤וֹ עַל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ מַכָּ֣ה רַבָּ֔ה וְנִקְלָ֥ה אָחִ֖יךָ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ ס | He may beat him with forty strokes, but he shall not exceed that, so that he does not beat more than this number – a great beating – and your brother is made light of in your sight. | beat more than this number ← add to beat above this. |
| Deut 25:4 | לֹא־תַחְסֹ֥ם שׁ֖וֹר בְּדִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | You shall not muzzle the ox when it is threshing. | 1 Cor 9:9, 1 Tim 5:18. |
| Deut 25:5 | כִּֽי־יֵשְׁב֨וּ אַחִ֜ים יַחְדָּ֗ו וּמֵ֨ת אַחַ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ וּבֵ֣ן אֵֽין־ל֔וֹ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּ֛ת הַח֖וּצָה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר יְבָמָהּ֙ יָבֹ֣א עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְקָחָ֥הּ ל֛וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וְיִבְּמָֽהּ׃ | If some brothers live together and one of them dies, and he has no son, the wife of the deceased shall not become the wife of a foreigner outside. Her brother-in-law will go in to her and take her as his wife, and he will marry her in the capacity of the deceased husband's brother. |
Matt 22:24, Mark 12:19, Luke 20:28.
and he will marry her in the capacity of the deceased husband's brother: one word in Hebrew. |
| Deut 25:6 | וְהָיָ֗ה הַבְּכוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד יָק֕וּם עַל־שֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו הַמֵּ֑ת וְלֹֽא־יִמָּחֶ֥ה שְׁמ֖וֹ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it will be the case that the firstborn whom she bears will be raised in the name of his deceased brother, so his name shall not be blotted out from Israel. | will be raised ← will rise. Qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Deut 25:7 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א יַחְפֹּץ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ לָקַ֖חַת אֶת־יְבִמְתּ֑וֹ וְעָלְתָה֩ יְבִמְתּ֨וֹ הַשַּׁ֜עְרָה אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים וְאָֽמְרָה֙ מֵאֵ֨ין יְבָמִ֜י לְהָקִ֨ים לְאָחִ֥יו שֵׁם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה יַבְּמִֽי׃ | But if the man is not willing to take his sister-in-law, then let his sister-in-law go up to the gate, to the elders, and say, ‘My brother-in-law refuses to raise a name in Israel to his brother – he is not willing as the deceased husband's brother to marry me.’ |
refuses: [WLC] can be read as refuses, whether with an irregular spelling, or a scribal error in this manuscript (many manuscripts having the regular spelling מֵאֵן [BHS-CA]). Alternatively, the sense ↴
gate: standing for court. |
| Deut 25:8 | וְקָֽרְאוּ־ל֥וֹ זִקְנֵי־עִיר֖וֹ וְדִבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֑יו וְעָמַ֣ד וְאָמַ֔ר לֹ֥א חָפַ֖צְתִּי לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ | Then the elders of his city will call him and speak to him, and if he stands his ground and says, ‘I do not wish to take her’, | ↳ is for lack of, i.e. for lack of my brother-in-law raising ... in Israel, which yields essentially the same meaning. |
| Deut 25:9 | וְנִגְּשָׁ֨ה יְבִמְתּ֣וֹ אֵלָיו֮ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִים֒ וְחָלְצָ֤ה נַעֲלוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְל֔וֹ וְיָרְקָ֖ה בְּפָנָ֑יו וְעָֽנְתָה֙ וְאָ֣מְרָ֔ה כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יִבְנֶ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָחִֽיו | then his sister-in-law will approach him in the sight of the elders, and she will pull his shoe off his foot and spit in his face, and she will answer and say, ‘May it so be done to the man who does not build up his brother's house.’ | |
| Deut 25:10 | וְנִקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בֵּ֖ית חֲל֥וּץ הַנָּֽעַל׃ ס | And his name shall be known in Israel as, ‘The house of the one with the shoe pulled off.’ | be known ... as ← called. |
| Deut 25:11 | כִּֽי־יִנָּצ֨וּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים יַחְדָּו֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאָחִ֔יו וְקָֽרְבָה֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת הָֽאֶחָ֔ד לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶת־אִישָׁ֖הּ מִיַּ֣ד מַכֵּ֑הוּ וְשָׁלְחָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ וְהֶחֱזִ֖יקָה בִּמְבֻשָֽׁיו׃ | If two men are striving together – a man and his brother – and the wife of one approaches to deliver her husband from the hand of the one striking him, and she stretches out her hand and takes hold of his private parts, | |
| Deut 25:12 | וְקַצֹּתָ֖ה אֶת־כַּפָּ֑הּ לֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶֽךָ׃ ס | then you shall cut her hand off. Your eye shall not have pity. | |
| Deut 25:13 | לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ בְּכִֽיסְךָ֖ אֶ֣בֶן וָאָ֑בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃ ס | You shall not have in your bag two kinds of weight – one large and one small. | two kinds of weight ← stone and stone. |
| Deut 25:14 | לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ אֵיפָ֣ה וְאֵיפָ֑ה גְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְטַנָּֽה׃ | You shall not have in your house two kinds of ephah, one large and one small. | two kinds of ephah ← ephah and ephah. An ephah is about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Deut 25:15 | אֶ֣בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֤ה וָצֶ֙דֶק֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֔ךְ אֵיפָ֧ה שְׁלֵמָ֛ה וָצֶ֖דֶק יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑ךְ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִ֣יכוּ יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ | You shall have a full and just weight, you shall have a full and just ephah, so that your days may be prolonged on the land which the Lord your God is giving you. |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
land ← ground. |
| Deut 25:16 | כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כָּל־עֹ֣שֵׂה אֵ֑לֶּה כֹּ֖ל עֹ֥שֵׂה עָֽוֶל׃ פ | For everyone who does those things is an abomination to the Lord your God – everyone who commits injustice. | an abomination to ← an abomination of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Deut 25:17 | זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ עֲמָלֵ֑ק בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | Remember what Amalek did to you on the way when you were coming out of Egypt, | |
| Deut 25:18 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּ֖ה עָיֵ֣ף וְיָגֵ֑עַ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | what befell you on the way, when he attacked you in the rear – all those weak at your rear – when you were tired and weary, and he did not fear God. | what befell you: AV differs (how he met you), also possible. |
| Deut 25:19 | וְהָיָ֡ה בְּהָנִ֣יחַ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ ׀ לְ֠ךָ מִכָּל־אֹ֨יְבֶ֜יךָ מִסָּבִ֗יב בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְהוָֽה־אֱ֠לֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֤ נַחֲלָה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ תִּמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹ֖א תִּשְׁכָּֽח׃ פ | And it shall come to pass when the Lord your God gives you rest from all your enemies round about in the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, to take possession of it, that you will wipe the memory of Amalek out from under the sky. You shall not forget. | |
| Deut 26:1 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־תָב֣וֹא אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֖הּ וְיָשַׁ֥בְתָּ בָּֽהּ׃ | And it will come to pass when you enter into the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, and you take possession of it and dwell in it, | |
| Deut 26:2 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֞ מֵרֵאשִׁ֣ית ׀ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר תָּבִ֧יא מֵֽאַרְצְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָ֖ךְ וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ בַטֶּ֑נֶא וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ | that you will take some of the firstfruit of every fruit of the land which you bring in from your land which the Lord your God is giving you, and you will put it in a basket, and you will go to the place in which the Lord your God chooses to seat his name. | land (first occurrence in verse) ← ground. |
| Deut 26:3 | וּבָאתָ֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו הִגַּ֤דְתִּי הַיּוֹם֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כִּי־בָ֙אתִי֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ לָ֥תֶת לָֽנוּ׃ | And you will go to the priest who is in office in those days, and you will say to him, ‘I declare today to the Lord your God that I have entered into the land about which the Lord swore to our fathers that he would give it to us.’ | |
| Deut 26:4 | וְלָקַ֧ח הַכֹּהֵ֛ן הַטֶּ֖נֶא מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ וְהִ֨נִּיח֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֕י מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And the priest will take the basket from your hand, and he will place it in front of the altar of the Lord your God. | |
| Deut 26:5 | וְעָנִ֨יתָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֜ לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֲרַמִּי֙ אֹבֵ֣ד אָבִ֔י וַיֵּ֣רֶד מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וַיָּ֥גָר שָׁ֖ם בִּמְתֵ֣י מְעָ֑ט וַֽיְהִי־שָׁ֕ם לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל עָצ֥וּם וָרָֽב׃ | And you will respond and say before the Lord your God, ‘My father was an Aramaean who was perishing, and he went down to Egypt and dwelt there with few men, but he became a great people there, powerful and numerous. | my father: i.e. Jacob. |
| Deut 26:6 | וַיָּרֵ֧עוּ אֹתָ֛נוּ הַמִּצְרִ֖ים וַיְעַנּ֑וּנוּ וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ עֲבֹדָ֥ה קָשָֽׁה׃ | And the Egyptians treated us badly and oppressed us and imposed harsh work on us. | |
| Deut 26:7 | וַנִּצְעַ֕ק אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־קֹלֵ֔נוּ וַיַּ֧רְא אֶת־עָנְיֵ֛נוּ וְאֶת־עֲמָלֵ֖נוּ וְאֶת־לַחֲצֵֽנוּ׃ | And we cried out to the Lord God of our fathers, and the Lord heard our voice and saw our affliction and our toil and our distress. | |
| Deut 26:8 | וַיּוֹצִאֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם בְּיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמֹרָ֖א גָּדֹ֑ל וּבְאֹת֖וֹת וּבְמֹפְתִֽים׃ | And the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a strong hand and an outstretched arm and with great awe, and with signs and miracles. | |
| Deut 26:9 | וַיְבִאֵ֖נוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | And he brought us to this place, and he gave us this land – a land flowing with milk and honey. | |
| Deut 26:10 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֤ה הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־רֵאשִׁית֙ פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה לִּ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְהִנַּחְתּ֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔יתָ לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And now look, I have brought the firstfruit of the land which you, O Lord, have given me.’ And you shall place it before the Lord your God, and you shall worship before the Lord your God. | land ← ground. |
| Deut 26:11 | וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֣ בְכָל־הַטּ֗וֹב אֲשֶׁ֧ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּלְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ אַתָּה֙ וְהַלֵּוִ֔י וְהַגֵּ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃ ס | And you will rejoice at all the goodness which the Lord your God has given you and your household – you and the Levite and the foreigner who is in your midst. | |
| Deut 26:12 | כִּ֣י תְכַלֶּ֞ה לַ֠עְשֵׂר אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂ֧ר תְּבוּאָתְךָ֛ בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ת שְׁנַ֣ת הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֑ר וְנָתַתָּ֣ה לַלֵּוִ֗י לַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָ֔ה וְאָכְל֥וּ בִשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ וְשָׂבֵֽעוּ׃ | When you have finished tithing the whole tithe of your produce in the third year – the year of the tithe – and you have given it to the Levite, to the foreigner, to the orphan, and to the widow, so that they can eat at your gates and be satisfied, | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Deut 26:13 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ לִפְנֵי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בִּעַ֧רְתִּי הַקֹּ֣דֶשׁ מִן־הַבַּ֗יִת וְגַ֨ם נְתַתִּ֤יו לַלֵּוִי֙ וְלַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֔ה כְּכָל־מִצְוָתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתָ֑נִי לֹֽא־עָבַ֥רְתִּי מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֥א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ | you shall say before the Lord your God, ‘I have conveyed the holy requirement from my house, and I have indeed given it to the Levite, and to the foreigner, to the orphan, and to the widow, according to the whole of your body of commandments which you commanded me. I have not transgressed your commandments, and I have not forgotten anything. |
conveyed ← burned ← removed (from my possession), with a sense of utterness.
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 26:14 | לֹא־אָכַ֨לְתִּי בְאֹנִ֜י מִמֶּ֗נּוּ וְלֹא־בִעַ֤רְתִּי מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ בְּטָמֵ֔א וְלֹא־נָתַ֥תִּי מִמֶּ֖נּוּ לְמֵ֑ת שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י עָשִׂ֕יתִי כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתָֽנִי׃ | I have not eaten from it in my frivolity, nor have I conveyed any of it in a state of uncleanness, nor have I appointed any of it for the dead. I have obeyed the Lord my God; I have acted according to everything you have commanded me. |
frivolity: or sorrow, which does not fit the context very well. The ground form is אָוֶן. The root meaning is lightness, nothingness.
conveyed: see Deut 26:13. obeyed ← heard the voice of. |
| Deut 26:15 | הַשְׁקִיפָה֩ מִמְּע֨וֹן קָדְשְׁךָ֜ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבָרֵ֤ךְ אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֵת֙ הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּה לָ֑נוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתָּ֙ לַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ ס | Look down from your holy dwelling place, from heaven, and bless your people – Israel – and the ground which you have given us, according to what you swore to our fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey.’ | your holy dwelling place ← the dwelling place of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Deut 26:16 | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ מְצַוְּךָ֧ לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת אֶת־הַחֻקִּ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֤ וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אוֹתָ֔ם בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | This day the Lord your God commands you to carry out these statutes and these regulations, and you shall keep and perform them, with all your heart and with all your soul. | |
| Deut 26:17 | אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה הֶאֱמַ֖רְתָּ הַיּ֑וֹם לִהְיוֹת֩ לְךָ֨ לֵֽאלֹהִ֜ים וְלָלֶ֣כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֗יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר חֻקָּ֧יו וּמִצְוֺתָ֛יו וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֥עַ בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃ | You have affirmed today that the Lord is your God, and that you will walk in his ways, and that you will keep his statutes and his commandments and his regulations and obey him. | obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Deut 26:18 | וַֽיהוָ֞ה הֶאֱמִֽירְךָ֣ הַיּ֗וֹם לִהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לָ֑ךְ וְלִשְׁמֹ֖ר כָּל־מִצְוֺתָֽיו׃ | And the Lord has affirmed to you today that you will be his people as a special acquisition, as he has said to you, and for you to keep all his commandments, | |
| Deut 26:19 | וּֽלְתִתְּךָ֣ עֶלְי֗וֹן עַ֤ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לִתְהִלָּ֖ה וּלְשֵׁ֣ם וּלְתִפְאָ֑רֶת וְלִֽהְיֹתְךָ֧ עַם־קָדֹ֛שׁ לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס | and to place you above all the nations which he has made, to be praise and renown and splendour, and for you to be a holy people to the Lord your God, as he has spoken.” |
to be praise ← for praise.
The direct speech ending here started at Deut 5:1. |
| Deut 27:1 | וַיְצַ֤ו מֹשֶׁה֙ וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹר֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Then Moses and the elders of Israel commanded the people and said, “Keep the whole body of commandments which I am commanding you today. | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 27:2 | וְהָיָ֗ה בַּיּוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ וַהֲקֵמֹתָ֤ לְךָ֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת וְשַׂדְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּשִּֽׂיד׃ | And it will be the case that on the day when you cross the Jordan into the land which the Lord your God is giving you, that you will set up some large stones and plaster them over with gypsum. | gypsum ← the gypsum. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Deut 27:3 | וְכָתַבְתָּ֣ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ן אֶֽת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּעָבְרֶ֑ךָ לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ תָּבֹ֨א אֶל־הָאָ֜רֶץ אֲֽשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ ׀ נֹתֵ֣ן לְךָ֗ אֶ֣רֶץ זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃ | And you shall write on them all the words of this law when you cross, so that you go into the land which the Lord your God is giving you – a land flowing with milk and honey – as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you. | |
| Deut 27:4 | וְהָיָה֮ בְּעָבְרְכֶ֣ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תָּקִ֜ימוּ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֜י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּהַ֣ר עֵיבָ֑ל וְשַׂדְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּשִּֽׂיד׃ | And it shall be the case when you cross the Jordan that you will set up these stones about which I am commanding you today, at Mount Ebal, and you will plaster them over with gypsum. | |
| Deut 27:5 | וּבָנִ֤יתָ שָּׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ מִזְבַּ֣ח אֲבָנִ֔ים לֹא־תָנִ֥יף עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּרְזֶֽל׃ | And you will build there an altar to the Lord your God – an altar of stones. You shall not use an iron tool on them. | use ← wield, lift, wave. |
| Deut 27:6 | אֲבָנִ֤ים שְׁלֵמוֹת֙ תִּבְנֶ֔ה אֶת־מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְהַעֲלִ֤יתָ עָלָיו֙ עוֹלֹ֔ת לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | You will build the altar to the Lord your God made with whole stones, and you will offer burnt offerings on it to the Lord your God. | |
| Deut 27:7 | וְזָבַחְתָּ֥ שְׁלָמִ֖ים וְאָכַ֣לְתָּ שָּׁ֑ם וְשָׂ֣מַחְתָּ֔ לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will sacrifice peace-offerings, and you will eat there, and you will rejoice before the Lord your God. | |
| Deut 27:8 | וְכָתַבְתָּ֣ עַל־הָאֲבָנִ֗ים אֶֽת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּאֵ֥ר הֵיטֵֽב׃ ס | And you will write on the stones all the words of this law. Engrave them meticulously.” | engrave them meticulously: AV differs (very plainly), omitting engrave. |
| Deut 27:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶ֥ל כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַסְכֵּ֤ת ׀ וּשְׁמַע֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ נִהְיֵ֣יתָֽ לְעָ֔ם לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | Then Moses and the Levite priests spoke to the whole of Israel and said, “Be quiet and listen, O Israel. This day you have become a people to the Lord your God. | be quiet: AV differs somewhat (take heed). |
| Deut 27:10 | וְשָׁ֣מַעְתָּ֔ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֶת־מִצְוֺתָו֙ וְאֶת־חֻקָּ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃ ס | And you will obey the voice of the Lord your God, and you will carry out his commandments and his statutes which I am commanding you today.” |
commandments: the consonantal text reads commandment, i.e. body of commandments.
obey ← hear. |
| Deut 27:11 | וַיְצַ֤ו מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Moses commanded the people, on that day, and he said, | |
| Deut 27:12 | אֵ֠לֶּה יַֽעַמְד֞וּ לְבָרֵ֤ךְ אֶת־הָעָם֙ עַל־הַ֣ר גְּרִזִ֔ים בְּעָבְרְכֶ֖ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן שִׁמְעוֹן֙ וְלֵוִ֣י וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר וְיוֹסֵ֥ף וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ | “The following tribes shall stand to bless the people on Mount Gerizim when you cross the Jordan: Simeon and Levi and Judah and Issachar and Joseph and Benjamin. | The following tribes ← these. |
| Deut 27:13 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה יַֽעַמְד֥וּ עַל־הַקְּלָלָ֖ה בְּהַ֣ר עֵיבָ֑ל רְאוּבֵן֙ גָּ֣ד וְאָשֵׁ֔ר וּזְבוּלֻ֖ן דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִֽי׃ | And the following shall stand for the curse on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad and Asher and Zebulun, Dan and Naphtali. | |
| Deut 27:14 | וְעָנ֣וּ הַלְוִיִּ֗ם וְאָֽמְר֛וּ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ק֥וֹל רָֽם׃ ס | And the Levites shall respond and say to every man of Israel in a loud voice, | |
| Deut 27:15 | אָר֣וּר הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂה֩ פֶ֨סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֜ה תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מַעֲשֵׂ֛ה יְדֵ֥י חָרָ֖שׁ וְשָׂ֣ם בַּסָּ֑תֶר וְעָנ֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וְאָמְר֖וּ אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is the man who makes an idol or a cast image. The work of the hands of a craftsman, which he puts in a secret place, is an abomination to the Lord.’ And all the people shall respond and say, ‘Amen.’ | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Deut 27:16 | אָר֕וּר מַקְלֶ֥ה אָבִ֖יו וְאִמּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who despises his father and his mother.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:17 | אָר֕וּר מַסִּ֖יג גְּב֣וּל רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who moves his neighbour's boundary.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:18 | אָר֕וּר מַשְׁגֶּ֥ה עִוֵּ֖ר בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who lets the blind go astray on the way.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:19 | אָר֗וּר מַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט גֵּר־יָת֖וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֑ה וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who perverts the course of justice with a foreigner, an orphan or a widow.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ |
justice with ← justice of. Wider use of the construct state.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Deut 27:20 | אָר֗וּר שֹׁכֵב֙ עִם־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו כִּ֥י גִלָּ֖ה כְּנַ֣ף אָבִ֑יו וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who lies with his father's wife, for he has uncovered his father's skirt.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | Compare Deut 23:1 (Deut 22:30AV). |
| Deut 27:21 | אָר֕וּר שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־כָּל־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who lies with any cattle.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | any ← all. |
| Deut 27:22 | אָר֗וּר שֹׁכֵב֙ עִם־אֲחֹת֔וֹ בַּת־אָבִ֖יו א֣וֹ בַת־אִמּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who lies with his sister – his father's daughter or his mother's daughter.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:23 | אָר֕וּר שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־חֹֽתַנְתּ֑וֹ וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who lies with his mother-in-law.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:24 | אָר֕וּר מַכֵּ֥ה רֵעֵ֖הוּ בַּסָּ֑תֶר וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who strikes his neighbour in secret.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | |
| Deut 27:25 | אָרוּר֙ לֹקֵ֣חַ שֹׁ֔חַד לְהַכּ֥וֹת נֶ֖פֶשׁ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ ס | ‘Cursed is he who accepts a bribe to strike and shed the blood of an innocent person.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ | to strike and shed the blood of an innocent person ← to strike the soul of innocent blood. |
| Deut 27:26 | אָר֗וּר אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יָקִ֛ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמַ֥ר כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אָמֵֽן׃ פ | ‘Cursed is he who does not establish the words of this law, by doing them.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ |
Gal 3:10.
by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 28:1 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם וּנְתָ֨נְךָ֜ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עֶלְי֔וֹן עַ֖ל כָּל־גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it will be the case, if you rigorously obey the voice of the Lord your God by ensuring to carry out all his commandments which I am commanding you today, that the Lord your God will set you above all the nations of the earth. |
rigorously obey ← rigorously hear. Infinitive absolute.
by ensuring ← by guarding. Gerundial use of the infinitive. This chapter employs mainly singular second person pronouns and verbal forms (exceptions at Deut 28:62-63). |
| Deut 28:2 | וּבָ֧אוּ עָלֶ֛יךָ כָּל־הַבְּרָכ֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֻ֑ךָ כִּ֣י תִשְׁמַ֔ע בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And all the following blessings will come upon you and overtake you, if you obey the voice of the Lord your God. |
the following ← these.
obey ← hear. |
| Deut 28:3 | בָּר֥וּךְ אַתָּ֖ה בָּעִ֑יר וּבָר֥וּךְ אַתָּ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | Blessed you will be in the town, and blessed you will be in the country. | |
| Deut 28:4 | בָּר֧וּךְ פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֛ וּפְרִ֥י אַדְמָתְךָ֖ וּפְרִ֣י בְהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָ שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּר֥וֹת צֹאנֶֽךָ׃ | Blessed will be the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your land and the fruit of your cattle – the offspring of your oxen and the issue of your flock animals. | |
| Deut 28:5 | בָּר֥וּךְ טַנְאֲךָ֖ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃ | Blessed will be your basket and your store. | store: as [ST] (la huche). AV differs (kneading-trough), which is our translation in Ex 12:34, but here we take the etymology from שָׁאַר, in hiphil= to retain. |
| Deut 28:6 | בָּר֥וּךְ אַתָּ֖ה בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ וּבָר֥וּךְ אַתָּ֖ה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃ | Blessed you will be in your coming, and blessed you will be in your going. | in your coming ... in your going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 28:7 | יִתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ הַקָּמִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ נִגָּפִ֖ים לְפָנֶ֑יךָ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ יֵצְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים יָנ֥וּסוּ לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | The Lord will grant that your enemies who rise up against you will be struck down before you. They will come out towards you in one direction, and they will flee in seven directions before you. | direction ... directions ← way ... ways. Compare 2 Chr 6:34. |
| Deut 28:8 | יְצַ֨ו יְהוָ֤ה אִתְּךָ֙ אֶת־הַבְּרָכָ֔ה בַּאֲסָמֶ֕יךָ וּבְכֹ֖ל מִשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֶ֑ךָ וּבֵ֣רַכְךָ֔ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ | The Lord will command the blessing to be with you in your storehouses and in every undertaking of yours, and he will bless you in the land which the Lord your God is giving you. | undertaking of yours: see Deut 15:10. |
| Deut 28:9 | יְקִֽימְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם קָד֔וֹשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נִֽשְׁבַּֽע־לָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י תִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ בִּדְרָכָֽיו׃ | The Lord will raise you up to be a holy people to him, as he has sworn to you, if you keep the commandments of the Lord your God, and you walk in his ways. | |
| Deut 28:10 | וְרָאוּ֙ כָּל־עַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה נִקְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑יךָ וְיָֽרְא֖וּ מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ | And all the various peoples of the earth will see that the name of the Lord is what you are called after, and they will be afraid of you. | is what you are called after ← is called on over you. Compare Amos 9:12, James 2:7. |
| Deut 28:11 | וְהוֹתִֽרְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ לְטוֹבָ֔ה בִּפְרִ֧י בִטְנְךָ֛ וּבִפְרִ֥י בְהַמְתְּךָ֖ וּבִפְרִ֣י אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָ֥תֶת לָֽךְ׃ | And the Lord will cause you to abound in good things – in the fruit of your womb, and in the fruit of your cattle, and in the fruit of your ground on the ground about which the Lord swore to your fathers that he would give it to you. | |
| Deut 28:12 | יִפְתַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ לְ֠ךָ אֶת־אוֹצָר֨וֹ הַטּ֜וֹב אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם לָתֵ֤ת מְטַֽר־אַרְצְךָ֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ וּלְבָרֵ֕ךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֑ךָ וְהִלְוִ֙יתָ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א תִלְוֶֽה׃ | The Lord will open his good treasury to you – the heavens to give rain to your land in its season and to bless every work of your hands – and you will lend to great nations, but you shall not borrow. |
rain to ← rain of.
hands ← hand. |
| Deut 28:13 | וּנְתָֽנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֤ה לְרֹאשׁ֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזָנָ֔ב וְהָיִ֙יתָ֙ רַ֣ק לְמַ֔עְלָה וְלֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֖ה לְמָ֑טָּה כִּֽי־תִשְׁמַ֞ע אֶל־מִצְוֺ֣ת ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם לִשְׁמֹ֥ר וְלַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | And the Lord will make you the head and not the tail, and you will be only high up, and you will not be low down, if you obey the commandments of the Lord your God which I am commanding you today to keep and to carry out. | obey ← hear. |
| Deut 28:14 | וְלֹ֣א תָס֗וּר מִכָּל־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֜י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לָלֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים לְעָבְדָֽם׃ ס | And you shall not depart from any of the words which I am commanding you today, neither to the right nor to the left, in going after other gods to serve them. |
any ← all.
in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 28:15 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמַע֙ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֣יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם וּבָ֧אוּ עָלֶ֛יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְהִשִּׂיגֽוּךָ׃ | But it will come to pass, if you do not obey the voice of the Lord your God, in ensuring to carry out all his commandments and his statutes which I am commanding you today, then all the following curses will come upon you, and they will overtake you. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
obey ← hear. in ensuring ← in keeping. Gerundial use of the infinitive. the following ← these. |
| Deut 28:16 | אָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בָּעִ֑יר וְאָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | Cursed you will be in the town, and cursed you will be in the country. | |
| Deut 28:17 | אָר֥וּר טַנְאֲךָ֖ וּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃ | Cursed will be your basket and your store. | store: see Deut 28:5. |
| Deut 28:18 | אָר֥וּר פְּרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֖ וּפְרִ֣י אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּר֥וֹת צֹאנֶֽךָ׃ | Cursed will be the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground – the offspring of your oxen and the issue of your flock animals. | |
| Deut 28:19 | אָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּבֹאֶ֑ךָ וְאָר֥וּר אַתָּ֖ה בְּצֵאתֶֽךָ׃ | Cursed you will be in your coming, and cursed you will be in your going. | |
| Deut 28:20 | יְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בְּ֠ךָ אֶת־הַמְּאֵרָ֤ה אֶת־הַמְּהוּמָה֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּגְעֶ֔רֶת בְּכָל־מִשְׁלַ֥ח יָדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה עַ֣ד הִשָּֽׁמֶדְךָ֤ וְעַד־אֲבָדְךָ֙ מַהֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֛י רֹ֥עַ מַֽעֲלָלֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲזַבְתָּֽנִי׃ | The Lord will send the curse on you – turbulence and rebuke at every undertaking of yours which you do, until you are destroyed and until you perish swiftly on account of the wickedness of your deeds, in that you abandoned me. | undertaking of yours: see Deut 15:10. |
| Deut 28:21 | יַדְבֵּ֧ק יְהוָ֛ה בְּךָ֖ אֶת־הַדָּ֑בֶר עַ֚ד כַּלֹּת֣וֹ אֹֽתְךָ֔ מֵעַל֙ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | The Lord will cause a plague to keep a hold on you until it finishes you off in the land to which you are going, to take possession of it. |
until it: or, as AV, until he. So AV differs. Compare the plural verb in the next verse, which militates against he here.
in the land ← from off the ground. |
| Deut 28:22 | יַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃ | The Lord will strike you with tuberculosis and with fever and with inflammation and with burning and with dehydration, and with blight and with mildew, and they will pursue you until you perish. | dehydration: AV differs (sword), which is also possible, but the primary root meaning is dryness, which fits the context of plagues rather than military battle. |
| Deut 28:23 | וְהָי֥וּ שָׁמֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֖ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ בַּרְזֶֽל׃ | And your sky that is over your head will be copper, and the land that is underneath you will be iron. | sky ... copper ... land ... iron: i.e. a bleak outlook and a daily struggle. |
| Deut 28:24 | יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מְטַ֥ר אַרְצְךָ֖ אָבָ֣ק וְעָפָ֑ר מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ יֵרֵ֣ד עָלֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃ | The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust. It will come down on you from the sky until you have been destroyed. | |
| Deut 28:25 | יִתֶּנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִגָּף֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶיךָ֒ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ תֵּצֵ֣א אֵלָ֔יו וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים תָּנ֣וּס לְפָנָ֑יו וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | The Lord will arrange that you are struck down before your enemies. You will go out in one direction towards them, but you will flee in seven directions before them, and you will be a target of atrocity to all the kingdoms of the earth. |
arrange that you are struck down ← give / put you struck down.
them (2x) ← him. See Deut 28:1. atrocity: taking זַעֲוָה to be a transposition of זְוָעָה, with [AnLx]. AV differs (removed). |
| Deut 28:26 | וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָֽתְךָ֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְכָל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֵ֖ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ | And your corpse will be food for all the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth, and there will be no-one to frighten them away. | |
| Deut 28:27 | יַכְּכָ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה בִּשְׁחִ֤ין מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ *ובעפלים **וּבַטְּחֹרִ֔ים וּבַגָּרָ֖ב וּבֶחָ֑רֶס אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תוּכַ֖ל לְהֵרָפֵֽא׃ | The Lord will strike you with the ulcers of Egypt and with {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours], and with scurvy and with an itch, which you will not be able to be cured of. | The ketiv specifically means tumours in the anus; the qeré reads tumours, swellings [BDB], but not [AnLx]. The Masoretes considered the ketiv unseemly or obscene. |
| Deut 28:28 | יַכְּכָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּשִׁגָּע֖וֹן וּבְעִוָּר֑וֹן וּבְתִמְה֖וֹן לֵבָֽב׃ | The Lord will strike you with madness and blindness and a bewildered heart. | bewildered heart ← bewilderment of heart, a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Deut 28:29 | וְהָיִ֜יתָ מְמַשֵּׁ֣שׁ בַּֽצָּהֳרַ֗יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יְמַשֵּׁ֤שׁ הָעִוֵּר֙ בָּאֲפֵלָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תַצְלִ֖יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֜יתָ אַ֣ךְ עָשׁ֧וּק וְגָז֛וּל כָּל־הַיָּמִ֖ים וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ | And you will be groping around at noon, as a blind man gropes around in thick darkness, and you will not prosper in your ways, and you will be nothing but oppressed and spoiled every day, and there will be no-one to save you. |
prosper in your ways ← cause your ways to prosper.
every day ← all the days. |
| Deut 28:30 | אִשָּׁ֣ה תְאָרֵ֗שׂ וְאִ֤ישׁ אַחֵר֙ *ישגלנה **יִשְׁכָּבֶ֔נָּה בַּ֥יִת תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְלֹא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב בּ֑וֹ כֶּ֥רֶם תִּטַּ֖ע וְלֹ֥א תְחַלְּלֶּֽנּוּ׃ | You will betroth a woman, but another man will {K: ravish} [Q: lie with] her; you will build a house but not live in it; you will plant a vineyard, but you will not gather its vintage. |
The Masoretes considered the ketiv obscene [BDB]. Compare Zech 14:2.
gather its vintage ← treat it as profane. [BDB] interprets as by beginning to use its fruit. Other meanings are dance and play the flute. |
| Deut 28:31 | שׁוֹרְךָ֞ טָב֣וּחַ לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ וְלֹ֣א תֹאכַל֮ מִמֶּנּוּ֒ חֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ גָּז֣וּל מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב לָ֑ךְ צֹֽאנְךָ֙ נְתֻנ֣וֹת לְאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֥ין לְךָ֖ מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ | Your ox will be slaughtered before your eyes, but you will not eat any of it; your donkey will be snatched away in front of you, and it will not return to you; your sheep will be given to your enemies, and there will be no-one to save them for you. | |
| Deut 28:32 | בָּנֶ֨יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֜יךָ נְתֻנִ֨ים לְעַ֤ם אַחֵר֙ וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֔וֹת וְכָל֥וֹת אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְאֵ֥ין לְאֵ֖ל יָדֶֽךָ׃ | Your sons and your daughters will be given to another people, and your eyes will look and pine for them all day long, and there will be nothing in the power of your hand. | |
| Deut 28:33 | פְּרִ֤י אַדְמָֽתְךָ֙ וְכָל־יְגִ֣יעֲךָ֔ יֹאכַ֥ל עַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יָדָ֑עְתָּ וְהָיִ֗יתָ רַ֛ק עָשׁ֥וּק וְרָצ֖וּץ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | A people whom you have not known will eat the fruit of your ground, and all your toil, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed every day. | your toil: i.e. the produce of your toil. |
| Deut 28:34 | וְהָיִ֖יתָ מְשֻׁגָּ֑ע מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ | And you will become mad at the sight in front of your eyes which you will see. | |
| Deut 28:35 | יַכְּכָ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה בִּשְׁחִ֣ין רָ֗ע עַל־הַבִּרְכַּ֙יִם֙ וְעַל־הַשֹּׁקַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תוּכַ֖ל לְהֵרָפֵ֑א מִכַּ֥ף רַגְלְךָ֖ וְעַ֥ד קָדְקֳדֶֽךָ׃ | The Lord will strike you with a severe ulcer on the knees and on the legs, which you will not be able to be cured of, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head. | |
| Deut 28:36 | יוֹלֵ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֹֽתְךָ֗ וְאֶֽת־מַלְכְּךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּקִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ אֶל־גּ֕וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עְתָּ אַתָּ֣ה וַאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְעָבַ֥דְתָּ שָּׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃ | The Lord will lead both you and the king whom you set up over you, to a people whom you and your fathers have not known, and you will serve other gods there – wood and stone. | |
| Deut 28:37 | וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה לְמָשָׁ֖ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֑ה בְּכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יְנַהֶגְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And you will be an object of astonishment, the butt of proverbs and taunts among all the various peoples where the Lord will lead you. | proverbs and taunts ← a proverb and a taunt. |
| Deut 28:38 | זֶ֥רַע רַ֖ב תּוֹצִ֣יא הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּמְעַ֣ט תֶּאֱסֹ֔ף כִּ֥י יַחְסְלֶ֖נּוּ הָאַרְבֶּֽה׃ | You will take out much seed to the field, but you will gather little, because the swarming locust will devour it. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 28:39 | כְּרָמִ֥ים תִּטַּ֖ע וְעָבָ֑דְתָּ וְיַ֤יִן לֹֽא־תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וְלֹ֣א תֶאֱגֹ֔ר כִּ֥י תֹאכְלֶ֖נּוּ הַתֹּלָֽעַת׃ | You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink the wine, and you will not gather the vintage, for the grub will eat it. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 28:40 | זֵיתִ֛ים יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּכָל־גְּבוּלֶ֑ךָ וְשֶׁ֙מֶן֙ לֹ֣א תָס֔וּךְ כִּ֥י יִשַּׁ֖ל זֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | You will have olive trees throughout your territory, but you will not anoint yourself with the oil, for your olives will fall off prematurely. |
throughout ← in all.
olives ← olive. Collective usage. fall off prematurely: or, as niphal of שָׁלַל, be plundered. |
| Deut 28:41 | בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנ֖וֹת תּוֹלִ֑יד וְלֹא־יִהְי֣וּ לָ֔ךְ כִּ֥י יֵלְכ֖וּ בַּשֶּֽׁבִי׃ | You will beget sons and daughters, but they will not be with you, for they will go into captivity. | they will not be with you ← they will not be to / for / belonging to you. AV differs somewhat (thou shalt not enjoy them), translating very freely. |
| Deut 28:42 | כָּל־עֵצְךָ֖ וּפְרִ֣י אַדְמָתֶ֑ךָ יְיָרֵ֖שׁ הַצְּלָצַֽל׃ | The chirping locust will take possession of all your trees and the fruit of the land. | will take possession: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Deut 28:43 | הַגֵּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֔ יַעֲלֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ מַ֣עְלָה מָּ֑עְלָה וְאַתָּ֥ה תֵרֵ֖ד מַ֥טָּה מָּֽטָּה׃ | The foreigner who is among you will rise above you higher and higher, but you will descend lower and lower. | |
| Deut 28:44 | ה֣וּא יַלְוְךָ֔ וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֣א תַלְוֶ֑נּוּ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְזָנָֽב׃ | He will lend to you, but you will not lend to him. He will become the head, and you will become the tail. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 28:45 | וּבָ֨אוּ עָלֶ֜יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֣וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה וּרְדָפ֙וּךָ֙ וְהִשִּׂיג֔וּךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָ֑ךְ כִּי־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֛ר מִצְוֺתָ֥יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽךְ׃ | And all these curses will come upon you, and they will pursue you and overtake you, until you are destroyed, because you did not obey the voice of the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and his statutes which he commanded you. |
obey ← hear.
by keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 28:46 | וְהָי֣וּ בְךָ֔ לְא֖וֹת וּלְמוֹפֵ֑ת וּֽבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And they will be a sign and a wonder against you, and against your seed, age-abidingly, | |
| Deut 28:47 | תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־עָבַ֙דְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְט֣וּב לֵבָ֑ב מֵרֹ֖ב כֹּֽל׃ | because you did not serve the Lord your God, with joy and cheerfulness at the abundance of everything. | cheerfulness ← goodness of heart. |
| Deut 28:48 | וְעָבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשַׁלְּחֶ֤נּוּ יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּרָעָ֧ב וּבְצָמָ֛א וּבְעֵירֹ֖ם וּבְחֹ֣סֶר כֹּ֑ל וְנָתַ֞ן עֹ֤ל בַּרְזֶל֙ עַל־צַוָּארֶ֔ךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃ | And you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you, in hunger and in thirst and in nakedness and in need of everything, and he will put a yoke of iron on your neck until he has destroyed you. | he has destroyed you ← his destroying of you. A suffixed subjective genitive followed by the object, you. |
| Deut 28:49 | יִשָּׂ֣א יְהוָה֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ גּ֤וֹי מֵרָחוֹק֙ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִדְאֶ֖ה הַנָּ֑שֶׁר גּ֕וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תִשְׁמַ֖ע לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃ | The Lord will mobilize a people from afar against you, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies – a people whose language you will not understand – |
mobilize ← raise; bear.
flies: perhaps swoops. NH= glides. understand ← hear. |
| Deut 28:50 | גּ֖וֹי עַ֣ז פָּנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יִשָּׂ֤א פָנִים֙ לְזָקֵ֔ן וְנַ֖עַר לֹ֥א יָחֹֽן׃ | a people of fierce appearance who do not respect the aged, nor do they show compassion to a boy. | respect ← raise the face. |
| Deut 28:51 | וְ֠אָכַל פְּרִ֨י בְהֶמְתְּךָ֥ וּפְרִֽי־אַדְמָתְךָ֮ עַ֣ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָךְ֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֜יר לְךָ֗ דָּגָן֙ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָ֔ר שְׁגַ֥ר אֲלָפֶ֖יךָ וְעַשְׁתְּרֹ֣ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ עַ֥ד הַאֲבִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃ | And they will eat the fruit of your cattle and the fruit of your land until you have been destroyed, and they will not leave you corn or new wine or new oil, offspring of your oxen or issue of your sheep, until they have destroyed you. |
they (3x) ← he, i.e. the fierce people.
land ← ground. |
| Deut 28:52 | וְהֵצַ֨ר לְךָ֜ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֗יךָ עַ֣ד רֶ֤דֶת חֹמֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַגְּבֹה֣וֹת וְהַבְּצֻר֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בֹּטֵ֥חַ בָּהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהֵצַ֤ר לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ בְּכָ֨ל־אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃ | And they will besiege you at all your gates until your high and fortified walls come down in which you trust throughout your land, and they will besiege you at all your gates throughout your land which the Lord your God has given you. |
they (2x) ← he, i.e. the fierce people.
besiege (2x): from root צָרַר. [AnLx] and [BDB] admit no more than distress, but [ST] has besiege (assiéger). The noun siege from root צוּר is admitted by all in the next verse. throughout (2x) ← in all. |
| Deut 28:53 | וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ פְרִֽי־בִטְנְךָ֗ בְּשַׂ֤ר בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁר־יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֖ אֹיְבֶֽךָ׃ | And you will eat the fruit of your womb, the flesh of your sons and your daughters whom the Lord your God has given you, in the siege and in the oppression with which your enemy will oppress you. | |
| Deut 28:54 | הָאִישׁ֙ הָרַ֣ךְ בְּךָ֔ וְהֶעָנֹ֖ג מְאֹ֑ד תֵּרַ֨ע עֵינ֤וֹ בְאָחִיו֙ וּבְאֵ֣שֶׁת חֵיק֔וֹ וּבְיֶ֥תֶר בָּנָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹתִֽיר׃ | The tender man among you, and the very delicate man, will be malevolently disposed towards his brother, and towards the wife of his bosom, and towards the remnant of his sons whom he has remaining, |
be malevolently disposed ← have an evil eye.
he has remaining: or he lets remain. |
| Deut 28:55 | מִתֵּ֣ת ׀ לְאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֗ם מִבְּשַׂ֤ר בָּנָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאכֵ֔ל מִבְּלִ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ כֹּ֑ל בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֛ אֹיִבְךָ֖ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | so that he will not give to any of them any of the flesh of the sons whom he eats, because he will not have anything remaining in the siege and in the oppression with which your enemy will oppress you at all your gates. | anything ← everything. |
| Deut 28:56 | הָרַכָּ֨ה בְךָ֜ וְהָעֲנֻגָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־נִסְּתָ֤ה כַף־רַגְלָהּ֙ הַצֵּ֣ג עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵהִתְעַנֵּ֖ג וּמֵרֹ֑ךְ תֵּרַ֤ע עֵינָהּ֙ בְּאִ֣ישׁ חֵיקָ֔הּ וּבִבְנָ֖הּ וּבְבִתָּֽהּ׃ | The tender woman among you, and the delicate woman who does not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground on account of her being delicate or because of her softness, will be malevolently disposed towards the husband of her bosom and towards her son and towards her daughter, |
or: we take this as a disjunctive use of the vav.
be malevolently disposed ← have an evil eye. |
| Deut 28:57 | וּֽבְשִׁלְיָתָ֞הּ הַיּוֹצֵ֣ת ׀ מִבֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֗יהָ וּבְבָנֶ֙יהָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּלֵ֔ד כִּֽי־תֹאכְלֵ֥ם בְּחֹֽסֶר־כֹּ֖ל בַּסָּ֑תֶר בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֥יק לְךָ֛ אֹיִבְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ | and towards her placenta which comes out from between her legs, and towards her sons whom she bears, because she will eat them in a lack of everything, in secret, in the siege and in the oppression with which your enemy will oppress you at your gates, | placenta: AV differs (young one). |
| Deut 28:58 | אִם־לֹ֨א תִשְׁמֹ֜ר לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתוּבִ֖ים בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה לְ֠יִרְאָה אֶת־הַשֵּׁ֞ם הַנִּכְבָּ֤ד וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | if you do not ensure to carry out all the words of this law, which are written in this book, in fearing this glorious and awesome name, the Lord your God. |
in fearing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
name: perhaps the origin of the custom in Judaism of referring to God as HaShem, the Name. |
| Deut 28:59 | וְהִפְלָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מַכֹּ֣תְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת מַכּ֣וֹת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ מַכּ֤וֹת גְּדֹלוֹת֙ וְנֶ֣אֱמָנ֔וֹת וָחֳלָיִ֥ם רָעִ֖ים וְנֶאֱמָנִֽים׃ | And the Lord will go to extraordinary lengths in striking you and in striking your seed – with great and firm striking and with harmful and tenacious diseases. |
will go to extraordinary lengths in striking you ← will make amazing your beatings.
tenacious ← firm. |
| Deut 28:60 | וְהֵשִׁ֣יב בְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַדְוֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגֹ֖רְתָּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְדָבְק֖וּ בָּֽךְ׃ | And he will bring on you all the ailments of Egypt, of which you are fearful, and they will cling to you. |
bring ← bring back.
ailments ← ailment, but with a plural verb. Collective usage. |
| Deut 28:61 | גַּ֤ם כָּל־חֳלִי֙ וְכָל־מַכָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א כָת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את יַעְלֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃ | Moreover the Lord will bring on you every disease and every blow which is not written in the book of this law, until you have been destroyed. | the book of this law: [CB] differs this book of the law, but the grammatical genders militate against this. |
| Deut 28:62 | וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ בִּמְתֵ֣י מְעָ֔ט תַּ֚חַת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֱיִיתֶ֔ם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹ֑ב כִּי־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | And you will be left with few people, instead of being like the stars of the sky in multitude, because you did not obey the voice of the Lord your God. | obey ← hear. |
| Deut 28:63 | וְ֠הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨שׂ יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם לְהֵיטִ֣יב אֶתְכֶם֮ וּלְהַרְבּ֣וֹת אֶתְכֶם֒ כֵּ֣ן יָשִׂ֤ישׂ יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לְהַאֲבִ֥יד אֶתְכֶ֖ם וּלְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְנִסַּחְתֶּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | And it shall come to pass that as the Lord rejoices over you in doing you good and in increasing you, so shall the Lord rejoice over you in causing you to perish and in destroying you, and you will be plucked up off the land to which you are going, to inherit it. |
in doing you good ... in increasing you ... in causing you to perish ... in destroying: gerundial infinitives.
land ← ground. |
| Deut 28:64 | וֶהֱפִֽיצְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים מִקְצֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעָבַ֨דְתָּ שָּׁ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יָדַ֛עְתָּ אַתָּ֥ה וַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃ | And the Lord will scatter you among all the various peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth, and you will serve other gods there which you and your fathers have not known – wood and stone. | |
| Deut 28:65 | וּבַגּוֹיִ֤ם הָהֵם֙ לֹ֣א תַרְגִּ֔יעַ וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מָנ֖וֹחַ לְכַף־רַגְלֶ֑ךָ וְנָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לְךָ֥ שָׁם֙ לֵ֣ב רַגָּ֔ז וְכִלְי֥וֹן עֵינַ֖יִם וְדַֽאֲב֥וֹן נָֽפֶשׁ׃ | And you will not have quiet among those nations, and the sole of your foot will not have rest, and the Lord will give you a trembling heart there, and failing eyes, and a fainting spirit. | spirit ← soul. |
| Deut 28:66 | וְהָי֣וּ חַיֶּ֔יךָ תְּלֻאִ֥ים לְךָ֖ מִנֶּ֑גֶד וּפָֽחַדְתָּ֙ לַ֣יְלָה וְיוֹמָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תַאֲמִ֖ין בְּחַיֶּֽיךָ׃ | And your life will hang in suspense before you, and you will be in fear by night and by day, and you will not be sure of your life. | |
| Deut 28:67 | בַּבֹּ֤קֶר תֹּאמַר֙ מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן עֶ֔רֶב וּבָעֶ֥רֶב תֹּאמַ֖ר מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן בֹּ֑קֶר מִפַּ֤חַד לְבָֽבְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְחָ֔ד וּמִמַּרְאֵ֥ה עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ | In the morning you will say, ‘If only it were evening!’ and in the evening you will say, ‘If only it were morning!’ because of fear in your heart with which you will be afraid, and for the sight of your eyes which you will see. |
if only it were (2x) ← who will give?
sight of: i.e. sight seen by. |
| Deut 28:68 | וֶֽהֱשִֽׁיבְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ מִצְרַיִם֮ בָּאֳנִיּוֹת֒ בַּדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣רְתִּֽי לְךָ֔ לֹא־תֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד לִרְאֹתָ֑הּ וְהִתְמַכַּרְתֶּ֨ם שָׁ֧ם לְאֹיְבֶ֛יךָ לַעֲבָדִ֥ים וְלִשְׁפָח֖וֹת וְאֵ֥ין קֹנֶֽה׃ ס | And the Lord will bring you back to Egypt in ships, by the route about which I said to you, ‘You will not see it again’, and you will sell yourselves there to your enemies as menservants and maidservants, and no-one will buy you out.” | buy you out: [AnLx] includes a meaning of redeem. |
| Deut 28:69 Deut 29:1AV |
אֵלֶּה֩ דִבְרֵ֨י הַבְּרִ֜ית אֲֽשֶׁר־צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֗ה לִכְרֹ֛ת אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב מִלְּבַ֣ד הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת אִתָּ֖ם בְּחֹרֵֽב׃ פ | These are the words of the covenant which the Lord commanded Moses to make with the sons of Israel in the land of Moab, in addition to the covenant which he made with them at Horeb. | |
| Deut 29:1 Deut 29:2AV |
וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה לְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | Then Moses called the whole of Israel together, and he said to them, “You have seen everything that the Lord did before your eyes in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh and to all his servants and to all his land – | |
| Deut 29:2 Deut 29:3AV |
הַמַּסּוֹת֙ הַגְּדֹלֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָא֖וּ עֵינֶ֑יךָ הָאֹתֹ֧ת וְהַמֹּפְתִ֛ים הַגְּדֹלִ֖ים הָהֵֽם׃ | the great trials which your eyes have seen – those great signs and wonders. | great (second occurrence in verse): AV differs somewhat, construing the word with wonders only, which is also possible. |
| Deut 29:3 Deut 29:4AV |
וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת וְעֵינַ֥יִם לִרְא֖וֹת וְאָזְנַ֣יִם לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the Lord has not given you a heart to know or eyes to see or ears to hear up to this day. | |
| Deut 29:4 Deut 29:5AV |
וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אֶתְכֶ֛ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לֹֽא־בָל֤וּ שַׂלְמֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַֽעַלְךָ֥ לֹֽא־בָלְתָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל רַגְלֶֽךָ׃ | ‘When I led you in the desert for forty years, your clothes on you did not wear out, and your sandals did not wear out on your feet. | sandals ← sandal, standing for shoewear. |
| Deut 29:5 Deut 29:6AV |
לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אֲכַלְתֶּ֔ם וְיַ֥יִן וְשֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א שְׁתִיתֶ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You did not eat bread or drink wine or strong drink, in order that you might know that I am the Lord your God.’ | |
| Deut 29:6 Deut 29:7AV |
וַתָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֣א סִיחֹ֣ן מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶ֠שְׁבּוֹן וְע֨וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֧ן לִקְרָאתֵ֛נוּ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וַנַּכֵּֽם׃ | And you came to this place, and Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan came out to confront us in war, and we defeated them, | Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Deut 29:7 Deut 29:8AV |
וַנִּקַּח֙ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם וַנִּתְּנָ֣הּ לְנַחֲלָ֔ה לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְלַגָּדִ֑י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשִּֽׁי׃ | and we captured their land, and we gave it as an inheritance to the Reubenites and to the Gadites and to the Manassite half-tribe. | |
| Deut 29:8 Deut 29:9AV |
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔ילוּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃ פ | Now you shall keep the words of this covenant, and you shall carry them out, so that you act wisely in everything you do. |
now you shall keep: a copulative vav breaking the sequence of consecutive vavs in the previous two verses.
act wisely: AV differs (prosper), also given in [AnLx]. |
| Deut 29:9 Deut 29:10AV |
אַתֶּ֨ם נִצָּבִ֤ים הַיּוֹם֙ כֻּלְּכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם רָאשֵׁיכֶ֣ם שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרֵיכֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | You are all standing today before the Lord your God – your heads of your tribes, your elders, and your officers, and every man of Israel, | |
| Deut 29:10 Deut 29:11AV |
טַפְּכֶ֣ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם וְגֵ֣רְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֑יךָ מֵחֹטֵ֣ב עֵצֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד שֹׁאֵ֥ב מֵימֶֽיךָ׃ | your little ones, your wives, and your foreigner who is in the midst of your camp, both the hewer of your wood and the drawer of your water – | both ... and ← from ... to. See 1 Sam 15:3. |
| Deut 29:11 Deut 29:12AV |
לְעָבְרְךָ֗ בִּבְרִ֛ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּבְאָלָת֑וֹ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כֹּרֵ֥ת עִמְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | for you to enter into the covenant of the Lord your God and into his oath which the Lord your God is making with you today, | |
| Deut 29:12 Deut 29:13AV |
לְמַ֣עַן הָקִֽים־אֹתְךָ֩ הַיּ֨וֹם ׀ ל֜וֹ לְעָ֗ם וְה֤וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לָ֑ךְ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּע֙ לַאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | in order to set you up today as a people to himself, and he will be God to you, as he has said to you, and as he swore to your fathers – to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. | |
| Deut 29:13 Deut 29:14AV |
וְלֹ֥א אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְבַדְּכֶ֑ם אָנֹכִ֗י כֹּרֵת֙ אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את וְאֶת־הָאָלָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | ‘And it is not with you alone that I am making this covenant and this oath’, | |
| Deut 29:14 Deut 29:15AV |
כִּי֩ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֶשְׁנ֜וֹ פֹּ֗ה עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד הַיּ֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְאֵ֨ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵינֶ֛נּוּ פֹּ֖ה עִמָּ֥נוּ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | but with whoever is here with us standing today before the Lord our God, and with whoever is not here with us today, | |
| Deut 29:15 Deut 29:16AV |
כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֣ם יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁ֖בְנוּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֛רְנוּ בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲבַרְתֶּֽם׃ | for you know how we dwelt in the land of Egypt, and how we passed through the middle of the nations which you have passed through. | |
| Deut 29:16 Deut 29:17AV |
וַתִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־שִׁקּ֣וּצֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת גִּלֻּלֵיהֶ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן כֶּ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִמָּהֶֽם׃ | And you saw their abominations and their idols – the wood and stone, silver and gold, which they had – | |
| Deut 29:17 Deut 29:18AV |
פֶּן־יֵ֣שׁ בָּ֠כֶם אִ֣ישׁ אוֹ־אִשָּׁ֞ה א֧וֹ מִשְׁפָּחָ֣ה אוֹ־שֵׁ֗בֶט אֲשֶׁר֩ לְבָב֨וֹ פֹנֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ מֵעִם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ לָלֶ֣כֶת לַעֲבֹ֔ד אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֖י הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָהֵ֑ם פֶּן־יֵ֣שׁ בָּכֶ֗ם שֹׁ֛רֶשׁ פֹּרֶ֥ה רֹ֖אשׁ וְלַעֲנָֽה׃ | being careful in case there is among you a man or woman or family or tribe whose heart is turning away today from being with the Lord our God, by going to serve the gods of those nations, in case there is a root among you bearing poison and wormwood, | by going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 29:18 Deut 29:19AV |
וְהָיָ֡ה בְּשָׁמְעוֹ֩ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֨י הָֽאָלָ֜ה הַזֹּ֗את וְהִתְבָּרֵ֨ךְ בִּלְבָב֤וֹ לֵאמֹר֙ שָׁל֣וֹם יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֔י כִּ֛י בִּשְׁרִר֥וּת לִבִּ֖י אֵלֵ֑ךְ לְמַ֛עַן סְפ֥וֹת הָרָוָ֖ה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָֽה׃ | and it comes to pass, when he hears the words of this curse, and he blesses himself in his heart and says, ‘I will have peace, for I will walk in the obstinacy of my heart, so as to add drunkenness to thirst’, |
curse: or oath, as in Deut 29:11 (Deut 29:12AV).
obstinacy ← firmness of heart. AV differs somewhat (imagination). to add drunkenness to thirst ← to add (or destroy) satiated with thirsty. An ↴ |
| Deut 29:19 Deut 29:20AV |
לֹא־יֹאבֶ֣ה יְהוָה֮ סְלֹ֣חַֽ לוֹ֒ כִּ֣י אָ֠ז יֶעְשַׁ֨ן אַף־יְהוָ֤ה וְקִנְאָתוֹ֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְרָ֤בְצָה בּוֹ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וּמָחָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שְׁמ֔וֹ מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | that the Lord will not be willing to forgive him, for then the Lord's anger and his jealousy will fume against that man, and all the curse written in this book will rest on him, and the Lord will blot his name out from under heaven. |
↳ idiom for to add insult to injury?
curse: or oath, as in Deut 29:11 (Deut 29:12AV). rest ← lie, as sheep do in pasture. |
| Deut 29:20 Deut 29:21AV |
וְהִבְדִּיל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ לְרָעָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹל֙ אָל֣וֹת הַבְּרִ֔ית הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord will separate him from all the tribes of Israel to evil, according to all the oaths of the covenant which is written in this book of the law. | is written: grammatically referring to the covenant, not the oaths, or as in AV the curses. So AV differs. |
| Deut 29:21 Deut 29:22AV |
וְאָמַ֞ר הַדּ֣וֹר הָֽאַחֲר֗וֹן בְּנֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָק֙וּמוּ֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵיכֶ֔ם וְהַ֨נָּכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָבֹ֖א מֵאֶ֣רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֑ה וְ֠רָאוּ אֶת־מַכּ֞וֹת הָאָ֤רֶץ הַהִוא֙ וְאֶת־תַּ֣חֲלֻאֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־חִלָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בָּֽהּ׃ | And the latter generation – your sons who will arise after you – and the foreigner who comes from a far land, shall speak, when they see the blows on this land, and its sicknesses with which the Lord made it sick – | blows on ← blows of, an objective genitive. |
| Deut 29:22 Deut 29:23AV |
גָּפְרִ֣ית וָמֶלַח֮ שְׂרֵפָ֣ה כָל־אַרְצָהּ֒ לֹ֤א תִזָּרַע֙ וְלֹ֣א תַצְמִ֔חַ וְלֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה בָ֖הּ כָּל־עֵ֑שֶׂב כְּֽמַהְפֵּכַ֞ת סְדֹ֤ם וַעֲמֹרָה֙ אַדְמָ֣ה *וצביים **וּצְבוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הָפַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה בְּאַפּ֖וֹ וּבַחֲמָתֽוֹ׃ | sulphur and salt, the whole land a conflagration. It shall not be sown, and it will not support growth, and no grass will come up in it, as in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboim, which the Lord overthrew in his anger and in his fury. |
Zeboim: the ketiv is a spelling variation of the qeré.
salt: perhaps standing for saltpetre (potassium nitrate). the whole land ← its (fem.) whole land. no grass ← not ... all grass. |
| Deut 29:23 Deut 29:24AV |
וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה כָּ֖כָה לָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את מֶ֥ה חֳרִ֛י הָאַ֥ף הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה׃ | And all the nations will say, ‘Why did the Lord act so towards this land? What was the reason for the kindling of this great anger?’ | |
| Deut 29:24 Deut 29:25AV |
וְאָ֣מְר֔וּ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽזְב֔וּ אֶת־בְּרִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּרַ֣ת עִמָּ֔ם בְּהוֹצִיא֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they will say, ‘Because they forsook the covenant of the Lord God of their fathers which he made with them when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. | |
| Deut 29:25 Deut 29:26AV |
וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיַּֽעַבְדוּ֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם אֱלֹהִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּם וְלֹ֥א חָלַ֖ק לָהֶֽם׃ | And they went their way and served other gods and worshipped them – gods they did not know and which he had not apportioned to them. | |
| Deut 29:26 Deut 29:27AV |
וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑וא לְהָבִ֤יא עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַקְּלָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֥פֶר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the anger of the Lord was kindled against that land, in bringing on it the whole curse which is written in this book. | in bringing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 29:27 Deut 29:28AV |
וַיִּתְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מֵעַ֣ל אַדְמָתָ֔ם בְּאַ֥ף וּבְחֵמָ֖ה וּבְקֶ֣צֶף גָּד֑וֹל וַיַּשְׁלִכֵ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ אַחֶ֖רֶת כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord uprooted them from their land, in anger and in fury and in great wrath, and he cast them into another land, as it is at this day.’ | land ← ground. |
| Deut 29:28 Deut 29:29AV |
הַ֨נִּסְתָּרֹ֔ת לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְהַנִּגְלֹ֞ת לָ֤ׄנׄוּׄ וּׄלְׄבָׄנֵׄ֙יׄנׄוּׄ֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ ס | The hidden things of the Lord our God, and the things revealed to us and to our sons for the age, are: to carry out all the words of this law. | to us and to our sons: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. But [CB] referring to Ginsburg says that the dots belong to of the Lord our God, as sublinear dots, and that those words are spurious. In [WLC] the dots are supralinear as in our text. |
| Deut 30:1 | וְהָיָה֩ כִֽי־יָבֹ֨אוּ עָלֶ֜יךָ כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה הַבְּרָכָה֙ וְהַקְּלָלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֙ אֶל־לְבָבֶ֔ךָ בְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִדִּיחֲךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And it will be the case, when all these things come upon you – the blessing and the curse which I have put in front of you – that you will recall them in your heart, being among all the nations to which the Lord your God has driven you. | things: or words. |
| Deut 30:2 | וְשַׁבְתָּ֞ עַד־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֣ בְקֹל֔וֹ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם אַתָּ֣ה וּבָנֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And you will return to the Lord your God, and you will obey his voice, according to everything that I am commanding you today – you and your sons – with all your heart and with all your soul. | obey ← hear. |
| Deut 30:3 | וְשָׁ֨ב יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־שְׁבוּתְךָ֖ וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁ֗ב וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֱפִֽיצְךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And the Lord your God will restore your fortunes, and he will have mercy on you, and he will return and gather you from all the various peoples where the Lord your God scattered you. | restore your fortunes ← turn your captivity. |
| Deut 30:4 | אִם־יִהְיֶ֥ה נִֽדַּחֲךָ֖ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם מִשָּׁ֗ם יְקַבֶּצְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם יִקָּחֶֽךָ׃ | If one of you has been driven to the end of sky, the Lord your God will gather you from there, and he will fetch you from there. |
Matt 24:31.
one of you has been driven ← your driven one. |
| Deut 30:5 | וֶהֱבִֽיאֲךָ֞ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָרְשׁ֥וּ אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְהֵיטִֽבְךָ֥ וְהִרְבְּךָ֖ מֵאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord your God will bring you to the land which your fathers took in possession, and you will inherit it, and he will treat you well, and he will increase you more than your fathers. | |
| Deut 30:6 | וּמָ֨ל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֖ וְאֶת־לְבַ֣ב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֥ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ לְמַ֥עַן חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your progeny, with a view to you loving the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, for the sake of your life. | progeny ← seed. |
| Deut 30:7 | וְנָתַן֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָאָל֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֥יךָ וְעַל־שֹׂנְאֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רְדָפֽוּךָ׃ | And the Lord your God will place all these curses on your enemies and on those that hate you – those who persecuted you. | curses: or oaths. |
| Deut 30:8 | וְאַתָּ֣ה תָשׁ֔וּב וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And you will return and obey the voice of the Lord, and you will carry out all his commandments which I am commanding you today. | obey ← hear. |
| Deut 30:9 | וְהוֹתִֽירְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֗ךָ בִּפְרִ֨י בִטְנְךָ֜ וּבִפְרִ֧י בְהֶמְתְּךָ֛ וּבִפְרִ֥י אַדְמָתְךָ֖ לְטוֹבָ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ יָשׁ֣וּב יְהוָ֗ה לָשׂ֤וּשׂ עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ לְט֔וֹב כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֖שׂ עַל־אֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord your God will cause you to abound in every work of your hands, in the fruit of your womb and in the fruit of your cattle, and in the fruit of your land, for your welfare, for the Lord will again rejoice over you in goodness, as he rejoiced over your fathers, | hands ← hand. |
| Deut 30:10 | כִּ֣י תִשְׁמַ֗ע בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֤ר מִצְוֺתָיו֙ וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י תָשׁוּב֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ פ | when you obey the voice of the Lord your God, by keeping his commandments and his statutes, which are written in this book of the law, when you return to the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul. |
when (2x): or if. In the context of the previous two verses, when fits better.
obey ← hear. by keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 30:11 | כִּ֚י הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם לֹֽא־נִפְלֵ֥את הִוא֙ מִמְּךָ֔ וְלֹ֥א רְחֹקָ֖ה הִֽוא׃ | For this body of commandments which I am commanding you today is not too extraordinary for you, and it is not far from you. |
body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage.
extraordinary: or difficult. AV differs (hidden). |
| Deut 30:12 | לֹ֥א בַשָּׁמַ֖יִם הִ֑וא לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֤נוּ הַשָּׁמַ֙יְמָה֙ וְיִקָּחֶ֣הָ לָּ֔נוּ וְיַשְׁמִעֵ֥נוּ אֹתָ֖הּ וְנַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה׃ | It is not in heaven, with you saying, ‘Who will go up to heaven for us and fetch it for us, and proclaim it to us so that we can carry it out?’ |
Rom 10:6.
proclaim it to us: AV differs somewhat (that we may hear it), translating loosely. |
| Deut 30:13 | וְלֹֽא־מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיָּ֖ם הִ֑וא לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֣י יַעֲבָר־לָ֜נוּ אֶל־עֵ֤בֶר הַיָּם֙ וְיִקָּחֶ֣הָ לָּ֔נוּ וְיַשְׁמִעֵ֥נוּ אֹתָ֖הּ וְנַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה׃ | And it is not across the sea, with you saying, ‘Who will go across to the other side of the sea for us, to fetch it for us, and proclaim it to us, so that we can carry it out?’ |
Rom 10:7.
proclaim it to us: as in Deut 30:12. |
| Deut 30:14 | כִּֽי־קָר֥וֹב אֵלֶ֛יךָ הַדָּבָ֖ר מְאֹ֑ד בְּפִ֥יךָ וּבִֽלְבָבְךָ֖ לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃ ס | For the word is very near you, in your mouth and in your heart, for you to carry it out. | Rom 10:8. |
| Deut 30:15 | רְאֵ֨ה נָתַ֤תִּי לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֶת־הַֽחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַטּ֑וֹב וְאֶת־הַמָּ֖וֶת וְאֶת־הָרָֽע׃ | Look, I have put before you today life and prosperity, and death and adversity, | |
| Deut 30:16 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֣י מְצַוְּךָ֮ הַיּוֹם֒ לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֔יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֛ר מִצְוֺתָ֥יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑יו וְחָיִ֣יתָ וְרָבִ֔יתָ וּבֵֽרַכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | in view of which I am commanding you today to love the Lord your God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments, and his statutes, and his regulations, so that you live and multiply, and the Lord your God blesses you in the land to which you are going, to inherit it. | |
| Deut 30:17 | וְאִם־יִפְנֶ֥ה לְבָבְךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמָ֑ע וְנִדַּחְתָּ֗ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֛יתָ לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים וַעֲבַדְתָּֽם׃ | But if your heart turns aside, and you do not obey, and you are drawn away, and you worship other gods and serve them, |
obey ← hear.
drawn away ← induced, incited, but also cast out. |
| Deut 30:18 | הִגַּ֤דְתִּי לָכֶם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֥י אָבֹ֖ד תֹּאבֵד֑וּן לֹא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹבֵר֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָבֹ֥א שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | I tell you today that you will certainly perish – you will not prolong your days on the ground which you are crossing the Jordan to go to, to inherit it. |
certainly perish: infinitive absolute.
to go to ← to come to there. |
| Deut 30:19 | הַעִידֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ | I testify to you today by heaven and earth: I have put life and death, the blessing and the curse, before you, so choose life, in order that you and your seed may live, | testify: showing that this is an oath. Compare Deut 29:11 (Deut 29:12AV). |
| Deut 30:20 | לְאַֽהֲבָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ בְּקֹל֖וֹ וּלְדָבְקָה־ב֑וֹ כִּ֣י ה֤וּא חַיֶּ֙יךָ֙ וְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמֶ֔יךָ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה לַאֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֛ם לְיִצְחָ֥ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֖ב לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ פ | by loving the Lord your God, by obeying his voice and clinging to him, for he is your life and the prolongation of your days, in living on the ground which the Lord swore to your fathers – to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob – that he would give it to them.” | by loving ... by obeying ... clinging ... in living ← to love ... to hear ... to cling ... to sit / dwell. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 31:1 | וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Moses came and spoke these words to the whole of Israel, | |
| Deut 31:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם בֶּן־מֵאָה֩ וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה אָנֹכִי֙ הַיּ֔וֹם לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל ע֖וֹד לָצֵ֣את וְלָב֑וֹא וַֽיהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן הַזֶּֽה׃ | and he said to them, “I am one hundred and twenty years old today. I cannot go out and come in any more, and the Lord has said to me, ‘You shall not cross this Jordan.’ | |
| Deut 31:3 | יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ ה֣וּא ׀ עֹבֵ֣ר לְפָנֶ֗יךָ הֽוּא־יַשְׁמִ֞יד אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֛לֶּה מִלְּפָנֶ֖יךָ וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֑ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ ה֚וּא עֹבֵ֣ר לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | The Lord your God is crossing before you. He will destroy these nations in front of you, and you will dispossess them. It is Joshua who will cross over before you, as the Lord has said. | |
| Deut 31:4 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה לְסִיח֥וֹן וּלְע֛וֹג מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י וּלְאַרְצָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁמִ֖יד אֹתָֽם׃ | And the Lord will deal with them as he dealt with Sihon and with Og, kings of the Amorites, and their land, whom he destroyed. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Deut 31:5 | וּנְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָהֶ֔ם כְּכָל־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And the Lord will deliver them before you, and you will deal with them according to the whole body of commandments which I have commanded you. | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Deut 31:6 | חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ אַל־תִּֽירְא֥וּ וְאַל־תַּעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ ה֚וּא הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יַעַזְבֶֽךָּ׃ פ | Be strong and take courage; do not fear and do not be terrified of them, for it is the Lord your God who is going with you. He will not desert you nor forsake you.” | Heb 13:5. |
| Deut 31:7 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו לְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבוֹא֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תַּנְחִילֶ֥נָּה אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then Moses called out to Joshua and said to him in the sight of the whole of Israel, “Be strong and take courage, for you will go with this people to the land about which the Lord swore to their fathers that he would give it to them, and you will cause them to inherit it. | |
| Deut 31:8 | וַֽיהוָ֞ה ה֣וּא ׀ הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֑ךָּ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א וְלֹ֥א תֵחָֽת׃ | And it is the Lord who is going in front of you. He will be with you. He will not desert you nor forsake you. Do not fear and do not be afraid.” | |
| Deut 31:9 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מֹשֶׁה֮ אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֒ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֗הּ אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י הַנֹּ֣שְׂאִ֔ים אֶת־אֲר֖וֹן בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses wrote this law, and he gave it to the priests – the sons of Levi – who carry the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and to all the elders of Israel. | |
| Deut 31:10 | וַיְצַ֥ו מֹשֶׁ֖ה אוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֗ים בְּמֹעֵ֛ד שְׁנַ֥ת הַשְּׁמִטָּ֖ה בְּחַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ | And Moses commanded them and said, “At the completion of seven years, at the time of the year of remission, at the Festival of Tabernacles, | |
| Deut 31:11 | בְּב֣וֹא כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵרָאוֹת֙ אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֑ר תִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את נֶ֥גֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | when all Israel comes {P: to see the face of} [M: to appear before] the Lord your God in the place which he chooses, you shall read this law in the presence of the whole of Israel, with them hearing. |
An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= לִרְאֹת etc. which is even what [YLT] reads. The Samaritan reads to show the face. AV differs.
with them hearing ← in their ears. |
| Deut 31:12 | הַקְהֵ֣ל אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְהַנָּשִׁים֙ וְהַטַּ֔ף וְגֵרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֨עַן יִשְׁמְע֜וּ וּלְמַ֣עַן יִלְמְד֗וּ וְיָֽרְאוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְשָֽׁמְר֣וּ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Convene the people, the men and the women and the children and your foreigner who is within your gates, so that they hear and so that they learn, and they fear the Lord your God, and they ensure to carry out all the words of this law. | ensure ← guard. |
| Deut 31:13 | וּבְנֵיהֶ֞ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֗וּ יִשְׁמְעוּ֙ וְלָ֣מְד֔וּ לְיִרְאָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֤ם חַיִּים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ פ | And their sons who have not known will hear and learn to fear the Lord your God, all the days that you are alive on the ground which you are crossing the Jordan to go to, to take possession of it.” | to go to ← to there. |
| Deut 31:14 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הֵ֣ן קָרְב֣וּ יָמֶיךָ֮ לָמוּת֒ קְרָ֣א אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֛וּ בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וַאֲצַוֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ מֹשֶׁה֙ וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “Look, the days are approaching for you to die. Call for Joshua and both of you stand in the tent of contact, and I will command him.” So Moses and Joshua went and stood in the tent of contact. |
the days ... for you to die ← your days ... to die.
both of you stand: the verb is plural. the tent of contact (2x): see Ex 27:21. |
| Deut 31:15 | וַיֵּרָ֧א יְהוָ֛ה בָּאֹ֖הֶל בְּעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֑ן וַיַּעֲמֹ֛ד עַמּ֥וּד הֶעָנָ֖ן עַל־פֶּ֥תַח הָאֹֽהֶל׃ ס | And the Lord appeared in the tent in a column of cloud, and the column of cloud stood at the entrance to the tent. | |
| Deut 31:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְּךָ֥ שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְקָם֩ הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה וְזָנָ֣ה ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵֽכַר־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא בָא־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַעֲזָבַ֕נִי וְהֵפֵר֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖תִּי אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said to Moses, “You are about to lie down with your fathers, but the people will rise up and go whoring after the gods of the foreigner of the land who has come there in their midst, and they will forsake me and break my covenant which I made with them. |
you are about to ← behold you.
they ... them ← he ... him, referring to the people. Similarly in the next verses. |
| Deut 31:17 | וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֣י ב֣וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא וַעֲזַבְתִּ֞ים וְהִסְתַּרְתִּ֨י פָנַ֤י מֵהֶם֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לֶֽאֱכֹ֔ל וּמְצָאֻ֛הוּ רָע֥וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְצָר֑וֹת וְאָמַר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא הֲלֹ֗א עַ֣ל כִּֽי־אֵ֤ין אֱלֹהַי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י מְצָא֖וּנִי הָרָע֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And my anger will be kindled against them on that day, and I will leave them and hide my face from them, and they will be for devouring, and many distressful evils will befall them, and they will say on that day, ‘Is it not because my God is not in my midst that these evils have befallen me?’ | for devouring: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Deut 31:18 | וְאָנֹכִ֗י הַסְתֵּ֨ר אַסְתִּ֤יר פָּנַי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא עַ֥ל כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה כִּ֣י פָנָ֔ה אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | But I will definitely hide my face on that day, because of all the evil which they will have done, for they will have turned to other gods. | definitely hide: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 31:19 | וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּתְב֤וּ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְלַמְּדָ֥הּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שִׂימָ֣הּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן תִּהְיֶה־לִּ֜י הַשִּׁירָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את לְעֵ֖ד בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So now, write this song for yourselves and teach it to the sons of Israel. Put it in their mouths so that I have this song as a testimony among the sons of Israel. |
mouths ← mouth.
among: or, as AV, against. So AV differs. |
| Deut 31:20 | כִּֽי־אֲבִיאֶ֜נּוּ אֶֽל־הָאֲדָמָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי לַאֲבֹתָ֗יו זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ וְאָכַ֥ל וְשָׂבַ֖ע וְדָשֵׁ֑ן וּפָנָ֞ה אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ וַעֲבָד֔וּם וְנִ֣אֲצ֔וּנִי וְהֵפֵ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃ | For I will bring them into the land about which I swore to his fathers, flowing with milk and honey, but they will eat and be satisfied, and they will grow fat, and they will turn to other gods and serve them, and they will despise me and break my covenant. |
land ← ground.
his: i.e. Israel (the man's). AV differs (their). |
| Deut 31:21 | וְ֠הָיָה כִּֽי־תִמְצֶ֨אןָ אֹת֜וֹ רָע֣וֹת רַבּוֹת֮ וְצָרוֹת֒ וְ֠עָנְתָה הַשִּׁירָ֨ה הַזֹּ֤את לְפָנָיו֙ לְעֵ֔ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכַ֖ח מִפִּ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ כִּ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־יִצְר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא עֹשֶׂה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי׃ | And it will come to pass that many distressful evils will befall them, and this song will give testimony in their presence as a witness, for it shall not be forgotten from the mouth of their progeny, for I know their scheming which they are devising today, before I bring them into the land about which I swore.” |
progeny ← seed.
devising ← doing. |
| Deut 31:22 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַשִּׁירָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַֽיְלַמְּדָ֖הּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses wrote this song on that day, and he taught it to the sons of Israel. | |
| Deut 31:23 | וַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וַיֹּאמֶר֮ חֲזַ֣ק וֶֽאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבִיא֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי לָהֶ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And he commanded Joshua the son of Nun and said, “Be strong and take courage, for you will bring the sons of Israel to the land about which I swore to them, and I will be with you.” | |
| Deut 31:24 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת מֹשֶׁ֗ה לִכְתֹּ֛ב אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את עַל־סֵ֑פֶר עַ֖ד תֻּמָּֽם׃ | And it came to pass when Moses had finished writing the words of this law in a book, in their entirety, | |
| Deut 31:25 | וַיְצַ֤ו מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם נֹ֥שְׂאֵ֛י אֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | that Moses commanded the Levites, who carry the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and he said, | |
| Deut 31:26 | לָקֹ֗חַ אֵ֣ת סֵ֤פֶר הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וְשַׂמְתֶּ֣ם אֹת֔וֹ מִצַּ֛ד אֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָֽיָה־שָׁ֥ם בְּךָ֖ לְעֵֽד׃ | “Take this book of the law, and put it beside the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and it will be there as a testimony to you. | to you: or, ≈ as AV, against you. So AV differs. |
| Deut 31:27 | כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶֽת־מֶרְיְךָ֔ וְאֶֽת־עָרְפְּךָ֖ הַקָּשֶׁ֑ה הֵ֣ן בְּעוֹדֶנִּי֩ חַ֨י עִמָּכֶ֜ם הַיּ֗וֹם מַמְרִ֤ים הֱיִתֶם֙ עִם־יְהֹוָ֔ה וְאַ֖ף כִּי־אַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹתִֽי׃ | For I know your recalcitrance and your stiff neck. Look, with me being still alive with you today, you have been recalcitrant with the Lord, so how much more after my death? | |
| Deut 31:28 | הַקְהִ֧ילוּ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֔ם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Convene around me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, and I will speak these words with them hearing, and I will cause heaven and earth to testify to them, |
around ← to.
with them hearing ← in their ears. to them: or against them. |
| Deut 31:29 | כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי אַחֲרֵ֤י מוֹתִי֙ כִּֽי־הַשְׁחֵ֣ת תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן וְסַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְקָרָ֨את אֶתְכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעָה֙ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֔ים כִּֽי־תַעֲשׂ֤וּ אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהַכְעִיס֖וֹ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיכֶֽם׃ | for I know that after my death you will certainly act corruptly and depart from the way which I have commanded you, and evil will befall you in the latter days, for you will do evil in the eyes of the Lord, so as to provoke him to anger with the work of your hands.” | certainly act corruptly: infinitive absolute. |
| Deut 31:30 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּאָזְנֵי֙ כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשִּׁירָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את עַ֖ד תֻּמָּֽם׃ פ | Then Moses spoke the words of this song in their entirety in the audience of the whole convocation of Israel. | audience ← ears. |
| Deut 32:1 | הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ אִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
“Give ear, O heaven, And let me speak. And hear, O earth, The words of my mouth. |
|
| Deut 32:2 | יַעֲרֹ֤ף כַּמָּטָר֙ לִקְחִ֔י תִּזַּ֥ל כַּטַּ֖ל אִמְרָתִ֑י כִּשְׂעִירִ֣ם עֲלֵי־דֶ֔שֶׁא וְכִרְבִיבִ֖ים עֲלֵי־עֵֽשֶׂב׃ |
My instruction will condense like rain – My discourse will distil like dew – Like showers on grass And like fine rain on herbage, |
|
| Deut 32:3 | כִּ֛י שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א הָב֥וּ גֹ֖דֶל לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
For I will proclaim the name of the Lord. Attribute greatness to our God! |
|
| Deut 32:4 | הַצּוּר֙ תָּמִ֣ים פָּעֳל֔וֹ כִּ֥י כָל־דְּרָכָ֖יו מִשְׁפָּ֑ט אֵ֤ל אֱמוּנָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין עָ֔וֶל צַדִּ֥יק וְיָשָׁ֖ר הֽוּא׃ |
He is the rock; His work is perfect, For all his ways Are justice itself. A God of faithfulness And without iniquity, Righteous and upright Is he. |
he is the rock: proleptic. We could translate as The rock – his work (is) perfect. |
| Deut 32:5 | שִׁחֵ֥ת ל֛וֹ לֹ֖א בָּנָ֣יו מוּמָ֑ם דּ֥וֹר עִקֵּ֖שׁ וּפְתַלְתֹּֽל׃ |
A perverse and crooked generation Has corrupted itself. With their blemish, They are not his sons. |
|
| Deut 32:6 | הֲ־לַיְהוָה֙ תִּגְמְלוּ־זֹ֔את עַ֥ם נָבָ֖ל וְלֹ֣א חָכָ֑ם הֲלוֹא־הוּא֙ אָבִ֣יךָ קָּנֶ֔ךָ ה֥וּא עָֽשְׂךָ֖ וַֽיְכֹנְנֶֽךָ׃ |
Do you recompense the Lord with this, O foolish and unwise people? Is not he your father, Who purchased you? – The one who made you And fashioned you? |
the one who ← he. |
| Deut 32:7 | זְכֹר֙ יְמ֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם בִּ֖ינוּ שְׁנ֣וֹת דּוֹר־וָד֑וֹר שְׁאַ֤ל אָבִ֙יךָ֙ וְיַגֵּ֔דְךָ זְקֵנֶ֖יךָ וְיֹ֥אמְרוּ לָֽךְ׃ |
Remember the days of old; Discern the years Of generation after generation. Ask your father, And let him inform you – Your elders, And let them tell you – |
remember the days of old (etc.): compare Ps 77:6 (Ps 77:5AV).
of old ← of the age. after ← and. |
| Deut 32:8 | בְּהַנְחֵ֤ל עֶלְיוֹן֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם בְּהַפְרִיד֖וֹ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם יַצֵּב֙ גְּבֻלֹ֣ת עַמִּ֔ים לְמִסְפַּ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Of when the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, Of when he separated the sons of Adam And appointed the borders of the various peoples According to the number of the sons of Israel. |
|
| Deut 32:9 | כִּ֛י חֵ֥לֶק יְהֹוָ֖ה עַמּ֑וֹ יַעֲקֹ֖ב חֶ֥בֶל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ |
For the portion of the Lord is his people. Jacob is the legacy of his inheritance. |
legacy ← portion measured out. |
| Deut 32:10 | יִמְצָאֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִדְבָּ֔ר וּבְתֹ֖הוּ יְלֵ֣ל יְשִׁמֹ֑ן יְסֹֽבְבֶ֙נְהוּ֙ יְב֣וֹנְנֵ֔הוּ יִצְּרֶ֖נְהוּ כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֽוֹ׃ |
He found him in a desert land And in the howling desolation of a wasteland. He encircled him and instructed him; He guarded him as the apple of his eye, |
howling desolation of a wasteland ← a desolation, a howling of wasteland.
encircled: AV differs somewhat (led about), not sanctioned by [AnLx] or [BDB]. |
| Deut 32:11 | כְּנֶ֙שֶׁר֙ יָעִ֣יר קִנּ֔וֹ עַל־גּוֹזָלָ֖יו יְרַחֵ֑ף יִפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפָיו֙ יִקָּחֵ֔הוּ יִשָּׂאֵ֖הוּ עַל־אֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃ |
As an eagle stirs up its nest And flutters over its young And spreads its wings And takes them And carries them on its pinion. |
them (2x) ← him. |
| Deut 32:12 | יְהוָ֖ה בָּדָ֣ד יַנְחֶ֑נּוּ וְאֵ֥ין עִמּ֖וֹ אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃ |
The Lord alone leads him, And there is no foreign god with him. |
|
| Deut 32:13 | יַרְכִּבֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־*במותי **בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֔רֶץ וַיֹּאכַ֖ל תְּנוּבֹ֣ת שָׂדָ֑י וַיֵּנִקֵ֤הֽוּ דְבַשׁ֙ מִסֶּ֔לַע וְשֶׁ֖מֶן מֵחַלְמִ֥ישׁ צֽוּר׃ |
He made him ride on the heights of the earth, And he ate the produce of the field, And he gave him honey To suck from the rock, And oil from the flinty outcrop, |
on the heights: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
flinty outcrop ← flint of rock / outcrop, a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Deut 32:14 | חֶמְאַ֨ת בָּקָ֜ר וַחֲלֵ֣ב צֹ֗אן עִם־חֵ֨לֶב כָּרִ֜ים וְאֵילִ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־בָשָׁן֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים עִם־חֵ֖לֶב כִּלְי֣וֹת חִטָּ֑ה וְדַם־עֵנָ֖ב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָֽמֶר׃ |
And butter from cattle, And milk from sheep, With the fat of fatted lambs, And rams of the Bashan breed, And goats with fat, And choice wheat. And from the juice of the grape One may drink wine. |
of the Bashan breed ← sons of Bashan.
with fat: AV differs in association of the words. choice wheat ← kidneys of wheat. juice ← blood. one ← you. |
| Deut 32:15 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ן יְשֻׁרוּן֙ וַיִּבְעָ֔ט שָׁמַ֖נְתָּ עָבִ֣יתָ כָּשִׂ֑יתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ֙ אֱל֣וֹהַ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וַיְנַבֵּ֖ל צ֥וּר יְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃ |
But Jeshurun became fat and recalcitrant – You became fat, you became indifferent; You became apathetic. And he forsook God Who made him, And he despised The rock of his salvation. |
Jeshurun: i.e. Israel. See [CB].
became ... recalcitrant ← kicked. indifferent ← thick. apathetic ← fat-covered. |
| Deut 32:16 | יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃ |
They provoked him to jealousy With foreign customs. They provoked him to anger With abominations. |
foreign customs: AV differs, supplying gods. |
| Deut 32:17 | יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
They sacrificed to demons, – Not to God – To gods that they had not known – New ones that had recently arrived – Whom your fathers never reverenced. |
1 Cor 10:20.
never reverenced ← did not reverence. |
| Deut 32:18 | צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃ |
You became oblivious to the rock That begot you, And you forgot the God Who brought you forth. |
became oblivious: the possible roots שָׁיָה, שָׁהָה and נָשָׁה all mean to forget or to neglect. |
| Deut 32:19 | וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּנְאָ֑ץ מִכַּ֥עַס בָּנָ֖יו וּבְנֹתָֽיו׃ |
And the Lord saw it And despised it Because of the provocation to anger Of his sons and daughters. |
|
| Deut 32:20 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַסְתִּ֤ירָה פָנַי֙ מֵהֶ֔ם אֶרְאֶ֖ה מָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֑ם כִּ֣י ד֤וֹר תַּהְפֻּכֹת֙ הֵ֔מָּה בָּנִ֖ים לֹא־אֵמֻ֥ן בָּֽם׃ |
And he said, ‘I will hide my face from them; I will see what their final state is, For they are a generation of perversities – Sons in whom there is no faithfulness. |
|
| Deut 32:21 | הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּג֥וֹי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃ |
They have provoked me to jealousy With that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger With their idols. So I shall provoke them to jealousy With those who are not a people. By a foolish nation I will provoke them to anger. |
Rom 10:19. |
| Deut 32:22 | כִּי־אֵשׁ֙ קָדְחָ֣ה בְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּיקַ֖ד עַד־שְׁא֣וֹל תַּחְתִּ֑ית וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וִֽיבֻלָ֔הּ וַתְּלַהֵ֖ט מוֹסְדֵ֥י הָרִֽים׃ |
For a fire has been kindled in my anger, And it is burning Down to the lower underworld, And it will consume The earth and its produce, And it will ignite The foundations of mountains. |
|
| Deut 32:23 | אַסְפֶּ֥ה עָלֵ֖ימוֹ רָע֑וֹת חִצַּ֖י אֲכַלֶּה־בָּֽם׃ |
I will heap evils on them; I will expend my arrows on them. |
|
| Deut 32:24 | מְזֵ֥י רָעָ֛ב וּלְחֻ֥מֵי רֶ֖שֶׁף וְקֶ֣טֶב מְרִירִ֑י וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמוֹת֙ אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּ֔ם עִם־חֲמַ֖ת זֹחֲלֵ֥י עָפָֽר׃ |
When they are exhausted by famine And consumed by inflammation And a bitter pestilence, I will send against them the tooth of beasts With the venom of the reptiles of the dust. |
when: this comes from the vav in the word for tooth. |
| Deut 32:25 | מִחוּץ֙ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶ֔רֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִ֖ים אֵימָ֑ה גַּם־בָּחוּר֙ גַּם־בְּתוּלָ֔ה יוֹנֵ֖ק עִם־אִ֥ישׁ שֵׂיבָֽה׃ |
Out of doors the sword And indoors terror Will bereave them – Both the young man and the young maiden, And the baby With the grey-haired old man. |
|
| Deut 32:26 | אָמַ֖רְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶ֑ם אַשְׁבִּ֥יתָה מֵאֱנ֖וֹשׁ זִכְרָֽם׃ |
I would have said That I would blow them away; I would have made the memory of them Cease among mankind, |
among mankind ← from mankind. |
| Deut 32:27 | לוּלֵ֗י כַּ֤עַס אוֹיֵב֙ אָג֔וּר פֶּֽן־יְנַכְּר֖וּ צָרֵ֑ימוֹ פֶּן־יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ יָדֵ֣ינוּ רָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה פָּעַ֥ל כָּל־זֹֽאת׃ |
Except that I feared the provocation of the enemy, That their adversaries would mistake the situation – That they would say, «Our power is great And it is not the Lord Who did all this.» |
mistake the situation: AV differs (behave themselves strangely).
power ← hand. is great ← is high. |
| Deut 32:28 | כִּי־ג֛וֹי אֹבַ֥ד עֵצ֖וֹת הֵ֑מָּה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם תְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
For they are a people devoid of counsel, And there is no understanding among them.’ |
|
| Deut 32:29 | ל֥וּ חָכְמ֖וּ יַשְׂכִּ֣ילוּ זֹ֑את יָבִ֖ינוּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽם׃ |
If only they would become wise And prudent in this respect, That they would understand their final state. |
|
| Deut 32:30 | אֵיכָ֞ה יִרְדֹּ֤ף אֶחָד֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יָנִ֣יסוּ רְבָבָ֑ה אִם־לֹא֙ כִּי־צוּרָ֣ם מְכָרָ֔ם וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִסְגִּירָֽם׃ |
How can one pursue a thousand And two put ten thousand to flight, If it is not that their rock has sold them, And that the Lord has delivered them up? |
|
| Deut 32:31 | כִּ֛י לֹ֥א כְצוּרֵ֖נוּ צוּרָ֑ם וְאֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ פְּלִילִֽים׃ |
For their rock Is not like our rock, Even our enemies Are judges of that. |
even: adverbial use of the vav. |
| Deut 32:32 | כִּֽי־מִגֶּ֤פֶן סְדֹם֙ גַּפְנָ֔ם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲנָבֵ֙מוֹ֙ עִנְּבֵי־ר֔וֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת מְרֹרֹ֖ת לָֽמוֹ׃ |
For their vine is a vine from Sodom And from blasted vineyards of Gomorrah. Their grapes are grapes of hemlock. Grape-bunches of bitter taste Are what they have. |
|
| Deut 32:33 | חֲמַ֥ת תַּנִּינִ֖ם יֵינָ֑ם וְרֹ֥אשׁ פְּתָנִ֖ים אַכְזָֽר׃ |
Their wine is venom from serpents And cruel poison from vipers. |
serpents: not the same word as in Gen 3:1. The word may also mean crocodile [AnLx]. |
| Deut 32:34 | הֲלֹא־ה֖וּא כָּמֻ֣ס עִמָּדִ֑י חָתֻ֖ם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃ |
Is it not laid up in store with me, Sealed up in my treasuries? |
|
| Deut 32:35 | לִ֤י נָקָם֙ וְשִׁלֵּ֔ם לְעֵ֖ת תָּמ֣וּט רַגְלָ֑ם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם אֵידָ֔ם וְחָ֖שׁ עֲתִדֹ֥ת לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Vengeance and retribution are mine. Their foot will totter in due course, For the day of their calamity is near, And their future hastens on. |
Rom 12:19, Heb 10:30. |
| Deut 32:36 | כִּֽי־יָדִ֤ין יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִתְנֶחָ֑ם כִּ֤י יִרְאֶה֙ כִּי־אָ֣זְלַת יָ֔ד וְאֶ֖פֶס עָצ֥וּר וְעָזֽוּב׃ |
For the Lord will judge his people, And he will have compassion on his servants, For he will see that their power has gone, And that they are nothing but shut in And abandoned. |
Heb 10:30.
the Lord will judge his people (etc.): compare Ps 135:14. power ← hand. has gone: in an Aramaic form. nothing but shut in and abandoned: or not defended and protected. See ↴ |
| Deut 32:37 | וְאָמַ֖ר אֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ימוֹ צ֖וּר חָסָ֥יוּ בֽוֹ׃ |
And he will say, ‘Where are their gods – The rock in which they trusted – |
↳ [CB] and Ex 23:5. AV differs (there is none shut up). |
| Deut 32:38 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר חֵ֤לֶב זְבָחֵ֙ימוֹ֙ יֹאכֵ֔לוּ יִשְׁתּ֖וּ יֵ֣ין נְסִיכָ֑ם יָק֙וּמוּ֙ וְיַעְזְרֻכֶ֔ם יְהִ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם סִתְרָֽה׃ |
Their gods who consumed the fat of their sacrifices And drank the wine of their libations? Let them arise and help you; Let there be protection over you.’ |
libations ← libation. |
| Deut 32:39 | רְא֣וּ ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּדִ֑י אֲנִ֧י אָמִ֣ית וַאֲחַיֶּ֗ה מָחַ֙צְתִּי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶרְפָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּֽיל׃ |
See now that I myself am he, And there is no god with me. I put to death, and I give life. I dash to pieces, and I heal, And there is no-one Who delivers from my hand. |
I dash to pieces, and I heal: compare with Job 5:18. |
| Deut 32:40 | כִּֽי־אֶשָּׂ֥א אֶל־שָׁמַ֖יִם יָדִ֑י וְאָמַ֕רְתִּי חַ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י לְעֹלָֽם׃ |
For I have raised my hand to heaven, And I have stated That I live age-abidingly. |
raised my hand: i.e. sworn. |
| Deut 32:41 | אִם־שַׁנּוֹתִי֙ בְּרַ֣ק חַרְבִּ֔י וְתֹאחֵ֥ז בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט יָדִ֑י אָשִׁ֤יב נָקָם֙ לְצָרָ֔י וְלִמְשַׂנְאַ֖י אֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
If I sharpen my glittering sword, And my hand takes hold of it in judgment, I will take vengeance on my adversaries, And I will repay those who hate me. |
my glittering sword ← the glitter / lightning of my sword. A reverse Hebraic genitive.
takes hold of it: AV differs, not supplying “it”. take ← return. |
| Deut 32:42 | אַשְׁכִּ֤יר חִצַּי֙ מִדָּ֔ם וְחַרְבִּ֖י תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֑ר מִדַּ֤ם חָלָל֙ וְשִׁבְיָ֔ה מֵרֹ֖אשׁ פַּרְע֥וֹת אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
I will make my arrows Drunk with blood, And my sword will consume flesh With the blood of the slain, And of captives, And from the chief of the leaders of the enemy. |
leaders: as [CB]. AV differs (revenges). [AnLx] offers both meanings. |
| Deut 32:43 | הַרְנִ֤ינוּ גוֹיִם֙ עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י דַם־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִקּ֑וֹם וְנָקָם֙ יָשִׁ֣יב לְצָרָ֔יו וְכִפֶּ֥ר אַדְמָת֖וֹ עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ |
Shout for joy, O nations and his people, For he will avenge The blood of his servants, And he will retribute vengeance On his adversaries, And he will reconcile his land, And his people.” |
Rom 15:10, Rev 19:2. The LXX includes let all the angels of God worship him in this verse, which is present in Heb 1:6. |
| Deut 32:44 | וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשִּׁירָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם ה֖וּא וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ | Then Moses came and spoke all the words of this song with the people hearing – he and Joshua the son of Nun. |
with the people hearing ← in the ears of the people.
Joshua: AV= Hoshea here, as the Hebrew, which is a shortened form of Joshua. |
| Deut 32:45 | וַיְכַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה לְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Moses finished speaking all these words to the whole of Israel. | |
| Deut 32:46 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ לְבַבְכֶ֔ם לְכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵעִ֥יד בָּכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תְּצַוֻּם֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And he said to them, “Be attentive to all the words which I am testifying to you today, in that you shall command your sons to ensure to carry out all the words of this law. |
be attentive ← set your heart.
ensure ← guard. |
| Deut 32:47 | כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דָבָ֨ר רֵ֥ק הוּא֙ מִכֶּ֔ם כִּי־ה֖וּא חַיֵּיכֶ֑ם וּבַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ פ | For it is not a trivial matter for you, for it is your life, and by this matter you will prolong your days on the land which you are crossing the Jordan to go to, so as to take possession of it.” |
trivial ← empty, vain; worthless.
land ← ground. |
| Deut 32:48 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּעֶ֛צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Moses on this same day and said, | |
| Deut 32:49 | עֲלֵ֡ה אֶל־הַר֩ הָעֲבָרִ֨ים הַזֶּ֜ה הַר־נְב֗וֹ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֑וֹ וּרְאֵה֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃ | “Go to this Mount Abarim, Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, which is opposite Jericho, and see the land of Canaan which I am giving the sons of Israel as a possession, | |
| Deut 32:50 | וּמֻ֗ת בָּהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עֹלֶ֣ה שָׁ֔מָּה וְהֵאָסֵ֖ף אֶל־עַמֶּ֑יךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־מֵ֞ת אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃ | and die on the mountain which you are going up to, and be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother died on Mount Hor, and he was gathered to his people, | people (2x) ← peoples. |
| Deut 32:51 | עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְעַלְתֶּ֜ם בִּ֗י בְּתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּמֵֽי־מְרִיבַ֥ת קָדֵ֖שׁ מִדְבַּר־צִ֑ן עַ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־קִדַּשְׁתֶּם֙ אוֹתִ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | because you dealt treacherously with me among the sons of Israel at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh, in the Desert of Zin, because you did not sanctify me among the sons of Israel. | you (2x): plural. |
| Deut 32:52 | כִּ֥י מִנֶּ֖גֶד תִּרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תָב֔וֹא אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֖ן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | So you will see the land ahead, but you will not go there, to the land which I am giving the sons of Israel. | |
| Deut 33:1 | וְזֹ֣את הַבְּרָכָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ מֹשֶׁ֛ה אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לִפְנֵ֖י מוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And this is the blessing with which Moses, a man of God, blessed the sons of Israel before his death. | |
| Deut 33:2 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה מִסִּינַ֥י בָּא֙ וְזָרַ֤ח מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ לָ֔מוֹ הוֹפִ֙יעַ֙ מֵהַ֣ר פָּארָ֔ן וְאָתָ֖ה מֵרִבְבֹ֣ת קֹ֑דֶשׁ מִֽימִינ֕וֹ *אשדת **אֵ֥שׁ **דָּ֖ת לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And he said,
The Lord came from Sinai, And he arose to them from Seir. He shone from Mount Paran, And he came from tens of thousands of holy ones. On his right hand side Was a fiery mandate for them. |
fiery mandate ← a fire of a mandate, a reverse Hebraic genitive. The ketiv writes this as one word, the qeré as two.
Jude 1:14. |
| Deut 33:3 | אַ֚ף חֹבֵ֣ב עַמִּ֔ים כָּל־קְדֹשָׁ֖יו בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהֵם֙ תֻּכּ֣וּ לְרַגְלֶ֔ךָ יִשָּׂ֖א מִדַּבְּרֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
He very much loves the various peoples; All his holy ones are in your hand. And they are set down at your feet, Where one is elevated by your discourses. |
feet ← foot.
is elevated by: AV differs (shall receive of). |
| Deut 33:4 | תּוֹרָ֥ה צִוָּה־לָ֖נוּ מֹשֶׁ֑ה מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה קְהִלַּ֥ת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
Moses commanded us a law – A legacy of the convocation of Jacob. |
|
| Deut 33:5 | וַיְהִ֥י בִישֻׁר֖וּן מֶ֑לֶךְ בְּהִתְאַסֵּף֙ רָ֣אשֵׁי עָ֔ם יַ֖חַד שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And he became king in Jeshurun, Where the heads of the people were gathered Together with the tribes of Israel. |
he: i.e. the Lord.
Jeshurun: see Deut 32:15. |
| Deut 33:6 | יְחִ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן וְאַל־יָמֹ֑ת וִיהִ֥י מְתָ֖יו מִסְפָּֽר׃ ס |
‘May Reuben live and not die, And may his men not be few in number.’ |
and ... not: negatory use of the vav, after a preceding negation. |
| Deut 33:7 | וְזֹ֣את לִֽיהוּדָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ שְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ ק֣וֹל יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־עַמּ֖וֹ תְּבִיאֶ֑נּוּ יָדָיו֙ רָ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְעֵ֥זֶר מִצָּרָ֖יו תִּהְיֶֽה׃ ס |
Now this is concerning Judah, and he said, ‘Hear, O Lord, the voice of Judah, And bring him to his people. May his abilities be of great service to him, And may you be a help from his adversaries.’ |
concerning: or to or for. Applicable to the other tribes in this chapter. The preposition לְ means concerning / about in, e.g., Judg 9:54, Ps 3:3 (Ps 3:2AV), Ps 41:6 (Ps 41:5AV).
abilities ← hands. adversaries: or adversities. |
| Deut 33:8 | וּלְלֵוִ֣י אָמַ֔ר תֻּמֶּ֥יךָ וְאוּרֶ֖יךָ לְאִ֣ישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִסִּיתוֹ֙ בְּמַסָּ֔ה תְּרִיבֵ֖הוּ עַל־מֵ֥י מְרִיבָֽה׃ |
And concerning Levi he said, ‘May your Thummim and Urim be with your gracious man Whom you tested at Massah, With whom you contended At the waters of Meribah. |
Thummim and Urim: see Ex 28:30.
your gracious man: i.e. the high priest [CB]. |
| Deut 33:9 | הָאֹמֵ֞ר לְאָבִ֤יו וּלְאִמּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א רְאִיתִ֔יו וְאֶת־אֶחָיו֙ לֹ֣א הִכִּ֔יר וְאֶת־*בנו **בָּנָ֖יו לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע כִּ֤י שָֽׁמְרוּ֙ אִמְרָתֶ֔ךָ וּבְרִֽיתְךָ֖ יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃ |
And he said concerning his father and his mother, «I have not seen him», And he did not recognize his brothers, Nor know his {K: son} [Q: sons]. For they kept your word And maintained your covenant. |
|
| Deut 33:10 | יוֹר֤וּ מִשְׁפָּטֶ֙יךָ֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וְתוֹרָתְךָ֖ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יָשִׂ֤ימוּ קְטוֹרָה֙ בְּאַפֶּ֔ךָ וְכָלִ֖יל עַֽל־מִזְבְּחֶֽךָ׃ |
They will teach your judgments to Jacob And your law to Israel. They will put incense to your nose And a complete burnt offering on your altar. |
to your nose: AV differs somewhat (before thee), also possible by metonymy. |
| Deut 33:11 | בָּרֵ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ חֵיל֔וֹ וּפֹ֥עַל יָדָ֖יו תִּרְצֶ֑ה מְחַ֨ץ מָתְנַ֧יִם קָמָ֛יו וּמְשַׂנְאָ֖יו מִן־יְקוּמֽוּן׃ ס |
Bless, O Lord, his wealth, And accept the works of his hands. Crush the loins of those Who rise up against him And those who hate him, So that they cannot rise up.’ |
so that they cannot rise up ← from (that) they shall rise up. |
| Deut 33:12 | לְבִנְיָמִ֣ן אָמַ֔ר יְדִ֣יד יְהֹוָ֔ה יִשְׁכֹּ֥ן לָבֶ֖טַח עָלָ֑יו חֹפֵ֤ף עָלָיו֙ כָּל־הַיּ֔וֹם וּבֵ֥ין כְּתֵיפָ֖יו שָׁכֵֽן׃ ס |
Concerning Benjamin he said, ‘The beloved of the Lord Will dwell in safety with him, As he protects him all day, And he dwells between his shoulders.’ |
|
| Deut 33:13 | וּלְיוֹסֵ֣ף אָמַ֔ר מְבֹרֶ֥כֶת יְהֹוָ֖ה אַרְצ֑וֹ מִמֶּ֤גֶד שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִטָּ֔ל וּמִתְּה֖וֹם רֹבֶ֥צֶת תָּֽחַת׃ |
And concerning Joseph he said, ‘May his land be blessed by the Lord With the preciousness of heaven – with dew – And with the depth which lies underneath, |
by ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Deut 33:14 | וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד תְּבוּאֹ֣ת שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גֶּ֥רֶשׁ יְרָחִֽים׃ |
And with the preciousness Of the produce of the sun, And with the preciousness Of the yield of many moons, |
|
| Deut 33:15 | וּמֵרֹ֖אשׁ הַרְרֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גִּבְע֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ |
From the peak of the mountains of olden time, And from the preciousness Of the age-old hills, |
olden time: or the east. |
| Deut 33:16 | וּמִמֶּ֗גֶד אֶ֚רֶץ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ וּרְצ֥וֹן שֹׁכְנִ֖י סְנֶ֑ה תָּב֙וֹאתָה֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ יוֹסֵ֔ף וּלְקָדְקֹ֖ד נְזִ֥יר אֶחָֽיו׃ |
And with the preciousness Of the earth and its fulness, And acceptance by him Who dwelt in the bush. Let this come upon Joseph's head, And on the Nazarite crown of the head of his brothers. |
let this come: the verb is in an anomalous form, See [Ges-HG] §76h, 48d. Re-pointed as תְּבוּאָתָהּ it means (let) its produce (be).
by ← of. Wider use of the construct state. upon Joseph's head (etc.): compare Gen 49:26. |
| Deut 33:17 | בְּכ֨וֹר שׁוֹר֜וֹ הָדָ֣ר ל֗וֹ וְקַרְנֵ֤י רְאֵם֙ קַרְנָ֔יו בָּהֶ֗ם עַמִּ֛ים יְנַגַּ֥ח יַחְדָּ֖ו אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵם֙ רִבְב֣וֹת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהֵ֖ם אַלְפֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ ס |
May the firstlings of his oxen Be to his glory, And may his horns Be as the horns of the buffalo. With them he shall butt Various peoples all at once At the ends of the earth. And they are the tens of thousands of Ephraim And they are the thousands of Manasseh.’ |
Ephraim: the larger number accords with the meaning of his name, fruitful, or double fruit. |
| Deut 33:18 | וְלִזְבוּלֻ֣ן אָמַ֔ר שְׂמַ֥ח זְבוּלֻ֖ן בְּצֵאתֶ֑ךָ וְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר בְּאֹהָלֶֽיךָ׃ |
And concerning Zebulun he said, ‘Rejoice, Zebulun, when you go out, And Issachar, in your tents. |
|
| Deut 33:19 | עַמִּים֙ הַר־יִקְרָ֔אוּ שָׁ֖ם יִזְבְּח֣וּ זִבְחֵי־צֶ֑דֶק כִּ֣י שֶׁ֤פַע יַמִּים֙ יִינָ֔קוּ וּשְׂפוּנֵ֖י טְמ֥וּנֵי חֽוֹל׃ ס |
They shall call various peoples to the mountain; There they will offer righteous sacrifices, For they will ingest the abundance of the seas, And the hidden treasures of the sand.’ |
offer ← sacrifice.
ingest ← suck. hidden treasures ← hidden (things) of buried (things), where buried has connotations of treasure. |
| Deut 33:20 | וּלְגָ֣ד אָמַ֔ר בָּר֖וּךְ מַרְחִ֣יב גָּ֑ד כְּלָבִ֣יא שָׁכֵ֔ן וְטָרַ֥ף זְר֖וֹעַ אַף־קָדְקֹֽד׃ |
And concerning Gad he said, ‘Blessed is he who enlarges Gad. He dwells like a lion, And he tears off an arm, Or even the crown of the head. |
or even: AV differs (with). |
| Deut 33:21 | וַיַּ֤רְא רֵאשִׁית֙ ל֔וֹ כִּי־שָׁ֛ם חֶלְקַ֥ת מְחֹקֵ֖ק סָפ֑וּן וַיֵּתֵא֙ רָ֣אשֵׁי עָ֔ם צִדְקַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
And he provided the first part for himself, For there a share for the lawgiver was reserved. And he went to the heads of the people And carried out the Lord's justice And his judgments with Israel.’ |
for ← of. Wider use of the construct state.
reserved: this is a similar word to hidden in Deut 33:19. AV differs (was he seated), avoiding a discordance, but discordance is tolerated in Hebrew. Otherwise, translate a share for the hidden lawgiver. |
| Deut 33:22 | וּלְדָ֣ן אָמַ֔ר דָּ֖ן גּ֣וּר אַרְיֵ֑ה יְזַנֵּ֖ק מִן־הַבָּשָֽׁן׃ |
And concerning Dan he said, ‘Dan is a lion's whelp; He shall leap from Bashan.’ |
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Deut 33:23 | וּלְנַפְתָּלִ֣י אָמַ֔ר נַפְתָּלִי֙ שְׂבַ֣ע רָצ֔וֹן וּמָלֵ֖א בִּרְכַּ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה יָ֥ם וְדָר֖וֹם יְרָֽשָׁה׃ ס |
And concerning Naphtali he said, ‘Naphtali is abounding in favour And is full of the Lord's blessing. Inherit the west and the south.’ |
|
| Deut 33:24 | וּלְאָשֵׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר בָּר֥וּךְ מִבָּנִ֖ים אָשֵׁ֑ר יְהִ֤י רְצוּי֙ אֶחָ֔יו וְטֹבֵ֥ל בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן רַגְלֽוֹ׃ |
And concerning Asher he said, ‘Asher is blessed with sons. May he be favourably accepted by his brothers As he dips his foot in oil. |
with sons: or more than (other) sons.
by ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Deut 33:25 | בַּרְזֶ֥ל וּנְחֹ֖שֶׁת מִנְעָלֶ֑יךָ וּכְיָמֶ֖יךָ דָּבְאֶֽךָ׃ |
Your bolts are of iron and copper, And as your days are, So shall your strength be.’ |
your bolts are of iron and copper: AV differs (thy shoes shall be iron and brass). [CB]= under thy shoes etc., referring to rich ores. But AV and [CB] require re-pointing to מִנְּעָלֶיךָ (dagesh in nun).
strength: or rest. |
| Deut 33:26 | אֵ֥ין כָּאֵ֖ל יְשֻׁר֑וּן רֹכֵ֤ב שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ בְעֶזְרֶ֔ךָ וּבְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ שְׁחָקִֽים׃ |
There is none like God, O Jeshurun, Riding on heaven to your help, And in his majesty on the sky. |
Jeshurun: see Deut 32:15. |
| Deut 33:27 | מְעֹנָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵי קֶ֔דֶם וּמִתַּ֖חַת זְרֹעֹ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ מִפָּנֶ֛יךָ אוֹיֵ֖ב וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַשְׁמֵֽד׃ |
The age-old God is a refuge, And beneath are age-abiding arms. And he will drive out the enemy at your advance, And he has said, ‘Destroy them.’ |
arms: i.e. the limbs, put for strength and defence.
at your advance ← from before you. |
| Deut 33:28 | וַיִּשְׁכֹּן֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל בֶּ֤טַח בָּדָד֙ עֵ֣ין יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ דָּגָ֣ן וְתִיר֑וֹשׁ אַף־שָׁמָ֖יו יַֽעַרְפוּ טָֽל׃ |
Then Israel will dwell safely alone, The eye of Jacob will be on a land of corn and new wine, And his skies will also distil dew. |
eye: or water-source. |
| Deut 33:29 | אַשְׁרֶ֨יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל מִ֣י כָמ֗וֹךָ עַ֚ם נוֹשַׁ֣ע בַּֽיהוָ֔ה מָגֵ֣ן עֶזְרֶ֔ךָ וַאֲשֶׁר־חֶ֖רֶב גַּאֲוָתֶ֑ךָ וְיִכָּֽחֲשׁ֤וּ אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֖ה עַל־בָּמוֹתֵ֥ימוֹ תִדְרֹֽךְ׃ ס |
Happy is Israel – Who is like you? A people saved by the Lord, Your helping shield, Who is also your majestic sword. And your enemies will feign obedience to you, And you will trample on their idolatrous raised sites.” |
feign obedience: niphal for feigning, but it could be re-pointed as hithpael, which is more common for feigning, וְיִכַּחֲשׁוּ. See [AnLx] §12.3 for assimilation of the tav. See Josh 8:15 and Gen 42:7. AV differs somewhat (be found liars).
your helping shield ... your majestic sword ← the shield of your help ... the sword of your majesty. Hebraic genitives. |
| Deut 34:1 | וַיַּ֨עַל מֹשֶׁ֜ה מֵֽעַרְבֹ֤ת מוֹאָב֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר נְב֔וֹ רֹ֚אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֑וֹ וַיַּרְאֵ֨הוּ יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד עַד־דָּֽן׃ | Then Moses went up from the arid tracts of Moab to Mount Nebo, to the summit of Pisgah, which is opposite Jericho, and the Lord showed him all the land, from Gilead to Dan, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Deut 34:2 | וְאֵת֙ כָּל־נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְאֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיָּ֥ם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ | and all Naphtali and the land of Ephraim and Manasseh and all the land of Judah as far as the Western Sea, | the Western Sea ← the Hinder Sea, i.e. the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Deut 34:3 | וְאֶת־הַנֶּ֗גֶב וְֽאֶת־הַכִּכָּ֞ר בִּקְעַ֧ת יְרֵח֛וֹ עִ֥יר הַתְּמָרִ֖ים עַד־צֹֽעַר׃ | and the south, and the tract of land in the Valley of Jericho, the City of Palm Trees, as far as Zoar. | south: or Negeb, the modern Negev. |
| Deut 34:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו זֹ֤את הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֠שְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לְיִצְחָ֤ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְזַרְעֲךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה הֶרְאִיתִ֣יךָ בְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְשָׁ֖מָּה לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹֽר׃ | And the Lord said to him, “This is the land about which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob, and I said, ‘I will give it to your seed.’ I have shown it to you with your eyes, but you will not go across to there.” | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Deut 34:5 | וַיָּ֨מָת שָׁ֜ם מֹשֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מוֹאָ֖ב עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Moses the Lord's servant died there, in the land of Moab, according to the Lord's pronouncement. | pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Deut 34:6 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ בַגַּיְ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב מ֖וּל בֵּ֣ית פְּע֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע אִישׁ֙ אֶת־קְבֻ֣רָת֔וֹ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And he buried him in the valley, in the land of Moab, opposite Beth-Peor, and no man knows his grave, as it is up to this day. | he buried: i.e. the Lord buried. |
| Deut 34:7 | וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּמֹת֑וֹ לֹֽא־כָהֲתָ֥ה עֵינ֖וֹ וְלֹא־נָ֥ס לֵחֹֽה׃ | And Moses was one hundred and twenty years old at his death. His eye had not become dim and his vigour had not deserted him. | deserted him ← fled. |
| Deut 34:8 | וַיִּבְכּוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּעַֽרְבֹ֥ת מוֹאָ֖ב שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וַֽיִּתְּמ֔וּ יְמֵ֥י בְכִ֖י אֵ֥בֶל מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Israel wept for Moses in the arid tracts of Moab for thirty days, and the days of weeping were completed – of mourning for Moses. | |
| Deut 34:9 | וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מָלֵא֙ ר֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֔ה כִּֽי־סָמַ֥ךְ מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָדָ֖יו עָלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ אֵלָ֤יו בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Now Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him, and the sons of Israel listened to him, and they acted according to what the Lord had commanded Moses. | |
| Deut 34:10 | וְלֹֽא־קָ֨ם נָבִ֥יא ע֛וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְדָע֣וֹ יְהוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃ | But no prophet arose again in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face, | no prophet arose again ← a prophet did not yet arise. |
| Deut 34:11 | לְכָל־הָ֨אֹת֜וֹת וְהַמּוֹפְתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁלָחוֹ֙ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה וּלְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו וּלְכָל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | with all the signs and wonders which the Lord sent him to do in the land of Egypt, to Pharaoh and to all his servants and to all his land, | |
| Deut 34:12 | וּלְכֹל֙ הַיָּ֣ד הַחֲזָקָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל הַמּוֹרָ֣א הַגָּד֑וֹל אֲשֶׁר֙ עָשָׂ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and with all the mighty power and all the great fearfulness with which Moses acted in the sight of the whole of Israel. | mighty power ← strong hand. |
| Josh 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵ֛י מ֥וֹת מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass, after the death of Moses the servant of the Lord, that the Lord spoke to Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' servant, and he said, | |
| Josh 1:2 | מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדִּ֖י מֵ֑ת וְעַתָּה֩ ק֨וּם עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Moses my servant is dead. So now, arise, cross this Jordan, you and the whole of this people, to go into the land which I am giving to them – to the sons of Israel. | |
| Josh 1:3 | כָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Every place that the sole of your foot is going to step on, I have given to you, as I said to Moses. | |
| Josh 1:4 | מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד־הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם׃ | From the desert and this Lebanon as far as the great river – the River Euphrates – all the land of the Hittites, and as far as the Great Sea in the west, shall be your territory. |
west ← entering of the sun.
territory ← border. |
| Josh 1:5 | לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיִ֤יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽךָּ׃ | No man will be able to stand confronting you for all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I shall be with you: I will not desert you, and I will not forsake you. |
Heb 13:5.
confronting ← before. |
| Josh 1:6 | חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תַּנְחִיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ | Be strong and take courage, for you will enable this people to inherit the land about which I swore to their fathers that I would give it to them. | |
| Josh 1:7 | רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוְּךָ֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֔י אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ | Just be strong and take great courage to ensure to do all the law which Moses my servant commanded you. Do not deviate from it to the right or to the left, so that you act wisely in every place you go. | act wisely: AV differs somewhat (prosper). Also in the next verse. |
| Josh 1:8 | לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל׃ | This book of the law shall not recede from your mouth, and you will meditate on it day and night, so that you ensure to act according to everything written in it, for then you will cause your way to prosper, and then you will act wisely. | book of the law ... you will meditate on it day and night: compare Ps 1:2. |
| Josh 1:9 | הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ פ | Have I not commanded you? Be strong and take courage. Do not be terrified and do not be afraid, for the Lord your God is with you in every place you go.” | |
| Josh 1:10 | וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אֶת־שֹׁטְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people and said, | |
| Josh 1:11 | עִבְר֣וּ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְצַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּע֣וֹד ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ ס | “Pass through the middle of the camp, and command the people, and say, ‘Prepare provisions for yourselves, for in three days' time you will be crossing this Jordan to go and take possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving you, to take possession of it.’ ” | |
| Josh 1:12 | וְלָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Joshua spoke to the Reubenites and the Gadites, and half of the tribe of Manasseh, and he said, | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 1:13 | זָכוֹר֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ מֵנִ֣יחַ לָכֶ֔ם וְנָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | “Remember the word which Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, when he said, ‘The Lord your God is giving you rest, and he has given you this land.’ | |
| Josh 1:14 | נְשֵׁיכֶ֣ם טַפְּכֶם֮ וּמִקְנֵיכֶם֒ יֵשְׁב֕וּ בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְאַתֶּם֩ תַּעַבְר֨וּ חֲמֻשִׁ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם כֹּ֚ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַעֲזַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | Your women, your little ones and your cattle will remain in the land which Moses gave you on this side of the Jordan, but you will cross over armed before your brothers – all warriors in the army – and you will help them, | in the army ← of the army. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Josh 1:15 | עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮ כָּכֶם֒ וְיָרְשׁ֣וּ גַם־הֵ֔מָּה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְאֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְכֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם מֹשֶׁה֙ עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | until the Lord gives rest to your brothers, as to you, and they too take possession of the land which the Lord your God is giving them, and you return to the land of your possession, and you take possession of it, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you on this side of the Jordan in the east.” |
take possession: AV differs somewhat, to modern ears at least (enjoy).
east ← rising of the sun. |
| Josh 1:16 | וַֽיַּעֲנ֔וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתָ֙נוּ֙ נַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְאֶֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֖נוּ נֵלֵֽךְ׃ | And they answered Joshua and said, “Everything you have commanded us, we will do, and everywhere you send us, we will go. | |
| Josh 1:17 | כְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֖ן נִשְׁמַ֣ע אֵלֶ֑יךָ רַ֠ק יִֽהְיֶ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Just as we obeyed Moses in everything, so we will obey you, but let the Lord your God be with you, as he was with Moses. | obeyed ... obey ← heard / hearkened to ... hear / hearken to. |
| Josh 1:18 | כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗יךָ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛יךָ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּצַוֶּ֖נּוּ יוּמָ֑ת רַ֖ק חֲזַ֥ק וֶאֱמָֽץ׃ פ | Any man who rebels against your pronouncement and does not hear your words in anything you command us will be put to death, but be strong and take courage.” |
any ← every.
pronouncement ← mouth. anything ← everything. |
| Josh 2:1 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And Joshua the son of Nun sent out two spies secretly from Shittim, and he said, “Go and look at the land, and Jericho.” And they departed and came to the house of a prostitute woman whose name was Rahab, and they lodged there. |
Shittim ← the Shittim.
lodged ← lay. Compare 2 Ki 9:16. |
| Josh 2:2 | וַיֵּ֣אָמַ֔ר לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה אֲ֠נָשִׁים בָּ֣אוּ הֵ֧נָּה הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it was reported to the king of Jericho, and they said, “Look, some men from the sons of Israel came here tonight, to investigate the land.” | |
| Josh 2:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרִיח֔וֹ אֶל־רָחָ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר ה֠וֹצִיאִי הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הַבָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּֽאוּ׃ | And the king of Jericho sent men to Rahab, who said, “Bring out the men who came to you – who came to your house – because they came to investigate all the land.” | |
| Josh 2:4 | וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ כֵּ֗ן בָּ֤אוּ אֵלַי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מֵאַ֥יִן הֵֽמָּה׃ | But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them, and she said this: “The men came to me, but I did not know where they were from. |
them ← him, i.e. each of them.
this ← thus. |
| Josh 2:5 | וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ | When the gate was about to close in the dark, the men went out. I do not know where the men went. Pursue them quickly, because you will catch up with them.” | |
| Josh 2:6 | וְהִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַם הַגָּ֑גָה וַֽתִּטְמְנֵם֙ בְּפִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ הָעֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖הּ עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ | Then she brought them up onto the roof and hid them with flax stalks which had been laid out by her on the roof. | flax stalks: or cotton [AnLx]. |
| Josh 2:7 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן עַ֖ל הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת וְהַשַּׁ֣עַר סָגָ֔רוּ אַחֲרֵ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָצְא֥וּ הָרֹדְפִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | So the men pursued them on the road to the Jordan, at the fords, and the gate was closed after the pursuers had gone out after them. | the gate was closed ← they closed the gate. Avoidance of the passive. To translate actively in English would tentatively look as if the pursuers closed the gate personally, until the rest of the sentence was read. |
| Josh 2:8 | וְהֵ֖מָּה טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן וְהִ֛יא עָלְתָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ | Then before they lay down, she came up to them on the roof, | |
| Josh 2:9 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכִֽי־נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְכִ֥י נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | and she said to the men, “I know that the Lord has given you the land, and that dread of you has fallen on us, and that all the inhabitants of the land have become disheartened before you. |
dread of you ← your dread, an objective genitive.
have become disheartened ← have melted. |
| Josh 2:10 | כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם לִשְׁנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י הָאֱמֹרִ֜י אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | For we have heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea in front of you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to the two kings of the Amorites who were across the Jordan – to Sihon and to Og – whom you obliterated. |
how ← that.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 2:11 | וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ | When we heard it, our hearts fainted and no man's spirit held up in him any more because of you, for the Lord your God is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath. | fainted ← melted. See Deut 1:28. |
| Josh 2:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִי֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה כִּי־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּכֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֜ם עִם־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת׃ | So now, please swear to me by the Lord, since I have acted kindly to you, that you in turn will act kindly to the house of my father, and that you will give me a sign of truth, |
acted kindly ... act kindly ← done kindness ... do kindness.
you in turn ← you also. |
| Josh 2:13 | וְהַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־אָבִ֣י וְאֶת־אִמִּ֗י וְאֶת־אַחַי֙ וְאֶת־*אחותי **אַחְיוֹתַ֔י וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ מִמָּֽוֶת׃ | and that you will let my father and my mother live, and my brothers and my {K: sister} [Q: sisters], and all that they have, and that you will save us from death.” | us ← our souls. |
| Josh 2:14 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ לָ֣הּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם֙ לָמ֔וּת אִ֚ם לֹ֣א תַגִּ֔ידוּ אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֖נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה בְּתֵת־יְהוָ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ | And the men said to her, “May our life take the place of yours to die, providing you do not betray this affair of ours, and it will come to pass, when the Lord gives us the land, that we will act kindly and truly to you.” |
life ← soul.
betray ← tell. act kindly and truly ← do kindness and truth. |
| Josh 2:15 | וַתּוֹרִדֵ֥ם בַּחֶ֖בֶל בְּעַ֣ד הַֽחַלּ֑וֹן כִּ֤י בֵיתָהּ֙ בְּקִ֣יר הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה וּבַֽחוֹמָ֖ה הִ֥יא יוֹשָֽׁבֶת׃ | Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was built into the wall of circumvallation, as she lived in the circumvallation. | |
| Josh 2:16 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הָהָ֣רָה לֵּ֔כוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֥וּ בָכֶ֖ם הָרֹדְפִ֑ים וְנַחְבֵּתֶ֨ם שָׁ֜מָּה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים עַ֚ד שׁ֣וֹב הָרֹֽדְפִ֔ים וְאַחַ֖ר תֵּלְכ֥וּ לְדַרְכְּכֶֽם׃ | And she said to them, “Go to the mountain, so that those pursuing you do not come across you, and hide there for three days until the pursuers return, and afterwards you can go your way.” | |
| Josh 2:17 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יהָ הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים נְקִיִּ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵ֥ךְ הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ | Then the men said to her, “We are in the clear with this oath of yours which you had us swear. | in the clear ← innocent. |
| Josh 2:18 | הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ בָאִ֖ים בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֶת־תִּקְוַ֡ת חוּט֩ הַשָּׁנִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה תִּקְשְׁרִ֗י בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹרַדְתֵּ֣נוּ ב֔וֹ וְאֶת־אָבִ֨יךְ וְאֶת־אִמֵּ֜ךְ וְאֶת־אַחַ֗יִךְ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךְ תַּאַסְפִ֥י אֵלַ֖יִךְ הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ | Look, we are coming into the land. Bind this line of scarlet thread to the window by which you let us down and gather your father and your mother and your brothers, and the whole household of your father with you into the house. | with you ← to you. |
| Josh 2:19 | וְהָיָ֡ה כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִדַּלְתֵ֨י בֵיתֵ֧ךְ ׀ הַח֛וּצָה דָּמ֥וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם וְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִֽהְיֶ֤ה אִתָּךְ֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת דָּמ֣וֹ בְרֹאשֵׁ֔נוּ אִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽוֹ׃ | And it will be the case that anyone who comes out of the doors of your house to the outside will have his blood on his head, but we will be in the clear, but the blood of anyone who is with you indoors will be on our head if we lay a hand on him. |
anyone (2x) ← everyone.
will have his blood on his head: i.e. will be responsible for his death. we lay a hand on him ← a hand will be on him. |
| Josh 2:20 | וְאִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיִ֣ינוּ נְקִיִּ֔ם מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ | But if you inform about this matter of ours, we will be clear from your oath which you had us swear.” | |
| Josh 2:21 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֣ם כֶּן־ה֔וּא וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵ֖ם וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתִּקְשֹׁ֛ר אֶת־תִּקְוַ֥ת הַשָּׁנִ֖י בַּחַלּֽוֹן׃ | And she said, “As your words are, so shall it be.” And she sent them off, and they departed, and she bound the scarlet line to the window. | |
| Josh 2:22 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הָהָ֔רָה וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים עַד־שָׁ֖בוּ הָרֹדְפִ֑ים וַיְבַקְשׁ֧וּ הָרֹדְפִ֛ים בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ | So they departed and came to the mountain, and they remained there for three days, until the pursuers had returned. And the pursuers searched on all the route, but they did not find them. | |
| Josh 2:23 | וַיָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיֵּרְד֣וּ מֵֽהָהָ֔ר וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then the two men returned and came down from the mountain, and they crossed over, and they came to Joshua the son of Nun, and they recounted to him all the things that had befallen them. | befallen ← found. |
| Josh 2:24 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְגַם־נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵֽינוּ׃ ס | And they said to Joshua, “Because for his part the Lord has given us the whole land in our hand, so for their part all the inhabitants melted away at our presence.” | for their part ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Josh 3:1 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ בַּבֹּ֜קֶר וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֖וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּלִ֥נוּ שָׁ֖ם טֶ֥רֶם יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ | Then Joshua got up early in the morning, and they moved from Shittim, and they came to the Jordan – he and all the sons of Israel – and they lodged there before they crossed over. | Shittim ← the Shittim. |
| Josh 3:2 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקְצֵ֖ה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass, after three days, that the officers passed through the camp. | after ← at the end of. |
| Josh 3:3 | וַיְצַוּוּ֮ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ כִּרְאֽוֹתְכֶ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם נֹשְׂאִ֖ים אֹת֑וֹ וְאַתֶּ֗ם תִּסְעוּ֙ מִמְּק֣וֹמְכֶ֔ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖ם אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And they commanded the people and said, “When you see the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and the Levite priests bearing it, you will move from your place and follow it. | |
| Josh 3:4 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ רָח֣וֹק יִהְיֶ֗ה בֵּֽינֵיכֶם֙ *ובינו **וּבֵינָ֔יו כְּאַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה בַּמִּדָּ֑ה אַֽל־תִּקְרְב֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו לְמַ֤עַן אֲשֶׁר־תֵּֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֧א עֲבַרְתֶּ֛ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ ס | But there will be a distance of about two thousand cubits between you and it. Do not approach it. Do this so that you know the route you are taking, for you have not crossed by this route in times past.” |
and ← and between. The ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
distance ← remoteness by measurement. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. in times past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 3:5 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת׃ | And Joshua said to the people, “Sanctify yourselves, for tomorrow the Lord will perform wonders in your midst.” | |
| Josh 3:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר שְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית וְעִבְר֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ ס | Then Joshua spoke to the priests and said, “Bear the ark of the covenant, and cross over ahead of the people.” So they bore the ark of the covenant and went ahead of the people. | |
| Josh 3:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה אָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְךָ֔ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵֽדְע֔וּן כִּ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיִ֛יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | Then the Lord said to Joshua, “This day I shall begin making you great in the eyes of the whole of Israel, so that they know that as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. | |
| Josh 3:8 | וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֥י אֲרֽוֹן־הַבְּרִ֖ית לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּבֹאֲכֶ֗ם עַד־קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בַּיַּרְדֵּ֖ן תַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ פ | And you will command the priests who bear the ark of the covenant, and say, ‘When you arrive at the edge of the water of the Jordan, stand in the Jordan.’ ” | |
| Josh 3:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גֹּ֣שׁוּ הֵ֔נָּה וְשִׁמְע֕וּ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Joshua said to the sons of Israel, “Come near, this way, and hear the words of the Lord your God.” | this way ← to here. |
| Josh 3:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּזֹאת֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּן כִּ֛י אֵ֥ל חַ֖י בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠פְּנֵיכֶם אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֨י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֜י וְאֶת־הַחִוִּ֗י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְאֶת־הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And Joshua said, “This is how you will know that the living God is in your midst, and that he will definitely dispossess the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Hivite and the Perizzite and the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Jebusite at your advance. |
this is how ← by this.
he will definitely dispossess: infinitive absolute. Amorite: see Gen 10:16. at your advance ← from before you. |
| Josh 3:11 | הִנֵּה֙ אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲד֖וֹן כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Behold the ark of the covenant. The Lord of the whole earth is crossing before you in the Jordan. | AV differs in syntactical arrangement, ignoring the absolute state of the covenant. |
| Josh 3:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ שְׁנֵ֣י עָשָׂ֣ר אִ֔ישׁ מִשִּׁבְטֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד לַשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | And now, take for yourselves twelve men from the tribes of Israel – one man for each tribe. | one man for each tribe ← one man, one man for the tribe. |
| Josh 3:13 | וְהָיָ֡ה כְּנ֣וֹחַ כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאֵי֩ אֲר֨וֹן יְהוָ֜ה אֲד֤וֹן כָּל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ בְּמֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יִכָּ֣רֵת֔וּן הַמַּ֥יִם הַיֹּרְדִ֖ים מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְיַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ | And it will come to pass, when the soles of the feet of the priests who bear the ark of the Lord – the Lord of the whole earth – come to rest in the water of the Jordan, that the water of the Jordan will be cut off – the water coming down from upstream – and it will stand still as one mass.” |
upstream ← above.
mass ← mound. |
| Josh 3:14 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּנְסֹ֤עַ הָעָם֙ מֵאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים נֹֽשְׂאֵ֛י הָאָר֥וֹן הַבְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when the people moved from their tents to cross the Jordan, with the priests bearing the ark of the covenant ahead of the people, | |
| Josh 3:15 | וּכְב֞וֹא נֹשְׂאֵ֤י הָֽאָרוֹן֙ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְרַגְלֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָֽאָר֔וֹן נִטְבְּל֖וּ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַמָּ֑יִם וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר׃ | and when the bearers of the ark came to the Jordan, and the feet of the priests bearing the ark were dipped in the edge of the water, while the Jordan was full up to all its banks – as it was all the days of the harvest-time – | was full up to: AV differs (overfloweth). |
| Josh 3:16 | וַיַּעַמְד֡וּ הַמַּיִם֩ הַיֹּרְדִ֨ים מִלְמַ֜עְלָה קָ֣מוּ נֵד־אֶחָ֗ד הַרְחֵ֨ק מְאֹ֜ד *באדם **מֵֽאָדָ֤ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצַּ֣ד צָֽרְתָ֔ן וְהַיֹּרְדִ֗ים עַ֣ל יָ֧ם הָעֲרָבָ֛ה יָם־הַמֶּ֖לַח תַּ֣מּוּ נִכְרָ֑תוּ וְהָעָ֥ם עָבְר֖וּ נֶ֥גֶד יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | that the water which came down from upstream stood still. It rose as one mass, very far away {K: in} [Q: from] the city of Adam, which is beside Zarethan, and the water that descended into the Arid Sea – the Dead Sea – failed and was cut off. And the people crossed over opposite Jericho. |
Zarethan: according to AV's normal transcription, but AV= Zaretan here and Zartanah in 1 Ki 4:12 and Zarthan in 1 Ki 7:46.
the Arid Sea ← the Arid-Tract Sea, i.e. the Dead Sea. the Dead Sea ← the Salt Sea. AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Josh 3:17 | וַיַּעַמְד֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹ֠שְׂאֵי הָאָר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֜ה בֶּחָֽרָבָ֛ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הָכֵ֑ן וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹֽבְרִים֙ בֶּחָ֣רָבָ֔ה עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֙מּוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Then the priests who were bearing the ark of the covenant of the Lord stood still on the dry land in the middle of the Jordan, firmly, and all Israel crossed on dry land, until the whole of the people had completed crossing the Jordan. | |
| Josh 4:1 | וַיְהִי֙ כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֔וֹי לַעֲב֖וֹר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן פ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished crossing the Jordan, that the Lord spoke to Joshua and said, | |
| Josh 4:2 | קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מִן־הָעָ֔ם שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אֲנָשִׁ֑ים אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | “Take for yourselves twelve men from the people, one man from each tribe, | one man from each tribe ← one man, one man from a tribe. |
| Josh 4:3 | וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ ס | and command them, and say, ‘Take for yourselves from here – from the middle of the Jordan, from the standing place of the priests' feet – twelve stones to set up. So take them across with you, and set them down in the lodging place where you lodge tonight.’ ” |
to set up: Hebrew הָכִין. AV differs (firm).
lodging place ... lodge: probably just camping here, but usually lodging in an inn. |
| Josh 4:4 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֤ים הֶֽעָשָׂר֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵכִ֖ין מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד מִשָּֽׁבֶט׃ | Then Joshua called for the twelve men whom he had appointed from the sons of Israel, one man from each tribe, | one man from each tribe: see v.2. |
| Josh 4:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and Joshua said to them, “Cross in the presence of the ark of the Lord your God to the middle of the Jordan, and let each man lift up one stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, | |
| Josh 4:6 | לְמַ֗עַן תִּֽהְיֶ֛ה זֹ֥את א֖וֹת בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֛ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָכֶֽם׃ | so that this will be a sign in your community, for your sons will ask about it in the future and say, ‘What is the significance of these stones to you?’ |
community ← midst.
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 4:7 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And you will say to them that the water of the Jordan was cut off ahead of the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the water of the Jordan was cut off, and these stones are a memorial to the sons of Israel, age-abidingly.” | |
| Josh 4:8 | וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃ | And the sons of Israel did so, as Joshua had commanded, and they took twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan, as the Lord had said to Joshua, corresponding to the number of the tribes of the sons of Israel, and they took them across with them to the lodging place, and they set them down there. | lodging place: see Josh 4:3. |
| Josh 4:9 | וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תַּ֗חַת מַצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, at the standing place of the feet of the priests who bore the ark of the covenant, and they have been there up to this day. | at ← below, but also of a place where. |
| Josh 4:10 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י הָאָר֗וֹן עֹמְדִים֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ עַ֣ד תֹּ֣ם כָּֽל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֔ם כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְמַהֲר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם וַֽיַּעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ | And the priests who bore the ark stood in the middle of the Jordan until the whole event was finished which the Lord had commanded Joshua to say to the people, according to everything that Moses had commanded Joshua. And the people hastened and crossed over. | event ← word, matter. |
| Josh 4:11 | וַיְהִ֛י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַֽעֲב֑וֹר וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished crossing, that the ark of the Lord and the priests crossed over in the presence of the people. | |
| Josh 4:12 | וַ֠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed in the presence of the sons of Israel, as Moses had said to them. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 4:13 | כְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א עָבְר֞וּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֶ֖ל עַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ ס | About forty thousand armed men in the army crossed over before the Lord, to war, to the arid tracts of Jericho. | |
| Josh 4:14 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא גִּדַּ֤ל יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ פ | On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the eyes of the whole of Israel, and they feared him as they feared Moses, all the days of his life. | |
| Josh 4:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the Lord spoke to Joshua, and he said, | |
| Josh 4:16 | צַוֵּה֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָעֵד֑וּת וְיַעֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | “Command the priests, who bear the ark of the testimony, that they are to come up out of the Jordan.” | |
| Josh 4:17 | וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲל֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So Joshua commanded the priests, and he said, “Come up out of the Jordan.” | |
| Josh 4:18 | וַ֠יְהִי *בעלות **כַּעֲל֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים נֹשְׂאֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִתְּק֗וּ כַּפּוֹת֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֶ֖ל הֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לִמְקוֹמָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כִתְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, {K: when} [Q: as] the priests who bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord came up out of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests' feet retired onto dry land, that the water of the Jordan returned to its place, and it ran as in times past on all its banks. |
came up: the word is combined with when (ketiv) / as (qeré).
retired ← were plucked up. in times past ← as yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 4:19 | וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And the people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and they encamped in Gilgal, at the eastern end of Jericho. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 4:20 | וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And Joshua set up in Gilgal those twelve stones which they had taken from the Jordan. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 4:21 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And he spoke to the sons of Israel, and he said, “When your sons ask their fathers in the future, and they say, ‘What do those stones signify?’ – | in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 4:22 | וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃ | you will inform your sons and say, ‘Israel crossed this Jordan on dry land, | |
| Josh 4:23 | אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖ם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧ם לְיַם־ס֛וּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֥ישׁ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃ | because the Lord your God dried up the water of the Jordan in front of you until you had crossed, as the Lord your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up before us until we had crossed, | |
| Josh 4:24 | לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | so that all the various peoples of the world would know the power of the Lord, that it was strong, so that you might fear the Lord your God always.’ ” |
power ← hand.
always ← all the days. |
| Josh 5:1 | וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־*עברנו **עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites who were on the western side of the Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites who were beside the sea, heard that the Lord had dried up the water of the Jordan in the presence of the sons of Israel until {K: we} [Q: they] had crossed, that their hearts melted away, and they no longer had any inward mettle in them in the face of the sons of Israel. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
hearts ← heart. inward mettle ← spirit. |
| Josh 5:2 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עֲשֵׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית׃ | At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make yourselves knives of rock, and circumcise again the sons of Israel – a second round.” |
knives ← swords.
of rock ← of rocks. AV differs somewhat (sharp). circumcise: i.e. have a programme of circumcision on the new uncircumcised generation. |
| Josh 5:3 | וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃ | So Joshua made himself knives of rock, and he circumcised the sons of Israel at the Hill of Foreskins. |
knives ← swords.
of rock ← of rocks. AV differs somewhat (sharp). |
| Josh 5:4 | וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And this is the circumstance of Joshua circumcising: all the people who came out of Egypt, the males, all the men of war, had died in the desert on the way when they had come out of Egypt, |
circumstance ← word, matter.
the men: i.e. the previous generation. |
| Josh 5:5 | כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃ | because all the people who came out had been circumcised, but they had not circumcised any of the people born in the desert on the way when they had come out of Egypt. | |
| Josh 5:6 | כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לַֽאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | For the sons of Israel went for forty years in the desert until all the people – the men of war who came out of Egypt, who did not obey the voice of the Lord – were finished off, those to whom the Lord swore that he would not show them the land about which the Lord had sworn to their fathers that he would give it to us, a land flowing with milk and honey. |
obey ← hear.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Josh 5:7 | וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | And he raised up their sons in their place, and it was they whom Joshua circumcised, because they were uncircumcised, because they did not circumcise them on the way. | uncircumcised ← with foreskin. |
| Josh 5:8 | וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֖וֹי לְהִמּ֑וֹל וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה עַ֥ד חֲיוֹתָֽם׃ פ | And it came to pass, when all the people had finished being circumcised, that they remained in their place in the camp until they had recovered. | in their place ← under them. |
| Josh 5:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I rolled the reproach of Egypt away from you.” And he called that place Gilgal, as it is called up to this day. | away from ← from (being) on. |
| Josh 5:10 | וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֡סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ בָּעֶ֖רֶב בְּעַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and they held the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, in the arid tracts of Jericho. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 5:11 | וַיֹּ֨אכְל֜וּ מֵעֲב֥וּר הָאָ֛רֶץ מִמָּֽחֳרַ֥ת הַפֶּ֖סַח מַצּ֣וֹת וְקָל֑וּי בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they ate, from the past produce of the land, on the day after the Passover, unleavened bread and roasted corn, on this very day. | |
| Josh 5:12 | וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֨ת הַמָּ֜ן מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת בְּאָכְלָם֙ מֵעֲב֣וּר הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ע֛וֹד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מָ֑ן וַיֹּאכְל֗וּ מִתְּבוּאַת֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִֽיא׃ ס | And the manna ceased on the day after when they ate from the past produce of the land, and the sons of Israel had no more manna, and they ate from the produce of the land of Canaan in that year. | |
| Josh 5:13 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ | And when Joshua was in Jericho, he lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was a man standing opposite him, with his sword unsheathed in his hand. And Joshua went up to him and said to him, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?” | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Josh 5:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לֹ֗א כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י שַׂר־צְבָֽא־יְהוָ֖ה עַתָּ֣ה בָ֑אתִי וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֲדֹנִ֖י מְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “Not the latter, because I have come now as the commander of the army of the Lord.” Then Joshua fell with his face to the ground and worshipped, and he said to him, “What does my Lord say to his servant?” | Lord: we take the “man” to be the angel of the Lord, since Joshua worships him and is not rebuked for doing so. So we capitalize as “Lord”, not “lord”. |
| Josh 5:15 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ כֵּֽן׃ | And the commander of the army of the Lord said to Joshua, “Take your shoe off your foot, for the place which you are standing on is holy.” And Joshua did so. | shoe ... foot: both words are singular, but they may well stand for the plural. |
| Josh 6:1 | וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃ ס | Now Jericho was shut and closed up because of the sons of Israel. No-one came out and no-one went in. | |
| Josh 6:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ רְאֵה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Look, I have delivered Jericho, and its king, into your hand, valiant warriors though they be. | valiant warriors though they be: AV differs somewhat (and the mighty men of valour). |
| Josh 6:3 | וְסַבֹּתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הַקֵּ֥יף אֶת־הָעִ֖יר פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | And you will circle round the city – all the men of war. Go around the city once, and so you will do for six days. | circle round: rather than encircle, surround. In v.11, the ark does this. |
| Josh 6:4 | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י תָּסֹ֥בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים יִתְקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | And seven priests will bear seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark, and on the seventh day you will circle round the city seven times, and the priests will blow the ramshorns. | |
| Josh 6:5 | וְהָיָ֞ה בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל *בשמעכם **כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר יָרִ֥יעוּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וְנָ֨פְלָ֜ה חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ וְעָל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ נֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass, when you draw out a far-reaching sound on the horn, {K: when} [Q: as] you hear the sound of the ramshorn, that all the people will utter a great shout, and the wall of the city will collapse, and the people will go up, each man forwards.” |
draw out a far-reaching sound on the horn ← draw out on the horn of the far reaching sound.
collapse ← fall under itself. |
| Josh 6:6 | וַיִּקְרָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Joshua the son of Nun called for the priests, and he said to them, “Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests take up seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark of the Lord.” | |
| Josh 6:7 | *ויאמרו **וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם עִבְר֖וּ וְסֹ֣בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וְהֶ֣חָל֔וּץ יַעֲבֹ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | And {K: they} [Q: he] said to the people, “Cross over and encircle the city, and let every armed man cross over before the ark of the Lord.” | AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Josh 6:8 | וַיְהִ֗י כֶּאֱמֹ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָבְר֕וּ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, as Joshua spoke to the people, that the seven priests bearing the seven far-sounding ramshorns, before the Lord, crossed over and sounded the ramshorns, and the ark of the covenant of the Lord followed them. | |
| Josh 6:9 | וְהֶחָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִפְנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים *תקעו **תֹּקְעֵ֖י הַשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | And he who was armed went before the priests {K: who sounded} [Q: who sounded] the ramshorns. And the rearguard followed the ark, and they went sounding the ramshorns. | they went sounding: with the infinitive absolute of to go. |
| Josh 6:10 | וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֤א תָרִ֙יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הָרִ֖יעוּ וַהֲרִיעֹתֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua commanded the people, and he said, “Do not shout, and do not let your voices be heard, and let nothing be uttered from your mouth until the day when I say to you, ‘Shout’, then you will shout.” | |
| Josh 6:11 | וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ | So the ark of the Lord circled round the city by going round once, and they came back to the camp, and they lodged at the camp. |
by going round: gerundial use of the infinitive absolute.
camp ... camp: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Josh 6:12 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the ark of the Lord, | |
| Josh 6:13 | וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת הַיֹּבְלִ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה הֹלְכִ֣ים הָל֔וֹךְ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהֶחָלוּץ֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה *הולך **הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | while seven priests were bearing seven far-sounding ramshorns before the ark of the Lord, walking continually and sounding the ramshorns, and whoever was armed went before them, and the rearguard followed the ark of the Lord, and they sounded the ramshorns as they went. |
they went: the ketiv is a singular participle, suggesting literally as it was going, whereas the qeré is an infinitive absolute.
walking continually: with an infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 6:14 | וַיָּסֹ֨בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | And they circled round the city on the second day once, then they returned to the camp. So they did for six days. | |
| Josh 6:15 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙מוּ֙ כַּעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֛יר כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט הַזֶּ֖ה שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים רַ֚ק בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא סָבְב֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And it came to pass on the seventh day that they rose early at the break of dawn and circled round the city seven times, as was this custom, except that on that day it was seven times that they circled round the city. | |
| Josh 6:16 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית תָּקְע֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הָעָם֙ הָרִ֔יעוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ | And it came to pass the seventh time, that the priests sounded the ramshorns, and Joshua said to the people, “Shout! For the Lord has given you the city. | |
| Josh 6:17 | וְהָיְתָ֨ה הָעִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה רַק֩ רָחָ֨ב הַזּוֹנָ֜ה תִּֽחְיֶ֗ה הִ֚יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֣הּ בַּבַּ֔יִת כִּ֣י הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָה אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְנוּ׃ | And the city shall become a cursed place to the Lord, it and everyone in it, except that Rahab the prostitute shall live – she and all those with her at home – because she hid the two scouts whom we sent. | |
| Josh 6:18 | וְרַק־אַתֶּם֙ שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם פֶּֽן־תַּחֲרִ֖ימוּ וּלְקַחְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַחֵ֑רֶם וְשַׂמְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְחֵ֔רֶם וַעֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And indeed, you must be on your guard with the cursed place, so that you do not become a cursed person, and you take anything from the cursed place, and you make the camp of Israel become a cursed site, and you cause it sorrow. | |
| Josh 6:19 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וּבַרְזֶ֔ל קֹ֥דֶשׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָ֑ה אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ | And all silver and gold and articles of copper and iron are holy to the Lord. They will go into the Lord's treasury.” | |
| Josh 6:20 | וַיָּ֣רַע הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּשֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֗ר וַיָּרִ֤יעוּ הָעָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַתִּפֹּ֨ל הַֽחוֹמָ֜ה תַּחְתֶּ֗יהָ וַיַּ֨עַל הָעָ֤ם הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ נֶגְדּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּלְכְּד֖וּ אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ | Then the people shouted, and the ramshorns were sounded, and it came to pass that when the people heard the sound of the ramshorn, the people shouted with a great shout, and the wall collapsed, and the people went up into the city, each man forwards, and they captured the city. |
the ramshorns were sounded ← they sounded the ramshorns. Avoidance of the passive by an impersonal qal for niphal. We wish to avoid the suggestion that it was the people who sounded the ramshorn; it was the priests, as described in Josh 6:4.
collapsed: see v.5. |
| Josh 6:21 | וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעִ֔יר מֵאִישׁ֙ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן וְעַ֨ד שׁ֥וֹר וָשֶׂ֛ה וַחֲמ֖וֹר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And they obliterated everything in the city, both man and woman, both child and old man, including oxen and sheep and donkeys, with the edge of the sword. | both ... and (2x) ← from ... to. |
| Josh 6:22 | וְלִשְׁנַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֤ים אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בֹּ֖אוּ בֵּית־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזּוֹנָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֨יאוּ מִשָּׁ֤ם אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּעְתֶּ֖ם לָֽהּ׃ | But Joshua had said to the two men who spied on the land, “Go to the house of the prostitute woman and bring the woman out from there with all those belonging to her, as you swore to her.” | |
| Josh 6:23 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ הַנְּעָרִ֣ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֗ים וַיֹּצִ֡יאוּ אֶת־רָ֠חָב וְאֶת־אָבִ֨יהָ וְאֶת־אִמָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ הוֹצִ֑יאוּ וַיַּ֨נִּיח֔וּם מִח֖וּץ לְמַחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So the young men who did the spying went in and brought Rahab out, and her father and her mother, and her brothers, and all that belonged to her. And they brought out all her family members and set them down outside the camp of Israel. | |
| Josh 6:24 | וְהָעִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵ֖שׁ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ רַ֣ק ׀ הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וְהַבַּרְזֶ֔ל נָתְנ֖וּ אוֹצַ֥ר בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then they burnt the city with fire, and everything that was in it, except that they put the silver and gold and the articles of copper and iron in the treasury of the house of the Lord. | |
| Josh 6:25 | וְֽאֶת־רָחָ֣ב הַ֠זּוֹנָה וְאֶת־בֵּ֨ית אָבִ֤יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָהּ֙ הֶחֱיָ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י הֶחְבִּ֙יאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לְרַגֵּ֥ל אֶת־יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ פ | And Joshua let Rahab the prostitute live, and the household of her father, and everyone that belonged to her, and she has been living in the midst of Israel to this day, because she hid the scouts whom Joshua sent out to spy out Jericho. | |
| Josh 6:26 | וַיַּשְׁבַּ֣ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא לֵאמֹ֑ר אָר֨וּר הָאִ֜ישׁ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּבָנָ֞ה אֶת־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ אֶת־יְרִיח֔וֹ בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ׃ | And Joshua adjured them at that time, and he said, “Cursed before the Lord is the man who arises and builds this city – Jericho. He will lay the foundations at the cost of his firstborn, and he will install gates at the cost of his younger son.” | |
| Josh 6:27 | וַיְהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖וֹ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the Lord was with Joshua, and his fame was spread all over the land. | |
| Josh 7:1 | וַיִּמְעֲל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מַ֖עַל בַּחֵ֑רֶם וַיִּקַּ֡ח עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־כַּרְמִי֩ בֶן־זַבְדִּ֨י בֶן־זֶ֜רַח לְמַטֵּ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But the sons of Israel acted treacherously in the cursed place, and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took goods from the cursed place, and the anger of the Lord was kindled against the sons of Israel. | || 1 Chr 2:7. |
| Josh 7:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃ | Then Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai which is conglomerate with Beth-Aven to the east of Beth-El, and he spoke to them and said, “Go up and spy out the land.” So the men went up and spied out Ai. | Ai ← the Ai, also in other verses. |
| Josh 7:3 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃ | Then they returned to Joshua and said to him, “Do not have all the people go up. Have about two thousand or about three thousand men go up and strike Ai. Do not weary all the people there, for they are few.” | about (2x): the preposition may have no approximating force and be simply idiomatic with numerals. Compare Josh 7:5, Luke 9:28. |
| Josh 7:4 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָעָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּה כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ לִפְנֵ֖י אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | So about three thousand men from the people went up, but they fled from the men of Ai. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Josh 7:5 | וַיַּכּ֨וּ מֵהֶ֜ם אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעַ֗י כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְשִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֞וּם לִפְנֵ֤י הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ עַד־הַשְּׁבָרִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּם בַּמּוֹרָ֑ד וַיִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָעָ֖ם וַיְהִ֥י לְמָֽיִם׃ | And the men of Ai struck down about thirty-six men, and they pursued them from the front of the gate as far as Shebarim, and they struck them on the way down, and the heart of the people melted away and became water. |
about: the preposition may have no approximating force and be simply idiomatic with numerals. Compare Josh 7:3, Luke 9:28.
Shebarim ← the Shebarim. |
| Josh 7:6 | וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨יו אַ֜רְצָה לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עָפָ֖ר עַל־רֹאשָֽׁם׃ | Then Joshua tore his clothes and fell face down to the ground before the ark of the Lord until the evening – he and the elders of Israel – and they cast up dust onto their heads. | face down ← on his face. |
| Josh 7:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And Joshua said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, why did you so specially have this people cross over the Jordan to deliver us into the hand of the Amorite to destroy us? So if only we had been contented to live on the other side of the Jordan. |
so specially have ... cross over: infinitive construct in form, but used as if an infinitive absolute.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 7:8 | בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו׃ | Please, Lord*, what shall I say, now that Israel has retreated at the presence of its enemies? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
now that ← after that. retreated ← turned its neck. |
| Josh 7:9 | וְיִשְׁמְע֣וּ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְכֹל֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְנָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְהִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖נוּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְשִׁמְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ ס | And the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land have heard, and they will surround us and cut off our name from the earth. Then what will you do about your great name?” | |
| Josh 7:10 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ קֻ֣ם לָ֑ךְ לָ֣מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ | At this the Lord said to Joshua, “Get yourself up. Why is it that you have fallen face down? |
at this: wider use of the vav.
face down ← on your face. |
| Josh 7:11 | חָטָא֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְגַם֙ עָבְר֣וּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אוֹתָ֑ם וְגַ֤ם לָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם וְגַ֤ם גָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְגַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ וְגַ֖ם שָׂ֥מוּ בִכְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Israel has sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them, and they have also taken goods from the cursed place, and they have also stolen, and they have also lied, and they have put them in their boxes. | boxes ← vessels. |
| Josh 7:12 | וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י הָי֖וּ לְחֵ֑רֶם לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ | So the sons of Israel will not be able to stand in the presence of their enemies, and they will retreat in the presence of their enemies, because they have been made an object of cursing. I will not be with you any more if you do not eradicate the cursed object from your midst. |
will retreat ← will turn the neck.
cursed object: perhaps referring to the perpetrator, so cursed (person). |
| Josh 7:13 | קֻ֚ם קַדֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָ֑ר כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֵ֤רֶם בְּקִרְבְּךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ עַד־הֲסִירְכֶ֥ם הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃ | Arise, sanctify the people and say, ‘Sanctify yourselves for tomorrow, for this is what the Lord God of Israel says: «There is a cursed object in your midst, O Israel. You will not be able to stand against your enemies until you have removed the cursed object from your midst. | this is what ← thus. |
| Josh 7:14 | וְנִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּבֹּ֖קֶר לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָיָ֡ה הַשֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת וְהַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַבָּתִּ֔ים וְהַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַגְּבָרִֽים׃ | Now you will approach in the morning by your tribes, and it will be the case that the tribe which the Lord convicts will approach by families, and the family which the Lord convicts will approach by households, and the household which the Lord convicts will approach by men. | convicts (3x) ← captures, takes. |
| Josh 7:15 | וְהָיָה֙ הַנִּלְכָּ֣ד בַּחֵ֔רֶם יִשָּׂרֵ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ כִּ֤י עָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְכִֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה נְבָלָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it will be the case that he who is convicted of the cursed object will be burned with fire – he and everything he has – because he has transgressed the Lord's covenant, and because he has committed a foolish act in Israel.» ’ ” | |
| Josh 7:16 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So Joshua arose early in the morning, and he gathered Israel together by their tribes, and the tribe of Judah was convicted. | |
| Josh 7:17 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּלְכֹּ֕ד אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַזַּרְחִ֑י וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַזַּרְחִי֙ לַגְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד זַבְדִּֽי׃ | So he had the family of Judah approach, and he convicted the family of Zarhi. Then he had the family of Zarhi approach by men, and Zabdi was convicted. | family: the consonantal text could read families. |
| Josh 7:18 | וַיַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־בֵּית֖וֹ לַגְּבָרִ֑ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֗ד עָכָ֞ן בֶּן־כַּרְמִ֧י בֶן־זַבְדִּ֛י בֶּן־זֶ֖רַח לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Then he had his household approach by men, and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was convicted. | |
| Josh 7:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־עָכָ֗ן בְּנִי֙ שִֽׂים־נָ֣א כָב֗וֹד לַֽיהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה וְהַגֶּד־נָ֥א לִי֙ מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | Then Joshua said to Achan, “My son, do accord honour to the Lord God of Israel and make confession to him and tell me, please, what you have done. Do not conceal anything from me.” | |
| Josh 7:20 | וַיַּ֧עַן עָכָ֛ן אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָמְנָ֗ה אָנֹכִ֤י חָטָ֙אתִי֙ לַֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכָזֹ֥את וְכָזֹ֖את עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ | Then Achan answered Joshua and said, “Indeed I have sinned against the Lord God of Israel, and I did such and such. | |
| Josh 7:21 | *ואראה **וָאֵ֣רֶא בַשָּׁלָ֡ל אַדֶּ֣רֶת שִׁנְעָר֩ אַחַ֨ת טוֹבָ֜ה וּמָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים כֶּ֗סֶף וּלְשׁ֨וֹן זָהָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙ מִשְׁקָל֔וֹ וָֽאֶחְמְדֵ֖ם וָֽאֶקָּחֵ֑ם וְהִנָּ֨ם טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאָֽהֳלִ֖י וְהַכֶּ֥סֶף תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | When I saw among the spoil a fine mantle from Shinar, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a bar of gold whose weight was fifty shekels, I coveted them, and I took them, and now they are hidden in the ground inside my tent, with the silver under it.” |
I saw: the qeré is an apocopated form of the ketiv, with no change in meaning.
a fine mantle ... a bar ← one fine mantle ... one tongue. now they are ← behold them. ground ← land. |
| Josh 7:22 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיָּרֻ֖צוּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וְהִנֵּ֧ה טְמוּנָ֛ה בְּאָהֳל֖וֹ וְהַכֶּ֥סֶף תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua sent out messengers, and they ran to the tent, and there it was hidden in his tent, with the silver under it. |
there it was ← behold.
with ← and. |
| Josh 7:23 | וַיִּקָּחוּם֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיְבִאוּם֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then they took the goods from the interior of the tent, and they brought them to Joshua and to all the sons of Israel, and they laid them out before the Lord. | |
| Josh 7:24 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֡רַח וְאֶת־הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְאֶת־הָאַדֶּ֣רֶת וְֽאֶת־לְשׁ֣וֹן הַזָּהָ֡ב וְֽאֶת־בָּנָ֡יו וְֽאֶת־בְּנֹתָ֡יו וְאֶת־שׁוֹרוֹ֩ וְאֶת־חֲמֹר֨וֹ וְאֶת־צֹאנ֤וֹ וְאֶֽת־אָהֳלוֹ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִמּ֑וֹ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר׃ | And Joshua took Achan the great grandson of Zerah, and the silver, and the mantle, and the bar of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his ox and his donkey and his sheep and his tent and everything he had, while all Israel was present with him, and they brought them up to the Valley of Achor. | bar ← tongue. |
| Josh 7:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ יַעְכֳּרְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶ֔בֶן וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃ | And Joshua said, “Why have you caused us trouble? The Lord will cause you trouble this day.” Then all Israel stoned him, and they burned them with fire, and they stoned them. | stoned ... stoned ← “bouldered” him (with) stone ... pelted them with stones. |
| Josh 7:26 | וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ עָלָ֜יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֗וֹל עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֠ן קָרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ עֵ֣מֶק עָכ֔וֹר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And they raised a great heap of stones over him, which is there up to this day, and the Lord relented from the fury of his anger. For this reason he called that place the Valley of Achor, as it is up to this day. | |
| Josh 8:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת קַ֣ח עִמְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־עַ֣ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְק֖וּם עֲלֵ֣ה הָעָ֑י רְאֵ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not fear and do not be afraid. Take all the military people with you, and arise and go up to Ai. Look, I have delivered the king of Ai into your hand, with his people and his city and his land. | |
| Josh 8:2 | וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ לָעַ֜י וּלְמַלְכָּ֗הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֤יתָ לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ רַק־שְׁלָלָ֥הּ וּבְהֶמְתָּ֖הּ תָּבֹ֣זּוּ לָכֶ֑ם שִׂים־לְךָ֥ אֹרֵ֛ב לָעִ֖יר מֵאַחֲרֶֽיהָ׃ | So do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho and its king, but you may take as booty its spoils and its cattle for yourselves. Ambush the city behind it.” | ambush ← place yourself (as) an ambusher of. |
| Josh 8:3 | וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־עַ֥ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לַעֲל֣וֹת הָעָ֑י וַיִּבְחַ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף אִישׁ֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם לָֽיְלָה׃ | So Joshua arose with all the military people to go up to Ai, and Joshua selected thirty thousand men, valiant warriors, and he sent them out by night. | to go up: the verb is often used of attacking. |
| Josh 8:4 | וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃ | And he commanded them, and he said, “Look, you are ambushing the city behind the city. Do not go very far from the city, but all of you be prepared. | |
| Josh 8:5 | וַאֲנִ֗י וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֔י נִקְרַ֖ב אֶל־הָעִ֑יר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֵצְא֤וּ לִקְרָאתֵ֙נוּ֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֔ה וְנַ֖סְנוּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I and all the people who are with me will approach the city, and it will be the case that they will come out against us as the first time, and we will flee before them. | |
| Josh 8:6 | וְיָצְא֣וּ אַחֲרֵ֗ינוּ עַ֣ד הַתִּיקֵ֤נוּ אוֹתָם֙ מִן־הָעִ֔יר כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ נָסִ֣ים לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה וְנַ֖סְנוּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they will come after us until we have drawn them away from the city, for they will say, ‘They are fleeing before us as the first time’, and we will flee before them. | |
| Josh 8:7 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם תָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ מֵהָ֣אוֹרֵ֔ב וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | Then you will arise from the ambush and take possession of the city, and the Lord your God will deliver it into your hand. | take possession of: with connotations of inheriting. |
| Josh 8:8 | וְהָיָ֞ה כְּתָפְשְׂכֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעִ֗יר תַּצִּ֤יתוּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ רְא֖וּ צִוִּ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And it will be the case that when you capture the city, you will set the city on fire. You will act according to the word of the Lord. Look, I have commanded you.” | |
| Josh 8:9 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֣ם לָעָ֑י וַיָּ֧לֶן יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ | So Joshua sent them off, and they went to the ambush, and they remained between Beth-El and Ai to the west of Ai, while Joshua lodged that night among the people. | |
| Josh 8:10 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּפְקֹ֖ד אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּ֨עַל ה֜וּא וְזִקְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם הָעָֽי׃ | Then Joshua got up early in the morning, and he reviewed the people, then he and the elders of Israel went up before the people to Ai. | reviewed: or counted, as AV (numbered). So AV differs. |
| Josh 8:11 | וְכָל־הָעָ֨ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֗וֹ עָלוּ֙ וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ נֶ֣גֶד הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעַ֔י וְהַגַּ֖י *בינו **בֵּינָ֥יו וּבֵין־הָעָֽי׃ | And all the military people who were with him went up and approached it, and they came opposite the city, and they encamped to the north of Ai. Now there was a valley between them and Ai. | them: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. The suffix is singular in both cases, referring to the military people, a collective noun. |
| Josh 8:12 | וַיִּקַּ֕ח כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּ֨שֶׂם אוֹתָ֜ם אֹרֵ֗ב בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֥ם לָעִֽיר׃ | And he took about five thousand men and stationed them as an ambush between Beth-El and Ai to the west of the city. | |
| Josh 8:13 | וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃ | And they stationed the people – the whole camp which was to the north of the city – and their trap to the west of the city, while Joshua went into the valley that night. | trap ← heel; rearguard (of an army); supplanter etc. The root can mean fraud, deceit. |
| Josh 8:14 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּרְא֣וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־הָעַ֗י וַֽיְמַהֲר֡וּ וַיַּשְׁכִּ֡ימוּ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָעִ֣יר לִקְרַֽאת־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לַֽמִּלְחָמָ֞ה ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמּוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּֽי־אֹרֵ֥ב ל֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that the men of the city quickly got up and went out to confront Israel in war – he and all his people at the appointed time, before the arid tract – but he did not know that there was an ambush for him behind the city. | got up ← got up early. |
| Josh 8:15 | וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel acted as if beaten by them, and they fled in the direction of the desert. |
acted as if beaten: pointed as niphal for feigning, but it could be re-pointed as hithpael, which is ↴
direction ← way. |
| Josh 8:16 | וַיִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר *בעיר **בָּעַ֔י לִרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיִּנָּתְק֖וּ מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | Then all the people who were {K: in the city} [Q: in Ai] were called upon to pursue them. So they pursued Joshua, and they were drawn out of the city. | ↳ more common for feigning, וַיִּנַּגְּעוּ. See [AnLx] §12.3 for assimilation of the tav before kaph and nun. See Deut 33:29 for a similar issue. |
| Josh 8:17 | וְלֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֣ר אִ֗ישׁ בָּעַי֙ וּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָצְא֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And not a man remained in Ai or Beth-El who did not come out after Israel, and they left the city open, and they pursued Israel. | |
| Josh 8:18 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נְ֠טֵה בַּכִּיד֤וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הָעַ֔י כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וַיֵּ֧ט יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּכִּיד֥וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָד֖וֹ אֶל־הָעִֽיר׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Point the spear in your hand towards Ai, for I will deliver it into your hand.” So Joshua pointed the spear in his hand towards the city. | |
| Josh 8:19 | וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ כִּנְט֣וֹת יָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָעִ֖יר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the ambush arose quickly from its place, and they started to run as he pointed his hand, and they came to the city and captured it, and they quickly set the city on fire. | |
| Josh 8:20 | וַיִּפְנ֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ הָעַ֨י אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם וַיִּרְא֗וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָלָ֜ה עֲשַׁ֤ן הָעִיר֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָנ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וְהָעָם֙ הַנָּ֣ס הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ אֶל־הָרוֹדֵֽף׃ | And the men of Ai turned round and looked, and what they saw was the smoke of the city rising into the sky, and they did not have the ability to flee one way or another, and the people who were fleeing to the desert turned on the pursuer. |
round ← behind them.
what they saw was ← behold. ability ← hands. one way or another ← to here and to here. |
| Josh 8:21 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had captured the city, and that the smoke of the city was rising, and they turned round and attacked the men of the city. | |
| Josh 8:22 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה יָצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ אֵ֥לֶּה מִזֶּ֖ה וְאֵ֣לֶּה מִזֶּ֑ה וַיַּכּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִ֥יד וּפָלִֽיט׃ | Then the others came out of the city towards them, and Israel had them in a pincer, with some on one side and some on the other side, and they struck them down until they had not left a remnant or escapee. | in a pincer ← in the middle. |
| Josh 8:23 | וְאֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ הָעַ֖י תָּ֣פְשׂוּ חָ֑י וַיַּקְרִ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | But they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua. | |
| Josh 8:24 | וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And it came to pass, when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the open land in the desert in which they had chased them, and they had all fallen by the edge of the sword until they had been destroyed, that all Israel returned to Ai, and they struck it with the edge of the sword. | |
| Josh 8:25 | וַיְהִי֩ כָל־הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And all those that fell on that day, both men and women, were twelve thousand – the whole population of Ai. | population ← men, people. |
| Josh 8:26 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לֹֽא־הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָ֖ה בַּכִּיד֑וֹן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱרִ֔ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָעָֽי׃ | And Joshua did not retract his hand with which he pointed the spear until he had obliterated all the inhabitants of Ai, | |
| Josh 8:27 | רַ֣ק הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּשְׁלַל֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔יא בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | except that Israel took the spoils of the cattle and the booty of that city, according to the word of the Lord with which he had commanded Joshua. | |
| Josh 8:28 | וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑י וַיְשִׂימֶ֤הָ תֵּל־עוֹלָם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then Joshua burned Ai and made it an age-abiding mound – a desolation up to this day. | |
| Josh 8:29 | וְאֶת־מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י תָּלָ֥ה עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ עַד־עֵ֣ת הָעָ֑רֶב וּכְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ אֶת־נִבְלָת֣וֹ מִן־הָעֵ֗ץ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אוֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And he hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening time, and as the sun set, Joshua gave commandment, and they took his corpse down from the tree, and they cast it into the entrance of the gate of the city, and they raised up on it a great heap of stones, which is there up to this day. |
tree: or wood. Perhaps gallows.
and they took: or that they take, as purposive use of the vav. Similarly in the clauses following. |
| Josh 8:30 | אָ֣ז יִבְנֶ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל׃ | Then Joshua built an altar to the Lord God of Israel at Mount Ebal, | |
| Josh 8:31 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּה֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּכָּתוּב֙ בְּסֵ֙פֶר֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִזְבַּח֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים שְׁלֵמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־הֵנִ֥יף עֲלֵיהֶ֖ן בַּרְזֶ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּזְבְּח֖וּ שְׁלָמִֽים׃ | as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses – an altar of pure stones, which no-one has used iron on – and they offered burnt offerings to the Lord on it, and they sacrificed peace-offerings. | used ← wielded. |
| Josh 8:32 | וַיִּכְתָּב־שָׁ֖ם עַל־הָאֲבָנִ֑ים אֵ֗ת מִשְׁנֵה֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּתַ֔ב לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he wrote there on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the sons of Israel. | |
| Josh 8:33 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וּזְקֵנָ֡יו וְשֹׁטְרִ֣ים ׀ וְשֹׁפְטָ֡יו עֹמְדִ֣ים מִזֶּ֣ה ׀ וּמִזֶּ֣ה ׀ לָאָר֡וֹן נֶגֶד֩ הַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַלְוִיִּ֜ם נֹשְׂאֵ֣י ׀ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֗ה כַּגֵּר֙ כָּֽאֶזְרָ֔ח חֶצְיוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל הַר־גְּרִזִ֔ים וְהַֽחֶצְי֖וֹ אֶל־מ֣וּל הַר־עֵיבָ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֗ה לְבָרֵ֛ךְ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And all Israel and its elders and officers and its judges stood on either side of the ark, opposite the Levite priests who bear the ark of the covenant of the Lord – the foreigner as well as the native citizen, half of them facing Mount Gerizim and half of them facing Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded at the start, so as to bless the people of Israel. | on either side ← from this and from this. |
| Josh 8:34 | וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן קָרָא֙ אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַתּוֹרָ֔ה הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And after that he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to everything that was written in the book of the law. | |
| Josh 8:35 | לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נֶ֣גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְהַנָּשִׁ֣ים וְהַטַּ֔ף וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַהֹלֵ֥ךְ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ פ | There was no word in everything which Moses commanded which Joshua did not read in the presence of the whole convocation of Israel, including the women and the children and the foreigner who walked in their midst. | |
| Josh 9:1 | וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ ח֚וֹף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And it came to pass that when all the kings who were across the Jordan heard it, in the mountain ranges and the low lying land, and along all the coast of the Great Sea opposite Lebanon – the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite – |
the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean Sea.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 9:2 | וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם עִם־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד׃ פ | that they joined up together to wage war on Joshua and on Israel unanimously. | unanimously ← one mouth. |
| Josh 9:3 | וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י גִבְע֜וֹן שָׁמְע֗וּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ לִֽירִיח֖וֹ וְלָעָֽי׃ | And the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, | Gibeon ← Gib'on, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 9:4 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בְּעָרְמָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ וַיִּקְח֞וּ שַׂקִּ֤ים בָּלִים֙ לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּמְצֹרָרִֽים׃ | and they for their part acted craftily, and they set out and pretended to be travellers, and they took worn-out sacks for the donkeys, and worn-out skin bottles for the wine, which were torn and mended, |
for their part ← they too, but the sense can be wider than this.
pretended to be travellers: hithpael for feigning. Compare Gen 42:7. mended ← bound up. |
| Josh 9:5 | וּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃ | and they wore shoes that were worn out and patched up on their feet, and they had worn-out clothes on them, and all the bread of their provisions was stale and speckled with mould. | speckled ← specks. |
| Josh 9:6 | וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו וְאֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵאֶ֤רֶץ רְחוֹקָה֙ בָּ֔אנוּ וְעַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥נוּ בְרִֽית׃ | And they came to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, and they said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land, so make a covenant with us now.” |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
men ← man. Collective usage. Also in Josh 9:7. make ← cut (plural). |
| Josh 9:7 | *ויאמרו **וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַחִוִּ֑י אוּלַ֗י בְּקִרְבִּי֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְאֵ֖יךְ *אכרות־**אֶֽכְרָת־לְךָ֥ בְרִֽית׃ | And the men of Israel said to the Hivite, “It could be that you dwell in my midst. So how can I make a covenant with you?” |
said: the ketiv is plural, whereas the qeré is singular.
I make ← I cut. The ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. |
| Josh 9:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מִ֥י אַתֶּ֖ם וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֹֽאוּ׃ | And they said to Joshua, “We are your servants”, and Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?” | |
| Josh 9:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו מֵאֶ֨רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בָּ֣אוּ עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ שָׁמְע֔וֹ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And they said to him, “Your servants have come from a very distant land, because of the name of the Lord your God, for we have heard of his fame and everything that he did in Egypt, | |
| Josh 9:10 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה לִשְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן לְסִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן וּלְע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֖ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃ | and everything he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were across the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan, who was in Ashtaroth. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 9:11 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלֵ֡ינוּ זְֽקֵינֵינוּ֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י אַרְצֵ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְח֨וּ בְיֶדְכֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּלְכ֖וּ לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵיהֶם֙ עַבְדֵיכֶ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְעַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥נוּ בְרִֽית׃ | And our elders and all the inhabitants of our land spoke to us and said, ‘Take provisions in your hand for the journey, and go and meet them, and say to them, «We are your servants, so now make a covenant with us.» ’ | make ← cut. |
| Josh 9:12 | זֶ֣ה ׀ לַחְמֵ֗נוּ חָ֞ם הִצְטַיַּ֤דְנוּ אֹתוֹ֙ מִבָּ֣תֵּ֔ינוּ בְּי֥וֹם צֵאתֵ֖נוּ לָלֶ֣כֶת אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָבֵ֔שׁ וְהָיָ֖ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃ | This is our bread. We stocked up with it hot from our houses when we departed to go to you, but now look, it is dry, and it has become speckled with mould. |
when ← on the day.
speckled ← specks. |
| Josh 9:13 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה נֹאד֤וֹת הַיַּ֙יִן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִלֵּ֣אנוּ חֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה הִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ וְאֵ֤לֶּה שַׂלְמוֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּנְעָלֵ֔ינוּ בָּל֕וּ מֵרֹ֥ב הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ מְאֹֽד׃ | And these are our wine bottles which we filled when they were new, but look, they have become torn, and these clothes and shoes of ours are worn out from the great length of the journey.” | |
| Josh 9:14 | וַיִּקְח֥וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִצֵּידָ֑ם וְאֶת־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א שָׁאָֽלוּ׃ | And the men took some of their provisions, but they did not ask for the Lord's pronouncement. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 9:15 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לָהֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְחַיּוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָעֵדָֽה׃ | And Joshua made peace with them, and he made a covenant with them to let them live, and the chiefs of the congregation swore it to them. | made ← cut. |
| Josh 9:16 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקְצֵה֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֕י אֲשֶׁר־כָּרְת֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֑ית וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֗וּ כִּי־קְרֹבִ֥ים הֵם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וּבְקִרְבּ֖וֹ הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ | Then it transpired after three days, after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they lived in their midst. |
after ← at the end of.
made ← cut. they ... their ← he ... his. |
| Josh 9:17 | וַיִּסְע֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל־עָרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וְעָרֵיהֶם֙ גִּבְע֣וֹן וְהַכְּפִירָ֔ה וּבְאֵר֖וֹת וְקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | Then the sons of Israel travelled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah and Beeroth and Kiriath-Jearim. |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
Chephirah ← the Chephirah. Kiriath-Jearim: AV= Kirjath-jearim, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 9:18 | וְלֹ֤א הִכּוּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלֹּ֥נוּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֖ה עַל־הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃ | So the sons of Israel did not attack them, because the chiefs of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel. And the whole congregation complained about the chiefs. | |
| Josh 9:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And all the chiefs said to the whole congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel, so now we cannot touch them. | |
| Josh 9:20 | זֹ֛את נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם וְהַחֲיֵ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ קֶ֔צֶף עַל־הַשְּׁבוּעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְנוּ לָהֶֽם׃ | This is what we will do with them, as we let them live, so that there will not be anger on us on account of the oath which we swore to them ...” |
we let them live: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
The ellipsis is clarified in the next verse. |
| Josh 9:21 | וַיֹּאמְר֧וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם הַנְּשִׂיאִ֖ים יִֽחְי֑וּ וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֙יִם֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבְּר֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃ | And the chiefs said to them, “They shall live ...” And they became hewers of wood and drawers of water for the whole congregation, as the chiefs told them. | they shall live ... they became: AV differs somewhat (let them live... let them be), within the direct speech, but the pointing of וַיִּהְיוּ militates against a jussive. |
| Josh 9:22 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לָמָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִכֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּקִרְבֵּ֥נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ | So Joshua called them and spoke to them, and he said, “Why did you deceive us, saying, ‘We are very distant from you’, whilst you live in our midst? | |
| Josh 9:23 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אֲרוּרִ֣ים אַתֶּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת מִכֶּ֜ם עֶ֗בֶד וְחֹטְבֵ֥י עֵצִ֛ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֖יִם לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | So now, you are cursed, and none of you shall be discharged from being a servant or hewers of wood or drawers of water for the house of my God.” | discharged ← cut off. |
| Josh 9:24 | וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כִּי֩ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֤ד לַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וַנִּירָ֨א מְאֹ֤ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וַֽנַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then they answered Joshua and said, “It is because it was definitely told to your servants what the Lord your God commanded Moses his servant, that he would give you all the land and destroy all the inhabitants of the land before you, and we were very afraid of you for our lives, so we did this thing. |
it was definitely told: infinitive absolute.
lives ← souls. |
| Josh 9:25 | וְעַתָּ֖ה הִנְנ֣וּ בְיָדֶ֑ךָ כַּטּ֨וֹב וְכַיָּשָׁ֧ר בְּעֵינֶ֛יךָ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָ֖נוּ עֲשֵֽׂה׃ | So now, here we are in your hands. Do what is right and proper in your sight to do to us.” |
here we are ← behold us.
hands ← hand. |
| Josh 9:26 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּ֑ן וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אוֹתָ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְלֹ֥א הֲרָגֽוּם׃ | So he did so to them, and he spared them from the hand of the sons of Israel, and they did not kill them. | spared ← delivered, rescued. |
| Josh 9:27 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא חֹטְבֵ֥י עֵצִ֛ים וְשֹׁ֥אֲבֵי מַ֖יִם לָֽעֵדָ֑ה וּלְמִזְבַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחָֽר׃ פ | And Joshua appointed them hewers of wood and drawers of water on that day, to the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, as it is up to this day, at the place which he would yet choose. | |
| Josh 10:1 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם כִּֽי־לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־הָעַי֮ וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כֵּן־עָשָׂ֥ה לָעַ֖י וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ וְכִ֨י הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י גִבְעוֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ | And it came to pass when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and had obliterated it – that as he did to Jericho and its king, so he did to Ai and its king – and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and they were in their midst, |
Adoni-Zedek: [CB]= Adoni-zedec, but other editions of the AV have Adoni-zedek. Also in Josh 10:3.
Jerusalem ← Jerushalaim, or in modern pronunciation, Yerushalaim. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:2 | וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | that they were very afraid, for Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and it was larger than Ai, and all its men were warriors. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶל־הוֹהָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶ֠בְרוֹן וְאֶל־פִּרְאָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמ֜וּת וְאֶל־יָפִ֧יעַ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֛ישׁ וְאֶל־דְּבִ֥יר מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | So Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent messengers to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piram king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon and said, | |
| Josh 10:4 | עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י וְעִזְרֻ֔נִי וְנַכֶּ֖ה אֶת־גִּבְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Come up to me and help me, and we will attack Gibeon, because it has made peace with Joshua and the sons of Israel.” | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:5 | וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | So five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon gathered together and went up – they and all their companies – and they encamped against Gibeon and waged war on it. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
went up: the word often implies going to war. companies ← camps. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:6 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר׃ | Then the men of Gibeon sent messengers to Joshua, to the camp in Gilgal, and they said, “Do not let your support for your servants fail. Come up to us quickly and save us and help us, because all the kings of the Amorites – the inhabitants of the mountain range – are gathered up against us.” |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
in Gilgal ← to the Gilgal. support ← hand. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 10:7 | וַיַּ֨עַל יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל ה֚וּא וְכָל־עַ֤ם הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י הֶחָֽיִל׃ פ | So Joshua went up from Gilgal – he and all the military people with him – and all the valiant warriors. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for I have delivered them into your hand. Not a man of them will stand before you.” | |
| Josh 10:9 | וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And Joshua immediately went to them; he went up from Gilgal all night. |
immediately ← suddenly.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:10 | וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord routed them before Israel, and he struck them with a great blow in Gibeon, and he pursued them on the ascent road to Beth-Horon, and he struck them down as far as Azekah and as far as Makkedah. |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
ascent road to ← ascent road of. |
| Josh 10:11 | וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ ס | And it came to pass, as they fled from Israel, while they were on the descent of Beth-Horon, that the Lord cast great stones at them from heaven, as far as Azekah, and they died. There were more that died by the hailstones than they whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword. | |
| Josh 10:12 | אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן׃ |
Then Joshua spoke to the Lord on the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorite before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel,
“Sun in Gibeon, stand still, And moon too, At the Valley of Aijalon. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. Aijalon: AV= Ajalon here and Josh 19:42; elsewhere Aijalon. |
| Josh 10:13 | וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃ |
And the sun stood still, And the moon stood in place, Until a people had taken vengeance on their enemy.” Is it not written in the Book of the Upright?“And the sun stood in place Half way across the sky And did not hasten to set For a complete day.” |
the Upright ← the Jashar. AV differs (Jasher), taking the word as a name. Compare 2 Sam 1:18.
for: or about. |
| Josh 10:14 | וְלֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְפָנָ֣יו וְאַחֲרָ֔יו לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And there was nothing like that day, before it or after it, in that the Lord obeyed man, for the Lord fought for Israel. | obeyed ← heard the voice of. |
| Josh 10:15 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃ | Then Joshua returned, as did all Israel with him, to the camp in Gilgal. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 10:16 | וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ | And those five kings fled, and they hid in a cave at Makkedah. | |
| Josh 10:17 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ | But it was reported to Joshua as follows: “The five kings have been found hiding in a cave at Makkedah.” | as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| Josh 10:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ גֹּ֛לּוּ אֲבָנִ֥ים גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֶל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהַפְקִ֧ידוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃ | Then Joshua said, “Roll large stones across the entrance to the cave and appoint men over it to guard them. |
entrance ← mouth.
them: grammatically agreeing with the kings, not the stones. |
| Josh 10:19 | וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | But don't you stay. Pursue your enemies and attack them at the rear. Do not let them go to their cities, for the Lord your God has delivered them into your hand.” | |
| Josh 10:20 | וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃ | And it came to pass, when Joshua and the sons of Israel had finished striking them down with a very great blow, until they had been finished off, that the remnant escaped from them and went to the fortified cities. | fortified cities ← cities of fortification, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 10:21 | וַיָּשֻׁבוּ֩ כָל־הָעָ֨ם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֧ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מַקֵּדָ֖ה בְּשָׁל֑וֹם לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְאִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃ | Then all the people returned to the camp – to Joshua – Makkedah being secure, and no-one criticized any of the sons of Israel. |
secure ← in peace / in security.
criticized ← sharpened his tongue. Perhaps the sense is snapped at. any ← a man. |
| Josh 10:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃ | Then Joshua said, “Open the entrance to the cave and bring out to me those five kings from the cave.” | |
| Josh 10:23 | וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֑ה אֵ֣ת ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יַרְמ֔וּת אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ עֶגְלֽוֹן׃ | And they did so, and they brought those five kings to him from the cave – the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. | brought ← brought out. |
| Josh 10:24 | וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when they had brought these kings out to Joshua, that Joshua called for every man of Israel and said to the leaders of the men of war who had gone with him, “Approach, place your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they approached and placed their feet on their necks. | |
| Josh 10:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to them, “Do not fear and do not be afraid. Be strong and take courage, for so the Lord will do to all your enemies with whom you are waging war.” | |
| Josh 10:26 | וַיַּכֵּ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔ם וַיִּתְלֵ֕ם עַ֖ל חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עֵצִ֑ים וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ תְּלוּיִ֥ם עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And after that Joshua struck them and killed them, and he hung them on five trees, and they were hanging on the trees until the evening. | trees (2x): see Josh 8:29. |
| Josh 10:27 | וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And it came to pass, at the time of sunset, that Joshua gave command, and they took them down from the trees, and they cast them into the cave where they had hidden, and they placed large stones at the cave entrance, which are there to this very day. | |
| Josh 10:28 | וְאֶת־מַקֵּדָה֩ לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶרֶב֮ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מַקֵּדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | And Joshua captured Makkedah that day, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, including its king. He obliterated them, along with every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining, and he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done to the king of Jericho. | person ← soul. Perhaps including animals, living thing. See Josh 10:40 every breathing (creature). |
| Josh 10:29 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִמַּקֵּדָ֖ה לִבְנָ֑ה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עִם־לִבְנָֽה׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him crossed from Makkedah to Libnah, and he fought against Libnah. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 10:30 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה גַּם־אוֹתָ֜הּ בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֥יר בָּ֖הּ שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ ס | And the Lord delivered that too into Israel's hand, and its king, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining in it, and he did to its king as he did to the king of Jericho. |
he struck: referring to Israel collectively, or Joshua representing the troops he led. Also below and in subsequent verses.
person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:31 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃ | Then Joshua and all of Israel with him crossed from Libnah to Lachish, and he encamped against it, and he fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:32 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־לָכִ֜ישׁ בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְלִבְנָֽה׃ פ | And the Lord delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, and he captured it on the second day, and he struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it, just as everything he did to Libnah. | person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:33 | אָ֣ז עָלָ֗ה הֹרָם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גֶּ֔זֶר לַעְזֹ֖ר אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִֽיד׃ | Then Horam king of Gezer went up to help Lachish, but Joshua struck him and his people, not leaving him a remnant remaining. | |
| Josh 10:34 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִלָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָה וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him crossed from Lachish to Eglon, and they encamped against it, and they fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:35 | וַֽיִּלְכְּד֜וּהָ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּהָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַנֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְלָכִֽישׁ׃ פ | And they captured it on that day, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, along with every person in it. On that day he obliterated it, just as everything he did to Lachish. | person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:36 | וַיַּ֣עַל יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מֵעֶגְל֖וֹנָה חֶבְר֑וֹנָה וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him went up from Eglon to Hebron, and they fought against it, | |
| Josh 10:37 | וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּהָ וַיַּכּֽוּהָ־לְפִי־חֶ֠רֶב וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֜יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ֙ לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֣יר שָׂרִ֔יד כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְעֶגְל֑וֹן וַיַּחֲרֵ֣ם אוֹתָ֔הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ׃ ס | and they captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and its king, and all its cities, and every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining, just as everything he did to Eglon. And he obliterated it along with every person who was in it. |
cities: i.e. satellite towns.
person (2x) ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:38 | וַיָּ֧שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבִ֑רָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Joshua and the whole of Israel with him returned to Debir, and he fought against it. | |
| Josh 10:39 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְחֶבְר֗וֹן כֵּן־עָשָׂ֤ה לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לְלִבְנָ֖ה וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ׃ | And he captured it and its king, and all its cities, and they struck them with the edge of the sword, and they obliterated every person in it. He did not leave a remnant remaining. Just as he did to Hebron, so he did to Debir and its king, and as he did to Libnah and its king. |
cities: i.e. satellite towns.
person ← soul. See Josh 10:28. |
| Josh 10:40 | וַיַּכֶּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֡רֶץ הָהָר֩ וְהַנֶּ֨גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֜ה וְהָאֲשֵׁד֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Joshua struck the whole land – the mountain range and the south and the low lying land and the ravines – and all their kings. He did not leave a remnant remaining, and he obliterated every breathing creature, as the Lord God of Israel had commanded. | |
| Josh 10:41 | וַיַּכֵּ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ וְעַד־עַזָּ֑ה וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ גֹּ֖שֶׁן וְעַד־גִּבְעֽוֹן׃ | And Joshua struck them from Kadesh-Barnea to Gaza, and all the land of Goshen to Gibeon. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 10:42 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְאֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כִּ֗י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Joshua captured all these kings and their land in one go, because the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. | |
| Josh 10:43 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃ פ | Then Joshua and all Israel with him returned to the camp in Gilgal. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 11:1 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּשְׁמֹ֖עַ יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־חָצ֑וֹר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶל־יוֹבָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מָד֔וֹן וְאֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ שִׁמְר֖וֹן וְאֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַכְשָֽׁף׃ | And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor heard of this, that he sent messengers to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron and to the king of Achshaph, | |
| Josh 11:2 | וְֽאֶל־הַמְּלָכִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִצְּפ֗וֹן בָּהָ֧ר וּבָעֲרָבָ֛ה נֶ֥גֶב כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר מִיָּֽם׃ | and to the kings to the north, in the mountain range, and to those in the arid tract to the south of Kinnereth and in the low lying land, and in the heights of Dor to the west, |
Kinnereth ← Kinaroth with AV= Chinneroth here (a plural form which we singularize and regularize). Mainly Kinnereth elsewhere. See Num 34:11.
heights: AV differs somewhat (borders). |
| Josh 11:3 | הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִמִּזְרָ֣ח וּמִיָּ֔ם וְהָאֱמֹרִ֧י וְהַחִתִּ֛י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י בָּהָ֑ר וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ תַּ֣חַת חֶרְמ֔וֹן בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | and to the Canaanite to the east and to the west, and the Amorite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Jebusite in the mountain range, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16.
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). Both forms occur in the Hebrew, which we follow, but the AV does not always follow it. |
| Josh 11:4 | וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃ | And they came out, as did all their companies with them – a numerous people which is like the sand on the sea-shore in multitude – with horses and chariots in very great number. | companies ← camps. |
| Josh 11:5 | וַיִּוָּ֣עֲד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיַּחֲנ֤וּ יַחְדָּו֙ אֶל־מֵ֣י מֵר֔וֹם לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And all these kings met, and they departed and encamped together at the waters of Merom, to fight against Israel. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 11:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֣ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מִפְּנֵיהֶם֒ כִּֽי־מָחָ֞ר כָּעֵ֣ת הַזֹּ֗את אָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרֹ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for tomorrow at about this time I will be making all of them fallen men before Israel. You will hamstring their horses, and you will burn their chariots with fire.” | |
| Josh 11:7 | וַיָּבֹ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ וְכָל־עַם֩ הַמִּלְחָמָ֨ה עִמּ֧וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם עַל־מֵ֥י מֵר֖וֹם פִּתְאֹ֑ם וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua and all the military people with him came against them suddenly at the waters of Merom, and they attacked them. | |
| Josh 11:8 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּיַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ וַיַּכּוּם֒ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֞וּם עַד־צִיד֣וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וְעַד֙ מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם וְעַד־בִּקְעַ֥ת מִצְפֶּ֖ה מִזְרָ֑חָה וַיַּכֻּ֕ם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־לָהֶ֖ם שָׂרִֽיד׃ | And the Lord delivered them into Israel's hand, and they struck them, and they pursued them as far as Great Sidon and Misrephoth-Maim, and as far as the Valley of Mizpeh in the east. And they struck them without leaving them a remnant remaining. | Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Josh 11:9 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם עִקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | And Joshua did to them as the Lord had told him. He hamstrung their horses, and he burned their chariots with fire. | |
| Josh 11:10 | וַיָּ֨שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ וַיִּלְכֹּ֣ד אֶת־חָצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֖הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶחָ֑רֶב כִּֽי־חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then at that time Joshua turned back and captured Hazor. And he struck its king with the sword, for Hazor in the past was the head of all these kingdoms. | |
| Josh 11:11 | וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ לְפִי־חֶ֙רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה וְאֶת־חָצ֖וֹר שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And they struck every person that was in it with the edge of the sword. He obliterated it. No breathing creature remained, and he burned Hazor with fire. |
person ← soul.
he obliterated: infinitive construct in the role of a finite verb or participle (obliterating). |
| Josh 11:12 | וְֽאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִֽים־הָ֠אֵלֶּה וְֽאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֞ם לָכַ֧ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב הֶחֱרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | And Joshua captured all the cities of those kings, and all their kings, and he struck them with the edge of the sword. He obliterated them as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded. | |
| Josh 11:13 | רַ֣ק כָּל־הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם לֹ֥א שְׂרָפָ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל זוּלָתִ֛י אֶת־חָצ֥וֹר לְבַדָּ֖הּ שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | But Israel did not burn any of the cities which stood on their mound, except for Hazor alone, which Joshua burned. |
any ← all.
mound: AV differs (strength). |
| Josh 11:14 | וְ֠כֹל שְׁלַ֞ל הֶעָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֣ק אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃ | And the sons of Israel took as spoil for themselves all the booty of these cities, and the cattle, but they struck every person with the edge of the sword until they had destroyed them. They did not leave any breathing creature remaining. |
person ← man. Hebrew Adam.
any ← every. |
| Josh 11:15 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ כֵּן־צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֵן֙ עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | As the Lord had commanded Moses his servant, so Moses had commanded Joshua, and so Joshua did. He did not omit anything of all that the Lord commanded Moses. | omit ← remove. |
| Josh 11:16 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֗את הָהָ֤ר וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה׃ | And Joshua took all this land – the mountain range and all the south and all the land of Goshen, and the low lying land and the arid tract and the mountain range of Israel and its low lying land, | Goshen ← the Goshen. |
| Josh 11:17 | מִן־הָהָ֤ר הֶֽחָלָק֙ הָעוֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעַד־בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן תַּ֖חַת הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ לָכַ֔ד וַיַּכֵּ֖ם וַיְמִיתֵֽם׃ | from Mount Halak which goes up to Seir, as far as Baal-Gad in the Valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon – and he captured all their kings, and he struck them and killed them. | Mount Halak ← the smooth mountain. |
| Josh 11:18 | יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | Joshua waged war with all these kings for many days. | |
| Josh 11:19 | לֹֽא־הָיְתָ֣ה עִ֗יר אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִשְׁלִ֙ימָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלְתִּ֥י הַחִוִּ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י גִבְע֑וֹן אֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל לָקְח֥וּ בַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | There was no city which made peace with the sons of Israel except the Hivites – the inhabitants of Gibeon. They took everything in the war. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 11:20 | כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס | For it was from the Lord that their hearts should be hardened to engage in battle with Israel, so as to obliterate them, so that they should not be shown any mercy, for it was so as to destroy them, as the Lord had commanded Moses. |
that their hearts should be hardened ← to harden their heart.
be shown ← have. |
| Josh 11:21 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא וַיַּכְרֵ֤ת אֶת־הָֽעֲנָקִים֙ מִן־הָהָ֤ר מִן־חֶבְרוֹן֙ מִן־דְּבִ֣ר מִן־עֲנָ֔ב וּמִכֹּל֙ הַ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמִכֹּ֖ל הַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עִם־עָרֵיהֶ֖ם הֶחֱרִימָ֥ם יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ | And Joshua came at that time and cut the Anakites off from the mountain range, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab and from every mountain of Judah, and from every mountain of Israel. Joshua obliterated them with their cities. | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 11:22 | לֹֽא־נוֹתַ֣ר עֲנָקִ֔ים בְּאֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֗ק בְּעַזָּ֛ה בְּגַ֥ת וּבְאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ | No Anakites remained in the land of the sons of Israel, except that they remained in Gaza, in Gath and in Ashdod. | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 11:23 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֗רֶץ כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ וַיִּתְּנָהּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְנַחֲלָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כְּמַחְלְקֹתָ֖ם לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | And Joshua took all the land according to everything the Lord had said to Moses. And Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. Then the land rested from war. | |
| Josh 12:1 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מִנַּ֤חַל אַרְנוֹן֙ עַד־הַ֣ר חֶרְמ֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעֲרָבָ֖ה מִזְרָֽחָה׃ | Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel struck and whose land they took possession of across the Jordan on the east, from the Arnon Brook up to Mount Hermon and all the arid tract in the east: | east ← sunrise. |
| Josh 12:2 | סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן מֹשֵׁ֡ל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְת֤וֹךְ הַנַּ֙חַל֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וְעַד֙ יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Sihon king of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon, who ruled from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook, and from the brook, and from half of Gilead to the Jabbok Brook, the border of the sons of Ammon, |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
from ← the middle of. Perhaps standing for (from) the middle (section) or (line) of. Compare Josh 13:9, Josh 13:16. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:3 | וְהָעֲרָבָה֩ עַד־יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת מִזְרָ֗חָה וְ֠עַד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֤ה יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת וּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ן תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ | and the arid tract up to the Sea of Kinnereth to the east, and as far as the Arid Sea – the Dead Sea – to the east, the road to Beth-Jeshimoth, and to the south below Ashdoth-Pisgah, |
Kinnereth ← Kinroth with AV= Chinneroth here. See Num 34:11, Josh 11:2.
the Arid Sea ← the Arid-Tract Sea, i.e. the Dead Sea. the Dead Sea ← the Salt Sea. |
| Josh 12:4 | וּגְב֗וּל ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן מִיֶּ֖תֶר הָרְפָאִ֑ים הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ | and the territory of Og king of Bashan, who was of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, |
Bashan ← the Bashan.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 12:5 | וּ֠מֹשֵׁל בְּהַ֨ר חֶרְמ֤וֹן וּבְסַלְכָה֙ וּבְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן עַד־גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י וַחֲצִי֙ הַגִּלְעָ֔ד גְּב֖וּל סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ | and who ruled at Mount Hermon and in Salcah and in all Bashan up to the border with the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half of Gilead, to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. |
Bashan ← the Bashan.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:6 | מֹשֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֛ה וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הִכּ֑וּם וַֽ֠יִּתְּנָהּ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֜ה יְרֻשָּׁ֗ה לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ ס | Moses the servant of the Lord and the sons of Israel struck them, and Moses the servant of the Lord gave it as a possession to the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 12:7 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יָ֔מָּה מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד־הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק הָעֹלֶ֣ה שֵׂעִ֑ירָה וַיִּתְּנָ֨הּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לְשִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרֻשָּׁ֖ה כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ | And these are the kings of the land, whom Joshua and the sons of Israel struck across the Jordan to the west, from Baal-Gad in the Valley of Lebanon to Mount Halak, which goes up to Seir, land which Joshua gave to the tribes of Israel as a possession, according to their divisions, | Mount Halak: see Josh 11:17. |
| Josh 12:8 | בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ וּבָ֣אֲשֵׁד֔וֹת וּבַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וּבַנֶּ֑גֶב הַֽחִתִּי֙ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ פ | in the mountain range and in the low lying land, and in the arid tracts and in the ravines, and in the desert, and in the south – the land of the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite: | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 12:9 | מֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ אֶחָ֑ד מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י אֲשֶׁר־מִצַּ֥ד בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jericho, one, the king of Ai which is alongside Beth-El, one, | |
| Josh 12:10 | מֶ֤לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חֶבְר֖וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jerusalem, one, the king of Hebron, one, | |
| Josh 12:11 | מֶ֤לֶךְ יַרְמוּת֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Jarmuth, one, the king of Lachish, one, | |
| Josh 12:12 | מֶ֤לֶךְ עֶגְלוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ גֶּ֖זֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Eglon, one, the king of Gezer, one, | |
| Josh 12:13 | מֶ֤לֶךְ דְּבִר֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ גֶּ֖דֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Debir, one, the king of Geder, one, | |
| Josh 12:14 | מֶ֤לֶךְ חָרְמָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עֲרָ֖ד אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Hormah, one, the king of Arad, one, | |
| Josh 12:15 | מֶ֤לֶךְ לִבְנָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עֲדֻלָּ֖ם אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Libnah, one, the king of Adullam, one, | |
| Josh 12:16 | מֶ֤לֶךְ מַקֵּדָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Makkedah, one, the king of Beth-El, one, | |
| Josh 12:17 | מֶ֤לֶךְ תַּפּ֙וּחַ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חֵ֖פֶר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Tappuah, one, the king of Hepher, one, | |
| Josh 12:18 | מֶ֤לֶךְ אֲפֵק֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ לַשָּׁר֖וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Aphek, one, the king of Lasharon, one, | |
| Josh 12:19 | מֶ֤לֶךְ מָדוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ חָצ֖וֹר אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Madon, one, the king of Hazor, one, | |
| Josh 12:20 | מֶ֣לֶךְ שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַכְשָׁ֖ף אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Shimron-Meron, one, the king of Achshaph, one, | |
| Josh 12:21 | מֶ֤לֶךְ תַּעְנַךְ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ מְגִדּ֖וֹ אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Taanach, one, the king of Megiddo, one, | Taanach: although the first syllable is closed, we regard the second a as standing for the ayin. But see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 12:22 | מֶ֤לֶךְ קֶ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶֽלֶךְ־יָקְנֳעָ֥ם לַכַּרְמֶ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Kedesh, one, the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one, | Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| Josh 12:23 | מֶ֥לֶךְ דּ֛וֹר לְנָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר אֶחָ֑ד מֶֽלֶךְ־גּוֹיִ֥ם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃ | the king of Dor of the heights of Dor, one, the king of the nations of Gilgal, one, | heights: AV differs (coast). Compare Josh 11:2. |
| Josh 12:24 | מֶ֥לֶךְ תִּרְצָ֖ה אֶחָ֑ד כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד׃ פ | the king of Tirzah, one. All the kings came to thirty-one. | |
| Josh 13:1 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו אַתָּ֤ה זָקַ֙נְתָּה֙ בָּ֣אתָ בַיָּמִ֔ים וְהָאָ֛רֶץ נִשְׁאֲרָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה־מְאֹ֖ד לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ | Now Joshua was old and advanced in years, and the Lord said to him, “You have become old and advanced in years, but very much of the land remains to be taken possession of. |
years (2x) ← days.
to be taken possession of ← to take possession of it. |
| Josh 13:2 | זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת כָּל־גְּלִיל֥וֹת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְכָל־הַגְּשׁוּרִֽי׃ | This is the land which remains: all the regions of the Philistines, and all Geshuri, | Geshuri ← the Geshuri. |
| Josh 13:3 | מִֽן־הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י מִצְרַ֗יִם וְעַ֨ד גְּב֤וּל עֶקְרוֹן֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הָעַזָּתִ֤י וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִי֙ הָאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י וְהָעֶקְרוֹנִ֖י וְהָעַוִּֽים׃ | from Shihor which is before Egypt up to the border of Ekron to the north, which is reckoned to the Canaanites, five barons of the Philistines: the Gazathites and the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gittites and the Ekronites; also the Avites. |
Shihor ← the Shihor. AV= Sihor.
Ashdodites: AV= Ashdothites. Ashkelonites ← Eshkelonites, but for the city MT is always Ashkelon. AV= Eshkalonites, but for the city it is mixed with Ashkelon / Askelon. also the Avites ← and the Avites, plural. The ↴ |
| Josh 13:4 | מִתֵּימָ֞ן כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וּמְעָרָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַצִּידֹנִ֖ים עַד־אֲפֵ֑קָה עַ֖ד גְּב֥וּל הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | From the south: all the land of the Canaanites and Mearah of the Sidonians to Aphek, to the border of the Amorites, |
↳ other five are in the singular. This justifies considering the Avites separately.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:5 | וְהָאָ֣רֶץ הַגִּבְלִ֗י וְכָל־הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ מִבַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד תַּ֖חַת הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת׃ | and the land of the Giblites, and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal-Gad under Mount Hermon to the approach of Hamath. | east ← sunrise. |
| Josh 13:6 | כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָ֠הָר מִֽן־הַלְּבָנ֞וֹן עַד־מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֙יִם֙ כָּל־צִ֣ידֹנִ֔ים אָֽנֹכִי֙ אוֹרִישֵׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֠ק הַפִּלֶ֤הָ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ | As for all the inhabitants of the mountain range, from Lebanon to Misrephoth-Maim – all the Sidonians – I will dispossess them before the sons of Israel. You just assign it to Israel as an inheritance, as I have commanded you. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| Josh 13:7 | וְעַתָּ֗ה חַלֵּ֞ק אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה לְתִשְׁעַ֣ת הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים וַחֲצִ֖י הַשֵּׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And now, divide this land to be an inheritance for the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 13:8 | עִמּ֗וֹ הָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְהַגָּדִ֔י לָקְח֖וּ נַחֲלָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | With them the Reubenites and the Gadites received their inheritance which Moses gave them across the Jordan on the east, as Moses the servant of the Lord gave them, | |
| Josh 13:9 | מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֥ר מֵידְבָ֖א עַד־דִּיבֽוֹן׃ | from Aroer which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook and the city which is at the middle section of the brook, and all the plain of Medeba to Dibon, | the middle section of the brook: compare Josh 12:2, Josh 13:16. |
| Josh 13:10 | וְכֹ֗ל עָרֵי֙ סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן עַד־גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon and as far as the border of the sons of Ammon, | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:11 | וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י וְכֹ֨ל הַ֥ר חֶרְמ֛וֹן וְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד־סַלְכָֽה׃ | and Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and the Maachathites and all of Mount Hermon and all Bashan as far as Salcah, |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
territory ← border. Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| Josh 13:12 | כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וּת עוֹג֙ בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁר־מָלַ֥ךְ בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי ה֤וּא נִשְׁאַר֙ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִ֔ים וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּרִשֵֽׁם׃ | and all the kingdom of Og in Bashan who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei. It is he who was left from the remainder of the Rephaim, whom Moses struck and dispossessed.” | Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 13:13 | וְלֹ֤א הוֹרִ֙ישׁוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב גְּשׁ֤וּר וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the sons of Israel did not dispossess the Geshurite and the Maachathite, and Geshur and Maachath dwell in the midst of Israel up to this day. | Maachathite ... Maachath: AV= Maachathites ... Maachathites. |
| Josh 13:14 | רַ֚ק לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־לֽוֹ׃ ס | But he did not give an inheritance to the tribe of Levi. The fire-offerings of the Lord God of Israel are their inheritance, as he has said to them. | their inheritance ← its inheritance. |
| Josh 13:15 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave the tribe of the sons of Reuben their inheritance according to their families. | |
| Josh 13:16 | וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֜ם הַגְּב֗וּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל־הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר עַל־מֵידְבָֽא׃ | And they had the territory from Aroer, which is on the bank of the Arnon Brook, and the city which is at the middle section of the brook, and all the plain as far as Medeba, |
territory ← border.
the middle section of the brook: compare Josh 12:2, Josh 13:9. |
| Josh 13:17 | חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן וְכָל־עָרֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֑ר דִּיבוֹן֙ וּבָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּבֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן׃ | namely Heshbon and all its cities which are on the plain, Dibon and Bamoth-Baal and Beth-Baal-Meon, | |
| Josh 13:18 | וְיַ֥הְצָה וּקְדֵמֹ֖ת וּמֵפָֽעַת׃ | and Jahzah and Kedemoth and Mephaath, | Jahzah: AV= Jahazah here, not recognizing the closed syllable. Elsewhere MT AV often have Jahaz, e.g. 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:19 | וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְשִׂבְמָ֔ה וְצֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר בְּהַ֥ר הָעֵֽמֶק׃ | and Kiriathaim and Sibmah and Zereth-Shahar in the mountain range of the valley, |
Kiriathaim: AV= Kirjathaim here.
Zereth-Shahar ← the Zereth-Shahar or Zereth-Hashshahar. AV= Zareth-shahar. |
| Josh 13:20 | וּבֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר וְאַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת׃ | and Beth-Peor and Ashdoth-Pisgah and Beth-Jeshimoth, | |
| Josh 13:21 | וְכֹל֙ עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר וְכָֽל־מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֹת֣וֹ ׀ וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֙קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע נְסִיכֵ֣י סִיח֔וֹן יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck, with the chiefs of Midian – Evi and Rekem, and Zur and Hur and Reba, princes of Sihon – inhabiting the land. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 13:22 | וְאֶת־בִּלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר הַקּוֹסֵ֑ם הָרְג֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֶל־חַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the sons of Israel killed by the sword Balaam the son of Beor, the diviner, among those who were defeated by them. |
killed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Josh 13:23 | וַיְהִ֗י גְּבוּל֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | And the border of the sons of Reuben was the Jordan – as a natural border. This was the inheritance of the sons of Reuben according to their families – their cities with their villages. | as a natural border ← and a border. Apparently pleonastic; it is also used in Num 34:6, Josh 15:12, Josh 15:47. In all cases, water is part of the border. |
| Josh 13:24 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מֹשֶׁה֙ לְמַטֵּה־גָ֔ד לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave an inheritance to the tribe of Gad – to the sons of Gad – according to their families. | |
| Josh 13:25 | וַיְהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ הַגְּב֔וּל יַעְזֵר֙ וְכָל־עָרֵ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וַחֲצִ֕י אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן עַד־עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י רַבָּֽה׃ | And their territory was at Jazer and all the cities of Gilead, and half of the land of the sons of Ammon as far as Aroer which is before Rabbah, |
territory ← border.
Jazer: see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, but in Num 21:32, Jaazer. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:26 | וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עַד־רָמַ֥ת הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּבְטֹנִ֑ים וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם עַד־גְּב֥וּל לִדְבִֽר׃ | and from Heshbon to Ramath-Mizpeh and Betonim, and from Mahanaim up to the border of Debir, | |
| Josh 13:27 | וּבָעֵ֡מֶק בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּבֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְסֻכּ֣וֹת וְצָפ֗וֹן יֶ֚תֶר מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְבֻ֑ל עַד־קְצֵה֙ יָם־כִּנֶּ֔רֶת עֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרָֽחָה׃ | and in the valley, Beth-Haram and Beth-Nimrah, and Succoth and Zaphon – the remainder of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon – with the Jordan as a natural border up to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth across the Jordan, to the east. |
Beth-Haram: AV= Beth-aram.
Kinnereth: see Num 34:11. |
| Josh 13:28 | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽם׃ | This was the inheritance of the sons of Gad according to their families – the cities and the villages. | |
| Josh 13:29 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י לַחֲצִ֛י מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | And Moses gave inheritance to half of the tribe of Manasseh, and to the half-tribe of the sons of Manasseh it belonged, according to their families. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh ... the half-tribe of the sons of Manasseh: different words for tribe in the Hebrew.
belonged ← became. |
| Josh 13:30 | וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִם כָּֽל־הַבָּשָׁ֜ן כָּֽל־מַמְלְכ֣וּת ׀ ע֣וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֗ן וְכָל־חַוֺּ֥ת יָאִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִֽיר׃ | And their border was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the villages of Jair which were in Bashan: sixty cities. | cities: it appears that villages could be given city status. In the 2011 census, St Davids, a city in Wales, had a population of 1841 [Wikipedia]. There is a separate word for town: קִרְיָה. |
| Josh 13:31 | וַחֲצִ֤י הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלְכ֥וּת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָׁ֑ן לִבְנֵ֤י מָכִיר֙ בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֥י בְנֵֽי־מָכִ֖יר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | And half of Gilead and Ashtaroth and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan were given to the sons of Machir the son of Manasseh – to one half of the sons of Machir by their families. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 13:32 | אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת מוֹאָ֑ב מֵעֵ֛בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרִיח֖וֹ מִזְרָֽחָה׃ ס | These are what Moses gave as an inheritance in the arid tracts of Moab across the Jordan, east of Jericho. | |
| Josh 13:33 | וּלְשֵׁ֙בֶט֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה נַחֲלָ֑ה יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָהֶֽם׃ | But to the tribe of Levi Moses did not give any inheritance. The Lord God of Israel is their inheritance, as he said to them. | |
| Josh 14:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִֽחֲל֜וּ אוֹתָ֗ם אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְרָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And these are the places which the sons of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun distributed as an inheritance, with the paternal heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel. |
which: we take אוֹתָם as a (typically Hebraic) redundant object pronoun in apposition to the relative pronoun. AV differs (to them).
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Josh 14:2 | בְּגוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְתִשְׁעַ֥ת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַחֲצִ֥י הַמַּטֶּֽה׃ | Their inheritance was by lot, as the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses, it being for the nine and a half tribes. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 14:3 | כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּטּוֹת֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֔ה מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְלַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | For Moses gave the inheritance of the two and a half tribes across the Jordan, but he did not give the Levites any inheritance among them. | across the Jordan: on the east, the perspective being from the west, where Joshua was. |
| Josh 14:4 | כִּֽי־הָי֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֛ף שְׁנֵ֥י מַטּ֖וֹת מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה וְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַלְוִיִּ֜ם בָּאָ֗רֶץ כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת וּמִ֨גְרְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם לְמִקְנֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְקִנְיָנָֽם׃ | For Joseph's sons became two tribes – Manasseh and Ephraim. But they did not give a portion to the Levites in the land, except cities to inhabit and pasture lands belonging to them, for their cattle and for their property. | belonging to them ← of them, referring to the Levites (masculine), not the cities (feminine). |
| Josh 14:5 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּחְלְק֖וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | As the Lord commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did, and they divided up the land. | |
| Josh 14:6 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו כָּלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה הַקְּנִזִּ֑י אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֶֽת־הַדָּבָר֩ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים עַ֧ל אֹדוֹתַ֛י וְעַ֥ל אֹדוֹתֶ֖יךָ בְּקָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ | Then the sons of Judah approached Joshua in Gilgal, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, “You know the word which the Lord spoke to Moses the man of God concerning me and concerning you in Kadesh-Barnea. |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
Kenizzite: see Num 32:12. |
| Josh 14:7 | בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה אָנֹכִ֗י בִּ֠שְׁלֹחַ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֥ה אֹתִ֛י מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ לְרַגֵּ֣ל אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וָאָשֵׁ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽי׃ | I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the Lord sent me from Kadesh-Barnea to spy out the land, and I reported back to him, in accordance with my heart. | |
| Josh 14:8 | וְאַחַי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָל֣וּ עִמִּ֔י הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | But my brothers who went up with me caused the heart of the people to melt away, but I followed the Lord my God fully. |
caused ... to melt away: with an Aramaic termination.
followed ... fully ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:9 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֗ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִם־לֹ֗א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙ בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתָ אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And Moses swore on that day and said, ‘The land which your foot has trodden on will certainly be yours as an inheritance, and your sons', age-abidingly, for you have fully followed the Lord my God.’ |
will certainly be ← if it will not be, standing for if it is not ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
fully followed ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:10 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּה֩ הֶחֱיָ֨ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אוֹתִי֮ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּר֒ זֶה֩ אַרְבָּעִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֜שׁ שָׁנָ֗ה מֵ֠אָז דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם בֶּן־חָמֵ֥שׁ וּשְׁמוֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And now, look, the Lord has kept me alive, as he said forty-five years ago, since when the Lord spoke this word to Moses, when Israel was walking in the desert, and now, look, I am eighty-five years old today. | |
| Josh 14:11 | עוֹדֶ֨נִּי הַיּ֜וֹם חָזָ֗ק כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ בְּי֨וֹם שְׁלֹ֤חַ אוֹתִי֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא׃ | Today I am still as strong as on the day when Moses sent me. As my strength was then, so my strength is now, in battle and in ordinary affairs. | in ordinary affairs ← to go out and to come in. |
| Josh 14:12 | וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנָה־לִּי֙ אֶת־הָהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י אַתָּֽה־שָׁמַעְתָּ֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא כִּֽי־עֲנָקִ֣ים שָׁ֗ם וְעָרִים֙ גְּדֹל֣וֹת בְּצֻר֔וֹת אוּלַ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אוֹתִי֙ וְה֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | So now, give me this mountain, of which the Lord spoke on that day, for you heard on that day that the Anakites were there, with great fortified cities, but that if the Lord was to be with me, I would dispossess them, as the Lord had said.” | Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 14:13 | וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ | Then Joshua blessed him, and he gave Hebron to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as an inheritance, | |
| Josh 14:14 | עַל־כֵּ֣ן הָיְתָֽה־חֶ֠בְרוֹן לְכָלֵ֨ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֤ה הַקְּנִזִּי֙ לְֽנַחֲלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | which is why Hebron came to belong to Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite as an inheritance, up to this day – because he fully followed the Lord God of Israel. |
came ← became.
Kenizzite: see Num 32:12. fully followed ← filled after. |
| Josh 14:15 | וְשֵׁ֨ם חֶבְר֤וֹן לְפָנִים֙ קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע הָאָדָ֧ם הַגָּד֛וֹל בָּעֲנָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | And the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath-Arba, after Arba, who was the great man of the Anakites. And the land rested from war. |
Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2.
Anakites: AV= Anakims. |
| Josh 15:1 | וַיְהִ֣י הַגּוֹרָ֗ל לְמַטֵּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם אֶל־גְּב֨וּל אֱד֧וֹם מִדְבַּר־צִ֛ן נֶ֖גְבָּה מִקְצֵ֥ה תֵימָֽן׃ | And the lot of the tribe of the sons of Judah, according to their families, was to the border of Edom – the Desert of Zin to the south, at the southern end. | |
| Josh 15:2 | וַיְהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל נֶ֔גֶב מִקְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And their border to the south was from the end of the Dead Sea, from the inlet which faces south. |
Dead Sea ← Salt Sea.
inlet ← tongue. Perhaps promontory. |
| Josh 15:3 | וְ֠יָצָא אֶל־מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה וְעָלָ֥ה מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְעָבַ֤ר חֶצְרוֹן֙ וְעָלָ֣ה אַדָּ֔רָה וְנָסַ֖ב הַקַּרְקָֽעָה׃ | And it went out from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, and it crossed over towards Zin, and it went up from the south to Kadesh-Barnea, and it crossed Hezron and went up to Addar, and it went round to Karkaa. |
the ascent of Akrabbim: AV differs, transliterating the whole (Maaleh-acrabbim). Compare Num 34:4, Judg 1:36. The meaning is ascent of scorpions.
Addar: AV= Adar, ignoring the dagesh forte in the daleth. Karkaa ← the Karkaa. |
| Josh 15:4 | וְעָבַ֣ר עַצְמ֗וֹנָה וְיָצָא֙ נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם *והיה **וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָ֑מָּה זֶה־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ | And it crossed to Azmon and went out to the Brook of Egypt, and {K: the border at the sea was its extreme end} [Q: the extreme end of the border was at the sea]. This will be your southern border. |
Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5.
extreme end ← extremities. |
| Josh 15:5 | וּגְב֥וּל קֵ֙דְמָה֙ יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לַח עַד־קְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וּגְב֞וּל לִפְאַ֤ת צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ מִלְּשׁ֣וֹן הַיָּ֔ם מִקְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And the border to the east was the Dead Sea, up to the end of the Jordan, and the border in the northern corner is from the sea inlet at the end of the Jordan. | inlet ← tongue. See Josh 15:2. |
| Josh 15:6 | וְעָלָ֤ה הַגְּבוּל֙ בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה וְעָבַ֕ר מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְבֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּב֔וּל אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן בֶּן־רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | And the border went up to Beth-Hoglah, and it crossed over in the north to Beth-Arabah, and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. |
Beth-Hoglah: AV= Beth-hogla, ignoring the final hé.
Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah. |
| Josh 15:7 | וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֥וּל ׀ דְּבִרָה֮ מֵעֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒ וְצָפ֜וֹנָה פֹּנֶ֣ה אֶל־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל אֲשֶׁר־נֹ֙כַח֙ לְמַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִנֶּ֖גֶב לַנָּ֑חַל וְעָבַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ אֶל־מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו אֶל־עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל׃ | And the border went up to Debir from the Valley of Achor, and northwards, turning towards Gilgal, which is opposite the ascent of Adummim, which is to the south of the brook, and the border crossed to the water of En-Shemesh, and its extremities were at En-Rogel. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Josh 15:8 | וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב הִ֖יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָלָ֨ה הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵ֤י גֵֽי־הִנֹּם֙ יָ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁ֛ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים צָפֹֽנָה׃ | And the border went up the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to the slope of the Jebusite to the south, that is Jerusalem. And the border went up to the summit of the mountain which faces the Valley of Hinnom on the west, which is at the northern end of the Valley of the Rephaim. |
the Valley of the Son of Hinnom: from which via Greek, Gehenna.
slope ← shoulder. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 15:9 | וְתָאַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל מֵרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֗ר אֶל־מַעְיַן֙ מֵ֣י נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ וְיָצָ֖א אֶל־עָרֵ֣י הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן וְתָאַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ בַּעֲלָ֔ה הִ֖יא קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | And the border was drawn from the summit of the mountain to the source of the water of Nephtoah, and it went out to the cities of Mount Ephron, and the border was drawn to Baalah, that is Kiriath-Jearim. |
Baalah: Kiriath-Baal of Josh 15:60. MT's ultimate stress shows it is not locative (to Baal).
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Josh 15:10 | וְנָסַב֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה יָ֙מָּה֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעָבַ֕ר אֶל־כֶּ֧תֶף הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים מִצָּפ֖וֹנָה הִ֣יא כְסָל֑וֹן וְיָרַ֥ד בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְעָבַ֥ר תִּמְנָֽה׃ | Then the border went round from Baalah westwards to Mount Seir, and it crossed to the side of Mount Jearim on the north, that is Chesalon, and it went down to Beth-Shemesh, and it crossed over to Timnah. | side ← shoulder. |
| Josh 15:11 | וְיָצָ֨א הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף עֶקְרוֹן֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ וְתָאַ֤ר הַגְּבוּל֙ שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָה וְעָבַ֥ר הַר־הַֽבַּעֲלָ֖ה וְיָצָ֣א יַבְנְאֵ֑ל וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת הַגְּב֖וּל יָֽמָּה׃ | And the border went out to the side of Ekron towards the north, then the border was drawn to Shicron, and it crossed over to Mount Baalah, and it went out to Jabneel, and the extremities of the border were at the sea. | |
| Josh 15:12 | וּגְב֣וּל יָ֔ם הַיָּ֥מָּה הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְב֑וּל זֶ֠ה גְּב֧וּל בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֛ה סָבִ֖יב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the border to the west went to the Great Sea – as a natural border. This is the border of the sons of Judah round about, according to their families. | as a natural border: see Josh 13:23. |
| Josh 15:13 | וּלְכָלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֗ה נָ֤תַן חֵ֙לֶק֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע אֲבִ֥י הָעֲנָ֖ק הִ֥יא חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And to Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a share in the midst of the sons of Judah according to the pronouncement of the Lord to Joshua: Kiriath-Arba (Arba being the father of Anak), that is Hebron. |
|| Judg 1:20.
pronouncement ← mouth. Kiriath-Arba: AV differs (city of Arba), but not in Josh 14:15. See Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 15:14 | וַיֹּ֤רֶשׁ מִשָּׁם֙ כָּלֵ֔ב אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָעֲנָֽק׃ | And Caleb dispossessed the three sons of Anak of that place: Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai – the offspring of Anak. |
|| Judg 1:20.
of that place ← of there. |
| Josh 15:15 | וַיַּ֣עַל מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּבִ֑ר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִ֥ר לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | Then he went up from there to the inhabitants of Debir. Now the name of Debir was previously Kiriath-Sepher. |
|| Judg 1:11.
Kiriath-Sepher: AV= Kirjath-sepher, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 15:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר כָּלֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֥ה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר וּלְכָדָ֑הּ וְנָתַ֥תִּי ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-Sepher and captures it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as a wife.” |
|| Judg 1:12.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Josh 15:17 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֛הּ עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־קְנַ֖ז אֲחִ֣י כָלֵ֑ב וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's brother, captured it, and he gave him Achsah his daughter as a wife. | || Judg 1:13, 1 Chr 4:13. |
| Josh 15:18 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ וַתְּסִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה וַתִּצְנַ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ כָּלֵ֖ב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And it came to pass when she came to him that she persuaded him to ask for a field from her father. So she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What is the matter?” |
|| Judg 1:14.
she persuaded him to ask: see Judg 1:14. what is the matter? ← what to you? |
| Josh 15:19 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר תְּנָה־לִּ֣י בְרָכָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ נְתַתָּ֔נִי וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֗הּ אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃ פ | And she said, “Give me a blessing, for you have given me the land of the south, so give me springs of water.” Then he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs. | || Judg 1:15. |
| Josh 15:20 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Judah, according to their families. | |
| Josh 15:21 | וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ הֶעָרִ֗ים מִקְצֵה֙ לְמַטֵּ֣ה בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶל־גְּב֥וּל אֱד֖וֹם בַּנֶּ֑גְבָּה קַבְצְאֵ֥ל וְעֵ֖דֶר וְיָגֽוּר׃ | And the cities from the boundary of the tribe of the sons of Judah to the border of Edom in the south were: Kabzeel and Eder and Jagur, | |
| Josh 15:22 | וְקִינָ֥ה וְדִֽימוֹנָ֖ה וְעַדְעָדָֽה׃ | and Kinah and Dimonah and Adadah, | |
| Josh 15:23 | וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְחָצ֖וֹר וְיִתְנָֽן׃ | and Kedesh and Hazor and Ithnan, | Perhaps the “cities” of verses 23 - 25 form Hazor. |
| Josh 15:24 | זִ֥יף וָטֶ֖לֶם וּבְעָלֽוֹת׃ | Ziph and Telem and Bealoth, | |
| Josh 15:25 | וְחָצ֤וֹר ׀ חֲדַתָּה֙ וּקְרִיּ֔וֹת חֶצְר֖וֹן הִ֥יא חָצֽוֹר׃ | and Hazor-Hadattah and Kerioth and Hezron which is Hazor, |
Hazor-Hadattah: AV differs, regarding this as two towns, but Hazor has already been mentioned (Josh 15:23).
Kerioth and Hezron: perhaps one town, Kerioth-Hezron. |
| Josh 15:26 | אֲמָ֥ם וּשְׁמַ֖ע וּמוֹלָדָֽה׃ | Amam and Shema and Moladah, | |
| Josh 15:27 | וַחֲצַ֥ר גַּדָּ֛ה וְחֶשְׁמ֖וֹן וּבֵ֥ית פָּֽלֶט׃ | and Hazar-Gaddah and Heshmon and Beth-Pelet, | Beth-Pelet: AV= Beth-palet, the pausal form. Compare Neh 11:26. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 15:28 | וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע וּבִזְיוֹתְיָֽה׃ | and Hazar-Shual and Beersheba and Bizjothjah, | |
| Josh 15:29 | בַּעֲלָ֥ה וְעִיִּ֖ים וָעָֽצֶם׃ | Baalah and Iim and Ezem, | Ezem: AV= Azem, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 15:30 | וְאֶלְתּוֹלַ֥ד וּכְסִ֖יל וְחָרְמָֽה׃ | and Eltolad and Chesil and Hormah, | |
| Josh 15:31 | וְצִֽקְלַ֥ג וּמַדְמַנָּ֖ה וְסַנְסַנָּֽה׃ | and Ziklag and Madmannah and Sansannah, | Ziklag ← Zikelag here, the first syllable being open; see 1 Chr 4:30. |
| Josh 15:32 | וּלְבָא֥וֹת וְשִׁלְחִ֖ים וְעַ֣יִן וְרִמּ֑וֹן כָּל־עָרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וָתֵ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Lebaoth and Shilhim and Ain and Rimmon – all the cities came to twenty-nine in number, with their villages. | |
| Josh 15:33 | בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה אֶשְׁתָּא֥וֹל וְצָרְעָ֖ה וְאַשְׁנָֽה׃ | In the lowland: Eshtaol and Zorah and Ashnah, | Zorah ← Zor'ah, the first syllable being closed. AV= Zoreah. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:34 | וְזָנ֙וֹחַ֙ וְעֵ֣ין גַּנִּ֔ים תַּפּ֖וּחַ וְהָעֵינָֽם׃ | and Zanoah and En-Gannim, Tappuah and Enam, | Enam ← the Enam. |
| Josh 15:35 | יַרְמוּת֙ וַעֲדֻלָּ֔ם שׂוֹכֹ֖ה וַעֲזֵקָֽה׃ | Jarmuth and Adullam, Sochoh and Azekah, | Sochoh: AV= Socoh here. See 1 Sam 17:1. |
| Josh 15:36 | וְשַׁעֲרַ֙יִם֙ וַעֲדִיתַ֔יִם וְהַגְּדֵרָ֖ה וּגְדֵרֹתָ֑יִם עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Shaaraim and Adithaim and Gederah and Gederothaim – fourteen cities with their villages; |
Shaaraim: AV= Sharaim.
Gederah ← the Gederah. |
| Josh 15:37 | צְנָ֥ן וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה וּמִגְדַּל־גָּֽד׃ | Zenan and Hadashah and Migdal-Gad, | |
| Josh 15:38 | וְדִלְעָ֥ן וְהַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וְיָקְתְאֵֽל׃ | and Dilan and Mizpeh and Joktheel, |
Dilan ← Dil'an. AV= Dilean, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21.
Mizpeh ← the Mizpeh. Joktheel: ambiguously ↴ |
| Josh 15:39 | לָכִ֥ישׁ וּבָצְקַ֖ת וְעֶגְלֽוֹן׃ | Lachish and Bozkath and Eglon, | ↳ spelled in Hebrew (closed syllable but no metheg). We retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:40 | וְכַבּ֥וֹן וְלַחְמָ֖ס וְכִתְלִֽישׁ׃ | and Cabbon and Lahmas and Kithlish, | Lahmas: AV= Lahmam, as in some manuscripts. |
| Josh 15:41 | וּגְדֵר֕וֹת בֵּית־דָּג֥וֹן וְנַעֲמָ֖ה וּמַקֵּדָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon and Naamah and Makkedah – sixteen cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:42 | לִבְנָ֥ה וָעֶ֖תֶר וְעָשָֽׁן׃ | Libnah and Ether and Ashan, | |
| Josh 15:43 | וְיִפְתָּ֥ח וְאַשְׁנָ֖ה וּנְצִֽיב׃ | and Jephthah and Ashnah and Nezib, | Jephthah ← Jiphtah, as AV, but elsewhere the AV uses Jephthah for this name, to which we conform here. See Judg 11:1, but we allow Jiphtah-El. |
| Josh 15:44 | וּקְעִילָ֥ה וְאַכְזִ֖יב וּמָֽרֵאשָׁ֑ה עָרִ֥ים תֵּ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Keilah and Achzib and Mareshah – nine cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:45 | עֶקְר֥וֹן וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶֽיהָ׃ | Ekron with its satellites and its villages; | satellites ← daughters. Similarly in other verses. |
| Josh 15:46 | מֵעֶקְר֖וֹן וָיָ֑מָּה כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־יַ֥ד אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | from Ekron westwards: all that were next to Ashdod with their villages, | westwards: AV differs (to the sea), from which the direction is derived, because the sea is the Mediterranean. So the sense is not affected. |
| Josh 15:47 | אַשְׁדּ֞וֹד בְּנוֹתֶ֣יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶ֗יהָ עַזָּ֥ה בְּנוֹתֶ֥יהָ וַחֲצֵרֶ֖יהָ עַד־נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהַיָּ֥ם *הגבול **הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְבֽוּל׃ ס | Ashdod, its satellites, and its villages, Gaza, its satellites and its villages, as far as the Brook of Egypt and {K: the sea – the border} [Q: the Great Sea] – as a natural border; |
Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5.
as a natural border: see Josh 13:23. |
| Josh 15:48 | וּבָהָ֑ר שָׁמִ֥יר וְיַתִּ֖יר וְשׂוֹכֹֽה׃ | and in the mountain area: Shamir and Jattir and Sochoh, | Sochoh: AV= Socoh here. See 1 Sam 17:1. |
| Josh 15:49 | וְדַנָּ֥ה וְקִרְיַת־סַנָּ֖ה הִ֥יא דְבִֽר׃ | and Dannah and Kiriath-Sannah, which is Debir, | Kiriath-Sannah: AV= Kirjath-sannah, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 15:50 | וַעֲנָ֥ב וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖ה וְעָנִֽים׃ | and Anab and Eshtemoh and Anim, | |
| Josh 15:51 | וְגֹ֥שֶׁן וְחֹלֹ֖ן וְגִלֹ֑ה עָרִ֥ים אַֽחַת־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Goshen and Holon and Giloh – eleven cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:52 | אֲרַ֥ב וְרוּמָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁעָֽן׃ | Arab and Rumah and Eshan, |
Rumah: AV= Dumah.
Eshan ← Esh'an. AV= Eshean, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:53 | *וינים **וְיָנ֥וּם וּבֵית־תַּפּ֖וּחַ וַאֲפֵֽקָה׃ | {K: Janim} [Q: Janum] and Beth-Tappuah and Aphekah, | |
| Josh 15:54 | וְחֻמְטָ֗ה וְקִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן וְצִיעֹ֑ר עָרִ֥ים תֵּ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and Humtah and Kiriath-Arba, which is Hebron, and Zior – nine cities with their villages; | Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 15:55 | מָע֥וֹן ׀ כַּרְמֶ֖ל וָזִ֥יף וְיוּטָּֽה׃ | Maon, Carmel and Ziph and Juttah, | |
| Josh 15:56 | וְיִזְרְעֶ֥אל וְיָקְדְעָ֖ם וְזָנֽוֹחַ׃ | and Jezreel and Jokdeam and Zanoah, | Jezreel ← Jizreel, but we retain the conventional spelling. |
| Josh 15:57 | הַקַּ֖יִן גִּבְעָ֣ה וְתִמְנָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים עֶ֖שֶׂר וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | Cain, Gibeah and Timnah – ten cities with their villages; |
Cain ← the Cain.
Gibeah ← Gib'ah, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 15:58 | חַלְח֥וּל בֵּֽית־צ֖וּר וּגְדֽוֹר׃ | Halhul, Beth-Zur and Gedor, | |
| Josh 15:59 | וּמַעֲרָ֥ת וּבֵית־עֲנ֖וֹת וְאֶלְתְּקֹ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שֵׁ֖שׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Maarath and Beth-Anoth and Eltekon – six cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 15:60 | קִרְיַת־בַּ֗עַל הִ֛יא קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִ֖ים וְהָֽרַבָּ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שְׁתַּ֖יִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | Kiriath-Baal which is Kiriath-Jearim and Rabbah – two cities with their villages; |
Kiriath-Baal ... Kiriath-Jearim: AV= Kirjath-baal ... Kirjath-jearim, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim.
Rabbah ← the Rabbah. |
| Josh 15:61 | בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר בֵּ֚ית הָעֲרָבָ֔ה מִדִּ֖ין וּסְכָכָֽה׃ | in the desert: Beth-Arabah, Middin and Sechachah, |
Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah.
Sechachah: AV= Secacah, but we follow ↴ |
| Josh 15:62 | וְהַנִּבְשָׁ֥ן וְעִיר־הַמֶּ֖לַח וְעֵ֣ין גֶּ֑דִי עָרִ֥ים שֵׁ֖שׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Nibshan and the City of Salt and En-Gedi – six cities with their villages. |
↳ AV's usual transliteration of a soft kaph as ch, as in Achan (Josh 7:1).
Nibshan ← the Nibshan. |
| Josh 15:63 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹֽא־*יוכלו **יָכְל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְהֽוֹרִישָׁ֑ם וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַיְבוּסִ֜י אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | But as for the Jebusites – the inhabitants of Jerusalem – the sons of Judah {K: are not able} [Q: were not able] to dispossess them, and the Jebusites have been dwelling with the sons of Judah in Jerusalem up to this day. |
are not able (ketiv): or will not be able, but the present tense is justifiable; compare Deut 14:24, Deut 22:3.
|| Judg 1:21. |
| Josh 16:1 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ מִיַּרְדֵּ֣ן יְרִיח֔וֹ לְמֵ֥י יְרִיח֖וֹ מִזְרָ֑חָה הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר עֹלֶ֧ה מִירִיח֛וֹ בָּהָ֖ר בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And the lot of Joseph's sons came out as from the Jordan at Jericho to the water of Jericho to the east – the desert which rises from Jericho at Mount Beth-El. | |
| Josh 16:2 | וְיָצָ֥א מִבֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל ל֑וּזָה וְעָבַ֛ר אֶל־גְּב֥וּל הָאַרְכִּ֖י עֲטָרֽוֹת׃ | And it came out as from Beth-El to Luz, and it crossed over to the border of Archi, to Ataroth. | Archi ← the Archi. |
| Josh 16:3 | וְיָֽרַד־יָ֜מָּה אֶל־גְּב֣וּל הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י עַ֣ד גְּב֧וּל בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן וְעַד־גָּ֑זֶר וְהָי֥וּ *תצאתו **תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָֽמָּה׃ | And it went down to the west, to the border of Japhleti as far as the border of Lower Beth-Horon, and as far as Gezer, and its limits were at the sea. |
limits: the ketiv reads limit, but it is perhaps an admissible scriptio defectiva spelling of limits.
Japhleti ← the Japhleti. |
| Josh 16:4 | וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And the sons of Joseph, of Manasseh and Ephraim, inherited it. | |
| Josh 16:5 | וַיְהִ֛י גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל נַחֲלָתָם֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר עַד־בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | And the border of the sons of Ephraim according to their families was assigned, and the border of their inheritance was to the east, in Ataroth-Addar as far as Upper Beth-Horon. | Ataroth-Addar ← Atroth-Addar. See Num 32:34. |
| Josh 16:6 | וְיָצָ֨א הַגְּב֜וּל הַיָּ֗מָּה הַֽמִּכְמְתָת֙ מִצָּפ֔וֹן וְנָסַ֧ב הַגְּב֛וּל מִזְרָ֖חָה תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה וְעָבַ֣ר אוֹת֔וֹ מִמִּזְרַ֖ח יָנֽוֹחָה׃ | And the border went out westwards to Michmethath in the north, and the border went round to the east to Taanath-Shiloh, and it passed it on the east, proceeding to Janohah. | Michmethath: AV= Michmethah. |
| Josh 16:7 | וְיָרַ֥ד מִיָּנ֖וֹחָה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְנַעֲרָ֑תָה וּפָגַע֙ בִּֽירִיח֔וֹ וְיָצָ֖א הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And it went down from Janohah to Ataroth and to Naarath, and it reached Jericho, and it went out to the Jordan. | |
| Josh 16:8 | מִתַּפּ֜וּחַ יֵלֵ֨ךְ הַגְּב֥וּל יָ֙מָּה֙ נַ֣חַל קָנָ֔ה וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּ֑מָּה זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | The border goes from Tappuah westwards to the Kanah Brook, and its limits are at the sea. This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim according to their families. | |
| Josh 16:9 | וְהֶעָרִ֗ים הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כָּֽל־הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And the separate cities of the sons of Ephraim were among the inheritance of the sons of Manasseh – all the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 16:10 | וְלֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁוּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֜י בְּקֶ֤רֶב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד׃ פ | But they did not dispossess the Canaanite who was living in Gezer, and the Canaanite lived in the midst of Ephraim, as it is up to this day, and they were under tribute service. | || Judg 1:29. |
| Josh 17:1 | וַיְהִ֤י הַגּוֹרָל֙ לְמַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא בְּכ֣וֹר יוֹסֵ֑ף לְמָכִיר֩ בְּכ֨וֹר מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲבִ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֗ד כִּ֣י ה֤וּא הָיָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ הַגִּלְעָ֥ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן׃ | And there was the lot for the tribe of Manasseh, because he was Joseph's firstborn, the lot for Machir Manasseh's firstborn, the father of Gilead, for he was a man of war, and he had Gilead and Bashan. |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 17:2 | וַ֠יְהִי לִבְנֵ֨י מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה הַנּוֹתָרִים֮ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִבְנֵ֨י אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר וְלִבְנֵי־חֵ֗לֶק וְלִבְנֵ֤י אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙ וְלִבְנֵי־שֶׁ֔כֶם וְלִבְנֵי־חֵ֖פֶר וְלִבְנֵ֣י שְׁמִידָ֑ע אֵ֠לֶּה בְּנֵ֨י מְנַשֶּׁ֧ה בֶּן־יוֹסֵ֛ף הַזְּכָרִ֖ים לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Manasseh who remained had a lot according to their families: for the sons of Abiezer and for the sons of Helek, and for the sons of Asriel, and for the sons of Shechem, and for the sons of Hepher, and for the sons of Shemida. These were the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph – the males – according to their families. | |
| Josh 17:3 | וְלִצְלָפְחָד֩ בֶּן־חֵ֨פֶר בֶּן־גִּלְעָ֜ד בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לֹא־הָ֥יוּ ל֛וֹ בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֹתָ֔יו מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה׃ | But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, did not have any sons, but only daughters, and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah and Tirzah. |
Zelophehad: see Num 26:33.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 17:4 | וַתִּקְרַ֡בְנָה לִפְנֵי֩ אֶלְעָזָ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְלִפְנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְלִפְנֵ֤י הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ אַחֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם אֶל־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ נַֽחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֥י אֲבִיהֶֽן׃ | And they came into the presence of Eleazar the priest and of Joshua the son of Nun, and of the leaders, and they said, “The Lord commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brothers.” And he gave them an inheritance according to the pronouncement of the Lord, among their father's brothers. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 17:5 | וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה לְבַ֞ד מֵאֶ֤רֶץ הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְהַבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And the portions of Manasseh fell, ten of them in number, apart from the land of Gilead and Bashan which are across the Jordan. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 17:6 | כִּ֚י בְּנ֣וֹת מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ בָּנָ֑יו וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ הַגִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִבְנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָרִֽים׃ | For the daughters of Manasseh received an inheritance among his sons, and the land of Gilead was for the remaining sons of Manasseh. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 17:7 | וַיְהִ֤י גְבוּל־מְנַשֶּׁה֙ מֵֽאָשֵׁ֔ר הַֽמִּכְמְתָ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וְהָלַ֤ךְ הַגְּבוּל֙ אֶל־הַיָּמִ֔ין אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י עֵ֥ין תַּפּֽוּחַ׃ | And the border of Manasseh was from Asher to Michmethath, which is in front of Shechem, and the border went to the right, to the inhabitants of En-Tappuah. | Michmethath: AV= Michmethah. |
| Josh 17:8 | לִמְנַשֶּׁ֕ה הָיְתָ֖ה אֶ֣רֶץ תַּפּ֑וּחַ וְתַפּ֛וּחַ אֶל־גְּב֥וּל מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Manasseh had the land of Tappuah, but Tappuah itself up to Manasseh's border was for the sons of Ephraim. | |
| Josh 17:9 | וְיָרַ֣ד הַגְּבוּל֩ נַ֨חַל קָנָ֜ה נֶ֣גְבָּה לַנַּ֗חַל עָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּת֖וֹךְ עָרֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וּגְב֤וּל מְנַשֶּׁה֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לַנַּ֔חַל וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּֽמָּה׃ | And the border went down to the Kanah Brook southwards – towards the brook. These cities were for Ephraim in the midst of the cities of Manasseh, and Manasseh's border was to the north of the brook, and its limits were at the sea. | were ← was (so discordant). In Josh 18:12 etc. there are ketiv / qeré variations of this expression. |
| Josh 17:10 | נֶ֣גְבָּה לְאֶפְרַ֗יִם וְצָפ֙וֹנָה֙ לִמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וַיְהִ֥י הַיָּ֖ם גְּבוּל֑וֹ וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן וּבְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִמִּזְרָֽח׃ | To the south it was Ephraim's and to the north it was Manasseh's. And the sea was its border, and they met with the territory of Asher in the north, and with that of Issachar in the east. | |
| Josh 17:11 | וַיְהִ֨י לִמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה בְּיִשָּׂשכָ֣ר וּבְאָשֵׁ֗ר בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן וּ֠בְנוֹתֶיהָ וְיִבְלְעָ֨ם וּבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וְֽאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֧י דֹ֣אר וּבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י עֵֽין־דֹּר֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י תַעְנַךְ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י מְגִדּ֖וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת הַנָּֽפֶת׃ | And Manasseh had in Issachar's territory and in Asher's territory: Beth-Shean and its satellites, and Ibleam and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Dor and its satellites, and the inhabitants of En-Dor and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its satellites, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its satellites – the three highlands. |
|| Judg 1:27.
satellites (6x) ← daughters. Taanach ← Ta'nach, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Josh 17:12 | וְלֹ֤א יָכְלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לְהוֹרִ֖ישׁ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיּ֙וֹאֶל֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | But the sons of Manasseh could not dispossess these cities, and the Canaanites resolved to dwell in this land. |
|| Judg 1:27.
resolved: or were willing, or, as in Gen 18:27, undertook. |
| Josh 17:13 | וַֽיְהִ֗י כִּ֤י חָֽזְקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י לָמַ֑ס וְהוֹרֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And it came about that, when the sons of Israel became strong, they put the Canaanites under tribute, but they did not dispossess them at all. |
|| Judg 1:28.
dispossess them at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 17:14 | וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְחֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽאֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥נִי יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the sons of Joseph spoke with Joshua and said, “Why have you given me as an inheritance one lot and one portion, whilst I am a numerous people inasmuch as so far the Lord has blessed me?” | |
| Josh 17:15 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ אִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙ עֲלֵ֣ה לְךָ֣ הַיַּ֔עְרָה וּבֵרֵאתָ֤ לְךָ֙ שָׁ֔ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַפְּרִזִּ֖י וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים כִּֽי־אָ֥ץ לְךָ֖ הַר־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And Joshua said to them, “If you are a numerous people, get moving up into the woodland and reclaim land for yourself there, in the land of the Perizzite and the Rephaim, for Mount Ephraim is too confined for you.” |
get moving up ← go up for yourself. Idiomatic.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). |
| Josh 17:16 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לֹֽא־יִמָּ֥צֵא לָ֖נוּ הָהָ֑ר וְרֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֗ל בְּכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־הָעֵ֔מֶק לַֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְלַֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | Then the sons of Joseph said, “The mountain is not sufficient for us, but all the Canaanites who live in the valley area have iron chariots, both they of Beth-Shean and its satellites, and they of the Valley of Jezreel.” |
sufficient: or at hand.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Josh 17:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וְלִמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר עַם־רַ֣ב אַתָּ֗ה וְכֹ֤חַ גָּדוֹל֙ לָ֔ךְ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ גּוֹרָ֥ל אֶחָֽד׃ | Then Joshua spoke to the house of Joseph – to Ephraim and to Manasseh – and he said, “You are a numerous people, and you have great strength. You will not have just one lot. | |
| Josh 17:18 | כִּ֣י הַ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ כִּֽי־יַ֣עַר ה֔וּא וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְךָ֖ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־תוֹרִ֣ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י כִּ֣י רֶ֤כֶב בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י חָזָ֖ק הֽוּא׃ פ | For you will have a mountain, for it is woodland, and you will reclaim it, and its limits will belong to you, for you will dispossess the Canaanite, although they have iron chariots and although they are strong.” | limits will belong ← limits will be; become. Discordant in number. Compare Josh 17:9. |
| Josh 18:1 | וַיִּקָּ֨הֲל֜וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיַּשְׁכִּ֥ינוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהָאָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the whole congregation of the sons of Israel was convened at Shiloh, and they set up the tent of contact there. And the land was subdued before them. | the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| Josh 18:2 | וַיִּוָּֽתְרוּ֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם שִׁבְעָ֖ה שְׁבָטִֽים׃ | Now there remained among the sons of Israel those who had not been apportioned their inheritance – seven tribes. | had not been apportioned ← whom they had not apportioned. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Josh 18:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַד־אָ֙נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Joshua said to the sons of Israel, “How long will you be slack in going to take possession of the land which the Lord God of your fathers has given you? | in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 18:4 | הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑בֶט וְאֶשְׁלָחֵ֗ם וְיָקֻ֜מוּ וְיִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָאָ֛רֶץ וְיִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛הּ לְפִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖ם וְיָבֹ֥אוּ אֵלָֽי׃ | Appoint yourselves three men per tribe, and I will send them, and they will get up and walk around the land, and document it according to their inheritance, and then they will come to me. | document ← write. |
| Josh 18:5 | וְהִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְשִׁבְעָ֣ה חֲלָקִ֑ים יְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד עַל־גְּבוּלוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶב וּבֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף יַעַמְד֥וּ עַל־גְּבוּלָ֖ם מִצָּפֽוֹן׃ | And they will divide it into seven portions. Judah will remain in his territory in the south, and the house of Joseph will remain in their territory to the north. | territory (2x) ← border. |
| Josh 18:6 | וְאַתֶּ֞ם תִּכְתְּב֤וּ אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה חֲלָקִ֔ים וַֽהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖י הֵ֑נָּה וְיָרִ֨יתִי לָכֶ֤ם גּוֹרָל֙ פֹּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And you will document the land as seven portions, and you will report to me here, and I will cast lots for you here before the Lord our God. |
document ← write.
report ← bring (word). |
| Josh 18:7 | כִּ֠י אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק לַלְוִיִּם֙ בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑וֹ וְגָ֡ד וּרְאוּבֵ֡ן וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה לָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗ם מֵעֵ֤בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ | For the Levites do not have a portion in your midst, for the Lord's priesthood is their inheritance, and Gad and Reuben and half of the tribe of Manasseh received their inheritance across the Jordan on the east, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave them.” |
their inheritance ← his inheritance.
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 18:8 | וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיְצַ֣ו יְהוֹשֻׁ֡עַ אֶת־הַהֹלְכִים֩ לִכְתֹּ֨ב אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָאָ֜רֶץ וְכִתְב֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י וּ֠פֹה אַשְׁלִ֨יךְ לָכֶ֥ם גּוֹרָ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ | Then the men got up and departed, and Joshua commanded those who went to document the land, and he said, “Go and walk around the land and document it, then return to me, and I will cast lots for you here in the presence of the Lord in Shiloh.” | document (2x) ← write. |
| Josh 18:9 | וַיֵּלְכ֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיַּעַבְר֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּכְתְּב֧וּהָ לֶֽעָרִ֛ים לְשִׁבְעָ֥ה חֲלָקִ֖ים עַל־סֵ֑פֶר וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁלֹֽה׃ | So the men departed and crossed the land and documented it by cities in seven portions in a book. Then they came back to Joshua at the camp at Shiloh, | documented ← wrote. |
| Josh 18:10 | וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֩ לָהֶ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ גּוֹרָ֛ל בְּשִׁלֹ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְחַלֶּק־שָׁ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ פ | and Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh, in the presence of the Lord, and Joshua apportioned the land there to the sons of Israel according to their divisions. | |
| Josh 18:11 | וַיַּ֗עַל גּוֹרַ֛ל מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיֵּצֵא֙ גְּב֣וּל גּֽוֹרָלָ֔ם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף׃ | And the lot of the sons of Benjamin came up according to their families, and the territory of their lot came out as between the sons of Judah and the sons of Joseph. | territory ← border. |
| Josh 18:12 | וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֧ם הַגְּב֛וּל לִפְאַ֥ת צָפ֖וֹנָה מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעָלָ֣ה הַגְּבוּל֩ אֶל־כֶּ֨תֶף יְרִיח֜וֹ מִצָּפ֗וֹן וְעָלָ֤ה בָהָר֙ יָ֔מָּה *והיה **וְהָיוּ֙ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו מִדְבַּ֖רָה בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃ | And their border in the northern quarter was from the Jordan, and the border went up to the side of Jericho in the north, then it went up to the mountain range westwards, and {Q: its limits were} [K: it was the case that its limits were] at the Desert of Beth-Aven. | |
| Josh 18:13 | וְעָבַר֩ מִשָּׁ֨ם הַגְּב֜וּל ל֗וּזָה אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף ל֙וּזָה֙ נֶ֔גְבָּה הִ֖יא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְיָרַ֤ד הַגְּבוּל֙ עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר עַל־הָהָ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר מִנֶּ֥גֶב לְבֵית־חֹר֖וֹן תַּחְתּֽוֹן׃ | The border then crossed over from there to Luz, to the slope of Luz, going south, that is to Beth-El, then the border went down to Ataroth-Addar at the mountain which is south of Lower Beth-Horon. |
slope ← shoulder.
Ataroth-Addar ← Atroth-Addar. AV= Ataroth-adar. See Josh 15:3, Num 32:34. |
| Josh 18:14 | וְתָאַ֣ר הַגְּבוּל֩ וְנָסַ֨ב לִפְאַת־יָ֜ם נֶ֗גְבָּה מִן־הָהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֵית־חֹרוֹן֮ נֶגְבָּה֒ *והיה **וְהָי֣וּ תֹֽצְאֹתָ֗יו אֶל־קִרְיַת־בַּ֙עַל֙ הִ֚יא קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים עִ֖יר בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה זֹ֖את פְּאַת־יָֽם׃ | And the border was drawn, and it went round the western quarter southwards from the mountain which is before Beth-Horon, southwards, and {Q: its limits were} [K: it was the case that its limits were] at Kiriath-Baal, that is Kiriath-Jearim, a city of the sons of Judah. This is the western quarter. | Kiriath-Baal ... Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 15:60. |
| Josh 18:15 | וּפְאַת־נֶ֕גְבָּה מִקְצֵ֖ה קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים וְיָצָ֤א הַגְּבוּל֙ יָ֔מָּה וְיָצָ֕א אֶל־מַעְיַ֖ן מֵ֥י נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ׃ | And the southern quarter was from the end of Kiriath-Jearim, and the border went out westwards, and it went out to the water-source of Nephtoah. | Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Josh 18:16 | וְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָהָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִ֖ים צָפ֑וֹנָה וְיָרַד֩ גֵּ֨י הִנֹּ֜ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ נֶ֔גְבָּה וְיָרַ֖ד עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל׃ | And the border went down to the end of the mountain range which is by the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, which is in the Valley of the Rephaim to the north. And it went down the Valley of Hinnom to the side of Jebusi on the south, and it went down to En-Rogel. |
Valley of the Son of Hinnom: see Josh 15:8.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giants). side ← shoulder. |
| Josh 18:17 | וְתָאַ֣ר מִצָּפ֗וֹן וְיָצָא֙ עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְיָצָא֙ אֶל־גְּלִיל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־נֹ֖כַח מַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֑ים וְיָרַ֕ד אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן בֶּן־רְאוּבֵֽן׃ | And it was drawn from the north, and it went out to En-Shemesh, and it went out to Geliloth, which is opposite the ascent to Adummim, then it went down to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. | |
| Josh 18:18 | וְעָבַ֛ר אֶל־כֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה צָפ֑וֹנָה וְיָרַ֖ד הָעֲרָבָֽתָה׃ | And it crossed over to the side opposite Arabah to the north, and then descended to Arabah itself. | Arabah (2x) ← the Arabah, or the arid tract. |
| Josh 18:19 | וְעָבַ֨ר הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָה֒ *והיה **וְהָי֣וּ ׀ *תצאותיו **תֹּצְא֣וֹת הַגְּב֗וּל אֶל־לְשׁ֤וֹן יָם־הַמֶּ֙לַח֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן נֶ֑גְבָּה זֶ֖ה גְּב֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ | And the border crossed the side of Beth-Hoglah northwards, and {Q: the limits of the border were} [K: it was the case that its limits – the border – were] at the inlet of the Dead Sea to the north and at the southern end of the Jordan. This is the southern border. |
side ← shoulder.
inlet: see Josh 15:2. Dead Sea ← Salt Sea. |
| Josh 18:20 | וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן יִגְבֹּל־אֹת֖וֹ לִפְאַת־קֵ֑דְמָה זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן לִגְבֽוּלֹתֶ֛יהָ סָבִ֖יב לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | And the Jordan formed its border in the eastern quarter. This was the inheritance of the sons of Benjamin according to their enclosing borders, according to their families. | enclosing ← round about. |
| Josh 18:21 | וְהָי֣וּ הֶֽעָרִ֗ים לְמַטֵּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם יְרִיח֥וֹ וּבֵית־חָגְלָ֖ה וְעֵ֥מֶק קְצִֽיץ׃ | And the cities which belonged to the tribe of the sons of Benjamin according to their families were: Jericho and Beth-Hoglah and the Valley of Keziz, | |
| Josh 18:22 | וּבֵ֧ית הָֽעֲרָבָ֛ה וּצְמָרַ֖יִם וּבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃ | and Beth-Arabah and Zemaraim and Beth-El, | Beth-Arabah ← the Beth-Arabah. |
| Josh 18:23 | וְהָעַוִּ֥ים וְהַפָּרָ֖ה וְעָפְרָֽה׃ | and Avim and Parah and Ophrah, | Avim ... Parah ← the Avim ... the Parah. |
| Josh 18:24 | וּכְפַ֧ר *העמני **הָֽעַמֹּנָ֛ה וְהָֽעָפְנִ֖י וָגָ֑בַע עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and {K: Chephar-Haammoni} [Q: Chephar-Haammonah] and Ophni and Geba – twelve cities with their villages; |
Ophni ← the Ophni.
Geba: AV differs, having the pausal form Gaba here and in Ezra 2:26, but elsewhere, for this consonantal word, Geba or Gibeah. Geba is distinct from Gibeah in [LHG]. See Josh 15:57. |
| Josh 18:25 | גִּבְע֥וֹן וְהָֽרָמָ֖ה וּבְאֵרֽוֹת׃ | Gibeon and Ramah and Beeroth, |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Josh 18:26 | וְהַמִּצְפֶּ֥ה וְהַכְּפִירָ֖ה וְהַמֹּצָֽה׃ | and Mizpeh and Chephirah and Mozah, | Mizpeh ... Chephirah ... Mozah ← the Mizpeh ... the Chephirah ... the Mozah. |
| Josh 18:27 | וְרֶ֥קֶם וְיִרְפְּאֵ֖ל וְתַרְאֲלָֽה׃ | and Rekem and Irpeel and Taralah, | |
| Josh 18:28 | וְצֵלַ֡ע הָאֶ֜לֶף וְהַיְבוּסִ֨י הִ֤יא יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת קִרְיַ֔ת עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶ֑ן זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ פ | and Zela, Eleph and Jebusi – that is Jerusalem – Gibeath, Kiriath – fourteen cities with their villages. This was the inheritance of the sons of Benjamin according to their families. |
Zela: AV= Zelah.
Eleph ... Jebusi ← the Eleph ... the Jebusi. Gibeath ← Gib'ath, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. Kiriath: AV= Kirjath, but ↴ |
| Josh 19:1 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֤ל הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לְשִׁמְע֔וֹן לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the second lot came out for Simeon – for the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their families – and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the sons of Judah. | ↳ sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Josh 19:2 | וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּנַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם בְּאֵֽר־שֶׁ֥בַע וְשֶׁ֖בַע וּמוֹלָדָֽה׃ | And they had as their inheritance Beersheba and Sheba and Moladah, |
as their inheritance ← in their inheritance.
Beersheba and Sheba: AV differs (Beer-sheba or Sheba), which allows for a total of 13 in Josh 19:6. Perhaps these or other cities were a conurbation counted as one. |
| Josh 19:3 | וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבָלָ֖ה וָעָֽצֶם׃ | and Hazar-Shual and Balah and Ezem, | Ezem: AV= Azem. See Josh 15:29. |
| Josh 19:4 | וְאֶלְתּוֹלַ֥ד וּבְת֖וּל וְחָרְמָֽה׃ | and Eltolad and Bethul and Hormah, | |
| Josh 19:5 | וְצִֽקְלַ֥ג וּבֵית־הַמַּרְכָּב֖וֹת וַחֲצַ֥ר סוּסָֽה׃ | and Ziklag and Beth-Marcaboth and Hazar-Susah, | |
| Josh 19:6 | וּבֵ֥ית לְבָא֖וֹת וְשָֽׁרוּחֶ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Beth-Lebaoth and Sharuhen – thirteen cities with their villages; | |
| Josh 19:7 | עַ֥יִן ׀ רִמּ֖וֹן וָעֶ֣תֶר וְעָשָׁ֑ן עָרִ֥ים אַרְבַּ֖ע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Ain, Rimmon, and Ether and Ashan – four cities with their villages; | Rimmon: AV= Remmon. |
| Josh 19:8 | וְכָל־הַֽחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר סְבִיבוֹת֙ הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה עַד־בַּֽעֲלַ֥ת בְּאֵ֖ר רָ֣אמַת נֶ֑גֶב זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | and all the villages that are around these cities, up to Baalath-Beer and Ramath of the south. This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:9 | מֵחֶ֙בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה נַחֲלַ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הָיָ֞ה חֵ֤לֶק בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ רַ֣ב מֵהֶ֔ם וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן בְּת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽם׃ פ | The inheritance of the sons of Simeon came from the portion of the sons of Judah, for the portion of the sons of Judah was too great for them, and the sons of Simeon received an inheritance within their inheritance. | |
| Josh 19:10 | וַיַּ֙עַל֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לִבְנֵ֥י זְבוּלֻ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י גְּב֥וּל נַחֲלָתָ֖ם עַד־שָׂרִֽיד׃ | Then the third lot came up, for the sons of Zebulun, according to their families, and the border of their inheritance was up to Sarid. | |
| Josh 19:11 | וְעָלָ֨ה גְבוּלָ֧ם ׀ לַיָּ֛מָּה וּמַרְעֲלָ֖ה וּפָגַ֣ע בְּדַבָּ֑שֶׁת וּפָגַע֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔חַל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם׃ | And their border went up to the west, and to Maralah, and it reached Dabbesheth, and it reached the brook which is before Jokneam. | Dabbesheth: AV= Dabbasheth, the pausal form. |
| Josh 19:12 | וְשָׁ֣ב מִשָּׂרִ֗יד קֵ֚דְמָה מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ עַל־גְּב֥וּל כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר וְיָצָ֥א אֶל־הַדָּֽבְרַ֖ת וְעָלָ֥ה יָפִֽיעַ׃ | And it came back from Sarid eastwards, towards the sunrise, to the border of Chisloth-Tabor, and it went out to Daberath, and it went up to Japhia. | Daberath ← the Daberath. |
| Josh 19:13 | וּמִשָּׁ֤ם עָבַר֙ קֵ֣דְמָה מִזְרָ֔חָה גִּתָּ֥ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין וְיָצָ֛א רִמּ֥וֹן הַמְּתֹאָ֖ר הַנֵּעָֽה׃ | And from there it crossed eastwards, towards the sunrise, to Gittah-Hepher and Ittah-Kazin, and it went out to Rimmon-Methoar, and to Neah. |
Rimmon-Methoar: AV= Remmon-methoar.
Neah ← the Neah. |
| Josh 19:14 | וְנָסַ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ הַגְּב֔וּל מִצְּפ֖וֹן חַנָּתֹ֑ן וְהָיוּ֙ תֹּֽצְאֹתָ֔יו גֵּ֖י יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל׃ | And the border went round it to the north at Hannathon and its limits were at the Valley of Jiphtah-El, | Jiphtah-El: AV= Jiphthah-el, not recognizing the dagesh lene. |
| Josh 19:15 | וְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem – twelve cities with their villages. |
Nahalal: AV= Nahallal, but in Josh 21:35 AV= Nahalal.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Josh 19:16 | זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם הֶֽעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:17 | לְיִ֨שָּׂשכָ֔ר יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽרְבִיעִ֑י לִבְנֵ֥י יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | The fourth lot came out for Issachar – for the sons of Issachar according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:18 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּבוּלָ֑ם יִזְרְעֶ֥אלָה וְהַכְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְשׁוּנֵֽם׃ | And their border was towards Jezreel and Chesuloth and Shunem, |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
Chesuloth ← the Chesuloth (with one el). AV= Chesulloth. |
| Josh 19:19 | וַחֲפָרַ֥יִם וְשִׁיאֹ֖ן וַאֲנָחֲרַֽת׃ | and Hapharaim and Shion and Anaharath, | Shion ← Shi'on. AV ([CB] edition)= Shihon. |
| Josh 19:20 | וְהָֽרַבִּ֥ית וְקִשְׁי֖וֹן וָאָֽבֶץ׃ | and Rabbith and Kishion and Ebez, |
Rabbith ← the Rabbith.
Ebez: AV= Abez, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| Josh 19:21 | וְרֶ֧מֶת וְעֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְעֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ׃ | and Remeth and En-Gannim and En-Haddah and Beth-Pazzez. | |
| Josh 19:22 | וּפָגַע֩ הַגְּב֨וּל בְּתָב֤וֹר *ושחצומה **וְשַׁחֲצִ֙ימָה֙ וּבֵ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ וְהָי֛וּ תֹּצְא֥וֹת גְּבוּלָ֖ם הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And the border reached Tabor and {K: Shahazumah} [Q: Shahazimah] and Beth-Shemesh, and the limits of their border were at the Jordan – sixteen cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:23 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar according to their families – the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:24 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ | Then the fifth lot came out, for the tribe of the sons of Asher, according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:25 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּבוּלָ֑ם חֶלְקַ֥ת וַחֲלִ֖י וָבֶ֥טֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף׃ | And their border was at Helkath and Hali and Beten and Achshaph, | |
| Josh 19:26 | וְאַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְעַמְעָ֖ד וּמִשְׁאָ֑ל וּפָגַ֤ע בְּכַרְמֶל֙ הַיָּ֔מָּה וּבְשִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת׃ | and Alammelech and Amad and Mishal, and it reached Carmel to the west, and to Shihor-Libnath. | Mishal ← Mish'al. AV= Misheal, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 19:27 | וְשָׁ֨ב מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֮ בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ וּפָגַ֣ע בִּ֠זְבֻלוּן וּבְגֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל צָפ֛וֹנָה בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּנְעִיאֵ֑ל וְיָצָ֥א אֶל־כָּב֖וּל מִשְּׂמֹֽאל׃ | And it came back eastwards to Beth-Dagon, and it reached the territory of Zebulun and the Valley of Jiphtah-El to the north of Beth-Emek and Neiel, and it went out to Cabul on the left hand side, |
eastwards ← the rising of the sun.
Jiphtah-El: see Josh 19:14. |
| Josh 19:28 | וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה עַ֖ד צִיד֥וֹן רַבָּֽה׃ | and Ebron and Rehob and Hammon and Kanah, as far as Great Sidon. |
Ebron: AV= Hebron. Not the same Hebrew spelling as Hebron of Josh 20:7.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Josh 19:29 | וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה וְעַד־עִ֖יר מִבְצַר־צֹ֑ר וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ חֹסָ֔ה *ויהיו **וְהָי֧וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֛יו הַיָּ֖מָּה מֵחֶ֥בֶל אַכְזִֽיבָה׃ | And the border returned to Ramah and to the fortified city of Tyre, then the border returned to Hosah. And its limits to the west were from the region of Achzib. |
were: we take the ketiv as a vav conversive form.
Ramah ← the Ramah. Tyre ← Zor, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Josh 19:30 | וְעֻמָ֥ה וַאֲפֵ֖ק וּרְחֹ֑ב עָרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | And Umah and Aphek and Rehob – twenty-two cities with their villages. | Umah ← 'Umah. AV= Ummah. |
| Josh 19:31 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:32 | לִבְנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֔י יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י לִבְנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ | The sixth lot came out for the sons of Naphtali – for the sons of Naphtali according to their families. | |
| Josh 19:33 | וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מֵחֵ֨לֶף מֵֽאֵל֜וֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל עַד־לַקּ֑וּם וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And their border was from Heleph and from Elon at Zaanannim and Adami, Nekeb and Jabneel, up to Lakkum. And its limits were at the Jordan. |
Elon: AV= Allon.
Nekeb ← the Nekeb. Lakkum: AV= Lakum. were ← was. See Josh 17:9. |
| Josh 19:34 | וְשָׁ֨ב הַגְּב֥וּל יָ֙מָּה֙ אַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר וְיָצָ֥א מִשָּׁ֖ם חוּקֹ֑קָה וּפָגַ֨ע בִּזְבֻל֜וּן מִנֶּ֗גֶב וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ פָּגַ֣ע מִיָּ֔ם וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And the border returned westwards to Aznoth-Tabor, and it went out from there to Hukok, and it adjoined the territory of Zebulun in the south, and it adjoined the territory of Asher in the west, and of Judah at the Jordan towards the east. |
Hukok: AV= Hukkok here, but Hukok in 1 Chr 6:60 (1 Chr 6:75AV).
east ← rising of the sun. |
| Josh 19:35 | וְעָרֵ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר הַצִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְחַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְכִנָּֽרֶת׃ | And it took in the fortified cities of Ziddim, Zer and Hammath, Rakkath and Kinnereth, |
Ziddim ← the Ziddim.
Hammath: distinguished from Hamath in [LWG]. Kinnereth: see Num 34:11. |
| Josh 19:36 | וַאֲדָמָ֥ה וְהָרָמָ֖ה וְחָצֽוֹר׃ | and Adamah and Ramah and Hazor, | Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Josh 19:37 | וְקֶ֥דֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְעֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר׃ | and Kedesh and Edrei and En-Hazor, | |
| Josh 19:38 | וְיִרְאוֹן֙ וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ עָרִ֥ים תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and Iron and Migdal-El, Horem and Beth-Anath and Beth-Shemesh – nineteen cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:39 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali according to their families – the cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:40 | לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֥ל הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | The seventh lot came out for the tribe of the sons of Dan according to their families, | |
| Josh 19:41 | וַיְהִ֖י גְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם צָרְעָ֥ה וְאֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְעִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | and the territory of their inheritance was Zorah and Eshtaol and Ir-Shemesh, |
territory ← border.
Zorah: as AV, correctly identifying the initial closed syllable and qamets hatuf. We could bring out the force of the pharyngeal, the ayin, with Zor'ah. See Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 19:42 | וְשַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְאַיָּל֖וֹן וְיִתְלָֽה׃ | and Shaalabbin and Aijalon and Jithlah, |
Aijalon: AV= Ajalon here and Josh 10:12; elsewhere Aijalon.
Jithlah: AV= Jethlah. |
| Josh 19:43 | וְאֵיל֥וֹן וְתִמְנָ֖תָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃ | and Elon and Timnah and Ekron, | Timnah: AV= Thimnathah, a lenited form (th for t), and it is apparently a locative form, but often used non-locatively. See Gen 38:12. |
| Josh 19:44 | וְאֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְגִבְּת֖וֹן וּבַעֲלָֽת׃ | and Eltekeh and Gibbethon and Baalath, | |
| Josh 19:45 | וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־רִמּֽוֹן׃ | and Jehud and Bene-Berak and Gath-Rimmon, | |
| Josh 19:46 | וּמֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְהָֽרַקּ֑וֹן עִֽם־הַגְּב֖וּל מ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ׃ | and Me-Jarkon and Rakkon with the border opposite Japho. |
Me-Jarkon ← the Me-Jarkon.
Rakkon ← the Rakkon. |
| Josh 19:47 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א גְבוּל־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן מֵהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־דָ֠ן וַיִּלָּחֲמ֨וּ עִם־לֶ֜שֶׁם וַיִּלְכְּד֥וּ אוֹתָ֣הּ ׀ וַיַּכּ֧וּ אוֹתָ֣הּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב וַיִּֽרְשׁ֤וּ אוֹתָהּ֙ וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ לְלֶ֙שֶׁם֙ דָּ֔ן כְּשֵׁ֖ם דָּ֥ן אֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | And the border of the sons of Dan went out from them, and the sons of Dan went up and fought against Leshem and captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and they took possession of it and dwelt in it, and they called it Leshem Dan, after the name of Dan their father. |
from them: unclear, from these places? AV differs (too little) for them. Perhaps the sense is that some territory was temporarily lost.
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Josh 19:48 | זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶֽעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ | This was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan according to their families – these cities with their villages. | |
| Josh 19:49 | וַיְכַלּ֥וּ לִנְחֹל־אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לִגְבֽוּלֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִיהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And they finished inheriting the land according to its borders, and the sons of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun in their midst. | |
| Josh 19:50 | עַל־פִּ֨י יְהוָ֜ה נָ֣תְנוּ ל֗וֹ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיִּבְנֶ֥ה אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃ | They gave him the city which he had asked for, according to the pronouncement of the Lord: Timnath-Serah on Mount Ephraim, and he built the city and dwelt in it. | pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Josh 19:51 | אֵ֣לֶּה הַנְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ וִיהוֹשֻׁ֪עַ בִּן־נ֟וּן וְרָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֣וֹת לְמַטּוֹת֩ בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל ׀ בְּגוֹרָ֤ל ׀ בְּשִׁלֹה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיְכַלּ֕וּ מֵֽחַלֵּ֖ק אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | These were the inheritances which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun, and the chief men of the fathers caused the tribes of the sons of Israel to inherit by lot in Shiloh before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of contact, and they finished dividing the land. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
fathers caused the tribes ... to inherit: AV differs (fathers of the tribes etc.), also possible. Supporting our translation, נָחַל in qal and piel can have prepositional linkage with לְ [AnLx]. Josh 21:1 has different Hebrew linkage of these same words. |
| Josh 20:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Joshua and said, | |
| Josh 20:2 | דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר תְּנ֤וּ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַמִּקְלָ֔ט אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | “Speak to the sons of Israel and say, ‘Appoint for yourselves the cities of refuge, about which I have told you through the intermediacy of Moses, | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 20:3 | לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֙מָּה֙ רוֹצֵ֔חַ מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה בִּבְלִי־דָ֑עַת וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְמִקְלָ֔ט מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם׃ | so that a manslayer can flee there – one who strikes a person by accident, unintentionally – and they will be a refuge for you from the avenger of blood. |
person ← soul.
unintentionally ← not to know. |
| Josh 20:4 | וְנָ֞ס אֶל־אַחַ֣ת ׀ מֵהֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְעָמַד֙ פֶּ֚תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וְדִבֶּ֛ר בְּאָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָעִֽיר הַהִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑יו וְאָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנוּ־ל֥וֹ מָק֖וֹם וְיָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽם׃ | And he will flee to one of these cities, and he will stand at the entrance of the gate of the city and relate his case in the audience of the elders of that city, and they will absorb him in the city with them, and they will give him a place, and he will dwell with them. | in the city ← to the city. |
| Josh 20:5 | וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹֽא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | And if the avenger of blood pursues him, they will not deliver the manslayer into his hand, because he struck his neighbour unintentionally not having hated him in the past. |
unintentionally: see Josh 20:3.
in the past ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Josh 20:6 | וְיָשַׁ֣ב ׀ בָּעִ֣יר הַהִ֗יא עַד־עָמְד֞וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הָֽעֵדָה֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם אָ֣ז ׀ יָשׁ֣וּב הָרוֹצֵ֗חַ וּבָ֤א אֶל־עִירוֹ֙ וְאֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ אֶל־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֥ס מִשָּֽׁם׃ | And he shall dwell in that city until he stands before the congregation in judgment, until the death of the high priest who is in office in those days. Then the manslayer will return and go to his city and to his house – to the city from which he fled.’ ” | |
| Josh 20:7 | וַיַּקְדִּ֜שׁוּ אֶת־קֶ֤דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִיל֙ בְּהַ֣ר נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְאֶת־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּהַ֥ר יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So they sanctified Kedesh in Galilee at Mount Naphtali, and Shechem at Mount Ephraim, and Kiriath-Arba – that is Hebron – at the mountain of Judah. |
sanctified: AV differs (appointed), losing the religious import.
Galilee ← Galil. Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Josh 20:8 | וּמֵעֵ֜בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן יְרִיחוֹ֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה נָתְנ֞וּ אֶת־בֶּ֧צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֛ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֖ר מִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֑ן וְאֶת־רָאמֹ֤ת בַּגִּלְעָד֙ מִמַּטֵּה־גָ֔ד וְאֶת־*גלון **גּוֹלָ֥ן בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן מִמַּטֵּ֥ה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And across the Jordan east of Jericho they appointed Bezer in the desert, in the plains of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead, of the tribe of Gad, and {Q: Golan} [K: Galon] in Bashan of the tribe of Manasseh. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 20:9 | אֵ֣לֶּה הָיוּ֩ עָרֵ֨י הַמּֽוּעָדָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּר֙ הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֔ם לָנ֣וּס שָׁ֔מָּה כָּל־מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֑ה וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם עַד־עָמְד֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָֽה׃ פ | These were the cities appointed for all the sons of Israel and for the foreigner temporarily resident in their midst, for them to flee there – anyone striking a person accidentally – so that he does not die at the hand of the avenger of blood, up to when he stands before the congregation. |
anyone ← everyone.
person ← soul. |
| Josh 21:1 | וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֗וּ רָאשֵׁי֙ אֲב֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶל־אֶלְעָזָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וְאֶל־רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the paternal heads of the Levites approached Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun, and the paternal heads of the tribes of the sons of Israel. | Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Josh 21:2 | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם בְּשִׁלֹ֗ה בְּאֶ֤רֶץ כְּנַ֙עַן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ עָרִ֖ים לָשָׁ֑בֶת וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֖ן לִבְהֶמְתֵּֽנוּ׃ | And they spoke to them in Shiloh in the land of Canaan, and they said, “The Lord gave commandment through the intermediacy of Moses to give us cities to inhabit with their pasture lands for our cattle.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 21:3 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל לַלְוִיִּ֛ם מִנַּחֲלָתָ֖ם אֶל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | So the sons of Israel gave the Levites their due from their own inheritance, according to the instruction of the Lord – these cities with their pasture lands. | instruction ← mouth. |
| Josh 21:4 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַגּוֹרָ֖ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֑י וַיְהִ֡י לִבְנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֣ה יְ֠הוּדָה וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה הַשִּׁמְעֹנִ֜י וּמִמַּטֵּ֤ה בִנְיָמִן֙ בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל עָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ ס | And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites, and the sons of Aaron the priest – members of the Levites – had from the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of the Simeonites and from the tribe of Benjamin, by lot, thirteen cities. | Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:5 | וְלִבְנֵ֨י קְהָ֜ת הַנּוֹתָרִ֗ים מִמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת מַטֵּֽה־אֶ֠פְרַיִם וּֽמִמַּטֵּה־דָ֞ן וּמֵחֲצִ֨י מַטֵּ֧ה מְנַשֶּׁ֛ה בַּגּוֹרָ֖ל עָרִ֥ים עָֽשֶׂר׃ ס | And to the sons of Kohath who remained were given – from the families of the tribe of Ephraim and from the tribe of Dan and from the half-tribe of Manasseh – ten cities by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:46 (1 Chr 6:61AV).
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:6 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁ֗וֹן מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת מַטֵּֽה־יִשָּׂשכָ֣ר וּמִמַּטֵּֽה־אָ֠שֵׁר וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה נַפְתָּלִ֜י וּ֠מֵחֲצִי מַטֵּ֨ה מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה בַבָּשָׁן֙ בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל עָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ ס | And to the sons of Gershon were given – from the families of the tribe of Issachar and from the tribe of Asher and from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan – thirteen cities by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:47 (1 Chr 6:62AV).
Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| Josh 21:7 | לִבְנֵ֨י מְרָרִ֜י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֨ה רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּמִמַּטֵּה־גָד֙ וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | To the sons of Merari, according to their families were given – from the tribe of Reuben and from the tribe of Gad and from the tribe of Zebulun – twelve cities. | || 1 Chr 6:48 (1 Chr 6:63AV). |
| Josh 21:8 | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶת־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בַּגּוֹרָֽל׃ פ | So the sons of Israel gave the Levites these cities with their pasture lands, as the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses, by lot. |
|| 1 Chr 6:49 (1 Chr 6:64AV).
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 21:9 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ מִמַּטֵּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמִמַּטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֑וֹן אֵ֚ת הֶֽעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥א אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשֵֽׁם׃ | And from the tribe of the sons of Judah and from the tribe of the sons of Simeon, they gave these cities which he specified by name. |
|| 1 Chr 6:50 (1 Chr 6:65AV).
specified ← called. |
| Josh 21:10 | וַֽיְהִי֙ לִבְנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן מִמִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַקְּהָתִ֖י מִבְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֑י כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, of the sons of Levi, had what follows, because they had the first lot, |
|| 1 Chr 6:39 (1 Chr 6:54AV).
Kohathites: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:11 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־קִרְיַת֩ אַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽעֲנ֛וֹק הִ֥יא חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּהַ֣ר יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖הָ סְבִיבֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | and they were given Kiriath-Arba (Arba being the father of Anak), that is Hebron, in the mountain range of Judah, and its pasture lands around it, |
|| 1 Chr 6:40 (1 Chr 6:55AV).
they were given ← they gave them. Avoidance of the passive. Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. Anak: MT= Anok here, elsewhere Anak, as some manuscripts here. |
| Josh 21:12 | וְאֶת־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־חֲצֵרֶ֑יהָ נָֽתְנ֛וּ לְכָלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֖ה בַּאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ ס | but the fields of the city and its courtyards were given to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as his possession. |
|| 1 Chr 6:41 (1 Chr 6:56AV).
fields ← field; countryside. were given ← they gave them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Josh 21:13 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י ׀ אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן נָֽתְנוּ֙ אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־חֶבְר֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶת־לִבְנָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | So they gave the sons of Aaron the priest as a city of refuge for the manslayer Hebron and its pasture lands, and Libnah and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:42 (1 Chr 6:57AV). |
| Josh 21:14 | וְאֶת־יַתִּר֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and Jattir and its pasture lands, and Eshtemoa and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:42 (1 Chr 6:57AV). |
| Josh 21:15 | וְאֶת־חֹלֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־דְּבִ֖ר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and Holon and its pasture lands, and Debir and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:43 (1 Chr 6:58AV). |
| Josh 21:16 | וְאֶת־עַ֣יִן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֗הָ וְאֶת־יֻטָּה֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֣ים תֵּ֔שַׁע מֵאֵ֕ת שְׁנֵ֥י הַשְּׁבָטִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ פ | and Ain and its pasture lands, and Juttah and its pasture lands, and Beth-Shemesh and its pasture lands – nine cities from these two tribes. | || 1 Chr 6:44 (1 Chr 6:59AV). |
| Josh 21:17 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֶת־גִּבְע֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Benjamin: Gibeon and its pasture lands, Geba and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV).
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Josh 21:18 | אֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־עַלְמ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Anathoth and its pasture lands and Almon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV). |
| Josh 21:19 | כָּל־עָרֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ ס | All the cities of the sons of Aaron, the priests, came to thirteen cities with their pasture lands. | || 1 Chr 6:45 (1 Chr 6:60AV). |
| Josh 21:20 | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִבְּנֵ֣י קְהָ֑ת וַֽיְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔ם מִמַּטֵּ֖ה אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And the families of the sons of Kohath – the remaining Levites of Kohath's sons – had cities by their lot from the tribe of Ephraim. |
|| 1 Chr 6:51 (1 Chr 6:66AV).
Kohath (2x): see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:21 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־עִ֨יר מִקְלַ֧ט הָרֹצֵ֛חַ אֶת־שְׁכֶ֥ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖הָ בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־גֶּ֖זֶר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And they gave them as a city of refuge for the manslayer Shechem and its pasture lands at Mount Ephraim, and Gezer and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:52 (1 Chr 6:67AV), 1 Chr 7:28. |
| Josh 21:22 | וְאֶת־קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | and Kibzaim and its pasture lands, and Beth-Horon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:53 (1 Chr 6:68AV). |
| Josh 21:23 | וּמִמַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן אֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶֽת־גִּבְּת֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Dan: Eltekeh and its pasture lands, Gibbethon and its pasture lands, | Eltekeh ← Elteké here, Eltekeh in Josh 19:44. |
| Josh 21:24 | אֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Aijalon and its pasture lands, and Gath-Rimmon and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:54 (1 Chr 6:69AV). |
| Josh 21:25 | וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם׃ | And from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Taanach and its pasture lands, and Gath-Rimmon and its pasture lands – two cities. |
|| 1 Chr 6:55 (1 Chr 6:70AV).
Taanach: AV= Tanach here, but elsewhere Taanach. See Josh 12:21, Josh 17:11. |
| Josh 21:26 | כָּל־עָרִ֥ים עֶ֖שֶׂר וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ן לְמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת הַנּוֹתָרִֽים׃ ס | All these cities amount to ten, with their pasture lands, given to the families of the sons of Kohath who remained. |
|| 1 Chr 6:55 (1 Chr 6:70AV).
Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| Josh 21:27 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁוֹן֮ מִמִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַלְוִיִּם֒ מֵחֲצִ֞י מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־*גלון **גּוֹלָ֤ן בַּבָּשָׁן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם׃ ס | And to the sons of Gershon from the families of the Levites, they gave from the half-tribe of Manasseh, as a city of refuge for the manslayer, {Q: Golan} [K: Galon] in Bashan and its pasture lands, and Beeshterah and its pasture lands – two cities – | || 1 Chr 6:56 (1 Chr 6:71AV). |
| Josh 21:28 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | and from the tribe of Issachar: Kishion and its pasture lands, Daberath and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:57 (1 Chr 6:72AV).
Kishion: AV= Kishon. The brook, Kishon, has a different Hebrew spelling. Daberath: AV= Dabareh. |
| Josh 21:29 | אֶת־יַרְמוּת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Jarmuth and its pasture lands, En-Gannim and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:58 (1 Chr 6:73AV). |
| Josh 21:30 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Asher: Mishal and its pasture lands, Abdon and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:59 (1 Chr 6:74AV). |
| Josh 21:31 | אֶת־חֶלְקָת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־רְחֹ֖ב וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Helkath and its pasture lands, and Rehob and its pasture lands – four cities. | || 1 Chr 6:60 (1 Chr 6:75AV). |
| Josh 21:32 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה נַפְתָּלִ֜י אֶת־עִ֣יר ׀ מִקְלַ֣ט הָֽרֹצֵ֗חַ אֶת־קֶ֨דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִ֤יל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֙הָ֙ וְאֶת־חַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים שָׁלֹֽשׁ׃ | And from the tribe of Naphtali, as a city of refuge for the manslayer: Kedesh in Galilee and its pasture lands, and Hammoth-Dor and its pasture lands, and Kartan and its pasture lands – three cities. |
|| 1 Chr 6:61 (1 Chr 6:76AV).
Galilee ← Galil. |
| Josh 21:33 | כָּל־עָרֵ֥י הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ ס | All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families amount to thirteen cities with their pasture lands. | |
| Josh 21:34 | וּלְמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַלְוִיִּ֣ם הַנּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵאֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And to the families of the sons of Merari – the remaining Levites – they gave from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam and its pasture lands, Kartah and its pasture lands, | || 1 Chr 6:62 (1 Chr 6:77AV). |
| Josh 21:35 | אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Dimnah and its pasture lands, Nahalal and its pasture lands – four cities. | |
| Josh 21:36 | וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶת־יַ֖הְצָה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer and its pasture lands, and Jahzah and its pasture lands, |
Josh 21:36 and Josh 21:37 are absent in [WLC], but, [BHS-CA], present in many manuscripts.
|| 1 Chr 6:63 (1 Chr 6:78AV). Jahzah: AV= Jahazah here. See Josh 13:8. |
| Josh 21:37 | אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־מֵיפָ֖עַת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | Kedemoth and its pasture lands, and Mephaath and its pasture lands – four cities. |
Josh 21:36 and Josh 21:37 are absent in [WLC], but, [BHS-CA], present in many manuscripts.
|| 1 Chr 6:64 (1 Chr 6:79AV). |
| Josh 21:38 | וּמִמַּטֵּה־גָ֗ד אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת בַּגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ וְאֶֽת־מַחֲנַ֖יִם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁהָ׃ | And from the tribe of Gad, as a city of refuge for the manslayer: Ramoth in Gilead and its pasture lands, and Mahanaim and its pasture lands, |
|| 1 Chr 6:65 (1 Chr 6:80AV).
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 21:39 | אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ כָּל־עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ | Heshbon and its pasture lands, Jazer and its pasture lands – all the cities amount to four. |
|| 1 Chr 6:66 (1 Chr 6:81AV).
Jazer: see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, but in Num 21:32, Jaazer. |
| Josh 21:40 | כָּל־הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים לִבְנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַיְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | All the cities of the sons of Merari according to their families – those who remained from the families of the Levites – had as their lot twelve cities. | |
| Josh 21:41 | כֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the sons of Israel amounted to forty-eight cities with their pasture lands. | possessions ← possession. |
| Josh 21:42 | תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה עִ֣יר עִ֔יר וּמִגְרָשֶׁ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָ כֵּ֖ן לְכָל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | These cities were city by city with their pasture lands around each – so it was for all these cities. | |
| Josh 21:43 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לָתֵ֣ת לַאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וַיִּרָשׁ֖וּהָ וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And the Lord gave Israel all the land about which he had sworn that he would give it to their fathers, and they took possession of it, and they dwelt in it. | |
| Josh 21:44 | וַיָּ֨נַח יְהוָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לַאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם׃ | And the Lord gave them rest round about, according to everything he had sworn to their fathers, and no man could stand before them from any of their enemies; the Lord delivered all their enemies into their hand. | any ← all. |
| Josh 21:45 | לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַכֹּ֖ל בָּֽא׃ פ | And not a word failed of all the good words which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel – it all came about. |
not a word failed (etc.): compare Josh 23:14 and 1 Ki 8:56.
failed ← fell. words ← word. |
| Josh 22:1 | אָ֚ז יִקְרָ֣א יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְלַגָּדִ֑י וְלַחֲצִ֖י מַטֵּ֥ה מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | Then Joshua called for the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| Josh 22:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֣ם שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | and he said to them, “You have kept everything Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, and you have obeyed me in everything I have commanded you. | obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Josh 22:3 | לֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם זֶ֚ה יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֕ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֕רֶת מִצְוַ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | You did not forsake your brothers during these many days up to this day, and you have kept the charge of the body of commandments of the Lord your God. | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Josh 22:4 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ לַֽאֲחֵיכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וְעַתָּ֡ה פְּנוּ֩ וּלְכ֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם מֹשֶׁה֙ עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And now the Lord your God has given your brothers rest, as he told them, and now, turn and get going to your tents and to the land of your possession which Moses the servant of the Lord has given you across the Jordan. | get going ← go for yourselves. Idiomatic. |
| Josh 22:5 | רַ֣ק ׀ שִׁמְר֣וּ מְאֹ֗ד לַעֲשׂ֨וֹת אֶת־הַמִּצְוָ֣ה וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֮ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָה֒ לְ֠אַהֲבָה אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֜ם וְלָלֶ֧כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֛יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתָ֖יו וּלְדָבְקָה־ב֑וֹ וּלְעָבְד֕וֹ בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ | But be very much on your guard to carry out the body of commandments and the law which Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you – to love the Lord your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cling to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.” | body of commandments ← commandment. Collective usage. |
| Josh 22:6 | וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אֶל־אָהֳלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And Joshua blessed them and dismissed them, and they went to their tents. | |
| Josh 22:7 | וְלַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה נָתַ֣ן מֹשֶׁה֮ בַּבָּשָׁן֒ וּלְחֶצְי֗וֹ נָתַ֤ן יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ עִם־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם *מעבר **בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה וְ֠גַם כִּ֣י שִׁלְּחָ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶל־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיְבָרֲכֵֽם׃ | Now Moses had given an inheritance to half of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, and Joshua gave the other half of it an inheritance with their brothers, across the Jordan to the west. And also when Joshua sent them off to their tents, he blessed them. |
across: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Josh 22:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בִּנְכָסִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים שׁ֤וּבוּ אֶל־אָֽהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וּבְמִקְנֶ֣ה רַב־מְאֹ֔ד בְּכֶ֨סֶף וּבְזָהָ֜ב וּבִנְחֹ֧שֶׁת וּבְבַרְזֶ֛ל וּבִשְׂלָמ֖וֹת הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד חִלְק֥וּ שְׁלַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם עִם־אֲחֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | And he spoke to them and said, “Return to your tents with great riches and very much cattle, with silver and gold and copper and iron and very many clothes. Divide the spoil of your enemies with your brothers.” | |
| Josh 22:9 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ וַיֵּלְכ֡וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה מֵאֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִשִּׁלֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־כְּנָ֑עַן לָלֶ֜כֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֗ד אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֹֽאחֲזוּ־בָ֔הּ עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | So the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh returned and departed from the sons of Israel, from Shiloh which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession which they became possessors of, according to the pronouncement of the Lord through the intermediacy of Moses. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. Also in the rest of this chapter.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead. pronouncement ← mouth. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Josh 22:10 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־גְּלִיל֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיִּבְנ֣וּ בְנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִ֣י שֵׁבֶט֩ הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֨ה שָׁ֤ם מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מִזְבֵּ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל לְמַרְאֶֽה׃ | And they came to the regions of the Jordan which are in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh built an altar there – at the Jordan – an altar of grand appearance. | |
| Josh 22:11 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה בָנ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֡ד וַחֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֶל־גְּלִילוֹת֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶל־עֵ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Israel heard it and said, “Look, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad, and half of the tribe of Manasseh have built an altar opposite the land of Canaan in the regions of the Jordan, opposite the sons of Israel.” | an altar ← the altar. |
| Josh 22:12 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּקָּ֨הֲל֜וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה לַעֲל֥וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לַצָּבָֽא׃ פ | And when the sons of Israel heard it, the whole congregation of the sons of Israel assembled at Shiloh to go up against them in battle. | |
| Josh 22:13 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֧ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֛ד וְאֶל־חֲצִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד אֶת־פִּינְחָ֖ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And the sons of Israel sent Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to half of the tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 22:14 | וַעֲשָׂרָ֤ה נְשִׂאִים֙ עִמּ֔וֹ נָשִׂ֨יא אֶחָ֜ד נָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָ֔ב לְכֹ֖ל מַטּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאִ֨ישׁ רֹ֧אשׁ בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָ֛ם הֵ֖מָּה לְאַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and ten leading people with him – one leading person individually per paternal house – for each of the tribes of Israel, and each was a head of their paternal house, which the thousands of Israel have. | each (first occurrence in verse) ← every. |
| Josh 22:15 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֧ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֛ד וְאֶל־חֲצִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אִתָּ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they came to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to half of the tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, and they spoke with them and said, | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Often, as here, the Gilead. |
| Josh 22:16 | כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל ׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה מָֽה־הַמַּ֤עַל הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מְעַלְתֶּם֙ בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָשׁ֣וּב הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה בִּבְנֽוֹתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לִמְרָדְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם בַּיהוָֽה׃ | “This is what the whole congregation of the Lord says: ‘What is this treacherous thing that you have treacherously done against the God of Israel, in turning away today from following the Lord, in building yourselves an altar – in rebelling today against the Lord? |
this is what ← thus.
in building ... in rebelling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:17 | הַמְעַט־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֙רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֥י הַנֶּ֖גֶף בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | Is the iniquity of Peor a small matter to us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves up to this day, when there was a plague in the congregation of the Lord? | |
| Josh 22:18 | וְאַתֶּם֙ תָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַיּ֔וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה אַתֶּ֞ם תִּמְרְד֤וּ הַיּוֹם֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּמָחָ֕ר אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִקְצֹֽף׃ | But you have turned away today from following the Lord, and it has come about that you are rebelling against the Lord today, and tomorrow he will become angry with the whole congregation of Israel. | |
| Josh 22:19 | וְאַ֨ךְ אִם־טְמֵאָ֜ה אֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֗ם עִבְר֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם אֶל־אֶ֨רֶץ אֲחֻזַּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁכַן־שָׁם֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֔ה וְהֵאָחֲז֖וּ בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ וּבַֽיהוָ֣ה אַל־תִּמְרֹ֗דוּ וְאֹתָ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־תִּמְרֹ֔דוּ בִּבְנֹֽתְכֶ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֔י מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And even if the land of your possession is unclean, do cross over to the land of the Lord's possession where the Lord's tabernacle dwells, and come into a possession in our midst, and do not rebel against the Lord, and do not rebel against us, by building yourselves an altar other than the altar to the Lord our God. |
do cross over ← cross over for yourselves.
by building ← by your building. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:20 | הֲל֣וֹא ׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֙עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם וְעַֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣יָה קָ֑צֶף וְהוּא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד לֹ֥א גָוַ֖ע בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ פ | Did not Achan the son of Zerah deal treacherously with an accursed thing, so that there was anger on the whole congregation of Israel? And he did not die in his iniquity on his own.’ ” |
son: here standing for great-grandson; see Josh 7:18.
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. on his own ← one man. |
| Josh 22:21 | וַֽיַּעֲנוּ֙ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֔ד וַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיְדַבְּר֔וּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֖י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh answered and said to the heads of thousands of Israel, | |
| Josh 22:22 | אֵל֩ ׀ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ יְהוָ֜ה אֵ֣ל ׀ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא יֹדֵ֔עַ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ה֣וּא יֵדָ֑ע אִם־בְּמֶ֤רֶד וְאִם־בְּמַ֙עַל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | “The Lord God of gods – the Lord God of gods – he knows, and he will know Israel, whether they are in rebellion or whether they are in treachery against the Lord (do not save us on this day) | |
| Josh 22:23 | לִבְנ֥וֹת לָ֙נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאִם־לְהַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜יו עוֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְאִם־לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | in building ourselves an altar, in turning away from following the Lord. And whether it was to offer on it a burnt offering and a meal-offering, or whether it was to sacrifice peace-offerings on it, the Lord will inquire, | in building ... in turning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:24 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א מִדְּאָגָה֙ מִדָּבָ֔ר עָשִׂ֥ינוּ אֶת־זֹ֖את לֵאמֹ֑ר מָחָ֗ר יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם לְבָנֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | or whether it is not out of concern, for a reason, that we made this thing and said, ‘In the future your sons will speak to our sons and say, «What is the connection between you and the Lord God of Israel? |
reason ← word, but also reason ([AnLx] V).
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:25 | וּגְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨נוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּבְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔ינוּ לְבִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | For the Lord has put a border between us and you, you sons of Reuben and you sons of Gad – the Jordan. You have no part in the Lord.» ’ So your sons will stop our sons from fearing the Lord. | from fearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Josh 22:26 | וַנֹּ֕אמֶר נַעֲשֶׂה־נָּ֣א לָ֔נוּ לִבְנ֖וֹת אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ לֹ֥א לְעוֹלָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א לְזָֽבַח׃ | So we said, ‘Let us now undertake to build an altar, but not for a burnt offering and not for sacrifice. | an altar ← the altar. |
| Josh 22:27 | כִּי֩ עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֗ם וּבֵ֣ין דֹּרוֹתֵינוּ֮ אַחֲרֵינוּ֒ לַעֲבֹ֞ד אֶת־עֲבֹדַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ לְפָנָ֔יו בְּעֹלוֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּבִזְבָחֵ֖ינוּ וּבִשְׁלָמֵ֑ינוּ וְלֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְבָנֵ֔ינוּ אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּיהוָֽה׃ | For it is a testimony between us and you and our generations after us to carry out the Lord's service before him with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace-offerings, so that your sons will not say in the future to our sons, «You have no part in the Lord.» ’ |
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:28 | וַנֹּ֕אמֶר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛ינוּ וְאֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖ינוּ מָחָ֑ר וְאָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | So we said, ‘It will be the case that when they speak to us and to our generations in the future, that we will say, «See the edifice – an altar to the Lord – which our fathers made, not for a burnt offering and not for sacrifice, but it is a testimony between us and you.» ’ | in the future ← tomorrow. |
| Josh 22:29 | חָלִילָה֩ לָּ֨נוּ מִמֶּ֜נּוּ לִמְרֹ֣ד בַּֽיהוָ֗ה וְלָשׁ֤וּב הַיּוֹם֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לִבְנ֣וֹת מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לְעֹלָ֖ה לְמִנְחָ֣ה וּלְזָ֑בַח מִלְּבַ֗ד מִזְבַּח֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י מִשְׁכָּנֽוֹ׃ פ | May it be far from us to rebel against the Lord, and to turn away today from following the Lord in building an altar for a burnt offering, for a meal-offering or for a sacrifice other than the altar to the Lord our God which is before his tabernacle.” |
may it be far from us ← profanity for us from us.
in building: gerundial use of the infinitive. or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Josh 22:30 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע פִּֽינְחָ֣ס הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וּנְשִׂיאֵ֨י הָעֵדָ֜ה וְרָאשֵׁ֨י אַלְפֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַ֨דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבְּר֛וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then Phinehas the priest and the leaders of the congregation and the heads of thousands of Israel who were with him heard the words which the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the sons of Manasseh said, and they were happy with it. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
they were happy with it ← it was good in their eyes. |
| Josh 22:31 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֡ן אֶל־בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וְאֶל־בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ יָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּֽי־בְתוֹכֵ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה הַמַּ֣עַל הַזֶּ֑ה אָ֗ז הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Manasseh, “Today we know that the Lord is in our midst, and that you have not committed such a treacherous act against the Lord. You have now delivered the sons of Israel from the hand of the Lord.” |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. committed such a treacherous act ← “treachered” this treachery. |
| Josh 22:32 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ וְהַנְּשִׂיאִ֡ים מֵאֵ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֩ וּמֵאֵ֨ת בְּנֵי־גָ֜ד מֵאֶ֧רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֛ד אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּשִׁ֥בוּ אוֹתָ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ | Then Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the leaders, came back from the sons of Reuben and from the sons of Gad, from the land of Gilead to the land of Canaan, to the sons of Israel, and they reported back to them. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Josh 22:33 | וַיִּיטַ֣ב הַדָּבָ֗ר בְּעֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְבָרֲכ֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֣א אָמְר֗וּ לַעֲל֤וֹת עֲלֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְשַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד יֹשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ | And the sons of Israel were happy with the matter, and the sons of Israel blessed God, and they did not speak of going up against them in battle to ruin the land which the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad were living in. |
were happy with ← it was good in their eyes.
the sons of Israel blessed God: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Josh 22:34 | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֥ן וּבְנֵי־גָ֖ד לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כִּ֣י עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad called the altar Testimony, for it was a testimony between us, that the Lord is God. | Testimony: AV differs, transliterating (Ed). |
| Josh 23:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִיָּמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִכָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִ֑יב וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִֽים׃ | And it was the case after many days, after the Lord had given Israel rest from all their enemies round about, that Joshua had become old and advanced in years, | years ← days. |
| Josh 23:2 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִזְקֵנָיו֙ וּלְרָאשָׁ֔יו וּלְשֹׁפְטָ֖יו וּלְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֲנִ֣י זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים׃ | and Joshua called all Israel – its elders and its heads and its judges and its officers – and he said to them, “I have become old; I am advanced in years, | years ← days. |
| Josh 23:3 | וְאַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם לְכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם׃ | and you have seen everything that the Lord your God has done to all these nations before you, for it is the Lord your God who fights for you. | |
| Josh 23:4 | רְאוּ֩ הִפַּ֨לְתִּי לָכֶ֜ם אֶֽת־הַ֠גּוֹיִם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן וְכָל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְרַ֔תִּי וְהַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | See how I have assigned these remaining nations to you as an inheritance to your tribes, from the Jordan, with all the nations which I cut off, with the Great Sea in the west. |
with (second occurrence in verse) ← and.
the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean. west ← setting of the sun. |
| Josh 23:5 | וַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם ה֚וּא יֶהְדֳּפֵ֣ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְהוֹרִ֥ישׁ אֹתָ֖ם מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּם֙ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ | And it is the Lord your God who drives them back at your presence and who dispossesses them in front of you, so that you inherit their land as the Lord your God has said to you. | so that: consecutive (result) or purposive use of the vav. |
| Josh 23:6 | וַחֲזַקְתֶּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד לִשְׁמֹ֣ר וְלַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַכָּת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ | So be of very good courage to keep and do everything that is written in the book of the law of Moses, so not to depart from it to the right or to the left, | |
| Josh 23:7 | לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אִתְּכֶ֑ם וּבְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ם לֹא־תַזְכִּ֙ירוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁבִּ֔יעוּ וְלֹ֣א תַעַבְד֔וּם וְלֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶֽם׃ | and not to go among these nations – these that remain with you – and you shall not mention the name of their gods, and you shall not adjure by them, and you shall not serve them, and you shall not worship them. | |
| Josh 23:8 | כִּ֛י אִם־בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But rather, cling to the Lord your God, as you have done so far. | so far ← up to this day. |
| Josh 23:9 | וַיּ֤וֹרֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם גּוֹיִ֖ם גְּדֹלִ֣ים וַעֲצוּמִ֑ים וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | For the Lord has dispossessed great and powerful nations before you, and as for you, no man has withstood you up to this day. | withstood ← stood at before you. |
| Josh 23:10 | אִישׁ־אֶחָ֥ד מִכֶּ֖ם יִרְדָּף־אָ֑לֶף כִּ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם ה֚וּא הַנִּלְחָ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ | One man from you will pursue a thousand, for it is the Lord your God who is fighting for you, as he has said to you. | |
| Josh 23:11 | וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֑ם לְאַהֲבָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | So be very much on your guard for your lives to love the Lord your God. | lives ← souls. |
| Josh 23:12 | כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־שׁ֣וֹב תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ וּדְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּיֶ֙תֶר֙ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהִֽתְחַתַּנְתֶּ֥ם בָּהֶ֛ם וּבָאתֶ֥ם בָּהֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם בָּכֶֽם׃ | For if you turn back at all and cling to the remnant of these nations – these that remain with you – and intermarry with them, and you go into them, and they into you, | you turn back at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 23:13 | יָד֙וֹעַ֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֜יף יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם לְהוֹרִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם לְפַ֣ח וּלְמוֹקֵ֗שׁ וּלְשֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּצִדֵּיכֶם֙ וְלִצְנִנִ֣ים בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֔ם עַד־אֲבָדְכֶ֗ם מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֤ה הַטּוֹבָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | then know for certain that the Lord your God will not continue to dispossess these nations before you, and that they will be a trap and a snare and a scourge to you in your sides, and as thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land which the Lord your God has given you. | know for certain: infinitive absolute. |
| Josh 23:14 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֣ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶ֗ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הַטּוֹבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכֹּל֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָכֶ֔ם לֹֽא־נָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ | And look, I am going the way of the whole of the earth today, but you have known with all your heart and with all your soul that not one word has failed from all the good words which the Lord your God has spoken concerning you – everything has come about for you; not one word of it has failed, |
going the way of the whole of the earth: i.e. dying.
not one word has failed (etc.): compare Josh 21:45 and 1 Ki 8:56. |
| Josh 23:15 | וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤א עֲלֵיכֶם֙ כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כֵּן֩ יָבִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הָרָ֔ע עַד־הַשְׁמִיד֣וֹ אוֹתְכֶ֗ם מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֤ה הַטּוֹבָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | and it will come to pass, that just as every good word that the Lord your God spoke to you has come about with you, so shall the Lord bring upon you every bad word until he has destroyed you in this good land which the Lord your God has given you, | in this good land ← from this good ground. |
| Josh 23:16 | בְּ֠עָבְרְכֶם אֶת־בְּרִ֨ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֒ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֔ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃ פ | in your transgression of the covenant of the Lord your God, which he commanded you, if you depart and serve other gods and bow down to them, so that the Lord's anger is kindled against you, and you quickly perish from the good land which he has given you.” |
if: conditional use of the vav.
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:1 | וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּלְרָאשָׁ֗יו וּלְשֹֽׁפְטָיו֙ וּלְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Then Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel in Shechem, and he called for the elders of Israel and for its heads and for its judges and for its officers, and they stood before God. |
in Shechem ← to Shechem.
stood ← set themselves. |
| Josh 24:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר יָשְׁב֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם תֶּ֛רַח אֲבִ֥י אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַאֲבִ֣י נָח֑וֹר וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And Joshua said to all the people, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Your fathers dwelt across the river in time past – Terah the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor – and they served other gods, |
this is what ← thus.
the river: i.e. the Euphrates [CB]. in time past ← from an age. Nahor: AV= Nachor, distinguishing him from ↴ |
| Josh 24:3 | וָ֠אֶקַּח אֶת־אֲבִיכֶ֤ם אֶת־אַבְרָהָם֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאוֹלֵ֥ךְ אוֹת֖וֹ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן *וארב **וָאַרְבֶּה֙ אֶת־זַרְע֔וֹ וָֽאֶתֶּן־ל֖וֹ אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃ | but I took your father Abraham from the far side of the river, and I led him through all the land of Canaan, and I multiplied his seed, and I gave him Isaac. |
↳ Terah's father here, but no distinction in Gen 11:24, Gen 11:27. MT= נָחוֹר everywhere.
I multiplied: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré, with no difference in meaning. |
| Josh 24:4 | וָאֶתֵּ֣ן לְיִצְחָ֔ק אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֑ו וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לְעֵשָׂ֜ו אֶת־הַ֤ר שֵׂעִיר֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אוֹת֔וֹ וְיַעֲקֹ֥ב וּבָנָ֖יו יָרְד֥וּ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau, and to Esau I gave Mount Seir to possess, while Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt. | |
| Josh 24:5 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֞ח אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וָאֶגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַחַ֖ר הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt with what I did in their midst, and afterwards I brought you out. | with ← (according) as. |
| Josh 24:6 | וָֽאוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַתָּבֹ֖אוּ הַיָּ֑מָּה וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵ֧י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם בְּרֶ֥כֶב וּבְפָרָשִׁ֖ים יַם־סֽוּף׃ | And I brought your fathers out of Egypt, and you came to the sea, whereupon Egypt pursued your fathers with chariots and horsemen at the Red Sea. | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:7 | וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מַֽאֲפֵ֜ל בֵּינֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּצְרִ֗ים וַיָּבֵ֨א עָלָ֤יו אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וַיְכַסֵּ֔הוּ וַתִּרְאֶ֙ינָה֙ עֵינֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | And they cried out to the Lord, and he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and he brought the sea over them, and it covered them, and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt, and you dwelt in the desert for many days. | |
| Josh 24:8 | *ואבאה **וָאָבִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֗ם אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם וָאֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤ם בְּיֶדְכֶם֙ וַתִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I brought you to the land of the Amorite who dwelt across the Jordan, and they fought you, and I delivered them into your hand, and you took possession of their land, and I destroyed them before you. |
I brought: the ketiv is a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré, and it also has a paragogic hé.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:9 | וַיָּ֨קָם בָּלָ֤ק בֶּן־צִפּוֹר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א לְבִלְעָ֥ם בֶּן־בְּע֖וֹר לְקַלֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Then Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab, rose up and fought against Israel, and he sent men and called for Balaam the son of Beor to curse you. | Balaam: see Num 22:5. |
| Josh 24:10 | וְלֹ֥א אָבִ֖יתִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ לְבִלְעָ֑ם וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ בָּרוֹךְ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וָאַצִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | But I was not willing to hear Balaam, and he thoroughly blessed you, and I delivered you out of his hand. |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
he thoroughly blessed: with an infinitive absolute, with mixed stem-formations (qal and piel). |
| Josh 24:11 | וַתַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ וַתָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־יְרִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ בָכֶ֣ם בַּעֲלֵֽי־יְ֠רִיחוֹ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֨י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְהַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י הַֽחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | Then you crossed the Jordan and went to Jericho, and the lords of Jericho fought against you – the Amorites and the Perizzites and the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Hivites and the Jebusites – and I delivered them into your hand. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:12 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ׃ | And I sent out wasps before you, and they drove them out before you – two kings of the Amorites – not by your sword and not by your bow. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:13 | וָאֶתֵּ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָגַ֣עְתָּ בָּ֗הּ וְעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֔ם וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם אֹכְלִֽים׃ | And I gave you land which you did not toil on, and cities which you did not build, and you dwell in them, and you are eating from vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant.’ | |
| Josh 24:14 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְר֧אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּתָמִ֣ים וּבֶֽאֱמֶ֑ת וְהָסִ֣ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ עָבְד֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַנָּהָר֙ וּבְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְעִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | So now, fear the Lord and serve him in sincerity and in truth, and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the river, and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. | |
| Josh 24:15 | וְאִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽעֵינֵיכֶ֜ם לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־מִ֣י תַעֲבֹדוּן֒ אִ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ *בעבר **מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וְאִם֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֣י וּבֵיתִ֔י נַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And if it is bad in your sight to serve the Lord, choose for yourselves today whom you will serve, whether the gods which your fathers served, which were on the other side of the river, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are dwelling, but as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.” |
on the other side of: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
the river: i.e. the Euphrates, as in Josh 24:2. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Josh 24:16 | וַיַּ֤עַן הָעָם֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֔נוּ מֵעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And the people answered and said, “Far be it from us to forsake the Lord, to serve other gods. | |
| Josh 24:17 | כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוּא֩ הַמַּעֲלֶ֨ה אֹתָ֧נוּ וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛ינוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָׂ֣ה לְעֵינֵ֗ינוּ אֶת־הָאֹת֤וֹת הַגְּדֹלוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַֽיִּשְׁמְרֵ֗נוּ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣כְנוּ בָ֔הּ וּבְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ | For the Lord is our God, who brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from a house of slavery, and who performed in our sight these great signs, and who guarded us along all the way we went, and among all the various peoples through whose midst we crossed. | slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Josh 24:18 | וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס | And the Lord drove out all the nations before us, including the Amorites inhabiting the land, so we in turn will serve the Lord, for he is our God.” |
including ← and.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. in turn ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Josh 24:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם לֹ֤א תֽוּכְלוּ֙ לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים קְדֹשִׁ֖ים ה֑וּא אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא לֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֥א לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם וּלְחַטֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to the people, “You are not able to serve the Lord, for he is a holy God, and he is a jealous God; he will not endure your transgressions or your sins. |
holy God: a rare case of an adjective agreeing with Elohim (God) and taking a plural ending. See note on Gen 1:1. The appositional expressions following are all singular.
transgressions ← transgression. or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Josh 24:20 | כִּ֤י תַֽעַזְבוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וְשָׁ֨ב וְהֵרַ֤ע לָכֶם֙ וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲשֶׁר־הֵיטִ֥יב לָכֶֽם׃ | If you forsake the Lord and serve strange gods, he will turn and do you harm and make an end of you, after doing you good.” | strange gods ← gods of strangeness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 24:21 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ לֹ֕א כִּ֥י אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲבֹֽד׃ | Then the people said to Joshua, “Not that, for we will serve the Lord.” | |
| Josh 24:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים׃ | Then Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses to yourselves, for you have chosen the Lord, to serve him.” And they said, “We are witnesses.” | chosen ← chosen for yourselves. |
| Josh 24:23 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הָסִ֛ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַנֵּכָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְהַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Joshua said, “And now, put away the strange gods which are in your midst, and extend your heart to the Lord God of Israel.” | strange gods ← gods of strangeness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Josh 24:24 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֔ד וּבְקוֹל֖וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע׃ | And the people said to Joshua, “We will serve the Lord our God, and we will obey him.” | obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Josh 24:25 | וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בְּרִ֛ית לָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua made a covenant with the people on that day, and he set up for them a statute and a judicial system in Shechem. | |
| Josh 24:26 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֤ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם תַּ֚חַת הָֽאַלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and he took a large stone, and he set it up there under the oak tree at the sanctuary of the Lord. | |
| Josh 24:27 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם הִנֵּ֨ה הָאֶ֤בֶן הַזֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣נוּ לְעֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָכֶם֙ לְעֵדָ֔ה פֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּן בֵּאלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | Then Joshua said to all the people, “Look, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of the Lord which he spoke with us, and it will be a witness to you, lest you deny your God.” | |
| Josh 24:28 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Joshua sent the people away – each one to his inheritance. | || Judg 2:6. |
| Josh 24:29 | וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | And it came to pass after these things that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, aged one hundred and ten years. | || Judg 2:8. |
| Josh 24:30 | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ׃ | And they buried him in the territory of his inheritance at Timnath-Serah, which is at Mount Ephraim, to the north of Mount Gaash. |
|| Judg 2:9.
territory ← border. |
| Josh 24:31 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua and who knew all the work of the Lord which he had done for Israel. |
|| Judg 2:7.
outlived ← prolonged days after. |
| Josh 24:32 | וְאֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף אֲשֶׁר־הֶעֱל֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל ׀ מִמִּצְרַיִם֮ קָבְר֣וּ בִשְׁכֶם֒ בְּחֶלְקַ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָנָ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב מֵאֵ֛ת בְּנֵֽי־חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בְּמֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ | And they buried Joseph's bones, which the sons of Israel had brought up from Egypt, in Shechem, in the parcel of land which Jacob had bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred kesitahs, and they became an inheritance of the sons of Joseph. |
land ← field.
kesitahs: see Gen 33:19. |
| Josh 24:33 | וְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵ֑ת וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּגִבְעַת֙ פִּֽינְחָ֣ס בְּנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּן־ל֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him at the hill of Phinehas his son which had been given to him at Mount Ephraim. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| Judg 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֧נוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass after the death of Joshua that the sons of Israel inquired of the Lord and said, “Who will go up for us against the Canaanite first, to fight against them?” |
inquired of the Lord ← asked at the Lord.
the Canaanite: i.e. the Canaanites. Collective usage. |
| Judg 1:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה יַעֲלֶ֑ה הִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord said, “Judah will go up. Behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.” | |
| Judg 1:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְשִׁמְע֨וֹן אָחִ֜יו עֲלֵ֧ה אִתִּ֣י בְגוֹרָלִ֗י וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה֙ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י גַם־אֲנִ֛י אִתְּךָ֖ בְּגוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | Then Judah said to Simeon his brother, “Go up with me into my lot, and we will fight against the Canaanite, and I in turn will go with you into your lot.” And Simeon went with him. |
Judah ... Simeon: i.e. the tribe of Judah ... the tribe of Simeon. Collective usage.
in turn ← also, but the sense can be wider. |
| Judg 1:4 | וַיַּ֣עַל יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֖י בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיַּכּ֣וּם בְּבֶ֔זֶק עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ | So Judah went up, and the Lord delivered the Canaanite and the Perizzite into their hand, and they struck them down in Bezek – ten thousand men. | |
| Judg 1:5 | וַֽ֠יִּמְצְאוּ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֥י בֶ֙זֶק֙ בְּבֶ֔זֶק וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בּ֑וֹ וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּֽי׃ | And they found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek, and they fought against him, and they struck the Canaanites and the Perizzites down. | |
| Judg 1:6 | וַיָּ֙נָס֙ אֲדֹ֣נִי בֶ֔זֶק וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרָ֑יו וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וַֽיְקַצְּצ֔וּ אֶת־בְּהֹנ֥וֹת יָדָ֖יו וְרַגְלָֽיו׃ | And Adoni-Bezek fled, but they pursued him and captured him, and they cut off his thumbs and big toes. | |
| Judg 1:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹֽנִי־בֶ֗זֶק שִׁבְעִ֣ים ׀ מְלָכִ֡ים בְּֽהֹנוֹת֩ יְדֵיהֶ֨ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֜ם מְקֻצָּצִ֗ים הָי֤וּ מְלַקְּטִים֙ תַּ֣חַת שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי כֵּ֥ן שִׁלַּם־לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיְבִיאֻ֥הוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ פ | And Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings have had their thumbs and their big toes cut off, and they have picked up the pieces under my table. As I did, so God has requited me.” And they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there. | |
| Judg 1:8 | וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the sons of Judah fought in Jerusalem and captured it, and they struck it with the edge of the sword, and they set the city on fire. | |
| Judg 1:9 | וְאַחַ֗ר יָֽרְדוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָהָ֔ר וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃ | And afterwards the sons of Judah came down to fight the Canaanite, who inhabited the mountain range, and the south, and the lowland. | |
| Judg 1:10 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן וְשֵׁם־חֶבְר֥וֹן לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֑ע וַיַּכּ֛וּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֥י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַ֖ן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי׃ | And Judah went against the Canaanite who was living in Hebron (now the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath-Arba) and they struck down Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai. |
Judah ... they ← Judah ... he, i.e. the tribe of Judah. Collective usage.
Kiriath-Arba: see Gen 23:2. |
| Judg 1:11 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּבִ֑יר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | Then he went from there to the inhabitants of Debir. Now the name of Debir was previously Kiriath-Sepher. |
|| Josh 15:15.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Judg 1:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר כָּלֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֥ה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר וּלְכָדָ֑הּ וְנָתַ֥תִּי ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-Sepher and captures it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as a wife.” |
|| Josh 15:16.
Kiriath-Sepher: see Josh 15:15. |
| Judg 1:13 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז אֲחִ֥י כָלֵ֖ב הַקָּטֹ֣ן מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, captured it, and he gave him Achsah his daughter as a wife. |
|| Josh 15:17, 1 Chr 4:13.
younger brother ← brother younger than he. |
| Judg 1:14 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ וַתְּסִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַתִּצְנַ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ כָּלֵ֖ב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she persuaded him to ask for a field from her father. So she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What is the matter?” |
|| Josh 15:18.
she persuaded him to ask: in view of the next verse, this may seem to be the wrong way round, and LXX reads he persuaded her, but read it as she persuaded him (that she should) ask. what is the matter? ← what to you. |
| Judg 1:15 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ הָֽבָה־לִּ֣י בְרָכָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ נְתַתָּ֔נִי וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֣הּ כָּלֵ֗ב אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּ֔ית וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּֽית׃ פ | And she said to him, “Give me a blessing, for you have given me the land of the south, so give me springs of water.” Then Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs. | || Josh 15:19. |
| Judg 1:16 | וּבְנֵ֣י קֵינִי֩ חֹתֵ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה עָל֨וּ מֵעִ֤יר הַתְּמָרִים֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְבַּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּנֶ֣גֶב עֲרָ֑ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And the sons of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up from the City of Palm Trees with the sons of Judah to the Judaean Desert which is in the south of Arad, and they departed and dwelt with the people. | City of Palm Trees: i.e. Jericho. See Deut 34:3, 2 Chr 28:15. |
| Judg 1:17 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־שִׁמְע֣וֹן אָחִ֔יו וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב צְפַ֑ת וַיַּחֲרִ֣ימוּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר חָרְמָֽה׃ | Then Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanite who dwelt in Zephath, which they obliterated, and they called the city Hormah. | |
| Judg 1:18 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עַזָּ֣ה וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָ֔הּ וְאֶֽת־אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָ֑הּ וְאֶת־עֶקְר֖וֹן וְאֶת־גְּבוּלָֽהּ׃ | And Judah captured Gaza and its territory, and Ashkelon and its territory and Ekron and its territory. |
territory (3x) ← border.
Ashkelon: AV= Askelon. |
| Judg 1:19 | וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord was with Judah, and he gained possession of the mountain, but he could not dispossess the inhabitants of the valley, because they had iron chariots. | |
| Judg 1:20 | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לְכָלֵב֙ אֶת־חֶבְר֔וֹן כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶת־שְׁלֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י הָעֲנָֽק׃ | And they gave Caleb Hebron, as Moses had said, and they dispossessed the three sons of Anak of that place. |
|| Josh 15:13, Josh 15:14.
of that place ← of there. |
| Judg 1:21 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹ֥א הוֹרִ֖ישׁוּ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַיְבוּסִ֜י אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | But the sons of Benjamin did not dispossess the Jebusite – the inhabitant of Jerusalem – and the Jebusite has been dwelling with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem up to this day. | || Josh 15:63. |
| Judg 1:22 | וַיַּעֲל֧וּ בֵית־יוֹסֵ֛ף גַּם־הֵ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמָּֽם׃ | And the house of Joseph also went up against Beth-El, and the Lord was with them. | |
| Judg 1:23 | וַיָּתִ֥ירוּ בֵית־יוֹסֵ֖ף בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וְשֵׁם־הָעִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים לֽוּז׃ | And the house of Joseph spied out Beth-El. Now the name of the city was previously Luz. | |
| Judg 1:24 | וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃ | And the observers saw a man coming out of the city, and they said to him, “Please show us the entrance to the city, and we will deal with you graciously.” | |
| Judg 1:25 | וַיַּרְאֵם֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃ | And he showed them the entrance to the city, whereupon they struck the city with the edge of the sword, but they let the man and all his family go. | whereupon: wider use of the vav. |
| Judg 1:26 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֶ֖רֶץ הַחִתִּ֑ים וַיִּ֣בֶן עִ֗יר וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ ל֔וּז ה֣וּא שְׁמָ֔הּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | Then the man went to the land of the Hittites, and he built a city, and he called it Luz – that is its name up to this day. | |
| Judg 1:27 | וְלֹא־הוֹרִ֣ישׁ מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ֮ וְאֶת־תַּעְנַ֣ךְ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ֒ וְאֶת־*ישב **יֹשְׁבֵ֨י ד֜וֹר וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יִבְלְעָם֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י מְגִדּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיּ֙וֹאֶל֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And Manasseh did not dispossess Beth-Shean and its satellites, or Taanach and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Dor and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its satellites, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its satellites. And the Canaanites resolved to dwell in this land. |
inhabitants: the ketiv reads inhabitant (collective usage).
|| Josh 17:11, Josh 17:12, 1 Chr 7:29. satellites (5x) ← daughters. Taanach: see Josh 17:11. resolved: see Josh 17:12. |
| Judg 1:28 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּֽי־חָזַ֣ק יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י לָמַ֑ס וְהוֹרֵ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And it came about that, when Israel became strong, they put the Canaanite under tribute, but they did not dispossess them at all. |
|| Josh 17:13.
did not dispossess them at all: or did not completely dispossess them, as AV's sense. So AV differs. Infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 1:29 | וְאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א הוֹרִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּגָ֑זֶר וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ בְּגָֽזֶר׃ פ | And Ephraim did not dispossess the Canaanite who was living in Gezer, and the Canaanite dwelt in their midst in Gezer. | || Josh 16:10. |
| Judg 1:30 | זְבוּלֻ֗ן לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י קִטְר֔וֹן וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י נַהֲלֹ֑ל וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ לָמַֽס׃ ס | Zebulun did not dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalal, and the Canaanite dwelt in their midst, and they came under tribute. |
Nahalal ← Nahalol, as AV here, a pausal form, but Nahalal in Josh 19:15, Josh 21:35. The same consonantal spelling throughout. So AV differs.
came ← became. |
| Judg 1:31 | אָשֵׁ֗ר לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י עַכּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָ֤ב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֔ה וְאֶת־אֲפִ֖יק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב׃ | Asher did not dispossess the inhabitants of Akko or the inhabitants of Sidon, or of Ahlab or of Achzib or of Helbah, or of Aphik or of Rehob. |
Akko: AV= Accho, now also known as Acre or Acco.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Judg 1:32 | וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ הָאָ֣שֵׁרִ֔י בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֖י לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites – inhabitants of the land – because they did not dispossess them. | |
| Judg 1:33 | נַפְתָּלִ֗י לֹֽא־הוֹרִ֞ישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בֵית־עֲנָ֔ת וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֤י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וּבֵ֣ית עֲנָ֔ת הָי֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם לָמַֽס׃ ס | Naphtali did not dispossess the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh or the inhabitants of Beth-Anath, and they dwelt among the Canaanites – inhabitants of the land – but the inhabitants of Beth-Shemesh and Beth-Anath came under tribute to them. | came ← became. |
| Judg 1:34 | וַיִּלְחֲצ֧וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֛י אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן הָהָ֑רָה כִּי־לֹ֥א נְתָנ֖וֹ לָרֶ֥דֶת לָעֵֽמֶק׃ | And the Amorites squeezed the sons of Dan into the mountain range, for they did not let them come down into the valley. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 1:35 | וַיּ֤וֹאֶל הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּהַר־חֶ֔רֶס בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֑ים וַתִּכְבַּד֙ יַ֣ד בֵּית־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָמַֽס׃ | And the Amorites resolved to dwell on Mount Heres, in Aijalon and in Shaalbim, but the power of the house of Joseph was greater, and they came under tribute. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
power ← hand. came ← became. |
| Judg 1:36 | וּגְבוּל֙ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י מִֽמַּעֲלֵ֖ה עַקְרַבִּ֑ים מֵהַסֶּ֖לַע וָמָֽעְלָה׃ פ | And the border of the Amorites was from the ascent of Akrabbim, from the rock and above. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 2:1 | וַיַּ֧עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֛ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל אֶל־הַבֹּכִ֑ים פ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אַעֲלֶ֨ה אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ לַאֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹֽא־אָפֵ֧ר בְּרִיתִ֛י אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | Then the angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said, “I am bringing you up from Egypt, and I have brought you to the land about which I swore to your fathers, for I said, ‘I shall never break my covenant with you. |
the angel of the Lord: AV differs (an angel of the LORD) but the phrase is made grammatically definite by the proper noun for the Lord.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. and said: repeating the ↴ never ← not ... to the age. |
| Judg 2:2 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹֽא־תִכְרְת֤וּ בְרִית֙ לְיֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּתֹּצ֑וּן וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם בְּקֹלִ֖י מַה־זֹּ֥את עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | And you shall not make a covenant with the inhabitants of this land. You will demolish their altars.’ But you have not obeyed me. What is this you have done? |
↳ words of Gen 46:4, Ex 3:17 etc. for effect. AV differs, with the direct speech in the past tense (I made you go up etc.), losing the effect.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Judg 2:3 | וְגַ֣ם אָמַ֔רְתִּי לֹֽא־אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים וֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ | So I also said, ‘I shall not drive them out before you, and they will be snares to you, and their gods will be a trap to you.’ ” | snares: see [BDB] (root צדד, p.841). Snares is supported by a cognate Assyrian root, but [BDB] probably reads the context as Num 33:55, as does AV (as thorns) in your sides. ↴ |
| Judg 2:4 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּדַבֵּ֞ר מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֶֽל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃ | And it came about, as the angel of the Lord spoke these words to all the sons of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice and wept. | ↳ So AV differs. [YLT]'s and [AnLx]'s adversaries read as if a resh for a daleth. |
| Judg 2:5 | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֹּכִ֑ים וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And they called that place Bochim, and they made a sacrifice there to the Lord. | |
| Judg 2:6 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לְנַחֲלָת֖וֹ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then Joshua dismissed the people, and the sons of Israel each went to their inheritance to take possession of the land. | || Josh 24:28. |
| Judg 2:7 | וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ הָעָם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשׁ֔וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָא֗וּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of the Lord which he had done for Israel. |
|| Josh 24:31.
outlived ← prolonged days after. |
| Judg 2:8 | וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died, aged one hundred and ten years. | || Josh 24:29. |
| Judg 2:9 | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בְּתִמְנַת־חֶ֖רֶס בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם מִצְּפ֖וֹן לְהַר־גָּֽעַשׁ׃ | And they buried him in the territory of his inheritance, in Timnath-Heres at Mount Ephraim to the north of Mount Gaash. |
|| Josh 24:30.
territory ← border. |
| Judg 2:10 | וְגַם֙ כָּל־הַדּ֣וֹר הַה֔וּא נֶאֶסְפ֖וּ אֶל־אֲבוֹתָ֑יו וַיָּקָם֩ דּ֨וֹר אַחֵ֜ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַם֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And also all that generation were gathered to their fathers, and another generation arose after them, who had not known the Lord, nor the work that he had done for Israel either. | their fathers ← its fathers, referring to generation. |
| Judg 2:11 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | And the sons of Israel did wrong in the sight of the Lord, and they served the Baalim. | |
| Judg 2:12 | וַיַּעַזְב֞וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֗ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים מֵאֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיַּכְעִ֖סוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And they forsook the Lord God of their fathers who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and they followed other gods, from the gods of the various peoples which were around them, and they bowed down to them, and they provoked the Lord to anger. | |
| Judg 2:13 | וַיַּעַזְב֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ לַבַּ֖עַל וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃ | And they forsook the Lord, and they served Baal and images of Astarte. | images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| Judg 2:14 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֽוֹיְבֵיהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ ע֔וֹד לַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of plunderers, and they plundered them, and he sold them into the hand of their enemies round about, and they could no longer stand against their enemies. | |
| Judg 2:15 | בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָצְא֗וּ יַד־יְהוָה֙ הָיְתָה־בָּ֣ם לְרָעָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֥צֶר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | Everywhere they went, the hand of the Lord was against them, to their detriment, as the Lord had said, and as the Lord had sworn to them, and they were greatly straitened. | went ← went out into. |
| Judg 2:16 | וַיָּ֥קֶם יְהוָ֖ה שֹֽׁפְטִ֑ים וַיּ֣וֹשִׁיע֔וּם מִיַּ֖ד שֹׁסֵיהֶֽם׃ | But the Lord raised up judges, who saved them from those who were plundering them. | |
| Judg 2:17 | וְגַ֤ם אֶל־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ כִּ֣י זָנ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֜רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָלְכ֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹא־עָ֥שׂוּ כֵֽן׃ | But they did not obey their judges either, for they played the harlot with other gods, and they bowed down to them, and they quickly departed from the way their fathers had gone, in that those obeyed the Lord's commandments, but these did not do so. |
obey ← hear.
in that those obeyed ← to hear. these ← they. |
| Judg 2:18 | וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when the Lord raised up judges to them, the Lord was with the judge, and he saved them from the hands of their enemies all the days of the judge, because the Lord had pity, because of their lamentation on account of those who oppressed them and those who tyrannized them. | |
| Judg 2:19 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּמ֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפֵ֗ט יָשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וְהִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ מֵֽאֲבוֹתָ֔ם לָלֶ֗כֶת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְעָבְדָ֖ם וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א הִפִּ֙ילוּ֙ מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִדַּרְכָּ֖ם הַקָּשָֽׁה׃ | And it would come to pass at the death of the judge, that they would revert and corruptly deviate from the way of their fathers, in following other gods, in serving them and in bowing down to them. They did not desist from their deeds or their stubborn way, |
from the way of their fathers: AV differs (more than their fathers), also possible, but in Judg 2:17 and Judg 2:22, the fathers are shown in a good light.
in following ... in serving ... in bowing down: gerundial use of the infinitive. stubborn ← hard, unyielding, ↴ |
| Judg 2:20 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֜וּ הַגּ֣וֹי הַזֶּ֗ה אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ לְקוֹלִֽי׃ | so the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he said, “Since this people has transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and they have not obeyed me, |
↳ grievous. With neck the words mean stiff-necked, i.e. stubborn.
obeyed me ← heard my voice. |
| Judg 2:21 | גַּם־אֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אוֹסִ֔יף לְהוֹרִ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־עָזַ֥ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | I in turn will not continue to dispossess anyone before them, from the nations which Joshua left when he died, |
in turn ← also, but with wider scope.
when: wider use of the vav. |
| Judg 2:22 | לְמַ֛עַן נַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲשֹׁמְרִ֣ים הֵם֩ אֶת־דֶּ֨רֶךְ יְהוָ֜ה לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁמְר֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אִם־לֹֽא׃ | in order to test Israel through them, as to whether they are keeping the way of the Lord, by walking in these ways as their fathers kept them, or not.” | by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 2:23 | וַיַּנַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְבִלְתִּ֥י הוֹרִישָׁ֖ם מַהֵ֑ר וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם בְּיַד־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ פ | For the Lord had left those nations alone, not quickly dispossessing them. And he had not delivered them into Joshua's hand. | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 3:1 | וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ | And these are the nations which the Lord left alone, in order to test Israel through them – all those who did not know all the wars of Canaan – | |
| Judg 3:2 | רַ֗ק לְמַ֙עַן֙ דַּ֚עַת דֹּר֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְלַמְּדָ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה רַ֥ק אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנִ֖ים לֹ֥א יְדָעֽוּם׃ | but in order for the generations of the sons of Israel to know – to teach them war – just those who had not known them previously, they are: | them: i.e. the adversaries in past wars. |
| Judg 3:3 | חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַצִּ֣ידֹנִ֔י וְהַ֣חִוִּ֔י יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַ֣ר הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן מֵהַר֙ בַּ֣עַל חֶרְמ֔וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת׃ | five barons of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites and the Sidonians and the Hivites who lived at the mountain range of Lebanon, from Mount Baal-Hermon to the approach to Hamath. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. AV= Sidonians, but often Zidonians in this book. |
| Judg 3:4 | וַֽיִּהְי֕וּ לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָדַ֗עַת הֲיִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | Now they were to test Israel, by means of them, so as to know whether they would obey the Lord's commandments which he commanded their fathers through the intermediacy of Moses. |
obey ← hear.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 3:5 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יָשְׁב֖וּ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | And the sons of Israel dwelt in the midst of the Canaanites, the Hittites and the Amorites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 3:6 | וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם לָהֶם֙ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָתְנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And they took their daughters for themselves as wives, and they gave their daughters to their sons, and they served their gods. | |
| Judg 3:7 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרֽוֹת׃ | And the sons of Israel did wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and they forgot the Lord their God, and they served the Baalim and the phallic parks. | |
| Judg 3:8 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם בְּיַד֙ כּוּשַׁ֣ן רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם מֶ֖לֶךְ אֲרַ֣ם נַהֲרָ֑יִם וַיַּעַבְד֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushan-Rishathaim king of Aramaea of Mesopotamia, and the sons of Israel served Chushan-Rishathaim for eight years. | eight years: part of the missing 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi (not my people), explaining the apparent discrepancy between 1 Ki 6:1 (480 years) and Acts 13:17-21 + 2 Sam 5:4 (573 years) for the same period. The missing 93 years are accounted ↴ |
| Judg 3:9 | וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֥ה מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיּֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֑ם אֵ֚ת עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז אֲחִ֥י כָלֵ֖ב הַקָּטֹ֥ן מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, and the Lord raised up a saviour to the sons of Israel, who delivered them: Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. | ↳ for in Judg 3:8, Judg 3:14, Judg 4:3, Judg 6:1 and Judg 13:1 (8+18+20+7+40=93). |
| Judg 3:10 | וַתְּהִ֨י עָלָ֥יו רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֮ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֵּצֵא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַתָּ֣עָז יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם׃ | And the spirit of the Lord came on him, and he judged Israel, and he went out to battle, and the Lord delivered Chushan-Rishathaim king of Aramaea into his hand, and his hand prevailed against Chushan-Rishathaim. | came ← became. |
| Judg 3:11 | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֖מָת עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־קְנַֽז׃ פ | Then the land was quiet for forty years, then Othniel the son of Kenaz died. | |
| Judg 3:12 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְחַזֵּ֨ק יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־עֶגְל֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָב֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֛ל כִּֽי־עָשׂ֥וּ אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | The sons of Israel then did wrong in the sight of the Lord again, and the Lord strengthened Eglon king of Moab against Israel, because they had done wrong in the sight of the Lord. | |
| Judg 3:13 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֣ף אֵלָ֔יו אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽירְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־עִ֥יר הַתְּמָרִֽים׃ | And he recruited the sons of Ammon and Amalek, and they set off and struck Israel, and they took possession of the City of Palm Trees. |
recruited ← gathered to himself.
City of Palm Trees: i.e. Jericho. See Deut 34:3, 2 Chr 28:15. |
| Judg 3:14 | וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־עֶגְל֣וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֔ב שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | Then the sons of Israel served Eglon king of Moab for eighteen years. | eighteen years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 3:15 | וַיִּזְעֲק֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֶל־יְהוָה֒ וַיָּקֶם֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם מוֹשִׁ֗יעַ אֶת־אֵה֤וּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא֙ בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֔י אִ֥ישׁ אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּיָדוֹ֙ מִנְחָ֔ה לְעֶגְל֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ מוֹאָֽב׃ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, and the Lord raised up a saviour to them, Ehud the son of Gera, the Benjaminite, a left-handed man, and the sons of Israel sent a gift through his agency to Eglon king of Moab. |
Benjaminite: AV differs somewhat (Benjamite), throughout the Bible.
a left-handed man ← a man bound of his right hand. Left-handed given by [AnLx], [BDB], [ST]. agency ← hand. |
| Judg 3:16 | וַיַּעַשׂ֩ ל֨וֹ אֵה֜וּד חֶ֗רֶב וְלָ֛הּ שְׁנֵ֥י פֵי֖וֹת גֹּ֣מֶד אָרְכָּ֑הּ וַיַּחְגֹּ֤ר אוֹתָהּ֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לְמַדָּ֔יו עַ֖ל יֶ֥רֶךְ יְמִינֽוֹ׃ | And Ehud made himself a sword with two edges, a short-cubit in length, and he girded it under his garments at his right thigh. | short-cubit: as [BDB]. A cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm; a short cubit may be half that. |
| Judg 3:17 | וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה לְעֶגְל֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב וְעֶגְל֕וֹן אִ֥ישׁ בָּרִ֖יא מְאֹֽד׃ | And he offered the gift to Eglon king of Moab. Now Eglon was a very fat man. | |
| Judg 3:18 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּלָּ֔ה לְהַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וַיְשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם נֹשְׂאֵ֖י הַמִּנְחָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when he had finished offering the gift, that he sent the people who bore the gift out. | |
| Judg 3:19 | וְה֣וּא שָׁ֗ב מִן־הַפְּסִילִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר דְּבַר־סֵ֥תֶר לִ֛י אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָ֔ס וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃ | And he returned from the quarry which was in Gilgal, and he said, “I have a secret message for you, O king.” And he said, “Shush.” And all the people standing around him went out away from him. |
quarry: or carved images. Perhaps a carved image park.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Judg 3:20 | וְאֵה֣וּד ׀ בָּ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵה֔וּד דְּבַר־אֱלֹהִ֥ים לִ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֖קָם מֵעַ֥ל הַכִּסֵּֽא׃ | Then Ehud went to him. Now he was sitting in an upper cool room which was for himself only, and Ehud said, “I have a message from God to you.” And he got up from his seat. |
upper cool room ← upper room of coolness.
message ← word. |
| Judg 3:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵהוּד֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד שְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב מֵעַ֖ל יֶ֣רֶךְ יְמִינ֑וֹ וַיִּתְקָעֶ֖הָ בְּבִטְנֽוֹ׃ | Then Ehud shot out his left hand and took his sword from his right thigh and thrust it into his belly. | |
| Judg 3:22 | וַיָּבֹ֨א גַֽם־הַנִּצָּ֜ב אַחַ֣ר הַלַּ֗הַב וַיִּסְגֹּ֤ר הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ בְּעַ֣ד הַלַּ֔הַב כִּ֣י לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ף הַחֶ֖רֶב מִבִּטְנ֑וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הַֽפַּרְשְׁדֹֽנָה׃ | And even the handle went in after the blade, and the fat closed in around the blade, because he did not draw the sword out of his belly, and it came out at his rectum. | at his rectum: AV differs, or it is euphemistic (dirt). |
| Judg 3:23 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א אֵה֖וּד הַֽמִּסְדְּר֑וֹנָה וַיִּסְגֹּ֞ר דַּלְת֧וֹת הָעַלִיָּ֛ה בַּעֲד֖וֹ וְנָעָֽל׃ | Then Ehud went out through the porch, and he closed the doors to the upper room behind him and locked them. | |
| Judg 3:24 | וְה֤וּא יָצָא֙ וַעֲבָדָ֣יו בָּ֔אוּ וַיִּרְא֕וּ וְהִנֵּ֛ה דַּלְת֥וֹת הָעֲלִיָּ֖ה נְעֻל֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אַ֣ךְ מֵסִ֥יךְ ה֛וּא אֶת־רַגְלָ֖יו בַּחֲדַ֥ר הַמְּקֵרָֽה׃ | And when he had gone out, his servants came and looked, and they found the doors of the upper room locked, and they said, “Surely he is covering his feet in the upper cool room.” |
they found ← behold.
upper cool room: AV differs slightly, summer chamber, losing the root meaning cool. |
| Judg 3:25 | וַיָּחִ֣ילוּ עַד־בּ֔וֹשׁ וְהְנֵּ֛ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ פֹתֵ֖חַ דַּלְת֣וֹת הָֽעֲלִיָּ֑ה וַיִּקְח֤וּ אֶת־הַמַּפְתֵּ֙חַ֙ וַיִּפְתָּ֔חוּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נֵיהֶ֔ם נֹפֵ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה מֵֽת׃ | And they waited until they were ashamed, and contrary to expectation, he didn't open the doors to the upper room, so they took the key and opened it, and what they saw was that their master had fallen to the ground dead. |
contrary to expectation ← behold.
what they saw was that ← behold. |
| Judg 3:26 | וְאֵה֥וּד נִמְלַ֖ט עַ֣ד הִֽתְמַהְמְהָ֑ם וְהוּא֙ עָבַ֣ר אֶת־הַפְּסִילִ֔ים וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט הַשְּׂעִירָֽתָה׃ | And Ehud escaped while they delayed, and he crossed over the quarry and escaped to Seirah. |
quarry: or carved images.
Seirah: AV= Seirath, taking part of the locative ending as belonging to the name. |
| Judg 3:27 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹא֔וֹ וַיִּתְקַ֥ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּרְד֨וּ עִמּ֧וֹ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִן־הָהָ֖ר וְה֥וּא לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, when he arrived, that he sounded the ramshorn at Mount Ephraim, and the sons of Israel came down with him from the mountain, and he was in front of them. | |
| Judg 3:28 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ רִדְפ֣וּ אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם אֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַיֵּרְד֣וּ אַחֲרָ֗יו וַֽיִּלְכְּד֞וּ אֶת־מַעְבְּר֤וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְמוֹאָ֔ב וְלֹֽא־נָתְנ֥וּ אִ֖ישׁ לַעֲבֹֽר׃ | And he said to them, “Pursue following me, because the Lord has delivered your enemies – Moab – into your hand.” So they went down following him, and they captured the fords of the Jordan for crossing to Moab, and they did not allow any man to cross. | following me ... following him ← after me ... after him. |
| Judg 3:29 | וַיַּכּ֨וּ אֶת־מוֹאָ֜ב בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא כַּעֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ כָּל־שָׁמֵ֖ן וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑יִל וְלֹ֥א נִמְלַ֖ט אִֽישׁ׃ | And they struck Moab at that time – about ten thousand men – all brawny and all valiant men, and not a man escaped. | brawny: AV differs, to modern ears at least (lusty). |
| Judg 3:30 | וַתִּכָּנַ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תַּ֖חַת יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | So Moab was humiliated on that day by the power of Israel, and the land was quiet for eighty years. |
humiliated: or subdued.
power ← hand. |
| Judg 3:31 | וְאַחֲרָ֤יו הָיָה֙ שַׁמְגַּ֣ר בֶּן־עֲנָ֔ת וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ בְּמַלְמַ֖ד הַבָּקָ֑ר וַיֹּ֥שַׁע גַּם־ה֖וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, and he struck the Philistines – six hundred men – with an ox-goad. And he too saved Israel. | |
| Judg 4:1 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵה֖וּד מֵֽת׃ | Then the sons of Israel did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord again, but Ehud was dead. | |
| Judg 4:2 | וַיִּמְכְּרֵ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה בְּיַד֙ יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחָצ֑וֹר וְשַׂר־צְבָאוֹ֙ סִֽיסְרָ֔א וְה֥וּא יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בַּחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And the Lord sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor, the commander of whose army was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth of the Gentiles. | |
| Judg 4:3 | וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֠י תְּשַׁ֨ע מֵא֤וֹת רֶֽכֶב־בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ וְ֠הוּא לָחַ֞ץ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּחָזְקָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord, for he had nine hundred iron chariots, and he oppressed the sons of Israel severely for twenty years. | twenty years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 4:4 | וּדְבוֹרָה֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה נְבִיאָ֔ה אֵ֖שֶׁת לַפִּיד֑וֹת הִ֛יא שֹׁפְטָ֥ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | Now Deborah was a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, and she was judging Israel at that time, |
a prophetess ← a prophetess lady.
Lappidoth: AV= Lapidoth. |
| Judg 4:5 | וְ֠הִיא יוֹשֶׁ֨בֶת תַּֽחַת־תֹּ֜מֶר דְּבוֹרָ֗ה בֵּ֧ין הָרָמָ֛ה וּבֵ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֵלֶ֛יהָ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | and she was sitting under the palm tree of Deborah – between Ramah and Beth-El at Mount Ephraim – and the sons of Israel went up to her for justice. | Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Judg 4:6 | וַתִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַתִּקְרָא֙ לְבָרָ֣ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֔עַם מִקֶּ֖דֶשׁ נַפְתָּלִ֑י וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו הֲלֹ֥א צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵ֤ךְ וּמָֽשַׁכְתָּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ עִמְּךָ֗ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י וּמִבְּנֵ֥י זְבֻלֽוּן׃ | And she sent for and called for Barak the son of Abinoam in Kedesh-Naphtali, and she said to him, “Did not the Lord God of Israel command you and say, ‘Go and seize Mount Tabor, and take with you ten thousand men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulun. |
in Kedesh-Naphtali ← from Kedesh-Naphtali.
AV differs as to where the question ends. |
| Judg 4:7 | וּמָשַׁכְתִּ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֗וֹן אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יָבִ֔ין וְאֶת־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And I will draw Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army, to you at the Kishon Brook, with his chariot fleet and his multitude, and I will deliver him into your hands’?” | at the Kishon Brook ← to the Kishon Brook. |
| Judg 4:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּרָ֔ק אִם־תֵּלְכִ֥י עִמִּ֖י וְהָלָ֑כְתִּי וְאִם־לֹ֥א תֵלְכִ֛י עִמִּ֖י לֹ֥א אֵלֵֽךְ׃ | Then Barak said to her, “If you go with me, I will go, but if you don't go with me, I won't go.” | I will go ... I won't go: interesting “tenses” – vav consecutive of perfect (tone not shifted in pause, [Ges-HG] §49m) ... plain imperfect. |
| Judg 4:9 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר הָלֹ֧ךְ אֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֗ךְ אֶ֚פֶס כִּי֩ לֹ֨א תִֽהְיֶ֜ה תִּֽפְאַרְתְּךָ֗ עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה הוֹלֵ֔ךְ כִּ֣י בְֽיַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה יִמְכֹּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֑א וַתָּ֧קָם דְּבוֹרָ֛ה וַתֵּ֥לֶך עִם־בָּרָ֖ק קֶֽדְשָׁה׃ | Then she said, “I will willingly go with you, but you will not have the honour of the expedition which you are going on, for the Lord will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman.” Then Deborah arose and went with Barak to Kedesh. |
I will willingly go: infinitive absolute.
you will not have the honour ← there will not be your honour. expedition ← road. |
| Judg 4:10 | וַיַּזְעֵ֨ק בָּרָ֜ק אֶת־זְבוּלֻ֤ן וְאֶת־נַפְתָּלִי֙ קֶ֔דְשָׁה וַיַּ֣עַל בְּרַגְלָ֔יו עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אַלְפֵ֖י אִ֑ישׁ וַתַּ֥עַל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבוֹרָֽה׃ | Then Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali together in Kedesh, and ten thousand men went up in his footsteps, and Deborah went up with him. |
in Kedesh ← to Kadesh.
in his footsteps ← at his feet. |
| Judg 4:11 | וְחֶ֤בֶר הַקֵּינִי֙ נִפְרָ֣ד מִקַּ֔יִן מִבְּנֵ֥י חֹבָ֖ב חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳל֔וֹ עַד־אֵל֥וֹן *בצענים **בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶת־קֶֽדֶשׁ׃ | And Heber the Kenite, who had parted from the Kenites, one of the sons of Hobab, Moses' father-in-law, pitched his tent at the oak at {Q: Zaanannim} [K: Zaanaim] which is next to Kedesh. |
Zaanannim (qeré) ... Zaanaim (ketiv): in Josh 19:33 Zaanannim.
next to ← with. |
| Judg 4:12 | וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לְסִֽיסְרָ֑א כִּ֥י עָלָ֛ה בָּרָ֥ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֖עַם הַר־תָּבֽוֹר׃ ס | And it was reported to Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor. | it was reported ← they reported. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Judg 4:13 | וַיַּזְעֵ֨ק סִֽיסְרָ֜א אֶת־כָּל־רִכְבּ֗וֹ תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ מֵחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃ | So Sisera called up the whole of his chariot fleet – nine hundred iron chariots – and all the people who were with him, from Harosheth of the Gentiles to the Kishon Brook. | |
| Judg 4:14 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ דְּבֹרָ֨ה אֶל־בָּרָ֜ק ק֗וּם כִּ֣י זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ הֲלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה יָצָ֣א לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּרָק֙ מֵהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וַעֲשֶׂ֧רֶת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֖ישׁ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | Then Deborah said to Barak, “Arise, for this is the day on which the Lord has delivered Sisera into your hand. Will not the Lord go out before you?” So Barak went down from Mount Tabor with ten thousand men following him. | following ← after. |
| Judg 4:15 | וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃ | And the Lord routed Sisera and all his chariot fleet and the whole of his camp, by the edge of the sword before Barak, but Sisera descended from his chariot and fled on foot. | |
| Judg 4:16 | וּבָרָ֗ק רָדַ֞ף אַחֲרֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה עַ֖ד חֲרֹ֣שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֞ל כָּל־מַחֲנֵ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר עַד־אֶחָֽד׃ | And Barak pursued the chariot fleet and the camp as far as Harosheth of the Gentiles, and the whole of Sisera's camp fell at the edge of the sword – not even one remained. | even ← up to. |
| Judg 4:17 | וְסִֽיסְרָא֙ נָ֣ס בְּרַגְלָ֔יו אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יָעֵ֔ל אֵ֖שֶּׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י כִּ֣י שָׁל֗וֹם בֵּ֚ין יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־חָצ֔וֹר וּבֵ֕ין בֵּ֖ית חֶ֥בֶר הַקֵּינִֽי׃ | And Sisera fled on foot to the tent of Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite, for there was peace between Jabin king of Hazor and the house of Heber the Kenite. | |
| Judg 4:18 | וַתֵּצֵ֣א יָעֵל֮ לִקְרַ֣את סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו סוּרָ֧ה אֲדֹנִ֛י סוּרָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיָּ֤סַר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה׃ | And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and she said to him, “Turn in, my lord, turn in to me. Do not be afraid.” So he turned in to her, into her tent, and she covered him with a blanket. | a blanket ← the blanket. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 4:19 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ הַשְׁקִינִי־נָ֥א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם כִּ֣י צָמֵ֑אתִי וַתִּפְתַּ֞ח אֶת־נֹ֧אוד הֶחָלָ֛ב וַתַּשְׁקֵ֖הוּ וַתְּכַסֵּֽהוּ׃ | And he said, “Please give me a little water to drink, for I am thirsty.” And she opened a flask of milk and let him drink, and she covered him. | a flask ← the flask, made grammatically definite by the nomen rectum following. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 4:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ עֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וְהָיָה֩ אִם־אִ֨ישׁ יָב֜וֹא וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְאָמַ֛ר הֲיֵֽשׁ־פֹּ֥ה אִ֖ישׁ וְאָמַ֥רְתְּ אָֽיִן׃ | And he said to her, “Stand at the entrance to the tent, and make sure if a man comes and asks you, and says, ‘Is there a man here?’, that you will say, ‘No.’ ” | make sure ← it shall be. |
| Judg 4:21 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח יָעֵ֣ל אֵֽשֶׁת־חֶ֠בֶר אֶת־יְתַ֨ד הָאֹ֜הֶל וַתָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַמַּקֶּ֣בֶת בְּיָדָ֗הּ וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלָיו֙ בַּלָּ֔אט וַתִּתְקַ֤ע אֶת־הַיָּתֵד֙ בְּרַקָּת֔וֹ וַתִּצְנַ֖ח בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֽוּא־נִרְדָּ֥ם וַיָּ֖עַף וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | Then Jael Heber's wife took a tent peg, and she took a mallet in her hand, and she went to him stealthily, and she drove the peg into his temple, and it penetrated the ground, while he was slumbering and was weary. And he died. |
a tent peg ... a mallet ← the tent peg ... the mallet. Unexpected definite articles. See Gen 22:9.
stealthily: or softly. |
| Judg 4:22 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה בָרָק֮ רֹדֵ֣ף אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֵּצֵ֤א יָעֵל֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֣ךְ וְאַרְאֶ֔ךָּ אֶת־הָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלֶ֔יהָ וְהִנֵּ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ נֹפֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וְהַיָּתֵ֖ד בְּרַקָּתֽוֹ׃ | And what happened was that when Barak was pursuing Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, and she said to him, “Come and I will show you the man you are looking for.” So he went to her and there was Sisera fallen down dead, with the peg in his temple. |
what happened was that ← behold.
there was ← behold. |
| Judg 4:23 | וַיַּכְנַ֤ע אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֵ֖ת יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So God humiliated Jabin king of Canaan on that day before the sons of Israel. | |
| Judg 4:24 | וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ יַ֤ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְקָשָׁ֔ה עַ֖ל יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְרִ֔יתוּ אֵ֖ת יָבִ֥ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָֽעַן׃ פ | And the force of the sons of Israel was ongoing and severe against Jabin king of Canaan, until they had destroyed Jabin king of Canaan. |
force ← hand.
was ongoing and severe ← went going and (being) hard, with infinitive absolute. AV differs somewhat (prospered and prevailed). |
| Judg 5:1 | וַתָּ֣שַׁר דְּבוֹרָ֔ה וּבָרָ֖ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֑עַם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, and they said, | |
| Judg 5:2 | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
“For the effecting of deliverance in Israel, When the people were willing, Bless the Lord. |
for the effecting: gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs (for the avenging), from the Chaldee meaning. |
| Judg 5:3 | שִׁמְע֣וּ מְלָכִ֔ים הַאֲזִ֖ינוּ רֹֽזְנִ֑ים אָֽנֹכִ֗י לַֽיהוָה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָשִׁ֔ירָה אֲזַמֵּ֕ר לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Hear, O kings; Give ear, O princes. I myself shall sing to the Lord; I shall sing psalms to the Lord God of Israel. |
|
| Judg 5:4 | יְהוָ֗ה בְּצֵאתְךָ֤ מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ בְּצַעְדְּךָ֙ מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֱד֔וֹם אֶ֣רֶץ רָעָ֔שָׁה גַּם־שָׁמַ֖יִם נָטָ֑פוּ גַּם־עָבִ֖ים נָ֥טְפוּ מָֽיִם׃ |
Lord, when you went out from Seir, When you marched from the open country of Edom, The earth trembled, And not only did the heavens drip, But the thick clouds also precipitated water. |
drip ... precipitated ← drip ... dripped. So-called otiose usage, but perhaps elegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5.
not only ... but ... also ← also ... also. |
| Judg 5:5 | הָרִ֥ים נָזְל֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה זֶ֣ה סִינַ֔י מִפְּנֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Mountains flowed on account of the Lord – Sinai here did On account of the Lord God of Israel. |
|
| Judg 5:6 | בִּימֵ֞י שַׁמְגַּ֤ר בֶּן־עֲנָת֙ בִּימֵ֣י יָעֵ֔ל חָדְל֖וּ אֳרָח֑וֹת וְהֹלְכֵ֣י נְתִיב֔וֹת יֵלְכ֕וּ אֳרָח֖וֹת עֲקַלְקַלּֽוֹת׃ |
In the days of Shamgar The son of Anath, In the days of Jael, They avoided the highways, And those that went on travels Went by twisting ways. |
they avoided the highways: or the highways were avoided. AV differs somewhat (the highways were unoccupied).
travels ← beaten paths. |
| Judg 5:7 | חָדְל֧וּ פְרָז֛וֹן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חָדֵ֑לּוּ עַ֤ד שַׁקַּ֙מְתִּי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה שַׁקַּ֥מְתִּי אֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Leadership ceased in Israel – It ceased – Until I, Deborah, arose, When I arose as a mother in Israel. |
leadership: or, as the sense of the AV (but less fitting in the context), village life. Collective usage, taking a plural verb. So AV differs. |
| Judg 5:8 | יִבְחַר֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים אָ֖ז לָחֶ֣ם שְׁעָרִ֑ים מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח בְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
It chose new gods, Then there was war at the gates. Was a shield seen – Or a spear – Among the forty thousand in Israel? |
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Judg 5:9 | לִבִּי֙ לְחוֹקְקֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַמִּֽתְנַדְּבִ֖ים בָּעָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
My heart turned to the legislators of Israel, Those who were willing among the people. Bless the Lord. |
|
| Judg 5:10 | רֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִֽׂיחוּ׃ |
Riders on white she-asses, You who sit in judgment, And you who walk on the road, Speak! |
in judgment: as AV, we derive the word from דִּין (judgment). [AnLx], [BDB], [Ges-HCL] all derive as an Aramaic plural of מַד, translating carpet (for sitting on). |
| Judg 5:11 | מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים בֵּ֚ין מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים שָׁ֤ם יְתַנּוּ֙ צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָ֛ז יָרְד֥וּ לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים עַם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
At the sound of archers, Between water troughs, There they celebrate The righteous deeds of the Lord – The righteous deeds Of his leadership in Israel. That is when the people of the Lord Went down to the gates. |
leadership: AV differs (villages). |
| Judg 5:12 | עוּרִ֤י עוּרִי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה ע֥וּרִי ע֖וּרִי דַּבְּרִי־שִׁ֑יר ק֥וּם בָּרָ֛ק וּֽשֲׁבֵ֥ה שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ בֶּן־אֲבִינֹֽעַם׃ |
Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake; utter a song. Arise, Barak! And make your captivity captive, O son of Abinoam. |
make your captivity captive: i.e. throw off your servitude. The expression is used in Ps 68:19 (Ps 68:18AV) and Eph 4:8. |
| Judg 5:13 | אָ֚ז יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים עָ֑ם יְהוָ֕ה יְרַד־לִ֖י בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
At that time he gave dominion Over the nobility of the people To a survivor. The Lord gave me dominion Over warriors. |
he gave dominion: an apocopated piel future from רָדָה rather than the qal imperative of יָרַד. |
| Judg 5:14 | מִנִּ֣י אֶפְרַ֗יִם שָׁרְשָׁם֙ בַּעֲמָלֵ֔ק אַחֲרֶ֥יךָ בִנְיָמִ֖ין בַּֽעֲמָמֶ֑יךָ מִנִּ֣י מָכִ֗יר יָֽרְדוּ֙ מְחֹ֣קְקִ֔ים וּמִ֨זְּבוּלֻ֔ן מֹשְׁכִ֖ים בְּשֵׁ֥בֶט סֹפֵֽר׃ |
From Ephraim came their root Against Amalek. And after you came Benjamin, Among your people. From Machir, legislators came down, And from Zebulun, They that hold out the rod of the recording scribe. |
people ← peoples.
rod: for counting, according to [CB]. AV differs (pen). The most common meanings are tribe and rod / sceptre. |
| Judg 5:15 | וְשָׂרַ֤י בְּיִשָּׂשכָר֙ עִם־דְּבֹרָ֔ה וְיִשָּׂשכָר֙ כֵּ֣ן בָּרָ֔ק בָּעֵ֖מֶק שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּרַגְלָ֑יו בִּפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן גְּדֹלִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
But my princes among Issachar were with Deborah. And as was Issachar, so was Barak. He was sent to the valley on foot. Among the divisions of Reuben, Great were the impressions on the heart. |
impressions on the heart: (objective genitive), or imaginations of the heart (subjective genitive). |
| Judg 5:16 | לָ֣מָּה יָשַׁ֗בְתָּ בֵּ֚ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַ֔יִם לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ שְׁרִק֣וֹת עֲדָרִ֑ים לִפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן גְּדוֹלִ֖ים חִקְרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
Why did you dwell between the sheepfolds, So as to hear the bleating of the flocks? Among the divisions of Reuben, Great were the searchings of the heart. |
the searchings of the heart: a similar sounding, but different, word to that of Judg 5:15, in a subjective genitive construction. |
| Judg 5:17 | גִּלְעָ֗ד בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ שָׁכֵ֔ן וְדָ֕ן לָ֥מָּה יָג֖וּר אֳנִיּ֑וֹת אָשֵׁ֗ר יָשַׁב֙ לְח֣וֹף יַמִּ֔ים וְעַ֥ל מִפְרָצָ֖יו יִשְׁכּֽוֹן׃ |
Gilead dwelt across the Jordan, And why did Dan inhabit ships? Asher stayed on the coast of the seas And dwelt in its creeks. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 5:18 | זְבֻל֗וּן עַ֣ם חֵרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לָמ֖וּת וְנַפְתָּלִ֑י עַ֖ל מְרוֹמֵ֥י שָׂדֶֽה׃ |
Zebulun is a people Who despised mortal danger. Naphtali likewise In the heights of the open countryside. |
who despised mortal danger ← despised its soul for dying.
Naphtali likewise ← and Naphtali. |
| Judg 5:19 | בָּ֤אוּ מְלָכִים֙ נִלְחָ֔מוּ אָ֤ז נִלְחֲמוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י כְנַ֔עַן בְּתַעְנַ֖ךְ עַל־מֵ֣י מְגִדּ֑וֹ בֶּ֥צַע כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א לָקָֽחוּ׃ |
Kings came and fought, Then the kings of Canaan fought In Taanach by the water of Megiddo. They did not take any spoils of silver. |
Taanach: see Judg 1:27. |
| Judg 5:20 | מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם נִלְחָ֑מוּ הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙ מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־סִיסְרָֽא׃ |
They fought from heaven; The stars fought Against Sisera from their courses. |
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 5:21 | נַ֤חַל קִישׁוֹן֙ גְּרָפָ֔ם נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֑וֹן תִּדְרְכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י עֹֽז׃ |
The Kishon Brook swept them away – The brook of the ancients, The Kishon Brook. My own self was to tread there in strength. |
my own self was to tread ← tread, my soul.
in strength: or, objective, on strength (of the enemy), as the sense of AV. So AV differs. |
| Judg 5:22 | אָ֥ז הָלְמ֖וּ עִקְּבֵי־ס֑וּס מִֽדַּהֲר֖וֹת דַּהֲר֥וֹת אַבִּירָֽיו׃ |
Then the tracks of cavalry were imprinted at the prancing – The prancing of his mighty ones. |
tracks of cavalry ... imprinted: AV differs (horsehoofs broken). |
| Judg 5:23 | א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
‘Curse Meroz’, Said the angel of the Lord; ‘Curse its inhabitants vehemently, For they did not come To the Lord's help – To the Lord's help Against the warriors.’ |
curse ... vehemently: infinitive absolute.
to the Lord's help (2x): i.e. to join in the battle, in which the Lord was helping. Subjective genitive. |
| Judg 5:24 | תְּבֹרַךְ֙ מִנָּשִׁ֔ים יָעֵ֕ל אֵ֖שֶׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י מִנָּשִׁ֥ים בָּאֹ֖הֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ׃ |
May Jael be the most blessed of women – The wife of Heber the Kenite – May she be the most blessed Of women in the tent. |
|
| Judg 5:25 | מַ֥יִם שָׁאַ֖ל חָלָ֣ב נָתָ֑נָה בְּסֵ֥פֶל אַדִּירִ֖ים הִקְרִ֥יבָה חֶמְאָֽה׃ |
He asked for water; She gave him milk. In a bowl for the nobility, She offered buttermilk. |
|
| Judg 5:26 | יָדָהּ֙ לַיָּתֵ֣ד תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה וִֽימִינָ֖הּ לְהַלְמ֣וּת עֲמֵלִ֑ים וְהָלְמָ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ מָחֲקָ֣ה רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וּמָחֲצָ֥ה וְחָלְפָ֖ה רַקָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Her hand reached for the peg And her right hand for the workmen's hammer, And she hammered Sisera. She crushed his head And dashed and pierced his temple. |
|
| Judg 5:27 | בֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֔יהָ כָּרַ֥ע נָפַ֖ל שָׁכָ֑ב בֵּ֤ין רַגְלֶ֙יהָ֙ כָּרַ֣ע נָפָ֔ל בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ע שָׁ֖ם נָפַ֥ל שָׁדֽוּד׃ |
He sank down and fell And lay between her feet. He sank down and fell between her feet. Where he sank down, There he fell, Slain. |
slain ← plundered, spoiled, but also destroyed, dead. |
| Judg 5:28 | בְּעַד֩ הַחַלּ֨וֹן נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב אֵ֥ם סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּעַ֣ד הָֽאֶשְׁנָ֑ב מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Sisera's mother peered through the window And cried aloud through the latticework, ‘Why is his chariot delayed in coming? Why is the clattering noise of his chariots late?’ |
in coming: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 5:29 | חַכְמ֥וֹת שָׂרוֹתֶ֖יהָ תַּעֲנֶ֑ינָּה אַף־הִ֕יא תָּשִׁ֥יב אֲמָרֶ֖יהָ לָֽהּ׃ |
Her princesses in their wisdom answered; She even responded in her own words, |
in her own words: AV differs somewhat (to herself). |
| Judg 5:30 | הֲלֹ֨א יִמְצְא֜וּ יְחַלְּק֣וּ שָׁלָ֗ל רַ֤חַם רַחֲמָתַ֙יִם֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ גֶּ֔בֶר שְׁלַ֤ל צְבָעִים֙ לְסִ֣יסְרָ֔א שְׁלַ֥ל צְבָעִ֖ים רִקְמָ֑ה צֶ֥בַע רִקְמָתַ֖יִם לְצַוְּארֵ֥י שָׁלָֽל׃ |
‘Have they not found, And are they not dividing, the spoil? A maiden or two per headcount of a man, Spoil of dyed garments for Sisera, Spoil of dyed garments with embroidery, Dyed double-sided embroidery For the necks of the spoil-takers.’ |
maiden: or womb, from which [BDB] derives womb-man, woman, as a slave. |
| Judg 5:31 | כֵּ֠ן יֹאבְד֤וּ כָל־אוֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאֹ֣הֲבָ֔יו כְּצֵ֥את הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָת֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ |
May all your enemies perish that way, O Lord, But let those who love him Be like the rising of the sun In its strength.” And the land was quiet for forty years. |
|
| Judg 6:1 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then the sons of Israel did wrong in the sight of the Lord, and the Lord delivered them into the hand of Midian for seven years. |
Midian: i.e. the Midianites. Collective usage.
seven years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 6:2 | וַתָּ֥עָז יַד־מִדְיָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִפְּנֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן עָשֽׂוּ לָהֶ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַמְּעָר֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּצָדֽוֹת׃ | And Midian's grip on Israel tightened. Because of Midian, the sons of Israel made themselves tunnels in the mountains, and caves, and fortresses. | |
| Judg 6:3 | וְהָיָ֖ה אִם־זָרַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעָלָ֨ה מִדְיָ֧ן וַֽעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם וְעָל֥וּ עָלָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when Israel had sown seed, that Midian came up, as did Amalek and the easterners, and they came up against them. |
easterners ← sons of the east.
them ← him, i.e. Israel. Collective usage. |
| Judg 6:4 | וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשְׁחִ֙יתוּ֙ אֶת־יְב֣וּל הָאָ֔רֶץ עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֖ עַזָּ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁאִ֤ירוּ מִֽחְיָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְשֶׂ֥ה וָשׁ֖וֹר וַחֲמֽוֹר׃ | And they encamped against them, and they destroyed the produce of the land as far as when you come to Gaza. And they did not leave any means of livelihood in Israel, neither sheep, nor oxen, nor donkeys. | not ... neither ... nor ... nor: negatory use of the vav, from one negation in the Hebrew. Compare Deut 33:6. |
| Judg 6:5 | כִּ֡י הֵם֩ וּמִקְנֵיהֶ֨ם יַעֲל֜וּ וְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם *יבאו **וּבָ֤אוּ כְדֵֽי־אַרְבֶּה֙ לָרֹ֔ב וְלָהֶ֥ם וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶ֖ם אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ בָאָ֖רֶץ לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃ | For they and their cattle would come up, with their tents. {K: They would come} [Q: And they came] like locusts in multitude, they and their camels being innumerable, and they came to the land to destroy it. | |
| Judg 6:6 | וַיִּדַּ֧ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מְאֹ֖ד מִפְּנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּזְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Israel was brought very low on account of Midian, and the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. | |
| Judg 6:7 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־זָעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה עַ֖ל אֹד֥וֹת מִדְיָֽן׃ | And it came to pass, when the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord because of Midian, | |
| Judg 6:8 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אִ֥ישׁ נָבִ֖יא אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י הֶעֱלֵ֤יתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וָאֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃ | that the Lord sent a prophet to the sons of Israel, and he said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I brought you up out of Egypt, and I brought you out of a house of slavery. |
a prophet ← a prophet man.
this is what ← thus. slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Judg 6:9 | וָאַצִּ֤ל אֶתְכֶם֙ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־לֹחֲצֵיכֶ֑ם וָאֲגָרֵ֤שׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וָאֶתְּנָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃ | And I delivered you from Egypt's grip and from the grip of all who were oppressing you, and I drove them out before you, and I gave you their land. | grip (2x) ← hand. |
| Judg 6:10 | וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָכֶ֗ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֤א תִֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקוֹלִֽי׃ פ | And I said to you, «I am the Lord your God. Do not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living», but you did not obey me.’ ” |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
obey me ← hear my voice. |
| Judg 6:11 | וַיָּבֹ֞א מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ תַּ֤חַת הָֽאֵלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעָפְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְיוֹאָ֖שׁ אֲבִ֣י הָֽעֶזְרִ֑י וְגִדְע֣וֹן בְּנ֗וֹ חֹבֵ֤ט חִטִּים֙ בַּגַּ֔ת לְהָנִ֖יס מִפְּנֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | Then the angel of the Lord came and sat under the terebinth tree which was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abi-Ezrite, while Gideon his son was threshing wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites. |
the angel of the Lord: see Judg 2:1.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. Midianites ← Midian. Collective usage. |
| Judg 6:12 | וַיֵּרָ֥א אֵלָ֖יו מַלְּאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ גִּבּ֥וֹר הֶחָֽיִל׃ | And the angel of the Lord appeared to him and said to him, “The Lord is with you, you valiant warrior.” | |
| Judg 6:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֤יו גִּדְעוֹן֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְיֵ֤שׁ יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְלָ֥מָּה מְצָאַ֖תְנוּ כָּל־זֹ֑את וְאַיֵּ֣ה כָֽל־נִפְלְאֹתָ֡יו אֲשֶׁר֩ סִפְּרוּ־לָ֨נוּ אֲבוֹתֵ֜ינוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הֶעֱלָ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וְעַתָּה֙ נְטָשָׁ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖נוּ בְּכַף־מִדְיָֽן׃ | And Gideon said to him, “O my Lord, please, if the Lord is present with us, then why has all this befallen us? And where are all his wonders which our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did the Lord not bring us up out of Egypt?’ And now the Lord has forsaken us and delivered us into the hand of Midian.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
befallen ← found. |
| Judg 6:14 | וַיִּ֤פֶן אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֵ֚ךְ בְּכֹחֲךָ֣ זֶ֔ה וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֥ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִכַּ֣ף מִדְיָ֑ן הֲלֹ֖א שְׁלַחְתִּֽיךָ׃ | And the Lord turned to him and said, “Go in this strength of yours, and save Israel from Midian's grip. Have I not sent you?” | grip ← palm. |
| Judg 6:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔י בַּמָּ֥ה אוֹשִׁ֖יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנֵּ֤ה אַלְפִּי֙ הַדַּ֣ל בִּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וְאָנֹכִ֥י הַצָּעִ֖יר בְּבֵ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | Then he said to him, “Please, Lord*, by what means shall I save Israel? Look, my family is the most reduced in the tribe of Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Judg 6:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֶהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | And the Lord said to him, “When I am with you, you will be able to strike Midian as one man.” | |
| Judg 6:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אִם־נָ֛א מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ לִּי֙ א֔וֹת שָׁאַתָּ֖ה מְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמִּֽי׃ | And he said to him, “If now I have found grace in your sight, do perform a sign for me, to show that it is you talking to me. | |
| Judg 6:18 | אַל־נָ֨א תָמֻ֤שׁ מִזֶּה֙ עַד־בֹּאִ֣י אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהֹֽצֵאתִי֙ אֶת־מִנְחָתִ֔י וְהִנַּחְתִּ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ׃ | Please do not depart from here until I come to you and bring out my meal-offering, and I deposit it before you.” And he said, “I will stay until you return.” | |
| Judg 6:19 | וְגִדְע֣וֹן בָּ֗א וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גְּדִֽי־עִזִּים֙ וְאֵיפַת־קֶ֣מַח מַצּ֔וֹת הַבָּשָׂר֙ שָׂ֣ם בַּסַּ֔ל וְהַמָּרַ֖ק שָׂ֣ם בַּפָּר֑וּר וַיּוֹצֵ֥א אֵלָ֛יו אֶל־תַּ֥חַת הָאֵלָ֖ה וַיַּגַּֽשׁ׃ ס | Then Gideon departed and prepared a kid of the goats and an ephah of flour's worth of unleavened loaves. He put the meat in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot, and he brought it out to him under the terebinth tree, and he offered it. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. a pot ← the pot. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 6:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים קַ֣ח אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֤ר וְאֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת֙ וְהַנַּח֙ אֶל־הַסֶּ֣לַע הַלָּ֔ז וְאֶת־הַמָּרַ֖ק שְׁפ֑וֹךְ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃ | Then the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened loaves, and deposit them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And he did so. | pour out: or spill. Pouring into something is a different word (יָצַק). |
| Judg 6:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֥ע בַּבָּשָׂ֖ר וּבַמַּצּ֑וֹת וַתַּ֨עַל הָאֵ֜שׁ מִן־הַצּ֗וּר וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר֙ וְאֶת־הַמַּצּ֔וֹת וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה הָלַ֖ךְ מֵעֵינָֽיו׃ | And the angel of the Lord held out the end of the staff which was in his hand, and he touched the meat and the unleavened loaves, and fire went up from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened loaves. Then the angel of the Lord departed out of his sight. | |
| Judg 6:22 | וַיַּ֣רְא גִּדְע֔וֹן כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה ה֑וּא ס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֗וֹן אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֙יתִי֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃ | And Gideon saw that it was the angel of the Lord, and Gideon said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, because I have seen the angel of the Lord face to face.” |
Gideon (2x): see Num 1:11.
the angel of the Lord (2x): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 6:23 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֖ אַל־תִּירָ֑א לֹ֖א תָּמֽוּת׃ | And the Lord said to him, “Peace be to you, do not be afraid, you shall not die.” | |
| Judg 6:24 | וַיִּבֶן֩ שָׁ֨ם גִּדְע֤וֹן מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָא־ל֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה שָׁל֑וֹם עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עוֹדֶ֕נּוּ בְּעָפְרָ֖ת אֲבִ֥י הָעֶזְרִֽי׃ פ | Then Gideon built an altar to the Lord there, and he called it Jehovah-Shalom, as it is up to this day, still there in Ophrah of the Abi-Ezrites. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
Jehovah-Shalom ← Yhvh-Shalom, or the Lord of peace. We retain the established name. |
| Judg 6:25 | וַיְהִי֮ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַהוּא֒ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה קַ֤ח אֶת־פַּר־הַשּׁוֹר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יךָ וּפַ֥ר הַשֵּׁנִ֖י שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וְהָרַסְתָּ֗ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַבַּ֙עַל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יךָ וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו תִּכְרֹֽת׃ | And it came to pass that night that the Lord said to him, “Take your father's bull of the oxen, and the second bull which is seven years old, and demolish the altar of Baal which your father has, and cut down the phallic park which goes with it. | |
| Judg 6:26 | וּבָנִ֨יתָ מִזְבֵּ֜חַ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ עַ֣ל רֹ֧אשׁ הַמָּע֛וֹז הַזֶּ֖ה בַּמַּֽעֲרָכָ֑ה וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֣ר הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְהַעֲלִ֣יתָ עוֹלָ֔ה בַּעֲצֵ֥י הָאֲשֵׁרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּכְרֹֽת׃ | And build an altar to the Lord your God on the top of this fortress at the pile of material, and take the second bull and make a burnt offering with the wood of the phallic park which you cut down.” | at the pile of material: [MJ] gives arrangement, order, especially a a pile of wood on the altar in the Temple. The context suggests expiating the idolatrous material, so perhaps the pile is of rubble. |
| Judg 6:27 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח גִּדְע֜וֹן עֲשָׂרָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ מֵֽעֲבָדָ֔יו וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלָ֖יו יְהוָ֑ה וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרֵא֩ אֶת־בֵּ֨ית אָבִ֜יו וְאֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִ֛יר מֵעֲשׂ֥וֹת יוֹמָ֖ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָֽיְלָה׃ | Then Gideon took ten men from his servants, and he did what the Lord had said to him, and it so happened that as he was afraid of the house of his father and the men of the city – of doing it by day – that he did it by night. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
of doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 6:28 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֜ימוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֤ה נֻתַּץ֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַבַּ֔עַל וְהָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֖יו כֹּרָ֑תָה וְאֵת֙ הַפָּ֣ר הַשֵּׁנִ֔י הֹֽעֲלָ֔ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ הַבָּנֽוּי׃ | Then when the men of the city got up early in the morning, what they saw was that the altar of Baal had been demolished, and the phallic park which went with it had been cut down, and the second bull had been offered as a burnt offering on the altar which had been built. | what they saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 6:29 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֥י עָשָׂ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַֽיִּדְרְשׁוּ֙ וַיְבַקְשׁ֔וּ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ גִּדְעוֹן֙ בֶּן־יוֹאָ֔שׁ עָשָׂ֖ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they said to each other, “Who has done this thing?” And they looked into it and inquired, and they said, “Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 6:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔שׁ הוֹצֵ֥א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֖ וְיָמֹ֑ת כִּ֤י נָתַץ֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח הַבַּ֔עַל וְכִ֥י כָרַ֖ת הָאֲשֵׁרָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלָֽיו׃ | And the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring your son out, and he will die, because he has demolished the altar of Baal and because he has cut down the phallic park which went with it.” | |
| Judg 6:31 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֡שׁ לְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָמְד֨וּ עָלָ֜יו הַאַתֶּ֣ם ׀ תְּרִיב֣וּן לַבַּ֗עַל אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תּוֹשִׁיע֣וּן אוֹת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥יב ל֛וֹ יוּמַ֖ת עַד־הַבֹּ֑קֶר אִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים הוּא֙ יָ֣רֶב ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נָתַ֖ץ אֶֽת־מִזְבְּחֽוֹ׃ | But Joash said to everyone who was standing against him, “Will you defend Baal? Or will you save him? Let him who would defend him be put to death while it is morning. If he is a god, let him defend himself, because someone has demolished his altar.” | while it is morning ← until / up to the morning. |
| Judg 6:32 | וַיִּקְרָא־ל֥וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא יְרֻבַּ֣עַל לֵאמֹ֑ר יָ֤רֶב בּוֹ֙ הַבַּ֔עַל כִּ֥י נָתַ֖ץ אֶֽת־מִזְבְּחֽוֹ׃ פ | And he called him Jerubbaal on that day, and he said, “Let Baal defend himself, because that man has demolished his altar.” | he called him: i.e. Joash called Gideon. See Judg 7:1. |
| Judg 6:33 | וְכָל־מִדְיָ֧ן וַעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | Then all the Midianites and Amalekites and the easterners gathered together, and they went across and encamped in the Valley of Jezreel. |
easterners ← sons of the east.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Judg 6:34 | וְר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לָבְשָׁ֖ה אֶת־גִּדְע֑וֹן וַיִּתְקַע֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיִזָּעֵ֥ק אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And the spirit of the Lord clothed Gideon, and he sounded the ramshorn, and Abiezer was called to assembly after him. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 6:35 | וּמַלְאָכִים֙ שָׁלַ֣ח בְּכָל־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה וַיִזָּעֵ֥ק גַּם־ה֖וּא אַחֲרָ֑יו וּמַלְאָכִ֣ים שָׁלַ֗ח בְּאָשֵׁ֤ר וּבִזְבֻלוּן֙ וּבְנַפְתָּלִ֔י וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ לִקְרָאתָֽם׃ | And he sent messengers throughout all the territory of Manasseh, and they too were called to assembly, following him. And he sent messengers to Asher and Zebulun and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them. | they ← he, i.e. the tribe. |
| Judg 6:36 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר גִּדְע֖וֹן אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־יֶשְׁךָ֞ מוֹשִׁ֧יעַ בְּיָדִ֛י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | Then Gideon said to God, “If you are about to save Israel through my intermediacy, as you have said, |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 6:37 | הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֗י מַצִּ֛יג אֶת־גִּזַּ֥ת הַצֶּ֖מֶר בַּגֹּ֑רֶן אִ֡ם טַל֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה עַֽל־הַגִּזָּ֜ה לְבַדָּ֗הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ חֹ֔רֶב וְיָדַעְתִּ֗י כִּֽי־תוֹשִׁ֧יעַ בְּיָדִ֛י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | here I am ready to put the fleece of wool on the threshing floor, to see whether there will be dew on the fleece only and dryness on all the ground, so that I know that it is through my intermediacy that you will save Israel, as you have said.” |
here I am ready to put ← behold me putting.
so that: purposive use of the vav. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Judg 6:38 | וַיְהִי־כֵ֕ן וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּ֖זַר אֶת־הַגִּזָּ֑ה וַיִּ֤מֶץ טַל֙ מִן־הַגִּזָּ֔ה מְל֥וֹא הַסֵּ֖פֶל מָֽיִם׃ | And it was so, and he rose early on the next day, and he wrung the fleece out and extracted dew from the fleece – a full bowl of water. | |
| Judg 6:39 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר גִּדְעוֹן֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אַל־יִ֤חַר אַפְּךָ֙ בִּ֔י וַאֲדַבְּרָ֖ה אַ֣ךְ הַפָּ֑עַם אֲנַסֶּ֤ה נָּא־רַק־הַפַּ֙עַם֙ בַּגִּזָּ֔ה יְהִי־נָ֨א חֹ֤רֶב אֶל־הַגִּזָּה֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יִֽהְיֶה־טָּֽל׃ | Then Gideon said to God, “Do not let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak just once. Please let me do the test just once with the fleece. Let the fleece only be dry, and let there be dew on all the ground.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ground ← land. |
| Judg 6:40 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֛ים כֵּ֖ן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיְהִי־חֹ֤רֶב אֶל־הַגִּזָּה֙ לְבַדָּ֔הּ וְעַל־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ הָ֥יָה טָֽל׃ פ | And God did so on that night, and there was dryness for the fleece only, and on all the ground there was dew. | ground ← land. |
| Judg 7:1 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יְרֻבַּ֜עַל ה֣וּא גִדְע֗וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עַל־עֵ֣ין חֲרֹ֑ד וּמַחֲנֵ֤ה מִדְיָן֙ הָיָה־ל֣וֹ מִצָּפ֔וֹן מִגִּבְעַ֥ת הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה בָּעֵֽמֶק׃ | Then Jerubbaal – that is Gideon – and all the people who were with him arose early and encamped at the source of Harod, while Midian had his camp to the north, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן רַ֗ב הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדָ֑ם פֶּן־יִתְפָּאֵ֨ר עָלַ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָדִ֖י הוֹשִׁ֥יעָה לִּֽי׃ | And the Lord said to Gideon, “The people who are with you are too many for me to deliver Midian into their hands, in case Israel vaunt themselves against me, and they say, ‘My own ability saved me.’ |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
ability ← hand. |
| Judg 7:3 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ ס | So now, please proclaim in the audience of the people and say, ‘Whoever is fearful or trembling should return and go back quickly from Mount Gilead.’ ” And twenty-two thousand of the people returned, but ten thousand remained. |
audience ← ears.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 7:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן עוֹד֮ הָעָ֣ם רָב֒ הוֹרֵ֤ד אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑ם וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ זֶ֣ה ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֜ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ זֶ֚ה לֹא־יֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔ךְ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵלֵֽךְ׃ | And the Lord said to Gideon, “The people are still too many. Bring them down to the water, and I will filter them out for you there. And it will be the case that of whomever I say to you, ‘This man will go with you’, he will go with you, and everyone of whom I say to you, ‘This man will not go with you’, he will not go.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
filter them out ← refine it, i.e. the people, collectively. |
| Judg 7:5 | וַיּ֥וֹרֶד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־הַמָּ֑יִם ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יָלֹק֩ בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ מִן־הַמַּ֜יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר יָלֹ֣ק הַכֶּ֗לֶב תַּצִּ֤יג אוֹתוֹ֙ לְבָ֔ד וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֖יו לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | So he led the people down to the water, and the Lord said to Gideon, “Everyone who laps the water with his tongue as a dog laps, set him aside, and also everyone who kneels down to drink.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
aside ← alone. |
| Judg 7:6 | וַיְהִ֗י מִסְפַּ֞ר הַֽמֲלַקְקִ֤ים בְּיָדָם֙ אֶל־פִּיהֶ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וְכֹל֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם כָּרְע֥וּ עַל־בִּרְכֵיהֶ֖ם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מָֽיִם׃ ס | And the number of those who lapped with their hands to their mouth was three hundred men, and all the rest of the people knelt down to drink the water. | |
| Judg 7:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן בִּשְׁלֹשׁ֩ מֵא֨וֹת הָאִ֤ישׁ הַֽמֲלַקְקִים֙ אוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם יֵלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then the Lord said to Gideon, “I will save you by the three hundred men who lapped, and I will deliver Midian into your hand. So let all the people go to their own place.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:8 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־צֵדָה֩ הָעָ֨ם בְּיָדָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת שׁוֹפְרֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלַּח֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹֽהָלָ֔יו וּבִשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ הֶֽחֱזִ֑יק וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ מִתַּ֥חַת בָּעֵֽמֶק׃ פ | So the people took provisions in their hand, with their ramshorns, and he sent every man of Israel away to his tent, but he kept hold of the three hundred men. Now Midian had his camp below in the valley. | his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by every. |
| Judg 7:9 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה ק֖וּם רֵ֣ד בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כִּ֥י נְתַתִּ֖יו בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And it came to pass that night that the Lord said to him, “Get up and go down to the camp, for I have delivered it into your hand. | |
| Judg 7:10 | וְאִם־יָרֵ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לָרֶ֑דֶת רֵ֥ד אַתָּ֛ה וּפֻרָ֥ה נַעַרְךָ֖ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | But if you are afraid to go down, you and Purah your servant-boy go down to the camp, | Purah: AV= Phurah, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Judg 7:11 | וְשָֽׁמַעְתָּ֙ מַה־יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ וְאַחַר֙ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדֶ֔יךָ וְיָרַדְתָּ֖ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֵּ֤רֶד הוּא֙ וּפֻרָ֣ה נַעֲר֔וֹ אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַחֲמֻשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | and you will hear what they are saying, and afterwards your hands will be strengthened, and you will go down to the camp.” So he and Purah his servant-boy went down to the edge of the armed men who were in the camp. | Purah: see Judg 7:10. |
| Judg 7:12 | וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃ | And Midian and Amalek and all the easterners were lying in the valley, like locusts in multitude, and their camels were countless, like the sand which is on the sea-shore in abundance. | |
| Judg 7:13 | וַיָּבֹ֣א גִדְע֔וֹן וְהִ֨נֵּה־אִ֔ישׁ מְסַפֵּ֥ר לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ חֲל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֵּ֧ה חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֗מְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה *צלול **צְלִ֜יל לֶ֤חֶם שְׂעֹרִים֙ מִתְהַפֵּךְ֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־הָ֠אֹהֶל וַיַּכֵּ֧הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֛ל וַיַּהַפְכֵ֥הוּ לְמַ֖עְלָה וְנָפַ֥ל הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | Then Gideon came, and what he heard was a man telling his colleague a dream, and he said, “Look, I have had a dream, and what I saw was a loaf of barley bread tumbling into Midian's camp, and it came up to the tent and struck it, and it fell down, and it turned it upside down, so the tent fell down.” |
loaf: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. what he heard was ← behold. look ← behold. what I saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 7:14 | וַיַּ֨עַן רֵעֵ֤הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ין זֹ֔את בִּלְתִּ֗י אִם־חֶ֛רֶב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נָתַ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ | And his colleague answered and said, “This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel. God has delivered Midian and all his camp into his hand.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:15 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ גִּדְע֜וֹן אֶת־מִסְפַּ֧ר הַחֲל֛וֹם וְאֶת־שִׁבְר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ק֔וּמוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה בְּיֶדְכֶ֖ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִדְיָֽן׃ | And it came to pass, when Gideon heard the account of the dream, and its interpretation, that he worshipped and went back to Israel's camp and said, “Arise, for the Lord has delivered Midian's camp into your hand.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:16 | וַיַּ֛חַץ אֶת־שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֑ים וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שׁוֹפָר֤וֹת בְּיַד־כֻּלָּם֙ וְכַדִּ֣ים רֵקִ֔ים וְלַפִּדִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הַכַּדִּֽים׃ | Then he divided the three hundred men into three contingents, and he put ramshorns in each one's hand, and empty jars, with lamps inside the jars, |
contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx].
each ← every. |
| Judg 7:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִמֶּ֥נִּי תִרְא֖וּ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֥י בָא֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה כַאֲשֶׁר־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה כֵּ֥ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃ | and he said to them, “Look at me and act accordingly, and when I come to the edge of the camp, whatever I do, so you do. |
at me ← from me. Idiomatic.
when ← behold. whatever ← it shall be (the case that) whatever. |
| Judg 7:18 | וְתָקַעְתִּי֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר אָנֹכִ֖י וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֑י וּתְקַעְתֶּ֨ם בַּשּׁוֹפָר֜וֹת גַּם־אַתֶּ֗ם סְבִיבוֹת֙ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃ פ | When I sound the ramshorn – I and everyone who is with me – then you also sound the ramshorns yourselves, all around the camp, and say, ‘For the Lord and for Gideon.’ ” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:19 | וַיָּבֹ֣א גִ֠דְעוֹן וּמֵאָה־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֜וֹ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה רֹ֚אשׁ הָאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַתִּֽיכוֹנָ֔ה אַ֛ךְ הָקֵ֥ם הֵקִ֖ימוּ אֶת־הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁ֣וֹפָר֔וֹת וְנָפ֥וֹץ הַכַּדִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיָדָֽם׃ | Then Gideon and the one hundred men who were with him came to the edge of the camp at the start of the middle night-watch – they had only just put the watchmen on duty – and they sounded the ramshorns and broke the jars which were in their hands. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
just put ... on duty: infinitive absolute. broke: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Judg 7:20 | וַֽ֠יִּתְקְעוּ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָרָאשִׁ֥ים בַּשּֽׁוֹפָרוֹת֮ וַיִּשְׁבְּר֣וּ הַכַּדִּים֒ וַיַּחֲזִ֤יקוּ בְיַד־שְׂמאוֹלָם֙ בַּלַּפִּדִ֔ים וּבְיַ֨ד־יְמִינָ֔ם הַשּׁוֹפָר֖וֹת לִתְק֑וֹעַ וַֽיִּקְרְא֔וּ חֶ֥רֶב לַֽיהוָ֖ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃ | So the three contingents sounded the ramshorns and broke the jars, and they held the lamps in their left hand and the ramshorns to sound in their right hand, and they shouted, “A sword for the Lord and for Gideon.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 7:21 | וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ תַּחְתָּ֔יו סָבִ֖יב לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֧רָץ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה וַיָּרִ֖יעוּ *ויניסו **וַיָּנֽוּסוּ׃ | And each man stood on the spot round about the camp, but all the camp itself ran shouting out and {Q: fled} [K: they put each other to flight]. | on the spot ← under him. |
| Judg 7:22 | וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֮ שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפָרוֹת֒ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת חֶ֥רֶב אִ֛ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ וּבְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֨נָס הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה עַד־בֵּ֤ית הַשִּׁטָּה֙ צְֽרֵרָ֔תָה עַ֛ד שְׂפַת־אָבֵ֥ל מְחוֹלָ֖ה עַל־טַבָּֽת׃ | And the three hundred men sounded their ramshorns, and the Lord set every man's sword against his colleague, and this throughout the camp, and the camp fled to Beth-Shittah of Zererah, to the border of Abel-Meholah, as far as Tabbath. |
throughout ← in all.
Zererah: AV= Zererath. We take the form as locative. |
| Judg 7:23 | וַיִּצָּעֵ֧ק אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִנַּפְתָּלִ֥י וּמִן־אָשֵׁ֖ר וּמִן־כָּל־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | Then the men of Israel and Naphtali and Asher and all of Manasseh were drawn together, and they pursued Midian. | drawn together ← called together. |
| Judg 7:24 | וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Then Gideon sent messengers throughout Mount Ephraim, who said, “Go down against Midian, and capture their water-rich area as far as Beth-Barah and the Jordan.” Then every man of Ephraim was drawn together, and they captured the water-rich area as far as Beth-Barah and the Jordan. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
throughout ← in all. drawn together ← called together. |
| Judg 7:25 | וַֽיִּלְכְּד֡וּ שְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֗ב וַיַּהַרְג֨וּ אֶת־עוֹרֵ֤ב בְּצוּר־עוֹרֵב֙ וְאֶת־זְאֵב֙ הָרְג֣וּ בְיֶֽקֶב־זְאֵ֔ב וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אֶל־מִדְיָ֑ן וְרֹאשׁ־עֹרֵ֣ב וּזְאֵ֔ב הֵבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And they captured two of Midian's commanders, Oreb and Zeeb, and they killed Oreb on the rock of Oreb, and they killed Zeeb in the wine vat of Zeeb, and they pursued Midian, and they brought the head of Oreb and of Zeeb to Gideon across the Jordan. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:1 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֗יִם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְבִלְתִּי֙ קְרֹ֣אות לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בְּמִדְיָ֑ן וַיְרִיב֥וּן אִתּ֖וֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃ | And the men of Ephraim said to him, “What is this thing you have done to us in not calling us, because you went to fight against Midian.” And they argued with him vehemently. | in not calling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 8:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מֶה־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עַתָּ֖ה כָּכֶ֑ם הֲל֗וֹא ט֛וֹב עֹלְל֥וֹת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מִבְצִ֥יר אֲבִיעֶֽזֶר׃ | And he said to them, “What have I done now compared to you? Are not the gleanings of Ephraim better than the whole wine crop of Abiezer? |
compared to ← like, as.
Abiezer: standing for the half-tribe of Manasseh. See Josh 7:3, Judg 6:11. Gideon is appeasing the Ephraimites. |
| Judg 8:3 | בְּיֶדְכֶם֩ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י מִדְיָן֙ אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֔ב וּמַה־יָּכֹ֖לְתִּי עֲשׂ֣וֹת כָּכֶ֑ם אָ֗ז רָפְתָ֤ה רוּחָם֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | God delivered Midian's commanders into your hands – Oreb and Zeeb – and what was I able to do compared to you?” Then their temper against him subsided, when he said these words. |
compared to ← like, as.
their temper against him subsided ← their spirit desisted from against him. these words ← this word. Collective usage. |
| Judg 8:4 | וַיָּבֹ֥א גִדְע֖וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֑נָה עֹבֵ֣ר ה֗וּא וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ עֲיֵפִ֖ים וְרֹדְפִֽים׃ | Then Gideon came to the Jordan. He and the three hundred men who were with him crossed over, weary but pursuing. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Judg 8:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְאַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת תְּנוּ־נָא֙ כִּכְּר֣וֹת לֶ֔חֶם לָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרַגְלָ֑י כִּי־עֲיֵפִ֣ים הֵ֔ם וְאָנֹכִ֗י רֹדֵ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֛י זֶ֥בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֖ע מַלְכֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃ | And he said to the men of Succoth, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who are following in my footsteps, for they are weary, and I am pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.” | |
| Judg 8:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שָׂרֵ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת הֲ֠כַף זֶ֧בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֛ע עַתָּ֖ה בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־נִתֵּ֥ן לִֽצְבָאֲךָ֖ לָֽחֶם׃ | But the commanders of Succoth said, “Are the palms of the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hands, so that we should give your army bread?” | |
| Judg 8:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֔וֹן לָכֵ֗ן בְּתֵ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֖ע בְּיָדִ֑י וְדַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם אֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִֽים׃ | Then Gideon said, “That presumption is why, when the Lord delivers Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, I will thrash your flesh with the desert thorn bushes and with the briars.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
thrash ← thresh. briars: [AnLx]= threshing sledges. |
| Judg 8:8 | וַיַּ֤עַל מִשָּׁם֙ פְּנוּאֵ֔ל וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כָּזֹ֑את וַיַּעֲנ֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י פְנוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָנ֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃ | Then he went up from there to Penuel and spoke similarly to them, and the men of Penuel answered him in the same way as the men of Succoth answered. | |
| Judg 8:9 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־לְאַנְשֵׁ֥י פְנוּאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בְּשׁוּבִ֣י בְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶתֹּ֖ץ אֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֥ל הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And he also spoke to the men of Penuel and said, “When I return in peace, I will demolish this tower.” | |
| Judg 8:10 | וְזֶ֨בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֜ע בַּקַּרְקֹ֗ר וּמַחֲנֵיהֶ֤ם עִמָּם֙ כַּחֲמֵ֤שֶׁת עָשָׂר֙ אֶ֔לֶף כֹּ֚ל הַנּ֣וֹתָרִ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל מַחֲנֵ֣ה בְנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וְהַנֹּ֣פְלִ֔ים מֵאָ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃ | Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their camps were with them – about fifteen thousand men – all those who remained from the whole camp of the easterners. And those who fell were one hundred and twenty thousand men who drew the sword. | |
| Judg 8:11 | וַיַּ֣עַל גִּדְע֗וֹן דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַשְּׁכוּנֵ֣י בָֽאֳהָלִ֔ים מִקֶּ֥דֶם לְנֹ֖בַח וְיָגְבֳּהָ֑ה וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הָ֥יָה בֶֽטַח׃ | And Gideon went up the road to the tent-dwellers to the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and he attacked the camp, although the camp was secure. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
Jogbehah ← Jogbohah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. although: concessive use of the vav. |
| Judg 8:12 | וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ זֶ֚בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הֶחֱרִֽיד׃ | And Zebah and Zalmunna fled, and he pursued them, and he captured the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and he routed the whole camp. | routed ← made fear, but also, with [BDB], routed. |
| Judg 8:13 | וַיָּ֛שָׁב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה מִֽלְמַעֲלֵ֖ה הֶחָֽרֶס׃ | Then Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle before sunrise. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:14 | וַיִּלְכָּד־נַ֛עַר מֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּ֖וֹת וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֑הוּ וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב אֵלָ֜יו אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י סֻכּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־זְקֵנֶ֔יהָ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה אִֽישׁ׃ | And he took a boy-servant of the men of Succoth, and he questioned him, and the boy described the chief men of Succoth to him, and its elders – seventy-seven men. | the boy ← he. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Judg 8:15 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר֩ חֵרַפְתֶּ֨ם אוֹתִ֜י לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲ֠כַף זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֤ע עַתָּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י נִתֵּ֛ן לַאֲנָשֶׁ֥יךָ הַיְּעֵפִ֖ים לָֽחֶם׃ | Then Gideon went to the men of Succoth, and he said, “Here are Zebah and Zalmunna, about whom you reproached me and said, ‘Are the palms of the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hands, so that we should give your weary men bread?’ ” |
Gideon ← he. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. On Gideon, see Num 1:11.
here are ← behold. |
| Judg 8:16 | וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣דַע בָּהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃ | And he took the elders of the city, and the desert thorn bushes, and the briars, with which he gave the men of Succoth a lesson. |
briars: see Judg 8:7.
with which ← and with them. |
| Judg 8:17 | וְאֶת־מִגְדַּ֥ל פְּנוּאֵ֖ל נָתָ֑ץ וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִֽיר׃ | And he demolished the tower of Penuel, and he killed the men of the city. | |
| Judg 8:18 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶל־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶל־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע אֵיפֹה֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲרַגְתֶּ֖ם בְּתָב֑וֹר וַֽיֹּאמרוּ֙ כָּמ֣וֹךָ כְמוֹהֶ֔ם אֶחָ֕ד כְּתֹ֖אַר בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men were they that you killed at Tabor?” And they answered, “As you are, so were they. Each one had the appearance of the king's sons.” | |
| Judg 8:19 | וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אַחַ֥י בְּנֵֽי־אִמִּ֖י הֵ֑ם חַי־יְהוָ֗ה ל֚וּ הַחֲיִתֶ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הָרַ֖גְתִּי אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Then he said, “They were my brothers – my mother's sons. As the Lord lives, if you had let them live, I would not kill you.” | |
| Judg 8:20 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃ | And he said to Jether his firstborn, “Arise and kill them.” But the lad did not draw his sword, for he was afraid, for he was still only a lad. | |
| Judg 8:21 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע ק֤וּם אַתָּה֙ וּפְגַע־בָּ֔נוּ כִּ֥י כָאִ֖ישׁ גְּבוּרָת֑וֹ וַיָּ֣קָם גִּדְע֗וֹן וַֽיַּהֲרֹג֙ אֶת־זֶ֣בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הַשַּׂ֣הֲרֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃ | Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “You arise and fall on us. For as a man is, so is his valour.” Then Gideon arose and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and he took the crescent ornaments which were on the camels' necks. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:22 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מְשָׁל־בָּ֙נוּ֙ גַּם־אַתָּ֔ה גַּם־בִּנְךָ֖ גַּ֣ם בֶּן־בְּנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י הוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖נוּ מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃ | And the men of Israel said to Gideon, “You rule over us – in turn you and your son and your grandson – for you have saved us from the hand of Midian.” |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
in turn ← also ... also ... also, but the semantic scope is wider. |
| Judg 8:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ גִּדְע֔וֹן לֹֽא־אֶמְשֹׁ֤ל אֲנִי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בְּנִ֖י בָּכֶ֑ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶֽם׃ | But Gideon said to them, “I shall not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. The Lord will rule over you.” | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם גִּדְע֗וֹן אֶשְׁאֲלָ֤ה מִכֶּם֙ שְׁאֵלָ֔ה וּתְנוּ־לִ֕י אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֣זֶם שְׁלָל֑וֹ כִּֽי־נִזְמֵ֤י זָהָב֙ לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים הֵֽם׃ | And Gideon said to them, “Let me ask you a request. Give me every man's earring which he has as his spoil.” For they had golden earrings, for the Midianites were Ishmaelites. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
earring ... earrings: perhaps, noserings. See Gen 24:47. the Midianites ← they. Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25. |
| Judg 8:25 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נָת֣וֹן נִתֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִ֣יכוּ שָׁ֔מָּה אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥זֶם שְׁלָלֽוֹ׃ | And they said, “We will certainly give them.” And they spread out a garment, and each man cast there his earring which he had as his spoil. |
we will certainly give: infinitive absolute.
a garment ← the garment. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 8:26 | וַיְהִ֗י מִשְׁקַ֞ל נִזְמֵ֤י הַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶ֥לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֖וֹת זָהָ֑ב לְ֠בַד מִן־הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִ֨ים וְהַנְּטִפ֜וֹת וּבִגְדֵ֣י הָאַרְגָּמָ֗ן שֶׁעַל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֔ן וּלְבַד֙ מִן־הָ֣עֲנָק֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃ | And the weight of the golden earrings which he requested was one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold, apart from the crescent ornaments and the pendants and the purple clothes which were on the kings of Midian, and apart from the necklaces which were on the camels' necks. | |
| Judg 8:27 | וַיַּעַשׂ֩ אוֹת֨וֹ גִדְע֜וֹן לְאֵפ֗וֹד וַיַּצֵּ֨ג אוֹת֤וֹ בְעִירוֹ֙ בְּעָפְרָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֧וּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אַחֲרָ֖יו שָׁ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י לְגִדְע֥וֹן וּלְבֵית֖וֹ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ | And Gideon made these things into an ephod, and he put it in his city, in Ophrah, and the whole of Israel went whoring after it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and his household. |
Gideon (2x): see Num 1:11.
these things ← it. |
| Judg 8:28 | וַיִּכָּנַ֣ע מִדְיָ֗ן לִפְנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א יָסְפ֖וּ לָשֵׂ֣את רֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֛רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בִּימֵ֥י גִדְעֽוֹן׃ פ | So Midian was subdued before the sons of Israel, and they did not assert themselves any more, and the land was quiet for forty years in the days of Gideon. |
assert themselves ← raise their head.
Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:29 | וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ יְרֻבַּ֥עַל בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | Then Jerubbaal the son of Joash departed, and he dwelt in his house. | Jerubbaal: i.e. Gideon. See Judg 6:32, Judg 7:1. |
| Judg 8:30 | וּלְגִדְע֗וֹן הָיוּ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים בָּנִ֔ים יֹצְאֵ֖י יְרֵכ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נָשִׁ֥ים רַבּ֖וֹת הָ֥יוּ לֽוֹ׃ | And Gideon had seventy sons – those who came from his thighs – for he had many wives. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:31 | וּפִֽילַגְשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁכֶ֔ם יָֽלְדָה־לּ֥וֹ גַם־הִ֖יא בֵּ֑ן וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And his concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he gave him the name Abimelech. | |
| Judg 8:32 | וַיָּ֛מָת גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה טוֹבָ֑ה וַיִּקָּבֵ֗ר בְּקֶ֙בֶר֙ יוֹאָ֣שׁ אָבִ֔יו בְּעָפְרָ֖ה אֲבִ֥י הָֽעֶזְרִֽי׃ פ | And Gideon the son of Joash died at a good old age, and he was buried in the grave of Joash his father, the Abi-Ezrite, in Ophrah. |
Gideon: see Num 1:11.
old age ← grey hair. Joash ... Abi-Ezrite: AV differs, linking Abi-Ezrite to Ophrah, but the singular noun and Judg 6:11 support linking with Joash. |
| Judg 8:33 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת גִּדְע֔וֹן וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּזְנ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַבְּעָלִ֑ים וַיָּשִׂ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בַּ֥עַל בְּרִ֖ית לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And it came to pass, when Gideon died, that the sons of Israel went whoring after the Baalim again, and they made Baal-Berith their god. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 8:34 | וְלֹ֤א זָֽכְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הַמַּצִּ֥יל אוֹתָ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | And the sons of Israel did not remember the Lord their God, who saved them from the hand of all their enemies round about. | |
| Judg 8:35 | וְלֹֽא־עָשׂ֣וּ חֶ֔סֶד עִם־בֵּ֥ית יְרֻבַּ֖עַל גִּדְע֑וֹן כְּכָל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Nor did they deal kindly with the house of Jerubbaal – Gideon – for all the good which he did with Israel. | Gideon: see Num 1:11. |
| Judg 9:1 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבַּ֙עַל֙ שְׁכֶ֔מָה אֶל־אֲחֵ֖י אִמּ֑וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶל־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּ֛חַת בֵּית־אֲבִ֥י אִמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem, to his mother's brothers, and he spoke to them and to the whole family of his mother's father's house, and he said, | |
| Judg 9:2 | דַּבְּרוּ־נָ֞א בְּאָזְנֵ֨י כָל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶם֮ מַה־טּ֣וֹב לָכֶם֒ הַמְשֹׁ֨ל בָּכֶ֜ם שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ כֹּ֚ל בְּנֵ֣י יְרֻבַּ֔עַל אִם־מְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וּזְכַרְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־עַצְמֵכֶ֥ם וּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖ם אָנִֽי׃ | “Please speak in the audience of all the lords of Shechem, and say, ‘What is better for you: seventy men to rule over you – all of Jerubbaal's sons – or for one man to rule over you? And remember that I am your bone and your flesh.’ ” |
audience ← ears.
your bone and your flesh: in the English idiom, your flesh and blood. |
| Judg 9:3 | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲחֵֽי־אִמּ֜וֹ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָזְנֵי֙ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּ֤ט לִבָּם֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ אָחִ֥ינוּ הֽוּא׃ | So his mother's brothers spoke concerning him all these words in the audience of all the lords of Shechem, and their heart inclined towards Abimelech, for they said, “He is our brother.” | audience ← ears. |
| Judg 9:4 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף מִבֵּ֖יתּ בַ֣עַל בְּרִ֑ית וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר בָּהֶ֜ם אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים רֵיקִים֙ וּפֹ֣חֲזִ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the house of Baal-Berith, with which Abimelech hired some idle and reckless men, and they followed him. | |
| Judg 9:5 | וַיָּבֹ֤א בֵית־אָבִיו֙ עָפְרָ֔תָה וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֞ג אֶת־אֶחָ֧יו בְּנֵֽי־יְרֻבַּ֛עַל שִׁבְּעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל־אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֞ר יוֹתָ֧ם בֶּן־יְרֻבַּ֛עַל הַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּ֥י נֶחְבָּֽא׃ ס | And he went to his father's house, to Ophrah, and he killed his brothers – the sons of Jerubbaal, seventy men – on one stone, but Jotham, Jerubbaal's youngest son, was left remaining, because he hid himself. |
brothers: standing for half-brothers, having Gideon as their father.
hid himself: or was hidden, but niphal can be reflexive, and [AnLx] gives conceal oneself. |
| Judg 9:6 | וַיֵּאָ֨סְפ֜וּ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ לְמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם־אֵל֥וֹן מֻצָּ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And all the lords of Shechem, and the whole house of Millo gathered together, and they departed and made Abimelech king by the oak which had been set up in Shechem. |
by ← with.
oak ... set up: AV differs somewhat (plain of the pillar). Compare Judg 9:37. |
| Judg 9:7 | וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְיוֹתָ֗ם וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַר־גְּרִזִ֔ים וַיִּשָּׂ֥א קוֹל֖וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וְיִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And it was reported to Jotham, and he departed and stood on the summit of Mount Gerizim, and he raised his voice and called out and said to them, “Listen to me, you lords of Shechem, so that God may listen to you. |
it was reported ← they reported. Avoidance of the passive. Those reporting would not be the people in the previous verse, which is what would be suggested by the active in English (And they reported ...).
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 9:8 | הָל֤וֹךְ הָֽלְכוּ֙ הָעֵצִ֔ים לִמְשֹׁ֥חַ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לַזַּ֖יִת *מלוכה **מָלְכָ֥ה עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | The trees went purposefully to anoint a king over them, and they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ |
reign: the ketiv and qeré are similar forms of the same verb, with the same meaning.
went purposefully: infinitive absolute. Alternatively, the infinitive absolute is a formula for introducing the parable: Once upon a time the trees went .... |
| Judg 9:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַזַּ֔יִת הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־דִּשְׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־בִּ֛י יְכַבְּד֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the olive tree said to them, ‘Should I give up my fatness, by which through me they honour God and men, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: perhaps by coincidence, both the Hebrew and our English use a word meaning swing about and, [Ges-HCL], rule over. |
| Judg 9:10 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַתְּאֵנָ֑ה לְכִי־אַ֖תְּ מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the trees said to the fig tree, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | |
| Judg 9:11 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַתְּאֵנָ֔ה הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־מָתְקִ֔י וְאֶת־תְּנוּבָתִ֖י הַטּוֹבָ֑ה וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the fig tree said to them, ‘Should I give up my sweetness and my good produce, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: see Judg 9:9. |
| Judg 9:12 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַגָּ֑פֶן לְכִי־אַ֖תְּ *מלוכי **מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the trees said to the vine, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | reign: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Judg 9:13 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַגֶּ֔פֶן הֶחֳדַ֙לְתִּי֙ אֶת־תִּ֣ירוֹשִׁ֔י הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | But the vine said to them, ‘Should I give up my new wine which cheers up God and men, and should I go to hold sway over the trees?’ | hold sway: see Judg 9:9. |
| Judg 9:14 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ כָל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֶל־הָאָטָ֑ד לֵ֥ךְ אַתָּ֖ה מְלָךְ־עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then all the trees said to the blackthorn, ‘You come and reign over us.’ | |
| Judg 9:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָאָטָד֮ אֶל־הָעֵצִים֒ אִ֡ם בֶּאֱמֶ֣ת אַתֶּם֩ מֹשְׁחִ֨ים אֹתִ֤י לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בֹּ֖אוּ חֲס֣וּ בְצִלִּ֑י וְאִם־אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הָ֣אָטָ֔ד וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת־אַרְזֵ֥י הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ | And the blackthorn said to the trees, ‘If you truly anoint me as king over you, come and put your trust in my shadow; and if you do not, let fire come out of the blackthorn and devour the cedars of Lebanon.’ | |
| Judg 9:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֤ת וּבְתָמִים֙ עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם וַתַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וְאִם־טוֹבָ֤ה עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ עִם־יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאִם־כִּגְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו עֲשִׂ֥יתֶם לֽוֹ׃ | So now, if you acted truthfully and with integrity when you made Abimelech king, and if you acted correctly with Jerubbaal and with his house, and if you dealt with him according to his just deserts, | his just deserts ← the recompense of his hands. |
| Judg 9:17 | אֲשֶׁר־נִלְחַ֥ם אָבִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃ | in that my father fought for you, and he put his life in jeopardy and saved you from Midian's grip |
life ← soul.
in jeopardy ← at the front. grip ← hand. |
| Judg 9:18 | וְאַתֶּ֞ם קַמְתֶּ֨ם עַל־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וַתַּהַרְג֧וּ אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל־אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַתַּמְלִ֜יכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲמָתוֹ֙ עַל־בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֲחִיכֶ֖ם הֽוּא׃ | (and you have risen up against the house of my father today, and you have killed his sons – seventy men – on one stone, and you have made Abimelech, his maid's son, king over the lords of Shechem, because he is your brother), | |
| Judg 9:19 | וְאִם־בֶּאֱמֶ֨ת וּבְתָמִ֧ים עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־יְרֻבַּ֥עַל וְעִם־בֵּית֖וֹ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְיִשְׂמַ֥ח גַּם־ה֖וּא בָּכֶֽם׃ | so if you have dealt truthfully and with integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, rejoice in Abimelech and let him also rejoice in you. | |
| Judg 9:20 | וְאִם־אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מֵאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְתֹאכַ֛ל אֶת־בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֑וֹא וְתֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִבַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וּמִבֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech and consume the lords of Shechem and the house of Millo, and let fire come from the lords of Shechem and the house of Millo and consume Abimelech.” | |
| Judg 9:21 | וַיָּ֣נָס יוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בְּאֵ֑רָה וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י אֲבִימֶ֥לֶךְ אָחִֽיו׃ פ | Then Jotham fled and bolted, and he went to Beer, and he lived there because of Abimelech his brother. | |
| Judg 9:22 | וַיָּ֧שַׂר אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שָׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | And Abimelech was prince over Israel for three years. | |
| Judg 9:23 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֱלֹהִים֙ ר֣וּחַ רָעָ֔ה בֵּ֣ין אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וּבֵ֖ין בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ בַעֲלֵי־שְׁכֶ֖ם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | Then God sent an untoward spirit between Abimelech and the lords of Shechem, and the lords of Shechem acted treacherously against Abimelech, | |
| Judg 9:24 | לָב֕וֹא חֲמַ֖ס שִׁבְעִ֣ים בְּנֵֽי־יְרֻבָּ֑עַל וְדָמָ֗ם לָשׂ֞וּם עַל־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ אֲחִיהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָרַ֣ג אוֹתָ֔ם וְעַל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־חִזְּק֥וּ אֶת־יָדָ֖יו לַהֲרֹ֥ג אֶת־אֶחָֽיו׃ | so that the violence against the seventy sons of Jerubbaal should come to a head, and to lay their blood on Abimelech their brother, because he killed them, and on the lords of Shechem, because they abetted him in killing his brothers. |
abetted him ← strengthened his hands.
in killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:25 | וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לוֹ֩ בַעֲלֵ֨י שְׁכֶ֜ם מְאָרְבִ֗ים עַ֚ל רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֔ים וַיִּגְזְל֗וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲבֹ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And the lords of Shechem set up men in ambush against him on the summits of the mountains, and they robbed everyone who came across them on the road, and it was reported to Abimelech. | |
| Judg 9:26 | וַיָּבֹ֞א גַּ֤עַל בֶּן־עֶ֙בֶד֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ בִּשְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְטְחוּ־ב֖וֹ בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶֽם׃ | Then Gaal the son of Ebed and his brothers came and crossed over to Shechem, and the lords of Shechem put their trust in him. | |
| Judg 9:27 | וַיֵּצְא֨וּ הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה וַֽיִּבְצְר֤וּ אֶת־כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙ וַֽיִּדְרְכ֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ הִלּוּלִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אֱֽלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַֽיְקַלְל֖וּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And they went out into the fields and harvested their vineyards and trod the grapes, and they held thanksgiving celebrations, and they went to the house of their god, and they ate and drank, and they cursed Abimelech. | fields ← field, but also countryside, fields. |
| Judg 9:28 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֗בֶד מִֽי־אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ וּמִֽי־שְׁכֶם֙ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ הֲלֹ֥א בֶן־יְרֻבַּ֖עַל וּזְבֻ֣ל פְּקִיד֑וֹ עִבְד֗וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י חֲמוֹר֙ אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וּמַדּ֖וּעַ נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | And Gaal the son of Ebed said, “Who is Abimelech and who is Shechem that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal? And is not Zebul his officer? Serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem. So why should we serve this one? | this one ← him. |
| Judg 9:29 | וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדִ֔י וְאָסִ֖ירָה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ רַבֶּ֥ה צְבָאֲךָ֖ וָצֵֽאָה׃ | And if only this people was in my power! Then I would remove Abimelech.” And he said to Abimelech, “Increase your army and come out!” |
if only ← who will give?
And he said to Abimelech: perhaps said ironically as if calling from a distance, knowing that he will not actually be heard. |
| Judg 9:30 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע זְבֻל֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עָ֑בֶד וַיִּ֖חַר אַפּֽוֹ׃ | And when Zebul the chief officer of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled. | |
| Judg 9:31 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בְּתָרְמָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּה֩ גַ֨עַל בֶּן־עֶ֤בֶד וְאֶחָיו֙ בָּאִ֣ים שְׁכֶ֔מָה וְהִנָּ֛ם צָרִ֥ים אֶת־הָעִ֖יר עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | And he sent messengers to Abimelech clandestinely and said, “Look, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brothers are coming to Shechem, and what they are doing is stirring up the city against you. |
clandestinely: rather than craftily, because the craft is against Gaal.
look ← behold. what they are doing is ← behold them. |
| Judg 9:32 | וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם לַ֔יְלָה אַתָּ֖ה וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתָּ֑ךְ וֶאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | So now, arise by night, you and the people who are with you, and set an ambush in the countryside. | |
| Judg 9:33 | וְהָיָ֤ה בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ תַּשְׁכִּ֖ים וּפָשַׁטְתָּ֣ עַל־הָעִ֑יר וְהִנֵּה־ה֞וּא וְהָעָ֤ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֙ יֹצְאִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֥א יָדֶֽךָ׃ ס | So what you should do is, in the morning, when the sun rises, get up early and invade the city, and when he and the people with him come out against you, do to him whatever is fitting.” |
so what you should do is ← and it will be. Idiomatic.
when ← behold. he ... him: i.e. Gaal. whatever is fitting ← as your hand finds. |
| Judg 9:34 | וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֖וֹ לָ֑יְלָה וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּ עַל־שְׁכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה רָאשִֽׁים׃ | So Abimelech and all the people who were with him arose at night and lay in ambush against Shechem, in four contingents. | contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx]. |
| Judg 9:35 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן־עֶ֔בֶד וַיַּעֲמֹ֕ד פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְהָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ מִן־הַמַּאְרָֽב׃ | Then when Gaal the son of Ebed came out and stood at the entrance of the gate of the city, Abimelech and the people with him arose from the ambush. | |
| Judg 9:36 | וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה־עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ ס | And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, “Look, a people is coming down from the summits of the mountains.” But Zebul said to him, “You are mistaking the shadow of the mountain for men.” | mistaking ← seeing. |
| Judg 9:37 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֣וֹד גַּעַל֮ לְדַבֵּר֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־עָם֙ יֽוֹרְדִ֔ים מֵעִ֖ם טַבּ֣וּר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹאשׁ־אֶחָ֣ד בָּ֔א מִדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵל֥וֹן מְעוֹנְנִֽים׃ | Then Gaal spoke yet again and said, “Look, a people is coming down from the height of the land, and one contingent is coming by the way of the oak of Meonenim.” |
contingent ← head, but also company [AnLx].
oak: AV differs somewhat (plain). Compare Judg 9:6. |
| Judg 9:38 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו זְבֻ֗ל אַיֵּ֨ה אֵפ֥וֹא פִ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר מִ֥י אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ הֲלֹ֨א זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָאַ֣סְתָּה בּ֔וֹ צֵא־נָ֥א עַתָּ֖ה וְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃ ס | Then Zebul said to him, “Where is your mouth now, with which you might say, ‘Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him?’? Is this not the people whom you rejected? Come on out now and fight them!” | where ... who: two questions asked, one in nested direct speech, whence the unusual conjunction of question marks. |
| Judg 9:39 | וַיֵּ֣צֵא גַ֔עַל לִפְנֵ֖י בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | Then Gaal came out in the presence of the lords of Shechem, and he fought against Abimelech. | |
| Judg 9:40 | וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֣הוּ אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖נָס מִפָּנָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּל֛וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And Abimelech pursued him, and he fled before him, and many fell wounded up to the entrance of the gate. | wounded: or slain. |
| Judg 9:41 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בָּארוּמָ֑ה וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ זְבֻ֛ל אֶת־גַּ֥עַל וְאֶת־אֶחָ֖יו מִשֶּׁ֥בֶת בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃ | And Abimelech lived in Arumah, and Zebul drove out Gaal and his brothers, stopping them from living in Shechem. | from living: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:42 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּצֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And it came to pass on the next day when the people went out into the fields that it was reported to Abimelech. |
fields ← field, but also wider usage, countryside, fields.
it was reported to ← they told. Avoidance of the passive, but the passive is useful in English to indicate a change of subject (the people ... those who reported). |
| Judg 9:43 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֗ם וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֔ים וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיָּ֥קָם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיַּכֵּֽם׃ | And he took his people and divided them into three contingents, and he lay in ambush in the fields, and he looked, and what he saw was the people coming out of the city. And he rose up against them and struck them. |
contingents ← heads, but also companies [AnLx].
fields ← field, but also wider usage, countryside, fields. what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 9:44 | וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃ | And Abimelech and the contingents which were with him made an onslaught, and they took up position at the entrance of the gate of the city, and two contingents made an onslaught against everyone in the fields and struck them down. | contingents: AV differs somewhat (company), singular. The AV also supplies other with the two “companies” mentioned. |
| Judg 9:45 | וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃ פ | And Abimelech fought in the city all that day, and he took the city, and he killed the people who were in it, and he demolished the city and sowed it with salt. | |
| Judg 9:46 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּֽל־בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־צְרִ֔יחַ בֵּ֖ית אֵ֥ל בְּרִֽית׃ | Then when all the lords of the tower of Shechem heard it, they went to the watchtower of the house of El-Berith. | El-Berith: AV differs (the god Berith), which is also possible. |
| Judg 9:47 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י הִֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּ כָּֽל־בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶֽם׃ | And it was reported to Abimelech that all the lords of the tower of Shechem had gathered together. | |
| Judg 9:48 | וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר־צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ | Then Abimelech went up to Mount Zalmon – he and all the people who were with him – and Abimelech took axes in his hand and cut off a bough from one of the trees, and he lifted it up and put it on his shoulder, and he said to the people who were with him, “What you have seen me do, hurry up and do the same as me.” | as me: or, if the reader prefers, as I. |
| Judg 9:49 | וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ גַם־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ שׂוֹכֹ֗ה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֤י אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עַֽל־הַצְּרִ֔יחַ וַיַּצִּ֧יתוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם אֶֽת־הַצְּרִ֖יחַ בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיָּמֻ֜תוּ גַּ֣ם כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֧י מִֽגְדַּל־שְׁכֶ֛ם כְּאֶ֖לֶף אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשָּֽׁה׃ פ | So all the people also each cut off a bough, and they followed Abimelech, and they put them against the watchtower, and with them they set fire to the watchtower, and all the men of the tower of Shechem also died – about a thousand men and women. | a bough: MT pointing reads his bough, but the consonantal text does not support that, the basic form of the word being שׂוֹכָה, sochah; compare the previous verse. |
| Judg 9:50 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־תֵּבֵ֑ץ וַיִּ֥חַן בְּתֵבֵ֖ץ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃ | Then Abimelech went to Thebez, and he encamped at Thebez, and he captured it. | Thebez (2x) ← Tebez, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Judg 9:51 | וּמִגְדַּל־עֹז֮ הָיָ֣ה בְתוֹךְ־הָעִיר֒ וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ שָׁ֜מָּה כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֗ים וְכֹל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וַֽיִּסְגְּר֖וּ בַּעֲדָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ עַל־גַּ֥ג הַמִּגְדָּֽל׃ | Now there was a strong tower inside the city, and all the men and women and all the lords of the city fled there, and they closed it behind them, and they went up onto the roof of the tower. | |
| Judg 9:52 | וַיָּבֹ֤א אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַד־הַמִּגְדָּ֔ל וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֛שׁ עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַמִּגְדָּ֖ל לְשָׂרְפ֥וֹ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And Abimelech went to the tower, and he attacked it, and he approached the entrance of the tower to set it on fire. | set it on fire ← burn it with fire. |
| Judg 9:53 | וַתַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחַ֛ת פֶּ֥לַח רֶ֖כֶב עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַתָּ֖רִץ אֶת־גֻּלְגָּלְתּֽוֹ׃ | And a certain woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech's head, and it crushed his skull. | |
| Judg 9:54 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א מְהֵרָ֜ה אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁלֹ֤ף חַרְבְּךָ֙ וּמ֣וֹתְתֵ֔נִי פֶּן־יֹ֥אמְרוּ לִ֖י אִשָּׁ֣ה הֲרָגָ֑תְהוּ וַיִּדְקְרֵ֥הוּ נַעֲר֖וֹ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And he quickly called the servant-lad carrying his equipment, and he said to him, “Draw your sword and kill me, so that they do not say about me, ‘A woman killed him.’ ” So his servant thrust him through, and he died. | |
| Judg 9:55 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, each man went to his place. | |
| Judg 9:56 | וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֖ת רָעַ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְאָבִ֔יו לַהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶחָֽיו׃ | So God requited Abimelech's wickedness which he committed against his father, in killing his seventy brothers. | in killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 9:57 | וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־רָעַת֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם הֵשִׁ֥יב אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּרֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קִֽלֲלַ֖ת יוֹתָ֥ם בֶּן־יְרֻבָּֽעַל׃ פ | And God requited all the wickedness of the men of Shechem on their head, and the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal came upon them. | |
| Judg 10:1 | וַיָּקָם֩ אַחֲרֵ֨י אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל תּוֹלָ֧ע בֶּן־פּוּאָ֛ה בֶּן־דּוֹד֖וֹ אִ֣ישׁ יִשָּׂשכָ֑ר וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּשָׁמִ֖יר בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Then after Abimelech was gone, Tola, the son of Puah, the son of Dodo, arose to save Israel – a man of Issachar – and he lived in Shamir at Mount Ephraim. | after Abimelech was gone: without the ellipsis supplied, the English sounds as though Abimelech had arisen to save Israel. |
| Judg 10:2 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֖מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּשָׁמִֽיר׃ פ | And he judged Israel for twenty-three years, then he died and was buried in Shamir. | |
| Judg 10:3 | וַיָּ֣קָם אַחֲרָ֔יו יָאִ֖יר הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃ | And after him Jair the Gileadite arose, and he judged Israel for twenty-two years. | Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:4 | וַֽיְהִי־ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים רֹֽכְבִים֙ עַל־שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים עֲיָרִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים עֲיָרִ֖ים לָהֶ֑ם לָהֶ֞ם יִקְרְא֣וּ ׀ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֗יר עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And he had thirty sons who rode on thirty ass-colts, and they had thirty cities, and they call them the Villages of Jair up to this day, which are in the land of Gilead. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:5 | וַיָּ֣מָת יָאִ֔יר וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקָמֽוֹן׃ פ | Then Jair died, and he was buried in Camon. | |
| Judg 10:6 | וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ׃ | Then the sons of Israel again did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and they served the Baalim, and images of Astarte, and the gods of Aramaea, and the gods of Sidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines. But they forsook the Lord, and they did not serve him. |
images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidon. |
| Judg 10:7 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the sons of Ammon. | |
| Judg 10:8 | וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And they crushed and oppressed the sons of Israel in that year – for eighteen years all the sons of Israel who were on the other side of the Jordan in the land of the Amorites who were in Gilead. |
eighteen years: not part of the missing 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi (Judg 3:8), perhaps because only a small part of Israel is involved.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 10:9 | וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְהִלָּחֵ֛ם גַּם־בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖ין וּבְבֵ֣ית אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֥צֶר לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְאֹֽד׃ | Then the sons of Ammon crossed the Jordan to fight against both Judah and Benjamin, as well as the house of Ephraim, and Israel was in a serious strait. | |
| Judg 10:10 | וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ פ | And the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord and said, “We have sinned against you, because we have both forsaken our God and we have served the Baalim.” | |
| Judg 10:11 | וַ֥יֹּאמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמִן־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then the Lord said to the sons of Israel, “Is it not from Egypt and from the Amorites and from the sons of Ammon and from the Philistines that I saved you? | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 10:12 | וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם׃ | And when the Sidonians and Amalek and Maon oppressed you, you cried out to me, and I saved you from their hand. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidonians. |
| Judg 10:13 | וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | But you forsook me, and you served other gods. That is why I shall not save you again. | |
| Judg 10:14 | לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם׃ | Go and cry out to the gods that you have chosen. Let them save you in the time of your distress.” | |
| Judg 10:15 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אנוּ עֲשֵׂה־אַתָּ֣ה לָ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֛ךְ הַצִּילֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then the sons of Israel said to the Lord, “We have sinned. Deal with us in whatever way is right in your sight, but please deliver us this day.” | in whatever ← according to every. |
| Judg 10:16 | וַיָּסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ מִקִּרְבָּ֔ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בַּעֲמַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then they removed the foreign gods from their midst, and they served the Lord, and he became impatient over Israel's suffering. |
foreign gods ← gods of foreignness, a Hebraic genitive.
he became impatient ← his soul became short. |
| Judg 10:17 | וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | Then the sons of Ammon were mobilized, and they encamped at Gilead. And the sons of Israel gathered and encamped in Mizpah. |
mobilized ← called together.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 10:18 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ פ | And the people – the officers of Gilead – said to each other, “Who is the man who will start fighting the sons of Ammon? He will be the head of all the inhabitants of Gilead.” | Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:1 | וְיִפְתָּ֣ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֗י הָיָה֙ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל וְה֖וּא בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶת־יִפְתָּֽח׃ | Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a valiant warrior, and he was the son of a harlot woman, and it was Gilead who begot Jephthah. |
Jephthah ← Jiphtah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Gileadite ... Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:2 | וַתֵּ֧לֶד אֵֽשֶׁת־גִּלְעָ֛ד ל֖וֹ בָּנִ֑ים וַיִּגְדְּל֨וּ בְֽנֵי־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה וַיְגָרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־יִפְתָּ֗ח וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־תִנְחַ֣ל בְּבֵית־אָבִ֔ינוּ כִּ֛י בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחֶ֖רֶת אָֽתָּה׃ | And Gilead's wife bore him sons, and his wife's sons grew up and drove Jephthah out, and they said to him, “You will not inherit anything in our father's house, for you are the son of another woman.” |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:3 | וַיִּבְרַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֶחָ֔יו וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ ט֑וֹב וַיִּֽתְלַקְּט֤וּ אֶל־יִפְתָּח֙ אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רֵיקִ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | At this Jephthah fled from his brothers, and he dwelt in the land of Tob, and some idle men gathered around Jephthah and went out with him. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:4 | וַיְהִ֖י מִיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass after a number of days that the sons of Ammon fought against Israel. | fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 11:5 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁר־נִלְחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד לָקַ֥חַת אֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ טֽוֹב׃ | And it so happened as the sons of Ammon were fighting against Israel, that the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah from the land of Tob. |
fighting against ← fighting with. See Gen 14:8.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְיִפְתָּ֔ח לְכָ֕ה וְהָיִ֥יתָה לָּ֖נוּ לְקָצִ֑ין וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And they said to Jephthah, “Come and be our leader, and let us fight against the sons of Ammon.” | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ לְזִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד הֲלֹ֤א אַתֶּם֙ שְׂנֵאתֶ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתְּגָרְשׁ֖וּנִי מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וּמַדּ֜וּעַ בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ עַ֔תָּה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צַ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃ | Then Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “Have you not hated me and driven me out of my father's house? So why have you come to me now that you are in a strait?” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:8 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ זִקְנֵ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֗ח לָכֵן֙ עַתָּה֙ שַׁ֣בְנוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֖ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיִ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ | And the elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, “This is why we have now turned to you: for you to come with us and fight against the sons of Ammon, and you will be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.” |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִפְתָּ֜ח אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֗ד אִם־מְשִׁיבִ֨ים אַתֶּ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ לְהִלָּחֵם֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וְנָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אוֹתָ֖ם לְפָנָ֑י אָנֹכִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְרֹֽאשׁ׃ | Then Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, “If you are bringing me back to fight against the sons of Ammon, when the Lord has delivered them before me, then I will be your head.” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:10 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ זִקְנֵֽי־גִלְעָ֖ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֑ח יְהוָ֗ה יִהְיֶ֤ה שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ בֵּֽינוֹתֵ֔ינוּ אִם־לֹ֥א כִדְבָרְךָ֖ כֵּ֥ן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Then the elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, “May the Lord hold us to account if we do not act according to your words.” |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. hold us to account ← hear between us. words ← word. |
| Judg 11:11 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יִפְתָּח֙ עִם־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֥ם אוֹת֛וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְרֹ֣אשׁ וּלְקָצִ֑ין וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֧ח אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָ֛יו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ פ | Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people appointed him to be head over them and a leader, and Jephthah spoke all his words before the Lord in Mizpah. |
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 11:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר מַה־לִּ֣י וָלָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־בָ֥אתָ אֵלַ֖י לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם בְּאַרְצִֽי׃ | Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of the sons of Ammon and said, “What is the issue between me and you that you should come to me to fight in my land?” | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:13 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֗ח כִּֽי־לָקַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־אַרְצִי֙ בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֖ק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֕ה הָשִׁ֥יבָה אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And the king of the sons of Ammon said to Jephthah's messengers, “Because Israel took my land when it came up from Egypt, from the Arnon to the Jabbok and up to the Jordan. So now, give it back in peace.” |
my land: this could be re-pointed to my lands; see below.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. it ← them, referring to land, which could be re-pointed to lands. |
| Judg 11:14 | וַיּ֥וֹסֶף ע֖וֹד יִפְתָּ֑ח וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then Jephthah sent messengers again to the king of the sons of Ammon, | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יִפְתָּ֑ח לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | and he said to him, “This is what Jephthah says: ‘Israel did not take the land of Moab or the land of the sons of Ammon, |
this is what ← thus.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:16 | כִּ֖י בַּעֲלוֹתָ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ עַד־יַם־ס֔וּף וַיָּבֹ֖א קָדֵֽשָׁה׃ | for when it came up from Egypt, Israel went into the desert, to the Red Sea, and it came to Kadesh. | |
| Judg 11:17 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱד֨וֹם ׀ לֵאמֹ֜ר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֔וֹם וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מוֹאָ֛ב שָׁלַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃ | Then Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom and said, «Please let me cross your land.» But the king of Edom did not consent. And it also sent messengers to the king of Moab, but he was not willing, and Israel stayed in Kadesh. | consent ← hear. |
| Judg 11:18 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיָּ֜סָב אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ אֱדוֹם֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֤א מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּן בְּעֵ֣בֶר אַרְנ֑וֹן וְלֹא־בָ֙אוּ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י אַרְנ֖וֹן גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃ | And it went into the desert, and it went round the land of Edom and the land of Moab, and it came to the land of Moab from the sunrise direction, and they encamped across the Arnon, but they did not enter the territory of Moab, for the Arnon is the border of Moab. | territory ← border. |
| Judg 11:19 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּ֥א בְאַרְצְךָ֖ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃ | Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites – the king of Heshbon – and Israel said to him, «Please let us cross through your land to our place.» |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16.
our place ← my place. |
| Judg 11:20 | וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִ֨ין סִיח֤וֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻל֔וֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף סִיחוֹן֙ אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But Sihon did not trust Israel to cross its territory, and Sihon gathered all his people, and they encamped at Jahaz, and he did battle with Israel. |
territory ← border.
at Jahaz ← to Jahaz, or (at) Jahzah. See Josh 13:18. |
| Judg 11:21 | וַ֠יִּתֵּן יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־סִיח֧וֹן וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֛וֹ בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּכּ֑וּם וַיִּירַשׁ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִֽיא׃ | And the Lord God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into Israel's hand, and they struck them, and Israel took possession of all the land of the Amorites who lived in that land. | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:22 | וַיִּ֣ירְשׁ֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־גְּב֣וּל הָאֱמֹרִ֑י מֵֽאַרְנוֹן֙ וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֔ק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So they took possession of all the territory of the Amorites, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, and from the desert to the Jordan. |
territory ← border.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:23 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י עַמּ֣וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃ | So now that the Lord God of Israel has dispossessed the Amorites before his people Israel, will you then take possession of it? | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Judg 11:24 | הֲלֹ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ֛ כְּמ֥וֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אוֹת֥וֹ תִירָ֑שׁ וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹרִ֜ישׁ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ אוֹת֥וֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃ | Is it not so, that whatever Chemosh your god dispossesses for you, you take possession of? And that everything that the Lord our God dispossesses before us, we take possession of? | Chemosh your god: the Amorites would attribute any battle success to their god Chemosh. Jephthah uses that to make his argument. |
| Judg 11:25 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲט֥וֹב טוֹב֙ אַתָּ֔ה מִבָּלָ֥ק בֶּן־צִפּ֖וֹר מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב הֲר֥וֹב רָב֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־נִלְחֹ֥ם נִלְחַ֖ם בָּֽם׃ | So now, are you really any better than Balak the son of Zippor, the king of Moab? Did he strive vehemently with Israel, or did he fight fiercely against them? | are you really any better ... did he strive vehemently ... did he fight fiercely: all infinitive absolute (taking the forms in the first case as verbal, not adjectival). AV differs in the first clause (did he ever strive against Israel). |
| Judg 11:26 | בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וּבְעַרְע֣וֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אַרְנ֔וֹן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | When Israel dwelt in Heshbon and its satellites, and in Aroer and its satellites, and in all the cities alongside the Arnon, for three hundred years, why did you not deliver these places, at that time? | Aroer ← Ar'or (here). |
| Judg 11:27 | וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ לֹֽא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֞ה עֹשֶׂ֥ה אִתִּ֛י רָעָ֖ה לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בִּ֑י יִשְׁפֹּ֨ט יְהוָ֤ה הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And I have not committed any offence against you, but you are doing wrong with me in fighting me. May the Lord, the judge, judge today between the sons of Israel and the sons of Ammon.’ ” | in fighting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 11:28 | וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ע מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֔ח אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלַ֖ח אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | But the king of the sons of Ammon did not favourably receive the words of Jephthah which he had sent to him. |
favourably receive ← hear, hearken to.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:29 | וַתְּהִ֤י עַל־יִפְתָּח֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־מִצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד וּמִמִּצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד עָבַ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then the spirit of the Lord came on Jephthah, and he crossed Gilead and Manasseh, and he crossed Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he crossed over to the sons of Ammon. |
came ← became.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. Gilead (3x): see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 11:30 | וַיִּדַּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֥ח נֶ֛דֶר לַיהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אִם־נָת֥וֹן תִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן בְּיָדִֽי׃ | Then Jephthah made a vow to the Lord, and he said, “If you will make a point of delivering the sons of Ammon into my hand, |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
make a point of delivering: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 11:31 | וְהָיָ֣ה הַיּוֹצֵ֗א אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵצֵ֜א מִדַּלְתֵ֤י בֵיתִי֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י בְּשׁוּבִ֥י בְשָׁל֖וֹם מִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖הוּ עוֹלָֽה׃ פ | then it will be the case that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon will be the Lord's, or I will offer it as a burnt offering.” |
whatever: masculine, applicable to animals or people. For a person, if that was Jephthah's intention, the vow would certainly involve redeeming that person. See Ex 34:20, Num 18:15.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. We ↴ |
| Judg 11:32 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then Jephthah crossed over to the sons of Ammon to fight against them, and the Lord delivered them into his hand. |
↳ have noted many examples of such use, e.g. Gen 17:12.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 11:33 | וַיַּכֵּ֡ם מֵעֲרוֹעֵר֩ וְעַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֨ מִנִּ֜ית עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֗יר וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים מַכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And he struck them from Aroer to where one approaches Minnith – twenty cities – and as far as Abel-Keramim, with a very great blow, and the sons of Ammon were humiliated before the sons of Israel. |
Abel-Keramim: AV differs, translating, the plain of the vineyards.
humiliated: or subdued. |
| Judg 11:34 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יִפְתָּ֣ח הַמִּצְפָּה֮ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֒ וְהִנֵּ֤ה בִתּוֹ֙ יֹצֵ֣את לִקְרָאת֔וֹ בְתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹל֑וֹת וְרַק֙ הִ֣יא יְחִידָ֔ה אֵֽין־ל֥וֹ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ בֵּ֖ן אוֹ־בַֽת׃ | Then Jephthah went to Mizpah, to his house, and what should happen but his daughter came out to meet him, with timbrels and dancing, and moreover, she was an only child – besides her he had neither son nor daughter. |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. what should happen but ← behold. |
| Judg 11:35 | וַיְהִי֩ כִרְאוֹת֨וֹ אוֹתָ֜הּ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֲהָ֤הּ בִּתִּי֙ הַכְרֵ֣עַ הִכְרַעְתִּ֔נִי וְאַ֖תְּ הָיִ֣יתְ בְּעֹֽכְרָ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י פָּצִ֤יתִי־פִי֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לָשֽׁוּב׃ | And it came to pass when he saw her that he tore his clothes, and he said, “Alas, my daughter, you have brought me very low, and you have joined those who cause me sorrow, for I have opened my mouth to the Lord, and I cannot reverse it.” |
you have brought me very low: infinitive absolute.
joined ← become at. |
| Judg 11:36 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אָבִי֙ פָּצִ֤יתָה אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֣ה לִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יָצָ֣א מִפִּ֑יךָ אַחֲרֵ֡י אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְךָ֙ יְהוָ֧ה נְקָמ֛וֹת מֵאֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִבְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then she said to him, “My father, have you opened your mouth to the Lord? Do to me according to what was uttered from your mouth, since the Lord has taken vengeance for you on your enemies, on the sons of Ammon.” | |
| Judg 11:37 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לִּ֖י הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה הַרְפֵּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נִּי שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וְאֵֽלְכָה֙ וְיָרַדְתִּ֣י עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶבְכֶּה֙ עַל־בְּתוּלַ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י *ורעיתי **וְרֵעוֹתָֽי׃ | And she said to her father, “Let this thing be done for me – leave me alone for two months, and I will go up and down on the mountains and bewail my virginity, I and my {Q: companions} [K: companionship].” | The sense of the ketiv is the companions collectively, so it is equivalent to the qeré. |
| Judg 11:38 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵ֔כִי וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אוֹתָ֖הּ שְׁנֵ֣י חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ הִיא֙ וְרֵ֣עוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַתֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל־בְּתוּלֶ֖יהָ עַל־הֶהָרִֽים׃ | And he said, “Go.” And he sent her off for two months. So she went – she and her companions – and she bewailed her virginity on the mountains. | |
| Judg 11:39 | וַיְהִ֞י מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַתָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֔הּ אֶת־נִדְר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָדָ֑ר וְהִיא֙ לֹא־יָדְעָ֣ה אִ֔ישׁ וַתְּהִי־חֹ֖ק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then it came to pass after two months that she returned to her father, and he performed with her his vow which he had made, and she did not know a man, and it became a statute in Israel. | he performed with her his vow: there is no hint of a burnt offering here as many contend. On the contrary, Jephthah's daughter became dedicated to the Lord and remained a virgin. See Judg 11:31. |
| Judg 11:40 | מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֗ימָה תֵּלַ֙כְנָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְתַנּ֕וֹת לְבַת־יִפְתָּ֖ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י אַרְבַּ֥עַת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃ ס | On these days, as they recur, the daughters of Israel go to commemorate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite, for four days per year. |
commemorate: the word is also used in Judg 5:11 (celebrate) and nowhere else.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 12:1 | וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר צָפ֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ לְיִפְתָּ֜ח מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ עָבַ֣רְתָּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּבְנֵי־עַמּ֗וֹן וְלָ֙נוּ֙ לֹ֤א קָרָ֙אתָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִמָּ֔ךְ בֵּיתְךָ֕ נִשְׂרֹ֥ף עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then the men of Ephraim were called together, and they crossed over to the north, and they said to Jephthah, “Why did you cross over to fight the sons of Ammon, without calling us to go with you? We will burn your house with fire on you.” |
men ← man.
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. without calling us ← but you did not call us. |
| Judg 12:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ רִ֗יב הָיִ֛יתִי אֲנִ֛י וְעַמִּ֥י וּבְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן מְאֹ֑ד וָאֶזְעַ֣ק אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־הוֹשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם אוֹתִ֖י מִיָּדָֽם׃ | Then Jephthah said to them, “I was a man in contention – I and my people – with the sons of Ammon, to a great extent, and I called out to you, but you did not deliver me out of their hand. | Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| Judg 12:3 | וָֽאֶרְאֶ֞ה כִּֽי־אֵינְךָ֣ מוֹשִׁ֗יע וָאָשִׂ֨ימָה נַפְשִׁ֤י בְכַפִּי֙ וָֽאֶעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדִ֑י וְלָמָ֞ה עֲלִיתֶ֥ם אֵלַ֛י הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בִּֽי׃ | And when I saw that you were not delivering me, I risked by life, and I went across to the sons of Ammon, and the Lord delivered them into my hand. So why have you come up this day to fight against me?” | I risked by life ← I put my soul in my palm. |
| Judg 12:4 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | Then Jephthah gathered all the men of Gilead and fought against Ephraim, and the men of Gilead struck Ephraim down, for the latter had said, “You are fugitives of Ephraim, Gilead within Ephraim and within Manasseh.” |
Jephthah: see Judg 11:1.
Gilead (3x): see Gen 31:21. fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. the latter ← they. |
| Judg 12:5 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת־מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי־גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר ׀ לֹֽא׃ | And Gilead captured Ephraim's fords of the Jordan, and it came to pass that when the fugitives of Ephraim said, “Let me cross”, the men of Gilead said, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he said, “No”, |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21.
if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Judg 12:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אֱמָר־נָ֨א שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר סִבֹּ֗לֶת וְלֹ֤א יָכִין֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר כֵּ֔ן וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אוֹת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ אֶל־מַעְבְּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּפֹּ֞ל בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם אָֽלֶף׃ | then they said to him, “Kindly say, ‘Shibboleth’ ”, and if he said, “Sibboleth”, and he did not articulate to pronounce it correctly, then they took him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. And at that time forty-two thousand men of Ephraim fell. |
if: conditional use of the vav.
articulate ← fashion, form. forty-two thousand: [CB] translates as two thousand and forty, but it is in a standard format for forty-two thousand. See Judg 7:3, 1 Chr 7:2. |
| Judg 12:7 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֗מָת יִפְתָּח֙ הַגִּלְעָדִ֔י וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ פ | And Jephthah judged Israel for six years, then Jephthah the Gileadite died, and he was buried in the cities of Gilead. |
Jephthah (2x): see Judg 11:1.
Gileadite ... Gilead: see Gen 31:21. the cities: perhaps in a conurbation. |
| Judg 12:8 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִבְצָ֖ן מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | Then after him, Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel. |
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19.
judged: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. Similarly Judg 12:11, Judg 12:13. |
| Judg 12:9 | וַיְהִי־ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים בָּנוֹת֙ שִׁלַּ֣ח הַח֔וּצָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנ֔וֹת הֵבִ֥יא לְבָנָ֖יו מִן־הַח֑וּץ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | And he had thirty sons and thirty daughters whom he sent out. And he brought thirty daughters from outside for his sons, and he judged Israel for seven years. | |
| Judg 12:10 | וַיָּ֣מָת אִבְצָ֔ן וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ פ | Then Ibzan died, and he was buried in Bethlehem. | Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 12:11 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵיל֖וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | And after him Elon the Zebulonite judged Israel, and he judged Israel for ten years. | |
| Judg 12:12 | וַיָּ֖מָת אֵל֣וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ זְבוּלֻֽן׃ פ | Then Elon the Zebulonite died, and he was buried in Aijalon in the land of Zebulun. | |
| Judg 12:13 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אַחֲרָ֖יו אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן־הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִֽי׃ | Then after him Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel. | |
| Judg 12:14 | וַיְהִי־ל֞וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים רֹכְבִ֖ים עַל־שִׁבְעִ֣ים עֲיָרִ֑ם וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ | And he had forty sons and thirty grandsons who rode on seventy ass-colts, and he judged Israel for eight years. | |
| Judg 12:15 | וַיָּ֛מָת עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן־הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֤ר בְּפִרְעָתוֹן֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּהַ֖ר הָעֲמָלֵקִֽי׃ פ | Then Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and he was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim at the mount of the Amalekite. | |
| Judg 13:1 | וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | Then the sons of Israel again did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, and the Lord delivered them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years. | forty years: part of the 93 years where Israel is lo-ammi. See Judg 3:8. |
| Judg 13:2 | וַיְהִי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֧ד מִצָּרְעָ֛ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת הַדָּנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָנ֑וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ עֲקָרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יָלָֽדָה׃ | And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the Danite family, and his name was Manoah, and his wife was barren, and she had not given birth. | |
| Judg 13:3 | וַיֵּרָ֥א מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ הִנֵּה־נָ֤א אַתְּ־עֲקָרָה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלַ֔דְתְּ וְהָרִ֖ית וְיָלַ֥דְתְּ בֵּֽן׃ | And the angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “Look now, you are barren, and you have not given birth, but you will conceive and bear a son. | |
| Judg 13:4 | וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּׁ֣מְרִי נָ֔א וְאַל־תִּשְׁתִּ֖י יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֑ר וְאַל־תֹּאכְלִ֖י כָּל־טָמֵֽא׃ | So now, please be on your guard, and do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
anything ← everything. |
| Judg 13:5 | כִּי֩ הִנָּ֨ךְ הָרָ֜ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֗ן וּמוֹרָה֙ לֹא־יַעֲלֶ֣ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ כִּֽי־נְזִ֧יר אֱלֹהִ֛ים יִהְיֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר מִן־הַבָּ֑טֶן וְה֗וּא יָחֵ֛ל לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | For you are about to conceive, and you will bear a son, and no razor will pass over his head, for the boy will be a Nazarite of God from the womb, and he will begin to save Israel from the hand of the Philistines.” |
you are about to conceive ← behold you pregnant. Perhaps better pointed as a participle (הֹרָה), as a participle commonly follows הִנֵּה, denoting the near future.
Nazarite: i.e. separated. Not connected ↴ |
| Judg 13:6 | וַתָּבֹ֣א הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִישָׁהּ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ כְּמַרְאֵ֛ה מַלְאַ֥ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נוֹרָ֣א מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א שְׁאִלְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֣ה ה֔וּא וְאֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־הִגִּ֥יד לִֽי׃ | Then the woman went and spoke to her husband, and she said, “A man of God has come to me, and his appearance was as the appearance of an angel of God – most awesome – and I did not ask him where he was from, and he did not tell me his name. | ↳ with Nazareth, where the z stands for a tsadé, whereas in Nazarite it stands for a zayin. |
| Judg 13:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִ֔י הִנָּ֥ךְ הָרָ֖ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֞ה אַל־תִּשְׁתִּ֣י ׀ יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֗ר וְאַל־תֹּֽאכְלִי֙ כָּל־טֻמְאָ֔ה כִּֽי־נְזִ֤יר אֱלֹהִים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַנַּ֔עַר מִן־הַבֶּ֖טֶן עַד־י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃ פ | And he said to me, ‘You are about to conceive, and you will bear a son. So now, do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean, for the boy will be a Nazarite of God from the womb to the day of his death.’ ” |
you are about to conceive ← behold you pregnant. See Judg 13:5.
anything ← everything. |
| Judg 13:8 | וַיֶּעְתַּ֥ר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר בִּ֣י אֲדוֹנָ֔י אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֗חְתָּ יָבוֹא־נָ֥א עוֹד֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְיוֹרֵ֕נוּ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַנַּ֥עַר הַיּוּלָּֽד׃ | Then Manoah entreated the Lord and said, “O Lord*, please – the man of God whom you sent – may he please come to us again and teach us what we are to do with the boy who is to be born.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Judg 13:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּק֣וֹל מָנ֑וֹחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים ע֜וֹד אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנ֥וֹחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ׃ | And God heeded Manoah, and the angel of God came again to the woman while she was sitting down in a field, when Manoah her husband was not with her. | heeded Manoah ← heard Manoah's voice. |
| Judg 13:10 | וַתְּמַהֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתָּ֖רָץ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְאִישָׁ֑הּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֨ה נִרְאָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א בַיּ֖וֹם אֵלָֽי׃ | And the woman hastened and ran and told her husband, and she said to him, “Look, the man who came to me the other day has appeared to me again.” | the other day ← on the day. |
| Judg 13:11 | וַיָּ֛קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אַחֲרֵ֣י אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הַאַתָּ֥ה הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתָּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽנִי׃ | So Manoah got up and followed his wife, and he came to the man, and he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to the woman?” And he said, “Yes I am.” | |
| Judg 13:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָנ֔וֹחַ עַתָּ֖ה יָבֹ֣א דְבָרֶ֑יךָ מַה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה מִשְׁפַּט־הַנַּ֖עַר וּמַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ | Then Manoah said, “May your words now come to pass. What is the boy's duty to be, and his function?” | what is the boy's duty to be, and his function?: AV differs somewhat (how shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?). |
| Judg 13:13 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מָנ֑וֹחַ מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה תִּשָּׁמֵֽר׃ | And the angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “Let her be on her guard about everything I have said to her. | to her ← to the woman. |
| Judg 13:14 | מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִגֶּ֨פֶן הַיַּ֜יִן לֹ֣א תֹאכַ֗ל וְיַ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ אַל־תֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וְכָל־טֻמְאָ֖ה אַל־תֹּאכַ֑ל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּיתִ֖יהָ תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ | She shall not consume anything that comes from the grape vine, nor drink any wine or strong drink, nor eat anything unclean. Let her keep everything I have commanded her.” |
anything (2x) ← everything.
grape vine ← wine vine. |
| Judg 13:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מָנ֖וֹחַ אֶל־מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה נַעְצְרָה־נָּ֣א אוֹתָ֔ךְ וְנַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְפָנֶ֖יךָ גְּדִ֥י עִזִּֽים׃ | Then Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Please let us detain you, and we will prepare a kid of the goats for you.” | for ← before, with the idea of serving it to (him). |
| Judg 13:16 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מָנ֗וֹחַ אִם־תַּעְצְרֵ֙נִי֙ לֹא־אֹכַ֣ל בְּלַחְמֶ֔ךָ וְאִם־תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה עֹלָ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה תַּעֲלֶ֑נָּה כִּ֚י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | But the angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “If you detain me, I shall not eat your food, but if you would offer a burnt offering, you shall offer it to the Lord.” For Manoah did not know that he was the angel of the Lord. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
the angel of the Lord (second occurrence in verse): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 13:17 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה מִ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א *דבריך **דְבָרְךָ֖ וְכִבַּדְנֽוּךָ׃ | Then Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “What is your name, so that when your words come to pass, we can honour you.” | words: the qeré is word, standing for the whole speech. |
| Judg 13:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לּוֹ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וְהוּא־פֶ֛לִאי׃ ס | Then the angel of the Lord said to him, “Why do you ask me my name, when it is Wonderful?” | Wonderful: AV differs (secret). See Isa 9:5 (Isa 9:6AV). |
| Judg 13:19 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מָנ֜וֹחַ אֶת־גְּדִ֤י הָעִזִּים֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַל עַל־הַצּ֖וּר לַֽיהוָ֑ה וּמַפְלִ֣א לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת וּמָנ֥וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ רֹאִֽים׃ | Then Manoah took a kid of the goats and a meal-offering, and he offered them on the rock to the Lord, and a wondrous thing was done while Manoah and his wife were watching. | a wondrous thing was done ← acting wondrously to do. |
| Judg 13:20 | וַיְהִי֩ בַעֲל֨וֹת הַלַּ֜הַב מֵעַ֤ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וַיַּ֥עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה בְּלַ֣הַב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּמָנ֤וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ֙ רֹאִ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם אָֽרְצָה׃ | And it came to pass, as the flame went up from the altar towards heaven, that the angel of the Lord went up in the flame of the altar, while Manoah and his wife were watching, and they fell face down to the ground. | face down ← on their faces. |
| Judg 13:21 | וְלֹא־יָ֤סַף עוֹד֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לְהֵרָאֹ֖ה אֶל־מָנ֣וֹחַ וְאֶל־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ אָ֚ז יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי־מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And the angel of the Lord did not appear again to Manoah or to his wife, so Manoah knew that he was the angel of the Lord. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
the angel of the Lord (second occurrence in verse): see Judg 2:1. |
| Judg 13:22 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֣וֹת נָמ֑וּת כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים רָאִֽינוּ׃ | And Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die, for we have seen God.” | certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 13:23 | וַתֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ לוּ֩ חָפֵ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה לַהֲמִיתֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח מִיָּדֵ֙נוּ֙ עֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א הֶרְאָ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְכָעֵ֕ת לֹ֥א הִשְׁמִיעָ֖נוּ כָּזֹֽאת׃ | But his wife said to him, “If it had pleased the Lord to kill us, he would not have accepted a burnt offering or a meal-offering from our hand, and he would not have shown us all these things, and at this time he would not have informed us of such things.” | |
| Judg 13:24 | וַתֵּ֤לֶד הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּגְדַּ֣ל הַנַּ֔עַר וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | And the woman bore a son, and she called him Samson, and the boy grew up, and the Lord blessed him. | Samson ← Shimshon. |
| Judg 13:25 | וַתָּ֙חֶל֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְפַעֲמ֖וֹ בְּמַחֲנֵה־דָ֑ן בֵּ֥ין צָרְעָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽל׃ פ | And the spirit of the Lord began to motivate him in the camp of Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol. | |
| Judg 14:1 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then Samson went down to Timnah, and he saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines. | Timnah (2x): AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12. |
| Judg 14:2 | וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ־אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And he went up and told his father and his mother, and he said, “I have seen a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines, so now, get her for me to be my wife.” |
Timnah: AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12.
to be my wife ← for a wife. |
| Judg 14:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל־עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל־אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח־לִ֔י כִּֽי־הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי׃ | But his father and his mother said to him, “Is there not a woman among the daughters of your brothers and all my people, that you should go and take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?” But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me, for she is right in my eyes.” | |
| Judg 14:4 | וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Now his father and his mother did not know that this was from the Lord, for he was seeking an occasion against the Philistines, for at that time the Philistines were ruling over Israel. |
this ← it / she.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 14:5 | וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃ | Then Samson and his father and his mother went down to Timnah, and they came to the vineyards of Timnah, and what he came across was a lion cub roaring at him. |
Timnah (2x): AV= Timnath. See Gen 38:12.
what he came across was ← behold. |
| Judg 14:6 | וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | But the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and he tore it apart as one tears a kid of the goats apart, yet there was nothing in his hand, but he did not tell his father or mother what he had done. | as one tears ← as the tearing of. |
| Judg 14:7 | וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃ | Then he went down and spoke to the woman, and she was right in Samson's eyes. | |
| Judg 14:8 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | Then after a number of days he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion, and what he saw was a colony of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 14:9 | וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ׃ | And he took some of it in his palms, and he went eating as he was walking, and he went to his father and mother, and he gave them some, and they ate it, but he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the carcase of the lion. | eating as he was walking: infinitives absolute for contemporaneous actions. |
| Judg 14:10 | וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים׃ | Then his father went down to the woman, and Samson held a feast there, for so the young men would do. | |
| Judg 14:11 | וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when they saw him, that they took thirty friends, who accompanied him. |
they (2x): apparently, in view of the subsequent verses, the Philistines.
who accompanied him ← and they were with him. |
| Judg 14:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה־נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם־הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים׃ | Then Samson said to them, “Let me pose you a riddle. If you can plainly tell me the solution in the seven days of the feast, and solve it, then I will give you thirty linen undergarments and thirty suits of clothing. |
plainly tell: infinitive absolute.
the solution ← it. solve ← find. suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:13 | וְאִם־לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה׃ | But if you cannot tell me, then you must give me thirty linen undergarments and thirty suits of clothing.” And they said to him, “Pose your riddle, and we will listen to it.” | suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ |
And he said to them,
“Food came out of that which eats, And out of that which is strong Came out sweetness.” And they could not solve the riddle for three days. |
solve ← tell. |
| Judg 14:15 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת־אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן־נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא׃ | Then it came to pass on the seventh day that they said to Samson's wife, “Entice your husband to tell us the solution to the riddle, or else we will burn you and your father's house with fire. Did you invite us so as to dispossess us or not?” |
seventh: as in all Hebrew manuscripts; translations with fourth take it from the LXX and some Syriac manuscripts [BHS-CA]. These are days leading up to the seven day feast (Judg 14:17).
you invite ← you (plural) call. Presumably the reference is to Samson and ↴ |
| Judg 14:16 | וַתֵּבְךְּ֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן עָלָ֗יו וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ רַק־שְׂנֵאתַ֙נִי֙ וְלֹ֣א אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִי הַֽחִידָ֥ה חַ֙דְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וְלִ֖י לֹ֣א הִגַּ֑דְתָּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הִנֵּ֨ה לְאָבִ֧י וּלְאִמִּ֛י לֹ֥א הִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְלָ֥ךְ אַגִּֽיד׃ | Then Samson's wife wept at him, and she said, “You just hate me, and you do not love me. You posed the riddle to the sons of my people, but you have not told me its solution.” Then he said to her, “Look, I have not told my father or my mother, so am I supposed to tell you?” |
↳ his wife inviting the Philistines to the wedding feast.
so: consecutive use of the vav. |
| Judg 14:17 | וַתֵּ֤בְךְּ עָלָיו֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּגֶּד־לָהּ֙ כִּ֣י הֱצִיקַ֔תְהוּ וַתַּגֵּ֥ד הַחִידָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י עַמָּֽהּ׃ | Then she wept at him in the week in which they held the feast, and it came to pass on the seventh day that he told her, because she distressed him. Then she told the sons of her people. | week ← seven days. |
| Judg 14:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ יָבֹ֣א הַחַ֔רְסָה מַה־מָּת֣וֹק מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה עַ֖ז מֵאֲרִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לוּלֵא֙ חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י לֹ֥א מְצָאתֶ֖ם חִידָתִֽי׃ |
Then on the seventh day the men of the city said to him before the sun set,
“What is sweeter than honey, And what is stronger than a lion?” Then he said to them, “If you had not ploughed my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle.” |
ploughed my heifer: i.e. nagged at my lady-love.
solved ← found. |
| Judg 14:19 | וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וַיַּ֥ךְ מֵהֶ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־חֲלִ֣יצוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ הַחֲלִיפ֔וֹת לְמַגִּידֵ֖י הַחִידָ֑ה וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֖עַל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהוּ׃ פ | Then the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and he went down to Ashkelon and struck down thirty of its men, and he took their spoil, and he gave the suits of clothing to those who had solved the riddle, and his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father's house. |
thirty of its men ← thirty men of them.
suits ← changes. |
| Judg 14:20 | וַתְּהִ֖י אֵ֣שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן לְמֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רֵעָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | And a friend of his, who had befriended him, had Samson's wife. | |
| Judg 15:1 | וַיְהִ֨י מִיָּמִ֜ים בִּימֵ֣י קְצִיר־חִטִּ֗ים וַיִּפְקֹ֨ד שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ בִּגְדִ֣י עִזִּ֔ים וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָבֹ֥אָה אֶל־אִשְׁתִּ֖י הֶחָ֑דְרָה וְלֹֽא־נְתָנ֥וֹ אָבִ֖יהָ לָבֽוֹא׃ | Then it came to pass after many days, in the days of the wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid of the goats, and he said, “I will go to my wife, into the room.” But her father would not let him go in. | |
| Judg 15:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֗יהָ אָמֹ֤ר אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ כִּי־שָׂנֹ֣א שְׂנֵאתָ֔הּ וָאֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה לְמֵרֵעֶ֑ךָ הֲלֹ֨א אֲחֹתָ֤הּ הַקְּטַנָּה֙ טוֹבָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נָּה תְּהִי־נָ֥א לְךָ֖ תַּחְתֶּֽיהָ׃ | And her father said, “I have solemnly declared that you definitely hated her, and I gave her to your friend. Is not her younger sister prettier than she? Please have her instead of her.” | solemnly declared ... definitely hated: both infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 15:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן נִקֵּ֥יתִי הַפַּ֖עַם מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־עֹשֶׂ֥ה אֲנִ֛י עִמָּ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ | Then Samson said concerning them, “This time I am more innocent than the Philistines, although I am doing them harm.” | concerning: a more common meaning of the word is to, but [AnLx] also gives concerning. Samson seems to be speaking to himself. |
| Judg 15:4 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת שׁוּעָלִ֑ים וַיִּקַּ֣ח לַפִּדִ֗ים וַיֶּ֤פֶן זָנָב֙ אֶל־זָנָ֔ב וַיָּ֨שֶׂם לַפִּ֥יד אֶחָ֛ד בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֥י הַזְּנָב֖וֹת בַּתָּֽוֶךְ׃ | Then Samson went and took three hundred foxes, and he took torches, and he orientated them tail to tail, and he put one torch between the two tails in between them. | orientated ← turned. |
| Judg 15:5 | וַיַּבְעֶר־אֵשׁ֙ בַּלַּפִּידִ֔ים וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח בְּקָמ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּבְעֵ֛ר מִגָּדִ֥ישׁ וְעַד־קָמָ֖ה וְעַד־כֶּ֥רֶם זָֽיִת׃ | And he set the torches on fire and released them in the Philistines' cornfields, and he burnt both a stack of corn and standing corn, and also an olive grove. | olive grove ← olive vineyard, but with wider usage; [AnLx]= olive yard. AV differs (vineyards and olives). |
| Judg 15:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֮ מִ֣י עָ֣שָׂה זֹאת֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ חֲתַ֣ן הַתִּמְנִ֔י כִּ֚י לָקַ֣ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּ לְמֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אוֹתָ֛הּ וְאֶת־אָבִ֖יהָ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the Philistines said, “Who did this?” And they said, “Samson the son-in-law of the Timnite, for he took his wife and gave her to his friend.” Then the Philistines went up and burnt her and her father with fire. | he took his wife and gave her to his friend: i.e. Samson's father-in-law took Samson's wife and gave her to Samson's friend. |
| Judg 15:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אִֽם־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּן כָּזֹ֑את כִּ֛י אִם־נִקַּ֥מְתִּי בָכֶ֖ם וְאַחַ֥ר אֶחְדָּֽל׃ | And Samson said to them, “As you have done this, I will surely avenge myself on you, and only afterwards will I cease.” | as ← if, but used idiomatically, as in the English “if that's your game”, where no condition is implied. |
| Judg 15:8 | וַיַּ֨ךְ אוֹתָ֥ם שׁ֛וֹק עַל־יָרֵ֖ךְ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיֵּ֣רֶד וַיֵּ֔שֶׁב בִּסְעִ֖יף סֶ֥לַע עֵיטָֽם׃ ס | And he struck them down in the leg and in the thigh with a great assault, and he went down and sat in a cleft in the rock of Etam. |
sat: or dwelt.
cleft: AV differs (top). |
| Judg 15:9 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בִּיהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּטְשׁ֖וּ בַּלֶּֽחִי׃ | And the Philistines came up and encamped in Judah and spread out in Lehi. | Judah: i.e. the territory of the tribe of Judah. |
| Judg 15:10 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה לָמָ֖ה עֲלִיתֶ֣ם עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ לֶאֱס֤וֹר אֶת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ עָלִ֔ינוּ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עָ֥שָׂה לָֽנוּ׃ | And the men of Judah said, “Why have you come up against us?” And they said, “We have come up to bind Samson up, to do to him what he has done to us.” | |
| Judg 15:11 | וַיֵּרְד֡וּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֜ישׁ מִֽיהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־סְעִיף֮ סֶ֣לַע עֵיטָם֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן הֲלֹ֤א יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ כִּֽי־מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בָּ֙נוּ֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ עָ֣שׂוּ לִ֔י כֵּ֖ן עָשִׂ֥יתִי לָהֶֽם׃ | Then three thousand men from Judah went down to the cleft in the rock of Etam, and they said to Samson, “Do you not know that the Philistines rule over us? What is this that you have done to us?” And he said to them, “As they have done to me, so I have done to them.” | cleft in ← cleft of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Judg 15:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֶאֱסָרְךָ֣ יָרַ֔דְנוּ לְתִתְּךָ֖ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הִשָּׁבְע֣וּ לִ֔י פֶּֽן־תִּפְגְּע֥וּן בִּ֖י אַתֶּֽם׃ | And they said to him, “We have come down to bind you up and to deliver you into the hands of the Philistines.” Then Samson said to them, “Swear to me that you will not attack me yourselves.” | |
| Judg 15:13 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֚א כִּֽי־אָסֹ֤ר נֶֽאֱסָרְךָ֙ וּנְתַנּ֣וּךָ בְיָדָ֔ם וְהָמֵ֖ת לֹ֣א נְמִיתֶ֑ךָ וַיַּאַסְרֻ֗הוּ בִּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ עֲבֹתִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּהוּ מִן־הַסָּֽלַע׃ | But they spoke to him and said, “No, rather we will certainly bind you up and deliver you into their hand, but we will certainly not kill you.” And they bound him with two new ropes, and they brought him up out of the rock. |
certainly bind you up: infinitive absolute.
certainly ... kill you: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 15:14 | הוּא־בָ֣א עַד־לֶ֔חִי וּפְלִשִׁתִּ֖ים הֵרִ֣יעוּ לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַתִּהְיֶ֨ינָה הָעֲבֹתִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־זְרוֹעוֹתָ֗יו כַּפִּשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעֲר֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּמַּ֥סּוּ אֱסוּרָ֖יו מֵעַ֥ל יָדָֽיו׃ | He came to Lehi, and the Philistines sounded an alarm to confront him, but the spirit of the Lord descended on him, and the ropes which were around his arms became like flax burning in a fire, and his bonds melted from around his hands. | |
| Judg 15:15 | וַיִּמְצָ֥א לְחִֽי־חֲמ֖וֹר טְרִיָּ֑ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ וַיִּקָּחֶ֔הָ וַיַּךְ־בָּ֖הּ אֶ֥לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | Then he found a fresh donkey's jawbone, and he stretched out his hand and took hold of it, and he struck down one thousand men with it. | |
| Judg 15:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן בִּלְחִ֣י הַחֲמ֔וֹר חֲמ֖וֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם בִּלְחִ֣י הַחֲמ֔וֹר הִכֵּ֖יתִי אֶ֥לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ |
Then Samson said,
“With an ass's jawbone – A heap, a pair of heaps – With an ass's jawbone I struck down a thousand men.” |
a heap, a pair of heaps: there is a play on words, as the same word means ass or heap. Translating more loosely: heaping them up. |
| Judg 15:17 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כְּכַלֹּת֣וֹ לְדַבֵּ֔ר וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ךְ הַלְּחִ֖י מִיָּד֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֛א לַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא רָ֥מַת לֶֽחִי׃ | And then, when he had finished speaking, he threw the jawbone away, and he called that place Ramath-Lehi. |
he threw the jawbone away ← cast from his hand.
Ramath-Lehi: i.e. Height of the jawbone. |
| Judg 15:18 | וַיִּצְמָא֮ מְאֹד֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אַתָּה֙ נָתַ֣תָּ בְיַֽד־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַתְּשׁוּעָ֥ה הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את וְעַתָּה֙ אָמ֣וּת בַּצָּמָ֔א וְנָפַלְתִּ֖י בְּיַ֥ד הָעֲרֵלִֽים׃ | And he was very thirsty, and he called on the Lord and said, “You have now put this great salvation in the hand of your servant, but now I will die of thirst, and I will fall into the hands of the uncircumcised.” | The verse does not contain an interrogative particle, but it could be read as a question (will I die etc.). |
| Judg 15:19 | וַיִּבְקַ֨ע אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הַמַּכְתֵּ֣שׁ אֲשֶׁר־בַּלֶּ֗חִי וַיֵּצְא֨וּ מִמֶּ֤נּוּ מַ֙יִם֙ וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ וַיֶּ֑חִי עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ קָרָ֣א שְׁמָ֗הּ עֵ֤ין הַקּוֹרֵא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלֶּ֔חִי עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then God split open the hollow which is in Lehi, and water came out, and he drank, and his spirit returned, and he revived, and for that reason he called it En-Hakkore, which is in Lehi, up to this day. | Lehi (first occurrence in verse): AV differs, translating, the jaw. |
| Judg 15:20 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֧ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בִּימֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines for twenty years. | |
| Judg 16:1 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן עַזָּ֑תָה וַיַּרְא־שָׁם֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Samson went to Gaza, and he saw a harlot there, and he went in to her. | harlot ← harlot woman. |
| Judg 16:2 | לַֽעַזָּתִ֣ים ׀ לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּ֤א שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ הֵ֔נָּה וַיָּסֹ֛בּוּ וַיֶּאֶרְבוּ־ל֥וֹ כָל־הַלַּ֖יְלָה בְּשַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וַיִּתְחָרְשׁ֤וּ כָל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר וַהֲרְגְנֻֽהוּ׃ | It was reported to the Gazans as follows: “Samson has come here.” Then they surrounded and ambushed him all night at the city gate, and they kept quiet all night and said, “At morning light we will kill him.” |
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying.
kept quiet: or plotted. |
| Judg 16:3 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב שִׁמְשׁוֹן֮ עַד־חֲצִ֣י הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֗יְלָה וַיֶּאֱחֹ֞ז בְּדַלְת֤וֹת שַֽׁעַר־הָעִיר֙ וּבִשְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּז֔וֹת וַיִּסָּעֵם֙ עִֽם־הַבְּרִ֔יחַ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־כְּתֵפָ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲלֵם֙ אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And Samson lay down until midnight, then he arose at midnight, and he seized the doors of the gate of the city and the two gateposts, and he wrenched them out with the bolt, and he put them on his shoulders, and he brought them up to the top of the mountain which is adjacent to Hebron. | |
| Judg 16:4 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנַ֣חַל שֹׂרֵ֑ק וּשְׁמָ֖הּ דְּלִילָֽה׃ | And it came to pass after that, that he fell in love with a woman at the Brook of Sorek, and her name was Delilah. | |
| Judg 16:5 | וַיַּעֲל֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יהָ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ לָ֜הּ פַּתִּ֣י אוֹת֗וֹ וּרְאִי֙ בַּמֶּה֙ כֹּח֣וֹ גָד֔וֹל וּבַמֶּה֙ נ֣וּכַל ל֔וֹ וַאֲסַרְנֻ֖הוּ לְעַנֹּת֑וֹ וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִתַּן־לָ֔ךְ אִ֕ישׁ אֶ֥לֶף וּמֵאָ֖ה כָּֽסֶף׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines went up and said to her, “Entice him and see what his great strength is due to, and by what means we can prevail over him, so that we can bind him to subdue him, and we will each give you one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” | |
| Judg 16:6 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר דְּלִילָה֙ אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה כֹּחֲךָ֣ גָד֑וֹל וּבַמֶּ֥ה תֵאָסֵ֖ר לְעַנּוֹתֶֽךָ׃ | So Delilah said to Samson, “Do tell me what your great strength is due to, and by what means you can be bound to subdue you.” | |
| Judg 16:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אִם־יַאַסְרֻ֗נִי בְּשִׁבְעָ֛ה יְתָרִ֥ים לַחִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־חֹרָ֑בוּ וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּאַחַ֥ד הָאָדָֽם׃ | And Samson said to her, “If they bind me with seven fresh cords which have not dried up, then I will become weak, and I will become like any other man.” | any other man ← one of man / mankind. |
| Judg 16:8 | וַיַּעֲלוּ־לָ֞הּ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים שִׁבְעָ֛ה יְתָרִ֥ים לַחִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־חֹרָ֑בוּ וַתַּאַסְרֵ֖הוּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines brought up to her seven fresh cords which had not dried, and she bound him with them. | |
| Judg 16:9 | וְהָאֹרֵ֗ב יֹשֵׁ֥ב לָהּ֙ בַּחֶ֔דֶר וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיְנַתֵּק֙ אֶת־הַיְתָרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִנָּתֵ֤ק פְּתִֽיל־הַנְּעֹ֙רֶת֙ בַּהֲרִיח֣וֹ אֵ֔שׁ וְלֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע כֹּחֽוֹ׃ | And an ambush was present in collusion with her in the room, and she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” But he broke the cords as one breaks a thread of hemp when one makes it touch fire, and the cause of his strength was not known. |
present ← sitting.
touch ← smell, but also, with [AnLx], touch. |
| Judg 16:10 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר דְּלִילָה֙ אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן הִנֵּה֙ הֵתַ֣לְתָּ בִּ֔י וַתְּדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֖י כְּזָבִ֑ים עַתָּה֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה תֵּאָסֵֽר׃ | Then Delilah said to Samson, “Look, you have mocked me, and you have told me lies. Now do tell me how you can be bound.” | |
| Judg 16:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אִם־אָס֤וֹר יַאַסְר֙וּנִי֙ בַּעֲבֹתִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בָהֶ֖ם מְלָאכָ֑ה וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּאַחַ֥ד הָאָדָֽם׃ | Then he said to her, “If indeed they bind me with new ropes with which no work has been done, then I will become weak and become like any other man.” |
indeed they bind: infinitive absolute.
any other man: see Judg 16:7. |
| Judg 16:12 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח דְּלִילָה֩ עֲבֹתִ֨ים חֲדָשִׁ֜ים וַתַּאַסְרֵ֣הוּ בָהֶ֗ם וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤ים עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן וְהָאֹרֵ֖ב יֹשֵׁ֣ב בֶּחָ֑דֶר וַֽיְנַתְּקֵ֛ם מֵעַ֥ל זְרֹעֹתָ֖יו כַּחֽוּט׃ | So Delilah took new ropes and bound him with them, and she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” And the ambush was present in the room, but he broke them from around his arms like a thread. |
present ← sitting.
a thread ← the thread. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 16:13 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר דְּלִילָ֜ה אֶל־שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן עַד־הֵ֜נָּה הֵתַ֤לְתָּ בִּי֙ וַתְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלַי֙ כְּזָבִ֔ים הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה תֵּאָסֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אִם־תַּאַרְגִ֗י אֶת־שֶׁ֛בַע מַחְלְפ֥וֹת רֹאשִׁ֖י עִם־הַמַּסָּֽכֶת׃ | Then Delilah said to Samson, “Up to now you have mocked me and told me lies. Tell me how you can be bound.” And he said to her, “If you weave the seven braids of my head with a web.” | a web ← the web. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 16:14 | וַתִּתְקַע֙ בַּיָּתֵ֔ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּיקַץ֙ מִשְּׁנָת֔וֹ וַיִּסַּ֛ע אֶת־הַיְתַ֥ד הָאֶ֖רֶג וְאֶת־הַמַּסָּֽכֶת׃ | She did so, and she fastened it with a peg. And she said to him, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” Then he awoke from his sleep and pulled out the peg for the woven work and the web. | |
| Judg 16:15 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אֵ֚יךְ תֹּאמַ֣ר אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ וְלִבְּךָ֖ אֵ֣ין אִתִּ֑י זֶ֣ה שָׁלֹ֤שׁ פְּעָמִים֙ הֵתַ֣לְתָּ בִּ֔י וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה כֹּחֲךָ֥ גָדֽוֹל׃ | Then she said to him, “How can you say, ‘I love you’, when your heart is not with me? That is three times you have mocked me and not told me what your great strength is due to.” | |
| Judg 16:16 | וַ֠יְהִי כִּֽי־הֵצִ֨יקָה לּ֧וֹ בִדְבָרֶ֛יהָ כָּל־הַיָּמִ֖ים וַתְּאַֽלֲצֵ֑הוּ וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ לָמֽוּת׃ | And it came to pass that she distressed him with her words every day, and she urged him, so that he was inwardly grieved to death. |
so that he was inwardly grieved ← and his soul was cut short. Purposive use of the vav.
to death ← to die. |
| Judg 16:17 | וַיַּגֶּד־לָ֣הּ אֶת־כָּל־לִבּ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מוֹרָה֙ לֹֽא־עָלָ֣ה עַל־רֹאשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־נְזִ֧יר אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֲנִ֖י מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמִּ֑י אִם־גֻּלַּ֙חְתִּי֙ וְסָ֣ר מִמֶּ֣נִּי כֹחִ֔י וְחָלִ֥יתִי וְהָיִ֖יתִי כְּכָל־הָאָדָֽם׃ | And he told her all his heart, and he said to her, “No razor has gone over my head, for I have been a Nazarite of God from my mother's womb. If I am shaved, then my strength will depart from me, and I will become weak, and I will become like any other man.” | any ← every. |
| Judg 16:18 | וַתֵּ֣רֶא דְלִילָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִגִּ֣יד לָהּ֮ אֶת־כָּל־לִבּוֹ֒ וַתִּשְׁלַ֡ח וַתִּקְרָא֩ לְסַרְנֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים לֵאמֹר֙ עֲל֣וּ הַפַּ֔עַם כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד *לה **לִ֖י אֶת־כָּל־לִבּ֑וֹ וְעָל֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיַּעֲל֥וּ הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּיָדָֽם׃ | And Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, and she sent word and called for the barons of the Philistines, and she said, {K: “Come up this time.” For he had told her all his heart.} [Q: “Come up this time, for he has told me all his heart.”] And the barons of the Philistines came up to her, and they brought up the silver in their hands. | hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:19 | וַתְּיַשְּׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־בִּרְכֶּ֔יהָ וַתִּקְרָ֣א לָאִ֔ישׁ וַתְּגַלַּ֕ח אֶת־שֶׁ֖בַע מַחְלְפ֣וֹת רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַתָּ֙חֶל֙ לְעַנּוֹת֔וֹ וַיָּ֥סַר כֹּח֖וֹ מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And she made him sleep on her knees, and she called for the man, and she had him shave the seven braids of his head, then she began to oppress him, and his strength departed from him. | |
| Judg 16:20 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר פְּלִשְׁתִּ֥ים עָלֶ֖יךָ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּקַ֣ץ מִשְּׁנָת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵצֵ֞א כְּפַ֤עַם בְּפַ֙עַם֙ וְאִנָּעֵ֔ר וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה סָ֥ר מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And she said, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” And he awoke from his sleep, and he said, “I will go out as at other times and rouse myself.” But he did not know that the Lord had departed from him. | |
| Judg 16:21 | וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּהוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיְנַקְּר֖וּ אֶת־עֵינָ֑יו וַיּוֹרִ֨ידוּ אוֹת֜וֹ עַזָּ֗תָה וַיַּאַסְר֙וּהוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם וַיְהִ֥י טוֹחֵ֖ן בְּבֵ֥ית *האסירים **הָאֲסוּרִֽים׃ | Then the Philistines seized him, and they gouged out his eyes, and they brought him down to Gaza, and they bound him in fetters, and he became a millstone worker in the prison. |
prison: the ketiv is house of prisoners; the qeré is house of imprisoned (ones).
millstone worker ← grinder. |
| Judg 16:22 | וַיָּ֧חֶל שְׂעַר־רֹאשׁ֛וֹ לְצַמֵּ֖חַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר גֻּלָּֽח׃ פ | And the hair of his head began to grow after he had been shaven. | |
| Judg 16:23 | וְסַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים נֶֽאֱסְפוּ֙ לִזְבֹּ֧חַ זֶֽבַח־גָּד֛וֹל לְדָג֥וֹן אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נָתַ֤ן אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּיָדֵ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת שִׁמְשׁ֥וֹן אוֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the barons of the Philistines gathered to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon their god, and for rejoicing, and they said, “Our god has delivered Samson our enemy into our hands.” |
offer ← sacrifice.
hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:24 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְהַלְל֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ בְיָדֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔נוּ וְאֵת֙ מַחֲרִ֣יב אַרְצֵ֔נוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִרְבָּ֖ה אֶת־חֲלָלֵֽינוּ׃ |
And the people saw him, and they praised their god, for they said,
“Our god has delivered our enemy into our hands – The one who made our land desolate And who increased the number of our casualties.” |
hands ← hand. |
| Judg 16:25 | וַֽיְהִי֙ *כי *טוב **כְּט֣וֹב לִבָּ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ קִרְא֥וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן וִישַֽׂחֶק־לָ֑נוּ וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן מִבֵּ֣ית *האסירים **הָאֲסוּרִ֗ים וַיְצַחֵק֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲמִ֥ידוּ אוֹת֖וֹ בֵּ֥ין הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | And it came to pass, {K: because} [Q: when] their heart was cheerful, that they said, “Call for Samson, and he will be sport for us.” So they called for Samson from prison, and he was sport before them, and they placed him between the columns. |
prison: see Judg 16:21.
be sport ... was sport: different but similar sounding verbs. |
| Judg 16:26 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶל־הַנַּ֨עַר הַמַּחֲזִ֣יק בְּיָדוֹ֮ הַנִּ֣יחָה אוֹתִי֒ *והימשני **וַהֲמִשֵׁ֙נִי֙ אֶת־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶשָּׁעֵ֖ן עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Samson said to the boy who held him by the hand, “Let me feel the columns by which the building is held up, so that I can lean on them.” | feel: the ketiv is from a verb cognate to that of the qeré. |
| Judg 16:27 | וְהַבַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֤א הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וְהַנָּשִׁ֔ים וְשָׁ֕מָּה כֹּ֖ל סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַל־הַגָּ֗ג כִּשְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה הָרֹאִ֖ים בִּשְׂח֥וֹק שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃ | And the building was full of men and women, and all the barons of the Philistines were there, and there were about three thousand men and women on the roof, watching the sport with Samson. | sport with ← sport of. |
| Judg 16:28 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֡ה זָכְרֵ֣נִי נָא֩ וְחַזְּקֵ֨נִי נָ֜א אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֤עַם הַזֶּה֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה נְקַם־אַחַ֛ת מִשְּׁתֵ֥י עֵינַ֖י מִפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And Samson called out to the Lord, and he said, “My Lord the Lord, do remember me and strengthen me just this once, O God, so that I will be avenged with one act of vengeance on the Philistines for my two eyes.” | |
| Judg 16:29 | וַיִּלְפֹּ֨ת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ עַמּוּדֵ֣י הַתָּ֗וֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַבַּ֙יִת֙ נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּסָּמֵ֖ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם אֶחָ֥ד בִּימִינ֖וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד בִּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ | And Samson took hold round the two central columns to which the building fixed, and he exerted force against them, one by his right hand, and one by his left hand. |
took hold round: with his hands widely opened, we suggest.
he exerted force against them ← rested heavily on. Or, with AV's sense, by which it was held up. So AV differs. The ↴ |
| Judg 16:30 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן תָּמ֣וֹת נַפְשִׁי֮ עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֒ וַיֵּ֣ט בְּכֹ֔חַ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַל־הַסְּרָנִ֔ים וְעַל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וַיִּהְי֤וּ הַמֵּתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵמִ֣ית בְּמוֹת֔וֹ רַבִּ֕ים מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵמִ֖ית בְּחַיָּֽיו׃ | And Samson said, “I myself will die with the Philistines.” And he stretched out in strength, and the building fell on the barons and on all the people in it, and those who died – whom he killed in his death – were more than those whom he killed in his life. |
↳ root meanings are leaning and supporting.
I myself ← my soul. |
| Judg 16:31 | וַיֵּרְד֨וּ אֶחָ֜יו וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיהוּ֮ וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אוֹת֗וֹ בֵּ֤ין צָרְעָה֙ וּבֵ֣ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹ֔ל בְּקֶ֖בֶר מָנ֣וֹחַ אָבִ֑יו וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | Then his brothers and the whole household of his father went down and took him and brought him up, and they buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the grave of Manoah his father. And he had judged Israel for twenty years. | |
| Judg 17:1 | וַֽיְהִי־אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽהַר־אֶפְרָ֖יִם וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃ | Now there was a man from Mount Ephraim, and his name was Micah. | Micah ← Micayehu, the AV / traditional English name being the short form here. In Judg 17:5 the short form is used in the Hebrew. |
| Judg 17:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִמּ֡וֹ אֶלֶף֩ וּמֵאָ֨ה הַכֶּ֜סֶף אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֻֽקַּֽח־לָ֗ךְ *ואתי **וְאַ֤תְּ אָלִית֙ וְגַם֙ אָמַ֣רְתְּ בְּאָזְנַ֔י הִנֵּֽה־הַכֶּ֥סֶף אִתִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י לְקַחְתִּ֑יו וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִמּ֔וֹ בָּר֥וּךְ בְּנִ֖י לַיהוָֽה׃ | And he said to his mother, “Regarding the one thousand one hundred pieces of silver which were taken from you, when you then cursed and also spoke in my ears: here is the silver; I have it with me – I took it.” And his mother said, “Blessed are you, my son, by the Lord.” |
you: the ketiv is an Aramaic form of the qeré.
here is ← behold. |
| Judg 17:3 | וַיָּ֛שֶׁב אֶת־אֶֽלֶף־וּמֵאָ֥ה הַכֶּ֖סֶף לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִמּ֡וֹ הַקְדֵּ֣שׁ הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף֩ לַיהוָ֨ה מִיָּדִ֜י לִבְנִ֗י לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ פֶּ֣סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֔ה וְעַתָּ֖ה אֲשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לָֽךְ׃ | And he gave the one thousand one hundred pieces of silver back to his mother, and his mother said, “I had specifically dedicated the silver to the Lord from my own resources for my son, to make an engraved image and a cast image. But now I will give it back to you.” |
I had specifically dedicated: infinitive absolute. More literally, to sanctify I had sanctified.
resources ← hand. |
| Judg 17:4 | וַיָּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתִּקַּ֣ח אִמּוֹ֩ מָאתַ֨יִם כֶּ֜סֶף וַתִּתְּנֵ֣הוּ לַצּוֹרֵ֗ף וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ פֶּ֣סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֔ה וַיְהִ֖י בְּבֵ֥ית מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃ | But he returned the silver to his mother. And his mother took two hundred pieces of silver, and she gave them to the silversmith, and he made them into an engraved image and a cast image, and they were in Micah's house. | silversmith ← refiner, but also a worker in precious metals generally. |
| Judg 17:5 | וְהָאִ֣ישׁ מִיכָ֔ה ל֖וֹ בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֵפוֹד֙ וּתְרָפִ֔ים וַיְמַלֵּ֗א אֶת־יַ֤ד אַחַד֙ מִבָּנָ֔יו וַיְהִי־ל֖וֹ לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And the man Micah had a house of gods, and he made an ephod and amulets, and he appointed one of his sons to be his priest. |
amulets: see Gen 31:19.
appointed ← filled the hand of. |
| Judg 17:6 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ פ | In those days there was no king in Israel – each man did what was right in his own eyes. | each man did what was right in his own eyes: a very negative statement. Compare Deut 12:18, Judg 21:25, Prov 16:2, Prov 26:12 and an extreme case in Judg 19:24. |
| Judg 17:7 | וַיְהִי־נַ֗עַר מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת יְהוּדָ֑ה וְה֥וּא לֵוִ֖י וְה֥וּא גָֽר־שָֽׁם׃ | And there was a lad from Bethlehem-Judah of the family of Judah, and he was a Levite, and he was staying there. |
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19.
of the family of Judah: perhaps referring the Bethlehem rather than the lad, as one could not be both ↴ |
| Judg 17:8 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הָאִ֜ישׁ מֵהָעִ֗יר מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה לָג֖וּר בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִמְצָ֑א וַיָּבֹ֧א הַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם עַד־בֵּ֥ית מִיכָ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ | And the man went from the city – from Bethlehem-Judah – to stay wherever he could find a livelihood, and he came to Mount Ephraim, to Micah's house, in making his way. |
↳ a Levite and of the tribe of Judah, paternally at least.
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 17:9 | וַיֹּאמֶר־ל֥וֹ מִיכָ֖ה מֵאַ֣יִן תָּב֑וֹא וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו לֵוִ֣י אָנֹ֗כִי מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאָנֹכִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ לָג֖וּר בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָֽא׃ | And Micah asked him, “Where have you come from?” And he said to him, “I am a Levite from Bethlehem-Judah, and I am moving around to stay wherever I find a livelihood.” | Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 17:10 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ מִיכָ֜ה שְׁבָ֣ה עִמָּדִ֗י וֶֽהְיֵה־לִי֮ לְאָ֣ב וּלְכֹהֵן֒ וְאָנֹכִ֨י אֶֽתֶּן־לְךָ֜ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לַיָּמִ֔ים וְעֵ֥רֶךְ בְּגָדִ֖ים וּמִחְיָתֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הַלֵּוִֽי׃ | Then Micah said to him, “Stay with me and be a father and a priest to me, and I will give you ten pieces of silver per year and a suit of clothes and your food.” And the Levite went in. |
father: in a religious sense. The roles are the opposite in an everyday sense in the next verse.
per year ← for the days. |
| Judg 17:11 | וַיּ֥וֹאֶל הַלֵּוִ֖י לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיְהִ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ ל֔וֹ כְּאַחַ֖ד מִבָּנָֽיו׃ | And the Levite was willing to stay with the man, and the lad became to him like one of his sons. | |
| Judg 17:12 | וַיְמַלֵּ֤א מִיכָה֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד הַלֵּוִ֔י וַיְהִי־ל֥וֹ הַנַּ֖עַר לְכֹהֵ֑ן וַיְהִ֖י בְּבֵ֥ית מִיכָֽה׃ | And Micah appointed the Levite, and the lad became his priest, and he was in Micah's house. | appointed ← filled the hand of. |
| Judg 17:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔ה עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־יֵיטִ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה לִ֑י כִּ֧י הָיָה־לִ֛י הַלֵּוִ֖י לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And Micah said, “Now I know that the Lord will be favourable to me, because I have the Levite as a priest.” | |
| Judg 18:1 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם שֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֞י מְבַקֶּשׁ־ל֤וֹ נַֽחֲלָה֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת כִּי֩ לֹֽא־נָ֨פְלָה לּ֜וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא בְּתוֹךְ־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּנַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | In those days there was no king in Israel, and in those days the Danite tribe was looking for an inheritance to dwell in, because up to that time no inheritance had fallen to it among the tribes of Israel. |
time ← day.
no inheritance ← no (thing) in inheritance. |
| Judg 18:2 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵי־דָ֣ן ׀ מִֽמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּ֡ם חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֣ים מִקְצוֹתָם֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵי־חַ֜יִל מִצָּרְעָ֣ה וּמֵֽאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֗ל לְרַגֵּ֤ל אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּלְחָקְרָ֔הּ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֖וּ חִקְר֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And the sons of Dan sent five men from their family – from their borders, valiant men – from Zorah and Eshtaol to spy out the land and to search it out, and they said to them, “Go and search out the land.” And they came to Mount Ephraim, to Micah's house, and they lodged there. | |
| Judg 18:3 | הֵ֚מָּה עִם־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה הִכִּ֔ירוּ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הַנַּ֖עַר הַלֵּוִ֑י וַיָּס֣וּרוּ שָׁ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ מִֽי־הֱבִיאֲךָ֣ הֲלֹ֔ם וּמָֽה־אַתָּ֥ה עֹשֶׂ֛ה בָּזֶ֖ה וּמַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹֽה׃ | They were with Micah's household, and they recognized the voice of the Levite lad, and they went aside there and said to him, “Who brought you here, and what are you doing in this place, and what is your business here?” | |
| Judg 18:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כָּזֹ֣ה וְכָזֶ֔ה עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י מִיכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׂכְּרֵ֕נִי וָאֱהִי־ל֖וֹ לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And he said to them, “Micah offered me this and that and hired me, and I became his priest.” | offered me this and that ← did for me like this and like this. |
| Judg 18:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ שְׁאַל־נָ֣א בֵאלֹהִ֑ים וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה הֲתַצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכֵּ֔נוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנַ֖חְנוּ הֹלְכִ֥ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | Then they said to him, “Kindly ask God so that we may know whether our way on which we are going will be prosperous.” | |
| Judg 18:6 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לְכ֣וּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם נֹ֣כַח יְהוָ֔ה דַּרְכְּכֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃ פ | And the priest said to them, “Go in peace. Your way on which you are going is before the Lord.” | |
| Judg 18:7 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לָ֑יְשָׁה וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ יוֹשֶֽׁבֶת־לָ֠בֶטַח כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט צִדֹנִ֜ים שֹׁקֵ֣ט ׀ וּבֹטֵ֗חַ וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים דָּבָ֤ר בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ יוֹרֵ֣שׁ עֶ֔צֶר וּרְחֹקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם עִם־אָדָֽם׃ | And the five men departed, and they came to Laish, and they saw the people inside it, dwelling in security, in the manner of the Sidonians, being quiet and secure, with no-one who possessed authority accusing anyone of any shame in the land. Now they were far from the Sidonians, and they had no business with any man. | Sidonians (2x): see Gen 10:15. Here, AV= Zidonians. |
| Judg 18:8 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם צָרְעָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם מָ֥ה אַתֶּֽם׃ | Then they went back to their brothers in Zorah and Eshtaol, and their brothers said to them, “What news have you?” | went ← came. |
| Judg 18:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ ק֚וּמָה וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֤י רָאִ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד וְאַתֶּ֣ם מַחְשִׁ֔ים אַל־תֵּעָ֣צְל֔וּ לָלֶ֥כֶת לָבֹ֖א לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And they said, “Arise, and let us go up against them, for we have seen the land, and we have seen that it is very good. But you are silent. Do not be slack in going to enter in and to take possession of the land. |
we have seen that ← behold.
in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 18:10 | כְּבֹאֲכֶ֞ם תָּבֹ֣אוּ ׀ אֶל־עַ֣ם בֹּטֵ֗חַ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רַחֲבַ֣ת יָדַ֔יִם כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥הּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם מָקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֣ם מַחְס֔וֹר כָּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | As you arrive, you will come to a self-confident people. And the land is very wide, for God has delivered it into your hands – a place where there is no lack of anything in the land.” |
very wide ← wide of hands.
hands ← hand. anything ← everything. |
| Judg 18:11 | וַיִּסְע֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַדָּנִ֔י מִצָּרְעָ֖ה וּמֵאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ חָג֖וּר כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | Then six hundred men of the Danite family, girded with weapons of war, moved from there – from Zorah and Eshtaol – | |
| Judg 18:12 | וַֽיַּעֲל֗וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בְּקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִ֖ים בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן קָרְאוּ֩ לַמָּק֨וֹם הַה֜וּא מַחֲנֵה־דָ֗ן עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הִנֵּ֕ה אַחֲרֵ֖י קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | and they went up and encamped at Kiriath-Jearim in Judah, which is why they call that place Mahaneh-Dan up to this day. Its location is behind Kiriath-Jearim. |
Kiriath-Jearim (2x): see Josh 9:17.
Mahaneh-Dan: i.e. Camp of Dan. its location is ← behold. |
| Judg 18:13 | וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ מִשָּׁ֖ם הַר־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־בֵּ֥ית מִיכָֽה׃ | And they crossed from there to Mount Ephraim, and they went up to Micah's house. | |
| Judg 18:14 | וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּל֮ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ לַיִשׁ֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם הַיְדַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֠י יֵ֣שׁ בַּבָּתִּ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵפ֣וֹד וּתְרָפִ֔ים וּפֶ֖סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֖ה דְּע֥וּ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | Then the five men who had gone to spy out the land of Laish spoke and said to their brothers, “Did you know that there is an ephod and amulets in these houses, and an engraved image and a cast image? So now, decide what you are going to do.” |
spoke ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Gen 18:27, Gen 31:36.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. decide ← know. |
| Judg 18:15 | וַיָּס֣וּרוּ שָׁ֔מָּה וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ אֶל־בֵּֽית־הַנַּ֥עַר הַלֵּוִ֖י בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ־ל֖וֹ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then they turned aside to there, and they went to the house of the Levite lad – to Micah's house – and they asked him how he was. | how he was ← about peace. |
| Judg 18:16 | וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ חֲגוּרִים֙ כְּלֵ֣י מִלְחַמְתָּ֔ם נִצָּבִ֖ים פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִבְּנֵי־דָֽן׃ | And the six hundred men, girded with their weapons of war, who were from the sons of Dan, stood at the entrance of the gate. | |
| Judg 18:17 | וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַהֹלְכִים֮ לְרַגֵּ֣ל אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔מָּה לָקְח֗וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמַּסֵּכָ֑ה וְהַכֹּהֵ֗ן נִצָּב֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת הָאִ֔ישׁ הֶחָג֖וּר כְּלֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And the five men who had gone to spy out the land went up and went in there. They took the engraved image and the ephod and the amulets and the cast image, while the priest stood at the entrance of the gate, with the six hundred men girded with weapons of war. | amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Judg 18:18 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־פֶּ֣סֶל הָאֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמַּסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן מָ֥ה אַתֶּ֖ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | So these men went to Micah's house, and they took the engraved image, the ephod and the amulets and the cast image. And the priest said to them, “What are you doing?” |
the engraved image, the ephod: MT punctuation suggests the engraved image of the ephod, but that is hardly consistent with the rest of the narrative.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| Judg 18:19 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ ל֨וֹ הַחֲרֵ֜שׁ שִֽׂים־יָדְךָ֤ עַל־פִּ֙יךָ֙ וְלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔נוּ וֶֽהְיֵה־לָ֖נוּ לְאָ֣ב וּלְכֹהֵ֑ן הֲט֣וֹב ׀ הֱיוֹתְךָ֣ כֹהֵ֗ן לְבֵית֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד א֚וֹ הֱיוֹתְךָ֣ כֹהֵ֔ן לְשֵׁ֥בֶט וּלְמִשְׁפָּחָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they said to him, “Be silent, and put your hand to your mouth, and come with us, and be a father and a priest to us. Is it better for you to be a priest to the house of one man or for you to be a priest to a tribe and family in Israel?” | |
| Judg 18:20 | וַיִּיטַב֙ לֵ֣ב הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֵפ֔וֹד וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַפָּ֑סֶל וַיָּבֹ֖א בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָעָֽם׃ | Then the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod and the amulets and the engraved image, and he went among the people. |
amulets: see Gen 31:19.
he went among ← he entered into the midst of. |
| Judg 18:21 | וַיִּפְנ֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ אֶת־הַטַּ֧ף וְאֶת־הַמִּקְנֶ֛ה וְאֶת־הַכְּבוּדָּ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then they turned around and departed, and they put the little ones and the cattle and the precious things before them. | precious things: AV differs (carriage, i.e. goods). |
| Judg 18:22 | הֵ֥מָּה הִרְחִ֖יקוּ מִבֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֑ה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עִם־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה נִֽזְעֲק֔וּ וַיַּדְבִּ֖יקוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָֽן׃ | When they had moved away from Micah's house, the men who were in the houses which were associated with Micah's house mobilized themselves and caught up with the sons of Dan. | mobilized themselves ← were called out, or called themselves out. Micah goes with the men (next verse). |
| Judg 18:23 | וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן וַיַּסֵּ֖בּוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְמִיכָ֔ה מַה־לְּךָ֖ כִּ֥י נִזְעָֽקְתָּ׃ | And they called out to the sons of Dan, who turned round and said to Micah, “What is the matter with you that you should mobilize yourself like this?” |
turned round ← turned their faces.
mobilize yourself: see Judg 18:22. |
| Judg 18:24 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר אֶת־אֱלֹהַי֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֨יתִי לְקַחְתֶּ֧ם וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֛ן וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ וּמַה־לִּ֣י ע֑וֹד וּמַה־זֶּ֛ה תֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלַ֖י מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And he said, “You have taken my gods which I made, and the priest, and you have departed. So what remains for me, and what is this that you say to me, ‘What is the matter with you?’?” |
remains ← (is) still.
what ... what: two questions asked, nested. Compare Judg 9:38. |
| Judg 18:25 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן אַל־תַּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלְךָ֖ עִמָּ֑נוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֣וּ בָכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁים֙ מָ֣רֵי נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֥ה נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃ | And the sons of Dan said to him, “Do not let your voice be heard with us in case any embittered men attack you and you gather yourself and the people of your household with the dead.” |
embittered ← bitter of soul.
you gather yourself and the people of your household ← you gather your soul and the soul of your household. |
| Judg 18:26 | וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּ֣רְא מִיכָ֗ה כִּי־חֲזָקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וַיִּ֖פֶן וַיָּ֥שָׁב אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | Then the sons of Dan went their way and Micah saw that they were stronger than he, so he turned round and went back to his house. | |
| Judg 18:27 | וְהֵ֨מָּה לָקְח֜וּ אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מִיכָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָה־לוֹ֒ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ עַל־לַ֗יִשׁ עַל־עַם֙ שֹׁקֵ֣ט וּבֹטֵ֔חַ וַיַּכּ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ם לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | So they took what Micah had had made, and the priest whom he had, and they came to Laish, to a quiet and self-confident people, and they struck them down with the edge of the sword, and they burnt the city with fire. | had had made ← had made. Causative use; compare Ex 32:4, Ex 32:35. Num 19:3. |
| Judg 18:28 | וְאֵ֨ין מַצִּ֜יל כִּ֧י רְֽחוֹקָה־הִ֣יא מִצִּיד֗וֹן וְדָבָ֤ר אֵין־לָהֶם֙ עִם־אָדָ֔ם וְהִ֕יא בָּעֵ֖מֶק אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־רְח֑וֹב וַיִּבְנ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with any man, and it was in the valley which belongs to Beth-Rehob. Then they built up the city and dwelt in it. | Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Judg 18:29 | וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ שֵׁם־הָעִיר֙ דָּ֔ן בְּשֵׁם֙ דָּ֣ן אֲבִיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוּלַּ֖ד לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם לַ֥יִשׁ שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | And they called the city Dan after their father Dan who was born to Israel, but the name of the city at first was Laish. | after ← in the name of. |
| Judg 18:30 | וַיָּקִ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן אֶת־הַפָּ֑סֶל וִ֠יהוֹנָתָן בֶּן־גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה ה֣וּא וּבָנָ֗יו הָי֤וּ כֹהֲנִים֙ לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֔י עַד־י֖וֹם גְּל֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the sons of Dan set up the engraved image for themselves, whilst Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh – he and his sons – became priests to the Danite tribe up to the day when the land became captive. | Jonathan ← Jehonathan, but elsewhere it is often just Jonathan. |
| Judg 18:31 | וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל מִיכָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה כָּל־יְמֵ֛י הֱי֥וֹת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ | And they set up for themselves Micah's engraved image which he had had made for all the time when the house of God was in Shiloh. |
he had had made ← he made. Causative sense, and pluperfect tense, inferred.
time ← days. |
| Judg 19:1 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a Levite man staying on the far side of Mount Ephraim, and he took for himself a concubine woman from Bethlehem-Judah. | Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 19:2 | וַתִּזְנֶ֤ה עָלָיו֙ פִּֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֕ם יָמִ֖ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And his concubine played the harlot on him, and she went from him to her father's house, to Bethlehem-Judah, and she was there for a year and four months. |
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19.
a year and four months ← days, four months. Compare Judg 17:10 where we take days to mean a year, and 1 Sam 27:7, which reads days and four months. Alternatively, the sense here ↴ |
| Judg 19:3 | וַיָּ֨קָם אִישָׁ֜הּ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַחֲרֶ֗יהָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עַל־לִבָּהּ֙ *להשיבו **לַהֲשִׁיבָ֔הּ וְנַעֲר֥וֹ עִמּ֖וֹ וְצֶ֣מֶד חֲמֹרִ֑ים וַתְּבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ וַיִּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֖ח לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃ | Then her husband-as-it-were arose and went after her to speak kindly to her, {Q: to bring her back} [K: to bring him back], and his servant-lad was with him, with a pair of donkeys. And she brought him into her father's house, and when the young lady's father saw him, he was pleased at meeting him. |
↳ is a period of four months, as AV. So AV differs.
The ketiv could be an older usage where the masculine pronoun does duty for both genders. to speak kindly to her ← to speak on her heart. |
| Judg 19:4 | וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And his father-in-law as it were – the father of the young lady – prevailed upon him, and he stayed with him for three days, and they ate and drank, and they lodged there. | |
| Judg 19:5 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֔י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֥ימוּ בַבֹּ֖קֶר וַיָּ֣קָם לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֲבִ֨י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֜ה אֶל־חֲתָנ֗וֹ סְעָ֧ד לִבְּךָ֛ פַּת־לֶ֖חֶם וְאַחַ֥ר תֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | And it came to pass on the fourth day that they got up early, and he arose to go, but the father of the young lady said to his son-in-law, “Refresh your heart with a bit of food, and afterwards you can go.” | food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Judg 19:6 | וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ וַיֹּאכְל֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וַיִּשְׁתּ֑וּ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֲבִ֤י הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ הֽוֹאֶל־נָ֥א וְלִ֖ין וְיִטַ֥ב לִבֶּֽךָ׃ | So they stayed and ate – both of them together – and they drank, and the father of the young lady said to the man, “Please be willing to lodge and let your heart be cheerful.” | |
| Judg 19:7 | וַיָּ֥קָם הָאִ֖ישׁ לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיִּפְצַר־בּוֹ֙ חֹתְנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּ֥לֶן שָֽׁם׃ | But the man got up to go, but his father-in-law put pressure on him, and he lodged there again. | |
| Judg 19:8 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם בַּבֹּ֜קֶר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי֮ לָלֶכֶת֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה סְעָד־נָא֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ וְהִֽתְמַהְמְה֖וּ עַד־נְט֣וֹת הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he arose early to go on the fifth day, but the father of the young lady said, “Do refresh your heart. And they tarried until the day turned noon.” And the two of them ate. | the day turned noon ← the declining of the day. |
| Judg 19:9 | וַיָּ֤קָם הָאִישׁ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת ה֥וּא וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ וְנַעֲר֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֣וֹ חֹתְנ֣וֹ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה נָא֩ רָפָ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם לַעֲרֹ֗ב לִֽינוּ־נָ֞א הִנֵּ֨ה חֲנ֤וֹת הַיּוֹם֙ לִ֥ין פֹּה֙ וְיִיטַ֣ב לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְדַרְכְּכֶ֔ם וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ׃ | Then the man got up to go – he and his concubine and his servant-lad – but his father-in-law, the father of the young lady, said to him, “Look, the day is declining so as to draw towards evening. Please lodge; see how the day is drawing in. Lodge here, and let your heart be cheerful, and get up early tomorrow for your journey, and go to your tent.” | look ← look, please. |
| Judg 19:10 | וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ לָל֔וּן וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־נֹ֣כַח יְב֔וּס הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעִמּ֗וֹ צֶ֤מֶד חֲמוֹרִים֙ חֲבוּשִׁ֔ים וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | But the man was not willing to lodge, and he got up and departed and came to opposite Jebus – that is Jerusalem – and with him were the pair of donkeys, saddled, and his concubine was also with him. | |
| Judg 19:11 | הֵ֣ם עִם־יְב֔וּס וְהַיּ֖וֹם רַ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַנַּ֜עַר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֗יו לְכָה־נָּ֛א וְנָס֛וּרָה אֶל־עִֽיר־הַיְבוּסִ֥י הַזֹּ֖את וְנָלִ֥ין בָּֽהּ׃ | They were near Jebus when the day was very much in decline, and the servant-lad said to his master, “Please go and let us turn aside to this city of the Jebusites and lodge in it.” | near ← with. |
| Judg 19:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃ | But his master said to him, “We will not turn aside to a foreigner's city where there aren't any sons of Israel, but we will cross to Gibeah.” | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ לְךָ֥ וְנִקְרְבָ֖ה בְּאַחַ֣ד הַמְּקֹמ֑וֹת וְלַ֥נּוּ בַגִּבְעָ֖ה א֥וֹ בָרָמָֽה׃ | And he said to his servant-lad, “Come, and we will approach one of the places, and we will lodge in Gibeah or in Ramah.” | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:14 | וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתָּבֹ֤א לָהֶם֙ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ אֵ֥צֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ | Then they crossed over, and they proceeded, and the sun set on them beside Gibeah, which is Benjamin's. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. Here, the Gibeah. |
| Judg 19:15 | וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ שָׁ֔ם לָב֖וֹא לָל֣וּן בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֗א וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֥ין אִ֛ישׁ מְאַסֵּֽף־אוֹתָ֥ם הַבַּ֖יְתָה לָלֽוּן׃ | And they turned aside there to go and lodge in Gibeah. When he arrived there, he sat in a city street, for no-one would receive them indoors to lodge. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:16 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃ | Now there was an old man coming from his work – from the field – in the evening, and the man was from Mount Ephraim, and he was staying in Gibeah, but the men of the place were Benjaminites. |
there was: behold.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 19:17 | וַיִּשָּׂ֣א עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֛רְא אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הָאֹרֵ֖חַ בִּרְחֹ֣ב הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֧ישׁ הַזָּקֵ֛ן אָ֥נָה תֵלֵ֖ךְ וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֽוֹא׃ | And he raised his eyes, and he saw the traveller in a city street, and the old man said, “Where are you going, and where do you come from?” | traveller ← travelling man. |
| Judg 19:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ | And he said to him, “We are crossing from Bethlehem-Judah to the far side of Mount Ephraim. I am from there. And I went to Bethlehem-Judah, and I am going to the house of the Lord, but no-one will receive me in their house. | Bethlehem-Judah (2x): see Gen 35:19. |
| Judg 19:19 | וְגַם־תֶּ֤בֶן גַּם־מִסְפּוֹא֙ יֵ֣שׁ לַחֲמוֹרֵ֔ינוּ וְ֠גַם לֶ֣חֶם וָיַ֤יִן יֶשׁ־לִי֙ וְלַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְלַנַּ֖עַר עִם־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֵ֥ין מַחְס֖וֹר כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃ | Yet we have not only straw and also fodder for our donkeys, but I also have bread and wine, including for your maidservant and the servant-lad, whom you can reckon with your servants. There is no lack of anything.” |
not only ... and also ... but ... also ← and also ... also ... and also.
your servants: Micah politely calls his concubine and his servant “servants” of the old man. anything ← everything. |
| Judg 19:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזָּקֵן֙ שָׁל֣וֹם לָ֔ךְ רַ֥ק כָּל־מַחְסוֹרְךָ֖ עָלָ֑י רַ֥ק בָּרְח֖וֹב אַל־תָּלַֽן׃ | And the old man said, “Peace to you. Only let all your needs be my responsibility, and do not lodge in the street.” |
my responsibility ← on me.
and ← only. |
| Judg 19:21 | וַיְבִיאֵ֣הוּ לְבֵית֔וֹ וַיָּ֖בָול לַחֲמוֹרִ֑ים וַֽיִּרְחֲצוּ֙ רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | And he brought him into his house, and he fed the donkeys, and they washed their feet, and they ate and drank. | fed: other editions have ketiv= וַיָּבוֹל, qeré= וַיָּבָל, from בלל, where the ketiv has rare long vowel in the vav consecutive form of essentially the same word. |
| Judg 19:22 | הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃ | While they were making their hearts merry, what happened was some men of the city – good-for-nothing men – surrounded the house, and they knocked on the door and spoke to the old man who was master of the house, and they said, “Bring out the man who went into your house so that we may know him.” |
hearts ← heart.
what happened was ← behold. good-for-nothing men ← sons of without use. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 19:23 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔י אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And the man who was master of the house came out and said to them, “No, my brothers, please do not act wickedly, because this man has come into my house. Do not do this disgraceful thing. | |
| Judg 19:24 | הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה וּפִֽילַגְשֵׁ֗הוּ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Here is my virgin daughter, and this man's concubine. Let me bring them out. Then rape them and do to them what is right in your eyes, but do not do this immoral thing to this man.” |
here is ← behold.
this man's ← his. immoral thing ← thing of immorality, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Judg 19:25 | וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ *בעלות **כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ | But the men were not willing to listen to him, and the man took hold of his concubine and brought her outside to them, and they knew her, and they abused her all night until morning, and they let her go {K: when dawn came} [Q: as dawn was coming]. | |
| Judg 19:26 | וַתָּבֹ֥א הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לִפְנ֣וֹת הַבֹּ֑קֶר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל פֶּ֧תַח בֵּית־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֲדוֹנֶ֥יהָ שָּׁ֖ם עַד־הָאֽוֹר׃ | And the woman came at daybreak and fell down at the door of the house of the man where her master was, until daylight. | |
| Judg 19:27 | וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּפְתַּח֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֵּצֵ֖א לָלֶ֣כֶת לְדַרְכּ֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֣ה פִֽילַגְשׁ֗וֹ נֹפֶ֙לֶת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֔יִת וְיָדֶ֖יהָ עַל־הַסַּֽף׃ | And her master rose in the morning and opened the doors of the house and went out to go his way, and what he saw was the woman who was his concubine fallen down at the entrance to the house with her hands on the threshold. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| Judg 19:28 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ ק֥וּמִי וְנֵלֵ֖כָה וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַיִּקָּחֶ֙הָ֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַיָּ֣קָם הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | And he said to her, “Get up and let's go.” But no-one answered. Then he took her on his donkey. Then the man got up and went back home. | back home ← to his place. |
| Judg 19:29 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־בֵּית֗וֹ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֙לֶת֙ וַיַּחֲזֵ֣ק בְּפִֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַֽיְנַתְּחֶ֙הָ֙ לַעֲצָמֶ֔יהָ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר נְתָחִ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And when he came to his house, he took a knife, and he took hold of his concubine, and he cut her in pieces by her bones – into twelve pieces – and he dispersed her into every territory of Israel. |
a knife ← the knife. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
dispersed ← sent. territory ← border. |
| Judg 19:30 | וְהָיָ֣ה כָל־הָרֹאֶ֗ה וְאָמַר֙ לֹֽא־נִהְיְתָ֤ה וְלֹֽא־נִרְאֲתָה֙ כָּזֹ֔את לְמִיּ֞וֹם עֲל֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִֽׂימוּ־לָכֶ֥ם עָלֶ֖יהָ עֻ֥צוּ וְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ פ | And it came to pass that everyone who saw it said, “Nothing like this has happened or has been seen from the day the sons of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt, up to this day. Consider it, deliberate, and speak out.” | |
| Judg 20:1 | וַיֵּצְאוּ֮ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַתִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעֵדָ֜ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד לְמִדָּן֙ וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע וְאֶ֖רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | Then all the sons of Israel went out, and the congregation assembled in unanimity from Dan to Beersheba and the land of Gilead, to the Lord in Mizpah. |
in unanimity ← as one man.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 20:2 | וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֞וּ פִּנּ֣וֹת כָּל־הָעָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּקְהַ֖ל עַ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֥ישׁ רַגְלִ֖י שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃ פ | And the key men of all the people – of all the tribes of Israel – stood up in the convocation of the people of God, four hundred thousand infantrymen who drew the sword. | key men ← corners. |
| Judg 20:3 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Now the sons of Benjamin heard that the sons of Israel had gone up to Mizpah. And the sons of Israel said, “Explain how this wickedness came about.” |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
explain ← speak. |
| Judg 20:4 | וַיַּ֜עַן הָאִ֣ישׁ הַלֵּוִ֗י אִ֛ישׁ הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַגִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּ֛אתִי אֲנִ֥י וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י לָלֽוּן׃ | And the Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, answered and said, “I and my concubine arrived in Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin, to lodge there. |
the Levite ← the Levite man, the subject of the previous chapter.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:5 | וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ עָלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ עָלַ֛י אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת לָ֑יְלָה אוֹתִי֙ דִּמּ֣וּ לַהֲרֹ֔ג וְאֶת־פִּילַגְשִׁ֥י עִנּ֖וּ וַתָּמֹֽת׃ | And the inhabitants of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house on me by night. They intended to kill me, and they raped my concubine, and she died. |
inhabitants ← masters, owners.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:6 | וָֽאֹחֵ֤ז בְּפִֽילַגְשִׁי֙ וָֽאֲנַתְּחֶ֔הָ וָֽאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכָל־שְׂדֵ֖ה נַחֲלַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י עָשׂ֛וּ זִמָּ֥ה וּנְבָלָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So I took hold of my concubine, and I cut her in pieces, and I dispersed her into all the country of the inheritance of Israel, for they committed depravity and immorality in Israel. | dispersed ← sent. |
| Judg 20:7 | הִנֵּ֥ה כֻלְּכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם דָּבָ֥ר וְעֵצָ֖ה הֲלֹֽם׃ | Behold, you are all sons of Israel. Give your verdict and counsel here.” | verdict ← word. |
| Judg 20:8 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאָהֳל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א נָס֖וּר אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And all the people arose unanimously and said, “Not one of us will go to his tent, and not one of us will turn in to his house. | unanimously ← as one man. |
| Judg 20:9 | וְעַתָּ֕ה זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַגִּבְעָ֑ה עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּגוֹרָֽל׃ | For now this is the thing which we will do to Gibeah, against it, by lot: | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:10 | וְלָקַ֣חְנוּ עֲשָׂרָה֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים לַמֵּאָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל ׀ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמֵאָ֤ה לָאֶ֙לֶף֙ וְאֶ֣לֶף לָרְבָבָ֔ה לָקַ֥חַת צֵדָ֖ה לָעָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְבוֹאָם֙ לְגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֔ן כְּכָל־הַ֨נְּבָלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | we will take ten men per hundred from all the tribes of Israel, and one hundred per thousand, and one thousand per ten thousand, to take provisions for the people, for them to do to Geba of Benjamin when they arrive there what they deserve for all the immorality which they did in Israel.” |
from ← for; according to.
Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 15:57, Josh 18:24. But it is the same place as Gibeah in Judg 19:12 and elsewhere in this narrative. |
| Judg 20:11 | וַיֵּֽאָסֵ֞ף כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד חֲבֵרִֽים׃ פ | So every man of Israel gathered against the city, unanimously, in league. |
unanimously ← as one man.
in league ← (as) associates. |
| Judg 20:12 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֞וּ שִׁבְטֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר מָ֚ה הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּכֶֽם׃ | And the tribes of Israel sent men throughout all the tribes of Benjamin, and they said, “What is this evil act which has taken place among you? | tribes of Benjamin: presumably sub-groups or clans of the tribe of Benjamin. The men of Gibeah / Geba were Benjaminites (Judg 19:16). |
| Judg 20:13 | וְעַתָּ֡ה תְּנוּ֩ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּגִּבְעָה֙ וּנְמִיתֵ֔ם וּנְבַעֲרָ֥ה רָעָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ **בְּנֵ֣י בִּנְיָמִ֔ן לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ בְּק֖וֹל אֲחֵיהֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So now, hand over the good-for-nothing men who are in Gibeah so that we can put them to death and eradicate evil from Israel.” But {K: the sons of} [Q: the sons of] Benjamin were not willing to comply with their brothers, the sons of Israel. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
so that: purposive use of the vav. eradicate ← burn away. comply with ← hear the voice of. |
| Judg 20:14 | וַיֵּאָסְפ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֛ן מִן־הֶעָרִ֖ים הַגִּבְעָ֑תָה לָצֵ֥את לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then the sons of Benjamin gathered together in Gibeah from the cities so as to go out to war against the sons of Israel. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 20:15 | וַיִּתְפָּֽקְדוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֜ן בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב לְ֠בַד מִיֹּשְׁבֵ֤י הַגִּבְעָה֙ הִתְפָּ֣קְד֔וּ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ בָּחֽוּר׃ | And the sons of Benjamin were counted on that day, from the cities, as twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, apart from the inhabitants of Gibeah who were counted: seven hundred choice men. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:16 | מִכֹּ֣ל ׀ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ בָּח֔וּר אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ כָּל־זֶ֗ה קֹלֵ֧עַ בָּאֶ֛בֶן אֶל־הַֽשַּׂעֲרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יַחֲטִֽא׃ פ | From all this people there were seven hundred choice men who were left-handed. Each of these could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. |
miss: pointed as hiphil, though the consonantal text suggests qal, which would make the word identical to sin.
left-handed ← bound (in) his right hand. each ← every. |
| Judg 20:17 | וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הִתְפָּֽקְד֗וּ לְבַד֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב כָּל־זֶ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָֽה׃ | And each man of Israel was counted, apart from Benjamin: four hundred thousand men who drew the sword. All these were men of war. | |
| Judg 20:18 | וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית־אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה׃ | And they arose and went up to Beth-El, and they inquired of God, and the sons of Israel said, “Which of us should go up first into battle against the sons of Benjamin?” And the Lord said, “Judah will go up first.” | Beth-El: or house of God, as AV, but we take it as the place name. We have house of God in Gen 28:17, Gen 28:22, Judg 18:31, from Beth-Elohim. So AV differs. |
| Judg 20:19 | וַיָּק֥וּמוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ פ | Then the sons of Israel arose in the morning and encamped against Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:20 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ אִתָּ֧ם אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִלְחָמָ֖ה אֶל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ | And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin, and the men of Israel drew themselves up for battle against them in Gibeah. |
men (2x) ← man. Collective usage. The second occurrence takes a plural verb.
against (2x) ← with. See Gen 14:8. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:21 | וַיֵּצְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן מִן־הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁחִ֨יתוּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁנַ֨יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And the sons of Benjamin went out from Gibeah and dispatched twenty-two thousand men of Israel to the ground on that day. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:22 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּסִ֙פוּ֙ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בַּמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥רְכוּ שָׁ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | But the people – the men of Israel – encouraged themselves and drew up for battle again in the place where they had drawn up on the first day. | |
| Judg 20:23 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָה֮ עַד־הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | And the sons of Israel went up and wept before the Lord until evening, and they inquired of the Lord and said, “Should I again engage in battle the sons of Benjamin my brother?” And the Lord said, “Go up against him.” | |
| Judg 20:24 | וַיִּקְרְב֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And the sons of Israel engaged the sons of Benjamin on the second day. | |
| Judg 20:25 | וַיֵּצֵא֩ בִנְיָמִ֨ן ׀ לִקְרָאתָ֥ם ׀ מִֽן־הַגִּבְעָה֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל ע֗וֹד שְׁמֹנַ֨ת עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָ֑רְצָה כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לְפֵי חָֽרֶב׃ | And Benjamin came out from Gibeah to confront them on the second day, and they dispatched another eighteen thousand men among the sons of Israel to the ground, all these drawing the sword. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:26 | וַיַּעֲל֣וּ כָל־בְּנֵי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וְכָל־הָעָ֜ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּצ֥וּמוּ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַֽיַּעֲל֛וּ עֹל֥וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then all the sons of Israel went up with all the people, and they came to Beth-El, and they wept, and they sat there before the Lord, and they fasted on that day until evening, and they offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings before the Lord. | Beth-El: see Judg 20:18. |
| Judg 20:27 | וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֗ם אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵֽם׃ | Then the sons of Israel inquired of the Lord, for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days, | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Judg 20:28 | וּ֠פִינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֨ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֜ן עֹמֵ֣ד ׀ לְפָנָ֗יו בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַאוֹסִ֨ף ע֜וֹד לָצֵ֧את לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה עִם־בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֥ן אָחִ֖י אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ עֲל֔וּ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר אֶתְּנֶ֥נּוּ בְיָדֶֽךָ׃ | and Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, was standing before it in those days, and he said, “Should I yet again go out to battle against the sons of Benjamin my brother, or should I cease?” And the Lord said, “Go up, for tomorrow I will deliver him into your hand.” |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Judg 20:29 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֹֽרְבִ֔ים אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ פ | Then Israel placed men in an ambush around Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:30 | וַיַּעֲל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֖ה כְּפַ֥עַם בְּפָֽעַם׃ | And the sons of Israel went up against the sons of Benjamin on the third day, and they drew up against Gibeah as on previous occasions. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
as on previous occasions ← as time on time. |
| Judg 20:31 | וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Benjamin came out to confront the people, and they were drawn away from the city, and they began to strike down some of the people dead as on previous occasions, on the highways, one of which goes up to Beth-El, and one to Gibeah in the field – about thirty men of Israel. |
as on previous occasions: see Judg 20:30.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:32 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן נִגָּפִ֥ים הֵ֛ם לְפָנֵ֖ינוּ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָמְר֗וּ נָנ֙וּסָה֙ וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר אֶל־הַֽמְסִלּֽוֹת׃ | Then the sons of Benjamin said, “They are defeated at our advance as at first.” But the sons of Israel said, “Let us flee and draw them away from the city to the highways.” | them ← him. Collective usage. |
| Judg 20:33 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל קָ֚מוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ וַיַּעַרְכ֖וּ בְּבַ֣עַל תָּמָ֑ר וְאֹרֵ֧ב יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵגִ֥יחַ מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹ מִמַּֽעֲרֵה־גָֽבַע׃ | And every man of Israel arose from his place, and they drew up in Baal-Tamar, and Israel's ambush burst out of its place – out of the scrubland of Geba. | Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 18:24, Judg 20:10. |
| Judg 20:34 | וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ מִנֶּ֨גֶד לַגִּבְעָ֜ה עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֤ישׁ בָּחוּר֙ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כָּבֵ֑דָה וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נֹגַ֥עַת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעָֽה׃ פ | And ten thousand choice men from all Israel came opposite Gibeah, and the battle was heavy, but they did not know that a calamity was about to hit them. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
a calamity ← the calamity. The definite article here is not entirely unexpected. |
| Judg 20:35 | וַיִּגֹּ֨ף יְהוָ֥ה ׀ אֶֽת־בִּנְיָמִן֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּבִנְיָמִן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף וּמֵאָ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לֵף חָֽרֶב׃ | And the Lord struck Benjamin before Israel, and the sons of Israel dispatched twenty-five thousand one hundred men of Benjamin on that day – all these drew the sword. | of Benjamin ← in Benjamin. |
| Judg 20:36 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן כִּ֣י נִגָּ֑פוּ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל מָקוֹם֙ לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּ֤י בָֽטְחוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֹרֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר שָׂ֖מוּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ | And the sons of Benjamin saw that they had been defeated, and that the men of Israel had only given way to Benjamin because they relied on the ambush which they had placed in Gibeah. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:37 | וְהָאֹרֵ֣ב הֵחִ֔ישׁוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הָאֹרֵ֔ב וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And the ambush hastened and invaded Gibeah, and the ambush drew up and struck all the city with the edge of the sword. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:38 | וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | Now there was an agreed signal between the men of Israel and the ambush: they would make smoke rise profusely from the city. | they would make smoke rise profusely ← make much their raising the lifting of the smoke. |
| Judg 20:39 | וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבִנְיָמִ֡ן הֵחֵל֩ לְהַכּ֨וֹת חֲלָלִ֤ים בְּאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ אַךְ֩ נִגּ֨וֹף נִגָּ֥ף הוּא֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | When the men of Israel retreated in the battle, Benjamin began to strike some dead among the men of Israel, about thirty men, for they said, “Surely he has been defeated before us, as in the first battle.” | surely he has been defeated: infinitive absolute, strengthened by a particle. |
| Judg 20:40 | וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗ת הֵחֵ֛לָּה לַעֲל֥וֹת מִן־הָעִ֖יר עַמּ֣וּד עָשָׁ֑ן וַיִּ֤פֶן בִּנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֛ה עָלָ֥ה כְלִיל־הָעִ֖יר הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃ | But when the rising signal began to rise from the city – a column of smoke – Benjamin turned round, and what they saw was that the whole city was going up into the sky. | what they saw was that ← behold. |
| Judg 20:41 | וְאִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָפַ֔ךְ וַיִּבָּהֵ֖ל אִ֣ישׁ בִּנְיָמִ֑ן כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי־נָגְעָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו הָרָעָֽה׃ | Then the men of Israel turned round, and the men of Benjamin were terrified, because they saw that a calamity had struck them. | men ... men ... were ... they ... them ← man ... man ... was ... he ... him. |
| Judg 20:42 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ לִפְנֵ֨י אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים אוֹת֖וֹ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And they turned in front of the men of Israel to the road to the desert, but the battle caught up with them, and Israel dispatched whoever was from the cities in their midst. |
them ← him.
Israel ← they. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Judg 20:43 | כִּתְּר֤וּ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִן֙ הִרְדִיפֻ֔הוּ מְנוּחָ֖ה הִדְרִיכֻ֑הוּ עַ֛ד נֹ֥כַח הַגִּבְעָ֖ה מִמִּזְרַח־שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | They surrounded Benjamin, they pursued them, they trod them down with ease all the way to just outside Gibeah on the east. |
them (2x): him.
ease ← rest, quiet. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Judg 20:44 | וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן שְׁמֹנָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִ֑ישׁ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל׃ | And eighteen thousand men of Benjamin fell – all of these being valiant men. | |
| Judg 20:45 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֙רָה֙ אֶל־סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן וַיְעֹֽלְלֻ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽמְסִלּ֔וֹת חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּדְבִּ֤יקוּ אַחֲרָיו֙ עַד־גִּדְעֹ֔ם וַיַּכּ֥וּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אַלְפַּ֥יִם אִֽישׁ׃ | Then they turned and fled to the desert, to the rock of Rimmon, and Israel gleaned five thousand of their men on the highways, and they pursued them to Gidom, and they struck down two thousand of their men. |
them ← him.
Gidom: as AV, correctly identifying the initial closed syllable. We could bring out the force of the pharyngeal, the ayin, with Gid'om. See Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 20:46 | וַיְהִי֩ כָל־הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים מִבִּנְיָמִ֗ן עֶשְׂרִים֩ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה אֶ֥לֶף אִ֛ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶֽת־כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל׃ | And all the fallen of Benjamin amounted to twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword on that day – all of these being valiant men. | amounted to ← were. |
| Judg 20:47 | וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֙רָה֙ אֶל־סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֔וֹן אַרְבָּעָ֖ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And they turned and fled to the desert, to the rock of Rimmon – six hundred men – and they stayed at the rock of Rimmon for four months. | |
| Judg 20:48 | וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ פ | So the men of Israel turned on the sons of Benjamin and struck them down with the edge of the sword from the entire city, including the cattle and everything found there. And they also set all the cities they found on fire. | entire: as [BDB]. AV differs (men of). [AnLx] gives soundness for the word, which occurs in Ps 38:4 (Ps 38:3AV) (nothing unscathed), Isa 1:6 (health). |
| Judg 21:1 | וְאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִשְׁבַּ֥ע בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לֹא־יִתֵּ֥ן בִּתּ֛וֹ לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And the men of Israel swore in Mizpah and said, “None of our men will give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.” | Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| Judg 21:2 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הָעָם֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב לִפְנֵ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם וַיִּבְכּ֖וּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל׃ | And the people came to Beth-El and stayed there until the evening, before God, and they lifted up their voices and wept with great weeping. |
Beth-El: see Judg 20:18.
voices ← voice. |
| Judg 21:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לָמָ֗ה יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הָ֥יְתָה זֹּ֖את בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְהִפָּקֵ֥ד הַיּ֛וֹם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָֽד׃ | And they said, “Why, O Lord God of Israel, did this happen in Israel, for one tribe of Israel to be visited today?” | visited: with connotations of punishment in this context. AV differs (lacking), which is also possible. |
| Judg 21:4 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ הָעָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ־שָׁ֖ם מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עֹל֖וֹת וּשְׁלָמִֽים׃ פ | And it came to pass on the next day that the people got up early and built an altar there and offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings. | |
| Judg 21:5 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־עָלָ֧ה בַקָּהָ֛ל מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּי֩ הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה הָיְתָ֗ה לַ֠אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָלָ֨ה אֶל־יְהוָ֧ה הַמִּצְפָּ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ | And the sons of Israel said, “Who is there in the convocation of all the tribes of Israel who has not come up to the Lord?” For a great oath had taken place against whoever did not come up to the Lord in Mizpah, namely, that he should certainly be put to death. |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
he should certainly be put to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Judg 21:6 | וַיִּנָּֽחֲמוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־בִּנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נִגְדַּ֥ע הַיּ֛וֹם שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָ֖ד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Israel felt compassion for Benjamin their brother, and they said, “Today, one tribe of Israel was cut off. | |
| Judg 21:7 | מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ בַֽיהוָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י תֵּת־לָהֶ֥ם מִבְּנוֹתֵ֖ינוּ לְנָשִֽׁים׃ | What shall we do for wives for them that remain? For we have sworn by the Lord not to give them any of our daughters as wives.” | for: causal use of the infinitive. |
| Judg 21:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֗י אֶחָד֙ מִשִּׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־עָלָ֥ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹ֣א בָא־אִ֧ישׁ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה מִיָּבֵ֥ישׁ גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶל־הַקָּהָֽל׃ | And they said, “What single person is there in the tribes of Israel who did not come up to the Lord in Mizpah?” And they ascertained that no-one had come up to the camp from Jabesh-Gilead to the convocation. |
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
they ascertained that ← behold. no-one ← no man. Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:9 | וַיִּתְפָּקֵ֖ד הָעָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין־שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֥שׁ גִּלְעָֽד׃ | For the people had been counted, and it was seen that there was no man there of the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead. |
for: causal use of the infinitive.
it was seen that ← behold. Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:10 | וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ־שָׁ֣ם הָעֵדָ֗ה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וַיְצַוּ֨וּ אוֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָבֵ֤שׁ גִּלְעָד֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף׃ | Then the congregation sent twelve thousand of the valiant men there, and they commanded them and said, “Go and strike down the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and little ones. | Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Judg 21:11 | וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ כָּל־זָכָ֗ר וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֛ה יֹדַ֥עַת מִשְׁכַּב־זָכָ֖ר תַּחֲרִֽימוּ׃ | And this is what you will do: you will destroy every male and every woman who has known intercourse with a male.” |
what you will do ← the thing which you will do.
intercourse ← lying. |
| Judg 21:12 | וַֽיִּמְצְא֞וּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֣י ׀ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֗ד אַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָדְעָ֛ה אִ֖ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר וַיָּבִ֨יאוּ אוֹתָ֤ם אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ ס | And of the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead they found four hundred virgin girls who had not known a man by intercourse with a male, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh which is in the land of Canaan. |
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
intercourse ← lying. |
| Judg 21:13 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֑וֹן וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And the whole congregation sent word and spoke to the sons of Benjamin, who were at the rock of Rimmon, and they proclaimed peace to them. | |
| Judg 21:14 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב בִּנְיָמִן֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִיּ֔וּ מִנְּשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃ | And Benjamin returned at that time, and they gave them the women whom they had let live from the women of Jabesh-Gilead, but that was not sufficient for them. |
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
that was not sufficient for them ← they were not sufficient for them like that. |
| Judg 21:15 | וְהָעָ֥ם נִחָ֖ם לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה פֶּ֖רֶץ בְּשִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the people had compassion on Benjamin, for the Lord had caused a rupture in the tribes of Israel. | |
| Judg 21:16 | וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ זִקְנֵ֣י הָעֵדָ֔ה מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים כִּֽי־נִשְׁמְדָ֥ה מִבִּנְיָמִ֖ן אִשָּֽׁה׃ | And the elders of the congregation said, “What shall we do for wives for those who remain? For the women have been obliterated from Benjamin.” | |
| Judg 21:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְרֻשַּׁ֥ת פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן וְלֹֽא־יִמָּחֶ֥ה שֵׁ֖בֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they said, “Benjamin must have an inheritance for the escaped remnant so that a tribe is not wiped out from Israel. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Judg 21:18 | וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל לָתֵת־לָהֶ֥ם נָשִׁ֖ים מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֕וּר נֹתֵ֥ן אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס | But we cannot give them wives from our daughters, because the sons of Israel have sworn and said, ‘Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin.’ ” | |
| Judg 21:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֡וּ הִנֵּה֩ חַג־יְהוָ֨ה בְּשִׁל֜וֹ מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֗ימָה אֲשֶׁ֞ר מִצְּפ֤וֹנָה לְבֵֽית־אֵל֙ מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ לִמְסִלָּ֔ה הָעֹלָ֥ה מִבֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וּמִנֶּ֖גֶב לִלְבוֹנָֽה׃ | And they said, “Look, there is a festival to the Lord on these days when they occur, in Shiloh, which is north of Beth-El to the east of the highway which goes up from Beth-El to Shechem, and to the south of Lebonah.” | on these days when they occur ← from days to days. AV differs in wording (yearly). |
| Judg 21:20 | *ויצו **וַיְצַוּ֕וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר לְכ֖וּ וַאֲרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּכְּרָמִֽים׃ | And {Q: they} [K: he] commanded the sons of Benjamin and said, “Go and set an ambush in the vineyards. | |
| Judg 21:21 | וּרְאִיתֶ֗ם וְ֠הִנֵּה אִם־יֵ֨צְא֥וּ בְנוֹת־שִׁילוֹ֮ לָח֣וּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת֒ וִֽיצָאתֶם֙ מִן־הַכְּרָמִ֔ים וַחֲטַפְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מִבְּנ֣וֹת שִׁיל֑וֹ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖ם אֶ֥רֶץ בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | And watch, and this is the plan: when the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then you come out of the vineyards and seize each one a wife for yourselves from the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. | this is the plan ← behold. |
| Judg 21:22 | וְהָיָ֡ה כִּֽי־יָבֹ֣אוּ אֲבוֹתָם֩ א֨וֹ אֲחֵיהֶ֜ם *לרוב **לָרִ֣יב ׀ אֵלֵ֗ינוּ וְאָמַ֤רְנוּ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ חָנּ֣וּנוּ אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָקַ֛חְנוּ אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֥א אַתֶּ֛ם נְתַתֶּ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם כָּעֵ֥ת תֶּאְשָֽׁמוּ׃ ס | And it will come to pass that if their fathers or their brothers come to contest this with us, we will say to them, ‘Be gracious to us with them, because we did not take for each man his wife in battle, and because you are by no means giving them to them now, whereby you would incur guilt.’ ” |
contest: the ketiv and qeré are from similar words (רוּב and רִיב) with the same meaning.
you would incur guilt: because of the oath of Judg 21:1. |
| Judg 21:23 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ נָשִׁים֙ לְמִסְפָּרָ֔ם מִן־הַמְּחֹלְל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֑לוּ וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ אֶל־נַ֣חֲלָתָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And the sons of Benjamin did so, and they took wives according to their number from the dancers whom they snatched away, and they departed and returned to their inheritance, and they built cities and lived in them. |
built: or rebuilt.
cities ← the cities. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Judg 21:24 | וַיִּתְהַלְּכ֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא אִ֥ישׁ לְשִׁבְט֖וֹ וּלְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Israel walked away from there at that time – each man to his tribe and his family – and each man went out from there to his inheritance. | walked away ← walked around. |
| Judg 21:25 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | In those days there was no king in Israel; each man did what was right in his own eyes. | |
| 1 Sam 1:1 | וַיְהִי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֜ד מִן־הָרָמָתַ֛יִם צוֹפִ֖ים מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וּשְׁמ֡וֹ אֶ֠לְקָנָה בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֧ם בֶּן־אֱלִיה֛וּא בֶּן־תֹּ֥חוּ בֶן־צ֖וּף אֶפְרָתִֽי׃ | Now there was a certain man from Ramathaim-Zophim, from Mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite, | Ramathaim-Zophim ← the Ramathaim-Zophim. |
| 1 Sam 1:2 | וְלוֹ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֔ים שֵׁ֤ם אַחַת֙ חַנָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית פְּנִנָּ֑ה וַיְהִ֤י לִפְנִנָּה֙ יְלָדִ֔ים וּלְחַנָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין יְלָדִֽים׃ | and he had two wives. The name of the first was Hannah and the name of the second was Peninnah. And Peninnah had children, but Hannah did not have any children. | of the first ← of one. |
| 1 Sam 1:3 | וְעָלָה֩ הָאִ֨ישׁ הַה֤וּא מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֔ימָה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֧ת וְלִזְבֹּ֛חַ לַיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּשִׁלֹ֑ה וְשָׁ֞ם שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִ֗י חָפְנִי֙ וּפִ֣נְחָ֔ס כֹּהֲנִ֖ים לַיהוָֽה׃ | And this man went up from his city every year to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of hosts in Shiloh, where Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests to the Lord, were. |
this man ← that man.
every year ← from days to days. Elucidated as yearly in 1 Sam 1:7. Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 1:4 | וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיִּזְבַּ֖ח אֶלְקָנָ֑ה וְנָתַ֞ן לִפְנִנָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וּֽלְכָל־בָּנֶ֛יהָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ מָנֽוֹת׃ | And the day came when Elkanah made his sacrifice, and he gave portions to Peninnah his wife and to each of her sons and her daughters. | portions: i.e. of the sacrificed animal. |
| 1 Sam 1:5 | וּלְחַנָּ֕ה יִתֵּ֛ן מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם כִּ֤י אֶת־חַנָּה֙ אָהֵ֔ב וַֽיהוָ֖ה סָגַ֥ר רַחְמָֽהּ׃ | And to Hannah he gave a double portion, because he loved Hannah, but the Lord had closed her womb. | double portion ← one portion two faces. |
| 1 Sam 1:6 | וְכִֽעֲסַ֤תָּה צָֽרָתָהּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס בַּעֲב֖וּר הַרְּעִמָ֑הּ כִּֽי־סָגַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽהּ׃ | And her rival provoked her dreadfully, so as to torment her, for the Lord had closed her womb. |
provoked her dreadfully ← provoked her also a provocation.
torment ← cause to thunder. |
| 1 Sam 1:7 | וְכֵ֨ן יַעֲשֶׂ֜ה שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֗ה מִדֵּ֤י עֲלֹתָהּ֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה כֵּ֖ן תַּכְעִסֶ֑נָּה וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תֹאכַֽל׃ | And just as he did this from year to year, every time she went up to the house of the Lord, so she for her part provoked her, and she wept and would not eat. | |
| 1 Sam 1:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֜הּ אֶלְקָנָ֣ה אִישָׁ֗הּ חַנָּה֙ לָ֣מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְלָ֙מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְלָ֖מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ הֲל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃ | And Elkanah her husband said to her, “Hannah, why are you crying, and why will you not eat, and why does your heart grieve? Am I not better to you than ten sons?” | |
| 1 Sam 1:9 | וַתָּ֣קָם חַנָּ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֛י אָכְלָ֥ה בְשִׁלֹ֖ה וְאַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁתֹ֑ה וְעֵלִ֣י הַכֹּהֵ֗ן יֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־הַכִּסֵּ֔א עַל־מְזוּזַ֖ת הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Hannah got up after they had eaten in Shiloh and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest was sitting on the seat at the gatepost of the temple of the Lord. | they had drunk: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| 1 Sam 1:10 | וְהִ֖יא מָ֣רַת נָ֑פֶשׁ וַתִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל עַל־יְהוָ֖ה וּבָכֹ֥ה תִבְכֶּֽה׃ | But she was very bitter, and she prayed to the Lord and wept profusely. |
very bitter ← bitter of soul.
wept profusely: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 1:11 | וַתִּדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר וַתֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אִם־רָאֹ֥ה תִרְאֶ֣ה ׀ בָּעֳנִ֣י אֲמָתֶ֗ךָ וּזְכַרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְלֹֽא־תִשְׁכַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לַאֲמָתְךָ֖ זֶ֣רַע אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וּנְתַתִּ֤יו לַֽיהוָה֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֔יו וּמוֹרָ֖ה לֹא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | And she made a vow and said, “O Lord of hosts, if only you would make a point of attending to the affliction of your maidservant and would remember me and not forget your maidservant and give your maidservant progeny, then I would give him to the Lord all the days of his life, and no razor would pass over his head.” |
made ← vowed.
would make a point of attending ← to see would see. Infinitive absolute. progeny ← seed of men. |
| 1 Sam 1:12 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּ֣י הִרְבְּתָ֔ה לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְעֵלִ֖י שֹׁמֵ֥ר אֶת־פִּֽיהָ׃ | And it came to pass that she was praying intensively before the Lord when Eli observed her mouth. | |
| 1 Sam 1:13 | וְחַנָּ֗ה הִ֚יא מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת עַל־לִבָּ֔הּ רַ֚ק שְׂפָתֶ֣יהָ נָּע֔וֹת וְקוֹלָ֖הּ לֹ֣א יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ עֵלִ֖י לְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃ | Now Hannah was speaking in her heart – only her lips were moving and her voice was not heard – and Eli thought she was drunk. | |
| 1 Sam 1:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ עֵלִ֔י עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑ין הָסִ֥ירִי אֶת־יֵינֵ֖ךְ מֵעָלָֽיִךְ׃ | And Eli said to her, “How much longer will you keep getting drunk? Put your wine well away from you.” |
how much longer ← until when.
keep getting drunk ← act like one drunken. put your wine well away from you: more idiomatically, keep off your wine. |
| 1 Sam 1:15 | וַתַּ֨עַן חַנָּ֤ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲדֹנִ֔י אִשָּׁ֤ה קְשַׁת־ר֙וּחַ֙ אָנֹ֔כִי וְיַ֥יִן וְשֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | But Hannah answered and said, “It's not that, my lord. I am a hard-pressed woman, and I have not drunk any wine or strong drink, but I have poured out my heart before the Lord. |
hard-pressed ← hard of spirit.
heart ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 1:16 | אַל־תִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לִפְנֵ֖י בַּת־בְּלִיָּ֑עַל כִּֽי־מֵרֹ֥ב שִׂיחִ֛י וְכַעְסִ֖י דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃ | Do not take your handmaid for a good-for-nothing girl, for it is with a lot of grievance and frustration on my part that I have spoken so far.” | good-for-nothing girl ← daughter of Belial ← daughter of without use. |
| 1 Sam 1:17 | וַיַּ֧עַן עֵלִ֛י וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְכִ֣י לְשָׁל֑וֹם וֵאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִתֵּן֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣לָתֵ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁאַ֖לְתְּ מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then Eli answered and said, “Go in peace, and may the God of Israel grant your request which you have asked him for.” | |
| 1 Sam 1:18 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר תִּמְצָ֧א שִׁפְחָתְךָ֛ חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ הָאִשָּׁ֤ה לְדַרְכָּהּ֙ וַתֹּאכַ֔ל וּפָנֶ֥יהָ לֹא־הָיוּ־לָ֖הּ עֽוֹד׃ | And she said, “May your maidservant find grace in your eyes.” And the woman went her way and ate, and her expression was no longer dejected. | expression ← face. |
| 1 Sam 1:19 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּ בַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֛בוּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־בֵּיתָ֖ם הָרָמָ֑תָה וַיֵּ֤דַע אֶלְקָנָה֙ אֶת־חַנָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיִּֽזְכְּרֶ֖הָ יְהוָֽה׃ | And they got up early in the morning and worshipped before the Lord, then they returned and went to their home in Ramah, and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and the Lord remembered her. | in Ramah ← to the Ramah. Pregnant use of the locative of motion towards. |
| 1 Sam 1:20 | וַיְהִי֙ לִתְקֻפ֣וֹת הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתַּ֥הַר חַנָּ֖ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י מֵיְהוָ֖ה שְׁאִלְתִּֽיו׃ | And it came to pass in the course of time that Hannah conceived and bore a son, and she called him Samuel, “Because”, she said, “I asked for him from the Lord.” |
course of time ← periods of days.
Samuel ← Shemuel, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Sam 1:21 | וַיַּ֛עַל הָאִ֥ישׁ אֶלְקָנָ֖ה וְכָל־בֵּית֑וֹ לִזְבֹּ֧חַ לַֽיהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח הַיָּמִ֖ים וְאֶת־נִדְרֽוֹ׃ | And the man, Elkanah, and all of his household, went up to offer the yearly sacrifice and that of his vow to the Lord. |
offer ← sacrifice.
yearly ← of days. See 1 Sam 1:3. |
| 1 Sam 1:22 | וְחַנָּ֖ה לֹ֣א עָלָ֑תָה כִּֽי־אָמְרָ֣ה לְאִישָׁ֗הּ עַ֣ד יִגָּמֵ֤ל הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַהֲבִאֹתִ֗יו וְנִרְאָה֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְיָ֥שַׁב שָׁ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, “Not until the young boy is weaned, and then I will bring him, and he will appear in the presence of the Lord, and he will stay there indefinitely.” | indefinitely ← for the age. |
| 1 Sam 1:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהּ֩ אֶלְקָנָ֨ה אִישָׁ֜הּ עֲשִׂ֧י הַטּ֣וֹב בְּעֵינַ֗יִךְ שְׁבִי֙ עַד־גָּמְלֵ֣ךְ אֹת֔וֹ אַ֛ךְ יָקֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־דְּבָר֑וֹ וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וַתֵּ֣ינֶק אֶת־בְּנָ֔הּ עַד־גָּמְלָ֖הּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Elkanah her husband said to her, “Do what is right in your sight. Stay until you have weaned him, only may the Lord establish his word.” So the woman stayed and suckled her son until she had weaned him. | |
| 1 Sam 1:24 | וַתַּעֲלֵ֨הוּ עִמָּ֜הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר גְּמָלַ֗תּוּ בְּפָרִ֤ים שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ וְאֵיפָ֨ה אַחַ֥ת קֶ֙מַח֙ וְנֵ֣בֶל יַ֔יִן וַתְּבִאֵ֥הוּ בֵית־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁל֑וֹ וְהַנַּ֖עַר נָֽעַר׃ | Then when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls and one ephah of flour and a bottle of wine, and she brought him to the house of the Lord in Shiloh, when he was just a boy. |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
he was just a boy ← the boy (was) a boy. |
| 1 Sam 1:25 | וַֽיִּשְׁחֲט֖וּ אֶת־הַפָּ֑ר וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־הַנַּ֖עַר אֶל־עֵלִֽי׃ | And they slaughtered the bull, and they brought the boy to Eli. | |
| 1 Sam 1:26 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י חֵ֥י נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אֲדֹנִ֑י אֲנִ֣י הָאִשָּׁ֗ה הַנִּצֶּ֤בֶת עִמְּכָה֙ בָּזֶ֔ה לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And she said, “Please, my lord, as you yourself live, my lord, I am the woman who was standing with you here, praying to the Lord. |
you yourself ← your soul.
praying ← to pray, but not necessarily purposive. |
| 1 Sam 1:27 | אֶל־הַנַּ֥עַר הַזֶּ֖ה הִתְפַּלָּ֑לְתִּי וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ אֶת־שְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁאַ֖לְתִּי מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃ | I prayed for this boy, and the Lord granted my request which I asked for from him. | |
| 1 Sam 1:28 | וְגַ֣ם אָנֹכִ֗י הִשְׁאִלְתִּ֙הוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כָּל־הַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֔ה ה֥וּא שָׁא֖וּל לַֽיהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ שָׁ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | And I have also made him over to the Lord for all his days. He was a request made to the Lord.” And he worshipped the Lord there. |
all his days ← all his days (in) which he is. AV differs (as long as he liveth), with LXX, the Vulgate and some Hebrew manuscripts [BHS-CA]. A hé / heth issue.
made him over ← caused to request him, implying fulfilment of the vow. [BDB]= made him over. a request made ← requested. |
| 1 Sam 2:1 | וַתִּתְפַּלֵּ֤ל חַנָּה֙ וַתֹּאמַ֔ר עָלַ֤ץ לִבִּי֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה רָ֥מָה קַרְנִ֖י בַּֽיהוָ֑ה רָ֤חַב פִּי֙ עַל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔י כִּ֥י שָׂמַ֖חְתִּי בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
And Hannah prayed and said,
“My heart exults in the Lord, My horn has been raised by the Lord, My mouth has become broad over my enemies, For I have rejoiced in your salvation. |
has been raised: qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Isa 49:11.
my mouth has become broad: i.e. I have become triumphant. |
| 1 Sam 2:2 | אֵין־קָד֥וֹשׁ כַּיהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין בִּלְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר כֵּאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
There is no-one holy like the Lord, For there is no-one besides you, Nor is there any rock like our God. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:3 | אַל־תַּרְבּ֤וּ תְדַבְּרוּ֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה יֵצֵ֥א עָתָ֖ק מִפִּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל דֵּעוֹת֙ יְהוָ֔ה *ולא **וְל֥וֹ נִתְכְּנ֖וּ עֲלִלֽוֹת׃ |
Do not speak profusely in lofty words, Nor let insolence issue from your mouth, For the Lord is a God of knowledge, And {Q: by him deeds are weighed} [K: deeds are not weighed]. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8.
lofty ← high, high. |
| 1 Sam 2:4 | קֶ֥שֶׁת גִּבֹּרִ֖ים חַתִּ֑ים וְנִכְשָׁלִ֖ים אָ֥זְרוּ חָֽיִל׃ |
The bows of heroes are shattered, But those who once stumbled Have girded themselves with strength. |
bows ← bow.
shattered: in agreement with heroes, by attraction. Compare [Ges-HG] §146a. |
| 1 Sam 2:5 | שְׂבֵעִ֤ים בַּלֶּ֙חֶם֙ נִשְׂכָּ֔רוּ וּרְעֵבִ֖ים חָדֵ֑לּוּ עַד־עֲקָרָה֙ יָלְדָ֣ה שִׁבְעָ֔ה וְרַבַּ֥ת בָּנִ֖ים אֻמְלָֽלָה׃ |
The once satiated have hired themselves out for bread, But the hungry are no more so. Even the barren has borne seven, Whereas she who had many sons is languishing. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:6 | יְהוָ֖ה מֵמִ֣ית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֹרִ֥יד שְׁא֖וֹל וַיָּֽעַל׃ |
The Lord kills and makes alive; He brings down to the grave and raises up. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:7 | יְהוָ֖ה מוֹרִ֣ישׁ וּמַעֲשִׁ֑יר מַשְׁפִּ֖יל אַף־מְרוֹמֵֽם׃ |
The Lord disinherits and enriches; He abases as well as exalts. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:8 | מֵקִ֨ים מֵעָפָ֜ר דָּ֗ל מֵֽאַשְׁפֹּת֙ יָרִ֣ים אֶבְי֔וֹן לְהוֹשִׁיב֙ עִם־נְדִיבִ֔ים וְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד יַנְחִלֵ֑ם כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ מְצֻ֣קֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וַיָּ֥שֶׁת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם תֵּבֵֽל׃ |
He raises up the poor from the dust And elevates the needy from the dung heap, To house them with princes And to endow them with a throne of honour. For the pillars of the earth are the Lord's, And on them he has set the world. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:9 | רַגְלֵ֤י *חסידו **חֲסִידָיו֙ יִשְׁמֹ֔ר וּרְשָׁעִ֖ים בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יִדָּ֑מּוּ כִּֽי־לֹ֥א בְכֹ֖חַ יִגְבַּר־אִֽישׁ׃ |
He will keep the feet of {K: the man} [Q: those] of his grace, But the wicked will be destroyed in darkness, For man will not prevail by force. |
|
| 1 Sam 2:10 | יְהוָ֞ה יֵחַ֣תּוּ *מריבו **מְרִיבָ֗יו *עלו **עָלָיו֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יַרְעֵ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה יָדִ֣ין אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִתֶּן־עֹ֣ז לְמַלְכּ֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖ם קֶ֥רֶן מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃ פ |
As for the Lord, his {Q: adversaries} [K: adversary] will be broken; He will thunder against them in heaven. The Lord will judge the ends of the earth And give strength to his king And raise the horn of his messiah.” |
them ← him. The ketiv is in scriptio defectiva. See the plural verb below.
will be broken: plural verb. messiah ← anointed. |
| 1 Sam 2:11 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ אֶלְקָנָ֛ה הָרָמָ֖תָה עַל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְהַנַּ֗עַר הָיָ֤ה מְשָׁרֵת֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י עֵלִ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | Then Elkanah went to Ramah, to his house. And the boy was serving the Lord before Eli the priest. | Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| 1 Sam 2:12 | וּבְנֵ֥י עֵלִ֖י בְּנֵ֣י בְלִיָּ֑עַל לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | But Eli's sons were good-for-nothing – they did not know the Lord. | good-for-nothing ← sons of without use. |
| 1 Sam 2:13 | וּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־הָעָ֑ם כָּל־אִ֞ישׁ זֹבֵ֣חַ זֶ֗בַח וּבָ֨א נַ֤עַר הַכֹּהֵן֙ כְּבַשֵּׁ֣ל הַבָּשָׂ֔ר וְהַמַּזְלֵ֛ג שְׁלֹ֥שׁ־הַשִּׁנַּ֖יִם בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And it was the custom of the priests with the people that when any man offered a sacrifice, the priest's servant-boy would come while the meat was cooking, with a three-pronged fork in his hand. |
any ← every.
offered ← sacrificed. |
| 1 Sam 2:14 | וְהִכָּ֨ה בַכִּיּ֜וֹר א֣וֹ בַדּ֗וּד א֤וֹ בַקַּלַּ֙חַת֙ א֣וֹ בַפָּר֔וּר כֹּ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲלֶ֣ה הַמַּזְלֵ֔ג יִקַּ֥ח הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בּ֑וֹ כָּ֚כָה יַעֲשׂ֣וּ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ | And he would plunge it into the pan or the cauldron or the kettle or the pot. Everything that the fork brought up, the priest would take for himself. So they did with all Israel which went there, to Shiloh. | plunge ← strike. |
| 1 Sam 2:15 | גַּם֮ בְּטֶרֶם֮ יַקְטִר֣וּן אֶת־הַחֵלֶב֒ וּבָ֣א ׀ נַ֣עַר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאָמַר֙ לָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֹּבֵ֔חַ תְּנָ֣ה בָשָׂ֔ר לִצְל֖וֹת לַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְלֹֽא־יִקַּ֧ח מִמְּךָ֛ בָּשָׂ֥ר מְבֻשָּׁ֖ל כִּ֥י אִם־חָֽי׃ | Also, before they burned the fat, the priest's servant-boy would come and say to the man who was making a sacrifice, “Give the meat to the priest to roast. And he will not accept cooked meat from you, but rather, raw.” |
priest's: [CB] differs (priests').
raw ← alive, but also raw. |
| 1 Sam 2:16 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו הָאִ֗ישׁ קַטֵּ֨ר יַקְטִיר֤וּן כַּיּוֹם֙ הַחֵ֔לֶב וְקַ֨ח־לְךָ֔ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּאַוֶּ֖ה נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְאָמַ֥ר ׀ *לו **לֹא֙ כִּ֚י עַתָּ֣ה תִתֵּ֔ן וְאִם־לֹ֖א לָקַ֥חְתִּי בְחָזְקָֽה׃ | And if the man said to him, “Be sure they burn the fat straightaway, then take for yourself whatever your heart desires”, then he would say {K: to him, “No,} [Q: “No,] for you must give it now, and if you do not, I will take it by force.” |
be sure they burn: infinitive absolute.
heart ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 2:17 | וַתְּהִ֨י חַטַּ֧את הַנְּעָרִ֛ים גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹ֖ד אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י נִֽאֲצוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And the young men's sin was very great before the Lord, for the men despised the Lord's offering. | |
| 1 Sam 2:18 | וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל מְשָׁרֵ֖ת אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה נַ֕עַר חָג֖וּר אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ | But Samuel served before the Lord – a boy girded with an ephod of fine linen. | |
| 1 Sam 2:19 | וּמְעִ֤יל קָטֹן֙ תַּעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ אִמּ֔וֹ וְהַעַלְתָ֥ה ל֖וֹ מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֑ימָה בַּֽעֲלוֹתָהּ֙ אֶת־אִישָׁ֔הּ לִזְבֹּ֖חַ אֶת־זֶ֥בַח הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And his mother would make him a little coat and bring it up to him each year when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. |
each year ← from days to days.
offer ← sacrifice. yearly ← of days. |
| 1 Sam 2:20 | וּבֵרַ֨ךְ עֵלִ֜י אֶת־אֶלְקָנָ֣ה וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וְאָמַר֙ יָשֵׂם֩ יְהוָ֨ה לְךָ֥ זֶ֙רַע֙ מִן־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את תַּ֚חַת הַשְּׁאֵלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁאַ֖ל לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהָלְכ֖וּ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ | And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and he said, “May the Lord appoint you seed from this woman in return for the granted request – the boy who has been made over to the Lord.” Then they went home. |
has been made over ← he has asked, but here as passive of hiphil; see [BDB].
home ← to his place. |
| 1 Sam 2:21 | כִּֽי־פָקַ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־חַנָּ֔ה וַתַּ֛הַר וַתֵּ֥לֶד שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־בָנִ֖ים וּשְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֑וֹת וַיִּגְדַּ֛ל הַנַּ֥עַר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל עִם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then the Lord visited Hannah, and she conceived and bore three sons and two daughters. And the boy, Samuel, grew up in fellowship with the Lord. | |
| 1 Sam 2:22 | וְעֵלִ֖י זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֑ד וְשָׁמַ֗ע אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשׂ֤וּן בָּנָיו֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר־יִשְׁכְּבוּן֙ אֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים הַצֹּ֣בְא֔וֹת פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | Now Eli was very old, and he heard everything that his sons did to the whole of Israel, and that they lay with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of contact. | the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| 1 Sam 2:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֣ם רָעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And he said to them, “Why are you doing such things? For I hear about your bad behaviour from all of this people. |
such things ← as these things.
behaviour ← things. |
| 1 Sam 2:24 | אַ֖ל בָּנָ֑י כִּ֠י לֽוֹא־טוֹבָ֤ה הַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָנֹכִ֣י שֹׁמֵ֔עַ מַעֲבִרִ֖ים עַם־יְהוָֽה׃ | No, my sons, for it is not a good report that I hear about you, making the Lord's people transgress. | |
| 1 Sam 2:25 | אִם־יֶחֱטָ֨א אִ֤ישׁ לְאִישׁ֙ וּפִֽלְל֣וֹ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִ֤ם לַֽיהוָה֙ יֶֽחֱטָא־אִ֔ישׁ מִ֖י יִתְפַּלֶּל־ל֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁמְעוּ֙ לְק֣וֹל אֲבִיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־חָפֵ֥ץ יְהוָ֖ה לַהֲמִיתָֽם׃ | If a man sins against another, then God will judge him, but if a man sins against the Lord, who will pray for him?” But they would not heed their father, and consequently the Lord wished to put them to death. |
God: AV differs (the judge). The verb is singular, militating for God rather than judges. Contrast Ex 21:6, Ex 22:7 (Ex 22:8AV), Ex 22:8 (Ex 22:9AV), Ex 22:27 (Ex 22:28AV).
heed ← hear the voice of. and consequently ← when, ↴ |
| 1 Sam 2:26 | וְהַנַּ֣עַר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֵ֖ל וָט֑וֹב גַּ֚ם עִם־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֖ם עִם־אֲנָשִֽׁים׃ ס | And the boy, Samuel, kept growing and was approved of by both the Lord and men. | ↳ because, but explicative and developmental rather than the causative because. |
| 1 Sam 2:27 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אִישׁ־אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־עֵלִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְבֵ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה׃ | And a man of God came to Eli and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Was I not clearly revealed to the house of your father when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house? |
this is what ← thus.
was I not clearly revealed: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 2:28 | וּבָחֹ֣ר אֹ֠תוֹ מִכָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לִי֙ לְכֹהֵ֔ן לַעֲל֣וֹת עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֗י לְהַקְטִ֥יר קְטֹ֛רֶת לָשֵׂ֥את אֵפ֖וֹד לְפָנָ֑י וָֽאֶתְּנָה֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ אֶת־כָּל־אִשֵּׁ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And did I not choose him from all the tribes of Israel to be a priest to me? – to offer on my altar, to burn incense, to wear the ephod before me, and did I not allocate all the fire-offerings of the sons of Israel to your father's house? |
choose: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
allocate ← give. |
| 1 Sam 2:29 | לָ֣מָּה תִבְעֲט֗וּ בְּזִבְחִי֙ וּבְמִנְחָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי מָע֑וֹן וַתְּכַבֵּ֤ד אֶת־בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי לְהַבְרִֽיאֲכֶ֗ם מֵרֵאשִׁ֛ית כָּל־מִנְחַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעַמִּֽי׃ | Why are you recalcitrant about my sacrifice and my meal-offering which I commanded in my dwelling place, and why have you honoured your sons more than me by making yourselves fat with the beginning of all the offerings of my people Israel?’ |
by making yourselves fat: gerundial use of the infinitive.
offerings ← meal-offering, but sometimes wider usage. |
| 1 Sam 2:30 | לָכֵ֗ן נְאֻם־יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אָמ֣וֹר אָמַ֔רְתִּי בֵּֽיתְךָ֙ וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ יִתְהַלְּכ֥וּ לְפָנַ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְעַתָּ֤ה נְאֻם־יְהוָה֙ חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֔י כִּֽי־מְכַבְּדַ֥י אֲכַבֵּ֖ד וּבֹזַ֥י יֵקָֽלּוּ׃ | Therefore the Lord God of Israel says, ‘I have explicitly said to your house and to the house of your father that they should walk before me age-abidingly. And now, says the Lord, far be it from me, for I will honour those who honour me, and those who despise me will be held in contempt. | I have explicitly said: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 2:31 | הִנֵּה֙ יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֔ים וְגָֽדַעְתִּי֙ אֶת־זְרֹ֣עֲךָ֔ וְאֶת־זְרֹ֖עַ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ מִֽהְי֥וֹת זָקֵ֖ן בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | Behold, the days are coming when I will cut off your arm and the arm of the house of your father, so that there will not be an old man in your house. | arm (2x): with different pointing, seed. |
| 1 Sam 2:32 | וְהִבַּטְתָּ֙ צַ֣ר מָע֔וֹן בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵיטִ֖יב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה זָקֵ֛ן בְּבֵיתְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And you will see distress in my dwelling place, in everything regarding which it has been treating Israel well, and there will not be an old man in your house at any time. |
distress in: or an adversary of.
at any time ← all the days. |
| 1 Sam 2:33 | וְאִ֗ישׁ לֹֽא־אַכְרִ֤ית לְךָ֙ מֵעִ֣ם מִזְבְּחִ֔י לְכַלּ֥וֹת אֶת־עֵינֶ֖יךָ וְלַאֲדִ֣יב אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְכָל־מַרְבִּ֥ית בֵּיתְךָ֖ יָמ֥וּתוּ אֲנָשִֽׁים׃ | But I will not cut anyone of yours off from my altar when I waste your eyes away and wear your heart down, and at every increase in your house, men will die. | heart ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 2:34 | וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹא֙ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֔יךָ אֶל־חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָ֑ס בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד יָמ֥וּתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And this will be the sign to you, which will come on your two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas. On one day the two of them will die. | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 2:35 | וַהֲקִימֹתִ֥י לִי֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן נֶאֱמָ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר בִּלְבָבִ֥י וּבְנַפְשִׁ֖י יַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וּבָנִ֤יתִי לוֹ֙ בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֔ן וְהִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־מְשִׁיחִ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And I will raise up a faithful priest to myself, who will act according to what is in my heart and in my soul, and I will build a faithful house for him, and he will walk before my anointed at all times. |
anointed: or messiah.
at all times ← all the days. |
| 1 Sam 2:36 | וְהָיָ֗ה כָּל־הַנּוֹתָר֙ בְּבֵ֣יתְךָ֔ יָבוֹא֙ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת ל֔וֹ לַאֲג֥וֹרַת כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּר־לָ֑חֶם וְאָמַ֗ר סְפָחֵ֥נִי נָ֛א אֶל־אַחַ֥ת הַכְּהֻנּ֖וֹת לֶאֱכֹ֥ל פַּת־לָֽחֶם׃ ס | And it will come to pass that everyone who remains in your house will come to bow down before him for an agorah of silver and a loaf of bread, and he will say, «Admit me, please, to one of the priestly offices, so that I may eat a piece of bread.» ’ ” | agorah: a small coin. |
| 1 Sam 3:1 | וְהַנַּ֧עַר שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל מְשָׁרֵ֥ת אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י עֵלִ֑י וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה הָיָ֤ה יָקָר֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין חָז֖וֹן נִפְרָֽץ׃ ס | And Samuel the boy served the Lord before Eli, and the word of the Lord was precious in those days, and visions were infrequent. | visions were infrequent ← there was no vision bursting forth / common. |
| 1 Sam 3:2 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְעֵלִ֖י שֹׁכֵ֣ב בִּמְקֹמ֑וֹ *ועינו **וְעֵינָיו֙ הֵחֵ֣לּוּ כֵה֔וֹת לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֽוֹת׃ | And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was lying down in his place, and {Q: his eyes} [K: his eye] had begun to become dim, and he could not see, |
The ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré;. The verb is plural.
at that time ← on that day. |
| 1 Sam 3:3 | וְנֵ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ טֶ֣רֶם יִכְבֶּ֔ה וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל שֹׁכֵ֑ב בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם אֲר֥וֹן אֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | and before the lamp of God went out, while Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord where the ark of God was, | AV differs, associating the clauses differently. |
| 1 Sam 3:4 | וַיִּקְרָ֧א יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | that the Lord called out to Samuel. And he said, “Here I am”, | here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:5 | וַיָּ֣רָץ אֶל־עֵלִ֗י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הִנְנִי֙ כִּֽי־קָרָ֣אתָ לִּ֔י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לֹֽא־קָרָ֖אתִי שׁ֣וּב שְׁכָ֑ב וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ ס | and he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” But he said, “I didn't call you. Lie down again.” So he went back and lay down. | here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:6 | וַיֹּ֣סֶף יְהוָ֗ה קְרֹ֣א עוֹד֮ שְׁמוּאֵל֒ וַיָּ֤קָם שְׁמוּאֵל֙ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֶל־עֵלִ֔י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנְנִ֔י כִּ֥י קָרָ֖אתָ לִ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר לֹֽא־קָרָ֥אתִי בְנִ֖י שׁ֥וּב שְׁכָֽב׃ | Then the Lord called him again: “Samuel.” And Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” But he said, “I did not call you, my son. Lie down again.” |
again ← yet again. The words reinforce each other, but they do not add a time. The third time is in 1 Sam 3:8.
here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:7 | וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל טֶ֖רֶם יָדַ֣ע אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְטֶ֛רֶם יִגָּלֶ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord, and it was before the word of the Lord had been revealed to him. | |
| 1 Sam 3:8 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף יְהוָ֥ה קְרֹא־שְׁמוּאֵל֮ בַּשְּׁלִשִׁית֒ וַיָּ֙קָם֙ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֶל־עֵלִ֔י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנְנִ֔י כִּ֥י קָרָ֖אתָ לִ֑י וַיָּ֣בֶן עֵלִ֔י כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵ֥א לַנָּֽעַר׃ | And the Lord called Samuel again – a third time. And he got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” And Eli understood that the Lord had been calling the boy. | here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵלִ֣י לִשְׁמוּאֵל֮ לֵ֣ךְ שְׁכָב֒ וְהָיָה֙ אִם־יִקְרָ֣א אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ דַּבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י שֹׁמֵ֖עַ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב בִּמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ | And Eli said to Samuel, “Go and lie down, and it will be the case that if he calls you, you will say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’ ” So Samuel went back and lay down in his place. | |
| 1 Sam 3:10 | וַיָּבֹ֤א יְהוָה֙ וַיִּתְיַצַּ֔ב וַיִּקְרָ֥א כְפַֽעַם־בְּפַ֖עַם שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל ׀ שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ דַּבֵּ֔ר כִּ֥י שֹׁמֵ֖עַ עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ פ | And the Lord came and stood there and called as the previous times, “Samuel, Samuel.” And Samuel said, “Speak, for your servant is listening.” | as the previous times ← as time on time. |
| 1 Sam 3:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל הִנֵּ֧ה אָנֹכִ֛י עֹשֶׂ֥ה דָבָ֖ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּל־שֹׁ֣מְע֔וֹ תְּצִלֶּ֖ינָה שְׁתֵּ֥י אָזְנָֽיו׃ | And the Lord said to Samuel, “I am about to do something in Israel at which the two ears of everyone who hears it will tingle. | I am about to ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:12 | בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה׃ | On that day I will fulfil everything against Eli which I have spoken against his house. I will make a start and I will bring it to its conclusion. |
against (2x): taking אֶל ≡ עַל, which is common. AV differs in the second case (concerning).
I will make a start and I will bring it to its conclusion: infinitives absolute ↴ |
| 1 Sam 3:13 | וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־שֹׁפֵ֥ט אֲנִ֛י אֶת־בֵּית֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם בַּעֲוֺ֣ן אֲשֶׁר־יָדַ֗ע כִּֽי־מְקַֽלְלִ֤ים לָהֶם֙ בָּנָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א כִהָ֖ה בָּֽם׃ | For I have told him that I am about to judge his house age-abidingly for the iniquity which he has known about, for {P: his sons are cursing God} [M: his sons are bringing a curse on themselves], but he has not admonished them. |
↳ in the role of finite verbs.
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= מקללים אלהים בניו. AV differs. |
| 1 Sam 3:14 | וְלָכֵ֥ן נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי לְבֵ֣ית עֵלִ֑י אִֽם־יִתְכַּפֵּ֞ר עֲוֺ֧ן בֵּית־עֵלִ֛י בְּזֶ֥בַח וּבְמִנְחָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli that the iniquity of the house of Eli will certainly not be expiated by sacrifice or offering age-abidingly.” |
will certainly not be expiated ← if it is expiated, standing for if it is ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
offering: see 1 Sam 2:29. |
| 1 Sam 3:15 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב שְׁמוּאֵל֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת־דַּלְת֣וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל יָרֵ֔א מֵהַגִּ֥יד אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֖ה אֶל־עֵלִֽי׃ | And Samuel lay down until the morning, when he opened the doors of the house of the Lord, but Samuel was afraid to tell the vision to Eli. | |
| 1 Sam 3:16 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א עֵלִי֙ אֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל בְּנִ֑י וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son”, and he said, “Here I am.” | here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 3:17 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ אַל־נָ֥א תְכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּ֑נִּי כֹּ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֤ אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֔יף אִם־תְּכַחֵ֤ד מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ דָּבָ֔ר מִכָּל־הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And he said, “What is the thing which he has said to you? Please do not conceal it from me. May God do such-and-such to you and add such-and-such if you conceal from me anything of the whole thing which he said to you.” | This verse and 2 Sam 3:35 contain the oath formula for strong denial in full (often abbreviated to simply if I do ... with no apodosis). The “do such-and-such” may refer to cutting in pieces, Gen 15:10. |
| 1 Sam 3:18 | וַיַּגֶּד־ל֤וֹ שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א כִחֵ֖ד מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר יְהוָ֣ה ה֔וּא הַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינָ֖ו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ פ | So Samuel told him all the words, and he did not conceal anything from him. And he said, “It is the Lord. May he do what is right in his sight.” | |
| 1 Sam 3:19 | וַיִּגְדַּ֖ל שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַֽיהוָה֙ הָיָ֣ה עִמּ֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־הִפִּ֥יל מִכָּל־דְּבָרָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | And Samuel grew up, and the Lord was with him, and he did not let any of his words fall on the ground. |
he ... his: (in view of the next verse) the Lord did not let any of Samuel's words fall on the ground.
any ← of every. |
| 1 Sam 3:20 | וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדָּ֖ן וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע כִּ֚י נֶאֱמָ֣ן שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל לְנָבִ֖יא לַיהוָֽה׃ | And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba knew that Samuel had been confirmed as a prophet of the Lord. | |
| 1 Sam 3:21 | וַיֹּ֥סֶף יְהוָ֖ה לְהֵרָאֹ֣ה בְשִׁלֹ֑ה כִּֽי־נִגְלָ֨ה יְהוָ֧ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל בְּשִׁל֖וֹ בִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ | Then the Lord appeared again in Shiloh, for the Lord was revealed to Samuel in Shiloh with the word of the Lord. | |
| 1 Sam 4:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃ | And Samuel's word came to all of Israel, and Israel went out to war against the Philistines, and they encamped at Eben-Ezer, whereas the Philistines encamped in Aphek. | came ← became. |
| 1 Sam 4:2 | וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ | And the Philistines lined themselves up against Israel, and the war spread, and Israel was defeated when confronting the Philistines, who struck down about four thousand men in battle-array in the field. | spread: perhaps broke out, but the usual meaning of the verb is to leave, abandon. |
| 1 Sam 4:3 | וַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֮ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ | And the people went to the camp, and the elders of Israel asked, “Why has the Lord defeated us today when confronting the Philistines? Let us fetch the ark of the covenant of the Lord from Shiloh, so that it comes right in among us and saves us from the hand of our enemies.” |
fetch ← take to us.
right in among us ← into our midst. |
| 1 Sam 4:4 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח הָעָם֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֞ם שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִ֗י עִם־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס׃ | So the people sent men to Shiloh, and they brought from there the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts – with him dwelling between the cherubim – and Eli's two sons were there with the ark of the covenant of God, Hophni and Phinehas. | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 4:5 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּב֨וֹא אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּרִ֥עוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it came to pass when the ark of the covenant of the Lord came to the camp that all Israel raised a loud shout, and the land was in commotion. |
raised ← shouted.
was in commotion: niphal of הוּם, not qal of הָמַם, the former lacking in [AnLx] p.750. |
| 1 Sam 4:6 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֶ֠ה ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֧ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה הָעִבְרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה בָּ֖א אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And the Philistines heard the sound of the shouting, and they said, “What is this sound of loud shouting in the camp of the Hebrews?” And they became aware that the ark of the Lord had come into the camp. | |
| 1 Sam 4:7 | וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ בָּ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ כִּ֣י לֹ֥א הָיְתָ֛ה כָּזֹ֖את אֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃ | And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, “God has come into the camp.” And they said, “Woe to us, because it wasn't like this in the past. | in the past ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| 1 Sam 4:8 | א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ מִ֣י יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ מִיַּ֛ד הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים הָאַדִּירִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֵ֧לֶּה הֵ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַמַּכִּ֧ים אֶת־מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכָל־מַכָּ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | Woe to us. Who can deliver us from the hand of these great gods? They are the gods which struck Egypt with every kind of blow in the desert. | |
| 1 Sam 4:9 | הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ וִֽהְי֤וּ לַֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּ֚ן תַּעַבְד֣וּ לָעִבְרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבְד֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם לַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְנִלְחַמְתֶּֽם׃ | Strengthen yourselves and become men, you Philistines, so as not to become servants to the Hebrews, in the way they have been servants to you, and become men, and fight.” | |
| 1 Sam 4:10 | וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִֽי׃ | And the Philistines fought, and Israel was defeated, and each fled to his tent, and the blow was very heavy, and thirty thousand of Israel's infantry fell. |
his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each.
heavy ← great. |
| 1 Sam 4:11 | וַאֲר֥וֹן אֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָ֑ח וּשְׁנֵ֤י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִי֙ מֵ֔תוּ חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס׃ | And the ark of God was taken, and Eli's two sons died – Hophni and Phinehas. | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 4:12 | וַיָּ֤רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | Then a Benjaminite ran from the battle-line and came to Shiloh on that day, with his clothing torn and earth on his head. | |
| 1 Sam 4:13 | וַיָּב֗וֹא וְהִנֵּ֣ה עֵ֠לִי יֹשֵׁ֨ב עַֽל־הַכִּסֵּ֜א *יך **יַ֥ד דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ מְצַפֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה לִבּוֹ֙ חָרֵ֔ד עַ֖ל אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְהָאִ֗ישׁ בָּ֚א לְהַגִּ֣יד בָּעִ֔יר וַתִּזְעַ֖ק כָּל־הָעִֽיר׃ | And when he arrived, he saw Eli sitting on a seat {Q: at the side of} [K: and he struck] the road keeping a look out, for his heart was trembling about the ark of God, and when the man came to give a report in the city, all the city shouted out. |
Many manuscripts support the qeré.
he saw ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 4:14 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע עֵלִי֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַצְּעָקָ֔ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֶ֛ה ק֥וֹל הֶהָמ֖וֹן הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָאִ֣ישׁ מִהַ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖א וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לְעֵלִֽי׃ | And Eli heard the sound of the shouting, and he said, “What is this sound of commotion?” And the man quickly came and told Eli. | quickly came ← hastened and came. |
| 1 Sam 4:15 | וְעֵלִ֕י בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וְעֵינָ֣יו קָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יָכ֖וֹל לִרְאֽוֹת׃ | Now Eli was ninety-eight years old, and his eyes were unable to focus, and he could not see. | unable to focus ← fixed. |
| 1 Sam 4:16 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֜ישׁ אֶל־עֵלִ֗י אָֽנֹכִי֙ הַבָּ֣א מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֕י מִן־הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה נַ֣סְתִּי הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּנִֽי׃ | And the man said to Eli, “I am the one who has come from the battle-line, and I fled from the battle-line today.” And he said, “What was the outcome, my son?” | outcome ← thing, word. |
| 1 Sam 4:17 | וַיַּ֨עַן הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָ֤ס יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַ֛ם מַגֵּפָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה הָיְתָ֣ה בָעָ֑ם וְגַם־שְׁנֵ֨י בָנֶ֜יךָ מֵ֗תוּ חָפְנִי֙ וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס וַאֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נִלְקָֽחָה׃ פ | And the messenger replied and said, “Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there was also a great massacre among the people, and also your two sons died, Hophni and Phinehas, and the ark of God was captured.” | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 4:18 | וַיְהִ֞י כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיִּפֹּ֣ל מֵֽעַל־הַ֠כִּסֵּא אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית בְּעַ֣ד ׀ יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֗עַר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת כִּֽי־זָקֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ וְכָבֵ֑ד וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when he mentioned the ark of God, that he fell from his seat backwards through the side of the gate, and his neck was broken, and he died, for the man was old and heavy. And he had judged Israel for forty years. | |
| 1 Sam 4:19 | וְכַלָּת֣וֹ אֵֽשֶׁת־פִּינְחָס֮ הָרָ֣ה לָלַת֒ וַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־הַשְּׁמֻעָ֔ה אֶל־הִלָּקַח֙ אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמֵ֥ת חָמִ֖יהָ וְאִישָׁ֑הּ וַתִּכְרַ֣ע וַתֵּ֔לֶד כִּֽי־נֶהֶפְכ֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ צִרֶֽיהָ׃ | And his daughter-in-law, Phinehas's wife, was pregnant and was on the point of giving birth when she heard the report of the ark of God being captured, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead. Then she sank down and gave birth, for her labour pains had come on over her. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
giving birth ... of the ark of God being captured: gerundial use of the infinitive. come on ← taken a turn. |
| 1 Sam 4:20 | וּכְעֵ֣ת מוּתָ֗הּ וַתְּדַבֵּ֙רְנָה֙ הַנִּצָּב֣וֹת עָלֶ֔יהָ אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י כִּ֣י בֵ֣ן יָלָ֑דְתְּ וְלֹ֥א עָנְתָ֖ה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥תָה לִבָּֽהּ׃ | And at the time of her death, the women standing around her said to her, “Do not be afraid, for you have given birth to a son.” But she did not answer, and she did not lay it to heart. |
at the time ← at about the time, but probably without force, or even denoting intensity. Compare Gen 24:28, Josh 7:3, Luke 9:28.
to heart ← (to) her heart. |
| 1 Sam 4:21 | וַתִּקְרָ֣א לַנַּ֗עַר אִֽי־כָבוֹד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר גָּלָ֥ה כָב֖וֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶל־הִלָּקַח֙ אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאֶל־חָמִ֖יהָ וְאִישָֽׁהּ׃ | And she called the boy I-Chabod, for she said, “The glory has been removed from Israel with the ark of God being captured”, and because of her father-in-law and her husband. |
I-Chabod: i.e. where is the glory?
has been removed ← has been deported, has gone into exile. AV differs in the extent of direct speech. |
| 1 Sam 4:22 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר גָּלָ֥ה כָב֖וֹד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י נִלְקַ֖ח אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And she said, “The glory has been removed from Israel, for the ark of God has been captured.” | has been removed ← has been deported, has gone into exile. |
| 1 Sam 5:1 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ לָֽקְח֔וּ אֵ֖ת אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיְבִאֻ֛הוּ מֵאֶ֥בֶן הָעֵ֖זֶר אַשְׁדּֽוֹדָה׃ | So the Philistines captured the ark of God, and they brought it from Eben-Ezer to Ashdod. | Eben-Ezer ← Eben-Haezer, = the Eben-Ezer, = the stone of help. |
| 1 Sam 5:2 | וַיִּקְח֤וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ בֵּ֣ית דָּג֑וֹן וַיַּצִּ֥יגוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֵ֥צֶל דָּגֽוֹן׃ | And the Philistines took the ark of God and brought it to the house of Dagon, and they set it up next to Dagon. | |
| 1 Sam 5:3 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֤מוּ אַשְׁדּוֹדִים֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וְהִנֵּ֣ה דָג֗וֹן נֹפֵ֤ל לְפָנָיו֙ אַ֔רְצָה לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־דָּג֔וֹן וַיָּשִׁ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ לִמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ | But when the Ashdodites got up early next day, what they saw was that Dagon had fallen face down to the ground before the ark of the Lord. And they took Dagon and restored him to his position. |
what they saw was that ← behold.
face down ← to his face. |
| 1 Sam 5:4 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּ בַבֹּקֶר֮ מִֽמָּחֳרָת֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה דָג֗וֹן נֹפֵ֤ל לְפָנָיו֙ אַ֔רְצָה לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֑ה וְרֹ֨אשׁ דָּג֜וֹן וּשְׁתֵּ֣י ׀ כַּפּ֣וֹת יָדָ֗יו כְּרֻתוֹת֙ אֶל־הַמִּפְתָּ֔ן רַ֥ק דָּג֖וֹן נִשְׁאַ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ | Then they got up early on the next day and saw that Dagon had fallen face down to the ground before the ark of the Lord, and Dagon's head and the two palms of his hands had been cut off at the threshold – only the trunk of Dagon was left to him. |
saw that ← behold.
face down ← to his face. |
| 1 Sam 5:5 | עַל־כֵּ֡ן לֹֽא־יִדְרְכוּ֩ כֹהֲנֵ֨י דָג֜וֹן וְכָֽל־הַבָּאִ֧ים בֵּית־דָּג֛וֹן עַל־מִפְתַּ֥ן דָּג֖וֹן בְּאַשְׁדּ֑וֹד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | For this reason the priests of Dagon and all those who come to the house of Dagon have not been treading on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod up to this day. | |
| 1 Sam 5:6 | וַתִּכְבַּ֧ד יַד־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־הָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֖ים וַיְשִׁמֵּ֑ם וַיַּ֤ךְ אֹתָם֙ *בעפלים **בַּטְּחֹרִ֔ים אֶת־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וְאֶת־גְּבוּלֶֽיהָ׃ | And the hand of the Lord became very heavy on the Ashdodites, and he devastated them, and he struck them – the people of Ashdod and its outskirts – with {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours]. |
On the ketiv / qeré, see Deut 28:27.
outskirts ← borders. |
| 1 Sam 5:7 | וַיִּרְא֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־אַשְׁדּ֖וֹד כִּֽי־כֵ֑ן וְאָמְר֗וּ לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֞ב אֲר֨וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עִמָּ֔נוּ כִּֽי־קָשְׁתָ֤ה יָדוֹ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְעַ֖ל דָּג֥וֹן אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was like that, they said, “The ark of the God of Israel will not stay with us, for his hand has been harsh on us and on Dagon our god.” | |
| 1 Sam 5:8 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֡וּ וַיַּאַסְפוּ֩ אֶת־כָּל־סַרְנֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֗ה לַֽאֲרוֹן֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ גַּ֣ת יִסֹּ֔ב אֲר֖וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּסֵּ֕בּוּ אֶת־אֲר֖וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | So they sent word, and they had all the barons of the Philistines gather with them, and they asked, “What shall we do with the ark of the God of Israel?” And they said, “The ark of the God of Israel shall be transferred to Gath.” And they transferred the ark of the God of Israel. |
gather with ← gather to.
with the ark ← to the ark. be transferred ← transfer (intransitive). Qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Isa 10:34. |
| 1 Sam 5:9 | וַיְהִ֞י אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ הֵסַ֣בּוּ אֹת֗וֹ וַתְּהִ֨י יַד־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בָּעִיר֙ מְהוּמָה֙ גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעִ֔יר מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּשָּׂתְר֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם *עפלים **טְחֹרִֽים׃ | Then it came to pass, after they had transferred it, that the hand of the Lord came on the city with very great turmoil, and he struck the men of the city, both great and small, and {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours] broke out on them. |
On the ketiv / qeré, see Deut 28:27.
came ← became. on them ← to them. |
| 1 Sam 5:10 | וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֛וּ אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עֶקְר֑וֹן וַיְהִ֗י כְּב֨וֹא אֲר֤וֹן הָאֱלֹהִים֙ עֶקְר֔וֹן וַיִּזְעֲק֨וּ הָֽעֶקְרֹנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר הֵסַ֤בּוּ אֵלַי֙ אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַהֲמִיתֵ֖נִי וְאֶת־עַמִּֽי׃ | Then they sent the ark of God to Ekron, and it came to pass when the ark of God arrived at Ekron that the Ekronites shouted out and said, “They have transferred the ark of the God of Israel to me to kill me and my people.” | |
| 1 Sam 5:11 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ וַיַּאַסְפ֜וּ אֶת־כָּל־סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שַׁלְּח֞וּ אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לִמְקֹמ֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָמִ֥ית אֹתִ֖י וְאֶת־עַמִּ֑י כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה מְהֽוּמַת־מָ֙וֶת֙ בְּכָל־הָעִ֔יר כָּבְדָ֥ה מְאֹ֛ד יַ֥ד הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים שָֽׁם׃ | And they sent word, and they had all the barons of the Philistines gather, and they said, “Send the ark of the God of Israel away, and have it return to its place, so that it does not kill me and my people”, for there was a deadly turmoil in the whole of the city – the hand of God was very heavy there. | |
| 1 Sam 5:12 | וְהָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־מֵ֔תוּ הֻכּ֖וּ *בעפלים **בַּטְּחֹרִ֑ים וַתַּ֛עַל שַֽׁוְעַ֥ת הָעִ֖יר הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And the men who did not die were struck with {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours], and the outcry of the city went up to heaven. | On the ketiv / qeré, see Deut 28:27. |
| 1 Sam 6:1 | וַיְהִ֧י אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֛ה בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים שִׁבְעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And the ark of the Lord was in the Philistines' country for seven months. | |
| 1 Sam 6:2 | וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים לַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְלַקֹּֽסְמִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַאֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֑ה הוֹדִעֻ֕נוּ בַּמֶּ֖ה נְשַׁלְּחֶ֥נּוּ לִמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, and they said, “What should we do with the ark of the Lord? Tell us in what way we should send it to its place.” | with the ark ← to the ark. |
| 1 Sam 6:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אִֽם־מְשַׁלְּחִ֞ים אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אַל־תְּשַׁלְּח֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ רֵיקָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָשֵׁ֥ב תָּשִׁ֛יבוּ ל֖וֹ אָשָׁ֑ם אָ֤ז תֵּרָֽפְאוּ֙ וְנוֹדַ֣ע לָכֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה לֹא־תָס֥וּר יָד֖וֹ מִכֶּֽם׃ | And they said, “If you send the ark of the God of Israel back, do not send it back empty, but certainly return a guilt-offering to him, then you will be healed, and it will be made known to you why his hand would not depart from you.” |
empty: or in vain.
certainly return: infinitive absolute. to him: or for it, but only to him fits well in 1 Sam 6:8. |
| 1 Sam 6:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָ֣ה הָאָשָׁם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָשִׁ֣יב לוֹ֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מִסְפַּר֙ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֲמִשָּׁה֙ *עפלי **טְחֹרֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה עַכְבְּרֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב כִּֽי־מַגֵּפָ֥ה אַחַ֛ת לְכֻלָּ֖ם וּלְסַרְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And they said, “What is the guilt-offering which we should render to him?” And they said, “As the number of barons of the Philistines is: five golden {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours] and five golden mice, for there is one plague on them all, including your barons. |
On the ketiv / qeré, see Deut 28:27.
to him: see 1 Sam 6:3. them all: AV differs (all of you), perhaps reading לְכֻלְּכֶם. |
| 1 Sam 6:5 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֩ צַלְמֵ֨י *עפליכם **טְחֹרֵיכֶ֜ם וְצַלְמֵ֣י עַכְבְּרֵיכֶ֗ם הַמַּשְׁחִיתִם֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּנְתַתֶּ֛ם לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּב֑וֹד אוּלַ֗י יָקֵ֤ל אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וּמֵעַ֥ל אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם וּמֵעַ֥ל אַרְצְכֶֽם׃ | And you shall make images of your {K: haemorrhoids} [Q: tumours] and images of your mice which infested the land, and you shall give honour to the God of Israel so that maybe he will relax his grip on you and on your god and on your land. |
On the ketiv / qeré, see Deut 28:27.
relax ← lighten. his grip on you ← his hand from on you. god: perhaps gods, but the god of the Philistines was Dagon (Judg 16:23, 1 Sam 5:2). |
| 1 Sam 6:6 | וְלָ֤מָּה תְכַבְּדוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר כִּבְּד֛וּ מִצְרַ֥יִם וּפַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־לִבָּ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְעַלֵּ֣ל בָּהֶ֔ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּם וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | Why should you harden your heart in the way Egypt and Pharaoh hardened their heart? When he dealt forcefully with them, did they not let them go, and they departed? | |
| 1 Sam 6:7 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קְח֨וּ וַעֲשׂ֜וּ עֲגָלָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ אֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּ֤י פָרוֹת֙ עָל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָלָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עֹ֑ל וַאֲסַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־הַפָּרוֹת֙ בָּעֲגָלָ֔ה וַהֲשֵׁיבֹתֶ֧ם בְּנֵיהֶ֛ם מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּֽיְתָה׃ | So now, make one new wagon, and take two dairy cows on which no yoke has been put, and you will attach the cows to the wagon and have their calves remain at home, leaving them behind. |
has been put ← has gone up. Qal for passive of hiphil.
leaving them behind ← behind them. |
| 1 Sam 6:8 | וּלְקַחְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֗ה וּנְתַתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֲגָלָ֔ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כְּלֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֥ם לוֹ֙ אָשָׁ֔ם תָּשִׂ֥ימוּ בָאַרְגַּ֖ז מִצִּדּ֑וֹ וְשִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ וְהָלָֽךְ׃ | And you will take the ark of the Lord, and you will put it on the wagon, and you will put the golden items, which you are giving to him in return as a guilt-offering, in a box alongside it, and you will send it, and it will be dispatched. | be dispatched ← go. Qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 1 Sam 6:9 | וּרְאִיתֶ֗ם אִם־דֶּ֨רֶךְ גְּבוּל֤וֹ יַֽעֲלֶה֙ בֵּ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ ה֚וּא עָ֣שָׂה לָ֔נוּ אֶת־הָרָעָ֥ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את וְאִם־לֹ֗א וְיָדַ֙עְנוּ֙ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָדוֹ֙ נָ֣גְעָה בָּ֔נוּ מִקְרֶ֥ה ה֖וּא הָ֥יָה לָֽנוּ׃ | And you will see whether it goes up by the way of his border to Beth-Shemesh, because then it was him who did this great evil to us, but if not, then we will know that it was not his hand which struck us, and that it was a coincidence that happened to us.” | him: or, if the reader prefers, he. |
| 1 Sam 6:10 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְח֗וּ שְׁתֵּ֤י פָרוֹת֙ עָל֔וֹת וַיַּאַסְר֖וּם בָּעֲגָלָ֑ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּל֥וּ בַבָּֽיִת׃ | And the men did this, and they took two dairy cows, and they attached them to the wagon, and they confined their calves at home. | this ← thus. |
| 1 Sam 6:11 | וַיָּשִׂ֛מוּ אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָעֲגָלָ֑ה וְאֵ֣ת הָאַרְגַּ֗ז וְאֵת֙ עַכְבְּרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֵ֖ת צַלְמֵ֥י טְחֹרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they put the ark of the Lord and the box and the golden mice and the images of their tumours on the wagon. | |
| 1 Sam 6:12 | וַיִשַּׁ֨רְנָה הַפָּר֜וֹת בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ עַל־דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ בֵּ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ בִּמְסִלָּ֣ה אַחַ֗ת הָלְכ֤וּ הָלֹךְ֙ וְגָע֔וֹ וְלֹא־סָ֖רוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הֹלְכִ֣ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם עַד־גְּב֖וּל בֵּ֥ית שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And the cows went straight down the road, on the road to Beth-Shemesh, and they went on the one highway, lowing as they went, and they did not turn to the right or left, while the barons of the Philistines followed them up to the border of Beth-Shemesh. | lowing as they went: infinitive absolute of each verb. |
| 1 Sam 6:13 | וּבֵ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ קֹצְרִ֥ים קְצִיר־חִטִּ֖ים בָּעֵ֑מֶק וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָר֔וֹן וַֽיִּשְׂמְח֖וּ לִרְאֽוֹת׃ | And at Beth-Shemesh they were reaping the wheat harvest in the valley, and they lifted up their eyes and saw the ark, and they rejoiced at seeing it. | |
| 1 Sam 6:14 | וְהָעֲגָלָ֡ה בָּ֠אָה אֶל־שְׂדֵ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֵּֽית־הַשִּׁמְשִׁי֙ וַתַּעֲמֹ֣ד שָׁ֔ם וְשָׁ֖ם אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֑ה וַֽיְבַקְּעוּ֙ אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֲגָלָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַ֨פָּר֔וֹת הֶעֱל֥וּ עֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | And the wagon came to the field of Joshua the Beth-Shemeshite, and it stopped there, where there is a large stone, and they chopped up the wood of the wagon and offered the cows as a burnt offering to the Lord. | stopped ← stood. |
| 1 Sam 6:15 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם הוֹרִ֣ידוּ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶת־הָאַרְגַּ֤ז אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ כְלֵֽי־זָהָ֔ב וַיָּשִׂ֖מוּ אֶל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֗מֶשׁ הֶעֱל֨וּ עֹל֜וֹת וַֽיִּזְבְּח֧וּ זְבָחִ֛ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | Then the Levites brought the ark of the Lord down, and the box which was with it, in which were the golden items, and they put them on the large stone. And the men of Beth-Shemesh offered burnt offerings and offered sacrifices to the Lord on that day. | offered (second occurrence in verse) ← sacrificed. |
| 1 Sam 6:16 | וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה סַרְנֵֽי־פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים רָא֑וּ וַיָּשֻׁ֥בוּ עֶקְר֖וֹן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס | And the five barons of the Philistines saw it and went back to Ekron on that day. | |
| 1 Sam 6:17 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ טְחֹרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵשִׁ֧יבוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אָשָׁ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה לְאַשְׁדּ֨וֹד אֶחָ֜ד לְעַזָּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לְאַשְׁקְל֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד לְגַ֥ת אֶחָ֖ד לְעֶקְר֥וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ ס | And these are the golden tumours which the Philistines returned as a guilt-offering to the Lord: for Ashdod, one; for Gaza, one; for Ashkelon, one; for Gath, one; for Ekron, one. | |
| 1 Sam 6:18 | וְעַכְבְּרֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב מִסְפַּ֞ר כָּל־עָרֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ לַחֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַסְּרָנִ֔ים מֵעִ֣יר מִבְצָ֔ר וְעַ֖ד כֹּ֣פֶר הַפְּרָזִ֑י וְעַ֣ד ׀ אָבֵ֣ל הַגְּדוֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִנִּ֤יחוּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֵ֚ת אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בֵּֽית־הַשִּׁמְשִֽׁי׃ | And the golden mice were in number according to all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five barons, from fortified city to unwalled village, including the great meadow above which they placed the ark of the Lord, a place as it is up to this day, in the field of Joshua the Beth-Shemeshite. |
including ← and to.
meadow: AV differs (Abel). AV and many translations introduce the word stone here (compare 1 Sam 6:14, 1 Sam 6:15), the textual basis for which is mainly a few Hebrew manuscripts [BHS-CA] and the LXX. |
| 1 Sam 6:19 | וַיַּ֞ךְ בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י רָאוּ֙ בַּאֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּעָם֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֑ישׁ וַיִּֽתְאַבְּל֣וּ הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בָּעָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה | Then he struck down the men of Beth-Shemesh, because they looked in the ark of the Lord, and among the people he struck down seventy men, and fifty thousand men. And the people mourned, for the Lord had inflicted a severe blow on the people. | |
| 1 Sam 6:20 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵֽית־שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ מִ֚י יוּכַ֣ל לַעֲמֹ֔ד לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים הַקָּד֖וֹשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְאֶל־מִ֖י יַעֲלֶ֥ה מֵעָלֵֽינוּ׃ ס | And the men of Beth-Shemesh said, “Who can stand before this holy Lord God, and to whom will it go up away from us?” | it go up: AV differs (he go up), but it is the ark that goes up (see next verse). |
| 1 Sam 6:21 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י קִרְיַת־יְעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵשִׁ֤בוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה רְד֕וּ הַעֲל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath-Jearim and said, “The Philistines have returned the ark of the Lord. Come down and bring it up to where you are.” | Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| 1 Sam 7:1 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י ׀ קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֗ים וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֹת֔וֹ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אֲבִינָדָ֖ב בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֤ר בְּנוֹ֙ קִדְּשׁ֔וּ לִשְׁמֹ֖ר אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ פ | So the men of Kiriath-Jearim came and brought the ark of the Lord up, and they brought it to the house of Abinadab on the hill, and they sanctified Eleazar his son for him to keep the ark of the Lord. |
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17.
on the hill: or in Gibeah. See 1 Sam 10:5, 1 Sam 10:10. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| 1 Sam 7:2 | וַיְהִ֗י מִיּ֞וֹם שֶׁ֤בֶת הָֽאָרוֹן֙ בְּקִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיִּנָּה֛וּ כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And it came to pass, since the day when the ark remained in Kiriath-Jearim, that much time passed, and twenty years went by, and the whole house of Israel lamented before the Lord. |
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17.
much time passed ← the days became many. went by ← were, became. lamented before ← lamented after. The next verse elucidates. |
| 1 Sam 7:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִם־בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֤ם שָׁבִים֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה הָסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֧י הַנֵּכָ֛ר מִתּוֹכְכֶ֖ם וְהָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְהָכִ֨ינוּ לְבַבְכֶ֤ם אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וְעִבְדֻ֣הוּ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וְיַצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then Samuel spoke to the whole house of Israel and said, “If you are returning to the Lord with all your heart, remove the foreign gods from your vicinity, including the images of Astarte, and prepare your heart for the Lord, and serve him alone, and may he deliver you from the hand of the Philistines.” | images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| 1 Sam 7:4 | וַיָּסִ֙ירוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּרֹ֑ת וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ פ | So the sons of Israel removed the images of Baal and the images of Astarte, and they served the Lord only. | images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| 1 Sam 7:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל קִבְצ֥וּ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וְאֶתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּעַדְכֶ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Samuel said, “Assemble all of Israel in Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord for you.” | in Mizpah ← to Mizpah. Pregnant use of locative of motion towards. AV differs (to Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| 1 Sam 7:6 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ הַ֠מִּצְפָּתָה וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֜יִם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכ֣וּ ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּצ֙וּמוּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ שָׁ֔ם חָטָ֖אנוּ לַיהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֧ט שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | So they assembled in Mizpah, and they drew water and poured it before the Lord, and they fasted on that day, and they said there, “We have sinned against the Lord.” And Samuel judged the sons of Israel in Mizpah. | in Mizpah ... Mizpah ← to Mizpah ... Mizpah. Pregnant use of locative of motion towards. AV differs (to Mizpeh ... in Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| 1 Sam 7:7 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּֽי־הִתְקַבְּצ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּצְפָּ֔תָה וַיַּעֲל֥וּ סַרְנֵֽי־פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And the Philistines heard that the sons of Israel had assembled in Mizpah, and the barons of the Philistines went up against Israel, and when the sons of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines. |
in Mizpah ← to Mizpah. Pregnant use of locative of motion towards. AV differs (to Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3.
against: or to. |
| 1 Sam 7:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל אַל־תַּחֲרֵ֣שׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ מִזְּעֹ֖ק אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And the sons of Israel said to Samuel, “Do not refrain in silence from crying out to the Lord our God on behalf of us, so that he saves us from the hand of the Philistines.” |
from crying out: gerundial use of the infinitive.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 7:9 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל טְלֵ֤ה חָלָב֙ אֶחָ֔ד *ויעלה **וַיַּעֲלֵ֧הוּ עוֹלָ֛ה כָּלִ֖יל לַֽיהוָ֑ה וַיִּזְעַ֨ק שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בְּעַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Samuel took a suckling lamb {K: and offered it} [Q: and offered it] as a complete burnt offering to the Lord, and Samuel cried out to the Lord on behalf of Israel, and the Lord answered him. | a suckling lamb ← one lamb of milk. |
| 1 Sam 7:10 | וַיְהִ֤י שְׁמוּאֵל֙ מַעֲלֶ֣ה הָעוֹלָ֔ה וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים נִגְּשׁ֔וּ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּרְעֵ֣ם יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בְּקוֹל־גָּ֠דוֹל בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ וַיְהֻמֵּ֔ם וַיִּנָּגְפ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Samuel was performing the burnt offering when the Philistines approached to wage war on Israel, but the Lord made it thunder on the Philistines with a loud sound on that day, and he routed them, and they were struck down before Israel. | performing ← offering. |
| 1 Sam 7:11 | וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִן־הַמִּצְפָּ֔ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֕וּם עַד־מִתַּ֖חַת לְבֵ֥ית כָּֽר׃ | And the men of Israel went out from Mizpah and pursued the Philistines, and they struck them down as far as below Beth-Car. | Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| 1 Sam 7:12 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶ֣בֶן אַחַ֗ת וַיָּ֤שֶׂם בֵּֽין־הַמִּצְפָּה֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַשֵּׁ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ אֶ֣בֶן הָעָ֑זֶר וַיֹּאמַ֕ר עַד־הֵ֖נָּה עֲזָרָ֥נוּ יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Samuel took a stone, and he put it between Mizpah and Shen, and he called it Eben-Ezer, and he said, “Up to this point the Lord has helped us.” |
a stone ← one stone.
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. Shen ← the Shen. Eben-Ezer ← Eben-Haezer; see 1 Sam 5:1. |
| 1 Sam 7:13 | וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְלֹא־יָסְפ֣וּ ע֔וֹד לָב֖וֹא בִּגְב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתְּהִ֤י יַד־יְהוָה֙ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ | So the Philistines were defeated, and they did not come into Israel's territory again, and the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines for all Samuel's days. | territory ← border. |
| 1 Sam 7:14 | וַתָּשֹׁ֣בְנָה הֶעָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָֽקְחוּ־פְלִשְׁתִּים֩ מֵאֵ֨ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵעֶקְר֣וֹן וְעַד־גַּ֔ת וְאֶ֨ת־גְּבוּלָ֔ן הִצִּ֥יל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י שָׁל֔וֹם בֵּ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבֵ֥ין הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | And the cities which the Philistines had captured from Israel returned to Israel, from Ekron to Gath, and Israel rescued their borders from the hand of the Philistines, and there was peace between Israel and the Amorite. | Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| 1 Sam 7:15 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ | And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. | |
| 1 Sam 7:16 | וְהָלַ֗ךְ מִדֵּ֤י שָׁנָה֙ בְּשָׁנָ֔ה וְסָבַב֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְהַגִּלְגָּ֖ל וְהַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְשָׁפַט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמְּקוֹמ֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And each year he went round Beth-El and Gilgal and Mizpah, and he judged Israel in all these places. |
Beth-El ... Gilgal ← the Beth-El ... the Gilgal.
Mizpah: AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| 1 Sam 7:17 | וּתְשֻׁבָת֤וֹ הָרָמָ֙תָה֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם בֵּית֔וֹ וְשָׁ֖ם שָׁפָ֣ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽבֶן־שָׁ֥ם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And his final stop was to Ramah, for that is where his house was, and he judged Israel there, and he built an altar to the Lord there. |
final stop ← return.
Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| 1 Sam 8:1 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָקֵ֖ן שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שֹׁפְטִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he appointed his sons as Israel's judges. | |
| 1 Sam 8:2 | וַיְהִ֞י שֶׁם־בְּנ֤וֹ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹאֵ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם מִשְׁנֵ֖הוּ אֲבִיָּ֑ה שֹׁפְטִ֖ים בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | And the name of his elder son was Joel, and the name of his second one was Abijah, and they were judges in Beersheba. | Abijah: AV has Abiah for this name here and in 1 Chr 2:24, 1 Chr 6:13 (1 Chr 6:28AV), 1 Chr 7:8 and Abia in 1 Chr 3:10 and Abijah elsewhere, perhaps to distinguish different people. We ↴ |
| 1 Sam 8:3 | וְלֹֽא־הָלְכ֤וּ בָנָיו֙ *בדרכו **בִּדְרָכָ֔יו וַיִּטּ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַבָּ֑צַע וַיִּ֨קְחוּ־שֹׁ֔חַד וַיַּטּ֖וּ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ פ | But his sons did not walk in his {K: way} [Q: ways], and they turned aside after unjust gain, and they accepted bribes, and they perverted the course of justice. |
↳ have one English spelling for the one Hebrew spelling. 1 Kings has Abijam for the king of Judah.
bribes ← a bribe, but also collective usage, bribery. |
| 1 Sam 8:4 | וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּ כֹּ֖ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הָרָמָֽתָה׃ | And all the elders of Israel gathered and came to Samuel in Ramah. | in Ramah ← to Ramah. |
| 1 Sam 8:5 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּה֙ אַתָּ֣ה זָקַ֔נְתָּ וּבָנֶ֕יךָ לֹ֥א הָלְכ֖וּ בִּדְרָכֶ֑יךָ עַתָּ֗ה שִֽׂימָה־לָּ֥נוּ מֶ֛לֶךְ לְשָׁפְטֵ֖נוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And they said to him, “Look, you are old, but your sons don't walk in your ways. Now then, appoint us a king to judge us like all the Gentiles.” | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 8:6 | וַיֵּ֤רַע הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמְר֔וּ תְּנָה־לָּ֥נוּ מֶ֖לֶךְ לְשָׁפְטֵ֑נוּ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | But the matter was wrong in Samuel's sight, when they said, “Give us a king to judge us.” And Samuel prayed to the Lord. | |
| 1 Sam 8:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל שְׁמַע֙ בְּק֣וֹל הָעָ֔ם לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֹֽתְךָ֙ מָאָ֔סוּ כִּֽי־אֹתִ֥י מָאֲס֖וּ מִמְּלֹ֥ךְ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord said to Samuel, “Heed the people – everything they say to you – for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me reigning over them, | heed ← hear the voice of. |
| 1 Sam 8:8 | כְּכָֽל־הַמַּעֲשִׂ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֗וּ מִיּוֹם֩ הַעֲלֹתִ֨י אֹתָ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַזְבֻ֔נִי וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים כֵּ֛ן הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִׂ֖ים גַּם־לָֽךְ׃ | like all their deeds which they have perpetrated from the day when I brought them up out of Egypt up to this day, and they have abandoned me and served other gods, and so they are doing to you too. | |
| 1 Sam 8:9 | וְעַתָּ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלָ֑ם אַ֗ךְ כִּֽי־הָעֵ֤ד תָּעִיד֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְהִגַּדְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִמְלֹ֖ךְ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | So now, heed them, but nevertheless testify solemnly against them, and tell them about the administration of the king who will reign over them.” |
heed ← hear the voice of.
testify solemnly: infinitive absolute. administration: or justice, or customs, practices. |
| 1 Sam 8:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֶל־הָעָ֕ם הַשֹּׁאֲלִ֥ים מֵאִתּ֖וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And Samuel spoke all the words of the Lord to the people who were asking him for a king. | |
| 1 Sam 8:11 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר זֶ֗ה יִֽהְיֶה֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִמְלֹ֖ךְ עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם יִקָּ֗ח וְשָׂ֥ם לוֹ֙ בְּמֶרְכַּבְתּ֣וֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁ֔יו וְרָצ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י מֶרְכַּבְתּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “This will be the administration of the king who will reign over you: he will take your sons and appoint them in his interest in his chariot fleet and his cavalry, and some of them will run before his chariot fleet. | administration: or justice, or customs, practices. |
| 1 Sam 8:12 | וְלָשׂ֣וּם ל֔וֹ שָׂרֵ֥י אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים וְלַחֲרֹ֤שׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ֙ וְלִקְצֹ֣ר קְצִיר֔וֹ וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת כְּלֵֽי־מִלְחַמְתּ֖וֹ וּכְלֵ֥י רִכְבּֽוֹ׃ | And he will appoint himself commanders of a thousand and commanders of fifty, and men to plough his fields and to reap his harvest and to make his armaments and his chariot equipment. | plough his fields ← plough his ploughing. [ST] infers the sense of fields (labourer ses champs). |
| 1 Sam 8:13 | וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם יִקָּ֑ח לְרַקָּח֥וֹת וּלְטַבָּח֖וֹת וּלְאֹפֽוֹת׃ | And he will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers. | |
| 1 Sam 8:14 | וְאֶת־שְׂ֠דֽוֹתֵיכֶם וְאֶת־כַּרְמֵיכֶ֧ם וְזֵיתֵיכֶ֛ם הַטּוֹבִ֖ים יִקָּ֑ח וְנָתַ֖ן לַעֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And he will take your best fields and vineyards and olive groves, and he will give them to his servants. | |
| 1 Sam 8:15 | וְזַרְעֵיכֶ֥ם וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֖ם יַעְשֹׂ֑ר וְנָתַ֥ן לְסָרִיסָ֖יו וְלַעֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And he will tithe your seed and your vineyards and give them to his courtiers and his servants. | courtiers ← eunuchs, but perhaps not all castrated. |
| 1 Sam 8:16 | וְאֶת־עַבְדֵיכֶם֩ וְֽאֶת־שִׁפְח֨וֹתֵיכֶ֜ם וְאֶת־בַּחוּרֵיכֶ֧ם הַטּוֹבִ֛ים וְאֶת־חֲמוֹרֵיכֶ֖ם יִקָּ֑ח וְעָשָׂ֖ה לִמְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ | And he will take your menservants and your maidservants and your best young men, and your donkeys, and he will engage them in his work. | |
| 1 Sam 8:17 | צֹאנְכֶ֖ם יַעְשֹׂ֑ר וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּֽהְיוּ־ל֥וֹ לַעֲבָדִֽים׃ | He will tithe your sheep, and you will become his servants. | |
| 1 Sam 8:18 | וּזְעַקְתֶּם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא מִלִּפְנֵ֣י מַלְכְּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יַעֲנֶ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And you will cry out on that day because of your king whom you chose for yourselves, but the Lord will not answer you on that day.” | |
| 1 Sam 8:19 | וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ הָעָ֔ם לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י אִם־מֶ֖לֶךְ יִֽהְיֶ֥ה עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | But the people refused to heed Samuel, and they said, “No, on the contrary, we will have a king over us. | heed ← hear the voice of. |
| 1 Sam 8:20 | וְהָיִ֥ינוּ גַם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ כְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּשְׁפָטָ֤נוּ מַלְכֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְיָצָ֣א לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַ֖ם אֶת־מִלְחֲמֹתֵֽנוּ׃ | And we too will be like all the Gentiles, and our king will judge us, and he will go out before us and fight our wars.” | |
| 1 Sam 8:21 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַֽיְדַבְּרֵ֖ם בְּאָזְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he spoke them in the audience of the Lord. | audience ← ears. |
| 1 Sam 8:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלָ֔ם וְהִמְלַכְתָּ֥ לָהֶ֖ם מֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְעִירֽוֹ׃ פ | And the Lord said to Samuel, “Heed them and appoint them a king.” Then Samuel said to the men of Israel, “Depart, each of you, to your city.” |
heed them ← hear their voice.
your city ← his city. |
| 1 Sam 9:1 | וַֽיְהִי־אִ֣ישׁ *מבן־*ימין **מִבִּנְיָמִ֗ין וּ֠שְׁמוֹ קִ֣ישׁ בֶּן־אֲבִיאֵ֞ל בֶּן־צְר֧וֹר בֶּן־בְּכוֹרַ֛ת בֶּן־אֲפִ֖יחַ בֶּן־אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינִ֑י גִּבּ֖וֹר חָֽיִל׃ | Now there was a Benjaminite whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjaminite, who was a valiant warrior. | Benjaminite (first occurrence in verse): the ketiv spells this as two words; the qeré as one. |
| 1 Sam 9:2 | וְלוֹ־הָיָ֨ה בֵ֜ן וּשְׁמ֤וֹ שָׁאוּל֙ בָּח֣וּר וָט֔וֹב וְאֵ֥ין אִ֛ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ט֣וֹב מִמֶּ֑נּוּ מִשִּׁכְמ֣וֹ וָמַ֔עְלָה גָּבֹ֖הַּ מִכָּל־הָעָֽם׃ | And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a fine young man, and there was no man among the sons of Israel who was better than him. He was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upwards. |
Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, but we retain the AV / traditional name.
fine young man ← choice youth and good. than him: or, if the reader prefers, than he. any ← all. |
| 1 Sam 9:3 | וַתֹּאבַ֙דְנָה֙ הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת לְקִ֖ישׁ אֲבִ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר קִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׁא֣וּל בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א אִתְּךָ֙ אֶת־אַחַ֣ד מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְק֣וּם לֵ֔ךְ בַּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־הָאֲתֹנֹֽת׃ | And the donkeys of Kish, Saul's father, got lost, and Kish said to Saul his son, “Take one of the servant-lads with you, and get up and go and look for the donkeys.” |
donkeys (2x) ← she-asses, and likewise throughout this episode.
take ← take, please, but without emphatic entreaty. |
| 1 Sam 9:4 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֛יִם וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־שָׁלִ֖שָׁה וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אוּ וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־שַׁעֲלִים֙ וָאַ֔יִן וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־יְמִינִ֖י וְלֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ׃ | And he crossed over at Mount Ephraim, and he crossed into the land of Shalishah, but they did not find them, and they crossed into the land of Shaalim, but they were not there. Then he crossed into the land of the Benjaminites, but they did not find them. |
Shalishah: AV= Shalisha.
Shaalim ← Sha'alim. AV= Shalim. |
| 1 Sam 9:5 | הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צ֔וּף וְשָׁא֥וּל אָמַ֛ר לְנַעֲר֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֖וֹ לְכָ֣ה וְנָשׁ֑וּבָה פֶּן־יֶחְדַּ֥ל אָבִ֛י מִן־הָאֲתֹנ֖וֹת וְדָ֥אַג לָֽנוּ׃ | And they came into the land of Zuph, and Saul said to his servant-lad who was with him, “Come, let us return in case my father stops worrying about the donkeys and worries about us.” | |
| 1 Sam 9:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנֵּה־נָ֤א אִישׁ־אֱלֹהִים֙ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְהָאִ֣ישׁ נִכְבָּ֔ד כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יְדַבֵּ֖ר בּ֣וֹא יָב֑וֹא עַתָּה֙ נֵ֣לֲכָה שָּׁ֔ם אוּלַי֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔נוּ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖נוּ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥כְנוּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And he said to him, “Look now, there is a man of God in this city, and the man is honoured. Everything he says absolutely comes to pass. Now let's go there; maybe he can tell us the way which we should go.” |
absolutely comes to pass: infinitive absolute.
the way ← our way. |
| 1 Sam 9:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל לְנַעֲר֗וֹ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נֵלֵךְ֮ וּמַה־נָּבִ֣יא לָאִישׁ֒ כִּ֤י הַלֶּ֙חֶם֙ אָזַ֣ל מִכֵּלֵ֔ינוּ וּתְשׁוּרָ֥ה אֵין־לְהָבִ֖יא לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים מָ֖ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃ | Then Saul said to his servant-lad, “Well look, we will go, but what shall we bring for the man, for we have run out of bread, and there is no gift to bring to the man of God. What do we have?” | we have run out of bread ← bread has ceased from our vessels. |
| 1 Sam 9:8 | וַיֹּ֤סֶף הַנַּ֙עַר֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֶת־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ נִמְצָ֣א בְיָדִ֔י רֶ֖בַע שֶׁ֣קֶל כָּ֑סֶף וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהִגִּ֥יד לָ֖נוּ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּֽנוּ׃ | And the servant-lad answered Saul again, and he said, “Look, here is a quarter shekel of silver in my hand. So I will give it to the man of God, and he will tell us our way.” | here is ← there is found. |
| 1 Sam 9:9 | לְפָנִ֣ים ׀ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הָאִישׁ֙ בְּלֶכְתּוֹ֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־הָרֹאֶ֑ה כִּ֤י לַנָּבִיא֙ הַיּ֔וֹם יִקָּרֵ֥א לְפָנִ֖ים הָרֹאֶֽה׃ | Previously in Israel, this is what a man said when he went to inquire of God: “Come, let us go to the seer”, for he who is called a prophet today was previously called a seer. |
this is what ← thus.
The verse may be giving the origin of the Hebrew for a prophet. Verse 7 has the word for we will bring, נָבִיא, which is the word for a prophet. Alternatively, it is a play on words. |
| 1 Sam 9:10 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֧וּל לְנַעֲר֛וֹ ט֥וֹב דְּבָרְךָ֖ לְכָ֣ה ׀ נֵלֵ֑כָה וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Saul said to his servant-lad, “Your proposal is fine. Come on, let's go.” So they went to the city where the man of God was. | proposal ← word. |
| 1 Sam 9:11 | הֵ֗מָּה עֹלִים֙ בְּמַעֲלֵ֣ה הָעִ֔יר וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ מָצְא֣וּ נְעָר֔וֹת יֹצְא֖וֹת לִשְׁאֹ֣ב מָ֑יִם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן הֲיֵ֥שׁ בָּזֶ֖ה הָרֹאֶֽה׃ | As they went on the way up to the city, they found some girls on their way out to draw water, and they said to them, “Is the seer here?” | went ← went up. |
| 1 Sam 9:12 | וַתַּעֲנֶ֧ינָה אוֹתָ֛ם וַתֹּאמַ֥רְנָה יֵּ֖שׁ הִנֵּ֣ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ מַהֵ֣ר ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּ֤י הַיּוֹם֙ בָּ֣א לָעִ֔יר כִּ֣י זֶ֧בַח הַיּ֛וֹם לָעָ֖ם בַּבָּמָֽה׃ | And they answered them and said, “He is – here ahead of you. Go quickly now, because he came to the city today, for there is a sacrifice today for the people, on the raised site. | here ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 9:13 | כְּבֹאֲכֶ֣ם הָעִ֣יר כֵּ֣ן תִּמְצְא֣וּן אֹת֡וֹ בְּטֶרֶם֩ יַעֲלֶ֨ה הַבָּמָ֜תָה לֶאֱכֹ֗ל כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יֹאכַ֤ל הָעָם֙ עַד־בֹּא֔וֹ כִּֽי־הוּא֙ יְבָרֵ֣ךְ הַזֶּ֔בַח אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יֹאכְל֣וּ הַקְּרֻאִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה עֲל֔וּ כִּֽי־אֹת֥וֹ כְהַיּ֖וֹם תִּמְצְא֥וּן אֹתֽוֹ׃ | As soon as you go into the city, you will find him before he goes up to the raised site to eat, for the people will not eat until he comes, because he will bless the sacrifice. After that, those invited will eat, so go up now, for at this time of day you will find him.” |
as soon as ← as (you go) ... so (you will find).
at this time of ← the same as. |
| 1 Sam 9:14 | וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ הָעִ֑יר הֵ֗מָּה בָּאִים֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וְהִנֵּ֤ה שְׁמוּאֵל֙ יֹצֵ֣א לִקְרָאתָ֔ם לַעֲל֖וֹת הַבָּמָֽה׃ ס | So they went up to the city, and as they went into the city, it so happened that Samuel was coming out towards them to go up to the raised site. | it so happened that ← and behold. |
| 1 Sam 9:15 | וַֽיהוָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה אֶת־אֹ֣זֶן שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד לִפְנֵ֥י בֽוֹא־שָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now the Lord had informed Samuel privately one day before Saul came, and he had said, | informed Samuel privately ← uncovered Samuel's ear. |
| 1 Sam 9:16 | כָּעֵ֣ת ׀ מָחָ֡ר אֶשְׁלַח֩ אֵלֶ֨יךָ אִ֜ישׁ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֗ן וּמְשַׁחְתּ֤וֹ לְנָגִיד֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֖י מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים כִּ֤י רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י כִּ֛י בָּ֥אָה צַעֲקָת֖וֹ אֵלָֽי׃ | “At about this time tomorrow, I will send a man from the land of Benjamin to you, and you will anoint him as leader over my people Israel, and he will deliver my people from the hands of the Philistines, for I have seen my people, for their cry has come to me.” | their cry ← its cry. |
| 1 Sam 9:17 | וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל רָאָ֣ה אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל וַיהוָ֣ה עָנָ֔הוּ הִנֵּ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ זֶ֖ה יַעְצֹ֥ר בְּעַמִּֽי׃ | So Samuel saw Saul, and the Lord affirmed to him, “Here is the man concerning whom I said to you, ‘This man will rule my people.’ ” |
affirmed ← answered, but the usage is wider, e.g. when no question asked.
here is ← behold. rule ← restrain, but also rule, have authority. |
| 1 Sam 9:18 | וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בְּת֣וֹךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י אֵי־זֶ֖ה בֵּ֥ית הָרֹאֶֽה׃ | Then Saul drew near to Samuel inside the gated area and said, “Please tell me, where is the seer's house?” | gated area ← gate. |
| 1 Sam 9:19 | וַיַּ֨עַן שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶת־שָׁא֗וּל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָנֹכִ֣י הָרֹאֶ֔ה עֲלֵ֤ה לְפָנַי֙ הַבָּמָ֔ה וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י הַיּ֑וֹם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֣יךָ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֖ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ | Then Samuel answered Saul and said, “I am the seer. Come up before me to the raised site, and you will eat with me today, and I will send you on your way in the morning, and I will tell you everything that is on your heart. | come up ... you ... you ... your: singular ... plural ... singular ... singular. Saul is with his servant-lad (v. 22). |
| 1 Sam 9:20 | וְלָאֲתֹנ֞וֹת הָאֹבְד֣וֹת לְךָ֗ הַיּוֹם֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֔ים אַל־תָּ֧שֶׂם אֶֽת־לִבְּךָ֛ לָהֶ֖ם כִּ֣י נִמְצָ֑אוּ וּלְמִי֙ כָּל־חֶמְדַּ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֲל֣וֹא לְךָ֔ וּלְכֹ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃ ס | And as for your donkeys which you lost three days ago, do not concern yourself with them, for they have been found. And for whom is all the desire of Israel? Is it not for you and for the whole house of your father?” | concern yourself with them ← lay your heart to them. |
| 1 Sam 9:21 | וַיַּ֨עַן שָׁא֜וּל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲל֨וֹא בֶן־יְמִינִ֤י אָ֙נֹכִי֙ מִקַּטַנֵּי֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִשְׁפַּחְתִּי֙ הַצְּעִרָ֔ה מִכָּֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת שִׁבְטֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וְלָ֙מָּה֙ דִּבַּ֣רְתָּ אֵלַ֔י כַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And Saul answered and said, “Am I not a Benjaminite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel, and is not my family the lowliest of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? So why have you spoken to me in this way?” | in this way ← as this word. |
| 1 Sam 9:22 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶת־שָׁא֣וּל וְאֶֽת־נַעֲר֔וֹ וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם לִשְׁכָּ֑תָה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֤ם מָקוֹם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַקְּרוּאִ֔ים וְהֵ֖מָּה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִֽישׁ׃ | Then Samuel took Saul and his servant-lad, and he brought them to the reception room, and he gave them a place at the head of those invited, of whom there were about thirty. | thirty ← thirty men. |
| 1 Sam 9:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ לַטַּבָּ֔ח תְּנָה֙ אֶת־הַמָּנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָ֑ךְ אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ שִׂ֥ים אֹתָ֖הּ עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And Samuel said to the cook, “Serve the portion which I gave to you, about which I said to you, ‘Keep it aside.’ ” |
serve ← give; put.
keep it aside ← put it with you. |
| 1 Sam 9:24 | וַיָּ֣רֶם הַ֠טַּבָּח אֶת־הַשּׁ֨וֹק וְהֶעָלֶ֜יהָ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֗וּל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִנֵּ֤ה הַנִּשְׁאָר֙ שִׂים־לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֱכֹ֔ל כִּ֧י לַמּוֹעֵ֛ד שָֽׁמוּר־לְךָ֥ לֵאמֹ֖ר הָעָ֣ם ׀ קָרָ֑אתִי וַיֹּ֧אכַל שָׁא֛וּל עִם־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | So the cook brought up the leg and what was on it and placed it before Saul. And Samuel said, “Here is what was reserved. Put it in front of you and eat, for it was kept for you for this occasion when I said, ‘I have invited the people.’ ” So Saul ate with Samuel on that day. |
Samuel: on the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. Here the pronoun he is implicit in the verb, and neither the cook nor Saul is the antecedent.
here is ← behold. occasion ← set time, season. |
| 1 Sam 9:25 | וַיֵּרְד֥וּ מֵהַבָּמָ֖ה הָעִ֑יר וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ | Then they went down from the raised site to the city, and he spoke with Saul on the roof-top. | |
| 1 Sam 9:26 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֗מוּ וַיְהִ֞י כַּעֲל֤וֹת הַשַּׁ֙חַר֙ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ *הגג **הַגָּ֣גָה לֵאמֹ֔ר ק֖וּמָה וַאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיָּ֣קָם שָׁא֗וּל וַיֵּצְא֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם ה֥וּא וּשְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַחֽוּצָה׃ | And they got up early, and as it was dawning, Samuel called to Saul {K: on} [Q: on] the roof-top and said, “Get up, and I will see you off.” So Saul got up and the two of them went out, he and Samuel, into the open. |
it was dawning ← dawn was arising.
on (qeré) ← onto. see you off ← send you. |
| 1 Sam 9:27 | הֵ֗מָּה יֽוֹרְדִים֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הָעִ֔יר וּשְׁמוּאֵ֞ל אָמַ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל אֱמֹ֥ר לַנַּ֛עַר וְיַעֲבֹ֥ר לְפָנֵ֖ינוּ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֑ר וְאַתָּה֙ עֲמֹ֣ד כַּיּ֔וֹם וְאַשְׁמִיעֲךָ֖ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר אֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And as they were going at the edge of the city, Samuel said to Saul, “Tell the servant-lad to move on ahead of us” – and he moved on – “but you stand still now, and I will proclaim the word of God to you.” | now ← about the day, but also now. |
| 1 Sam 10:1 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶת־פַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶן וַיִּצֹ֥ק עַל־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וַיִּשָּׁקֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲל֗וֹא כִּֽי־מְשָׁחֲךָ֧ יְהוָ֛ה עַל־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְנָגִֽיד׃ | And Samuel took the flask of oil and poured it on his head, and he kissed him, and he said, “Is it not the case that the Lord has anointed you as leader over his inheritance? | the flask: [CB] wrongly rejects the definite article. The word is made definite by the nomen rectum of the construct state. But the definiteness is surprising. Compare Gen 22:9. |
| 1 Sam 10:2 | בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֤ הַיּוֹם֙ מֵעִמָּדִ֔י וּמָצָאתָ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י אֲנָשִׁ֜ים עִם־קְבֻרַ֥ת רָחֵ֛ל בִּגְב֥וּל בִּנְיָמִ֖ן בְּצֶלְצַ֑ח וְאָמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ נִמְצְא֤וּ הָאֲתֹנוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣כְתָּ לְבַקֵּ֔שׁ וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָטַ֤שׁ אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י הָאֲתֹנ֔וֹת וְדָאַ֤ג לָכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לִבְנִֽי׃ | When you depart from me today, you will find two men at Rachel's tomb, at the border of Benjamin's territory at Zelzah, and they will say to you, ‘The donkeys which you went to look for have been found, and look, your father dropped the matter of the donkeys and became concerned for you, and he said, «What can I do for my son?» ’ | |
| 1 Sam 10:3 | וְחָלַפְתָּ֨ מִשָּׁ֜ם וָהָ֗לְאָה וּבָ֙אתָ֙ עַד־אֵל֣וֹן תָּב֔וֹר וּמְצָא֤וּךָ שָּׁם֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל אֶחָ֞ד נֹשֵׂ֣א ׀ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְדָיִ֗ים וְאֶחָד֙ נֹשֵׂ֗א שְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙ כִּכְּר֣וֹת לֶ֔חֶם וְאֶחָ֥ד נֹשֵׂ֖א נֵֽבֶל־יָֽיִן׃ | And you will pass on from there and go further on, and when you arrive at the oak tree of Tabor, there three men will meet you, going up to God in Beth-El, one leading three goat-kids, and one carrying three loaves of bread, and one carrying a skin-bottle of wine. | leading: the same word as carrying elsewhere in the sentence. [AnLx] III has to lead. |
| 1 Sam 10:4 | וְשָׁאֲל֥וּ לְךָ֖ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וְנָתְנ֤וּ לְךָ֙ שְׁתֵּי־לֶ֔חֶם וְלָקַחְתָּ֖ מִיָּדָֽם׃ | And they will ask you how you are, and they will give you two loaves of bread, and you will take them from them. |
how you are ← about (your) peace.
from them ← from their hand. |
| 1 Sam 10:5 | אַ֣חַר כֵּ֗ן תָּבוֹא֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם נְצִבֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וִיהִי֩ כְבֹאֲךָ֨ שָׁ֜ם הָעִ֗יר וּפָגַעְתָּ֞ חֶ֤בֶל נְבִיאִים֙ יֹרְדִ֣ים מֵֽהַבָּמָ֔ה וְלִפְנֵיהֶ֞ם נֵ֤בֶל וְתֹף֙ וְחָלִ֣יל וְכִנּ֔וֹר וְהֵ֖מָּה מִֽתְנַבְּאִֽים׃ | After that you will come to the hill of God where there are garrisons of Philistines, and it will come to pass when you arrive there at the city that you will meet a company of prophets coming down from the raised site, and in front of them will be a lute and a drum and a pipe and a harp, and they will prophesy. | |
| 1 Sam 10:6 | וְצָלְחָ֤ה עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וְהִתְנַבִּ֖יתָ עִמָּ֑ם וְנֶהְפַּכְתָּ֖ לְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵֽר׃ | And the spirit of the Lord will come over you, and you will prophesy with them, and you will be turned into another man. | |
| 1 Sam 10:7 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֥י *תבאינה **תָבֹ֛אנָה הָאֹת֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּמְצָ֣א יָדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And it will come to pass, when these signs come on you, that you will do whatever presents itself to you, for God is with you. |
come: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
presents itself to you ← your hand finds. |
| 1 Sam 10:8 | וְיָרַדְתָּ֣ לְפָנַי֮ הַגִּלְגָּל֒ וְהִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ יֹרֵ֣ד אֵלֶ֔יךָ לְהַעֲל֣וֹת עֹל֔וֹת לִזְבֹּ֖חַ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֑ים שִׁבְעַ֨ת יָמִ֤ים תּוֹחֵל֙ עַד־בּוֹאִ֣י אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֣י לְךָ֔ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And you will go down before me to Gilgal, and look, I am coming down to you to make burnt offerings and to offer peace-sacrifices. You will wait for seven days for me to come to you, and I will make known to you what you will do.” |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
offer ← sacrifice. |
| 1 Sam 10:9 | וְהָיָ֗ה כְּהַפְנֹת֤וֹ שִׁכְמוֹ֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ מֵעִ֣ם שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיַּהֲפָךְ־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵ֣ב אַחֵ֑ר וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ כָּל־הָאֹת֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס | And it came to pass when he turned his back to depart from Samuel that God replaced his heart by a different one, and all these signs came about on that day. |
back ← shoulder.
replaced his heart by a different one ← changed for him another heart. these signs ← those signs. |
| 1 Sam 10:10 | וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ שָׁם֙ הַגִּבְעָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּ֥ה חֶֽבֶל־נְבִאִ֖ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַתִּצְלַ֤ח עָלָיו֙ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֖א בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And when they came there – to the hill – it so happened that a group of prophets came towards him, and the spirit of God descended on him, and he prophesied among them. |
the hill: or Gibeah, as in Josh 15:57. We take it as the hill of 1 Sam 10:5.
it so happened that ← and behold. among them ← in their midst. |
| 1 Sam 10:11 | וַיְהִ֗י כָּל־יֽוֹדְעוֹ֙ מֵאִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם וַיִּרְא֕וּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה עִם־נְבִאִ֖ים נִבָּ֑א וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ מַה־זֶּה֙ הָיָ֣ה לְבֶן־קִ֔ישׁ הֲגַ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל בַּנְּבִיאִֽים׃ | And it came to pass that everyone who had known him for some time looked and saw that he prophesied with the prophets, and the people said to one another, “What is this that has happened to the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?” |
for some time ← from yesterday (and) the day before yesterday.
saw that ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 10:12 | וַיַּ֨עַן אִ֥ישׁ מִשָּׁ֛ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר וּמִ֣י אֲבִיהֶ֑ם עַל־כֵּן֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְמָשָׁ֔ל הֲגַ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל בַּנְּבִאִֽים׃ | And a man from there answered and said, “And who is their father?” Because of that it became a saying: “Is Saul also among the prophets?” | and who is their father?: perhaps with stress on their, making the point that ancestry isn't relevant in the office of a prophet. |
| 1 Sam 10:13 | וַיְכַל֙ מֵֽהִתְנַבּ֔וֹת וַיָּבֹ֖א הַבָּמָֽה׃ | Then he finished prophesying, and he went to the raised site. | |
| 1 Sam 10:14 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דּ֨וֹד שָׁא֥וּל אֵלָ֛יו וְאֶֽל־נַעֲר֖וֹ אָ֣ן הֲלַכְתֶּ֑ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְבַקֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת וַנִּרְאֶ֣ה כִי־אַ֔יִן וַנָּב֖וֹא אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ | Then Saul's uncle said to him and to his servant-lad, “Where did you go?” And he said, “To look for the donkeys. And when we saw that they weren't around, we went to Samuel.” | |
| 1 Sam 10:15 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר דּ֣וֹד שָׁא֑וּל הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י מָֽה־אָמַ֥ר לָכֶ֖ם שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ | And Saul's uncle said, “Please tell me, what did Samuel say to you?” | |
| 1 Sam 10:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דּוֹד֔וֹ הַגֵּ֤ד הִגִּיד֙ לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י נִמְצְא֖וּ הָאֲתֹנ֑וֹת וְאֶת־דְּבַ֤ר הַמְּלוּכָה֙ לֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֥ר שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ פ | And Saul said to his uncle, “He emphatically told us that the donkeys had been found.” But he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom which Samuel had spoken about. | emphatically told: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 10:17 | וַיַּצְעֵ֤ק שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | Meanwhile Samuel called the people together to the Lord in Mizpah. | Mizpah ← the Mizpah. AV differs (Mizpeh). See Josh 11:3. |
| 1 Sam 10:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָנֹכִ֛י הֶעֱלֵ֥יתִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וָאַצִּ֤יל אֶתְכֶם֙ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִיַּד֙ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת הַלֹּחֲצִ֖ים אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And he said to the sons of Israel, “The Lord God of Israel says this: ‘I brought Israel up from Egypt, and I delivered you from the grip of Egypt and the grip of all the kingdoms which were oppressing you. |
this ← thus.
grip (2x) ← hand. |
| 1 Sam 10:19 | וְאַתֶּ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם מְאַסְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא מוֹשִׁ֣יעַ לָכֶם֮ מִכָּל־רָעוֹתֵיכֶ֣ם וְצָרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒ וַתֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ כִּי־מֶ֖לֶךְ תָּשִׂ֣ים עָלֵ֑ינוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה הִֽתְיַצְּבוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וּלְאַלְפֵיכֶֽם׃ | But you today have rejected your God, who saves you from all your troubles and adversities, and you have said to him, «So appoint a king over us.» And now stand before the Lord according to your tribes and according to your thousands.’ ” | your thousands: or subdivisions of your tribes. |
| 1 Sam 10:20 | וַיַּקְרֵ֣ב שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | And Samuel had all the tribes of Israel approach, and the tribe of Benjamin was selected. | selected ← taken. |
| 1 Sam 10:21 | וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־שֵׁ֤בֶט בִּנְיָמִן֙ *למשפחתו **לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יו וַתִּלָּכֵ֖ד מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמַּטְרִ֑י וַיִּלָּכֵד֙ שָׁא֣וּל בֶּן־קִ֔ישׁ וַיְבַקְשֻׁ֖הוּ וְלֹ֥א נִמְצָֽא׃ | Then he had the tribe of Benjamin approach according to its {Q: families} [K: family], and the family of Matri was selected, and Saul the son of Kish was selected. And they looked for him, but he was not found. |
selected (2x) ← taken.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 10:22 | וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ־עוֹד֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה הֲבָ֥א ע֖וֹד הֲלֹ֣ם אִ֑ישׁ ס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּה־ה֥וּא נֶחְבָּ֖א אֶל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃ | Then they inquired of the Lord again, “Has the man come here yet?” And the Lord said, “Look, he has hidden among the equipment.” | |
| 1 Sam 10:23 | וַיָּרֻ֙צוּ֙ וַיִּקָּחֻ֣הוּ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּגְבַּהּ֙ מִכָּל־הָעָ֔ם מִשִּׁכְמ֖וֹ וָמָֽעְלָה׃ | So they ran and took him from there, and he stood among the people, and he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upwards. |
among ← in the midst of.
any ← all. |
| 1 Sam 10:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽחַר־בּ֣וֹ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין כָּמֹ֖הוּ בְּכָל־הָעָ֑ם וַיָּרִ֧עוּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And Samuel said to all the people, “Do you see whom the Lord has chosen? For there is no-one like him among all the people.” And all the people shouted and said, “May the king live.” |
whom the Lord has chosen: perhaps ironic, or standing for whom the Lord has let you choose.
may the king live: AV differs (God save the king). |
| 1 Sam 10:25 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶל־הָעָ֗ם אֵ֚ת מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הַמְּלֻכָ֔ה וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב בַּסֵּ֔פֶר וַיַּנַּ֖ח לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְשַׁלַּ֧ח שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And Samuel told the people the decision on the kingship, and he wrote it in a book and deposited it before the Lord. Then Samuel sent all the people away – each one to his home. | decision ← judgment. |
| 1 Sam 10:26 | וְגַ֨ם־שָׁא֔וּל הָלַ֥ךְ לְבֵית֖וֹ גִּבְעָ֑תָה וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ הַחַ֕יִל אֲשֶׁר־נָגַ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּלִבָּֽם׃ | And Saul went home to Gibeah, and with him went the army whose heart God had motivated so to do. | Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. Perhaps here the hill of 1 Sam 10:5. The place is probably in any case named after the hill there. |
| 1 Sam 10:27 | וּבְנֵ֧י בְלִיַּ֣עַל אָמְר֗וּ מַה־יֹּשִׁעֵ֙נוּ֙ זֶ֔ה וַיִּבְזֻ֕הוּ וְלֹֽא־הֵבִ֥יאוּ ל֖וֹ מִנְחָ֑ה וַיְהִ֖י כְּמַחֲרִֽישׁ׃ פ | But the riff-raff said, “How can this man save us?” And they despised him and did not bring him any offering. But he remained silent. |
riff-raff ← sons of Belial ← sons of without use.
silent ← as (one) silent. |
| 1 Sam 11:1 | וַיַּ֗עַל נָחָשׁ֙ הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֔י וַיִּ֖חַן עַל־יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֤י יָבֵישׁ֙ אֶל־נָחָ֔שׁ כְּרָת־לָ֥נוּ בְרִ֖ית וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ | Then Nahash the Ammonite went up and encamped against Jabesh-Gilead. And all the men of Jabesh said to Nahash, “Make a covenant with us, and we will serve you.” | Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Sam 11:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם נָחָשׁ֙ הָעַמּוֹנִ֔י בְּזֹאת֙ אֶכְרֹ֣ת לָכֶ֔ם בִּנְק֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־עֵ֣ין יָמִ֑ין וְשַׂמְתִּ֥יהָ חֶרְפָּ֖ה עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Nahash the Ammonite said to them, “On this condition I will make a covenant with you: that I gouge out every right eye of yours and make it a reproach on all Israel.” | |
| 1 Sam 11:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו זִקְנֵ֣י יָבֵ֗ישׁ הֶ֤רֶף לָ֙נוּ֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וְנִשְׁלְחָה֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאִם־אֵ֥ין מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ אֹתָ֖נוּ וְיָצָ֥אנוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And the elders of Jabesh said to him, “Give us seven days, and we will send envoys to every territory of Israel, and if we don't have anyone to save us, we will come out to you.” |
give ← desist, leave alone.
territory ← border. |
| 1 Sam 11:4 | וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת שָׁא֔וּל וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ הַדְּבָרִ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיִּשְׂא֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃ | And the envoys came to Gibeah of Saul, and they spoke the words in the audience of the people. And all the people raised their voice and wept. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
audience ← ears. |
| 1 Sam 11:5 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל בָּ֣א אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבָּקָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל מַה־לָּעָ֖ם כִּ֣י יִבְכּ֑וּ וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י אַנְשֵׁ֥י יָבֵֽישׁ׃ | And it so happened that Saul came following the cattle from the field, and Saul said, “What is the matter with the people making them weep?” And they told him the words of the men of Jabesh. |
it so happened that ← behold.
making them weep ← that they weep. |
| 1 Sam 11:6 | וַתִּצְלַ֤ח רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־שָׁא֔וּל *בשמעו **כְּשָׁמְע֖וֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּ֥חַר אַפּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ | Then the spirit of God came on Saul {K: when} [Q: as] he heard these words, and his anger was very much kindled. | |
| 1 Sam 11:7 | וַיִּקַּח֩ צֶ֨מֶד בָּקָ֜ר וַֽיְנַתְּחֵ֗הוּ וַיְשַׁלַּ֞ח בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בְּיַ֣ד הַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ לֵאמֹר֒ אֲשֶׁר֩ אֵינֶ֨נּוּ יֹצֵ֜א אַחֲרֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ וְאַחַ֣ר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כֹּ֥ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לִבְקָר֑וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל פַּֽחַד־יְהוָה֙ עַל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֵּצְא֖וּ כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | And he took a yoke of oxen and divided them in pieces and sent them to every territory of Israel by the hand of envoys and said, “As for anyone who does not come out behind Saul and behind Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen.” And the fear of the Lord fell on the people, and they came out in unison. |
territory ← border.
in unison ← as one man. |
| 1 Sam 11:8 | וַֽיִּפְקְדֵ֖ם בְּבָ֑זֶק וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אֶ֔לֶף וְאִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אָֽלֶף׃ | And he counted them in Bezek, and the sons of Israel were three hundred thousand in number, and the men of Judah came to thirty thousand. | |
| 1 Sam 11:9 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ לַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים הַבָּאִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה תֹֽאמְרוּן֙ לְאִישׁ֙ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֔ד מָחָ֛ר תִּהְיֶֽה־לָכֶ֥ם תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה *בחם **כְּחֹ֣ם הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֗ים וַיַּגִּ֛ידוּ לְאַנְשֵׁ֥י יָבֵ֖ישׁ וַיִּשְׂמָֽחוּ׃ | And they said to the envoys who came, “This is what you will say to the men of Jabesh-Gilead: ‘Tomorrow {K: in} [Q: at the time of] the heat of the sun, you will have salvation.’ ” So the envoys went back and reported it to the men of Jabesh, and they rejoiced at it. |
this is what ← thus.
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Sam 11:10 | וַֽיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יָבֵ֔ישׁ מָחָ֖ר נֵצֵ֣א אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָּ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | And the men of Jabesh said, “Tomorrow we will go out to you, and you will do to us whatever is right in your sight.” | |
| 1 Sam 11:11 | וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיָּ֨שֶׂם שָׁא֣וּל אֶת־הָעָם֮ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁים֒ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ בְתוֹךְ־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־חֹ֣ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיְהִ֤י הַנִּשְׁאָרִים֙ וַיָּפֻ֔צוּ וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרוּ־בָ֖ם שְׁנַ֥יִם יָֽחַד׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that Saul arranged the people in three contingents, and they went into the camp during the morning-watch, and they struck the Ammonites down until the heat of the day. And it came to pass that those remaining were scattered, and no two among them remained together. |
contingents ← heads.
the Ammonites ← Ammon. |
| 1 Sam 11:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָעָם֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל מִ֣י הָאֹמֵ֔ר שָׁא֖וּל יִמְלֹ֣ךְ עָלֵ֑ינוּ תְּנ֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וּנְמִיתֵֽם׃ | And the people said to Samuel, “Who is it that said, ‘Shall Saul reign over us?’ Give us the men so we can put them to death.” | so: purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 11:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל לֹֽא־יוּמַ֥ת אִ֖ישׁ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֥י הַיּ֛וֹם עָשָֽׂה־יְהוָ֥ה תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Then Saul said, “No-one shall be put to death on this day, for today the Lord accomplished salvation in Israel.” | |
| 1 Sam 11:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם לְכ֖וּ וְנֵלְכָ֣ה הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וּנְחַדֵּ֥שׁ שָׁ֖ם הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ | And Samuel said to the people, “Come, let us go to Gilgal and renew the kingship there.” | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 11:15 | וַיֵּלְכ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וַיַּמְלִכוּ֩ שָׁ֨ם אֶת־שָׁא֜וּל לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֛ם זְבָחִ֥ים שְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֨ח שָׁ֥ם שָׁא֛וּל וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־מְאֹֽד׃ פ | So all the people went to Gilgal, and they made Saul king there before the Lord at Gilgal, and they offered peace-sacrifices there before the Lord, and Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly. |
Gilgal (2x) ← the Gilgal.
offered ← sacrificed. |
| 1 Sam 12:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנֵּה֙ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי בְקֹֽלְכֶ֔ם לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לִ֑י וָאַמְלִ֥יךְ עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And Samuel said to the whole of Israel, “Look, I have given heed to your voice – everything you have said to me – and I have appointed a king over you. | |
| 1 Sam 12:2 | וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם וַאֲנִי֙ זָקַ֣נְתִּי וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי וּבָנַ֖י הִנָּ֣ם אִתְּכֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם מִנְּעֻרַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | So now, look, the king walks before you, but I have grown old and become grey-haired, but here are my sons with you, and I have walked before you from my youth up to this day. | here are ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 12:3 | הִנְנִ֣י עֲנ֣וּ בִי֩ נֶ֨גֶד יְהוָ֜ה וְנֶ֣גֶד מְשִׁיח֗וֹ אֶת־שׁוֹר֩ ׀ מִ֨י לָקַ֜חְתִּי וַחֲמ֧וֹר מִ֣י לָקַ֗חְתִּי וְאֶת־מִ֤י עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִ֣י רַצּ֔וֹתִי וּמִיַּד־מִי֙ לָקַ֣חְתִּי כֹ֔פֶר וְאַעְלִ֥ים עֵינַ֖י בּ֑וֹ וְאָשִׁ֖יב לָכֶֽם׃ | Here I am – testify against me in the presence of the Lord and in the presence of his anointed. Whose ox have I taken? Or whose donkey have I taken? Or whom have I oppressed? Whom have I maltreated? Or from whose hand have I received a bribe to turn a blind eye with it? – and I will restore it to you.” |
here I am ← behold me.
donkey: here it is a male (contrast 1 Sam 9:3). to turn a blind eye with it ← and I have hidden my eye with it. |
| 1 Sam 12:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א עֲשַׁקְתָּ֖נוּ וְלֹ֣א רַצּוֹתָ֑נוּ וְלֹֽא־לָקַ֥חְתָּ מִיַּד־אִ֖ישׁ מְאֽוּמָה׃ | And they said, “You have not oppressed us, and you have not maltreated us, and you have not taken anything from anyone's hand.” | |
| 1 Sam 12:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם עֵ֧ד יְהוָ֣ה בָּכֶ֗ם וְעֵ֤ד מְשִׁיחוֹ֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א מְצָאתֶ֛ם בְּיָדִ֖י מְא֑וּמָה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר עֵֽד׃ פ | And he said to them, “The Lord is a witness to you, and his anointed is a witness on this day that you have not found anything in my hand.” And each said, “He is a witness.” | witness to: or witness against. |
| 1 Sam 12:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אֶל־הָעָ֑ם יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלָ֛ה אֶת־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then Samuel said to the people, “It is the Lord who made Moses and Aaron, and who brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt. | made: AV differs (advanced). |
| 1 Sam 12:7 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִֽתְיַצְּב֛וּ וְאִשָּׁפְטָ֥ה אִתְּכֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה אִתְּכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And now, stand there and let me join issue with you before the Lord about all the righteous acts of the Lord which he did with you and with your fathers, | join issue ← contend (in law). |
| 1 Sam 12:8 | כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיּוֹצִ֤יאוּ אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַיֹּשִׁב֖וּם בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | when Jacob went to Egypt, and your fathers cried out to the Lord, and the Lord sent Moses and Aaron, and they brought your fathers out of Egypt and settled them in this place. | |
| 1 Sam 12:9 | וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּמְכֹּ֣ר אֹתָ֡ם בְּיַ֣ד סִֽיסְרָא֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א חָצ֜וֹר וּבְיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וּבְיַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בָּֽם׃ | But they forgot the Lord their God, so he sold them into the hand of Sisera, the commander of the army of Hazor, and into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab, and they fought against them. | |
| 1 Sam 12:10 | וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ *ויאמר **וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ | Then they cried out to the Lord, and {K: each said} [Q: they said], ‘We have sinned, for we have left the Lord and served the images of Baal and images of Astarte, but save us now from the hand of our enemies, and we will serve you.’ |
The ketiv has the same construction as 1 Sam 12:5.
images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| 1 Sam 12:11 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְאֶת־בְּדָ֔ן וְאֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיַּצֵּ֨ל אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִיַּ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיכֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בֶּֽטַח׃ | And the Lord sent Jerubbaal and Bedan and Jephthah, and Samuel, and he delivered you from your enemies round about, and you lived in security. |
Jerubbaal: i.e. Gideon. See Judg 7:1.
Bedan: it is hard to not suspect a scribal error for Barak. Bedan, בדן, is similar to ברך, which could ↴ Jephthah: see Judg 11:1. |
| 1 Sam 12:12 | וַתִּרְא֗וּ כִּֽי־נָחָ֞שׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֮ בָּ֣א עֲלֵיכֶם֒ וַתֹּ֣אמְרוּ לִ֔י לֹ֕א כִּי־מֶ֖לֶךְ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מַלְכְּכֶֽם׃ | And when you saw that Nahash king of the sons of Ammon had come against you, you said to me, ‘No, for a king will reign over us’, although the Lord your God is your king. |
↳ be misscribed from ברק, Barak, as the pronunciation is similar; note the softened qoph in Matt 27:46 (σαβαχθανί from Aramaic שְׁבַק).
although: concessive use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 12:13 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁאֶלְתֶּ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And now here is the king whom you chose, whom you asked for, and you see that the Lord has assigned a king over you. |
here is ← behold.
you see that ← behold. assigned ← given; appointed, but in this case on sufferance. |
| 1 Sam 12:14 | אִם־תִּֽירְא֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֣ם בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תַמְר֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וִהְיִתֶ֣ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֗ם וְגַם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָלַ֣ךְ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אַחַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | If you fear the Lord and serve him and heed his voice and do not resist the Lord's instructions, then both you and the king who reigns over you will be in the wake of the Lord your God. |
instructions ← mouth.
in the wake of ← after. |
| 1 Sam 12:15 | וְאִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וּמְרִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיְתָ֧ה יַד־יְהוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם וּבַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | But if you don't heed the voice of the Lord, and you rebel against the instructions of the Lord, then the hand of the Lord will be against you and against your fathers. |
instructions ← mouth.
and: perhaps, allowing for a change in tense, as (it was against your fathers). |
| 1 Sam 12:16 | גַּם־עַתָּה֙ הִתְיַצְּב֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עֹשֶׂ֖ה לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | Now too, stand and see this great proceeding which the Lord is about to do before your eyes. |
proceeding ← thing.
is about to do ← doing, but also admitting the immediate future. |
| 1 Sam 12:17 | הֲל֤וֹא קְצִיר־חִטִּים֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֶקְרָא֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיִתֵּ֥ן קֹל֖וֹת וּמָטָ֑ר וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֗וּ כִּֽי־רָעַתְכֶ֤ם רַבָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לִשְׁא֥וֹל לָכֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Is it not the wheat-harvest today? I will call out to the Lord, and he will produce rolls of thunder and rain, so be aware and see that your wickedness which you have committed is great in the eyes of the Lord in asking for a king for yourselves.” |
produce ← give, emit.
rolls of thunder ← voices, sounds. in asking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 12:18 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה קֹלֹ֥ת וּמָטָ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּירָ֨א כָל־הָעָ֥ם מְאֹ֛ד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ | Then Samuel called out to the Lord, and the Lord produced rolls of thunder and rain on that day, and all the people feared the Lord and Samuel greatly. |
produced: see 1 Sam 12:17.
rolls of thunder: see 1 Sam 12:17. |
| 1 Sam 12:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל הִתְפַּלֵּ֧ל בְּעַד־עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וְאַל־נָמ֑וּת כִּֽי־יָסַ֤פְנוּ עַל־כָּל־חַטֹּאתֵ֙ינוּ֙ רָעָ֔ה לִשְׁאֹ֥ל לָ֖נוּ מֶֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And all the people said to Samuel, “Pray to the Lord your God on behalf of your servants that we don't die, for we have added to all our sins a wicked thing in asking for a king for us.” | in asking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 12:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־הָעָם֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔אוּ אַתֶּ֣ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אַ֗ךְ אַל־תָּס֙וּרוּ֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶֽם׃ | And Samuel said to the people, “Do not fear – you have all done this wrong, but do not depart from following the Lord, and serve the Lord with all your heart. | from following ← from behind. |
| 1 Sam 12:21 | וְלֹ֖א תָּס֑וּרוּ כִּ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַתֹּ֗הוּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֛ילוּ וְלֹ֥א יַצִּ֖ילוּ כִּי־תֹ֥הוּ הֵֽמָּה׃ | And you shall not depart, for that would be to follow vain things which will not be of benefit and will not save you, for they are vain things. | vain (2x): the same word as desolate in Gen 1:2. |
| 1 Sam 12:22 | כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִטֹּ֤שׁ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר שְׁמ֣וֹ הַגָּד֑וֹל כִּ֚י הוֹאִ֣יל יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת אֶתְכֶ֛ם ל֖וֹ לְעָֽם׃ | For the Lord will not abandon his people, for the sake of his great name, for the Lord is willing to make you his people. | |
| 1 Sam 12:23 | גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֗י חָלִ֤ילָה לִּי֙ מֵחֲטֹ֣א לַֽיהוָ֔ה מֵחֲדֹ֖ל לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל בַּעַדְכֶ֑ם וְהוֹרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה וְהַיְשָׁרָֽה׃ | Also as for me, far be it from me that I should sin against the Lord by stopping praying on your behalf. And I will teach you the right and upright way. |
by stopping: gerundial use of the infinitive.
the ... way ← in the way. |
| 1 Sam 12:24 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ יְר֣אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֥ם אֹת֛וֹ בֶּאֱמֶ֖ת בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י רְא֔וּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הִגְדִּ֖ל עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | But fear the Lord and serve him in truth with all your heart, for see how he has done great things with you. | see how ← see that which. |
| 1 Sam 12:25 | וְאִם־הָרֵ֖עַ תָּרֵ֑עוּ גַּם־אַתֶּ֥ם גַּֽם־מַלְכְּכֶ֖ם תִּסָּפֽוּ׃ פ | But if you for your part decidedly act wickedly, both you and your king will perish.” | decidedly act wickedly: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 13:1 | בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁא֣וּל בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Saul was one year old when he started to reign, and he reigned over Israel for two years. |
was one year old: we take this as his age as another man (see 1 Sam 10:6 and 10:9). This is a foreshadowing (being only temporary) of “being born again” (John 3:3 - 3:5). The LXX omits the verse, but the Vulgate translates correctly. AV differs (reigned one year).
when he started to reign: the same construction as in 2 Sam 5:4. |
| 1 Sam 13:2 | וַיִּבְחַר־ל֨וֹ שָׁא֜וּל שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֮ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיִּהְי֨וּ עִם־שָׁא֜וּל אַלְפַּ֗יִם בְּמִכְמָשׂ֙ וּבְהַ֣ר בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְאֶ֗לֶף הָיוּ֙ עִם־י֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בְּגִבְעַ֖ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ין וְיֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם שִׁלַּ֖ח אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ | And Saul chose for himself three thousand men from Israel, and there were two thousand men with Saul in Michmas and at the mountain of Beth-El, and one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin, and he sent each of the rest of the people to his tent. |
Michmas: AV= Michmash. Spelled with a samech in Neh 7:31.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each. |
| 1 Sam 13:3 | וַיַּ֣ךְ יוֹנָתָ֗ן אֵ֣ת נְצִ֤יב פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגֶ֔בַע וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְשָׁאוּל֩ תָּקַ֨ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֤ר בְּכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׁמְע֖וּ הָעִבְרִֽים׃ | And Jonathan attacked the Philistines' garrison which was in Geba, and the Philistines heard about it, and Saul blew the ramshorn throughout all the land, and he said, “Let the Hebrews hear.” | |
| 1 Sam 13:4 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And all Israel heard it said, “Saul has defeated the Philistines' garrison, and also Israel has become odious among the Philistines.” And the people were called together behind Saul in Gilgal. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 13:5 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף רֶ֙כֶב֙ וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעָ֕ם כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַֽת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְמִכְמָ֔שׂ קִדְמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃ | And the Philistines gathered to fight against Israel – thirty thousand chariots and six thousand horsemen, and people like the sand on the sea-shore in profusion – and they came up and encamped at Michmas, to the east of Beth-Aven. |
against ← with. See Gen 14:8.
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| 1 Sam 13:6 | וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר־ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָעָ֗ם בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃ | And the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, for the people were distressed, and the people hid in caves and in thorn bushes and in rocks and in watchtowers and in pits. | |
| 1 Sam 13:7 | וְעִבְרִ֗ים עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶ֥רֶץ גָּ֖ד וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְשָׁאוּל֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם חָרְד֥וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And the Hebrews crossed the Jordan, to the land of Gad and Gilead, whereas Saul was still in Gilgal, and all the people were trembling behind him. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Sam 13:8 | *וייחל **וַיּ֣וֹחֶל ׀ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים לַמּוֹעֵד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וְלֹא־בָ֥א שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And he waited seven days, for the time which Samuel had said, but Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the people dispersed away from him. |
waited: the ketiv (piel stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (hiphil stem-formation). There is no difference in meaning.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 13:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּ֣שׁוּ אֵלַ֔י הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וַיַּ֖עַל הָעֹלָֽה׃ | Then Saul said, “Bring me a burnt offering and a peace-offering.” And he performed a burnt offering. | |
| 1 Sam 13:10 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְהַעֲל֣וֹת הָעֹלָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בָּ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א שָׁא֛וּל לִקְרָאת֖וֹ לְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass when he had finished offering the burnt offering that he saw Samuel coming, and Saul went out to meet him to bless him. | he saw ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 13:11 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֡וּל כִּֽי־רָאִיתִי֩ כִֽי־נָפַ֨ץ הָעָ֜ם מֵעָלַ֗י וְאַתָּה֙ לֹא־בָ֙אתָ֙ לְמוֹעֵ֣ד הַיָּמִ֔ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נֶאֱסָפִ֥ים מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ | And Samuel said, “What have you done?” And Saul said, “When I saw that the people had dispersed away from me, and that you had not come after the appointed number of days, and that the Philistines were assembled in Michmas, | Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| 1 Sam 13:12 | וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֠תָּה יֵרְד֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֵלַי֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א חִלִּ֑יתִי וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔ק וָאַעֲלֶ֖ה הָעֹלָֽה׃ ס | I then said, ‘Now the Philistines will descend on me in Gilgal, and I have not entreated the Lord.’ Then I constrained myself and offered a burnt offering.” |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
entreated ← appeased the face of. |
| 1 Sam 13:13 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ אֶת־מִצְוַ֞ת יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | At this Samuel said to Saul, “You have acted foolishly. You have not kept the commandments of the Lord your God which he commanded you, for the Lord would have now appointed your kingdom over Israel age-abidingly. |
commandments ← commandment, standing for body of commandments.
appointed ← prepared, directed. |
| 1 Sam 13:14 | וְעַתָּ֖ה מַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣ לֹא־תָק֑וּם בִּקֵּשׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֜וֹ אִ֣ישׁ כִּלְבָב֗וֹ וַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּ יְהוָ֤ה לְנָגִיד֙ עַל־עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶֽׁר־צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָֽה׃ פ | But now your kingdom will not stand. The Lord has sought a man for himself according to his heart, and the Lord will command him as leader of his people, for you have not kept what the Lord commanded you.” | Acts 13:22. |
| 1 Sam 13:15 | וַיָּ֣קָם שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל וַיַּ֛עַל מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל גִּבְעַ֣ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד שָׁא֗וּל אֶת־הָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצְאִ֣ים עִמּ֔וֹ כְּשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ | Then Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul counted the people who were present with him – about six hundred men. |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. present ← found. |
| 1 Sam 13:16 | וְשָׁא֞וּל וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְהָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א עִמָּ֔ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בְּגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃ | Then while Saul and Jonathan his son and the people who were present with them were living in Geba of Benjamin, the Philistines encamped at Michmas. |
present ← found.
Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 18:24, Judg 20:10. Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| 1 Sam 13:17 | וַיֵּצֵ֧א הַמַּשְׁחִ֛ית מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֑ים הָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֥ד יִפְנֶ֛ה אֶל־דֶּ֥רֶךְ עָפְרָ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ שׁוּעָֽל׃ | And the fighting force came out from the Philistines' camp in three contingents. One contingent turned into the road to Ophrah, to the land of Shual, |
fighting force ← corrupter; destroyer.
contingents ... contingent ← heads ... head. |
| 1 Sam 13:18 | וְהָרֹ֤אשׁ אֶחָד֙ יִפְנֶ֔ה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית חֹר֑וֹן וְהָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֤ד יִפְנֶה֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַגְּב֔וּל הַנִּשְׁקָ֛ף עַל־גֵּ֥י הַצְּבֹעִ֖ים הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ ס | and one contingent turned into the road to Beth-Horon, and one contingent turned into the road to the border which overlooks the Valley of Zeboim, going towards the desert. | |
| 1 Sam 13:19 | וְחָרָשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יִמָּצֵ֔א בְּכֹ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־*אמר **אָמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּ֚ן יַעֲשׂ֣וּ הָעִבְרִ֔ים חֶ֖רֶב א֥וֹ חֲנִֽית׃ | Now there was no blacksmith to be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, “Prevent them, in case the Hebrews make swords or spears.” |
had said: the ketiv is singular, perhaps indicating each said.
swords or spears ← a sword or a spear. |
| 1 Sam 13:20 | וַיֵּרְד֥וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים לִ֠לְטוֹשׁ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־מַחֲרַשְׁתּ֤וֹ וְאֶת־אֵתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־קַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃ | So all Israel went down to the Philistines for each to sharpen his ploughshare and his coulter and his axe and his mattock. | |
| 1 Sam 13:21 | וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה הַפְּצִ֣ירָה פִ֗ים לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙ וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔ים וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹן וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑ים וּלְהַצִּ֖יב הַדָּרְבָֽן׃ | And there was a file for the mattocks and coulters and for the three-pronged pitchfork and the axes, and to sharpen the goad. |
and there was a file ← and the edge-rubbing (device) was edges, or when bluntness was the edges.
sharpen ← set up, prepare. But the context requires sharpen, or perhaps shape. |
| 1 Sam 13:22 | וְהָיָה֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחֶ֔מֶת וְלֹ֨א נִמְצָ֜א חֶ֤רֶב וַחֲנִית֙ בְּיַ֣ד כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל וְאֶת־יוֹנָתָ֑ן וַתִּמָּצֵ֣א לְשָׁא֔וּל וּלְיוֹנָתָ֖ן בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass on the day of war that no sword or spear was to be found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan, but with Saul and Jonathan his son themselves each item was to be found. |
any of ← all.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 13:23 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶֽל־מַעֲבַ֖ר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס | And the Philistines' garrison went out to the pass of Michmas. | Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| 1 Sam 14:1 | וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו לְכָ֗ה וְנַעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַלָּ֑ז וּלְאָבִ֖יו לֹ֥א הִגִּֽיד׃ | Then it came to pass on a certain day that Jonathan the son of Saul said to his servant-lad carrying his arms, “Come, let us cross to the Philistines' garrison which is beyond this place.” And he did not tell his father. | |
| 1 Sam 14:2 | וְשָׁא֗וּל יוֹשֵׁב֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַגִּבְעָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת הָרִמּ֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמִגְר֑וֹן וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ כְּשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ | And Saul remained at the edge of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree which is in Migron, and the people who were with him were about six hundred in number. |
Gibeah ← the Gibeah. See Josh 15:57.
six hundred ← six hundred men. |
| 1 Sam 14:3 | וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִט֡וּב אֲחִ֡י אִיכָב֣וֹד ׀ בֶּן־פִּינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־עֵלִ֜י כֹּהֵ֧ן ׀ יְהוָ֛ה בְּשִׁל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֣א אֵפ֑וֹד וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י הָלַ֖ךְ יוֹנָתָֽן׃ | And Ahiah the son of Ahitub, the brother of I-Chabod the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh, wearing the ephod, remained there, and the people did not know that Jonathan had gone. | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Sam 14:4 | וּבֵ֣ין הַֽמַּעְבְּר֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּקֵּ֤שׁ יֽוֹנָתָן֙ לַֽעֲבֹר֙ עַל־מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שֵׁן־הַסֶּ֤לַע מֵהָעֵ֙בֶר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְשֵׁן־הַסֶּ֥לַע מֵהָעֵ֖בֶר מִזֶּ֑ה וְשֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ בּוֹצֵ֔ץ וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד סֶֽנֶּה׃ | Now among the passes which Jonathan undertook to cross to the Philistines' garrison was one with a precipice on each side of the pass, and the name of one side was Bozez, and the name of the other side was Senneh. |
among ← between.
undertook ← tried ← sought. precipice ← tooth of rock. on each side ← from this side and from this side. Senneh: AV= Seneh. |
| 1 Sam 14:5 | הַשֵּׁ֧ן הָאֶחָ֛ד מָצ֥וּק מִצָּפ֖וֹן מ֣וּל מִכְמָ֑שׂ וְהָאֶחָ֥ד מִנֶּ֖גֶב מ֥וּל גָּֽבַע׃ ס | And one precipice was a sheer edge to the north, facing Michmas, and the other was to the south, facing Geba. |
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2.
Geba: AV differs (Gibeah). See Josh 18:24, Judg 20:10. |
| 1 Sam 14:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃ | And Jonathan said to the servant-lad who was carrying his arms, “Come, and let us cross to the garrison of these uncircumcised men. Perhaps the Lord will act for us, for the Lord is not under any constraint to save by means of many or few.” | |
| 1 Sam 14:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו עֲשֵׂ֖ה כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ נְטֵ֣ה לָ֔ךְ הִנְנִ֥י עִמְּךָ֖ כִּלְבָבֶֽךָ׃ ס | And his arms-bearer said to him, “Do everything that is in your heart. Be resolute – here I am with you according to your intention.” |
be resolute ← incline your (heart).
here I am ← behold me. intention ← heart. |
| 1 Sam 14:8 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ עֹבְרִ֖ים אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִגְלִ֖ינוּ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Jonathan said, “Look, we will cross over to the men and reveal ourselves to them. | |
| 1 Sam 14:9 | אִם־כֹּ֤ה יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ דֹּ֕מּוּ עַד־הַגִּיעֵ֖נוּ אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְעָמַ֣דְנוּ תַחְתֵּ֔ינוּ וְלֹ֥א נַעֲלֶ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | If they say this to us: ‘Wait until we have come to you’, then we will stay on the spot, and we will not go up to them. |
this ← thus.
wait ← stop. Also be silent. come ← arrived. on the spot ← on our spot ← under us. |
| 1 Sam 14:10 | וְאִם־כֹּ֨ה יֹאמְר֜וּ עֲל֤וּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ וְעָלִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֵ֑נוּ וְזֶה־לָּ֖נוּ הָאֽוֹת׃ | But if they say this: ‘Come up to us’, then we will go up, for then the Lord will have delivered them into our hand, and this will be a sign to us.” | this ← thus. |
| 1 Sam 14:11 | וַיִּגָּל֣וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־מַצַּ֖ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הִנֵּ֤ה עִבְרִים֙ יֹֽצְאִ֔ים מִן־הַחֹרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִתְחַבְּאוּ־שָֽׁם׃ | And the two of them revealed themselves to the Philistines' garrison, and the Philistines said, “Look, the Hebrews are coming out of their holes where they hid themselves.” | |
| 1 Sam 14:12 | וַיַּעֲנוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמַּצָּבָ֜ה אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֣ן ׀ וְאֶת־נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ עֲל֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנוֹדִ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר פ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֤א כֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נְתָנָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his arms-bearer, and they said, “Come up to us, and we will make a thing known to you.” And Jonathan said to his arms-bearer, “Go up behind me, for the Lord has delivered them into Israel's hand.” | |
| 1 Sam 14:13 | וַיַּ֣עַל יוֹנָתָ֗ן עַל־יָדָיו֙ וְעַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו אַחֲרָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו מְמוֹתֵ֥ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | So Jonathan went up on his hands and feet with his arms-bearer behind him. And they fell before Jonathan, and his arms-bearer killed them after him. | after: or behind. |
| 1 Sam 14:14 | וַתְּהִ֞י הַמַּכָּ֣ה הָרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֧ה יוֹנָתָ֛ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָ֖יו כְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים אִ֑ישׁ כְּבַחֲצִ֥י מַעֲנָ֖ה צֶ֥מֶד שָׂדֶֽה׃ | And the first attack which Jonathan and his arms-bearer made was on about twenty men in the narrow space of about half a furrow which a yoke of oxen would plough in a field. | |
| 1 Sam 14:15 | וַתְּהִי֩ חֲרָדָ֨ה בַמַּחֲנֶ֤ה בַשָּׂדֶה֙ וּבְכָל־הָעָ֔ם הַמַּצָּב֙ וְהַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית חָרְד֖וּ גַּם־הֵ֑מָּה וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִ֖י לְחֶרְדַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And there was trembling in the camp, in the field, and among all the people. The garrison and the fighting force also trembled, and the land shook, and it was a tremendous trembling. | tremendous trembling ← trembling of God, an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6. But perhaps here trembling (caused by) God. |
| 1 Sam 14:16 | וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַצֹּפִים֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּגִבְעַ֖ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וְהִנֵּ֧ה הֶהָמ֛וֹן נָמ֖וֹג וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַהֲלֹֽם׃ פ | And Saul's watchmen in Gibeah of Benjamin looked and saw a crowd melt away this way and that way. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
saw ← behold. this way and that way ← and they went, and to here. AV differs (beating down one another). |
| 1 Sam 14:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל לָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ פִּקְדוּ־נָ֣א וּרְא֔וּ מִ֖י הָלַ֣ךְ מֵעִמָּ֑נוּ וַֽיִּפְקְד֔וּ וְהִנֵּ֛ה אֵ֥ין יוֹנָתָ֖ן וְנֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלָֽיו׃ | Then Saul said to the people who were with him, “Count now, and see who has gone away from us.” So they counted, and it turned out that Jonathan and his arms-bearer were absent. |
it turned out that ← behold.
absent ← not (there). |
| 1 Sam 14:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ לַֽאֲחִיָּ֔ה הַגִּ֖ישָׁה אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּֽי־הָיָ֞ה אֲר֧וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Saul said to Ahiah, “Bring the ark of God here”, for at that time the ark of God was with the sons of Israel. |
here ← near.
at that time ← on that day. with ← and. |
| 1 Sam 14:19 | וַיְהִ֗י עַ֣ד דִּבֶּ֤ר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהֶהָמ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וָרָ֑ב פ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר שָׁא֛וּל אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֱסֹ֥ף יָדֶֽךָ׃ | And it came to pass, while Saul was speaking to the priest, that the noise in the Philistines' camp became louder and louder, and Saul said to the priest, “Stay your hand.” |
while ← up to (when).
stay your hand: or withdraw your hand, i.e., [CB], from the ephod. |
| 1 Sam 14:20 | וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And Saul and all the people with him assembled and went to the battle, and it ensued that each man's sword was against his neighbour, and there was very great confusion. | it ensued that ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 14:21 | וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיוֹת֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיוֹנָתָֽן׃ | And moreover the Hebrews who had been in favour with the Philistines for some time, who had gone up with them in the camp, in the surroundings, re-joined Israel, which was with Saul and Jonathan. |
moreover: this comes from גַּם in 14:21b.
for some time ← as (of) yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. re-joined ← (assembled) to be with. |
| 1 Sam 14:22 | וְכֹל֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמִּֽתְחַבְּאִ֤ים בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נָ֖סוּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַֽיַּדְבְּק֥וּ גַם־הֵ֛מָּה אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And when every man of Israel who had been hiding in Mount Ephraim heard that the Philistines had fled, they too joined in pursuing them in the battle. | in pursuing ← after. |
| 1 Sam 14:23 | וַיּ֧וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהַ֨מִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָבְרָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃ | And the Lord saved Israel on that day, and the battle moved across to Beth-Aven. | |
| 1 Sam 14:24 | וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ ס | But the men of Israel were distressed on that day, and Saul adjured the people and said, “Cursed be the man who eats bread before this evening, so that I may be avenged of my enemies.” So none of the people tasted any bread. |
bread (2x): standing for food in general, including honey (see 1 Sam 14:27 - 28).
any ← all. |
| 1 Sam 14:25 | וְכָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּ֣אוּ בַיָּ֑עַר וַיְהִ֥י דְבַ֖שׁ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And the whole country went to a wood, and there was honey throughout the terrain. |
throughout ← on the surface of.
terrain ← field, but also countryside. |
| 1 Sam 14:26 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הָעָם֙ אֶל־הַיַּ֔עַר וְהִנֵּ֖ה הֵ֣לֶךְ דְּבָ֑שׁ וְאֵין־מַשִּׂ֤יג יָדוֹ֙ אֶל־פִּ֔יו כִּֽי־יָרֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָֽה׃ | And when the people came to the wood, they saw that there was a supply of honey, but no-one brought his hand to his mouth, for the people feared the oath. |
there was ← behold.
supply ← flow. |
| 1 Sam 14:27 | וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗ע בְּהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אָבִיו֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה הַמַּטֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיִּטְבֹּ֥ל אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּיַעְרַ֣ת הַדְּבָ֑שׁ וַיָּ֤שֶׁב יָדוֹ֙ אֶל־פִּ֔יו *ותראנה **וַתָּאֹ֖רְנָה עֵינָֽיו׃ | But Jonathan had not heard his father adjuring the people, and he poked with the end of the stick which was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, and he put his hand to his mouth, and his eyes {K: saw a vision} [Q: were enlightened]. |
The qeré may be an attempt to align the word with the word used in 1 Sam 14:29. AV differs, reading the qeré.
put ← returned. |
| 1 Sam 14:28 | וַיַּעַן֩ אִ֨ישׁ מֵֽהָעָ֜ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אָבִ֤יךָ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֥וּר הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֖עַף הָעָֽם׃ | And a man from the people reacted and said, “Your father solemnly adjured the people and said, ‘Cursed be the man who eats bread today.’ ” And the people became faint. |
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27.
solemnly adjured: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 14:29 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יֽוֹנָתָ֔ן עָכַ֥ר אָבִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ רְאוּ־נָא֙ כִּֽי־אֹ֣רוּ עֵינַ֔י כִּ֣י טָעַ֔מְתִּי מְעַ֖ט דְּבַ֥שׁ הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Jonathan said, “My father has caused the land sorrow. Look now, for my eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey. | |
| 1 Sam 14:30 | אַ֗ף כִּ֡י לוּא֩ אָכֹ֨ל אָכַ֤ל הַיּוֹם֙ הָעָ֔ם מִשְּׁלַ֥ל אֹיְבָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָצָ֑א כִּ֥י עַתָּ֛ה לֹֽא־רָבְתָ֥ה מַכָּ֖ה בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | How much better it would have been if only the people had eaten today from the spoil of their enemies which they found! For would there not now have been a greater defeat of the Philistines?” |
eaten: infinitive absolute, contributing to the sense of our ellipsis supplied.
their ... they ← its ... it. |
| 1 Sam 14:31 | וַיַּכּ֞וּ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מִמִּכְמָ֖שׂ אַיָּלֹ֑נָה וַיָּ֥עַף הָעָ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | And they struck the Philistines down on that day from Michmas to Aijalon, but the people were very faint. | Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| 1 Sam 14:32 | *ויעש **וַיַּ֤עַט הָעָם֙ אֶל־*שלל **הַשָּׁלָ֔ל וַיִּקְח֨וּ צֹ֧אן וּבָקָ֛ר וּבְנֵ֥י בָקָ֖ר וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ־אָ֑רְצָה וַיֹּ֥אכַל הָעָ֖ם עַל־הַדָּֽם׃ | And the people {K: acquired} [Q: covered themselves in] {K: spoil} [Q: the spoil], and they took sheep and oxen and calves, and they slaughtered them on the ground, and the people ate them with the blood. |
covered themselves (qeré): from עָטָה, fitting with spoil being clothing, which was very expensive in antiquity. Alternatively, read swooped, from עוּט.
on ← onto. Pregnant usage of the preposition. |
| 1 Sam 14:33 | וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לְשָׁאוּל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֥ה הָעָ֛ם חֹטִ֥אים לַֽיהוָ֖ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל עַל־הַדָּ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּגַדְתֶּ֔ם גֹּֽלּוּ־אֵלַ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם אֶ֥בֶן גְּדוֹלָֽה׃ | And they reported it to Saul, and they said, “Look, the people are sinning against the Lord by eating with the blood.” And he said, “You have dealt treacherously. Roll a large stone up to me this day.” | by eating: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 14:34 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֣וּל פֻּ֣צוּ בָעָ֡ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֡ם הַגִּ֣ישׁוּ אֵלַי֩ אִ֨ישׁ שׁוֹר֜וֹ וְאִ֣ישׁ שְׂיֵ֗הוּ וּשְׁחַטְתֶּ֤ם בָּזֶה֙ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תֶחֶטְא֥וּ לַֽיהוָ֖ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶל־הַדָּ֑ם וַיַּגִּ֨שׁוּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ שׁוֹר֧וֹ בְיָד֛וֹ הַלַּ֖יְלָה וַיִּשְׁחֲטוּ־שָֽׁם׃ | And Saul said, “Disperse among the people and say to them, ‘Let each man bring to me his ox, or let each man bring his sheep, and slaughter them here and eat them, and do not sin against the Lord by eating with the blood.’ ” So all the people brought their ox in their hand that night, and they slaughtered them there. |
bring ← bring near.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. Only the ox mentioned in the words following. by eating: gerundial use of the infinitive. their ... their ← its ... its. that night ← the night / tonight. |
| 1 Sam 14:35 | וַיִּ֧בֶן שָׁא֛וּל מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֹת֣וֹ הֵחֵ֔ל לִבְנ֥וֹת מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ | And Saul built an altar to the Lord. He began with this one in building altars to the Lord. |
this one ← it.
in building: gerundial use of the infinitive. altars ← an altar. |
| 1 Sam 14:36 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֡וּל נֵרְדָ֣ה אַחֲרֵי֩ פְלִשְׁתִּ֨ים ׀ לַ֜יְלָה וְֽנָבֹ֥זָה בָהֶ֣ם ׀ עַד־א֣וֹר הַבֹּ֗קֶר וְלֹֽא־נַשְׁאֵ֤ר בָּהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כָּל־הַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עֲשֵׂ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נִקְרְבָ֥ה הֲלֹ֖ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Saul said, “Let us go down after the Philistines at night and plunder them until the light of the morning, and let us not leave a man among them remaining.” And they said, “Do whatever is right in your sight.” And the priest said, “Let us draw near here to God.” | |
| 1 Sam 14:37 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל שָׁאוּל֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים הַֽאֵרֵד֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הֲתִתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֥א עָנָ֖הוּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And Saul inquired of God, “Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you deliver them into the hand of Israel?” But he did not answer him on that day. | |
| 1 Sam 14:38 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל גֹּ֣שֽׁוּ הֲלֹ֔ם כֹּ֖ל פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעָ֑ם וּדְע֣וּ וּרְא֔וּ בַּמָּ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֛ה הַחַטָּ֥את הַזֹּ֖את הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Then Saul said, “Come over here, all you princes of the people, and know and see what this sin today consisted of. |
princes ← corners, but also princes.
what this sin ... consisted of ← in what this sin was. |
| 1 Sam 14:39 | כִּ֣י חַי־יְהוָ֗ה הַמּוֹשִׁ֙יעַ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֧י אִם־יֶשְׁנ֛וֹ בְּיוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנִ֖י כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת יָמ֑וּת וְאֵ֥ין עֹנֵ֖הוּ מִכָּל־הָעָֽם׃ | For as the Lord, the saviour of Israel, lives, even if it is Jonathan my son who committed it, he will surely die.” But there was no-one among all the people who answered him. | it is Jonathan ... who committed it ← it is in Jonathan. |
| 1 Sam 14:40 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַתֶּם֙ תִּֽהְיוּ֙ לְעֵ֣בֶר אֶחָ֔ד וַֽאֲנִי֙ וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנִ֔י נִהְיֶ֖ה לְעֵ֣בֶר אֶחָ֑ד וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הָעָם֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עֲשֵֽׂה׃ ס | And he said to the whole of Israel, “You be on one side, and Jonathan and I will be on the other side.” And the people said to Saul, “Do what is right in your sight.” | one side ... the other side ← one side ... one side. |
| 1 Sam 14:41 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָ֣בָה תָמִ֑ים וַיִּלָּכֵ֧ד יוֹנָתָ֛ן וְשָׁא֖וּל וְהָעָ֥ם יָצָֽאוּ׃ | Then Saul said to the Lord God of Israel, “Give the verdict of the Thummim.” And Jonathan and Saul were indicted, whereas the people were exonerated. |
Thummim: here pointed as perfect (ones). Consonantally also Thummim, as in Ex 28:30, with the same meaning. See [CB].
indicted ... exonerated ← taken ... went out. |
| 1 Sam 14:42 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הַפִּ֕ילוּ בֵּינִ֕י וּבֵ֖ין יוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנִ֑י וַיִּלָּכֵ֖ד יוֹנָתָֽן׃ | Then Saul said, “Draw the lot between me and Jonathan my son.” And Jonathan was indicted. | indicted ← taken. |
| 1 Sam 14:43 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־י֣וֹנָתָ֔ן הַגִּ֥ידָה לִּ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָה וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ יוֹנָתָ֗ן וַיֹּאמֶר֩ טָעֹ֨ם טָעַ֜מְתִּי בִּקְצֵ֨ה הַמַּטֶּ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֛י מְעַ֥ט דְּבַ֖שׁ הִנְנִ֥י אָמֽוּת׃ | Then Saul said to Jonathan, “Tell me what you have done.” And Jonathan told him and said, “I did indeed taste a little honey with the end of my staff which is in my hand, and in consequence I will die.” |
I did indeed taste: infinitive absolute.
in consequence ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 14:44 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל כֹּֽה־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֑ף כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת תָּמ֖וּת יוֹנָתָֽן׃ | And Saul said, “May God do this and add more otherwise, for you will surely die, Jonathan.” |
This is the oath formula as in 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
this ... more ← thus ... thus. |
| 1 Sam 14:45 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל הֲֽיוֹנָתָ֤ן ׀ יָמוּת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָ֠שָׂה הַיְשׁוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ חָלִ֗ילָה חַי־יְהוָה֙ אִם־יִפֹּ֞ל מִשַּׂעֲרַ֤ת רֹאשׁוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה כִּֽי־עִם־אֱלֹהִ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּפְדּ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֖ן וְלֹא־מֵֽת׃ ס | And the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die, who achieved this great salvation in Israel? Far be it – as the Lord lives – no hair from his head shall fall to the ground, for he acted with God on this day. So the people delivered Jonathan, and he did not die.” |
no hair from his head shall fall ← if from the hair of his head shall fall, standing for if (it) falls ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
delivered ← redeemed. |
| 1 Sam 14:46 | וַיַּ֣עַל שָׁא֔וּל מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָלְכ֥וּ לִמְקוֹמָֽם׃ | Then Saul withdrew after the encounter with the Philistines, and the Philistines went to their own place. | withdrew ← went up. See [BDB] № 2e for examples of withdraw, retreat. |
| 1 Sam 14:47 | וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב ׀ בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צוֹבָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ | And Saul took the kingship over Israel, and he fought against all his enemies round about, against Moab, and against the sons of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines. And everywhere he turned, he caused harm. | |
| 1 Sam 14:48 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ חַ֔יִל וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד שֹׁסֵֽהוּ׃ ס | And he acted valiantly, and he struck Amalek down, and he delivered Israel from the hand of those who plundered it. | those who ← him who. |
| 1 Sam 14:49 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל יוֹנָתָ֥ן וְיִשְׁוִ֖י וּמַלְכִּי־שׁ֑וּעַ וְשֵׁם֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתָ֔יו שֵׁ֤ם הַבְּכִירָה֙ מֵרַ֔ב וְשֵׁ֥ם הַקְּטַנָּ֖ה מִיכַֽל׃ | And Saul's sons were Jonathan and Jishvi and Malchi-Shua, and as for the names of his two daughters, the name of the elder was Merab and the name of the younger was Michal. |
|| 1 Chr 8:33, 1 Chr 9:39.
Jishvi: AV= Ishui. Malchi-Shua: AV= Melchi-shua here, but elsewhere Malchi-Shua. |
| 1 Sam 14:50 | וְשֵׁם֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת שָׁא֔וּל אֲחִינֹ֖עַם בַּת־אֲחִימָ֑עַץ וְשֵׁ֤ם שַׂר־צְבָאוֹ֙ אֲבִינֵ֔ר בֶּן־נֵ֖ר דּ֥וֹד שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam the daughter of Ahimaaz, and the name of the commander of his army was Abner the son of Ner, Saul's uncle. | Abner ← Abiner, here, but elsewhere Abner. |
| 1 Sam 14:51 | וְקִ֧ישׁ אֲבִֽי־שָׁא֛וּל וְנֵ֥ר אֲבִֽי־אַבְנֵ֖ר בֶּן־אֲבִיאֵֽל׃ ס | And Kish was Saul's father, and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel. | |
| 1 Sam 14:52 | וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ חֲזָקָ֣ה עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרָאָ֨ה שָׁא֜וּל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ גִּבּוֹר֙ וְכָל־בֶּן־חַ֔יִל וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ ס | And the war against the Philistines was fierce, for all Saul's days, and when Saul saw any heroic man or any valiant man, he recruited him. |
fierce ← strong.
any (2x) ← every. valiant man ← son of valiance. recruited him ← gathered him to himself. |
| 1 Sam 15:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אֹתִ֨י שָׁלַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ לִמְשָׁחֳךָ֣ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ עַל־עַמּ֖וֹ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֣ה שְׁמַ֔ע לְק֖וֹל דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And Samuel said to Saul, “The Lord has sent me to anoint you as king over his people, over Israel, so now, listen to the voice of the words of the Lord. | |
| 1 Sam 15:2 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת פָּקַ֕דְתִּי אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עֲמָלֵ֖ק לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לוֹ֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בַּעֲלֹת֖וֹ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | The Lord of hosts says this: ‘I have examined what Amalek did to Israel, how he took a position on the way when Israel came up out of Egypt. |
this ← thus.
how ← that. took a position ← set himself. |
| 1 Sam 15:3 | עַתָּה֩ לֵ֨ךְ וְהִכִּֽיתָ֜ה אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֗ק וְהַֽחֲרַמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ל עָלָ֑יו וְהֵמַתָּ֞ה מֵאִ֣ישׁ עַד־אִשָּׁ֗ה מֵֽעֹלֵל֙ וְעַד־יוֹנֵ֔ק מִשּׁ֣וֹר וְעַד־שֶׂ֔ה מִגָּמָ֖ל וְעַד־חֲמֽוֹר׃ ס | Now go and strike Amalek down, and obliterate everything of his, and do not show mercy to him, and put to death both men and women, both child and baby, both ox and sheep, both camel and donkey.’ ” | The Hebrew idiom translated both ... and is literally from ... to, as if covering everything in a range, but there often is no range – just two discrete entities. Compare Gen 6:7. |
| 1 Sam 15:4 | וַיְשַׁמַּ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּפְקְדֵם֙ בַּטְּלָאִ֔ים מָאתַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִ֑י וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אֶת־אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And Saul summoned the people and counted them in Telaim – two hundred thousand infantrymen and ten thousand men of Judah. | |
| 1 Sam 15:5 | וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל עַד־עִ֣יר עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיָּ֖רֶב בַּנָּֽחַל׃ | And Saul came to the city of Amalek, and he contended with him in the ravine. |
contended: AV differs (laid wait), apparently reading וַיֶּאֱרֹב for וַיָּרֶב.
ravine ← stream, or wadi. |
| 1 Sam 15:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֣וּל אֶֽל־הַקֵּינִ֡י לְכוּ֩ סֻּ֨רוּ רְד֜וּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עֲמָלֵקִ֗י פֶּן־אֹֽסִפְךָ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֞ה עָשִׂ֤יתָה חֶ֙סֶד֙ עִם־כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּעֲלוֹתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֥סַר קֵינִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ עֲמָלֵֽק׃ | And Saul said to the Kenites, “Go, depart, go down away from the Amalekites, so that I don't destroy you with them, for you acted kindly towards all the sons of Israel when they came up out of Egypt.” And the Kenites departed and went away from Amalek. |
for: causal use of the vav.
from ← from inside / among. |
| 1 Sam 15:7 | וַיַּ֥ךְ שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק מֵֽחֲוִילָה֙ בּוֹאֲךָ֣ שׁ֔וּר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Saul attacked the Amalekites from Havilah to where you come to Shur which is opposite Egypt. | |
| 1 Sam 15:8 | וַיִּתְפֹּ֛שׂ אֶת־אֲגַ֥ג מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲמָלֵ֖ק חָ֑י וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הֶחֱרִ֥ים לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And he captured Agag king of the Amalekites alive, but he obliterated all the people by the edge of the sword. | |
| 1 Sam 15:9 | וַיַּחְמֹל֩ שָׁא֨וּל וְהָעָ֜ם עַל־אֲגָ֗ג וְעַל־מֵיטַ֣ב הַצֹּאן֩ וְהַבָּקָ֨ר וְהַמִּשְׁנִ֤ים וְעַל־הַכָּרִים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הַטּ֔וֹב וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וּ הַחֲרִימָ֑ם וְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָ֛ה נְמִבְזָ֥ה וְנָמֵ֖ס אֹתָ֥הּ הֶחֱרִֽימוּ׃ פ | But Saul and the people spared Agag and the best of the sheep, and the cattle, and the second best of them, and the fatted lambs, and all the goods, for they were not willing to obliterate them. But they obliterated all the despised artisanry, and it was all melted down and they obliterated it. |
the second best: AV differs (fatlings), reading וְהַמִּשְׁמַנִּים for וְהַמִּשְׁנִים.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 15:10 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Samuel and said, | came ← became. |
| 1 Sam 15:11 | נִחַ֗מְתִּי כִּֽי־הִמְלַ֤כְתִּי אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שָׁב֙ מֵאַֽחֲרַ֔י וְאֶת־דְּבָרַ֖י לֹ֣א הֵקִ֑ים וַיִּ֙חַר֙ לִשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּזְעַ֥ק אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | “I regret making Saul king, for he has turned away from following me, and he has not fulfilled my words.” And it infuriated Samuel, and he cried out to the Lord all night. | from following me ← from behind me. |
| 1 Sam 15:12 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֧ם שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל לִקְרַ֥את שָׁא֖וּל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִשְׁמוּאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר בָּֽא־שָׁא֤וּל הַכַּרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וְהִנֵּ֨ה מַצִּ֥יב לוֹ֙ יָ֔ד וַיִּסֹּב֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔ר וַיֵּ֖רֶד הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning, and the matter was reported to Samuel with the words, “Saul came to Carmel, and behold, he set up a landmark for himself, and he went round the perimeter, and he passed across, and he went down to Gilgal.” |
with the words ← saying.
landmark ← hand, but also memorial; place. Carmel ... Gilgal ← the Carmel ... the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 15:13 | וַיָּבֹ֥א שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ שָׁא֗וּל בָּר֤וּךְ אַתָּה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה הֲקִימֹ֖תִי אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Samuel went to Saul, and Saul said to him, “Be blessed by the Lord. I have fulfilled the word of the Lord.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וּמֶ֛ה קֽוֹל־הַצֹּ֥אן הַזֶּ֖ה בְּאָזְנָ֑י וְק֣וֹל הַבָּקָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃ | But Samuel said, “Now what is this sound of sheep in my ears, and the sound of oxen which I hear?” | |
| 1 Sam 15:15 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל מֵעֲמָלֵקִ֣י הֱבִיא֗וּם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָמַ֤ל הָעָם֙ עַל־מֵיטַ֤ב הַצֹּאן֙ וְהַבָּקָ֔ר לְמַ֥עַן זְבֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְאֶת־הַיּוֹתֵ֖ר הֶחֱרַֽמְנוּ׃ ס | And Saul said, “They have brought them from the Amalekites, because the people spared the best of the sheep and the oxen in order to sacrifice to the Lord your God, but we have obliterated the remainder.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הֶ֚רֶף וְאַגִּ֣ידָה לְּךָ֔ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י הַלָּ֑יְלָה *ויאמרו **וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ דַּבֵּֽר׃ ס | And Samuel said to Saul, “Stop, and I will tell you what the Lord said to me last night.” And {Q: he said} [K: they said] to him, “Speak.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל הֲל֗וֹא אִם־קָטֹ֤ן אַתָּה֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ רֹ֛אשׁ שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אָ֑תָּה וַיִּמְשָׁחֲךָ֧ יְהוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Samuel said, “Is it not so, that when you were unimportant in your own sight, you became the head of the tribes of Israel, and that the Lord anointed you as king over Israel? | unimportant ← small. |
| 1 Sam 15:18 | וַיִּשְׁלָחֲךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה בְּדָ֑רֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֵ֣ךְ וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֞ה אֶת־הַֽחַטָּאִים֙ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֔ק וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֣ ב֔וֹ עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתָ֖ם אֹתָֽם׃ | And the Lord sent you on an expedition and said, ‘Go and obliterate the sinners – the Amalekites – and fight them until you have finished them off.’ |
expedition ← road.
the Amalekites ... them ← Amalek ... him. you have finished ← their (= your men's) finishing of them. |
| 1 Sam 15:19 | וְלָ֥מָּה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וַתַּ֙עַט֙ אֶל־הַשָּׁלָ֔ל וַתַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | So why did you not obey the Lord, for you swooped on the spoil, and you did wrong in the sight of the Lord?” |
obey ← hear the voice of.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 15:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה וָאָבִ֗יא אֶת־אֲגַג֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וְאֶת־עֲמָלֵ֖ק הֶחֱרַֽמְתִּי׃ | And Saul said to Samuel, “I maintain that I have obeyed the Lord, and I went on the way which the Lord sent me, and I led Agag king of the Amalekites captive, and I obliterated the Amalekites. |
obeyed ← heard the voice of.
the Amalekites (2x) ← Amalek. |
| 1 Sam 15:21 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח הָעָ֧ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֛ל צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר רֵאשִׁ֣ית הַחֵ֑רֶם לִזְבֹּ֛חַ לַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | But the people took sheep and oxen from the spoil – the firstlings of the condemned animals to sacrifice to the Lord your God in Gilgal.” | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 15:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל הַחֵ֤פֶץ לַֽיהוָה֙ בְּעֹל֣וֹת וּזְבָחִ֔ים כִּשְׁמֹ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֤ה שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח ט֔וֹב לְהַקְשִׁ֖יב מֵחֵ֥לֶב אֵילִֽים׃ |
Then Samuel said,
“The Lord's pleasure in the offering of sacrifices Is as that of obeying the Lord's voice. Look, to obey is better than a sacrifice, And heeding him is better than the fat of rams. |
Mark 12:33 (allusion).
obeying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 15:23 | כִּ֤י חַטַּאת־קֶ֙סֶם֙ מֶ֔רִי וְאָ֥וֶן וּתְרָפִ֖ים הַפְצַ֑ר יַ֗עַן מָאַ֙סְתָּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּמְאָסְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס |
For rebellion is as the sin of divination, And stubbornness is as the wickedness of amulets. Since you have rejected the word of the Lord, He has rejected you as king.” |
stubbornness: infinitive absolute in the role of a noun or gerund.
amulets: see Gen 31:19. as ← from. |
| 1 Sam 15:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ חָטָ֔אתִי כִּֽי־עָבַ֥רְתִּי אֶת־פִּֽי־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־דְּבָרֶ֑יךָ כִּ֤י יָרֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וָאֶשְׁמַ֖ע בְּקוֹלָֽם׃ | Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned, for I have transgressed the utterance of the Lord and your words, for I feared the people and I obeyed them. | I obeyed them ← I listened to their voice. |
| 1 Sam 15:25 | וְעַתָּ֕ה שָׂ֥א נָ֖א אֶת־חַטָּאתִ֑י וְשׁ֣וּב עִמִּ֔י וְאֶֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | So now, please forgive my sin, and turn back with me, and I will worship the Lord.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:26 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מָאַ֙סְתָּה֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּמְאָסְךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה מִהְי֥וֹת מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | But Samuel said to Saul, “I will not turn back with you, for you rejected the word of the Lord, and the Lord has rejected you from being king over Israel.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:27 | וַיִּסֹּ֥ב שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיַּחֲזֵ֥ק בִּכְנַף־מְעִיל֖וֹ וַיִּקָּרַֽע׃ | Then when Samuel turned to depart, he grasped the hem of his coat, and it tore. | he grasped ... his coat: i.e. Saul grasped ... Samuel's coat. |
| 1 Sam 15:28 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל קָרַ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה אֶֽת־מַמְלְכ֧וּת יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵעָלֶ֖יךָ הַיּ֑וֹם וּנְתָנָ֕הּ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ הַטּ֥וֹב מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ | Then Samuel said to him, “The Lord has torn the kingdom of Israel away from you today, and he has given it to a compatriot of yours who is better than you. | compatriot ← neighbour. |
| 1 Sam 15:29 | וְגַם֙ נֵ֣צַח יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א יְשַׁקֵּ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִנָּחֵ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א אָדָ֛ם ה֖וּא לְהִנָּחֵֽם׃ | And moreover the perpetual one of Israel will not lie and will not relent, for he is not a man to relent.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:30 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חָטָ֔אתִי עַתָּ֗ה כַּבְּדֵ֥נִי נָ֛א נֶ֥גֶד זִקְנֵֽי־עַמִּ֖י וְנֶ֣גֶד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשׁ֣וּב עִמִּ֔י וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֖יתִי לַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | Then he said, “I have sinned. Now honour me, please, before the elders of my people and before Israel, and turn back with me, and I will worship the Lord your God.” | |
| 1 Sam 15:31 | וַיָּ֥שָׁב שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ שָׁא֖וּל לַֽיהוָֽה׃ ס | Then Samuel turned back to Saul, and Saul worshipped the Lord. | to ← after. |
| 1 Sam 15:32 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל הַגִּ֤ישׁוּ אֵלַי֙ אֶת־אֲגַג֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֵלָ֔יו אֲגַ֖ג מַעֲדַנֹּ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲגָ֔ג אָכֵ֖ן סָ֥ר מַר־הַמָּֽוֶת׃ ס | And Samuel said, “Bring me Agag king of the Amalekites.” Then Agag came to him winsomely, and Agag said, “Surely the bitterness of death has gone.” |
the Amalekites ← Amalek.
gone ← departed. |
| 1 Sam 15:33 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׁכְּלָ֤ה נָשִׁים֙ חַרְבֶּ֔ךָ כֵּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ל מִנָּשִׁ֖ים אִמֶּ֑ךָ וַיְשַׁסֵּ֨ף שְׁמוּאֵ֧ל אֶת־אֲגָ֛ג לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ ס |
But Samuel said,
“As your sword has bereaved women, So your mother will be bereaved among women.” And Samuel hacked Agag in pieces before the Lord in Gilgal. |
has bereaved: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence.
among women ← from women. Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 1 Sam 15:34 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הָרָמָ֑תָה וְשָׁא֛וּל עָלָ֥ה אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ גִּבְעַ֥ת שָׁאֽוּל׃ | Then Samuel went to Ramah, and Saul went up to his house in Gibeah of Saul. |
Ramah ← the Ramah.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| 1 Sam 15:35 | וְלֹא־יָסַ֨ף שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל לִרְא֤וֹת אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ עַד־י֣וֹם מוֹת֔וֹ כִּֽי־הִתְאַבֵּ֥ל שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וַיהוָ֣ה נִחָ֔ם כִּֽי־הִמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Samuel did not see Saul any more up to the day of his death, for Samuel mourned for Saul, and the Lord regretted having made Saul king over Israel. | |
| 1 Sam 16:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל עַד־מָתַי֙ אַתָּה֙ מִתְאַבֵּ֣ל אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַאֲנִ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֔יו מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מַלֵּ֨א קַרְנְךָ֜ שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֵ֤ךְ אֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ אֶל־יִשַׁ֣י בֵּֽית־הַלַּחְמִ֔י כִּֽי־רָאִ֧יתִי בְּבָנָ֛יו לִ֖י מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And the Lord said to Samuel, “How long will you mourn for Saul, whereas I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have provided myself with a king from among his sons.” |
Jesse ← Jishai, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Bethlehemite: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Sam 16:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֵ֣יךְ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי ס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה עֶגְלַ֤ת בָּקָר֙ תִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ לִזְבֹּ֥חַ לַֽיהוָ֖ה בָּֽאתִי׃ | Then Samuel said, “How can I go? If Saul hears of it, he will kill me.” And the Lord said, “Take a calf with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the Lord.’ |
calf ← calf of the oxen.
with you ← in your hand. |
| 1 Sam 16:3 | וְקָרָ֥אתָ לְיִשַׁ֖י בַּזָּ֑בַח וְאָֽנֹכִ֗י אוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֣ לִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֖ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | And invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will make known to you what you must do, and anoint for me him whom I tell you.” | |
| 1 Sam 16:4 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּ זִקְנֵ֤י הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֹ֥ם בּוֹאֶֽךָ׃ | And Samuel did what the Lord had told him, and he went to Bethlehem. And the elders of the city trembled at meeting him, and they said, “Is it in peace that you have come?” |
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19.
they said ← he, or one said. |
| 1 Sam 16:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ שָׁל֗וֹם לִזְבֹּ֤חַ לַֽיהוָה֙ בָּ֔אתִי הִֽתְקַדְּשׁ֔וּ וּבָאתֶ֥ם אִתִּ֖י בַּזָּ֑בַח וַיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־יִשַׁי֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָ֥א לָהֶ֖ם לַזָּֽבַח׃ | And he said, “It is in peace, to sacrifice to the Lord, that I have come. Sanctify yourselves and come with me to the sacrifice.” And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and he invited them to the sacrifice. | |
| 1 Sam 16:6 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֔ם וַיַּ֖רְא אֶת־אֱלִיאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַ֛ךְ נֶ֥גֶד יְהוָ֖ה מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when they came, that he saw Eliab, and he said, “Surely his anointed is before the Lord.” | || 1 Chr 2:13. |
| 1 Sam 16:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל אַל־תַּבֵּ֧ט אֶל־מַרְאֵ֛הוּ וְאֶל־גְּבֹ֥הַּ קוֹמָת֖וֹ כִּ֣י מְאַסְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֗א אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִרְאֶה֙ הָאָדָ֔ם כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה לַעֵינַ֔יִם וַיהוָ֖ה יִרְאֶ֥ה לַלֵּבָֽב׃ | But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance and the height of his stature, for I have rejected him, for it is not a matter of how man sees it, for man sees with his eyes, but the Lord looks at the heart.” | Rev 2:23. |
| 1 Sam 16:8 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א יִשַׁי֙ אֶל־אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־בָּזֶ֖ה לֹֽא־בָחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Jesse called for Abinadab, and they brought him for review before Samuel, but he said, “The Lord has not chosen this one either.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:13.
brought him for review ← made him pass. |
| 1 Sam 16:9 | וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר יִשַׁ֖י שַׁמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־בָּזֶ֖ה לֹא־בָחַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jesse brought Shammah for review, but he said, “The Lord has not chosen this one either.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:13.
brought ... for review ← made pass. |
| 1 Sam 16:10 | וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר יִשַׁ֛י שִׁבְעַ֥ת בָּנָ֖יו לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־יִשַׁ֔י לֹא־בָחַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵֽלֶּה׃ | So Jesse brought his seven sons before Samuel for review, and Samuel said to Jesse, “The Lord has not chosen these.” | brought ... for review ← made pass. |
| 1 Sam 16:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל אֶל־יִשַׁי֮ הֲתַ֣מּוּ הַנְּעָרִים֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר ע֚וֹד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֥ה רֹעֶ֖ה בַּצֹּ֑אן וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־יִשַׁי֙ שִׁלְחָ֣ה וְקָחֶ֔נּוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־נָסֹ֖ב עַד־בֹּא֥וֹ פֹֽה׃ | And Samuel said to Jesse, “Do these lads complete the number?” And he said, “The youngest still remains, and there he is tending the sheep.” Then Samuel said to Jesse, “Send for him and get him, for we will not wend our way until he comes here.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:15, Ruth 4:22.
youngest ← smallest. there he is ← behold. wend our way: AV differs (sit down), apparently reading נָסֹב as נֵשֵׁב. |
| 1 Sam 16:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ וְה֣וּא אַדְמוֹנִ֔י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם וְט֣וֹב רֹ֑אִי פ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה ק֥וּם מְשָׁחֵ֖הוּ כִּֽי־זֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ | So he sent for him and brought him. Now he was red-haired with handsome eyes and of fine appearance, and the Lord said, “Get up, anoint him, for this is him.” |
|| 1 Chr 2:15, Ruth 4:22.
red-haired: compare Gen 25:25. him: or, if the reader prefers, he. |
| 1 Sam 16:13 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶת־קֶ֣רֶן הַשֶּׁ֗מֶן וַיִּמְשַׁ֣ח אֹתוֹ֮ בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֶחָיו֒ וַתִּצְלַ֤ח רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד מֵהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָמָ֑עְלָה וַיָּ֣קָם שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הָרָמָֽתָה׃ ס | So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in full view of his brothers, and the spirit of the Lord came on David from that day on. Then Samuel arose and went to Ramah. |
|| 1 Chr 2:15, Ruth 4:22.
in full view of ← in the midst of. Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| 1 Sam 16:14 | וְר֧וּחַ יְהוָ֛ה סָ֖רָה מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וּבִֽעֲתַ֥תּוּ רֽוּחַ־רָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And the spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord alarmed him. | alarmed: or came upon suddenly, but elsewhere the word and its derivatives have to do with terror, alarm. |
| 1 Sam 16:15 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ עַבְדֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל אֵלָ֑יו הִנֵּה־נָ֧א רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִ֛ים רָעָ֖ה מְבַעִתֶּֽךָ׃ | And Saul's servants said to him, “It is apparent that an evil spirit of God is alarming you. | it is apparent that ← behold, please. |
| 1 Sam 16:16 | יֹאמַר־נָ֤א אֲדֹנֵ֙נוּ֙ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ יְבַקְשׁ֕וּ אִ֕ישׁ יֹדֵ֖עַ מְנַגֵּ֣ן בַּכִּנּ֑וֹר וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֨וֹת עָלֶ֤יךָ רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ רָעָ֔ה וְנִגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ וְט֥וֹב לָֽךְ׃ פ | Please let our lord tell your servants before you to seek a man who is skilled in playing the harp, and it will come to pass when there is an evil spirit of God on you that he will play music plucking with his hand, and you will feel better.” |
skilled ← knowing.
you will feel better ← good to you. |
| 1 Sam 16:17 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שָׁא֖וּל אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו רְאוּ־נָ֣א לִ֗י אִ֚ישׁ מֵיטִ֣יב לְנַגֵּ֔ן וַהֲבִיאוֹתֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | Then Saul said to his servants, “Provide me, then, with a man who is good at playing music, and bring him to me.” | |
| 1 Sam 16:18 | וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה רָאִ֜יתִי בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ יֹדֵ֣עַ נַ֠גֵּן וְגִבּ֨וֹר חַ֜יִל וְאִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֛ה וּנְב֥וֹן דָּבָ֖ר וְאִ֣ישׁ תֹּ֑אַר וַיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And one of the servant-lads answered and said, “Look, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite who is skilled in playing music and who is a valiant warrior and a man of war, and with common sense and who is a man of handsome appearance, and the Lord is with him.” |
Bethlehemite: see Gen 35:19.
is skilled ← knows. with common sense ← intelligent of a word / matter. |
| 1 Sam 16:19 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־יִשָׁ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁלְחָ֥ה אֵלַ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֥ד בִּנְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּצֹּֽאן׃ | So Saul sent messengers to Jesse, who said, “Send me David your son who is with the sheep.” | |
| 1 Sam 16:20 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח יִשַׁ֜י חֲמ֥וֹר לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְנֹ֣אד יַ֔יִן וּגְדִ֥י עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַ֛ח בְּיַד־דָּוִ֥ד בְּנ֖וֹ אֶל־שָׁאֽוּל׃ | Then Jesse took a donkey, and bread and a skin-bottle of wine, and one kid of the goats, and he sent them under the charge of David his son to Saul. | under the charge ← by the hand. |
| 1 Sam 16:21 | וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֣הֽוּ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלִֽים׃ | And David came to Saul and stood before him, and Saul liked David a lot, and he became his arms-bearer. | Saul liked David ← he liked him. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| 1 Sam 16:22 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁא֔וּל אֶל־יִשַׁ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר יַעֲמָד־נָ֤א דָוִד֙ לְפָנַ֔י כִּֽי־מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָֽי׃ | And Saul sent a messenger to Jesse to say, “Please let David stand before me, for he has pleased me.” | pleased me ← found grace in my eyes. |
| 1 Sam 16:23 | וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֤וֹת רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַכִּנּ֖וֹר וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְט֣וֹב ל֔וֹ וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה׃ פ | And it came to pass, when the spirit from God was on Saul, that David took the harp and played it plucking it with his hand, and Saul had relief and felt better, and the evil spirit departed from him. |
spirit from God ← spirit of God. “From” is given in 1 Sam 16:14. Wider use of the construct state.
felt better ← (it was) good to him. |
| 1 Sam 17:1 | וַיַּאַסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ שֹׂכֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִיהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בֵּין־שׂוֹכֹ֥ה וּבֵין־עֲזֵקָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥פֶס דַּמִּֽים׃ | Then the Philistines mobilized their battalions for war, and they were assembled in Sochoh which is in Judah, and they encamped between Sochoh and Azekah in Ephes-Dammim. |
mobilized ← gathered.
battalions ← camps. Sochoh (2x): AV= Shochoh. Sometimes AV= Socoh, once Shocho (2 Chr 28:18). MT does not always have the final hé, reflected in AV, but we harmonize the English. |
| 1 Sam 17:2 | וְשָׁא֤וּל וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נֶאֶסְפ֔וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֑ה וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And Saul and the men of Israel assembled and encamped in the Valley of Elah, and they drew up for war against the Philistines. | |
| 1 Sam 17:3 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים עֹמְדִ֤ים אֶל־הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹמְדִ֥ים אֶל־הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וְהַגַּ֖יְא בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ | Now the Philistines were stationed on one side of the mountain, and Israel was stationed on the other side of the mountain, and there was a valley between them. |
stationed (2x) ← standing.
on one side ... on the other side ← from this ... from this. |
| 1 Sam 17:4 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א אִֽישׁ־הַבֵּנַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּחֲנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים גָּלְיָ֥ת שְׁמ֖וֹ מִגַּ֑ת גָּבְה֕וֹ שֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת וָזָֽרֶת׃ | And a duellist went out from the Philistines' camps, whose name was Goliath, from Gath, and his height was six cubits and a span. |
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm.
span: see Ex 28:16. |
| 1 Sam 17:5 | וְכ֤וֹבַע נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשִׁרְי֥וֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂ֖ים ה֣וּא לָב֑וּשׁ וּמִשְׁקַל֙ הַשִּׁרְי֔וֹן חֲמֵשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים שְׁקָלִ֖ים נְחֹֽשֶֽׁת׃ | And there was a copper helmet on his head, and he wore scaled armour, and the weight of his armour was five thousand shekels of copper. | wore ← (was) clothed in. |
| 1 Sam 17:6 | וּמִצְחַ֥ת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רַגְלָ֑יו וְכִיד֥וֹן נְחֹ֖שֶׁת בֵּ֥ין כְּתֵפָֽיו׃ | And he had copper leg-armour on his legs, and a copper javelin between his shoulders. |
javelin: AV differs (target), in the old sense of a shield.
between his shoulders: probably on his back; perhaps across his shoulders. |
| 1 Sam 17:7 | *וחץ **וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֗וֹ כִּמְנוֹר֙ אֹֽרְגִ֔ים וְלַהֶ֣בֶת חֲנִית֔וֹ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת שְׁקָלִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְנֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And his spear was {K: an arrow} [Q: of wood] like a weaver's beam, and the head of his spear weighed six hundred iron shekels, and his shield-bearer went in front of him. | weaver's beam ← beam of weavers. |
| 1 Sam 17:8 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃ | And he stood and called to the regiments of Israel, and he said to them, “Why have you come out to draw up for war? Am I not a Philistine, and you Saul's servants? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down against me. | against: or to. |
| 1 Sam 17:9 | אִם־יוּכַ֞ל לְהִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתִּי֙ וְהִכָּ֔נִי וְהָיִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם לַעֲבָדִ֑ים וְאִם־אֲנִ֤י אֽוּכַל־לוֹ֙ וְהִכִּיתִ֔יו וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לָ֙נוּ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃ | If he is able to fight with me, and he strikes me down, then we will be your servants, but if I prevail over him and strike him down, then you will be our servants, and you will serve us.” | |
| 1 Sam 17:10 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד׃ | And the Philistine said, “I defy the regiments of Israel this day. Give me a man and let us fight together!” | |
| 1 Sam 17:11 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃ פ | And Saul and the whole of Israel heard these words of the Philistine, and they were very fearful and afraid. | |
| 1 Sam 17:12 | וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ | Now David was the son of this Ephrathite man from Bethlehem Judah whose name was Jesse, who had eight sons, and the man was becoming old in the days of Saul, going about his affairs among men. | Ephrathite ... Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19, both for the equivalent names and the transliteration. |
| 1 Sam 17:13 | וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃ | And the eldest three sons of Jesse had gone to follow Saul to battle, and the names of his three sons who went to battle were Eliab the firstborn, and his second-born Abinadab, and the third one, Shammah. | had gone to follow ← went ... went behind. |
| 1 Sam 17:14 | וְדָוִ֖ד ה֣וּא הַקָּטָ֑ן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ ס | And David was the youngest, and the three eldest went behind Saul. | |
| 1 Sam 17:15 | וְדָוִ֛ד הֹלֵ֥ךְ וָשָׁ֖ב מֵעַ֣ל שָׁא֑וּל לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־צֹ֥אן אָבִ֖יו בֵּֽית־לָֽחֶם׃ | Now David had departed and was returning from Saul to tend his father's sheep at Bethlehem. | Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Sam 17:16 | וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ פ | And the Philistine approached early in the morning and in the evening, and he took a stand for forty days. | early in the morning ... in the evening: infinitive absolute in the role of an adverb in both cases. |
| 1 Sam 17:17 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשַׁ֜י לְדָוִ֣ד בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א לְאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵיפַ֤ת הַקָּלִיא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָרֵ֥ץ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לְאַחֶֽיךָ׃ | Meanwhile Jesse said to David his son, “Please take this ephah of roasted corn and these ten loaves to your brothers, and bring them quickly to the encampment for your brothers. |
meanwhile: wider use of the vav.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| 1 Sam 17:18 | וְ֠אֵת עֲשֶׂ֜רֶת חֲרִצֵ֤י הֶֽחָלָב֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה תָּבִ֖יא לְשַׂר־הָאָ֑לֶף וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְקֹ֣ד לְשָׁל֔וֹם וְאֶת־עֲרֻבָּתָ֖ם תִּקָּֽח׃ | And bring these ten slices of cheese to the commander of a thousand, and bid your brothers good fortune, and take their pledge.” |
cheese ← milk.
good fortune ← peace, but also welfare, prosperity. pledge: of faithfulness? [BDB]= token (of welfare). See also [CB]. |
| 1 Sam 17:19 | וְשָׁא֤וּל וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק הָֽאֵלָ֑ה נִלְחָמִ֖ים עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And Saul and they and every man of Israel were in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Sam 17:20 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And David rose early in the morning and left the sheep to a guardian, and he loaded up and departed as Jesse had commanded him, and he arrived at the entrenchment, and the army was going out to the opposing regiment, and they sounded a call to battle. | loaded up ← lifted, carried. |
| 1 Sam 17:21 | וַתַּעֲרֹ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מַעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את מַעֲרָכָֽה׃ | And Israel drew up its lines, as did the Philistines – regiment against regiment. | |
| 1 Sam 17:22 | וַיִּטֹּשׁ֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים מֵעָלָ֗יו עַל־יַד֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַכֵּלִ֔ים וַיָּ֖רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְאֶחָ֖יו לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And David left his equipment behind him in the hands of his equipment-guardian, and he ran to the regiment, and when he arrived, he asked his brothers how they were faring. | how they were faring ← about peace. |
| 1 Sam 17:23 | וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ *ממערות **מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃ | And just as he was speaking with them, the duellist came up, whose name was Goliath the Philistine from Gath, {K: from the caves} [Q: from the regiments] of the Philistines, and he spoke similar words to the previous ones, and David heard them. |
just ← behold, in the next clause.
similar words to the previous ones ← as these words. |
| 1 Sam 17:24 | וְכֹל֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּרְאוֹתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃ | And when they saw the man, all the men of Israel fled from him and were very afraid. | from him ← from his presence. |
| 1 Sam 17:25 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Now the men of Israel had said, “Have you seen this man who has come up, for he comes up to defy Israel, and the king would make the man who could strike him down rich with great wealth, and he would give him his daughter, and he would make his father's house free in Israel.” | the king would make ← it will be that the king (would) make. |
| 1 Sam 17:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ | And David spoke to the men who were standing with him and said, “What will be done for the man who strikes this Philistine down and removes the reproach from Israel, for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, for he has defied the regiments of the living God?” | |
| 1 Sam 17:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יֵעָשֶׂ֔ה לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכֶּֽנּוּ׃ | And the people spoke to him as described above and said, “So shall it be done for the man who strikes him down.” | as described above ← as this word. |
| 1 Sam 17:28 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃ | And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke to the men, and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, “Why is it that you have come down, and to whom have you left those few sheep in the desert? I know your insolence and the wickedness of your heart, for you came down to watch the battle.” | eldest ← biggest / greatest. |
| 1 Sam 17:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָ֑תָּה הֲל֖וֹא דָּבָ֥ר הֽוּא׃ | Then David said, “What have I done now? Isn't there business to attend to?” | isn't there business to attend to: AV differs (is there not a cause), which is also possible. |
| 1 Sam 17:30 | וַיִּסֹּ֤ב מֵֽאֶצְלוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְשִׁבֻ֤הוּ הָעָם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּדָּבָ֖ר הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | And he turned away from him towards someone else, and he spoke in the same way, and the people answered him in a similar way to the first time. |
answered him ← returned him word.
in a similar way to the first time ← as the first word. |
| 1 Sam 17:31 | וַיְּשָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃ | And when the words which David spoke were heard, they reported them in Saul's presence, and he fetched him. | |
| 1 Sam 17:32 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃ | And David said to Saul, “Do not let anyone's heart sink because of him. Your servant will go and fight against this Philistine.” | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Sam 17:33 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס | Then Saul said to David, “You cannot go to this Philistine to fight against him, for you are a lad, whereas he has been a warrior from his youth.” | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Sam 17:34 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃ | Then David said to Saul, “Your servant was a shepherd among the sheep for his father, and a lion came, and a bear, and it took a sheep from the flock. | a lion ... a bear ← the lion ... the bear. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 1 Sam 17:35 | וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃ | And I went out after it and struck it down and delivered the sheep from its mouth, and it rose up against me, but I seized its beard and struck it down and killed it. | beard: or mane, usage being wider, [BDB]= lower jaw, and in the Talmud it includes pubic hair [MJ]. Not the specific word for mane (רַעְמָה). |
| 1 Sam 17:36 | גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס | Your servant struck down both the lion and the bear, and this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, for he has defied the regiments of the living God.” | |
| 1 Sam 17:37 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And David said, “The Lord who delivered me from the grip of the lion and from the grip of the bear will deliver me from the grip of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord will be with you.” | grip (3x) ← hand. |
| 1 Sam 17:38 | וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃ | Then Saul clothed David with his livery, and he put a copper helmet on his head, and he put armour on him. | livery ... armour: AV differs somewhat (armour ... coat of mail). |
| 1 Sam 17:39 | וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And David girded his sword on his livery and set about walking, for he had not practised with it, and David said to Saul, “I can't walk in these things, for I have not practised with them.” So David took them off. |
practised with it ... practised with them: or tried (it out) ... tried (them out).
off ← from on him. |
| 1 Sam 17:40 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חַלֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃ | And he took his staff in his hand, and he chose five smooth stones from the brook and put them in the shepherd's bag which he had and in his satchel. And his sling was in his hand, and he approached the Philistine. |
smooth stones ← smooth (ones) of stones, with the construct state of the adjective. See [Ges HG] §132c.
bag ← vessel; equipment. |
| 1 Sam 17:41 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃ | Then the Philistine came, getting closer and closer to David, and the man who bore the shield went before him. | |
| 1 Sam 17:42 | וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃ | And the Philistine looked and saw David, and he despised him, because he was a lad, and red-haired, and with an elegant appearance. | red-haired: compare Gen 25:25. |
| 1 Sam 17:43 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃ | And the Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, in that you come to me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. | |
| 1 Sam 17:44 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס | And the Philistine said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and to the wild animals.” | wild ← of the countryside / field. |
| 1 Sam 17:45 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃ | And David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with your sword and your spear and with your javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the ranks of Israel, whom you have defied. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 17:46 | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | This day the Lord will deliver you up into my hand, and I will strike you down, and I will remove your head from you, and I will give the corpses of the Philistines' camp this day to the birds of the sky and to the wild animals of the land, and all the land will know that Israel has a God. |
corpses ← corpse. Collective usage. Many Philistines are killed in 1 Sam 17:52.
land (2x): or earth. |
| 1 Sam 17:47 | וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃ | And this whole convocation will know that it is not by sword or by spear that the Lord saves, for the battle is the Lord's, and he will deliver you into our hands.” | |
| 1 Sam 17:48 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃ | And it came to pass that the Philistine arose and walked and approached David, and David hastened and ran to the ranks towards the Philistine. | approached ← approached towards. |
| 1 Sam 17:49 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | And David put his hand in his bag and took a stone from there, and he slung it, and he struck the Philistine on his forehead, and the stone penetrated into his forehead, and he fell to the ground face down. |
bag ← vessel; equipment.
face down ← on his face. |
| 1 Sam 17:50 | וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃ | So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone, and he struck the Philistine and killed him, while there was no sword in David's hand. | |
| 1 Sam 17:51 | וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ | Then David ran and stood over the Philistine, and he took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and killed him, and he cut his head off with it. And the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, and they fled. | |
| 1 Sam 17:52 | וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן׃ | Then the men of Israel and Judah rose up and shouted and pursued the Philistines to where you come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the Philistines' casualties fell along the way to Shaaraim and to Gath and to Ekron. | |
| 1 Sam 17:53 | וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדְּלֹ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֶת־מַחֲנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the sons of Israel returned from ardently pursuing the Philistines, and they pillaged their camps. | ardently pursuing ← burning after. |
| 1 Sam 17:54 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֖יו שָׂ֥ם בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃ ס | And David took the Philistine's head, and he brought it to Jerusalem, and he put his equipment in his tent. | |
| 1 Sam 17:55 | וְכִרְא֨וֹת שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֗ד יֹצֵא֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אָמַ֗ר אֶל־אַבְנֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ | And when Saul saw David coming out against the Philistine, he said to Abner the commander of the army, “Whose son is this young man, Abner?” And Abner said, “I swear by your own life, O king, I do not know.” |
life ← soul.
I do not know ← if I know, standing for if I know, may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. In colloquial English: I'll be damned if I know. |
| 1 Sam 17:56 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׁאַ֣ל אַתָּ֔ה בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃ ס | And the king said, “You ask whose son the lad is.” | whose ← of this whom, taking the demonstrative adjective with the interrogative pronoun. |
| 1 Sam 17:57 | וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then when David returned from striking the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with the Philistine's head in his hand. | |
| 1 Sam 17:58 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד בֶּֽן־עַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשַׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית הַלַּחְמִֽי׃ | And Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?” And David said, “The son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.” | Bethlehemite: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Sam 18:1 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד *ויאהבו **וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ | And it came to pass when he had finished speaking to Saul that Jonathan's deepest feelings were bound to David's deepest feelings, and Jonathan loved him as his own self. |
loved him: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
deepest feelings (2x) ← soul. self ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 18:2 | וַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּ שָׁא֖וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְלֹ֣א נְתָנ֔וֹ לָשׁ֖וּב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃ | And Saul took him on that day, and he did not let him return to his father's house. | him: David, presumably. |
| 1 Sam 18:3 | וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ | Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own self. | self ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 18:4 | וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃ | And Jonathan took off his coat which was on him, and he gave it to David, and his livery, and even his sword and even his bow and even his girdle. | even (3x) ← up to. |
| 1 Sam 18:5 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּ שָׁאוּל֙ יַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּ שָׁא֔וּל עַ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם וְגַ֕ם בְּעֵינֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ פ | And David went out to everywhere that Saul sent him, and he acted prudently. And Saul appointed him over the warriors, and he was popular with all the people, and also with Saul's servants. | was popular with ... also with ← was good in the eyes of ... also in the eyes of. |
| 1 Sam 18:6 | וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּב דָּוִד֙ מֵהַכּ֣וֹת אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה הַנָּשִׁ֜ים מִכָּל־עָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ *לשור **לָשִׁ֣יר וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת לִקְרַ֖את שָׁא֣וּל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בְּתֻפִּ֥ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃ | And it came to pass, as they were coming in when David was returning from striking the Philistine, that the women came out from all the cities of Israel to sing, and with dancing, converging on Saul the king, with drums and rejoicing and triangles. |
to sing: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
Philistine: perhaps standing for Philistines, gentilic nouns often using the singular for the plural, and see the next verse. triangles: or three stringed harps. |
| 1 Sam 18:7 | וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹת וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָ הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃ |
And the women who played sang in turns and said,
“Saul has struck down his {Q: thousands} [K: thousand], But David his tens of thousands.” |
The ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. See 1 Sam 21:12 (1 Sam 21:11AV). |
| 1 Sam 18:8 | וַיִּ֨חַר לְשָׁא֜וּל מְאֹ֗ד וַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָתְנ֤וּ לְדָוִד֙ רְבָב֔וֹת וְלִ֥י נָתְנ֖וּ הָאֲלָפִ֑ים וְע֥וֹד ל֖וֹ אַ֥ךְ הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ | And Saul became very angry, and this matter displeased him, and he said, “They have credited David with tens of thousands, whereas they have only credited me with thousands. And what more will he have but the kingdom?” |
displeased him ← was bad in his eyes.
whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 18:9 | וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֖וּל *עון **עוֹיֵ֣ן אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד מֵהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃ ס | And Saul {Q: viewed David with envy} [K: viewed David malevolently] from that day on. |
We have taken the ketiv as from root עוה, giving עָוֹן, literally (was) with David iniquity. The qeré is from the denominative verb עין.
malevolently: or iniquitously. |
| 1 Sam 18:10 | וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַתִּצְלַ֣ח רוּחַ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ רָעָ֤ה ׀ אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣א בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֔יִת וְדָוִ֛ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ כְּי֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֑וֹם וְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And it came to pass on the next day that an evil spirit from God came on Saul, and he prophesied inside the house, while David was playing music plucking with his hand, as on other days, and there was a spear in Saul's hand. |
as on other days ← as day on day.
a spear ← the spear. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 1 Sam 18:11 | וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃ | And Saul threw the spear and said, “I will strike David down against the wall.” But David dodged him twice. | dodged him ← turned from his presence. |
| 1 Sam 18:12 | וַיִּרָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל מִלִּפְנֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּמֵעִ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל סָֽר׃ | And Saul feared David, for the Lord was with him, but from Saul he had departed. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 18:13 | וַיְסִרֵ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ ל֖וֹ שַׂר־אָ֑לֶף וַיֵּצֵ֥א וַיָּבֹ֖א לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ פ | Then Saul removed him from his presence, and he appointed him as his commander of a thousand, and he went out and came before the people. | from his presence ← from with him. |
| 1 Sam 18:14 | וַיְהִ֥י דָוִ֛ד לְכָל־דָּרְכָ֖ו מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And David was prudent in all his ways, and the Lord was with him. | ways: the consonantal text reads way, but perhaps this can be considered a scriptio defectiva spelling of ways. Compare Ex 27:11, Josh 16:3. |
| 1 Sam 18:15 | וַיַּ֣רְא שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא מַשְׂכִּ֣יל מְאֹ֑ד וַיָּ֖גָר מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | And Saul saw that he was very prudent, and he was afraid of him. | |
| 1 Sam 18:16 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּֽי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And all Israel and Judah loved David, for he went out and came in in their presence. | he went out and came in: i.e. went about his day-to-day affairs. |
| 1 Sam 18:17 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה מֵרַב֙ אֹתָהּ֙ אֶתֶּן־לְךָ֣ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֱיֵה־לִּ֣י לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל וְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁא֣וּל אָמַ֗ר אַל־תְּהִ֤י יָדִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ ס | And Saul said to David, “Here is my elder daughter Merab. I will give her to you as a wife, but be a warrior to me and fight the Lord's wars.” And Saul said to himself, “Don't let my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him.” |
here is ← behold.
elder: or eldest, but only two daughters are mentioned. warrior ← son of valour. but (second occurrence in verse): adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 18:18 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל מִ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ וּמִ֣י חַיַּ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת אָבִ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־אֶהְיֶ֥ה חָתָ֖ן לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then David said to Saul, “Who am I, and what is my life, or my father's family in Israel, that I should be the king's son-in-law?” | |
| 1 Sam 18:19 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֵ֥ת תֵּ֛ת אֶת־מֵרַ֥ב בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל לְדָוִ֑ד וְהִ֧יא נִתְּנָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל הַמְּחֹלָתִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | But it came to pass, at the time when Merab Saul's daughter was to be given to David, that she was given to Adriel the Meholathite as a wife. | was to be given ← to give. |
| 1 Sam 18:20 | וַתֶּאֱהַ֛ב מִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֔וּל וַיִּשַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ | But Michal, Saul's daughter, loved David, and they told Saul, and he approved of the matter. | he approved of the matter ← it was right in his eyes. |
| 1 Sam 18:21 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And Saul said, “I will give her to him, and she will be a snare to him, and the hand of the Philistines will be on him.” And Saul said to David, “Make it so that I am a father-in-law through both daughters today.” | David is asked to marry the second daughter, so that Saul is a father-in-law through both. |
| 1 Sam 18:22 | וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ו דַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Saul commanded his servants and said, “Speak to David secretly and say, ‘It is apparent that the king is pleased with you. And all his servants like you, so now, marry into the king's family.’ ” |
his servants: the consonantal text reads his servant, but it is followed by a plural verb. Compare 1 Sam 18:4.
it is apparent that ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 18:23 | וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃ | So Saul's servants spoke these words to David privately, to which David said, “Is it a light matter in your sight to marry into the king's family, seeing I am a poor and insignificant man?” |
to David privately ← in David's ears.
seeing: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 18:24 | וַיַּגִּ֜דוּ עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁא֛וּל ל֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה דִּבֶּ֥ר דָּוִֽד׃ פ | And Saul's servants reported back to him and said, “David said such and such.” | such and such ← according to these things / words. |
| 1 Sam 18:25 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | Then Saul said, “This is what you will say to David: ‘The king has no wish for a dowry, but rather for one hundred foreskins of the Philistines, so as to be avenged on the king's enemies.’ ” But Saul intended to cause David to fall at the hand of the Philistines. |
this ← thus.
intended ← thought. |
| 1 Sam 18:26 | וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ עֲבָדָ֤יו לְדָוִד֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And his servants told David these things, and David approved of the matter, to marry into the king's family. And before the days were completed, |
David approved of the matter ← the matter was right in David's eyes.
before ... were completed ← while ... were not completed. |
| 1 Sam 18:27 | וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ ה֣וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו וַיַּ֣ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ מָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ וַיָּבֵ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶת־עָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְמַלְא֣וּם לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | David arose and set off, he and his men, and he struck two hundred men of the Philistines down, and David brought their foreskins, and they presented them to the king for him to marry into the king's family. Then Saul gave him Michal his daughter to be his wife. | presented ← fulfilled, or consecrated. |
| 1 Sam 18:28 | וַיַּ֤רְא שָׁאוּל֙ וַיֵּ֔דַע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֲהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃ | And Saul saw and knew that the Lord was with David, and that Michal, Saul's daughter, loved him. | |
| 1 Sam 18:29 | וַיֹּ֣אסֶף שָׁא֗וּל לֵרֹ֛א מִפְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד ע֑וֹד וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֛וּל אֹיֵ֥ב אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | And Saul became even more afraid of David, and Saul became more hostile to David day by day. | day by day ← all the days. |
| 1 Sam 18:30 | וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ ס | Then the commanders of the Philistines came out, and it came to pass that whenever they came out, David was more prudent than any of Saul's servants, and he was greatly esteemed. |
any ← all.
he ← his name. |
| 1 Sam 19:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל־יוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּנוֹ֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל חָפֵ֥ץ בְּדָוִ֖ד מְאֹֽד׃ | And Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all the servants about how to kill David, ¶ but Jonathan Saul's son liked David very much. | ¶ Verse division: the AV has part of this verse in 1 Sam 19:2. |
| 1 Sam 19:2 | וַיַּגֵּ֤ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃ | And Jonathan spoke to David and said, “Saul my father is looking for a way to kill you, so now, please, beware in the morning, and live in a secret place and hide. | Verse division: the AV has part of 1 Sam 19:1 in this verse. |
| 1 Sam 19:3 | וַאֲנִ֨י אֵצֵ֜א וְעָמַדְתִּ֣י לְיַד־אָבִ֗י בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר בְּךָ֖ אֶל־אָבִ֑י וְרָאִ֥יתִי מָ֖ה וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָֽךְ׃ ס | Meanwhile I will go out and stand at my father's side in the field where you are, and I will speak about you to my father, and I will see what happens, and I will tell you.” | meanwhile: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 19:4 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּדָוִד֙ ט֔וֹב אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו אַל־יֶחֱטָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹ בְדָוִ֗ד כִּ֣י ל֤וֹא חָטָא֙ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֥י מַעֲשָׂ֖יו טוֹב־לְךָ֥ מְאֹֽד׃ | And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father, and he said to him, “Let the king not sin against his servant David, for he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have been very good for you, | |
| 1 Sam 19:5 | וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃ | and he put his life in his hand and struck the Philistines, and the Lord performed a great act of salvation for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced, so why should you sin against innocent blood in killing David gratuitously?” |
life ← soul. David risked his life.
in killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 19:6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל בְּק֣וֹל יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל חַי־יְהוָ֖ה אִם־יוּמָֽת׃ | And Saul heeded Jonathan, and Saul swore, “As the Lord lives, he will certainly not be put to death.” |
heeded ← heard the voice of.
he will certainly not be put to death: standing for if he is ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Sam 19:7 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיְהִ֥י לְפָנָ֖יו כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ ס | Then Jonathan called for David, and Jonathan told him all these things, and Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he would be in his presence as previously. | previously ← as yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| 1 Sam 19:8 | וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | And there was war again, and David went out and fought the Philistines, and he dealt them a severe blow, and they fled from his presence. | dealt ← struck. |
| 1 Sam 19:9 | וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ רָעָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵית֣וֹ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִית֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד׃ | Then an evil spirit from the Lord came on Saul, when he was sitting at home with his spear in his hand, and David was playing music, plucking with his hand, | came ← became. |
| 1 Sam 19:10 | וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא׃ פ | and Saul tried to strike David against the wall with the spear, but he evaded Saul, who struck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night. |
tried ← sought.
evaded ← burst out / let escape + from the face of. Not the same word as dodged in 1 Sam 18:11. |
| 1 Sam 19:11 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ שָׁא֨וּל מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל־בֵּ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁמְר֔וֹ וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד מִיכַ֤ל אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִם־אֵ֨ינְךָ֜ מְמַלֵּ֤ט אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת׃ | Then Saul sent agents to David's house, to watch him and to kill him in the morning, but Michal his wife told David and said, “If you do not save yourself tonight, you will be put to death tomorrow.” |
agents: or messengers.
yourself ← your soul. |
| 1 Sam 19:12 | וַתֹּ֧רֶד מִיכַ֛ל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּעַ֣ד הַחַלּ֑וֹן וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיִּמָּלֵֽט׃ | And Michal lowered David through a window, and he departed and fled and escaped. | a window ← the window. |
| 1 Sam 19:13 | וַתִּקַּ֨ח מִיכַ֜ל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֗ים וַתָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶל־הַמִּטָּ֔ה וְאֵת֙ כְּבִ֣יר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שָׂ֖מָה מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וַתְּכַ֖ס בַּבָּֽגֶד׃ ס | And Michal took the amulets and put them on the bed, and she put the goat's hair pillow at his head-end and covered it with a garment. | amulets: see Gen 31:19. In Gen 31:34, they are small, in the saddle, but here they may include something approaching a life-size statue. |
| 1 Sam 19:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים לָקַ֣חַת אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ פ | Now Saul had sent agents to seize David, and she said, “He is ill.” | agents: or messengers. |
| 1 Sam 19:15 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַעֲל֨וּ אֹת֧וֹ בַמִּטָּ֛ה אֵלַ֖י לַהֲמִתֽוֹ׃ | Then Saul sent agents to watch David, and he said, “Bring him up to me in the bed, so that I can kill him.” | agents: or messengers. |
| 1 Sam 19:16 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֶל־הַמִּטָּ֑ה וּכְבִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו׃ | When the agents came, what they saw was the amulets on the bed and the goat's hair pillow at his head-end. |
what they saw was ← behold.
amulets: see Gen 31:19 and 1 Sam 19:13. |
| 1 Sam 19:17 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־מִיכַ֗ל לָ֤מָּה כָּ֙כָה֙ רִמִּיתִ֔נִי וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥י אֶת־אֹיְבִ֖י וַיִּמָּלֵ֑ט וַתֹּ֤אמֶר מִיכַל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הוּא־אָמַ֥ר אֵלַ֛י שַׁלְּחִ֖נִי לָמָ֥ה אֲמִיתֵֽךְ׃ | Then Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me like this and let my enemy go, so he has escaped?” And Michal said to Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go. Why should I kill you?’ ” | |
| 1 Sam 19:18 | וְדָוִ֨ד בָּרַ֜ח וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט וַיָּבֹ֤א אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל֙ הָרָמָ֔תָה וַיַּ֨גֶּד־ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־ל֖וֹ שָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הוּא֙ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ *בנוית **בְּנָֽיוֹת׃ | So David fled and escaped, and he went to Samuel in Ramah, and he told him everything that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel departed and stayed in {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith]. | The ketiv has a vav + yod where the qeré has yod + vav. Interchange of these (similar) letters is a common reason for a qeré reading. |
| 1 Sam 19:19 | וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְשָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד *בנוית **בְּנָי֖וֹת בָּרָמָֽה׃ | And it was reported to Saul as follows: “Look, David is in {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith] in Ramah.” |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 1 Sam 19:18.
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| 1 Sam 19:20 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁא֣וּל מַלְאָכִים֮ לָקַ֣חַת אֶת־דָּוִד֒ וַיַּ֗רְא אֶֽת־לַהֲקַ֤ת הַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּאִ֔ים וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל עֹמֵ֥ד נִצָּ֖ב עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתְּהִ֞י עַֽל־מַלְאֲכֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵֽמָּה׃ | Then Saul sent agents to seize David, and they saw the company of prophets prophesying, with Samuel standing by, having been appointed over them, and the spirit of God came on Saul's agents, and they also prophesied. |
they saw ← he / it saw.
came ← became. |
| 1 Sam 19:21 | וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵ֑מָּה וַיֹּ֣סֶף שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים שְׁלִשִׁ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם־הֵֽמָּה׃ | And they reported this to Saul, and he sent other agents, but they also prophesied. So Saul sent agents again – a third group – but they also prophesied. | |
| 1 Sam 19:22 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ גַּם־ה֜וּא הָרָמָ֗תָה וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־בּ֤וֹר הַגָּדוֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵיפֹ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה *בנוית **בְּנָי֥וֹת בָּרָמָֽה׃ | Then he also went to Ramah, and he came to the big cistern which is in Sechu, and he inquired and asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” And the person said, “He is in {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith] in Ramah.” |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 1 Sam 19:18.
asked ← said. he is ← behold. In a modern idiom one could translate for your information, he is .... |
| 1 Sam 19:23 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שָׁ֔ם אֶל־*נוית **נָי֖וֹת בָּרָמָ֑ה וַתְּהִי֩ עָלָ֨יו גַּם־ה֜וּא ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔א עַד־בֹּא֖וֹ *בנוית **בְּנָי֥וֹת בָּרָמָֽה׃ | So he went there, to {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith] in Ramah, and the spirit of God came on him too, and he prophesied as he went, until he came to {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith] in Ramah. |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 1 Sam 19:18.
as he went: with an infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 19:24 | וַיִּפְשַׁ֨ט גַּם־ה֜וּא בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֤א גַם־הוּא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּפֹּ֣ל עָרֹ֔ם כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וְכָל־הַלָּ֑יְלָה עַל־כֵּן֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ הֲגַ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל בַּנְּבִיאִֽם׃ פ | And he too took his clothes off, and he too prophesied before Samuel, and he lay naked all that day and all night. This is why they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets.” | |
| 1 Sam 20:1 | וַיִּבְרַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד *מנוות **מִנָּי֖וֹת בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֞א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ מֶֽה־עֲוֺנִ֤י וּמֶֽה־חַטָּאתִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כִּ֥י מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִֽׁי׃ | Then David fled from {Q: Naioth} [K: Novith] in Ramah, and he came and said in Jonathan's presence, “What have I done and what is my iniquity and what is my sin before your father that he should seek my life?” |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 1 Sam 19:18.
life ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 20:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֣וֹ חָלִילָה֮ לֹ֣א תָמוּת֒ הִנֵּ֡ה *לו־*עשה **לֹֽא־**יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אָבִ֜י דָּבָ֣ר גָּד֗וֹל א֚וֹ דָּבָ֣ר קָטֹ֔ן וְלֹ֥א יִגְלֶ֖ה אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י וּמַדּוּעַ֩ יַסְתִּ֨יר אָבִ֥י מִמֶּ֛נִּי אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֵ֥ין זֹֽאת׃ | And he said to him, “Far be it – you will not die. Look, my father {Q: will not do anything} [K: did for himself a thing] great or small without informing me, and why should my father hide this matter from me? It is not the case.” |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8.
without informing me ← and will not uncover my ear. it ← this. |
| 1 Sam 20:3 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע ע֜וֹד דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדֹ֨עַ יָדַ֜ע אָבִ֗יךָ כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אַל־יֵֽדַע־זֹ֥את יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן פֶּן־יֵֽעָצֵ֑ב וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ כִּ֣י כְפֶ֔שַׂע בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הַמָּֽוֶת׃ | And David swore again and said, “Your father certainly knows that you like me, and he has said to himself, ‘Don't let Jonathan know this, in case he is grieved’, but as the Lord lives and as you yourself live, there is just a step between me and death.” |
certainly knows: infinitive absolute.
you like me ← I have found grace in your eyes. you yourself ← your soul. |
| 1 Sam 20:4 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ פ | And Jonathan said to David, “Whatever your inclination dictates, I will do for you.” | your inclination dictates ← your soul says. |
| 1 Sam 20:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן הִֽנֵּה־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ מָחָ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֛י יָשֹׁב־אֵשֵׁ֥ב עִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וְשִׁלַּחְתַּ֙נִי֙ וְנִסְתַּרְתִּ֣י בַשָּׂדֶ֔ה עַ֖ד הָעֶ֥רֶב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ | And David said to Jonathan, “Look, it is the new moon tomorrow, and I really ought to be sitting with the king to dine, but let me go, and I will hide in the country until the third evening. | I really ought to be sitting: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 20:6 | אִם־פָּקֹ֥ד יִפְקְדֵ֖נִי אָבִ֑יךָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ נִשְׁאֹל֩ נִשְׁאַ֨ל מִמֶּ֤נִּי דָוִד֙ לָרוּץ֙ בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם עִיר֔וֹ כִּ֣י זֶ֧בַח הַיָּמִ֛ים שָׁ֖ם לְכָל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָֽה׃ | If your father misses me at all, say, ‘David made a point of asking me for leave to dash off to Bethlehem his city, because there is an annual sacrifice there for all the family.’ |
misses me at all ... made a point of asking me for leave: both infinitive absolute.
dash off ← run. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Sam 20:7 | אִם־כֹּ֥ה יֹאמַ֛ר ט֖וֹב שָׁל֣וֹם לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְאִם־חָרֹ֤ה יֶֽחֱרֶה֙ ל֔וֹ דַּ֕ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃ | If he replies with this, ‘That's all right’, then your servant will have peace, but if it infuriates him at all, know that he intends evil. |
replies with this ← says thus.
it infuriates him at all: infinitive absolute. he intends evil ← evil has been determined ( ← concluded) from with him. |
| 1 Sam 20:8 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ חֶ֙סֶד֙ עַל־עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ כִּ֚י בִּבְרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֵבֵ֥אתָ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֖ עִמָּ֑ךְ וְאִם־יֶשׁ־בִּ֤י עָוֺן֙ הֲמִיתֵ֣נִי אַ֔תָּה וְעַד־אָבִ֖יךָ לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה תְבִיאֵֽנִי׃ פ | And act graciously towards your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the Lord with you, and if there is any iniquity in me, kill me yourself, for why then should you bring me to your father?” | |
| 1 Sam 20:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה הָרָעָ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם אָבִי֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ ס | Then Jonathan said, “Far be it from you, for if I were at all aware that my father intended evil to come on you, would I not tell you about it?” |
I were at all aware: infinitive absolute.
intended evil: see 1 Sam 20:7. |
| 1 Sam 20:10 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן מִ֖י יַגִּ֣יד לִ֑י א֛וֹ מַה־יַּעַנְךָ֥ אָבִ֖יךָ קָשָֽׁה׃ ס | Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me about it if your father answers you harshly?” | your father answers you harshly ← what your father answers you (is) harsh. |
| 1 Sam 20:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד לְכָ֖ה וְנֵצֵ֣א הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיֵּצְא֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס | And Jonathan said to David, “Come, let's go out into the field.” So the two of them went out into the field. | |
| 1 Sam 20:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹֽא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ | And Jonathan said to David, “By the Lord God of Israel, when I investigate my father at this time tomorrow and up to the third evening, if he is well-disposed to David, and I do not then send a report to you and inform you, |
By the: normally a vocative O, but Jonathan is speaking to David, not the Lord.
if ... and I do not ← behold. See Lev 13:5. The conditional clauses are an example of the oath formula, as in 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). The formula continues in the next verse. inform you ← uncover your ear. |
| 1 Sam 20:13 | כֹּֽה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לִֽיהוֹנָתָ֜ן וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֗יף כִּֽי־יֵיטִ֨ב אֶל־אָבִ֤י אֶת־הָֽרָעָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־אָזְנֶ֔ךָ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֖יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וִיהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־אָבִֽי׃ | may the Lord so do to Jonathan and more. But if my father decides to do harm to you, then I will inform you and let you go, and you can go in peace, and the Lord be with you, as he was with my father. |
may the Lord so do: the remainder of the oath formula started in the previous verse. The so do stands for, e.g., cut to pieces.
my father decides ← it is good to my father. inform you ← uncover your ear. |
| 1 Sam 20:14 | וְלֹ֖א אִם־עוֹדֶ֣נִּי חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֧ה עִמָּדִ֛י חֶ֥סֶד יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א אָמֽוּת׃ | And let it not be while I am still alive that you do not show me the Lord's kindness, in which case I would die. |
show me ← do with me.
in which case ← and not. |
| 1 Sam 20:15 | וְלֹֽא־תַכְרִ֧ת אֶֽת־חַסְדְּךָ֛ מֵעִ֥ם בֵּיתִ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְלֹ֗א בְּהַכְרִ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אִ֕ישׁ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And do not ever cut your kindness off from my house, nor when the Lord cuts David's enemies off, each one from the face of the earth.” | ever ← up to the age. |
| 1 Sam 20:16 | וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן עִם־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וּבִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִיַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, and he said, “May the Lord require any penalty from the hand of David's enemies.” | may the Lord require: i.e. if the covenant is broken. |
| 1 Sam 20:17 | וַיּ֤וֹסֶף יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ לְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹ אֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־אַהֲבַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֖וֹ אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ ס | Then Jonathan adjured David again in his love for him, for he loved him with his deepest feelings. | he loved him with his deepest feelings ← (with) love of his soul he loved him, a subjective genitive. |
| 1 Sam 20:18 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן מָחָ֣ר חֹ֑דֶשׁ וְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּ כִּ֥י יִפָּקֵ֖ד מוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃ | And Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon. You will be missed, because your seat will be unoccupied. | unoccupied ← missed. |
| 1 Sam 20:19 | וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙ תֵּרֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וּבָאתָ֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נִסְתַּ֥רְתָּ שָּׁ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְיָ֣שַׁבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖צֶל הָאֶ֥בֶן הָאָֽזֶל׃ | And when you have spent three days over there, come down quickly and come to the place where you hid on the previous occasion of intrigue, and remain at the stone of Ezel, |
quickly ← very.
on the previous occasion ← on the day. intrigue ← deed. Ezel ← the Ezel. |
| 1 Sam 20:20 | וַאֲנִ֕י שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הַחִצִּ֖ים צִדָּ֣ה אוֹרֶ֑ה לְשַֽׁלַּֽח־לִ֖י לְמַטָּרָֽה׃ | and I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as if I were practising shooting at a target. | as if I were practising shooting ← to shoot for myself. |
| 1 Sam 20:21 | וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר לֵ֖ךְ מְצָ֣א אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים אִם־אָמֹר֩ אֹמַ֨ר לַנַּ֜עַר הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֣ים ׀ מִמְּךָ֣ וָהֵ֗נָּה קָחֶ֧נּוּ ׀ וָבֹ֛אָה כִּֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם לְךָ֛ וְאֵ֥ין דָּבָ֖ר חַי־יְהוָֽה׃ | And look, I will send a lad, and say, ‘Go and find the arrows.’ If I specifically say to the lad, ‘Look, the arrows are short of you; take them’, then come, for you have peace, and there is no issue, as the Lord lives. |
specifically say: infinitive absolute.
short of you ← from you to here. them ← him / it. |
| 1 Sam 20:22 | וְאִם־כֹּ֤ה אֹמַר֙ לָעֶ֔לֶם הִנֵּ֥ה הַחִצִּ֖ים מִמְּךָ֣ וָהָ֑לְאָה לֵ֕ךְ כִּ֥י שִֽׁלַּחֲךָ֖ יְהוָֽה׃ | But if I say this to the youth: ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you’, then go, for the Lord will have sent you away. |
this ← thus.
beyond you ← from you and beyond. |
| 1 Sam 20:23 | וְהַ֨דָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְנוּ אֲנִ֣י וָאָ֑תָּה הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ ס | And as for the matter which we have spoken about, you and I, look, the Lord is between you and me age-abidingly.” | |
| 1 Sam 20:24 | וַיִּסָּתֵ֥ר דָּוִ֖ד בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ *על־**אֶל־הַלֶּ֖חֶם לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃ | So David hid in the field, and the new moon came, and the king sat at the meal to dine. |
at: the ketiv and qeré are similar prepositions, strictly at and to, which are often used interchangeably.
meal ← bread. |
| 1 Sam 20:25 | וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַל־מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם אֶל־מוֹשַׁב֙ הַקִּ֔יר וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְנֵ֖ר מִצַּ֣ד שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֥וֹם דָּוִֽד׃ | And the king sat in his seat as on previous occasions, on a seat at a wall, and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat at Saul's side, and David's place was unoccupied. |
as on previous occasions ← as time on time.
unoccupied ← missing. |
| 1 Sam 20:26 | וְלֹֽא־דִבֶּ֥ר שָׁא֛וּל מְא֖וּמָה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ מִקְרֶ֣ה ה֔וּא בִּלְתִּ֥י טָה֛וֹר ה֖וּא כִּֽי־לֹ֥א טָהֽוֹר׃ ס | But Saul did not say anything untoward on that day, for he said, “It is some incident – he is unclean – it is that he is not clean.” | |
| 1 Sam 20:27 | וַיְהִ֗י מִֽמָּחֳרַ֤ת הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֣וֹם דָּוִ֑ד ס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־בָ֧א בֶן־יִשַׁ֛י גַּם־תְּמ֥וֹל גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־הַלָּֽחֶם׃ | And it came to pass on the next day of the month – the second – that David's place was unoccupied, and Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why did the son of Jesse not come either yesterday or today to the meal?” | meal ← bread. |
| 1 Sam 20:28 | וַיַּ֥עַן יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל נִשְׁאֹ֨ל נִשְׁאַ֥ל דָּוִ֛ד מֵעִמָּדִ֖י עַד־בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | Then Jonathan replied to Saul, “David made a point of asking me for leave to go to Bethlehem. |
made a point of asking: infinitive absolute.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Sam 20:29 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֣נִי נָ֡א כִּ֣י זֶבַח֩ מִשְׁפָּחָ֨ה לָ֜נוּ בָּעִ֗יר וְה֤וּא צִוָּֽה־לִי֙ אָחִ֔י וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אִמָּ֥לְטָה נָּ֖א וְאֶרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־אֶחָ֑י עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־בָ֔א אֶל־שֻׁלְחַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And he said, ‘Please let me go, for we have a family sacrifice in the city, and the one who commanded me to attend is my brother. So now, if I have found grace in your eyes, let me slip away, please, and I will see my brothers.’ That is why he has not come to the king's table.” | slip away ← escape. |
| 1 Sam 20:30 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף שָׁאוּל֙ בִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר אַתָּה֙ לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י לְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃ | And Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman, am I not aware that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your shame and to the shame of your mother's nakedness? | perverse and rebellious woman ← perverse (woman) of rebellion. |
| 1 Sam 20:31 | כִּ֣י כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכּ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃ ס | For as long as the son of Jesse is alive on the ground, neither you nor your kingdom will be established. So now, send men and bring him to me, for he is destined for death.” |
as long as ← all the days that.
bring ← seize. destined for death ← a son of death. |
| 1 Sam 20:32 | וַיַּ֙עַן֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו לָ֥מָּה יוּמַ֖ת מֶ֥ה עָשָֽׂה׃ | Then Jonathan answered Saul his father and said to him, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” | |
| 1 Sam 20:33 | וַיָּ֨טֶל שָׁא֧וּל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֛ית עָלָ֖יו לְהַכֹּת֑וֹ וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן כִּֽי־כָ֥לָה הִ֛יא מֵעִ֥ם אָבִ֖יו לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃ ס | Then Saul threw his spear at him so as to strike him. So Jonathan knew that it had been determined on the part of his father to kill David. |
it had been determined ← it (was) a determined (thing).
on the part of ← from with. |
| 1 Sam 20:34 | וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ ס | And Jonathan got up from the table in furious anger, and he did not eat any food on the second day of the month, for he grieved for David, for his father had put him to shame. | food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Sam 20:35 | וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֵּצֵ֧א יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמוֹעֵ֣ד דָּוִ֑ד וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass in the morning that Jonathan went out into the field, to the place agreed with David, and a little lad was with him. |
to the place agreed: or at the (time) agreed.
with David ← of David. |
| 1 Sam 20:36 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ רֻ֗ץ מְצָ֥א נָא֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מוֹרֶ֑ה הַנַּ֣עַר רָ֔ץ וְהֽוּא־יָרָ֥ה הַחֵ֖צִי לְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃ | And he said to his servant-lad, “Run and find me the arrows which I shoot.” So the lad ran, and he shot an arrow beyond him. |
me ← please, a particle which tones down commands.
beyond him ← to go across him. |
| 1 Sam 20:37 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־מְק֣וֹם הַחֵ֔צִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲל֥וֹא הַחֵ֖צִי מִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃ | And the lad came to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, and Jonathan called to the lad and said, “Isn't the arrow further on from you?” | called to ← called after. |
| 1 Sam 20:38 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר מְהֵרָ֥ה ח֖וּשָׁה אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וַיְלַקֵּ֞ט נַ֤עַר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־*החצי **הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | And Jonathan called to the lad, “Quick, hurry, don't stand around.” So Jonathan's servant-lad picked up {K: the arrow} [Q: the arrows] and came back to his master. | called to ← called after. |
| 1 Sam 20:39 | וְהַנַּ֖עַר לֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע מְא֑וּמָה אַ֤ךְ יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְדָוִ֔ד יָדְע֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃ | And the lad wasn't aware of anything, but Jonathan and David knew the purpose. | purpose ← word, thing. |
| 1 Sam 20:40 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֖ךְ הָבֵ֥יא הָעִֽיר׃ | Then Jonathan gave his equipment to his servant-lad and said to him, “Go and take it to the city.” | |
| 1 Sam 20:41 | הַנַּעַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃ | The lad departed, and David came up from the southern side, and he fell face down to the ground, and he bowed three times, and they kissed each other, and they wept with one another, with David doing it profusely. |
face down ← to his face.
with David doing it profusely ← up to David magnifying. |
| 1 Sam 20:42 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ פ | Then Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, inasmuch as we have both sworn in the name of the Lord, saying, ‘The Lord will be between me and you and between my seed and your seed age-abidingly.’ ” | |
| 1 Sam 21:1 1 Sam 20:42AV |
וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן בָּ֥א הָעִֽיר׃ | And he got up and departed, and Jonathan went to the city. | The AV incorporates this verse in 1 Sam 20:42. |
| 1 Sam 21:2 1 Sam 21:1AV |
וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד אֲחִימֶ֜לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מַדּ֤וּעַ אַתָּה֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְאִ֖ישׁ אֵ֥ין אִתָּֽךְ׃ | And David arrived in Nob, and he went to Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech was afraid at meeting David, and he said to him, “Why are you on your own, and why is no-one with you?” | Nob ← Nobeh, unless the ending of the word is taken as a locative case ending. |
| 1 Sam 21:3 1 Sam 21:2AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַאֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ צִוַּ֣נִי דָבָר֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יֵ֧דַע מְא֛וּמָה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵֽחֲךָ֖ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑ךָ וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֣ים יוֹדַ֔עְתִּי אֶל־מְק֥וֹם פְּלֹנִ֖י אַלְמוֹנִֽי׃ | And David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has charged me with a matter, and he said to me, ‘No-one must know anything about the mission which I am sending you on, and what I have charged you with. And I have appointed servants to go to such and such a place.’ | mission ← matter. |
| 1 Sam 21:4 1 Sam 21:3AV |
וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־יֵּ֧שׁ תַּֽחַת־יָדְךָ֛ חֲמִשָּׁה־לֶ֖חֶם תְּנָ֣ה בְיָדִ֑י א֖וֹ הַנִּמְצָֽא׃ | And now, what is at your disposal? Hand me five loaves or whatever is available.” |
at your disposal ← under your hand.
hand me ← give in my hand. available ← found. |
| 1 Sam 21:5 1 Sam 21:4AV |
וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ פ | And the priest answered David and said, “There is no ordinary bread at my disposal. There is only holy bread, which you can have if your servant-lads really have kept themselves from women.” |
ordinary ← secular.
at my disposal ← to under my hand. women ← a woman. |
| 1 Sam 21:6 1 Sam 21:5AV |
וַיַּעַן֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־אִשָּׁ֤ה עֲצֻֽרָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם בְּצֵאתִ֕י וַיִּהְי֥וּ כְלֵֽי־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהוּא֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ חֹ֔ל וְאַ֕ף כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם יִקְדַּ֥שׁ בַּכֶּֽלִי׃ | Then David answered the priest and said to him, “Indeed women have been withheld from us for several days since I went out, and the lads' equipment is holy, although it was a secular journey, so how much more will it be sanctified today by the vessel containing it.” |
women have ← a woman has.
for several days ← as yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. holy ← holiness. vessel: here, the stomach (kept clean). AV differs, arguing ↴ |
| 1 Sam 21:7 1 Sam 21:6AV |
וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן קֹ֑דֶשׁ כִּי֩ לֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֜ם לֶ֗חֶם כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם הַפָּנִים֙ הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂוּם֙ לֶ֣חֶם חֹ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם הִלָּקְחֽוֹ׃ | Then the priest gave him the holy bread, for there was no bread there other than the showbread, which was removed from the Lord's presence, so it was necessary to put hot bread out on the day it was taken away. | ↳ that the bread is secular. We argue that the eaters are sanctified. |
| 1 Sam 21:8 1 Sam 21:7AV |
וְשָׁ֡ם אִישׁ֩ מֵעַבְדֵ֨י שָׁא֜וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נֶעְצָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֖וֹ דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֑י אַבִּ֥יר הָרֹעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ | Now there was there on that day a man from Saul's servants, retained in the Lord's presence, and his name was Doeg the Edomite, the foreman of Saul's shepherds. | |
| 1 Sam 21:9 1 Sam 21:8AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאִ֛ין יֶשׁ־פֹּ֥ה תַֽחַת־יָדְךָ֖ חֲנִ֣ית אוֹ־חָ֑רֶב כִּ֣י גַם־חַרְבִּ֤י וְגַם־כֵּלַי֙ לֹֽא־לָקַ֣חְתִּי בְיָדִ֔י כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נָחֽוּץ׃ ס | And David said to Ahimelech, “And is there no spear or sword at your disposal here? For I took neither my sword nor my equipment in my hand, for it was an urgent matter of the king's.” | at your disposal ← under your hand. |
| 1 Sam 21:10 1 Sam 21:9AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן חֶרֶב֩ גָּלְיָ֨ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י אֲשֶׁר־הִכִּ֣יתָ ׀ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֗ה הִנֵּה־הִ֞יא לוּטָ֣ה בַשִּׂמְלָה֮ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאֵפוֹד֒ אִם־אֹתָ֤הּ תִּֽקַּח־לְךָ֙ קָ֔ח כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין אַחֶ֛רֶת זוּלָתָ֖הּ בָּזֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֵ֥ין כָּמ֖וֹהָ תְּנֶ֥נָּה לִּֽי׃ | Then the priest said, “Here is the sword of Goliath the Philistine whom you struck down in the Valley of Elah, wrapped in a garment behind the ephod. If you want to take it for yourself, take it, for there is nothing other than that here.” And David said, “There is nothing like it. Give it to me.” |
here is ← behold.
want to take ← will take. |
| 1 Sam 21:11 1 Sam 21:10AV |
וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּבְרַ֥ח בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיָּבֹ֕א אֶל־אָכִ֖ישׁ מֶ֥לֶךְ גַּֽת׃ | So David arose and fled from Saul on that day. Then he went to Achish king of Gath. | |
| 1 Sam 21:12 1 Sam 21:11AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ עַבְדֵ֤י אָכִישׁ֙ אֵלָ֔יו הֲלוֹא־זֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאָ֑רֶץ הֲל֣וֹא לָזֶ֗ה יַעֲנ֤וּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד *ברבבתו **בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃ |
And Achish's servants said to him, “Isn't this David, the king of the land? Wasn't it to him that they sang in turns with dancing and said,
‘Saul struck his {Q: thousands} [K: thousand], But David his {Q: tens of thousands} [K: ten thousand].’ ” |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 1 Sam 18:7. |
| 1 Sam 21:13 1 Sam 21:12AV |
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּלְבָב֑וֹ וַיִּרָ֣א מְאֹ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֖י אָכִ֥ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־גַּֽת׃ | And David laid these things to heart, and he was very afraid of Achish king of Gath. | to heart ← in his heart. |
| 1 Sam 21:14 1 Sam 21:13AV |
וַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל בְּיָדָ֑ם *ויתו **וַיְתָיו֙ עַל־דַּלְת֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיּ֥וֹרֶד רִיר֖וֹ אֶל־זְקָנֽוֹ׃ | And he changed his character in their sight, and he pretended to be mad under their charge, and he scratched on the doors of the gate, and he let his spittle run down onto his beard. |
he scratched: the ketiv (וַיְתַו) is the regular apocopated form (piel of תָוָה).
character ← flavour. pretended to be mad: as pointed, hithpolel for feigning. under their charge ← in their hand. |
| 1 Sam 21:15 1 Sam 21:14AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָכִ֖ישׁ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הִנֵּ֤ה תִרְאוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִשְׁתַּגֵּ֔עַ לָ֛מָּה תָּבִ֥יאוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֵלָֽי׃ | And Achish said to his servants, “Look, you can see that the man is mad. Why are you bringing him to me? | |
| 1 Sam 21:16 1 Sam 21:15AV |
חֲסַ֤ר מְשֻׁגָּעִים֙ אָ֔נִי כִּי־הֲבֵאתֶ֣ם אֶת־זֶ֔ה לְהִשְׁתַּגֵּ֖עַ עָלָ֑י הֲזֶ֖ה יָב֥וֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִֽי׃ ס | Do I lack madmen, so that you should bring this one to behave madly with me? Shall this man come into my house?” | |
| 1 Sam 22:1 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט אֶל־מְעָרַ֣ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו וַיֵּרְד֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו שָֽׁמָּה׃ | So David departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam, and his brothers and all his father's household heard it, and they went down to him there. | |
| 1 Sam 22:2 | וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ | And everyone who was distressed, and everyone who had a debt, and everyone who was embittered gathered around him, and he became a prince over them, and they were with him – about four hundred men. |
debt ← creditor [AnLx], [BDB], [Ges-HCL], [ST], justifiable as if a lamed-hé form. But the formation, apart from the stress, is for a segolate noun, as in גֹּמֶא.
embittered ← bitter of soul. around ← to. |
| 1 Sam 22:3 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד מִשָּׁ֖ם מִצְפֵּ֣ה מוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֗ב יֵֽצֵא־נָ֞א אָבִ֤י וְאִמִּי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵדַ֔ע מַה־יַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֖י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And David went from there to Mizpeh in Moab, and he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother come out to be with you, until I know what God is going to do with me.” |
in Moab ← of Moab.
with me ← to / for me. |
| 1 Sam 22:4 | וַיַּנְחֵ֕ם אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כָּל־יְמֵ֥י הֱיוֹת־דָּוִ֖ד בַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃ ס | And he led them into the presence of the king of Moab, and they dwelt with him all the days while David was in the citadel. | |
| 1 Sam 22:5 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ גָּ֨ד הַנָּבִ֜יא אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תֵשֵׁב֙ בַּמְּצוּדָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ וּבָֽאתָ־לְּךָ֖ אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּבֹ֖א יַ֥עַר חָֽרֶת׃ ס | Then the prophet Gad said to David, “You shall not dwell in the citadel. Go and betake yourself to the land of Judah.” So David departed, and he came to the forest of Hereth. | Hereth: AV= Hareth, the pausal form. |
| 1 Sam 22:6 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נוֹדַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֩ יוֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִית֣וֹ בְיָד֔וֹ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃ | And Saul heard about it, because David had been informed on, including the men who were with him, while Saul was sitting in Gibeah under the tamarisk tree in Ramah. And his spear was in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
around ← at. |
| 1 Sam 22:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל לַֽעֲבָדָיו֙ הַנִּצָּבִ֣ים עָלָ֔יו שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֖א בְּנֵ֣י יְמִינִ֑י גַּם־לְכֻלְּכֶ֗ם יִתֵּ֤ן בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ שָׂד֣וֹת וּכְרָמִ֔ים לְכֻלְּכֶ֣ם יָשִׂ֔ים שָׂרֵ֥י אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And Saul said to his servants who were standing around him, “Now listen, you Benjaminites. Will the son of Jesse really give all of you the fields and vineyards? Will he make you all commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred? |
around ← at.
really ← also, but with wider usage. |
| 1 Sam 22:8 | כִּי֩ קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם כֻּלְּכֶ֜ם עָלַ֗י וְאֵין־גֹּלֶ֤ה אֶת־אָזְנִי֙ בִּכְרָת־בְּנִ֣י עִם־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י וְאֵין־חֹלֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֛ם עָלַ֖י וְגֹלֶ֣ה אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵקִים֩ בְּנִ֨י אֶת־עַבְדִּ֥י עָלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | For you have all conspired against me, and no-one informed me about my son allying himself with the son of Jesse, and none of you is grieving for me or has been informing me that my son has incited my servant against me, setting an ambush on this day.” |
informed me ... informing me ← uncovered my ear ... uncovering my ear.
allying himself ← cutting (= making a covenant). Gerundial use of the infinitive. servant: perhaps standing for body of servants. on this day ← as this day. |
| 1 Sam 22:9 | וַיַּ֜עַן דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וְה֛וּא נִצָּ֥ב עַל־עַבְדֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י בָּ֣א נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִטֽוּב׃ | And Doeg the Edomite, who had been appointed over Saul's servants, answered and said, “I have seen the son of Jesse going to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub. | |
| 1 Sam 22:10 | וַיִּשְׁאַל־לוֹ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְצֵידָ֖ה נָ֣תַן ל֑וֹ וְאֵ֗ת חֶ֛רֶב גָּלְיָ֥ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י נָ֥תַן לֽוֹ׃ | And Ahimelech inquired of him from the Lord, and he gave him provisions, and he gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.” | |
| 1 Sam 22:11 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לִקְרֹא֩ אֶת־אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִיט֜וּב הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֛יו הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּנֹ֑ב וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ כֻלָּ֖ם אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Then the king sent an envoy to call for Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, the priest, and all his father's household – the priests who were in Nob – and they all came to the king. | |
| 1 Sam 22:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֖א בֶּן־אֲחִיט֑וּב וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנְנִ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And Saul said, “Now listen, son of Ahitub.” And he said, “Here I am, my lord.” | here I am ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 22:13 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר *אלו **אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל לָ֚מָּה קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם עָלַ֔י אַתָּ֖ה וּבֶן־יִשָׁ֑י בְּתִתְּךָ֨ ל֜וֹ לֶ֣חֶם וְחֶ֗רֶב וְשָׁא֥וֹל לוֹ֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים לָק֥וּם אֵלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And Saul said to him, “Why have you conspired against me, you and the son of Jesse, by you giving him bread and a sword, and in inquiring for him of God, for him to rise up against me, ambushing me on this day?” |
to him: the ketiv is an irregular spelling of the qeré.
by you giving ... in inquiring: gerundial use of the infinitive (construct ... absolute). on this day ← as this day. |
| 1 Sam 22:14 | וַיַּ֧עַן אֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר וּמִ֤י בְכָל־עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ כְּדָוִ֣ד נֶאֱמָ֔ן וַחֲתַ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְסָ֥ר אֶל־מִשְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ךָ וְנִכְבָּ֥ד בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | And Ahimelech answered the king and said, “Rather, who among all your servants is faithful like David, who is the king's son-in-law, who goes at your bidding and is honoured in your house? | rather: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 22:15 | הַיּ֧וֹם הַחִלֹּ֛תִי *לשאול־**לִשְׁאָל־ל֥וֹ בֵאלֹהִ֖ים חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֑י אַל־יָשֵׂם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֤וֹ דָבָר֙ בְּכָל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔י כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יָדַ֤ע עַבְדְּךָ֙ בְּכָל־זֹ֔את דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֖ן א֥וֹ גָדֽוֹל׃ | Is it today that I began to inquire of God for him? Far be it from me. May the king not lay anything to the charge of his servant or of anyone of my father's house, for your servant is not aware of any of this, in a big or small way.” |
to inquire: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
anyone ← everyone. any ← all. big or small ← small or big. |
| 1 Sam 22:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מ֥וֹת תָּמ֖וּת אֲחִימֶ֑לֶךְ אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃ | Then the king said, “You shall surely die, Ahimelech, you and all the house of your father.” | |
| 1 Sam 22:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לָרָצִים֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יו סֹ֥בּוּ וְהָמִ֣יתוּ ׀ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י גַם־יָדָם֙ עִם־דָּוִ֔ד וְכִ֤י יָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־בֹרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְלֹ֥א גָל֖וּ אֶת־*אזנו **אָזְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָב֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם לִפְגֹ֖עַ בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then the king said to the runners who were standing around him, “Turn on them and kill the Lord's priests, for their hand is also with David, and because they knew that he had fled, but they did not inform {Q: me} [K: him].” But the king's servants were not willing to stretch out their hand to attack the Lord's priests. |
The ketiv would have to be interpreted as inform the king, which has the same sense as the qeré.
around ← at. inform ← uncover the ear. stretch out ← send. |
| 1 Sam 22:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ *לדויג **לְדוֹאֵ֔ג סֹ֣ב אַתָּ֔ה וּפְגַ֖ע בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑ים וַיִּסֹּ֞ב *דויג **דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וַיִּפְגַּע־הוּא֙ בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיָּ֣מֶת ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁמֹנִ֤ים וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֖א אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ | Then the king said to {Q: Doeg} [K: Dojeg], “You turn on them and attack the priests.” Then {Q: Doeg} [K: Dojeg] the Edomite turned on them, and he attacked the priests, and on that day he killed eighty-five men bearing an ephod of fine linen. | |
| 1 Sam 22:19 | וְאֵ֨ת נֹ֤ב עִיר־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ הִכָּ֣ה לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵאִישׁ֙ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה מֵעוֹלֵ֖ל וְעַד־יוֹנֵ֑ק וְשׁ֧וֹר וַחֲמ֛וֹר וָשֶׂ֖ה לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | And he struck Nob, the city of the priests, with the edge of the sword, both men and women, both children and babies, and oxen and donkeys and sheep, with the edge of the sword. | both men and women, both children and babies ← from man to woman, from child to baby. |
| 1 Sam 22:20 | וַיִּמָּלֵ֣ט בֵּן־אֶחָ֗ד לַאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִט֔וּב וּשְׁמ֖וֹ אֶבְיָתָ֑ר וַיִּבְרַ֖ח אַחֲרֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | But one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub escaped, whose name was Abiathar, and he fled to join David. |
Abiathar ← Ebiathar, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
to join David ← after David. |
| 1 Sam 22:21 | וַיַּגֵּ֥ד אֶבְיָתָ֖ר לְדָוִ֑ד כִּ֚י הָרַ֣ג שָׁא֔וּל אֵ֖ת כֹּהֲנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the Lord's priests. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Sam 22:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לְאֶבְיָתָ֗ר יָדַ֜עְתִּי בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ כִּֽי־שָׁם֙ *דויג **דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֔י כִּֽי־הַגֵּ֥ד יַגִּ֖יד לְשָׁא֑וּל אָנֹכִ֣י סַבֹּ֔תִי בְּכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃ | Then David said to Abiathar, “I knew on that day when {Q: Doeg} [K: Dojeg] the Edomite was there that he would certainly tell Saul. I have been involved in all the loss of life in your father's house. |
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20.
would certainly tell: infinitive absolute. been involved ← gone round. Parallel etymology (Hebrew סָבַב, involve ← Latin volvo). life ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 22:23 | שְׁבָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔א כִּ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ כִּֽי־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת אַתָּ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי׃ | Stay with me, do not fear, for he who seeks my life seeks your life, so that you are a guard with me.” |
life (2x) ← soul.
guard ← guarding. The office rather than the individual. |
| 1 Sam 23:1 | וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לְדָוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּקְעִילָ֔ה וְהֵ֖מָּה שֹׁסִ֥ים אֶת־הַגֳּרָנֽוֹת׃ | And they reported to David and said, “Look, the Philistines are fighting in Keilah, and they are plundering the threshing floors.” | threshing floors: perhaps market areas here. |
| 1 Sam 23:2 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֵלֵ֣ךְ וְהִכֵּ֔יתִי בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֵ֚ךְ וְהִכִּ֣יתָ בַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖ אֶת־קְעִילָֽה׃ | Then David inquired of the Lord and said, “Should I go and strike these Philistines?” And the Lord said to David, “Go and strike the Philistines and save Keilah.” | of ← at. |
| 1 Sam 23:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י דָוִד֙ אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֨ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ פֹ֛ה בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה יְרֵאִ֑ים וְאַף֙ כִּֽי־נֵלֵ֣ךְ קְעִלָ֔ה אֶל־מַֽעַרְכ֖וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ ס | Then David's men said to him, “Look, we here in Judah are afraid, and how much more so if we go to Keilah, to the ranks of the Philistines.” | |
| 1 Sam 23:4 | וַיּ֨וֹסֶף ע֤וֹד דָּוִד֙ לִשְׁאֹ֣ל בַּֽיהוָ֔ה ס וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּ יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר ק֚וּם רֵ֣ד קְעִילָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | So David inquired again of the Lord, and the Lord answered him and said, “Arise, go down to Keilah, for I am delivering the Philistines into your hand.” |
again ← yet again ← added yet (to inquire).
of ← at. |
| 1 Sam 23:5 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִד֩ *ואנשו **וַאֲנָשָׁ֨יו קְעִילָ֜ה וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּנְהַג֙ אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּ֥ךְ בָּהֶ֖ם מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣שַׁע דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת יֹשְׁבֵ֥י קְעִילָֽה׃ ס | Then David and his men went to Keilah and fought the Philistines, and he carried their cattle away, and he struck a great blow on them. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah. | his men: the ketiv appears to be a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| 1 Sam 23:6 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּ֠בְרֹחַ אֶבְיָתָ֧ר בֶּן־אֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד קְעִילָ֑ה אֵפ֖וֹד יָרַ֥ד בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Now it had come to pass when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David in Keilah, that he came down with the ephod in his hand. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Sam 23:7 | וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְשָׁא֔וּל כִּי־בָ֥א דָוִ֖ד קְעִילָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל נִכַּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָדִ֔י כִּ֚י נִסְגַּ֣ר לָב֔וֹא בְּעִ֖יר דְּלָתַ֥יִם וּבְרִֽיחַ׃ | And it was reported to Saul that David had arrived in Keilah, and Saul said, “God has consigned him to my hand, for he has shut himself in by entering a town with gates and a bolt.” |
consigned ← estranged.
by entering: gerundial use of the infinitive. gates ← doors. |
| 1 Sam 23:8 | וַיְשַׁמַּ֥ע שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה לָרֶ֣דֶת קְעִילָ֔ה לָצ֥וּר אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָֽׁיו׃ | And Saul called all the people up to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men. | called ... up ← summoned. |
| 1 Sam 23:9 | וַיֵּ֣דַע דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֣י עָלָ֔יו שָׁא֖וּל מַחֲרִ֣ישׁ הָרָעָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן הַגִּ֖ישָׁה הָאֵפֽוֹד׃ ס | Now David knew that Saul was devising evil against him, and he said to Abiathar the priest, “Bring the ephod here.” |
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20.
here ← near. |
| 1 Sam 23:10 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שָׁמֹ֤עַ שָׁמַע֙ עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּֽי־מְבַקֵּ֥שׁ שָׁא֖וּל לָב֣וֹא אֶל־קְעִילָ֑ה לְשַׁחֵ֥ת לָעִ֖יר בַּעֲבוּרִֽי׃ | And David said, “O Lord God of Israel, your servant has reliably heard that Saul is attempting to come to Keilah to destroy the city on account of me. |
has reliably heard: infinitive absolute.
attempting ← seeking. |
| 1 Sam 23:11 | הֲיַסְגִּרֻ֣נִי בַעֲלֵי֩ קְעִילָ֨ה בְיָד֜וֹ הֲיֵרֵ֣ד שָׁא֗וּל כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁמַ֣ע עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַגֶּד־נָ֖א לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ ס וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יֵרֵֽד׃ | Will the inhabitants of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? Will Saul come down as your servant has heard? O Lord God of Israel, do tell your servant.” And the Lord said, “He will come down.” | inhabitants: or lords, rulers. |
| 1 Sam 23:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד הֲיַסְגִּ֜רוּ בַּעֲלֵ֧י קְעִילָ֛ה אֹתִ֥י וְאֶת־אֲנָשַׁ֖י בְּיַד־שָׁא֑וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יַסְגִּֽירוּ׃ ס | Then David said, “Will the inhabitants of Keilah deliver me and my men up into Saul's hand.” And the Lord said, “They will deliver you up.” | inhabitants: or lords, rulers. |
| 1 Sam 23:13 | וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מִקְּעִלָ֔ה וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ וּלְשָׁא֣וּל הֻגַּ֗ד כִּֽי־נִמְלַ֤ט דָּוִד֙ מִקְּעִילָ֔ה וַיֶּחְדַּ֖ל לָצֵֽאת׃ | So David arose, as did his men – about six hundred men – and they went out of Keilah and wandered around wherever they could wander around. And it was reported to Saul that David had escaped from Keilah. So he stopped going out. | |
| 1 Sam 23:14 | וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב דָּוִ֤ד בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּהָ֖ר בְּמִדְבַּר־זִ֑יף וַיְבַקְשֵׁ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ כָּל־הַיָּמִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־נְתָנ֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Meanwhile David stayed in the desert, in strongholds, and he stayed in the mountain in the Desert of Ziph, while Saul sought him all the time, but God did not deliver him into his hand. | time ← days. |
| 1 Sam 23:15 | וַיַּ֣רְא דָוִ֔ד כִּֽי־יָצָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְדָוִ֥ד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִ֖יף בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃ ס | And David saw that Saul had come out to seek his life, while David was in the Desert of Ziph in a wood. | life ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 23:16 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד חֹ֑רְשָׁה וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָד֖וֹ בֵּאלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jonathan, Saul's son, arose and went to David, to the wood, and he encouraged him in God. | encouraged him ← strengthened his hand. |
| 1 Sam 23:17 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו אַל־תִּירָ֗א כִּ֠י לֹ֤א תִֽמְצָאֲךָ֙ יַ֚ד שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֔י וְאַתָּה֙ תִּמְלֹ֣ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֣ לְמִשְׁנֶ֑ה וְגַם־שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י יֹדֵ֥עַ כֵּֽן׃ | And he said to him, “Do not be afraid, for the hand of Saul my father will not find you, and you will reign over Israel, and I will be second to you. And Saul my father knows this.” | this ← so. |
| 1 Sam 23:18 | וַיִּכְרְת֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב דָּוִד֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן הָלַ֥ךְ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ ס | And the two of them made a covenant before the Lord, and David stayed in the wood, but Jonathan went to his home. | |
| 1 Sam 23:19 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ זִפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֣וֹא דָ֠וִד מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר עִמָּ֤נוּ בַמְּצָדוֹת֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת֙ הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִימִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ | Then some Ziphites came up to Saul, to Gibeah, and they said, “Isn't David hiding with us in the fortresses in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is to the south of Jeshimon? |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
Hachilah ← the Hachilah. south: or right. |
| 1 Sam 23:20 | וְ֠עַתָּה לְכָל־אַוַּ֨ת נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לָרֶ֖דֶת רֵ֑ד וְלָ֥נוּ הַסְגִּיר֖וֹ בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | So now, in accordance with all your heart's desire, O king, to come down, do come down, and it will be up to us to deliver him into the king's hand.” | your heart's desire ← the desire of your soul. |
| 1 Sam 23:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּכִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה כִּ֥י חֲמַלְתֶּ֖ם עָלָֽי׃ | At this Saul said, “Blessed are you to the Lord, for you have had compassion on me. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 23:22 | לְכוּ־נָ֞א הָכִ֣ינוּ ע֗וֹד וּדְע֤וּ וּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה רַגְל֔וֹ מִ֥י רָאָ֖הוּ שָׁ֑ם כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י עָר֥וֹם יַעְרִ֖ם הֽוּא׃ | Go now and keep preparing, and find out and observe his whereabouts and where he treks, and who has seen him there, for I have been told that he acts very craftily. |
find out and observe ← know and see.
he treks ← his foot will be. I have been told ← (one) has said to me. he acts very craftily: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 23:23 | וּרְא֣וּ וּדְע֗וּ מִכֹּ֤ל הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְחַבֵּ֣א שָׁ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֤ם אֵלַי֙ אֶל־נָכ֔וֹן וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ אִם־יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ בָאָ֔רֶץ וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ בְּכֹ֖ל אַלְפֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So observe and find out about all the hiding places where he hides, and come back to me with confirmation, and I will go with you, and it will come to pass, if he is in the land, that I will seek him among all the thousands of Judah.” | with confirmation ← to fixed / confirmed. |
| 1 Sam 23:24 | וַיָּק֛וּמוּ וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ זִ֖יפָה לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְדָוִ֨ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו בְּמִדְבַּ֤ר מָעוֹן֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה אֶ֖ל יְמִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ | So they arose and went to Ziph in front of Saul, whereas David and his men were in the Desert of Maon, in the arid tract to the south of Jeshimon. |
whereas: wider use of the vav.
south: or right. |
| 1 Sam 23:25 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֣רֶד הַסֶּ֔לַע וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר מָע֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד מִדְבַּ֥ר מָעֽוֹן׃ | And Saul and his men went to search for him, and it was reported to David, who then went down to the rock and stayed in the Desert of Maon. And Saul heard of it, and he pursued David in the Desert of Maon. | it was reported ← they reported. Avoidance of the passive. |
| 1 Sam 23:26 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֜וּל מִצַּ֤ד הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְדָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו מִצַּ֥ד הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֨י דָוִ֜ד נֶחְפָּ֤ז לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וְשָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽטְרִ֛ים אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁ֖יו לְתָפְשָֽׂם׃ | And Saul went to one side of the mountain, whereas David and his men were on the other side of the mountain. Then David became alarmed, intending to move away from Saul, while Saul and his men were surrounding David and his men, in order to capture them. |
one side ... the other side ← from this ... from this, as in 1 Sam 17:3.
whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 23:27 | וּמַלְאָ֣ךְ בָּ֔א אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹ֑ר מַהֲרָ֣ה וְלֵ֔כָה כִּֽי־פָשְׁט֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then a messenger came to Saul and said, “Hurry and go, for the Philistines have invaded the land.” | |
| 1 Sam 23:28 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב שָׁא֗וּל מִרְדֹף֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִקְרַ֣את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָֽרְאוּ֙ לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא סֶ֖לַע הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת׃ | So Saul returned from pursuing David, and he went to confront the Philistines, which is why they call that place Sela-Hammahlekoth. | Sela-Hammahlekoth: i.e. Rock of smoothness or divisions. |
| 1 Sam 24:1 1 Sam 23:29AV |
וַיַּ֥עַל דָּוִ֖ד מִשָּׁ֑ם וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בִּמְצָד֥וֹת עֵֽין־גֶּֽדִי׃ | Then David went up from there and stayed in the strongholds of En-Gedi. | |
| 1 Sam 24:2 1 Sam 24:1AV |
וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁ֣ב שָׁא֔וּל מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי׃ ס | And it came to pass, when Saul returned from pursuing the Philistines, that they reported to him and said, “Look, David is in the Desert of En-Gedi.” | from pursuing ← from after. |
| 1 Sam 24:3 1 Sam 24:2AV |
וַיִּקַּ֣ח שָׁא֗וּל שְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ בָּח֖וּר מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עַל־פְּנֵ֖י צוּרֵ֥י הַיְּעֵלִֽים׃ | Then Saul took three thousand men, chosen from the whole of Israel, and he went to seek David and his men in the area of the rocks of the mountain goats. | in the area of ← on the surface of. |
| 1 Sam 24:4 1 Sam 24:3AV |
וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ | And they came to the sheepfolds on the way, and there was a cave there, and Saul went in to cover his feet. Now David and his men were stationed at the sides of the cave. | were stationed ← (were) sitting / staying. |
| 1 Sam 24:5 1 Sam 24:4AV |
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י דָוִ֜ד אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֣ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י נֹתֵ֤ן אֶת־*איביך **אֹֽיִבְךָ֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יִטַ֣ב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּכְרֹ֛ת אֶת־כְּנַֽף־הַמְּעִ֥יל אֲשֶׁר־לְשָׁא֖וּל בַּלָּֽט׃ | And David's men said to him, “Behold the day about which the Lord told you, when he said, ‘Behold, I am giving you {Q: your enemy} [K: your enemies] in your hand, and you can do to him as is good in your sight.’ ” Then David arose and cut the hem of Saul's coat in secret. | |
| 1 Sam 24:6 1 Sam 24:5AV |
וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ לֵב־דָּוִ֖ד אֹת֑וֹ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ת אֶת־כָּנָ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ ס | And it came to pass after that, that David's heart pained him, because he had cut the hem of Saul's coat. | pained ← hit. |
| 1 Sam 24:7 1 Sam 24:6AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חָלִ֧ילָה לִּ֣י מֵֽיהוָ֗ה אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הַזֶּ֤ה לַֽאדֹנִי֙ לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And he said to his men, “Far be it from me with the Lord that I should do this thing to my lord, to the Lord's anointed, to lay my hand on him, for he is the Lord's anointed.” | lay my hand on ← send my hand on / against. |
| 1 Sam 24:8 1 Sam 24:7AV |
וַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם לָק֣וּם אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֛וּל קָ֥ם מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ ס | And David restrained his men with these words, and he did not allow them to rise up against Saul. And Saul arose from the cave and went on his way. | restrained: the usual meaning of this word is divided. [AnLx]= rebuked; others, kept off. |
| 1 Sam 24:9 1 Sam 24:8AV |
וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ *מן־*המערה **מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס | Then David arose after that, and he came out of the cave, and he called after Saul and said, “My lord the king.” Then Saul looked behind him and David bowed face down to the ground and prostrated himself. | of the cave: the ketiv and qeré involve the same preposition in its separable and inseparable forms. |
| 1 Sam 24:10 1 Sam 24:9AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל לָ֧מָּה תִשְׁמַ֛ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֶֽךָ׃ | And David said to Saul, “Why do you listen to the words of a man who says, ‘Look, David is trying to harm you’? | |
| 1 Sam 24:11 1 Sam 24:10AV |
הִנֵּה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־נְתָנְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ בְּיָדִי֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וְאָמַ֥ר לַהֲרָגֲךָ֖ וַתָּ֣חָס עָלֶ֑יךָ וָאֹמַ֗ר לֹא־אֶשְׁלַ֤ח יָדִי֙ בַּֽאדֹנִ֔י כִּי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | Look, this day your eyes have seen that the Lord handed you over to me this day in the cave, and one would have said to kill you, but my eye spared you, and I said, ‘I will not lay my hand on my lord, for he is the Lord's anointed.’ |
handed you over to me ← gave you into my hand.
lay my hand on ← send my hand on / against. |
| 1 Sam 24:12 1 Sam 24:11AV |
וְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֤ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֤ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ | And, my father, just look, and see the hem of your coat in my hand, for when I cut the hem of your coat, I did not kill you. Know and see that there is no evil or transgression in my hand, and that I have not sinned against you, yet you hunt me down to take my life. |
father: standing for father-in-law.
just look, and see ← see, also see. yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. hunt me down to take my life ← lie in wait for my soul to take it. |
| 1 Sam 24:13 1 Sam 24:12AV |
יִשְׁפֹּ֤ט יְהוָה֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ׃ | May the Lord judge between me and you, and may the Lord avenge me on you, but my hand will not be on you. | |
| 1 Sam 24:14 1 Sam 24:13AV |
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאמַ֗ר מְשַׁל֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י מֵרְשָׁעִ֖ים יֵ֣צֵא רֶ֑שַׁע וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ׃ | As the proverb of the ancients says, ‘Wickedness proceeds from the wicked’, but my hand will not be on you. | ancients ← ancient. |
| 1 Sam 24:15 1 Sam 24:14AV |
אַחֲרֵ֨י מִ֤י יָצָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֥י מִ֖י אַתָּ֣ה רֹדֵ֑ף אַֽחֲרֵי֙ כֶּ֣לֶב מֵ֔ת אַחֲרֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֥שׁ אֶחָֽד׃ | After whom has the king of Israel gone out? Whom are you pursuing? A dead dog? A single flea? | |
| 1 Sam 24:16 1 Sam 24:15AV |
וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְדַיָּ֔ן וְשָׁפַ֖ט בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְיֵ֙רֶא֙ וְיָרֵ֣ב אֶת־רִיבִ֔י וְיִשְׁפְּטֵ֖נִי מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ פ | And may the Lord be a judge, and may he judge between me and you, and may he see and contend my case and acquit me from your charge.” | acquit me from your charge ← judge me from your hand. |
| 1 Sam 24:17 1 Sam 24:16AV |
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת דָּוִ֗ד לְדַבֵּ֞ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הֲקֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיִּשָּׂ֥א שָׁא֛וּל קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃ | And it came to pass, when David had finished speaking these words to Saul, that Saul said, “Is this your voice, my son David?” And Saul raised his voice and wept. | son: standing for son-in-law. |
| 1 Sam 24:18 1 Sam 24:17AV |
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד צַדִּ֥יק אַתָּ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ גְּמַלְתַּ֣נִי הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ הָרָעָֽה׃ | And he said to David, “You are more righteous than I am, for you have repaid me good, whereas I repaid you evil. | |
| 1 Sam 24:19 1 Sam 24:18AV |
*ואת **וְאַתָּה֙ הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֔וֹם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתָה אִתִּ֖י טוֹבָ֑ה אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר סִגְּרַ֧נִי יְהוָ֛ה בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א הֲרַגְתָּֽנִי׃ | And you have shown me today that you have done good to me – that when the Lord delivered me up into your hand, you did not kill me. | you: the ketiv, nominally a feminine form, is perhaps influenced by Aramaic, or it has to be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| 1 Sam 24:20 1 Sam 24:19AV |
וְכִֽי־יִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְב֔וֹ וְשִׁלְּח֖וֹ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבָ֑ה וַֽיהוָה֙ יְשַׁלֶּמְךָ֣ טוֹבָ֔ה תַּ֚חַת הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָה לִֽי׃ | For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him cheerily go on his way? So may the Lord repay you with goodness, because of what you did with me on this day. | let him cheerily go on his way ← let him go on a good way. |
| 1 Sam 24:21 1 Sam 24:20AV |
וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י מָלֹ֖ךְ תִּמְל֑וֹךְ וְקָ֙מָה֙ בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔ מַמְלֶ֖כֶת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And now, look, I know that you will certainly reign and that the kingdom of Israel will be established under your authority. |
will certainly reign: infinitive absolute.
will be established under your authority ← will rise in your hand. |
| 1 Sam 24:22 1 Sam 24:21AV |
וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אִם־תַּכְרִ֥ית אֶת־זַרְעִ֖י אַֽחֲרָ֑י וְאִם־תַּשְׁמִ֥יד אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י מִבֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | So now, swear to me by the Lord that you will not cut my seed off after me, and that you will not obliterate my name from the house of my father.” |
that you will not (2x): strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
obliterate ← destroy. |
| 1 Sam 24:23 1 Sam 24:22AV |
וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד לְשָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְדָוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עָל֖וּ עַל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה׃ פ | Then David swore to Saul, and Saul went to his house, and David and his men went up to the stronghold. | |
| 1 Sam 25:1 | וַיָּ֣מָת שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ ס | When Samuel died, the whole of Israel gathered and mourned for him, and they buried him in his house in Ramah. And David arose and went down to the Desert of Paran. | |
| 1 Sam 25:2 | וְאִ֨ישׁ בְּמָע֜וֹן וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ בַכַּרְמֶ֗ל וְהָאִישׁ֙ גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֔ד וְל֛וֹ צֹ֥אן שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֖ים וְאֶ֣לֶף עִזִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֛י בִּגְזֹ֥ז אֶת־צֹאנ֖וֹ בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃ | Now a man in Maon, whose business was at Carmel, a man who was very wealthy, who had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats, was busy with the shearing of his sheep at Carmel. |
Carmel (2x) ← the Carmel.
wealthy ← great. with the shearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Sam 25:3 | וְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת־שֶׂ֙כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא *כלבו **כָלִבִּֽי׃ | And the man's name was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail, and the woman was very intelligent and attractive in appearance, but the man was harsh and evil in his actions, and he was a Calebite. |
Calebite: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
very intelligent ← good of intelligence. |
| 1 Sam 25:4 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־גֹזֵ֥ז נָבָ֖ל אֶת־צֹאנֽוֹ׃ | Now David heard in the desert that Nabal was shearing his sheep, | |
| 1 Sam 25:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַנְּעָרִ֗ים עֲל֤וּ כַרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וּבָאתֶ֣ם אֶל־נָבָ֔ל וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם־ל֥וֹ בִשְׁמִ֖י לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | and David sent ten servant-lads, and David said to the servant-lads, “Go up to Carmel and go to Nabal, and ask him how he is in my name. | how he is ← about peace. |
| 1 Sam 25:6 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥ם כֹּ֖ה לֶחָ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה שָׁלוֹם֙ וּבֵיתְךָ֣ שָׁל֔וֹם וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And say this to the man who lives well: ‘Peace to you and peace to your household, and peace to all of yours. | this ← thus. |
| 1 Sam 25:7 | וְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הֱיוֹתָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃ | Well now, I have heard that you have shearers, and now as for your shepherds who were with us, we have not put them to shame, and they didn't lack anything all the time they were at Carmel. |
well: wider use of the vav.
time ← days. Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| 1 Sam 25:8 | שְׁאַ֨ל אֶת־נְעָרֶ֜יךָ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֗ךְ וְיִמְצְא֨וּ הַנְּעָרִ֥ים חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־עַל־י֥וֹם ט֖וֹב בָּ֑נוּ תְּנָה־נָּ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבִנְךָ֖ לְדָוִֽד׃ | Ask your servant-lads, and they will tell you, and may the servant-lads find favour in your sight, for we have come on a good day. Please give what you can afford to your servants and to your son David.’ ” |
we have come on a good day: we take בָּנוּ, strictly at / among us, as a scriptio defectiva spelling for בָּאנוּ, we have come. A “good day”, also in modern times, means a festive day.
what you can afford ← what your hand will find. |
| 1 Sam 25:9 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ נַעֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיְדַבְּר֧וּ אֶל־נָבָ֛ל כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּשֵׁ֣ם דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּנֽוּחוּ׃ | So David's servant-lads went there, and they spoke to Nabal in line with all these words in David's name, then they paused. | |
| 1 Sam 25:10 | וַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן־יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | Then Nabal answered David's servants and said, “Who is David, and who is the son of Jesse? Nowadays there are many servants who break away from their master. |
who ← who each.
their master ← his master. |
| 1 Sam 25:11 | וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ וְאֶת־מֵימַ֔י וְאֵת֙ טִבְחָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר טָבַ֖חְתִּי לְגֹֽזְזָ֑י וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃ | So should I take my bread and my water, and my meat which I have slaughtered for my shearers, and give it to men when I don't know where they are from?” |
meat ← slaughter.
when ← (for) whom. |
| 1 Sam 25:12 | וַיַּהַפְכ֥וּ נַעֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then David's servant-lads turned back to their way and returned, and when they had arrived, they told him about all these things. | about ← according to. |
| 1 Sam 25:13 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם־דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃ | At this David said to his men, “Let each man gird on his sword.” And each man girded on his sword, and David also girded on his sword, and about four hundred men went up behind David, and two hundred remained with the equipment. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
with ← at. |
| 1 Sam 25:14 | וְלַאֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת נָבָ֔ל הִגִּ֧יד נַֽעַר־אֶחָ֛ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ מֵֽהַמִּדְבָּ֛ר לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וַיָּ֥עַט בָּהֶֽם׃ | But one of the servant-lads told Abigail, Nabal's wife, and he said, “Look, David sent messengers from the desert to bless our lord, but he reacted aggressively to them. | one of the servant-lads ← one lad of the lads. |
| 1 Sam 25:15 | וְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים טֹבִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א הָכְלַ֙מְנוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־פָקַ֣דְנוּ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל־יְמֵי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְנוּ אִתָּ֔ם בִּֽהְיוֹתֵ֖נוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | But the men were very good to us, and we were not treated contemptuously, and we did not miss anything all the time we associated with them, when we were in the countryside. | countryside ← field. |
| 1 Sam 25:16 | חוֹמָה֙ הָי֣וּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ גַּם־לַ֖יְלָה גַּם־יוֹמָ֑ם כָּל־יְמֵ֛י הֱיוֹתֵ֥נוּ עִמָּ֖ם רֹעִ֥ים הַצֹּֽאן׃ | They were a wall to us, both night and day, all the time when we were with them tending the sheep. | time ← days. |
| 1 Sam 25:17 | וְעַתָּ֗ה דְּעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ מַֽה־תַּעֲשִׂ֔י כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֧ה הָרָעָ֛ה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וְעַ֣ל כָּל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־בְּלִיַּ֔עַל מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אֵלָֽיו׃ | So now, decide and see what you will do, for evil has been resolved against our lord and on all his house, and he is too useless to speak to.” |
decide ← know.
useless ← son of without use. |
| 1 Sam 25:18 | וַתְּמַהֵ֣ר *אבוגיל **אֲבִיגַ֡יִל וַתִּקַּח֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּשְׁנַ֣יִם נִבְלֵי־יַ֗יִן וְחָמֵ֨שׁ צֹ֤אן *עשוות **עֲשׂוּיֹת֙ וְחָמֵ֤שׁ סְאִים֙ קָלִ֔י וּמֵאָ֥ה צִמֻּקִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם דְּבֵלִ֑ים וַתָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־הַחֲמֹרִֽים׃ | Then {Q: Abigail} [K: Abugail] acted quickly, and she took two hundred loaves and two wineskins of wine, and five prepared sheep, and five seahs of parched grain, and one hundred measures of raisins, and two hundred cakes of pressed figs, and she put them on the donkeys. |
prepared: the ketiv could be regarded as a variant spelling of the qeré.
seah: about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| 1 Sam 25:19 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לִנְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י הִנְנִ֖י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֣ם בָּאָ֑ה וּלְאִישָׁ֥הּ נָבָ֖ל לֹ֥א הִגִּֽידָה׃ | And she said to her servant-lads, “Go across in front of me, and you will see me coming behind you.” But she did not tell Nabal her husband. | you will see me ← behold me. |
| 1 Sam 25:20 | וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ | And it came to pass as she was riding on a donkey that she came down to the hiding place in the hill, and along came David and his men, coming down towards her, and she met them. | along came ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 25:21 | וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃ | And David said, “Surely it was in vain that I kept everything of this man's in the desert – and nothing of his went missing – but he requited me with evil for good. | |
| 1 Sam 25:22 | כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ | May God do such to David's enemies and add more if I leave anyone, of all who belong to him, who urinates against a wall, alive until morning.” |
such ... more ← thus ... thus.
to David's enemies: one would expect to me or, as in LXX, to David, but the Hebrew text is undisputed in [BHS]. This is strong denial as in the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Sam 25:23 | וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃ | Then when Abigail saw David, she quickly dismounted from the donkey and fell face down before David and bowed to the ground. | face down before ← to the face(1) of ... on her face(2). |
| 1 Sam 25:24 | וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר בִּי־אֲנִ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הֶֽעָוֺ֑ן וּֽתְדַבֶּר־נָ֤א אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ בְּאָזְנֶ֔יךָ וּשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ | And she fell at his feet and said, “My lord, let the iniquity be on me, and let your handmaid speak a word in your ear, and listen to the words of your handmaid. | ear ← ears. |
| 1 Sam 25:25 | אַל־נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל־אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ׃ | May my lord not pay attention to this useless man, to Nabal, for as his name is, so is he. Nabal is his name, and folly accompanies him, and I am your handmaid who did not see my lord's servant-lads whom you sent. |
pay attention ← put on his heart.
accompanies ← (is) with. |
| 1 Sam 25:26 | וְעַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֗י חַי־יְהוָ֤ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְנָעֲךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדְךָ֖ לָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽהְי֤וּ כְנָבָל֙ אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י רָעָֽה׃ | So now, my lord, as the Lord lives, and as your being lives, since the Lord has prevented you from embarking on bloodshed, and from your own ability giving you victory, so now may your enemies and those who are seeking my lord's harm be as Nabal. |
being ← soul.
embarking on ← entering into. your own ability giving you victory ← your hand saving you. But perhaps the sense is and save your hand (from doing wrong). See ↴ |
| 1 Sam 25:27 | וְעַתָּה֙ הַבְּרָכָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֥יא שִׁפְחָתְךָ֖ לַֽאדֹנִ֑י וְנִתְּנָה֙ לַנְּעָרִ֔ים הַמִּֽתְהַלְּכִ֖ים בְּרַגְלֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And now, may this gift, which your handmaid has brought for my lord, be given to the servant-lads who are following at my lord's feet. |
↳ also 1 Sam 25:31 and 1 Sam 25:33.
gift ← blessing. |
| 1 Sam 25:28 | שָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לַֽאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּי־מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ | Please forgive your handmaid's transgression, for the Lord will certainly make my lord a secure house, for my lord is fighting the Lord's wars, and evil has not been found in you in all your days. |
will certainly make: infinitive absolute.
secure: or faithful. in all your days ← from / since all your days. |
| 1 Sam 25:29 | וַיָּ֤קָם אָדָם֙ לִרְדָפְךָ֔ וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְֽהָיְתָה֩ נֶ֨פֶשׁ אֲדֹנִ֜י צְרוּרָ֣ה ׀ בִּצְר֣וֹר הַחַיִּ֗ים אֵ֚ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ יְקַלְּעֶ֔נָּה בְּת֖וֹךְ כַּ֥ף הַקָּֽלַע׃ | But a man has arisen to pursue you and to seek your life, but my lord's life is wrapped up in the bundle of life with the Lord your God, but as for the life of your enemies, he will sling it out as from the cradle of a sling. |
life (3x) ← soul.
from ← inside. |
| 1 Sam 25:30 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֶת־הַטּוֹבָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יךָ וְצִוְּךָ֥ לְנָגִ֖יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it will come to pass that the Lord will do for my lord all the good he has spoken about concerning you, and he will appoint you as leader over Israel. |
all ← according to all.
appoint ← command, but also appoint. |
| 1 Sam 25:31 | וְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את ׀ לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ ס | And don't let this be an unsettling matter to you, or a disconcerting affair to my lord, whether it is about shedding blood for no reason, or my lord giving himself victory, and may the Lord do good to my lord, and may you remember your handmaid.” |
unsettling matter to you, or a disconcerting affair ← unsteadiness to you and stumbling of the heart.
giving himself victory: see 1 Sam 25:26. |
| 1 Sam 25:32 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖ד לַאֲבִיגַ֑ל בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לִקְרָאתִֽי׃ | Then David said to Abigail, “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel who has sent you to me today. |
Abigail ← Abigal here.
to me ← towards me. |
| 1 Sam 25:33 | וּבָר֥וּךְ טַעְמֵ֖ךְ וּבְרוּכָ֣ה אָ֑תְּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּלִתִ֜נִי הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדִ֖י לִֽי׃ | And blessed is your conduct and blessed are you, in that you have stopped me on this day from embarking on bloodshed, and from my own ability giving me victory. |
conduct ← taste, flavour, and in 1 Sam 21:14 (1 Sam 21:13AV), character.
embarking on ... my own ability giving me victory: see 1 Sam 25:26. |
| 1 Sam 25:34 | וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ *ותבאתי **וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ | But as the Lord God of Israel lives, who has prevented me from harming you, for unless you had hastened in coming to me, Nabal would certainly not have had anyone who urinates against a wall left to him by morning light.” |
in coming: both ketiv and qeré are anomalous forms, having afformatives from both the nominal past and future tenses.
Nabal would certainly not ← if Nabal, standing for if Nabal ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Sam 25:35 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מִיָּדָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֖יאָה ל֑וֹ וְלָ֣הּ אָמַ֗ר עֲלִ֤י לְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ רְאִי֙ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי בְקוֹלֵ֔ךְ וָאֶשָּׂ֖א פָּנָֽיִךְ׃ | And David took what she had brought him from her hand, and he said to her, “Go up to your house in peace. Look I have heeded you, and I have granted your request.” |
heeded you ← heard your voice.
granted your request ← uplifted your face. |
| 1 Sam 25:36 | וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל ׀ אֶל־נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | Then Abigail went to Nabal, and she saw that he was holding a banquet in his house like the king's banquet, and Nabal's heart was merry, and he was very drunk, and she didn't tell him anything great or small until morning light. |
she saw that ← behold.
merry ← good on him. |
| 1 Sam 25:37 | וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֗קֶר בְּצֵ֤את הַיַּ֙יִן֙ מִנָּבָ֔ל וַתַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּ֤מָת לִבּוֹ֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וְה֖וּא הָיָ֥ה לְאָֽבֶן׃ | Then it came to pass in the morning, when the effects of the wine had gone from Nabal, that when his wife told him these things, his heart died within him, and he became like stone. | gone ← gone out. |
| 1 Sam 25:38 | וַיְהִ֖י כַּעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּגֹּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָבָ֖ל וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And it came to pass after ten days that the Lord struck Nabal, and he died. | ten ← about ten, but the preposition is probably redundant with numerals. See Josh 7:3, Josh 7:5, Luke 9:28. |
| 1 Sam 25:39 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And David heard that Nabal had died, and he said, “Blessed be the Lord, who has vindicated me who was held in contempt from Nabal's stand, and who has saved his servant from harm, and the Lord has turned Nabal's harm back on his head.” Then David sent men to tell Abigail that he would take her to be his wife. |
vindicated me who was held in contempt ← contended the contention of my contempt, with an objective genitive (he contemned me).
stand ← hand. to tell ← and he told. |
| 1 Sam 25:40 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And David's servants came to Abigail at Carmel, and they spoke to her and said, “David has sent us to you to take you to be his wife.” | at Carmel ← to the Carmel. |
| 1 Sam 25:41 | וַתָּ֕קָם וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לְשִׁפְחָ֔ה לִרְחֹ֕ץ רַגְלֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | Then she arose and bowed with her face to the ground, and she said, “Here I am as your handmaid, as a servant-girl to wash the feet of my lord's servants.” | here I am ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 25:42 | וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Then Abigail made haste and arose and rode on a donkey, with her five servant-girls walking in her tracks, and she followed David's messengers, and she became his wife. |
a donkey ← the donkey. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
in her tracks ← at her foot. Compare Gen 30:30. |
| 1 Sam 25:43 | וְאֶת־אֲחִינֹ֛עַם לָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֑אל וַתִּהְיֶ֛יןָ גַּֽם־שְׁתֵּיהֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ לְנָשִֽׁים׃ ס | And David took Ahinoam from Jezreel, and both of them became his wives. |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
both ← also both. |
| 1 Sam 25:44 | וְשָׁא֗וּל נָתַ֛ן אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד לְפַלְטִ֥י בֶן־לַ֖יִשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִגַּלִּֽים׃ | And Saul gave Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Palti the son of Laish who was from Gallim. | Palti: AV= Phalti, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| 1 Sam 26:1 | וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַזִּפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֨וֹא דָוִ֤ד מִסְתַּתֵּר֙ בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֔ה עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃ | Then the Ziphites came to Saul in Gibeah and said, “Isn't David hiding in the hill of Hachilah opposite Jeshimon?” |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57.
in Gibeah ← to the Gibeah. |
| 1 Sam 26:2 | וַיָּ֣קָם שָׁא֗וּל וַיֵּ֙רֶד֙ אֶל־מִדְבַּר־זִ֔יף וְאִתּ֛וֹ שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּחוּרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִֽיף׃ | And Saul arose and went down to the Desert of Ziph, and with him were three thousand men – young men of Israel – to seek David in the Desert of Ziph. | |
| 1 Sam 26:3 | וַיִּ֨חַן שָׁא֜וּל בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹ֖ן עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וְדָוִד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיַּ֕רְא כִּ֣י בָ֥א שָׁא֛וּל אַחֲרָ֖יו הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ | And Saul encamped at the hill of Hachilah, which is opposite Jeshimon on the way there. Now David was living in the desert, and he saw that Saul had come after him in the desert. |
Jeshimon ← the Jeshimon.
in the desert (second occurrence in verse) ← to the desert. |
| 1 Sam 26:4 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד מְרַגְּלִ֑ים וַיֵּ֕דַע כִּֽי־בָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל אֶל־נָכֽוֹן׃ | So David sent spies, and he found out that Saul had indeed come. | found out ← knew. |
| 1 Sam 26:5 | וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וַיָּבֹא֮ אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָנָה־שָׁ֣ם שָׁאוּל֒ וַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד אֶת־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָֽׁכַב־שָׁ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל וְאַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵ֖ר שַׂר־צְבָא֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל וְהָעָ֖ם חֹנִ֥ים *סביבתו **סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ | Then David arose and went to the place where Saul had encamped, and David saw the place where Saul was stationed, with Abner the son of Ner, the commander of his army, with Saul located in a circular barricade of wagons, with the people encamped around him. |
around him: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
stationed ← lying, lodging. with Abner ... with Saul ... with the people ← and Abner ... and Saul ... and the people. |
| 1 Sam 26:6 | וַיַּ֨עַן דָּוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֣לֶךְ הַחִתִּ֗י וְאֶל־אֲבִישַׁ֨י בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֜ה אֲחִ֤י יוֹאָב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יֵרֵ֥ד אִתִּ֛י אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִישַׁ֔י אֲנִ֖י אֵרֵ֥ד עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And David reacted and spoke to Ahimelech the Hittite and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah, the brother of Joab, and he said, “Who will go down with me, to Saul, to the camp?” And Abishai said, “I will go down with you.” | reacted ← answered, but no question asked. |
| 1 Sam 26:7 | וַיָּבֹא֩ דָוִ֨ד וַאֲבִישַׁ֥י ׀ אֶל־הָעָם֮ לַיְלָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל שֹׁכֵ֤ב יָשֵׁן֙ בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל וַחֲנִית֥וֹ מְעוּכָֽה־בָאָ֖רֶץ *מראשתו **מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וְאַבְנֵ֣ר וְהָעָ֔ם שֹׁכְבִ֖ים *סביבתו **סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס | So David and Abishai went to the people by night, and they saw Saul lying asleep in the circular barricade of wagons, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head-end and Abner and the people lying around him. |
head-end ... around him: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
they saw ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 26:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲבִישַׁי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד סִגַּ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־אוֹיִבְךָ֖ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֩ אַכֶּ֨נּוּ נָ֜א בַּחֲנִ֤ית וּבָאָ֙רֶץ֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁנֶ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | Then Abishai said to David, “God has delivered your enemy into your hand today, so now I will strike him, if I may, with a spear to the ground, in one go, and I will not need to do it to him a second time.” | to the ground ← and the ground. |
| 1 Sam 26:9 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁ֖י אַל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֑הוּ כִּ֠י מִ֣י שָׁלַ֥ח יָד֛וֹ בִּמְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה וְנִקָּֽה׃ פ | But David said to Abishai, “Do not dispatch him, for who can lay his hand on the Lord's anointed and be held guiltless?” | lay ← send. |
| 1 Sam 26:10 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אִם־יְהוָ֖ה יִגָּפֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־יוֹמ֤וֹ יָבוֹא֙ וָמֵ֔ת א֧וֹ בַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה יֵרֵ֖ד וְנִסְפָּֽה׃ | And David said, “As the Lord lives, let rather the Lord strike him, or let his day come when he dies, or let him go down to battle and perish. | |
| 1 Sam 26:11 | חָלִ֤ילָה לִּי֙ מֵֽיהוָ֔ה מִשְּׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בִּמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְ֠עַתָּה קַח־נָ֨א אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית אֲשֶׁ֧ר *מראשתו **מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֛יו וְאֶת־צַפַּ֥חַת הַמַּ֖יִם וְנֵ֥לֲכָה לָּֽנוּ׃ | Far be it from me with the Lord that I should lay my hand on the Lord's anointed, so now, take, would you, the spear which is at his head-end, and the water-flask, and let us go our way.” |
head-end: see 1 Sam 26:7.
with ← from. lay ← send. |
| 1 Sam 26:12 | וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת הַמַּ֙יִם֙ מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ וְאֵ֨ין יוֹדֵ֜עַ וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ יְשֵׁנִ֔ים כִּ֚י תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נָפְלָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | So David took the spear and the water-flask from Saul's head-end, and they went their way, and no-one saw, and no-one knew, and no-one woke up, for they were all asleep, for a deep sleep from the Lord had fallen on them. | from the Lord ← of the Lord, perhaps standing for an extremely deep (sleep); see Gen 23:6, but the Hebrew here is Yhvh, not Elohim. |
| 1 Sam 26:13 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר דָּוִד֙ הָעֵ֔בֶר וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד עַל־רֹאשׁ־הָהָ֖ר מֵֽרָחֹ֑ק רַ֥ב הַמָּק֖וֹם בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then David crossed to the opposite side and stood on the peak of the mountain at a distance, the distance between them being large. | distance ← place, space. |
| 1 Sam 26:14 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א דָוִ֜ד אֶל־הָעָ֗ם וְאֶל־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא תַעֲנֶ֖ה אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיַּ֤עַן אַבְנֵר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה קָרָ֥אתָ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And David called out to the people and to Abner the son of Ner and said, “Do you not answer, Abner?” And Abner answered and said, “Who are you who have called out to the king?” | |
| 1 Sam 26:15 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־אַבְנֵ֜ר הֲלוֹא־אִ֣ישׁ אַתָּ֗ה וּמִ֤י כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֶל־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־בָא֙ אַחַ֣ד הָעָ֔ם לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ | And David said to Abner, “Are you not a man? And who is like you in Israel? So why have you not kept guard over your lord the king? For one of the people came to dispatch your lord the king. | |
| 1 Sam 26:16 | לֹא־ט֞וֹב הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂיתָ֒ חַי־יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י בְנֵי־מָ֙וֶת֙ אַתֶּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־שְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם עַל־אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־מְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ רְאֵ֗ה אֵֽי־חֲנִ֥ית הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְאֶת־צַפַּ֥חַת הַמַּ֖יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר *מראשתו **מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו׃ | This thing that you have done is not right – as the Lord lives – for you deserve death, in that you did not keep guard over your lord, over the Lord's anointed. So now, look for the king's spear and water-flask which were at his head-end.” |
his head-end: see 1 Sam 26:7.
you deserve death ← you (are) sons of death. look for ← see where. |
| 1 Sam 26:17 | וַיַּכֵּ֤ר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל דָּוִ֔ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲקוֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד קוֹלִ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Saul recognized David's voice, and he said, “Is this your voice, my son David?” And David said, “It is my voice, my lord the king.” | |
| 1 Sam 26:18 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י רֹדֵ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ כִּ֚י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתִי וּמַה־בְּיָדִ֖י רָעָֽה׃ | Then he said, “Why is it that my lord pursues his servant, because what have I done, and what wrong is to my charge? | to my charge ← in my hand. |
| 1 Sam 26:19 | וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽשְׁמַֽע־נָא֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהוָ֞ה הֱסִֽיתְךָ֥ בִי֙ יָרַ֣ח מִנְחָ֔ה וְאִ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֗ם אֲרוּרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־גֵרְשׁ֣וּנִי הַיּ֗וֹם מֵהִסְתַּפֵּ֜חַ בְּנַחֲלַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֵ֥ךְ עֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | So now, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If the Lord has stirred you up against me, let him smell an offering. But if the incitement is from the sons of men, they are accursed before the Lord, for they drove me out today from joining the Lord's inheritance, and they said, ‘Go and serve other gods.’ | men ← Adam. |
| 1 Sam 26:20 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אַל־יִפֹּ֤ל דָּֽמִי֙ אַ֔רְצָה מִנֶּ֖גֶד פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָצָ֞א מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְבַקֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֣שׁ אֶחָ֔ד כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִרְדֹּ֥ף הַקֹּרֵ֖א בֶּהָרִֽים׃ | So now, don't let my blood fall to the ground in the presence of the Lord, for the king of Israel came out to seek a single flea, like one chasing a partridge in the mountains.” | |
| 1 Sam 26:21 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שָׁא֨וּל חָטָ֜אתִי שׁ֣וּב בְּנִֽי־דָוִ֗ד כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָרַ֤ע לְךָ֙ ע֔וֹד תַּ֠חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָקְרָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֛י בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנֵּ֥ה הִסְכַּ֛לְתִּי וָאֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | Then Saul said, “I have sinned. Return, my son David, for I will not harm you any more, because my life was valued in your sight this day. Look, I have acted foolishly, and I have erred very greatly.” | life ← soul. |
| 1 Sam 26:22 | וַיַּ֤עַן דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה *החנית **חֲנִ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְיַעֲבֹ֛ר אֶחָ֥ד מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֖ים וְיִקָּחֶֽהָ׃ | Then David answered and said, “Here is {K: the spear, O king} [Q: the king's spear]. Now let one of the lads come across and fetch it. | here is ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 26:23 | וַֽיהוָה֙ יָשִׁ֣יב לָאִ֔ישׁ אֶת־צִדְקָת֖וֹ וְאֶת־אֱמֻנָת֑וֹ אֲשֶׁר֩ נְתָנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ הַיּוֹם֙ בְּיָ֔ד וְלֹ֣א אָבִ֔יתִי לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בִּמְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה׃ | And the Lord will render to each his righteousness and his faithfulness, in that the Lord delivered you into my hand today, but I was not willing to lay my hand on the Lord's anointed. | lay ← send. |
| 1 Sam 26:24 | וְהִנֵּ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר גָּדְלָ֧ה נַפְשְׁךָ֛ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה בְּעֵינָ֑י כֵּ֣ן תִּגְדַּ֤ל נַפְשִׁי֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְיַצִּלֵ֖נִי מִכָּל־צָרָֽה׃ פ | And look, just as your life was valued in my sight this day, so may my life be valued in the Lord's sight, and may he deliver me from all adversity.” |
life (2x): soul.
valued (2x) ← great. |
| 1 Sam 26:25 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד בָּר֤וּךְ אַתָּה֙ בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֔ד גַּ֚ם עָשֹׂ֣ה תַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְגַ֖ם יָכֹ֣ל תּוּכָ֑ל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ לְדַרְכּ֔וֹ וְשָׁא֖וּל שָׁ֥ב לִמְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ פ | Then Saul said to David, “Blessed are you, my son David. You will both accomplish much and prevail strongly.” Then David went his way, and Saul returned to his place. | accomplish much ... prevail strongly: both infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 27:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־לִבּ֔וֹ עַתָּ֛ה אֶסָּפֶ֥ה יוֹם־אֶחָ֖ד בְּיַד־שָׁא֑וּל אֵֽין־לִ֨י ט֜וֹב כִּ֣י הִמָּלֵ֥ט אִמָּלֵ֣ט ׀ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְנוֹאַ֨שׁ מִמֶּ֤נִּי שָׁאוּל֙ לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִי עוֹד֙ בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖י מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | And David said in his heart, “One of these days I will be eliminated by Saul. There is nothing better for me than to cleanly escape to the land of the Philistines, then Saul will desist from searching for me any more in every territory of Israel, and I will escape from his clutches.” |
one of these days ← soon one day.
by ← by the hand of. to cleanly escape: infinitive absolute. territory ← border. clutches ← hand. |
| 1 Sam 27:2 | וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר ה֔וּא וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ אֶל־אָכִ֥ישׁ בֶּן־מָע֖וֹךְ מֶ֥לֶךְ גַּֽת׃ | So David arose, and he crossed over, as did the six hundred men who were with him, to Achish the son of Maoch, the king of Gath. | |
| 1 Sam 27:3 | וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ דָּוִ֨ד עִם־אָכִ֥ישׁ בְּגַ֛ת ה֥וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֖יו אִ֣ישׁ וּבֵית֑וֹ דָּוִד֙ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י נָשָׁ֔יו אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֥יִל אֵֽשֶׁת־נָבָ֖ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃ | And David resided with Achish in Gath, he and his men, each with his household, David and his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess and Abigail the former wife of Nabal, the Carmelitess. | Jezreelitess: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Sam 27:4 | וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְשָׁא֔וּל כִּֽי־בָרַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד גַּ֑ת וְלֹֽא־*יוסף **יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְבַקְשֽׁוֹ׃ ס | And it was reported to Saul that David had fled to Gath, and he did not search for him any more. | did not ... any more ← add ... any more. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| 1 Sam 27:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אָכִ֗ישׁ אִם־נָא֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ יִתְּנוּ־לִ֣י מָק֗וֹם בְּאַחַ֛ת עָרֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְאֵ֣שְׁבָה שָּׁ֑ם וְלָ֨מָּה יֵשֵׁ֧ב עַבְדְּךָ֛ בְּעִ֥יר הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And David said to Achish, “Would you, if I have found grace in your eyes, let me be given a place in one of the country towns, and I will stay there, for why should your servant stay in the royal city with you?” | let me be given ← let them give me. Avoidance of the passive. |
| 1 Sam 27:6 | וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ אָכִ֛ישׁ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא אֶת־צִֽקְלָ֑ג לָכֵ֞ן הָיְתָ֤ה צִֽקְלַג֙ לְמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And Achish gave him Ziklag on that day, which is why Ziklag belongs to the kings of Judah as it is up to this day. | belongs ← became. |
| 1 Sam 27:7 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִסְפַּ֣ר הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁ֥ב דָּוִ֖ד בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים יָמִ֖ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And the number of days that David stayed in the country of the Philistines was for a year and four months. | a year and four months ← days and four months. Perhaps just four months, but that does not explain the copula, and, and the term days is taken as a year in 1 Sam 1:3, 1 Sam 1:21, 1 Sam 2:19. |
| 1 Sam 27:8 | וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י *והגרזי **וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then David and his men went up and invaded the Geshurites and the {Q: Gizrites} [K: Girzites], and the Amalekites, for they from ancient times had been the inhabitants of the land as you go to Shur as far as the land of Egypt. | Gizrites (qeré): AV= Gezrites. |
| 1 Sam 27:9 | וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָכִֽישׁ׃ | And David attacked the land, and he did not leave a man or a woman alive, and he took sheep and oxen and donkeys and camels and clothes, then he returned and went to Achish. | |
| 1 Sam 27:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל־נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל־נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי׃ | And Achish said, “Whom did you raid today?” And David said, “The south of Judah and the south of the Jerahmeelites, and the south of the Kenites.” | Jerahmeelites ← Jarhemeelites here, in an anomalous form, in [WLC], but Jerahmeelites in other manuscripts [BHS-CA] and in 1 Sam 30:29. |
| 1 Sam 27:11 | וְאִ֨ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֜ה לֹֽא־יְחַיֶּ֣ה דָוִ֗ד לְהָבִ֥יא גַת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פֶּן־יַגִּ֥דוּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־עָשָׂ֤ה דָוִד֙ וְכֹ֣ה מִשְׁפָּט֔וֹ כָּל־הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשַׁ֖ב בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And David did not leave a man or a woman alive to bring a report to Gath, and he said, “It is in order that they do not report on us and say, ‘This is what David did, and this has been his custom all the days that he has been living in the countryside of the Philistines.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
this has been ← thus. |
| 1 Sam 27:12 | וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ן אָכִ֖ישׁ בְּדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַבְאֵ֤שׁ הִבְאִישׁ֙ בְּעַמּ֣וֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָ֥יָה לִ֖י לְעֶ֥בֶד עוֹלָֽם׃ פ | And Achish believed David, and he said, “He has acted utterly odiously with his own people – with Israel – and he will become my servant perpetually.” | utterly odiously: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 28:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃ | And it came to pass in those days that the Philistines assembled their battalions for battle, to fight against Israel, and Achish said to David, “You will be well aware that you will be going out with me in the battalion, you and your men.” |
battalions ... battalion ← encampments ... encampment.
you will be well aware: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 28:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־אָכִ֔ישׁ לָכֵן֙ אַתָּ֣ה תֵדַ֔ע אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד לָכֵ֗ן שֹׁמֵ֧ר לְרֹאשִׁ֛י אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ | And David said to Achish, “Yes, for you are aware of what your servant will do.” And Achish said to David, “That is why I will make you my bodyguard permanently.” |
my bodyguard ← guardian of my head.
permanently ← all the days. |
| 1 Sam 28:3 | וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־לוֹ֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בָרָמָ֖ה וּבְעִיר֑וֹ וְשָׁא֗וּל הֵסִ֛יר הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Now Samuel was dead, and the whole of Israel mourned for him, and they buried him in Ramah – so in his own city. Now Saul had removed the necromancers and the wizards from the land. | necromancers: or mediums. |
| 1 Sam 28:4 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְשׁוּנֵ֑ם וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | And the Philistines assembled and came and encamped at Shunem, while Saul assembled the whole of Israel, and they encamped at Gilboa. | |
| 1 Sam 28:5 | וַיַּ֥רְא שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּרָ֕א וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ | And Saul saw the Philistines' camp, and he became afraid and his heart trembled a lot. | trembled a lot: or became very fearful, but the word is used of mountains trembling in Ex 19:18. Modern Hebrew does not admit the meaning to tremble. |
| 1 Sam 28:6 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל שָׁאוּל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א עָנָ֖הוּ יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֧ם בַּחֲלֹמ֛וֹת גַּ֥ם בָּאוּרִ֖ים גַּ֥ם בַּנְּבִיאִֽם׃ | So Saul inquired of the Lord, but the Lord did not answer him, either in dreams, or by the Urim, or by the prophets. |
of ← at.
Urim ← lights. See Ex 28:30. |
| 1 Sam 28:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל לַעֲבָדָ֗יו בַּקְּשׁוּ־לִי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת בַּעֲלַת־א֔וֹב וְאֵלְכָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶדְרְשָׁה־בָּ֑הּ וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֛ה אֵ֥שֶׁת בַּֽעֲלַת־א֖וֹב בְּעֵ֥ין דּֽוֹר׃ | And Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman necromancer, and I will go to her, and I will inquire of her.” Then his servants said to him, “There is a woman necromancer in En-Dor.” |
find ← seek.
of ← at. there is ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 28:8 | וַיִּתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּלְבַּשׁ֙ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ה֗וּא וּשְׁנֵ֤י אֲנָשִׁים֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר *קסומי־**קָֽסֳמִי־נָ֥א לִי֙ בָּא֔וֹב וְהַ֣עֲלִי לִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֖ר אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ | So Saul disguised himself, and he put other clothes on, and he set off – he and two men with him – and they came to the woman by night. And he said, “Divine for me by necromancy, please, and bring up for me him whom I say to you.” | divine: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| 1 Sam 28:9 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִכְרִ֛ית אֶת־הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖י מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלָמָ֥ה אַתָּ֛ה מִתְנַקֵּ֥שׁ בְּנַפְשִׁ֖י לַהֲמִיתֵֽנִי׃ | And the woman said to him, “Look, you know what Saul did when he cut the necromancers and the wizards off from the land, so why are you laying a snare to my life, to have me killed?” |
life ← soul.
to have me killed ← to have me die. |
| 1 Sam 28:10 | וַיִּשָּׁ֤בַֽע לָהּ֙ שָׁא֔וּל בַּֽיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֕ה אִֽם־יִקְּרֵ֥ךְ עָוֺ֖ן בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then Saul swore to her by the Lord and said, “As the Lord lives, no incrimination will be made against you in this matter.” |
no incrimination ← if an iniquity, standing for if an incrimination ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
be made against you ← happen to you. |
| 1 Sam 28:11 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה אֶת־מִ֖י אַֽעֲלֶה־לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַֽעֲלִי־לִֽי׃ | And the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” And he said, “Bring Samuel up for me.” | |
| 1 Sam 28:12 | וַתֵּ֤רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַתִּזְעַ֖ק בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל וַתֹּאמֶר֩ הָאִשָּׁ֨ה אֶל־שָׁא֧וּל לֵאמֹ֛ר לָ֥מָּה רִמִּיתָ֖נִי וְאַתָּ֥ה שָׁאֽוּל׃ | Then when the woman saw Samuel, she shouted in a loud voice, and the woman spoke to Saul and said, “Why have you deceived me, for you are Saul.” | for: causal use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 28:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֥הּ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י כִּ֣י מָ֣ה רָאִ֑ית וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אֱלֹהִ֥ים רָאִ֖יתִי עֹלִ֥ים מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the king said to her, “Don't be afraid, but what did you see?” And the woman said to Saul, “I saw gods ascending from the earth.” | ascending: plural, supporting, but not mandating, the plural gods. |
| 1 Sam 28:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַֽה־תָּאֳר֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה וְה֥וּא עֹטֶ֖ה מְעִ֑יל וַיֵּ֤דַע שָׁאוּל֙ כִּֽי־שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיִּקֹּ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס | And he said to her, “What was its form?” And she said, “An old man came up, and he was enveloped in a robe.” And Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed face down to the ground and prostrated himself. | its: or his. Probably referring to the apparition in general. A reference to the gods of 1 Sam 28:13 would normally require a plural pronoun, just as ascending in that verse is plural. |
| 1 Sam 28:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לָ֥מָּה הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי לְהַעֲל֣וֹת אֹתִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁ֠אוּל צַר־לִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים ׀ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים סָ֤ר מֵֽעָלַי֙ וְלֹֽא־עָנָ֣נִי ע֗וֹד גַּ֤ם בְּיַֽד־הַנְּבִיאִם֙ גַּם־בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ ס | Then Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you stirred me up to make me come up?” And Saul said, “I am very much in a strait, for the Philistines are fighting me, and God has departed from me, and he no longer answers me, either by the intermediacy of the prophets or in dreams, so I called you up to inform me about what I should do.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Sam 28:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וְלָ֖מָּה תִּשְׁאָלֵ֑נִי וַיהוָ֛ה סָ֥ר מֵעָלֶ֖יךָ וַיְהִ֥י עָרֶֽךָ׃ | Then Samuel said, “But why should you ask me, when the Lord has departed from you, and he has become your enemy? | from ← from on. |
| 1 Sam 28:17 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר בְּיָדִ֑י וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ מִיָּדֶ֔ךָ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּ לְרֵעֲךָ֥ לְדָוִֽד׃ | And the Lord did for his part as he had said through my intermediacy, and the Lord tore the kingdom from your hand and gave it to your compatriot David. | through my intermediacy ← by my hand. |
| 1 Sam 28:18 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֙עְתָּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־עָשִׂ֥יתָ חֲרוֹן־אַפּ֖וֹ בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק עַל־כֵּן֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה עָשָֽׂה־לְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | As you did not obey the voice of the Lord, and you did not execute the fury of his anger on Amalek, the Lord has done this thing to you this day. | obey ← hear the voice of. |
| 1 Sam 28:19 | וְיִתֵּ֣ן יְ֠הוָה גַּ֣ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל עִמְּךָ֙ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמָחָ֕ר אַתָּ֥ה וּבָנֶ֖יךָ עִמִּ֑י גַּ֚ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִתֵּ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And the Lord has also delivered Israel with you into the hand of the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons will be with me, and the Lord will also deliver Israel's camp into the hand of the Philistines.” | |
| 1 Sam 28:20 | וַיְמַהֵ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מְלֹא־קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה וַיִּרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד מִדִּבְרֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל גַּם־כֹּ֙חַ֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה ב֔וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָכַל֙ לֶ֔חֶם כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם וְכָל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | Then Saul quickly fell down at full length to the ground, and he was very afraid at Samuel's words. Moreover there was no strength in him, for he had not eaten bread all day and all night. |
length ← height, stature.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22, 1 Sam 28:24 for what a piece of bread stands for. |
| 1 Sam 28:21 | וַתָּב֤וֹא הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַתֵּ֖רֶא כִּי־נִבְהַ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁמְעָ֤ה שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ בְּקוֹלֶ֔ךָ וָאָשִׂ֤ים נַפְשִׁי֙ בְּכַפִּ֔י וָֽאֶשְׁמַע֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָֽי׃ | And the woman came up to Saul, and she saw that he was very alarmed, and she said to him, “Look, your maidservant has obeyed you, and I put my life in my hand, and I heeded your words which you spoke to me. |
obeyed you ← heard your voice.
put my life in my hand ← put my soul in my palm, i.e. risked my life. |
| 1 Sam 28:22 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁמַֽע־נָ֤א גַם־אַתָּה֙ בְּק֣וֹל שִׁפְחָתֶ֔ךָ וְאָשִׂ֧מָה לְפָנֶ֛יךָ פַּת־לֶ֖חֶם וֶאֱכ֑וֹל וִיהִ֤י בְךָ֙ כֹּ֔חַ כִּ֥י תֵלֵ֖ךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | So now, please will you comply with your maidservant, and I will place before you a piece of bread, and eat so you have strength when you go on your way.” |
comply with ← hear the voice of.
piece of bread: standing for a portion of food – or a good meal: see 1 Sam 28:24. |
| 1 Sam 28:23 | וַיְמָאֵ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֹכַ֔ל וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ב֤וֹ עֲבָדָיו֙ וְגַם־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע לְקֹלָ֑ם וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃ | But he refused and said, “I will not eat”, but his servants and also the woman urged him, and he complied with them and got up from the ground and sat on the couch. | complied with ← heard the voice of. |
| 1 Sam 28:24 | וְלָאִשָּׁ֤ה עֵֽגֶל־מַרְבֵּק֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת וַתְּמַהֵ֖ר וַתִּזְבָּחֵ֑הוּ וַתִּקַּח־קֶ֣מַח וַתָּ֔לָשׁ וַתֹּפֵ֖הוּ מַצּֽוֹת׃ | Now the woman had a fatted calf at the house, and she went quickly and sacrificed it, and she took flour and kneaded it and baked it into unleavened bread. | fatted calf ← calf of the stall. |
| 1 Sam 28:25 | וַתַּגֵּ֧שׁ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֛וּל וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַהֽוּא׃ פ | And she served it to Saul and his servants, and they ate, and they arose then departed on that night. |
to ← before.
then: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 29:1 | וַיִּקְבְּצ֧וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־כָּל־מַחֲנֵיהֶ֖ם אֲפֵ֑קָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | And the Philistines assembled all their battalions in Aphek while Israel was encamping at the fount which is in Jezreel. |
battalions ← camps.
in Aphek ← to Aphek. Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Sam 29:2 | וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים וְדָוִ֣ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽבְרִ֛ים בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֖ה עִם־אָכִֽישׁ׃ | And the barons of the Philistines crossed over in hundreds and in thousands, and David and his men crossed over at the rear with Achish. | |
| 1 Sam 29:3 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא־זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד ׀ שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ־זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And the commanders of the Philistines said, “What are these Hebrews doing here?” And Achish said to the commanders of the Philistines, “Is this not David, the servant of Saul king of Israel, who has been with me all these days or all these years, in whom I have not found anything amiss from the day when he arrived up to this day.” | arrived ← fell, alighted. |
| 1 Sam 29:4 | וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת־הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃ | But the commanders of the Philistines were angry with him, and the commanders of the Philistines said to him, “Send the man back so he returns to his place where you appointed him to be, so he does not go down to battle with us and will not be an adversary of ours in the battle. And on what grounds should this man ingratiate himself to his master? Is he not one of the heads of those men? | one of the heads ← at the heads. |
| 1 Sam 29:5 | הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲנוּ־ל֛וֹ בַּמְּחֹל֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ בַּֽאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד *ברבבתו **בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃ ס |
Is this not David, whom they eulogized with dances, saying,
‘Saul struck down his thousands, But David his {Q: tens of thousands} [K: ten thousand].’ ” |
ten thousand: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| 1 Sam 29:6 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו חַי־יְהוָ֞ה כִּי־יָשָׁ֣ר אַתָּ֗ה וְט֣וֹב בְּ֠עֵינַי צֵאתְךָ֨ וּבֹאֲךָ֤ אִתִּי֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִֽי בְךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה מִיּ֛וֹם בֹּאֲךָ֥ אֵלַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הַסְּרָנִ֖ים לֹֽא־ט֥וֹב אָֽתָּה׃ | Then Achish called for David, and he said to him, “As the Lord lives, you are surely upright, and it was good in my sight that you should associate with me in the battalion, for I have found no fault in you from the day you came to me up to this day, but you are unwelcome in the sight of the barons. |
associate ← go out and come in.
battalion ← camp. fault ← evil. unwelcome ← not good. |
| 1 Sam 29:7 | וְעַתָּ֥ה שׁ֖וּב וְלֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וְלֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י סַרְנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ ס | So now, return and go in peace, and do not do what is wrong in the sight of the barons of the Philistines.” | |
| 1 Sam 29:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אָכִ֗ישׁ כִּ֣י מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ וּמַה־מָּצָ֣אתָ בְעַבְדְּךָ֔ מִיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיִ֣יתִי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָבוֹא֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְתִּי בְּאֹיְבֵ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then David said to Achish, “Well what have I done and what have you found in your servant from the day that I was first in your presence up to this day, that I should not go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king?” | well ← because, but it is probably no more than a filler word. |
| 1 Sam 29:9 | וַיַּ֣עַן אָכִישׁ֮ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־דָּוִד֒ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב אַתָּ֛ה בְּעֵינַ֖י כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אַ֣ךְ שָׂרֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה עִמָּ֖נוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And Achish answered and said to David, “I know that you are good – in my sight like an angel of God. But the commanders of the Philistines have said, ‘He shall not go up with us into the battle.’ | |
| 1 Sam 29:10 | וְעַתָּה֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְעַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְא֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם וָלֵֽכוּ׃ | So now, get up early in the morning with your lord's servants who came with you, and when you have got up early in the morning, and you have light, depart.” | with ← and. |
| 1 Sam 29:11 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד ה֤וּא וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת בַּבֹּ֔קֶר לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עָל֥וּ יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ ס | So David got up early – he and his men – to depart in the morning, so as to return to the land of the Philistines, and the Philistines went up to Jezreel. |
the land: i.e. Ziklag. See 1 Sam 27:6, 1 Sam 30:1, 1 Chr 12:21 (1 Chr 12:20AV).
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Sam 30:1 | וַיְהִ֞י בְּבֹ֨א דָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו צִֽקְלַ֖ג בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣י פָֽשְׁט֗וּ אֶל־נֶ֙גֶב֙ וְאֶל־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | Then it came to pass, as David and his men were going to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites invaded the south and Ziklag, and they attacked Ziklag and burned it with fire. | invaded the south and Ziklag ← spread out to the south and to Ziklag. |
| 1 Sam 30:2 | וַיִּשְׁבּ֨וּ אֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ֙ מִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל לֹ֥א הֵמִ֖יתוּ אִ֑ישׁ וַיִּֽנְהֲג֔וּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לְדַרְכָּֽם׃ | And they took the women who were in it captive, both small and great. They did not kill anyone, but they drove them along as they went their way. | both small and great ← from small and to great. See Gen 6:7. |
| 1 Sam 30:3 | וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֤ד וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׂרוּפָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֥ם וּבְנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נִשְׁבּֽוּ׃ | And David and his men came to the city, and what they saw was that it had been burned with fire, and their women and their sons and their daughters had been taken captive. | what they saw was that ← behold. |
| 1 Sam 30:4 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜ד וְהָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֛וֹ אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֵין־בָּהֶ֛ם כֹּ֖חַ לִבְכּֽוֹת׃ | And David and the people who were with him raised their voices and wept until they didn't have any strength to weep. | voices ← voice (one per person). |
| 1 Sam 30:5 | וּשְׁתֵּ֥י נְשֵֽׁי־דָוִ֖ד נִשְׁבּ֑וּ אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃ | Now David's two wives had been taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess and Abigail who had been the wife of Nabal the Carmelite, | Jezreelitess: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Sam 30:6 | וַתֵּ֨צֶר לְדָוִ֜ד מְאֹ֗ד כִּֽי־אָמְר֤וּ הָעָם֙ לְסָקְל֔וֹ כִּֽי־מָ֙רָה֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ עַל־*בנו **בָּנָ֣יו וְעַל־בְּנֹתָ֑יו וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֣ק דָּוִ֔ד בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ ס | and David was very distressed, for the people intended to stone him, for all the people were inwardly bitter – each man about his {K: son} [Q: sons] and about his daughters – but David gathered strength through the Lord his God. |
intended ← said. Compare Ex 2:14.
were inwardly bitter ← the soul (was) bitter. |
| 1 Sam 30:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ בֶּן־אֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ הַגִּֽישָׁה־נָּ֥א לִ֖י הָאֵפֹ֑ד וַיַּגֵּ֧שׁ אֶבְיָתָ֛ר אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃ | And David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Please bring the ephod up to me”, and Abiathar brought the ephod up to David. |
Abiathar (2x): see 1 Sam 22:20.
up (2x) ← near. |
| 1 Sam 30:8 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּ֖ה הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ רְדֹ֔ף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂ֥ג תַּשִּׂ֖יג וְהַצֵּ֥ל תַּצִּֽיל׃ | And David inquired of the Lord and said, “Should I pursue this troop? Will I catch up with them?” And he said to him, “Pursue, for you will certainly catch up with them and certainly bring deliverance.” |
of ← at.
with them ... with them ← with it ... (with it), i.e. with the troop. you will certainly catch up ... certainly bring deliverance: both infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Sam 30:9 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד ה֚וּא וְשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֑וֹר וְהַנּֽוֹתָרִ֖ים עָמָֽדוּ׃ | So David and the six hundred men who were with him set out and came to the Besor stream, whereas the rest stayed behind. | |
| 1 Sam 30:10 | וַיִּרְדֹּ֣ף דָּוִ֔ד ה֖וּא וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ מָאתַ֣יִם אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּגְּר֔וּ מֵעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַבְּשֽׂוֹר׃ | And David was in pursuit, he and four hundred men, whereas two hundred men who had become too exhausted to cross the Besor stream stayed behind. | |
| 1 Sam 30:11 | וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אִישׁ־מִצְרִי֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיִּקְח֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּתְּנוּ־ל֥וֹ לֶ֙חֶם֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַיַּשְׁקֻ֖הוּ מָֽיִם׃ | And they found an Egyptian man in the field, and they took him to David, and they gave him bread, and he ate, and they gave him water to drink. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Sam 30:12 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת׃ ס | And they gave him a slice of a cake of dried figs and two raisin cakes, and he ate, and his spirit returned to him, for he had not eaten bread and he had not drunk water for three days and three nights. | |
| 1 Sam 30:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֤וֹ דָוִד֙ לְֽמִי־אַ֔תָּה וְאֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֜אמֶר נַ֧עַר מִצְרִ֣י אָנֹ֗כִי עֶ֚בֶד לְאִ֣ישׁ עֲמָֽלֵקִ֔י וַיַּעַזְבֵ֧נִי אֲדֹנִ֛י כִּ֥י חָלִ֖יתִי הַיּ֥וֹם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And David said to him, “To whom do you belong? And where are you from?” And he said, “I am an Egyptian youth, the servant of an Amalekite man, but my master left me, because I became sick three days ago. | |
| 1 Sam 30:14 | אֲנַ֡חְנוּ פָּשַׁ֜טְנוּ נֶ֧גֶב הַכְּרֵתִ֛י וְעַל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִֽיהוּדָ֖ה וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב כָּלֵ֑ב וְאֶת־צִקְלַ֖ג שָׂרַ֥פְנוּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | We raided the south of the Cherethites' territory, and Judah's territory, and the south of Caleb's territory, and we burned Ziklag with fire.” | |
| 1 Sam 30:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ דָּוִ֔ד הֲתוֹרִדֵ֖נִי אֶל־הַגְּד֣וּד הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר הִשָּׁבְעָה֩ לִּ֨י בֵֽאלֹהִ֜ים אִם־תְּמִיתֵ֗נִי וְאִם־תַּסְגִּרֵ֙נִי֙ בְּיַד־אֲדֹנִ֔י וְאוֹרִֽדְךָ֖ אֶל־הַגְּד֥וּד הַזֶּֽה׃ | And David said to him, “Will you lead me down to this troop?” And he said, “Swear to me by God that you definitely will not kill me, and that you definitely will not deliver me up into the hand of my master, and I will lead you down to this troop.” | definitely will not kill me ... definitely will not deliver me up: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Sam 30:16 | וַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה נְטֻשִׁ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹכְלִ֤ים וְשֹׁתִים֙ וְחֹ֣גְגִ֔ים בְּכֹל֙ הַשָּׁלָ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | So he led him down, and he saw that there were people scattered over the whole expanse of the land, eating and drinking and celebrating all the great spoil which they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. |
he saw that there were ← behold.
scattered ← left. expanse ← face. |
| 1 Sam 30:17 | וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ | And David attacked them from dawn to evening the day after, and no-one escaped from them except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled. | |
| 1 Sam 30:18 | וַיַּצֵּ֣ל דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ עֲמָלֵ֑ק וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י נָשָׁ֖יו הִצִּ֥יל דָּוִֽד׃ | So David recovered everything that the Amalekites had taken, and David recovered his two wives. | recovered (2x) ← delivered. |
| 1 Sam 30:19 | וְלֹ֣א נֶעְדַּר־לָ֠הֶם מִן־הַקָּטֹ֨ן וְעַד־הַגָּד֜וֹל וְעַד־בָּנִ֤ים וּבָנוֹת֙ וּמִשָּׁלָ֔ל וְעַ֛ד כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם הַכֹּ֖ל הֵשִׁ֥יב דָּוִֽד׃ | And no-one whether small or great was missing from them, neither sons nor daughters, nor any spoil, nor anything which they had taken away. David recovered everything. |
anything ← everything.
taken away ← taken for themselves. recovered: here it is the usual word for to recover. Compare 1 Sam 30:18. |
| 1 Sam 30:20 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־הַצֹּ֖אן וְהַבָּקָ֑ר נָהֲג֗וּ לִפְנֵי֙ הַמִּקְנֶ֣ה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֖ה שְׁלַ֥ל דָּוִֽד׃ | And David took all the sheep and oxen. They drove them in front of the other livestock, and they said, “This is David's spoil.” | the other ← that. |
| 1 Sam 30:21 | וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ ס | Then David went to the two hundred men who had become too exhausted to follow David, whom they had stationed at the Besor stream. And they went out to meet David and to meet the people with him, and David approached the people and asked them how they were. |
stationed ← let dwell.
how they were ← about peace. |
| 1 Sam 30:22 | וַיַּ֜עַן כָּל־אִֽישׁ־רָ֣ע וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכ֣וּ עִם־דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹֽא־נִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִצַּ֑לְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ ס | And every evil or good-for-nothing man from the men who went with David answered and said, “Since they did not go with me, we will not give them any of the spoil which we have recovered, except for each man's wife and his sons, for them to take away and depart.” | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| 1 Sam 30:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ כֵ֖ן אֶחָ֑י אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁמֹ֣ר אֹתָ֔נוּ וַיִּתֵּ֗ן אֶֽת־הַגְּד֛וּד הַבָּ֥א עָלֵ֖ינוּ בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃ | But David said, “You shall not do this, my brothers, with what the Lord has given us, for he protected us, and he delivered the troop which came against us into our hands. |
this ← thus.
for: causal use of the vav. hands ← hand. |
| 1 Sam 30:24 | וּמִי֙ יִשְׁמַ֣ע לָכֶ֔ם לַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֞י כְּחֵ֣לֶק ׀ הַיֹּרֵ֣ד בַּמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וּֽכְחֵ֛לֶק הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב עַל־הַכֵּלִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֥ו יַחֲלֹֽקוּ׃ ס | And who will heed you in this matter? For the share of him who went down to battle will be as the share of him who stayed with the equipment. They will share it out together.” | |
| 1 Sam 30:25 | וַיְהִ֕י מֵֽהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָמָ֑עְלָה וַיְשִׂמֶ֜הָ לְחֹ֤ק וּלְמִשְׁפָּט֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And it came to pass from that day on that he made it a statute and a regulation for Israel, as it is up to this day. | |
| 1 Sam 30:26 | וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶל־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיְשַׁלַּ֧ח מֵֽהַשָּׁלָ֛ל לְזִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה לְרֵעֵ֣הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִשְּׁלַ֖ל אֹיְבֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then David came to Ziklag, and he sent some of the spoil to the elders of Judah, to his neighbour, and he said, “Here is a gift for you from the spoil of the Lord's enemies.” |
here is ← behold.
gift ← blessing. |
| 1 Sam 30:27 | לַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֛ל וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרָמֽוֹת־נֶ֖גֶב וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיַתִּֽר׃ | He sent it to those in Beth-El, and to those in Ramoth of the south, and to those in Jattir, | |
| 1 Sam 30:28 | וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בַּעֲרֹעֵ֛ר וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִֽׂפְמ֖וֹת וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ ס | and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa, | |
| 1 Sam 30:29 | וְלַאֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרָכָ֗ל וְלַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַיְּרַחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י הַקֵּינִֽי׃ | and to those in Rachal, and to those in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to those in the cities of the Kenites, | Jerahmeelites ... Kenites ← Jerahmeelite ... Kenite. |
| 1 Sam 30:30 | וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּחָרְמָ֛ה וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבוֹר־עָשָׁ֖ן וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּעֲתָֽךְ׃ | and to those in Hormah, and to those in Bor-Ashan, and to those in Athach, | Bor-Ashan: AV= Chor-ashan, as in many manuscripts [BHS-CA], and which is a more internally consistent name (furnace, rather than cistern, of smoke). |
| 1 Sam 30:31 | וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וּֽלְכָל־הַמְּקֹמ֛וֹת אֲשֶֽׁר־הִתְהַלֶּךְ־שָׁ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד ה֥וּא וַאֲנָשָֽׁיו׃ פ | and to those in Hebron, and to all the places which David frequented – he and his men. | |
| 1 Sam 31:1 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחָמִ֣ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֜סוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | Then the Philistines fought against Israel, and the men of Israel fled from the Philistines, and they fell as casualties on Mount Gilboa. |
|| 1 Chr 10:1.
from ← from before. casualties ← pierced, covering wounded and killed. |
| 1 Sam 31:2 | וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיַּכּ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים אֶת־יְהוֹנָתָ֧ן וְאֶת־אֲבִינָדָ֛ב וְאֶת־מַלְכִּי־שׁ֖וּעַ בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And the Philistines hotly pursued Saul and his sons, and the Philistines struck down Jonathan and Abinadab and Malchi-Shua, Saul's sons. |
|| 1 Chr 10:2.
hotly pursued ← made cleave to, but also followed closely. |
| 1 Sam 31:3 | וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּ הַמּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָשִׁ֣ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת וַיָּ֥חֶל מְאֹ֖ד מֵהַמּוֹרִֽים׃ | And the war went heavily against Saul, and the archers – men of the bow – hit him, and he was severely wounded by the archers. |
was ... wounded: we parse as qal future conversive of חיל, literally writhed. Hiphil of חלל would ↴
|| 1 Chr 10:3. |
| 1 Sam 31:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ לְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָ֠בוֹאוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה וּדְקָרֻ֙נִי֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And Saul said to his arms-bearer, “Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, so that these uncircumcised men do not come and thrust me through or ill-treat me.” But his arms-bearer was not willing to do so, because he was very afraid. So Saul took his sword and fell on it. |
↳ be transitive, but the sense of wounding from חלל may be an influence. Or re-point as pual of חלל (compare Ezek 32:26); here it would be וַיֻּחַל.
|| 1 Chr 10:4. |
| 1 Sam 31:5 | וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא־כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם־ה֛וּא עַל־חַרְבּ֖וֹ וַיָּ֥מָת עִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then when his arms-bearer saw that Saul had died, he too fell on his sword and died with him. | || 1 Chr 10:5. |
| 1 Sam 31:6 | וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁא֡וּל וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָיו֩ וְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו גַּ֧ם כָּל־אֲנָשָׁ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יַחְדָּֽו׃ | So Saul and his three sons died, as did his arms-bearer, and all his men together on that day. | || 1 Chr 10:6. |
| 1 Sam 31:7 | וַיִּרְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־בְּעֵ֨בֶר הָעֵ֜מֶק וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כִּֽי־נָ֙סוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִי־מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִים֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽן׃ ס | And when the men of Israel who were on the other side of the valley and on the other side of the Jordan saw that the men of Israel had fled, and that Saul and his sons had died, they left the cities and fled, and the Philistines came and lived in them. | || 1 Chr 10:7. |
| 1 Sam 31:8 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת־הַחֲלָלִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | And it came to pass, on the next day when the Philistines came to strip the fallen, that they found Saul and his three sons lying fallen at Mount Gilboa. |
|| 1 Chr 10:8.
fallen (first occurrence in verse) ← pierced, covering wounded and killed. fallen (second occurrence in verse) ← falling, but ↴ |
| 1 Sam 31:9 | וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ אֶת־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר בֵּ֥ית עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And they cut his head off and stripped his weaponry, and they sent messengers into the land of the Philistines round about to bring the good news to the house of their idols and to the people. |
↳ occasionally fallen. See [AnLx].
|| 1 Chr 10:9. |
| 1 Sam 31:10 | וַיָּשִׂ֙מוּ֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו בֵּ֖ית עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְאֶת־גְּוִיָּתוֹ֙ תָּקְע֔וּ בְּחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית שָֽׁן׃ | And they put his weaponry in the house of images of Astarte, and they fastened his corpse to the wall of Beth-Shan. |
|| 1 Chr 10:10.
images of Astarte ← Ashtaroth, i.e. Venuses. |
| 1 Sam 31:11 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ | And when the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead heard of it – of what the Philistines had done to Saul – |
|| 1 Chr 10:11.
Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Sam 31:12 | וַיָּק֜וּמוּ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֮ וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל־הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת־גְּוִיַּ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גְּוִיֹּ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית שָׁ֑ן וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יָבֵ֔שָׁה וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | every valiant man arose and went all night and took down Saul's corpse and his sons' corpses from the wall of Beth-Shan, and they went to Jabesh and burnt them there. | || 1 Chr 10:12. |
| 1 Sam 31:13 | וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ תַֽחַת־הָאֶ֖שֶׁל בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ פ | And they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh. And they fasted for seven days. | || 1 Chr 10:12. |
| 2 Sam 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת שָׁא֔וּל וְדָוִ֣ד שָׁ֔ב מֵהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הָעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב דָּוִ֛ד בְּצִקְלָ֖ג יָמִ֥ים שְׁנָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass after Saul's death that David returned from attacking the Amalekites, and David stayed in Ziklag for two days. | the Amalekites ← the Amalek. |
| 2 Sam 1:2 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וְהִנֵּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל וּבְגָדָ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיְהִי֙ בְּבֹא֣וֹ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ | And it came to pass on the third day that there was a man who had come from Saul's camp, whose clothes were torn, and there was soil on his head, and when he came to David, he fell to the ground and prostrated himself. |
there was ← behold.
from Saul's camp ← from the camp from with Saul. and when ← and it came to pass when. |
| 2 Sam 1:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה תָּב֑וֹא וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִמְלָֽטְתִּי׃ | And David said to him, “Where have you come from?” And he said to him, “I have escaped from Israel's camp.” | have you come: future (tense) / imperfective (aspect) / emanative (perspective) [LMcF]. Compare Gen 2:6. |
| 2 Sam 1:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֥יו דָּוִ֛ד מֶה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַגֶּד־נָ֣א לִ֑י וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨ס הָעָ֜ם מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְגַם־הַרְבֵּ֞ה נָפַ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ וַיָּמֻ֔תוּ וְגַ֗ם שָׁא֛וּל וִיהוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ מֵֽתוּ׃ | Then David asked him, “What happened? Do please tell me.” And he said that the people had fled from the battle and that many of the people had fallen and died, and that Saul and Jonathan his son had also died. |
asked ← said to.
what happened? ← what was the thing? |
| 2 Sam 1:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ אֵ֣יךְ יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־מֵ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Then David asked the lad who had told him, “How did you come to know that Saul and Jonathan his son died?” | asked ← said to. |
| 2 Sam 1:6 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֗וֹ נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙ בְּהַ֣ר הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַ וְהִנֵּ֥ה שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הָרֶ֛כֶב וּבַעֲלֵ֥י הַפָּרָשִׁ֖ים הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ׃ | And the lad who was informing him said, “Completely by chance I was on Mount Gilboa when I saw Saul leaning on his spear, while the chariot fleet and the horsemen were hotly pursuing him. |
completely by chance I was: infinitive absolute.
when I saw ← and behold. while ← and behold. |
| 2 Sam 1:7 | וַיִּ֥פֶן אַחֲרָ֖יו וַיִּרְאֵ֑נִי וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֵלָ֔י וָאֹמַ֖ר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ | And he turned round and saw me, and he called for me, and I said, ‘Here I am.’ |
round ← behind him.
here I am ← behold me. The lad was lying, thinking David would be pleased that he had killed Saul. See 2 Sam 4:10. |
| 2 Sam 1:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖י מִי־אָ֑תָּה *ויאמר **וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי׃ | Then he said to me, ‘Who are you?’ And {Q: I said} [K: he said] to him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ | On the ketiv and qeré, compare Neh 7:3. Perhaps the third person singular form became a fixed expression for wider usage. |
| 2 Sam 1:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י עֲמָד־נָ֤א עָלַי֙ וּמֹ֣תְתֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י אֲחָזַ֖נִי הַשָּׁבָ֑ץ כִּֽי־כָל־ע֥וֹד נַפְשִׁ֖י בִּֽי׃ | Then he said to me, ‘Come up to me please and kill me, for a seizure has taken hold of me, although my life is still in me.’ |
come up to me ← stand at me.
life ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 1:10 | וָאֶעֱמֹ֤ד עָלָיו֙ וַאֲמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑וֹ וָאֶקַּ֞ח הַנֵּ֣זֶר ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ וְאֶצְעָדָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־זְרֹע֔וֹ וָאֲבִיאֵ֥ם אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י הֵֽנָּה׃ | So I went up to him and killed him, for I knew that he would not live after his incident, and I took the crown which was on his head and the bangle which was on his arm, and I have brought them to my lord here.” |
I went up to him ← I stood at him.
incident ← fall. Parallel etymology (Latin cado / incido). |
| 2 Sam 1:11 | וַיַּחֲזֵ֥ק דָּוִ֛ד *בבגדו **בִּבְגָדָ֖יו וַיִּקְרָעֵ֑ם וְגַ֥ם כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | Then David took hold of his {Q: clothes} [K: cloak] and tore them, as did all the men who were with him. | as did ← and also. |
| 2 Sam 1:12 | וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ וַיִּבְכּ֔וּ וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב עַל־שָׁא֞וּל וְעַל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י נָפְל֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ ס | And they mourned and wept and fasted until the evening, for Saul and Jonathan his son, and for the Lord's people, and for the house of Israel, for they had fallen by the sword. | |
| 2 Sam 1:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶל־הַנַּ֙עַר֙ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בֶּן־אִ֛ישׁ גֵּ֥ר עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי׃ | Then David asked the lad who was informing him, “Where are you from?” And he said, “I am the son of a foreigner, an Amalekite.” |
asked ← said to.
foreigner ← sojourner man. |
| 2 Sam 1:14 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו דָּוִ֑ד אֵ֚יךְ לֹ֣א יָרֵ֔אתָ לִשְׁלֹ֙חַ֙ יָֽדְךָ֔ לְשַׁחֵ֖ת אֶת־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה׃ | And David said to him, “How come you did not fear to stretch out your hand to dispatch the Lord's anointed?” | |
| 2 Sam 1:15 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א דָוִ֗ד לְאַחַד֙ מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיֹּ֖אמֶר גַּ֣שׁ פְּגַע־בּ֑וֹ וַיַּכֵּ֖הוּ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And David called one of the lads and said, “Come up and strike him.” And he struck him, and he died. | come up ← approach. |
| 2 Sam 1:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ דָּוִ֔ד *דמיך **דָּמְךָ֖ עַל־רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ כִּ֣י פִ֗יךָ עָנָ֤ה בְךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָנֹכִ֥י מֹתַ֖תִּי אֶת־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then David said to him, “May your {Q: blood} [K: bloody deeds] be on your head, for your mouth testified against you, when you said, ‘I have killed the Lord's anointed.’ ” | bloody deeds (ketiv) ← bloods. |
| 2 Sam 1:17 | וַיְקֹנֵ֣ן דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־הַקִּינָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את עַל־שָׁא֖וּל וְעַל־יְהוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son, | |
| 2 Sam 1:18 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְלַמֵּ֥ד בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה קָ֑שֶׁת הִנֵּ֥ה כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֥פֶר הַיָּשָֽׁר׃ | and he gave the order to teach the sons of Judah archery – look, it is written in the Book of the Upright – |
gave the order ← said.
archery ← bow. the Upright ← the Jashar. AV differs (Jasher). Compare Josh 10:13. |
| 2 Sam 1:19 | הַצְּבִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַל־בָּמוֹתֶ֖יךָ חָלָ֑ל אֵ֖יךְ נָפְל֥וּ גִבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
“The gazelle – Israel – lies slain on your heights. How the mighty have fallen! |
|
| 2 Sam 1:20 | אַל־תַּגִּ֣ידוּ בְגַ֔ת אַֽל־תְּבַשְּׂר֖וּ בְּחוּצֹ֣ת אַשְׁקְל֑וֹן פֶּן־תִּשְׂמַ֙חְנָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּֽן־תַּעֲלֹ֖זְנָה בְּנ֥וֹת הָעֲרֵלִֽים׃ |
Do not report it in Gath, Do not proclaim it in the open places of Ashkelon, Lest the daughters of the Philistines should rejoice, Lest the daughters of the uncircumcised should exult. |
|
| 2 Sam 1:21 | הָרֵ֣י בַגִּלְבֹּ֗עַ אַל־טַ֧ל וְאַל־מָטָ֛ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וּשְׂדֵ֣י תְרוּמֹ֑ת כִּ֣י שָׁ֤ם נִגְעַל֙ מָגֵ֣ן גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים מָגֵ֣ן שָׁא֔וּל בְּלִ֖י מָשִׁ֥יחַ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ |
May there be no dew on the mountains of Gilboa, And may there be no rain on you, Nor on the fields for heave-offerings, For there the shield of heroes was abandoned – The shield of Saul without the one anointed with oil. |
without the one anointed with oil: or without the anointing of oil, referring to the shield. AV differs (not anointed with oil) referring to Saul. |
| 2 Sam 1:22 | מִדַּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֗ים מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙ גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים קֶ֚שֶׁת יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן לֹ֥א נָשׂ֖וֹג אָח֑וֹר וְחֶ֣רֶב שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃ |
From the blood of the slain, From the fat of the heroes, Jonathan's bow did not shrink, And Saul's sword did not return empty. |
shrink ← slide, retreat.
did not return: future (tense) / imperfective (aspect) / emanative (perspective) [LMcF]. Compare Gen 2:6. |
| 2 Sam 1:23 | שָׁא֣וּל וִיהוֹנָתָ֗ן הַנֶּאֱהָבִ֤ים וְהַנְּעִימִם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וּבְמוֹתָ֖ם לֹ֣א נִפְרָ֑דוּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֣ים קַ֔לּוּ מֵאֲרָי֖וֹת גָּבֵֽרוּ׃ |
Saul and Jonathan were loved and were delightful in their lives, And they did not part in their death. They were swifter than eagles; They were stronger than lions. |
|
| 2 Sam 1:24 | בְּנוֹת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל בְּכֶ֑ינָה הַמַּלְבִּֽשְׁכֶ֤ם שָׁנִי֙ עִם־עֲדָנִ֔ים הַֽמַּעֲלֶה֙ עֲדִ֣י זָהָ֔ב עַ֖ל לְבוּשְׁכֶֽן׃ |
O daughters of Israel, weep for Saul, Who clothed you in scarlet with delights, Who set ornaments of gold on your clothing. |
|
| 2 Sam 1:25 | אֵ֚יךְ נָפְל֣וּ גִבֹּרִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן עַל־בָּמוֹתֶ֖יךָ חָלָֽל׃ |
How the heroes have fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan was slain on your heights. |
|
| 2 Sam 1:26 | צַר־לִ֣י עָלֶ֗יךָ אָחִי֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נָעַ֥מְתָּ לִּ֖י מְאֹ֑ד נִפְלְאַ֤תָה אַהֲבָֽתְךָ֙ לִ֔י מֵאַהֲבַ֖ת נָשִֽׁים׃ |
I am distressed about you, my brother Jonathan. You were very much a source of pleasure to me. Your love for me was more wondrous Than the love of women. |
|
| 2 Sam 1:27 | אֵ֚יךְ נָפְל֣וּ גִבּוֹרִ֔ים וַיֹּאבְד֖וּ כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃ פ |
How the heroes have fallen And the weapons of war have perished!” |
|
| 2 Sam 2:1 | וַיְהִ֣י אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיִּשְׁאַל֩ דָּוִ֨ד בַּֽיהוָ֤ה ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ הַאֶעֱלֶ֗ה בְּאַחַת֙ עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו עֲלֵ֑ה וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אָ֥נָה אֶעֱלֶ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר חֶבְרֹֽנָה׃ | Then it came to pass after that, that David inquired of the Lord and asked, “Should I go up into one of the cities of Judah?” And the Lord said to him, “Go up.” Then David said, “Where should I go up to?” And he said, “To Hebron.” |
of ← at.
asked ← said. |
| 2 Sam 2:2 | וַיַּ֤עַל שָׁם֙ דָּוִ֔ד וְגַ֖ם שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשָׁ֑יו אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃ | So David went up there, as did his two wives Ahinoam the Jezreelitess and Abigail who had been the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. |
as did ← and also.
Jezreelitess: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Sam 2:3 | וַאֲנָשָׁ֧יו אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֛וֹ הֶעֱלָ֥ה דָוִ֖ד אִ֣ישׁ וּבֵית֑וֹ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּעָרֵ֥י חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And David brought up his men who were with him, each one and his household, and they lived in the cities of Hebron. | |
| 2 Sam 2:4 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּמְשְׁחוּ־שָׁ֧ם אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַנְשֵׁי֙ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָבְר֖וּ אֶת־שָׁאֽוּל׃ ס | And the men of Judah came, and they anointed David as king over the house of Judah. And they gave a report to David, and they said, “It is the men of Jabesh-Gilead who buried Saul.” | Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Sam 2:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם בְּרֻכִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֜ם הַחֶ֣סֶד הַזֶּ֗ה עִם־אֲדֹֽנֵיכֶם֙ עִם־שָׁא֔וּל וַֽתִּקְבְּר֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-Gilead, and he said to them, “Blessed are you to the Lord, because you did this kind act with your lord, with Saul, when you buried him. | Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Sam 2:6 | וְעַתָּ֕ה יַֽעַשׂ־יְהוָ֥ה עִמָּכֶ֖ם חֶ֣סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֑ת וְגַ֣ם אָנֹכִ֗י אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה אִתְּכֶם֙ הַטּוֹבָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | So now, may the Lord act kindly and in truth with you, and I too will recompense you this good deed, because you did this thing. | recompense you ← do with you. |
| 2 Sam 2:7 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יְדֵיכֶ֗ם וִֽהְיוּ֙ לִבְנֵי־חַ֔יִל כִּי־מֵ֖ת אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וְגַם־אֹתִ֗י מָשְׁח֧וּ בֵית־יְהוּדָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And now, may your hands be strengthened, and may you become valiant men, for your lord, Saul, is dead, and moreover the house of Judah has anointed me as king over them.” | valiant men ← sons of valour. |
| 2 Sam 2:8 | וְאַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר שַׂר־צָבָ֖א אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְשָׁא֑וּל לָקַ֗ח אֶת־אִ֥ישׁ בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֖הוּ מַחֲנָֽיִם׃ | But Abner the son of Ner, the commander of Saul's army, took Ish-Bosheth, Saul's son, and he brought him across to Mahanaim. | the commander ← a commander, but Abner is in a class of his own. The Hebrew article is often omitted in similar constructions. |
| 2 Sam 2:9 | וַיַּמְלִכֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וְאֶל־הָאֲשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶֽל־יִזְרְעֶ֑אל וְעַל־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וְעַל־בִּנְיָמִ֔ן וְעַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כֻּלֹּֽה׃ פ | And they made him king of Gilead, and of the Ashurites and of Jezreel, and of Ephraim and of Benjamin and of all of Israel. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Sam 2:10 | בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֣שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁא֗וּל בְּמָלְכוֹ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּשְׁתַּ֥יִם שָׁנִ֖ים מָלָ֑ךְ אַ֚ךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה הָי֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | Ish-Bosheth, Saul's son, was forty years old when he reigned over Israel, and he reigned for two years, but the house of Judah was behind David. | was behind: i.e. backed, supported. |
| 2 Sam 2:11 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִסְפַּ֣ר הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דָוִ֥ד מֶ֛לֶךְ בְּחֶבְר֖וֹן עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ ס | And the number of days that David was king over the house of Judah in Hebron was seven years and six months. | |
| 2 Sam 2:12 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר וְעַבְדֵ֖י אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֣שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁא֑וּל מִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם גִּבְעֽוֹנָה׃ | And Abner the son of Ner went out, as did the servants of Ish-Bosheth, Saul's son, from Mahanaim to Gibeon. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 2 Sam 2:13 | וְיוֹאָ֨ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֜ה וְעַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ יָֽצְא֔וּ וַֽיִּפְגְּשׁ֛וּם עַל־בְּרֵכַ֥ת גִּבְע֖וֹן יַחְדָּ֑ו וַיֵּ֨שְׁב֜וּ אֵ֤לֶּה עַל־הַבְּרֵכָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥לֶּה עַל־הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה מִזֶּֽה׃ | And Joab the son of Zeruiah and David's servants went out, and they met them at the pool of Gibeon so that they were all together, and they sat with one group on one side of the pool and one group on the other side of the pool. |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
with one group ... and one group ← these ... and these. |
| 2 Sam 2:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְנֵר֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב יָק֤וּמוּ נָא֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וִֽישַׂחֲק֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יוֹאָ֖ב יָקֻֽמוּ׃ | And Abner said to Joab, “Let the lads get up and make sport for us.” And Joab said, “Let them get up.” |
make sport: or play. But it is like twelve duels to the death.
for ← before. |
| 2 Sam 2:15 | וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ וַיַּעַבְר֣וּ בְמִסְפָּ֑ר שְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֗ן וּלְאִ֥ישׁ בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל וּשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר מֵעַבְדֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | So the twelve in number of Benjamin and Ish-Bosheth, Saul's son, arose and crossed over, as did twelve of David's servants. | |
| 2 Sam 2:16 | וַֽיַּחֲזִ֜קוּ אִ֣ישׁ ׀ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ רֵעֵ֗הוּ וְחַרְבּוֹ֙ בְּצַ֣ד רֵעֵ֔הוּ וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו וַיִּקְרָא֙ לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא חֶלְקַ֥ת הַצֻּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃ | And each took hold of his neighbour's head and thrust his sword into his neighbour's side, and they fell down together, and that place is called Helkath-Hazzurim, which is in Gibeon. |
is called ← one calls. Avoidance of the passive.
Helkath-Hazzurim: i.e. plot of land of the sword-edges. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 2 Sam 2:17 | וַתְּהִ֧י הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה קָשָׁ֥ה עַד־מְאֹ֖ד בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיִּנָּ֤גֶף אַבְנֵר֙ וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | And the war was very severe on that day, and Abner was defeated, as were the men of Israel, by David's servants. | by ← before. |
| 2 Sam 2:18 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָׁ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה יוֹאָ֥ב וַאֲבִישַׁ֖י וַעֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַעֲשָׂהאֵל֙ קַ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֔יו כְּאַחַ֥ד הַצְּבָיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And the three sons of Zeruiah were there, Joab and Abishai and Asahel. Now Asahel was swift-footed like one of the gazelles in the field. |
|| 1 Chr 2:16.
swift-footed ← light in his feet. |
| 2 Sam 2:19 | וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף עֲשָׂהאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְלֹֽא־נָטָ֣ה לָלֶ֗כֶת עַל־הַיָּמִין֙ וְעַֽל־הַשְּׂמֹ֔אול מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י אַבְנֵֽר׃ | And Asahel pursued Abner, and he did not turn aside to go to the right or to the left in going after Abner. | |
| 2 Sam 2:20 | וַיִּ֤פֶן אַבְנֵר֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹֽכִי׃ | Then Abner turned round, and he said, “Is that you, Asahel?” And he said, “I am.” |
round ← behind him.
that ← this. |
| 2 Sam 2:21 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אַבְנֵ֗ר נְטֵ֤ה לְךָ֙ עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֙ א֣וֹ עַל־שְׂמֹאלֶ֔ךָ וֶאֱחֹ֣ז לְךָ֗ אֶחָד֙ מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְקַח־לְךָ֖ אֶת־חֲלִצָת֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֣ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל לָס֖וּר מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And Abner said to him, “Turn aside to your right or to your left, and take hold of one of the lads and take his spoil.” But Asahel was not willing to deviate from going after him. | take hold ... take ← take hold for yourself ... take for yourself. |
| 2 Sam 2:22 | וַיֹּ֧סֶף ע֣וֹד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵאמֹר֙ אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְךָ֖ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י לָ֤מָּה אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְאֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔י אֶל־יוֹאָ֖ב אָחִֽיךָ׃ | And Abner went on to say to Asahel, “Give up coming after me. Why should I strike you to the ground, and how would I face Joab your brother?” |
went on to say ← added to say further.
give up ← depart from for yourself. I face ← I lift my face to. |
| 2 Sam 2:23 | וַיְמָאֵ֣ן לָס֗וּר וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ אַבְנֵר֩ בְּאַחֲרֵ֨י הַחֲנִ֜ית אֶל־הַחֹ֗מֶשׁ וַתֵּצֵ֤א הַֽחֲנִית֙ מֵאַחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּפָּל־שָׁ֖ם וַיָּ֣מָת *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨פַל שָׁ֧ם עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וַיָּמֹ֖ת וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ | But he refused to give up, and Abner struck him with a backward-pointing spear in the abdomen, and the spear came out behind him, and he fell there and died on the spot. And it came to pass that everyone who came to the place where Asahel fell and died stood still. |
on the spot ← under him. The ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
give up ← depart. a backward-pointing spear in the abdomen ← the aft-spear in the abdomen. AV differs somewhat (the hinder end of the spear ... under the fifth rib). |
| 2 Sam 2:24 | וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֛וּ יוֹאָ֥ב וַאֲבִישַׁ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ בָּ֔אָה וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ עַד־גִּבְעַ֣ת אַמָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵי־גִ֔יחַ דֶּ֖רֶךְ מִדְבַּ֥ר גִּבְעֽוֹן׃ | And Joab and Abishai pursued Abner, and the sun was setting when they came to the hill of Ammah which faces Giah on the way to the Desert of Gibeon. |
which faces ← at the face of.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 2 Sam 2:25 | וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיִּהְי֖וּ לַאֲגֻדָּ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ עַ֥ל רֹאשׁ־גִּבְעָ֖ה אֶחָֽת׃ | And the Benjaminites assembled themselves behind Abner and became one battalion, and they stood on the top of a certain hill. |
Benjaminites ← sons of Benjamin.
a certain ← one. |
| 2 Sam 2:26 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְנֵ֜ר אֶל־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲלָנֶ֙צַח֙ תֹּ֣אכַל חֶ֔רֶב הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתָּה כִּֽי־מָרָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָ֑ה וְעַד־מָתַי֙ לֹֽא־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Abner called to Joab and said, “Will the sword devour forever? Do you not know that it will be bitter in the end? So how much longer will you not tell the people to stop going after their brothers?” |
in the end ← at the last.
stop ← return from. |
| 2 Sam 2:27 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֔ב חַ֚י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֥י לוּלֵ֖א דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ כִּ֣י אָ֤ז מֵֽהַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ נַעֲלָ֣ה הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י אָחִֽיו׃ | And Joab said, “As God lives, if you had not spoken, then the people would have been led up from this morning onwards, each one pursuing his brother.” |
if ← because if.
pursuing ← after. |
| 2 Sam 2:28 | וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִרְדְּפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יָסְפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד לְהִלָּחֵֽם׃ | Then Joab sounded the ramshorn, and all the people stood still, and they didn't pursue Israel any longer, and they didn't continue fighting any longer. | continue fighting ← add to fight. |
| 2 Sam 2:29 | וְאַבְנֵ֣ר וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֗יו הָֽלְכוּ֙ בָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל הַלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ כָּל־הַבִּתְר֔וֹן וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ מַחֲנָֽיִם׃ | Then Abner and his men walked through the arid tract all that night, and they crossed the Jordan, and they walked through all of Bithron, and they arrived in Mahanaim. | Bithron ← the Bithron. |
| 2 Sam 2:30 | וְיוֹאָ֗ב שָׁ֚ב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיִּקְבֹּ֖ץ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֑ם וַיִּפָּ֨קְד֜וּ מֵעַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד תִּשְׁעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ וַעֲשָׂה־אֵֽל׃ | And Joab returned from going after Abner, and he assembled all the people. Now nineteen men of David's servants were missing, as was Asahel. | returned from: or stopped, as we have in 2 Sam 2:16. |
| 2 Sam 2:31 | וְעַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד הִכּוּ֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן וּבְאַנְשֵׁ֖י אַבְנֵ֑ר שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֧וֹת וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אִ֖ישׁ מֵֽתוּ׃ | But David's servants had struck the Benjaminites and Abner's men, and three hundred and sixty men had died. | |
| 2 Sam 2:32 | וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֙הוּ֙ בְּקֶ֣בֶר אָבִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל־הַלַּ֗יְלָה יוֹאָב֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַיֵּאֹ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And they carried Asahel away and buried him in his father's sepulchre, which is in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men walked all night, then dawn broke on them in Hebron. |
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19.
dawn broke ← it became bright. |
| 2 Sam 3:1 | וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ אֲרֻכָּ֔ה בֵּ֚ין בֵּ֣ית שָׁא֔וּל וּבֵ֖ין בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וְדָוִד֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ וְחָזֵ֔ק וּבֵ֥ית שָׁא֖וּל הֹלְכִ֥ים וְדַלִּֽים׃ ס | And the war between the house of Saul and the house of David was long, but David became stronger and stronger, whereas Saul's house became weaker and weaker. | |
| 2 Sam 3:2 | *וילדו **וַיִּוָּלְד֧וּ לְדָוִ֛ד בָּנִ֖ים בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיְהִ֤י בְכוֹרוֹ֙ אַמְנ֔וֹן לַאֲחִינֹ֖עַם הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽת׃ | And various sons were born to David in Hebron, and his eldest was Amnon, by Ahinoam the Jezreelitess. |
were born: we take the ketiv as pual, as in 2 Sam 3:5, so having the same meaning as the qeré (which is niphal).
|| 1 Chr 3:1. Jezreelitess: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Sam 3:3 | וּמִשְׁנֵ֣הוּ כִלְאָ֔ב *לאביגל **לַאֲֽבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֣ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִ֑י וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָ֔ה בַּת־תַּלְמַ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ גְּשֽׁוּר׃ | And his second eldest was Chilab, by {Q: Abigail} [K: Abigel] the former wife of Nabal the Carmelite. And the third was Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur. |
|| 1 Chr 3:1, 1 Chr 3:2.
Chilab: AV= Chileab. We take the first syllable as closed. See Gen 31:21. Absalom ← Abshalom, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Maachah: AV= Maacah here. See Gen 22:24. |
| 2 Sam 3:4 | וְהָרְבִיעִ֖י אֲדֹנִיָּ֣ה בֶן־חַגִּ֑ית וְהַחֲמִישִׁ֖י שְׁפַטְיָ֥ה בֶן־אֲבִיטָֽל׃ | And the fourth was Adonijah the son of Haggith, and the fifth was Shephatiah the son of Abital. | || 1 Chr 3:2, 1 Chr 3:3. |
| 2 Sam 3:5 | וְהַשִּׁשִּׁ֣י יִתְרְעָ֔ם לְעֶגְלָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד אֵ֛לֶּה יֻלְּד֥וּ לְדָוִ֖ד בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And the sixth was Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron. | || 1 Chr 3:3. |
| 2 Sam 3:6 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְיוֹת֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין בֵּ֣ית שָׁא֔וּל וּבֵ֖ין בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וְאַבְנֵ֛ר הָיָ֥ה מִתְחַזֵּ֖ק בְּבֵ֥ית שָׁאֽוּל׃ | Then it came to pass, while the war was going on being between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner was becoming stronger in the house of Saul. |
going on ← being ← to be.
was becoming stronger: or was strengthening himself. |
| 2 Sam 3:7 | וּלְשָׁא֣וּל פִּלֶ֔גֶשׁ וּשְׁמָ֖הּ רִצְפָּ֣ה בַת־אַיָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אַבְנֵ֔ר מַדּ֥וּעַ בָּ֖אתָה אֶל־פִּילֶ֥גֶשׁ אָבִֽי׃ | Now Saul had had a concubine, and her name was Rizpah the daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why have you gone in to my father's concubine?” | |
| 2 Sam 3:8 | וַיִּחַר֩ לְאַבְנֵ֨ר מְאֹ֜ד עַל־דִּבְרֵ֣י אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲרֹ֨אשׁ כֶּ֥לֶב אָנֹ֘כִי֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָה֒ הַיּ֨וֹם אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֜סֶד עִם־בֵּ֣ית ׀ שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֗יךָ אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ וְאֶל־מֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹ֥א הִמְצִיתִ֖ךָ בְּיַד־דָּוִ֑ד וַתִּפְקֹ֥ד עָלַ֛י עֲוֺ֥ן הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And Abner became very angry about Ish-Bosheth's words, and he said, “Am I a dog's head, who is for Judah? Today I will show kindness to the house of Saul your father, towards his brothers and towards his friends, and I won't deliver you up into the hand of David, although you have charged me with an iniquity against the woman today. |
friends ← friend. Perhaps a collective word.
although: concessive use of the vav. against ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Sam 3:9 | כֹּֽה־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְאַבְנֵ֔ר וְכֹ֖ה יֹסִ֣יף ל֑וֹ כִּ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לְדָוִ֔ד כִּֽי־כֵ֖ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּֽוֹ׃ | May God so do to Abner if I am guilty, and may he so add to him, for as the Lord has sworn to David, so I will do for him, | may God so do: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35, here only containing the apodosis of the condition. |
| 2 Sam 3:10 | לְהַֽעֲבִ֥יר הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה מִבֵּ֣ית שָׁא֑וּל וּלְהָקִ֞ים אֶת־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֗ד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדָּ֖ן וְעַד־בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | in transferring the kingdom from the house of Saul and in setting up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan's territory up to Beersheba.” | in transferring ... in setting up: gerundial uses of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 3:11 | וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֣ל ע֔וֹד לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־אַבְנֵ֖ר דָּבָ֑ר מִיִּרְאָת֖וֹ אֹתֽוֹ׃ ס | And he could not answer Abner a word any more, for fear of him. | fear ← his fear, a subjective genitive, with the objective pronoun following. |
| 2 Sam 3:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ אַבְנֵ֨ר מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ אֶל־דָּוִ֛ד *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֥יו לֵאמֹ֖ר לְמִי־אָ֑רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר כָּרְתָ֤ה בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ אִתִּ֔י וְהִנֵּה֙ יָדִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ לְהָסֵ֥ב אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf to say, “Whose is the land?” and to say, “Make your covenant with me, and you will see that my hand is with you, to round up the whole of Israel to you.” |
on his behalf: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
you will see that ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 3:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ט֔וֹב אֲנִ֕י אֶכְרֹ֥ת אִתְּךָ֖ בְּרִ֑ית אַ֣ךְ דָּבָ֣ר אֶחָ֡ד אָנֹכִי֩ שֹׁאֵ֨ל מֵאִתְּךָ֤ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹא־תִרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־פָּנַ֔י כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־לִפְנֵ֣י הֱבִיאֲךָ֗ אֵ֚ת מִיכַ֣ל בַּת־שָׁא֔וּל בְּבֹאֲךָ֖ לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־פָּנָֽי׃ ס | And David said, “Good, I will make a covenant with you, but I will ask one thing of you, namely, ‘You shall not see my face unless and until you bring Michal, Saul's daughter, when you come to see my face.’ ” | namely ← to say. |
| 2 Sam 3:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹ֑ר תְּנָ֤ה אֶת־אִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־מִיכַ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ אֵרַ֣שְׂתִּי לִ֔י בְּמֵאָ֖ה עָרְל֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | So David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth, Saul's son, to say, “Give me my wife Michal whom I betrothed to myself for one hundred foreskins of the Philistines.” | |
| 2 Sam 3:15 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אִ֣ישׁ בֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּקָּחֶ֖הָ מֵ֣עִֽם אִ֑ישׁ מֵעִ֖ם פַּלְטִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־*לוש **לָֽיִשׁ׃ | And Ish-Bosheth sent men, and he had her taken from her husband Paltiel the son of {Q: Laish} [K: Lavish]. |
had her taken: qal for passive of hiphil, though hiphil of this verb not attested.
Paltiel: AV= Phaltiel. See 1 Sam 25:44. |
| 2 Sam 3:16 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִתָּ֜הּ אִישָׁ֗הּ הָל֧וֹךְ וּבָכֹ֛ה אַחֲרֶ֖יהָ עַד־בַּֽחֻרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֥יו אַבְנֵ֛ר לֵ֥ךְ שׁ֖וּב וַיָּשֹֽׁב׃ | And her husband went with her, weeping as he went, following her to Bahurim. But Abner said to him, “Depart; go back.” So he went back. | |
| 2 Sam 3:17 | וּדְבַר־אַבְנֵ֣ר הָיָ֔ה עִם־זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר גַּם־תְּמוֹל֙ גַּם־שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם הֱיִיתֶ֞ם מְבַקְשִׁ֧ים אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And Abner's position was under consideration with the elders of Israel as he had said, “In times past you were requesting David as king over you. |
position ← thing, word.
in times past ← both yesterday and the day before yesterday. |
| 2 Sam 3:18 | וְעַתָּ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אָמַ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּיַ֣ד ׀ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֗י הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | So now, act, for the Lord has spoken to David and said, ‘By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’ ” | I will save ← to save. |
| 2 Sam 3:19 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר גַּם־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּאָזְנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ין וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ גַּם־אַבְנֵ֗ר לְדַבֵּ֞ר בְּאָזְנֵ֤י דָוִד֙ בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן אֵ֤ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־טוֹב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־בֵּ֥ית בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | And Abner also spoke privately to the tribe of Benjamin, and Abner also went to speak privately to David in Hebron everything that was right in the sight of Israel and in the sight of the whole house of Benjamin. |
spoke privately to ... speak privately to ← spoke in the ears of ... speak in the ears of.
right ← good. |
| 2 Sam 3:20 | וַיָּבֹ֨א אַבְנֵ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ חֶבְר֔וֹן וְאִתּ֖וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֨עַשׂ דָּוִ֧ד לְאַבְנֵ֛ר וְלַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ מִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | So Abner came to David in Hebron, and twenty men were with him, and David held a feast for Abner and for the men who were with him. | held ← made. |
| 2 Sam 3:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֣ר אֶל־דָּוִ֡ד אָק֣וּמָה ׀ וְֽאֵלֵ֡כָה וְאֶקְבְּצָה֩ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְיִכְרְת֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּרִ֔ית וּמָ֣לַכְתָּ֔ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּ֖ה נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיְּשַׁלַּ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־אַבְנֵ֖ר וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And Abner said to David, “Let me get up and go and gather the whole of Israel to my lord the king, and they will make a covenant with you, and you will reign over everyone your heart desires.” And David let Abner go, and he went in peace. | heart ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 3:22 | וְהִנֵּה֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֤ד וְיוֹאָב֙ בָּ֣א מֵֽהַגְּד֔וּד וְשָׁלָ֥ל רָ֖ב עִמָּ֣ם הֵבִ֑יאוּ וְאַבְנֵ֗ר אֵינֶ֤נּוּ עִם־דָּוִד֙ בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן כִּ֥י שִׁלְּח֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then along came the servants of David and Joab from the troop, and they brought much spoil with them, and Abner was not with David in Hebron, for he had let him go, and he had gone in peace. | along came ← behold ... he came. |
| 2 Sam 3:23 | וְיוֹאָ֛ב וְכָל־הַצָּבָ֥א אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ בָּ֑אוּ וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְיוֹאָב֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֖הוּ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then when Joab and the whole army which was with him had arrived, they spoke to Joab and said, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he let him go, and he went in peace.” | |
| 2 Sam 3:24 | וַיָּבֹ֤א יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָה הִנֵּה־בָ֤א אַבְנֵר֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה שִׁלַּחְתּ֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָלֽוֹךְ׃ | Then Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why is it that you have let him go, and he has simply gone? | he has simply gone: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 3:25 | יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר כִּ֥י לְפַתֹּתְךָ֖ בָּ֑א וְלָדַ֜עַת אֶת־מוֹצָֽאֲךָ֙ וְאֶת־*מבואך **מ֣וֹבָאֶ֔ךָ וְלָדַ֕עַת אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | You know Abner the son of Ner – that he came to deceive you and to get to know your comings and goings and to get to know everything you are doing.” |
comings: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
your comings and goings ← your going out and your coming in. |
| 2 Sam 3:26 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א יוֹאָב֙ מֵעִ֣ם דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיָּשִׁ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ מִבּ֣וֹר הַסִּרָ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד לֹ֥א יָדָֽע׃ | And Joab left David's company, and he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern of Sirah, without David knowing. |
left David's company ← went out from with David.
Sirah ← the Sirah. without David knowing ← and David did not know. |
| 2 Sam 3:27 | וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְנֵר֙ חֶבְר֔וֹן וַיַּטֵּ֤הוּ יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַשַּׁ֔עַר לְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּשֶּׁ֑לִי וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ הַחֹ֔מֶשׁ וַיָּ֕מָת בְּדַ֖ם עֲשָׂה־אֵ֥ל אָחִֽיו׃ | So Abner returned to Hebron, and Joab took him aside inside the gate to speak to him quietly, and he struck him there in the abdomen, and he died for the blood of Asahel Joab's brother. | Joab's brother ← his brother. |
| 2 Sam 3:28 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע דָּוִד֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָקִ֨י אָנֹכִ֧י וּמַמְלַכְתִּ֛י מֵעִ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם מִדְּמֵ֖י אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃ | And afterwards, David heard about it, and he said, “I and my kingdom are age-abidingly innocent before the Lord of the blood of Abner the son of Ner. | blood ← bloods. |
| 2 Sam 3:29 | יָחֻ֙לוּ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יו וְֽאַל־יִכָּרֵ֣ת מִבֵּ֣ית יוֹאָ֡ב זָ֠ב וּמְצֹרָ֞ע וּמַחֲזִ֥יק בַּפֶּ֛לֶךְ וְנֹפֵ֥ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב וַחֲסַר־לָֽחֶם׃ | May it fall on Joab's head and on all his father's house, and may there not fail to be one with a pathological discharge, or a leper, or one holding a staff, or falling by the sword, or lacking bread in the house of Joab.” |
it fall ← they fall, from bloods in the previous verse.
in the house ← from the house. |
| 2 Sam 3:30 | וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו הָרְג֖וּ לְאַבְנֵ֑ר עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵמִ֜ית אֶת־עֲשָׂהאֵ֧ל אֲחִיהֶ֛ם בְּגִבְע֖וֹן בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had killed Asahel their brother in Gibeon in the war. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 2 Sam 3:31 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יוֹאָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃ | And David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your clothes and gird on sackcloth, and mourn for Abner.” And King David walked behind the funeral bier. | for ← before. |
| 2 Sam 3:32 | וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיִשָּׂ֧א הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֶת־קוֹל֗וֹ וַיֵּבְךְּ֙ אֶל־קֶ֣בֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיִּבְכּ֖וּ כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ פ | And they buried Abner in Hebron, and the king raised his voice and wept at Abner's grave, and all the people wept. | |
| 2 Sam 3:33 | וַיְקֹנֵ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְנֵ֖ר וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַכְּמ֥וֹת נָבָ֖ל יָמ֥וּת אַבְנֵֽר׃ |
So the king lamented over Abner, and he said,
“Did Abner die as a fool dies? |
a fool: or Nabal, 1 Sam 25:3, 1 Sam 25:25. |
| 2 Sam 3:34 | יָדֶ֣ךָ לֹֽא־אֲסֻר֗וֹת וְרַגְלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּ֣יִם הֻגָּ֔שׁוּ כִּנְפ֛וֹל לִפְנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַוְלָ֖ה נָפָ֑לְתָּ וַיֹּסִ֥פוּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם לִבְכּ֥וֹת עָלָֽיו׃ |
Your hands were not bound, And your feet were not fettered. You fell as one falls before the iniquitous.” And all the people wept for him again. |
fettered ← made to approach fetters.
iniquitous ← sons of iniquity. |
| 2 Sam 3:35 | וַיָּבֹ֣א כָל־הָעָ֗ם לְהַבְר֧וֹת אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לֶ֖חֶם בְּע֣וֹד הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע דָּוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י אִם־לִפְנֵ֧י בֽוֹא־הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֶטְעַם־לֶ֖חֶם א֥וֹ כָל־מְאֽוּמָה׃ | And all the people came to give David bread while it was still day, but David swore and said, “May God so do to me and more besides if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets.” |
give ← feed.
more besides ← thus add. This verse and 1 Sam 3:17 contain the oath formula for strong denial in full (often abbreviated to simply if I do ... with no apodosis). The “so do” may refer to cutting in pieces, Gen 15:10. anything ← everything. |
| 2 Sam 3:36 | וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הִכִּ֔ירוּ וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם טֽוֹב׃ | And all the people showed respect, and it was right in their eyes. Everything that the king did was right in the eyes of all the people. | right ... right ← good ... good. |
| 2 Sam 3:37 | וַיֵּדְע֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א הָיְתָה֙ מֵֽהַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃ פ | And all the people and all Israel knew on that day that it was not an initiative from the king to kill Abner the son of Ner. | |
| 2 Sam 3:38 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֑יו הֲל֣וֹא תֵדְע֔וּ כִּי־שַׂ֣ר וְגָד֗וֹל נָפַ֛ל הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a commander and a great man has fallen on this day in Israel? | |
| 2 Sam 3:39 | וְאָנֹכִ֨י הַיּ֥וֹם רַךְ֙ וּמָשׁ֣וּחַ מֶ֔לֶךְ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י צְרוּיָ֖ה קָשִׁ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נִּי יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה לְעֹשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה כְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ פ | And I am faint today, although anointed king, and these men – the sons of Zeruiah – are too harsh for me. May the Lord requite him who commits wickedness according to his wickedness.” |
although: concessive use of the vav.
too harsh for me: or harsher than me / I. |
| 2 Sam 4:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע בֶּן־שָׁא֗וּל כִּ֣י מֵ֤ת אַבְנֵר֙ בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן וַיִּרְפּ֖וּ יָדָ֑יו וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִבְהָֽלוּ׃ | When Saul's son heard that Abner had died in Hebron, his hands sank, and all Israel was agitated. | Saul's son: i.e. Ish-Bosheth. |
| 2 Sam 4:2 | וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֣ים שָׂרֵֽי־גְדוּדִ֣ים הָי֪וּ בֶן־שָׁא֟וּל שֵׁם֩ הָאֶחָ֨ד בַּֽעֲנָ֜ה וְשֵׁ֧ם הַשֵּׁנִ֣י רֵכָ֗ב בְּנֵ֛י רִמּ֥וֹן הַבְּאֶֽרֹתִ֖י מִבְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּ֚י גַּם־בְּאֵר֔וֹת תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב עַל־בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | Now Saul's son had two men who were commanders of troops. The name of one was Baanah and the name of the other was Rechab – the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, of the sons of Benjamin, for Beeroth was also reckoned to Benjamin. | the other ← the second. |
| 2 Sam 4:3 | וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים גִּתָּ֑יְמָה וַֽיִּהְיוּ־שָׁ֣ם גָּרִ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and dwelt there, as they are up to this day. | |
| 2 Sam 4:4 | וְלִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל בֵּ֖ן נְכֵ֣ה רַגְלָ֑יִם בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֣ים הָיָ֡ה בְּבֹ֣א שְׁמֻעַת֩ שָׁא֨וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֗אל וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֤הוּ אֹֽמַנְתּוֹ֙ וַתָּנֹ֔ס וַיְהִ֞י בְּחָפְזָ֥הּ לָנ֛וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל וַיִּפָּסֵ֖חַ וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son who was lame in his legs. He was five years old when the report of Saul and Jonathan came from Jezreel, and his foster mother took him away and fled, and it came to pass in her haste to flee that he fell and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. |
lame in ← lame of.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Sam 4:5 | וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ בְּנֵֽי־רִמּ֤וֹן הַבְּאֵֽרֹתִי֙ רֵכָ֣ב וּבַעֲנָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ כְּחֹ֣ם הַיּ֔וֹם אֶל־בֵּ֖ית אִ֣ישׁ בֹּ֑שֶׁת וְה֣וּא שֹׁכֵ֔ב אֵ֖ת מִשְׁכַּ֥ב הַֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ | And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite – Rechab and Baanah – departed, and they arrived as the day was becoming hot, at the house of Ish-Bosheth, and he was lying on a bed at midday. | on a bed ← with a bed. |
| 2 Sam 4:6 | וְ֠הֵנָּה בָּ֜אוּ עַד־תּ֤וֹךְ הַבַּ֙יִת֙ לֹקְחֵ֣י חִטִּ֔ים וַיַּכֻּ֖הוּ אֶל־הַחֹ֑מֶשׁ וְרֵכָ֛ב וּבַעֲנָ֥ה אָחִ֖יו נִמְלָֽטוּ׃ | And they went into the house as if they were customers for wheat, and they struck him in the abdomen, and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped. | customers for ← takers of. |
| 2 Sam 4:7 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הַבַּ֗יִת וְהֽוּא־שֹׁכֵ֤ב עַל־מִטָּתוֹ֙ בַּחֲדַ֣ר מִשְׁכָּב֔וֹ וַיַּכֻּ֙הוּ֙ וַיְמִתֻ֔הוּ וַיָּסִ֖ירוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיֵּֽלְכ֛וּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | For they went into the house while he was lying on his bed in his bedroom, and they struck him and killed him, and they removed his head, and they took his head and departed through the arid tract all night. |
while ← and. Temporal use of the vav.
through: or (by) the road of. |
| 2 Sam 4:8 | וַ֠יָּבִאוּ אֶת־רֹ֨אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת אֶל־דָּוִד֮ חֶבְרוֹן֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּֽה־רֹ֣אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֹֽיִבְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן יְ֠הוָה לַֽאדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְקָמוֹת֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מִשָּׁא֖וּל וּמִזַּרְעֽוֹ׃ ס | And they brought Ish-Bosheth's head to David in Hebron, and they said to the king, “Here is the head of Ish-Bosheth, the son of Saul your enemy who sought your life, and the Lord avenged my lord the king on this day on Saul and his seed.” |
here is ← behold.
son: standing for grandson. life ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 4:9 | וַיַּ֨עַן דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־רֵכָ֣ב ׀ וְאֶת־בַּעֲנָ֣ה אָחִ֗יו בְּנֵ֛י רִמּ֥וֹן הַבְּאֵֽרֹתִ֖י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֑ם חַי־יְהוָ֕ה אֲשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִכָּל־צָרָֽה׃ | But David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and he said to them, “As the Lord lives, who redeemed my life from all adversity, | life ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 4:10 | כִּ֣י הַמַּגִּיד֩ לִ֨י לֵאמֹ֜ר הִנֵּה־מֵ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְהֽוּא־הָיָ֤ה כִמְבַשֵּׂר֙ בְּעֵינָ֔יו וָאֹחֲזָ֣ה ב֔וֹ וָאֶהְרְגֵ֖הוּ בְּצִֽקְלָ֑ג אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְתִתִּי־ל֖וֹ בְּשֹׂרָֽה׃ | when the one reporting to me said, ‘Look, Saul is dead’ – when he was bringing good news in his eyes – I seized him and killed him in Ziklag, which was me giving him good news. | which was me giving him good news: either ironic, i.e. bad news, or translate who came for me to give him good news, i.e. a reward. |
| 2 Sam 4:11 | אַ֞ף כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רְשָׁעִ֗ים הָרְג֧וּ אֶת־אִישׁ־צַדִּ֛יק בְּבֵית֖וֹ עַל־מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲל֨וֹא אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | How much more is it like that when wicked men have killed a righteous man in his house on his bed? So now, should I not require his blood from yourselves and eradicate you from the land?” |
yourselves ← your hand.
eradicate ← consume. |
| 2 Sam 4:12 | וַיְצַו֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיַּהַרְג֗וּם וַֽיְקַצְּצ֤וּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְל֥וּ עַל־הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וְאֵ֨ת רֹ֤אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ בְקֶֽבֶר־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ | Then David commanded his servant-lads, and they killed them, and they cut off their hands and feet, and they hanged them over the pool in Hebron, and they took Ish-Bosheth's head and buried it in Abner's sepulchre in Hebron. | |
| 2 Sam 5:1 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד חֶבְר֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנְנ֛וּ עַצְמְךָ֥ וּֽבְשָׂרְךָ֖ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | And all of the tribes of Israel came to David, in Hebron, and they spoke and said, “Here we are; we are your bone and your flesh. |
|| 1 Chr 11:1.
in Hebron ← to Hebron. here we are ← behold us. your bone and your flesh: the English idiom is your flesh and blood. |
| 2 Sam 5:2 | גַּם־אֶתְמ֣וֹל גַּם־שִׁלְשׁ֗וֹם בִּהְי֨וֹת שָׁא֥וּל מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אַתָּ֗ה *הייתה **הָיִ֛יתָ *מוציא **הַמּוֹצִ֥יא *והמבי **וְהַמֵּבִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לְךָ֗ אַתָּ֨ה תִרְעֶ֤ה אֶת־עַמִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאַתָּ֛ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְנָגִ֖יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Throughout the past when Saul was king over us, it was you {K: who brought} [Q: who brought] Israel out and led it in. And the Lord said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will be a leader over Israel.’ ” |
it was you: the ketiv could be regarded as a variant spelling of the qeré.
led it in: the ketiv, omitting an aleph, could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. Compare 2 Ki 13:6 (החטי for הֶחֱטִיא). || 1 Chr 11:2. throughout the past ← both from yesterday and from the day before yesterday. |
| 2 Sam 5:3 | וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ כָּל־זִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ חֶבְר֔וֹנָה וַיִּכְרֹ֣ת לָהֶם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ דָּוִ֥ד בְּרִ֛ית בְּחֶבְר֖וֹן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּמְשְׁח֧וּ אֶת־דָּוִ֛ד לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And all the elders of Israel came to the king in Hebron, and King David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord, and they anointed David as king over Israel. |
|| 1 Chr 11:3.
in Hebron ← to Hebron. with them ← for them. |
| 2 Sam 5:4 | בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה דָּוִ֖ד בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה מָלָֽךְ׃ | David was thirty years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for forty years. | || 1 Ki 2:11, 1 Chr 29:26, 1 Chr 29:27. |
| 2 Sam 5:5 | בְּחֶבְרוֹן֙ מָלַ֣ךְ עַל־יְהוּדָ֔ה שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם מָלַ֗ךְ שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְשָׁלֹשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | In Hebron he reigned over Judah for seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned for thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah. | || 1 Ki 2:11, 1 Chr 29:27. |
| 2 Sam 5:6 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֶל־הַיְבֻסִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לְדָוִ֤ד לֵאמֹר֙ לֹא־תָב֣וֹא הֵ֔נָּה כִּ֣י אִם־הֱסִֽירְךָ֗ הַעִוְרִ֤ים וְהַפִּסְחִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא דָוִ֖ד הֵֽנָּה׃ | Then the king and his men went to Jerusalem, to the Jebusites, who were inhabiting the land, and they spoke to David and said, “You shall not come here unless you can remove the blind and the lame”, and they said, “David shall not come here.” | || 1 Chr 11:4, 1 Chr 11:5. |
| 2 Sam 5:7 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֣ד דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת מְצֻדַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הִ֖יא עִ֥יר דָּוִֽד׃ | But David captured the stronghold of Zion, which is the City of David. | || 1 Chr 11:5. |
| 2 Sam 5:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא כָּל־מַכֵּ֤ה יְבֻסִי֙ וְיִגַּ֣ע בַּצִּנּ֔וֹר וְאֶת־הַפִּסְחִים֙ וְאֶת־הַ֣עִוְרִ֔ים *שנאו **שְׂנֻאֵ֖י נֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד עַל־כֵּן֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ עִוֵּ֣ר וּפִסֵּ֔חַ לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא אֶל־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And on that day, David said, “Whoever strikes a Jebusite and gets to the waterfall and strikes the lame and the blind – {K: who hate David's existence} [Q: whom David's being hates] – ...” For this reason they say, “The blind and the lame shall not enter the house.” |
existence (ketiv) ← soul. being (qeré) ← soul. AV differs, reading the qeré. || 1 Chr 11:6. whoever ← everyone (who). The sense seems to be that the Jebusites considered themselves ↴ |
| 2 Sam 5:9 | וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב דָּוִד֙ בַּמְּצֻדָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָא־לָ֖הּ עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּ֤בֶן דָּוִד֙ סָבִ֔יב מִן־הַמִּלּ֖וֹא וָבָֽיְתָה׃ | And David resided in the citadel, and he called it the City of David. And David built around it, from the Millo inwards. |
↳ inaccessible, so that even the lame and blind were part of the taunt.
|| 1 Chr 11:7, 1 Chr 11:8. Millo: root meaning infilling. See [CB] and [Wikipedia]. |
| 2 Sam 5:10 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד הָל֣וֹךְ וְגָד֑וֹל וַיהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י צְבָא֖וֹת עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | And David continued to become greater, and the Lord God of hosts was with him. |
|| 1 Chr 11:9.
continued to become greater: infinitive absolute of to go and to be great. |
| 2 Sam 5:11 | וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח חִירָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צֹ֥ר מַלְאָכִים֮ אֶל־דָּוִד֒ וַעֲצֵ֣י אֲרָזִ֔ים וְחָרָשֵׁ֣י עֵ֔ץ וְחָֽרָשֵׁ֖י אֶ֣בֶן קִ֑יר וַיִּבְנֽוּ־בַ֖יִת לְדָוִֽד׃ | And Hiram king of Tyre sent envoys to David, and cedar wood and carpenters and stonemasons, and they built a house for David. |
|| 1 Chr 14:1.
stonemasons ← artificers of stone of wall. |
| 2 Sam 5:12 | וַיֵּ֣דַע דָּוִ֔ד כִּֽי־הֱכִינ֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכִי֙ נִשֵּׂ֣א מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And David knew that the Lord had established him as king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel. | || 1 Chr 14:2. |
| 2 Sam 5:13 | וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד ע֜וֹד פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י בֹּא֣וֹ מֵחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיִּוָּ֥לְדוּ ע֛וֹד לְדָוִ֖ד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | Then David took some more concubines and wives from Jerusalem, after he had arrived there from Hebron, and more sons and daughters were born to David. | || 1 Chr 14:3. |
| 2 Sam 5:14 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמ֛וֹת הַיִּלֹּדִ֥ים ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם שַׁמּ֣וּעַ וְשׁוֹבָ֔ב וְנָתָ֖ן וּשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And these are the names of those born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua and Shobab and Nathan and Solomon, |
|| 1 Chr 3:5, 1 Chr 14:4.
Solomon ← Shelomoh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The Modern Hebrew pronunciation is Shlomo(h). |
| 2 Sam 5:15 | וְיִבְחָ֥ר וֶאֱלִישׁ֖וּעַ וְנֶ֥פֶג וְיָפִֽיעַ׃ | and Ibhar and Elishua and Nepheg and Japhia, | || 1 Chr 3:6, 1 Chr 3:7, 1 Chr 14:5, 1 Chr 14:6. |
| 2 Sam 5:16 | וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֥ע וְאֶלְיָדָ֖ע וֶאֱלִיפָֽלֶט׃ פ | and Elishama and Eliada and Eliphelet. |
|| 1 Chr 3:8, 1 Chr 14:7.
Eliphelet: AV= Eliphalet, the pausal form, here and 1 Chr 14:7, but elsewhere Eliphelet. See Gen 4:2. |
| 2 Sam 5:17 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּי־מָשְׁח֨וּ אֶת־דָּוִ֤ד לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ כָל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה׃ | And when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David as king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David, but David heard about it, and he went down into the citadel. |
|| 1 Chr 14:8.
to seek: here in a hostile sense, as in 1 Sam 26:2. |
| 2 Sam 5:18 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בָּ֑אוּ וַיִּנָּטְשׁ֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ | And the Philistines came and spread themselves out in the Valley of the Rephaim. |
|| 1 Chr 14:9.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| 2 Sam 5:19 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙ אֶל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הֲתִתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדִ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־דָּוִד֙ עֲלֵ֔ה כִּֽי־נָתֹ֥ן אֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And David asked the Lord and said, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will you deliver them into my hand?” And the Lord said to David, “Go up, for I will certainly deliver the Philistines into your hand.” |
|| 1 Chr 14:10.
I will certainly deliver: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 5:20 | וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֥ד בְּבַֽעַל־פְּרָצִים֮ וַיַּכֵּ֣ם שָׁ֣ם דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר פָּרַ֨ץ יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֹיְבַ֛י לְפָנַ֖י כְּפֶ֣רֶץ מָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָרָ֛א שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בַּ֥עַל פְּרָצִֽים׃ | So David went to Baal-Perazim, and David struck them there, and he said, “The Lord has dispersed my enemies before me, like an outpouring of water”, which is why he called that place Baal-Perazim. |
|| 1 Chr 14:11.
struck: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Sam 5:21 | וַיַּעַזְבוּ־שָׁ֖ם אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׂאֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד וַאֲנָשָֽׁיו׃ פ | And they abandoned their idols there, and David and his men removed them. | || 1 Chr 14:12. |
| 2 Sam 5:22 | וַיֹּסִ֥פוּ ע֛וֹד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לַֽעֲל֑וֹת וַיִּנָּֽטְשׁ֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ | But the Philistines came up yet again, and they spread themselves out in the Valley of the Rephaim. |
|| 1 Chr 14:13.
came up yet again ← added yet to come up. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| 2 Sam 5:23 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א תַעֲלֶ֑ה הָסֵב֙ אֶל־אַ֣חֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וּבָ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם מִמּ֥וּל בְּכָאִֽים׃ | And David inquired of the Lord. And he said, “You shall not go up. Surround them at their rear and advance on them from opposite the balsam trees. |
|| 1 Chr 14:14.
advance on ← come to. |
| 2 Sam 5:24 | וִ֠יהִי *בשמעך **כְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֞ אֶת־ק֧וֹל צְעָדָ֛ה בְּרָאשֵׁ֥י הַבְּכָאִ֖ים אָ֣ז תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אָ֗ז יָצָ֤א יְהוָה֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לְהַכּ֖וֹת בְּמַחֲנֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And it will come to pass, {K: when} [Q: as] you hear the sound of marching in the crowns of the balsam trees, that you will then act decisively, for then the Lord will go out before you to strike the Philistines' camp.” |
|| 1 Chr 14:15.
camp: or battalion. |
| 2 Sam 5:25 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ דָּוִד֙ כֵּ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מִגֶּ֖בַע עַד־בֹּאֲךָ֥ גָֽזֶר׃ פ | And David did this as the Lord had commanded him, and he struck the Philistines from Geba to the approach to Gezer. |
|| 1 Chr 14:16.
this ← thus. the approach to ← at your going. Gezer: AV= Gazer, the pausal form. |
| 2 Sam 6:1 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֥וֹד דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־כָּל־בָּח֥וּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אָֽלֶף׃ | And David again gathered every young man in Israel – thirty thousand of them. |
|| 1 Chr 13:5.
gathered: we, with [AnLx], take the verb as in scriptio defectiva spelling from root אסף. Otherwise, the meaning is added or did again. |
| 2 Sam 6:2 | וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ מִֽבַּעֲלֵ֖י יְהוּדָ֑ה לְהַעֲל֣וֹת מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֣א שֵׁ֗ם שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת יֹשֵׁ֥ב הַכְּרֻבִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃ | And David arose and proceeded, with all the people who were with him from Baale-Judah, to bring the ark of God up from there, where a name – the name of the Lord of hosts who resides between cherubim on it – is called on. |
|| 1 Chr 13:6.
with (first occurrence in verse) ← and. |
| 2 Sam 6:3 | וַיַּרְכִּ֜בוּ אֶת־אֲר֤וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־עֲגָלָ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֔הוּ מִבֵּ֥ית אֲבִינָדָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְעֻזָּ֣א וְאַחְי֗וֹ בְּנֵי֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב נֹהֲגִ֖ים אֶת־הָעֲגָלָ֥ה חֲדָשָֽׁה׃ | And they loaded the ark of God onto a new wagon, and they removed it from Abinadab's house, which was in Gibeah. Now Uzza and Ahio, Abinadab's sons, were driving the new wagon, |
|| 1 Chr 13:7.
loaded ← mounted. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. Uzza: AV= Uzzah. Sometimes MT= Uzzah, and sometimes AV= Uzza. Sometimes AV mismatches; sometimes it is in correspondence. We standardize on Uzza. |
| 2 Sam 6:4 | וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֗הוּ מִבֵּ֤ית אֲבִֽינָדָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּבְעָ֔ה עִ֖ם אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאַחְי֕וֹ הֹלֵ֖ךְ לִפְנֵ֥י הָאָרֽוֹן׃ | and they removed it from Abinadab's house which was in Gibeah, travelling with the ark of God, with Ahio walking in front of the ark. |
it: agreeing with ark, not wagon.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| 2 Sam 6:5 | וְדָוִ֣ד ׀ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מְשַֽׂחֲקִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל עֲצֵ֣י בְרוֹשִׁ֑ים וּבְכִנֹּר֤וֹת וּבִנְבָלִים֙ וּבְתֻפִּ֔ים וּבִמְנַֽעַנְעִ֖ים וּֽבְצֶלְצֶלִֽים׃ | Now David and the whole house of Israel were playing music before the Lord on all kinds of instruments of cypress wood, and on harps and on lutes and with drums and with sistrums and with cymbals, |
|| 1 Chr 13:8.
sistrum: a hand-held shaken instrument. |
| 2 Sam 6:6 | וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־גֹּ֣רֶן נָכ֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח עֻזָּ֜א אֶל־אֲר֤וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ וַיֹּ֣אחֶז בּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י שָׁמְט֖וּ הַבָּקָֽר׃ | when they came to Nachon's threshing floor, and Uzza stretched out his hand to the ark of God, and he held on to it, because the oxen were destabilizing it. |
|| 1 Chr 13:9.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. |
| 2 Sam 6:7 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּעֻזָּ֔ה וַיַּכֵּ֥הוּ שָׁ֛ם הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַל־הַשַּׁ֑ל וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁ֔ם עִ֖ם אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | At this the Lord's anger was kindled against Uzza, and God struck him down there for his nonchalance, and he died there with the ark of God. |
|| 1 Chr 13:10.
at this: wider use of the vav. Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3, but here and occasionally MT= Uzzah. nonchalance: or fault, error [AnLx], [BDB], or hastiness [BDB]. |
| 2 Sam 6:8 | וַיִּ֣חַר לְדָוִ֔ד עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּרַ֧ץ יְהוָ֛ה פֶּ֖רֶץ בְּעֻזָּ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֞א לַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ פֶּ֣רֶץ עֻזָּ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And it grieved David that the Lord had burst out against Uzza, and he called that place Perez-Uzza, as it is up to this day. |
|| 1 Chr 13:11.
grieved: or infuriated. had burst out ← had burst a burst. Uzza ... Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3, but here MT= Uzzah. |
| 2 Sam 6:9 | וַיִּרָ֥א דָוִ֛ד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵ֛יךְ יָב֥וֹא אֵלַ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ | And David feared the Lord on that day, and he said, “How will the ark of the Lord come to me?” | || 1 Chr 13:12. |
| 2 Sam 6:10 | וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֣ה דָוִ֗ד לְהָסִ֥יר אֵלָ֛יו אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָ֖ה עַל־עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּטֵּ֣הוּ דָוִ֔ד בֵּ֥ית עֹבֵֽד־אֱד֖וֹם הַגִּתִּֽי׃ | And David was not willing to have the ark of the Lord brought to him at the City of David, and David had it diverted to the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. | || 1 Chr 13:13. |
| 2 Sam 6:11 | וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ אֲר֨וֹן יְהוָ֜ה בֵּ֣ית עֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֛ם הַגִּתִּ֖י שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־עֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | So the ark of the Lord remained in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite for three months, and the Lord blessed Obed-Edom and all his household. | || 1 Chr 13:14. |
| 2 Sam 6:12 | וַיֻּגַּ֗ד לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִד֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בֵּרַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־בֵּ֨ית עֹבֵ֤ד אֱדֹם֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וַיַּעַל֩ אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים מִבֵּ֨ית עֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֛ם עִ֥יר דָּוִ֖ד בְּשִׂמְחָֽה׃ | And it was reported to King David with the words, “The Lord has blessed the household of Obed-Edom, and everything he has, on account of the ark of God.” So David went and brought the ark of God up from the house of Obed-Edom to the City of David with joy. |
|| 1 Chr 15:25.
with the words ← saying. |
| 2 Sam 6:13 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּ֧י צָעֲד֛וּ נֹשְׂאֵ֥י אֲרוֹן־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֣ה צְעָדִ֑ים וַיִּזְבַּ֥ח שׁ֖וֹר וּמְרִֽיא׃ | And it came to pass, when the bearers of the ark of the Lord had taken six steps, that he sacrificed an ox and a fatted calf. |
|| 1 Chr 15:26.
had taken ← had stepped. an ox: or oxen. |
| 2 Sam 6:14 | וְדָוִ֛ד מְכַרְכֵּ֥ר בְּכָל־עֹ֖ז לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְדָוִ֕ד חָג֖וּר אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ | And David leapt with all his might before the Lord, and David was girded with an ephod of fine linen. | || 1 Chr 15:27. |
| 2 Sam 6:15 | וְדָוִד֙ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מַעֲלִ֖ים אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֑ה בִּתְרוּעָ֖ה וּבְק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃ | So David and the whole house of Israel brought the ark of the Lord up with shouting and with the sound of the ramshorn. | || 1 Chr 15:28. |
| 2 Sam 6:16 | וְהָיָה֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה בָּ֖א עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֨ל בַּת־שָׁא֜וּל נִשְׁקְפָ֣ה ׀ בְּעַ֣ד הַחַלּ֗וֹן וַתֵּ֨רֶא אֶת־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ מְפַזֵּ֤ז וּמְכַרְכֵּר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּ֥בֶז ל֖וֹ בְּלִבָּֽהּ׃ | And as the ark of the Lord was arriving in the City of David, Michal, Saul's daughter, was peering out of the window, and she saw King David leaping and bounding before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart. | || 1 Chr 15:29. |
| 2 Sam 6:17 | וַיָּבִ֜אוּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֗ה וַיַּצִּ֤גוּ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּמְקוֹמ֔וֹ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָאֹ֔הֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָה־ל֖וֹ דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּ֨עַל דָּוִ֥ד עֹל֛וֹת לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וּשְׁלָמִֽים׃ | And they brought the ark of the Lord, and they put it in its place inside the tent which David had pitched for it, and David offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings before the Lord. |
|| 1 Chr 16:1.
offered ← raised, a verb cognate with burnt offering. |
| 2 Sam 6:18 | וַיְכַ֣ל דָּוִ֔ד מֵהַעֲל֥וֹת הָעוֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם בְּשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And when David had finished offering the burnt offering and the peace-offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the Lord of hosts. |
|| 1 Chr 16:2.
burnt offering: as MT. |
| 2 Sam 6:19 | וַיְחַלֵּ֨ק לְכָל־הָעָ֜ם לְכָל־הֲמ֣וֹן יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ לְמֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁה֒ לְאִ֗ישׁ חַלַּ֥ת לֶ֙חֶם֙ אַחַ֔ת וְאֶשְׁפָּ֣ר אֶחָ֔ד וַאֲשִׁישָׁ֖ה אֶחָ֑ת וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And he distributed to all the people and the whole multitude of Israel, to both men and women – to each one – a loaf of bread and a portion of roast beef and raisin cake. Then all the people went home. |
|| 1 Chr 16:3.
a portion of roast beef: the meaning is not certain. We take the etymology as אֵשׁ + פַּר, fire + young bull. raisin cake: AV differs (flagon of wine). all the people went home ← all the people went each to his home. |
| 2 Sam 6:20 | וַיָּ֥שָׁב דָּוִ֖ד לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ וַתֵּצֵ֞א מִיכַ֤ל בַּת־שָׁאוּל֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וַתֹּ֗אמֶר מַה־נִּכְבַּ֨ד הַיּ֜וֹם מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִגְלָ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ לְעֵינֵ֨י אַמְה֣וֹת עֲבָדָ֔יו כְּהִגָּל֥וֹת נִגְל֖וֹת אַחַ֥ד הָרֵקִֽים׃ | Then when David returned to bless his household, Michal, Saul's daughter, came out to meet David, and she said, “How dignified the king of Israel was today, who exposed himself today in the sight of the maidservants of his menservants, like an empty-headed person deliberately exposing himself.” |
|| 1 Chr 16:43.
dignified ← honoured. Ironic. an empty-headed person ← one of the empty (ones). deliberately exposing himself: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 6:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִד֮ אֶל־מִיכַל֒ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּֽחַר־בִּ֤י מֵֽאָבִיךְ֙ וּמִכָּל־בֵּית֔וֹ לְצַוֺּ֨ת אֹתִ֥י נָגִ֛יד עַל־עַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֖י לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And David said to Michal, “I did it before the Lord, who chose me rather than your father and rather than all his house in appointing me a leader over the people of the Lord – over Israel – and I will play before the Lord. | in appointing ← in commanding. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 6:22 | וּנְקַלֹּ֤תִי עוֹד֙ מִזֹּ֔את וְהָיִ֥יתִי שָׁפָ֖ל בְּעֵינָ֑י וְעִם־הָֽאֲמָהוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתְּ עִמָּ֖ם אִכָּבֵֽדָה׃ | And I will be more contemptible than this, and I will be lowly in my own eyes, but with the maidservants with whom you spoke I shall be honoured.” | |
| 2 Sam 6:23 | וּלְמִיכַל֙ בַּת־שָׁא֔וּל לֹֽא־הָ֥יָה לָ֖הּ יָ֑לֶד עַ֖ד י֥וֹם מוֹתָֽהּ׃ פ | And Michal, Saul's daughter, did not have a child up to the day of her death. | |
| 2 Sam 7:1 | וַיְהִ֕י כִּי־יָשַׁ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּבֵית֑וֹ וַיהוָ֛ה הֵנִֽיחַ־ל֥וֹ מִסָּבִ֖יב מִכָּל־אֹיְבָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass when the king was sitting in his house, and the Lord had given him rest on all sides from all his enemies, |
|| 1 Chr 17:1.
on all sides ← from around. |
| 2 Sam 7:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא רְאֵ֣ה נָ֔א אָנֹכִ֥י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּבֵ֣ית אֲרָזִ֑ים וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיְרִיעָֽה׃ | that the king said to Nathan the prophet, “See now, I am sitting in a house of cedars, but the ark of God is residing behind a sheet.” |
|| 1 Chr 17:1.
behind ← inside. a sheet ← the curtain, but we take the reference as to tent fabric. |
| 2 Sam 7:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר נָתָן֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֖ לֵ֣ךְ עֲשֵׂ֑ה כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ ס | And Nathan said to the king, “Whatever is in your heart, go and do, for the Lord is with you.” |
|| 1 Chr 17:2.
whatever ← everything. |
| 2 Sam 7:4 | וַיְהִ֖י בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־נָתָ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass on that night that the word of the Lord came to Nathan and said, |
|| 1 Chr 17:3.
came ← became. |
| 2 Sam 7:5 | לֵ֤ךְ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הַאַתָּ֛ה תִּבְנֶה־לִּ֥י בַ֖יִת לְשִׁבְתִּֽי׃ | “Go and say to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord says: «Will you build me a house for me to dwell in? |
|| 1 Chr 17:4.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Sam 7:6 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ בְּבַ֔יִת לְ֠מִיּוֹם הַעֲלֹתִ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וְעַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וָאֶֽהְיֶה֙ מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְ בְּאֹ֖הֶל וּבְמִשְׁכָּֽן׃ | For I have not dwelt in a house from the day when I brought the sons of Israel up out of Egypt, up to this day, and I have been going about in a tent and in a tabernacle. | || 1 Chr 17:5. |
| 2 Sam 7:7 | בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֮ בְּכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ הֲדָבָ֣ר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי אֶת־אַחַד֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֗יתִי לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־עַמִּ֥י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֛מָּה לֹֽא־בְנִיתֶ֥ם לִ֖י בֵּ֥ית אֲרָזִֽים׃ | Everywhere where I have gone about among all the sons of Israel, have I spoken a word with the one of the tribes of Israel which I commanded to shepherd my people Israel, saying, ‹Why have you not built me a house of cedar?›?» ’ | || 1 Chr 17:6. |
| 2 Sam 7:8 | וְ֠עַתָּה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֞ר לְעַבְדִּ֣י לְדָוִ֗ד כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲנִ֤י לְקַחְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַנָּוֶ֔ה מֵאַחַ֖ר הַצֹּ֑אן לִֽהְי֣וֹת נָגִ֔יד עַל־עַמִּ֖י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So now, this is what you will say to my servant, to David: ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «I took you out of the pasture, from looking after the sheep, to be a leader over my people, over Israel. |
|| 1 Chr 17:7.
this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| 2 Sam 7:9 | וָאֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמְּךָ֗ בְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֔כְתָּ וָאַכְרִ֥תָה אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤תִֽי לְךָ֙ שֵׁ֣ם גָּד֔וֹל כְּשֵׁ֥ם הַגְּדֹלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I was with you everywhere you went, and I cut off all your enemies at your advance, and I made your name great, like the name of the great men who are on the earth. |
|| 1 Chr 17:8.
at your advance ← from before you. made your name great ← made for you a great name. on the earth: or in the land. |
| 2 Sam 7:10 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י מָ֠קוֹם לְעַמִּ֨י לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וּנְטַעְתִּיו֙ וְשָׁכַ֣ן תַּחְתָּ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יִרְגַּ֖ז ע֑וֹד וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֤יפוּ בְנֵֽי־עַוְלָה֙ לְעַנּוֹת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָֽה׃ | And I will appoint a place for my people – for Israel – and I will plant them there, and they will dwell right there, and they will no longer shudder, and the unrighteous will no longer afflict them as at first. |
|| 1 Chr 17:9.
right there ← under it, but also its place. unrighteous ← sons of iniquity. |
| 2 Sam 7:11 | וּלְמִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוִּ֤יתִי שֹֽׁפְטִים֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַהֲנִיחֹ֥תִי לְךָ֖ מִכָּל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְהִגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־בַ֖יִת יַעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֥ יְהוָֽה׃ | And ever since the day when I appointed judges over my people Israel, I have given you rest from all your enemies. And the Lord has told you that the Lord will make a house for you. |
|| 1 Chr 17:10.
a house: i.e. a line of succession [CB]. |
| 2 Sam 7:12 | כִּ֣י ׀ יִמְלְא֣וּ יָמֶ֗יךָ וְשָֽׁכַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַהֲקִימֹתִ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵצֵ֖א מִמֵּעֶ֑יךָ וַהֲכִינֹתִ֖י אֶת־מַמְלַכְתּֽוֹ׃ | When your days are fulfilled, and you lie with your fathers, I will raise up your seed after you, who will come from your loins, and I will establish his kingdom. |
Acts 2:30. Compare also this and the following two verses with John 12:34.
|| 1 Chr 17:11. loins ← bowels. |
| 2 Sam 7:13 | ה֥וּא יִבְנֶה־בַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִ֑י וְכֹנַנְתִּ֛י אֶת־כִּסֵּ֥א מַמְלַכְתּ֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | He will build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom age-abidingly. | || 1 Chr 17:12. |
| 2 Sam 7:14 | אֲנִי֙ אֶהְיֶה־לּ֣וֹ לְאָ֔ב וְה֖וּא יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְבֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣עֲוֺת֔וֹ וְהֹֽכַחְתִּיו֙ בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וּבְנִגְעֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ | I will be a father to him, and he will be a son to me. When he acts iniquitously, I will chasten him with the rod of men and with the beatings of the sons of Adam. |
2 Cor 6:18, Heb 1:5.
|| 1 Chr 17:13. |
| 2 Sam 7:15 | וְחַסְדִּ֖י לֹא־יָס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֲסִרֹ֙תִי֙ מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲסִרֹ֖תִי מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | But my kindness will not depart from him, as when I withdrew it from Saul, whom I removed from you. |
|| 1 Chr 17:13.
from you ← from before you. |
| 2 Sam 7:16 | וְנֶאְמַ֨ן בֵּיתְךָ֧ וּמַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ עַד־עוֹלָ֖ם לְפָנֶ֑יךָ כִּֽסְאֲךָ֔ יִהְיֶ֥ה נָכ֖וֹן עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And your house and your kingdom will be immutable age-abidingly before you. Your throne will be confirmed age-abidingly.» ’ ” | || 1 Chr 17:14. |
| 2 Sam 7:17 | כְּכֹל֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וּכְכֹ֖ל הַחִזָּי֣וֹן הַזֶּ֑ה כֵּ֛ן דִּבֶּ֥ר נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃ ס | According to all these words, and according to all of this vision, so Nathan spoke to David. | || 1 Chr 17:15. |
| 2 Sam 7:18 | וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִ֣י אָנֹכִ֞י אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ וּמִ֣י בֵיתִ֔י כִּ֥י הֲבִיאֹתַ֖נִי עַד־הֲלֹֽם׃ | Then King David came and sat before the Lord and said, “Who am I, my Lord the Lord, and who constitutes my house, that you should have brought me here? |
|| 1 Chr 17:16.
my house: see 2 Sam 7:11. |
| 2 Sam 7:19 | וַתִּקְטַן֩ ע֨וֹד זֹ֤את בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וַתְּדַבֵּ֛ר גַּ֥ם אֶל־בֵּֽית־עַבְדְּךָ֖ לְמֵֽרָח֑וֹק וְזֹ֛את תּוֹרַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And was this just a small matter in your sight, my Lord the Lord? And moreover you spoke to the house of your servant from afar, and is this man's right, my Lord the Lord? |
|| 1 Chr 17:17.
just ← yet, still. from afar: or, [AnLx], long ago. AV differs (for a great while to come). man's right ← the law of man. |
| 2 Sam 7:20 | וּמַה־יּוֹסִ֥יף דָּוִ֛ד ע֖וֹד לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֑יךָ וְאַתָּ֛ה יָדַ֥עְתָּ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֖ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And what more can David say to you? For you know your servant, my Lord the Lord. |
|| 1 Chr 17:18.
more ... say ← add ... to say. |
| 2 Sam 7:21 | בַּעֲב֤וּר דְּבָֽרְךָ֙ וּֽכְלִבְּךָ֔ עָשִׂ֕יתָ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַגְּדוּלָּ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את לְהוֹדִ֖יעַ אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | It was for the sake of your word and according to your heart that you performed all this great thing, in making it known to your servant, |
|| 1 Chr 17:19.
in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 7:22 | עַל־כֵּ֥ן גָּדַ֖לְתָּ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין כָּמ֗וֹךָ וְאֵ֤ין אֱלֹהִים֙ זֽוּלָתֶ֔ךָ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ בְּאָזְנֵֽינוּ׃ | which is why you are great, my Lord the Lord, for there is none like you, and there is no God except for you in anything which we have heard with our ears. |
|| 1 Chr 17:20.
anything ← everything. |
| 2 Sam 7:23 | וּמִ֤י כְעַמְּךָ֙ כְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גּ֥וֹי אֶחָ֖ד בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכֽוּ־אֱ֠לֹהִים לִפְדּֽוֹת־ל֨וֹ לְעָ֜ם וְלָשׂ֧וּם ל֣וֹ שֵׁ֗ם וְלַעֲשׂ֨וֹת לָכֶ֜ם הַגְּדוּלָּ֤ה וְנֹֽרָאוֹת֙ לְאַרְצֶ֔ךָ מִפְּנֵ֣י עַמְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּדִ֤יתָ לְּךָ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם גּוֹיִ֖ם וֵאלֹהָֽיו׃ | And who is like your people, like Israel, one nation on the earth, which God proceeded to redeem to himself as a people, and to establish a name for himself, and to perform for you a great deed and awesome things, for your land, on account of your people whom you redeemed to yourself from Egypt – the nations and their gods? |
|| 1 Chr 17:21.
your people ... your land ... your people: “your” is singular. God proceeded ← God went. A rare case of a plural verb with Elohim (God) as subject. See note on Gen 1:1. It is followed by “to himself”, singular. for you: plural. their gods ← its gods. |
| 2 Sam 7:24 | וַתְּכ֣וֹנֵֽן לְ֠ךָ אֶת־עַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל ׀ לְךָ֛ לְעָ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְאַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הָיִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ ס | And you have established your people for yourself, Israel as your people age-abidingly. And you, O Lord, have become their God. | || 1 Chr 17:22. |
| 2 Sam 7:25 | וְעַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֤רְתָּ עַֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְעַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָקֵ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וַעֲשֵׂ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | So now, O Lord God, establish the word which you spoke concerning your servant and concerning his household age-abidingly, and act as you have spoken. | || 1 Chr 17:23. |
| 2 Sam 7:26 | וְיִגְדַּ֨ל שִׁמְךָ֤ עַד־עוֹלָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבֵית֙ עַבְדְּךָ֣ דָוִ֔ד יִהְיֶ֥ה נָכ֖וֹן לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And may your name be magnified age-abidingly, by people saying, ‘O Lord of hosts, God over Israel’, and may the house of your servant David be established before you. |
|| 1 Chr 17:24.
by people saying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 7:27 | כִּֽי־אַתָּה֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל גָּלִ֜יתָה אֶת־אֹ֤זֶן עַבְדְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בַּ֖יִת אֶבְנֶה־לָּ֑ךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָצָ֤א עַבְדְּךָ֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֵלֶ֔יךָ אֶת־הַתְּפִלָּ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | For you, O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, have informed your servant, saying, ‘I will build you a house’, which is why your servant has found it in his heart to pray this prayer to you. |
|| 1 Chr 17:25.
informed ← uncovered the ear of. house: i.e. a line of succession. |
| 2 Sam 7:28 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אַתָּה־הוּא֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּדְבָרֶ֖יךָ יִהְי֣וּ אֱמֶ֑ת וַתְּדַבֵּר֙ אֶֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַטּוֹבָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | So now, my Lord the Lord, you are God and your words will come true, and you have spoken this good thing to your servant. |
|| 1 Chr 17:26.
come true ← become truth. |
| 2 Sam 7:29 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הוֹאֵל֙ וּבָרֵךְ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית עַבְדְּךָ֔ לִהְי֥וֹת לְעוֹלָ֖ם לְפָנֶ֑יךָ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ וּמִבִּרְכָ֣תְךָ֔ יְבֹרַ֥ךְ בֵּֽית־עַבְדְּךָ֖ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ פ | So now, be willing to bless the house of your servant, for it to be before you age-abidingly, because you, my Lord the Lord, have spoken, and from your blessing the house of your servant will be blessed age-abidingly.” |
|| 1 Chr 17:27.
be willing to bless ← be willing and bless. |
| 2 Sam 8:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיַּכְנִיעֵ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־מֶ֥תֶג הָאַמָּ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And it came to pass after that, that David attacked the Philistines and subdued them, and David took the metropolis from the Philistines' control. |
|| 1 Chr 18:1.
the metropolis ← bridle of the fore-arm, i.e. Gath [CB]. Compare 1 Chr 18:1. AV differs (Methegammah), taking the words as a proper noun. control ← hand. |
| 2 Sam 8:2 | וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב וַֽיְמַדְּדֵ֤ם בַּחֶ֙בֶל֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ב אוֹתָ֣ם אַ֔רְצָה וַיְמַדֵּ֤ד שְׁנֵֽי־חֲבָלִים֙ לְהָמִ֔ית וּמְלֹ֥א הַחֶ֖בֶל לְהַחֲי֑וֹת וַתְּהִ֤י מוֹאָב֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נֹשְׂאֵ֥י מִנְחָֽה׃ | And he attacked Moab, and he allotted them in a line, making them lie down on the ground, and he allotted two groups, one to be put to death and one numerous group to be preserved alive. So Moab became David's servants and tribute-bearers. |
|| 1 Chr 18:2.
allotted (2x) ← measured. on the ground ← to the ground. groups ... group ← line ... lines, or cord ... cords. numerous ← fulness of. |
| 2 Sam 8:3 | וַיַּ֣ךְ דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה בְּלֶכְתּ֕וֹ לְהָשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ בִּֽנְהַר־**פְּרָֽת׃ | And David attacked Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, the king of Zobah, when he went to regain control of {K: the river} [Q: the River Euphrates]. |
|| 1 Chr 18:3.
to regain control of ← to cause his hand to return at. |
| 2 Sam 8:4 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֜ד מִמֶּ֗נּוּ אֶ֤לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וַיְעַקֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיּוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מֵ֥אָה רָֽכֶב׃ | And David captured from him one thousand seven hundred horsemen and twenty thousand infantrymen. And David hamstrung all the horses of the chariot fleet, but he allowed one hundred of its chariots to remain. |
|| 1 Chr 18:4.
AV differs in word association (as does LXX). We follow MT punctuation. On the differences in 1 Chr 18:4, [CB] suggests mistaking double-dotted zayin, ז̈ (7000), for final nun, ן (700), but if the text is ↴ |
| 2 Sam 8:5 | וַתָּבֹא֙ אֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק לַעְזֹ֕ר לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ בַּֽאֲרָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | Then Aramaea of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, but David struck down twenty-two thousand men in Aramaea. |
↳ accurate, solutions offered involve: ten men per chariot, different events, different phases of the battle, and men who could fight on foot or horseback. A similar issue with 2 Sam 10:18 and 1 Chr 19:18.
|| 1 Chr 18:5. |
| 2 Sam 8:6 | וַיָּ֨שֶׂם דָּוִ֤ד נְצִבִים֙ בַּאֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וַתְּהִ֤י אֲרָם֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נוֹשְׂאֵ֣י מִנְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤שַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃ | And David stationed garrisons in Aramaea of Damascus, and Aramaea became David's servants and tribute-bearers. And the Lord sustained David everywhere he went. |
|| 1 Chr 18:6.
sustained ← saved. |
| 2 Sam 8:7 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת שִׁלְטֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֔וּ אֶ֖ל עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And David took the golden shields which Hadadezer's servants had, and he brought them to Jerusalem. | || 1 Chr 18:7. |
| 2 Sam 8:8 | וּמִבֶּ֥טַח וּמִבֵּֽרֹתַ֖י עָרֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר לָקַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד נְחֹ֖שֶׁת הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ ס | And King David took a very great quantity of copper from Betah and from Berothai, Hadadezer's cities. | || 1 Chr 18:8. |
| 2 Sam 8:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עִי מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־חֵ֥יל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃ | And when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the whole of Hadadezer's army, | || 1 Chr 18:9. |
| 2 Sam 8:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | Toi sent Joram his son to King David to ask him for peace and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer had been a man at war with Toi. And in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of copper. |
|| 1 Chr 18:10.
at war with ← of wars of. his hand: i.e. Joram's hand. |
| 2 Sam 8:11 | גַּם־אֹתָ֕ם הִקְדִּ֛ישׁ הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד לַֽיהוָ֑ה עִם־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְהַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדִּ֔ישׁ מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כִּבֵּֽשׁ׃ | Them too King David consecrated to the Lord with the silver and the gold which he had consecrated from all the nations which he had conquered, | || 1 Chr 18:11. |
| 2 Sam 8:12 | מֵאֲרָ֤ם וּמִמּוֹאָב֙ וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמִשְּׁלַ֛ל הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ צוֹבָֽה׃ | from Aramaea, and from Moab, and from the sons of Ammon, and from the Philistines, and from Amalek, and from the booty of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, the king of Zobah. | || 1 Chr 18:11. |
| 2 Sam 8:13 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ דָּוִד֙ שֵׁ֔ם בְּשֻׁב֕וֹ מֵהַכּוֹת֥וֹ אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃ | And David gained a reputation when he returned from defeating Aramaea in the Valley of Salt – eighteen thousand men. |
|| 1 Chr 18:12.
gained ← made. |
| 2 Sam 8:14 | וַיָּ֨שֶׂם בֶּאֱד֜וֹם נְצִבִ֗ים בְּכָל־אֱדוֹם֙ שָׂ֣ם נְצִבִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י כָל־אֱד֖וֹם עֲבָדִ֣ים לְדָוִ֑ד וַיּ֤וֹשַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃ | And he stationed garrisons in Edom – in the whole of Edom he stationed garrisons – and all of Edom became David's servants. And the Lord sustained David everywhere he went. |
|| 1 Chr 18:13.
sustained ← saved. |
| 2 Sam 8:15 | וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִ֖ד עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י דָוִ֗ד עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְכָל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ | So David reigned over all of Israel, and David would execute judgment and justice to all his people. | || 1 Chr 18:14. |
| 2 Sam 8:16 | וְיוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֖ה עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד מַזְכִּֽיר׃ | And Joab the son of Zeruiah was in charge of the army, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was state secretary. | || 1 Chr 18:15. |
| 2 Sam 8:17 | וְצָד֧וֹק בֶּן־אֲחִיט֛וּב וַאֲחִימֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִ֑ים וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה סוֹפֵֽר׃ | And Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was the scribe. |
|| 1 Chr 18:16.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. the scribe ← a scribe, but the article is often omitted in Hebrew; compare Num 1:1. |
| 2 Sam 8:18 | וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וּבְנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד כֹּהֲנִ֥ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ | And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada and the Cherethites and the Pelethites and the sons of David were priests. |
|| 1 Chr 18:17.
Benaiah ← Benaiahu, a fuller form of the name sometimes used. and the Cherethites and the Pelethites ... priests: many others interpolate the whole ↴ |
| 2 Sam 9:1 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד הֲכִ֣י יֶשׁ־ע֔וֹד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נוֹתַ֖ר לְבֵ֣ית שָׁא֑וּל וְאֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה עִמּוֹ֙ חֶ֔סֶד בַּעֲב֖וּר יְהוֹנָתָֽן׃ | And David said, “Is there still anyone who remains of the house of Saul, so I can show kindness to him on account of Jonathan?” |
↳ verse from 1 Chr 18:17, but we translate the text as it stands.
show kindness to ← do kindness with. |
| 2 Sam 9:2 | וּלְבֵ֨ית שָׁא֥וּל עֶ֙בֶד֙ וּשְׁמ֣וֹ צִיבָ֔א וַיִּקְרְאוּ־ל֖וֹ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ אֵלָ֛יו הַאַתָּ֥ה צִיבָ֖א וַיֹּ֥אמֶר עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | Now there was a servant of the house of Saul, and his name was Ziba, and they summoned him to David. And the king asked him, “Are you Ziba?” And he said, “Your servant.” | asked him ← said to him. |
| 2 Sam 9:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הַאֶ֨פֶס ע֥וֹד אִישׁ֙ לְבֵ֣ית שָׁא֔וּל וְאֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה עִמּ֖וֹ חֶ֣סֶד אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ ע֛וֹד בֵּ֥ן לִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן נְכֵ֥ה רַגְלָֽיִם׃ | And the king said, “Is there no longer a man of the house of Saul, so that I may show the kindness of God to him?” And Ziba said to the king, “There is still Jonathan's son, who is lame in the feet.” |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
show ... kindness ... to ← do ... kindness ... with. |
| 2 Sam 9:4 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵיפֹ֣ה ה֑וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא בֵּ֛ית מָכִ֥יר בֶּן־עַמִּיאֵ֖ל בְּל֥וֹ דְבָֽר׃ | And the king said to him, “Where is he?” And Ziba said to the king, “Well now, he is in the house of Machir the son of Ammiel in Lo-Debar.” | well now ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 9:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִבֵּ֛ית מָכִ֥יר בֶּן־עַמִּיאֵ֖ל מִלּ֥וֹ דְבָֽר׃ | And King David sent for him, and he took him from the house of Machir the son of Ammiel, from Lo-Debar. | |
| 2 Sam 9:6 | וַ֠יָּבֹא מְפִיבֹ֨שֶׁת בֶּן־יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ מְפִיבֹ֔שֶׁת וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | So Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul came to David, and he fell face down and prostrated himself. And David said, “Mephibosheth.” And he said, “Here is your servant.” |
face down ← on his face.
here is ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 9:7 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ דָוִ֜ד אַל־תִּירָ֗א כִּ֣י עָשֹׂה֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה עִמְּךָ֥ חֶ֙סֶד֙ בַּֽעֲבוּר֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן אָבִ֔יךָ וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֣י לְךָ֔ אֶֽת־כָּל־שְׂדֵ֖ה שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַתָּ֗ה תֹּ֥אכַל לֶ֛חֶם עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִ֖י תָּמִֽיד׃ | And David said to him, “Don't be afraid, for I will certainly show you kindness, on account of Jonathan your father. And I will restore to you all of the field of Saul your father, and you will always eat bread at my table.” |
I will certainly show you kindness ← I will certainly do kindness with you. Infinitive absolute.
father: the word can stand for grandfather, as here, and forefather. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Sam 9:8 | וַיִּשְׁתַּ֕חוּ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֣י פָנִ֔יתָ אֶל־הַכֶּ֥לֶב הַמֵּ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּמֽוֹנִי׃ | And Mephibosheth prostrated himself and said, “What is your servant, that you should turn to a dead dog such as me?” | |
| 2 Sam 9:9 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֶל־צִיבָ֛א נַ֥עַר שָׁא֖וּל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֑יו כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה לְשָׁאוּל֙ וּלְכָל־בֵּית֔וֹ נָתַ֖תִּי לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ | And the king called for Ziba, Saul's servant-lad, and he said to him, “Everything which was Saul's or of any of his house, I have given to your master's son. | any ← all. |
| 2 Sam 9:10 | וְעָבַ֣דְתָּ לּ֣וֹ אֶֽת־הָאֲדָמָ֡ה אַתָּה֩ וּבָנֶ֨יךָ וַעֲבָדֶ֜יךָ וְהֵבֵ֗אתָ וְהָיָ֨ה לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ לֶּ֙חֶם֙ וַאֲכָל֔וֹ וּמְפִיבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֶּן־אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ יֹאכַ֥ל תָּמִ֛יד לֶ֖חֶם עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִ֑י וּלְצִיבָ֗א חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר בָּנִ֖ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים עֲבָדִֽים׃ | And you will till the ground for him, you and your sons and your servants, and you will bring the produce in. So your master's son will have bread, and he will eat it, and Mephibosheth your master's son will always eat bread at my table.” Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants. | bread (2x): standing for all kinds of food. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Sam 9:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֲדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־עַבְדּ֔וֹ כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וּמְפִיבֹ֗שֶׁת אֹכֵל֙ עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י כְּאַחַ֖ד מִבְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Ziba said to the king, “Everything that my lord the king commands his servant, your servant will do.” Then David added, “So Mephibosheth will eat at my table like one of the king's sons.” | |
| 2 Sam 9:12 | וְלִמְפִיבֹ֥שֶׁת בֵּן־קָטָ֖ן וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מִיכָ֑א וְכֹל֙ מוֹשַׁ֣ב בֵּית־צִיבָ֔א עֲבָדִ֖ים לִמְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And Mephibosheth had a small son whose name was Micah. And the whole household of Ziba were servants to Mephibosheth. |
Micah: AV= Micha here, but not in 1 Chr 9:15 for this spelling.
household ← seat / residence of the house. |
| 2 Sam 9:13 | וּמְפִיבֹ֗שֶׁת יֹשֵׁב֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּ֣י עַל־שֻׁלְחַ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ תָּמִ֖יד ה֣וּא אֹכֵ֑ל וְה֥וּא פִסֵּ֖חַ שְׁתֵּ֥י רַגְלָֽיו׃ פ | And Mephibosheth lived in Jerusalem, because he always ate at the king's table. And he was lame in both his feet. | |
| 2 Sam 10:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּ֕מָת מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ חָנ֥וּן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And it came to pass after this, that the king of the sons of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his place. | || 1 Chr 19:1. |
| 2 Sam 10:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And David said, “I will show kindness to Hanun the son of Nahash in the way his father showed me kindness.” And David sent word to comfort him through his servants about his father. And David's servants arrived in the land of the sons of Ammon. |
|| 1 Chr 19:2.
show kindness to ... showed me kindness ← do kindness with ... did kindness with me. through ← by the hand of. |
| 2 Sam 10:3 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | But the officials of the sons of Ammon said to Hanun their lord, “Does David honour your father, in your opinion? For he has sent consolers to you. Is it not to investigate the city and to spy on it, and to overthrow it, that David has sent his servants to you?” |
|| 1 Chr 19:3.
opinion ← eyes. |
| 2 Sam 10:4 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃ | And Hanun seized David's servants, and he shaved off half of their beards, and he cut their garments down the middle as far as their buttocks, and he sent them away. |
|| 1 Chr 19:4.
down the middle ← in half. |
| 2 Sam 10:5 | וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַד־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ | Then when David was told, he sent servants to meet them, for the men had been very much put to shame. And the king said, “Stay in Jericho until your beards grow, and then return.” |
|| 1 Chr 19:5.
David was told ← they told David. Avoidance of the passive. beards grow ← beard grows. |
| 2 Sam 10:6 | וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ בְּדָוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֡וֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ אֶת־אֲרַ֨ם בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַ֣ם צוֹבָ֗א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה֙ אֶ֣לֶף אִ֔ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ ט֔וֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | Then when the sons of Ammon saw that they had become odious to David, the sons of Ammon contacted and hired the Aramaeans of Beth-Rehob, and the Aramaeans of Zoba – twenty thousand infantry – and one thousand men from King Maachah, and twelve thousand men from Ish-Tob. |
|| 1 Chr 19:6, 1 Chr 19:7.
contacted ← sent. Maachah: AV= Maacah here. See Gen 22:24. |
| 2 Sam 10:7 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | And when David heard of it, he sent Joab and the whole army of warriors. | || 1 Chr 19:8. |
| 2 Sam 10:8 | וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַאֲרַ֨ם צוֹבָ֤א וּרְחוֹב֙ וְאִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And the sons of Ammon came out and drew up in battle order at the gate entrance, and the Aramaeans of Zoba and Rehob, and Ish-Tob and Maachah were in the field by themselves. |
|| 1 Chr 19:9.
Maachah: AV= Maacah here. See Gen 22:24. |
| 2 Sam 10:9 | וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִפָּנִ֖ים וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכֹּל֙ בְּחוּרֵ֣י *בישראל **יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃ | And when Joab saw that there was a battlefront against him, ahead of him and behind, he made a selection from all the young men {K: in Israel} [Q: of Israel], and he drew them up to confront the Aramaeans. |
|| 1 Chr 19:10.
to confront ← towards, or to meet. |
| 2 Sam 10:10 | וְאֵת֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם נָתַ֕ן בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֕ךְ לִקְרַ֖את בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And he placed the remainder of the people in the hand of Abishai his brother, who drew up to confront the sons of Ammon. |
|| 1 Chr 19:11.
Abishai ← Abshai here, and throughout 1 Chr. to confront ← towards, or to meet. |
| 2 Sam 10:11 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֤ק אֲרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי וְהָיִ֥תָה לִּ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה וְאִם־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ יֶחֱזְק֣וּ מִמְּךָ֔ וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַֽ לָֽךְ׃ | And he said, “If the Aramaeans are too strong for me, then you will come to my rescue, and if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will go to rescue you. |
|| 1 Chr 19:12.
come to my rescue ← be to me for salvation. |
| 2 Sam 10:12 | חֲזַ֤ק וְנִתְחַזַּק֙ בְּעַד־עַמֵּ֔נוּ וּבְעַ֖ד עָרֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָ֔ה יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ | Be strong and let us be strengthened for our people and for the cities of our God, and may the Lord do what is right in his sight.” |
|| 1 Chr 19:13.
right ← good. |
| 2 Sam 10:13 | וַיִּגַּ֣שׁ יוֹאָ֗ב וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽאֲרָ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | Then Joab and the people who were with him advanced to the battle against the Aramaeans, who fled from his presence. |
|| 1 Chr 19:14.
advanced ← approached. from his presence ← from before him. |
| 2 Sam 10:14 | וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֲבִישַׁ֔י וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֣שָׁב יוֹאָ֗ב מֵעַל֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then when the sons of Ammon saw that the Aramaeans had fled, they fled from Abishai, and they went to the city, and Joab returned from the sons of Ammon, and he went to Jerusalem. |
|| 1 Chr 19:15.
from ← from before. |
| 2 Sam 10:15 | וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֔ם כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖ף לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּאָסְפ֖וּ יָֽחַד׃ | But when the Aramaeans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they gathered themselves together. |
|| 1 Chr 19:16.
by Israel ← before Israel. |
| 2 Sam 10:16 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר וַיֹּצֵ֤א אֶת־אֲרָם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ חֵילָ֑ם וְשׁוֹבַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Hadadezer sent messengers, and they brought out the Aramaeans who were on the far side of the river. So their forces came, with Shobach the commander of Hadadezer's army at their head. |
|| 1 Chr 19:16.
Hadadezer: AV= Hadarezer, as AV has everywhere except 2 Sam 8:3 - 2 Sam 8:12. their forces: AV differs (to Helam), but the spelling is rather different from that of Helam in 2 Sam 10:17. |
| 2 Sam 10:17 | וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד ס וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֖א חֵלָ֑אמָה וַיַּעַרְכ֤וּ אֲרָם֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And it was reported to David, and he gathered the whole of Israel, and he crossed the Jordan and went to Helam. And the Aramaeans drew up their forces to confront David, and they fought against him. |
|| 1 Chr 19:17.
to confront: or towards or to meet. fought against him ← fought with him. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Sam 10:18 | וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ | And the Aramaeans fled from Israel, and of the Aramaeans David killed seven hundred chariot crew, and forty thousand horsemen, and he struck Shobach the commander of his army, and he died there. |
|| 1 Chr 19:18.
from ← from before. On the differences in 1 Chr 19:18, see the note to 2 Sam 8:4, where there is a similar issue. |
| 2 Sam 10:19 | וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ע֖וֹד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ פ | And when all the kings – servants of Hadadezer – saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with Israel and served them, and the Aramaeans were afraid of coming to the rescue of the sons of Ammon any more. |
|| 1 Chr 19:19.
by Israel ← before Israel. |
| 2 Sam 11:1 | וַיְהִי֩ לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֡ד אֶת־יוֹאָב֩ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֨יו עִמּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־רַבָּ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And it came to pass in the new year, at the time when the messengers go out, that David sent out Joab and his servants with him and all Israel, and they ravaged the sons of Ammon, and they besieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem. |
messengers: AV differs (kings). The word has a supralinear marking suggesting that the aleph should be omitted, giving kings, which is the reading of very many manuscripts [BHS-CA], LXX, and 1 Chr 20:1.
|| 1 Chr 20:1. in the new year ← at the turn of the year. |
| 2 Sam 11:2 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ לְעֵ֣ת הָעֶ֗רֶב וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד מֵעַ֤ל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ עַל־גַּ֣ג בֵּית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה רֹחֶ֖צֶת מֵעַ֣ל הַגָּ֑ג וְהָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And it came to pass one evening that David arose from his bed and walked around on the roof of the king's house, and from the roof he saw a woman bathing, and the woman was very good-looking. |
one evening ← at the time of the evening.
from the roof ← from on the roof. |
| 2 Sam 11:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּדְרֹ֖שׁ לָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲלוֹא־זֹאת֙ בַּת־שֶׁ֣בַע בַּת־אֱלִיעָ֔ם אֵ֖שֶׁת אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃ | And David sent a servant and inquired about the woman. And the servant said, “Is this not Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?” | Bathsheba: AV= Bath-sheba, hyphenated in Hebrew, but commonly written as one word in English. |
| 2 Sam 11:4 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֜ים וַיִּקָּחֶ֗הָ וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלָיו֙ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמָּ֔הּ וְהִ֥יא מִתְקַדֶּ֖שֶׁת מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑הּ וַתָּ֖שָׁב אֶל־בֵּיתָֽהּ׃ | And David sent messengers, and he took her, and she came to him, and he lay with her. Then she purified herself from her uncleanness and returned to her house. | purified ← sanctified. |
| 2 Sam 11:5 | וַתַּ֖הַר הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּשְׁלַח֙ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר הָרָ֥ה אָנֹֽכִי׃ | And the woman conceived, and she sent word, and she told David and said, “I am pregnant.” | |
| 2 Sam 11:6 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב שְׁלַ֣ח אֵלַ֔י אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה הַחִתִּ֑י וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃ | Then David sent word to Joab and said, “Send Uriah the Hittite to me.” So Joab sent Uriah to David. | |
| 2 Sam 11:7 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל דָּוִ֗ד לִשְׁל֤וֹם יוֹאָב֙ וְלִשְׁל֣וֹם הָעָ֔ם וְלִשְׁל֖וֹם הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And Uriah came to him, and David asked about Joab's welfare and the welfare of the people, and the course of the war. | welfare ...welfare ... course ← peace (3x). |
| 2 Sam 11:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְא֣וּרִיָּ֔ה רֵ֥ד לְבֵיתְךָ֖ וּרְחַ֣ץ רַגְלֶ֑יךָ וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֽוּרִיָּה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתֵּצֵ֥א אַחֲרָ֖יו מַשְׂאַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” So Uriah went out of the king's house, and a meal from the king went out after him. | |
| 2 Sam 11:9 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אוּרִיָּ֗ה פֶּ֚תַח בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָרַ֖ד אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | But Uriah lay at the entrance to the king's house with all his master's servants, and he did not go down to his house. | |
| 2 Sam 11:10 | וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יָרַ֥ד אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה הֲל֤וֹא מִדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אַתָּ֣ה בָ֔א מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹֽא־יָרַ֥דְתָּ אֶל־בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃ | And they reported it to David as follows: “Uriah has not gone down to his house.” Then David said to Uriah, “Have you not come from a journey? Why have you not gone down to your house?” | as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| 2 Sam 11:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אוּרִיָּ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הָ֠אָרוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִֽיהוּדָ֜ה יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בַּסֻּכּ֗וֹת וַאדֹנִ֨י יוֹאָ֜ב וְעַבְדֵ֤י אֲדֹנִ֨י עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ חֹנִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֞י אָב֧וֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִ֛י לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּ֖וֹת וְלִשְׁכַּ֣ב עִם־אִשְׁתִּ֑י חַיֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אִֽם־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Uriah said to David, “The ark and Israel and Judah remain in booths, and my master Joab and my master's servants are encamped in the open field, so should I go to my house and eat and drink and lie with my wife? Not on your life or on the life of your being will I do this thing.” |
open field ← surface of the field.
being ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 11:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה שֵׁ֥ב בָּזֶ֛ה גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֣ר אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב אוּרִיָּ֧ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וּמִֽמָּחֳרָֽת׃ | And David said to Uriah, “Stay here to-day as well, and tomorrow I will send you off.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem on that day and on the next day. | |
| 2 Sam 11:13 | וַיִּקְרָא־ל֣וֹ דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֧אכַל לְפָנָ֛יו וַיֵּ֖שְׁתְּ וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיֵּצֵ֣א בָעֶ֗רֶב לִשְׁכַּ֤ב בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ עִם־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔יו וְאֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לֹ֥א יָרָֽד׃ | Then David called him, and he ate in his presence, and he drank, and he made him drunk, but he went out in the evening to lie on his couch with his master's servants, and he did not go down to his house. | |
| 2 Sam 11:14 | וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד סֵ֖פֶר אֶל־יוֹאָ֑ב וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח בְּיַ֥ד אוּרִיָּֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the morning that David wrote a letter to Joab, and he sent it by the hand of Uriah. | |
| 2 Sam 11:15 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסֵּ֖פֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הָב֣וּ אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם מֵאַחֲרָ֖יו וְנִכָּ֥ה וָמֵֽת׃ ס | And he wrote in the letter as follows: “Place Uriah in the front line of the fiercest battle, and withdraw behind him so that he is struck and dies.” |
as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying.
in the front line ← opposite the face. fiercest ← strongest. behind him ← from behind him. |
| 2 Sam 11:16 | וַיְהִ֕י בִּשְׁמ֥וֹר יוֹאָ֖ב אֶל־הָעִ֑יר וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־א֣וּרִיָּ֔ה אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל שָֽׁם׃ | And it came to pass, when Joab was keeping watch over the city, that he put Uriah in the place where he knew that the most valiant warriors were. | valiant warriors ← men of valour. |
| 2 Sam 11:17 | וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּפֹּ֥ל מִן־הָעָ֖ם מֵעַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיָּ֕מָת גַּ֖ם אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃ | And the men of the city came out and fought Joab, and some of the company of David's servants fell, and Uriah the Hittite also died. | company ← people. |
| 2 Sam 11:18 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And Joab sent word and reported all the events of the war to David. | |
| 2 Sam 11:19 | וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּכַלּוֹתְךָ֗ אֵ֛ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he commanded the messenger as follows: “When you have finished telling the king all the events of the war, | as follows ← to say, or more loosely, saying. |
| 2 Sam 11:20 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִֽם־תַּעֲלֶה֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָמַ֣ר לְךָ֔ מַדּ֛וּעַ נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶל־הָעִ֖יר לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם הֲל֣וֹא יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יֹר֖וּ מֵעַ֥ל הַחוֹמָֽה׃ | and if it should come to pass that the king's anger is aroused, and he says to you, ‘Why did you approach the city to fight? Did you not know that they would shoot from the wall? | from ← from on. |
| 2 Sam 11:21 | מִֽי־הִכָּ֞ה אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֣לֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבֶּ֗שֶׁת הֲלֽוֹא־אִשָּׁ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יכָה עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨לַח רֶ֜כֶב מֵעַ֤ל הַֽחוֹמָה֙ וַיָּ֣מָת בְּתֵבֵ֔ץ לָ֥מָּה נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֖ם אֶל־הַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ גַּ֗ם עַבְדְּךָ֛ אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּ֖י מֵֽת׃ | Who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn't a woman drop an upper millstone on him from the wall, and did he not die in Thebez? Why did you approach the wall?’ – then you will say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’ ” |
from ← from on.
Thebez: see Judg 9:50. |
| 2 Sam 11:22 | וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הַמַּלְאָ֑ךְ וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁלָח֖וֹ יוֹאָֽב׃ | And the messenger departed and arrived and told David everything that Joab had sent him for. | |
| 2 Sam 11:23 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּֽי־גָבְר֤וּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֥וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַנִּהְיֶ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And the messenger said to David, “The men prevailed over us and came out against us in the field when we were up against them at the gate entrance. | said to David ← said to David that. |
| 2 Sam 11:24 | *ויראו **וַיֹּר֨וּ *המוראים **הַמּוֹרִ֤ים אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֙ךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַחוֹמָ֔ה וַיָּמ֖וּתוּ מֵעַבְדֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְגַ֗ם עַבְדְּךָ֛ אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּ֖י מֵֽת׃ ס | And the archers shot at your servant from the wall, and some of the king's servants died, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.” |
the archers shot: the ketiv could be regarded as a variant spelling of the qeré in both the archers and shot. Unexpected alephs also in 2 Sam 12:1 (רָאשׁ), 2 Sam 12:17 (בָּרָא) and perhaps 2 Sam 11:27 (וַיַּאַסְפָהּ).
from ← from on. |
| 2 Sam 11:25 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֤ר אֶל־יוֹאָב֙ אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־כָזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה תֹּאכַ֣ל הֶחָ֑רֶב הַחֲזֵ֨ק מִלְחַמְתְּךָ֧ אֶל־הָעִ֛יר וְהָרְסָ֖הּ וְחַזְּקֵֽהוּ׃ | Then David said to the messenger, “This is what you will say to Joab: ‘Don't let this matter be hurtful in your eyes, for the sword consumes this way and that way. Intensify your battle against the city and demolish it.’ And bid him strength.” | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Sam 11:26 | וַתִּשְׁמַע֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת אֽוּרִיָּ֔ה כִּי־מֵ֖ת אוּרִיָּ֣ה אִישָׁ֑הּ וַתִּסְפֹּ֖ד עַל־בַּעְלָֽהּ׃ | And Uriah's wife heard that Uriah her husband had died, and she lamented for her husband. | |
| 2 Sam 11:27 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר הָאֵ֗בֶל וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד וַיַּאַסְפָ֤הּ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ בֵּ֑ן וַיֵּ֧רַע הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה דָוִ֖ד בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And when the period of mourning had passed, David sent for her, and he added her to his household, and she became his wife, and she bore him a son. But the thing that David had done was evil in the Lord's sight. | added: although we translate as if from יָסַף, the verb אָסַף also admits the sense of to receive to oneself, whence add. See also 2 Sam 12:8. |
| 2 Sam 12:1 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ׃ | Then the Lord sent Nathan to David, and he came to him, and he said to him, “There were two men in a certain city, one rich and one poor. | a certain ← one. |
| 2 Sam 12:2 | לְעָשִׁ֗יר הָיָ֛ה צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | The rich man had very many sheep and cattle, | |
| 2 Sam 12:3 | וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃ | but the poor man didn't have anything except one small lamb which he had bought and reared, and it grew up together with him and with his sons. It ate from his plate and drank from his cup, and it lay in his bosom, and it became like a daughter to him. |
anything ← everything.
reared ← kept it alive. plate ← morsel. |
| 2 Sam 12:4 | וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃ | And a traveller came to the rich man, but he spared taking anything from his own flock and herd, and preparing it for the guest who had come to him, and he took the poor man's lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.” | taking ... and preparing: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| 2 Sam 12:5 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד בָּאִ֖ישׁ מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חַי־יְהוָ֕ה כִּ֣י בֶן־מָ֔וֶת הָאִ֖ישׁ הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה זֹֽאת׃ | And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As the Lord lives, the man who did this is deserving of death. | deserving of death ← a son of death. |
| 2 Sam 12:6 | וְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם עֵ֗קֶב אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָמָֽל׃ | And he will repay the lamb fourfold, since he did this thing and because he did not show pity.” | |
| 2 Sam 12:7 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר נָתָ֛ן אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד אַתָּ֣ה הָאִ֑ישׁ כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י מְשַׁחְתִּ֤יךָֽ לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֥י הִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָ מִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ | Then Nathan said to David, “You are the man. This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you from Saul's hand. | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Sam 12:8 | וָאֶתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֗יךָ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁ֤י אֲדֹנֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לְךָ֔ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאִ֨ם־מְעָ֔ט וְאֹסִ֥פָה לְּךָ֖ כָּהֵ֥נָּה וְכָהֵֽנָּה׃ | And I gave your lord's house and your lord's wives into your bosom, and I gave you the house of Israel and Judah. And if you had little of anything, I increased it for you left, right and centre. |
gave ← gave you.
increased ← gathered, but see 2 Sam 11:7 (added). left, right and centre ← as here and as there. |
| 2 Sam 12:9 | מַדּ֜וּעַ בָּזִ֣יתָ ׀ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ *בעינו **בְּעֵינַי֒ אֵ֣ת אוּרִיָּ֤ה הַֽחִתִּי֙ הִכִּ֣יתָ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶ֨ת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ לָקַ֥חְתָּ לְּךָ֖ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְאֹת֣וֹ הָרַ֔גְתָּ בְּחֶ֖רֶב בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Why have you despised the word of the Lord in doing evil in {K: his} [Q: my] sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite down with the sword, and you have taken his wife to be your wife. And you killed him by the sword of the sons of Ammon. | in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 12:10 | וְעַתָּ֗ה לֹא־תָס֥וּר חֶ֛רֶב מִבֵּיתְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם עֵ֚קֶב כִּ֣י בְזִתָ֔נִי וַתִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַחִתִּ֔י לִהְי֥וֹת לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | So now, the sword will not depart from your house age-abidingly, because you have despised me and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.’ | |
| 2 Sam 12:11 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עָלֶ֤יךָ רָעָה֙ מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־נָשֶׁ֙יךָ֙ לְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֖י לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁכַב֙ עִם־נָשֶׁ֔יךָ לְעֵינֵ֖י הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | This is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to stir up evil against you from your own house, and I will take your wives before your eyes, and I will give them to your neighbour, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. stir up ← set up. neighbour ← neighbours, but followed by a singular verb. |
| 2 Sam 12:12 | כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֣יתָ בַסָּ֑תֶר וַאֲנִ֗י אֶעֱשֶׂה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה נֶ֥גֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֶ֥גֶד הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ ס | For you acted in secret, but I will do this thing in the presence of all Israel and in the presence of the sun.’ ” | |
| 2 Sam 12:13 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חָטָ֖אתִי לַֽיהוָ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד גַּם־יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָמֽוּת׃ | Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord.” And Nathan said to David, “However, the Lord has transferred your sin; you will not die for it, | however ← also, but the word can be adversative; compare Eccl 6:7. |
| 2 Sam 12:14 | אֶ֗פֶס כִּֽי־נִאֵ֤ץ נִאַ֙צְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה גַּ֗ם הַבֵּ֛ן הַיִּלּ֥וֹד לְךָ֖ מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת׃ | except that because you have {P: thoroughly mocked the Lord} [M: given the Lord's enemies an easy occasion to mock him] in this matter, the son born to you will certainly die.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= נאצת את־יהוה. AV differs.
thoroughly mocked (primitive text) / given ... an easy occasion to mock (Masoretic Text) ... will certainly die: infinitives absolute. the son ← also the son, here ↴ |
| 2 Sam 12:15 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ נָתָ֖ן אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיִּגֹּ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־הַיֶּ֜לֶד אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת־אוּרִיָּ֛ה לְדָוִ֖ד וַיֵּאָנַֽשׁ׃ | Then Nathan went to his house, and the Lord struck the child whom Uriah's wife had borne to David, and he became ill. | ↳ a correlative to because. |
| 2 Sam 12:16 | וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּעַ֣ד הַנָּ֑עַר וַיָּ֤צָם דָּוִד֙ צ֔וֹם וּבָ֥א וְלָ֖ן וְשָׁכַ֥ב אָֽרְצָה׃ | And David pleaded with God about the boy, and David fasted, then he went indoors and spent the night lying on the ground. |
fasted ← fasted a fast.
went indoors ← came / went in. lying on the ground ← and he lay onto the ground. Pregnant use of the ↴ |
| 2 Sam 12:17 | וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ זִקְנֵ֤י בֵיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַהֲקִימ֖וֹ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־בָרָ֥א אִתָּ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ | And the elders of his house got up and went to him to lift him up from the ground, but he was not willing, and he did not eat bread with them. |
↳ locative of motion towards.
eat: with בָּרָא standing for בָּרָה. Otherwise, it means create. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Sam 12:18 | וַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיָּ֣מָת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד לְהַגִּ֥יד ל֣וֹ ׀ כִּי־מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֗לֶד כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ הִנֵּה֩ בִהְי֨וֹת הַיֶּ֜לֶד חַ֗י דִּבַּ֤רְנוּ אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֨יךְ נֹאמַ֥ר אֵלָ֛יו מֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וְעָשָׂ֥ה רָעָֽה׃ | Then it came to pass on the seventh day that the child died, but David's servants were afraid to tell him that the child had died, because they said, “Look, when the child was alive, we spoke to him, but he did not heed us, so how can we say to him, ‘The child has died’? He would then do something wrong.” | heed us ← hear our voice. |
| 2 Sam 12:19 | וַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד כִּ֤י עֲבָדָיו֙ מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים וַיָּ֥בֶן דָּוִ֖ד כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֧ד אֶל־עֲבָדָ֛יו הֲמֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ מֵֽת׃ | But David saw that his servants were whispering to each other, and David realized that the child had died, and David asked his servants, “Has the child died?” And they said, “He has died.” |
realized ← understood.
asked ← said to. |
| 2 Sam 12:20 | וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד מֵהָאָ֜רֶץ וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ וַיָּ֗סֶךְ וַיְחַלֵּף֙ *שמלתו **שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֥א בֵית־יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לֶ֖חֶם וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ | Then David arose from the ground and washed and anointed himself, and he changed his {K: robe} [Q: clothes], and he went to the house of the Lord and worshipped. Then he went to his house and asked for bread, and they served it to him, and he ate. | asked for bread, and they served it ← asked, and they served bread. |
| 2 Sam 12:21 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑יתָה בַּעֲב֞וּר הַיֶּ֤לֶד חַי֙ צַ֣מְתָּ וַתֵּ֔בְךְּ וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֔לֶד קַ֖מְתָּ וַתֹּ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃ | And his servants said to him, “What is this thing that you have done? While the child was alive, you fasted and wept, but when the child died, you got up and ate bread.” | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Sam 12:22 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּעוֹד֙ הַיֶּ֣לֶד חַ֔י צַ֖מְתִּי וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ *יחנני **וְחַנַּ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה וְחַ֥י הַיָּֽלֶד׃ | And he said, “When the child was still alive, I fasted and wept, for I said, ‘Who knows whether the Lord will have compassion on me, and the child will live?’ | will have compassion on me: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| 2 Sam 12:23 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ מֵ֗ת לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ אֲנִ֣י צָ֔ם הַאוּכַ֥ל לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ ע֑וֹד אֲנִי֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא לֹֽא־יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלָֽי׃ | But now that he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.” | |
| 2 Sam 12:24 | וַיְנַחֵ֣ם דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת בַּת־שֶׁ֣בַע אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן *ויקרא **וַתִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיהוָ֖ה אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ | And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and he went to her and lay with her, and she bore a son, {K: and he called} [Q: and she called] him Solomon. And the Lord loved him. | Solomon ← Shelomoh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name, as in 2 Sam 5:14. The Modern Hebrew pronunciation is Shlomo(h). |
| 2 Sam 12:25 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח בְּיַד֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְדִ֣ידְיָ֑הּ בַּעֲב֖וּר יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And David sent word through the intermediacy of Nathan the prophet, and he called him Jedidiah, because of the Lord. |
through the intermediacy of ← by the hand of.
he called him: i.e. the Lord called David's son. |
| 2 Sam 12:26 | וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ | And Joab fought in Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and he captured the royal city. |
|| 1 Chr 20:1.
the royal city ← the city of the kingship. |
| 2 Sam 12:27 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי בְרַבָּ֔ה גַּם־לָכַ֖דְתִּי אֶת־עִ֥יר הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And Joab sent messengers to David, and he said, “I have fought in Rabbah, and moreover I have captured the City of Water. | the City of Water: [CB] interprets as the lower waters or town. |
| 2 Sam 12:28 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אֱסֹף֙ אֶת־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם וַחֲנֵ֥ה עַל־הָעִ֖יר וְלָכְדָ֑הּ פֶּן־אֶלְכֹּ֤ד אֲנִי֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְנִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | So now, gather the rest of the people and encamp against the city and capture it, so that it is not me who captures the city and it becomes called after my name.” |
me who captures: or, if the reader prefers, I (who) capture.
it becomes called after my name ← my name is called on it. A similar ↴ |
| 2 Sam 12:29 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ רַבָּ֑תָה וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם בָּ֖הּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃ | And David gathered all the people, and he went to Rabbah, and he fought against it, and he captured it. | ↳ construction is used in the Greek of James 2:7. |
| 2 Sam 12:30 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־עֲטֶֽרֶת־מַלְכָּם֩ מֵעַ֨ל רֹאשׁ֜וֹ וּמִשְׁקָלָ֨הּ כִּכַּ֤ר זָהָב֙ וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֖י עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ דָּוִ֑ד וּשְׁלַ֥ל הָעִ֛יר הוֹצִ֖יא הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And he took their king's crown from his head, and its weight was a talent of gold with a precious gemstone, and it was placed on David's head. He also brought out a great deal of the city's spoil, |
|| 1 Chr 20:2.
talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Sam 12:31 | וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ *במלכן **בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | and he brought out the people who were in it, and he assigned them to work with the saw, and with iron threshing boards and with iron axes, and he moved them to {Q: a brickworks} [K: Malcan]. And he did likewise to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. | || 1 Chr 20:3. |
| 2 Sam 13:1 | וַיְהִ֣י אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וּלְאַבְשָׁל֧וֹם בֶּן־דָּוִ֛ד אָח֥וֹת יָפָ֖ה וּשְׁמָ֣הּ תָּמָ֑ר וַיֶּאֱהָבֶ֖הָ אַמְנ֥וֹן בֶּן־דָּוִֽד׃ | And it came to pass after that, that Absalom, David's son, had a beautiful sister, whose name was Tamar, and Amnon, David's son, loved her. | || 1 Chr 3:9. |
| 2 Sam 13:2 | וַיֵּ֨צֶר לְאַמְנ֜וֹן לְהִתְחַלּ֗וֹת בַּֽעֲבוּר֙ תָּמָ֣ר אֲחֹת֔וֹ כִּ֥י בְתוּלָ֖ה הִ֑יא וַיִּפָּלֵא֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י אַמְנ֔וֹן לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָ֖הּ מְאֽוּמָה׃ | And Amnon was stressed to the point of making himself ill on account of Tamar his sister, for she was a virgin, but it seemed difficult in Amnon's sight to do anything with her. |
but it seemed difficult: perhaps translate and it would have been wonderful, but against this is that מְאוּמָה would be strained in the sense of something.
with her ← to / for her. |
| 2 Sam 13:3 | וּלְאַמְנ֣וֹן רֵ֗עַ וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יֽוֹנָדָ֔ב בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְי֣וֹנָדָ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ חָכָ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab the son of Shimah, David's brother, and Jonadab was a very clever man. |
Shimah ← Shim'ah. AV= Shimeah, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21.
clever ← wise, usually in a positive sense, but not so here; crafty. |
| 2 Sam 13:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ מַדּ֣וּעַ אַ֠תָּה כָּ֣כָה דַּ֤ל בֶּן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר הֲל֖וֹא תַּגִּ֣יד לִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אַמְנ֔וֹן אֶת־תָּמָ֗ר אֲח֛וֹת אַבְשָׁלֹ֥ם אָחִ֖י אֲנִ֥י אֹהֵֽב׃ | And he said to him, “Why are you so dejected, O son of the king, every morning? Will you not tell me?” And Amnon said to him, “I love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister.” | every morning ← in the morning, in the morning. |
| 2 Sam 13:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָדָ֔ב שְׁכַ֥ב עַל־מִשְׁכָּבְךָ֖ וְהִתְחָ֑ל וּבָ֧א אָבִ֣יךָ לִרְאוֹתֶ֗ךָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֡יו תָּ֣בֹא נָא֩ תָמָ֨ר אֲחוֹתִ֜י וְתַבְרֵ֣נִי לֶ֗חֶם וְעָשְׂתָ֤ה לְעֵינַי֙ אֶת־הַבִּרְיָ֔ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶרְאֶ֔ה וְאָכַלְתִּ֖י מִיָּדָֽהּ׃ | Then Jehonadab said to him, “Lie on your bed and pretend to be ill, and when your father comes to see you, say to him, ‘Could Tamar my sister come and give me bread to eat and prepare the food in my sight, so that I may see it and eat from her hand.’ ” |
Jehonadab: a fuller form of Jonadab.
pretend to be ill: hithpael for feigning. could ← please may. |
| 2 Sam 13:6 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אַמְנ֖וֹן וַיִּתְחָ֑ל וַיָּבֹ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לִרְאֹת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַמְנ֤וֹן אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ תָּֽבוֹא־נָ֞א תָּמָ֣ר אֲחֹתִ֗י וּתְלַבֵּ֤ב לְעֵינַי֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י לְבִב֔וֹת וְאֶבְרֶ֖ה מִיָּדָֽהּ׃ | So Amnon lay down and pretended to be ill, and the king came to see him, and Amnon said to the king, “Could Tamar my sister come in and make two pancakes before my eyes, and I will eat from her hand.” |
pretended to be ill: hithpael for feigning.
could ← please may. |
| 2 Sam 13:7 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־תָּמָ֖ר הַבַּ֣יְתָה לֵאמֹ֑ר לְכִ֣י נָ֗א בֵּ֚ית אַמְנ֣וֹן אָחִ֔יךְ וַעֲשִׂי־ל֖וֹ הַבִּרְיָֽה׃ | So David sent servants to Tamar's home who said, “Please go to the home of Amnon your brother and make him a meal.” | a meal ← food. |
| 2 Sam 13:8 | וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ תָּמָ֗ר בֵּ֛ית אַמְנ֥וֹן אָחִ֖יהָ וְה֣וּא שֹׁכֵ֑ב וַתִּקַּ֨ח אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֤ק *ותלוש **וַתָּ֙לָשׁ֙ וַתְּלַבֵּ֣ב לְעֵינָ֔יו וַתְּבַשֵּׁ֖ל אֶת־הַלְּבִבֽוֹת׃ | So Tamar went to the home of Amnon her brother, and he was laid up, and she took the dough and kneaded it, and she made pancakes in his presence and cooked the pancakes. |
kneaded: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
laid up ← lying. cooked: there is a separate ↴ |
| 2 Sam 13:9 | וַתִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הַמַּשְׂרֵת֙ וַתִּצֹ֣ק לְפָנָ֔יו וַיְמָאֵ֖ן לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַמְנ֗וֹן הוֹצִ֤יאוּ כָל־אִישׁ֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י וַיֵּצְא֥וּ כָל־אִ֖ישׁ מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | And she took the frying pan, and she poured them out in his presence, but he refused to eat, and Amnon said, “Send every man away from me.” So every man went out away from him. | ↳ Hebrew word for baked (אָפָה). |
| 2 Sam 13:10 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַמְנ֜וֹן אֶל־תָּמָ֗ר הָבִ֤יאִי הַבִּרְיָה֙ הַחֶ֔דֶר וְאֶבְרֶ֖ה מִיָּדֵ֑ךְ וַתִּקַּ֣ח תָּמָ֗ר אֶת־הַלְּבִבוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔תָה וַתָּבֵ֛א לְאַמְנ֥וֹן אָחִ֖יהָ הֶחָֽדְרָה׃ | Then Amnon said to Tamar, “Bring the food into the room, and I will eat from your hand.” So Tamar took the pancakes which she had made and brought them to Amnon her brother in the room. | in the room ← into the room. |
| 2 Sam 13:11 | וַתַּגֵּ֥שׁ אֵלָ֖יו לֶֽאֱכֹ֑ל וַיַּֽחֲזֶק־בָּהּ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ בּ֛וֹאִי שִׁכְבִ֥י עִמִּ֖י אֲחוֹתִֽי׃ | But when she served them for him to eat, he took hold of her and said to her, “Come and lie with me, my sister.” | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 13:12 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אַל־אָחִי֙ אַל־תְּעַנֵּ֔נִי כִּ֛י לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אַֽל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | But she said to him, “No, my brother, do not violate me, for such a thing is not done in Israel. Do not do this dishonourable thing. | |
| 2 Sam 13:13 | וַאֲנִ֗י אָ֤נָה אוֹלִיךְ֙ אֶת־חֶרְפָּתִ֔י וְאַתָּ֗ה תִּהְיֶ֛ה כְּאַחַ֥ד הַנְּבָלִ֖ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּה֙ דַּבֶּר־נָ֣א אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִמְנָעֵ֖נִי מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ | For where would I rid myself of my shame? And you would be like one of the dishonoured in Israel. So now, please, speak to the king, for he will not hold me back from you.” | rid myself of ← make depart. |
| 2 Sam 13:14 | וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ בְּקוֹלָ֑הּ וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק מִמֶּ֙נָּה֙ וַיְעַנֶּ֔הָ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב אֹתָֽהּ׃ | But he would not heed her, and he was stronger than her, and he violated her and lay with her. |
heed her ← hear her voice.
than her: or, if the reader prefers, than she. |
| 2 Sam 13:15 | וַיִּשְׂנָאֶ֣הָ אַמְנ֗וֹן שִׂנְאָה֙ גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י גְדוֹלָ֗ה הַשִּׂנְאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׂנֵאָ֔הּ מֵאַהֲבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲהֵבָ֑הּ וַֽיֹּאמֶר־לָ֥הּ אַמְנ֖וֹן ק֥וּמִי לֵֽכִי׃ | Then Amnon hated her with a very great hatred, for his hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her, and Amnon said to her, “Get up and go.” | |
| 2 Sam 13:16 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אַל־אוֹדֹ֞ת הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את מֵאַחֶ֛רֶת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתָ עִמִּ֖י לְשַׁלְּחֵ֑נִי וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֥עַֽ לָֽהּ׃ | And she said to him, “There is no reason to do this wicked thing, in sending me away, which is greater than the other thing which you did to me.” But he would not listen to her. |
in sending: gerundial use of the infinitive.
to me ← with me. |
| 2 Sam 13:17 | וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶֽת־נַעֲרוֹ֙ מְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁלְחוּ־נָ֥א אֶת־זֹ֛את מֵעָלַ֖י הַח֑וּצָה וּנְעֹ֥ל הַדֶּ֖לֶת אַחֲרֶֽיהָ׃ | And he called for his servant-lad, who served him, and he said, “Send this woman away from me, outside, and bolt the door after her.” | send ← send please, but the particle of entreaty / exhortation is weak, and it is rather one of enjoinder here. The attitude to Tamar is harsh. |
| 2 Sam 13:18 | וְעָלֶ֙יהָ֙ כְּתֹ֣נֶת פַּסִּ֔ים כִּי֩ כֵ֨ן תִּלְבַּ֧שְׁןָ בְנוֹת־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ הַבְּתוּלֹ֖ת מְעִילִ֑ים וַיֹּצֵ֨א אוֹתָ֤הּ מְשָֽׁרְתוֹ֙ הַח֔וּץ וְנָעַ֥ל הַדֶּ֖לֶת אַחֲרֶֽיהָ׃ | Now she was wearing a long striped tunic, for that was the kind of robe which the king's virgin daughters wore. And his servant took her outside and bolted the door after her. | she was wearing ← on her (was). |
| 2 Sam 13:19 | וַתִּקַּ֨ח תָּמָ֥ר אֵ֙פֶר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וּכְתֹ֧נֶת הַפַּסִּ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יהָ קָרָ֑עָה וַתָּ֤שֶׂם יָדָהּ֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְזָעָֽקָה׃ | And Tamar took ash and put it on her head, and she tore the long striped tunic which she was wearing, and she put her hand on her head, and she went around wailing. |
she was wearing ← on her (was).
went around wailing: augmented with an infinitive absolute, emphasizing the simultaneity of going and wailing. |
| 2 Sam 13:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלֶ֜יהָ אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם אָחִ֗יהָ הַאֲמִינ֣וֹן אָחִיךְ֮ הָיָ֣ה עִמָּךְ֒ וְעַתָּ֞ה אֲחוֹתִ֤י הַחֲרִ֙ישִׁי֙ אָחִ֣יךְ ה֔וּא אַל־תָּשִׁ֥יתִי אֶת־לִבֵּ֖ךְ לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב תָּמָר֙ וְשֹׁ֣מֵמָ֔ה בֵּ֖ית אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם אָחִֽיהָ׃ | And Absalom her brother asked her, “Has Aminon your brother been with you? Well now, my sister, keep quiet about it; he is your brother. Do not take this matter to heart.” But Tamar remained devastated in the house of Absalom her brother. |
asked ← said to.
Aminon: a variation of Amnon. do not take this matter to heart ← do not put your heart to this matter. devastated ← and was devastated or solitary. |
| 2 Sam 13:21 | וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד שָׁמַ֕ע אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּ֥חַר ל֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ | And King David heard all these things, and it greatly infuriated him. | |
| 2 Sam 13:22 | וְלֹֽא־דִבֶּ֧ר אַבְשָׁל֛וֹם עִם־אַמְנ֖וֹן לְמֵרָ֣ע וְעַד־ט֑וֹב כִּֽי־שָׂנֵ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶת־אַמְנ֔וֹן עַל־דְּבַר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִנָּ֔ה אֵ֖ת תָּמָ֥ר אֲחֹתֽוֹ׃ פ | And Absalom did not speak with Amnon on bad or good terms, because Absalom hated Amnon, because of the fact that he had violated Tamar his sister. | on bad or good terms ← from bad and up to good. |
| 2 Sam 13:23 | וַֽיְהִי֙ לִשְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֤וּ גֹֽזְזִים֙ לְאַבְשָׁל֔וֹם בְּבַ֥עַל חָצ֖וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִם־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then it came to pass after two full years, when they were shearing for Absalom in Baal-Hazor, which is Ephraim's, that Absalom invited all the king's sons round. |
two full years ← two years of days.
which is Ephraim's ← which (is) with Ephraim. |
| 2 Sam 13:24 | וַיָּבֹ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־נָ֥א גֹזְזִ֖ים לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וַעֲבָדָ֖יו עִם־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And Absalom went to the king and said, “Look now, they are shearing for your servant. Please let the king and his servants come along with your servant.” | |
| 2 Sam 13:25 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם אַל־בְּנִי֙ אַל־נָ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א נִכְבַּ֖ד עָלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֛וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה לָלֶ֖כֶת וַֽיְבָרֲכֵֽהוּ׃ | But the king said to Absalom, “No, my son, let's not all go, so that we are not burdensome to you.” Then Absalom pressed him. However, the king was not willing to go, but he blessed him. |
no ← no, please.
however: adversative use of the vav. but (second occurrence in verse): adversative use of the vav, countervailing the preceding adversative clause. |
| 2 Sam 13:26 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וָלֹ֕א יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א אִתָּ֖נוּ אַמְנ֣וֹן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֥מָּה יֵלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And Absalom said, “Not you then. But do let Amnon my brother go with us.” But the king said to him, “Why should he go with you?” | |
| 2 Sam 13:27 | וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֖וֹ אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִתּוֹ֙ אֶת־אַמְנ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | But Absalom pressed him, and he let Amnon go with him, and all the king's sons. | |
| 2 Sam 13:28 | וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ | And Absalom commanded his servant-lads and said, “Now watch for when Amnon is light-hearted with wine, and when I say to you, ‘Strike Amnon’, you will kill him. Do not be afraid; have I not commanded you? Be strong and be bold.” | bold ← sons of valour. |
| 2 Sam 13:29 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְאַמְנ֔וֹן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ ׀ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיִּרְכְּב֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־פִּרְדּ֖וֹ וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ | And Absalom's servant-lads did to Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king's sons arose, and each rode on his mule, and they fled. | |
| 2 Sam 13:30 | וַֽיְהִי֙ הֵ֣מָּה בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהַשְּׁמֻעָ֣ה בָ֔אָה אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הִכָּ֤ה אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלֹֽא־נוֹתַ֥ר מֵהֶ֖ם אֶחָֽד׃ ס | And it came to pass, while they were on the road, that the rumour came to David as follows: “Absalom has struck down all the king's sons, and not one of them remains.” | as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Sam 13:31 | וַיָּ֧קָם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֥ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֖יו וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אָ֑רְצָה וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֥יו נִצָּבִ֖ים קְרֻעֵ֥י בְגָדִֽים׃ ס | And the king arose and tore his clothes and lay on the ground, and all his servants stood with torn clothes. | on the ground ← onto the ground. |
| 2 Sam 13:32 | וַיַּ֡עַן יוֹנָדָ֣ב ׀ בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֨ה אֲחִֽי־דָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־יֹאמַ֤ר אֲדֹנִי֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֵמִ֔יתוּ כִּֽי־אַמְנ֥וֹן לְבַדּ֖וֹ מֵ֑ת כִּֽי־עַל־פִּ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ הָיְתָ֣ה שׂוּמָ֔ה מִיּוֹם֙ עַנֹּת֔וֹ אֵ֖ת תָּמָ֥ר אֲחֹתֽוֹ׃ | But Jonadab, the son of Shimah David's brother, reacted and said, “Don't let my lord say that they have killed all the lads who are the king's sons, for only Amnon is dead, for this was plotted by Absalom from the day when Amnon violated Tamar his sister. |
Shimah: see 2 Sam 13:3.
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. plotted ← set by the mouth. |
| 2 Sam 13:33 | וְעַתָּ֡ה אַל־יָשֵׂם֩ אֲדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־לִבּוֹ֙ דָּבָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵ֑תוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אַמְנ֥וֹן לְבַדּ֖וֹ מֵֽת׃ פ | So now, don't let my lord the king take anything to heart, saying, ‘All the king's sons have died’, for only Amnon is dead.” | to heart ← to his heart. |
| 2 Sam 13:34 | וַיִּבְרַ֖ח אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיִּשָּׂ֞א הַנַּ֤עַר הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶת־*עינו **עֵינָ֔יו וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֨ה עַם־רַ֜ב הֹלְכִ֥ים מִדֶּ֛רֶךְ אַחֲרָ֖יו מִצַּ֥ד הָהָֽר׃ | And Absalom fled, and the young lad who kept watch lifted up his {Q: eyes} [K: eye] and saw that there was a large number of people following him on the road at the side of the mountain. |
there was ← and behold.
on the road at the side ← from the road from the side. |
| 2 Sam 13:35 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֽוֹנָדָב֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בָּ֑אוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר עַבְדְּךָ֖ כֵּ֥ן הָיָֽה׃ | And Jonadab said to the king, “Look, the king's sons have come. It is according to your servant's word.” | it is according to your servant's word ← as (is) the word of your servant, so it has become. |
| 2 Sam 13:36 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלֹּת֣וֹ לְדַבֵּ֗ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בָּ֔אוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ וְגַם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו בָּכ֕וּ בְּכִ֖י גָּד֥וֹל מְאֹֽד׃ | And it came to pass, when he had finished speaking, that indeed the king's sons came, and they raised their voices and wept, and the king and all his servants also wept very profusely. |
indeed ← behold.
very profusely ← with very great weeping. |
| 2 Sam 13:37 | וְאַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בָּרַ֔ח וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־תַּלְמַ֥י בֶּן־*עמיחור **עַמִּיה֖וּד מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּשׁ֑וּר וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And Absalom fled and went to Talmai the son of {Q: Ammihud} [K: Ammihur] king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day. | |
| 2 Sam 13:38 | וְאַבְשָׁל֥וֹם בָּרַ֖ח וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ גְּשׁ֑וּר וַיְהִי־שָׁ֖ם שָׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | So Absalom fled and went to Geshur, and he was there for three years. | |
| 2 Sam 13:39 | וַתְּכַל֙ דָּוִ֣ד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָצֵ֖את אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם כִּֽי־נִחַ֥ם עַל־אַמְנ֖וֹן כִּֽי־מֵֽת׃ ס | And David the king's whole being resolved to go out to Absalom, because he had been consoled about Amnon, for he was dead. |
whole being ← soul (by implication), because the verb is feminine. Compare Ps 16:2.
resolved ← consumed; determined; wasted (one's strength). We suggest in a hostile sense; see the next chapter. |
| 2 Sam 14:1 | וַיֵּ֖דַע יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרֻיָ֑ה כִּֽי־לֵ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And Joab the son of Zeruiah became aware that the king's heart was against Absalom. | against: AV differs (toward), reading אֶל for עַל, which is possible, but Joab's plot is to persuade David to have Absalom brought back to Jerusalem and to be reconciled to him. |
| 2 Sam 14:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יוֹאָב֙ תְּק֔וֹעָה וַיִּקַּ֥ח מִשָּׁ֖ם אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲכָמָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לֶיהָ הִֽתְאַבְּלִי־נָ֞א וְלִבְשִׁי־נָ֣א בִגְדֵי־אֵ֗בֶל וְאַל־תָּס֙וּכִי֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְהָיִ֕ית כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה זֶ֚ה יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת עַל־מֵֽת׃ | And Joab sent messengers to Tekoa, and he brought a wise woman from there, and he said to her, “Pretend to mourn, would you, and dress in mourning clothes, and do not anoint yourself with oil, so that you are like a woman who has been mourning for one deceased for many days now. |
Tekoa ← Tekoah here, but we take the hé as a locative ending. Elsewhere Tekoa.
pretend to mourn: hithpael for feigning. See Gen 42:7. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 14:3 | וּבָאת֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְדִבַּ֥רְתְּ אֵלָ֖יו כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיָּ֧שֶׂם יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים בְּפִֽיהָ׃ | And go to the king and speak to him with these words ...” And Joab put the words in her mouth. | with these words ← according to this word. |
| 2 Sam 14:4 | וַ֠תֹּאמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֤ה הַתְּקֹעִית֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתִּפֹּ֧ל עַל־אַפֶּ֛יהָ אַ֖רְצָה וַתִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר הוֹשִׁ֥עָה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And the Tekoan woman spoke to the king, and she fell face down to the ground, and she prostrated herself, and she said, “O king, help.” |
face down ← on her face.
help ← save. |
| 2 Sam 14:5 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־לָּ֑ךְ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲבָ֛ל אִשָּֽׁה־אַלְמָנָ֥ה אָ֖נִי וַיָּ֥מָת אִישִֽׁי׃ | And the king said to her, “What is the matter?” And she said, “I am truly a widow and my husband has died. |
what is the matter? ← what to you?
truly: perhaps a play on words – consonantally both truly and mourning. widow ← widow woman. |
| 2 Sam 14:6 | וּלְשִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים וַיִּנָּצ֤וּ שְׁנֵיהֶם֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל בֵּֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּכּ֧וֹ הָאֶחָ֛ד אֶת־הָאֶחָ֖ד וַיָּ֥מֶת אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And your maidservant had two sons, and the two of them argued in the field, and there was no-one to separate them, and one struck the other and killed him. | separate ← deliver between. |
| 2 Sam 14:7 | וְהִנֵּה֩ קָ֨מָה כָֽל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֜ה עַל־שִׁפְחָתֶ֗ךָ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ תְּנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־מַכֵּ֣ה אָחִ֗יו וּנְמִתֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ אָחִיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָרָ֔ג וְנַשְׁמִ֖ידָה גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַיּוֹרֵ֑שׁ וְכִבּ֗וּ אֶת־גַּֽחַלְתִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאָ֔רָה לְבִלְתִּ֧י *שום־**שִׂים־לְאִישִׁ֛י שֵׁ֥ם וּשְׁאֵרִ֖ית עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ פ | And look what happened: the whole family rose up against your maidservant and said, ‘Give us the one who struck his brother down, so we can put him to death for the life of his brother whom he killed, and we will also destroy the heir.’ And so they would extinguish the burning coal which remains to me, so not establishing a name or a remnant to my husband on the face of the earth.” |
establishing: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
life ← soul. also: perhaps translate in so doing. the burning coal which remains to me ← my burning coal which remains. |
| 2 Sam 14:8 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לְכִ֣י לְבֵיתֵ֑ךְ וַאֲנִ֖י אֲצַוֶּ֥ה עָלָֽיִךְ׃ | Then the king said to the woman, “Go to your house, and I will issue commands concerning you.” | |
| 2 Sam 14:9 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֤ה הַתְּקוֹעִית֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עָלַ֞י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ הֶעָוֺ֖ן וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וְהַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְכִסְא֖וֹ נָקִֽי׃ ס | Then the Tekoan woman said to the king, “O my lord the king, let the iniquity be on me and my father's house, and let the king and his throne be guiltless.” | |
| 2 Sam 14:10 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ הַֽמְדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ וַֽהֲבֵאת֣וֹ אֵלַ֔י וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד לָגַ֥עַת בָּֽךְ׃ | And the king said, “If anyone speaks to you, then have him brought to me, and he shall no longer unsettle you.” |
have him brought ← ring him, but as the verb is already hiphil, it must do duty for a causative sense.
unsettle ← touch, meddle, strike. |
| 2 Sam 14:11 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ יִזְכָּר־נָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ *מהרבית **מֵהַרְבַּ֞ת גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ לְשַׁחֵ֔ת וְלֹ֥א יַשְׁמִ֖ידוּ אֶת־בְּנִ֑י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה אִם־יִפֹּ֛ל מִשַּׂעֲרַ֥ת בְּנֵ֖ךְ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And she said, “Do let the king remember the Lord your God by not giving free rein to the avenger of blood to destroy, so that they do not destroy my son.” And he said, “As the Lord lives, not a hair of your son will fall to the ground.” |
by not giving free rein ← from increasing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
not a hair ← if a hair. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Sam 14:12 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה תְּדַבֶּר־נָ֧א שִׁפְחָתְךָ֛ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָ֑ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר דַּבֵּֽרִי׃ ס | And the woman said, “Do let your maidservant speak a word to my lord the king.” And he said, “Speak.” | |
| 2 Sam 14:13 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וְלָ֧מָּה חָשַׁ֛בְתָּה כָּזֹ֖את עַל־עַ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֑ים וּמִדַּבֵּ֨ר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ כְּאָשֵׁ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֛י הָשִׁ֥יב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶֽת־נִדְּחֽוֹ׃ | And the woman said, “Now why did you scheme like this against the people of God, and with the king not speaking on this matter he is guilty, in that the king has not brought his banished son back. |
scheme ← think, but also in a negative sense.
not speaking ← from speaking. See [AnLx] under מִן, VII (c) and VIII for use as a negative. guilty ← as guilty. |
| 2 Sam 14:14 | כִּי־מ֣וֹת נָמ֔וּת וְכַמַּ֙יִם֙ הַנִּגָּרִ֣ים אַ֔רְצָה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑פוּ וְלֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְחָשַׁב֙ מַֽחֲשָׁב֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֛י יִדַּ֥ח מִמֶּ֖נּוּ נִדָּֽח׃ | For we will certainly die, and we are like water being poured onto the ground, which cannot be gathered up, and God is not partial, but he designs ways by which he who is banished is not banished from him. |
we will certainly die: infinitive absolute.
is not partial ← does not take up a soul. designs ways ← thinks thoughts. |
| 2 Sam 14:15 | וְ֠עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜אתִי לְדַבֵּ֨ר אֶל־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲדֹנִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֥י יֵֽרְאֻ֖נִי הָעָ֑ם וַתֹּ֤אמֶר שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ אֲדַבְּרָה־נָּ֣א אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר אֲמָתֽוֹ׃ | But now that I have come to speak these words to my lord the king – for the people frighten me – your maidservant said to herself, ‘Let me then speak to the king; perhaps the king will act on the case of his maidservant. |
these words ← this word.
case ← word. |
| 2 Sam 14:16 | כִּ֚י יִשְׁמַ֣ע הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶת־אֲמָת֖וֹ מִכַּ֣ף הָאִ֑ישׁ לְהַשְׁמִ֨יד אֹתִ֤י וְאֶת־בְּנִי֙ יַ֔חַד מִֽנַּחֲלַ֖ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | For the king will hear me, so delivering his maidservant from the hand of the man intent on eliminating me and my son together from an inheritance from God.’ | from God ← of God. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Sam 14:17 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שִׁפְחָ֣תְךָ֔ יִֽהְיֶה־נָּ֛א דְּבַר־אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לִמְנוּחָ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים כֵּ֣ן אֲדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ הַטּ֣וֹב וְהָרָ֔ע וַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהִ֥י עִמָּֽךְ׃ פ | Then your maidservant said, ‘Let the words of my lord the king be settled, for my lord the king is like an angel of God in assessing good and evil.’ And may the Lord your God be with you.” |
words ← word.
be settled ← become rest. assessing ← to hear. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 14:18 | וַיַּ֣עַן הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אַל־נָ֨א תְכַחֲדִ֤י מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ דָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁאֵ֣ל אֹתָ֑ךְ וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה יְדַבֶּר־נָ֖א אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the king answered and said to the woman, “Please do not conceal anything from me which I am asking you about.” And the woman said, “Let my lord the king speak.” | |
| 2 Sam 14:19 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲיַ֥ד יוֹאָ֛ב אִתָּ֖ךְ בְּכָל־זֹ֑את וַתַּ֣עַן הָאִשָּׁ֣ה וַתֹּ֡אמֶר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֩ אֲדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אִם־אִ֣שׁ ׀ לְהֵמִ֣ין וּלְהַשְׂמִ֗יל מִכֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־עַבְדְּךָ֤ יוֹאָב֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔נִי וְה֗וּא שָׂ֚ם בְּפִ֣י שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֔ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And the king said, “Is Joab's hand with you in all this?” And the woman answered and said, “By your own life, my lord the king, no-one can possibly deviate to the right or to the left from anything that my lord the king has said, for your servant Joab did command me, and he put all these words in the mouth of your maidservant. |
your own life ← the life of your soul.
can possibly deviate: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. anything ← everything. |
| 2 Sam 14:20 | לְבַעֲב֤וּר סַבֵּב֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י הַדָּבָ֔ר עָשָׂ֛ה עַבְדְּךָ֥ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַאדֹנִ֣י חָכָ֗ם כְּחָכְמַת֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים לָדַ֖עַת אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | Your servant Joab did this thing so as to raise the issue in a roundabout way, and my lord is wise as if with the wisdom of an angel of God in knowing everything on earth.” |
to raise the issue in a roundabout way ← to encircle the face of the thing.
in knowing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 14:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב הִנֵּה־נָ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֵ֛ךְ הָשֵׁ֥ב אֶת־הַנַּ֖עַר אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then the king said to Joab, “Here you are, I have settled this matter, so go and bring the lad, Absalom, back.” |
here you are ← behold please.
settled this matter ← done this thing. |
| 2 Sam 14:22 | וַיִּפֹּל֩ יוֹאָ֨ב אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֡ב הַיּוֹם֩ יָדַ֨ע עַבְדְּךָ֜ כִּי־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר *עבדו **עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | At this Joab fell face down to the ground and prostrated himself, and he blessed the king, and Joab said, “Today your servant knows that I have found favour in your sight, O my lord the king, in that the king has acted on the concern of {K: his} [Q: your] servant.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
face down ← on his face. acted on the concern of ← done the matter of. |
| 2 Sam 14:23 | וַיָּ֥קָם יוֹאָ֖ב וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ גְּשׁ֑וּרָה וַיָּבֵ֥א אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | Then Joab arose and went to Geshur and brought Absalom to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Sam 14:24 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ יִסֹּ֣ב אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וּפָנַ֖י לֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֑ה וַיִּסֹּ֤ב אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וּפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א רָאָֽה׃ ס | And the king said, “Let him wend his way to his house, but don't let him see my face.” So Absalom wended his way to his house, but he did not see the king's face. | wend his way ... wended his way ← turn round ... turned round. |
| 2 Sam 14:25 | וּכְאַבְשָׁל֗וֹם לֹא־הָיָ֧ה אִישׁ־יָפֶ֛ה בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַלֵּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד מִכַּ֤ף רַגְלוֹ֙ וְעַ֣ד קָדְקֳד֔וֹ לֹא־הָ֥יָה ב֖וֹ מֽוּם׃ | Now in all Israel there wasn't a man so highly celebrated for his good looks as Absalom – there was no blemish on him from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head, | so highly celebrated for his good looks ← fair to praise much. |
| 2 Sam 14:26 | וּֽבְגַלְּחוֹ֮ אֶת־רֹאשׁוֹ֒ וְֽ֠הָיָה מִקֵּ֨ץ יָמִ֤ים ׀ לַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְגַלֵּ֔חַ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו וְגִלְּח֑וֹ וְשָׁקַל֙ אֶת־שְׂעַ֣ר רֹאשׁ֔וֹ מָאתַ֥יִם שְׁקָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥בֶן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | and when he shaved his head – and it was at the end of each year that he would shave it, for it was heavy on him, so he shaved it – he weighed the hair of his head: two hundred shekels according to the king's weight. |
the end of each year ← from the end of days to days. The plural “days” sometimes stands for a year. See 1 Sam 1:21 and [AnLx].
weight ← stone. |
| 2 Sam 14:27 | וַיִּֽוָּלְד֤וּ לְאַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ שְׁלוֹשָׁ֣ה בָנִ֔ים וּבַ֥ת אַחַ֖ת וּשְׁמָ֣הּ תָּמָ֑ר הִ֣יא הָיְתָ֔ה אִשָּׁ֖ה יְפַ֥ת מַרְאֶֽה׃ פ | And three sons were born to Absalom, and one daughter whose name was Tamar. She was a woman of beautiful appearance. | |
| 2 Sam 14:28 | וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב אַבְשָׁל֛וֹם בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם שְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֑ים וּפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א רָאָֽה׃ | And Absalom resided in Jerusalem for two full years, and he did not see the king's face. | for two full years ← two years (in) days. |
| 2 Sam 14:29 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אַבְשָׁל֜וֹם אֶל־יוֹאָ֗ב לִשְׁלֹ֤חַ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לָב֣וֹא אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח עוֹד֙ שֵׁנִ֔ית וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לָבֽוֹא׃ | And Absalom contacted Joab in order that he might send Joab to the king, but he was not willing to come to him. So he contacted him again – a second time – but he was not willing to come. |
he might send Joab ← he might send him, i.e. Absalom might send Joab (with a message), as is seen from 2 Sam 14:32.
contacted (2x) ← sent to. |
| 2 Sam 14:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָ֜יו רְאוּ֩ חֶלְקַ֨ת יוֹאָ֤ב אֶל־יָדִי֙ וְלוֹ־שָׁ֣ם שְׂעֹרִ֔ים לְכ֖וּ *והוצתיה **וְהַצִּית֣וּהָ בָאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּצִּ֜תוּ עַבְדֵ֧י אַבְשָׁל֛וֹם אֶת־הַחֶלְקָ֖ה בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ פ | So he said to his servants, “Look, there is an estate of Joab's next to mine, where he has barley. Go and set it on fire.” So Absalom's servants set the estate on fire. |
set it on fire: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
mine ← me. |
| 2 Sam 14:31 | וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו לָ֣מָּה הִצִּ֧יתוּ עֲבָדֶ֛ךָ אֶת־הַחֶלְקָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֖י בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | At this Joab arose and went to Absalom at his house, and he said to him, “Why have your servants set my estate on fire?” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
at his house ← to (his) house. |
| 2 Sam 14:32 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם אֶל־יוֹאָ֡ב הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר בֹּ֣א הֵ֠נָּה וְאֶשְׁלְחָה֩ אֹתְךָ֨ אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֗ר לָ֤מָּה בָּ֙אתִי֙ מִגְּשׁ֔וּר ט֥וֹב לִ֖י עֹ֣ד אֲנִי־שָׁ֑ם וְעַתָּ֗ה אֶרְאֶה֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאִם־יֶשׁ־בִּ֥י עָוֺ֖ן וֶהֱמִתָֽנִי׃ | And Absalom said to Joab, “Look, I contacted you and said, ‘Come here and let me send you to the king with the words, «Why have I come from Geshur? It would have been better for me to still be there.» ’ So now, let me see the king's face, and if there is any iniquity in me, let him put me to death.” |
contacted ← sent to.
with the words ← saying. |
| 2 Sam 14:33 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יוֹאָ֣ב אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֨חוּ ל֧וֹ עַל־אַפָּ֛יו אַ֖רְצָה לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשַּׁ֥ק הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְאַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ פ | Then Joab went to the king and told him this. Then the king called for Absalom, and he came to the king, and he prostrated himself to him face down to the ground before the king. And the king kissed Absalom. | face down ← on his face. |
| 2 Sam 15:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לוֹ֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה וְסֻסִ֑ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass after that, that Absalom acquired chariots and horses and fifty men who ran before him. | acquired ← made for himself. |
| 2 Sam 15:2 | וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And Absalom rose early and stood at the side of the road at the gate. And whenever any man who had a dispute was about to go to the king for a verdict, Absalom would call to him and ask, “From which city are you?” And he would reply, “Your servant is from one of the tribes of Israel.” |
the road at ← the road of. Wider use of the construct state.
ask ... reply ← say ... say. |
| 2 Sam 15:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם רְאֵ֥ה דְבָרֶ֖ךָ טוֹבִ֣ים וּנְכֹחִ֑ים וְשֹׁמֵ֥עַ אֵין־לְךָ֖ מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Absalom would say to him, “Look, your contentions are right and proper, but you do not have anyone from the king to hear you.” | your contentions are right and proper ← your words (are) good and right. |
| 2 Sam 15:4 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְעָלַ֗י יָב֥וֹא כָּל־אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִ֥יב וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְהִצְדַּקְתִּֽיו׃ | And Absalom would say, “If only I were appointed a judge in the land! Then everyone who has a dispute or a lawsuit would come to me, and I would do him justice.” |
if only I were appointed ← who will appoint me? Idiomatic; compare Ex 16:3, Num 11:29, Deut 5:29 etc.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. do him justice ← justify him. |
| 2 Sam 15:5 | וְהָיָה֙ בִּקְרָב־אִ֔ישׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת ל֑וֹ וְשָׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק ל֖וֹ וְנָ֥שַׁק לֽוֹ׃ | And it would come to pass, when a man approached to prostrate himself to him, that he would stretch out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him. | stretch out ← send. |
| 2 Sam 15:6 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַבְשָׁל֜וֹם כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֥אוּ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְגַנֵּב֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶת־לֵ֖ב אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Absalom acted in this way towards all of Israel that came to the king for judgment, and Absalom stole the heart of the men of Israel. | in this way ← according to this word. |
| 2 Sam 15:7 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֛ם אֶת־נִדְרִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־נָדַ֥רְתִּי לַֽיהוָ֖ה בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And it came to pass after forty years that Absalom said to the king, “Please let me go to pay my vow in Hebron which I made to the Lord. |
after ← at the end of.
made ← vowed. |
| 2 Sam 15:8 | כִּי־נֵ֙דֶר֙ נָדַ֣ר עַבְדְּךָ֔ בְּשִׁבְתִּ֥י בִגְשׁ֛וּר בַּאֲרָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־*ישיב **יָשׁ֨וֹב יְשִׁיבֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעָבַדְתִּ֖י אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | For your servant made a vow when I lived in Geshur in Aramaea and said, ‘If the Lord decidedly brings me back to Jerusalem, then I will serve the Lord.’ ” |
decidedly brings me back: the ketiv would have to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. The construction is with an irregular infinitive absolute (הָשֵׁב expected), under ↴
made ← vowed. |
| 2 Sam 15:9 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ חֶבְרֽוֹנָה׃ פ | And the king said to him, “Go in peace.” So he arose and went to Hebron. | ↳ influence of the root ישׁב, hiphil= to settle. |
| 2 Sam 15:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֔ים בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם מָלַ֥ךְ אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | Then Absalom sent spies among all the tribes of Israel and said, “When you hear the sound of the ramshorn, you will say, ‘Absalom reigns in Hebron.’ ” | |
| 2 Sam 15:11 | וְאֶת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם הָלְכ֞וּ מָאתַ֤יִם אִישׁ֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם קְרֻאִ֖ים וְהֹלְכִ֣ים לְתֻמָּ֑ם וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃ | And with Absalom went two hundred men from Jerusalem, who were called up, but who went in their naivety, and who didn't know anything. | anything ← every thing. |
| 2 Sam 15:12 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אַ֠בְשָׁלוֹם אֶת־אֲחִיתֹ֨פֶל הַגִּֽילֹנִ֜י יוֹעֵ֣ץ דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ מִגִּלֹ֔ה בְּזָבְח֖וֹ אֶת־הַזְּבָחִ֑ים וַיְהִ֤י הַקֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ אַמִּ֔ץ וְהָעָ֛ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָרָ֖ב אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And Absalom sent Ahithophel the Gilonite, an adviser to David, from his city – from Giloh – while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was powerful, and the people who were with Absalom became more and more numerous. | offered ← sacrificed. |
| 2 Sam 15:13 | וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּגִּ֔יד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הָיָ֛ה לֶב־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then an informant came to David and said, “The heart of the men of Israel is behind Absalom.” | an informant ← the informant. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Sam 15:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּ֠וִד לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֨יו אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ ק֣וּמוּ וְנִבְרָ֔חָה כִּ֛י לֹא־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם מַהֲר֣וּ לָלֶ֗כֶת פֶּן־יְמַהֵ֤ר וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ וְהִדִּ֤יחַ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וְהִכָּ֥ה הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ | At this David said to all his servants who were with him in Jerusalem, “Get up and let us flee, for we won't be left with a survivor in confronting Absalom. Get going quickly or he will quickly catch up with us and bring disaster on us and strike the city with the blade of the sword.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
be left with a survivor ← have an escaped remnant. in confronting ← from facing. get going quickly ← be quick to go. bring disaster ← thrust evil. |
| 2 Sam 15:15 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ עַבְדֵֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כְּכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֛ר אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ | And the king's servants said to the king, “Whatever my lord the king chooses to do, here we are as your servants.” |
whatever ← according to everything.
here we are ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 15:16 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶ֧שֶׂר נָשִׁ֛ים פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים לִשְׁמֹ֥ר הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And the king departed, and all his household went in his footsteps, and the king left the ten concubine ladies to keep the house. | footsteps ← feet. |
| 2 Sam 15:17 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּרְחָֽק׃ | So the king departed with all the people in his footsteps, and they stopped at a remote house. |
with ← and.
footsteps ← feet. a remote house: [CB] regards the words as a proper name, Beth-hammerhak. |
| 2 Sam 15:18 | וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים עַל־יָד֔וֹ וְכָל־הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְכָל־הַפְּלֵתִ֑י וְכָֽל־הַגִּתִּ֞ים שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤אוּ בְרַגְלוֹ֙ מִגַּ֔ת עֹבְרִ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And all his servants crossed over next to him, as did all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites. Six hundred men who had followed in his footsteps from Gath crossed over alongside the king. | followed in his footsteps ← came at his feet. |
| 2 Sam 15:19 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י לָ֧מָּה תֵלֵ֛ךְ גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ שׁ֣וּב וְשֵׁ֤ב עִם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כִּֽי־נָכְרִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וְגַם־גֹּלֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה לִמְקוֹמֶֽךָ׃ | And the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why are you too going with us? Go back and stay with the king, for you are a foreigner and an exile from your place. |
and an exile ← and also an exile.
from your place ← of your place. |
| 2 Sam 15:20 | תְּמ֣וֹל ׀ בּוֹאֶ֗ךָ וְהַיּ֞וֹם *אנועך **אֲנִֽיעֲךָ֤ עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת וַאֲנִ֣י הוֹלֵ֔ךְ עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֖י הוֹלֵ֑ךְ שׁ֣וּב וְהָשֵׁ֧ב אֶת־אַחֶ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ | You arrived yesterday, so should I cause you to wander around today in going with us? For I am going wherever I may go. Go back and take your brothers back. May kindness and truth be with you.” |
should I cause you to wander around: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form (qal, but with a hiphil sense) of the qeré.
in going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 15:21 | וַיַּ֧עַן אִתַּ֛י אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֗ה וְחֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֠י אִם־בִּמְק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אִם־לְמָ֙וֶת֙ אִם־לְחַיִּ֔ים כִּי־שָׁ֖ם יִהְיֶ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | But Ittai answered the king and said, “As the Lord lives and by the life of my lord the king, wherever my lord the king may be – whether in death or in life – there your servant will certainly be.” |
wherever ← in a place that.
certainly: expressed by כִּי ... כִּי. |
| 2 Sam 15:22 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־אִתַּ֖י לֵ֣ךְ וַעֲבֹ֑ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֞ר אִתַּ֤י הַגִּתִּי֙ וְכָל־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו וְכָל־הַטַּ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | But David said to Ittai, “Go and cross back over.” So Ittai the Gittite crossed back over, with all his men and all the children who were with him. | |
| 2 Sam 15:23 | וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בּוֹכִים֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And the whole land wept with a loud voice, and all the people crossed over, and the king crossed over at the Kidron Brook, and all the people crossed over along the road through the desert. | |
| 2 Sam 15:24 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה גַם־צָד֜וֹק וְכָֽל־הַלְוִיִּ֣ם אִתּ֗וֹ נֹֽשְׂאִים֙ אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיַּצִּ֙קוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיַּ֖עַל אֶבְיָתָ֑ר עַד־תֹּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַעֲב֥וֹר מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | And there were also Zadok and all the Levites with him, carrying the ark of the covenant of God, and they put the ark of God down, and Abiathar offered burnt offerings, until all the people from the city had finished crossing over. |
there were ← behold.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 2 Sam 15:25 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְצָד֔וֹק הָשֵׁ֛ב אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הָעִ֑יר אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וֶהֱשִׁבַ֕נִי וְהִרְאַ֥נִי אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־נָוֵֽהוּ׃ | And the king said to Zadok, “Take the ark of God back to the city. If I find grace in the Lord's eyes, he will bring me back and show me it and his dwelling place. | |
| 2 Sam 15:26 | וְאִם֙ כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֔ר לֹ֥א חָפַ֖צְתִּי בָּ֑ךְ הִנְנִ֕י יַֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר ט֖וֹב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ ס | But if he says this: ‘I do not take pleasure in you’, then here I am; let him do to me whatever is right in his sight.” |
this ← thus.
here I am ← behold me. whatever ← as what. right ← good. |
| 2 Sam 15:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־צָד֣וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֔ן הֲרוֹאֶ֣ה אַתָּ֔ה שֻׁ֥בָה הָעִ֖יר בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וַאֲחִימַ֨עַץ בִּנְךָ֜ וִיהוֹנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֛ר שְׁנֵ֥י בְנֵיכֶ֖ם אִתְּכֶֽם׃ | And the king said to Zadok the priest, “Are you a seer? Go back to the city in peace with Ahimaaz your son and Jonathan Abiathar's son – your two sons with you. |
with Ahimaaz ← and Ahimaaz.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. your two sons with you: you and your are plural. |
| 2 Sam 15:28 | רְאוּ֙ אָנֹכִ֣י מִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ *בעברות **בְּעַֽרְב֖וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַ֣ד בּ֥וֹא דָבָ֛ר מֵעִמָּכֶ֖ם לְהַגִּ֥יד לִֽי׃ | Look, I will wait {K: at the crossings in} [Q: in the arid tracts of] the desert until word comes from you to inform me.” | at the crossings in: (in the ketiv) wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Sam 15:29 | וַיָּ֨שֶׁב צָד֧וֹק וְאֶבְיָתָ֛ר אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃ | So Zadok and Abiathar brought the ark of God back to Jerusalem, and they stayed there. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 2 Sam 15:30 | וְדָוִ֡ד עֹלֶה֩ בְמַעֲלֵ֨ה הַזֵּיתִ֜ים עֹלֶ֣ה ׀ וּבוֹכֶ֗ה וְרֹ֥אשׁ לוֹ֙ חָפ֔וּי וְה֖וּא הֹלֵ֣ךְ יָחֵ֑ף וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ חָפוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְעָל֥וּ עָלֹ֖ה וּבָכֹֽה׃ | And David went up by the ascent of the Olives, weeping as he went up, with his head covered, and he went barefoot. And of all the people who were with him, each one covered his head, and they went up weeping as they did so. | they went up weeping as they did so ← they went up going up and weeping. Infinitive absolute of both verbs. |
| 2 Sam 15:31 | וְדָוִד֙ הִגִּ֣יד לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲחִיתֹ֥פֶל בַּקֹּשְׁרִ֖ים עִם־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד סַכֶּל־נָ֛א אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל יְהוָֽה׃ | Then David received a report which said, “Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.” And David said, “O Lord, please frustrate Ahithophel's plan.” |
David received a report ← David reported, or, fitting the context, (as for) David, (one) reported, from which our translation.
frustrate ← make foolish. plan ← counsel. |
| 2 Sam 15:32 | וַיְהִ֤י דָוִד֙ בָּ֣א עַד־הָרֹ֔אשׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וְהִנֵּ֤ה לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ חוּשַׁ֣י הָאַרְכִּ֔י קָר֙וּעַ֙ כֻּתָּנְתּ֔וֹ וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | Then when David was going to the summit where he worshipped God, it so happened that Hushai the Archite came towards him with his tunic torn and soil on his head. | it so happened that ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 15:33 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ דָּוִ֑ד אִ֚ם עָבַ֣רְתָּ אִתִּ֔י וְהָיִ֥תָ עָלַ֖י לְמַשָּֽׂא׃ | And David said to him, “If you come over with me, you will be a burden to me. | |
| 2 Sam 15:34 | וְאִם־הָעִ֣יר תָּשׁ֗וּב וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ לְאַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ עַבְדְּךָ֨ אֲנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה עֶ֣בֶד אָבִ֤יךָ וַֽאֲנִי֙ מֵאָ֔ז וְעַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנִ֣י עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְהֵפַרְתָּ֣ה לִ֔י אֵ֖ת עֲצַ֥ת אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃ | But if you go back to the city and say to Absalom, ‘O king, I will be your servant; I was your father's servant, and as I was then, so now I am your servant’, then you will frustrate Ahithophel's plan for me. |
then ← from then.
plan ← counsel. |
| 2 Sam 15:35 | וַהֲל֤וֹא עִמְּךָ֙ שָׁ֔ם צָד֥וֹק וְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר הַכֹּהֲנִ֑ים וְהָיָ֗ה כָּל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּשְׁמַע֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ תַּגִּ֕יד לְצָד֥וֹק וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | For will not Zadok and Abiathar the priests be there with you? And it will come to pass that you will tell Zadok and Abiathar the priests everything you hear from the king's house. | Abiathar (2x): see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 2 Sam 15:36 | הִנֵּה־שָׁ֤ם עִמָּם֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵיהֶ֔ם אֲחִימַ֣עַץ לְצָד֔וֹק וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן לְאֶבְיָתָ֑ר וּשְׁלַחְתֶּ֤ם בְּיָדָם֙ אֵלַ֔י כָּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ | Moreover their two sons are there with them – Ahimaaz Zadok's and Jonathan Abiathar's – and you will send word to me through their intermediacy of everything you hear.” |
moreover ← behold.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Sam 15:37 | וַיָּבֹ֥א חוּשַׁ֛י רֵעֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד הָעִ֑יר וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם יָבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | So Hushai David's friend went to the city, and Absalom arrived in Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Sam 16:1 | וְדָוִ֗ד עָבַ֤ר מְעַט֙ מֵֽהָרֹ֔אשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה צִיבָ֛א נַ֥עַר מְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁת לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וְצֶ֨מֶד חֲמֹרִ֜ים חֲבֻשִׁ֗ים וַעֲלֵיהֶם֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּמֵאָ֧ה צִמּוּקִ֛ים וּמֵ֥אָה קַ֖יִץ וְנֵ֥בֶל יָֽיִן׃ | Then when David had moved on a little from the summit, he saw Ziba, Mephibosheth's servant-lad coming towards him, and a pair of donkeys pack-saddled with two hundred loaves of bread on them and one hundred cakes of raisins and one hundred summer fruits and a skin-bottle of wine. | he saw ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 16:2 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־צִיבָ֖א מָה־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר צִ֠יבָא הַחֲמוֹרִ֨ים לְבֵית־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לִרְכֹּ֗ב *ולהלחם **וְהַלֶּ֤חֶם וְהַקַּ֙יִץ֙ לֶאֱכ֣וֹל הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְהַיַּ֕יִן לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת הַיָּעֵ֖ף בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And the king said to Ziba, “What are these things of yours?” And Ziba said, “The donkeys are for the king's household to ride on, {Q: and the bread} [K: and for the bread], and the summer fruits are for the lads to eat, and the wine is for anyone weary in the desert to drink.” | The ketiv reading we have given is irregular (no contraction of preposition and the article). Alternatively the ketiv could be read as and to fight (from). |
| 2 Sam 16:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאַיֵּ֖ה בֶּן־אֲדֹנֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר צִיבָ֜א אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הִנֵּה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר הַיּ֗וֹם יָשִׁ֤יבוּ לִי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת מַמְלְכ֥וּת אָבִֽי׃ | Then the king said, “And where is your master's son?” And Ziba said to the king, “Well now, he is staying in Jerusalem, for he said, ‘Today the house of Israel will restore my father's kingdom to me.’ ” |
your master's son: i.e. Saul's grandson, Jonathan's son, Mephibosheth.
Ziba said: we agree with [CB] that this was slander against Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth presents his ↴ well now ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 16:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְצִבָ֔א הִנֵּ֣ה לְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִמְפִי־בֹ֑שֶׁת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר צִיבָא֙ הִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֔יתִי אֶמְצָא־חֵ֥ן בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king said to Ziba, “Look, everything which was Mephibosheth's is yours.” And Ziba said, “I am humbled in that I find grace in your sight, my lord the king.” |
↳ side of the story, which is much more credible, in 2 Sam 19:25 (2 Sam 19:24AV) - 2 Sam 19:30 (2 Sam 19:29AV).
am humbled ← prostrate myself. |
| 2 Sam 16:5 | וּבָ֛א הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד עַד־בַּֽחוּרִ֑ים וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשָּׁם֩ אִ֨ישׁ יוֹצֵ֜א מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת בֵּית־שָׁא֗וּל וּשְׁמוֹ֙ שִׁמְעִ֣י בֶן־גֵּרָ֔א יֹצֵ֥א יָצ֖וֹא וּמְקַלֵּֽל׃ | Then when King David was approaching Bahurim, he saw a man of the family of the house of Saul coming out from there, whose name was Shimei the son of Gera, cursing incessantly as he came out. |
he saw ← behold.
Shimei ← Shim'i, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Compare Ex 6:17. See Gen 31:21. cursing incessantly as he came out ← coming out coming out and cursing. Infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 16:6 | וַיְסַקֵּ֤ל בָּֽאֲבָנִים֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וְאֶת־כָּל־עַבְדֵ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ וְכָל־הַגִּבֹּרִ֔ים מִימִינ֖וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ | And he threw stones at David and all King David's servants, and at all the people, and at all the warriors, to the right and to the left. |
threw stones ← pelted with stones.
to the right and to the left: more loosely, left, right and centre. |
| 2 Sam 16:7 | וְכֹֽה־אָמַ֥ר שִׁמְעִ֖י בְּקַֽלְל֑וֹ צֵ֥א צֵ֛א אִ֥ישׁ הַדָּמִ֖ים וְאִ֥ישׁ הַבְּלִיָּֽעַל׃ | And this is what Shimei said in his cursing: “Come out, come out, you man of blood and useless man. |
this is what ← thus.
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 2 Sam 16:8 | הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃ | The Lord has requited you all the blood of the house of Saul in whose place you have reigned, but the Lord has put the kingdom in the house of Absalom your son, and here you are in your plight, because you are a man of blood.” |
in whose place: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning, as in 2 Sam 2:23.
here you are ← behold you. |
| 2 Sam 16:9 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֣מָּה יְקַלֵּ֞ל הַכֶּ֤לֶב הַמֵּת֙ הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֖א וְאָסִ֥ירָה אֶת־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ ס | At this Abishai the son of Zeruiah said to the king, “Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? Please let me go over and remove his head.” | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 16:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַה־לִּ֥י וְלָכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י צְרֻיָ֑ה *כי **כֹּ֣ה יְקַלֵּ֗ל *וכי **כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אָ֤מַר לוֹ֙ קַלֵּ֣ל אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וּמִ֣י יֹאמַ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ עָשִׂ֥יתָה כֵּֽן׃ ס | But the king said, “What does it matter to me and to you, you sons of Zeruiah, {K: if he curses and if} [Q: let him so curse, for] the Lord has said to him, ‘Curse David’? So who can say, ‘Why have you done this?’?” |
why have you: a formula for criticism. See 2 Sam 3:7 - 2 Sam 3:8.
this ← so. |
| 2 Sam 16:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ | And David said to Abishai and to all his servants, “Look, my son who came out of my inward parts is seeking my life. So now, how much more may this Benjaminite? Leave him to curse, for so the Lord has said to him. |
inward parts ← bowels.
life ← soul. |
| 2 Sam 16:12 | אוּלַ֛י יִרְאֶ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה *בעוני **בְּעֵינִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֨יב יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ טוֹבָ֔ה תַּ֥חַת קִלְלָת֖וֹ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | It may be that the Lord will look {P: with his eye,} [K: at my iniquity,] [Q: in my eye,] and that the Lord will render me good for that man's cursing this day.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= בעינו. AV differs, reading the ketiv, but from עֳנִי, ‘oni, affliction, which is possible, but the full holem is exceptional.
that man's ← his. |
| 2 Sam 16:13 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֖יו בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ ס וְשִׁמְעִ֡י הֹלֵךְ֩ בְּצֵ֨לַע הָהָ֜ר לְעֻמָּת֗וֹ הָלוֹךְ֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל וַיְסַקֵּ֤ל בָּֽאֲבָנִים֙ לְעֻמָּת֔וֹ וְעִפַּ֖ר בֶּעָפָֽר׃ פ | And David and his men went on their way, while Shimei went on the mountain flank opposite him, cursing as he went and throwing stones at him, and throwing soil. |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
as he went: infinitive absolute. throwing stones: see 2 Sam 16:6. soil ← dust, but also earth. |
| 2 Sam 16:14 | וַיָּבֹ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ עֲיֵפִ֑ים וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ שָֽׁם׃ | And the king and all the people who were with him arrived tired, and he refreshed himself there. | he refreshed himself: or, with collective use of “the people”, they refreshed themselves. |
| 2 Sam 16:15 | וְאַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֖אוּ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַאֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And Absalom and all the people – men of Israel – arrived in Jerusalem, and Ahithophel was with him. | |
| 2 Sam 16:16 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א חוּשַׁ֧י הָאַרְכִּ֛י רֵעֶ֥ה דָוִ֖ד אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר חוּשַׁי֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם יְחִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And it came to pass when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, went to Absalom, that Hushai said to Absalom, “May the king live, may the king live.” | |
| 2 Sam 16:17 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־חוּשַׁ֔י זֶ֥ה חַסְדְּךָ֖ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ לָ֥מָּה לֹֽא־הָלַ֖כְתָּ אֶת־רֵעֶֽךָ׃ | And Absalom said to Hushai, “That is your gracious courtesy with your friend. Why have you not gone with your friend?” |
that ← this.
gracious courtesy ← graciousness. |
| 2 Sam 16:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁי֮ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹם֒ לֹ֕א כִּי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּחַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה וְהָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל *לא **ל֥וֹ אֶהְיֶ֖ה וְאִתּ֥וֹ אֵשֵֽׁב׃ | And Hushai said to Absalom, “No, for my loyalty is to whomever the Lord chooses, and this people, and every man of Israel. {Q: I will be for him,} [K: I will not be so,] and I will stay with him. | On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8. |
| 2 Sam 16:19 | וְהַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְמִי֙ אֲנִ֣י אֶֽעֱבֹ֔ד הֲל֖וֹא לִפְנֵ֣י בְנ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָבַ֙דְתִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כֵּ֖ן אֶהְיֶ֥ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ פ | And secondly, whom should I serve? Should it not be in the presence of his son? As I have served in the presence of your father, so I will be in your presence.” | |
| 2 Sam 16:20 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־אֲחִיתֹ֑פֶל הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֵצָ֖ה מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Then Absalom said to Ahithophel, “Give your advice as to what we should do.” | |
| 2 Sam 16:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃ | And Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Go in to your father's concubines whom he has left to keep the house, and all Israel will hear that you have become abhorrent to your father, and the hands of all those who are with you will be strengthened.” | |
| 2 Sam 16:22 | וַיַּטּ֧וּ לְאַבְשָׁל֛וֹם הָאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַגָּ֑ג וַיָּבֹ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־פִּֽלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יו לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then they pitched a tent for Absalom on the roof, and Absalom went in to his father's concubines in the sight of the whole of Israel. | |
| 2 Sam 16:23 | וַעֲצַ֣ת אֲחִיתֹ֗פֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאַל־**אִ֖ישׁ בִּדְבַ֣ר הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כֵּ֚ן כָּל־עֲצַ֣ת אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל גַּם־לְדָוִ֖ד גַּ֥ם לְאַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ ס | And Ahithophel's advice which he gave in those days was as when {K: a man} [Q: a man] asks for the word of God. So was all Ahithophel's advice, both to David and to Absalom. | gave ← advised. |
| 2 Sam 17:1 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם אֶבְחֲרָ֣ה נָּ֗א שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֙לֶף֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְאָק֛וּמָה וְאֶרְדְּפָ֥ה אַחֲרֵי־דָוִ֖ד הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | And Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Let me select twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue David tonight. | |
| 2 Sam 17:2 | וְאָב֣וֹא עָלָ֗יו וְה֤וּא יָגֵ֙עַ֙ וּרְפֵ֣ה יָדַ֔יִם וְהַֽחֲרַדְתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ וְנָ֖ס כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | And I will come upon him when he is tired and weak in the hands, and I will frighten him, and all the people who are with him will flee. But I will strike the king only. | |
| 2 Sam 17:3 | וְאָשִׁ֥יבָה כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֵלֶ֑יךָ כְּשׁ֣וּב הַכֹּ֔ל הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֔שׁ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם יִהְיֶ֥ה שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And I will cause all the people to return to you. The man whose life you seek is key to everyone returning. All the people will be at peace.” | is key to ← (is) according to. |
| 2 Sam 17:4 | וַיִּישַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י אַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם וּבְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And the proposal was sound in Absalom's eyes and the eyes of all the elders of Israel. |
proposal ← word.
was sound ← was upright. |
| 2 Sam 17:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם קְרָ֣א נָ֔א גַּ֖ם לְחוּשַׁ֣י הָאַרְכִּ֑י וְנִשְׁמְעָ֥ה מַה־בְּפִ֖יו גַּם־הֽוּא׃ | Then Absalom said, “Please also call Hushai the Archite, and let us hear what he has to say as well.” | what he has to say ← what (is) in his mouth. |
| 2 Sam 17:6 | וַיָּבֹ֣א חוּשַׁי֮ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלוֹם֒ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר אֲחִיתֹ֔פֶל הֲנַעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־דְּבָר֑וֹ אִם־אַ֖יִן אַתָּ֥ה דַבֵּֽר׃ ס | And when Hushai came to Absalom, Absalom spoke to him and said, “Ahithophel put this proposal forward. Should we carry out his proposal? If not, you speak up.” |
put this proposal forward ← spoke this word.
proposal (second occurrence in verse) ← word. |
| 2 Sam 17:7 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר חוּשַׁ֖י אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם לֹֽא־טוֹבָ֧ה הָעֵצָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־יָעַ֥ץ אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל בַּפַּ֥עַם הַזֹּֽאת׃ | At this, Hushai said to Absalom, “The advice which Ahithophel gave is not good on this occasion.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
gave ← advised. |
| 2 Sam 17:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And Hushai said, “You know your father and his men – how valiant they are, and how embittered they are in spirit, like a bear bereaved of young in the wild, and your father is a man of war, and he will not pass the night with the people. |
how ← that.
spirit ← soul. wild ← field. |
| 2 Sam 17:9 | הִנֵּ֨ה עַתָּ֤ה הֽוּא־נֶחְבָּא֙ בְּאַחַ֣ת הַפְּחָתִ֔ים א֖וֹ בְּאַחַ֣ד הַמְּקוֹמֹ֑ת וְהָיָ֗ה כִּנְפֹ֤ל בָּהֶם֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה וְשָׁמַ֤ע הַשֹּׁמֵ֙עַ֙ וְאָמַ֔ר הָֽיְתָה֙ מַגֵּפָ֔ה בָּעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ | Look, he is now hidden in one of the pits or in one of the hiding places, and it would come to pass, when some of those among them fell at the start, that one hearing it would say, ‘There was a massacre among the people who were following Absalom.’ |
them: i.e. Absalom's men, the conspirators.
one hearing ← a hearer hearing. |
| 2 Sam 17:10 | וְה֣וּא גַם־בֶּן־חַ֗יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִבּ֛וֹ כְּלֵ֥ב הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הִמֵּ֣ס יִמָּ֑ס כִּֽי־יֹדֵ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּי־גִבּ֣וֹר אָבִ֔יךָ וּבְנֵי־חַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And even he who is a soldier, whose heart is like the heart of a lion, would utterly melt, for all Israel knows that your father is valiant, as are the soldiers who are with him. |
soldier ← son of force.
would utterly melt: infinitive absolute (in a secondary form). |
| 2 Sam 17:11 | כִּ֣י יָעַ֗צְתִּי הֵ֠אָסֹף יֵאָסֵ֨ף עָלֶ֤יךָ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִדָּן֙ וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע כַּח֥וֹל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וּפָנֶ֥יךָ הֹלְכִ֖ים בַּקְרָֽב׃ | So I advise that all Israel be solidly gathered around you, from Dan to Beersheba, like the sand which is by the sea in abundance, and that you go to battle in person. |
be solidly gathered: infinitive absolute.
around you ← to you. you go to battle in person ← your face goes to battle. |
| 2 Sam 17:12 | וּבָ֣אנוּ אֵלָ֗יו *באחת **בְּאַחַ֤ד הַמְּקוֹמֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם וְנַ֣חְנוּ עָלָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִפֹּ֥ל הַטַּ֖ל עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־נ֥וֹתַר בּ֛וֹ וּבְכָל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃ | And we will come upon him in one of the places where he is found, and we will descend on him as the dew falls on the ground, and not even one of all the men who are with him will remain. |
one: the ketiv is feminine; the qeré, masculine.
even ← also, but the scope is wider. |
| 2 Sam 17:13 | וְאִם־אֶל־עִיר֙ יֵֽאָסֵ֔ף וְהִשִּׂ֧יאוּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַהִ֖יא חֲבָלִ֑ים וְסָחַ֤בְנוּ אֹתוֹ֙ עַד־הַנַּ֔חַל עַ֛ד אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹא־נִמְצָ֥א שָׁ֖ם גַּם־צְרֽוֹר׃ פ | And if he is concentrated in a city, then all Israel will bring ropes against that city, and we will drag it to the brook until not so much as a grain is found there.” |
concentrated ← gathered.
drag it: discordant in gender with city, but it can hardly be translated drag him. so much as ← also, but the scope is wider. |
| 2 Sam 17:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל טוֹבָ֗ה עֲצַת֙ חוּשַׁ֣י הָאַרְכִּ֔י מֵעֲצַ֖ת אֲחִיתֹ֑פֶל וַיהוָ֣ה צִוָּ֗ה לְהָפֵ֞ר אֶת־עֲצַ֤ת אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה לְבַעֲב֗וּר הָבִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶת־הָרָעָֽה׃ ס | At this Absalom and every man of Israel said, “The advice of Hushai the Archite is better than the advice of Ahithophel.” So the Lord ordained to frustrate the good advice of Ahithophel in order that the Lord should bring demise on Absalom. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
ordained ← commanded. demise ← the evil. |
| 2 Sam 17:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אֶל־צָד֤וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָר֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים כָּזֹ֣את וְכָזֹ֗את יָעַ֤ץ אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכָזֹ֥את וְכָזֹ֖את יָעַ֥צְתִּי אָֽנִי׃ | And Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, “Ahithophel advised Absalom and the elders of Israel such and such, and I myself advised such and such. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 2 Sam 17:16 | וְעַתָּ֡ה שִׁלְח֣וּ מְהֵרָה֩ וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר אַל־תָּ֤לֶן הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְגַ֖ם עָב֣וֹר תַּעֲב֑וֹר פֶּ֚ן יְבֻלַּ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | So now, send word quickly for them to tell David and say, ‘Do not spend the night tonight in the arid tracts of the desert, but rather cross right over so that the king and all the people who are with him are not swallowed up.’ ” |
rather ← also, but the scope is wider.
cross right over: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 17:17 | וִיהוֹנָתָ֨ן וַאֲחִימַ֜עַץ עֹמְדִ֣ים בְּעֵין־רֹגֵ֗ל וְהָלְכָ֤ה הַשִּׁפְחָה֙ וְהִגִּ֣ידָה לָהֶ֔ם וְהֵם֙ יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְהִגִּ֖ידוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יוּכְל֛וּ לְהֵרָא֖וֹת לָב֥וֹא הָעִֽירָה׃ | Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were stationed in En-Rogel, and a servant-girl came and told them, and they proceeded to tell King David, because the others could not be seen going to the city. |
stationed ← standing.
a servant-girl ← the servant girl. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. the others ← they, presumably the priests. |
| 2 Sam 17:18 | וַיַּ֤רְא אֹתָם֙ נַ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ שְׁנֵיהֶ֨ם מְהֵרָ֜ה וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ ׀ אֶל־בֵּֽית־אִ֣ישׁ בְּבַחוּרִ֗ים וְל֥וֹ בְאֵ֛ר בַּחֲצֵר֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥רְדוּ שָֽׁם׃ | But a lad saw them, and he told Absalom, so the two of them went on quickly and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his courtyard, and they went down into it. | into it ← there. |
| 2 Sam 17:19 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וַתִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אֶת־הַמָּסָךְ֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַבְּאֵ֔ר וַתִּשְׁטַ֥ח עָלָ֖יו הָֽרִפ֑וֹת וְלֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע דָּבָֽר׃ | And the woman took and spread a cover over the top of the well, and she strewed crushed grain over it, and nothing was made known. | a cover ← the cover. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Sam 17:20 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ עַבְדֵי֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶֽל־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבַּ֗יְתָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אַיֵּ֗ה אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ וִיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה עָבְר֖וּ מִיכַ֣ל הַמָּ֑יִם וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֔אוּ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And when Absalom's servants came to the woman at the house, they said, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” And the woman said to them, “They have crossed the brook.” Then they searched, but they did not find anyone, and they returned to Jerusalem. |
at the house ← to the house.
brook ← brook of water. |
| 2 Sam 17:21 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י לֶכְתָּ֗ם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד ק֣וּמוּ וְעִבְר֤וּ מְהֵרָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם כִּי־כָ֛כָה יָעַ֥ץ עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃ | And it came to pass, after they were gone, that they came up out of the well, and they departed and reported to King David, and they said to David, “Get up and cross the water quickly, for Ahithophel gave advice against you in such and such a way.” | against you: you plural. |
| 2 Sam 17:22 | וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן עַד־א֣וֹר הַבֹּ֗קֶר עַד־אַחַד֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־עָבַ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So David got up, as did all the people with him, and they crossed the Jordan. By morning light not as much as one had failed to cross the Jordan. |
as much as ← up to.
had failed to cross ← was lacking who had not crossed. |
| 2 Sam 17:23 | וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל רָאָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עֲצָתוֹ֒ וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ וַיְצַ֥ו אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקֶ֥בֶר אָבִֽיו׃ ס | Then when Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been carried out, he saddled his donkey and arose and went to his house – to his city – and gave instructions to his household, and he strangled himself and died, and he was buried in his father's grave. | |
| 2 Sam 17:24 | וְדָוִ֖ד בָּ֣א מַחֲנָ֑יְמָה וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֗ם עָבַר֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן ה֕וּא וְכָל־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then David went to Mahanaim, and Absalom crossed the Jordan – he and every man of Israel with him. | |
| 2 Sam 17:25 | וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֗א שָׂ֧ם אַבְשָׁלֹ֛ם תַּ֥חַת יוֹאָ֖ב עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א בֶן־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יִתְרָ֣א הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־בָּא֙ אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֣ל בַּת־נָחָ֔שׁ אֲח֥וֹת צְרוּיָ֖ה אֵ֥ם יוֹאָֽב׃ | And Absalom appointed Amasa in charge of the army as Joab's counterpart. Now Amasa was the son of a man whose name was Ithra, the Israelite who went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, the sister of Zeruiah, the mother of Joab. |
|| 1 Chr 2:17.
in charge of ← over. as Joab's counterpart ← in Joab's position. Joab is still in charge of an army – see next chapter. |
| 2 Sam 17:26 | וַיִּ֤חַן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ ס | And Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead. | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Sam 17:27 | וַיְהִ֕י כְּב֥וֹא דָוִ֖ד מַחֲנָ֑יְמָה וְשֹׁבִ֨י בֶן־נָחָ֜שׁ מֵרַבַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן וּמָכִ֤יר בֶּן־עַמִּיאֵל֙ מִלֹּ֣א דְבָ֔ר וּבַרְזִלַּ֥י הַגִּלְעָדִ֖י מֵרֹגְלִֽים׃ | And it came to pass when David arrived in Mahanaim that Shobi the son of Nahash from Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel from Lo-Debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim, |
in Mahanaim ← to Mahanaim.
Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Sam 17:28 | מִשְׁכָּ֤ב וְסַפּוֹת֙ וּכְלִ֣י יוֹצֵ֔ר וְחִטִּ֥ים וּשְׂעֹרִ֖ים וְקֶ֣מַח וְקָלִ֑י וּפ֥וֹל וַעֲדָשִׁ֖ים וְקָלִֽי׃ | all brought bedding and trays and crockery and wheat and barley and flour and roasted corn and beans and lentils and roasted lentils, |
brought: the Hebrew word occurs in the next verse.
crockery ← vessels of a potter. |
| 2 Sam 17:29 | וּדְבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָ֗ה וְצֹאן֙ וּשְׁפ֣וֹת בָּקָ֔ר הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ לְדָוִ֛ד וְלָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֖וֹ לֶאֱכ֑וֹל כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ הָעָ֗ם רָעֵ֛ב וְעָיֵ֥ף וְצָמֵ֖א בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | and honey and buttermilk, and sheep, and cows' cheese, to David and the people who were with him, for sustenance, for they had said, “The people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the desert.” |
buttermilk: or butter.
for sustenance ← to eat. |
| 2 Sam 18:1 | וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם שָׂרֵ֥י אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And David took stock of the people who were with him, and he appointed commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred over them. | commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred: equivalent to generals and brigadiers. |
| 2 Sam 18:2 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד־יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑י ס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם־אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | And David sent out one third of the people under Joab's charge, and one third under the charge of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and one third under the charge of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said to the people, “I too will certainly go out with you.” |
under Joab's charge ← in Joab's hand.
will certainly go out: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 18:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם־נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא־יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם־יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר *לעזיר **לַעְזֽוֹר׃ ס | But the people said, “You will not go out, for if we have to flee, they will not pay attention to us, and if half of us die, they will not pay attention to us, but you are now like ten thousand of us, and you are better placed now if you are available to us to help from the city.” |
to help: the ketiv (hiphil stem-formation, contracted) is a variant of the qeré (qal stem-formation), with the same meaning.
we have to flee: infinitive absolute. better placed ← good. |
| 2 Sam 18:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־יִיטַ֥ב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם אֶעֱשֶׂ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְכָל־הָעָם֙ יָֽצְא֔וּ לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִֽים׃ | And the king said to them, “I will do whatever is right in your eyes.” And the king stood next to the gate, while all the people went out in hundreds and in thousands. | |
| 2 Sam 18:5 | וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And the king ordered Joab and Abishai and Ittai and said, “Deal gently with the young man Absalom for me.” And all the people heard when the king gave orders to all the commanders about Absalom. | about ← on the matter of. |
| 2 Sam 18:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הָעָ֛ם הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בְּיַ֥עַר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And the people went out into the country to confront Israel, and the battle took place in the forest of Ephraim. | took place ← was. |
| 2 Sam 18:7 | וַיִּנָּ֤גְפוּ שָׁם֙ עַ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֞ם הַמַּגֵּפָ֧ה גְדוֹלָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אָֽלֶף׃ | And the people of Israel were defeated there by David's servants, and there was a great massacre on that day – twenty thousand dead. | by ← before. |
| 2 Sam 18:8 | וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֧ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה *נפצית **נָפֹ֖צֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֶּ֤רֶב הַיַּ֙עַר֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל בָּעָ֔ם מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָכְלָ֛ה הַחֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And the battle there was spread out over the face of all the land, and the forest consumed the people in greater numbers than the sword consumed on that day. |
was spread out: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
consumed the people in greater numbers ← increased to consume among the people. |
| 2 Sam 18:9 | וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם רֹכֵ֣ב עַל־הַפֶּ֗רֶד וַיָּבֹ֣א הַפֶּ֡רֶד תַּ֣חַת שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ הָאֵלָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה וַיֶּחֱזַ֧ק רֹאשׁ֣וֹ בָאֵלָ֗ה וַיֻּתַּן֙ בֵּ֤ין הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתָּ֖יו עָבָֽר׃ | And Absalom happened to be confronted by David's servants, and Absalom was riding on a mule, and the mule went under a thicket of large terebinth trees, and his head became stuck in a terebinth tree, and he was lodged between the sky and the ground, while the mule which was under him passed on. |
happened to be confronted by ← happened to meet before.
a mule ← the mule. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. stuck ← firm. |
| 2 Sam 18:10 | וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְיוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם תָּל֖וּי בָּאֵלָֽה׃ | And a certain man saw him, and he told Joab, and he said, “Look, I have seen Absalom hanging in a terebinth tree.” |
a certain man ← one man.
a terebinth tree ← the terebinth tree. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Sam 18:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב לָאִישׁ֙ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ וְהִנֵּ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ וּמַדּ֛וּעַ לֹֽא־הִכִּית֥וֹ שָׁ֖ם אָ֑רְצָה וְעָלַ֗י לָ֤תֶת לְךָ֙ עֲשָׂ֣רָה כֶ֔סֶף וַחֲגֹרָ֖ה אֶחָֽת׃ | And Joab said to the man who told him, “Well, if you saw him, then why did you not strike him down on the spot to the ground? And I would have been obliged to give you ten pieces of silver and a girdle.” |
if: the root word הֵן, hen, means behold or if.
on the spot ← there. a girdle ← one girdle. |
| 2 Sam 18:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָאִישׁ֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב *ולא **וְל֨וּא אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁקֵ֤ל עַל־כַּפַּי֙ אֶ֣לֶף כֶּ֔סֶף לֹֽא־אֶשְׁלַ֥ח יָדִ֖י אֶל־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י בְאָזְנֵ֜ינוּ צִוָּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֹ֠תְךָ וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שִׁמְרוּ־מִ֕י בַּנַּ֖עַר בְּאַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then the man said to Joab, “Even if I were to feel the weight of one thousand pieces of silver in my hand, I would not stretch out my hand against the king's son, because the king gave commandment, with us hearing, to you and Abishai and Ittai, when he said, ‘Be on your guard – let no-one harm the lad Absalom.’ |
if I were to: the ketiv has to be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
feel the weight of ← weigh. with us hearing ← in our ears. no-one: the word מִי, mi, who, can express a negative [ST]. |
| 2 Sam 18:13 | אֽוֹ־עָשִׂ֤יתִי *בנפשו **בְנַפְשִׁי֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר וְכָל־דָּבָ֖ר לֹא־יִכָּחֵ֣ד מִן־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּתְיַצֵּ֥ב מִנֶּֽגֶד׃ | Otherwise, I would have committed a dishonesty against {K: his very self} [Q: myself], and nothing can be concealed from the king, and you would have taken a stand against me.” | his very self (ketiv) ... myself (qeré) ← his soul ... my soul. |
| 2 Sam 18:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֔ב לֹא־כֵ֖ן אֹחִ֣ילָה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיִּקַּח֩ שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה שְׁבָטִ֜ים בְּכַפּ֗וֹ וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙ בְּלֵ֣ב אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י בְּלֵ֥ב הָאֵלָֽה׃ | Then Joab said, “I can't wait around with you like this”, and he took three spears in his hand, and he drove them into Absalom's heart while he was still alive in the heart of the terebinth tree. | with ← in the presence of. |
| 2 Sam 18:15 | וַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֣י יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם וַיְמִיתֻֽהוּ׃ | And the ten youths who bore Joab's equipment surrounded Absalom and struck him and killed him. | surrounded Absalom and struck him ← surrounded ... and struck Absalom. |
| 2 Sam 18:16 | וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | Then Joab sounded the ramshorn, and the people stopped pursuing Israel, for Joab spared the people. | spared the people: i.e. spared Israel, or alternatively, held back (his own) people. |
| 2 Sam 18:17 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וַיַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אֹת֤וֹ בַיַּ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַפַּ֣חַת הַגָּד֔וֹל וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ עָלָ֛יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֖ים גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֑ד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ *לאהלו **לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ ס | And they took Absalom and threw him in a large pit in the forest, and they erected a very large pile of stones over him, and all Israel fled, each to {K: his tent} [Q: his tents]. |
his tents (qeré): the plural attracted by each.
a large pit ← the large pit. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Sam 18:18 | וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ *בחיו **בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין־לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | For in his life Absalom had taken and erected for himself the pillar which is in the King's Valley, for he said, “I do not have a son to remember my name.” And he called the pillar after his name, and it is called the Memorial of Absalom up to this day. |
in his life: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
to remember ← for the sake of to remember. memorial: compare Isa 56:5. |
| 2 Sam 18:19 | וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן־צָדוֹק֙ אָמַ֔ר אָר֣וּצָה נָּ֔א וַאֲבַשְּׂרָ֖ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־שְׁפָט֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבָֽיו׃ | Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, “Let me run and bring the good news to the king, for the Lord has done him justice by delivering him from the hand of his enemy.” | |
| 2 Sam 18:20 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יוֹאָ֗ב לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה אַתָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בְּי֣וֹם אַחֵ֑ר וְהַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר כִּֽי־*על **עַל־**כֵּ֥ן בֶּן־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵֽת׃ | But Joab said to him, “You will not be a bringer of good news today, but you will bring the good news another day. So today you will not bring good news, because the king's son is dead.” |
because: the ketiv is an abbreviated formation of the qeré.
be a bringer ← a man, but the sense of bringing is present in the word for good news. |
| 2 Sam 18:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹאָב֙ לַכּוּשִׁ֔י לֵ֛ךְ הַגֵּ֥ד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֑יתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ כוּשִׁ֛י לְיוֹאָ֖ב וַיָּרֹֽץ׃ | Then Joab said to Cushi, “Go and tell the king what you have seen.” And Cushi prostrated himself to Joab and ran. | Cushi (first occurrence in verse): often, as here, the Cushi, suggesting that the name is a demonym, the Ethiopian. |
| 2 Sam 18:22 | וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֜וֹד אֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן־צָדוֹק֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב וִ֣יהִי מָ֔ה אָרֻֽצָה־נָּ֥א גַם־אָ֖נִי אַחֲרֵ֣י הַכּוּשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב לָֽמָּה־זֶּ֞ה אַתָּ֥ה רָץ֙ בְּנִ֔י וּלְכָ֖ה אֵין־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה מֹצֵֽאת׃ | Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok spoke again to Joab and said, “However it may be, do let me run as well after Cushi.” And Joab said, “Why should you run, my son, when you will have no good news coming in?” | coming in ← finding, but also coming in. |
| 2 Sam 18:23 | וִיהִי־מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ וַיָּ֤רָץ אֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־הַכּוּשִֽׁי׃ | He replied, “However it may be, I will certainly run.” And he said to him, “Run.” Then Ahimaaz ran by the route of the adjacent tract, and he overtook Cushi. | I will certainly run: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 18:24 | וְדָוִ֥ד יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בֵּין־שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַצֹּפֶ֜ה אֶל־גַּ֤ג הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֥ץ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | Now David was sitting between the two gates when the look-out went onto the gate roof above the wall, and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and what he saw was a man running on his own. | what he saw was ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 18:25 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־לְבַדּ֖וֹ בְּשׂוֹרָ֣ה בְּפִ֑יו וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב׃ | And the look-out called out and told the king. And the king said, “If he is on his own, there will be good news in his mouth.” And he came nearer and nearer. | he came nearer and nearer ← he went going and approaching. Infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 18:26 | וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ־אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם־זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר׃ | Then the look-out saw another man running, and the look-out called to the gatekeeper and said, “There is another man running on his own.” And the king said, “He too is bringing good news.” |
there is ← behold.
he too ← this one too. |
| 2 Sam 18:27 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ | Then the look-out said, “I make out the gait of the first one to be the gait of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.” And the king said, “He is a good man, and he will come with good news.” |
make out ← see, observe.
the gait of Ahimaaz ← as the gait of Ahimaaz. he is ← this (is). |
| 2 Sam 18:28 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֲחִימַ֗עַץ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לְאַפָּ֖יו אָ֑רְצָה ס וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּרוּךְ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר סִגַּר֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־נָשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־יָדָ֖ם בַּֽאדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Ahimaaz called out and said to the king, “Peace”, and he prostrated himself to the king with his face to the ground. And he said, “Blessed be the Lord your God, who has delivered up the men who lifted up their hand against my lord the king.” | |
| 2 Sam 18:29 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחִימַ֡עַץ רָאִיתִי֩ הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּד֜וֹל לִ֠שְׁלֹחַ אֶת־עֶ֨בֶד הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יוֹאָב֙ וְאֶת־עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מָֽה׃ | At this the king asked, “Is the lad Absalom all right?” And Ahimaaz said, “When Joab was on the point of sending the king's servant and your servant, I saw a great commotion, but I did not know what it was.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
asked ← said. is ... all right ← (has) ... peace. |
| 2 Sam 18:30 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ סֹ֖ב הִתְיַצֵּ֣ב כֹּ֑ה וַיִּסֹּ֖ב וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד׃ | Then the king said, “Stand aside here.” So he stood aside. | stand aside ... stood aside ← turn and station yourself ... turned and stood. |
| 2 Sam 18:31 | וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכּוּשִׁ֖י בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שְׁפָטְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל־הַקָּמִ֥ים עָלֶֽיךָ׃ ס | And it was then that Cushi came, and Cushi said, “Let my lord the king receive good tidings, for the Lord has done you justice today delivering you from the hand of all those who rose up against you.” | it was then that ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 18:32 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הַכּוּשִׁ֔י הֲשָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִהְי֤וּ כַנַּ֙עַר֙ אֹֽיְבֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־קָ֥מוּ עָלֶ֖יךָ לְרָעָֽה׃ ס | Then the king said to Cushi, “How is the lad Absalom?” And Cushi said, “May the enemies of my lord the king and all those who rise up against you to do harm, be as the lad is.” | how is ← what (is) the peace of. |
| 2 Sam 19:1 2 Sam 18:33AV |
וַיִּרְגַּ֣ז הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיַּ֛עַל עַל־עֲלִיַּ֥ת הַשַּׁ֖עַר וַיֵּ֑בְךְּ וְכֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר בְּלֶכְתּ֗וֹ בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מִֽי־יִתֵּ֤ן מוּתִי֙ אֲנִ֣י תַחְתֶּ֔יךָ אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּנִ֥י בְנִֽי׃ | And the king was upset, and he went up into the attic room of the gate and wept. And this is what he said as he walked around: “My son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! If only I had died instead of you! Absalom my son, my son.” |
this is what ← thus.
if only ← who will give? |
| 2 Sam 19:2 2 Sam 19:1AV |
וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לְיוֹאָ֑ב הִנֵּ֨ה הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ בֹּכֶ֛ה וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֖ל עַל־אַבְשָׁלֹֽם׃ | And it was reported to Joab as follows: “Look, the king is weeping and mourning for Absalom.” | |
| 2 Sam 19:3 2 Sam 19:2AV |
וַתְּהִ֨י הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא לְאֵ֖בֶל לְכָל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֶעֱצַ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־בְּנֽוֹ׃ | So the victory on that day became mourning to all the people, for the people heard what was said on that day: “The king is grieved about his son.” |
victory ← salvation.
what was said ← to say. |
| 2 Sam 19:4 2 Sam 19:3AV |
וַיִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב הָעָ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לָב֣וֹא הָעִ֑יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב הָעָם֙ הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים בְּנוּסָ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And on that day the people were stealthy in coming to the city, as a people who are put to shame are stealthy when they flee in battle. | in coming: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 19:5 2 Sam 19:4AV |
וְהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לָאַ֣ט אֶת־פָּנָ֔יו וַיִּזְעַ֥ק הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל בְּנִי֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּנִ֥י בְנִֽי׃ ס | And the king covered his face, and the king would cry out in a loud voice, “My son Absalom, Absalom, my son, my son!” | |
| 2 Sam 19:6 2 Sam 19:5AV |
וַיָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֛ב אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַבָּ֑יִת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ הַֽמְמַלְּטִ֤ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ נָשֶׁ֔יךָ וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃ | Then Joab came to the king at home and said, “You have put shame on the faces of all your servants today, who saved your life today, and the lives of your sons and your daughters, and the lives of your wives and the lives of your concubines, | life ... lives ... lives ... lives ← soul ... soul ... soul ... soul. |
| 2 Sam 19:7 2 Sam 19:6AV |
לְאַֽהֲבָה֙ אֶת־שֹׂ֣נְאֶ֔יךָ וְלִשְׂנֹ֖א אֶת־אֹהֲבֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י ׀ הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֗וֹם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לְךָ֙ שָׂרִ֣ים וַעֲבָדִ֔ים כִּ֣י ׀ יָדַ֣עְתִּי הַיּ֗וֹם כִּ֠י *לא **ל֣וּ אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם חַי֙ וְכֻלָּ֤נוּ הַיּוֹם֙ מֵתִ֔ים כִּי־אָ֖ז יָשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | through love for those who hate you, and by hating those who love you, for you declared today that your commanders and servants mean nothing to you. For I learnt today that if Absalom had lived, and we had all died today, then that would have been all right in your sight. |
if: the ketiv, strictly not, has to be regarded as a variant spelling of the qeré.
through love ... by hating: gerundial use of the infinitive. The former infinitive can be regarded as a noun. learnt ← knew, came to know. |
| 2 Sam 19:8 2 Sam 19:7AV |
וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם צֵ֔א וְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ בַיהוָ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי כִּי־אֵינְךָ֣ יוֹצֵ֗א אִם־יָלִ֨ין אִ֤ישׁ אִתְּךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְרָעָ֧ה לְךָ֣ זֹ֗את מִכָּל־הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אָה עָלֶ֔יךָ מִנְּעֻרֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ ס | So now, arise and go out, and speak encouragingly to your servants, for I swear by the Lord that if you do not go out, not a single man will pass the night in association with you tonight. And that would be worse for you than all the evil which has come on you from your youth up to now.” |
encouragingly ← to the heart of.
not a single man ← if a man, standing for if a man ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Sam 19:9 2 Sam 19:8AV |
וַיָּ֥קָם הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בַּשָּׁ֑עַר וּֽלְכָל־הָעָ֞ם הִגִּ֣ידוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִנֵּ֤ה הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיָּבֹ֤א כָל־הָעָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖ס אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ ס | So the king arose and sat at the gate, and they reported it to all the people and said, “Look, the king is sitting at the gate.” And all the people came before the king, but Israel had fled – each man to his tent. | his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each. |
| 2 Sam 19:10 2 Sam 19:9AV |
וַיְהִ֤י כָל־הָעָם֙ נָד֔וֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ הִצִּילָ֣נוּ ׀ מִכַּ֣ף אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ וְה֤וּא מִלְּטָ֙נוּ֙ מִכַּ֣ף פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַתָּ֛ה בָּרַ֥ח מִן־הָאָ֖רֶץ מֵעַ֥ל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And all the people were at strife among all the tribes of Israel, saying, “The king saved us from the hand of our enemies, and he delivered us from the hand of the Philistines, but now he has fled from the land away from Absalom. | |
| 2 Sam 19:11 2 Sam 19:10AV |
וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָשַׁ֣חְנוּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ מֵ֖ת בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֗ה לָמָ֥ה אַתֶּ֛ם מַחֲרִשִׁ֖ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | But Absalom whom we anointed over us has died in battle, so now, why are you silent about bringing the king back?” | about bringing ... back: gerundial use of the infinitive. The people are reluctant to have David back, but they are persuaded to do so in 2 Sam 19:15 (2 Sam 19:14AV). |
| 2 Sam 19:12 2 Sam 19:11AV |
וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ דַּבְּר֞וּ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיוּ֙ אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וּדְבַר֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֥א אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | Then King David sent word to Zadok and Abiathar the priests as follows: “Ask the elders of Judah this, ‘Why are you the last to bring the king back to his house, whereas the talk of all Israel has come to the king – to his house? |
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20.
as follows ... this ← to say ... to say. his house ... his house: the first occurrence of house must be David's house in Jerusalem. The second occurrence seems to refer to David's house in exile. |
| 2 Sam 19:13 2 Sam 19:12AV |
אַחַ֣י אַתֶּ֔ם עַצְמִ֥י וּבְשָׂרִ֖י אַתֶּ֑ם וְלָ֧מָּה תִהְי֛וּ אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | You are my brothers – you are my bone and my flesh, so why are you the last to bring the king back?’ | my bone and my flesh: see 2 Sam 5:1. |
| 2 Sam 19:14 2 Sam 19:13AV |
וְלַֽעֲמָשָׂא֙ תֹּֽמְר֔וּ הֲל֛וֹא עַצְמִ֥י וּבְשָׂרִ֖י אָ֑תָּה כֹּ֣ה יַֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֔יף אִם־לֹ֠א שַׂר־צָבָ֞א תִּהְיֶ֧ה לְפָנַ֛י כָּל־הַיָּמִ֖ים תַּ֥חַת יוֹאָֽב׃ | And to Amasa you will say, ‘Aren't you my bone and my flesh? May God do this to me and add more if you are not the commander of the army before me all the time instead of Joab.’ ” |
my bone and my flesh: see 2 Sam 5:1.
do this ... add more ← do thus ... add thus. This verse contains the “oath formula” for asseveration in full (often abbreviated to simply if I do not ... with no apodosis). See also the oath formula for strong denial, as in 1 Sam 3:17. time ← days. |
| 2 Sam 19:15 2 Sam 19:14AV |
וַיַּ֛ט אֶת־לְבַ֥ב כָּל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָ֖ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שׁ֥וּב אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ | And he turned the heart of every man of Judah unanimously, and they sent word to the king, “Come back, you and all your servants.” | unanimously ← as one man. |
| 2 Sam 19:16 2 Sam 19:15AV |
וַיָּ֣שָׁב הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּבֹ֖א עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וִיהוּדָ֞ה בָּ֣א הַגִּלְגָּ֗לָה לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהַעֲבִ֥יר אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So the king came back, and when he had come as far as the Jordan, Judah went to Gilgal, to go to meet the king, to conduct the king over the Jordan. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 2 Sam 19:17 2 Sam 19:16AV |
וַיְמַהֵ֗ר שִׁמְעִ֤י בֶן־גֵּרָא֙ בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִבַּֽחוּרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֙רֶד֙ עִם־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה לִקְרַ֖את הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽד׃ | And Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjaminite, who was from Bahurim, quickly went down with the men of Judah to meet King David. | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 2 Sam 19:18 2 Sam 19:17AV |
וְאֶ֨לֶף אִ֣ישׁ עִמּוֹ֮ מִבִּנְיָמִן֒ וְצִיבָ֗א נַ֚עַר בֵּ֣ית שָׁא֔וּל וַחֲמֵ֨שֶׁת עָשָׂ֥ר בָּנָ֛יו וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים עֲבָדָ֖יו אִתּ֑וֹ וְצָלְח֥וּ הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And a thousand Benjaminite men were with him, as was Ziba, the servant-lad of Saul's household, and his fifteen sons and his twenty servants with him, and they proceeded across the Jordan before the king. | |
| 2 Sam 19:19 2 Sam 19:18AV |
וְעָבְרָ֣ה הָעֲבָרָ֗ה לַֽעֲבִיר֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הַטּ֖וֹב *בעינו **בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְשִׁמְעִ֣י בֶן־גֵּרָ֗א נָפַל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּעָבְר֖וֹ בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And a ferry crossed over to take the king's household across, and to do what was right in his sight. And Shimei the son of Gera fell down before the king when he crossed the Jordan. |
sight ← eye (ketiv) / eyes (qeré).
a ferry ← the ferry. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 2 Sam 19:20 2 Sam 19:19AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אַל־יַחֲשָׁב־לִ֣י אֲדֹנִי֮ עָוֺן֒ וְאַל־תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶעֱוָ֣ה עַבְדְּךָ֔ בַּיּ֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יָׄצָ֥ׄאׄ אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לָשׂ֥וּם הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃ | And he said to the king, “My lord, do not impute iniquity to me, and do not recollect how your servant acted iniquitously on the day when my lord the king departed from Jerusalem, with the king taking it to heart. |
departed: the Hebrew is marked with supralinear dots. This is the verse intended by what [CB] App. 31 incorrectly lists as 2 Sam 19:29 (2 Sam 19:28AV).
heart ← his heart. |
| 2 Sam 19:21 2 Sam 19:20AV |
כִּ֚י יָדַ֣ע עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י חָטָ֑אתִי וְהִנֵּֽה־בָ֣אתִי הַיּ֗וֹם רִאשׁוֹן֙ לְכָל־בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף לָרֶ֕דֶת לִקְרַ֖את אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | For your servant knows that I have sinned, but look, I have been the first to come of the whole house of Joseph, in coming down to meet my lord the king.” |
I have been the first to come ← I have come first.
in coming down: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 19:22 2 Sam 19:21AV |
וַיַּ֨עַן אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲתַ֣חַת זֹ֔את לֹ֥א יוּמַ֖ת שִׁמְעִ֑י כִּ֥י קִלֵּ֖ל אֶת־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | But Abishai the son of Zeruiah answered and said, “Will Shimei not be put to death for this, for he cursed the Lord's anointed?” | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 2 Sam 19:23 2 Sam 19:22AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד מַה־לִּ֤י וְלָכֶם֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה כִּי־תִֽהְיוּ־לִ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם לְשָׂטָ֑ן הַיּ֗וֹם י֤וּמַת אִישׁ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֚י הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם אֲנִי־מֶ֥לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | However, David said, “What concern is it to me or to you, you sons of Zeruiah, that you should be an adversary of mine today? Will any man in Israel be put to death today? For am I not aware that today I am king over Israel?” |
however: adversative use of the vav.
an adversary: the same word as Satan. |
| 2 Sam 19:24 2 Sam 19:23AV |
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֖י לֹ֣א תָמ֑וּת וַיִּשָּׁ֥בַֽע ל֖וֹ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Then the king said to Shimei, “You will not die.” And the king swore it to him. | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 2 Sam 19:25 2 Sam 19:24AV |
וּמְפִבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל יָרַ֖ד לִקְרַ֣את הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֨ה רַגְלָ֜יו וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה שְׂפָמ֗וֹ וְאֶת־בְּגָדָיו֙ לֹ֣א כִבֵּ֔ס לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ לֶ֣כֶת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד־הַיּ֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then Mephibosheth, Saul's son, went down to meet the king, not having attended to his feet, and not having attended to his beard, and not having washed his clothes from the day the king departed until the day when he came back in peace. | attended to (2x) ← done. |
| 2 Sam 19:26 2 Sam 19:25AV |
וַיְהִ֛י כִּי־בָ֥א יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לִקְרַ֣את הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛מָּה לֹא־הָלַ֥כְתָּ עִמִּ֖י מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And it came to pass, when he went to Jerusalem to meet the king, that the king said to him, “Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?” | |
| 2 Sam 19:27 2 Sam 19:26AV |
וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַבְדִּ֣י רִמָּ֑נִי כִּֽי־אָמַ֨ר עַבְדְּךָ֜ אֶחְבְּשָׁה־לִּי֩ הַחֲמ֨וֹר וְאֶרְכַּ֤ב עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֵלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י פִסֵּ֖חַ עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And he answered, “My lord the king, my servant dealt treacherously with me. So your servant said, ‘I will saddle the donkey for myself, and I will ride on it, and I will go with the king’, for your servant is lame. | Compare this account with 2 Sam 16:3. It is clear that Ziba left Mephibosheth helpless. Perhaps the first occurrence in the verse of your servant here is an ironic way of referring to Ziba. |
| 2 Sam 19:28 2 Sam 19:27AV |
וַיְרַגֵּ֣ל בְּעַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | And he went around slandering your servant to my lord the king. But my lord the king is like an angel of God, so do what is right in your sight. | right ← good. |
| 2 Sam 19:29 2 Sam 19:28AV |
כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֗י כִּ֤י אִם־אַנְשֵׁי־מָ֙וֶת֙ לַאדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֙שֶׁת֙ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ בְּאֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחָנֶ֑ךָ וּמַה־יֶּשׁ־לִ֥י עוֹד֙ צְדָקָ֔ה וְלִזְעֹ֥ק ע֖וֹד אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | For all my father's household was nothing but men deserving death before my lord the king, but you placed your servant among the diners at your table, so what more do I have by way of justification or in crying out any more to the king?” |
men deserving death ← men of death.
diners at ← eaters of. in crying out: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Sam 19:30 2 Sam 19:29AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֛מָּה תְּדַבֵּ֥ר ע֖וֹד דְּבָרֶ֑יךָ אָמַ֕רְתִּי אַתָּ֣ה וְצִיבָ֔א תַּחְלְק֖וּ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | Then the king said to him, “Why are you still talking about your affairs? I have said, ‘You and Ziba share the estate.’ ” |
[CB] App. 31 lists this verse as having supralinear dots, but [WLC] does not have them, and the reference should be 2 Sam 19:20 (2 Sam 19:19AV).
Ziba: we consider Ziba to be the liar. See 2 Sam 16:3. estate ← field. |
| 2 Sam 19:31 2 Sam 19:30AV |
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מְפִיבֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ גַּ֥ם אֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל יִקָּ֑ח אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֛לֶך בְּשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ ס | Then Mephibosheth said to the king, “Let him even take it all, now that my lord the king has come to his house in peace.” | now that ← after that. |
| 2 Sam 19:32 2 Sam 19:31AV |
וּבַרְזִלַּי֙ הַגִּלְעָדִ֔י יָרַ֖ד מֵרֹגְלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְשַׁלְּח֖וֹ אֶת־*בירדן **הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | Now Barzillai the Gileadite was one who had gone down from Rogelim and crossed the Jordan with the king, so as to escort him {Q: across} [K: in] the Jordan. |
Gileadite: see Gen 31:21.
escort ← send. |
| 2 Sam 19:33 2 Sam 19:32AV |
וּבַרְזִלַּי֙ זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֔ד בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וְהֽוּא־כִלְכַּ֤ל אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּשִׁיבָת֣וֹ בְמַחֲנַ֔יִם כִּֽי־אִ֛ישׁ גָּד֥וֹל ה֖וּא מְאֹֽד׃ | And Barzillai was very old – eighty years old – and he had sustained the king during his stay in Mahanaim, for he was a very great man. | during his stay: the consonantal text reads in his (i.e. Barzillai's) old age (בְּשֵׂיבָתוֹ). The MT word in the sense of stay, taken from root ישׁב, as by [AnLx] and [BDB], occurs nowhere else. There is a homonym from root שׁוּב, return. |
| 2 Sam 19:34 2 Sam 19:33AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בַּרְזִלָּ֑י אַתָּה֙ עֲבֹ֣ר אִתִּ֔י וְכִלְכַּלְתִּ֥י אֹתְךָ֛ עִמָּדִ֖י בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And the king had said to Barzillai, “You cross over with me, and I will sustain you with me in Jerusalem.” | |
| 2 Sam 19:35 2 Sam 19:34AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בַּרְזִלַּ֖י אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כַּמָּ֗ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י כִּי־אֶעֱלֶ֥ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But Barzillai said to the king, “How many are the days of the years of my life? For am I to go up with the king to Jerusalem? | |
| 2 Sam 19:36 2 Sam 19:35AV |
בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָה֩ אָנֹכִ֨י הַיּ֜וֹם הַאֵדַ֣ע ׀ בֵּין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֗ע אִם־יִטְעַ֤ם עַבְדְּךָ֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֹכַל֙ וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁתֶּ֔ה אִם־אֶשְׁמַ֣ע ע֔וֹד בְּק֖וֹל שָׁרִ֣ים וְשָׁר֑וֹת וְלָמָּה֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה עַבְדְּךָ֥ עוֹד֙ לְמַשָּׂ֔א אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | I am eighty years old today. Can I distinguish between what is good and bad? Or can your servant taste what I eat and what I drink? Or can I still hear the sound of men singing and women singing? So why should your servant be any further burden to my lord the king? | can I distinguish ← do I know. |
| 2 Sam 19:37 2 Sam 19:36AV |
כִּמְעַ֞ט יַעֲבֹ֧ר עַבְדְּךָ֛ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלָ֙מָּה֙ יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַגְּמוּלָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Let your servant cross over the Jordan with the king for a short distance, but why should the king recompense me with this recompense? | |
| 2 Sam 19:38 2 Sam 19:37AV |
יָֽשָׁב־נָ֤א עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְאָמֻ֣ת בְּעִירִ֔י עִ֛ם קֶ֥בֶר אָבִ֖י וְאִמִּ֑י וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ עַבְדְּךָ֣ כִמְהָ֗ם יַֽעֲבֹר֙ עִם־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַעֲשֵׂה־ל֕וֹ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ט֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ ס | Do let your servant return so that I die in my city with the grave of my father and my mother. And look, here is your servant Chimham. Let him cross over with my lord the king, and do for him what is right in your sight.” | Chimham: in AV's transliteration, the ch can represent a k sound before an e or an i. So this is not a mistaken lenition. We retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Sam 19:39 2 Sam 19:38AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אִתִּי֙ יַעֲבֹ֣ר כִּמְהָ֔ם וַאֲנִי֙ אֶעֱשֶׂה־לּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תִּבְחַ֥ר עָלַ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | Then the king said, “Chimham will cross over with me, and I will do what is right in your sight for him, and I will do for you whatever you request of me.” |
whatever ← everything.
request ← choose; [BDB] also gives lay upon. |
| 2 Sam 19:40 2 Sam 19:39AV |
וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר כָּל־הָעָ֛ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ עָבָ֑ר וַיִּשַּׁ֨ק הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ לְבַרְזִלַּי֙ וַיְבָ֣רֲכֵ֔הוּ וַיָּ֖שָׁב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ ס | So all the people crossed the Jordan, and the king crossed over, and the king kissed Barzillai and blessed him. Then Barzillai returned to his place. | |
| 2 Sam 19:41 2 Sam 19:40AV |
וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔לָה וְכִמְהָ֖ן עָבַ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ וְכָל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ *ויעברו **הֶעֱבִ֣ירוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְגַ֕ם חֲצִ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the king crossed over to Gilgal, and Chimham crossed over with him, and all the people of {Q: Judah conducted the king across} [K: Judah, and they crossed over with the king], as did half the people of Israel also. |
The ketiv is quite plausible, but the qeré agrees better with 2 Sam 19:42 (2 Sam 19:41AV).
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 2 Sam 19:42 2 Sam 19:41AV |
וְהִנֵּ֛ה כָּל־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּאִ֣ים אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ מַדּוּעַ֩ גְּנָב֨וּךָ אַחֵ֜ינוּ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּעֲבִ֨רוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י דָוִ֖ד עִמּֽוֹ׃ ס | And it so happened that all the men of Israel came to the king, and they said to the king, “Why have our brothers – the men of Judah – stolen you and conducted the king and his household over the Jordan, and all David's men with him?” | it so happened that ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 19:43 2 Sam 19:42AV |
וַיַּעַן֩ כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה עַל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־קָר֤וֹב הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵלַ֔י וְלָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ חָרָ֣ה לְךָ֔ עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה הֶאָכ֤וֹל אָכַ֙לְנוּ֙ מִן־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־נִשֵּׂ֥את נִשָּׂ֖א לָֽנוּ׃ ס | And every man of Judah would answer the Israelite and say, “The king is closely related to me, so why should this matter anger you? Have we in any way eaten at the king's expense, or has he favoured us in any way?” |
why should this matter anger you ← why does this kindle to you about this matter.
have we in any way eaten ... has he favoured us in any way: both infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 19:44 2 Sam 19:43AV |
וַיַּ֣עַן אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ אֶת־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עֶֽשֶׂר־יָד֨וֹת לִ֣י בַמֶּלֶךְ֮ וְגַם־בְּדָוִד֮ אֲנִ֣י מִמְּךָ֒ וּמַדּ֙וּעַ֙ הֱקִלֹּתַ֔נִי וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה דְבָרִ֥י רִאשׁ֛וֹן לִ֖י לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶת־מַלְכִּ֑י וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ דְּבַר־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְּבַ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And the Israelite would answer the man of Judah and say, “I constitute ten of the king's limbs, and so I am more associated with David than you are, so why did you despise me? And wasn't it my first concern to bring my king back?” So the words of the man of Judah were harder than the words of the Israelite. | words (2x) ← word. |
| 2 Sam 20:1 | וְשָׁ֨ם נִקְרָ֜א אִ֣ישׁ בְּלִיַּ֗עַל וּשְׁמ֛וֹ שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִ֖י אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינִ֑י וַיִּתְקַ֣ע בַּשֹּׁפָ֗ר וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֵֽין־לָ֨נוּ חֵ֜לֶק בְּדָוִ֗ד וְלֹ֤א נַֽחֲלָה־לָ֙נוּ֙ בְּבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֖יו יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And there happened to be a good-for-nothing man there, whose name was Sheba the son of Bichri, a Benjaminite, and he blew the ramshorn, and he said,
“We have no part in David, And we have no inheritance in the son of Jesse. Each man to his tent, O Israel!” |
his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each. |
| 2 Sam 20:2 | וַיַּ֜עַל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֣בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִ֑י וְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ דָּבְק֣וּ בְמַלְכָּ֔ם מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וְעַד־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And every Israelite went up after Sheba the son of Bichri, turning away from David. But each man of Judah clung to his king, from the Jordan to Jerusalem. |
from David ← from after David.
his king ← their king. |
| 2 Sam 20:3 | וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֣ד אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֮ יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶֽשֶׂר־נָשִׁ֣ים ׀ פִּלַגְשִׁ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּיחַ֩ לִשְׁמֹ֨ר הַבַּ֜יִת וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֤ם בֵּית־מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵ֔ם וַאֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹא־בָ֑א וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה צְרֻר֛וֹת עַד־י֥וֹם מֻתָ֖ן אַלְמְנ֥וּת חַיּֽוּת׃ ס | And David arrived at his house in Jerusalem, and the king took the ten concubine women whom he had left to keep the house, and he put them in a guarded house and sustained them, but he did not go in to them, and they were confined until the day of their death, in lifelong widowhood. | lifelong widowhood ← widowhood of life. |
| 2 Sam 20:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־עֲמָשָׂ֔א הַזְעֶק־לִ֥י אֶת־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וְאַתָּ֖ה פֹּ֥ה עֲמֹֽד׃ | And the king said to Amasa, “Call up the men of Judah for me, within three days, then you present yourself here.” | present yourself ← stand. |
| 2 Sam 20:5 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ עֲמָשָׂ֖א לְהַזְעִ֣יק אֶת־יְהוּדָ֑ה *וייחר **וַיּ֕וֹחֶר מִן־הַמּוֹעֵ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְעָדֽוֹ׃ ס | So Amasa went to call Judah up, but he took longer than the time that David had appointed him. |
took longer: the ketiv (qal stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (hiphil stem-formation).
time ← fixed time. |
| 2 Sam 20:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־אֲבִישַׁ֔י עַתָּ֗ה יֵ֧רַֽע לָ֛נוּ שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִ֖י מִן־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם אַ֠תָּה קַ֞ח אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י אֲדֹנֶ֙יךָ֙ וּרְדֹ֣ף אַחֲרָ֔יו פֶּן־מָ֥צָא ל֛וֹ עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻר֖וֹת וְהִצִּ֥יל עֵינֵֽנוּ׃ | Then David said to Abishai, “Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom. You take your lord's servants and pursue him so that he does not find fortified cities for himself and elude us.” | elude us ← deliver / take away our eye. |
| 2 Sam 20:7 | וַיֵּצְא֤וּ אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַכְּרֵתִ֥י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֖י וְכָל־הַגִּבֹּרִ֑ים וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃ | So Joab's men and the Cherethites and the Pelethites and all the valiant warriors went out after him, and they departed from Jerusalem to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri. | |
| 2 Sam 20:8 | הֵ֗ם עִם־הָאֶ֤בֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגִבְע֔וֹן וַעֲמָשָׂ֖א בָּ֣א לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹאָ֞ב חָג֣וּר ׀ מִדּ֣וֹ לְבֻשׁ֗וּ *ועלו **וְעָלָ֞יו חֲג֥וֹר חֶ֙רֶב֙ מְצֻמֶּ֤דֶת עַל־מָתְנָיו֙ בְּתַעְרָ֔הּ וְה֥וּא יָצָ֖א וַתִּפֹּֽל׃ ס | They were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, and Amasa went in front of them. And Joab was girded up; his clothing was his livery, and on him was a girdle for a sword, fastened at his waist in its sheath. But as he went forwards, the sword fell out. |
on him: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. went forwards ← went out. |
| 2 Sam 20:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹאָב֙ לַעֲמָשָׂ֔א הֲשָׁל֥וֹם אַתָּ֖ה אָחִ֑י וַתֹּ֜חֶז יַד־יְמִ֥ין יוֹאָ֛ב בִּזְקַ֥ן עֲמָשָׂ֖א לִנְשָׁק־לֽוֹ׃ | And Joab said to Amasa, “How are you, my brother?” And Joab's right hand took hold of Amasa's beard, so as to kiss him. |
how are you ← (are) you peace?
brother: standing for cousin. Joab and Amasa are grandsons of the parents of Zeruiah and Abigail. |
| 2 Sam 20:10 | וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה ל֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑ת ס וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃ | But Amasa did not advert to the sword which was in Joab's hand, and he struck him with it in the abdomen, and he spilt his innards onto the ground. And Joab did not repeat the strike on him, and he died. Then Joab and Abishai his brother pursued Sheba the son of Bichri. | in Joab's hand: i.e. in his left hand, the sword being caught when falling out, we presume. |
| 2 Sam 20:11 | וְאִישׁ֙ עָמַ֣ד עָלָ֔יו מִֽנַּעֲרֵ֖י יוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָפֵ֧ץ בְּיוֹאָ֛ב וּמִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־לְדָוִ֖ד אַחֲרֵ֥י יוֹאָֽב׃ | And one of Joab's servant-lads was standing in his vicinity, and he said, “Whoever is content with Joab and whoever is for David, follow Joab!” |
in his vicinity ← at him.
follow ← after. |
| 2 Sam 20:12 | וַעֲמָשָׂ֛א מִתְגֹּלֵ֥ל בַּדָּ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הַֽמְסִּלָּ֑ה וַיַּ֨רְא הָאִ֜ישׁ כִּֽי־עָמַ֣ד כָּל־הָעָ֗ם וַיַּסֵּב֩ אֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֨א מִן־הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ בֶּ֔גֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאָ֔ה כָּל־הַבָּ֥א עָלָ֖יו וְעָמָֽד׃ | Then while Amasa was rolling in blood in the middle of the road, the man saw that all the people were stopping, so he moved Amasa from the road to the field, and he threw a garment over him when he saw that everyone coming to him was stopping. |
were stopping ... was stopping ← stood ... stood.
moved ← turned; perhaps rolled. |
| 2 Sam 20:13 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹגָ֖ה מִן־הַֽמְסִלָּ֑ה עָבַ֤ר כָּל־אִישׁ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב לִרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃ | When he had removed him from the road, every man passed by, following Joab, to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri. | following ← after. |
| 2 Sam 20:14 | וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֞ר בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָבֵ֛לָה וּבֵ֥ית מַעֲכָ֖ה וְכָל־הַבֵּרִ֑ים ס *ויקלהו **וַיִּקָּ֣הֲל֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַף־אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And he passed through all the tribes of Israel, to Abel and Beth-Maachah, and all the Berites. And {Q: they were assembled,} [K: they despised him,] and they went after him all the more keenly. |
The ketiv may be a transposition of letters of the word which the qeré reads. Otherwise, it has to be taken as יְקִלֵּהוּ, hiphil of קָלַל, as in our translation.
Berites: [CB] equates to Berechites (from Bichri). |
| 2 Sam 20:15 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ סֹֽלְלָה֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּחֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם לְהַפִּ֥יל הַחוֹמָֽה׃ | And when they arrived and besieged Sheba in Abel in Beth-Maachah, they raised up a rampart against the city, and it stood against the fortification, and all the people who were with Joab worked on breaking up the wall to bring it down. |
Sheba ← him.
worked on breaking up the wall to bring it down ← (were) demolishing to bring down the wall. |
| 2 Sam 20:16 | וַתִּקְרָ֛א אִשָּׁ֥ה חֲכָמָ֖ה מִן־הָעִ֑יר שִׁמְע֤וּ שִׁמְעוּ֙ אִמְרוּ־נָ֣א אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב קְרַ֣ב עַד־הֵ֔נָּה וַאֲדַבְּרָ֖ה אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | Then a wise woman called out from the city, “Listen, listen. Please say to Joab, ‘Come up here, and I will speak to you.’ ” | Come up ← approach. |
| 2 Sam 20:17 | וַיִּקְרַ֣ב אֵלֶ֔יהָ וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֛ה הַאַתָּ֥ה יוֹאָ֖ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָ֑נִי וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ שְׁמַע֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שֹׁמֵ֥עַ אָנֹֽכִי׃ | And he came up to her, and the woman asked, “Are you Joab?” And he said, “I am.” Then she said to him, “Listen to the words of your maidservant.” And he said, “I am listening.” | asked ← said. |
| 2 Sam 20:18 | וַתֹּ֖אמֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר דַּבֵּ֨ר יְדַבְּר֤וּ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁאֹ֧ל יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ בְּאָבֵ֖ל וְכֵ֥ן הֵתַֽמּוּ׃ | And she spoke and said, “They used to have a saying in the past, and they said, ‘They will set store on asking in Abel’, and that is how they concluded the matter. |
they used to have a saying ... they will set store on asking: both infinitive absolute.
in the past ← at the beginning. |
| 2 Sam 20:19 | אָנֹכִ֕י שְׁלֻמֵ֖י אֱמוּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֗שׁ לְהָמִ֨ית עִ֤יר וְאֵם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֥מָּה תְבַלַּ֖ע נַחֲלַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ פ | I am one of those of Israel who are peaceable and faithful. You are attempting to massacre a city – and a metropolis – in Israel. Why should you swallow up the Lord's inheritance?” |
attempting ← seeking.
massacre ← kill. |
| 2 Sam 20:20 | וַיַּ֥עַן יוֹאָ֖ב וַיֹּאמַ֑ר חָלִ֤ילָה חָלִ֙ילָה֙ לִ֔י אִם־אֲבַלַּ֖ע וְאִם־אַשְׁחִֽית׃ | And Joab answered and said, “Far, far be it from me that I should swallow it up or that I should destroy it. | that (2x) ← if. |
| 2 Sam 20:21 | לֹא־כֵ֣ן הַדָּבָ֗ר כִּ֡י אִישׁ֩ מֵהַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם שֶׁ֧בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִ֣י שְׁמ֗וֹ נָשָׂ֤א יָדוֹ֙ בַּמֶּ֣לֶךְ בְּדָוִ֔ד תְּנֽוּ־אֹת֣וֹ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וְאֵלְכָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל הָעִ֑יר וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב הִנֵּ֥ה רֹאשׁ֛וֹ מֻשְׁלָ֥ךְ אֵלֶ֖יךָ בְּעַ֥ד הַחוֹמָֽה׃ | The matter is not like that, but a man from Mount Ephraim – Sheba the son of Bichri is his name – has set himself against the king – against David. Hand just him over, and I will depart from the city.” And the woman said to Joab, “Behold, his head is to be thrown over the wall to you.” |
has set himself ← raised his hand.
is to be thrown: gerundival use of the participle. |
| 2 Sam 20:22 | וַתָּבוֹא֩ הָאִשָּׁ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם בְּחָכְמָתָ֗הּ וַֽיִּכְרְת֞וּ אֶת־רֹ֨אשׁ שֶׁ֤בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִי֙ וַיַּשְׁלִ֣כוּ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּתְקַע֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיָּפֻ֥צוּ מֵֽעַל־הָעִ֖יר אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹהָלָ֑יו וְיוֹאָ֛ב שָׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom, and they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri and threw it to Joab. And he sounded the ramshorn, and they dispersed from the city – each to his tent – and Joab returned to Jerusalem, to the king. | his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each. |
| 2 Sam 20:23 | וְיוֹאָ֕ב אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנָיָה֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע עַל־*הכרי **הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְעַל־הַפְּלֵתִֽי׃ | And Joab was in charge of the whole army of Israel, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was in charge of the {Q: Cherethites} [K: Cherites] and of the Pelethites. | |
| 2 Sam 20:24 | וַאֲדֹרָ֖ם עַל־הַמַּ֑ס וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ | And Adoram was in charge of the taxes, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the secretary of state. | |
| 2 Sam 20:25 | *ושיא **וּשְׁוָ֖א סֹפֵ֑ר וְצָד֥וֹק וְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | And {Q: Sheva} [K: Sheia] was the scribe, and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 2 Sam 20:26 | וְגַ֗ם עִירָא֙ הַיָּ֣אִרִ֔י הָיָ֥ה כֹהֵ֖ן לְדָוִֽד׃ ס | And also Ira the Jairite was a priest of David's. | |
| 2 Sam 21:1 | וַיְהִ֣י רָעָב֩ בִּימֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים שָׁנָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַדָּמִ֔ים עַל־אֲשֶׁר־הֵמִ֖ית אֶת־הַגִּבְעֹנִֽים׃ | Then there was a famine in David's days for three years, year after year, and David appealed to the Lord. And the Lord said, “It is on account of Saul and on account of the house of blood, because he killed the Gibeonites.” |
appealed to ← sought the face of.
Gibeonites: see Josh 9:3. |
| 2 Sam 21:2 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לַגִּבְעֹנִ֖ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְהַגִּבְעֹנִ֞ים לֹ֣א מִבְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֚י אִם־מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָאֱמֹרִ֔י וּבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נִשְׁבְּע֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וַיְבַקֵּ֤שׁ שָׁאוּל֙ לְהַכֹּתָ֔ם בְּקַנֹּאת֥וֹ לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | So the king called the Gibeonites and spoke to them. Now the Gibeonites were not the sons of Israel, but the remainder of the Amorites, and the sons of Israel had sworn peace to them, but Saul had tried to strike them down in his zeal for the sons of Israel and Judah. |
Gibeonites (2x): see Josh 9:3.
not the sons ... the remainder ← not of the sons ... of the remainder. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. tried ← sought. |
| 2 Sam 21:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַגִּבְעֹנִ֔ים מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לָכֶ֑ם וּבַמָּ֣ה אֲכַפֵּ֔ר וּבָרְכ֖וּ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And David asked the Gibeonites, “What should I do for you, and by what means can I make atonement so that you bless the Lord's inheritance?” |
asked ← said to.
Gibeonites: see Josh 9:3. so that you bless ← and bless. See [Ges-HG] §110i. |
| 2 Sam 21:4 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ ל֣וֹ הַגִּבְעֹנִ֗ים אֵֽין־*לי **לָ֜נוּ כֶּ֤סֶף וְזָהָב֙ עִם־שָׁא֣וּל וְעִם־בֵּית֔וֹ וְאֵֽין־לָ֥נוּ אִ֖ישׁ לְהָמִ֣ית בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מָֽה־אַתֶּ֥ם אֹמְרִ֖ים אֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | Then the Gibeonites said to him, “{K:I} [Q:We] do not have a demand for silver or gold with Saul or with his house, nor do we have a demand to kill any man in Israel.” And he said, “Whatever you say, I will do for you.” |
Gibeonites: see Josh 9:3.
have a demand to kill: the construction is the same as (have a demand for) silver or gold, so it has to stand. But it is followed by seven exceptions. Exceptions are known elsewhere in scripture, e.g. 2 Ki 11:1-2, 1 Cor 1:14-16. |
| 2 Sam 21:5 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּלָּ֔נוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּמָּה־לָ֑נוּ נִשְׁמַ֕דְנוּ מֵֽהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב בְּכָל־גְּבֻ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And they said to the king, “The man who was exterminating us and who schemed against us, that we should be destroyed, so as not to have a place in any of the territory of Israel – |
to have a place ← to set ourselves.
any ← all. territory ← border. |
| 2 Sam 21:6 | *ינתן־**יֻתַּן־לָ֜נוּ שִׁבְעָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ מִבָּנָ֔יו וְהוֹקַֽעֲנוּם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּגִבְעַ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל בְּחִ֣יר יְהוָ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲנִ֥י אֶתֵּֽן׃ | let seven men from his sons be given to us, and we will impale them to the Lord in Gibeah of Saul, the Lord's chosen one.” And the king said, “I will give you them.” |
let ... be given: the ketiv is niphal and the qeré is pual with the same meaning.
impale: or hang, but it is not the usual word for hang. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| 2 Sam 21:7 | וַיַּחְמֹ֣ל הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַל־מְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁת בֶּן־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בֶּן־שָׁא֑וּל עַל־שְׁבֻעַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֵּֽינֹתָ֔ם בֵּ֣ין דָּוִ֔ד וּבֵ֖ין יְהוֹנָתָ֥ן בֶּן־שָׁאֽוּל׃ | But the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, on account of the Lord's oath which was between them – between David and Jonathan the son of Saul. | |
| 2 Sam 21:8 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־שְׁ֠נֵי בְּנֵ֨י רִצְפָּ֤ה בַת־אַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלְדָ֣ה לְשָׁא֔וּל אֶת־אַרְמֹנִ֖י וְאֶת־מְפִבֹ֑שֶׁת וְאֶת־חֲמֵ֗שֶׁת בְּנֵי֙ מִיכַ֣ל בַּת־שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלְדָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־בַּרְזִלַּ֖י הַמְּחֹלָתִֽי׃ | So the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of the sister of Michal, Saul's daughter, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite. | the sister of Michal: Michal had no children (2 Sam 6:23), and her sister Merab was given to Adriel (1 Sam 18:19). The Targum supports the notion of Michal fostering Merab's children. Another apparent ellipsis of a sibling relation is in 2 Sam 21:19. |
| 2 Sam 21:9 | וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֞ם בְּיַ֣ד הַגִּבְעֹנִ֗ים וַיֹּקִיעֻ֤ם בָּהָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּפְּל֥וּ *שבעתים **שְׁבַעְתָּ֖ם יָ֑חַד *והם **וְהֵ֨מָּה הֻמְת֜וּ בִּימֵ֤י קָצִיר֙ בָּרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים *תחלת **בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ | And he handed them over to the Gibeonites, and they impaled them on the mountain before the Lord, and {Q: the seven of them} [K: sevenfold they] fell together, and they were put to death in the days of the harvest, at its start, {K: at} [Q: at] the beginning of the barley harvest. |
they: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
handed them over to ← gave them in the hand of. Gibeonites: see Josh 9:3. impaled: see 2 Sam 21:6. |
| 2 Sam 21:10 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח רִצְפָּה֩ בַת־אַיָּ֨ה אֶת־הַשַּׂ֜ק וַתַּטֵּ֨הוּ לָ֤הּ אֶל־הַצּוּר֙ מִתְּחִלַּ֣ת קָצִ֔יר עַ֛ד נִתַּךְ־מַ֥יִם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־נָתְנָה֩ ע֨וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם לָנ֤וּחַ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְאֶת־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לָֽיְלָה׃ | And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took some sackcloth and spread it out for herself at the rock at the beginning of the harvest, until water from the sky flowed over them, and she did not let the birds of the sky rest on them by day, or the wild animals by night. |
rock: or refuge.
wild animals ← animal of the field. |
| 2 Sam 21:11 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לְדָוִ֑ד אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֛ה רִצְפָּ֥ה בַת־אַיָּ֖ה פִּלֶ֥גֶשׁ שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And it was reported to David – what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, Saul's concubine did. | |
| 2 Sam 21:12 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־עַצְמ֤וֹת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־עַצְמוֹת֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מֵאֵ֕ת בַּעֲלֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֲשֶׁר֩ גָּנְב֨וּ אֹתָ֜ם מֵרְחֹ֣ב בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר *תלום **תְּלָא֥וּם *שם *הפלשתים **שָׁ֙מָּה֙ **פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים בְּי֨וֹם הַכּ֧וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | And David went to get Saul's bones and the bones of Jonathan his son from the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead, who had stolen them from the square of Beth-Shan, where {K: the Philistines} [Q: the Philistines] had hanged them on the day when the Philistines struck Saul down in Gilboa. |
where: the qeré reads to where (pregnant usage). The ketiv is without motion.
had hanged: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré. inhabitants: or lords. Jabesh-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. square: or street. |
| 2 Sam 21:13 | וַיַּ֤עַל מִשָּׁם֙ אֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת שָׁא֔וּל וְאֶת־עַצְמ֖וֹת יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֑וֹ וַיַּ֣אַסְפ֔וּ אֶת־עַצְמ֖וֹת הַמּוּקָעִֽים׃ | And he brought Saul's bones up from there, and the bones of Jonathan his son, and they gathered the bones of those who were impaled. | impaled: see 2 Sam 21:6. |
| 2 Sam 21:14 | וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֶת־עַצְמוֹת־שָׁא֣וּל וִיהוֹנָֽתָן־בְּ֠נוֹ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֜ן בְּצֵלָ֗ע בְּקֶ֙בֶר֙ קִ֣ישׁ אָבִ֔יו וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּעָתֵ֧ר אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָאָ֖רֶץ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵֽן׃ פ | And they buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in Benjamin's land, in Zela, in the grave of Kish his father. And they did everything that the king commanded. And God was prevailed on for the land after that. | Zela: see Josh 18:28. |
| 2 Sam 21:15 | וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד מִלְחָמָ֛ה לַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֨רֶד דָּוִ֜ד וַעֲבָדָ֥יו עִמּ֛וֹ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיָּ֥עַף דָּוִֽד׃ | Then the Philistines had another war with Israel, and David went down, as did his servants with him, and he fought the Philistines, and David became fatigued. | |
| 2 Sam 21:16 | *וישבו **וְיִשְׁבִּ֨י בְּנֹ֜ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בִּילִידֵ֣י הָרָפָ֗ה וּמִשְׁקַ֤ל קֵינוֹ֙ שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ מִשְׁקַ֣ל נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְה֖וּא חָג֣וּר חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְהַכּ֥וֹת אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃ | And {K: Ishbo-Benob} [Q: Ishbi-Benob], who was among the offspring of Rapha, the weight of whose spear was three hundred copper weights, and who was newly girded up, stated his intention to strike David. | the offspring of Rapha ← the offspring of the Rapha i.e. the Raphaim. See [CB], appendices 23 and 25. |
| 2 Sam 21:17 | וַיַּֽעֲזָר־לוֹ֙ אֲבִישַׁ֣י בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ אָ֣ז נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁי־דָוִ֨ד ל֜וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־תֵצֵ֨א ע֤וֹד אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תְכַבֶּ֖ה אֶת־נֵ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and he struck the Philistine and killed him. Then David's men swore to him and said, “You shall no longer come out with us to battle, so that you do not snuff out Israel's lamp.” | |
| 2 Sam 21:18 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה בְּג֖וֹב עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים אָ֣ז הִכָּ֗ה סִבְּכַי֙ הַחֻ֣שָׁתִ֔י אֶת־סַ֕ף אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּילִדֵ֥י הָרָפָֽה׃ פ | And it came to pass after this, that there was another war in Gob with the Philistines, when Sibbechai the Hushathite struck down Saph, who was among the offspring of Rapha. |
|| 1 Chr 20:4.
Rapha ← the Rapha. |
| 2 Sam 21:19 | וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה בְּג֖וֹב עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּ֡ךְ אֶלְחָנָן֩ בֶּן־יַעְרֵ֨י אֹרְגִ֜ים בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִ֗י אֵ֚ת גָּלְיָ֣ת הַגִּתִּ֔י וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֔וֹ כִּמְנ֖וֹר אֹרְגִֽים׃ ס | Then there was another war in Gob with the Philistines, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim, a Bethlehemite, struck the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver's beam. |
|| 1 Chr 20:5.
a Bethlehemite ← the Bethlehemite. See Gen 35:19. the brother of Goliath: inferring from 1 Chr 20:5, and noting a similar style in 2 Sam 21:8. For Goliath's spear, see 1 Sam 17:7. Alternatively, we have here another Goliath. a weaver's beam ← a beam of weavers. |
| 2 Sam 21:20 | וַתְּהִי־ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ *מדין **מָד֗וֹן וְאֶצְבְּעֹ֣ת יָדָיו֩ וְאֶצְבְּעֹ֨ת רַגְלָ֜יו שֵׁ֣שׁ וָשֵׁ֗שׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְאַרְבַּע֙ מִסְפָּ֔ר וְגַם־ה֖וּא יֻלַּ֥ד לְהָרָפָֽה׃ | And there was another war in Gath, and there was a man of great stature, the fingers of whose hands and the toes of whose feet were six apiece – twenty-four in number – and he too had been born to Rapha. |
stature: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré, or it means Media.
|| 1 Chr 20:6. six apiece ← six and six. Rapha ← the Rapha. |
| 2 Sam 21:21 | וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן־*שמעי **שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽד׃ | And when he showed contempt for Israel, Jonathan the son of {Q: Shimah} [K: Shimei], David's brother, struck him down. |
Shimah (qeré): see 2 Sam 13:3.
Shimei (ketiv): see 2 Sam 16:5. || 1 Chr 20:7. |
| 2 Sam 21:22 | אֶת־אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֵ֛לֶּה יֻלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד־דָּוִ֖ד וּבְיַ֥ד עֲבָדָֽיו׃ פ | These four were born to Rapha in Gath, and they fell at the hand of David and at the hand of his servants. |
|| 1 Chr 20:8.
Rapha ← the Rapha. |
| 2 Sam 22:1 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּיוֹם֩ הִצִּ֨יל יְהוָ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹיְבָ֖יו וּמִכַּ֥ף שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And David spoke the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from Saul's hand. | || Ps 18:1. |
| 2 Sam 22:2 | וַיֹּאמַ֑ר יְהוָ֛ה סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצֻדָתִ֖י וּמְפַלְטִי־לִֽי׃ |
And he said,
“The Lord is my rock and my fortress, And my deliverer, |
|| Ps 18:2, Ps 18:3 (Ps 18:1AV, Ps 18:2AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:3 | אֱלֹהֵ֥י צוּרִ֖י אֶחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָגִנִּ֞י וְקֶ֣רֶן יִשְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּי֙ וּמְנוּסִ֔י מֹשִׁעִ֕י מֵחָמָ֖ס תֹּשִׁעֵֽנִי׃ |
The God of my rock; I will put my trust in him – My shield and the horn of my salvation, My high stronghold and my refuge, My saviour. You save me from violence. |
the God of my rock: alternative pointing, אֱלֺהַי, Elohai, would give my God (is) my rock.
Heb 2:13. || Ps 18:3 (Ps 18:2AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:4 | מְהֻלָּ֖ל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּמֵאֹיְבַ֖י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ |
I will call on the praiseworthy Lord, And I will be saved from my enemies. |
|| Ps 18:4 (Ps 18:3AV).
praiseworthy: gerundival use of the participle. |
| 2 Sam 22:5 | כִּ֥י אֲפָפֻ֖נִי מִשְׁבְּרֵי־מָ֑וֶת נַחֲלֵ֥י בְלִיַּ֖עַל יְבַעֲתֻֽנִי׃ |
For the breaker-waves of death surrounded me, And the onslaughts of the reprobate alarmed me, |
|| Ps 18:5 (Ps 18:4AV).
onslaughts ← torrents. reprobate ← useless; often used of the rebellious. |
| 2 Sam 22:6 | חֶבְלֵ֥י שְׁא֖וֹל סַבֻּ֑נִי קִדְּמֻ֖נִי מֹֽקְשֵׁי־מָֽוֶת׃ |
The tightening grip of the grave encompassed me; Deadly snares confronted me. |
|| Ps 18:6 (Ps 18:5AV).
tightening grip ← cords, or pangs. deadly snares ← snares of death, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 2 Sam 22:7 | בַּצַּר־לִי֙ אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַ֖י אֶקְרָ֑א וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע מֵהֵֽיכָלוֹ֙ קוֹלִ֔י וְשַׁוְעָתִ֖י בְּאָזְנָֽיו׃ |
When I was in a strait, I called on the Lord, And I called to my God, And he heard my voice from his temple, And my cry reached his ears. |
|| Ps 18:7 (Ps 18:6AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:8 | *ותגעש **וַיִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ וַתִּרְעַשׁ֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מוֹסְד֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ כִּֽי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ |
And the earth shook and trembled; The foundations of heaven quaked and shook, Because he was furious. |
shook: the ketiv (various stem-formations possible; we suggest qal), and the qeré (hithpael), have the same meaning.
|| Ps 18:8 (Ps 18:7AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:9 | עָלָ֤ה עָשָׁן֙ בְּאַפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֥שׁ מִפִּ֖יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל גֶּחָלִ֖ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Smoke went up in his nostrils, And fire from his mouth came devouring; Coals were kindled by him. |
|| Ps 18:9 (Ps 18:8AV).
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. by him: or by it, but fire is feminine here. |
| 2 Sam 22:10 | וַיֵּ֥ט שָׁמַ֖יִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃ |
And he stretched out the heavens and descended, And thick darkness was under his feet. |
|| Ps 18:10 (Ps 18:9AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:11 | וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב עַל־כְּר֖וּב וַיָּעֹ֑ף וַיֵּרָ֖א עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ |
And he rode on a cherub and flew And was seen on the wings of the wind. |
|| Ps 18:11 (Ps 18:10AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:12 | וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃ |
And he set darkness around him as canopies; There were accumulations of water And the thick clouds of the upper skies. |
|| Ps 18:12 (Ps 18:11AV).
canopies: or booths. |
| 2 Sam 22:13 | מִנֹּ֖גַהּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ בָּעֲר֖וּ גַּחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
At the brightness ahead of him Were fiery coals blazing away. |
|| Ps 18:13 (Ps 18:12AV).
fiery coals ← coals of fire, metonymically for lightning [AnLx]. |
| 2 Sam 22:14 | יַרְעֵ֥ם מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם יְהוָ֑ה וְעֶלְי֖וֹן יִתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord thunders from heaven, And the Most High sounds his voice. |
|| Ps 18:14 (Ps 18:13AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:15 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח חִצִּ֖ים וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם בָּרָ֖ק *ויהמם **וַיָּהֹֽם׃ |
And he sent his arrows, And he scattered them, And lightning, And he {K: routed them} [Q: caused rout]. |
|| Ps 18:15 (Ps 18:14AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:16 | וַיֵּֽרָאוּ֙ אֲפִ֣קֵי יָ֔ם יִגָּל֖וּ מֹסְד֣וֹת תֵּבֵ֑ל בְּגַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מִנִּשְׁמַ֖ת ר֥וּחַ אַפּֽוֹ׃ |
Then channels of the sea appeared; The foundations of the world were revealed At the Lord's rebuke – At the blast of the wind from his nostrils. |
|| Ps 18:16 (Ps 18:15AV).
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. |
| 2 Sam 22:17 | יִשְׁלַ֥ח מִמָּר֖וֹם יִקָּחֵ֑נִי יַֽמְשֵׁ֖נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
He sent help from on high, And he took hold of me; He drew me out of great waters. |
|| Ps 18:17 (Ps 18:16AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:18 | יַצִּילֵ֕נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֖י עָ֑ז מִשֹּׂ֣נְאַ֔י כִּ֥י אָמְצ֖וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
He delivered me from my strong enemy – From those who hate me – For they were stronger than I was. |
|| Ps 18:18 (Ps 18:17AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:19 | יְקַדְּמֻ֖נִי בְּי֣וֹם אֵידִ֑י וַיְהִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה מִשְׁעָ֖ן לִֽי׃ |
They confronted me on my day of distress, But the Lord became a support for me, |
|| Ps 18:19 (Ps 18:18AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:20 | וַיֹּצֵ֥א לַמֶּרְחָ֖ב אֹתִ֑י יְחַלְּצֵ֖נִי כִּי־חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃ |
And he brought me out into a wide place; He delivered me Because he delighted in me. |
|| Ps 18:20 (Ps 18:19AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:21 | יִגְמְלֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה כְּצִדְקָתִ֑י כְּבֹ֥ר יָדַ֖י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃ |
The Lord recompensed me According to my righteousness; According to the cleanness of my hands He rewarded me. |
|| Ps 18:21 (Ps 18:20AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:22 | כִּ֥י שָׁמַ֖רְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א רָשַׁ֖עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
For I have kept the ways of the Lord, And I have not committed wickedness against my God. |
|| Ps 18:22 (Ps 18:21AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:23 | כִּ֥י כָל־*משפטו **מִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו לֹא־אָס֥וּר מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
For {Q: all his injunctions were} [K: his whole body of injunctions was] before me, And I did not depart from any of his statutes. |
|| Ps 18:23 (Ps 18:22AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:24 | וָאֶהְיֶ֥ה תָמִ֖ים ל֑וֹ וָאֶשְׁתַּמְּרָ֖ה מֵעֲוֺנִֽי׃ |
And I was perfect towards him, And I kept myself from iniquity. |
|| Ps 18:24 (Ps 18:23AV).
iniquity ← my iniquity. |
| 2 Sam 22:25 | וַיָּ֧שֶׁב יְהוָ֛ה לִ֖י כְּצִדְקָתִ֑י כְּבֹרִ֖י לְנֶ֥גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ |
And the Lord rewarded me according to my righteousness – According to my cleanness Before his eyes. |
|| Ps 18:25 (Ps 18:24AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:26 | עִם־חָסִ֖יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד עִם־גִּבּ֥וֹר תָּמִ֖ים תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ |
With the kind, you will act kindly; With the perfect warrior, you will act in perfection. |
|| Ps 18:26 (Ps 18:25AV).
kind: or devout. |
| 2 Sam 22:27 | עִם־נָבָ֖ר תִּתָּבָ֑ר וְעִם־עִקֵּ֖שׁ תִּתַּפָּֽל׃ |
With the pure, you will act in purity, But with the perverse, you will act in a convoluted way. |
|| Ps 18:27 (Ps 18:26AV).
act in a convoluted way: or wrestle. |
| 2 Sam 22:28 | וְאֶת־עַ֥ם עָנִ֖י תּוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְעֵינֶ֖יךָ עַל־רָמִ֥ים תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃ |
And you will save an afflicted people, But your eyes are against those who are haughty; You bring them low. |
|| Ps 18:28 (Ps 18:27AV).
afflicted people ← people of affliction, an objective Hebraic genitive. |
| 2 Sam 22:29 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה נֵירִ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיהוָ֖ה יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ |
For you, O Lord, are my lamp, And the Lord brightens my darkness. |
|| Ps 18:29 (Ps 18:28AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:30 | כִּ֥י בְכָ֖ה אָר֣וּץ גְּד֑וּד בֵּאלֹהַ֖י אֲדַלֶּג־שֽׁוּר׃ |
For through you, I can run through a battalion; Through my God I can leap over a wall. |
|| Ps 18:30 (Ps 18:29AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:31 | הָאֵ֖ל תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכּ֑וֹ אִמְרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ צְרוּפָ֔ה מָגֵ֣ן ה֔וּא לְכֹ֖ל הַחֹסִ֥ים בּֽוֹ׃ |
As for God, his way is perfect. The word of the Lord has been refined. He is a shield to all who trust in him. |
|| Ps 18:31 (Ps 18:30AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:32 | כִּ֥י מִי־אֵ֖ל מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וּמִ֥י צ֖וּר מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
For who is God Apart from the Lord? And who is a rock Apart from our God? |
Mark 12:32.
|| Ps 18:32 (Ps 18:31AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:33 | הָאֵ֥ל מָעוּזִּ֖י חָ֑יִל וַיַּתֵּ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים *דרכו **דַּרְכִּֽי׃ |
God is my mighty fortress, Who directs {Q: my} [K: his] perfect way, |
|| Ps 18:33 (Ps 18:32AV).
God is my mighty fortress ← God my fortress (is) might. |
| 2 Sam 22:34 | מְשַׁוֶּ֥ה *רגליו **רַגְלַ֖י כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת וְעַ֥ל בָּמוֹתַ֖י יַעֲמִדֵֽנִי׃ |
Who makes {Q: my} [K: his] feet like those of hinds, And stands me on my heights; |
|| Ps 18:34 (Ps 18:33AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:35 | מְלַמֵּ֥ד יָדַ֖י לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִחַ֥ת קֶֽשֶׁת־נְחוּשָׁ֖ה זְרֹעֹתָֽי׃ |
Who teaches my hands the skills of war, So a copper bow can be drawn by my arms. |
|| Ps 18:35 (Ps 18:34AV).
drawn: niphal (or perhaps piel) of נָחַת. AV differs (broken), from חָתַת. |
| 2 Sam 22:36 | וַתִּתֶּן־לִ֖י מָגֵ֣ן יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ וַעֲנֹתְךָ֖ תַּרְבֵּֽנִי׃ |
And you gave me the shield of your salvation, Whilst your action makes me great. |
|| Ps 18:36 (Ps 18:35AV).
action: [AnLx] analyzes this as a contraction of וַעַנְוָתְךָ, your meekness, but we take it as the infinitive of עָנָה, to bestow labour. |
| 2 Sam 22:37 | תַּרְחִ֥יב צַעֲדִ֖י תַּחְתֵּ֑נִי וְלֹ֥א מָעֲד֖וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי׃ |
You enlarged my step under me, And my ankles did not slip. |
|| Ps 18:37 (Ps 18:36AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:38 | אֶרְדְּפָ֥ה אֹיְבַ֖י וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֑ם וְלֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ |
I pursued my enemies And destroyed them, And I did not return Until I had made an end of them. |
|| Ps 18:38 (Ps 18:37AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:39 | וָאֲכַלֵּ֥ם וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יְקוּמ֑וּן וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽי׃ |
And I consumed them, and I crushed them, So that they could not get up, And they fell under my feet. |
|| Ps 18:39 (Ps 18:38AV).
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 22:40 | וַתַּזְרֵ֥נִי חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה תַּכְרִ֥יעַ קָמַ֖י תַּחְתֵּֽנִי׃ |
And you girded me with valour for war; You brought down my opponents under me. |
girded me: this word assumes aphaeresis of an aleph. Re-pointed as וַתִּזְרֵנִי it could read besprinkled me.
|| Ps 18:40 (Ps 18:39AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:41 | וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔י תַּ֥תָּה לִּ֖י עֹ֑רֶף מְשַׂנְאַ֖י וָאַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ |
And you gave me the neck of my enemies – Those who hate me – And I cut them down. |
|| Ps 18:41 (Ps 18:40AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:42 | יִשְׁע֖וּ וְאֵ֣ין מֹשִׁ֑יעַ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עָנָֽם׃ |
They looked, But there was no saviour; They looked to the Lord, But he did not answer them. |
|| Ps 18:42 (Ps 18:41AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:43 | וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃ |
And I pulverized them like the dust of the ground, I ground them fine like the filth of the streets; I trod them under foot. |
|| Ps 18:43 (Ps 18:42AV).
trod them under foot: or scattered them. |
| 2 Sam 22:44 | וַֽתְּפַלְּטֵ֔נִי מֵרִיבֵ֖י עַמִּ֑י תִּשְׁמְרֵ֙נִי֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֔ם עַ֥ם לֹא־יָדַ֖עְתִּי יַעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ |
And you delivered me from the contentions of my people; You kept me at the head of nations. A people that I did not know Will serve me. |
|| Ps 18:44 (Ps 18:43AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:45 | בְּנֵ֥י נֵכָ֖ר יִתְכַּֽחֲשׁוּ־לִ֑י לִשְׁמ֥וֹעַ אֹ֖זֶן יִשָּׁ֥מְעוּ לִֽי׃ |
Foreigners will feign obedience to me. At bidding coming to their ears, They will be obedient to me. |
|| Ps 18:45 (Ps 18:44AV).
feign obedience: hithpael for feigning. See Gen 42:7. at bidding coming to their ears ← at the hearing of the ear. |
| 2 Sam 22:46 | בְּנֵ֥י נֵכָ֖ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ וְיַחְגְּר֖וּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתָֽם׃ |
Foreigners will fade away; They will be wrenched out of their confines. |
|| Ps 18:46 (Ps 18:45AV).
be wrenched out: either from the root as written, or with metathesis of the gimel and resh of the root חרג, which means to be straitened or to fear. AV differs (be afraid). |
| 2 Sam 22:47 | חַי־יְהוָ֖ה וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י וְיָרֻ֕ם אֱלֹהֵ֖י צ֥וּר יִשְׁעִֽי׃ |
How the Lord lives, And my rock is blessed, And the God of the rock of my salvation is exalted |
|| Ps 18:47 (Ps 18:46AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:48 | הָאֵ֕ל הַנֹּתֵ֥ן נְקָמֹ֖ת לִ֑י וּמוֹרִ֥יד עַמִּ֖ים תַּחְתֵּֽנִי׃ |
– The God who gives me vengeance, And who subjugates various peoples under me, |
|| Ps 18:48 (Ps 18:47AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:49 | וּמוֹצִיאִ֖י מֵאֹֽיְבָ֑י וּמִקָּמַי֙ תְּר֣וֹמְמֵ֔נִי מֵאִ֥ישׁ חֲמָסִ֖ים תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃ |
And who extricates me from my enemies. You also raise me up above those who rise up against me; You rescue me from the man of violence. |
|| Ps 18:49 (Ps 18:48AV).
extricates ← brings out. above ← from. |
| 2 Sam 22:50 | עַל־כֵּ֛ן אוֹדְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וּלְשִׁמְךָ֖ אֲזַמֵּֽר׃ |
That is why I will praise you, O Lord, among the nations, And I will sing psalms to your name. |
Rom 15:9.
|| Ps 18:50 (Ps 18:49AV). |
| 2 Sam 22:51 | *מגדיל **מִגְדּ֖וֹל יְשׁוּע֣וֹת מַלְכּ֑וֹ וְעֹֽשֶׂה־חֶ֧סֶד לִמְשִׁיח֛וֹ לְדָוִ֥ד וּלְזַרְע֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ פ |
He {K: magnifies acts of} [Q: is the tower of] salvation of his king, Also showing kindness to his anointed – To David and to his seed, Age-abidingly.” |
magnifies: we read the ketiv as מַגְדִּיל.
|| Ps 18:51 (Ps 18:50AV). anointed: the same word as messiah. |
| 2 Sam 23:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִר֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Now these are the last words of David, The utterance of David the son of Jesse, And the utterance of the man raised up high, The anointed of the God of Jacob, Which are the pleasantness of the songs of Israel. |
the pleasantness of: AV differs (said), apparently reading נְאוּם.
anointed: the same word as messiah. |
| 2 Sam 23:2 | ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֶּר־בִּ֑י וּמִלָּת֖וֹ עַל־לְשׁוֹנִֽי׃ |
“The spirit of the Lord spoke through me, And its word was on my tongue. |
|
| 2 Sam 23:3 | אָמַר֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ֥י דִבֶּ֖ר צ֣וּר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מוֹשֵׁל֙ בָּאָדָ֔ם צַדִּ֕יק מוֹשֵׁ֖ל יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
The God of Israel said – The rock of Israel spoke to me – ‘A ruler over men shall be just; A ruler shall have fear of God. |
|
| 2 Sam 23:4 | וּכְא֥וֹר בֹּ֖קֶר יִזְרַח־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ בֹּ֚קֶר לֹ֣א עָב֔וֹת מִנֹּ֥גַהּ מִמָּטָ֖ר דֶּ֥שֶׁא מֵאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And he will shine like morning light When the sun rises, On a morning without clouds, At the brilliance after rain On the grass shooting up out of the ground.’ |
|
| 2 Sam 23:5 | כִּֽי־לֹא־כֵ֥ן בֵּיתִ֖י עִם־אֵ֑ל כִּי֩ בְרִ֨ית עוֹלָ֜ם שָׂ֣ם לִ֗י עֲרוּכָ֤ה בַכֹּל֙ וּשְׁמֻרָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָל־יִשְׁעִ֥י וְכָל־חֵ֖פֶץ כִּֽי־לֹ֥א יַצְמִֽיחַ׃ |
For is not my house like that with God? For he has appointed an age-abiding covenant for me, Ordered in all matters and secure, For it is all my salvation and all my desire. For shall he not make it spring up? |
secure ← guarded.
AV differs in many respects. Our translation is similar to [CB] (in the notes). |
| 2 Sam 23:6 | וּבְלִיַּ֕עַל כְּק֥וֹץ מֻנָ֖ד כֻּלָּ֑הַם כִּֽי־לֹ֥א בְיָ֖ד יִקָּֽחוּ׃ |
But the good-for-nothing is like a thorn bush; All of them are cast out, For they are not taken up in a hand. |
good-for-nothing ← useless.
cast out ← driven about, but cognate with fleeing. they are not taken up in a hand ← they do not take (them up). Avoidance of the passive. |
| 2 Sam 23:7 | וְאִישׁ֙ יִגַּ֣ע בָּהֶ֔ם יִמָּלֵ֥א בַרְזֶ֖ל וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִ֑ית וּבָאֵ֕שׁ שָׂר֥וֹף יִשָּׂרְפ֖וּ בַּשָּֽׁבֶת׃ פ |
But if a man touches them, Let him be furnished with iron And the shaft of a spear. And they will be utterly burned up By the fire on the spot.” |
furnished ← filled.
shaft ← wood. be utterly burned up: infinitive absolute. on the spot ← at sitting. |
| 2 Sam 23:8 | אֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת הַגִּבֹּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑ד יֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּשֶּׁ֜בֶת תַּחְכְּמֹנִ֣י ׀ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׁלִשִׁ֗י ה֚וּא עֲדִינ֣וֹ *העצנו **הָֽעֶצְנִ֔י עַל־שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֛וֹת חָלָ֖ל בְּפַ֥עַם *אחד **אֶחָֽת׃ ס | These are the names of David's warriors: Josheb Bashshebeth the Tahchemonite, a head of the third rank – he is Adino the Eznite, famed for the eight hundred who were struck down by him at one time. |
Eznite: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
one: the ketiv is masculine (time is feminine), so discordant. || 1 Chr 11:11. Josheb Bashshebeth: AV differs (that sat in the seat), translating it. Tahchemonite: with a heth and a kaph. AV= Tachmonite. |
| 2 Sam 23:9 | *ואחרו **וְאַחֲרָ֛יו אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּן־*דדי **דֹּד֖וֹ בֶּן־אֲחֹחִ֑י בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה *גברים **הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים עִם־דָּוִ֗ד בְּחָֽרְפָ֤ם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים נֶאֶסְפוּ־שָׁ֣ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And after him came Eleazar the son of {Q: Dodo} [K: Dodi] the Ahohite among {K: the three warriors} [Q: the three warriors] with David when they defied the Philistines who had assembled there for war, when the men of Israel had gone up to battle. |
after him: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
|| 1 Chr 11:12, 1 Chr 11:13. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. Ahohite ← son of Ahohi, but Ahohi is probably a race. gone up: the verb is used ↴ |
| 2 Sam 23:10 | ה֣וּא קָם֩ וַיַּ֨ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים עַ֣ד ׀ כִּֽי־יָגְעָ֣ה יָד֗וֹ וַתִּדְבַּ֤ק יָדוֹ֙ אֶל־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהוָ֛ה תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְהָעָ֛ם יָשֻׁ֥בוּ אַחֲרָ֖יו אַךְ־לְפַשֵּֽׁט׃ ס | He arose and struck the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand stuck to the sword. And the Lord effected a great salvation on that day, and the people came back after him only to collect spoil. | ↳ of going to battle, as in Ex 1:10, Judg 20:18, Isa 21:2. |
| 2 Sam 23:11 | וְאַחֲרָ֛יו שַׁמָּ֥א בֶן־אָגֵ֖א הָרָרִ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַחַיָּ֗ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֞ם חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהָעָ֥ם נָ֖ס מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And after him came Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines assembled into a battalion, and there was a parcel of land there in a field full of lentils, and the people fled from the presence of the Philistines. |
|| 1 Chr 11:13.
Shammah ← Shamma here, but Shammah elsewhere except 1 Chr 7:37. We standardize on Shammah. Agee ← Age, pronounced Ag-é, avoiding confusion with the English word age. |
| 2 Sam 23:12 | וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֤ב בְּתוֹךְ־הַֽחֶלְקָה֙ וַיַּצִּילֶ֔הָ וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ ס | But he took his stand in the middle of the parcel of land, and he saved it, and he struck the Philistines, and the Lord brought about a great salvation. | || 1 Chr 11:14. |
| 2 Sam 23:13 | וַיֵּרְד֨וּ *שלשים **שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים רֹ֗אשׁ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֶל־קָצִיר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וְחַיַּ֣ת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֹנָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ | And {Q: three of the thirty heads} [K: thirty of the thirty heads] went down and came at harvest time to David at the cave of Adullam, while the battalion of the Philistines encamped in the Valley of the Rephaim. |
thirty of the thirty heads (ketiv): one could re-point מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁים as מֵהַשָּׁלִשִׁים to read thirty of the heads of the third rank. Compare 2 Sam 23:8. In support of the qeré is 2 Sam 23:16-17 where we have a threesome.
|| 1 Chr 11:15. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| 2 Sam 23:14 | וְדָוִ֖ד אָ֣ז בַּמְּצוּדָ֑ה וּמַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אָ֖ז בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | And David was then in the stronghold, whereas the garrison of the Philistines was at that time in Bethlehem. |
|| 1 Chr 11:16.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 2 Sam 23:15 | וַיִּתְאַוֶּ֥ה דָוִ֖ד וַיֹּאמַ֑ר מִ֚י יַשְׁקֵ֣נִי מַ֔יִם מִבֹּ֥אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And David had a longing, and he said, “Who will give me a drink of water from the cistern in Bethlehem, which is at the gate?” |
cistern in ← cistern of. Wider use of the construct state. But the word is pointed unusually, and unpointed it would normally be read well.
|| 1 Chr 11:17. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 2 Sam 23:16 | וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבֹּ֤אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And the three warriors broke through into the Philistines' camp and drew water from the cistern in Bethlehem, which is at the gate, and they carried it and brought it to David, but he was not willing to drink it, and he poured it out to the Lord. |
|| 1 Chr 11:18.
cistern in: see 2 Sam 23:15. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 2 Sam 23:17 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר חָלִילָה֩ לִּ֨י יְהוָ֜ה מֵעֲשֹׂ֣תִי זֹ֗את הֲדַ֤ם הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בְּנַפְשׁוֹתָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֑ם אֵ֣לֶּה עָשׂ֔וּ שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ ס | And he said, “Far be it from me, O Lord, that I should do this. Is this not the blood of the men who went at the risk of their lives?” So he was not willing to drink it. The three warriors did these things. |
|| 1 Chr 11:19.
lives ← souls. |
| 2 Sam 23:18 | וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ *השלשי **הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And Abishai the brother of Joab the son of Zeruiah was {Q: the head of the three} [K: a head of the third rank], and he raised his spear against three hundred who were struck down by him, and he had fame among the three. | || 1 Chr 11:20. |
| 2 Sam 23:19 | מִן־הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה֙ הֲכִ֣י נִכְבָּ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וְעַד־הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖ה לֹא־בָֽא׃ ס | Was he more honoured than the three? Now he became their commander, but he did not equal the three. |
|| 1 Chr 11:21.
equal ← come up to. |
| 2 Sam 23:20 | וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע בֶּן־אִֽישׁ־*חי **חַ֛יִל רַב־פְּעָלִ֖ים מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑ל ה֣וּא הִכָּ֗ה אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י אֲרִאֵל֙ מוֹאָ֔ב וְ֠הוּא יָרַ֞ד וְהִכָּ֧ה אֶֽת־*האריה **הָאֲרִ֛י בְּת֥וֹךְ הַבֹּ֖אר בְּי֥וֹם הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ | And there was Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, the son of {Q: a valiant man} [K: Ish-Hai], of many exploits, from Kabzeel. He struck down two men of Ariel of Moab, and he went down and struck a lion inside a pit on a snowy day. |
a pit: the consonantal text would normally be read as a well. Compare 2 Sam 23:15.
|| 1 Chr 11:22. Ariel: AV differs (lionlike), so not regarded as a place name. But see [CB] and Isa 29:1-2. a lion ← the lion. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. Also a play on words with Ariel, = lion of God. |
| 2 Sam 23:21 | וְהוּא־הִכָּה֩ אֶת־אִ֨ישׁ מִצְרִ֜י *אשר **אִ֣ישׁ מַרְאֶ֗ה וּבְיַ֤ד הַמִּצְרִי֙ חֲנִ֔ית וַיֵּ֥רֶד אֵלָ֖יו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִית֙ מִיַּ֣ד הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַיַּהַרְגֵ֖הוּ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃ | And he struck down an Egyptian man, {K: who was} [Q: a man] of fine appearance, and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear, and he went down against him with a staff, and he wrenched the spear from the Egyptian's hand and killed him with his spear. | || 1 Chr 11:23. |
| 2 Sam 23:22 | אֵ֣לֶּה עָשָׂ֔ה בְּנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and he had fame among the three warriors. |
|| 1 Chr 11:24.
did: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Sam 23:23 | מִן־הַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים נִכְבָּ֔ד וְאֶל־הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖ה לֹא־בָ֑א וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ דָוִ֖ד אֶל־מִשְׁמַעְתּֽוֹ׃ ס | He was more honoured than the thirty, but he was not equal to the three, and David appointed him to his council. |
|| 1 Chr 11:25.
was not equal ← did not come to. council ← audience; hearing. AV differs (guard), apparently reading מִשְׁמַרְתּוֹ. |
| 2 Sam 23:24 | עֲשָׂה־אֵ֥ל אֲחִֽי־יוֹאָ֖ב בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֑ים אֶלְחָנָ֥ן בֶּן־דֹּד֖וֹ בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | Asahel the brother of Joab was among the thirty, as were Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, |
|| 1 Chr 11:26.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 2 Sam 23:25 | שַׁמָּה֙ הַֽחֲרֹדִ֔י אֱלִיקָ֖א הַחֲרֹדִֽי׃ ס | Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, | || 1 Chr 11:27. |
| 2 Sam 23:26 | חֶ֚לֶץ הַפַּלְטִ֔י עִירָ֥א בֶן־עִקֵּ֖שׁ הַתְּקוֹעִֽי׃ ס | Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, | || 1 Chr 11:27, 1 Chr 11:28. |
| 2 Sam 23:27 | אֲבִיעֶ֙זֶר֙ הָֽעַנְּתֹתִ֔י מְבֻנַּ֖י הַחֻשָׁתִֽי׃ ס | Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, |
|| 1 Chr 11:28, 1 Chr 11:29.
Anathothite ← Annethothite, and AV= Anethothite, but the town is Anathoth, and the Hebrew for this word is unmorphological in Jer 29:27, 1 Chr 11:28 and 1 Chr 12:3, where ↴ |
| 2 Sam 23:28 | צַלְמוֹן֙ הָֽאֲחֹחִ֔י מַהְרַ֖י הַנְּטֹפָתִֽי׃ ס | Zalmon the Ahohite, Mahrai the Netophathite, |
↳ the MT pointing breaks a fundamental rule that two vocal shewas cannot occur together.
|| 1 Chr 11:29, 1 Chr 11:30. Mahrai: AV= Maharai. |
| 2 Sam 23:29 | חֵ֥לֶב בֶּֽן־בַּעֲנָ֖ה הַנְּטֹפָתִ֑י ס אִתַּי֙ בֶּן־רִיבַ֔י מִגִּבְעַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס | Heleb the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai from Gibeah, of the sons of Benjamin, |
|| 1 Chr 11:30, 1 Chr 11:31.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| 2 Sam 23:30 | בְּנָיָ֙הוּ֙ פִּרְעָ֣תֹנִ֔י הִדַּ֖י מִנַּ֥חֲלֵי גָֽעַשׁ׃ ס | Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash, | || 1 Chr 11:31, 1 Chr 11:32. |
| 2 Sam 23:31 | אֲבִֽי־עַלְבוֹן֙ הָֽעַרְבָתִ֔י עַזְמָ֖וֶת הַבַּרְחֻמִֽי׃ ס | Abi-Albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, | || 1 Chr 11:32, 1 Chr 11:33. |
| 2 Sam 23:32 | אֶלְיַחְבָּא֙ הַשַּׁ֣עַלְבֹנִ֔י בְּנֵ֥י יָשֵׁ֖ן יְהוֹנָתָֽן׃ ס | Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, |
|| 1 Chr 11:33, 1 Chr 11:34.
the sons of Jashen: perhaps 6 sons, which would make the total 37 (2 Sam 23:39). |
| 2 Sam 23:33 | שַׁמָּה֙ הַֽהֲרָרִ֔י אֲחִיאָ֥ם בֶּן־שָׁרָ֖ר הָארָרִֽי׃ ס | Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite, |
|| 1 Chr 11:35.
Ararite: perhaps a contracted form of Hararite. |
| 2 Sam 23:34 | אֱלִיפֶ֥לֶט בֶּן־אֲחַסְבַּ֖י בֶּן־הַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑י ס אֱלִיעָ֥ם בֶּן־אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל הַגִּלֹנִֽי׃ ס | Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, | || 1 Chr 11:35. |
| 2 Sam 23:35 | *חצרו **חֶצְרַי֙ הַֽכַּרְמְלִ֔י פַּעֲרַ֖י הָאַרְבִּֽי׃ ס | {K: Hezro} [Q: Hezrai] the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, | || 1 Chr 11:37. |
| 2 Sam 23:36 | יִגְאָ֤ל בֶּן־נָתָן֙ מִצֹּבָ֔ה ס בָּנִ֖י הַגָּדִֽי׃ ס | Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, | || 1 Chr 11:38. |
| 2 Sam 23:37 | צֶ֖לֶק הָעַמֹּנִ֑י ס נַחְרַי֙ הַבְּאֵ֣רֹתִ֔י *נשאי **נֹשֵׂ֕א כְּלֵ֖י יוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרֻיָֽה׃ ס | Zelek the Ammonite, Nahrai the Beerothite, {K: arms-bearers} [Q: arms-bearer] of Joab the son of Zeruiah, |
|| 1 Chr 11:39.
Nahrai: AV= Naharai. |
| 2 Sam 23:38 | עִירָא֙ הַיִּתְרִ֔י גָּרֵ֖ב הַיִּתְרִֽי׃ ס | Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, | || 1 Chr 11:40. |
| 2 Sam 23:39 | אֽוּרִיָּה֙ הַֽחִתִּ֔י כֹּ֖ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ פ | Uriah the Hittite – all thirty-seven of them. |
|| 1 Chr 11:41.
thirty-seven: thirty (2 Sam 23:24) perhaps not a rigid number, or thirty-seven includes any that had died and their replacements. |
| 2 Sam 24:1 | וַיֹּ֙סֶף֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה לַחֲר֖וֹת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֨סֶת אֶת־דָּוִ֤ד בָּהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֵ֛ךְ מְנֵ֥ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְאֶת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord's anger was again kindled against Israel, and he stirred David up against them and said, “Go and count Israel and Judah.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:1.
stirred ... up: [CB] explains as he suffered David to be stirred up. |
| 2 Sam 24:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־יוֹאָ֣ב ׀ שַׂר־הַחַ֣יִל אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ שֽׁוּט־נָ֞א בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִדָּן֙ וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע וּפִקְד֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וְיָ֣דַעְתִּ֔י אֵ֖ת מִסְפַּ֥ר הָעָֽם׃ ס | And the king said to Joab, the commander of the army, who was with him, “Go and cover the ground of all the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba, and count the people, so that I know the number of the people.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:2.
go and cover the ground ← run to and fro please. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 24:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹאָ֜ב אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיוֹסֵ֣ף יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֶל־הָעָ֜ם כָּהֵ֤ם ׀ וְכָהֵם֙ מֵאָ֣ה פְעָמִ֔ים וְעֵינֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ רֹא֑וֹת וַאדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֥מָּה חָפֵ֖ץ בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | But Joab said to the king, “Now may the Lord your God add to the people, some here and some there, a hundred times over, with the eyes of my lord the king observing it. But why does my lord the king delight in this matter?” | || 1 Chr 21:3. |
| 2 Sam 24:4 | וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב וְעַ֖ל שָׂרֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וַיֵּצֵ֨א יוֹאָ֜ב וְשָׂרֵ֤י הַחַ֙יִל֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְקֹ֥ד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But the king's decision was firm towards Joab and towards the commanders of the army, so Joab and the commanders of the army went out before the king to count the people – Israel. |
|| 1 Chr 21:4.
decision ← word. was firm ← was strong. |
| 2 Sam 24:5 | וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בַעֲרוֹעֵ֗ר יְמִ֥ין הָעִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַנַּ֥חַל הַגָּ֖ד וְאֶל־יַעְזֵֽר׃ | And they crossed the Jordan and encamped at Aroer, to the right of the city, this being in the middle of the ravine of Gad and towards Jazer. |
ravine ← stream, or wadi. See 1 Sam 15:5.
Jazer: see Num 21:32. |
| 2 Sam 24:6 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַגִּלְעָ֔דָה וְאֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֖ים חָדְשִׁ֑י וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ דָּ֣נָה יַּ֔עַן וְסָבִ֖יב אֶל־צִידֽוֹן׃ | And they came to Gilead and to the land of Tahtim-Hodshi. Then they came to Dan-Jaan and round towards Sidon. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| 2 Sam 24:7 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִבְצַר־צֹ֔ר וְכָל־עָרֵ֥י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י וַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ אֶל־נֶ֥גֶב יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | And they came to the fortification of Tyre and all the cities of the Hivites and the Canaanites, and they went out towards the south of Judah to Beersheba. | |
| 2 Sam 24:8 | וַיָּשֻׁ֖טוּ בְּכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ מִקְצֵ֨ה תִשְׁעָ֧ה חֳדָשִׁ֛ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים י֖וֹם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And they went up and down in all the land, and after nine months and twenty days they came to Jerusalem. |
|| 1 Chr 21:4.
after ← at the end of. |
| 2 Sam 24:9 | וַיִּתֵּ֥ן יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר מִפְקַד־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתְּהִ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל שְׁמֹנֶה֩ מֵא֨וֹת אֶ֤לֶף אִֽישׁ־חַ֙יִל֙ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חֶ֔רֶב וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה חֲמֵשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | And Joab gave the number of the census of the people to the king, and Israel consisted of eight hundred thousand soldiers who drew the sword, and Judah consisted of five hundred thousand men. |
|| 1 Chr 21:5.
consisted of ← was. Judah ← man of Judah. There is a different classification in 1 Chr 21:5. |
| 2 Sam 24:10 | וַיַּ֤ךְ לֵב־דָּוִד֙ אֹת֔וֹ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן סָפַ֣ר אֶת־הָעָ֑ם ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה חָטָ֤אתִי מְאֹד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַֽעֲבֶר־נָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּ֥י נִסְכַּ֖לְתִּי מְאֹֽד׃ | Then David's heart cut him up after he had counted the people, and David said to the Lord, “I have sinned greatly in that I did this. So now, O Lord, please remit the iniquity of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:8.
cut him up ← struck him. remit ← transfer. |
| 2 Sam 24:11 | וַיָּ֥קָם דָּוִ֖ד בַּבֹּ֑קֶר פ וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה הָיָה֙ אֶל־גָּ֣ד הַנָּבִ֔יא חֹזֵ֥ה דָוִ֖ד לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And when David arose in the morning, the word of the Lord came to Gad the prophet, David's seer, as follows: |
|| 1 Chr 21:9.
came ← became. as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Sam 24:12 | הָל֞וֹךְ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׁלֹ֕שׁ אָנֹכִ֖י נוֹטֵ֣ל עָלֶ֑יךָ בְּחַר־לְךָ֥ אַֽחַת־מֵהֶ֖ם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | “Go and say to David, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I have three things to impose on you. Choose one of them, and I will do it to you.» ’ ” |
|| 1 Chr 21:10.
go: infinitive absolute. this is what ← thus. I have three things to impose ← I am imposing three (things). |
| 2 Sam 24:13 | וַיָּבֹא־גָ֥ד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וַיַּגֶּד־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֡וֹ הֲתָב֣וֹא לְךָ֣ שֶֽׁבַע שָׁנִ֣ים ׀ רָעָ֣ב ׀ בְּאַרְצֶ֡ךָ אִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳ֠דָשִׁים נֻסְךָ֨ לִפְנֵֽי־צָרֶ֜יךָ וְה֣וּא רֹדְפֶ֗ךָ וְאִם־הֱ֠יוֹת שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֥ים דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּאַרְצֶ֔ךָ עַתָּה֙ דַּ֣ע וּרְאֵ֔ה מָה־אָשִׁ֥יב שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃ ס | So Gad went to David and told him and said to him, “Shall seven years of famine come in your land, or three months of you fleeing from your adversaries as they pursue you, or should there be three days of pestilence in your land? Now be aware of them and consider what answer I should give to him who sent me.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:11, 1 Chr 21:12.
they pursue ← he pursues. consider ← see; discern. what answer I should give ← what word I should return. |
| 2 Sam 24:14 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־גָּ֖ד צַר־לִ֣י מְאֹ֑ד נִפְּלָה־נָּ֤א בְיַד־יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־רַבִּ֣ים *רחמו **רַֽחֲמָ֔יו וּבְיַד־אָדָ֖ם אַל־אֶפֹּֽלָה׃ | Then David said to Gad, “I am very much in a strait. Let us, then, fall into the hand of the Lord, for his {Q: mercies are} [K: mercy is] great, and don't let me fall into the hand of man.” |
The ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
|| 1 Chr 21:13. great: or many. |
| 2 Sam 24:15 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵהַבֹּ֖קֶר וְעַד־עֵ֣ת מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיָּ֣מָת מִן־הָעָ֗ם מִדָּן֙ וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | So the Lord caused a pestilence in Israel, from the morning to the appointed time. And from Dan to Beersheba seventy thousand of the people died. |
|| 1 Chr 21:14.
caused ← gave, put. of the people ← man / person from the people. |
| 2 Sam 24:16 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יָד֨וֹ הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ ׀ יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם֮ לְשַׁחֲתָהּ֒ וַיִּנָּ֤חֶם יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וַ֠יֹּאמֶר לַמַּלְאָ֞ךְ הַמַּשְׁחִ֤ית בָּעָם֙ רַ֔ב עַתָּ֖ה הֶ֣רֶף יָדֶ֑ךָ וּמַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ הָיָ֔ה עִם־גֹּ֖רֶן *האורנה **הָאֲרַ֥וְנָה הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ ס | But when the angel stretched out his hand over Jerusalem to destroy it, the Lord grieved over the harm, and he said to the angel who was to destroy the people, “Enough now; stay your hand.” And the angel of the Lord was at the threshing floor of {Q: Araunah} [K: Ornah] the Jebusite. |
Araunah (qeré): MT= Haaravnah or the Aravnah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. In 1 and 2 Chronicles Ornan.
Ornah (ketiv) ← the Ornah. || 1 Chr 21:15. destroy ... destroy: or ravage ... ravage. stay ← slacken. |
| 2 Sam 24:17 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה בִּרְאֹת֣וֹ ׀ אֶֽת־הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ ׀ הַמַּכֶּ֣ה בָעָ֗ם וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֤י חָטָ֙אתִי֙ וְאָנֹכִ֣י הֶעֱוֵ֔יתִי וְאֵ֥לֶּה הַצֹּ֖אן מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑וּ תְּהִ֨י נָ֥א יָדְךָ֛ בִּ֖י וּבְבֵ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ פ | Then when David saw the angel who struck the people, he spoke to the Lord and said, “I see that I have sinned and that I have been iniquitous, but as for these sheep, what have they done? Let your hand, then, be against me and the house of my father.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:17.
when David saw ... he spoke ← when he saw ... David spoke. I see that ← behold. |
| 2 Sam 24:18 | וַיָּבֹא־גָ֥ד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ עֲלֵה֙ הָקֵ֤ם לַֽיהוָה֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ בְּגֹ֖רֶן *ארניה **אֲרַ֥וְנָה הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ | And Gad came to David on that day, and he said to him, “Go up and set up an altar to the Lord at the threshing floor of {Q: Araunah} [K: Orniah] the Jebusite.” |
Araunah (qeré) ... Orniah (ketiv): see 2 Sam 24:16, but note a small spelling change in the ketiv.
|| 1 Chr 21:18. |
| 2 Sam 24:19 | וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ כִּדְבַר־גָּ֔ד כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה׃ | So David went up according to Gad's words, as the Lord had commanded. |
|| 1 Chr 21:19.
words ← word. |
| 2 Sam 24:20 | וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣ף אֲרַ֗וְנָה וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו עֹבְרִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲרַ֔וְנָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | And when Araunah looked out and saw the king and his servants coming across to him, Araunah went out and prostrated himself to the king face down. |
|| 1 Chr 21:21.
Araunah (2x) ← Aravnah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Note ketiv and qeré readings in the previous verses. face down ← his face to the ground. |
| 2 Sam 24:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲרַ֔וְנָה מַדּ֛וּעַ בָּ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לִקְנ֧וֹת מֵעִמְּךָ֣ אֶת־הַגֹּ֗רֶן לִבְנ֤וֹת מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְתֵעָצַ֥ר הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל הָעָֽם׃ | And Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” And David said, “To purchase the threshing floor from you, to build an altar to the Lord, so that the plague on the people stops.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:22.
Araunah: see 2 Sam 24:16. so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 2 Sam 24:22 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲרַ֙וְנָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יִקַּ֥ח וְיַ֛עַל אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַטּ֣וֹב *בעינו **בְּעֵינָ֑יו רְאֵה֙ הַבָּקָ֣ר לָעֹלָ֔ה וְהַמֹּרִגִּ֛ים וּכְלֵ֥י הַבָּקָ֖ר לָעֵצִֽים׃ | Then Araunah said to David, “Let my lord the king take and offer up whatever is right in his sight. See the oxen for the burnt offering and the threshing boards and equipment to go with the oxen for wood.” |
sight ← eyes (qeré) / eye (ketiv).
|| 1 Chr 21:23. Araunah: see 2 Sam 24:20. right ← good. to go with ← of. |
| 2 Sam 24:23 | הַכֹּ֗ל נָתַ֛ן אֲרַ֥וְנָה הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ ס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲרַ֙וְנָה֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יִרְצֶֽךָ׃ | Araunah gave it all to the king – the king – and Araunah said to the king, “May the Lord your God accept you graciously.” |
|| 1 Chr 21:23.
Araunah (2x): see 2 Sam 24:20. the king (second occurrence in verse): at face value this reads Araunah the king, but that is hardly tenable. It could ↴ |
| 2 Sam 24:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אֲרַ֗וְנָה לֹ֚א כִּֽי־קָנ֨וֹ אֶקְנֶ֤ה מֵאֽוֹתְךָ֙ בִּמְחִ֔יר וְלֹ֧א אַעֲלֶ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י עֹל֣וֹת חִנָּ֑ם וַיִּ֨קֶן דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־הַגֹּ֙רֶן֙ וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֔ר בְּכֶ֖סֶף שְׁקָלִ֥ים חֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ | Then the king said to Araunah, “No, for I insist on buying it from you for its value, and I will not offer burnt offerings to the Lord my God at no cost.” And David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. |
↳ be read as O king, but that would require introducing direct speech in a rather contrived way.
|| 1 Chr 21:24, 1 Chr 21:25. Araunah: see 2 Sam 24:20. I insist on buying: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Sam 24:25 | וַיִּבֶן֩ שָׁ֨ם דָּוִ֤ד מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַל עֹל֖וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיֵּעָתֵ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ וַתֵּעָצַ֥ר הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And David built an altar to the Lord there, and he offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings, and the Lord was prevailed upon for the land, and the plague on Israel stopped. |
|| 1 Chr 21:26.
on Israel stopped ← was stayed from on Israel. |
| 1 Ki 1:1 | וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיְכַסֻּ֙הוּ֙ בַּבְּגָדִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִחַ֖ם לֽוֹ׃ | Now when King David was old, becoming advanced in years, they covered him with clothes, but he didn't become warm, |
advanced in years ← advanced in days.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 1:2 | וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ ל֣וֹ עֲבָדָ֗יו יְבַקְשׁ֞וּ לַאדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה וְעָֽמְדָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּתְהִי־ל֖וֹ סֹכֶ֑נֶת וְשָׁכְבָ֣ה בְחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וְחַ֖ם לַאדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | and his servants said to him, “Let us seek for my lord the king a girl, a virgin, who will stand before the king and be a companion to him, and who will lie in your bosom, and my lord the king will become warm.” |
let us seek ← let them seek, which could be translated let there be sought.
your: a change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew. See Lev 1:3. |
| 1 Ki 1:3 | וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה יָפָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְצְא֗וּ אֶת־אֲבִישַׁג֙ הַשּׁ֣וּנַמִּ֔ית וַיָּבִ֥אוּ אֹתָ֖הּ לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | So they sought a pretty girl in all the territory of Israel, and they found Abishag the Shunammitess, and they brought her to the king. | territory ← border. |
| 1 Ki 1:4 | וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה יָפָ֣ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וַתְּהִ֨י לַמֶּ֤לֶךְ סֹכֶ֙נֶת֙ וַתְּשָׁ֣רְתֵ֔הוּ וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א יְדָעָֽהּ׃ | And the girl was very pretty, and she became a companion to the king, and she attended to him, but the king did not know her. | know her: i.e. carnally. |
| 1 Ki 1:5 | וַאֲדֹנִיָּ֧ה בֶן־חַגִּ֛ית מִתְנַשֵּׂ֥א לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲנִ֣י אֶמְלֹ֑ךְ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ל֗וֹ רֶ֚כֶב וּפָ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו׃ | Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself and said, “I will reign”, and he organized for himself a chariot and horsemen and fifty men to run before him. | organized ← made. |
| 1 Ki 1:6 | וְלֹֽא־עֲצָב֨וֹ אָבִ֤יו מִיָּמָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַדּ֖וּעַ כָּ֣כָה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וְגַם־ה֤וּא טֽוֹב־תֹּ֙אַר֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאֹת֥וֹ יָלְדָ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And his father never criticized him, saying, “Why have you done this?” Moreover he was very handsome in appearance. Now Haggith had borne him after Absalom. |
his father: i.e. David. See 2 Sam 3:4.
never ← not from his days. criticized ← pained, grieved. this ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 1:7 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ דְבָרָ֔יו עִ֚ם יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וְעִ֖ם אֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַֽיַּעְזְר֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲדֹנִיָּֽה׃ | And there were dealings with Joab the son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported Adonijah. |
dealings ← words, things, matters.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. supported ← helped after. |
| 1 Ki 1:8 | וְצָד֣וֹק הַ֠כֹּהֵן וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֜ע וְנָתָ֤ן הַנָּבִיא֙ וְשִׁמְעִ֣י וְרֵעִ֔י וְהַגִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑ד לֹ֥א הָי֖וּ עִם־אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ׃ | But Zadok the priest and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada and Nathan the prophet and Shimei and Rei and the warriors who were attached to David were not with Adonijah. |
Benaiah ← Benaiahu, a fuller form of the name sometimes used.
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. Adonijah ← Adonijahu. |
| 1 Ki 1:9 | וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ צֹ֤אן וּבָקָר֙ וּמְרִ֔יא עִ֚ם אֶ֣בֶן הַזֹּחֶ֔לֶת אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֖צֶל עֵ֣ין רֹגֵ֑ל וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־כָּל־אֶחָיו֙ בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Adonijah sacrificed sheep and cattle and fatted calves at the Crawling Stone which is by En-Rogel, and he invited all his brothers – the king's sons – and all men of Judah who were the king's servants. | Crawling Stone: [AnLx] renders stone of the serpent and smooth stone. AV differs (stone of Zoheleth), transliterating. |
| 1 Ki 1:10 | וְֽאֶת־נָתָן֩ הַנָּבִ֨יא וּבְנָיָ֜הוּ וְאֶת־הַגִּבּוֹרִ֛ים וְאֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א קָרָֽא׃ | But he did not invite Nathan the prophet or Benaiah or the warriors or Solomon his brother. | |
| 1 Ki 1:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נָתָ֗ן אֶל־בַּת־שֶׁ֤בַע אֵם־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֣וֹא שָׁמַ֔עַתְּ כִּ֥י מָלַ֖ךְ אֲדֹנִיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־חַגִּ֑ית וַאֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ דָוִ֖ד לֹ֥א יָדָֽע׃ | And Nathan spoke to Bathsheba, Solomon's mother, and he said, “Have you not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith is reigning, and David our lord does not realize it? | realize ← know. |
| 1 Ki 1:12 | וְעַתָּ֕ה לְכִ֛י אִיעָצֵ֥ךְ נָ֖א עֵצָ֑ה וּמַלְּטִי֙ אֶת־נַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ וְאֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בְּנֵ֖ךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | So now, depart and please let me give you some advice, and save your life and your son Solomon's life. |
give you some advice ← advise you advice.
life (2x) ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 1:13 | לְכִ֞י וּבֹ֣אִי ׀ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וְאָמַ֤רְתְּ אֵלָיו֙ הֲלֹֽא־אַתָּ֞ה אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ נִשְׁבַּ֤עְתָּ לַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בְנֵךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרַ֔י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֑י וּמַדּ֖וּעַ מָלַ֥ךְ אֲדֹנִיָֽהוּ׃ | Depart and go to King David and say to him, ‘Did you not, my lord the king, swear to your maidservant and say, «Solomon your son will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?» So how come Adonijah is reigning?’ |
say ← say that, but introducing direct speech.
Adonijah ← Adonijahu. |
| 1 Ki 1:14 | הִנֵּ֗ה עוֹדָ֛ךְ מְדַבֶּ֥רֶת שָׁ֖ם עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאֲנִי֙ אָב֣וֹא אַחֲרַ֔יִךְ וּמִלֵּאתִ֖י אֶת־דְּבָרָֽיִךְ׃ | While you are still speaking there with the king, you will see that I will come after you and complement your words.” | you will see that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 1:15 | וַתָּבֹ֨א בַת־שֶׁ֤בֶע אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַחַ֔דְרָה וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֑ד וַֽאֲבִישַׁג֙ הַשּׁ֣וּנַמִּ֔ית מְשָׁרַ֖ת אֶת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | So Bathsheba went to the king, to the room where he was, and the king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammitess was attending to the king. | |
| 1 Ki 1:16 | וַתִּקֹּ֣ד בַּת־שֶׁ֔בַע וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־לָּֽךְ׃ | And Bathsheba bowed and prostrated herself to the king, and the king said, “What do you want?” | what do you want ← what to you. |
| 1 Ki 1:17 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אֲדֹנִי֙ אַתָּ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתָּ בַּֽיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנֵ֖ךְ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרָ֑י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִֽי׃ | And she said to him, “My lord, you swore by the Lord your God to your maidservant and said, ‘Solomon your son will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne.’ | and said ← that, but introducing direct speech. |
| 1 Ki 1:18 | וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אֲדֹנִיָּ֖ה מָלָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתָּ׃ | But now look, Adonijah is reigning, although, my lord the king, you do not now realize it. |
although: concessive use of the vav.
realize ← know. |
| 1 Ki 1:19 | וַ֠יִּזְבַּח שׁ֥וֹר וּֽמְרִיא־וְצֹאן֮ לָרֹב֒ וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְאֶבְיָתָר֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וּלְיֹאָ֖ב שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֑א וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א קָרָֽא׃ | And he has sacrificed oxen and fatted calves and sheep in abundance, and he invited all the king's sons, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the commander of the army, but he did not invite Solomon your servant. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 1:20 | וְאַתָּה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עֵינֵ֥י כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עָלֶ֑יךָ לְהַגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם מִ֗י יֵשֵׁ֛ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And now, my lord the king, the eyes of the whole of Israel are on you, for you to tell them who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him. | |
| 1 Ki 1:21 | וְהָיָ֕ה כִּשְׁכַ֥ב אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וְהָיִ֗יתִי אֲנִ֛י וּבְנִ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה חַטָּאִֽים׃ | Otherwise, it will be the case that when my lord the king lies with his fathers that I and my son Solomon will be seen as failures.” |
otherwise: contrastive use of the vav.
failures ← sinners. Compare Judg 20:16 (the word miss). |
| 1 Ki 1:22 | וְהִנֵּ֛ה עוֹדֶ֥נָּה מְדַבֶּ֖רֶת עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְנָתָ֥ן הַנָּבִ֖יא בָּֽא׃ | And behold, while she was still speaking with the king, Nathan the prophet arrived. | |
| 1 Ki 1:23 | וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֖ה נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֑יא וַיָּבֹא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ עַל־אַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃ | And they told the king, and they said, “Here is Nathan the prophet.” And he came before the king and prostrated himself to the king face down to the ground. |
here is ← behold.
face down ← on his face. |
| 1 Ki 1:24 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ נָתָן֒ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ אֲדֹנִיָּ֖הוּ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרָ֑י וְה֖וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִֽי׃ | And Nathan said, “My lord the king, have you said, ‘Adonijah will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne?’ | have you said ← you have said. No interrogative particle, but the context requires a question. |
| 1 Ki 1:25 | כִּ֣י ׀ יָרַ֣ד הַיּ֗וֹם וַ֠יִּזְבַּח שׁ֥וֹר וּֽמְרִיא־וְצֹאן֮ לָרֹב֒ וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וּלְשָׂרֵ֤י הַצָּבָא֙ וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנָּ֛ם אֹכְלִ֥ים וְשֹׁתִ֖ים לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ׃ | For he came down today and sacrificed oxen and fatted calves and sheep in abundance, and he invited all the king's sons and the commanders of the army, and Abiathar the priest, and there they are eating and drinking in his presence, and they said, ‘May Adonijah the king live!’ |
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20.
there they are ← behold them. |
| 1 Ki 1:26 | וְלִ֣י אֲנִֽי־עַ֠בְדֶּךָ וּלְצָדֹ֨ק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְלִבְנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א קָרָֽא׃ | But he did not invite me, your selfsame servant, or Zadok the priest, or Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, or Solomon your servant. | |
| 1 Ki 1:27 | אִ֗ם מֵאֵת֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ נִהְיָ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֤א הוֹדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֶֽת־*עבדיך **עַבְדְּךָ֔ מִ֗י יֵשֵׁ֛ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ ס | Was this event instigated by my lord the king, yet without you informing your {K: servants} [Q: servant] who would sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?” |
event ← word, thing.
instigated ← brought to pass. by ← from with. without you informing ← and you did not inform. |
| 1 Ki 1:28 | וַיַּ֨עַן הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר קִרְאוּ־לִ֖י לְבַת־שָׁ֑בַע וַתָּבֹא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then King David answered and said, “Call for Bathsheba to come to me.” And she came before the king, and before the king she stood. | before the king ... before the king: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| 1 Ki 1:29 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֕ה אֲשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִכָּל־צָרָֽה׃ | And the king swore and said, “As the Lord lives, who redeemed my person from all adversity, | person ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 1:30 | כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי לָ֜ךְ בַּיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בְנֵךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ אַחֲרַ֔י וְה֛וּא יֵשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֖י תַּחְתָּ֑י כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | for just as I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel and said, ‘Solomon your son will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne instead of me’, so I will perform it this day.” |
said ← said that. Although this verse could be construed as indirect speech, compare 1 Ki 1:13, 1 Ki 1:17.
so ← so likewise. |
| 1 Ki 1:31 | וַתִּקֹּ֨ד בַּת־שֶׁ֤בַע אַפַּ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתֹּ֕אמֶר יְחִ֗י אֲדֹנִ֛י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד לְעֹלָֽם׃ פ | At this Bathsheba bowed face down to the ground and prostrated herself to the king and said, “May the lord King David live age-abidingly.” | |
| 1 Ki 1:32 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד קִרְאוּ־לִ֞י לְצָד֤וֹק הַכֹּהֵן֙ וּלְנָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְלִבְנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And King David said, “Summon Zadok the priest to me, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.” And they came before the king. | |
| 1 Ki 1:33 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לָהֶ֗ם קְח֤וּ עִמָּכֶם֙ אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִרְכַּבְתֶּם֙ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֔י עַל־הַפִּרְדָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֑י וְהוֹרַדְתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־גִּחֽוֹן׃ | And the king said to them, “Take your lord's servants with you, and mount Solomon my son on my she-mule, and take him down to Gihon, | |
| 1 Ki 1:34 | וּמָשַׁ֣ח אֹת֣וֹ שָׁ֠ם צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְנָתָ֧ן הַנָּבִ֛יא לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּתְקַעְתֶּם֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | and Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet will anoint him there as king over Israel, and you will sound the ramshorn and say, ‘May King Solomon live!’ | |
| 1 Ki 1:35 | וַעֲלִיתֶ֣ם אַחֲרָ֗יו וּבָא֙ וְיָשַׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֔י וְה֥וּא יִמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּ֑י וְאֹת֤וֹ צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת נָגִ֔יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְעַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Then you will go up after him, and he will come and sit on my throne, and he will reign instead of me, for I have appointed him to be a leader over Israel and over Judah.” | |
| 1 Ki 1:36 | וַיַּ֨עַן בְּנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהֽוֹיָדָ֛ע אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אָמֵ֑ן כֵּ֚ן יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֱלֹהֵ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king and said, “Amen. May the Lord God of my lord the king say likewise. | |
| 1 Ki 1:37 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כֵּ֖ן *יהי **יִֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וִֽיגַדֵּל֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מִ֨כִּסֵּ֔א אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽד׃ | As the Lord has been with my lord the king, {K: may he so be} [Q: so shall he be] with Solomon, and may he make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David.” | |
| 1 Ki 1:38 | וַיֵּ֣רֶד צָד֣וֹק הַ֠כֹּהֵן וְנָתָ֨ן הַנָּבִ֜יא וּבְנָיָ֣הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֗ע וְהַכְּרֵתִי֙ וְהַפְּלֵתִ֔י וַיַּרְכִּ֙בוּ֙ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַל־פִּרְדַּ֖ת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּלִ֥כוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־גִּחֽוֹן׃ | So Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and mounted Solomon on King David's she-mule, and they led him to Gihon. | |
| 1 Ki 1:39 | וַיִּקַּח֩ צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־קֶ֤רֶן הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ מִן־הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיִּמְשַׁ֖ח אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם יְחִ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | Then Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tent, and he anointed Solomon, and they sounded the ramshorn, and all the people said, “May King Solomon live!” | |
| 1 Ki 1:40 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ כָל־הָעָם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְהָעָם֙ מְחַלְּלִ֣ים בַּחֲלִלִ֔ים וּשְׂמֵחִ֖ים שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתִּבָּקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּקוֹלָֽם׃ | And all the people went up after him, and the people played pipes and rejoiced greatly, so that the earth was sundered at the sound of them. | rejoiced greatly ← rejoiced a great joy. |
| 1 Ki 1:41 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע אֲדֹנִיָּ֗הוּ וְכָל־הַקְּרֻאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וְהֵ֖ם כִּלּ֣וּ לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֥וּעַ קֽוֹל־הַקִּרְיָ֖ה הוֹמָֽה׃ | And Adonijah heard about it, as did all his guests who were with him, and when they had finished eating, and Joab heard the sound of the ramshorn, he asked, “Why is the town in an uproar?” |
asked ← said.
is the town in an uproar ← is the voice of the town roaring. |
| 1 Ki 1:42 | עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ מְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֧ה יוֹנָתָ֛ן בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲדֹנִיָּ֙הוּ֙ בֹּ֔א כִּ֣י אִ֥ישׁ חַ֛יִל אַ֖תָּה וְט֥וֹב תְּבַשֵּֽׂר׃ | While he was still speaking, they saw Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest come. And Adonijah said, “Come in, for you are a valiant man, and bring good news.” |
they saw ← behold.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 1:43 | וַיַּ֙עַן֙ יוֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לַאֲדֹנִיָּ֑הוּ אֲבָ֕ל אֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִ֖ד הִמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, “Actually, our lord King David has made Solomon king. | |
| 1 Ki 1:44 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אִתּֽוֹ־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־צָד֨וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְאֶת־נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֗יא וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וַיַּרְכִּ֣בוּ אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל פִּרְדַּ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king has sent Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada and the Cherethites and the Pelethites with him, and they mounted him on the king's she-mule. | him: i.e. Solomon. |
| 1 Ki 1:45 | וַיִּמְשְׁח֣וּ אֹת֡וֹ צָד֣וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָתָן֩ הַנָּבִ֨יא לְמֶ֜לֶךְ בְּגִח֗וֹן וַיַּעֲל֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ שְׂמֵחִ֔ים וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הַקִּרְיָ֑ה ה֥וּא הַקּ֖וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃ | And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him as king in Gihon, and they went up from there rejoicing, and the town became boisterous – that is the sound which you heard. | |
| 1 Ki 1:46 | וְגַם֙ יָשַׁ֣ב שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ | And moreover Solomon has sat on the royal throne. | royal throne ← throne of the royalty, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 1 Ki 1:47 | וְגַם־בָּ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לְ֠בָרֵךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֜ינוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִד֮ לֵאמֹר֒ יֵיטֵ֨ב *אלהיך **אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ מִשְּׁמֶ֔ךָ וִֽיגַדֵּ֥ל אֶת־כִּסְא֖וֹ מִכִּסְאֶ֑ךָ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ | And also the king's servants have come to bless our lord King David, saying, ‘May {K: your God} [Q: God] favour Solomon's name more than your name, and may he make his throne greater than your throne.’ Then the king bowed on his couch. | favour ← treat well. |
| 1 Ki 1:48 | וְגַם־כָּ֖כָה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בָּר֨וּךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֥ן הַיּ֛וֹם יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְאִ֖י וְעֵינַ֥י רֹאֽוֹת׃ | And the king also said this: ‘Blessed be the Lord God of Israel who has provided one to sit on my throne while my eyes see it.’ ” |
this ← thus.
one to sit ← a sitter. |
| 1 Ki 1:49 | וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ֙ וַיָּקֻ֔מוּ כָּל־הַ֨קְּרֻאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַאֲדֹנִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכּֽוֹ׃ | And all Adonijah's guests were afraid, and they arose, and each went his own way. | guests ← called, invited (ones). |
| 1 Ki 1:50 | וַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ יָרֵ֖א מִפְּנֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And Adonijah feared Solomon, and he arose and departed, and he took hold of the horns of the altar. | |
| 1 Ki 1:51 | וַיֻּגַּ֤ד לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ יָרֵ֖א אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וְ֠הִנֵּה אָחַ֞ז בְּקַרְנ֤וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשָּֽׁבַֽע־לִ֤י כַיּוֹם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אִם־יָמִ֥ית אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | And it was reported to Solomon as follows: “Look, Adonijah fears King Solomon, and in fact he has taken hold of the horns of the altar, saying, ‘May King Solomon swear to me today that he certainly will not put his servant to death by the sword.’ ” |
as follows ← saying.
in fact ← behold. he certainly will not put ... to death ← if he puts to death. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Ki 1:52 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אִ֚ם יִהְיֶ֣ה לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל לֹֽא־יִפֹּ֥ל מִשַּׂעֲרָת֖וֹ אָ֑רְצָה וְאִם־רָעָ֥ה תִמָּצֵא־ב֖וֹ וָמֵֽת׃ | Then Solomon said, “If he will be a man of integrity, not a hair will fall to the ground, but if malignity is found in him, he will die.” | man ← son. |
| 1 Ki 1:53 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וַיֹּרִדֻ֙הוּ֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ פ | Then King Solomon sent a company, and they brought him down from the altar, and he came and bowed to King Solomon, and Solomon said to him, “Go to your home.” | |
| 1 Ki 2:1 | וַיִּקְרְב֥וּ יְמֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד לָמ֑וּת וַיְצַ֛ו אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the days of David approached when he would die, and he commanded Solomon his son and said, | |
| 1 Ki 2:2 | אָנֹכִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְחָזַקְתָּ֖ וְהָיִ֥יתָֽ לְאִֽישׁ׃ | “I am going the way of the whole earth, so be resolute and be manly. |
resolute ← strong, but also strong-willed.
manly ← a man. |
| 1 Ki 2:3 | וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֞ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ לָלֶ֤כֶת בִּדְרָכָיו֙ לִשְׁמֹ֨ר חֻקֹּתָ֤יו מִצְוֺתָיו֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו וְעֵדְוֺתָ֔יו כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּתוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֗יל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּפְנֶ֖ה שָֽׁם׃ | And keep the charge of the Lord your God, by walking in his ways and keeping his statutes, his commandments and his regulations and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, in order that you may act wisely in everything you do and everywhere you turn, | by walking ... keeping: gerundial uses of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 2:4 | לְמַעַן֩ יָקִ֨ים יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־דְּבָר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלַי֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִם־יִשְׁמְר֨וּ בָנֶ֜יךָ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֗ם לָלֶ֤כֶת לְפָנַי֙ בֶּאֱמֶ֔ת בְּכָל־לְבָבָ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשָׁ֑ם לֵאמֹ֕ר לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֤ת לְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ מֵעַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | in order that the Lord may establish his word which he spoke to me when he said, ‘If your sons keep their way in walking before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul’ – as he said – ‘not a man of yours shall be cut off from the throne of Israel.’ |
in walking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
soul: i.e. mind. as he said ← saying. |
| 1 Ki 2:5 | וְגַ֣ם אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֡עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֨שָׂה לִ֜י יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֣י צִבְא֣וֹת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לְאַבְנֵ֨ר בֶּן־נֵ֜ר וְלַעֲמָשָׂ֤א בֶן־יֶ֙תֶר֙ וַיַּ֣הַרְגֵ֔ם וַיָּ֥שֶׂם דְּמֵֽי־מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיִּתֵּ֞ן דְּמֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֗ה בַּחֲגֹֽרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּמָתְנָ֔יו וּֽבְנַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃ | And you also know what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me – what he did to the two commanders of the armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner and to Amasa the son of Jether – whom he killed, and he adopted a course of warlike bloodshed in peacetime, and he applied the blood of war to his girdle around his waist and to his shoes on his feet. |
warlike ← of war.
shoes ← shoe. |
| 1 Ki 2:6 | וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כְּחָכְמָתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תוֹרֵ֧ד שֵׂיבָת֛וֹ בְּשָׁלֹ֖ם שְׁאֹֽל׃ ס | And you must act according to your wisdom, and do not let his grey hair go down to the grave in peace. | do not let: Joab is killed in 1 Ki 2:34. |
| 1 Ki 2:7 | וְלִבְנֵ֨י בַרְזִלַּ֤י הַגִּלְעָדִי֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־חֶ֔סֶד וְהָי֖וּ בְּאֹכְלֵ֣י שֻׁלְחָנֶ֑ךָ כִּי־כֵן֙ קָרְב֣וּ אֵלַ֔י בְּבָרְחִ֕י מִפְּנֵ֖י אַבְשָׁל֥וֹם אָחִֽיךָ׃ | But show kindness to the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite and let them be present among those who eat at your table, for they similarly came up to me when I fled from Absalom your brother. |
show ← do.
Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. similarly ← so. from ← from the face of. |
| 1 Ki 2:8 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה עִ֠מְּךָ שִֽׁמְעִ֨י בֶן־גֵּרָ֥א בֶן־הַיְמִינִי֮ מִבַּחֻרִים֒ וְה֤וּא קִֽלְלַ֙נִי֙ קְלָלָ֣ה נִמְרֶ֔צֶת בְּי֖וֹם לֶכְתִּ֣י מַחֲנָ֑יִם וְהֽוּא־יָרַ֤ד לִקְרָאתִי֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וָאֶשָּׁ֨בַֽע ל֤וֹ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִם־אֲמִֽיתְךָ֖ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | And look, Shimei the son of Gera the Benjaminite from Bahurim is with you, who cursed me with a pernicious curse on the day when I went to Mahanaim, but he came down to meet me at the Jordan, and I swore to him by the Lord and said, ‘I will definitely not put you to death by the sword.’ |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
I will definitely not ← if I do. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Ki 2:9 | וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תְּנַקֵּ֔הוּ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ חָכָ֖ם אָ֑תָּה וְיָֽדַעְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לּ֔וֹ וְהוֹרַדְתָּ֧ אֶת־שֵׂיבָת֛וֹ בְּדָ֖ם שְׁאֽוֹל׃ | But now, do not acquit him, for you are a wise man, and you know what you will do to him, but bring his grey hair down to the grave with blood.” | bring ... down: Shimei is killed in 1 Ki 2:46. |
| 1 Ki 2:10 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב דָּוִ֖ד עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעִ֥יר דָּוִֽד׃ פ | And David lay with his fathers, and he was buried in the City of David. | |
| 1 Ki 2:11 | וְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָלַ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּחֶבְר֤וֹן מָלַךְ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם מָלַ֔ךְ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | And the days for which David reigned over Israel amounted to forty years. In Hebron he reigned for seven years, and in Jerusalem he reigned for thirty-three years. | || 2 Sam 5:4, 2 Sam 5:5, 1 Chr 29:27. |
| 1 Ki 2:12 | וּשְׁלֹמֹ֕ה יָשַׁ֕ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֖א דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַתִּכֹּ֥ן מַלְכֻת֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃ | And Solomon sat on the throne of David his father, and his kingdom became very well-established. | |
| 1 Ki 2:13 | וַיָּבֹ֞א אֲדֹנִיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־חַגֵּ֗ית אֶל־בַּת־שֶׁ֙בַע֙ אֵם־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַתֹּ֖אמֶר הֲשָׁל֣וֹם בֹּאֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then Adonijah the son of Haggith went to Bathsheba, Solomon's mother. And she said, “Is your visit in peace?” And he said, “Yes, in peace.” |
Haggith ← Haggeth here, elsewhere Haggith.
visit ← coming. |
| 1 Ki 2:14 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר דָּבָ֥ר לִ֖י אֵלָ֑יִךְ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר דַּבֵּֽר׃ | And he said, “I have a matter to discuss with you.” And she said, “Tell me.” | tell ← speak. |
| 1 Ki 2:15 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַ֤תְּ יָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ כִּי־לִי֙ הָיְתָ֣ה הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה וְעָלַ֞י שָׂ֧מוּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם לִמְלֹ֑ךְ וַתִּסֹּ֤ב הַמְּלוּכָה֙ וַתְּהִ֣י לְאָחִ֔י כִּ֥י מֵיְהוָ֖ה הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “You know that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel had me in view to reign, but the kingdom took a turn and fell to my brother, for it was his from the Lord. |
had me in view ← set their faces on me.
fell ← was. |
| 1 Ki 2:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁאֵלָ֤ה אַחַת֙ אָֽנֹכִי֙ שֹׁאֵ֣ל מֵֽאִתָּ֔ךְ אַל־תָּשִׁ֖בִי אֶת־פָּנָ֑י וַתֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו דַּבֵּֽר׃ | And now, I have one request which I am asking of you. Do not turn me away.” And she said to him, “Carry on.” |
me ← my face.
carry on ← speak. |
| 1 Ki 2:17 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִמְרִי־נָא֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־יָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְיִתֶּן־לִ֛י אֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֥ג הַשּׁוּנַמִּ֖ית לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And he said, “Please ask King Solomon not to turn you away, and to give me Abishag the Shunammitess as my wife.” |
ask ← say to.
you ← your face. |
| 1 Ki 2:18 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר בַּת־שֶׁ֖בַע ט֑וֹב אָנֹכִ֕י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Bathsheba said, “Very well, I will speak on your behalf to the king.” | very well ← good. |
| 1 Ki 2:19 | וַתָּבֹ֤א בַת־שֶׁ֙בַע֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לְדַבֶּר־ל֖וֹ עַל־אֲדֹנִיָּ֑הוּ וַיָּקָם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ לִקְרָאתָ֜הּ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֣חוּ לָ֗הּ וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם כִּסֵּא֙ לְאֵ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב לִֽימִינֽוֹ׃ | So Bathsheba went to King Solomon to speak to him on behalf of Adonijah, and the king got up to meet her, and he bowed to her, then he sat on his throne, and he had a seat placed for the king's mother, and she sat on his right hand side. | |
| 1 Ki 2:20 | וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שְׁאֵלָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אָֽנֹכִי֙ שֹׁאֶ֣לֶת מֵֽאִתָּ֔ךְ אַל־תָּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־פָּנָ֑י וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֤הּ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שַׁאֲלִ֣י אִמִּ֔י כִּ֥י לֹֽא־אָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־פָּנָֽיִךְ׃ | And she said, “I am asking you for a small request. Do not turn me away.” And the king said to her, “Ask it, my mother, for I will not turn you away.” |
me ← my face.
you (second occurrence in verse) ← your face. |
| 1 Ki 2:21 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר יֻתַּ֖ן אֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֣ג הַשֻּׁנַמִּ֑ית לַאֲדֹנִיָּ֥הוּ אָחִ֖יךָ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | And she said, “Let Abishag the Shunammitess be given to Adonijah your brother as his wife.” | |
| 1 Ki 2:22 | וַיַּעַן֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִמּ֗וֹ וְלָמָה֩ אַ֨תְּ שֹׁאֶ֜לֶת אֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤ג הַשֻּׁנַמִּית֙ לַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־לוֹ֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה כִּ֛י ה֥וּא אָחִ֖י הַגָּד֣וֹל מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְלוֹ֙ וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וּלְיוֹאָ֖ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָֽה׃ פ | And King Solomon answered and said to his mother, “And why are you asking for Abishag the Shunammitess for Adonijah? Then ask for the kingdom for him, for he is my elder brother, both for him and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.” | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 2:23 | וַיִּשָּׁבַע֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יַֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י בְנַפְשׁ֔וֹ דִּבֶּר֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And King Solomon swore by the Lord and said, “May God do this to me and add more, if Adonijah has not spoken these words at the expense of his life. |
this ... more ← thus ... thus.
life ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 2:24 | וְעַתָּ֗ה חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֱכִינַ֗נִי *ויושיביני **וַיּֽוֹשִׁיבַ֙נִי֙ עַל־כִּסֵּא֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔י וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָֽשָׂה־לִ֛י בַּ֖יִת כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר כִּ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם יוּמַ֖ת אֲדֹנִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And now, as the Lord lives, who established me and seated me on the throne of David my father, and who made me a house as he said he would, so Adonijah will be put to death today.” |
and seated me: the ketiv is a variant spelling of the qeré.
a house: i.e. a line of succession. Compare 2 Sam 7:11. |
| 1 Ki 2:25 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד בְּנָיָ֣הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וַיִּפְגַּע־בּ֖וֹ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | And King Solomon sent a force under the authority of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and he fell on him, and he died. | under the authority of ← by the hand of. |
| 1 Ki 2:26 | וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֲנָתֹת֙ לֵ֣ךְ עַל־שָׂדֶ֔יךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ מָ֖וֶת אָ֑תָּה וּבַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה לֹ֣א אֲמִיתֶ֗ךָ כִּֽי־נָשָׂ֜אתָ אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהֹוִה֙ לִפְנֵי֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔י וְכִ֣י הִתְעַנִּ֔יתָ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־הִתְעַנָּ֖ה אָבִֽי׃ | And the king said to Abiathar the priest, “Go to Anathoth, to your estate, for you deserve to die, but on this day I will not have you killed, because you have carried the ark of my Lord the Lord before David my father, and because you have been afflicted by everything that my father was afflicted by.” |
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20.
estate ← field. you deserve to die ← you (are) a man of death. |
| 1 Ki 2:27 | וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֶת־אֶבְיָתָ֔ר מִהְי֥וֹת כֹּהֵ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה לְמַלֵּא֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר עַל־בֵּ֥ית עֵלִ֖י בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ | So Solomon ousted Abiathar from being a priest to the Lord, so fulfilling the word of the Lord which he spoke at the house of Eli in Shiloh. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 2:28 | וְהַשְּׁמֻעָה֙ בָּ֣אָה עַד־יוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֣י יוֹאָ֗ב נָטָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲדֹנִיָּ֔ה וְאַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לֹ֣א נָטָ֑ה וַיָּ֤נָס יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּקַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And the report came to Joab, for Joab had gravitated towards Adonijah, although he had not gravitated towards Absalom, and Joab fled to the tent of the Lord and held on to the horns of the altar. |
gravitated towards (2x) ← inclined after.
although: concessive use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 2:29 | וַיֻּגַּ֞ד לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה כִּ֣י נָ֤ס יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֖ה אֵ֣צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אֶת־בְּנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע לֵאמֹ֖ר לֵ֥ךְ פְּגַע־בּֽוֹ׃ | And it was reported to King Solomon that Joab had fled to the tent of the Lord, and there he was at the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada and said, “Go and fall on him.” | there he was ← behold him. |
| 1 Ki 2:30 | וַיָּבֹ֨א בְנָיָ֜הוּ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יְהוָ֗ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ צֵ֔א וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ׀ לֹ֖א כִּ֣י פֹ֣ה אָמ֑וּת וַיָּ֨שֶׁב בְּנָיָ֤הוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ דָּבָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּֽה־דִבֶּ֥ר יוֹאָ֖ב וְכֹ֥ה עָנָֽנִי׃ | When Benaiah arrived at the tent of the Lord, he said to him, “This is what the king says: ‘Come out.’ ” But he said, “No, for I will die here.” Then Benaiah reported back to the king and said, “Joab said this, and he answered me this way.” |
this is what ← thus.
this ... this way ← thus ... thus. |
| 1 Ki 2:31 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֲשֵׂה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר וּפְגַע־בּ֖וֹ וּקְבַרְתּ֑וֹ וַהֲסִירֹ֣תָ ׀ דְּמֵ֣י חִנָּ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁפַ֣ךְ יוֹאָ֔ב מֵעָלַ֕י וּמֵעַ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃ | Then the king said to him, “Do as he said, and fall on him, and bury him, and requite the innocent blood which Joab shed of my house and my father's house. |
requite ← remove.
innocent ← gratuitous. blood ← bloods. of my house ← on me. |
| 1 Ki 2:32 | וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord will requite his blood on his head, because he fell on two men more righteous and better than he is, and he killed them by the sword, but my father David was not aware of it, namely Abner the son of Ner, commander of the army of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, commander of the army of Judah. | requite ← return. |
| 1 Ki 2:33 | וְשָׁ֤בוּ דְמֵיהֶם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ יוֹאָ֔ב וּבְרֹ֥אשׁ זַרְע֖וֹ לְעֹלָ֑ם וּלְדָוִ֡ד וּ֠לְזַרְעוֹ וּלְבֵית֨וֹ וּלְכִסְא֜וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה שָׁל֛וֹם עַד־עוֹלָ֖ם מֵעִ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And their blood will rebound onto Joab's head and onto the head of his seed age-abidingly, whereas David and his seed and his house and his throne will have peace age-abidingly from the Lord.” | rebound ← return. |
| 1 Ki 2:34 | וַיַּ֗עַל בְּנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וַיִּפְגַּע־בּ֖וֹ וַיְמִתֵ֑הוּ וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּבֵית֖וֹ בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up and fell on him, and he killed him, and he was buried at his house in the desert. | |
| 1 Ki 2:35 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־בְּנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע תַּחְתָּ֖יו עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וְאֶת־צָד֤וֹק הַכֹּהֵן֙ נָתַ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ תַּ֖חַת אֶבְיָתָֽר׃ | Then the king appointed Benaiah the son of Jehoiada instead of him over the army, and the king appointed Zadok the priest instead of Abiathar. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 2:36 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיִּקְרָ֣א לְשִׁמְעִ֔י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ בְּֽנֵה־לְךָ֥ בַ֙יִת֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֖ שָׁ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תֵצֵ֥א מִשָּׁ֖ם אָ֥נֶה וָאָֽנָה׃ | And the king sent word and called for Shimei, and he said to him, “Build yourself a house in Jerusalem and live there, and do not go out from there, moving around. |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
moving around ← hither and thither ← where and where. |
| 1 Ki 2:37 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּי֣וֹם צֵאתְךָ֗ וְעָֽבַרְתָּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן יָדֹ֥עַ תֵּדַ֖ע כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת תָּמ֑וּת דָּמְךָ֖ יִהְיֶ֥ה בְרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃ | For know without doubt that it will be the case that on the day when you go out and cross the Kidron Brook you will certainly die – your blood will be on your head.” | know without doubt ... you will certainly die: both infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Ki 2:38 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְעִ֤י לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ ט֣וֹב הַדָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב שִׁמְעִ֛י בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ ס | And Shimei said to the king, “The arrangement is good. As my lord the king has spoken, so your servant will do.” And Shimei lived in Jerusalem for many days. |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
arrangement ← word, matter. |
| 1 Ki 2:39 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וַיִּבְרְח֤וּ שְׁנֵֽי־עֲבָדִים֙ לְשִׁמְעִ֔י אֶל־אָכִ֥ישׁ בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ גַּ֑ת וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לְשִׁמְעִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֥ה עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ בְּגַֽת׃ | But it came to pass after three years that two of Shimei's servants fled to Achish the son of Maachah, the king of Gath. And they reported it to Shimei and said, “Look, your servants are in Gath.” |
after ← at the end of.
Shimei (2x): see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 1 Ki 2:40 | וַיָּ֣קָם שִׁמְעִ֗י וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ אֶת־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ גַּ֙תָה֙ אֶל־אָכִ֔ישׁ לְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שִׁמְעִ֔י וַיָּבֵ֥א אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו מִגַּֽת׃ | Then Shimei arose and saddled his donkey and went to Gath, to Achish, to seek his servants. So Shimei set off, and he fetched his servants from Gath. | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 1 Ki 2:41 | וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה כִּי־הָלַ֨ךְ שִׁמְעִ֧י מִירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם גַּ֖ת וַיָּשֹֽׁב׃ | And it was reported to Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath and had returned. | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| 1 Ki 2:42 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וַיִּקְרָ֣א לְשִׁמְעִ֗י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו הֲל֧וֹא הִשְׁבַּעְתִּ֣יךָ בַֽיהוָ֗ה וָאָעִ֤ד בְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּי֣וֹם צֵאתְךָ֗ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙ אָ֣נֶה וָאָ֔נָה יָדֹ֥עַ תֵּדַ֖ע כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת תָּמ֑וּת וַתֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלַ֛י ט֥וֹב הַדָּבָ֖ר שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ | So the king sent men and called for Shimei and said to him, “Did I not adjure you by the Lord and testify to you and say, ‘Know without doubt that on the day when you go out and move around that you will certainly die’, and you said to me, ‘The arrangement which I have heard is good.’ |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
know without doubt ... will certainly die: both infinitive absolute. move around: see 1 Ki 2:36. arrangement: see 1 Ki 2:38. |
| 1 Ki 2:43 | וּמַדּ֕וּעַ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֵ֖ת שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַמִּצְוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּ֥יתִי עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | So why did you not heed the oath to the Lord and the commandment which I gave you?” |
oath to ← oath of.
gave you ← commanded on you. |
| 1 Ki 2:44 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֗י אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָדַע֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ לְדָוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רָעָתְךָ֖ בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And the king said to Shimei, “You know all the evil which your heart is conscious of, which you did to David my father. And the Lord has requited your evil on your head. |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5.
is conscious of ← knows. |
| 1 Ki 2:45 | וְהַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בָּר֑וּךְ וְכִסֵּ֣א דָוִ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה נָכ֛וֹן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And King Solomon is blessed, and the throne of David will be established before the Lord age-abidingly.” | |
| 1 Ki 2:46 | וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֶת־בְּנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַיִּפְגַּע־בּ֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמַּמְלָכָ֥ה נָכ֖וֹנָה בְּיַד־שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and he went out and fell on him, and he died, and the kingdom became established through the authority of Solomon. | authority ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 3:1 | וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֣ן שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה וַיְבִיאֶ֙הָ֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר דָּוִ֔ד עַ֣ד כַּלֹּת֗וֹ לִבְנ֤וֹת אֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־חוֹמַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃ | Then Solomon contracted intermarriage with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he took Pharaoh's daughter and brought her to the City of David, until he had finished building his house, and the house of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. | the wall around Jerusalem ← the wall of Jerusalem, around (it). |
| 1 Ki 3:2 | רַ֣ק הָעָ֔ם מְזַבְּחִ֖ים בַּבָּמ֑וֹת כִּ֠י לֹא־נִבְנָ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לְשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃ פ | Nevertheless, the people would sacrifice on idolatrous raised sites, because a house to the name of the Lord had not been built until those days. | idolatrous raised sites: very negative connotations in Num 33:52, Deut 33:29. |
| 1 Ki 3:3 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֤ב שְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה לָלֶ֕כֶת בְּחֻקּ֖וֹת דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו רַ֚ק בַּבָּמ֔וֹת ה֥וּא מְזַבֵּ֖חַ וּמַקְטִֽיר׃ | But Solomon loved the Lord, walking in the statutes of David his father, except that he would sacrifice and burn incense on the idolatrous raised sites. | idolatrous raised sites: see 1 Ki 3:2. |
| 1 Ki 3:4 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ גִּבְעֹ֙נָה֙ לִזְבֹּ֣חַ שָׁ֔ם כִּ֥י הִ֖יא הַבָּמָ֣ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֶ֤לֶף עֹלוֹת֙ יַעֲלֶ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַ֖ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ הַהֽוּא׃ | And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for that was the great idolatrous raised site. Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on that altar. |
|| 2 Chr 1:3, 2 Chr 1:6.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 1 Ki 3:5 | בְּגִבְע֗וֹן נִרְאָ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים שְׁאַ֖ל מָ֥ה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ | And in Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream at night, and God said, “Ask what you want me to give you.” |
|| 2 Chr 1:7.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. at night ← of the night. |
| 1 Ki 3:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אַתָּ֨ה עָשִׂ֜יתָ עִם־עַבְדְּךָ֙ דָוִ֣ד אָבִי֮ חֶ֣סֶד גָּדוֹל֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ הָלַ֨ךְ לְפָנֶ֜יךָ בֶּאֱמֶ֧ת וּבִצְדָקָ֛ה וּבְיִשְׁרַ֥ת לֵבָ֖ב עִמָּ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁמָר־ל֗וֹ אֶת־הַחֶ֤סֶד הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַתִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ בֵ֛ן יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסְא֖וֹ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Solomon said, “You acted with much kindness towards your servant my father David when he walked before you in truth and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with you, and you maintained this great kindness towards him, and you have given him a son who is sitting on his throne on this very day. |
|| 2 Chr 1:8.
on this very day ← as this day. |
| 1 Ki 3:7 | וְעַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י אַתָּה֙ הִמְלַ֣כְתָּ אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֔ תַּ֖חַת דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ נַ֣עַר קָטֹ֔ן לֹ֥א אֵדַ֖ע צֵ֥את וָבֹֽא׃ | So now, O Lord my God, you have made your servant king instead of David my father, but I am a small child and I do not know comings and goings. |
|| 2 Chr 1:8.
comings and goings ← to go out and to come in, i.e. general experience of life. |
| 1 Ki 3:8 | וְעַ֨בְדְּךָ֔ בְּת֥וֹךְ עַמְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחָ֑רְתָּ עַם־רָ֕ב אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִמָּנֶ֛ה וְלֹ֥א יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃ | And your servant is in the midst of your people whom you chose, a numerous people who can not be numbered or counted for abundance. | || 2 Chr 1:9. |
| 1 Ki 3:9 | וְנָתַתָּ֨ לְעַבְדְּךָ֜ לֵ֤ב שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ לְהָבִ֖ין בֵּֽין־ט֣וֹב לְרָ֑ע כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַכָּבֵ֖ד הַזֶּֽה׃ | So give your servant a heart fit to hear cases at law in judging your people, to discern good from evil, for who is able to judge this substantial people?” |
|| 2 Chr 1:10.
substantial ← weighty. |
| 1 Ki 3:10 | וַיִּיטַ֥ב הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י כִּ֚י שָׁאַ֣ל שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the words were approved of in the sight of the Lord*, in that Solomon had asked for this thing. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
words were ← word was. |
| 1 Ki 3:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֵלָ֗יו יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁאַ֜לְתָּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה וְלֹֽא־שָׁאַ֨לְתָּ לְּךָ֜ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וְלֹֽא־שָׁאַ֤לְתָּ לְּךָ֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְלֹ֥א שָׁאַ֖לְתָּ נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁאַ֧לְתָּ לְּךָ֛ הָבִ֖ין לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And God said to him, “Since you have asked for this thing, and you did not ask for a long life, and you did not ask for riches, and you did not ask for the life of your enemies, but you asked for understanding in hearing cases at law, |
|| 2 Chr 1:11.
ask ... ask ... asked ← ask(ed) for yourself. a long life ← many days. the life ← the soul. cases at law ← judgment. |
| 1 Ki 3:12 | הִנֵּ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי כִּדְבָרֶ֑יךָ הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי לְךָ֗ לֵ֚ב חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמ֙וֹךָ֙ לֹא־הָיָ֣ה לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֶ֖יךָ לֹא־יָק֥וּם כָּמֽוֹךָ׃ | look, I have done according to your words – look, I have given you a wise and astute heart, such as never was before you, and such as never will arise after you. |
|| 2 Chr 1:12.
such as ... such as ← which such as you ... such as you. never ... never ← not ... not. |
| 1 Ki 3:13 | וְגַ֨ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־שָׁאַ֙לְתָּ֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ גַּם־עֹ֖שֶׁר גַּם־כָּב֑וֹד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־הָיָ֨ה כָמ֥וֹךָ אִ֛ישׁ בַּמְּלָכִ֖ים כָּל־יָמֶֽיךָ׃ | And I have also given you what you didn't ask for, both riches and honour, whereby no man among kings will be like you all your days. | || 2 Chr 1:12. |
| 1 Ki 3:14 | וְאִ֣ם ׀ תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בִּדְרָכַ֗י לִשְׁמֹ֤ר חֻקַּי֙ וּמִצְוֺתַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלַ֖ךְ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יךָ וְהַאַרַכְתִּ֖י אֶת־יָמֶֽיךָ׃ ס | And if you walk in my ways, by keeping my statutes and my commandments, as David your father did, then I will prolong your days.” |
by keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive.
did ← walked. |
| 1 Ki 3:15 | וַיִּקַ֥ץ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה חֲל֑וֹם וַיָּב֨וֹא יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֣ד ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־אֲדֹנָ֗י וַיַּ֤עַל עֹלוֹת֙ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁלָמִ֔ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה לְכָל־עֲבָדָֽיו׃ פ | Then Solomon woke up and realized that it was a dream, and he went to Jerusalem and stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord*, and he made burnt offerings, and he made peace-offerings, and he held a feast for all his servants. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| 2 Chr 1:13. realized that it was ← behold. made (2x) ← offered. |
| 1 Ki 3:16 | אָ֣ז תָּבֹ֗אנָה שְׁתַּ֛יִם נָשִׁ֥ים זֹנ֖וֹת אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖דְנָה לְפָנָֽיו׃ | Then two prostitutes came to the king and stood before him. | prostitutes ← prostitute women. |
| 1 Ki 3:17 | וַתֹּ֜אמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֤ה הָֽאַחַת֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י אֲנִי֙ וְהָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את יֹשְׁבֹ֖ת בְּבַ֣יִת אֶחָ֑ד וָאֵלֵ֥ד עִמָּ֖הּ בַּבָּֽיִת׃ | And one woman said, “Oh my lord, I and this woman live in the same house, and I gave birth, with her in the house. | the same ← one. |
| 1 Ki 3:18 | וַיְהִ֞י בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ לְלִדְתִּ֔י וַתֵּ֖לֶד גַּם־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ יַחְדָּ֗ו אֵֽין־זָ֤ר אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת זוּלָתִ֥י שְׁתַּֽיִם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ בַּבָּֽיִת׃ | And it so happened on the third day after me giving birth, that this woman also gave birth, and we were together; there is no-one else with us in the house – just the two of us in the house. |
it so happened ← it was; it became; it came to pass.
no-one else ← no stranger. just ← except. |
| 1 Ki 3:19 | וַיָּ֛מָת בֶּן־הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁכְבָ֖ה עָלָֽיו׃ | But this woman's son died at night because she lay on top of him. | |
| 1 Ki 3:20 | וַתָּקָם֩ בְּת֨וֹךְ הַלַּ֜יְלָה וַתִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־בְּנִ֣י מֵֽאֶצְלִ֗י וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ יְשֵׁנָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵ֖הוּ בְּחֵיקָ֑הּ וְאֶת־בְּנָ֥הּ הַמֵּ֖ת הִשְׁכִּ֥יבָה בְחֵיקִֽי׃ | And she got up in the middle of the night and took my son from me while your maidservant was asleep, and she laid him in her bosom, while she laid her dead son in my bosom. | |
| 1 Ki 3:21 | וָאָקֻ֥ם בַּבֹּ֛קֶר לְהֵינִ֥יק אֶת־בְּנִ֖י וְהִנֵּה־מֵ֑ת וָאֶתְבּוֹנֵ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֛ה לֹֽא־הָיָ֥ה בְנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלָֽדְתִּי׃ | And when I arose in the morning to breastfeed my son, I realized that the child was dead, but I examined him in the morning and saw that he was not my son, whom I had given birth to.” |
I realized that ... saw that ← behold ... behold.
examined ← marked, attended to. |
| 1 Ki 3:22 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ הָאִשָּׁ֨ה הָאַחֶ֜רֶת לֹ֣א כִ֗י בְּנִ֤י הַחַי֙ וּבְנֵ֣ךְ הַמֵּ֔ת וְזֹ֤את אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א כִ֔י בְּנֵ֥ךְ הַמֵּ֖ת וּבְנִ֣י הֶחָ֑י וַתְּדַבֵּ֖רְנָה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the other woman said, “No, for it is my son who is alive and your son who is dead.” And the former said, “No, for it is your son who is dead, and my son who is alive.” And so they spoke before the king. |
it is my son who is alive: AV differs, inverting our subject and predicate here and in the following clause (also possible), but not in a similar construction in 1 Ki 3:23.
the former ← this. |
| 1 Ki 3:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ זֹ֣את אֹמֶ֔רֶת זֶה־בְּנִ֥י הַחַ֖י וּבְנֵ֣ךְ הַמֵּ֑ת וְזֹ֤את אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א כִ֔י בְּנֵ֥ךְ הַמֵּ֖ת וּבְנִ֥י הֶחָֽי׃ פ | Then the king said, “One says, ‘This is my son who is alive, and your son is dead’, whereas the other says, ‘No, for it is your son who is dead, and my son who is alive.’ ” | one ... the other ← this ... this. |
| 1 Ki 3:24 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קְח֣וּ לִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיָּבִ֥אוּ הַחֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the king said, “Fetch me a sword.” So they brought a sword before the king. | fetch ← take. |
| 1 Ki 3:25 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ גִּזְר֛וּ אֶת־הַיֶּ֥לֶד הַחַ֖י לִשְׁנָ֑יִם וּתְנ֤וּ אֶֽת־הַחֲצִי֙ לְאַחַ֔ת וְאֶֽת־הַחֲצִ֖י לְאֶחָֽת׃ | Then the king said, “Divide the living child into two, and give half to one woman and half to the other.” | the other ← one. |
| 1 Ki 3:26 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר הָאִשָּׁה֩ אֲשֶׁר־בְּנָ֨הּ הַחַ֜י אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כִּֽי־נִכְמְר֣וּ רַחֲמֶיהָ֮ עַל־בְּנָהּ֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֗י תְּנוּ־לָהּ֙ אֶת־הַיָּל֣וּד הַחַ֔י וְהָמֵ֖ת אַל־תְּמִיתֻ֑הוּ וְזֹ֣את אֹמֶ֗רֶת גַּם־לִ֥י גַם־לָ֛ךְ לֹ֥א יִהְיֶ֖ה גְּזֹֽרוּ׃ | At this the woman whose son was the one who was alive spoke to the king, for her tender affections flared up for her son, and she said, “Please, my lord, give her the baby who is alive, and don't kill him at any event.” But the other was saying, “Neither I nor you will have him; divide him up.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
baby ← born (one). don't kill him at any event: with infinitive absolute. the other ← this. |
| 1 Ki 3:27 | וַיַּ֨עַן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּנוּ־לָהּ֙ אֶת־הַיָּל֣וּד הַחַ֔י וְהָמֵ֖ת לֹ֣א תְמִיתֻ֑הוּ הִ֖יא אִמּֽוֹ׃ | Then the king answered and said, “Give the baby who is alive to her, and do not kill him under any circumstances. She is his mother.” |
baby: see 1 Ki 3:26.
do not kill him under any circumstances: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Ki 3:28 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפַ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־חָכְמַ֧ת אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ ס | And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had given, and they feared the king, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to execute justice. | given ← judged. |
| 1 Ki 4:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | So King Solomon was king over all Israel. | |
| 1 Ki 4:2 | וְאֵ֥לֶּה הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ עֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־צָד֖וֹק הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס | And these are the ministers whom he had: Azariah the son of Zadok the priest; | |
| 1 Ki 4:3 | אֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י שִׁישָׁ֖א סֹפְרִ֑ים יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ | Elihoreph and Ahiah the sons of Shisha, who were scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud the secretary of state, | |
| 1 Ki 4:4 | וּבְנָיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֖ע עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וְצָד֥וֹק וְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִֽים׃ ס | and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, who was over the army, and Zadok and Abiathar who were priests, | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Ki 4:5 | וַעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־נָתָ֖ן עַל־הַנִּצָּבִ֑ים וְזָב֧וּד בֶּן־נָתָ֛ן כֹּהֵ֖ן רֵעֶ֥ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | and Azariah the son of Nathan who was in charge of the officials, and Zabud the son of Nathan who was priest and friend to the king, | in charge of ← over. Similarly in 1 Ki 4:6. |
| 1 Ki 4:6 | וַאֲחִישָׁ֖ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וַאֲדֹנִירָ֥ם בֶּן־עַבְדָּ֖א עַל־הַמַּֽס׃ ס | and Ahishar who was in charge of the household, and Adoniram the son of Abda who was in charge of taxation. | |
| 1 Ki 4:7 | וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֞ה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר נִצָּבִים֙ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִלְכְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְאֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ חֹ֧דֶשׁ בַּשָּׁנָ֛ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עַל־*אחד **הָאֶחָ֖ד לְכַלְכֵּֽל׃ ס | And Solomon had twelve officials over all Israel, who sustained the king and his household. Each had to sustain him for one month per year. |
each ← one (ketiv) / the one (qeré).
had to ← it was (incumbent) on. |
| 1 Ki 4:8 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֔ם בֶּן־ח֖וּר בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ ס | And these are their names: Ben-Hur in Mount Ephraim, | Ben-Hur: AV differs (son of Hur), translating ben (=son), also in the verses following. |
| 1 Ki 4:9 | בֶּן־דֶּ֛קֶר בְּמָקַ֥ץ וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְאֵיל֖וֹן בֵּ֥ית חָנָֽן׃ ס | Ben-Deker in Makaz and in Shaalbim and Beth-Shemesh and Elon-Beth-Hanan, | Deker: AV= Dekar. |
| 1 Ki 4:10 | בֶּן־חֶ֖סֶד בָּֽאֲרֻבּ֑וֹת ל֥וֹ שֹׂכֹ֖ה וְכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ חֵֽפֶר׃ ס | Ben-Hesed in Arubboth, who had Sochoh and all the land of Hepher, |
Arubboth: AV= Aruboth.
Sochoh: see 1 Sam 17:1. |
| 1 Ki 4:11 | בֶּן־אֲבִֽינָדָ֖ב כָּל־נָ֣פַת דֹּ֑אר טָפַת֙ בַּת־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה הָ֥יְתָה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | Ben-Abinadab in all the heights of Dor, whose wife was Taphath Solomon's daughter, | |
| 1 Ki 4:12 | בַּֽעֲנָא֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיל֔וּד תַּעְנַ֖ךְ וּמְגִדּ֑וֹ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית שְׁאָ֡ן אֲשֶׁר֩ אֵ֨צֶל צָרְתַ֜נָה מִתַּ֣חַת לְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל מִבֵּ֤ית שְׁאָן֙ עַ֚ד אָבֵ֣ל מְחוֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד מֵעֵ֥בֶר לְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃ ס | Baana the son of Ahilud who had Taanach and Megiddo and all Beth-Shean, which is by Zarethan beneath Jezreel, from Beth-Shean to Abel-Meholah, and to beyond Jokmoam, |
Zarethan: with a locative ending. AV= Zartanah. See Josh 3:16.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. Jokmoam: AV= Jokneam. Presumably the same place, with [LHG] etc. |
| 1 Ki 4:13 | בֶּן־גֶּ֖בֶר בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד ל֡וֹ חַוֺּת֩ יָאִ֨יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּלְעָ֗ד ל֚וֹ חֶ֤בֶל אַרְגֹּב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן שִׁשִּׁים֙ עָרִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת חוֹמָ֖ה וּבְרִ֥יחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ ס | Ben-Geber in Ramoth-Gilead, who had the villages of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead, having the district of Argob, which is in Bashan – sixty large cities with a wall and copper bolt, |
Ramoth-Gilead ... Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| 1 Ki 4:14 | אֲחִֽינָדָ֥ב בֶּן־עִדֹּ֖א מַחֲנָֽיְמָה׃ | Ahinadab the son of Iddo in Mahanaim, | |
| 1 Ki 4:15 | אֲחִימַ֖עַץ בְּנַפְתָּלִ֑י גַּם־ה֗וּא לָקַ֛ח אֶת־בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ | Ahimaaz in Naphtali, who also took a daughter of Solomon's as his wife, Bosmath, | Bosmath: AV= Basmath here (elsewhere Bashemath). See Gen 26:34. |
| 1 Ki 4:16 | בַּֽעֲנָא֙ בֶּן־חוּשָׁ֔י בְּאָשֵׁ֖ר וּבְעָלֽוֹת׃ ס | Baanah the son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth, | Baanah ← Baana here, but elsewhere always Baanah. |
| 1 Ki 4:17 | יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־פָּר֖וּחַ בְּיִשָׂשכָֽר׃ ס | Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah in Issachar, | |
| 1 Ki 4:18 | שִׁמְעִ֥י בֶן־אֵלָ֖א בְּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס | Shimei the son of Elah in Benjamin, |
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. But a different Shimei here.
Elah ← Ela. But MT= Elah everywhere else, though different people; we regularize. AV= Elah. |
| 1 Ki 4:19 | גֶּ֥בֶר בֶּן־אֻרִ֖י בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֶ֜רֶץ סִיח֣וֹן ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֗י וְעֹג֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן וּנְצִ֥יב אֶחָ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | Geber the son of Uri in the land of Gilead, the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and he was the only official who was in the land. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. the only ← one. |
| 1 Ki 4:20 | יְהוּדָ֤ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַבִּ֔ים כַּח֥וֹל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב אֹכְלִ֥ים וְשֹׁתִ֖ים וּשְׂמֵחִֽים׃ | Judah and Israel were many – like the sand which is by the sea in multitude – eating and drinking and rejoicing. | |
| 1 Ki 5:1 1 Ki 4:21AV |
וּשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה הָיָ֤ה מוֹשֵׁל֙ בְּכָל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת מִן־הַנָּהָר֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַ֖ד גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם מַגִּשִׁ֥ים מִנְחָ֛ה וְעֹבְדִ֥ים אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ פ | And Solomon was ruler over all the kingdoms in the land of the Philistines from the river up to the border with Egypt. They brought tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life. | river: i.e. the Euphrates [CB]. |
| 1 Ki 5:2 1 Ki 4:22AV |
וַיְהִ֥י לֶֽחֶם־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְי֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים כֹּר֙ סֹ֔לֶת וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים כֹּ֖ר קָֽמַח׃ | And Solomon's revenue per day was thirty cors of fine flour and sixty cors of barley flour, |
revenue ← bread.
cor (2x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. barley flour: not specifically from barley, but with the adjunct “barley” in Num 5:15. |
| 1 Ki 5:3 1 Ki 4:23AV |
עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר בְּרִאִ֗ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים בָּקָ֛ר רְעִ֖י וּמֵ֣אָה צֹ֑אן לְ֠בַד מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל וּצְבִי֙ וְיַחְמ֔וּר וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים אֲבוּסִֽים׃ | ten fatted oxen and twenty herding oxen and one hundred sheep, apart from deer and gazelles and fallow deer and fatted poultry. | fallow deer: scientific name dama. |
| 1 Ki 5:4 1 Ki 4:24AV |
כִּי־ה֞וּא רֹדֶ֣ה ׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֗ר מִתִּפְסַח֙ וְעַד־עַזָּ֔ה בְּכָל־מַלְכֵ֖י עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשָׁל֗וֹם הָ֥יָה ל֛וֹ מִכָּל־עֲבָרָ֖יו מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | For he had control of all this side of the river, from Tiphsah to Gaza, of all the kings on this side of the river. And he had peace in all quarters round about. |
the river (2x): i.e. the Euphrates [CB].
Gaza ← Azzah. AV= Azzah here, but Gaza elsewhere, except Deut 2:23, Jer 25:20. quarters ← its or his sides. |
| 1 Ki 5:5 1 Ki 4:25AV |
וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לָבֶ֗טַח אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֤חַת גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְתַ֣חַת תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ מִדָּ֖ן וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ ס | And Judah and Israel lived securely, each man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan to Beersheba, all Solomon's days. | |
| 1 Ki 5:6 1 Ki 4:26AV |
וַיְהִ֣י לִשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אֻרְוֺ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים לְמֶרְכָּב֑וֹ וּשְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִֽׁים׃ | And Solomon had forty thousand horse stables for his chariot fleet, and twelve thousand horsemen. | |
| 1 Ki 5:7 1 Ki 4:27AV |
וְכִלְכְּלוּ֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וְאֵ֧ת כָּל־הַקָּרֵ֛ב אֶל־שֻׁלְחַ֥ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ חָדְשׁ֑וֹ לֹ֥א יְעַדְּר֖וּ דָּבָֽר׃ | These officials sustained King Solomon and everyone who came to King Solomon's table – each official in his month – and they did not neglect anything. | came to ← approached. |
| 1 Ki 5:8 1 Ki 4:28AV |
וְהַשְּׂעֹרִ֣ים וְהַתֶּ֔בֶן לַסּוּסִ֖ים וְלָרָ֑כֶשׁ יָבִ֗אוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ כְּמִשְׁפָּטֽוֹ׃ ס | And they brought barley and straw for the farm horses and for the swift horses, to the place where these were, each according to his duty. |
these were ← it was.
duty ← custom, judgment. |
| 1 Ki 5:9 1 Ki 4:29AV |
וַיִּתֵּן֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חָכְמָ֧ה לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וּתְבוּנָ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְרֹ֣חַב לֵ֔ב כַּח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃ | And God gave wisdom to Solomon, and very great insight and broad understanding, like the sand which is on the sea-shore. |
insight ← understanding.
broad understanding ← breadth of heart. [AnLx]= comprehensive understanding. |
| 1 Ki 5:10 1 Ki 4:30AV |
וַתֵּ֙רֶב֙ חָכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֵֽחָכְמַ֖ת כָּל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וּמִכֹּ֖ל חָכְמַ֥ת מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Solomon's wisdom increased beyond the wisdom of all the eastern people and beyond all the wisdom of Egypt. | eastern people ← people of the east. |
| 1 Ki 5:11 1 Ki 4:31AV |
וַיֶּחְכַּם֮ מִכָּל־הָֽאָדָם֒ מֵאֵיתָ֣ן הָאֶזְרָחִ֗י וְהֵימָ֧ן וְכַלְכֹּ֛ל וְדַרְדַּ֖ע בְּנֵ֣י מָח֑וֹל וַיְהִֽי־שְׁמ֥וֹ בְכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃ | And he became wiser than any man, than Ethan the Ezrahite and Heman, and Chalcol and Darda the sons of Mahol, and his fame was present in all the nations round about. | any ← every. |
| 1 Ki 5:12 1 Ki 4:32AV |
וַיְדַבֵּ֕ר שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים מָשָׁ֑ל וַיְהִ֥י שִׁיר֖וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וָאָֽלֶף׃ | And he spoke three thousand proverbs, and his songs amounted to one thousand and five. | amounted to ← were. |
| 1 Ki 5:13 1 Ki 4:33AV |
וַיְדַבֵּר֮ עַל־הָֽעֵצִים֒ מִן־הָאֶ֙רֶז֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וְעַד֙ הָאֵז֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹצֵ֖א בַּקִּ֑יר וַיְדַבֵּר֙ עַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֣ה וְעַל־הָע֔וֹף וְעַל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ וְעַל־הַדָּגִֽים׃ | And he spoke about trees, from the cedar which is in Lebanon to the hyssop which comes out of a wall, and he spoke about cattle and about birds and about reptiles and about fish. | |
| 1 Ki 5:14 1 Ki 4:34AV |
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ אֵ֖ת חָכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה מֵאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־חָכְמָתֽוֹ׃ ס | And people came from all the nations to hear Solomon's wisdom – from all the kings of the earth who had heard of his wisdom. | |
| 1 Ki 5:15 1 Ki 5:1AV |
וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח חִירָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צ֤וֹר אֶת־עֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י אֹת֛וֹ מָשְׁח֥וּ לְמֶ֖לֶךְ תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יהוּ כִּ֣י אֹהֵ֗ב הָיָ֥ה חִירָ֛ם לְדָוִ֖ד כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants to Solomon, for he had heard that they had anointed him king in place of his father, because Hiram was friendly to David at all times. | at all times ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 5:16 1 Ki 5:2AV |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶל־חִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Solomon sent word to Hiram and said, | || 2 Chr 2:2 (2 Chr 2:3AV). |
| 1 Ki 5:17 1 Ki 5:3AV |
אַתָּ֨ה יָדַ֜עְתָּ אֶת־דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֗י כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֗יִת לְשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִפְּנֵ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבָבֻ֑הוּ עַ֤ד תֵּת־יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֥וֹת *רגלו **רַגְלָֽי׃ | “You know how my father David could not build a house to the name of the Lord his God, because of the wars which surrounded him until the Lord put them under the soles of {K: his} [Q: my] feet. |
|| 2 Chr 2:2 (2 Chr 2:3AV).
wars ← war, but with a plural verb, surrounded, as pointed in MT. A (gender-discordant) plural pronoun them follows. feet ← foot. |
| 1 Ki 5:18 1 Ki 5:4AV |
וְעַתָּ֕ה הֵנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛י לִ֖י מִסָּבִ֑יב אֵ֣ין שָׂטָ֔ן וְאֵ֖ין פֶּ֥גַע רָֽע׃ | And now the Lord my God has given me rest round about; there is no adversary, and there is no harmful conflict. | |
| 1 Ki 5:19 1 Ki 5:5AV |
וְהִנְנִ֣י אֹמֵ֔ר לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד אָבִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בִּנְךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֶתֵּ֤ן תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ עַל־כִּסְאֶ֔ךָ הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה הַבַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִֽי׃ | And look, I intend to build a house to the name of the Lord my God, as the Lord spoke to David my father when he said, ‘It is your son, whom I will put on your throne in place of you, who will build the house to my name.’ |
|| 2 Chr 2:3 (2 Chr 2:4AV).
intend ← say; think. |
| 1 Ki 5:20 1 Ki 5:6AV |
וְעַתָּ֡ה צַוֵּה֩ וְיִכְרְתוּ־לִ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים מִן־הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן וַֽעֲבָדַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ עִם־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּשְׂכַ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמֵ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֛נוּ אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ לִכְרָת־עֵצִ֖ים כַּצִּדֹנִֽים׃ | So now, command that they cut cedars from Lebanon for me, and my servants will be with your servants, and I will give you the wages of your servants according to whatever you specify, for you know that among us there is no man who knows how to cut trees like the Sidonians.” |
|| 2 Chr 2:6, 2 Chr 2:7, 2 Chr 2:8 (2 Chr 2:7AV, 2 Chr 2:8AV, 2 Chr 2:9AV).
whatever ← all. Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| 1 Ki 5:21 1 Ki 5:7AV |
וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֧עַ חִירָ֛ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֣ח מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן לְדָוִד֙ בֵּ֣ן חָכָ֔ם עַל־הָעָ֥ם הָרָ֖ב הַזֶּֽה׃ | And it came to pass when Hiram heard Solomon's words that he was very pleased, and he said, “Blessed be the Lord today who has given David a wise son over this great people.” | || 2 Chr 2:10, 2 Chr 2:11 (2 Chr 2:11AV, 2 Chr 2:12AV). |
| 1 Ki 5:22 1 Ki 5:8AV |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח חִירָם֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁמַ֕עְתִּי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֖חְתָּ אֵלָ֑י אֲנִ֤י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֶפְצְךָ֔ בַּעֲצֵ֥י אֲרָזִ֖ים וּבַעֲצֵ֥י בְרוֹשִֽׁים׃ | And Hiram sent word to Solomon and said, “I have heard what you sent me. I will carry out all your wishes concerning cedar trees and cypress trees. | wishes ← desire. |
| 1 Ki 5:23 1 Ki 5:9AV |
עֲ֠בָדַי יֹרִ֨דוּ מִן־הַלְּבָנ֜וֹן יָ֗מָּה וַ֠אֲנִי אֲשִׂימֵ֨ם דֹּבְר֤וֹת בַּיָּם֙ עַֽד־הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֵלַ֛י וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥ים שָׁ֖ם וְאַתָּ֣ה תִשָּׂ֑א וְאַתָּה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־חֶפְצִ֔י לָתֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם בֵּיתִֽי׃ | My servants will bring them down from Lebanon to the sea, and I will have them laid on rafts to go by sea to the place you notify me of, and I will unload them there, and you will take them away, and you will carry out my wish by giving bread to my household.” |
|| 2 Chr 2:15 (2 Chr 2:16AV).
unload ← disperse. by giving: gerundial use of the infinitive. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 5:24 1 Ki 5:10AV |
וַיְהִ֨י חִיר֜וֹם נֹתֵ֣ן לִשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה עֲצֵ֧י אֲרָזִ֛ים וַעֲצֵ֥י בְרוֹשִׁ֖ים כָּל־חֶפְצֽוֹ׃ | So Hiram gave Solomon cedar wood and cypress wood – as much as he wanted. |
Hiram: MT= Hirom here.
as much as he wanted ← all his desire. |
| 1 Ki 5:25 1 Ki 5:11AV |
וּשְׁלֹמֹה֩ נָתַ֨ן לְחִירָ֜ם עֶשְׂרִים֩ אֶ֨לֶף כֹּ֤ר חִטִּים֙ מַכֹּ֣לֶת לְבֵית֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים כֹּ֖ר שֶׁ֣מֶן כָּתִ֑ית כֹּֽה־יִתֵּ֧ן שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה לְחִירָ֖ם שָׁנָ֥ה בְשָׁנָֽה׃ פ | And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors of wheat as food for his household, and twenty cors of beaten oil. This is what Solomon gave Hiram year by year. |
cor (2x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres.
this is what ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 5:26 1 Ki 5:12AV |
וַיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן חָכְמָה֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר־ל֑וֹ וַיְהִ֣י שָׁלֹ֗ם בֵּ֤ין חִירָם֙ וּבֵ֣ין שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ בְרִ֖ית שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as he had said to him, and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a covenant. | |
| 1 Ki 5:27 1 Ki 5:13AV |
וַיַּ֨עַל הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה מַ֖ס מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י הַמַּ֔ס שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | And King Solomon raised a workforce with a levy on all Israel, and the workforce consisted of thirty thousand men. |
|| 2 Chr 2:16 (2 Chr 2:17AV).
workforce ← levy. consisted of ← was. |
| 1 Ki 5:28 1 Ki 5:14AV |
וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם לְבָנ֗וֹנָה עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֤ים בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ חֲלִיפ֔וֹת חֹ֚דֶשׁ יִהְי֣וּ בַלְּבָנ֔וֹן שְׁנַ֥יִם חֳדָשִׁ֖ים בְּבֵית֑וֹ וַאֲדֹנִירָ֖ם עַל־הַמַּֽס׃ ס | And he sent them to Lebanon – ten thousand for a month in shifts. For a month they were in Lebanon and for two months at home. And Adoniram was in charge of the workforce. |
|| 2 Chr 2:16 (2 Chr 2:17AV).
shifts ← alternations. at home ← in his house. in charge of ← over. workforce ← levy. |
| 1 Ki 5:29 1 Ki 5:15AV |
וַיְהִ֧י לִשְׁלֹמֹ֛ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף נֹשֵׂ֣א סַבָּ֑ל וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֹצֵ֥ב בָּהָֽר׃ | And Solomon had seventy thousand burden bearers and eighty thousand hewers at the mountain, | || 2 Chr 2:17 (2 Chr 2:18AV). |
| 1 Ki 5:30 1 Ki 5:16AV |
לְ֠בַד מִשָּׂרֵ֨י הַנִּצָּבִ֤ים לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת הָרֹדִ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם הָעֹשִׂ֖ים בַּמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | besides Solomon's appointed officials who were over the craftsmanship – three thousand three hundred of them – who had authority over the people who carried out the artisanry. | || 2 Chr 2:17 (2 Chr 2:18AV). |
| 1 Ki 5:31 1 Ki 5:17AV |
וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ וַיַּסִּעוּ֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֜וֹת אֲבָנִ֧ים יְקָר֛וֹת לְיַסֵּ֥ד הַבָּ֖יִת אַבְנֵ֥י גָזִֽית׃ | And the king gave commandment, and they quarried large stones, and costly stones, so as to lay the foundation of the house with hewn stones. | |
| 1 Ki 5:32 1 Ki 5:18AV |
וַֽיִּפְסְל֞וּ בֹּנֵ֧י שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וּבֹנֵ֥י חִיר֖וֹם וְהַגִּבְלִ֑ים וַיָּכִ֛ינוּ הָעֵצִ֥ים וְהָאֲבָנִ֖ים לִבְנ֥וֹת הַבָּֽיִת׃ פ | And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders and the Giblites carved and prepared the wood and the stones to build the house. | |
| 1 Ki 6:1 | וַיְהִ֣י בִשְׁמוֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֣ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֣וֹת שָׁנָ֡ה לְצֵ֣את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֩ בַּשָּׁנָ֨ה הָרְבִיעִ֜ית בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ זִ֗ו ה֚וּא הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י לִמְלֹ֥ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּ֥בֶן הַבַּ֖יִת לַיהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, in the four hundred and eightieth year after the exodus of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, of Solomon's reign over Israel, that he built the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 3:1, 2 Chr 3:2.
Ziv: AV= Zif, but we use the modern English name. Also called Iyyar (or Iyar). |
| 1 Ki 6:2 | וְהַבַּ֗יִת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֜ה הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁשִּֽׁים־אַמָּ֥ה אָרְכּ֖וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים רָחְבּ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And the house which King Solomon built to the Lord was sixty cubits in length and twenty cubits in width and thirty cubits in height. |
|| 2 Chr 3:3.
cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. in length ... in width ... in height ← its length ... its width ... its height. |
| 1 Ki 6:3 | וְהָאוּלָ֗ם עַל־פְּנֵי֙ הֵיכַ֣ל הַבַּ֔יִת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּה֙ אָרְכּ֔וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י רֹ֣חַב הַבָּ֑יִת עֶ֧שֶׂר בָּאַמָּ֛ה רָחְבּ֖וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And the portico in front of the temple of the house was twenty cubits in length across the width of the house, and its width was ten cubits in front of the house. |
|| 2 Chr 3:4.
in length ← its length. |
| 1 Ki 6:4 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לַבָּ֔יִת חַלּוֹנֵ֖י שְׁקֻפִ֥ים אֲטֻמִֽים׃ | And he made overhanging sealed windows for the house. |
overhanging: AV differs (lights).
sealed ← closed [AnLx]. AV differs (narrow), as [BDB]. |
| 1 Ki 6:5 | וַיִּבֶן֩ עַל־קִ֨יר הַבַּ֤יִת *יצוע **יָצִ֙יעַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֶת־קִיר֤וֹת הַבַּ֙יִת֙ סָבִ֔יב לַֽהֵיכָ֖ל וְלַדְּבִ֑יר וַיַּ֥עַשׂ צְלָע֖וֹת סָבִֽיב׃ | And he built a side-structure against the wall of the house around it alongside the walls of the house round about, belonging to the temple and the place of address. And he built rows of side-rooms round about. |
a side-structure: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
rows of side-rooms ← ribs. |
| 1 Ki 6:6 | *היצוע **הַיָּצִ֨יעַ הַתַּחְתֹּנָ֜ה חָמֵ֧שׁ בָּאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבָּ֗הּ וְהַתִּֽיכֹנָה֙ שֵׁ֤שׁ בָּֽאַמָּה֙ רָחְבָּ֔הּ וְהַ֨שְּׁלִישִׁ֔ית שֶׁ֥בַע בָּאַמָּ֖ה רָחְבָּ֑הּ כִּ֡י מִגְרָעוֹת֩ נָתַ֨ן לַבַּ֤יִת סָבִיב֙ ח֔וּצָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י אֲחֹ֥ז בְּקִֽירוֹת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | The lowest storey was five cubits in width and the middle one was six cubits in width and the third one was seven cubits in width, for he made the house with overhanging storeys round about on the outside, so that they would not join flush to the walls of the house. |
storey: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
in width (3x) ← its width. made the house with overhanging storeys ← he gave rebates to the house, i.e. greater setbacks on the lower storeys. |
| 1 Ki 6:7 | וְהַבַּ֙יִת֙ בְּהִבָּ֣נֹת֔וֹ אֶֽבֶן־שְׁלֵמָ֥ה מַסָּ֖ע נִבְנָ֑ה וּמַקָּב֤וֹת וְהַגַּרְזֶן֙ כָּל־כְּלִ֣י בַרְזֶ֔ל לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֥ע בַּבַּ֖יִת בְּהִבָּנֹתֽוֹ׃ | Now the construction of the house was with whole stones, pre-fashioned for transport, so no hammers or axe or any iron implement was heard in the house during its construction. |
construction (2x) ← in its being built, gerundial use of the infinitive.
pre-fashioned ← built. |
| 1 Ki 6:8 | פֶּ֗תַח הַצֵּלָע֙ הַתִּ֣יכֹנָ֔ה אֶל־כֶּ֥תֶף הַבַּ֖יִת הַיְמָנִ֑ית וּבְלוּלִּ֗ים יַֽעֲלוּ֙ עַל־הַתִּ֣יכֹנָ֔ה וּמִן־הַתִּֽיכֹנָ֖ה אֶל־הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃ | The door to the middle row of side-rooms was on the right hand side of the house, and one went up by spiral steps to the middle storey and from the middle storey to the third one. |
row ← rib.
side ← shoulder. third one ← third ones. |
| 1 Ki 6:9 | וַיִּ֥בֶן אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וַיְכַלֵּ֑הוּ וַיִּסְפֹּ֤ן אֶת־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ גֵּבִ֔ים וּשְׂדֵרֹ֖ת בָּאֲרָזִֽים׃ | So he built the house and completed it, and he panelled the house with boards, including the suites of rooms, with cedar. | |
| 1 Ki 6:10 | וַיִּ֤בֶן אֶת־*היצוע **הַיָּצִ֙יעַ֙ עַל־כָּל־הַבַּ֔יִת חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת קֽוֹמָת֑וֹ וַיֶּאֱחֹ֥ז אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת בַּעֲצֵ֥י אֲרָזִֽים׃ פ | And he built the side-structure against all the house. Its height was five cubits, and it was joined to the house by beams of cedar. |
side-structure: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
it was joined to ← it gripped. |
| 1 Ki 6:11 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Solomon, as follows: | as follows ← to say. |
| 1 Ki 6:12 | הַבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה בֹנֶ֗ה אִם־תֵּלֵ֤ךְ בְּחֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֥ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתַ֖י לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם וַהֲקִמֹתִ֤י אֶת־דְּבָרִי֙ אִתָּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיךָ׃ | “As regards this house which you are building, if you walk in my statutes and execute my judgments and keep all my commandments by walking in them, then I will establish my word with you which I spoke to David your father, | by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 6:13 | וְשָׁ֣כַנְתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֥א אֶעֱזֹ֖ב אֶת־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | and I will dwell among the sons of Israel, and I will not leave my people Israel.” | |
| 1 Ki 6:14 | וַיִּ֧בֶן שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וַיְכַלֵּֽהוּ׃ | And Solomon built the house and completed it. | |
| 1 Ki 6:15 | וַיִּבֶן֩ אֶת־קִיר֨וֹת הַבַּ֤יִת מִבַּ֙יְתָה֙ בְּצַלְע֣וֹת אֲרָזִ֔ים מִקַּרְקַ֤ע הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַד־קִיר֣וֹת הַסִּפֻּ֔ן צִפָּ֥ה עֵ֖ץ מִבָּ֑יִת וַיְצַ֛ף אֶת־קַרְקַ֥ע הַבַּ֖יִת בְּצַלְע֥וֹת בְּרוֹשִֽׁים׃ | And he built the walls of the house on the inside with cedar panelling. From the ground level of the house up to ceiling height he overlaid the walls with wood on the inside, and he overlaid the floor of the house with panels of cypress. | to ceiling height he overlaid the walls ← up to the walls of the ceiling he overlaid. |
| 1 Ki 6:16 | וַיִּבֶן֩ אֶת־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים אַמָּ֜ה *מירכותי **מִֽיַּרְכְּתֵ֤י הַבַּ֙יִת֙ בְּצַלְע֣וֹת אֲרָזִ֔ים מִן־הַקַּרְקַ֖ע עַד־הַקִּיר֑וֹת וַיִּ֤בֶן לוֹ֙ מִבַּ֣יִת לִדְבִ֔יר לְקֹ֖דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And he built twenty cubits of the sides of the house with panels of cedar from ground level up as far as the walls, and he built them for it on the inside, for the place of address – the holy of holies. | sides: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| 1 Ki 6:17 | וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים בָּאַמָּ֖ה הָיָ֣ה הַבָּ֑יִת ה֖וּא הַהֵיכָ֥ל לִפְנָֽי׃ | And the house was forty cubits in length – that is the temple in front. | |
| 1 Ki 6:18 | וְאֶ֤רֶז אֶל־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ פְּנִ֔ימָה מִקְלַ֣עַת פְּקָעִ֔ים וּפְטוּרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים הַכֹּ֣ל אֶ֔רֶז אֵ֥ין אֶ֖בֶן נִרְאָֽה׃ | And the cedar of the house inside was carved into hemispheres and blossoming flowers. Everything was cedar – there was no stone to be seen. |
hemispheres: perhaps, with [AnLx], cucumbers or mushrooms. [BDB] has ball shaped ornaments.
blossoming ← burst (open). to be seen ← seen. |
| 1 Ki 6:19 | וּדְבִ֧יר בְּתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֛יִת מִפְּנִ֖ימָה הֵכִ֑ין לְתִתֵּ֣ן שָׁ֔ם אֶת־אֲר֖וֹן בְּרִ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And he prepared the place of address inside the house, on the inside, for putting the ark of the covenant of the Lord there. | for putting: gerundial use of the infinitive. A rare form of the infinitive, but also found in 1 Ki 17:14 ketiv. Disputed by [Ges-HG] §66i. |
| 1 Ki 6:20 | וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֡יר עֶשְׂרִים֩ אַמָּ֨ה אֹ֜רֶךְ וְעֶשְׂרִ֧ים אַמָּ֣ה רֹ֗חַב וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים אַמָּה֙ קֽוֹמָת֔וֹ וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וַיְצַ֥ף מִזְבֵּ֖חַ אָֽרֶז׃ | And in front of the place of address was a space of twenty cubits in length and twenty cubits in width and twenty cubits in height, and he overlaid it with seamless gold, and he overlaid the altar of cedar. | in height ← its height. |
| 1 Ki 6:21 | וַיְצַ֨ף שְׁלֹמֹ֧ה אֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת מִפְּנִ֖ימָה זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וַיְעַבֵּ֞ר *ברתיקות **בְּרַתּוּק֤וֹת זָהָב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֔יר וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָֽב׃ | And Solomon overlaid the house inside with seamless gold, and he fixed golden chains in front of the place of address, which he had overlaid with gold. |
chains: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 3:4, 2 Chr 3:5. fixed ← made pass. |
| 1 Ki 6:22 | וְאֶת־כָּל־הַבַּ֛יִת צִפָּ֥ה זָהָ֖ב עַד־תֹּ֣ם כָּל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְכָל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ אֲֽשֶׁר־לַדְּבִ֖יר צִפָּ֥ה זָהָֽב׃ | And he overlaid the whole house with gold, so that the whole house was completed, and he overlaid with gold the whole altar which is for the place of address. |
|| 2 Chr 3:6, 2 Chr 3:7, 2 Chr 3:8, 2 Chr 3:9.
so that ← up to. |
| 1 Ki 6:23 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ בַּדְּבִ֔יר שְׁנֵ֥י כְרוּבִ֖ים עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃ | And in the place of address he made two cherubim of olive tree wood, which were ten cubits tall. |
|| 2 Chr 3:10.
olive ← oil. tall ← its height. |
| 1 Ki 6:24 | וְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֗וֹת כְּנַ֤ף הַכְּרוּב֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת כְּנַ֥ף הַכְּר֖וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית עֶ֣שֶׂר אַמּ֔וֹת מִקְצ֥וֹת כְּנָפָ֖יו וְעַד־קְצ֥וֹת כְּנָפָֽיו׃ | And the size of one wing of a cherub was five cubits, and the size of the other wing of a cherub was five cubits – ten cubits from one end of its wings to the other end of its wings. |
|| 2 Chr 3:11.
other ← second. end ... end ← ends ... ends. |
| 1 Ki 6:25 | וְעֶ֙שֶׂר֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַכְּר֖וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֑י מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֛ת וְקֶ֥צֶב אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃ | And the second cherub was ten cubits across; the two cherubim had the same size and the same shape. |
|| 2 Chr 3:12.
the same (2x) ← one. |
| 1 Ki 6:26 | קוֹמַת֙ הַכְּר֣וּב הָֽאֶחָ֔ד עֶ֖שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֑ה וְכֵ֖ן הַכְּר֥וּב הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | The height of one cherub was ten cubits, and so was the other cherub. | other ← second. |
| 1 Ki 6:27 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִ֜ים בְּת֣וֹךְ ׀ הַבַּ֣יִת הַפְּנִימִ֗י וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֮ אֶת־כַּנְפֵ֣י הַכְּרֻבִים֒ וַתִּגַּ֤ע כְּנַף־הָֽאֶחָד֙ בַּקִּ֔יר וּכְנַף֙ הַכְּר֣וּב הַשֵּׁנִ֔י נֹגַ֖עַת בַּקִּ֣יר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י וְכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַבַּ֔יִת נֹגְעֹ֖ת כָּנָ֥ף אֶל־כָּנָֽף׃ | And he placed the cherubim in the inner house, and they spread the wings of the cherubim out, and the wing of one touched the wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall, and their wings in the centre of the house touched wing against wing. |
|| 2 Chr 3:12, 2 Chr 3:13.
other (2x) ← second. |
| 1 Ki 6:28 | וַיְצַ֥ף אֶת־הַכְּרוּבִ֖ים זָהָֽב׃ | And he overlaid the cherubim with gold. | |
| 1 Ki 6:29 | וְאֵת֩ כָּל־קִיר֨וֹת הַבַּ֜יִת מֵסַ֣ב ׀ קָלַ֗ע פִּתּוּחֵי֙ מִקְלְעוֹת֙ כְּרוּבִ֣ים וְתִֽמֹרֹ֔ת וּפְטוּרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים מִלִּפְנִ֖ים וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃ | And on all the walls of the house round about he made carved figures of cherubim and palm trees and blossoming flowers, on the inside and on the outside. |
made carved figures ← carved engravings of carvings.
blossoming: see 1 Ki 6:18. |
| 1 Ki 6:30 | וְאֶת־קַרְקַ֥ע הַבַּ֖יִת צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֑ב לִפְנִ֖ימָה וְלַחִיצֽוֹן׃ | And he overlaid the floor of the house with gold on the inside and on the outside. | |
| 1 Ki 6:31 | וְאֵת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַדְּבִ֔יר עָשָׂ֖ה דַּלְת֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן הָאַ֥יִל מְזוּז֖וֹת חֲמִשִֽׁית׃ | And he made the entrance to the place of address with doors of olive tree wood, as well as the lintel and doorposts, making the set of five parts. |
olive ← oil.
the lintel and doorposts, making the set of five parts ← the ram and doorposts fifth. AV differs (the lintel and side posts were a fifth part of the wall). |
| 1 Ki 6:32 | וּשְׁתֵּי֮ דַּלְת֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שֶׁמֶן֒ וְקָלַ֣ע עֲ֠לֵיהֶם מִקְלְע֨וֹת כְּרוּבִ֧ים וְתִמֹר֛וֹת וּפְטוּרֵ֥י צִצִּ֖ים וְצִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֑ב וַיָּ֛רֶד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִ֥ים וְעַל־הַתִּֽמֹר֖וֹת אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב׃ | So the two doors were of olive tree wood, and he made carvings on them of cherubim and palm trees and blossoming flowers, and he overlaid them with gold, and he overlaid the cherubim and the palm trees with gold. |
olive ← oil.
made carvings ← carved carvings. blossoming: see 1 Ki 6:18. overlaid: not the usual word for to overlay. |
| 1 Ki 6:33 | וְכֵ֥ן עָשָׂ֛ה לְפֶ֥תַח הַֽהֵיכָ֖ל מְזוּז֣וֹת עֲצֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן מֵאֵ֖ת רְבִעִֽית׃ | And similarly he made the entrance to the temple – the doorposts, from olive tree wood, a set of four parts – |
olive ← oil.
four parts: no wooden lintel mentioned here. Compare 1 Ki 6:31. |
| 1 Ki 6:34 | וּשְׁתֵּ֥י דַלְת֖וֹת עֲצֵ֣י בְרוֹשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י צְלָעִ֜ים הַדֶּ֤לֶת הָֽאַחַת֙ גְּלִילִ֔ים וּשְׁנֵ֧י קְלָעִ֛ים הַדֶּ֥לֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית גְּלִילִֽים׃ | and the two doors were of cypress wood. The two leaves of the first door were hinged and the two leaves of the second door were hinged. |
leaves ... leaves ← ribs ... hangings, but a manuscript and the ancient versions have ribs ... ribs [BHS-CA], by reading a tsadé for [WLC]'s qoph.
first ← one. hinged (2x) ← rotating. |
| 1 Ki 6:35 | וְקָלַ֤ע כְּרוּבִים֙ וְתִ֣מֹר֔וֹת וּפְטֻרֵ֖י צִצִּ֑ים וְצִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֔ב מְיֻשָּׁ֖ר עַל־הַמְּחֻקֶּֽה׃ | And he carved the cherubim and the palm trees and blossoming of flowers, and he overlaid them with gold which was applied over what was carved. |
blossoming: see 1 Ki 6:18.
applied ← smoothed, directed. |
| 1 Ki 6:36 | וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔ית שְׁלֹשָׁ֖ה טוּרֵ֣י גָזִ֑ית וְט֖וּר כְּרֻתֹ֥ת אֲרָזִֽים׃ | And he built the inner courtyard with three rows of hewn stone and a row of hewn cedar beams. | |
| 1 Ki 6:37 | בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔ית יֻסַּ֖ד בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּיֶ֖רַח זִֽו׃ | In the fourth year the house of the Lord was founded, in the month of Ziv. | Ziv: AV= Zif, but we use the modern English name. Also called Iyyar (or Iyar). |
| 1 Ki 6:38 | וּבַשָּׁנָה֩ הָאַחַ֨ת עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה בְּיֶ֣רַח בּ֗וּל ה֚וּא הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י כָּלָ֣ה הַבַּ֔יִת לְכָל־דְּבָרָ֖יו וּלְכָל־*משפטו **מִשְׁפָּטָ֑יו וַיִּבְנֵ֖הוּ שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | And in the eleventh year, in the month of Bul – that is the eighth month – the house was completed in all its aspects and with {Q: all its features} [K: every feature]. So he built it in seven years. |
features qeré ← judgments, customs. The ketiv is the same word in the singular.
aspects ← things. |
| 1 Ki 7:1 | וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ בָּנָ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיְכַ֖ל אֶת־כָּל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | And Solomon built his own house in thirteen years, and he completed all of his house. | |
| 1 Ki 7:2 | וַיִּ֜בֶן אֶת־בֵּ֣ית ׀ יַ֣עַר הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן מֵאָ֨ה אַמָּ֤ה אָרְכּוֹ֙ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה קוֹמָת֑וֹ עַ֗ל אַרְבָּעָה֙ טוּרֵי֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י אֲרָזִ֔ים וּכְרֻת֥וֹת אֲרָזִ֖ים עַל־הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | And he built the house of the Forest of Lebanon. Its length was one hundred cubits, and its width was fifty cubits, and its height was thirty cubits, on four rows of cedar columns, and there were hewn beams of cedar on the columns. | cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 1 Ki 7:3 | וְסָפֻ֣ן בָּאֶ֗רֶז מִמַּ֙עַל֙ עַל־הַצְּלָעֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָֽעַמּוּדִ֔ים אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר הַטּֽוּר׃ | And it was panelled with cedar above on the sides which rested on the forty-five columns – fifteen per row. | sides ← ribs. |
| 1 Ki 7:4 | וּשְׁקֻפִ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה טוּרִ֑ים וּמֶחֱזָ֥ה אֶל־מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And there were three rows of overhanging windows, with window light paired with window light three times over. | paired with ← to. |
| 1 Ki 7:5 | וְכָל־הַפְּתָחִ֥ים וְהַמְּזוּז֖וֹת רְבֻעִ֣ים שָׁ֑קֶף וּמ֧וּל מֶחֱזָ֛ה אֶל־מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And all the entrances and doorposts were square and protruding, and at the front was window light paired with window light three times over. | protruding ← covering, coping, but related to overhanging. |
| 1 Ki 7:6 | וְאֵ֨ת אוּלָ֤ם הָֽעַמּוּדִים֙ עָשָׂ֔ה חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אָרְכּ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה רָחְבּ֑וֹ וְאוּלָם֙ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמֻּדִ֥ים וְעָ֖ב עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he made a colonnaded portico. Its length was fifty cubits, and its width was thirty cubits. And another portico was in the front of it, with columns and steps in front of it. |
it (2x) ← them.
steps: AV differs (thick beam). [Ges-HCL] gives thresholds, steps. [AnLx] gives covering (of planks). [BDB] offers other conjectures. |
| 1 Ki 7:7 | וְאוּלָ֤ם הַכִּסֵּא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁפָּט־שָׁ֔ם אֻלָ֥ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט עָשָׂ֑ה וְסָפ֣וּן בָּאֶ֔רֶז מֵהַקַּרְקַ֖ע עַד־הַקַּרְקָֽע׃ | Then he made a hall for the throne where he judged – the hall of judgment. And it was installed with cedar on the floor from wall to wall. |
installed ← panelled, but here apparently for the floor.
on the floor from wall to wall ← from floor to floor. |
| 1 Ki 7:8 | וּבֵיתוֹ֩ אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨שֶׁב שָׁ֜ם חָצֵ֣ר הָאַחֶ֗רֶת מִבֵּית֙ לָֽאוּלָ֔ם כַּמַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וּבַ֜יִת יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה לְבַת־פַּרְעֹה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָקַ֣ח שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה כָּאוּלָ֖ם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And his house where he stayed had another court inside the hall, which was of similar design. And he made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter whom Solomon took as his wife. |
stayed: or sat.
which was of similar design ← it was like this work. |
| 1 Ki 7:9 | כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה אֲבָנִ֤ים יְקָרֹת֙ כְּמִדֹּ֣ת גָּזִ֔ית מְגֹרָר֥וֹת בַּמְּגֵרָ֖ה מִבַּ֣יִת וּמִח֑וּץ וּמִמַּסָּד֙ עַד־הַטְּפָח֔וֹת וּמִח֖וּץ עַד־הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַגְּדוֹלָֽה׃ | All of these were of expensive stone, according to the required dimensions of hewn stone, sawn with a saw, for the inside and the outside, and they were from the foundation to the coping stones, and on the outside up to the great court. | stone ← stones. |
| 1 Ki 7:10 | וּמְיֻסָּ֕ד אֲבָנִ֥ים יְקָר֖וֹת אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֑וֹת אַבְנֵי֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר אַמּ֔וֹת וְאַבְנֵ֖י שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה אַמּֽוֹת׃ | So it was founded in expensive and large stones – stones of ten cubits and stones of eight cubits. | |
| 1 Ki 7:11 | וּמִלְמַ֗עְלָה אֲבָנִ֧ים יְקָר֛וֹת כְּמִדּ֥וֹת גָּזִ֖ית וָאָֽרֶז׃ | And above were expensive stones – hewn stones and cedar according to the required dimensions. | |
| 1 Ki 7:12 | וְחָצֵ֨ר הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה סָבִ֗יב שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ טוּרִ֣ים גָּזִ֔ית וְט֖וּר כְּרֻתֹ֣ת אֲרָזִ֑ים וְלַחֲצַ֧ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֛ה הַפְּנִימִ֖ית וּלְאֻלָ֥ם הַבָּֽיִת׃ פ | And the great surrounding court was of three rows of hewn stone, and a row of hewn beams of cedar, and so it was both for the inner court of the house of the Lord and for the hall of the house. | |
| 1 Ki 7:13 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֶת־חִירָ֖ם מִצֹּֽר׃ | And King Solomon sent men to bring Hiram from Tyre. | to bring ← and he took. Purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 7:14 | בֶּן־אִשָּׁה֩ אַלְמָנָ֨ה ה֜וּא מִמַּטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֗י וְאָבִ֣יו אִישׁ־צֹרִי֮ חֹרֵ֣שׁ נְחֹשֶׁת֒ וַ֠יִּמָּלֵא אֶת־הַחָכְמָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַתְּבוּנָה֙ וְאֶת־הַדַּ֔עַת לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה בַּנְּחֹ֑שֶׁת וַיָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־כָּל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ | He was the son of a widow, of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a coppersmith, and he was filled with wisdom and skill and knowledge in making all kinds of artisanry in copper. And he came to King Solomon, and he made all his artisanry. |
widow ← widow woman.
in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 7:15 | וַיָּ֛צַר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָעַמּוּדִ֖ים נְחֹ֑שֶׁת שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה אַמָּ֗ה קוֹמַת֙ הָעַמּ֣וּד הָאֶחָ֔ד וְחוּט֙ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אַמָּ֔ה יָסֹ֖ב אֶת־הָעַמּ֥וּד הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And he fashioned the two copper columns, and the height of the first column was eighteen cubits, and a thread of twelve cubits would go around the second column. |
|| 2 Chr 3:15.
the first ... the second ← one ... the second. We presume the columns were identical, so one could translate each ... each. twelve cubits: if this is the circumference, then the ↴ |
| 1 Ki 7:16 | וּשְׁתֵּ֨י כֹתָרֹ֜ת עָשָׂ֗ה לָתֵ֛ת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֥י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֖ים מֻצַ֣ק נְחֹ֑שֶׁת חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֗וֹת קוֹמַת֙ הַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת קוֹמַ֖ת הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he made two capitals to go on top of the columns, cast in copper. The height of one capital was five cubits, and the height of the other capital was five cubits. |
↳ diameter is a little under 4 cubits. A cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm.
|| 2 Chr 3:15, 2 Chr 3:16. go ← give; put. other ← second. |
| 1 Ki 7:17 | שְׂבָכִ֞ים מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שְׂבָכָ֗ה גְּדִלִים֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹת לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים שִׁבְעָה֙ לַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה לַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he made trellises – lattice work with tassels – a work in chains for the capitals which were on top of the columns – seven for one capital and seven for the other capital. | other ← second. |
| 1 Ki 7:18 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים וּשְׁנֵי֩ טוּרִ֨ים סָבִ֜יב עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֗ת לְכַסּ֤וֹת אֶת־הַכֹּֽתָרֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים וְכֵ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לַכֹּתֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And he made the columns, and two rows around one trellis to cover the capitals which were on top of the pomegranates, and he did likewise for the second capital. | two rows: it is not clear what these are. Commentators emend the text, but we translate it as it stands. |
| 1 Ki 7:19 | וְכֹֽתָרֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה שׁוּשַׁ֣ן בָּֽאוּלָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֖ע אַמּֽוֹת׃ | And the capitals which were on top of the columns were made in the fashion of the lilies in the hall – four cubits of them, |
made ← a work.
lilies ← lily. Collective usage. |
| 1 Ki 7:20 | וְכֹתָרֹ֗ת עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ הָֽעַמּוּדִ֔ים גַּם־מִמַּ֙עַל֙ מִלְּעֻמַּ֣ת הַבֶּ֔טֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֵ֣בֶר *שבכה **הַשְּׂבָכָ֑ה וְהָרִמּוֹנִ֤ים מָאתַ֙יִם֙ טֻרִ֣ים סָבִ֔יב עַ֖ל הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | as were the capitals of the two columns – both above and opposite the protrusion which was in front of {K: the} [Q: the] trellis – and there were two hundred pomegranates in rows all around on the second capital. | |
| 1 Ki 7:21 | וַיָּ֙קֶם֙ אֶת־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים לְאֻלָ֖ם הַֽהֵיכָ֑ל וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־הָעַמּ֣וּד הַיְמָנִ֗י וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ יָכִ֔ין וַיָּ֙קֶם֙ אֶת־הָעַמּ֣וּד הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔י וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃ | And he erected the columns for the hall of the temple, and when he had erected the right hand column, he called it Jachin, and when he had erected the left hand column, he called it Boaz. | || 2 Chr 3:17. |
| 1 Ki 7:22 | וְעַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֖ים מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן וַתִּתֹּ֖ם מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | And on top of the columns was the lily work. And the column work was completed. | |
| 1 Ki 7:23 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם מוּצָ֑ק עֶ֣שֶׂר בָּ֠אַמָּה מִשְּׂפָת֨וֹ עַד־שְׂפָת֜וֹ עָגֹ֣ל ׀ סָבִ֗יב וְחָמֵ֤שׁ בָּֽאַמָּה֙ קוֹמָת֔וֹ *וקוה **וְקָו֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה יָסֹ֥ב אֹת֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he made the cast artificial sea, ten cubits in diameter, circular all round, and its height was five cubits, and {K: a cord} [Q: a line] of thirty cubits would fit round it. |
|| 2 Chr 4:2.
in diameter ← from its rim to its rim. would fit round it ← will surround it around. This is the famous pi = 3 (approximately) verse. |
| 1 Ki 7:24 | וּפְקָעִים֩ מִתַּ֨חַת לִשְׂפָת֤וֹ ׀ סָבִיב֙ סֹבְבִ֣ים אֹת֔וֹ עֶ֚שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה מַקִּפִ֥ים אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם סָבִ֑יב שְׁנֵ֤י טוּרִים֙ הַפְּקָעִ֔ים יְצֻקִ֖ים בִּיצֻקָתֽוֹ׃ | And below its rim encircling it all around were hemispheres, ten to the cubit, encircling the artificial sea. There were two rows of hemispheres, cast integrally. |
|| 2 Chr 4:3.
hemispheres: see 1 Ki 6:18. cast integrally ← cast in their casting. |
| 1 Ki 7:25 | עֹמֵ֞ד עַל־שְׁנֵ֧י עָשָׂ֣ר בָּקָ֗ר שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה פֹנִ֣ים ׀ צָפ֡וֹנָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֩ פֹנִ֨ים ׀ יָ֜מָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה ׀ פֹּנִ֣ים נֶ֗גְבָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פֹּנִ֣ים מִזְרָ֔חָה וְהַיָּ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְכָל־אֲחֹֽרֵיהֶ֖ם בָּֽיְתָה׃ | It stood on twelve oxen – three facing northwards, and three facing westwards, and three facing southwards, and three facing eastwards. And the artificial sea rested on them, above, and all their posteriors were facing inwards. | || 2 Chr 4:4. |
| 1 Ki 7:26 | וְעָבְי֣וֹ טֶ֔פַח וּשְׂפָת֛וֹ כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה שְׂפַת־כּ֖וֹס פֶּ֣רַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן אַלְפַּ֥יִם בַּ֖ת יָכִֽיל׃ פ | And its thickness was a handbreadth, and its rim was in the style of the rim of the bud of a lily flower. It held two thousand baths in volume. |
|| 2 Chr 4:5.
in the style ← like the work. bath: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| 1 Ki 7:27 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֛וֹת עֶ֖שֶׂר נְחֹ֑שֶׁת אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּאַמָּ֗ה אֹ֚רֶךְ הַמְּכוֹנָ֣ה הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וְאַרְבַּ֤ע בָּֽאַמָּה֙ רָחְבָּ֔הּ וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ בָּאַמָּ֖ה קוֹמָתָֽהּ׃ | And he made ten copper stands. Each stand was four cubits in length and four cubits in width, and three cubits in height. |
stands: AV differs (bases), throughout this section.
each ← the one. in width ... in height ← its width ... its height. |
| 1 Ki 7:28 | וְזֶ֛ה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַמְּכוֹנָ֖ה מִסְגְּרֹ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וּמִסְגְּרֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין הַשְׁלַבִּֽים׃ | And this was the style of the stand. They had borders, and borders between sections. |
the style ← the work.
sections: or joints. |
| 1 Ki 7:29 | וְעַֽל־הַמִּסְגְּר֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בֵּ֣ין הַשְׁלַבִּ֗ים אֲרָי֤וֹת ׀ בָּקָר֙ וּכְרוּבִ֔ים וְעַל־הַשְׁלַבִּ֖ים כֵּ֣ן מִמָּ֑עַל וּמִתַּ֙חַת֙ לַאֲרָי֣וֹת וְלַבָּקָ֔ר לֹי֖וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה מוֹרָֽד׃ | And on the borders which were between the sections were lions and oxen and cherubim, and on the sections was an upward facing support. And the space under it was for lions and oxen, with wreaths, work facing down. |
sections (2x): see 1 Ki 7:28.
support ← base. the space under it was for lions and oxen: AV differs (beneath the lions and oxen were), also possible. facing down: AV differs (thin work). |
| 1 Ki 7:30 | וְאַרְבָּעָה֩ אוֹפַנֵּ֨י נְחֹ֜שֶׁת לַמְּכוֹנָ֤ה הָֽאַחַת֙ וְסַרְנֵ֣י נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פַעֲמֹתָ֖יו כְּתֵפֹ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם מִתַּ֤חַת לַכִּיֹּר֙ הַכְּתֵפֹ֣ת יְצֻק֔וֹת מֵעֵ֥בֶר אִ֖ישׁ לֹיֽוֹת׃ | And each stand had four copper wheels, and copper axles, and its four units of axle bearing surfaces for them, below the laver. The bearing surfaces were cast and were opposite each wreath. |
each ← one.
its ← their. axle bearing surfaces ← shoulders, where the bodywork rests on the axle. If the wheels had no bearings, then the axles would turn, and there would be frictional points at which the axle would bear the weight of the bodywork. |
| 1 Ki 7:31 | וּ֠פִיהוּ מִבֵּ֨ית לַכֹּתֶ֤רֶת וָמַ֙עְלָה֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וּפִ֙יהָ֙ עָגֹ֣ל מַעֲשֵׂה־כֵ֔ן אַמָּ֖ה וַחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֑ה וְגַם־עַל־פִּ֙יהָ֙ מִקְלָע֔וֹת וּמִסְגְּרֹתֵיהֶ֥ם מְרֻבָּע֖וֹת לֹ֥א עֲגֻלּֽוֹת׃ | And its aperture on the inside of the capital and what was above it was one cubit, and the aperture was round, like the base work, a cubit and a half, and also at its aperture were carvings and unrounded square borders. |
capital: this word does not fit the context of mobile stands with lavers, but we have translated it unmodified. Perhaps it is some kind of lid.
aperture (2x) ← mouth. a half ← a half cubit. |
| 1 Ki 7:32 | וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת הָאֽוֹפַנִּ֗ים לְמִתַּ֙חַת֙ לַֽמִּסְגְּר֔וֹת וִיד֥וֹת הָאֽוֹפַנִּ֖ים בַּמְּכוֹנָ֑ה וְקוֹמַת֙ הָאוֹפַ֣ן הָאֶחָ֔ד אַמָּ֖ה וַחֲצִ֥י הָאַמָּֽה׃ | And the four wheels below the borders, and the axles of the wheels, supported the stand, and the height of each wheel was one and a half cubits. |
supported the stand ← (were) at the stand.
each ← one. |
| 1 Ki 7:33 | וּמַֽעֲשֵׂה֙ הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה אוֹפַ֣ן הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֑ה יְדוֹתָ֣ם וְגַבֵּיהֶ֗ם וְחִשֻּׁקֵיהֶ֛ם וְחִשֻּׁרֵיהֶ֖ם הַכֹּ֥ל מוּצָֽק׃ | And the construction of the wheels was like the construction of a wagon wheel: their axles and their rims and their spokes and their hubs were all cast. | construction (2x) ← work. |
| 1 Ki 7:34 | וְאַרְבַּ֣ע כְּתֵפ֔וֹת אֶ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנּ֔וֹת הַמְּכֹנָ֖ה הָֽאֶחָ֑ת מִן־הַמְּכֹנָ֖ה כְּתֵפֶֽיהָ׃ | And the four axle bearing surfaces were at the four corners of each stand. Its bearing surfaces were integral to the stand itself. |
axle bearing surfaces: see 1 Ki 7:30.
each ← one. integral to ← from. |
| 1 Ki 7:35 | וּבְרֹ֣אשׁ הַמְּכוֹנָ֗ה חֲצִ֧י הָאַמָּ֛ה קוֹמָ֖ה עָגֹ֣ל ׀ סָבִ֑יב וְעַ֨ל רֹ֤אשׁ הַמְּכֹנָה֙ יְדֹתֶ֔יהָ וּמִסְגְּרֹתֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | And at the top of the stand was a cylinder half a cubit high, all the way around, and on top of the stand were its handles and its borders which were integral to it. |
cylinder ← round. The cylinder supports the hemispherical laver.
handles ← hands. integral to ← from. |
| 1 Ki 7:36 | וַיְפַתַּ֤ח עַל־הַלֻּחֹת֙ יְדֹתֶ֔יהָ וְעַל֙ *ומסגרתיה **מִסְגְּרֹתֶ֔יהָ כְּרוּבִ֖ים אֲרָי֣וֹת וְתִמֹרֹ֑ת כְּמַֽעַר־אִ֥ישׁ וְלֹי֖וֹת סָבִֽיב׃ | And he engraved cherubim, lions and palm trees on the tablets, on its handles and {Q: on} [K: on also] its borders, according to the space on each, and wreaths around it. | |
| 1 Ki 7:37 | כָּזֹ֣את עָשָׂ֔ה אֵ֖ת עֶ֣שֶׂר הַמְּכֹנ֑וֹת מוּצָ֨ק אֶחָ֜ד מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֛ת קֶ֥צֶב אֶחָ֖ד לְכֻלָּֽהְנָה׃ ס | In this way he made ten stands, all of them being identical in casting and size and form. | identical ← one ... one ... one. |
| 1 Ki 7:38 | וַיַּ֛עַשׂ עֲשָׂרָ֥ה כִיֹּר֖וֹת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת אַרְבָּעִ֨ים בַּ֜ת יָכִ֣יל ׀ הַכִּיּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֗ד אַרְבַּ֤ע בָּֽאַמָּה֙ הַכִּיּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֔ד כִּיּ֤וֹר אֶחָד֙ עַל־הַמְּכוֹנָ֣ה הָאַחַ֔ת לְעֶ֖שֶׂר הַמְּכֹנֽוֹת׃ | And he made ten copper lavers. Each laver held forty baths. Each laver was four cubits long. There was one laver on each of the ten stands. |
|| 2 Chr 4:6.
each (3x) ← one. bath: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| 1 Ki 7:39 | וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֔וֹת חָמֵ֞שׁ עַל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַבַּ֙יִת֙ מִיָּמִ֔ין וְחָמֵ֛שׁ עַל־כֶּ֥תֶף הַבַּ֖יִת מִשְּׂמֹאל֑וֹ וְאֶת־הַיָּ֗ם נָתַ֞ן מִכֶּ֨תֶף הַבַּ֧יִת הַיְמָנִ֛ית קֵ֖דְמָה מִמּ֥וּל נֶֽגֶב׃ ס | And he put five of the stands on the right hand side of the house and five on the left hand side of the house, and he put the artificial sea on the right hand side of the house in the southern part of the eastern side. |
|| 2 Chr 4:6, 2 Chr 4:10.
side (3x) ← shoulder. in the southern part of the eastern side ← eastwards opposite south. |
| 1 Ki 7:40 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ חִיר֔וֹם אֶת־הַ֨כִּיֹּר֔וֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֑וֹת וַיְכַ֣ל חִירָ֗ם לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And Hiram made the lavers and the shovels and the sprinkling basins. And Hiram finished making all the artisanry which he made for King Solomon for the house of the Lord: |
|| 2 Chr 4:11.
Hiram (first occurrence in verse) ← Hirom here, but elsewhere mostly Hiram. |
| 1 Ki 7:41 | עַמֻּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם וְגֻלֹּ֧ת הַכֹּתָרֹ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָֽעַמֻּדִ֖ים שְׁתָּ֑יִם וְהַשְּׂבָכ֣וֹת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לְכַסּ֗וֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ גֻּלֹּ֣ת הַכֹּֽתָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | the two columns and the bowls at their capitals, which are at the top of the two columns, and the two trellises to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on top of the columns, | || 2 Chr 4:12. |
| 1 Ki 7:42 | וְאֶת־הָרִמֹּנִ֛ים אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת לִשְׁתֵּ֣י הַשְּׂבָכ֑וֹת שְׁנֵֽי־טוּרִ֤ים רִמֹּנִים֙ לַשְּׂבָכָ֣ה הָֽאֶחָ֔ת לְכַסּ֗וֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ גֻּלֹּ֣ת הַכֹּֽתָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | and the four hundred pomegranates for the two trellises – two rows of pomegranates to each trellis, to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on top of the columns, |
|| 2 Chr 4:13.
each ← one. on top of ← upon the face of. |
| 1 Ki 7:43 | וְאֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֖וֹת עָ֑שֶׂר וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּרֹ֥ת עֲשָׂרָ֖ה עַל־הַמְּכֹנֽוֹת׃ | and the ten stands and the ten lavers on the stands, | || 2 Chr 4:14. |
| 1 Ki 7:44 | וְאֶת־הַיָּ֖ם הָאֶחָ֑ד וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֥ר שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר תַּ֥חַת הַיָּֽם׃ | and the single artificial sea and the twelve oxen under the artificial sea, |
|| 2 Chr 4:15.
single ← one. |
| 1 Ki 7:45 | וְאֶת־הַסִּיר֨וֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֜ים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֣ים *האהל **הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֥ה חִירָ֛ם לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה נְחֹ֖שֶׁת מְמֹרָֽט׃ | and the pans and the shovels and the sprinkling basins, and all {Q: this equipment} [K: the equipment for the tent] which Hiram made for King Solomon for the house of the Lord in polished copper. | || 2 Chr 4:16. |
| 1 Ki 7:46 | בְּכִכַּ֤ר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יְצָקָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּמַעֲבֵ֖ה הָאֲדָמָ֑ה בֵּ֥ין סֻכּ֖וֹת וּבֵ֥ין צָרְתָֽן׃ | The king cast them in the tract of the Jordan, in the thickly overgrown land between Succoth and Zarethan. |
|| 2 Chr 4:17.
Zarethan: AV= Zarthan here, but see Josh 3:16. Here a metheg on the ultimate requires Zorthan, but we align it with Josh 3:16 and 1 Ki 4:12. |
| 1 Ki 7:47 | וַיַּנַּ֤ח שְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים מֵרֹ֖ב מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד לֹ֥א נֶחְקַ֖ר מִשְׁקַ֥ל הַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And Solomon stowed all the equipment away, because of its very great abundance, and the weight of the copper was not investigated. | || 2 Chr 4:18. |
| 1 Ki 7:48 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֚ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלָ֛יו לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִ֖ים זָהָֽב׃ | And Solomon made all the equipment which was for the house of the Lord: the golden altar and the golden table on which the showbread is put, | || 2 Chr 4:19. |
| 1 Ki 7:49 | וְאֶת־הַ֠מְּנֹרוֹת חָמֵ֨שׁ מִיָּמִ֜ין וְחָמֵ֧שׁ מִשְּׂמֹ֛אול לִפְנֵ֥י הַדְּבִ֖יר זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וְהַפֶּ֧רַח וְהַנֵּרֹ֛ת וְהַמֶּלְקַחַ֖יִם זָהָֽב׃ | and the five lampstands on the right, and the five on the left, in front of the place of address – they were of seamless gold – and the flowers and the lamps and the golden snuffing-tongs, |
|| 2 Chr 4:20, 2 Chr 4:21.
flowers ← flower. One per lampstand. Compare Num 8:4, where the lampstand has one flower. |
| 1 Ki 7:50 | וְ֠הַסִּפּוֹת וְהַֽמְזַמְּר֧וֹת וְהַמִּזְרָק֛וֹת וְהַכַּפּ֥וֹת וְהַמַּחְתּ֖וֹת זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וְהַפֹּת֡וֹת לְדַלְתוֹת֩ הַבַּ֨יִת הַפְּנִימִ֜י לְקֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֗ים לְדַלְתֵ֥י הַבַּ֛יִת לַהֵיכָ֖ל זָהָֽב׃ פ | and the drain pans and the snuffers, and the sprinkling basins and the ladles and the firepans – of seamless gold – and the hinges for the doors of the inner house, to the holy of holies, and for the doors of the temple building – again of gold. |
|| 2 Chr 4:22.
building ← house. |
| 1 Ki 7:51 | וַתִּשְׁלַם֙ כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּבֵ֨א שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֣י ׀ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֗יו אֶת־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב֙ וְאֶת־הַכֵּלִ֔ים נָתַ֕ן בְּאֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ פ | All the artisanry which King Solomon made for the house of the Lord was completed, and Solomon brought in the holy articles of David his father, and he put the silver and the gold and the equipment in the treasuries of the house of the Lord. | || 2 Chr 5:1. |
| 1 Ki 8:1 | אָ֣ז יַקְהֵ֣ל שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל אֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הַמַּטּוֹת֩ נְשִׂיאֵ֨י הָאָב֜וֹת לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְֽהַעֲל֞וֹת אֶת־אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה מֵעִ֥יר דָּוִ֖ד הִ֥יא צִיּֽוֹן׃ | Then Solomon convened the elders of Israel – all the heads of the tribes, the leaders of the paternal families of the sons of Israel – to King Solomon in Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord from the City of David, which is Zion. |
|| 2 Chr 5:2.
paternal families ← fathers. |
| 1 Ki 8:2 | וַיִּקָּ֨הֲל֜וּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּיֶ֥רַח הָאֵֽתָנִ֖ים בֶּחָ֑ג ה֖וּא הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | So every head man of Israel was convened to King Solomon in the month of Ethanim at the festival time – that is in the seventh month. |
|| 2 Chr 5:3.
Ethanim: the modern Tishri / Tishrei, the first month of the modern Jewish year (September-October). The festival is Tabernacles. |
| 1 Ki 8:3 | וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כֹּ֖ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָרֽוֹן׃ | So all the elders of Israel came, and the priests carried the ark. | || 2 Chr 5:4. |
| 1 Ki 8:4 | וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ אֶת־אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ וְאֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּאֹ֑הֶל וַיַּעֲל֣וּ אֹתָ֔ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And they brought the ark of the Lord up, and the tent of contact, and all the holy equipment which was in the tent. And it was the priests and Levites who brought it up. |
|| 2 Chr 5:5.
the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. brought it up: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| 1 Ki 8:5 | וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וְכָל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַנּוֹעָדִ֣ים עָלָ֔יו אִתּ֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽאָר֑וֹן מְזַבְּחִים֙ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִסָּפְר֛וּ וְלֹ֥א יִמָּנ֖וּ מֵרֹֽב׃ | Then King Solomon, and the whole congregation of Israel which was assembled with him, sacrificed with him before the ark sheep and oxen which could not be numbered and could not be counted for abundance. |
|| 2 Chr 5:6.
with him (first occurrence in verse) ← to him. sacrificed: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 1 Ki 8:6 | וַיָּבִ֣אוּ הַ֠כֹּהֲנִים אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֧ה אֶל־מְקוֹמ֛וֹ אֶל־דְּבִ֥יר הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים אֶל־תַּ֖חַת כַּנְפֵ֥י הַכְּרוּבִֽים׃ | And the priests brought the ark of the covenant of the Lord to its place – to the place of address of the house, to the holy of holies – under the wings of the cherubim, |
|| 2 Chr 5:7.
under ← to under. |
| 1 Ki 8:7 | כִּ֤י הַכְּרוּבִים֙ פֹּרְשִׂ֣ים כְּנָפַ֔יִם אֶל־מְק֖וֹם הָֽאָר֑וֹן וַיָּסֹ֧כּוּ הַכְּרֻבִ֛ים עַל־הָאָר֥וֹן וְעַל־בַּדָּ֖יו מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | for the cherubim stretch out their wings towards the place of the ark, and the cherubim cover the ark and its staves from above. | || 2 Chr 5:8. |
| 1 Ki 8:8 | וַֽיַּאֲרִכוּ֮ הַבַּדִּים֒ וַיֵּרָאוּ֩ רָאשֵׁ֨י הַבַּדִּ֤ים מִן־הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֔יר וְלֹ֥א יֵרָא֖וּ הַח֑וּצָה וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they extended the staves such that the ends of the staves were visible from the sanctuary in front of the place of address, but they were not visible outside. And they have been there up to this day. |
|| 2 Chr 5:9.
such that: purposive use of the vav. ends ← heads. |
| 1 Ki 8:9 | אֵ֚ין בָּֽאָר֔וֹן רַ֗ק שְׁנֵי֙ לֻח֣וֹת הָאֲבָנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִנִּ֥חַ שָׁ֛ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּחֹרֵ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר כָּרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ עִם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets which Moses deposited there at Horeb, when the Lord made a covenant with the sons of Israel when they came out of the land of Egypt. |
|| 2 Chr 5:10.
Horeb: also known as Sinai. |
| 1 Ki 8:10 | וַיְהִ֕י בְּצֵ֥את הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים מִן־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְהֶעָנָ֥ן מָלֵ֖א אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then it came to pass when the priests came out of the sanctuary that a cloud filled the house of the Lord. |
Rev 15:8.
|| 2 Chr 5:11, 2 Chr 5:13. a cloud ← the cloud, i.e. the cloud which the Lord uses. |
| 1 Ki 8:11 | וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֧וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים לַעֲמֹ֥ד לְשָׁרֵ֖ת מִפְּנֵ֥י הֶֽעָנָ֑ן כִּי־מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And the priests could not stand to serve because of the cloud, because the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord. | || 2 Chr 5:14. |
| 1 Ki 8:12 | אָ֖ז אָמַ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה יְהוָ֣ה אָמַ֔ר לִשְׁכֹּ֖ן בָּעֲרָפֶֽל׃ |
Then Solomon said,
“The Lord said that he would dwell In thick clouds. |
|| 2 Chr 6:1. |
| 1 Ki 8:13 | בָּנֹ֥ה בָנִ֛יתִי בֵּ֥ית זְבֻ֖ל לָ֑ךְ מָכ֥וֹן לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֖ עוֹלָמִֽים׃ |
I have conscientiously built A dwelling place for you – An age-abiding abode For you to reside in.” |
|| 2 Chr 6:2.
I have conscientiously built: infinitive absolute. place ← house. The change of grammatical person (he ... you) is not unusual (compare Ps 91). |
| 1 Ki 8:14 | וַיַּסֵּ֤ב הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־פָּנָ֔יו וַיְבָ֕רֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכָל־קְהַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹמֵֽד׃ | Then the king turned round and blessed the whole convocation of Israel, and the whole convocation of Israel was standing |
|| 2 Chr 6:3.
turned round ← turned his face. |
| 1 Ki 8:15 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר בְּפִ֔יו אֵ֖ת דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וּבְיָד֥וֹ מִלֵּ֖א לֵאמֹֽר׃ | as he said, “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel who spoke by his own mouth with David my father, and who accomplished it, when he said, |
|| 2 Chr 6:4.
accomplished it ← fulfilled (it) by his hand. Compare 1 Ki 8:24. |
| 1 Ki 8:16 | מִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֜אתִי אֶת־עַמִּ֣י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ מִמִּצְרַיִם֒ לֹֽא־בָחַ֣רְתִּי בְעִ֗יר מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לִהְי֥וֹת שְׁמִ֖י שָׁ֑ם וָאֶבְחַ֣ר בְּדָוִ֔ד לִֽהְי֖וֹת עַל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | ‘From the day when I brought my people Israel out of Egypt, I did not select a city from any of the tribes of Israel to build a house for my name to be there, but I chose David to be over my people Israel.’ |
|| 2 Chr 6:5, 2 Chr 6:6.
any ← all. |
| 1 Ki 8:17 | וַיְהִ֕י עִם־לְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it was in the heart of David my father to build a house for the name of the Lord God of Israel. |
|| 2 Chr 6:7.
in the heart ← with the heart. |
| 1 Ki 8:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔י יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיָה֙ עִם־לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ לִבְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִ֑י הֱטִיבֹ֔תָ כִּ֥י הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבֶֽךָ׃ | But the Lord said to David my father, ‘Inasmuch as it was in your heart to build a house for my name, you did well, for it was in your heart. |
|| 2 Chr 6:8.
but: adversative use of the vav. in your heart (2x) ← with your heart. |
| 1 Ki 8:19 | רַ֣ק אַתָּ֔ה לֹ֥א תִבְנֶ֖ה הַבָּ֑יִת כִּ֤י אִם־בִּנְךָ֙ הַיֹּצֵ֣א מֵחֲלָצֶ֔יךָ הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה הַבַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִֽי׃ | However, it is not you who will build the house, but rather your son who will come from your loins who will build the house for my name.’ |
|| 2 Chr 6:9.
however ← only. |
| 1 Ki 8:20 | וַיָּ֣קֶם יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־דְּבָר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר וָאָקֻ֡ם תַּחַת֩ דָּוִ֨ד אָבִ֜י וָאֵשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וָאֶבְנֶ֣ה הַבַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord fulfilled his word which he had spoken, and I arose in the place of David my father, and I sat on the throne of Israel, as the Lord had said, and I built the house for the name of the Lord God of Israel. |
|| 2 Chr 6:10.
fulfilled ← set up. |
| 1 Ki 8:21 | וָאָשִׂ֨ם שָׁ֤ם מָקוֹם֙ לָֽאָר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּרַת֙ עִם־אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ בְּהוֹצִיא֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ ס | And I laid out a place for the ark there, where the covenant of the Lord is, which he made with our fathers when he brought them out of the land of Egypt.” |
|| 2 Chr 6:11.
laid out ← set. |
| 1 Ki 8:22 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לִפְנֵי֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And Solomon stood before the Lord's altar opposite the whole convocation of Israel, and he stretched out his hands towards heaven, | || 2 Chr 6:12, 2 Chr 6:13. |
| 1 Ki 8:23 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵין־כָּמ֣וֹךָ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לַעֲבָדֶ֕יךָ הַהֹלְכִ֥ים לְפָנֶ֖יךָ בְּכָל־לִבָּֽם׃ | and he said, “O Lord God of Israel, there is no God like you, in heaven above or on the earth below – you who keep the covenant and kindness with your servants who walk before you with all their heart – | || 2 Chr 6:14. |
| 1 Ki 8:24 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ ל֑וֹ וַתְּדַבֵּ֥ר בְּפִ֛יךָ וּבְיָדְךָ֥ מִלֵּ֖אתָ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | in that what you said to your servant – David my father – you kept for him, for you spoke with your mouth, and you have accomplished it, as it is today. |
|| 2 Chr 6:15.
said to your servant ... kept for him ← kept for your servant ... said to him. accomplished it ← fulfilled (it) by your hand. Compare 1 Ki 8:15. |
| 1 Ki 8:25 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁ֠מֹר לְעַבְדְּךָ֨ דָוִ֤ד אָבִי֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֤רְתָּ לּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת לְךָ֥ אִישׁ֙ מִלְּפָנַ֔י יֹשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֠ק אִם־יִשְׁמְר֨וּ בָנֶ֤יךָ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת לְפָנַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְפָנָֽי׃ | So now, O Lord God of Israel, keep for your servant David my father what you said to him when you said, ‘No-one of your line sitting on the throne of Israel will be cut off before me, provided your sons keep their way by walking before me, as you have walked before me.’ |
|| 2 Chr 6:16.
by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 8:26 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יֵאָ֤מֶן נָא֙ *דבריך **דְּבָ֣רְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֖ דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽי׃ | And now, O God of Israel, please may your {K: words} [Q: word] which you spoke to your servant David my father be upheld. |
The ketiv has a discordant verb, be upheld, explaining the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 6:17. |
| 1 Ki 8:27 | כִּ֚י הַֽאֻמְנָ֔ם יֵשֵׁ֥ב אֱלֹהִ֖ים עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הִ֠נֵּה הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וּשְׁמֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א יְכַלְכְּל֔וּךָ אַ֕ף כִּֽי־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנִֽיתִי׃ | For will God truly dwell on earth? Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain you, so how much less this house which I have built? | || 2 Chr 6:18. |
| 1 Ki 8:28 | וּפָנִ֜יתָ אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֧ת עַבְדְּךָ֛ וְאֶל־תְּחִנָּת֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י לִשְׁמֹ֤עַ אֶל־הָֽרִנָּה֙ וְאֶל־הַתְּפִלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר עַבְדְּךָ֛ מִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל לְפָנֶ֖יךָ הַיּֽוֹם׃ | But you have considered the prayer of your servant and his supplication, O Lord my God, in hearing the shout and the prayer which your servant is praying before you today, |
|| 2 Chr 6:19.
considered ← turned to. in hearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 8:29 | לִהְיוֹת֩ עֵינֶ֨ךָ פְתֻח֜וֹת אֶל־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ לַ֣יְלָה וָי֔וֹם אֶל־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתָּ יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י שָׁ֑ם לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶל־הַתְּפִלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | that your eyes may be open night and day to this house – to this place of which you said, ‘My name will be there’ – so as to hear the prayer which your servant will pray facing this place. |
|| 2 Chr 6:20.
facing this place ← to, towards this place. Compare Dan 6:11 (Dan 6:10AV). |
| 1 Ki 8:30 | וְשָׁ֨מַעְתָּ֜ אֶל־תְּחִנַּ֤ת עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽתְפַּֽלְל֖וּ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְ֠אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַ֞ע אֶל־מְק֤וֹם שִׁבְתְּךָ֙ אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ וְסָלָֽחְתָּ׃ | And do hear the supplication of your servant and your people Israel, who will pray facing this place, and do hear in the place where you are seated, in the heavens, so do hear and forgive. |
|| 2 Chr 6:21.
facing this place: see 1 Ki 8:29. |
| 1 Ki 8:31 | אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֶחֱטָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְנָֽשָׁא־ב֥וֹ אָלָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ וּבָ֗א אָלָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | Whenever a man sins against his neighbour, and an oath is imposed on him, so as to adjure him, and the oath comes before your altar in this house, |
is imposed ← he bears. Here with a shin dot (שׁ), but we read it re-pointed as in 2 Chr 6:22 with a sin (שׂ) dot.
|| 2 Chr 6:22. |
| 1 Ki 8:32 | וְאַתָּ֣ה ׀ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ וְשָׁפַטְתָּ֣ אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ רָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכּ֖וֹ בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ כְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ ס | then hear in heaven and take action, and judge your servants, in condemning the wicked, in bringing his way back on his head, and in justifying the righteous, in rewarding him according to his righteousness. |
|| 2 Chr 6:23.
in condemning ... in bringing ... in justifying ... in rewarding: gerundial use of the infinitive. in rewarding ← in giving. |
| 1 Ki 8:33 | בְּֽהִנָּגֵ֞ף עַמְּךָ֧ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיֵ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶחֶטְאוּ־לָ֑ךְ וְשָׁ֤בוּ אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ וְהוֹד֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וְהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֧וּ וְהִֽתְחַנְּנ֛וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | When your people Israel are struck down in confrontation with an enemy because they have sinned against you, and they return to you and confess your name, and they pray and make supplications to you in this house, |
|| 2 Chr 6:24.
in confrontation with ← before. make supplications: or plead for grace. |
| 1 Ki 8:34 | וְאַתָּה֙ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְסָ֣לַחְתָּ֔ לְחַטַּ֖את עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַהֲשֵֽׁבֹתָם֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּ לַאֲבוֹתָֽם׃ ס | then do hear in heaven and forgive the sin of your people Israel, and bring them back into the land which you gave to their fathers. |
|| 2 Chr 6:25.
land ← ground. |
| 1 Ki 8:35 | בְּהֵעָצֵ֥ר שָׁמַ֛יִם וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מָטָ֖ר כִּ֣י יֶחֶטְאוּ־לָ֑ךְ וְהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֞וּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וְהוֹד֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וּמֵחַטָּאתָ֥ם יְשׁוּב֖וּן כִּ֥י תַעֲנֵֽם׃ | When the heavens are shut, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against you, then they will pray facing this place, and they will confess your name, and they will turn back from their sin when you oppress them. |
|| 2 Chr 6:26.
heavens: or sky. facing this place: see 1 Ki 8:29. |
| 1 Ki 8:36 | וְאַתָּ֣ה ׀ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְסָ֨לַחְתָּ֜ לְחַטַּ֤את עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י תוֹרֵ֛ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֥רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה מָטָר֙ עַל־אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה לְעַמְּךָ֖ לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | And do hear in heaven, and do forgive the sin of your servants and your people Israel, then do teach them the right way in which they should walk, and do give rain on your land which you have given to your people as an inheritance. |
|| 2 Chr 6:27.
right ← good. |
| 1 Ki 8:37 | רָעָ֞ב כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֗רֶץ דֶּ֣בֶר כִּֽי־יִ֠הְיֶה שִׁדָּפ֨וֹן יֵרָק֜וֹן אַרְבֶּ֤ה חָסִיל֙ כִּ֣י יִהְיֶ֔ה כִּ֧י יָֽצַר־ל֛וֹ אֹיְב֖וֹ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שְׁעָרָ֑יו כָּל־נֶ֖גַע כָּֽל־מַחֲלָֽה׃ | If there is a famine in the land, if there is a pestilence, if there is a blight or mildew, swarming locusts or consuming locusts, if their enemy besieges them in the land at their gates, if there is any affliction or any sickness, |
|| 2 Chr 6:28.
besieges: or distresses, from roots צור and צרר respectively. their ... them ... their ← it... it ... its. Collective use of the people. any (2x) ← every. |
| 1 Ki 8:38 | כָּל־תְּפִלָּ֣ה כָל־תְּחִנָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִֽהְיֶה֙ לְכָל־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם לְכֹ֖ל עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵדְע֗וּן אִ֚ישׁ נֶ֣גַע לְבָב֔וֹ וּפָרַ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו אֶל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | then for every prayer and every supplication which any man, or the whole of your people Israel may have – because each man will know the reason for the affliction of his heart – he will stretch his hands towards this house. |
|| 2 Chr 6:29.
any ← every. |
| 1 Ki 8:39 | וְ֠אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַ֨ע הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם מְכ֤וֹן שִׁבְתֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְסָלַחְתָּ֣ וְעָשִׂ֔יתָ וְנָתַתָּ֤ לָאִישׁ֙ כְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּדַ֖ע אֶת־לְבָב֑וֹ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ אֶת־לְבַ֖ב כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ | Then do hear in heaven, the abode where you reside, and do forgive and take action and repay each man according to all his ways, whose heart you know, for you alone know the heart of all the sons of Adam, |
|| 2 Chr 6:30.
repay ← give. you ... know: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 1 Ki 8:40 | לְמַ֙עַן֙ יִֽרָא֔וּךָ כָּל־הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥ם חַיִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּה לַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | so that they may fear you for all the days that they live on the surface of the land which you have given to our fathers. |
|| 2 Chr 6:31.
land ← ground. |
| 1 Ki 8:41 | וְגַם֙ אֶל־הַנָּכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־מֵעַמְּךָ֥ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ה֑וּא וּבָ֛א מֵאֶ֥רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֖ה לְמַ֥עַן שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | And also concerning the foreigner who is not of your people Israel, but who has come from a distant land for the sake of your name | || 2 Chr 6:32. |
| 1 Ki 8:42 | כִּ֤י יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ אֶת־שִׁמְךָ֣ הַגָּד֔וֹל וְאֶת־יָֽדְךָ֙ הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וּֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָ֑ה וּבָ֥א וְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | (for they will hear of your great name and your strong hand, and your outstretched arm): he will come and pray facing this house. |
|| 2 Chr 6:32, 2 Chr 6:33.
facing this house: see 1 Ki 8:29. |
| 1 Ki 8:43 | אַתָּ֞ה תִּשְׁמַ֤ע הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מְכ֣וֹן שִׁבְתֶּ֔ךָ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥א אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַנָּכְרִ֑י לְמַ֣עַן יֵדְעוּן֩ כָּל־עַמֵּ֨י הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֗ךָ לְיִרְאָ֤ה אֹֽתְךָ֙ כְּעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָדַ֕עַת כִּי־שִׁמְךָ֣ נִקְרָ֔א עַל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנִֽיתִי׃ | Do hear in heaven, the abode where you reside, and act according to everything that the foreigner calls on you about, so that all the various peoples of the earth may know your name – to fear you – as your people Israel does, and to know that your name is called on at this house which I have built. |
|| 2 Chr 6:33.
at this house: or on / over this house. |
| 1 Ki 8:44 | כִּי־יֵצֵ֨א עַמְּךָ֤ לַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עַל־אֹ֣יְב֔וֹ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֑ם וְהִתְפַּֽלְל֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה דֶּ֤רֶךְ הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֣רְתָּ בָּ֔הּ וְהַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִ֥תִי לִשְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | When your people go out to war against their enemy by the way which you send them, they will pray to the Lord in the direction of the city which you have chosen, and of the house which I have built for your name. |
|| 2 Chr 6:34.
in the direction ← in the way. Compare Deut 28:7 and see 1 Ki 8:29. |
| 1 Ki 8:45 | וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָ֖ם וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּתָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ מִשְׁפָּטָֽם׃ | And do hear in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and do execute judgment for them. |
|| 2 Chr 6:35.
for them ← of them. |
| 1 Ki 8:46 | כִּ֣י יֶֽחֶטְאוּ־לָ֗ךְ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֶחֱטָ֔א וְאָנַפְתָּ֣ בָ֔ם וּנְתַתָּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וְשָׁב֤וּם שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הָאוֹיֵ֔ב רְחוֹקָ֖ה א֥וֹ קְרוֹבָֽה׃ | When they sin against you – for there is no man who does not sin – and you are angry with them, and you deliver them to the enemy, and their captors take them captive to the land of the enemy, be it far or near, |
|| 2 Chr 6:36.
when: the balancing clause is in verse 49. deliver them to ← give them before. |
| 1 Ki 8:47 | וְהֵשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶל־לִבָּ֔ם בָּאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבּוּ־שָׁ֑ם וְשָׁ֣בוּ ׀ וְהִֽתְחַנְּנ֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חָטָ֥אנוּ וְהֶעֱוִ֖ינוּ רָשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ | then when they have a change of heart in the land in which they have been taken captive, and they repent, and they make supplications to you in the land of their captors and say, ‘We have sinned and committed iniquity and behaved wickedly’, |
|| 2 Chr 6:37.
have a change of heart ← turn in their heart back. repent ← return. |
| 1 Ki 8:48 | וְשָׁ֣בוּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבָם֙ וּבְכָל־נַפְשָׁ֔ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁב֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם וְהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ דֶּ֤רֶךְ אַרְצָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תָּה לַאֲבוֹתָ֔ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֔רְתָּ וְהַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־*בנית **בָּנִ֥יתִי לִשְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | and they return to you with all their heart and with all their soul, in the land of their enemies who took them captive, and they pray to you in the direction of their land which you gave their fathers – the city which you have chosen, and of the house which {Q: I} [K: you] have built for your name, |
The ketiv could be taken as an Aramaic form of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 6:38. in the direction ← in the way. See 1 Ki 8:29. |
| 1 Ki 8:49 | וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֤ הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מְכ֣וֹן שִׁבְתְּךָ֔ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָ֖ם וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּתָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ מִשְׁפָּטָֽם׃ | then do hear in heaven – the abode where you reside – their prayer and their supplication, and do execute judgment for them. |
|| 2 Chr 6:39.
judgment for them ← their judgment. |
| 1 Ki 8:50 | וְסָלַחְתָּ֤ לְעַמְּךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ וּלְכָל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּשְׁעוּ־בָ֑ךְ וּנְתַתָּ֧ם לְרַחֲמִ֛ים לִפְנֵ֥י שֹׁבֵיהֶ֖ם וְרִֽחֲמֽוּם׃ | And do forgive your people who have sinned against you, and all their transgressions with which they have transgressed against you, and do grant them compassion in the presence of their captors, so that they have compassion on them. |
|| 2 Chr 6:39.
grant them compassion ← give them to compassion. |
| 1 Ki 8:51 | כִּֽי־עַמְּךָ֥ וְנַחֲלָתְךָ֖ הֵ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֙אתָ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מִתּ֖וֹךְ כּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶֽל׃ | For they are your people and your inheritance whom you brought out of Egypt, out of the middle of an iron furnace, | |
| 1 Ki 8:52 | לִהְי֨וֹת עֵינֶ֤יךָ פְתֻחוֹת֙ אֶל־תְּחִנַּ֣ת עַבְדְּךָ֔ וְאֶל־תְּחִנַּ֖ת עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל קָרְאָ֥ם אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | so that your eyes should be open to the supplication of your servant and to the supplication of your people Israel in hearing them whenever they call out to you. |
|| 2 Chr 6:40.
in hearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 8:53 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הִבְדַּלְתָּ֤ם לְךָ֙ לְֽנַחֲלָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל עַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֜רְתָּ בְּיַ֣ד ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֗ךָ בְּהוֹצִיאֲךָ֧ אֶת־אֲבֹתֵ֛ינוּ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | For you have separated them to yourself as an inheritance from all the various peoples of the earth, as you said through the intermediacy of Moses your servant, when you brought our fathers out of Egypt, O my Lord the Lord.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 8:54 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַתְּפִלָּ֥ה וְהַתְּחִנָּ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את קָ֞ם מִלִּפְנֵ֨י מִזְבַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ מִכְּרֹ֣עַ עַל־בִּרְכָּ֔יו וְכַפָּ֖יו פְּרֻשׂ֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass, when Solomon had finished praying all this prayer and supplication to the Lord, that he arose from his position before the Lord's altar, from kneeling, and he held his hands stretched out to heaven. |
|| 2 Chr 7:1.
from kneeling ← from bowing to his knees. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 8:55 | וַֽיַּעְמֹ֕ד וַיְבָ֕רֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And he stood and blessed the whole convocation of Israel in a loud voice and said, | loud ← great. |
| 1 Ki 8:56 | בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן מְנוּחָה֙ לְעַמּ֣וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר לֹֽא־נָפַ֞ל דָּבָ֣ר אֶחָ֗ד מִכֹּל֙ דְּבָר֣וֹ הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ | “Blessed be the Lord, who has given rest to his people Israel in accordance with everything he has spoken. Not one thing has failed from all his good words which he spoke through the intermediacy of Moses his servant. |
not one thing has failed (etc.): compare Josh 21:45 and Josh 23:14.
failed ← fallen. words ← word. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 8:57 | יְהִ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ עִמָּ֔נוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ אַל־יַעַזְבֵ֖נוּ וְאַֽל־יִטְּשֵֽׁנוּ׃ | May the Lord our God be with us as he was with our fathers. May he not leave us and may he not forsake us, | |
| 1 Ki 8:58 | לְהַטּ֥וֹת לְבָבֵ֖נוּ אֵלָ֑יו לָלֶ֣כֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֗יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֤יו וְחֻקָּיו֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אֶת־אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | while we incline our heart to him, so that we walk in all his ways and keep his commandments and his statutes and his regulations which he commanded our fathers. | we incline: AV differs (that he may incline), which is also possible. |
| 1 Ki 8:59 | וְיִֽהְי֨וּ דְבָרַ֜י אֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִתְחַנַּ֙נְתִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה קְרֹבִ֛ים אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת ׀ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַבְדּ֗וֹ וּמִשְׁפַּ֛ט עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | And may these words of mine with which I have made supplications before the Lord be close to the Lord our God day and night, so that he executes the justice of his servant and the justice of his people Israel as a daily matter, | as a daily matter ← a matter of a day to its day. |
| 1 Ki 8:60 | לְמַ֗עַן דַּ֚עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֖ין עֽוֹד׃ | to the intent that all the various peoples of the earth should know that the Lord is God; there is no other. | |
| 1 Ki 8:61 | וְהָיָ֤ה לְבַבְכֶם֙ שָׁלֵ֔ם עִ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לָלֶ֧כֶת בְּחֻקָּ֛יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתָ֖יו כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And may your heart be sincere with the Lord our God in walking in his statutes and in keeping his commandments, as on this day.” |
sincere: or whole, at peace, perfect.
in walking ... in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 8:62 | וְֽהַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִמּ֑וֹ זֹבְחִ֥ים זֶ֖בַח לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the king and all of Israel with him offered a sacrifice before the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 7:4.
offered ← (were) sacrificing. In an example of a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 1 Ki 8:63 | וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אֵ֣ת זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָבַ֣ח לַיהוָה֒ בָּקָ֗ר עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְצֹ֕אן מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וַֽיַּחְנְכוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Solomon offered the peace-sacrifice, which he offered to the Lord – twenty-two thousand oxen and one hundred and twenty thousand sheep. And the king and all the sons of Israel dedicated the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 7:5.
offered (2x) ← sacrificed. dedicated: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| 1 Ki 8:64 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא קִדַּ֨שׁ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־תּ֣וֹךְ הֶחָצֵ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־עָ֣שָׂה שָׁ֗ם אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת חֶלְבֵ֣י הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים כִּֽי־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה קָטֹ֗ן מֵֽהָכִיל֙ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֣ה וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת חֶלְבֵ֥י הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ | On that day the king sanctified the inside of the court which was in front of the house of the Lord, for it is there that he made the burnt offering and the meal-offering and offered the fat of the peace-offerings, because the copper altar which was before the Lord was too small to hold the burnt offering and the meal-offering and the fat of the peace-offerings. |
|| 2 Chr 7:7.
inside: or middle. fat (2x) ← fats. |
| 1 Ki 8:65 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בָֽעֵת־הַהִ֣יא ׀ אֶת־הֶחָ֡ג וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּוֹ֩ קָהָ֨ל גָּד֜וֹל מִלְּב֥וֹא חֲמָ֣ת ׀ עַד־נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֗יִם לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר יֽוֹם׃ | And at that time Solomon and all Israel with him celebrated the festival – a large convocation, from the approach to Hamath to the Brook of Egypt – before the Lord our God, for seven days and seven days, that is, for fourteen days. |
|| 2 Chr 7:8, 2 Chr 7:9.
celebrated ← made. the approach to Hamath: or, with [LHG], Lebo-Hamath. Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5. |
| 1 Ki 8:66 | בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי֙ שִׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ לְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שְׂמֵחִים֙ וְט֣וֹבֵי לֵ֔ב עַ֣ל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֔וֹ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּֽוֹ׃ | On the eighth day he dismissed the people, and they blessed the king, and they went to their tents happy and in good spirits because of all the good which the Lord had done to David his servant and to Israel his people. |
|| 2 Chr 7:10.
in good spirits ← (in) good (things) of heart. |
| 1 Ki 9:1 | וַיְהִי֙ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לִבְנ֥וֹת אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־חֵ֣שֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָפֵ֖ץ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ פ | And it came to pass when Solomon had finished building the house of the Lord and the king's house, and all Solomon's wishes which he took delight in doing, |
|| 2 Chr 7:11.
wishes ← desire. |
| 1 Ki 9:2 | וַיֵּרָ֧א יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה שֵׁנִ֑ית כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃ | that the Lord appeared to Solomon a second time – as when he appeared to him in Gibeon. |
|| 2 Chr 7:12.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 1 Ki 9:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו שָׁ֠מַעְתִּי אֶת־תְּפִלָּתְךָ֣ וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּתְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְחַנַּ֣נְתָּה לְפָנַי֒ הִקְדַּ֗שְׁתִּי אֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנִ֔תָה לָשֽׂוּם־שְׁמִ֥י שָׁ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְהָי֨וּ עֵינַ֧י וְלִבִּ֛י שָׁ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And the Lord said to him, “I have heard your prayer and your supplication which you made before me. I have sanctified this house which you have built to establish my name there age-abidingly, and my eyes and my heart will be there continually. |
|| 2 Chr 7:12, 2 Chr 7:16.
made ← supplicated. continually ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 9:4 | וְאַתָּ֞ה אִם־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנַ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָלַ֜ךְ דָּוִ֤ד אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּתָם־לֵבָ֣ב וּבְיֹ֔שֶׁר לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑יךָ חֻקַּ֥י וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ | And as for you, if you walk before me as your father David walked, wholeheartedly and in integrity, in doing everything that I have commanded you, and if you keep my statutes and my regulations, |
|| 2 Chr 7:17.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. everything ← according to everything. |
| 1 Ki 9:5 | וַהֲקִ֨מֹתִ֜י אֶת־כִּסֵּ֧א מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעֹלָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי עַל־דָּוִ֤ד אָבִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֤ת לְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ מֵעַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | then I will establish the throne of your kingdom over Israel age-abidingly, as I expounded to your father David when I said, ‘Not a man of your line shall be cut off from the throne of Israel.’ |
|| 2 Chr 7:18.
expounded ← spoke, but widely covering words of speaking. |
| 1 Ki 9:6 | אִם־שׁ֨וֹב תְּשֻׁב֜וּן אַתֶּ֤ם וּבְנֵיכֶם֙ מֵֽאַחֲרַ֔י וְלֹ֤א תִשְׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקֹּתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃ | But if you turn away from me at all, you or your sons, and you do not keep my commandments and my statutes which I have set before you, and you go your way and serve other gods and worship them, |
|| 2 Chr 7:19.
you (5x): plural. turn away ... at all: infinitive absolute. from me ← from after me. set ← given, but also put. |
| 1 Ki 9:7 | וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵעַ֨ל פְּנֵ֤י הָאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי לִשְׁמִ֔י אֲשַׁלַּ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑י וְהָיָ֧ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְמָשָׁ֥ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֖ה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ | then I will cut Israel off from the face of the land which I have given them, and I will cast the house which I have sanctified for my name out of my sight, and Israel will be the subject of taunting and jeering among all the nations. |
|| 2 Chr 7:20.
land ← ground. sight ← face. |
| 1 Ki 9:8 | וְהַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה עֶלְי֔וֹן כָּל־עֹבֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו יִשֹּׁ֣ם וְשָׁרָ֑ק וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְלַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | And this house will have been exalted, but everyone passing by it will be astonished and will whistle, and they will say, ‘Why has the Lord done this to this land and to this house?’ |
|| 2 Chr 7:21.
done this ← done thus. |
| 1 Ki 9:9 | וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָזְב֜וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־אֲבֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַֽיַּחֲזִ֙קוּ֙ בֵּאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים *וישתחו **וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם וַיַּעַבְדֻ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ | And they will say, ‘Because they forsook the Lord their God, who brought their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and they adhered to other gods and worshipped them and served them – that is why the Lord has brought all this trouble on them.’ ” |
worshipped: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 7:22. trouble: or evil. |
| 1 Ki 9:10 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקְצֵה֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּנָ֥ה שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י הַבָּתִּ֑ים אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And it came to pass after twenty years, when Solomon had built the two houses – the house of the Lord and the king's house – |
|| 2 Chr 8:1.
after ← at the end of. |
| 1 Ki 9:11 | חִירָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צֹ֠ר נִשָּׂ֨א אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה בַּעֲצֵי֩ אֲרָזִ֨ים וּבַעֲצֵ֧י בְרוֹשִׁ֛ים וּבַזָּהָ֖ב לְכָל־חֶפְצ֑וֹ אָ֡ז יִתֵּן֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה לְחִירָם֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֔יר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הַגָּלִֽיל׃ | with Hiram king of Tyre having assisted Solomon with cedar trees and with cypress trees and with gold, having met all his desire, that King Solomon then gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. | having met ← to, for. |
| 1 Ki 9:12 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א חִירָם֙ מִצֹּ֔ר לִרְאוֹת֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַן־ל֖וֹ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א יָשְׁר֖וּ בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ | And Hiram departed from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him, but they were not pleasing to him. | pleasing to him ← upright in his sight. |
| 1 Ki 9:13 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֚ה הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה לִּ֖י אָחִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כָּב֔וּל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And he said, “What are these cities which you have given me, my brother?” And he called them the land of Cabul, as they are called up to this day. | Cabul: i.e. fettered (?). |
| 1 Ki 9:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח חִירָ֖ם לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים כִּכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃ | And Hiram sent one hundred and twenty talents of gold to the king. | talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Ki 9:15 | וְזֶ֨ה דְבַר־הַמַּ֜ס אֲשֶֽׁר־הֶעֱלָ֣ה ׀ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לִבְנוֹת֩ אֶת־בֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֤ה וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּלּ֔וֹא וְאֵ֖ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאֶת־חָצֹ֥ר וְאֶת־מְגִדּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־גָּֽזֶר׃ | And this was the reason for the tax which King Solomon raised: in order to build the house of the Lord and his own house and the Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor and Megiddo and Gezer. |
reason for ← word, matter of.
Millo: root meaning infilling. See [CB] and [Wikipedia]. |
| 1 Ki 9:16 | פַּרְעֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֜יִם עָלָ֗ה וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד אֶת־גֶּ֙זֶר֙ וַיִּשְׂרְפָ֣הּ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְאֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב בָּעִ֖יר הָרָ֑ג וַֽיִּתְּנָהּ֙ שִׁלֻּחִ֔ים לְבִתּ֖וֹ אֵ֥שֶׁת שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up and captured Gezer, and he had burnt it with fire, and he had killed the Canaanites who lived in the city, and he had given it as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife. | |
| 1 Ki 9:17 | וַיִּ֤בֶן שְׁלֹמֹה֙ אֶת־גָּ֔זֶר וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית חֹרֹ֖ן תַּחְתּֽוֹן׃ | Then Solomon rebuilt Gezer and Lower Beth-Horon, |
|| 2 Chr 8:5.
rebuilt ← built. |
| 1 Ki 9:18 | וְאֶֽת־בַּעֲלָ֛ת וְאֶת־*תמר **תַּדְמֹ֥ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | and Baalath and {K: Tamar} [Q: Tadmor] in the desert, in the land, |
The AV reads the qeré, in alignment with 2 Chr 8:4.
|| 2 Chr 8:6. |
| 1 Ki 9:19 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־עָרֵ֤י הַֽמִּסְכְּנוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וְאֵת֙ עָרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וְאֵ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַפָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ חֵ֣שֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָשַׁק֙ לִבְנ֤וֹת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּבַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וּבְכֹ֖ל אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ | and all the storehouse cities which Solomon had, and the cities with chariot fleets, and the cities with horsemen, and the ambitions of Solomon which he aspired to build in Jerusalem and Lebanon and in every land under his rule. |
|| 2 Chr 8:6.
cities with chariot fleets ... cities with horsemen ... land under his rule ← cities of chariot (fleets) ... cities of horsemen ... land of his rule. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 1 Ki 9:20 | כָּל־הָ֠עָם הַנּוֹתָ֨ר מִן־הָאֱמֹרִ֜י הַחִתִּ֤י הַפְּרִזִּי֙ הַחִוִּ֣י וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽמָּה׃ | On all the people who remained from the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were not of the sons of Israel, |
|| 2 Chr 8:7.
on: the word comes from the next verse. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| 1 Ki 9:21 | בְּנֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹתְר֤וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָכְל֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַֽחֲרִימָ֑ם וַיַּעֲלֵ֤ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַס־עֹבֵ֔ד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | on their sons who remained after them in the land, whom the sons of Israel were not able to obliterate, Solomon imposed tribute service, which is in force up to this day. | || 2 Chr 8:8. |
| 1 Ki 9:22 | וּמִבְּנֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה עָ֑בֶד כִּי־הֵ֞ם אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ וְשָׂרָ֣יו וְשָׁלִשָׁ֔יו וְשָׂרֵ֥י רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָֽׁיו׃ ס | But Solomon did not make any of the sons of Israel bondmen, for they were warriors, and his servants, and his ministers, and his officers, and the commanders of his charioteers and his horsemen. |
|| 2 Chr 8:9.
bondmen ← a bondman. his officers ← his men of the third rank. |
| 1 Ki 9:23 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ שָׂרֵ֣י הַנִּצָּבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַל־הַמְּלָאכָה֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת הָרֹדִ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם הָעֹשִׂ֖ים בַּמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | These were the senior officials of those appointed over Solomon's operations: five hundred and fifty who managed the people who were engaged in the work. |
|| 2 Chr 8:10.
five hundred and fifty ← fifty and five hundred; perhaps meaning fifty-five hundred. MT punctuation supports 550, which is also as AV. |
| 1 Ki 9:24 | אַ֣ךְ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה עָֽלְתָה֙ מֵעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔ד אֶל־בֵּיתָ֖הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽנָה־לָ֑הּ אָ֖ז בָּנָ֥ה אֶת־הַמִּלּֽוֹא׃ | But Pharaoh's daughter came up from the City of David to her house which he had built for her, and only then did he build the Millo. | || 2 Chr 8:11. |
| 1 Ki 9:25 | וְהֶעֱלָ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֡ה שָׁלֹשׁ֩ פְּעָמִ֨ים בַּשָּׁנָ֜ה עֹל֣וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֗ים עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֣ה לַיהוָ֔ה וְהַקְטֵ֣יר אִתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּ֖ם אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings three times in the year, on the altar which he had built to the Lord, and he burned incense with them, and it was before the Lord, and he completed the house. |
he burned incense: pointed as an infinitive construct in the role of a finite verb, but the consonantal spelling is as for a finite verb.
|| 2 Chr 8:12, 2 Chr 8:13, 2 Chr 8:16. them ← it. |
| 1 Ki 9:26 | וָאֳנִ֡י עָשָׂה֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה בְּעֶצְיֽוֹן־גֶּ֨בֶר אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֶת־אֵל֛וֹת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת יַם־ס֖וּף בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | And King Solomon built a fleet of ships in Ezion-Geber, which is joint with Eloth on the coast of the Red Sea in the land of Edom. |
|| 2 Chr 8:17.
Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. |
| 1 Ki 9:27 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח חִירָ֤ם בָּֽאֳנִי֙ אֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו אַנְשֵׁ֣י אֳנִיּ֔וֹת יֹדְעֵ֖י הַיָּ֑ם עִ֖ם עַבְדֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And Hiram sent his servants by ship – seafarers who knew the sea – with Solomon's servants, |
|| 2 Chr 8:18.
seafarers ← men of ships. |
| 1 Ki 9:28 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אוֹפִ֔ירָה וַיִּקְח֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ זָהָ֔ב אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים כִּכָּ֑ר וַיָּבִ֖אוּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ פ | and they arrived in Ophir, and they took gold from there – four hundred and twenty talents of it – and they brought it to King Solomon. |
|| 2 Chr 8:18.
talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Ki 10:1 | וּמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֗א שֹׁמַ֛עַת אֶת־שֵׁ֥מַע שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וַתָּבֹ֥א לְנַסֹּת֖וֹ בְּחִידֽוֹת׃ | And when the queen of Sheba heard the report of Solomon – what he had done for the name of the Lord – she came to test him with riddles. | || 2 Chr 9:1. |
| 1 Ki 10:2 | וַתָּבֹ֣א יְרוּשָׁלְַ֗מָה בְּחַיִל֮ כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹד֒ גְּ֠מַלִּים נֹשְׂאִ֨ים בְּשָׂמִ֧ים וְזָהָ֛ב רַב־מְאֹ֖ד וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה וַתָּבֹא֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבָֽהּ׃ | And she came to Jerusalem with a very large retinue of camels bearing fragrances, and a very large quantity of gold, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon, and she told him everything that was on her heart. |
|| 2 Chr 9:1.
large ← heavy, weighty. retinue ← host, army, force. stones ← stone. on her heart ← with her heart. |
| 1 Ki 10:3 | וַיַּגֶּד־לָ֥הּ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרֶ֑יהָ לֹֽא־הָיָ֤ה דָּבָר֙ נֶעְלָ֣ם מִן־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א הִגִּ֖יד לָֽהּ׃ | And Solomon answered all her points raised – nothing was inexplicable to the king, which he could not tell her. |
|| 2 Chr 9:2.
answered all her points raised ← told her all her things. inexplicable to ← hidden from. |
| 1 Ki 10:4 | וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֔א אֵ֖ת כָּל־חָכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וְהַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָֽה׃ | So the queen of Sheba saw all Solomon's wisdom, and the house which he had built, | || 2 Chr 9:3. |
| 1 Ki 10:5 | וּמַאֲכַ֣ל שֻׁלְחָנ֡וֹ וּמוֹשַׁ֣ב עֲבָדָיו֩ וּמַעֲמַ֨ד *משרתו **מְשָׁרְתָ֜יו וּמַלְבֻּֽשֵׁיהֶם֙ וּמַשְׁקָ֔יו וְעֹ֣לָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה בָ֛הּ ע֖וֹד רֽוּחַ׃ | and the food at his table, and the seated assembly of his servants, and the standing assembly of his {Q: attendants} [K: attendant body], and their apparel, and his butlers, and his ascent by which he went up to the house of the Lord. And it took her breath away. |
|| 2 Chr 9:4.
food at ← food of. Wider use of the construct state. it took her breath away ← there was no longer breath in her. |
| 1 Ki 10:6 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֱמֶת֙ הָיָ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בְּאַרְצִ֑י עַל־דְּבָרֶ֖יךָ וְעַל־חָכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ | And she said to the king, “The report which I heard in my country about your affairs and your wisdom was true. |
|| 2 Chr 9:5.
report ← word. true ← truth. |
| 1 Ki 10:7 | וְלֹֽא־הֶאֱמַ֣נְתִּי לַדְּבָרִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֙אתִי֙ וַתִּרְאֶ֣ינָה עֵינַ֔י וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹֽא־הֻגַּד־לִ֖י הַחֵ֑צִי הוֹסַ֤פְתָּ חָכְמָה֙ וָט֔וֹב אֶל־הַשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ | But I did not believe those things until I came and my eyes saw them, and it turns out that half was not told me, and you have exceeded the wisdom and prosperity which I heard of in the report. |
|| 2 Chr 9:6.
it turns out that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 10:8 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אֲנָשֶׁ֔יךָ אַשְׁרֵ֖י עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה הָֽעֹמְדִ֤ים לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ תָּמִ֔יד הַשֹּׁמְעִ֖ים אֶת־חָכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ | Blessed are your men, blessed are these servants of yours who stand before you continually, who hear your wisdom. | || 2 Chr 9:7. |
| 1 Ki 10:9 | יְהִ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּר֔וּךְ אֲשֶׁר֙ חָפֵ֣ץ בְּךָ֔ לְתִתְּךָ֖ עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּאַהֲבַ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם וַיְשִֽׂימְךָ֣ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ | Blessed be the Lord your God, who has been favourably disposed to you in setting you on the throne of Israel, in the Lord's age-abiding love for Israel, who has appointed you as king to execute justice and righteousness.” |
|| 2 Chr 9:8.
in setting you: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 10:10 | וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים ׀ כִּכַּ֣ר זָהָ֗ב וּבְשָׂמִ֛ים הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹ֖ד וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה לֹא־בָא֩ כַבֹּ֨שֶׂם הַה֥וּא עוֹד֙ לָרֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנָ֥ה מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֖א לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And she gave the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold, and very many fragrances and precious stones, and such fragrance as the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon never arrived again for its abundance. |
|| 2 Chr 9:9.
talents: see Ex 25:39. stones ← stone. never ← not. |
| 1 Ki 10:11 | וְגַם֙ אֳנִ֣י חִירָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נָשָׂ֥א זָהָ֖ב מֵאוֹפִ֑יר הֵבִ֨יא מֵאֹפִ֜יר עֲצֵ֧י אַלְמֻגִּ֛ים הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹ֖ד וְאֶ֥בֶן יְקָרָֽה׃ | And also Hiram's fleet, which transported gold from Ophir, brought from Ophir a very large quantity of almug wood and precious stones. |
|| 2 Chr 9:10.
almug: sometimes called algum, is perhaps red sandalwood, or juniper. stones ← stone. |
| 1 Ki 10:12 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־עֲצֵ֨י הָאַלְמֻגִּ֜ים מִסְעָ֤ד לְבֵית־יְהוָה֙ וּלְבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכִנֹּר֥וֹת וּנְבָלִ֖ים לַשָּׁרִ֑ים לֹ֣א בָֽא־כֵ֞ן עֲצֵ֤י אַלְמֻגִּים֙ וְלֹ֣א נִרְאָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the king made from the almug wood auxiliary equipment for the house of the Lord and for the king's house, and harps and lutes for the singers. Never again did such almug wood arrive, nor has it been seen, up to this day. |
|| 2 Chr 9:11.
almug (2x): see 1 Ki 10:11. auxiliary equipment ← support, but [BDB] comments precise meaning unintelligible. never ← not. |
| 1 Ki 10:13 | וְהַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה נָתַ֣ן לְמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֗א אֶת־כָּל־חֶפְצָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔לָה מִלְּבַד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָֽתַן־לָ֔הּ כְּיַ֖ד הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַתֵּ֛פֶן וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ לְאַרְצָ֖הּ הִ֥יא וַעֲבָדֶֽיהָ׃ ס | And King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all her desire which she asked for, in addition to what he gave her according to the means of King Solomon. Then she took her leave and went back to her country with her servants. |
|| 2 Chr 9:12.
means ← hand. took her leave ← turned. with her servants ← she and her servants. |
| 1 Ki 10:14 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִשְׁקַ֣ל הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א לִשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בְּשָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וָשֵׁ֖שׁ כִּכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃ | And the weight of the gold which accrued to Solomon in one year was six hundred and sixty-six talents of gold, |
|| 2 Chr 9:13.
accrued ← came. talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Ki 10:15 | לְבַד֙ מֵאַנְשֵׁ֣י הַתָּרִ֔ים וּמִסְחַ֖ר הָרֹכְלִ֑ים וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָעֶ֖רֶב וּפַח֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | apart from what he obtained from travelling folk and trade with merchants and all the kings of Arabia and the potentates of the land. |
|| 2 Chr 9:14.
folk ← men. Arabia: as [ST] (l'Arabie). |
| 1 Ki 10:16 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה מָאתַ֥יִם צִנָּ֖ה זָהָ֣ב שָׁח֑וּט שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת זָהָ֔ב יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־הַצִּנָּ֥ה הָאֶחָֽת׃ | And King Solomon made two hundred shields of alloyed gold. Six hundred shekels of gold went in each shield, |
|| 2 Chr 9:15.
went ← went up. each ← one. |
| 1 Ki 10:17 | וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת מָֽגִנִּים֙ זָהָ֣ב שָׁח֔וּט שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת מָנִים֙ זָהָ֔ב יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־הַמָּגֵ֣ן הָאֶחָ֑ת וַיִּתְּנֵ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בֵּ֖ית יַ֥עַר הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ פ | and he made three hundred bucklers of alloyed gold. Three manehs of gold went in each buckler, and the king put them in the house of the Forest of Lebanon. |
|| 2 Chr 9:16.
buckler (2x): see Jer 46:3. manehs: 1 maneh = 100 shekels, by comparison ↴ went ← went up. each ← one. |
| 1 Ki 10:18 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ כִּסֵּא־שֵׁ֖ן גָּד֑וֹל וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָ֥ב מוּפָֽז׃ | And the king made a large ivory throne, and he overlaid it with pure gold. |
↳ with 2 Chr 9:16. But different in Ezekiel's vision; see Ezek 45:12.
|| 2 Chr 9:17. |
| 1 Ki 10:19 | שֵׁ֧שׁ מַעֲל֣וֹת לַכִּסֵּ֗ה וְרֹאשׁ־עָגֹ֤ל לַכִּסֵּה֙ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְיָדֹ֛ת מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה אֶל־מְק֣וֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת וּשְׁנַ֣יִם אֲרָי֔וֹת עֹמְדִ֖ים אֵ֥צֶל הַיָּדֽוֹת׃ | There were six steps up to the throne, and the throne had a round canopy extending from its back, and armrests on each side of the seat, and two lions stood beside the armrests. |
|| 2 Chr 9:18.
canopy ← top. [CB] has canopy, but perhaps just an extended top of the backrest. from its back ← from behind it. seat ← place to sit. |
| 1 Ki 10:20 | וּשְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר אֲרָיִ֗ים עֹמְדִ֥ים שָׁ֛ם עַל־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת מִזֶּ֣ה וּמִזֶּ֑ה לֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן לְכָל־מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃ | And twelve lions stood there on the six steps – six on each side. Nothing had been made like it in any of the kingdoms. |
|| 2 Chr 9:19.
like it ← likewise. any ← all. |
| 1 Ki 10:21 | וְ֠כֹל כְּלֵ֞י מַשְׁקֵ֨ה הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ זָהָ֔ב וְכֹ֗ל כְּלֵ֛י בֵּֽית־יַ֥עַר הַלְּבָנ֖וֹן זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר אֵ֣ין כֶּ֗סֶף לֹ֥א נֶחְשָׁ֛ב בִּימֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לִמְאֽוּמָה׃ | And all King Solomon's tableware for drinking was of gold, and all the articles of the house of the Forest of Lebanon were of seamless gold. Nothing was of silver – it was not regarded in Solomon's days as anything special. |
|| 2 Chr 9:20.
tableware for drinking ← vessels of drink. |
| 1 Ki 10:22 | כִּי֩ אֳנִ֨י תַרְשִׁ֤ישׁ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּיָּ֔ם עִ֖ם אֳנִ֣י חִירָ֑ם אַחַת֩ לְשָׁלֹ֨שׁ שָׁנִ֜ים תָּב֣וֹא ׀ אֳנִ֣י תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ נֹֽשְׂאֵת֙ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֔סֶף שֶׁנְהַבִּ֥ים וְקֹפִ֖ים וְתֻכִּיִּֽים׃ | But the king had the fleet of Tarshish on the sea with Hiram's fleet. Once every three years the Tarshish fleet came transporting gold and silver, ivory and monkeys and peacocks. |
|| 2 Chr 9:21.
Tarshish (2x): AV= Tharshish here and 1 Ki 22:49 (1 Ki 22:48AV) and 1 Chr 7:10, but in all other places Tarshish. peacocks: as given by [AnLx], [BDB], [ST]. In ↴ |
| 1 Ki 10:23 | וַיִּגְדַּל֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ לְעֹ֖שֶׁר וּלְחָכְמָֽה׃ | And King Solomon became greater than all the kings of the earth, in riches and in wisdom. |
↳ Modern Hebrew the word means parrots.
|| 2 Chr 9:22. |
| 1 Ki 10:24 | וְכָ֨ל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־חָכְמָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּלִבּֽוֹ׃ | And all the earth would seek an audience with Solomon, so as to hear his wisdom which God had put in his heart. |
|| 2 Chr 9:23.
an audience with ← the face of. |
| 1 Ki 10:25 | וְהֵ֣מָּה מְבִאִ֣ים אִ֣ישׁ מִנְחָת֡וֹ כְּלֵ֣י כֶסֶף֩ וּכְלֵ֨י זָהָ֤ב וּשְׂלָמוֹת֙ וְנֵ֣שֶׁק וּבְשָׂמִ֔ים סוּסִ֖ים וּפְרָדִ֑ים דְּבַר־שָׁנָ֖ה בְּשָׁנָֽה׃ ס | And they each brought their gift – articles of silver and articles of gold, and garments, and weaponry and fragrances, horses and mules – an event which took place year in year out. |
|| 2 Chr 9:24.
an event ← a thing. year in year out ← year by year, but not necessarily just one event per year. |
| 1 Ki 10:26 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֣ף שְׁלֹמֹה֮ רֶ֣כֶב וּפָרָשִׁים֒ וַיְהִי־ל֗וֹ אֶ֤לֶף וְאַרְבַּע־מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וּשְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּנְחֵם֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וְעִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And Solomon assembled a chariot fleet and horsemen, and he had one thousand four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen, and he led them into the chariot cities, whereas some were with the king in Jerusalem. | || 2 Chr 1:14. |
| 1 Ki 10:27 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ אֶת־הַכֶּ֛סֶף בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם כָּאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת הָאֲרָזִ֗ים נָתַ֛ן כַּשִּׁקְמִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה לָרֹֽב׃ | And the king made silver commonplace in Jerusalem like stones in their abundance, and he made cedars like sycamores which are in the lowlands in abundance. | || 2 Chr 1:15, 2 Chr 9:27. |
| 1 Ki 10:28 | וּמוֹצָ֧א הַסּוּסִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וּמִקְוֵ֕ה סֹחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יִקְח֥וּ מִקְוֵ֖ה בִּמְחִֽיר׃ | And the origin of Solomon's horses was that they were from Egypt, and the company of the king's merchants obtained the company of animals at a price. |
|| 2 Chr 1:16, 2 Chr 9:28.
company ... company: the same word in each case. AV differs (linen yarn). |
| 1 Ki 10:29 | וַֽ֠תַּעֲלֶה וַתֵּצֵ֨א מֶרְכָּבָ֤ה מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת כֶּ֔סֶף וְס֖וּס בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמֵאָ֑ה וְ֠כֵן לְכָל־מַלְכֵ֧י הַחִתִּ֛ים וּלְמַלְכֵ֥י אֲרָ֖ם בְּיָדָ֥ם יֹצִֽאוּ׃ פ | And a chariot went up and departed from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for one hundred and fifty, and so they dispatched them through their agency to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aramaea. |
|| 2 Chr 1:17.
agency ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 11:1 | וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אָהַ֞ב נָשִׁ֧ים נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְאֶת־בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֑ה מוֹאֲבִיּ֤וֹת עַמֳּנִיּוֹת֙ אֲדֹ֣מִיֹּ֔ת צֵדְנִיֹּ֖ת חִתִּיֹּֽת׃ | Now King Solomon loved many foreign women, including Pharaoh's daughter, Moabite-, Ammonite-, Edomite-, Sidonian- and Hittite women, | Sidonian: see Gen 10:15. |
| 1 Ki 11:2 | מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־יְהוָה֩ אֶל־בְּנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לֹֽא־תָבֹ֣אוּ בָהֶ֗ם וְהֵם֙ לֹא־יָבֹ֣אוּ בָכֶ֔ם אָכֵן֙ יַטּ֣וּ אֶת־לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם בָּהֶ֛ם דָּבַ֥ק שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְאַהֲבָֽה׃ | from the nations about which the Lord had said to the sons of Israel, “Do not have intercourse with them, and they shall not have intercourse with you. They will surely dispose your heart towards their gods.” Yet Solomon cleaved to them in love. | have intercourse with (2x) ← go into, but not the same preposition as in Gen 16:2 and many other places. |
| 1 Ki 11:3 | וַיְהִי־ל֣וֹ נָשִׁ֗ים שָׂרוֹת֙ שְׁבַ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת וּפִֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וַיַּטּ֥וּ נָשָׁ֖יו אֶת־לִבּֽוֹ׃ | And he had seven hundred wives who were princesses, and three hundred concubines, and his wives turned his heart aside. | turned ... aside: in a Hebrew “VSO” (verb-subject-object) sentence – by far the most common. It also applies to Gen 1:1. |
| 1 Ki 11:4 | וַיְהִ֗י לְעֵת֙ זִקְנַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה נָשָׁיו֙ הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥יד אָבִֽיו׃ | So it came to pass in the time of Solomon's old age, that his wives turned his heart towards other gods, and his heart was not sincere with the Lord his God, as the heart of David his father was. |
turned: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
sincere ← whole; at peace. |
| 1 Ki 11:5 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י עַשְׁתֹּ֔רֶת אֱלֹהֵ֖י צִדֹנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֣י מִלְכֹּ֔ם שִׁקֻּ֖ץ עַמֹּנִֽים׃ | And Solomon went after Astarte, the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom, the abomination of the Ammonites. |
Astarte ← Ashtoreth, i.e. Venus.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| 1 Ki 11:6 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א מִלֵּ֛א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ ס | And Solomon did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he did not fully follow the Lord as David his father did. | |
| 1 Ki 11:7 | אָז֩ יִבְנֶ֨ה שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה בָּמָ֗ה לִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב בָּהָ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּלְמֹ֕לֶךְ שִׁקֻּ֖ץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then Solomon built an idolatrous raised site to Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, at the mountain which faces Jerusalem, and to Molech, the abomination of the sons of Ammon. | |
| 1 Ki 11:8 | וְכֵ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לְכָל־נָשָׁ֖יו הַנָּכְרִיּ֑וֹת מַקְטִיר֥וֹת וּֽמְזַבְּח֖וֹת לֵאלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃ | And he did this for all his foreign wives, who burned incense and offered sacrifices to their gods. | this ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 11:9 | וַיִּתְאַנַּ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בִּשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה כִּֽי־נָטָ֣ה לְבָב֗וֹ מֵעִ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַנִּרְאָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃ | And the Lord became angry with Solomon, for he had turned his heart away from being with the Lord God of Israel who had appeared to him twice. | |
| 1 Ki 11:10 | וְצִוָּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ עַל־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לְבִ֨לְתִּי־לֶ֔כֶת אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָֽה׃ פ | For he had commanded him concerning this matter, not to go after other gods. But he did not keep what the Lord had commanded him. | |
| 1 Ki 11:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לִשְׁלֹמֹ֗ה יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָֽיְתָה־זֹּ֣את עִמָּ֔ךְ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֙רְתָּ֙ בְּרִיתִ֣י וְחֻקֹּתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי עָלֶ֑יךָ קָרֹ֨עַ אֶקְרַ֤ע אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְעַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And the Lord said to Solomon, “Since this is the way with you, and you have not kept my covenant or my statutes which I commanded you, I will tear your kingdom asunder from you, and I will give it to your servant. |
commanded you: or commanded concerning you.
tear ... asunder: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Ki 11:12 | אַךְ־בְּיָמֶ֙יךָ֙ לֹ֣א אֶעֱשֶׂ֔נָּה לְמַ֖עַן דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יךָ מִיַּ֥ד בִּנְךָ֖ אֶקְרָעֶֽנָּה׃ | But in your days I will not do it, for the sake of your father David. It is from the hand of your son that I will tear it apart. | |
| 1 Ki 11:13 | רַ֤ק אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ לֹ֣א אֶקְרָ֔ע שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָ֖ד אֶתֵּ֣ן לִבְנֶ֑ךָ לְמַ֙עַן֙ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֔י וּלְמַ֥עַן יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּחָֽרְתִּי׃ | Nevertheless, I will not tear all your kingdom away. I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem which I have chosen.” | |
| 1 Ki 11:14 | וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֤ה שָׂטָן֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֵ֖ת הֲדַ֣ד הָאֲדֹמִ֑י מִזֶּ֧רַע הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ ה֖וּא בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃ | And the Lord incited as an adversary against Solomon, Hadad the Edomite, who was of the seed of the king in Edom. | |
| 1 Ki 11:15 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֤וֹת דָּוִד֙ אֶת־אֱד֔וֹם בַּעֲל֗וֹת יוֹאָב֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א לְקַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַחֲלָלִ֑ים וַיַּ֥ךְ כָּל־זָכָ֖ר בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃ | For it had come to pass, when David was in Edom, when Joab the commander of the army came up to bury the fallen, that he struck down every male in Edom. | in Edom ← with Edom. |
| 1 Ki 11:16 | כִּ֣י שֵׁ֧שֶׁת חֳדָשִׁ֛ים יָֽשַׁב־שָׁ֥ם יוֹאָ֖ב וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַד־הִכְרִ֥ית כָּל־זָכָ֖ר בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃ | For Joab remained there for six months, as did the whole of Israel, until he had cut off every male in Edom. | |
| 1 Ki 11:17 | וַיִּבְרַ֣ח אֲדַ֡ד הוּא֩ וַאֲנָשִׁ֨ים אֲדֹמִיִּ֜ים מֵעַבְדֵ֥י אָבִ֛יו אִתּ֖וֹ לָב֣וֹא מִצְרָ֑יִם וַהֲדַ֖ד נַ֥עַר קָטָֽן׃ | And Hadad had fled – he and some Edomite men from his father's servants with him – and they had headed for Egypt, when Hadad was a small boy. |
Hadad (first occurrence in verse): here, Adad.
they had headed for ← to come (to). |
| 1 Ki 11:18 | וַיָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ מִמִּדְיָ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ פָּארָ֑ן וַיִּקְחוּ֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים עִמָּ֜ם מִפָּארָ֗ן וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּתֶּן־ל֣וֹ בַ֗יִת וְלֶ֙חֶם֙ אָ֣מַר ל֔וֹ וְאֶ֖רֶץ נָ֥תַן לֽוֹ׃ | And they went up from Midian, and they came to Paran, and they took some men from Paran with them, and they went to Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he gave him a house, and he ordered food for him, and he gave him land. |
ordered ← said.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 11:19 | וַיִּמְצָא֙ הֲדַ֥ד חֵ֛ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּתֶּן־ל֤וֹ אִשָּׁה֙ אֶת־אֲח֣וֹת אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אֲח֖וֹת תַּחְפְּנֵ֥יס הַגְּבִירָֽה׃ | And Hadad found much grace in Pharaoh's eyes, and he gave him his wife's sister as his wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen consort. | |
| 1 Ki 11:20 | וַתֵּ֨לֶד ל֜וֹ אֲח֣וֹת תַּחְפְּנֵ֗יס אֵ֚ת גְּנֻבַ֣ת בְּנ֔וֹ וַתִּגְמְלֵ֣הוּ תַחְפְּנֵ֔ס בְּת֖וֹךְ בֵּ֣ית פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיְהִ֤י גְנֻבַת֙ בֵּ֣ית פַּרְעֹ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ | And Tahpenes' sister bore him Genubath his son, and Tahpenes weaned him in Pharaoh's house, and Genubath was in Pharaoh's house among Pharaoh's sons. | |
| 1 Ki 11:21 | וַהֲדַ֞ד שָׁמַ֣ע בְּמִצְרַ֗יִם כִּֽי־שָׁכַ֤ב דָּוִד֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וְכִי־מֵ֖ת יוֹאָ֣ב שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֑א וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הֲדַד֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה שַׁלְּחֵ֖נִי וְאֵלֵ֥ךְ אֶל־אַרְצִֽי׃ | Then when Hadad heard in Egypt that David had lain with his fathers, and that Joab the commander of the army had died, Hadad said to Pharaoh, “Let me go, and I will go to my country.” | |
| 1 Ki 11:22 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ פַרְעֹ֗ה כִּ֠י מָה־אַתָּ֤ה חָסֵר֙ עִמִּ֔י וְהִנְּךָ֥ מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לָלֶ֣כֶת אֶל־אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לֹ֔א כִּ֥י שַׁלֵּ֖חַ תְּשַׁלְּחֵֽנִי׃ | But Pharaoh said to him, “But what do you lack with me that you should be here requesting to go to your country?” And he replied, “Nothing, but let me go anyway.” |
said ← said ... that, as if indirect speech.
that you should be here ← and behold you. let me go anyway: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Ki 11:23 | וַיָּ֨קֶם אֱלֹהִ֥ים לוֹ֙ שָׂטָ֔ן אֶת־רְז֖וֹן בֶּן־אֶלְיָדָ֑ע אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרַ֗ח מֵאֵ֛ת הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־צוֹבָ֖ה אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | God also incited as an adversary against him Rezon the son of Eliada, who had fled from Hadadezer his master, the king of Zobah. | Eliada: AV= Eliadah. |
| 1 Ki 11:24 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ עָלָיו֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י שַׂר־גְּד֔וּד בַּהֲרֹ֥ג דָּוִ֖ד אֹתָ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֤וּ דַמֶּ֙שֶׂק֙ וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ וַֽיִּמְלְכ֖וּ בְּדַמָּֽשֶׂק׃ | And he recruited some men. Now he had been commander of a troop when David killed them. Then they went to Damascus and stayed in it, and they reigned in Damascus. |
recruited ← gathered to himself.
them: AV differs (them of Zobah). |
| 1 Ki 11:25 | וַיְהִ֨י שָׂטָ֤ן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וְאֶת־הָרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲדָ֑ד וַיָּ֙קָץ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃ פ | And he was an adversary of Israel all Solomon's days, alongside the harm which Hadad did, and he detested Israel, and he reigned over Aramaea. | |
| 1 Ki 11:26 | וְיָרָבְעָם֩ בֶּן־נְבָ֨ט אֶפְרָתִ֜י מִן־הַצְּרֵדָ֗ה וְשֵׁ֤ם אִמּוֹ֙ צְרוּעָה֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה אַלְמָנָ֔ה עֶ֖בֶד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיָּ֥רֶם יָ֖ד בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite from Zeredah, a servant of Solomon's, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow, revolted against the king. |
Jeroboam ← Jarob'am, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Zeredah ← the Zeredah. AV= Zereda. revolted ← raised a hand. |
| 1 Ki 11:27 | וְזֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־הֵרִ֥ים יָ֖ד בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־הַמִּלּ֔וֹא סָגַ֕ר אֶת־פֶּ֕רֶץ עִ֖יר דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ | And this is the reason why he revolted against the king: Solomon had built the Millo and closed the breach in the City of David his father. |
reason ← word; matter.
he revolted ← raised a hand. |
| 1 Ki 11:28 | וְהָאִ֥ישׁ יָרָבְעָ֖ם גִּבּ֣וֹר חָ֑יִל וַיַּ֨רְא שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אֶת־הַנַּ֗עַר כִּֽי־עֹשֵׂ֤ה מְלָאכָה֙ ה֔וּא וַיַּפְקֵ֣ד אֹת֔וֹ לְכָל־סֵ֖בֶל בֵּ֥ית יוֹסֵֽף׃ ס | Now the man Jeroboam was a valiant warrior, and Solomon had seen that the young man was resourceful, and he had appointed him to every duty in the house of Joseph. |
was resourceful ← a doer of workmanship.
duty ← burden. |
| 1 Ki 11:29 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא וְיָֽרָבְעָ֖ם יָצָ֣א מִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּמְצָ֣א אֹת֡וֹ אֲחִיָּה֩ הַשִּׁילֹנִ֨י הַנָּבִ֜יא בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְה֤וּא מִתְכַּסֶּה֙ בְּשַׂלְמָ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה וּשְׁנֵיהֶ֥ם לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And it came to pass at that time that Jeroboam departed from Jerusalem, and Ahijah the Shilonite prophet found him on his journey, and he had put a new cloak on, and the two of them were alone in the countryside, |
journey ← way.
had put ... on ← had covered himself in. |
| 1 Ki 11:30 | וַיִּתְפֹּ֣שׂ אֲחִיָּ֔ה בַּשַּׂלְמָ֥ה הַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וַיִּ֨קְרָעֶ֔הָ שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר קְרָעִֽים׃ | and Ahijah seized the new coat which was on him and tore it into twelve shreds. | |
| 1 Ki 11:31 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיָֽרָבְעָ֔ם קַח־לְךָ֖ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה קְרָעִ֑ים כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֨י קֹרֵ֤עַ אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֣י לְךָ֔ אֵ֖ת עֲשָׂרָ֥ה הַשְּׁבָטִֽים׃ | And he said to Jeroboam, “You keep ten shreds, for this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Behold, I am about to tear the kingdom from Solomon's hand and give to you the ten tribes. |
keep ← take to yourself. Compare Gen 14:21.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| 1 Ki 11:32 | וְהַשֵּׁ֥בֶט הָאֶחָ֖ד יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֑וֹ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ עַבְדִּ֣י דָוִ֗ד וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֣רְתִּי בָ֔הּ מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And one tribe will be for him, for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, the city which I chose out of all the tribes of Israel, | |
| 1 Ki 11:33 | יַ֣עַן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֮ לְעַשְׁתֹּרֶת֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צִֽדֹנִין֒ לִכְמוֹשׁ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וְלֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ בִדְרָכַ֗י לַעֲשׂ֨וֹת הַיָּשָׁ֧ר בְּעֵינַ֛י וְחֻקֹּתַ֥י וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ | because they have deserted me and have worshipped Astarte, the goddess of the Sidonians, Chemosh the god of Moab, and Milcom the god of the sons of Ammon, and they have not walked in my ways when they should have observed what is right in my sight – both my statutes and my regulations – as David his father did. |
Astarte ← Ashtoreth, i.e. Venus.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. Here in an Aramaic form. when they should have observed ← to do. |
| 1 Ki 11:34 | וְלֹֽא־אֶקַּ֥ח אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה מִיָּד֑וֹ כִּ֣י ׀ נָשִׂ֣יא אֲשִׁתֶ֗נּוּ כֹּ֚ל יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֔יו לְמַ֨עַן דָּוִ֤ד עַבְדִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֣רְתִּי אֹת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖ר מִצְוֺתַ֥י וְחֻקֹּתָֽי׃ | But I will not take the whole kingdom from his control, for I will appoint him as a prince all the days of his life, for the sake of my servant David whom I chose, who kept my commandments and my statutes. | control ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 11:35 | וְלָקַחְתִּ֥י הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה מִיַּ֣ד בְּנ֑וֹ וּנְתַתִּ֣יהָ לְּךָ֔ אֵ֖ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת הַשְּׁבָטִֽים׃ | So I will take the kingdom from his son's control and give you it – the ten tribes. | control ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 11:36 | וְלִבְנ֖וֹ אֶתֵּ֣ן שֵֽׁבֶט־אֶחָ֑ד לְמַ֣עַן הֱיֽוֹת־נִ֣יר לְדָֽוִיד־עַ֠בְדִּי כָּֽל־הַיָּמִ֤ים ׀ לְפָנַי֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֣רְתִּי לִ֔י לָשׂ֥וּם שְׁמִ֖י שָֽׁם׃ | But I will give one tribe to his son, so that my servant David may continually have a lamp before me in Jerusalem, the city which I chose for myself to place my name there. | continually ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 11:37 | וְאֹתְךָ֣ אֶקַּ֔ח וּמָ֣לַכְתָּ֔ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּ֖ה נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ מֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I will take you, and you will reign over everyone whom your heart desires, and you will be king over Israel. | heart ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 11:38 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־תִּשְׁמַע֮ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּךָ֒ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ בִדְרָכַ֗י וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ הַיָּשָׁ֤ר בְּעֵינַי֙ לִשְׁמ֤וֹר חֻקּוֹתַי֙ וּמִצְוֺתַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֑י וְהָיִ֣יתִי עִמָּ֗ךְ וּבָנִ֨יתִי לְךָ֤ בַֽיִת־נֶאֱמָן֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנִ֣יתִי לְדָוִ֔ד וְנָתַתִּ֥י לְךָ֖ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it shall come to pass, if you heed everything that I command you, and you walk in my ways, and you do what is right in my eyes, in keeping my statutes and my commandments, as my servant David did, then I will be with you, and I will build you a steadfast house as I built for David, and I will give you Israel. | in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 11:39 | וַֽאעַנֶּ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥רַע דָּוִ֖ד לְמַ֣עַן זֹ֑את אַ֖ךְ לֹ֥א כָל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | But because of this I will afflict David's seed, but not incessantly.’ ” | not incessantly ← not all the days, implying that the affliction is neither continuous (unbroken) nor continual (endless). |
| 1 Ki 11:40 | וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְהָמִ֣ית אֶת־יָרָבְעָ֑ם וַיָּ֣קָם יָרָבְעָ֗ם וַיִּבְרַ֤ח מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־שִׁישַׁ֣ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיְהִ֥י בְמִצְרַ֖יִם עַד־מ֥וֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | Then Solomon looked for a way to kill Jeroboam, and Jeroboam arose and fled to Egypt, to Shishak king of Egypt, and he was in Egypt until Solomon's death. | looked for a way ← sought. |
| 1 Ki 11:41 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֧י שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה וְחָכְמָת֑וֹ הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתֻבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֖פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And as for the rest of Solomon's affairs, and everything he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of Solomon? |
|| 2 Chr 9:29.
Chronicles ← words; matters, affairs, as for deeds above. Here part of a title. |
| 1 Ki 11:42 | וְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֩ מָלַ֨ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the period for which Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over the whole of Israel was forty years. |
|| 2 Chr 9:30.
period ← days. |
| 1 Ki 11:43 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב שְׁלֹמֹה֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּ֨קָּבֵ֔ר בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ רְחַבְעָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ ס | And Solomon lay with his fathers and was buried in the City of David his father. And Rehoboam his son reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Chr 3:10, 2 Chr 9:31.
Rehoboam ← Rehab'am, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Ki 12:1 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֖ם שְׁכֶ֑ם כִּ֥י שְׁכֶ֛ם בָּ֥א כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַמְלִ֥יךְ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel went to Shechem to make him king. | || 2 Chr 10:1. |
| 1 Ki 12:2 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ ׀ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֗ט וְהוּא֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ בְמִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרַ֔ח מִפְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יָרָבְעָ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard it, when he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon – so Jeroboam was living in Egypt – | || 2 Chr 10:2. |
| 1 Ki 12:3 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ וַיִּקְרְאוּ־ל֔וֹ *ויבאו **וַיָּבֹ֥א יָרָבְעָ֖ם וְכָל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיְדַבְּר֔וּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | that they sent messengers and called for him. And Jeroboam came, as did the whole convocation of Israel, and they spoke to Rehoboam and said, |
came: the ketiv is plural or has transposed letters of a scriptio plena spelling of the singular. The qeré singular. Here, the plural is acceptable in the context. Compare 1 Ki 12:21.
|| 2 Chr 10:3. |
| 1 Ki 12:4 | אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־עֻלֵּ֑נוּ וְאַתָּ֡ה עַתָּ֣ה הָקֵל֩ מֵעֲבֹדַ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ הַקָּשָׁ֗ה וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹ הַכָּבֵ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ | “Your father made our yoke heavy, but lighten now the hard work imposed by your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you.” |
|| 2 Chr 10:4.
made ...heavy: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 1 Ki 12:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכ֥וּ עֹ֛ד שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ הָעָֽם׃ | And he said to them, “Go, and come back to me in three days' time.” So the people went away. | || 2 Chr 10:5. |
| 1 Ki 12:6 | וַיִּוָּעַ֞ץ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־הַזְּקֵנִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ עֹמְדִ֗ים אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה אָבִ֔יו בִּֽהְיֹת֥וֹ חַ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה דָּבָֽר׃ | Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had stood in the presence of Solomon his father when he was alive, and he said, “How do you advise me to reply to this people?” |
|| 2 Chr 10:6.
do you advise ← are you consulted. to reply ← to return word. |
| 1 Ki 12:7 | *וידבר **וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר אִם־הַ֠יּוֹם תִּֽהְיֶה־עֶ֜בֶד לָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וַֽעֲבַדְתָּ֔ם וַעֲנִיתָ֕ם וְדִבַּרְתָּ֥ אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם דְּבָרִ֣ים טוֹבִ֑ים וְהָי֥וּ לְךָ֛ עֲבָדִ֖ים כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And {Q: they} [K: one] spoke to him and said, “If today you will be a servant to this people and will serve them and answer them and speak pleasing words to them, then they will be your servants all the time.” |
|| 2 Chr 10:7.
pleasing ← good. all the time ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 12:8 | וַֽיַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת הַזְּקֵנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְעָצֻ֑הוּ וַיִּוָּעַ֗ץ אֶת־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָעֹמְדִ֖ים לְפָנָֽיו׃ | But he ignored the advice of the elders who had advised him, and he consulted the children who had grown up with him, who stood in his presence. |
|| 2 Chr 10:8.
ignored ← left. |
| 1 Ki 12:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם מָ֚ה אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים וְנָשִׁ֥יב דָּבָ֖ר אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבְּר֤וּ אֵלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָקֵל֙ מִן־הָעֹ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן אָבִ֖יךָ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | And he said to them, “What do you advise that we reply to this people who spoke to me and said, ‘Lighten the yoke which your father put on us’?” | || 2 Chr 10:9. |
| 1 Ki 12:10 | וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֣ר לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבְּר֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ לֵאמֹ֗ר אָבִ֙יךָ֙ הִכְבִּ֣יד אֶת־עֻלֵּ֔נוּ וְאַתָּ֖ה הָקֵ֣ל מֵעָלֵ֑ינוּ כֹּ֚ה תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קָֽטָנִּ֥י עָבָ֖ה מִמָּתְנֵ֥י אָבִֽי׃ | And the children who had grown up with him spoke to him and said, “Say this to this people who spoke to you and said, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you lighten it on us’ – say this to them – : ‘My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. |
|| 2 Chr 10:10.
this (2x) ← thus. on us ← from us. |
| 1 Ki 12:11 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אָבִי֙ הֶעְמִ֤יס עֲלֵיכֶם֙ עֹ֣ל כָּבֵ֔ד וַאֲנִ֖י אוֹסִ֣יף עַֽל־עֻלְּכֶ֑ם אָבִ֗י יִסַּ֤ר אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּשּׁוֹטִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֕י אֲיַסֵּ֥ר אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַקְרַבִּֽים׃ | And now, my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke. My father chastened you with whips, but I will chasten you with scorpions.’ ” | || 2 Chr 10:11. |
| 1 Ki 12:12 | *ויבו **וַיָּב֨וֹא יָרָבְעָ֧ם וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שׁ֥וּבוּ אֵלַ֖י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃ | Then Jeroboam came to Rehoboam, as did all the people, on the third day, as the king had spoken when he said, “Come back to me on the third day.” |
came: the ketiv has to be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 10:12. |
| 1 Ki 12:13 | וַיַּ֧עַן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם קָשָׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת הַזְּקֵנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְעָצֻֽהוּ׃ | And the king answered the people harshly, and he ignored the advice of the elders who had advised him. |
|| 2 Chr 10:13.
ignored ← left. |
| 1 Ki 12:14 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כַּעֲצַ֤ת הַיְלָדִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָבִי֙ הִכְבִּ֣יד אֶֽת־עֻלְּכֶ֔ם וַאֲנִ֖י אֹסִ֣יף עַֽל־עֻלְּכֶ֑ם אָבִ֗י יִסַּ֤ר אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּשּׁוֹטִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֕י אֲיַסֵּ֥ר אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַקְרַבִּֽים׃ | And he spoke to them according to the advice of the children and said, “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke. My father chastened you with whips, but I will chasten you with scorpions.” | || 2 Chr 10:14. |
| 1 Ki 12:15 | וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה סִבָּה֙ מֵעִ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְמַ֜עַן הָקִ֣ים אֶת־דְּבָר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד֙ אֲחִיָּ֣ה הַשִּׁילֹנִ֔י אֶל־יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־נְבָֽט׃ | And the king did not listen to the people, because it was a turn of events from the Lord, in order to establish his word which the Lord had spoken through the intermediacy of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. |
|| 2 Chr 10:15.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 12:16 | וַיַּ֣רְא כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּ֠י לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ אֲלֵיהֶם֒ וַיָּשִׁ֣בוּ הָעָ֣ם אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּבָ֣ר ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר מַה־לָּנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק בְּדָוִ֜ד וְלֹֽא־נַחֲלָ֣ה בְּבֶן־יִשַׁ֗י לְאֹהָלֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַתָּ֕ה רְאֵ֥ה בֵיתְךָ֖ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ |
And the whole of Israel saw that the king had not heeded them, and the people replied to the king and said,
“What part have we with David?” And, “There is no inheritance in the son of Jesse. Off to your {M: tents} [P: gods], O Israel. Now you see to your own house, David.” Then Israel went off to their tents. |
[CB] App. 33 claims an amendment by the Sopherim with P= אֱלֺהֶיךָ. But we view this with suspicion, as perhaps a hyper-correction, and we do not reverse it. One could read God rather than gods, but it doesn't fit the context very well. The second occurrence of tents, strictly his tents, is the original text, ↴
|| 2 Chr 10:16. heeded ← heard. |
| 1 Ki 12:17 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם רְחַבְעָֽם׃ פ | But as for the sons of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. |
↳ and many other places (e.g. 2 Sam 10:1) use the expression every man to his tents or similar.
|| 2 Chr 10:17. |
| 1 Ki 12:18 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל בּ֛וֹ אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then when King Rehoboam sent Adoram who was in charge of the tax, all Israel stoned him, and he died. And King Rehoboam scrambled to board a carriage to flee to Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Chr 10:18.
stoned him ← “bouldered” him (with) stone. scrambled ← made himself strong. |
| 1 Ki 12:19 | וַיִּפְשְׁע֤וּ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּבֵ֣ית דָּוִ֔ד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | So Israel revolted against the house of David, as it is up to this day. | || 2 Chr 10:19. |
| 1 Ki 12:20 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ב יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א הָיָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־דָּוִ֔ד זוּלָתִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | Then it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned, that they sent messengers and called him to the congregation, and they made him king over all Israel. There was no-one in favour of the house of David, except for the tribe of Judah alone. | in favour of ← after, behind. |
| 1 Ki 12:21 | *ויבאו **וַיָּבֹ֣א רְחַבְעָם֮ יְרוּשָׁלִַם֒ וַיַּקְהֵל֩ אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֨ית יְהוּדָ֜ה וְאֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט בִּנְיָמִ֗ן מֵאָ֨ה וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף בָּח֖וּר עֹשֵׂ֣ה מִלְחָמָ֑ה לְהִלָּחֵם֙ עִם־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהָשִׁיב֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה לִרְחַבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ פ | Then when Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he convened the whole house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin – one hundred and eighty thousand young men – who were about to wage war, to fight against the house of Israel, so as to restore the kingdom to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. |
arrived: the ketiv is plural or has transposed letters of a scriptio plena spelling of the singular. The qeré is singular. Compare 1 Ki 12:3, but here the context militates against a plural.
|| 2 Chr 11:1. against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Ki 12:22 | וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַ֣ר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶל־שְׁמַעְיָ֥ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of God came to Shemaiah, a man of God, and it said, |
|| 2 Chr 11:2.
came ← became. |
| 1 Ki 12:23 | אֱמֹ֗ר אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ין וְיֶ֥תֶר הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “Speak to Rehoboam the son of Solomon, the king of Judah, and to the whole house of Judah and Benjamin and the rest of the people, and say, | || 2 Chr 11:3. |
| 1 Ki 12:24 | כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה לֹֽא־תַעֲלוּ֩ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֨חֲמ֜וּן עִם־אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שׁ֚וּבוּ אִ֣ישׁ לְבֵית֔וֹ כִּ֧י מֵאִתִּ֛י נִהְיָ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֥בוּ לָלֶ֖כֶת כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | ‘This is what the Lord says: «Do not go up and do not fight against your brothers, the sons of Israel. Go back, each one to his house, because this matter has been brought about by me.» ’ ” And they heeded the word of the Lord and turned back, so going according to the word of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 11:4.
this is what ← thus. against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Ki 12:25 | וַיִּ֨בֶן יָרָבְעָ֧ם אֶת־שְׁכֶ֛ם בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרַ֖יִם וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בָּ֑הּ וַיֵּצֵ֣א מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּ֖בֶן אֶת־פְּנוּאֵֽל׃ | Meanwhile Jeroboam built Shechem on Mount Ephraim, and he resided in it, and he went out from there and built Penuel. |
meanwhile: wider use of the vav.
built: i.e. rebuilt, or repaired. See [CB]. |
| 1 Ki 12:26 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יָרָבְעָ֖ם בְּלִבּ֑וֹ עַתָּ֛ה תָּשׁ֥וּב הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית דָּוִֽד׃ | But Jeroboam said in his heart, “The kingdom will return now to the house of David. | |
| 1 Ki 12:27 | אִֽם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה ׀ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֨וֹת זְבָחִ֤ים בְּבֵית־יְהוָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְ֠שָׁב לֵ֣ב הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹ֣נֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֖ם מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַהֲרָגֻ֕נִי וְשָׁ֖בוּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | If this people goes up to make sacrifices in the house of the Lord in Jerusalem, then the people's heart will return to their lord – to Rehoboam king of Judah – and they will kill me and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.” | |
| 1 Ki 12:28 | וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֖י עֶגְלֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם רַב־לָכֶם֙ מֵעֲל֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then the king consulted, and he made two golden calves, and he said to the people, “It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Behold your gods, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.” | the people ← them. |
| 1 Ki 12:29 | וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הָאֶחָ֖ד בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וְאֶת־הָאֶחָ֖ד נָתַ֥ן בְּדָֽן׃ | And he put one in Beth-El, and he placed the other in Dan. | the other ← the one. |
| 1 Ki 12:30 | וַיְהִ֛י הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לְחַטָּ֑את וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֶחָ֖ד עַד־דָּֽן׃ | And this matter became a source of sin, and the people went into the presence of one of them – the one in Dan. | |
| 1 Ki 12:31 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית בָּמ֑וֹת וַיַּ֤עַשׂ כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ מִקְצ֣וֹת הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ מִבְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃ | And he made an elevated idolatrous temple, and he appointed priests from the common people who were not the sons of Levi. |
an elevated idolatrous temple ← a house of (idolatrous) raised sites.
appointed ← made. the common ← the extreme part of, but ↴ |
| 1 Ki 12:32 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ יָרָבְעָ֣ם ׀ חָ֡ג בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִ֣י בַּחֲמִשָּֽׁה־עָשָׂר֩ י֨וֹם ׀ לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ כֶּחָ֣ג ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּיהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֙עַל֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל לְזַבֵּ֖חַ לָעֲגָלִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֑ה וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֥י הַבָּמ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | And Jeroboam instituted a festival in the eighth month on the fifteenth day of the month, like the festival which is in Judah, and he made a burnt offering on the altar. This is what he did in Beth-El in sacrificing to the calves which he had made, and he appointed in Beth-El priests of the idolatrous raised sites which he had made. |
↳ also the whole of, i.e. the (people) as a whole.
instituted ← made. this is what ← so. in sacrificing: gerundial use of the infinitive. appointed ← made stand; set up. |
| 1 Ki 12:33 | וַיַּ֜עַל עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֣חַ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י בַּחֹ֖דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּדָ֣א *מלבד **מִלִּבּ֑וֹ וַיַּ֤עַשׂ חָג֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥עַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לְהַקְטִֽיר׃ פ | So he made burnt offerings on the altar which he had made in Beth-El on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, in the month when he devised {K: on his own initiative} [Q: from his heart] that he should institute a festival for the sons of Israel. So he made burnt offerings on the altar with burning of incense. | institute ← make. |
| 1 Ki 13:1 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֱלֹהִ֗ים בָּ֧א מִיהוּדָ֛ה בִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְיָרָבְעָ֛ם עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לְהַקְטִֽיר׃ | Then it so happened that a man of God came from Judah with the word of the Lord to Beth-El, while Jeroboam was standing at the altar about to burn incense. | it so happened that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 13:2 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מִזְבֵּ֣חַ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּֽה־בֵ֞ן נוֹלָ֤ד לְבֵית־דָּוִד֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ שְׁמ֔וֹ וְזָבַ֣ח עָלֶ֗יךָ אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֤י הַבָּמוֹת֙ הַמַּקְטִרִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ וְעַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם יִשְׂרְפ֥וּ עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | And he called out at the altar with the word of the Lord and said, “O altar, O altar, this is what the Lord says: ‘Behold, a son is to be born in the house of David, and his name will be Josiah, and he will sacrifice on you the priests of the idolatrous raised sites who now burn incense on you, and man's bones will burn on you.’ ” |
man's bones will burn on you: see 2 Ki 23:16. One could re-point as niphal, will be burnt.
this is what ← thus. is to be born: gerundival use of the participle. Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Ki 13:3 | וְנָתַן֩ בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא מוֹפֵת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֣ה הַמּוֹפֵ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֤ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ נִקְרָ֔ע וְנִשְׁפַּ֖ךְ הַדֶּ֥שֶׁן אֲשֶׁר־עָלָֽיו׃ | And on that day he performed a miracle and said, “This is the miracle which the Lord has pronounced. Behold, the altar will split apart and the ashes on it will be poured out.” |
performed ← gave.
ashes: or fat, but in this context the ashes of the burnt victims. |
| 1 Ki 13:4 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָרָ֤א עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יָרָבְעָ֧ם אֶת־יָד֛וֹ מֵעַ֥ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֣ר ׀ תִּפְשֻׂ֑הוּ וַתִּיבַ֤שׁ יָדוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֣ח עָלָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יָכֹ֖ל לַהֲשִׁיבָ֥הּ אֵלָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when the king heard the word of the man of God, who had called out at the altar of Beth-El, that Jeroboam stretched out his hand over the altar and said, “Seize him.” But his hand which he had stretched out over it withered, and he was not able to retract it. | retract it ← return it to himself. |
| 1 Ki 13:5 | וְהַמִּזְבֵּ֣חַ נִקְרָ֔ע וַיִּשָּׁפֵ֥ךְ הַדֶּ֖שֶׁן מִן־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כַּמּוֹפֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And the altar was split, and the ash was poured out from the altar, as a miracle which the man of God performed with the word of the Lord. | performed ← gave. |
| 1 Ki 13:6 | וַיַּ֨עַן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים חַל־נָ֞א אֶת־פְּנֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ וְהִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל בַּעֲדִ֔י וְתָשֹׁ֥ב יָדִ֖י אֵלָ֑י וַיְחַ֤ל אִישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתָּ֤שָׁב יַד־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַתְּהִ֖י כְּבָרִֽאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | Then the king reacted and said to the man of God, “Plead with the Lord your God, please, and pray for me that my hand may be restored to me.” And the man of God pleaded with the Lord, and the king's hand was restored to him, and it became as it was at first. |
reacted ← answered, but no question asked.
plead with ... pleaded with ← soften the face of ... softened the face of. |
| 1 Ki 13:7 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים בֹּאָה־אִתִּ֥י הַבַּ֖יְתָה וּֽסְעָ֑דָה וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה לְךָ֖ מַתָּֽת׃ | And the king said to the man of God, “Come home with me and dine, and I will give you a gift.” | |
| 1 Ki 13:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אִישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־תִּתֶּן־לִי֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י בֵיתֶ֔ךָ לֹ֥א אָבֹ֖א עִמָּ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־אֹ֤כַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶשְׁתֶּה־מַּ֔יִם בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the man of God said to the king, “Even if you were to give me half of your house, I would not go with you, and I would not eat bread or drink water in this place. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 14:24. |
| 1 Ki 13:9 | כִּֽי־כֵ֣ן ׀ צִוָּ֣ה אֹתִ֗י בִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹא־תֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁתֶּה־מָּ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א תָשׁ֔וּב בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽכְתָּ׃ | For that is what the Lord commanded me by his word when he said, ‘You shall not eat bread, and you shall not drink water, and you shall not return by the way you came.’ ” |
that is what ← thus.
the Lord commanded me by his word ← he commanded me by the word of the Lord. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:10 | וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אַחֵ֑ר וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֣ב בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֛ר בָּ֥א בָ֖הּ אֶל־בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ פ | So he went by another way, and he did not return by the way by which he came to Beth-El. | |
| 1 Ki 13:11 | וְנָבִ֤יא אֶחָד֙ זָקֵ֔ן יֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וַיָּב֣וֹא בְנ֡וֹ וַיְסַפֶּר־ל֣וֹ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֩ אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ הַיּ֜וֹם בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיְסַפְּר֖וּם לַאֲבִיהֶֽם׃ | Now a certain elderly prophet lived in Beth-El, and his son came and told him the whole proceeding which the man of God had carried out on that day in Beth-El – the words which he spoke to the king – and they told them to their father. |
a certain ... prophet ← one prophet. A false prophet (1 Ki 13:18).
on that day ← today, the time frame of direct speech. they told: perhaps plural because several sons came (see next verse), or perhaps impersonal avoidance of the passive it was told. |
| 1 Ki 13:12 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אֲבִיהֶ֔ם אֵֽי־זֶ֥ה הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ הָלָ֑ךְ וַיִּרְא֣וּ בָנָ֗יו אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלַךְ֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א מִיהוּדָֽה׃ | Then their father said to them, “Which way did he go?” For his sons had seen which way the man of God, who had come from Judah, went. | which way (second occurrence in verse) ← the way which. |
| 1 Ki 13:13 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־בָּנָ֔יו חִבְשׁוּ־לִ֖י הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ל֣וֹ הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַיִּרְכַּ֖ב עָלָֽיו׃ | And he said to his sons, “Saddle the donkey for me.” So they saddled the donkey for him, and he rode on it. | |
| 1 Ki 13:14 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּ֨מְצָאֵ֔הוּ יֹשֵׁ֖ב תַּ֣חַת הָאֵלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו הַאַתָּ֧ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אתָ מִֽיהוּדָ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽנִי׃ | And he went after the man of God, and he found him sitting under a terebinth tree, and he said to him, “Are you the man of God who has come from Judah?” And he said, “I am.” | a terebinth tree ← the terebinth tree. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 1 Ki 13:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו לֵ֥ךְ אִתִּ֖י הַבָּ֑יְתָה וֶאֱכֹ֖ל לָֽחֶם׃ | Then he said to him, “Come home with me and eat bread.” | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:16 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָשׁ֥וּב אִתָּ֖ךְ וְלָב֣וֹא אִתָּ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־אֹ֣כַל לֶ֗חֶם וְלֹֽא־אֶשְׁתֶּ֤ה אִתְּךָ֙ מַ֔יִם בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | But he said, “I am not able to return with you and to go with you, and I shall not eat bread, and I shall not drink water with you in this place. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:17 | כִּֽי־דָבָ֤ר אֵלַי֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לֹֽא־תֹאכַ֣ל לֶ֔חֶם וְלֹֽא־תִשְׁתֶּ֥ה שָׁ֖ם מָ֑יִם לֹא־תָשׁ֣וּב לָלֶ֔כֶת בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥כְתָּ בָּֽהּ׃ | For the word to me, by the word of the Lord, was, ‘You shall not eat bread, and you shall not drink water there. You shall not return by going back by the way you came.’ ” |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
by going: gerundial use of the infinitive. came ← came on. |
| 1 Ki 13:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ גַּם־אֲנִ֣י נָבִיא֮ כָּמוֹךָ֒ וּמַלְאָ֡ךְ דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלַי֩ בִּדְבַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲשִׁבֵ֤הוּ אִתְּךָ֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְיֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם וְיֵ֣שְׁתְּ מָ֑יִם כִּחֵ֖שׁ לֽוֹ׃ | Then he said to him, “I too am a prophet like you, and an angel has spoken to me by the word of the Lord and has said, ‘Bring him back with you to your house, and he will eat bread and drink water.’ ” But he was lying to him. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:19 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב אִתּ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֥אכַל לֶ֛חֶם בְּבֵית֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥שְׁתְּ מָֽיִם׃ | And he returned with him and ate bread in his house and drank water. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:20 | וַיְהִ֕י הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים אֶל־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֑ן פ וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הַנָּבִ֖יא אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֱשִׁיבֽוֹ׃ | Then it came to pass while they were sitting at the table that the word of the Lord came to the prophet who had brought him back, | came ← became. |
| 1 Ki 13:21 | וַיִּקְרָ֞א אֶל־אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤א מִֽיהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה יַ֗עַן כִּ֤י מָרִ֙יתָ֙ פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | and he called out to the man of God who had come from Judah and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Since you have been disobedient to the utterance of the Lord, and you have not kept the commandment which the Lord your God commanded, |
this is what ← thus.
utterance ← mouth. |
| 1 Ki 13:22 | וַתָּ֗שָׁב וַתֹּ֤אכַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וַתֵּ֣שְׁתְּ מַ֔יִם בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ אַל־תֹּ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם וְאַל־תֵּ֣שְׁתְּ מָ֑יִם לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא נִבְלָתְךָ֖ אֶל־קֶ֥בֶר אֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | but you went back, and you have eaten bread and drunk water in a place for which he said to you, «Do not eat bread and do not drink water there», your corpse will not enter into the sepulchre of your fathers.’ ” | bread (2x): see 1 Ki 13:8. See also 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:23 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵ֛י אָכְל֥וֹ לֶ֖חֶם וְאַחֲרֵ֣י שְׁתוֹת֑וֹ וַיַּחֲבָשׁ־ל֣וֹ הַחֲמ֔וֹר לַנָּבִ֖יא אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֱשִׁיבֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, after he had eaten bread and after he had drunk, that he saddled the donkey for him – for the prophet whom he had brought back. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 13:24 | וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ וַיִּמְצָאֵ֧הוּ אַרְיֵ֛ה בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וַתְּהִ֤י נִבְלָתוֹ֙ מֻשְׁלֶ֣כֶת בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהַחֲמוֹר֙ עֹמֵ֣ד אֶצְלָ֔הּ וְהָ֣אַרְיֵ֔ה עֹמֵ֖ד אֵ֥צֶל הַנְּבֵלָֽה׃ | And as he was travelling, a lion came across him on the way and killed him, and his corpse was discarded on the road, but the donkey stood next to it, and the lion stood next to the corpse. |
he was travelling: a change of grammatical subject to the “man of God”, the true (but disobedient) prophet.
came across ← found. |
| 1 Ki 13:25 | וְהִנֵּ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֣ים עֹבְרִ֗ים וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֶת־הַנְּבֵלָה֙ מֻשְׁלֶ֣כֶת בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְאֶת־הָ֣אַרְיֵ֔ה עֹמֵ֖ד אֵ֣צֶל הַנְּבֵלָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ בָעִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֛ר הַנָּבִ֥יא הַזָּקֵ֖ן יֹשֵׁ֥ב בָּֽהּ׃ | Then it so happened that some men were passing by, and they saw the corpse discarded on the road and the lion standing next to the corpse, and they went away and reported it in the city in which the elderly prophet lived. | it so happened that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 13:26 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַנָּבִיא֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֱשִׁיב֣וֹ מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֣ים ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָרָ֖ה אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֨הוּ יְהוָ֜ה לָאַרְיֵ֗ה וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵ֙הוּ֙ וַיְמִתֵ֔הוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּר־לֽוֹ׃ | And the prophet who had brought him back when he was on his way heard it, and he said, “It is the man of God who was disobedient to the utterance of the Lord, and the Lord gave him over to the lion, and it tore him to pieces and killed him, according to the word of the Lord, who had spoken to him.” |
when he was on his way ← from the way.
utterance ← mouth. tore him to pieces ← broke him. |
| 1 Ki 13:27 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר אֶל־בָּנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חִבְשׁוּ־לִ֖י אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַֽיַּחֲבֹֽשׁוּ׃ | Then he spoke to his sons and said, “Saddle the donkey for me.” So they saddled it. | |
| 1 Ki 13:28 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיִּמְצָ֤א אֶת־נִבְלָתוֹ֙ מֻשְׁלֶ֣כֶת בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַֽחֲמוֹר֙ וְהָ֣אַרְיֵ֔ה עֹמְדִ֖ים אֵ֣צֶל הַנְּבֵלָ֑ה לֹֽא־אָכַ֤ל הָֽאַרְיֵה֙ אֶת־הַנְּבֵלָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁבַ֖ר אֶֽת־הַחֲמֽוֹר׃ | Then he set out and found his corpse which had been discarded on the road, with the donkey and the lion standing beside the corpse. The lion did not eat the corpse, and it did not tear at the donkey. | tear at ← break. |
| 1 Ki 13:29 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א הַנָּבִ֜יא אֶת־נִבְלַ֧ת אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים וַיַּנִּחֵ֥הוּ אֶֽל־הַחֲמ֖וֹר וַיְשִׁיבֵ֑הוּ וַיָּבֹ֗א אֶל־עִיר֙ הַנָּבִ֣יא הַזָּקֵ֔ן לִסְפֹּ֖ד וּלְקָבְרֽוֹ׃ | Then the prophet took the corpse of the man of God, and he placed him on the donkey and brought him back, and the elderly prophet went to the city to mourn for him and to bury him. | to bury him: we take the suffix on the infinitive as an objective genitive. But see 1 Ki 13:31, which has the same form. |
| 1 Ki 13:30 | וַיַּנַּ֥ח אֶת־נִבְלָת֖וֹ בְּקִבְר֑וֹ וַיִּסְפְּד֥וּ עָלָ֖יו ה֥וֹי אָחִֽי׃ | And he placed his corpse in his grave, and they mourned for him, saying, “Alas, my brother.” | |
| 1 Ki 13:31 | וַיְהִי֮ אַחֲרֵ֣י קָבְר֣וֹ אֹתוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־בָּנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּמוֹתִי֙ וּקְבַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִ֔י בַּקֶּ֕בֶר אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים קָב֣וּר בּ֑וֹ אֵ֚צֶל עַצְמֹתָ֔יו הַנִּ֖יחוּ אֶת־עַצְמֹתָֽי׃ | Then it came to pass, after he had buried him, that he spoke to his sons and said, “On my death, bury me in the grave in which the man of God is buried. Place my bones next to his bones. | he had buried him: a subjective genitive suffix on the infinitive (followed by a pronominal direct object). Contrast 1 Ki 13:29, despite the same form. |
| 1 Ki 13:32 | כִּי֩ הָיֹ֨ה יִהְיֶ֜ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וְעַל֙ כָּל־בָּתֵּ֣י הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ פ | For the words will surely come to pass which he called out by the word of the Lord at the altar which was in Beth-El and in all the temples of the idolatrous raised sites which were in the cities of Samaria.” |
words ← word.
will surely come to pass: infinitive absolute. temples ← houses. |
| 1 Ki 13:33 | אַחַר֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לֹֽא־שָׁ֥ב יָרָבְעָ֖ם מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָרָעָ֑ה וַ֠יָּשָׁב וַיַּ֜עַשׂ מִקְצ֤וֹת הָעָם֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י בָמ֔וֹת הֶֽחָפֵץ֙ יְמַלֵּ֣א אֶת־יָד֔וֹ וִיהִ֖י כֹּהֲנֵ֥י בָמֽוֹת׃ | After this affair Jeroboam did not turn back from his evil way, and he again appointed priests for the idolatrous raised sites from the common people. He installed whoever wished it, who then became priests of the idolatrous raised sites. |
again: or returned and.
appointed ← made. the common people: see 1 Ki 12:31. installed ← filled the hand of. |
| 1 Ki 13:34 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לְחַטַּ֖את בֵּ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֑ם וּלְהַכְחִיד֙ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֔יד מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ פ | And this affair became the sin of the house of Jeroboam, and it was cause to destroy it and to obliterate it from the face of the earth. |
this affair ← in this affair.
earth ← ground. |
| 1 Ki 14:1 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא חָלָ֖ה אֲבִיָּ֥ה בֶן־יָרָבְעָֽם׃ | At that time Abijah the son of Jeroboam fell ill. | |
| 1 Ki 14:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יָרָבְעָ֜ם לְאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ ק֤וּמִי נָא֙ וְהִשְׁתַּנִּ֔ית וְלֹ֣א יֵֽדְע֔וּ כִּי־*אתי **אַ֖תְּ אֵ֣שֶׁת יָרָבְעָ֑ם וְהָלַ֣כְתְּ שִׁלֹ֗ה הִנֵּה־שָׁם֙ אֲחִיָּ֣ה הַנָּבִ֔יא הֽוּא־דִבֶּ֥ר עָלַ֛י לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And Jeroboam said to his wife, “Arise, please, and disguise yourself so that they won't know that you are Jeroboam's wife, and go to Shiloh. You will see that Ahijah the prophet is there. He is the one who told me that I would become king over this people. |
you (first occurrence in verse): the ketiv is an older form, [Ges-HG] §32h.
so that: purposive use of the vav. you will see that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 14:3 | וְלָקַ֣חַתְּ בְּ֠יָדֵךְ עֲשָׂרָ֨ה לֶ֧חֶם וְנִקֻּדִ֛ים וּבַקְבֻּ֥ק דְּבַ֖שׁ וּבָ֣את אֵלָ֑יו ה֚וּא יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ מַה־יִּֽהְיֶ֖ה לַנָּֽעַר׃ | And take with you ten loaves, and cakes and a jar of honey, and go to him. He will tell you what will become of the child.” |
with you ← in your hand.
jar: or bottle. |
| 1 Ki 14:4 | וַתַּ֤עַשׂ כֵּן֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַתָּ֙קָם֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַתָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֣ית אֲחִיָּ֑ה וַאֲחִיָּ֙הוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָכֹ֣ל לִרְא֔וֹת כִּ֛י קָ֥מוּ עֵינָ֖יו מִשֵּׂיבֽוֹ׃ ס | And Jeroboam's wife did so, and she arose and went to Shiloh, and she went to Ahijah's house, but Ahijah could not see because his eyes were unable to focus because of his old age. |
unable to focus ← fixed. Compare 1 Sam 4:15.
old age ← grey hair. |
| 1 Ki 14:5 | וַיהוָ֞ה אָמַ֣ר אֶל־אֲחִיָּ֗הוּ הִנֵּ֣ה אֵ֣שֶׁת יָרָבְעָ֡ם בָּאָ֣ה לִדְרֹשׁ֩ דָּבָ֨ר מֵעִמְּךָ֤ אֶל־בְּנָהּ֙ כִּֽי־חֹלֶ֣ה ה֔וּא כָּזֹ֥ה וְכָזֶ֖ה תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֑יהָ וִיהִ֣י כְבֹאָ֔הּ וְהִ֖יא מִתְנַכֵּרָֽה׃ | But the Lord said to Ahijah, “Look, Jeroboam's wife is coming to ask you for an oracle about her son, because he is ill. You will say this and that to her, and it will be the case that when she comes, she will be concealing her identity.” |
oracle ← word, thing.
concealing her identity: hithpael for feigning. See Gen 42:7. |
| 1 Ki 14:6 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲחִיָּ֜הוּ אֶת־ק֤וֹל רַגְלֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּאָ֣ה בַפֶּ֔תַח וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בֹּ֖אִי אֵ֣שֶׁת יָרָבְעָ֑ם לָ֣מָּה זֶּ֗ה אַ֚תְּ מִתְנַכֵּרָ֔ה וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י שָׁל֥וּחַ אֵלַ֖יִךְ קָשָֽׁה׃ | And it came to pass, when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet as she came in at the door, that he said, “Come in, O wife of Jeroboam. Why are you concealing your identity? But I have been commissioned with something severe for you. | I have been commissioned ... for you ← I (am) sent ... to you. The sense of commissioning is present in 2 Sam 11:22. |
| 1 Ki 14:7 | לְכִ֞י אִמְרִ֣י לְיָרָבְעָ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֛עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲרִימֹתִ֖יךָ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָעָ֑ם וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֣ נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Go and say to Jeroboam, ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel says: «Seeing that I exalted you from among the people, and I appointed you a prince over my people Israel, | this is what ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 14:8 | וָאֶקְרַ֤ע אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֔ד וָאֶתְּנֶ֖הָ לָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־הָיִ֜יתָ כְּעַבְדִּ֣י דָוִ֗ד אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁמַ֨ר מִצְוֺתַ֜י וַאֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֤ךְ אַחֲרַי֙ בְּכָל־לְבָב֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת רַ֖ק הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָֽי׃ | and I split the kingdom from the house of David, and I gave it to you, but seeing that you were not like my servant David who kept my commandments and who walked after me with all his heart in doing only what is right in my sight, |
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
right ← upright. |
| 1 Ki 14:9 | וַתָּ֣רַע לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֡לֶךְ וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים אֲחֵרִ֤ים וּמַסֵּכוֹת֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְאֹתִ֥י הִשְׁלַ֖כְתָּ אַחֲרֵ֥י גַוֶּֽךָ׃ ס | and seeing that you acted more wickedly than all who were before you, and you went on to make yourself other gods and castings, so provoking me to anger, and seeing that you cast me behind your back, | |
| 1 Ki 14:10 | לָכֵ֗ן הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא רָעָה֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְיָֽרָבְעָם֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר עָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבִֽעַרְתִּי֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־יָרָבְעָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְבַעֵ֥ר הַגָּלָ֖ל עַד־תֻּמּֽוֹ׃ | so I for my part am about to bring evil on the house of Jeroboam, and I will cut off from Jeroboam everyone who urinates against a wall, leaving it shut off and abandoned in Israel, and I will clear the house of Jeroboam out, as one clears dung out until it has gone. |
so I for my part am about to ← therefore behold me.
cut off from ← cut off to / for. leaving it shut off and abandoned: AV differs (and him that is shut up and left). [CB] also differs, as ↴ has gone ← has been consumed. |
| 1 Ki 14:11 | הַמֵּ֨ת לְיָֽרָבְעָ֤ם בָּעִיר֙ יֹאכְל֣וּ הַכְּלָבִ֔ים וְהַמֵּת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ | Dogs will eat him of Jeroboam's house who dies in the city, and the birds of the sky will eat him who dies in the field, for the Lord has spoken.» ’ |
↳ at Ex 23:5, proposing cases of root עזב as to help.
eat (2x): in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 1 Ki 14:12 | וְאַ֥תְּ ק֖וּמִי לְכִ֣י לְבֵיתֵ֑ךְ בְּבֹאָ֥ה רַגְלַ֛יִךְ הָעִ֖ירָה וּמֵ֥ת הַיָּֽלֶד׃ | So you arise and go to your home. As your feet enter the city, the child will die. | |
| 1 Ki 14:13 | וְסָֽפְדוּ־ל֤וֹ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְקָבְר֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כִּֽי־זֶ֣ה לְבַדּ֔וֹ יָבֹ֥א לְיָרָבְעָ֖ם אֶל־קָ֑בֶר יַ֣עַן נִמְצָא־ב֞וֹ דָּבָ֣ר ט֗וֹב אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּבֵ֥ית יָרָבְעָֽם׃ | And all Israel will mourn for him, and they will bury him, but only he of Jeroboam's house will go to the grave, because a good thing has been found in him towards the Lord God of Israel in the house of Jeroboam. | only he ← only this (one). |
| 1 Ki 14:14 | וְהֵקִים֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֥וֹ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכְרִ֛ית אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם זֶ֣ה הַיּ֑וֹם וּמֶ֖ה גַּם־עָֽתָּה׃ | But the Lord will raise up a king for himself over Israel, who will cast off the house of Jeroboam on this very day. And what is more – right now. |
on this very day: AV differs (that day). Perhaps one should regard the death of Jeroboam's firstborn (1 Ki 14:17) as ending recognition of the line.
right ← also. Wider use of gam. |
| 1 Ki 14:15 | וְהִכָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנ֣וּד הַקָּנֶה֮ בַּמַּיִם֒ וְנָתַ֣שׁ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֨ה הַטּוֹבָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַן֙ לַאֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וְזֵרָ֖ם מֵעֵ֣בֶר לַנָּהָ֑ר יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אֲשֵׁ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מַכְעִיסִ֖ים אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | So the Lord will strike Israel, as a reed is driven about in the water, and he will drive Israel out from this good land which he gave to their fathers, and he will scatter them on the other side of the river, because they have constructed their phallic parks, provoking the Lord to anger. |
is driven about: qal for passive of hiphil.
the river: [CB] notes as the Euphrates. |
| 1 Ki 14:16 | וְיִתֵּ֖ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בִּגְלַ֞ל חַטֹּ֤אות יָֽרָבְעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he will deliver up Israel on account of Jeroboam's sins which he committed, and because he caused Israel to sin.” | committed ← sinned. |
| 1 Ki 14:17 | וַתָּ֙קָם֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתָּבֹ֣א תִרְצָ֑תָה הִ֛יא בָּאָ֥ה בְסַף־הַבַּ֖יִת וְהַנַּ֥עַר מֵֽת׃ | Then Jeroboam's wife arose and departed and went to Tirzah. And as she went in over the threshold of the house, the child died. | |
| 1 Ki 14:18 | וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ל֖וֹ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַד־עַבְדּ֖וֹ אֲחִיָּ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | And they buried him, and all Israel mourned for him, according to the word of the Lord which he had spoken through the intermediacy of his servant Ahijah the prophet. |
intermediacy ← hand.
Ahijah ← Ahijahu here. |
| 1 Ki 14:19 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י יָֽרָבְעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִלְחַ֖ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר מָלָ֑ךְ הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Jeroboam, who waged war and who reigned, they are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. |
they are ← behold them.
Chronicles ← words / affairs of the days. Here part of a title. |
| 1 Ki 14:20 | וְהַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָלַ֣ךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ נָדָ֥ב בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And the period for which Jeroboam reigned was twenty-two years, and he lay with his fathers. And Nadab his son reigned in place of him. | period ← days. |
| 1 Ki 14:21 | וּרְחַבְעָם֙ בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וְאַחַ֣ת שָׁנָה֩ רְחַבְעָ֨ם בְּמָלְכ֜וֹ וּֽשֲׁבַ֨ע עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֣ה ׀ מָלַ֣ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הָ֠עִיר אֲשֶׁר־בָּחַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לָשׂ֨וּם אֶת־שְׁמ֥וֹ שָׁם֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ נַעֲמָ֖ה הָעַמֹּנִֽית׃ | Meanwhile Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forty-one years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the Lord chose out of all the tribes of Israel to establish his name there. And his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. |
|| 2 Chr 12:13.
meanwhile: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 14:22 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהוּדָ֛ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְקַנְא֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ מִכֹּל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּחַטֹּאתָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽאוּ׃ | And Judah did evil in the Lord's sight, and they provoked him to jealousy more than anything that their fathers did, in their sins which they committed. |
|| 2 Chr 12:14.
anything ← everything. committed ← sinned. |
| 1 Ki 14:23 | וַיִּבְנ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֧מָּה לָהֶ֛ם בָּמ֥וֹת וּמַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃ | And they too constructed for themselves idolatrous raised sites and idolatrous statues and phallic parks on every high hill and under every luxuriant tree. | |
| 1 Ki 14:24 | וְגַם־קָדֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֣ה בָאָ֑רֶץ עָשׂ֗וּ כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹעֲבֹ֣ת הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And there were also male prostitutes in the land. They committed all the abominations of the Gentiles whom the Lord had driven out before the sons of Israel. |
male prostitutes ← a male prostitute, but followed by a plural verb, and plural in 1 Ki 15:12.
all ← as all. |
| 1 Ki 14:25 | וַיְהִ֛י בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַחֲמִישִׁ֖ית לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֑ם עָלָ֛ה *שושק **שִׁישַׁ֥ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And it came to pass in the fifth year of King Rehoboam that {Q: Shishak} [K: Shushak] king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem. |
The qeré aligns the name with the spelling in 1 Ki 11:40.
|| 2 Chr 12:2. |
| 1 Ki 14:26 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־אֹצְר֣וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶת־אֽוֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל לָקָ֑ח וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־מָגִנֵּ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And he took away the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king's house. And he took everything away, and he took away all the golden shields which Solomon had made. | || 2 Chr 12:9. |
| 1 Ki 14:27 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ רְחַבְעָם֙ תַּחְתָּ֔ם מָגִנֵּ֖י נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהִפְקִ֗יד עַל־יַד֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרָצִ֔ים הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים פֶּ֖תַח בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then King Rehoboam made shields of copper instead of them, and he committed them to the care of the captains of the couriers who guarded the entrance to the king's house. |
|| 2 Chr 12:10.
care ← hand. couriers ← runners. |
| 1 Ki 14:28 | וַיְהִ֛י מִדֵּי־בֹ֥א הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה יִשָּׂאוּם֙ הָֽרָצִ֔ים וֶהֱשִׁיב֖וּם אֶל־תָּ֥א הָרָצִֽים׃ | And it was the case that every time the king went to the house of the Lord, the couriers carried them there, and then brought them back to the repository of the couriers. |
|| 2 Chr 12:11.
repository: or side-room. |
| 1 Ki 14:29 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י רְחַבְעָ֖ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣מָּה כְתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Rehoboam, and everything he did – are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 12:15. |
| 1 Ki 14:30 | וּמִלְחָמָ֨ה הָיְתָ֧ה בֵין־רְחַבְעָ֛ם וּבֵ֥ין יָרָבְעָ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the time. |
|| 2 Chr 12:15.
all the time ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 14:31 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב רְחַבְעָ֜ם עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֤ר עִם־אֲבֹתָיו֙ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔ד וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ נַעֲמָ֖ה הָעַמֹּנִ֑ית וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲבִיָּ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Rehoboam lay with his fathers, and he was buried with his fathers in the City of David. And his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. And Abijam his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:10, 2 Chr 12:16.
Abijam: spelled Abijah in 2 Chronicles. |
| 1 Ki 15:1 | וּבִשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט מָלַ֥ךְ אֲבִיָּ֖ם עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Now in the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam the son of Nebat, Abijam started to reign over Judah. | || 2 Chr 13:1. |
| 1 Ki 15:2 | שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ מַעֲכָ֖ה בַּת־אֲבִישָׁלֽוֹם׃ | He reigned for three years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. | || 2 Chr 13:2. |
| 1 Ki 15:3 | וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּכָל־חַטֹּ֥אות אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה לְפָנָ֑יו וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ | And he walked in all the sins of his father which he did before him, and his heart was not sincere with the Lord his God, as the heart of David his father was. |
sincere ← whole; at peace.
father: standing for forefather, here great grandfather. |
| 1 Ki 15:4 | כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן דָּוִ֔ד נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֥יו ל֛וֹ נִ֖יר בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְהָקִ֤ים אֶת־בְּנוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וּֽלְהַעֲמִ֖יד אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | For it was for David's sake that the Lord his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem in raising up his son after him and to establish Jerusalem, | in raising up: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 15:5 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֥ה דָוִ֛ד אֶת־הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־סָ֞ר מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֗הוּ כֹּ֚ל יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֔יו רַ֕ק בִּדְבַ֖ר אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃ | because David did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, and he did not depart from anything that he commanded him all the days of his life, except in the incident of Uriah the Hittite. |
right ← upright.
anything ← everything. |
| 1 Ki 15:6 | וּמִלְחָמָ֨ה הָיְתָ֧ה בֵין־רְחַבְעָ֛ם וּבֵ֥ין יָרָבְעָ֖ם כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ | And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of his life. |
|| 2 Chr 13:2.
Rehoboam and Jeroboam: in 2 Chr 13:2, the war is between Abijah (Rehoboam's son) and Jeroboam. |
| 1 Ki 15:7 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י אֲבִיָּם֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמִלְחָמָ֥ה הָיְתָ֛ה בֵּ֥ין אֲבִיָּ֖ם וּבֵ֥ין יָרָבְעָֽם׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Abijam, and everything he did – are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? And there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam. | || 2 Chr 13:22. |
| 1 Ki 15:8 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב אֲבִיָּם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָסָ֥א בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Abijam lay with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David, and Asa his son reigned in his place. | || 1 Chr 3:10, 2 Chr 13:23 (2 Chr 14:1AV). |
| 1 Ki 15:9 | וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְיָרָבְעָ֖ם מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֥ךְ אָסָ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Asa reigned as king of Judah. | |
| 1 Ki 15:10 | וְאַרְבָּעִ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ מַעֲכָ֖ה בַּת־אֲבִישָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And he reigned in Jerusalem for forty-one years, and his mother's name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. | |
| 1 Ki 15:11 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אָסָ֛א הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּדָוִ֖ד אָבִֽיו׃ | Now Asa did what was right in the Lord's sight, as David his father did. | || 2 Chr 14:1 (2 Chr 14:2AV). |
| 1 Ki 15:12 | וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר הַקְּדֵשִׁ֖ים מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּ֙סַר֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגִּלֻּלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And he ejected the male prostitutes from the land, and he removed all the idols which his father had made. |
|| 2 Chr 14:2 (2 Chr 14:3AV).
ejected ← transferred; removed. |
| 1 Ki 15:13 | וְגַ֣ם ׀ אֶת־מַעֲכָ֣ה אִמּ֗וֹ וַיְסִרֶ֙הָ֙ מִגְּבִירָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֥ה מִפְלֶ֖צֶת לָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיִּכְרֹ֤ת אָסָא֙ אֶת־מִפְלַצְתָּ֔הּ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֖ף בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ | And as for Maachah his mother too, he excluded her from being queen mother, because she had made a monstrosity for the phallic park. And Asa cut her monstrosity down and burnt it at the Kidron Brook. |
|| 2 Chr 15:16.
excluded ← removed. |
| 1 Ki 15:14 | וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹא־סָ֑רוּ רַ֣ק לְבַב־אָסָ֗א הָיָ֥ה שָׁלֵ֛ם עִם־יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ | But the idolatrous raised sites were not removed, yet Asa's heart was sincere with the Lord all his days. |
|| 2 Chr 15:17.
were not removed ← did not depart. Qal for passive of hiphil. sincere ← whole; at peace. |
| 1 Ki 15:15 | וַיָּבֵא֙ אֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יו *וקדשו **וְקָדְשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה כֶּ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב וְכֵלִֽים׃ | And he fetched his father's holy articles, and the holy {Q: articles} [K: article] of the house of the Lord – silver and gold and equipment. |
The ketiv also has a possessive pronoun, his / its, which would be irregular in the context.
|| 2 Chr 15:18. |
| 1 Ki 15:16 | וּמִלְחָמָ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה בֵּ֣ין אָסָ֗א וּבֵ֛ין בַּעְשָׁ֥א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל־יְמֵיהֶֽם׃ | And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. | || 2 Chr 15:19. |
| 1 Ki 15:17 | וַיַּ֨עַל בַּעְשָׁ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עַל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּ֖בֶן אֶת־הָרָמָ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֗י תֵּ֚ת יֹצֵ֣א וָבָ֔א לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and he built Ramah, in order to prevent traffic to and from Asa king of Judah. |
|| 2 Chr 16:1.
Ramah ← the Ramah. prevent traffic to and from ← not give exiting and entering. |
| 1 Ki 15:18 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אָ֠סָא אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֨סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֜ב הַֽנּוֹתָרִ֣ים ׀ בְּאוֹצְר֣וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶת־אֽוֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית *מלך **הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֞ם הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א אֶל־בֶּן־הֲ֠דַד בֶּן־טַבְרִמֹּ֤ן בֶּן־חֶזְיוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב בְּדַמֶּ֖שֶׂק לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Asa took all the silver and the gold which remained in the treasuries of the house of the Lord and the treasuries of {K: the} [Q: the] king's house, and he committed them to the care of his servants. And King Asa sent them to Ben-Hadad, the son of Tabrimon, the son of Hezion, the king of Aramaea, who was living in Damascus, and he said, |
|| 2 Chr 16:2.
committed them to the care ← gave them to the hand. living ← sitting, dwelling. |
| 1 Ki 15:19 | בְּרִית֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ בֵּ֥ין אָבִ֖י וּבֵ֣ין אָבִ֑יךָ הִנֵּה֩ שָׁלַ֨חְתִּֽי לְךָ֥ שֹׁ֙חַד֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב לֵ֣ךְ הָפֵ֗רָה אֶת־בְּרִֽיתְךָ֙ אֶת־בַּעְשָׁ֣א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיַעֲלֶ֖ה מֵעָלָֽי׃ | “There is a covenant between me and you as there was between my father and your father. Look, I have sent you a gift – silver and gold. Go and break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel so that I am rid of him.” |
|| 2 Chr 16:3.
gift: or bribe. I am rid of him ← he goes up from on me. |
| 1 Ki 15:20 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּן־הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ עַל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּנְר֔וֹת עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ | And Ben-Hadad heeded King Asa, and he sent the commanders of his forces against the cities of Israel, and he attacked Ijon and Dan and Abel-Beth-Maachah, and all of Kinnereth over all the land of Naphtali. |
|| 2 Chr 16:4.
heeded ← heard. Kinnereth ← Kinroth with AV= Cinneroth here (a plural form which we singularize and regularize). See Num 34:11 and Josh 11:2. |
| 1 Ki 15:21 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ בַּעְשָׁ֔א וַיֶּחְדַּ֕ל מִבְּנ֖וֹת אֶת־הָֽרָמָ֑ה וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּתִרְצָֽה׃ | And when Baasha heard about it, he discontinued building Ramah, and he lived in Tirzah. |
|| 2 Chr 16:5.
and when ← and it was as. Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| 1 Ki 15:22 | וְהַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אָסָ֜א הִשְׁמִ֤יעַ אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָה֙ אֵ֣ין נָקִ֔י וַיִּשְׂא֞וּ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤י הָֽרָמָה֙ וְאֶת־עֵצֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בַּעְשָׁ֑א וַיִּ֤בֶן בָּם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֔א אֶת־גֶּ֥בַע בִּנְיָמִ֖ן וְאֶת־הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | And King Asa made a proclamation to the whole of Judah – no-one was exempt – and they carried away the stones of Ramah and its timbers, with which Baasha had been building it. And King Asa built Geba of Benjamin and Mizpah with them. |
|| 2 Chr 16:6.
Ramah ... Mizpah ← the Ramah ... the Mizpah. |
| 1 Ki 15:23 | וְיֶ֣תֶר כָּל־דִּבְרֵֽי־אָ֠סָא וְכָל־גְּב֨וּרָת֜וֹ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה וְהֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֔ה הֲלֹֽא־הֵ֣מָּה כְתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה רַ֚ק לְעֵ֣ת זִקְנָת֔וֹ חָלָ֖ה אֶת־רַגְלָֽיו׃ | And the rest of all the affairs of Asa, and all his bravery, and everything he did, and the cities which he built – are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? Except that in the time of his old age, he had a disorder in his feet. |
|| 2 Chr 16:11, 2 Chr 16:12.
in his feet ← with his feet. |
| 1 Ki 15:24 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב אָסָא֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵר֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Asa lay with his fathers, and he was buried with his fathers in the City of David his father, and Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:10, 2 Chr 16:13, 2 Chr 16:14, 2 Chr 17:1.
father: standing for forefather. |
| 1 Ki 15:25 | וְנָדָ֣ב בֶּן־יָרָבְעָ֗ם מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁנָתָֽיִם׃ | And Nadab the son of Jeroboam became king over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel for two years. | |
| 1 Ki 15:26 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אָבִ֔יו וּ֨בְחַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he walked in the way of his father, and in his sin, in that he caused Israel to sin. | |
| 1 Ki 15:27 | וַיִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עָלָ֜יו בַּעְשָׁ֤א בֶן־אֲחִיָּה֙ לְבֵ֣ית יִשָּׂשכָ֔ר וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ בַעְשָׁ֔א בְּגִבְּת֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְנָדָב֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל צָרִ֖ים עַֽל־גִּבְּתֽוֹן׃ | And Baasha the son of Ahijah of the house of Issachar conspired against him, and Baasha attacked him in Gibbethon, which the Philistines had held. So Nadab and the whole of Israel besieged Gibbethon. | |
| 1 Ki 15:28 | וַיְמִתֵ֣הוּ בַעְשָׁ֔א בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁלֹ֔שׁ לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Baasha killed Nadab in the third year of Asa king of Judah, and he reigned in his place. | Nadab ← him. |
| 1 Ki 15:29 | וַיְהִ֣י כְמָלְכ֗וֹ הִכָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֔ם לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֧יר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֛ה לְיָרָבְעָ֖ם עַד־הִשְׁמִד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַד־עַבְדּ֖וֹ אֲחִיָּ֥ה הַשִּׁילֹנִֽי׃ | And it came to pass while he reigned that he struck the whole house of Jeroboam down until he had eradicated it – he did not leave anyone of Jeroboam's family with breath remaining – according to the word of the Lord which he spoke through the intermediacy of his servant Ahijah the Shilonite, |
he had eradicated it: or he had eradicated him, but it was an ongoing process.
anyone ← all. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 15:30 | עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות יָרָבְעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכַעְס֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעִ֔יס אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | because of the sins of Jeroboam which he committed, and because he caused Israel to sin by his provocative behaviour by which he provoked the Lord God of Israel. | committed ← sinned. |
| 1 Ki 15:31 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י נָדָ֖ב וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Nadab, and everything that he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 1 Ki 15:32 | וּמִלְחָמָ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה בֵּ֣ין אָסָ֗א וּבֵ֛ין בַּעְשָׁ֥א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל־יְמֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all the time. | all the time ← all the days. |
| 1 Ki 15:33 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁלֹ֔שׁ לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ בַּעְשָׁ֨א בֶן־אֲחִיָּ֤ה עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּתִרְצָ֔ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבַּ֖ע שָׁנָֽה׃ | In the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha the son of Ahijah became king over the whole of Israel in Tirzah, and he reigned for twenty-four years. | |
| 1 Ki 15:34 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם וּ֨בְחַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he walked in the way of Jeroboam and his sin by which he caused Israel to sin. | |
| 1 Ki 16:1 | וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יֵה֣וּא בֶן־חֲנָ֔נִי עַל־בַּעְשָׁ֖א לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying, | |
| 1 Ki 16:2 | יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֲרִימֹתִ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הֶ֣עָפָ֔ר וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֣ נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֗ם וַֽתַּחֲטִא֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִיסֵ֖נִי בְּחַטֹּאתָֽם׃ | “Since I raised you up from the dust and made you a prince over my people Israel, yet you walked in the way of Jeroboam and caused my people Israel to sin, so provoking me to anger with their sins, |
yet you walked: adversative use of the vav.
The sentence begins as if directly speaking to Baasha then continues in the next verse in the third person as if speaking to Jehu (who is not the later king) before ↴ |
| 1 Ki 16:3 | הִנְנִ֥י מַבְעִ֛יר אַחֲרֵ֥י בַעְשָׁ֖א וְאַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית֑וֹ וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣יתְךָ֔ כְּבֵ֖ית יָרָבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־נְבָֽט׃ | I am now about to eject Baasha and his house and make your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat. |
↳ reverting. A change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew.
I am now about to ← behold me. eject: AV differs (take away the posterity of). We take אַחֲרֵי as the linking preposition. AV takes it as a noun (posterity). |
| 1 Ki 16:4 | הַמֵּ֤ת לְבַעְשָׁא֙ בָּעִ֔יר יֹֽאכְל֖וּ הַכְּלָבִ֑ים וְהַמֵּ֥ת לוֹ֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Dogs will eat whoever of Baasha's house dies in the city, and the birds of the sky will eat whoever of his house dies in the field.” | |
| 1 Ki 16:5 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י בַעְשָׁ֛א וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה וּגְבֽוּרָת֑וֹ הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Baasha and what he did, and his bravery, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 1 Ki 16:6 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב בַּעְשָׁא֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּתִרְצָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֵלָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Baasha lay with his fathers, and he was buried in Tirzah, and Elah his son reigned in his place. | |
| 1 Ki 16:7 | וְגַ֡ם בְּיַד־יֵה֨וּא בֶן־חֲנָ֜נִי הַנָּבִ֗יא דְּבַר־יְהוָ֡ה הָיָה֩ אֶל־בַּעְשָׁ֨א וְאֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה ׀ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לְהַכְעִיסוֹ֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֔יו לִהְי֖וֹת כְּבֵ֣ית יָרָבְעָ֑ם וְעַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־הִכָּ֖ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ פ | So the word of the Lord through the intermediacy of Jehu the son of Hanani the prophet duly came about against Baasha, and against his house, both for all the evil which he did in the sight of the Lord – in provoking him to anger, in the undertakings of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam – and because he struck that house down. |
intermediacy ← hand.
duly: from גַּם, gam. Compare Ps 95:9. in provoking: gerundial use of the infinitive. undertakings ← deeds. that house ← it, or him, referring to striking Nadab down. |
| 1 Ki 16:8 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָשֵׁשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ אֵלָ֨ה בֶן־בַּעְשָׁ֧א עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּתִרְצָ֖ה שְׁנָתָֽיִם׃ | In twenty-sixth year of Asa king of Judah, Elah the son of Baasha became king over Israel in Tirzah, for two years. | |
| 1 Ki 16:9 | וַיִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ עַבְדּ֣וֹ זִמְרִ֔י שַׂ֖ר מַחֲצִ֣ית הָרָ֑כֶב וְה֤וּא בְתִרְצָה֙ שֹׁתֶ֣ה שִׁכּ֔וֹר בֵּ֣ית אַרְצָ֔א אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הַבַּ֖יִת בְּתִרְצָֽה׃ | And his servant Zimri, commander of half of his chariot fleet, conspired against him, when he was in Tirzah drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza who was in charge of the house in Tirzah. | |
| 1 Ki 16:10 | וַיָּבֹ֤א זִמְרִי֙ וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ וַיְמִיתֵ֔הוּ בִּשְׁנַת֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וָשֶׁ֔בַע לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Zimri came and struck him and killed him in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and he reigned in his place. | |
| 1 Ki 16:11 | וַיְהִ֨י בְמָלְכ֜וֹ כְּשִׁבְתּ֣וֹ עַל־כִּסְא֗וֹ הִכָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית בַּעְשָׁ֔א לֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֥יר ל֖וֹ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֑יר וְגֹאֲלָ֖יו וְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | And it came to pass when he started to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he struck the whole house of Baasha down – he did not leave him anyone who urinates against a wall, neither his kinsmen-redeemers nor his entourage. | entourage ← neighbour, companion. |
| 1 Ki 16:12 | וַיַּשְׁמֵ֣ד זִמְרִ֔י אֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֣ית בַּעְשָׁ֑א כִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֶל־בַּעְשָׁ֔א בְּיַ֖ד יֵה֥וּא הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | So Zimri eliminated the whole house of Baasha according to the word of the Lord which he spoke to Baasha through the intermediacy of Jehu the prophet, |
to Baasha: or (אֶל for עַל), against Baasha.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 16:13 | אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | for all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, which they committed and because they caused Israel to sin, by provoking the Lord God of Israel to anger with their idols. |
committed ← sinned.
by provoking: gerundial use of the infinitive. idols ← vanities, but also idols, with [AnLx]. |
| 1 Ki 16:14 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י אֵלָ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And the rest of the affairs of Elah, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 1 Ki 16:15 | בִּשְׁנַת֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֥ךְ זִמְרִ֛י שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּתִרְצָ֑ה וְהָעָ֣ם חֹנִ֔ים עַֽל־גִּבְּת֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | In the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri reigned for seven days in Tirzah, and the people encamped against Gibbethon, which the Philistines had held. | |
| 1 Ki 16:16 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ הַחֹנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר קָשַׁ֣ר זִמְרִ֔י וְגַ֖ם הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּמְלִ֣כוּ כָֽל־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֶת־עָמְרִ֨י שַׂר־צָבָ֧א עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ | And the people who were encamped heard reports saying, “Zimri has conspired and even struck the king down.” And all Israel made Omri, who was an army commander, king of Israel on that day in the encampment. | even ← also, but the scope is wider. Compare 2 Sam 17:12. |
| 1 Ki 16:17 | וַיַּעֲלֶ֥ה עָמְרִ֛י וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֖וֹ מִֽגִּבְּת֑וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־תִּרְצָֽה׃ | Then Omri and all Israel with him went up from Gibbethon, and they besieged Tirzah. | |
| 1 Ki 16:18 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּרְא֤וֹת זִמְרִי֙ כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אַרְמ֣וֹן בֵּית־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֨ף עָלָ֧יו אֶת־בֵּֽית־מֶ֛לֶךְ בָּאֵ֖שׁ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city had been captured, that he went to the palace of the king's house and burned the kings house down with fire, on top of himself, and he died | |
| 1 Ki 16:19 | עַל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֔ם וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לְהַחֲטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | for {K: his sin} [Q: his sins] which he committed by doing evil in the sight of the Lord, by walking in the way of Jeroboam and in his sin, which he committed by causing Israel to sin. |
committed (first occurrence in verse): sinned.
by doing ... by walking ... by causing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 16:20 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י זִמְרִ֔י וְקִשְׁר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר הֲלֹֽא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And the rest of the affairs of Zimri, and his conspiracy which he made, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | made ← conspired. |
| 1 Ki 16:21 | אָ֧ז יֵחָלֵ֛ק הָעָ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַחֵ֑צִי חֲצִ֨י הָעָ֜ם הָ֠יָה אַחֲרֵ֨י תִבְנִ֤י בֶן־גִּינַת֙ לְהַמְלִיכ֔וֹ וְהַחֲצִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֥י עָמְרִֽי׃ | Then the people of Israel were divided in two – half of the people were in favour of making Tibni the son of Ginath king, and half were in favour of Omri. |
two ← half.
in favour of (2x) ← after. |
| 1 Ki 16:22 | וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרֵ֣י עָמְרִ֔י אֶת־הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵ֖י תִּבְנִ֣י בֶן־גִּינַ֑ת וַיָּ֣מָת תִּבְנִ֔י וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עָמְרִֽי׃ פ | And the people who were in favour of Omri prevailed over the people who were in favour of Tibni the son of Ginath, and Tibni died, and Omri reigned. | |
| 1 Ki 16:23 | בִּשְׁנַת֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וְאַחַ֜ת שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֤ךְ עָמְרִי֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה בְּתִרְצָ֖ה מָלַ֥ךְ שֵׁשׁ־שָׁנִֽים׃ | In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Judah, Omri became king over Israel for twelve years. He reigned for six years in Tirzah. | |
| 1 Ki 16:24 | וַיִּ֜קֶן אֶת־הָהָ֥ר שֹׁמְר֛וֹן מֵ֥אֶת שֶׁ֖מֶר בְּכִכְּרַ֣יִם כָּ֑סֶף וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הָהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֔ה עַ֣ל שֶׁם־שֶׁ֔מֶר אֲדֹנֵ֖י הָהָ֥ר שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And he purchased Mount Samaria from Shemer for two talents of silver, and he built on the mountain, and he called the city which he had built after Shemer, the lord of Mount Samaria. | talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Ki 16:25 | וַיַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה עָמְרִ֛י הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּ֕רַע מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And Omri did evil in the Lord's sight, and he was worse than all those who were before him. | |
| 1 Ki 16:26 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּכָל־דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט *ובחטאתיו **וּבְחַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he walked in every way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and in {K: his sins} [Q: his sin] with which he caused Israel to sin, by provoking the Lord God of Israel to anger with their idols. |
by provoking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
idols: see 1 Ki 16:13. |
| 1 Ki 16:27 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י עָמְרִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וּגְבוּרָת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹֽא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the exploits of Omri which he undertook, and his brave acts which he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | exploits ... undertook ← things ... did. |
| 1 Ki 16:28 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָמְרִי֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אַחְאָ֥ב בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Omri lay with his fathers, and he was buried in Samaria, and Ahab his son reigned in his place. | |
| 1 Ki 16:29 | וְאַחְאָ֣ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ אַחְאָ֨ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Ahab the son of Omri became king over Israel in the thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah, and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-two years. | Ahab the son of Omri ... Ahab the son of Omri: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| 1 Ki 16:30 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַחְאָ֧ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֛י הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the Lord – more than everyone who was before him. | |
| 1 Ki 16:31 | וַיְהִי֙ הֲנָקֵ֣ל לֶכְתּ֔וֹ בְּחַטֹּ֖אות יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח אִשָּׁ֜ה אֶת־אִיזֶ֗בֶל בַּת־אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צִידֹנִ֔ים וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לֽוֹ׃ | For it really was insufficient for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and he took as his wife Jezebel, the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians, and he went his way and served Baal, and he worshipped him. |
Rev 2:20.
really: from the ↴ insufficient ← slight. Jezebel ← Izebel, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| 1 Ki 16:32 | וַיָּ֥קֶם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַבָּ֑עַל בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And he set up an altar to Baal in the house of Baal which he built in Samaria. | ↳ interrogative particle הֲ, expressing astonishment (see [BDB]). |
| 1 Ki 16:33 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וַיּ֨וֹסֶף אַחְאָ֜ב לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֨ל מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And Ahab made the phallic park, and Ahab did more to provoke the Lord God of Israel than all the kings of Israel who were before him. | |
| 1 Ki 16:34 | בְּיָמָ֞יו בָּנָ֥ה חִיאֵ֛ל בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלִ֖י אֶת־יְרִיחֹ֑ה בַּאֲבִירָ֨ם בְּכֹר֜וֹ יִסְּדָ֗הּ *ובשגיב **וּבִשְׂג֤וּב צְעִירוֹ֙ הִצִּ֣יב דְּלָתֶ֔יהָ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ ס | In his days Hiel, a Beth-Elite, built Jericho. He founded it paid for by Abiram his firstborn, and he set up its gates paid for by {Q: Segub} [K: Segib] his younger son, according to the word of the Lord which he had spoken through the intermediacy of Joshua the son of Nun. |
built: or rebuilt.
paid for by (2x): the meaning is not certain. intermediacy ← hand. Joshua: see Josh 6:26. |
| 1 Ki 17:1 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֜י מִתֹּשָׁבֵ֣י גִלְעָד֮ אֶל־אַחְאָב֒ חַי־יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָמַ֣דְתִּי לְפָנָ֔יו אִם־יִהְיֶ֛ה הַשָּׁנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה טַ֣ל וּמָטָ֑ר כִּ֖י אִם־לְפִ֥י דְבָרִֽי׃ ס | And Elijah the Tishbite, an inhabitant of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the Lord God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, there certainly will not be any dew or rain for the coming years, but it will be according to my word.” |
Rev 11:6.
an inhabitant of ← from the inhabitants of, a play on words with Tishbite. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. there certainly will not be ← if there is, standing ↴ the coming ← these. |
| 1 Ki 17:2 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֥יו לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to him and said, | ↳ for if there is ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Ki 17:3 | לֵ֣ךְ מִזֶּ֔ה וּפָנִ֥יתָ לְּךָ֖ קֵ֑דְמָה וְנִסְתַּרְתָּ֙ בְּנַ֣חַל כְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | “Depart from here and turn to the east, and hide at Cherith Brook which is alongside the Jordan. |
turn ← turn for yourself.
Cherith Brook ... alongside: or ... in front of. The Cherith is a tributary to the east of the Jordan, on the same side as Tishbe (Elijah's town). |
| 1 Ki 17:4 | וְהָיָ֖ה מֵהַנַּ֣חַל תִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְאֶת־הָעֹרְבִ֣ים צִוִּ֔יתִי לְכַלְכֶּלְךָ֖ שָֽׁם׃ | And it will come to pass that you will drink from the brook, and I have commanded the ravens to sustain you there.” | |
| 1 Ki 17:5 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּנַ֣חַל כְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | So he departed according to the word of the Lord, and he went away and stayed at the Cherith Brook which is alongside the Jordan. | alongside: see 1 Ki 17:3. |
| 1 Ki 17:6 | וְהָעֹרְבִ֗ים מְבִיאִ֨ים ל֜וֹ לֶ֤חֶם וּבָשָׂר֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְלֶ֥חֶם וּבָשָׂ֖ר בָּעָ֑רֶב וּמִן־הַנַּ֖חַל יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | And the ravens would bring him bread and meat in the morning, and bread and meat in the evening, and he drank from the brook. | |
| 1 Ki 17:7 | וַיְהִ֛י מִקֵּ֥ץ יָמִ֖ים וַיִּיבַ֣שׁ הַנָּ֑חַל כִּ֛י לֹֽא־הָיָ֥ה גֶ֖שֶׁם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And it came to pass after several days that the brook dried up, for there had been no rain in the land. | |
| 1 Ki 17:8 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֥יו לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to him and said, | |
| 1 Ki 17:9 | ק֣וּם לֵ֤ךְ צָרְפַ֙תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְצִיד֔וֹן וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֖ שָׁ֑ם הִנֵּ֨ה צִוִּ֥יתִי שָׁ֛ם אִשָּׁ֥ה אַלְמָנָ֖ה לְכַלְכְּלֶֽךָ׃ | “Arise and go to Zarephath, which is subservient to Sidon, and stay there. Look, I have instructed a widow there to sustain you.” |
Zarephath: Sarepta in Luke 4:26, where this incident is mentioned.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. widow ← widow woman. |
| 1 Ki 17:10 | וַיָּ֣קָם ׀ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ צָרְפַ֗תָה וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הָעִ֔יר וְהִנֵּֽה־שָׁ֛ם אִשָּׁ֥ה אַלְמָנָ֖ה מְקֹשֶׁ֣שֶׁת עֵצִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר קְחִי־נָ֨א לִ֧י מְעַט־מַ֛יִם בַּכְּלִ֖י וְאֶשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | So he arose and went to Zarephath, and he arrived at the entrance to the city, and what he saw was a widow there gathering wood, and he called out to her and said, “Please get me a little water in a cup for me to drink.” |
what he saw was ← behold.
cup ← vessel, article. for me to drink: with the purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 17:11 | וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ לָקַ֑חַת וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר לִֽקְחִי־נָ֥א לִ֛י פַּת־לֶ֖חֶם בְּיָדֵֽךְ׃ | Then as she went to get it, he called out to her, “Please bring a piece of bread for me with you.” | with you ← in your hand. |
| 1 Ki 17:12 | וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אִם־יֶשׁ־לִ֣י מָע֔וֹג כִּ֣י אִם־מְלֹ֤א כַף־קֶ֙מַח֙ בַּכַּ֔ד וּמְעַט־שֶׁ֖מֶן בַּצַּפָּ֑חַת וְהִנְנִ֨י מְקֹשֶׁ֜שֶׁת שְׁנַ֣יִם עֵצִ֗ים וּבָ֙אתִי֙ וַעֲשִׂיתִ֙יהוּ֙ לִ֣י וְלִבְנִ֔י וַאֲכַלְנֻ֖הוּ וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ | And she said, “As the Lord your God lives, I certainly do not have any cake, except a handful of flour in a jar, and a little oil in a jug, and you see that I am gathering a couple of sticks, so that I can go and prepare it for myself and for my son, so we can eat it and die.” |
I certainly do not have ← if I have, standing for if I have ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
you see that I am ← behold me. so that ... so: purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 17:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלֶ֤יהָ אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י בֹּ֖אִי עֲשִׂ֣י כִדְבָרֵ֑ךְ אַ֣ךְ עֲשִׂי־לִ֣י מִ֠שָּׁם עֻגָ֨ה קְטַנָּ֤ה בָרִאשֹׁנָה֙ וְהוֹצֵ֣אתְ לִ֔י וְלָ֣ךְ וְלִבְנֵ֔ךְ תַּעֲשִׂ֖י בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ ס | Then Elijah said to her, “Do not be afraid. Go off and do what you have said, but make me a small cake from it first, and bring it out to me, and afterwards make something for yourself and your son. |
what you have said ← according to your word.
from it ← from there. |
| 1 Ki 17:14 | כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּ֤ד הַקֶּ֙מַח֙ לֹ֣א תִכְלָ֔ה וְצַפַּ֥חַת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לֹ֣א תֶחְסָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֧וֹם *תתן־**תֵּת־יְהוָ֛ה גֶּ֖שֶׁם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘The jar of flour will not become exhausted, and the jug of oil will not run out, before the Lord gives rain over the ground.’ ” |
gives: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, seen in 1 Ki 6:19.
this is what ← thus. over ← on the face of. |
| 1 Ki 17:15 | וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וַתֹּ֧אכַל *הוא־*והיא **הִֽיא־**וָה֛וּא וּבֵיתָ֖הּ יָמִֽים׃ | Then she went and did according to Elijah's words, and {Q: she and he} [K: he and she] and her household ate from it for many days. |
The ketiv is discordant with the verb.
words ← word. |
| 1 Ki 17:16 | כַּ֤ד הַקֶּ֙מַח֙ לֹ֣א כָלָ֔תָה וְצַפַּ֥חַת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן לֹ֣א חָסֵ֑ר כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר בְּיַ֥ד אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ פ | The jar of flour did not become exhausted, and the jug of oil did not run out, according with the word of the Lord which he spoke through the intermediacy of Elijah. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Ki 17:17 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה חָלָ֕ה בֶּן־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה בַּעֲלַ֣ת הַבָּ֑יִת וַיְהִ֤י חָלְיוֹ֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־נֽוֹתְרָה־בּ֖וֹ נְשָׁמָֽה׃ | Then it came to pass after these things that the son of the woman who was the mistress of the household became ill, and his illness was so serious that there was no breath left in him. | |
| 1 Ki 17:18 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ מַה־לִּ֥י וָלָ֖ךְ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּ֧אתָ אֵלַ֛י לְהַזְכִּ֥יר אֶת־עֲוֺנִ֖י וּלְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־בְּנִֽי׃ | And she said to Elijah, “What have I got to do with you, O man of God? Have you come to bring my iniquity to remembrance and to kill my son?” | what have I got to do with you ← what to me and to you. |
| 1 Ki 17:19 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלֶ֖יהָ תְּנִֽי־לִ֣י אֶת־בְּנֵ֑ךְ וַיִּקָּחֵ֣הוּ מֵחֵיקָ֗הּ וַֽיַּעֲלֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב שָׁ֔ם וַיַּשְׁכִּבֵ֖הוּ עַל־מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ | And he said to her, “Give me your son.” And he took him from her bosom, and he took him up to the upstairs room where he stayed, and he laid him on his bed. | |
| 1 Ki 17:20 | וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י הֲ֠גַם עַל־הָאַלְמָנָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֨י מִתְגּוֹרֵ֥ר עִמָּ֛הּ הֲרֵע֖וֹתָ לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־בְּנָֽהּ׃ | And he called on the Lord and said, “O Lord my God, have you really done harm to the widow with whom I am lodging, by killing her son?” |
really ← also, but with wider usage. Compare 1 Sam 22:7.
by killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 17:21 | וַיִּתְמֹדֵ֤ד עַל־הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֔ים וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י תָּ֥שָׁב נָ֛א נֶֽפֶשׁ־הַיֶּ֥לֶד הַזֶּ֖ה עַל־קִרְבּֽוֹ׃ | And he stretched out over the child three times, and he called out to the Lord and said, “O Lord my God, please may the life of this child return within him.” |
life ← soul.
within him ← to his inside. |
| 1 Ki 17:22 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וַתָּ֧שָׁב נֶֽפֶשׁ־הַיֶּ֛לֶד עַל־קִרְבּ֖וֹ וַיֶּֽחִי׃ | And the Lord heeded Elijah, and the child's life returned within him, and he lived. |
heeded ← heard the voice of.
life ← soul. within him ← to his inside. |
| 1 Ki 17:23 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֶת־הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַיֹּרִדֵ֤הוּ מִן־הָעֲלִיָּה֙ הַבַּ֔יְתָה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ רְאִ֖י חַ֥י בְּנֵֽךְ׃ | Then Elijah took hold of the child and brought him down from the upstairs room into the main house, and he gave him to his mother. And Elijah said, “Look, your son is alive.” | |
| 1 Ki 17:24 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ עַתָּה֙ זֶ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אָ֑תָּה וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֥ה בְּפִ֖יךָ אֱמֶֽת׃ פ | And the woman said to Elijah, “Now I really know that you are a man of God, and the word of the Lord in your mouth is true.” |
I really know ← now this I know. Compare Gen 27:24.
true ← truth. |
| 1 Ki 18:1 | וַיְהִי֙ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה הָיָה֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ית לֵאמֹ֑ר לֵ֚ךְ הֵרָאֵ֣ה אֶל־אַחְאָ֔ב וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה מָטָ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And it came to pass after many days that the word of the Lord came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, “Go and show yourself to Ahab, and I will give rain over the ground.” |
show yourself ← be seen; appear.
over ← on the face of. |
| 1 Ki 18:2 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ לְהֵרָא֖וֹת אֶל־אַחְאָ֑ב וְהָרָעָ֖ב חָזָ֥ק בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | So Elijah went to show himself to Ahab. Now the famine was severe in Samaria. | show himself ← be seen; appear. |
| 1 Ki 18:3 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א אַחְאָ֔ב אֶל־עֹבַדְיָ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְעֹבַדְיָ֗הוּ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֛א אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And Ahab called for Obadiah who was in charge of the house. And Obadiah feared the Lord greatly. | |
| 1 Ki 18:4 | וַיְהִי֙ בְּהַכְרִ֣ית אִיזֶ֔בֶל אֵ֖ת נְבִיאֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֨ח עֹבַדְיָ֜הוּ מֵאָ֣ה נְבִאִ֗ים וַֽיַּחְבִּיאֵ֞ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וְכִלְכְּלָ֖ם לֶ֥חֶם וָמָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass, when Jezebel cut the Lord's prophets off, that Obadiah took a hundred prophets and hid them – fifty men to a cave – and sustained them with food and water. | food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 18:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־עֹ֣בַדְיָ֔הוּ לֵ֤ךְ בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶל־כָּל־מַעְיְנֵ֣י הַמַּ֔יִם וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־הַנְּחָלִ֑ים אוּלַ֣י ׀ נִמְצָ֣א חָצִ֗יר וּנְחַיֶּה֙ ס֣וּס וָפֶ֔רֶד וְל֥וֹא נַכְרִ֖ית מֵהַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ | And Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go into the land, to all the sources of water, and to all the brooks. Maybe we will find pasture, and we will be able to revive our horses and mules, and we won't have to cull our cattle.” | horses and mules ← horse and mule. Collective usage. |
| 1 Ki 18:6 | וַֽיְחַלְּק֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לַֽעֲבָר־בָּ֑הּ אַחְאָ֞ב הָלַ֨ךְ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ וְעֹֽבַדְיָ֛הוּ הָלַ֥ךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ־אֶחָ֖ד לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | Then they divided up the land, so as to cover it. Ahab went by one road on his own, while Obadiah went by another road on his own. |
to cover ← to cross, crisscross, and so have good coverage of.
one ... another ← one ... one. |
| 1 Ki 18:7 | וַיְהִ֤י עֹבַדְיָ֙הוּ֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיַּכִּרֵ֙הוּ֙ וַיִּפֹּ֣ל עַל־פָּנָ֔יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה אֲדֹנִ֥י אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And it came to pass while Obadiah was on the road that, as it happened, Elijah came towards him, and he recognized him, and he fell face down and said, “Is it really you, my lord Elijah?” |
as it happened ← behold.
face down ← on his face. is it really you ← (are) you this. |
| 1 Ki 18:8 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ אָ֑נִי לֵ֛ךְ אֱמֹ֥ר לַאדֹנֶ֖יךָ הִנֵּ֥ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And he said to him, “I am. Go and say to your lord, ‘Behold, Elijah is here.’ ” | |
| 1 Ki 18:9 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה חָטָ֑אתִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה נֹתֵ֧ן אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֛ בְּיַד־אַחְאָ֖ב לַהֲמִיתֵֽנִי׃ | And he said, “In what way have I sinned that you should hand your servant over to Ahab, so as to put me to death? | hand your servant over to ← put your servant in the hand of. |
| 1 Ki 18:10 | חַ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אִם־יֶשׁ־גּ֤וֹי וּמַמְלָכָה֙ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־שָׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִ֥י שָׁם֙ לְבַקֶּשְׁךָ֔ וְאָמְר֖וּ אָ֑יִן וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יעַ אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ וְאֶת־הַגּ֔וֹי כִּ֖י לֹ֥א יִמְצָאֶֽכָּה׃ | As the Lord your God lives, there is certainly no nation or kingdom to which my lord has not sent scouts to search for you, and they have said, ‘He is not there.’ And he made the kingdom or the nation swear that they had not found you. | there is certainly no nation ← if there is a nation, standing for if there is ... may God do this to me. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 1 Ki 18:11 | וְעַתָּ֖ה אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֑ר לֵ֛ךְ אֱמֹ֥ר לַאדֹנֶ֖יךָ הִנֵּ֥ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And now you say, ‘Go and say to your lord, «Behold, Elijah is here.» ’ | |
| 1 Ki 18:12 | וְהָיָ֞ה אֲנִ֣י ׀ אֵלֵ֣ךְ מֵאִתָּ֗ךְ וְר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ יִֽשָּׂאֲךָ֙ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־אֵדָ֔ע וּבָ֨אתִי לְהַגִּ֧יד לְאַחְאָ֛ב וְלֹ֥א יִֽמְצָאֲךָ֖ וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי וְעַבְדְּךָ֛ יָרֵ֥א אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽי׃ | And it will come to pass, when I depart from you, while the spirit of the Lord takes you to somewhere I don't know, while I have gone to tell Ahab, and when he doesn't find you, that he will kill me. And your servant has feared the Lord from my youth. | takes ← carries. |
| 1 Ki 18:13 | הֲלֹֽא־הֻגַּ֤ד לַֽאדֹנִי֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֔יתִי בַּהֲרֹ֣ג אִיזֶ֔בֶל אֵ֖ת נְבִיאֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וָאַחְבִּא֩ מִנְּבִיאֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה מֵ֣אָה אִ֗ישׁ חֲמִשִּׁ֨ים חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וָאֲכַלְכְּלֵ֖ם לֶ֥חֶם וָמָֽיִם׃ | Was it not reported to my lord, what I did when Jezebel killed the Lord's prophets, when I hid one hundred men of the Lord's prophets, in groups of fifty men to a cave, and I sustained them with food and water? |
in groups of fifty ← fifty fifty.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 18:14 | וְעַתָּה֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר לֵ֛ךְ אֱמֹ֥ר לַֽאדֹנֶ֖יךָ הִנֵּ֣ה אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וַהֲרָגָֽנִי׃ ס | Yet now you say, ‘Go and say to your lord, «Behold, Elijah is here» ’, and he will kill me.” | |
| 1 Ki 18:15 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ חַ֚י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָמַ֖דְתִּי לְפָנָ֑יו כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם אֵרָאֶ֥ה אֵלָֽיו׃ | Then Elijah said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, in whose presence I stand, I will certainly show myself to him today.” | show myself ← be seen; appear. |
| 1 Ki 18:16 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ עֹבַדְיָ֛הוּ לִקְרַ֥את אַחְאָ֖ב וַיַּגֶּד־ל֑וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אַחְאָ֖ב לִקְרַ֥את אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | Then Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and he told him, and Ahab went to meet Elijah. | meet (2x) ← towards. |
| 1 Ki 18:17 | וַיְהִ֛י כִּרְא֥וֹת אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֵלָ֔יו הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֹכֵ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said to him, “Are you the one who is causing sorrow to Israel?” | the one who ← this. |
| 1 Ki 18:18 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א עָכַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י אִם־אַתָּ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ בַּֽעֲזָבְכֶם֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | And he said, “I have not caused Israel sorrow, but rather you have, and the house of your father, in that you have forsaken the Lord's commandments and have walked after the idols of Baal. | the idols of Baal ← the Baalim or the Baals. |
| 1 Ki 18:19 | וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח קְבֹ֥ץ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וְאֶת־נְבִיאֵ֨י הַבַּ֜עַל אַרְבַּ֧ע מֵא֣וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים וּנְבִיאֵ֤י הָֽאֲשֵׁרָה֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת אֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחַ֥ן אִיזָֽבֶל׃ | So now, send men to gather the whole of Israel to me at Mount Carmel, including Baal's prophets – four hundred and fifty of them – and the prophets of the phallic park – four hundred of them – who eat at Jezebel's table.” |
phallic park: AV differs (groves), plural.
who eat at ← eaters of. |
| 1 Ki 18:20 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אַחְאָ֖ב בְּכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ץ אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֶל־הַ֥ר הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃ | And Ahab sent men to all the sons of Israel, and he gathered the prophets at Mount Carmel. | at Mount Carmel ← to Mount Carmel. |
| 1 Ki 18:21 | וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ עַד־מָתַ֞י אַתֶּ֣ם פֹּסְחִים֮ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַסְּעִפִּים֒ אִם־יְהוָ֤ה הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְכ֣וּ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְאִם־הַבַּ֖עַל לְכ֣וּ אַחֲרָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־עָנ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֹת֖וֹ דָּבָֽר׃ | Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you flit between two positions? If the Lord is God, follow him. And if Baal is, follow him.” And the people didn't answer him anything. |
flit ← leap, skip.
positions: or branches. anything: or a word. |
| 1 Ki 18:22 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אֲנִ֞י נוֹתַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדִּ֑י וּנְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֔עַל אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃ | Then Elijah said to the people, “I alone have remained a prophet to the Lord, but the prophets of Baal are four hundred and fifty in number. | four hundred and fifty ← four hundred and fifty men. |
| 1 Ki 18:23 | וְיִתְּנוּ־לָ֜נוּ שְׁנַ֣יִם פָּרִ֗ים וְיִבְחֲר֣וּ לָהֶם֩ הַפָּ֨ר הָאֶחָ֜ד וִֽינַתְּחֻ֗הוּ וְיָשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֣א יָשִׂ֑ימוּ וַאֲנִ֞י אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַפָּ֣ר הָאֶחָ֗ד וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א אָשִֽׂים׃ | So let them give us two bulls, and they can choose one bull and divide it in pieces and put it on wood, but they will not apply fire, and I will attend to the other bull, and I will put it on the wood, but I will not apply fire. | one ... the other ← the one ... the other. |
| 1 Ki 18:24 | וּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֶקְרָ֣א בְשֵׁם־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲנֶ֥ה בָאֵ֖שׁ ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֧עַן כָּל־הָעָ֛ם וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ ט֥וֹב הַדָּבָֽר׃ | And you will call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord, and it will be the case that the god who answers with fire is God.” And all the people answered and said, “The proposal is good.” | proposal ← word, matter. |
| 1 Ki 18:25 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ לִנְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֗עַל בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם הַפָּ֤ר הָֽאֶחָד֙ וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רִאשֹׁנָ֔ה כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֖ם הָרַבִּ֑ים וְקִרְאוּ֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א תָשִֽׂימוּ׃ | Then Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose the first bull and attend to it first, for you are many, and call on the name of your god, but do not apply fire.” | choose ← choose for yourselves. |
| 1 Ki 18:26 | וַ֠יִּקְחוּ אֶת־הַפָּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣ן לָהֶם֮ וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֒ וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ בְשֵׁם־הַ֠בַּעַל מֵהַבֹּ֨קֶר וְעַד־הַצָּהֳרַ֤יִם לֵאמֹר֙ הַבַּ֣עַל עֲנֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַֽיְפַסְּח֔וּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | So they took the bull which they selected, and they attended to it, and they called on the name of Baal from morning to noon, saying, “O Baal, answer us”, but there was no voice and no-one answering. And they leapt over the altar which had been made. |
had been made: either re-point to pual, or read as one had made. Pual of this verb in Ps 139:15.
selected ← gave themselves. |
| 1 Ki 18:27 | וַיְהִ֨י בַֽצָּהֳרַ֜יִם וַיְהַתֵּ֧ל בָּהֶ֣ם אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ קִרְא֤וּ בְקוֹל־גָּדוֹל֙ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים ה֔וּא כִּ֣י שִׂ֧יחַ וְכִֽי־שִׂ֛יג ל֖וֹ וְכִֽי־דֶ֣רֶךְ ל֑וֹ אוּלַ֛י יָשֵׁ֥ן ה֖וּא וְיִקָֽץ׃ | And it came to pass at noon that Elijah mocked them and said, “Call out in a loud voice, for he is a god. Either he is in conversation, or he is in seclusion, he is on a journey, or perhaps he is asleep and will wake up.” | |
| 1 Ki 18:28 | וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וַיִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בַּחֲרָב֖וֹת וּבָֽרְמָחִ֑ים עַד־שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | So they called out in a loud voice, and they made incisions on themselves according to their custom, with swords and with spears, until they had shed blood over themselves. | |
| 1 Ki 18:29 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כַּעֲבֹ֣ר הַֽצָּהֳרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֔וּ עַ֖ד לַעֲל֣וֹת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וְאֵֽין־ק֥וֹל וְאֵין־עֹנֶ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין קָֽשֶׁב׃ | Then it came to pass, when noon had passed, that they prophesied until the time of the meal-offering, but there was no voice, and no-one answering, and no attention paid. | until the time of ← until to offer up. |
| 1 Ki 18:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֤הוּ לְכָל־הָעָם֙ גְּשׁ֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וַיִּגְּשׁ֥וּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֵלָ֑יו וַיְרַפֵּ֛א אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה הֶהָרֽוּס׃ | Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come near to me.” And all the people came near to him, and he repaired the altar of the Lord which had been demolished. | |
| 1 Ki 18:31 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, “Your name will be Israel.” | |
| 1 Ki 18:32 | וַיִּבְנֶ֧ה אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מִזְבֵּ֖חַ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂ תְּעָלָ֗ה כְּבֵית֙ סָאתַ֣יִם זֶ֔רַע סָבִ֖יב לַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And he fashioned the stones into an altar in the name of the Lord, and he dug a trench around the altar with the capacity of about two seahs of seed. |
fashioned ← built.
dug ← made. seah: about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| 1 Ki 18:33 | וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הָֽעֵצִ֑ים וַיְנַתַּח֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֔ר וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ | And he arranged the wood, and he divided the bull in pieces, and he put them on the wood. | Verse division: part of 1 Ki 18:34MT is in 1 Ki 18:33AV. |
| 1 Ki 18:34 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִלְא֨וּ אַרְבָּעָ֤ה כַדִּים֙ מַ֔יִם וְיִֽצְק֥וּ עַל־הָעֹלָ֖ה וְעַל־הָעֵצִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁנוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁנ֔וּ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שַׁלֵּ֖שׁוּ וַיְשַׁלֵּֽשׁוּ׃ | Then he said, “Fill four jars with water, and pour it on the burnt offering and on the wood.” ¶ And he said, “Do it again.” And they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” And they did it a third time. |
¶ Verse division: part of 1 Ki 18:34MT is in 1 Ki 18:33AV.
do it again ... did it again ← do (it) a second time ... did (it) second time. |
| 1 Ki 18:35 | וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם סָבִ֖יב לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְגַ֥ם אֶת־הַתְּעָלָ֖ה מִלֵּא־מָֽיִם׃ | And the water ran around the altar, and he also filled the trench with water. | |
| 1 Ki 18:36 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּעֲל֣וֹת הַמִּנְחָ֗ה וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אֵלִיָּ֣הוּ הַנָּבִיא֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָם֙ יִצְחָ֣ק וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיּ֣וֹם יִוָּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־אַתָּ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַאֲנִ֣י עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ *ובדבריך **וּבִדְבָרְךָ֣ עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And it came to pass, when the meal-offering was offered, that Elijah the prophet came near and said, “Lord God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel, and that I am your servant, and that it will be by your {K: words} [Q: word] that I will have done all these things. | |
| 1 Ki 18:37 | עֲנֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ עֲנֵ֔נִי וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאַתָּ֛ה הֲסִבֹּ֥תָ אֶת־לִבָּ֖ם אֲחֹרַנִּֽית׃ | Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so that this people may know that you are the Lord God and that it is you who will have turned their heart back.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 18:38 | וַתִּפֹּ֣ל אֵשׁ־יְהוָ֗ה וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֖ים וְאֶת־הֶעָפָ֑ר וְאֶת־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּתְּעָלָ֖ה לִחֵֽכָה׃ | Then the Lord's fire fell down and consumed the burnt offering, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water which was in the trench. | |
| 1 Ki 18:39 | וַיַּרְא֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And all the people saw it, and they fell face down and said, “The Lord is God; the Lord is God.” | face down ← on their faces. |
| 1 Ki 18:40 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ לָהֶ֜ם תִּפְשׂ֣וּ ׀ אֶת־נְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֗עַל אִ֛ישׁ אַל־יִמָּלֵ֥ט מֵהֶ֖ם וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם וַיּוֹרִדֵ֤ם אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֔וֹן וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | And Elijah said to them, “Seize the prophets of Baal. Do not let any of them escape.” So they seized them, and Elijah brought them down to the Kishon Brook, and he slaughtered them there. | any ← a man. |
| 1 Ki 18:41 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ לְאַחְאָ֔ב עֲלֵ֖ה אֱכֹ֣ל וּשְׁתֵ֑ה כִּי־ק֖וֹל הֲמ֥וֹן הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ | And Elijah said to Ahab, “Go up and eat and drink, for there is the sound of a large quantity of rain.” | |
| 1 Ki 18:42 | וַיַּעֲלֶ֥ה אַחְאָ֖ב לֶאֱכֹ֣ל וְלִשְׁתּ֑וֹת וְאֵ֨לִיָּ֜הוּ עָלָ֨ה אֶל־רֹ֤אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶל֙ וַיִּגְהַ֣ר אַ֔רְצָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם פָּנָ֖יו בֵּ֥ין *ברכו **בִּרְכָּֽיו׃ | So Ahab went up to eat and drink, and Elijah went up to the peak of Carmel, and he bent down facing the ground and put his head between his knees. |
knees: the ketiv is strictly speaking knee, but it could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| 1 Ki 18:43 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶֽל־נַעֲר֗וֹ עֲלֵֽה־נָא֙ הַבֵּ֣ט דֶּֽרֶךְ־יָ֔ם וַיַּ֙עַל֙ וַיַּבֵּ֔ט וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵ֣ין מְא֑וּמָה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שֻׁ֖ב שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ | And he said to his servant-lad, “Go up now and look in the direction of the sea.” So he went up, and he looked, and he said, “There is nothing there.” Then he said, “Do it again, seven times.” | direction ← way. |
| 1 Ki 18:44 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּשְּׁבִעִ֔ית וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה־עָ֛ב קְטַנָּ֥ה כְּכַף־אִ֖ישׁ עֹלָ֣ה מִיָּ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עֲלֵ֨ה אֱמֹ֤ר אֶל־אַחְאָב֙ אֱסֹ֣ר וָרֵ֔ד וְלֹ֥א יַעַצָרְכָ֖ה הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ | And it came to pass on the seventh time that he said, “There is a small cloud like a man's palm arising out of the sea.” And he said, “Go up and say to Ahab, ‘Harness your chariot and go down, and may the rain not stop you.’ ” | there is ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 18:45 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ עַד־כֹּ֣ה וְעַד־כֹּ֗ה וְהַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ עָבִ֣ים וְר֔וּחַ וַיְהִ֖י גֶּ֣שֶׁם גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב אַחְאָ֖ב וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ | And it came to pass meanwhile that the sky darkened with clouds, and there was wind, and there was heavy rain. And Ahab was riding, and going to Jezreel. | Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 18:46 | וְיַד־יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ וַיְשַׁנֵּ֖ס מָתְנָ֑יו וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אַחְאָ֔ב עַד־בֹּאֲכָ֖ה יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ | And the hand of the Lord was on Elijah, and he girded up his loins and ran before Ahab to where one enters Jezreel. |
one enters ← you enter.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 19:1 | וַיַּגֵּ֤ד אַחְאָב֙ לְאִיזֶ֔בֶל אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֛ג אֶת־כָּל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | And Ahab told Jezebel everything that Elijah had done, and everything about how he had killed all the prophets by the sword. | about how ← that. |
| 1 Ki 19:2 | וַתִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִיזֶ֙בֶל֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֤וּן אֱלֹהִים֙ וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִפ֔וּן כִּֽי־כָעֵ֤ת מָחָר֙ אָשִׂ֣ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֔ כְּנֶ֖פֶשׁ אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃ | Then Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah to say, “May the gods do this to me and add to it if at this time tomorrow I don't make your life like one of their lives.” |
gods: the verb is plural.
this ... it ← thus ... thus. if ... I don't: the conjunction כִּי, ki, can mean if or if not. See [AnLx]. life ... lives ← soul ... soul. |
| 1 Ki 19:3 | וַיַּ֗רְא וַיָּ֙קָם֙ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֶל־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֕א בְּאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּנַּ֥ח אֶֽת־נַעֲר֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ | Then when he saw the message, he arose and fled for his life, and he arrived in Beersheba, which belongs to Judah. And he left his servant-lad there, |
fled ← went.
life ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 19:4 | וְהֽוּא־הָלַ֤ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ י֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם *אחת **אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ רַ֗ב עַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ קַ֣ח נַפְשִׁ֔י כִּֽי־לֹא־ט֥וֹב אָנֹכִ֖י מֵאֲבֹתָֽי׃ | while he went into the desert – a day's journey – and he came and sat under a broom shrub. And he asked for his life to end, and he said, “It is enough now, O Lord. Take my life, for I am no better than my fathers.” |
a broom shrub ← one broom (shrub). The ketiv is feminine; the qeré masculine.
life (2x) ← soul. to end ← die. |
| 1 Ki 19:5 | וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ וַיִּישַׁ֔ן תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה מַלְאָךְ֙ נֹגֵ֣עַ בּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ק֥וּם אֱכֽוֹל׃ | Then he lay down and fell asleep under a broom shrub, and what then happened was that an angel touched him and said to him, “Get up and eat.” | what then happened was that ← behold this. |
| 1 Ki 19:6 | וַיַּבֵּ֕ט וְהִנֵּ֧ה מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֛יו עֻגַ֥ת רְצָפִ֖ים וְצַפַּ֣חַת מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ | And he looked, and there was at his head-end a stone-baked cake and a jug of water. And he ate and drank, then he lay down again. |
there was ← behold.
stone-baked: AV differs (baken on coals), an alternative given in [AnLx]. |
| 1 Ki 19:7 | וַיָּשָׁב֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ וַיִּגַּע־בּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר ק֣וּם אֱכֹ֑ל כִּ֛י רַ֥ב מִמְּךָ֖ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | And the angel of the Lord touched him a second time and said, “Get up and eat, for otherwise the journey will be too much for you.” | touched him a second time ← repeated a second time and touched him. Alternatively, returned and touched him a second time. |
| 1 Ki 19:8 | וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ בְּכֹ֣חַ ׀ הָאֲכִילָ֣ה הַהִ֗יא אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה עַ֛ד הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽב׃ | So he got up and ate and drank and proceeded in the strength of that food for forty days and forty nights to Horeb, the mountain of God. | |
| 1 Ki 19:9 | וַיָּבֹא־שָׁ֥ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיָּ֣לֶן שָׁ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And he went to the cave there and spent the night there, and what happened was that the word of the Lord came to him, and he said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” | what happened was that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 19:10 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ קַנֹּ֨א קִנֵּ֜אתִי לַיהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צְבָא֗וֹת כִּֽי־עָזְב֤וּ בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ הָרְג֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב וָֽאִוָּתֵ֤ר אֲנִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י וַיְבַקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ | And he said, “I have been extremely zealous for the Lord God of hosts, but the sons of Israel have forsaken your covenant. They have demolished your altars, and they have killed your prophets by the sword, and I remain on my own, and they are trying to take my life.” |
Rom 11:3.
I have been extremely zealous: infinitive absolute. but: or for. trying to take my life ← seeking my soul, to take it. |
| 1 Ki 19:11 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר צֵ֣א וְעָמַדְתָּ֣ בָהָר֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֣ה עֹבֵ֗ר וְר֣וּחַ גְּדוֹלָ֡ה וְחָזָ֞ק מְפָרֵק֩ הָרִ֨ים וּמְשַׁבֵּ֤ר סְלָעִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א בָר֖וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְאַחַ֤ר הָר֨וּחַ רַ֔עַשׁ לֹ֥א בָרַ֖עַשׁ יְהוָֽה׃ | And he said, “Go out and stand at the mountain before the Lord.” And what happened next was that the Lord passed by, and a strong and powerful wind chipped away at the mountains and shattered rocks before the Lord. But the Lord was not in the wind. And after the wind there was an earthquake. But the Lord was not in the earthquake. | what happened next was that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 19:12 | וְאַחַ֤ר הָרַ֙עַשׁ֙ אֵ֔שׁ לֹ֥א בָאֵ֖שׁ יְהוָ֑ה וְאַחַ֣ר הָאֵ֔שׁ ק֖וֹל דְּמָמָ֥ה דַקָּֽה׃ | And after the earthquake came fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. And after the fire came a quiet, faint voice. | a quiet, faint voice ← a voice of fine silence. |
| 1 Ki 19:13 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיָּ֤לֶט פָּנָיו֙ בְּאַדַּרְתּ֔וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֕א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ ק֔וֹל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹ֖ה אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And it came to pass, when Elijah heard it, that he covered his face with his cloak and went out and stood at the entrance to the cave, and what happened was that a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” | what happened was that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 19:14 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ קַנֹּ֨א קִנֵּ֜אתִי לַיהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צְבָא֗וֹת כִּֽי־עָזְב֤וּ בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ הָרְג֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב וָאִוָּתֵ֤ר אֲנִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י וַיְבַקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ ס | And he said, “I have been extremely zealous for the Lord God of hosts, but the sons of Israel have forsaken your covenant. They have demolished your altars and killed your prophets by the sword, and I remain on my own, and they are trying to take my life.” |
Rom 11:3.
I have been extremely zealous: infinitive absolute. but: or for. trying to take my life ← seeking my soul to take it. |
| 1 Ki 19:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו לֵ֛ךְ שׁ֥וּב לְדַרְכְּךָ֖ מִדְבַּ֣רָה דַמָּ֑שֶׂק וּבָ֗אתָ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֧ אֶת־חֲזָאֵ֛ל לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃ | Then the Lord said to him, “Go and return to your way – to the Desert of Damascus – and when you arrive, anoint Hazael as king over Aramaea. | to the Desert of: from the construct state and locative of desert. |
| 1 Ki 19:16 | וְאֵת֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁ֔י תִּמְשַׁ֥ח לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאֶת־אֱלִישָׁ֤ע בֶּן־שָׁפָט֙ מֵאָבֵ֣ל מְחוֹלָ֔ה תִּמְשַׁ֥ח לְנָבִ֖יא תַּחְתֶּֽיךָ׃ | And anoint Jehu the son of Nimshi as king over Israel, and anoint Elisha the son of Shaphat from Abel-Meholah as a prophet in your place. | |
| 1 Ki 19:17 | וְהָיָ֗ה הַנִּמְלָ֛ט מֵחֶ֥רֶב חֲזָאֵ֖ל יָמִ֣ית יֵה֑וּא וְהַנִּמְלָ֛ט מֵחֶ֥רֶב יֵה֖וּא יָמִ֥ית אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And it will happen that Jehu will kill him who escapes from Hazael's sword, and that Elisha will kill him who escapes Jehu's sword. | |
| 1 Ki 19:18 | וְהִשְׁאַרְתִּ֥י בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֑ים כָּל־הַבִּרְכַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־כָֽרְעוּ֙ לַבַּ֔עַל וְכָ֨ל־הַפֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־נָשַׁ֖ק לֽוֹ׃ | But I have retained seven thousand in Israel – all the knees which did not bow to Baal, and every mouth which did not kiss him.” |
Rom 11:4.
have retained: the MT pointing is will retain, but the consonantal form supports the NT quotation (past tense). |
| 1 Ki 19:19 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִ֠שָּׁם וַיִּמְצָ֞א אֶת־אֱלִישָׁ֤ע בֶּן־שָׁפָט֙ וְה֣וּא חֹרֵ֔שׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר צְמָדִים֙ לְפָנָ֔יו וְה֖וּא בִּשְׁנֵ֣ים הֶעָשָׂ֑ר וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ךְ אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ אֵלָֽיו׃ | So he departed from there, and he found Elisha the son of Shaphat, while he was ploughing with twelve pairs of oxen in front of him, he being with the twelfth, and Elijah crossed over to him and cast his cloak over him. | over ← to, but more likely אֶל for עַל. |
| 1 Ki 19:20 | וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־הַבָּקָ֗ר וַיָּ֙רָץ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶשְּׁקָה־נָּא֙ לְאָבִ֣י וּלְאִמִּ֔י וְאֵלְכָ֖ה אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ שׁ֔וּב כִּ֥י מֶה־עָשִׂ֖יתִי לָֽךְ׃ | And he left the oxen and ran after Elijah and said, “Please let me kiss my father and my mother, then I will follow you.” Then he said to him, “Go, and come back. For what have I done to you?” | |
| 1 Ki 19:21 | וַיָּ֨שָׁב מֵאַחֲרָ֜יו וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־צֶ֧מֶד הַבָּקָ֣ר וַיִּזְבָּחֵ֗הוּ וּבִכְלִ֤י הַבָּקָר֙ בִּשְּׁלָ֣ם הַבָּשָׂ֔ר וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָעָ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וַיָּ֗קָם וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ וַיְשָׁרְתֵֽהוּ׃ פ | So Elisha went back, leaving him behind, and he took the pair of oxen, and he sacrificed them, and he cooked their meat over the equipment to go with the oxen. And he gave some to the people, and they ate. Then he arose and followed Elijah, and he served him. |
them ← it, i.e. the pair.
their meat ← them the meat. |
| 1 Ki 20:1 | וּבֶן־הֲדַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם קָבַץ֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֵיל֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֛לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיַּ֗עַל וַיָּ֙צַר֙ עַל־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃ | And Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea assembled all his forces, and there were thirty-two kings with him, and cavalry and a chariot fleet, and he went up and besieged Samaria and waged war against it. |
cavalry ← horse.
he went up: the verb often has connotations of going to war. |
| 1 Ki 20:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֶל־אַחְאָ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָעִֽירָה׃ | And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel, to the city, | Verse division: part of 1 Ki 20:3MT is in 1 Ki 20:2AV. |
| 1 Ki 20:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר בֶּן־הֲדַ֔ד כַּסְפְּךָ֥ וּֽזְהָבְךָ֖ לִֽי־ה֑וּא וְנָשֶׁ֧יךָ וּבָנֶ֛יךָ הַטּוֹבִ֖ים לִי־הֵֽם׃ | and he said to him, “This is what Ben-Hadad says: ¶ ‘Your silver and your gold is mine, and your wives and your fair sons are mine.’ ” |
¶ Verse division: part of 1 Ki 20:3MT is in 1 Ki 20:2AV.
this is what ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 20:4 | וַיַּ֤עַן מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר כִּדְבָרְךָ֖ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ לְךָ֥ אֲנִ֖י וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי׃ | At this the king of Israel replied and said, “As you say, my lord the king. I and everything I have are yours.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
as you say ← according to your word. |
| 1 Ki 20:5 | וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר בֶּן־הֲדַ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֤חְתִּי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כַּסְפְּךָ֧ וּזְהָבְךָ֛ וְנָשֶׁ֥יךָ וּבָנֶ֖יךָ לִ֥י תִתֵּֽן׃ | Then the messengers returned and said, “This is what Ben-Hadad says: ‘Although I sent messengers to you to say, «You shall give me your silver and your gold and your wives and your sons», |
this is what ← thus.
says ← says ... saying. |
| 1 Ki 20:6 | כִּ֣י ׀ אִם־כָּעֵ֣ת מָחָ֗ר אֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֶת־עֲבָדַי֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְחִפְּשׂוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣יתְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת בָּתֵּ֣י עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ וְהָיָה֙ כָּל־מַחְמַ֣ד עֵינֶ֔יךָ יָשִׂ֥ימוּ בְיָדָ֖ם וְלָקָֽחוּ׃ | nevertheless, at this time tomorrow I will send my servants to you, and they will search your house and the houses of your servants, and they will lay their hands on every object of yours that is pleasing to the eye and take it away.’ ” |
they will ← it will be (that) they will.
of yours that is pleasing to the eye: with a construct state the possessive suffix (your) can only be on the nomen rectum (eyes), but it can logically belong to the nomen regens (pleasing object). Compare Ezek 16:39. |
| 1 Ki 20:7 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְכָל־זִקְנֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ דְּעֽוּ־נָ֣א וּרְא֔וּ כִּ֥י רָעָ֖ה זֶ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֨ח אֵלַ֜י לְנָשַׁ֤י וּלְבָנַי֙ וּלְכַסְפִּ֣י וְלִזְהָבִ֔י וְלֹ֥א מָנַ֖עְתִּי מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | Then the king of Israel called for all the elders of the land and said, “Kindly be aware and observe how this man is seeking a pretext for aggression, for he has sent to me for my wives and my sons and my silver and my gold, and I did not withhold them from him.” |
how ← that.
is seeking: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. aggression ← harm, evil. |
| 1 Ki 20:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו כָּל־הַזְּקֵנִ֖ים וְכָל־הָעָ֑ם אַל־תִּשְׁמַ֖ע וְל֥וֹא תֹאבֶֽה׃ | Then all the elders and all the people said to him, “Do not heed him and do not comply.” | comply ← be willing. |
| 1 Ki 20:9 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר לְמַלְאֲכֵ֣י בֶן־הֲדַ֗ד אִמְר֞וּ לַֽאדֹנִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֨חְתָּ אֶל־עַבְדְּךָ֤ בָרִֽאשֹׁנָה֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה וְהַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וַיְשִׁבֻ֖הוּ דָּבָֽר׃ | So he said to Ben-Hadad's messengers, “Say to my lord the king, ‘I will do everything that you charged your servant to do the first time, but I cannot do this thing.’ ” Then the messengers departed and reported back to him. |
charged ← sent.
but: adversative use of the vav. reported back to him ← returned him word. |
| 1 Ki 20:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵלָיו֙ בֶּן־הֲדַ֔ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשׂ֥וּן לִ֛י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֑פוּ אִם־יִשְׂפֹּק֙ עֲפַ֣ר שֹׁמְר֔וֹן לִשְׁעָלִ֕ים לְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלָֽי׃ | Then Ben-Hadad sent word to him and said, “May the gods do this to me and add more if the dust of Samaria is sufficient for all the people following in my footsteps to have a handful of it.” |
the gods: the verb is plural.
this ... more ← thus ... thus. following in my footsteps ← at my feet. a handful ← handfuls. |
| 1 Ki 20:11 | וַיַּ֤עַן מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דַּבְּר֔וּ אַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֥ל חֹגֵ֖ר כִּמְפַתֵּֽחַ׃ | At this the king of Israel replied and said, “Say, ‘Don't let him who girds himself boast like him who ungirds himself.’ ” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
him who ungirds himself: i.e. after winning the battle. |
| 1 Ki 20:12 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְה֥וּא שֹׁתֶ֛ה ה֥וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֖ים בַּסֻּכּ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ שִׂ֔ימוּ וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃ | And it came to pass when he heard these words, while he was drinking – he and the kings in the out-houses – that he said to his servants, “Fall into rank.” So they fell into rank against the city. |
these words ← this word, speech.
out-houses ← booths, tabernacles. fall into rank ... fell into rank ← set (in array). |
| 1 Ki 20:13 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ נָבִ֣יא אֶחָ֗ד נִגַּשׁ֮ אֶל־אַחְאָ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הְֽרָאִ֔יתָ אֵ֛ת כָּל־הֶהָמ֥וֹן הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּ֑ה הִנְנִ֨י נֹתְנ֤וֹ בְיָֽדְךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Now it so happened that a certain prophet approached Ahab king of Israel and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Have you seen all this large mass of people? I am about to deliver them into your hand today, and you will know that I am the Lord.’ ” |
now it so happened that ← behold.
a certain ← one. this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. them ← it, i.e. the people, or possibly him, i.e. Ben-Hadad. |
| 1 Ki 20:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ בְּמִ֔י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּנַעֲרֵ֖י שָׂרֵ֣י הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מִֽי־יֶאְסֹ֥ר הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽתָּה׃ | Then Ahab said, “By means of whom?” And he said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘By means of the youths serving the governors of the provinces.’ ” Then he said, “Who will start the war?” And he said, “You will.” |
this is what ← thus.
serving ← of. provinces ← jurisdictions. start ← bind. Dutch parallels the Hebrew: (de strijd) aanbinden. |
| 1 Ki 20:15 | וַיִּפְקֹ֗ד אֶֽת־נַעֲרֵי֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הַמְּדִינ֔וֹת וַיִּהְי֕וּ מָאתַ֖יִם שְׁנַ֣יִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם פָּקַ֧ד אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֛ם כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | Then he counted the youths serving the governors of the provinces, and there were two hundred and thirty-two of them, and after them he counted all the people – all the sons of Israel – and it came to seven thousand. |
serving ← of.
provinces ← jurisdictions. |
| 1 Ki 20:16 | וַיֵּצְא֖וּ בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם וּבֶן־הֲדַד֩ שֹׁתֶ֨ה שִׁכּ֜וֹר בַּסֻּכּ֗וֹת ה֧וּא וְהַמְּלָכִ֛ים שְׁלֹשִֽׁים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם מֶ֖לֶךְ עֹזֵ֥ר אֹתֽוֹ׃ | Then they went out at noon, while Ben-Hadad was drinking himself drunk in the out-houses, he and the kings – thirty-two kings helping him. | out-houses: see 1 Ki 20:12. |
| 1 Ki 20:17 | וַיֵּצְא֗וּ נַעֲרֵ֛י שָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח בֶּן־הֲדַ֗ד וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנָשִׁ֕ים יָצְא֖וּ מִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | So the youths serving the governors of the provinces went out first, and Ben-Hadad sent scouts, and they reported back to him and said, “Some men have come out from Samaria.” |
serving ← of.
provinces ← jurisdictions. |
| 1 Ki 20:18 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אִם־לְשָׁל֥וֹם יָצָ֖אוּ תִּפְשׂ֣וּם חַיִּ֑ים וְאִ֧ם לְמִלְחָמָ֛ה יָצָ֖אוּ חַיִּ֥ים תִּפְשֽׂוּם׃ | And he said, “If they have come out for peace, take them alive, or if they have come out for war, take them alive.” | |
| 1 Ki 20:19 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָצְא֣וּ מִן־הָעִ֔יר נַעֲרֵ֖י שָׂרֵ֣י הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת וְהַחַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | So these youths serving the governors of the provinces went out of the city, with the army which was behind them. |
serving ← of.
provinces ← jurisdictions. |
| 1 Ki 20:20 | וַיַּכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֔וֹ וַיָּנֻ֣סוּ אֲרָ֔ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט בֶּן־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם עַל־ס֖וּס וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃ | And each man struck down his opposite man, and the Aramaeans fled, and Israel pursued them, but Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea escaped on a horse with horsemen. | |
| 1 Ki 20:21 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַסּ֖וּס וְאֶת־הָרָ֑כֶב וְהִכָּ֥ה בַאֲרָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | And the king of Israel went out and attacked the cavalry and the chariot fleet, and he dealt Aramaea a severe blow. | cavalry ← horse. |
| 1 Ki 20:22 | וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ הִתְחַזַּ֔ק וְדַ֥ע וּרְאֵ֖ה אֵ֣ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה כִּ֚י לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָ֖ם עֹלֶ֥ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ ס | Then the prophet approached the king of Israel and said to him, “Go and be encouraged, but be wary and watch out with what you do, for in the new year the king of Aramaea will come up against you.” |
be wary ← know.
in the new year ← at the turn of the year. |
| 1 Ki 20:23 | וְעַבְדֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם אָמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן חָזְק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאוּלָ֗ם נִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתָּם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶֽם׃ | And the servants of the king of Aramaea said to him, “Their god is a god of the hills, which is why they were stronger than us, but if we fight them on the plain, we will certainly be stronger than them. |
their god: viewed as simply a god by the speaker. Singular in 1 Ki 20:28.
than us ... than them: or, if the reader prefers, than we ... than they. we will certainly be ← if we are not. Asseveration ↴ |
| 1 Ki 20:24 | וְאֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה עֲשֵׂ֑ה הָסֵ֤ר הַמְּלָכִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ וְשִׂ֥ים פַּח֖וֹת תַּחְתֵּיהֶֽם׃ | And do this thing: remove each king from his position and appoint governors in their place. | ↳ using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| 1 Ki 20:25 | וְאַתָּ֣ה תִֽמְנֶה־לְךָ֣ ׀ חַ֡יִל כַּחַיִל֩ הַנֹּפֵ֨ל מֵאוֹתָ֜ךְ וְס֣וּס כַּסּ֣וּס ׀ וְרֶ֣כֶב כָּרֶ֗כֶב וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע לְקֹלָ֖ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃ פ | And recruit an army for yourself like the army which fell away from you, with a horse for a horse and a chariot for a chariot, and let us fight them on the plain, and we will certainly be stronger than them.” And he heeded their proposal and did so. |
recruit ← appoint.
we will certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). than them: or, if the reader prefers, than they. heeded their proposal ← listened to their voice. |
| 1 Ki 20:26 | וַֽיְהִי֙ לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה וַיִּפְקֹ֥ד בֶּן־הֲדַ֖ד אֶת־אֲרָ֑ם וַיַּ֣עַל אֲפֵ֔קָה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass at the new year that Ben-Hadad mobilized the Aramaeans, and he went up to Aphek for the war with Israel. |
at the new year: see 1 Ki 20:22.
mobilized ← mustered, counted, appointed, [AnLx], so perhaps, recruited or conscripted. Aramaeans ← Aramaea. |
| 1 Ki 20:27 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָתְפָּקְדוּ֙ וְכָלְכְּל֔וּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַיַּחֲנ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל נֶגְדָּ֗ם כִּשְׁנֵי֙ חֲשִׂפֵ֣י עִזִּ֔ים וַאֲרָ֖ם מִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the sons of Israel were mobilized and given supplies, and they went to confront them, and the sons of Israel encamped opposite them, like two little flocks of goats, whereas the Aramaeans filled the land. |
mobilized: see 1 Ki 20:26.
to confront ← towards. whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 20:28 | וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ אֲרָם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֲמָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְ֠נָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּ֤דוֹל הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the man of God approached and spoke to the king of Israel and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Since the Aramaeans have said, «The Lord is a god of the hills, and he is not a god of the valleys», I will deliver all this large mass of people into your hand, and you will know that I am the Lord.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
a god (2x): with a singular pronoun. See 1 Ki 20:23. |
| 1 Ki 20:29 | וַֽיַּחֲנ֧וּ אֵ֦לֶּה נֹ֥כַח אֵ֖לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַתִּקְרַב֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיַּכּ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל אֶת־אֲרָ֛ם מֵאָה־אֶ֥לֶף רַגְלִ֖י בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ | And they encamped opposite each other for seven days, then it came to pass on the seventh day that the war broke out, and the sons of Israel struck the Aramaeans down – one hundred thousand foot soldiers in one day. | |
| 1 Ki 20:30 | וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ הַנּוֹתָרִ֥ים ׀ אֲפֵקָה֮ אֶל־הָעִיר֒ וַתִּפֹּל֙ הַחוֹמָ֔ה עַל־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ הַנּוֹתָרִ֑ים וּבֶן־הֲדַ֣ד נָ֔ס וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־הָעִ֖יר חֶ֥דֶר בְּחָֽדֶר׃ ס | And the remainder fled to Aphek, to the city, and the wall fell on the remaining twenty-seven thousand men, and Ben-Hadad fled, and he went to the city in an inner room. |
remainder ← remaining (ones).
an inner room ← a room within a room. |
| 1 Ki 20:31 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ עֲבָדָיו֒ הִנֵּֽה־נָ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ כִּ֗י מַלְכֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־מַלְכֵ֥י חֶ֖סֶד הֵ֑ם נָשִׂ֣ימָה נָּא֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרֹאשֵׁ֗נוּ וְנֵצֵא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אוּלַ֖י יְחַיֶּ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And his servants said to him, “Look now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings. So let's put sackcloth round our waist and cords on our head and go out to the king of Israel – perhaps he will let you live.” |
merciful kings ← kings of mercy, a Hebraic genitive.
let's ← please. let you live ← preserve your soul alive. |
| 1 Ki 20:32 | וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ עַבְדְּךָ֧ בֶן־הֲדַ֛ד אָמַ֖ר תְּחִֽי־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃ | So they girded themselves with sackcloth around their waist, and cords on their heads, and they went to the king of Israel and said, “Your servant Ben-Hadad says, ‘Please let me live.’ ” And he said, “Is he still alive? He is my brother.” | let me live ← let my soul live. |
| 1 Ki 20:33 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֩ יְנַחֲשׁ֨וּ וַֽיְמַהֲר֜וּ וַיַּחְלְט֣וּ הֲמִמֶּ֗נּוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָחִ֣יךָ בֶן־הֲדַ֔ד וַיֹּ֖אמֶר בֹּ֣אוּ קָחֻ֑הוּ וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֵלָיו֙ בֶּן־הֲדַ֔ד וַֽיַּעֲלֵ֖הוּ עַל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָֽה׃ | At this the men were enchanted and were quick to confirm what was asked about him, and they said, “Your brother Ben-Hadad is alive.” And Ahab said, “Go and fetch him.” Then Ben-Hadad came out to him, and Ahab had him go up into the chariot. |
were enchanted: perhaps re-point as pual, but the piel may be intransitive.
to confirm what was asked about him ← to confirm whether from him. The ↴ at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 20:34 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֡יו הֶעָרִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־לָֽקַח־אָבִי֩ מֵאֵ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ אָשִׁ֗יב וְ֠חוּצוֹת תָּשִׂ֨ים לְךָ֤ בְדַמֶּ֙שֶׂק֙ כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֤ם אָבִי֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַאֲנִ֖י בַּבְּרִ֣ית אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיִּכְרָת־ל֥וֹ בְרִ֖ית וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽהוּ׃ ס | Then Ben-Hadad said to him, “I will restore to you the cities which my father captured from your father, and you will be able to establish suburbs for yourself in Damascus, as my father did in Samaria.” Then Ahab said, “I will send you off with a covenant.” And he made a covenant with him and sent him off. |
↳ eastern pointing is וַיַּחְלְטוּהָ מִמֶּנּוּ [BHS-CA], to confirm what (was said) of him.
suburbs: AV differs somewhat (streets). [CB]= broadways or bazaars. |
| 1 Ki 20:35 | וְאִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֜ד מִבְּנֵ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים אָמַ֧ר אֶל־רֵעֵ֛הוּ בִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה הַכֵּ֣ינִי נָ֑א וַיְמָאֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ לְהַכֹּתֽוֹ׃ | Then a certain man from the sons of the prophets said to a colleague of his by the word of the Lord, “Please strike me.” But the man refused to strike him. | a certain ← one. |
| 1 Ki 20:36 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֙עְתָּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה הִנְּךָ֤ הוֹלֵךְ֙ מֵֽאִתִּ֔י וְהִכְּךָ֖ הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֵֽאֶצְל֔וֹ וַיִּמְצָאֵ֥הוּ הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וַיַּכֵּֽהוּ׃ | Then he said to him, “Since you have not heeded the voice of the Lord, it will transpire that when you depart from me, a lion will strike you.” And when he left his company, a lion found him and struck him. |
it will transpire that when ← behold.
a lion (2x) ← the lion. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. his company ← from with him. |
| 1 Ki 20:37 | וַיִּמְצָא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַכֵּ֣ינִי נָ֑א וַיַּכֵּ֥הוּ הָאִ֖ישׁ הַכֵּ֥ה וּפָצֹֽעַ׃ | Subsequently, he found another man, and he said, “Please strike me.” And the man struck him and wounded him in the process. | struck ... wounded ... in the process ← struck ... to strike and to wound. Infinitive absolute of to wound. |
| 1 Ki 20:38 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיִּתְחַפֵּ֥שׂ בָּאֲפֵ֖ר עַל־עֵינָֽיו׃ | Then the prophet departed and stood in the street waiting for the king, having disguised himself with a head-band around his eyes. |
head-band: AV differs (ashes), from אֵפֶר.
around ← on. |
| 1 Ki 20:39 | וַיְהִ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עֹבֵ֔ר וְה֖וּא צָעַ֣ק אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר עַבְדְּךָ֣ ׀ יָצָ֣א בְקֶֽרֶב־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְהִנֵּֽה־אִ֨ישׁ סָ֜ר וַיָּבֵ֧א אֵלַ֣י אִ֗ישׁ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁמֹר֙ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־הִפָּקֵד֙ יִפָּקֵ֔ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ א֥וֹ כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף תִּשְׁקֽוֹל׃ | And it came to pass as the king was passing by that he shouted out to the king and said, “Your servant went out to the heart of the battle, and it so happened that a man turned aside and brought a man to me and said, ‘Guard this man. If he in any way goes missing, then your life will be forfeited for his life, or else you will weigh me out a talent of silver.’ |
heart ← midst.
it so happened that ← behold. in any way goes missing: infinitive absolute. life ← soul. talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Ki 20:40 | וַיְהִ֣י עַבְדְּךָ֗ עֹשֵׂ֥ה הֵ֛נָּה וָהֵ֖נָּה וְה֣וּא אֵינֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֧יו מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כֵּ֥ן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֖ךָ אַתָּ֥ה חָרָֽצְתָּ׃ | And the way things went, your servant was busy here and there, and the captive was gone.” Then the king of Israel said to him, “Your sentence will be as you yourself have specified.” |
the way things went ← it came to pass.
was gone ← (was) not. |
| 1 Ki 20:41 | וַיְמַהֵ֕ר וַיָּ֙סַר֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲפֵ֔ר *מעל **מֵעֲלֵ֖י עֵינָ֑יו וַיַּכֵּ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י מֵֽהַנְּבִאִ֖ים הֽוּא׃ | Then he quickly removed the head-band from his eyes, and the king of Israel recognized him, for he was one of the prophets. |
from: the qeré is a poetic form of the ketiv, hardly justifiable here.
head-band: AV differs (ashes). |
| 1 Ki 20:42 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֛עַן שִׁלַּ֥חְתָּ אֶת־אִישׁ־חֶרְמִ֖י מִיָּ֑ד וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשְׁךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְעַמְּךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת עַמּֽוֹ׃ | And he said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Since you let the man go out of your hand, whom I had condemned, your life will be forfeited for his life, and your people for his people.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
the man: i.e. Ben-Hadad. life (2x) ← soul. |
| 1 Ki 20:43 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַל־בֵּית֖וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֑ף וַיָּבֹ֖א שֹׁמְרֽוֹנָה׃ פ | Then the king of Israel went to his house, sullen and resentful. And he went to Samaria. | |
| 1 Ki 21:1 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כֶּ֧רֶם הָיָ֛ה לְנָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיִזְרְעֶ֑אל אֵ֚צֶל הֵיכַ֣ל אַחְאָ֔ב מֶ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And it came to pass after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard which was in Jezreel, next to the palace of Ahab king of Samaria, | Jezreelite ... Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 21:2 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אַחְאָ֣ב אֶל־נָב֣וֹת ׀ לֵאמֹר֩ ׀ תְּנָה־לִּ֨י אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ֜ וִֽיהִי־לִ֣י לְגַן־יָרָ֗ק כִּ֣י ה֤וּא קָרוֹב֙ אֵ֣צֶל בֵּיתִ֔י וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לְךָ֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כֶּ֖רֶם ט֣וֹב מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אִ֚ם ט֣וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אֶתְּנָה־לְךָ֥ כֶ֖סֶף מְחִ֥יר זֶֽה׃ | and Ahab spoke to Naboth and said, “Give me your vineyard, so it can be my vegetable garden, for it is nearby my house, and I will give you a better vineyard than it in exchange for it. Or if it meets with your approval, I will give you its value in money.” |
meets with your approval ← (is) good in your eyes.
its value ← the price of this. |
| 1 Ki 21:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר נָב֖וֹת אֶל־אַחְאָ֑ב חָלִ֤ילָה לִּי֙ מֵֽיהוָ֔ה מִתִּתִּ֛י אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת אֲבֹתַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ | But Naboth said to Ahab, “Far be it from the Lord for me to give you the inheritance of my fathers.” | |
| 1 Ki 21:4 | וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבוֹת֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֣ת אֲבוֹתָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עַל־מִטָּת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וְלֹֽא־אָ֥כַל לָֽחֶם׃ | At this Ahab went to his house sullen and resentful on account of the words which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him, when he said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers”, and he lay on his bed, and he turned his face away, and he did not eat any bread. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
sullen and resentful: see 1 Ki 20:43. words ← word. Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 21:5 | וַתָּבֹ֥א אֵלָ֖יו אִיזֶ֣בֶל אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו מַה־זֶּה֙ רוּחֲךָ֣ סָרָ֔ה וְאֵינְךָ֖ אֹכֵ֥ל לָֽחֶם׃ | But Jezebel his wife came to him and said to him, “What is this sullen spirit you have? And you aren't eating any bread.” | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Ki 21:6 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יהָ כִּֽי־אֲ֠דַבֵּר אֶל־נָב֨וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֜י וָאֹ֣מַר ל֗וֹ תְּנָה־לִּ֤י אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ֙ בְּכֶ֔סֶף א֚וֹ אִם־חָפֵ֣ץ אַתָּ֔ה אֶתְּנָה־לְךָ֥ כֶ֖רֶם תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־כַּרְמִֽי׃ | And he said to her, “It is because I was speaking to Naboth the Jezreelite, and I said to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money, or if you prefer, I will give you a vineyard in exchange for it.’ But he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’ ” |
Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56.
if you prefer ← if you (are) pleased. |
| 1 Ki 21:7 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אִיזֶ֣בֶל אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אַתָּ֕ה עַתָּ֛ה תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה מְלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ק֤וּם אֱכָל־לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְיִטַ֣ב לִבֶּ֔ךָ אֲנִי֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ אֶת־כֶּ֖רֶם נָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽי׃ | At this Jezebel his wife said to him, “Do you exercise kingship over Israel or not? Get up and eat bread and cheer up. I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
or not ← now, but only adding emphasis to the question. bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. cheer up ← let your heart be well. Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 21:8 | וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח *הספרים **סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִיר֔וֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃ | And she wrote communiqués in Ahab's name and sealed them with his seal, and she sent {K: the communiqués} [Q: communiqués] to the elders and to the nobles who were in his city, who lived alongside Naboth. | alongside ← with. |
| 1 Ki 21:9 | וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃ | And she wrote the communiqués as follows: “Call for a fast, and seat Naboth in front of the people. | as follows ← saying. |
| 1 Ki 21:10 | וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ שְׁנַ֨יִם אֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וִיעִדֻ֣הוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ וְיָמֹֽת׃ | And seat two good-for-nothing men opposite him, who will testify against him and say, ‘You have {P: cursed} [M: blessed] God and the king’, and carry him out and stone him, and he will die.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. Not noted in [BHS]; we presume P= קִלַּלְתָּ. Here, AV reads the primitive text.
good-for-nothing ← useless. |
| 1 Ki 21:11 | וַיַּעֲשׂוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י עִיר֜וֹ הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים וְהַחֹרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּעִיר֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁלְחָ֥ה אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אִיזָ֑בֶל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּתוּב֙ בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלְחָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the men of his city – the elders and the nobles who lived in his city – did according to what Jezebel sent to them, according to what was written in the communiqués which she had sent to them. | |
| 1 Ki 21:12 | קָרְא֖וּ צ֑וֹם וְהֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃ | They called for a fast and seated Naboth in front of the people. | |
| 1 Ki 21:13 | וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל אֶת־נָב֗וֹת נֶ֤גֶד הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ נָב֛וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | And the two good-for-nothing men came and sat opposite him, and the good-for-nothing men testified against him – Naboth – in the presence of the people and said, “Naboth {P: cursed} [M: blessed] God and the king.” Then they brought him outside the city and stoned him, and he died. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See 1 Ki 21:10 and [CB] App. 33. Here, AV reads the primitive text.
good-for-nothing (2x) ← useless. stoned him ← pelted him with stones. |
| 1 Ki 21:14 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | Then they sent word to Jezebel and said, “Naboth has been stoned and has died.” | to Jezebel: indicating that the elders knew that the communiqués were forged by ↴ |
| 1 Ki 21:15 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אִיזֶ֔בֶל כִּֽי־סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אִיזֶ֜בֶל אֶל־אַחְאָ֗ב ק֣וּם רֵ֞שׁ אֶת־כֶּ֣רֶם ׀ נָב֣וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵאֵן֙ לָתֶת־לְךָ֣ בְכֶ֔סֶף כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נָב֛וֹת חַ֖י כִּי־מֵֽת׃ | And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and had died, that Jezebel said to Ahab, “Arise, inherit the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite who refused to give it to you for money, for Naboth is not alive, but dead.” |
↳ her, otherwise they would have informed the king. But Ahab is guilty too, in giving Jezebel a free hand (1 Ki 21:7), and he is condemned in 1 Ki 21:20.
Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 21:16 | וַיְהִ֛י כִּשְׁמֹ֥עַ אַחְאָ֖ב כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָב֑וֹת וַיָּ֣קָם אַחְאָ֗ב לָרֶ֛דֶת אֶל־כֶּ֛רֶם נָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֖י לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ ס | And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab arose to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite to inherit it. | Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 21:17 | וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite and said, | |
| 1 Ki 21:18 | ק֣וּם רֵ֗ד לִקְרַ֛את אַחְאָ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן הִנֵּה֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם נָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־יָ֥רַד שָׁ֖ם לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | “Arise and go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who is in Samaria. Look, he is in Naboth's vineyard, where he has gone down to inherit it, | |
| 1 Ki 21:19 | וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲרָצַ֖חְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָ֑שְׁתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לָקְק֤וּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דַּ֣ם נָב֔וֹת יָלֹ֧קּוּ הַכְּלָבִ֛ים אֶת־דָּמְךָ֖ גַּם־אָֽתָּה׃ | and speak to him and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «Have you committed murder, and have you also received the inheritance?» ’ And you will speak to him and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «In the place where the dogs licked Naboth's blood, the dogs will lick your blood – yours too.» ’ ” | this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 21:20 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ הַֽמְצָאתַ֖נִי אֹיְבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָצָ֔אתִי יַ֚עַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Ahab said to Elijah, “Have you found me, my enemy?” And he said, “I have found you, because you have sold yourself, in doing evil in the sight of the Lord. | in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 21:21 | הִנְנִ֨י *מבי **מֵבִ֤יא אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה וּבִעַרְתִּ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְאַחְאָב֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר וְעָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Now I am about to bring evil on you, and to eradicate you, and I will cut off from Ahab whoever urinates against a wall, leaving him shut off and abandoned in Israel. |
bring: the ketiv could ↴
I am about to ← behold me. eradicate you ← burn up after you. shut off and abandoned: see 1 Ki 14:10. |
| 1 Ki 21:22 | וְנָתַתִּ֣י אֶת־בֵּיתְךָ֗ כְּבֵית֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט וּכְבֵ֖ית בַּעְשָׁ֣א בֶן־אֲחִיָּ֑ה אֶל־הַכַּ֙עַס֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעַ֔סְתָּ וַֽתַּחֲטִ֖א אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I will make your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, because of the anger to which you have provoked me and because you have caused Israel to sin.” | ↳ be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| 1 Ki 21:23 | וְגַ֨ם־לְאִיזֶ֔בֶל דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הַכְּלָבִ֛ים יֹאכְל֥וּ אֶת־אִיזֶ֖בֶל בְּחֵ֥ל יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | And the Lord also spoke to Jezebel and said, “The dogs will eat Jezebel at the fortification of Jezreel. |
fortification: AV differs somewhat (wall).
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 1 Ki 21:24 | הַמֵּ֤ת לְאַחְאָב֙ בָּעִ֔יר יֹאכְל֖וּ הַכְּלָבִ֑ים וְהַמֵּת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Dogs will eat whoever of Ahab's house dies in the city, and birds of the sky will eat whoever dies in the field.” | |
| 1 Ki 21:25 | רַ֚ק לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה כְאַחְאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְמַכֵּ֔ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵסַ֥תָּה אֹת֖וֹ אִיזֶ֥בֶל אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | There was no-one anything like Ahab, whom Jezebel his wife incited, who sold himself in doing evil in the sight of the Lord. |
anything ← only; surely.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Ki 21:26 | וַיַּתְעֵ֣ב מְאֹ֔ד לָלֶ֖כֶת אַחֲרֵ֣י הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And he acted most abominably in walking after the idols, like everything which the Amorites did, whom the Lord dispossessed before the sons of Israel. |
most ← very.
in walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| 1 Ki 21:27 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וַיָּצ֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ ס | And it came to pass, when Ahab heard these things, that he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his flesh and fasted, and he lay in sackcloth, and he went around slowly. | |
| 1 Ki 21:28 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite and said, | came ← became. |
| 1 Ki 21:29 | הֲֽרָאִ֔יתָ כִּֽי־נִכְנַ֥ע אַחְאָ֖ב מִלְּפָנָ֑י יַ֜עַן כִּֽי־נִכְנַ֣ע מִפָּנַ֗י לֹֽא־*אבי **אָבִ֤יא הָֽרָעָה֙ בְּיָמָ֔יו בִּימֵ֣י בְנ֔וֹ אָבִ֥יא הָרָעָ֖ה עַל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | “Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before me? Since he has humbled himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days. In his son's days, I will bring the evil on his house.” |
bring: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. Similar to 1 Ki 21:21.
how ← that. |
| 1 Ki 22:1 | וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים אֵ֚ין מִלְחָמָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אֲרָ֖ם וּבֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And they spent three years without a war between Aramaea and Israel. |
they: referring to the king of Israel and the king of Aramaea (?).
spent ← sat; remained. without ← (and there was) no. |
| 1 Ki 22:2 | וַיְהִ֖י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑ית וַיֵּ֛רֶד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then it came to pass in the third year that Jehoshaphat king of Judah came down to the king of Israel, | |
| 1 Ki 22:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הַיְדַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־לָ֖נוּ רָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ מַחְשִׁ֔ים מִקַּ֣חַת אֹתָ֔הּ מִיַּ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָֽם׃ | and the king of Israel said to his servants, “Do you know that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we have been keeping quiet, refraining from taking it from the hand of the king of Aramaea?” | Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:4 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט הֲתֵלֵ֥ךְ אִתִּ֛י לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה רָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כָּמ֧וֹנִי כָמ֛וֹךָ כְּעַמִּ֥י כְעַמֶּ֖ךָ כְּסוּסַ֥י כְּסוּסֶֽיךָ׃ | And he said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go to war with me to Ramoth-Gilead?” And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “I am as you are, my people are as your people; my horses are as your horses.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:3.
Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל דְּרָשׁ־נָ֥א כַיּ֖וֹם אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “Please consult the word of the Lord today.” | || 2 Chr 18:4. |
| 1 Ki 22:6 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֨ץ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אֶֽת־הַנְּבִיאִים֮ כְּאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֣וֹת אִישׁ֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם הַאֵלֵ֞ךְ עַל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ עֲלֵ֔ה וְיִתֵּ֥ן אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king of Israel gathered the prophets – about four hundred men – and he asked them, “Should I go to war against Ramoth-Gilead or should I refrain?” And they said, “Go up, and the Lord* will deliver it into the king's hand.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| 2 Chr 18:5. asked ← said to. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:7 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט הַאֵ֨ין פֹּ֥ה נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה ע֑וֹד וְנִדְרְשָׁ֖ה מֵאוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Jehoshaphat said, “Is there no other prophet of the Lord here for us to inquire of him?” | || 2 Chr 18:6. |
| 1 Ki 22:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃ | And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “There is one more man from whom one can consult the Lord, but I hate him, because he does not prophesy good about me, but evil: Micaiah the son of Imlah.” And Jehoshaphat said, “Let the king not say suchlike.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:7.
suchlike ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 22:9 | וַיִּקְרָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־סָרִ֖יס אֶחָ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַהֲרָ֖ה מִיכָ֥יְהוּ בֶן־יִמְלָֽה׃ | Then the king of Israel called for a certain eunuch, and he said, “Bring Micaiah the son of Imlah quickly.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:8.
a certain ← one. |
| 1 Ki 22:10 | וּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֡ה יֹשְׁבִים֩ אִ֨ישׁ עַל־כִּסְא֜וֹ מְלֻבָּשִׁ֤ים בְּגָדִים֙ בְּגֹ֔רֶן פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וְכָ֨ל־הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah were each sitting on his throne, dressed in royal clothes in a threshing hall at the entrance of the Gate of Samaria, and all the prophets were prophesying in their presence. |
|| 2 Chr 18:9.
threshing hall: this is the usual meaning. [BDB], [ST], [AnLx] give alternatives for this verse: open place, forum. |
| 1 Ki 22:11 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥ה בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלֹּתָֽם׃ | And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made himself some iron horns, and he said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘With these you will butt the Aramaeans until you have finished them off.’ ” |
|| 2 Chr 18:10.
Zedekiah ← Zidkiah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name, as for the later king's name. this is what ← thus. |
| 1 Ki 22:12 | וְכָל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים נִבְּאִ֥ים כֵּ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲלֵ֞ה רָמֹ֤ת גִּלְעָד֙ וְהַצְלַ֔ח וְנָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And all the prophets prophesied likewise and said, “Go up to Ramoth-Gilead, and have success, and the Lord will deliver it into the king's hand.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:11.
likewise ← thus. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:13 | וְהַמַּלְאָ֞ךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣ךְ ׀ לִקְרֹ֣א מִיכָ֗יְהוּ דִּבֶּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּה־נָ֞א דִּבְרֵ֧י הַנְּבִיאִ֛ים פֶּֽה־אֶחָ֥ד ט֖וֹב אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ יְהִֽי־נָ֣א *דבריך **דְבָרְךָ֗ כִּדְבַ֛ר אַחַ֥ד מֵהֶ֖ם וְדִבַּ֥רְתָּ טּֽוֹב׃ | Then the messenger who had gone to fetch Micaiah spoke to him and said, “These are, then, the unanimously favourable words of the prophets to the king. Now may your {K: words} [Q: word] be similar to the pronouncement of any of them, and speak favourably.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:12.
fetch ← call. these are, then ← behold please. unanimously ← one mouth. pronouncement ← word. any ← one. |
| 1 Ki 22:14 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִיכָ֑יְהוּ חַי־יְהוָ֕ה כִּ֠י אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֹאמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ | But Micaiah said, “As the Lord lives, rather, it is what the Lord says to me that I will speak.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:13.
rather ← nevertheless; but; for. |
| 1 Ki 22:15 | וַיָּבוֹא֮ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֵלָ֗יו מִיכָ֙יְהוּ֙ הֲנֵלֵ֞ךְ אֶל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־נֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ עֲלֵ֣ה וְהַצְלַ֔ח וְנָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And when he went to the king, the king said to him, “Micaiah, should we go up to Ramoth-Gilead to war, or should we refrain?” And he said, “Go up and have success, and the Lord will deliver it into the king's hand.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:14.
Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Micaiah is speaking satirically, which Ahab recognizes (see next verse). |
| 1 Ki 22:16 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד־כַּמֶּ֥ה פְעָמִ֖ים אֲנִ֣י מַשְׁבִּעֶ֑ךָ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י רַק־אֱמֶ֖ת בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the king said to him, “How many times must I adjure you not to tell me anything except the truth in the name of the Lord?” |
|| 2 Chr 18:15.
except ← only. |
| 1 Ki 22:17 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפֹצִ֣ים אֶל־הֶהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then he said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep which do not have a shepherd, and the Lord said, ‘These do not have a master. Let them all return to their homes in peace.’ ” |
|| 2 Chr 18:16.
on the mountains ← to the mountains. all ← each, but a plural verb. their homes ← his home. |
| 1 Ki 22:18 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט הֲלוֹא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ לֽוֹא־יִתְנַבֵּ֥א עָלַ֛י ט֖וֹב כִּ֥י אִם־רָֽע׃ | At this the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn't I tell you that he wouldn't prophesy good about me, but evil?” |
|| 2 Chr 18:17.
at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 1 Ki 22:19 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־יְהוָה֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו מִימִינ֖וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ | And Micaiah said, “So hear the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, with the whole host of heaven standing in attendance to him on his right and on his left. |
|| 2 Chr 18:18.
with ← and. in attendance to ← at. |
| 1 Ki 22:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה מִ֤י יְפַתֶּה֙ אֶת־אַחְאָ֔ב וְיַ֕עַל וְיִפֹּ֖ל בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר זֶה֙ בְּכֹ֔ה וְזֶ֥ה אֹמֵ֖ר בְּכֹֽה׃ | And the Lord said, ‘Who will entice Ahab to go up and attack Ramoth-Gilead?’ And one said this, and another said that. |
|| 2 Chr 18:19.
attack: AV differs (fall at), also possible. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:21 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א הָר֗וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲנִ֣י אֲפַתֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו בַּמָּֽה׃ | And a spirit went out and stood before the Lord, ¶ and it said, ‘I will entice him.’ And the Lord said to it, ‘By what means?’ |
Verse division: part of 1 Ki 22:22MT is in 1 Ki 22:21AV.
|| 2 Chr 18:20. a spirit ← the spirit. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 1 Ki 22:22 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֙יתִי֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃ | And it said, ‘I will go out, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.’ And he said, ‘You may entice him, and indeed you will be able to. Go out and do so.’ |
¶ Verse division: part of 1 Ki 22:22MT is in 1 Ki 22:21AV.
|| 2 Chr 18:21. indeed ← also, truly. |
| 1 Ki 22:23 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ | So now you see that the Lord has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours, and the Lord has pronounced evil concerning you.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:22.
you see that ← behold. |
| 1 Ki 22:24 | וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֔ה וַיַּכֶּ֥ה אֶת־מִיכָ֖יְהוּ עַל־הַלֶּ֑חִי וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵי־זֶ֨ה עָבַ֧ר רֽוּחַ־יְהוָ֛ה מֵאִתִּ֖י לְדַבֵּ֥ר אוֹתָֽךְ׃ | Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah approached and struck Micaiah on the cheek and said, “Which way did the spirit of the Lord pass from me when I spoke to you?” |
|| 2 Chr 18:23.
when I spoke ← in speaking ← to speak. |
| 1 Ki 22:25 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ הִנְּךָ֥ רֹאֶ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֛א חֶ֥דֶר בְּחֶ֖דֶר לְהֵחָבֵֽה׃ | And Micaiah said, “You will see just that on that day when you go into an inner room to hide.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:24.
you will see just that ← behold you seeing. inner room ← a room in a room. |
| 1 Ki 22:26 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קַ֚ח אֶת־מִיכָ֔יְהוּ וַהֲשִׁיבֵ֖הוּ אֶל־אָמֹ֣ן שַׂר־הָעִ֑יר וְאֶל־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king of Israel said, “Seize Micaiah and take him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son, | || 2 Chr 18:25. |
| 1 Ki 22:27 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־זֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית הַכֶּ֑לֶא וְהַאֲכִילֻ֨הוּ לֶ֤חֶם לַ֙חַץ֙ וּמַ֣יִם לַ֔חַץ עַ֖ד בֹּאִ֥י בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | and say, ‘This is what the king says: «Put this man in prison and feed him on baneful bread and water until I come in peace.» ’ ” |
|| 2 Chr 18:26.
this is what ← thus. baneful bread and water ← bread of affliction and water of affliction. |
| 1 Ki 22:28 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ אִם־שׁ֤וֹב תָּשׁוּב֙ בְּשָׁל֔וֹם לֹֽא־דִבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בִּ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁמְע֖וּ עַמִּ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ | Then Micaiah said, “Whether you will come back at all in peace, the Lord has not pronounced on through me.” And he said, “Pay heed, all you various peoples.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:27.
come back at all: infinitive absolute. pronounced on ← spoken. |
| 1 Ki 22:29 | וַיַּ֧עַל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָֽד׃ | Then the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah went up to Ramoth-Gilead. |
|| 2 Chr 18:28.
Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Ki 22:30 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט הִתְחַפֵּשׂ֙ וָבֹ֣א בַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לְבַ֣שׁ בְּגָדֶ֑יךָ וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּב֖וֹא בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “It is time to disguise oneself and go into the battle, but you wear your royal clothes.” And the king of Israel disguised himself and went into battle. |
|| 2 Chr 18:29.
A plot to have Jehoshaphat killed. |
| 1 Ki 22:31 | וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הָרֶ֨כֶב אֲשֶׁר־ל֜וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־קָטֹ֖ן וְאֶת־גָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | And the king of Aramaea instructed his chariot fleet commanders – thirty-two of them – and said, “Do not fight with small or with great, but rather with the king of Israel only.” | || 2 Chr 18:30. |
| 1 Ki 22:32 | וַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֤מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַ֣ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֻ֥רוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֖ק יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃ | Then it came to pass, when the chariot fleet commanders saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, “Surely he is the king of Israel”, and they turned aside towards him to do battle. But Jehoshaphat shouted out, |
|| 2 Chr 18:31.
they turned aside towards ← turned aside against. |
| 1 Ki 22:33 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְאוֹת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב כִּֽי־לֹא־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ה֑וּא וַיָּשׁ֖וּבוּ מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃ | and it came to pass, when the commanders of the chariot fleet saw that he was not the king of Israel, that they stopped pursuing him. |
|| 2 Chr 18:32.
stopped pursuing him ← returned from after him. |
| 1 Ki 22:34 | וְאִ֗ישׁ מָשַׁ֤ךְ בַּקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לְתֻמּ֔וֹ וַיַּכֶּה֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בֵּ֥ין הַדְּבָקִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ין הַשִּׁרְיָ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְרַכָּב֗וֹ הֲפֹ֥ךְ יָדְךָ֛ וְהוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כִּ֥י הָחֳלֵֽיתִי׃ | Meanwhile a man drew his bow in his innocence, and he hit the king of Israel through the joints between the armour plates. And he said to his chariot driver, “Steer and get me out of the battle theatre, for I have been wounded.” |
|| 2 Chr 18:33.
through the joints between the armour plates ← between the joints and the armour. steer ← turn your hand. |
| 1 Ki 22:35 | וַתַּעֲלֶ֤ה הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הָיָ֧ה מָעֳמָ֛ד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה נֹ֣כַח אֲרָ֑ם וַיָּ֣מָת בָּעֶ֔רֶב וַיִּ֥צֶק דַּֽם־הַמַּכָּ֖ה אֶל־חֵ֥יק הָרָֽכֶב׃ | And the battle intensified on that day, and the king was propped up in the chariot in front of the Aramaeans, and he died in the evening, and blood from the wound poured out over the inside of the chariot. |
|| 2 Chr 18:34.
inside ← bosom. |
| 1 Ki 22:36 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר הָרִנָּה֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כְּבֹ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־עִיר֖וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ | And the outcry spread in the camp at sunset as follows: “Every man to his city and every man to his land!” |
spread ← passed.
as follows ← saying. |
| 1 Ki 22:37 | וַיָּ֣מָת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּב֖וֹא שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | So the king died, and he arrived in Samaria, and they buried the king in Samaria. | |
| 1 Ki 22:38 | וַיִּשְׁטֹ֨ף אֶת־הָרֶ֜כֶב עַ֣ל ׀ בְּרֵכַ֣ת שֹׁמְר֗וֹן וַיָּלֹ֤קּוּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְהַזֹּנ֖וֹת רָחָ֑צוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ | And the chariot was washed out at the pool of Samaria, and the dogs licked his blood, and the prostitutes washed there, according to the word of the Lord which he spoke. |
the chariot was washed out ← one washed the chariot. Avoidance of the passive.
the prostitutes washed there: AV differs (and they washed his armour). |
| 1 Ki 22:39 | וְיֶתֶר֩ דִּבְרֵ֨י אַחְאָ֜ב וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה וּבֵ֤ית הַשֵּׁן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֔ה וְכָל־הֶעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנָ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Ahab, and everything he did, and the ivory house which he built, and all the cities which he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 1 Ki 22:40 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אַחְאָ֖ב עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Ahab lay with his fathers, and Ahaziah his son reigned in his place. | |
| 1 Ki 22:41 | וִיהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ בֶּן־אָסָ֔א מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע לְאַחְאָ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Jehoshapat the son of Asa became king over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab king of Israel. | || 2 Chr 20:31. |
| 1 Ki 22:42 | יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ עֲזוּבָ֖ה בַּת־שִׁלְחִֽי׃ | And Jehoshaphat was thirty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for twenty-five years. And the name of his mother was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi. | || 2 Chr 20:31. |
| 1 Ki 22:43 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּכָל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ אָסָ֥א אָבִ֖יו לֹא־סָ֣ר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he walked in every way of Asa his father; he did not deviate from it, in doing what was right in the Lord's sight. |
|| 2 Chr 20:32.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. This verse is merged with the next verse in the AV. |
| 1 Ki 22:44 1 Ki 22:43AV |
אַ֥ךְ הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹֽא־סָ֑רוּ ע֥וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמֽוֹת׃ | But the idolatrous raised sites were not removed. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense on the idolatrous raised sites. |
|| 2 Chr 20:33.
were not removed ← did not depart. Qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 1 Ki 22:45 1 Ki 22:44AV |
וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ם יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט עִם־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. | |
| 1 Ki 22:46 1 Ki 22:45AV |
וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֧י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט וּגְבוּרָת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נִלְחָ֑ם הֲלֹֽא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Jehoshaphat, and his bravery which he showed, and how he fought – are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? |
|| 2 Chr 20:34.
showed ← did. |
| 1 Ki 22:47 1 Ki 22:46AV |
וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ הַקָּדֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאַ֔ר בִּימֵ֖י אָסָ֣א אָבִ֑יו בִּעֵ֖ר מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And he eradicated from the land the rest of the male prostitutes who remained in the days of Asa. | eradicated ← burnt up. |
| 1 Ki 22:48 1 Ki 22:47AV |
וּמֶ֥לֶךְ אֵ֛ין בֶּאֱד֖וֹם נִצָּ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And there was no king in Edom – no-one was appointed as king. | no-one was appointed as king: AV differs (a deputy was king). |
| 1 Ki 22:49 1 Ki 22:48AV |
יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט *עשר **עָשָׂה֩ אֳנִיּ֨וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֜ישׁ לָלֶ֧כֶת אוֹפִ֛ירָה לַזָּהָ֖ב וְלֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־*נשברה **נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ אֳנִיּ֖וֹת בְּעֶצְי֥וֹן גָּֽבֶר׃ | And Jehoshaphat {Q: built} [K: had ten] ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, but they did not go, because the {Q: ships were} [K: fleet of ships was] broken up in Ezion-Geber. |
|| 2 Chr 20:36.
Tarshish: see 1 Ki 10:22. they ← he / it. We take it as collective usage. Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. |
| 1 Ki 22:50 1 Ki 22:49AV |
אָ֠ז אָמַ֞ר אֲחַזְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט יֵלְכ֧וּ עֲבָדַ֛י עִם־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ בָּאֳנִיּ֑וֹת וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃ | Then Ahaziah the son of Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “Let my servants go with your servants in the ships.” But Jehoshaphat declined the offer. | declined the offer ← was not willing. |
| 1 Ki 22:51 1 Ki 22:50AV |
וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵר֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹרָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ ס | And Jehoshaphat lay with his fathers, and with his fathers he was buried, in the City of David his father, and Jehoram his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:11, 2 Chr 21:1.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. father: standing for forefather. |
| 1 Ki 22:52 1 Ki 22:51AV |
אֲחַזְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אַחְאָ֗ב מָלַ֤ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁבַ֣ע עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁנָתָֽיִם׃ | And Ahaziah the son of Ahab became king over Israel in Samaria in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel for two years. | |
| 1 Ki 22:53 1 Ki 22:52AV |
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אָבִיו֙ וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ אִמּ֔וֹ וּבְדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the Lord's sight, and he walked in the way of his father and in the way of his mother and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat who caused Israel to sin. | |
| 1 Ki 22:54 1 Ki 22:53AV |
וַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ וַיַּכְעֵ֗ס אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אָבִֽיו׃ | And he served Baal and worshipped him, and he provoked the Lord God of Israel to anger, as it was with everything his father did. | |
| 2 Ki 1:1 | וַיִּפְשַׁ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֥וֹת אַחְאָֽב׃ | Now Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab. | |
| 2 Ki 1:2 | וַיִּפֹּ֨ל אֲחַזְיָ֜ה בְּעַ֣ד הַשְּׂבָכָ֗ה בַּעֲלִיָּת֛וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֑חַל וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ לְכ֣וּ דִרְשׁ֗וּ בְּבַ֤עַל זְבוּב֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן אִם־אֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃ ס | And Ahaziah fell through the window in his upper room in Samaria and was wounded, and he sent messengers and said to them, “Go and inquire of Baal-Zebub the god of Ekron whether I will survive this injury.” |
was wounded: qal of חלה, usually to be sick, but also to be sick from wounds [BDB]. Re-pointing to יֵחַל, niphal from root חלל, would more explicitly be was wounded.
window: or latticework. injury: often sickness, ↴ |
| 2 Ki 1:3 | וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה דִּבֶּר֙ אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֣ה הַתִּשְׁבִּ֔י ק֣וּם עֲלֵ֔ה לִקְרַ֖את מַלְאֲכֵ֣י מֶֽלֶךְ־שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּם֙ הֹֽלְכִ֔ים לִדְרֹ֕שׁ בְּבַ֥עַל זְב֖וּב אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֶקְרֽוֹן׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to Elijah the Tishbite, “Arise and go up to meet the king of Samaria's messengers, and say to them, ‘Is it for want of God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal-Zebub the god of Ekron? | ↳ but also wound [BDB]. |
| 2 Ki 1:4 | וְלָכֵן֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַמִּטָּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֛ם לֹֽא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה כִּ֣י מ֣וֹת תָּמ֑וּת וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אֵלִיָּֽה׃ | So this is what the Lord says: «You shall not come down from the bed onto which you have gone up, but you shall surely die.» ’ ” And Elijah departed. |
this is what ← thus.
you shall surely die: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 1:5 | וַיָּשׁ֥וּבוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֵלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מַה־זֶּ֥ה שַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ | Then when the messengers returned to Ahaziah, he said to them, “What have you returned for?” |
Ahaziah ← him. Where we supply ↴
what have you returned for? ← what (is) this you have returned? |
| 2 Ki 1:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ ׀ עָלָ֣ה לִקְרָאתֵ֗נוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֵינוּ֮ לְכ֣וּ שׁוּבוּ֮ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֣ח אֶתְכֶם֒ וְדִבַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתָּ֣ה שֹׁלֵ֔חַ לִדְרֹ֕שׁ בְּבַ֥עַל זְב֖וּב אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן לָ֠כֵן הַמִּטָּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֛ם לֹֽא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ | And they said to him, “A man came up to meet us, and he said to us, ‘Go, return to the king who sent you and say to him, «This is what the Lord says: ‹Is it for want of God in Israel that you are sending messengers to inquire of Baal-Zebub the god of Ekron? That is why you shall not come down from the bed which you went up into, but you shall surely die.› » ’ ” |
↳ an explicit name for clarity, there is usually a pronoun or a personal verbal form in the Hebrew.
this is what ← thus. you shall surely die: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 1:7 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מֶ֚ה מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלָ֖ה לִקְרַאתְכֶ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then he said to them, “What were the characteristics of the man who came up to meet you and told you these things?” | were the characteristics ← (was) the judgment / custom / manner. |
| 2 Ki 1:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אִ֚ישׁ בַּ֣עַל שֵׂעָ֔ר וְאֵז֥וֹר ע֖וֹר אָז֣וּר בְּמָתְנָ֑יו וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֵלִיָּ֥ה הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י הֽוּא׃ | And they said to him, “A hairy man, girded with a leather belt round his waist.” And he said, “He is Elijah the Tishbite.” | |
| 2 Ki 1:9 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֵלָ֛יו שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑יו וַיַּ֣עַל אֵלָ֗יו וְהִנֵּה֙ יֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֔ר וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אִ֚ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דִּבֶּ֖ר רֵֽדָה׃ | Then he sent a commander of fifty to him, with his fifty men, and he went up to Elijah, and there he was sitting on the top of the mountain. And he said to him, “You man of God, the king says, ‘Come down.’ ” | there he was ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 1:10 | וַיַּעֲנֶ֣ה אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיְדַבֵּר֮ אֶל־שַׂ֣ר הַחֲמִשִּׁים֒ וְאִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֱלֹהִים֙ אָ֔נִי תֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתֹאכַ֥ל אֹתְךָ֖ וְאֶת־חֲמִשֶּׁ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֲמִשָּֽׁיו׃ | To this Elijah answered and said to the commander of fifty, “If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.” And fire came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty. |
to this: wider use of the vav.
heaven (2x): or the sky. Also in 2 Ki 1:12 and 1:14. |
| 2 Ki 1:11 | וַיָּ֜שָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֵלָ֛יו שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַחֵ֖ר וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑יו וַיַּ֙עַן֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אִ֚ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מְהֵרָ֥ה רֵֽדָה׃ | Then Ahaziah sent to him again – another commander of fifty and his fifty men – and he addressed Elijah and said to him, “You man of God, this is what the king says: ‘Come down quickly.’ ” |
addressed ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Matt 11:25.
this is what ← thus. come down quickly ← hasten, come down. |
| 2 Ki 1:12 | וַיַּ֣עַן אֵלִיָּה֮ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶם֒ אִם־אִ֤ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אָ֔נִי תֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתֹאכַ֥ל אֹתְךָ֖ וְאֶת־חֲמִשֶּׁ֑יךָ וַתֵּ֤רֶד אֵשׁ־אֱלֹהִים֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל אֹת֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֲמִשָּֽׁיו׃ | To this Elijah answered and said to them, “If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.” And fire of God came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty. |
to this: wider use of the vav.
fire of God: alternatively meaning ferocious fire; see Gen 23:6. |
| 2 Ki 1:13 | וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַ֛ח שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שְׁלִשִׁ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑יו וַיַּ֡עַל וַיָּבֹא֩ שַׂר־הַחֲמִשִּׁ֨ים הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י וַיִּכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֣יו ׀ לְנֶ֣גֶד אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיִּתְחַנֵּ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אִ֚ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים תִּֽיקַר־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֗י וְנֶ֨פֶשׁ עֲבָדֶ֥יךָֽ אֵ֛לֶּה חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | Then he sent again – a commander of a third fifty with his fifty men – and the third commander of fifty went up and arrived there, and he knelt down opposite Elijah and appealed to him and said to him, “O man of God, please let my life and the life of these fifty servants of yours be considered valuable in your sight. | life (2x) ← soul. |
| 2 Ki 1:14 | הִ֠נֵּה יָ֤רְדָה אֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַ֠תֹּאכַל אֶת־שְׁנֵ֞י שָׂרֵ֧י הַחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְאֶת־חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶ֑ם וְעַתָּ֕ה תִּיקַ֥ר נַפְשִׁ֖י בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ ס | Look, fire came down from heaven and consumed the first two commanders of fifty and their fifty men each, so now, let my life be considered valuable in your sight.” |
their fifty men each ← their fifties.
life ← soul. |
| 2 Ki 1:15 | וַיְדַבֵּ֞ר מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ רֵ֣ד אוֹת֔וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֖א מִפָּנָ֑יו וַיָּ֛קָם וַיֵּ֥רֶד אוֹת֖וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the angel of the Lord said to Elijah, “Go down with him; do not be afraid of him.” So he arose and went down with him to the king. | |
| 2 Ki 1:16 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֜עַן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ מַלְאָכִים֮ לִדְרֹשׁ֮ בְּבַ֣עַל זְבוּב֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְרוֹן֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִדְרֹ֖שׁ בִּדְבָר֑וֹ לָ֠כֵן הַמִּטָּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־עָלִ֥יתָ שָּׁ֛ם לֹֽא־תֵרֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ | And he said to the king, “This is what the Lord says: ‘It is because you sent messengers to consult Baal-Zebub the god of Ekron, as if for want of God in Israel, to consult his word, that you will not come down from your bed onto which you have gone up, but you will surely die.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
because ... that ← because ... therefore. as if: wider use of the interrogative particle. you will surely die: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 1:17 | וַיָּ֜מָת כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהוֹרָם֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו פ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לִיהוֹרָ֥ם בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה כִּ֛י לֹֽא־הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ בֵּֽן׃ | And he did die, according to the word of the Lord which Elijah spoke, and Jehoram reigned in his place, in the second year of Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, because Ahaziah did not have a son. | Ahaziah ← he. |
| 2 Ki 1:18 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣מָּה כְתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And the rest of the exploits of Ahaziah which he undertook, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | exploits ... undertook ← things ... did. |
| 2 Ki 2:1 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּהַעֲל֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ בַּֽסְעָרָ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ אֵלִיָּ֛הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֖ע מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ | And it came to pass, when the Lord would take Elijah up to heaven in a storm, that Elijah was walking with Elisha from Gilgal. |
with ← and.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 2 Ki 2:2 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי עַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ וַיֵּרְד֖וּ בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And Elijah said to Elisha, “Stay here please, for the Lord has sent me to Beth-El.” But Elisha said, “As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I certainly will not leave you.” So they both went down to Beth-El. |
you yourself ← your soul.
I certainly will not ← if I leave you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Ki 2:3 | וַיֵּצְא֨וּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בֵּֽית־אֵל֮ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הֲיָדַ֕עְתָּ כִּ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם יְהוָ֛ה לֹקֵ֥חַ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ מֵעַ֣ל רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־אֲנִ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי הֶחֱשֽׁוּ׃ | And the sons of the prophets who were in Beth-El came out to Elisha and said to him, “Are you aware that the Lord is about to take your master away from your company today?” And he said, “I am well aware of it; you keep quiet.” |
company ← head, but also band, company [AnLx].
well ← truly; also. |
| 2 Ki 2:4 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֱלִישָׁ֣ע ׀ שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי יְרִיח֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ | Then Elijah said to him, “Elisha, stay here, please, for the Lord has sent me to Jericho.” But he said, “As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I certainly will not leave you.” So they both went to Jericho. |
you yourself ← your soul.
I certainly will not ← if I leave you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Ki 2:5 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בִּֽירִיחוֹ֮ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הֲיָדַ֕עְתָּ כִּ֣י הַיּ֗וֹם יְהוָ֛ה לֹקֵ֥חַ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ מֵעַ֣ל רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־אֲנִ֥י יָדַ֖עְתִּי הֶחֱשֽׁוּ׃ | And the sons of the prophets who were in Jericho approached Elisha and said to him, “Are you aware that the Lord is about to take your master away from your company today?” And he said, “I am well aware of it; you keep quiet.” |
company ← head, but also band, company [AnLx].
well ← truly; also. |
| 2 Ki 2:6 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ שֵֽׁב־נָ֣א פֹ֗ה כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי הַיַּרְדֵּ֔נָה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then Elijah said to him, “Stay here, please, for the Lord has sent me to the Jordan.” But he said, “As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I certainly will not leave you.” So they both went there. |
you yourself ← your soul.
I certainly will not ← if I leave you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Ki 2:7 | וַחֲמִשִּׁ֨ים אִ֜ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֤י הַנְּבִיאִים֙ הָֽלְכ֔וּ וַיַּעַמְד֥וּ מִנֶּ֖גֶד מֵרָח֑וֹק וּשְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם עָמְד֥וּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And fifty men from the sons of the prophets went out and stood opposite them from a distance, while the two of them stood at the Jordan. | |
| 2 Ki 2:8 | וַיִּקַּח֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ אֶת־אַדַּרְתּ֤וֹ וַיִּגְלֹם֙ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם וַיֵּחָצ֖וּ הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וַיַּעַבְר֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם בֶּחָרָבָֽה׃ | Then Elijah took his cloak and folded it up and struck the water with it, and it parted this way and that way, and the two of them crossed on dry land. | |
| 2 Ki 2:9 | וַיְהִ֣י כְעָבְרָ֗ם וְאֵ֨לִיָּ֜הוּ אָמַ֤ר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע֙ שְׁאַל֙ מָ֣ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ בְּטֶ֖רֶם אֶלָּקַ֣ח מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע וִֽיהִי־נָ֛א פִּֽי־שְׁנַ֥יִם בְּרוּחֲךָ֖ אֵלָֽי׃ | And it came to pass, as they were crossing, that Elijah said to Elisha, “Ask what I should do for you before I am taken away from you.” And Elisha said, “Please let there be twice your spirit in me.” | in me ← towards me. |
| 2 Ki 2:10 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ לִשְׁא֑וֹל אִם־תִּרְאֶ֨ה אֹתִ֜י לֻקָּ֤ח מֵֽאִתָּךְ֙ יְהִֽי־לְךָ֣ כֵ֔ן וְאִם־אַ֖יִן לֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃ | Then he said, “You have made a weighty request. If you see me being taken away from you, it will be so for you. But if not, it will not come to pass.” |
you have made a weighty request ← you have been hard in asking.
being taken: a rare pual participle without a preformative mem. See [Ges-HG] §52s. |
| 2 Ki 2:11 | וַיְהִ֗י הֵ֣מָּה הֹלְכִ֤ים הָלוֹךְ֙ וְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה רֶֽכֶב־אֵשׁ֙ וְס֣וּסֵי אֵ֔שׁ וַיַּפְרִ֖דוּ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּ֙עַל֙ אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ בַּֽסְעָרָ֖ה הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass as they were walking and talking that a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared, and they divided the two of them, and Elijah ascended to heaven in the storm. |
walking and talking: with an infinitive absolute of walking.
appeared ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 2:12 | וֶאֱלִישָׁ֣ע רֹאֶ֗ה וְה֤וּא מְצַעֵק֙ אָבִ֣י ׀ אָבִ֗י רֶ֤כֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפָ֣רָשָׁ֔יו וְלֹ֥א רָאָ֖הוּ ע֑וֹד וַֽיַּחֲזֵק֙ בִּבְגָדָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָעֵ֖ם לִשְׁנַ֥יִם קְרָעִֽים׃ | And Elisha was watching, and shouting, “My father, my father, the chariot of Israel and its horsemen” when he no longer saw him. And he took hold of his clothes and tore them in half. | tore them in half ← tore them into two tears. |
| 2 Ki 2:13 | וַיָּ֙רֶם֙ אֶת־אַדֶּ֣רֶת אֵלִיָּ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָפְלָ֖ה מֵעָלָ֑יו וַיָּ֥שָׁב וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | And he picked up Elijah's cloak which fell off him, and he returned and stood on the bank of the Jordan. | |
| 2 Ki 2:14 | וַיִּקַּח֩ אֶת־אַדֶּ֨רֶת אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֲשֶׁר־נָפְלָ֤ה מֵֽעָלָיו֙ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אַיֵּ֕ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֵלִיָּ֑הוּ אַף־ה֣וּא ׀ וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וַיֵּֽחָצוּ֙ הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֔נָּה וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And he took Elijah's cloak which had fallen off him, and he struck the water, and he said, “Where is the Lord God of Elijah? And the man himself?” And he struck the water, and it parted this way and that way, and Elisha crossed over. |
Where is the Lord God of Elijah: re-pointing (אֱלֹהַי) one would read, Where, (O) Lord my God, (is) Elijah?
and the man himself: AV differs (and when he also). |
| 2 Ki 2:15 | וַיִּרְאֻ֨הוּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־בִּֽירִיחוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נָ֛חָה ר֥וּחַ אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁ֑ע וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֖וֹ אָֽרְצָה׃ | And the sons of the prophets who were in Jericho, opposite, saw him and said, “The spirit of Elijah has rested on Elisha.” Then they came to meet him, and they prostrated themselves to him on the ground. | on the ground ← to the ground. |
| 2 Ki 2:16 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֡יו הִנֵּה־נָ֣א יֵֽשׁ־אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ חֲמִשִּׁ֨ים אֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּנֵֽי־חַ֗יִל יֵ֣לְכוּ נָא֮ וִיבַקְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־אֲדֹנֶיךָ֒ פֶּן־נְשָׂאוֹ֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִכֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּאַחַ֣ד הֶהָרִ֔ים א֖וֹ בְּאַחַ֣ת *הגיאות **הַגֵּאָי֑וֹת וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֥א תִשְׁלָֽחוּ׃ | And they said to him, “Look now, with your servants there are fifty men – soldiers. Please let them go and seek your master, in case some wind from the Lord has carried him away and deposited him on one of the mountains or in one of the valleys.” And he said, “Do not send them.” |
valleys: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
soldiers ← sons of valour. wind from the Lord ← wind of the Lord. Perhaps meaning tremendous wind. Compare see Gen 23:6, but here with the Lord, not God. |
| 2 Ki 2:17 | וַיִּפְצְרוּ־ב֥וֹ עַד־בֹּ֖שׁ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלָ֑חוּ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ וַיְבַקְשׁ֥וּ שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־יָמִ֖ים וְלֹ֥א מְצָאֻֽהוּ׃ | But they pressed him to an embarrassing extent, and he said, “Send them.” So they sent fifty men, and they searched for three days, but they did not find him. | to an embarrassing extent ← up to shame. |
| 2 Ki 2:18 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירִיח֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם הֲלֽוֹא־אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אַל־תֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | And when they returned to him, he was staying in Jericho, and he said to them, “Did I not say to you, ‘Don't go’?” | |
| 2 Ki 2:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֔ע הִנֵּה־נָ֞א מוֹשַׁ֤ב הָעִיר֙ ט֔וֹב כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י רֹאֶ֑ה וְהַמַּ֥יִם רָעִ֖ים וְהָאָ֥רֶץ מְשַׁכָּֽלֶת׃ | Then the men of the city said to Elisha, “Now you see that the housing in the city is good, as my lord can see, but the water is bad, and the ground is barren.” |
now you see that ← behold please.
housing in: or siting of. ground ← land. barren ← bereaving. |
| 2 Ki 2:20 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קְחוּ־לִי֙ צְלֹחִ֣ית חֲדָשָׁ֔ה וְשִׂ֥ימוּ שָׁ֖ם מֶ֑לַח וַיִּקְח֖וּ אֵלָֽיו׃ | And he said, “Fetch me a new plate, and put salt in it.” So they fetched him that. | in it ← there. |
| 2 Ki 2:21 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ אֶל־מוֹצָ֣א הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּשְׁלֶךְ־שָׁ֖ם מֶ֑לַח וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה רִפִּ֙אתִי֙ לַמַּ֣יִם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מִשָּׁ֛ם ע֖וֹד מָ֥וֶת וּמְשַׁכָּֽלֶת׃ | Then he went out to the water-source, and he cast the salt there and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘I will make this water wholesome – there will no longer be death and barren ground from it.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
barren ← bereaving. from it ← from there. |
| 2 Ki 2:22 | וַיֵּרָפ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּדְבַ֥ר אֱלִישָׁ֖ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ פ | And the water was made wholesome, as it has been up to this day, according to the words of Elisha which he spoke. | words ← word. |
| 2 Ki 2:23 | וַיַּ֥עַל מִשָּׁ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְה֣וּא ׀ עֹלֶ֣ה בַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וּנְעָרִ֤ים קְטַנִּים֙ יָצְא֣וּ מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּתְקַלְּסוּ־בוֹ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ עֲלֵ֥ה קֵרֵ֖חַ עֲלֵ֥ה קֵרֵֽחַ׃ | Then he went up from there to Beth-El, and as he was going up on the road, some small boys came out of the city and mocked him and said to him, “Up you go, bald man, up you go, bald man.” | small boys: perhaps young lads. |
| 2 Ki 2:24 | וַיִּ֤פֶן אַֽחֲרָיו֙ וַיִּרְאֵ֔ם וַֽיְקַלְלֵ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה שְׁתַּ֤יִם דֻּבִּים֙ מִן־הַיַּ֔עַר וַתְּבַקַּ֣עְנָה מֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנֵ֖י יְלָדִֽים׃ | And he turned round, and he saw them, and he cursed them in the name of the Lord, and two bears came out of the wood and tore them apart – forty-two children. |
round ← behind him.
bears: the female form is used. |
| 2 Ki 2:25 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֖ם אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וּמִשָּׁ֖ם שָׁ֥ב שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And he went from there to Mount Carmel, and from there he returned to Samaria. | |
| 2 Ki 3:1 | וִיהוֹרָ֣ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֗ב מָלַ֤ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Jehoram the son of Ahab became king over Israel in Samaria in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and he reigned for twelve years. | |
| 2 Ki 3:2 | וַיַּעֲשֶׂ֤ה הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה רַ֕ק לֹ֥א כְאָבִ֖יו וּכְאִמּ֑וֹ וַיָּ֙סַר֙ אֶת־מַצְּבַ֣ת הַבַּ֔עַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did evil in the Lord's sight, but not like his father or like his mother, and he removed the statue of Baal which his father had made. | |
| 2 Ki 3:3 | רַ֠ק בְּחַטֹּ֞אות יָרָבְעָ֧ם בֶּֽן־נְבָ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבֵ֑ק לֹא־סָ֖ר מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ ס | But he clung to the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin – he did not depart from them. | them ← it. |
| 2 Ki 3:4 | וּמֵישַׁ֥ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֖ב הָיָ֣ה נֹקֵ֑ד וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לְמֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאָה־אֶ֣לֶף כָּרִ֔ים וּמֵ֥אָה אֶ֖לֶף אֵילִ֥ים צָֽמֶר׃ | Now Mesha king of Moab was a herdsman, and he handed over to the king of Israel one hundred thousand fatted lambs, and one hundred thousand rams for wool. | handed over ← returned, restored. |
| 2 Ki 3:5 | וַיְהִ֖י כְּמ֣וֹת אַחְאָ֑ב וַיִּפְשַׁ֥ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָ֖ב בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But it came to pass when Ahab died that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel. | |
| 2 Ki 3:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹרָ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא מִשֹּׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּפְקֹ֖ד אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And King Jehoram went out from Samaria on that day, and he counted all of Israel. | |
| 2 Ki 3:7 | וַיֵּ֡לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֨ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מֶ֤לֶךְ מוֹאָב֙ פָּשַׁ֣ע בִּ֔י הֲתֵלֵ֥ךְ אִתִּ֛י אֶל־מוֹאָ֖ב לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶעֱלֶ֔ה כָּמ֧וֹנִי כָמ֛וֹךָ כְּעַמִּ֥י כְעַמֶּ֖ךָ כְּסוּסַ֥י כְּסוּסֶֽיךָ׃ | And he went along and sent messengers to Jehoshaphat king of Judah and said, “The king of Moab has rebelled against me. Will you go to war against Moab with me?” And he said, “I will go up. I am as you are, and my people are as your people, and my horses are as your horses.” | |
| 2 Ki 3:8 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵי־זֶ֥ה הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ נַעֲלֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר דֶּ֖רֶךְ מִדְבַּ֥ר אֱדֽוֹם׃ | And he said, “Which way shall we go up?” And he said, “By the way of the Desert of Edom.” | he said ... he said: i.e. Jehoshaphat said ... Jehoram said, as [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 3:9 | וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וּמֶֽלֶך־יְהוּדָה֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֔וֹם וַיָּסֹ֕בּוּ דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה מַ֧יִם לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | So the king of Israel and the king of Judah and the king of Edom moved, and they circled round for seven days, but there wasn't any water for the camp or for the beasts of burden which followed in their footsteps. |
moved ← went.
circled round ← went round a road. beasts of burden: mentioned with ordinary cattle in 2 Ki 3:17. in their footsteps ← at their feet. |
| 2 Ki 3:10 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲהָ֕הּ כִּֽי־קָרָ֣א יְהוָ֗ה לִשְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מוֹאָֽב׃ | And the king of Israel said, “Alas, for the Lord has called out these three kings to deliver them into the hand of Moab.” | three kings: i.e. Israel, Judah and Edom, against Moab. |
| 2 Ki 3:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט הַאֵ֨ין פֹּ֤ה נָבִיא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְנִדְרְשָׁ֥ה אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה מֵאוֹת֑וֹ וַ֠יַּעַן אֶחָ֞ד מֵעַבְדֵ֤י מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר פֹּ֚ה אֱלִישָׁ֣ע בֶּן־שָׁפָ֔ט אֲשֶׁר־יָ֥צַק מַ֖יִם עַל־יְדֵ֥י אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | But Jehoshaphat said, “Is there no prophet of the Lord here, so we can consult the Lord through him?” Then one of the king of Israel's servants replied and said, “Elisha the son of Shaphat, who poured water on Elijah's hands, is here.” | through him ← from him. |
| 2 Ki 3:12 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט יֵ֥שׁ אוֹת֖וֹ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּרְד֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו מֶ֧לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט וּמֶ֥לֶךְ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | Then Jehoshaphat said, “He has the word of the Lord.” So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. | he has ← there is with him. |
| 2 Ki 3:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֜ע אֶל־מֶ֤לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַה־לִּ֣י וָלָ֔ךְ לֵ֚ךְ אֶל־נְבִיאֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ וְאֶל־נְבִיאֵ֖י אִמֶּ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַ֗ל כִּֽי־קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ לִשְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מוֹאָֽב׃ | And Elisha said to the king of Israel, “What have I got to do with you? Go to your father's prophets and to your mother's prophets.” But the king of Israel said to him, “No, for the Lord has called out these three kings to deliver them into the hand of Moab.” | what have I got to do with you ← what to me and to you. |
| 2 Ki 3:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֗ע חַי־יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָמַ֣דְתִּי לְפָנָ֔יו כִּ֗י לוּלֵ֛י פְּנֵ֛י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י נֹשֵׂ֑א אִם־אַבִּ֥יט אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְאִם־אֶרְאֶֽךָּ׃ | Then Elisha said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, before whom I stand, if it were not that I respect Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I certainly would not look at you or glance at you. |
respect ← bear / lift the face of.
I certainly would not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. glance at ← see, but the context requires a more nuanced verb. |
| 2 Ki 3:15 | וְעַתָּ֖ה קְחוּ־לִ֣י מְנַגֵּ֑ן וְהָיָה֙ כְּנַגֵּ֣ן הַֽמְנַגֵּ֔ן וַתְּהִ֥י עָלָ֖יו יַד־יְהוָֽה׃ | But as it is, bring me a musician, and it will come to pass that as the musician is playing music, the hand of the Lord will be on him.” | as it is ← now. |
| 2 Ki 3:16 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה עָשֹׂ֛ה הַנַּ֥חַל הַזֶּ֖ה גֵּבִ֥ים ׀ גֵּבִֽים׃ | And he said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Make many cisterns which feed off this watercourse’, |
this is what ← thus.
make: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| 2 Ki 3:17 | כִּֽי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לֹֽא־תִרְא֥וּ ר֙וּחַ֙ וְלֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ גֶ֔שֶׁם וְהַנַּ֥חַל הַה֖וּא יִמָּ֣לֵא מָ֑יִם וּשְׁתִיתֶ֛ם אַתֶּ֥ם וּמִקְנֵיכֶ֖ם וּֽבְהֶמְתְּכֶֽם׃ | for this is what the Lord says: ‘You will not see wind, and you will not see rain, yet that watercourse will be filled with water, and you will drink, as will your cattle and your beasts of burden.’ |
this is what ← thus.
yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| 2 Ki 3:18 | וְנָקַ֥ל זֹ֖את בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | And this is easy in the Lord's sight, and he will deliver Moab into your hands. | |
| 2 Ki 3:19 | וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃ | And you will attack every fortified city and every strategic city, and you will fell every good tree, and you will block all sources of water, and you will ravage every fine plot of land with stones.” | strategic ← chosen, select, i.e. for its strategic significance. |
| 2 Ki 3:20 | וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ כַּעֲל֣וֹת הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־מַ֥יִם בָּאִ֖ים מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ אֱד֑וֹם וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass in the morning when the meal-offering was made, that there was water coming from the direction of Edom, and the land was filled with the water. |
that there was ← and behold.
direction ← way. |
| 2 Ki 3:21 | וְכָל־מוֹאָב֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִּצָּעֲק֗וּ מִכֹּ֨ל חֹגֵ֤ר חֲגֹרָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ עַֽל־הַגְּבֽוּל׃ | And all of Moab heard that the kings had come up to wage war against them, and people were called up from all who could gird themselves and of higher rank, and they stood at the border. | gird themselves ← gird a girdle. |
| 2 Ki 3:22 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּרְא֨וּ מוֹאָ֥ב מִנֶּ֛גֶד אֶת־הַמַּ֖יִם אֲדֻמִּ֥ים כַּדָּֽם׃ | And they got up early in the morning as the sun was rising over the water, and the Moabites saw water on the opposite side, as red as blood. | Moabites ← Moab. |
| 2 Ki 3:23 | וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ דָּ֣ם זֶ֔ה הָחֳרֵ֤ב נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְעַתָּ֥ה לַשָּׁלָ֖ל מוֹאָֽב׃ | And they said, “It is blood. The kings must have been cut to pieces, and they must have struck each other down. And now, Moab, off to the spoil!” |
it is blood ← this (is) blood.
must have been cut to pieces: a rare hophal infinitive absolute. AV differs somewhat (must have smitten one another). |
| 2 Ki 3:24 | וַיָּבֹאוּ֮ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּ אֶת־מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם *ויבו־**וַיַּכּוּ־בָ֔הּ וְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־מוֹאָֽב׃ | And they went to Israel's camp, but Israel arose and attacked the Moabites, and they fled from their presence, and the Israelites {Q: attacked} [K: shouted against] them, and they attacked Moab itself. |
We take the ketiv as being from root יבב, as in Judg 5:28.
Moabites ... them ← Moab ... it. |
| 2 Ki 3:25 | וְהֶעָרִ֣ים יַהֲרֹ֡סוּ וְכָל־חֶלְקָ֣ה ט֠וֹבָה יַשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אִישׁ־אַבְנ֜וֹ וּמִלְא֗וּהָ וְכָל־מַעְיַן־מַ֤יִם יִסְתֹּ֙מוּ֙ וְכָל־עֵֽץ־ט֣וֹב יַפִּ֔ילוּ עַד־הִשְׁאִ֧יר אֲבָנֶ֛יהָ בַּקִּ֖יר חֲרָ֑שֶׂת וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ הַקַּלָּעִ֖ים וַיַּכּֽוּהָ׃ | And they demolished the cities, and each man hurled his stone at every fine plot of land, and they filled it in, and they blocked every source of water, and they felled every good tree, until they had only left the stones at Kir-Hareseth. But the slingers surrounded it and attacked it. | Kir-Hareseth: AV= Kir-haraseth, the pausal form. Compare Isa 16:11. See Gen 4:2. |
| 2 Ki 3:26 | וַיַּרְא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב כִּֽי־חָזַ֥ק מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֣ח א֠וֹתוֹ שְׁבַע־מֵא֨וֹת אִ֜ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חֶ֗רֶב לְהַבְקִ֛יעַ אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אֱד֖וֹם וְלֹ֥א יָכֹֽלוּ׃ | Then when the king of Moab saw that the war was too strongly against him, he took seven hundred men with him who drew the sword, to break through to the king of Edom, but they could not do it. | was too strongly against him ← was stronger than him. |
| 2 Ki 3:27 | וַיִּקַּח֩ אֶת־בְּנ֨וֹ הַבְּכ֜וֹר אֲשֶׁר־יִמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֗יו וַיַּעֲלֵ֤הוּ עֹלָה֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה וַיְהִ֥י קֶצֶף־גָּד֖וֹל עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ לָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | Then he took his firstborn son who would have reigned in his place, and he offered him as a burnt offering on the wall. And there was great wrath against Israel, and they departed from him and returned to the land. |
there was great wrath against Israel: it is not clear on whose part – the Moabites, or Judah and Edom, or God. See [PC].
they departed from him: i.e. Israel departed from the king of Moab. See [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 4:1 | וְאִשָּׁ֣ה אַחַ֣ת מִנְּשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַ֠נְּבִיאִים צָעֲקָ֨ה אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע לֵאמֹ֗ר עַבְדְּךָ֤ אִישִׁי֙ מֵ֔ת וְאַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֣י עַבְדְּךָ֔ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֖א אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַ֨נֹּשֶׁ֔ה בָּ֗א לָקַ֜חַת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֧י יְלָדַ֛י ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִֽים׃ | And a certain woman from the wives of the sons of the prophets cried out to Elisha and said, “Your servant my husband has died, and you know that your servant feared the Lord, but a creditor has come to take my two children to be his slaves.” |
a certain ← one.
a creditor ← the creditor. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 4:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלֶ֤יהָ אֱלִישָׁע֙ מָ֣ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ הַגִּ֣ידִי לִ֔י מַה־יֶּשׁ־*לכי **לָ֖ךְ בַּבָּ֑יִת וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֣ין לְשִׁפְחָתְךָ֥ כֹל֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת כִּ֖י אִם־אָס֥וּךְ שָֽׁמֶן׃ | Then Elisha said to her, “What should I do for you? Tell me what you have in the house.” And she said, “Your maidservant does not have anything in the house except a flask of oil.” |
you: the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
anything ← everything. |
| 2 Ki 4:3 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכִ֨י שַׁאֲלִי־לָ֤ךְ כֵּלִים֙ מִן־הַח֔וּץ מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־*שכנכי **שְׁכֵנָ֑יִךְ כֵּלִ֥ים רֵקִ֖ים אַל־תַּמְעִֽיטִי׃ | And he said, “Go and ask for crockery from those round about – from {K: every neighbour of yours} [Q: all neighbours of yours] – empty pots and pans, and do not ask for a few. |
the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
ask for ← ask for yourself. Perhaps meaning borrow. those round about ← the outside. ask for a few ← make few. |
| 2 Ki 4:4 | וּבָ֗את וְסָגַ֤רְתְּ הַדֶּ֙לֶת֙ בַּעֲדֵ֣ךְ וּבְעַד־בָּנַ֔יִךְ וְיָצַ֕קְתְּ עַ֥ל כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְהַמָּלֵ֖א תַּסִּֽיעִי׃ | And when you come back in, close the door after you and after your sons, and pour your oil out into all those pots and pans, and put that which is full away.” | pots and pans ← utensils. This also applies in 2 Ki 4:3. |
| 2 Ki 4:5 | וַתֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֵֽאִתּ֔וֹ וַתִּסְגֹּ֣ר הַדֶּ֔לֶת בַּעֲדָ֖הּ וּבְעַ֣ד בָּנֶ֑יהָ הֵ֛ם מַגִּשִׁ֥ים אֵלֶ֖יהָ וְהִ֥יא *מיצקת **מוֹצָֽקֶת׃ | And after she had departed from him and had closed the door after her, and after her sons, they brought the pots and pans to her, and she did the pouring. | did the pouring: the ketiv is piel; the qeré hiphil [BDB], but somewhat irregularly so (expect מוֹצִיקָה) and with the same meaning. |
| 2 Ki 4:6 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּמְלֹ֣את הַכֵּלִ֗ים וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־בְּנָהּ֙ הַגִּ֨ישָׁה אֵלַ֥י עוֹד֙ כֶּ֔לִי וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אֵ֥ין ע֖וֹד כֶּ֑לִי וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד הַשָּֽׁמֶן׃ | And it came to pass, when the pots and pans had been filled, that she said to her son, “Bring another pot to me.” But he said to her, “There aren't any more pots.” And the oil held out. |
pots and pans ... pot ← utensils ... utensil.
there aren't any more pots ← (there is) no utensil any more. held out ← stood. |
| 2 Ki 4:7 | וַתָּבֹ֗א וַתַּגֵּד֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכִי֙ מִכְרִ֣י אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֔מֶן וְשַׁלְּמִ֖י אֶת־*נשיכי **נִשְׁיֵ֑ךְ וְאַ֣תְּ *בניכי **וּבָנַ֔יִךְ תִֽחְיִ֖י בַּנּוֹתָֽר׃ פ | Then she came and told the man of God, and he said, “Go and sell the oil and pay your debt, and you and your sons live from the rest.” | your debt ... your sons: the ketiv is in both cases an Aramaic form. |
| 2 Ki 4:8 | וַיְהִ֨י הַיּ֜וֹם וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ר אֱלִישָׁ֣ע אֶל־שׁוּנֵ֗ם וְשָׁם֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַתַּחֲזֶק־בּ֖וֹ לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַֽיְהִי֙ מִדֵּ֣י עָבְר֔וֹ יָסֻ֥ר שָׁ֖מָּה לֶאֱכָל־לָֽחֶם׃ | And it came to pass, on the day when Elisha crossed over to Shunem, where a high-ranking woman was, that she urged him to eat bread, and it was the case that every time he passed by, he turned aside there to eat bread. |
high-ranking ← large; great, also in dignity.
urged ← took hold of. bread (2x): standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Ki 4:9 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אִישָׁ֔הּ הִנֵּה־נָ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קָד֣וֹשׁ ה֑וּא עֹבֵ֥ר עָלֵ֖ינוּ תָּמִֽיד׃ | And she said to her husband, “Look, please, I know that he is a holy man of God, who is always calling in on us. | calling in on ← passing at / to. |
| 2 Ki 4:10 | נַֽעֲשֶׂה־נָּ֤א עֲלִיַּת־קִיר֙ קְטַנָּ֔ה וְנָשִׂ֨ים ל֥וֹ שָׁ֛ם מִטָּ֥ה וְשֻׁלְחָ֖ן וְכִסֵּ֣א וּמְנוֹרָ֑ה וְהָיָ֛ה בְּבֹא֥וֹ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ יָס֥וּר שָֽׁמָּה׃ | Let us make a small walled upper room and put a bed and table and chair and lampstand for him there, so that when he comes to us, he can turn in there.” | so that ← and it will be that. Purposive. |
| 2 Ki 4:11 | וַיְהִ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם וַיָּ֣בֹא שָׁ֑מָּה וַיָּ֥סַר אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּ֖ה וַיִּשְׁכַּב־שָֽׁמָּה׃ | And it came to pass, on a day when he came there, that he turned in to the upper room, and he lay there, | |
| 2 Ki 4:12 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־גֵּחֲזִ֣י נַעֲר֔וֹ קְרָ֖א לַשּׁוּנַמִּ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את וַיִּקְרָא־לָ֔הּ וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָֽיו׃ | and he said to Gehazi his servant-lad, “Call this Shunammitess.” So he called her, and she stood before him. | |
| 2 Ki 4:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֵלֶיהָ֮ הִנֵּ֣ה חָרַ֣דְתְּ ׀ אֵלֵינוּ֮ אֶת־כָּל־הַחֲרָדָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֒ מֶ֚ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֔ךְ הֲיֵ֤שׁ לְדַבֶּר־לָךְ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ א֖וֹ אֶל־שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֑א וַתֹּ֕אמֶר בְּת֥וֹךְ עַמִּ֖י אָנֹכִ֥י יֹשָֽׁבֶת׃ | And Elisha said to Gehazi, “Now say to her, ‘Look, you have taken all this care over us. What can we do for you? Is there a reason to speak to the king on your behalf? Or to the commander of the army?’ ” And she said, “I live among my people.” | taken ... care ← feared ... fear, but also used of caring [AnLx]. |
| 2 Ki 4:14 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר וּמֶ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֑הּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גֵּיחֲזִ֗י אֲבָ֛ל בֵּ֥ן אֵֽין־לָ֖הּ וְאִישָׁ֥הּ זָקֵֽן׃ | And Elisha said, “What can we do for her?” And Gehazi said, “Truly, she does not have a son, and her husband is old.” | |
| 2 Ki 4:15 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר קְרָא־לָ֑הּ וַיִּקְרָא־לָ֔הּ וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּפָּֽתַח׃ | And he said, “Call her.” So he called her, and she stood at the entrance. | |
| 2 Ki 4:16 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לַמּוֹעֵ֤ד הַזֶּה֙ כָּעֵ֣ת חַיָּ֔ה *אתי **אַ֖תְּ חֹבֶ֣קֶת בֵּ֑ן וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־אֲדֹנִי֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אַל־תְּכַזֵּ֖ב בְּשִׁפְחָתֶֽךָ׃ | And he said, “At this time next year, you will be embracing a son.” But she said, “No, my lord, O man of God, don't deceive your maidservant.” |
you: the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
at this time next year: see Gen 18:10. AV differs (according to the time of life), more literal and also possible. |
| 2 Ki 4:17 | וַתַּ֥הַר הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן לַמּוֹעֵ֤ד הַזֶּה֙ כָּעֵ֣ת חַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יהָ אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And the woman conceived and bore a son, at that time in the next year, which was what Elisha had said to her. | at that time in the next year: see 2 Ki 4:16. |
| 2 Ki 4:18 | וַיִּגְדַּ֖ל הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיֵּצֵ֥א אֶל־אָבִ֖יו אֶל־הַקֹּצְרִֽים׃ | And the child grew up, and the day came when he went out to his father – to the reapers. | |
| 2 Ki 4:19 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־אָבִ֖יו רֹאשִׁ֣י ׀ רֹאשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר שָׂאֵ֖הוּ אֶל־אִמּֽוֹ׃ | And he said to his father, “My head, my head!” And he said to the servant-lad, “Take him to his mother.” | |
| 2 Ki 4:20 | וַיִּשָּׂאֵ֔הוּ וַיְבִיאֵ֖הוּ אֶל־אִמּ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב עַל־בִּרְכֶּ֛יהָ עַד־הַֽצָּהֳרַ֖יִם וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | So he took him and brought him to his mother, and he sat on her knees until noon, then he died. | |
| 2 Ki 4:21 | וַתַּ֙עַל֙ וַתַּשְׁכִּבֵ֔הוּ עַל־מִטַּ֖ת אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַתִּסְגֹּ֥ר בַּעֲד֖וֹ וַתֵּצֵֽא׃ | Then she went up and laid him on the bed of the man of God, and she shut the door on him and went out. | |
| 2 Ki 4:22 | וַתִּקְרָא֮ אֶל־אִישָׁהּ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שִׁלְחָ֨ה נָ֥א לִי֙ אֶחָ֣ד מִן־הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְאַחַ֖ת הָאֲתֹנ֑וֹת וְאָר֛וּצָה עַד־אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאָשֽׁוּבָה׃ | And she called her husband and said, “Would you please send for one of the servant-lads for me, and one of the donkeys, and I will hasten to the man of God and return.” |
donkeys ← she-donkeys.
hasten ← run. |
| 2 Ki 4:23 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מַ֠דּוּעַ *אתי **אַ֣תְּ *הלכתי **הֹלֶ֤כֶת אֵלָיו֙ הַיּ֔וֹם לֹֽא־חֹ֖דֶשׁ וְלֹ֣א שַׁבָּ֑ת וַתֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And he said, “Why are you going to him today? It isn't a new month and it isn't a Sabbath.” And she said, “It is for our welfare.” |
you going: the ketiv of both words has an Aramaic form.
welfare ← peace, but with wider scope. |
| 2 Ki 4:24 | וַֽתַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ הָֽאָת֔וֹן וַתֹּ֥אמֶר אֶֽל־נַעֲרָ֖הּ נְהַ֣ג וָלֵ֑ךְ אַל־תַּעֲצָר־לִ֣י לִרְכֹּ֔ב כִּ֖י אִם־אָמַ֥רְתִּי לָֽךְ׃ | So she saddled the donkey and said to her servant-lad, “Drive it and get going. Don't stop riding for me unless I tell you.” | donkey ← she-donkey. |
| 2 Ki 4:25 | וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ וַתָּב֛וֹא אֶל־אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וַ֠יְהִי כִּרְא֨וֹת אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים אֹתָהּ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־גֵּיחֲזִ֣י נַעֲר֔וֹ הִנֵּ֖ה הַשּׁוּנַמִּ֥ית הַלָּֽז׃ | So off she went, and she came to the man of God at Mount Carmel, and it came to pass, when the man of God saw her approaching, that he said to Gehazi his servant-lad, “Look, it is that Shunammitess. |
approaching ← opposite.
that Shunammitess ← this Shunammitess. |
| 2 Ki 4:26 | עַתָּה֮ רֽוּץ־נָ֣א לִקְרָאתָהּ֒ וֶאֱמָר־לָ֗הּ הֲשָׁל֥וֹם לָ֛ךְ הֲשָׁל֥וֹם לְאִישֵׁ֖ךְ הֲשָׁל֣וֹם לַיָּ֑לֶד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר שָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Now run to meet her and ask her, ‘Are you well, and is your husband well, and is the child well?’ ” And she said, “We are well.” |
ask ← say to.
well (4x) ← peace. |
| 2 Ki 4:27 | וַתָּבֹ֞א אֶל־אִ֤ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־הָהָ֔ר וַֽתַּחֲזֵ֖ק בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ גֵּֽיחֲזִ֜י לְהָדְפָ֗הּ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אִ֨ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים הַרְפֵּֽה־לָהּ֙ כִּֽי־נַפְשָׁ֣הּ מָֽרָה־לָ֔הּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הֶעְלִ֣ים מִמֶּ֔נִּי וְלֹ֥א הִגִּ֖יד לִֽי׃ | Then she came to the man of God at the mountain, and she held onto his feet, and Gehazi approached to thrust her away, but the man of God said, “Leave her alone, for she is feeling very bitter, but the Lord has hidden the matter from me and has not told me about it.” |
at the mountain ← to the mountain.
but (2x): adversative use of the vav. she is feeling very bitter ← her soul (is) bitter to her. |
| 2 Ki 4:28 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר הֲשָׁאַ֥לְתִּי בֵ֖ן מֵאֵ֣ת אֲדֹנִ֑י הֲלֹ֣א אָמַ֔רְתִּי לֹ֥א תַשְׁלֶ֖ה אֹתִֽי׃ | Then she said, “Did I ask my lord for a son? Didn't I say, ‘Don't deceive me’?” | |
| 2 Ki 4:29 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לְגֵיחֲזִ֜י חֲגֹ֣ר מָתְנֶ֗יךָ וְקַ֨ח מִשְׁעַנְתִּ֣י בְיָדְךָ֮ וָלֵךְ֒ כִּֽי־תִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א תְבָרְכֶ֔נּוּ וְכִֽי־יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א תַעֲנֶנּ֑וּ וְשַׂמְתָּ֥ מִשְׁעַנְתִּ֖י עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַנָּֽעַר׃ | Then Elisha said to Gehazi, “Gird up your loins and take my staff in your hand and go. If you come across a man, do not greet him, and if a man greets you, do not answer him. Then lay my staff on the child's face.” |
come across ← find.
greet ... greets ← bless ... blesses. |
| 2 Ki 4:30 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ם הַנַּ֔עַר חַי־יְהוָ֥ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ אִם־אֶעֶזְבֶ֑ךָּ וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אַחֲרֶֽיהָ׃ | Then the boy's mother said, “As the Lord lives and as you yourself live, I certainly will not leave you.” And he arose and followed her. |
you yourself ← your soul.
I certainly will not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| 2 Ki 4:31 | וְגֵחֲזִ֞י עָבַ֣ר לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֶת־הַמִּשְׁעֶ֙נֶת֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל וְאֵ֣ין קָ֑שֶׁב וַיָּ֤שָׁב לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א הֵקִ֖יץ הַנָּֽעַר׃ | So Gehazi crossed over before them, and he laid the staff on the boy's face, but there was no sound and no responsiveness. So he went back to meet Elisha, and he reported to him and said, “The boy did not awaken.” | Elisha ← him. |
| 2 Ki 4:32 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אֱלִישָׁ֖ע הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנַּ֙עַר֙ מֵ֔ת מֻשְׁכָּ֖ב עַל־מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ | Then Elisha went to the house, and it was clear that the boy was dead, laid out on his bed. | it was clear that ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 4:33 | וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר הַדֶּ֖לֶת בְּעַ֣ד שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And he went in, and he closed the door behind both of them, and he prayed to the Lord. | |
| 2 Ki 4:34 | וַיַּ֜עַל וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עַל־הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַיָּשֶׂם֩ פִּ֨יו עַל־פִּ֜יו וְעֵינָ֤יו עַל־עֵינָיו֙ וְכַפָּ֣יו עַל־*כפו **כַּפָּ֔יו וַיִּגְהַ֖ר עָלָ֑יו וַיָּ֖חָם בְּשַׂ֥ר הַיָּֽלֶד׃ | Then he went up and lay on the child and positioned his own mouth to his mouth, and his own eyes to his eyes, and his own hands to his hands, and he leant over him, and the child's flesh warmed up. | hands: the ketiv is strictly speaking hand, but it could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| 2 Ki 4:35 | וַיָּ֜שָׁב וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בַּבַּ֗יִת אַחַ֥ת הֵ֙נָּה֙ וְאַחַ֣ת הֵ֔נָּה וַיַּ֖עַל וַיִּגְהַ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וַיְזוֹרֵ֤ר הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֔ים וַיִּפְקַ֥ח הַנַּ֖עַר אֶת־עֵינָֽיו׃ | Then he returned and paced up and down in the house, and he went up and leant over him. Then the child sneezed seven times, and the child opened his eyes. | paced up and down ← walked one hither and one hither. |
| 2 Ki 4:36 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֶל־גֵּיחֲזִ֗י וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ קְרָא֙ אֶל־הַשֻּׁנַמִּ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את וַיִּקְרָאֶ֖הָ וַתָּב֣וֹא אֵלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שְׂאִ֥י בְנֵֽךְ׃ | Then he called Gehazi and said, “Call this Shunammitess.” So he called her, and she came to him. And he said, “Lift your son up.” | |
| 2 Ki 4:37 | וַתָּבֹא֙ וַתִּפֹּ֣ל עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה וַתִּשָּׂ֥א אֶת־בְּנָ֖הּ וַתֵּצֵֽא׃ פ | And she went in and fell at his feet and bowed face down to the ground. Then she lifted her son up and went out. | |
| 2 Ki 4:38 | וֶאֱלִישָׁ֞ע שָׁ֤ב הַגִּלְגָּ֙לָה֙ וְהָרָעָ֣ב בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּבְנֵי֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים יֹשְׁבִ֖ים לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֗וֹ שְׁפֹת֙ הַסִּ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וּבַשֵּׁ֥ל נָזִ֖יד לִבְנֵ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ | Then Elisha returned to Gilgal, and there was a famine in the land, and the sons of the prophets were sitting in front of him. And he said to his servant-lad, “Put the large pot on the fire and cook a stew for the sons of the prophets.” | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| 2 Ki 4:39 | וַיֵּצֵ֨א אֶחָ֣ד אֶל־הַשָּׂדֶה֮ לְלַקֵּ֣ט אֹרֹת֒ וַיִּמְצָא֙ גֶּ֣פֶן שָׂדֶ֔ה וַיְלַקֵּ֥ט מִמֶּ֛נּוּ פַּקֻּעֹ֥ת שָׂדֶ֖ה מְלֹ֣א בִגְד֑וֹ וַיָּבֹ֗א וַיְפַלַּ֛ח אֶל־סִ֥יר הַנָּזִ֖יד כִּֽי־לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃ | And one of them went out into the countryside to gather some herbs, and he came across a desert gourd, and he gathered its fruit, filling his pockets. And he came back and sliced them into the pot of stew, but they did not know about it. |
came across ← found.
desert gourd (citrullus colocynthis) ← wild vine, but this ↴ fruit: a term for wild fruit, or for the shape of a fruit. pockets ← clothes. |
| 2 Ki 4:40 | וַיִּֽצְק֥וּ לַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים לֶאֱכ֑וֹל וַ֠יְהִי כְּאָכְלָ֨ם מֵהַנָּזִ֜יד וְהֵ֣מָּה צָעָ֗קוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ מָ֤וֶת בַּסִּיר֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ לֶאֱכֹֽל׃ | And when they had poured it out for the men to eat, it came to pass that when they ate the stew, they shouted and said, “There is death in the pot, O man of God.” And they could not eat it. | ↳ cannot be like a cultivated vine. The desert gourd has an extremely bitter taste. Perhaps something more poisonous is meant, as the stew is made wholesome by a miracle in 2 Ki 4:41. |
| 2 Ki 4:41 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ וּקְחוּ־קֶ֔מַח וַיַּשְׁלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־הַסִּ֑יר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר צַ֤ק לָעָם֙ וְיֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְלֹ֥א הָיָ֛ה דָּבָ֥ר רָ֖ע בַּסִּֽיר׃ ס | Then he said, “Then bring flour.” And he threw it into the pot and said, “Pour it out for the people so that they can eat.” And there was nothing unsavoury in the pot. |
so that: purposive use of the vav; also in the next verses.
unsavoury ← bad. |
| 2 Ki 4:42 | וְאִ֨ישׁ בָּ֜א מִבַּ֣עַל שָׁלִ֗שָׁה וַיָּבֵא֩ לְאִ֨ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים לֶ֤חֶם בִּכּוּרִים֙ עֶשְׂרִֽים־לֶ֣חֶם שְׂעֹרִ֔ים וְכַרְמֶ֖ל בְּצִקְלֹנ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר תֵּ֥ן לָעָ֖ם וְיֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ | Subsequently, a man came from Baal-Shalishah, who brought for the man of God bread from the firstfruits – twenty barley loaves and some produce of his best field – in his bag. And Elisha said, “Give them to the people so that they may eat.” |
Baal-Shalishah: see 1 Sam 9:4.
in his bag: AV differs (in the husk thereof), which is also possible. |
| 2 Ki 4:43 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ מָ֚ה אֶתֵּ֣ן זֶ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י מֵ֣אָה אִ֑ישׁ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תֵּ֤ן לָעָם֙ וְיֹאכֵ֔לוּ כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֖ה אָכֹ֥ל וְהוֹתֵֽר׃ | But his attendant said, “What? Am I to serve this to a hundred people?” And Elisha said, “Serve it to the people so that they may eat, for this is what the Lord says: ‘They will eat and have some left over.’ ” |
serve (2x) ← give / put.
this is what ← thus. they will eat ... have some left over: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb in both cases. |
| 2 Ki 4:44 | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן לִפְנֵיהֶ֛ם וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ וַיּוֹתִ֖רוּ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ | Then he served it to them, and they ate, and they had some left over, according to the word of the Lord. | served ... to ← gave, put ... before. |
| 2 Ki 5:1 | וְ֠נַעֲמָן שַׂר־צְבָ֨א מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם הָיָ֣ה אִישׁ֩ גָּד֨וֹל לִפְנֵ֤י אֲדֹנָיו֙ וּנְשֻׂ֣א פָנִ֔ים כִּֽי־ב֛וֹ נָֽתַן־יְהוָ֥ה תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה לַאֲרָ֑ם וְהָאִ֗ישׁ הָיָ֛ה גִּבּ֥וֹר חַ֖יִל מְצֹרָֽע׃ | Now Naaman, a commander of the army of the king of Aramaea, was an important man before his master, and high-ranking, because through him the Lord had given victory to Aramaea. And the man was a valiant warrior, but a leper. |
important ← great.
high-ranking ← elevated of face. victory ← salvation. |
| 2 Ki 5:2 | וַאֲרָם֙ יָצְא֣וּ גְדוּדִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁבּ֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נַעֲרָ֣ה קְטַנָּ֑ה וַתְּהִ֕י לִפְנֵ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת נַעֲמָֽן׃ | And the Aramaeans had gone out in troops, and they had taken a young girl from the land of Israel captive, and she was in the presence of Naaman's wife. | |
| 2 Ki 5:3 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־גְּבִרְתָּ֔הּ אַחֲלֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י לִפְנֵ֥י הַנָּבִ֖יא אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן אָ֛ז יֶאֱסֹ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ מִצָּרַעְתּֽוֹ׃ | And she said to her mistress, “If only my master was in the presence of the prophet who is in Samaria. Then he would relieve him of his leprosy.” | relieve ← gather; take away. |
| 2 Ki 5:4 | וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לַאדֹנָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּזֹ֤את וְכָזֹאת֙ דִּבְּרָ֣ה הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵאֶ֥רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And someone came and told his master and said, “The girl from the land of Israel said such and such.” | |
| 2 Ki 5:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָם֙ לֶךְ־בֹּ֔א וְאֶשְׁלְחָ֥ה סֵ֖פֶר אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ וַיִּקַּ֨ח בְּיָד֜וֹ עֶ֣שֶׂר כִּכְּרֵי־כֶ֗סֶף וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ זָהָ֔ב וְעֶ֖שֶׂר חֲלִיפ֥וֹת בְּגָדִֽים׃ | At this the king of Aramaea said, “Get going, get moving, for I will send a communiqué to the king of Israel.” And he went away and took in his hand ten talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten sets of clothes. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
talents: see Ex 25:39. sets ← changes. Very valuable – clothes were extremely expensive in antiquity. |
| 2 Ki 5:6 | וַיָּבֵ֣א הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר וְעַתָּ֗ה כְּב֨וֹא הַסֵּ֤פֶר הַזֶּה֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁלַ֤חְתִּי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־נַעֲמָ֣ן עַבְדִּ֔י וַאֲסַפְתּ֖וֹ מִצָּרַעְתּֽוֹ׃ | And he brought the communiqué to the king of Israel, which said, “Now when this communiqué comes to you, you will see that I have sent my servant Naaman to you for you to relieve him of his leprosy.” | you will see that ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 5:7 | וַיְהִ֡י כִּקְרֹא֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־הַסֵּ֜פֶר וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַאֱלֹהִ֥ים אָ֙נִי֙ לְהָמִ֣ית וּֽלְהַחֲי֔וֹת כִּֽי־זֶה֙ שֹׁלֵ֣חַ אֵלַ֔י לֶאֱסֹ֥ף אִ֖ישׁ מִצָּֽרַעְתּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י אַךְ־דְּעֽוּ־נָא֙ וּרְא֔וּ כִּֽי־מִתְאַנֶּ֥ה ה֖וּא לִֽי׃ | Then it came to pass, when the king of Israel read the communiqué, that he tore his clothes and said, “Am I God, able to kill and make alive? For this man is instructing me to relieve a man of his leprosy. Well be aware then, and see how he is looking for a pretext against me.” |
is instructing me ← is sending to me, but also used of sending a charge.
how ← that. |
| 2 Ki 5:8 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ ׀ אֱלִישָׁ֣ע אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים כִּֽי־קָרַ֤ע מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה קָרַ֖עְתָּ בְּגָדֶ֑יךָ יָבֹֽא־נָ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְיֵדַ֕ע כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ נָבִ֖יא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But it came to pass, when Elisha the man of God heard that the king of Israel had torn his clothes, that he sent word to the king to say, “Why did you tear your clothes? Kindly let him come to me, and he will know that there is a prophet in Israel.” | |
| 2 Ki 5:9 | וַיָּבֹ֥א נַעֲמָ֖ן *בסוסו **בְּסוּסָ֣יו וּבְרִכְבּ֑וֹ וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד פֶּֽתַח־הַבַּ֖יִת לֶאֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | So Naaman came by horse and chariot and stood at the entrance to Elisha's house. | by horse ← {K: by his horse} [Q: by his horses], so in the qeré the chariot is pulled by more than one horse, not made explicit in our translation. |
| 2 Ki 5:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֵלָ֛יו אֱלִישָׁ֖ע מַלְאָ֣ךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר הָל֗וֹךְ וְרָחַצְתָּ֤ שֶֽׁבַע־פְּעָמִים֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְיָשֹׁ֧ב בְּשָׂרְךָ֛ לְךָ֖ וּטְהָֽר׃ | And Elisha sent a messenger to him, who said, “Go and wash seven times in the Jordan, and your flesh will be restored to you, and become clean.” |
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
become clean: AV differs slightly (thou shalt be clean). We take this as an imperative (AV apparently indicative). Compare 2 Ki 5:13. |
| 2 Ki 5:11 | וַיִּקְצֹ֥ף נַעֲמָ֖ן וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הִנֵּ֨ה אָמַ֜רְתִּי אֵלַ֣י ׀ יֵצֵ֣א יָצ֗וֹא וְעָמַד֙ וְקָרָא֙ בְּשֵׁם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו וְהֵנִ֥יף יָד֛וֹ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם וְאָסַ֥ף הַמְּצֹרָֽע׃ | But Naaman became angry and went off and said, “Look, I said to myself, ‘Surely he will come out and stand and call on the name of the Lord his God, and he will wave his hand over the place, and he will relieve the leper. | surely he will come out: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 5:12 | הֲלֹ֡א טוֹב֩ *אבנה **אֲמָנָ֨ה וּפַרְפַּ֜ר נַהֲר֣וֹת דַּמֶּ֗שֶׂק מִכֹּל֙ מֵימֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֲלֹֽא־אֶרְחַ֥ץ בָּהֶ֖ם וְטָהָ֑רְתִּי וַיִּ֖פֶן וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בְּחֵמָֽה׃ | Are not the {K: Abana} [Q: Amana] and Parpar – rivers of Damascus – better than all the water of Israel? Can I not wash in them and become clean?’ ” And he turned and went off in fury. | Parpar: AV= Pharpar, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| 2 Ki 5:13 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֣וּ עֲבָדָיו֮ וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָיו֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אָבִי֙ דָּבָ֣ר גָּד֗וֹל הַנָּבִ֛יא דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ הֲל֣וֹא תַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְאַ֛ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ רְחַ֥ץ וּטְהָֽר׃ | But his servants approached him and spoke to him and said, “My father, if the prophet had spoken some great thing to you, would you not have done it? So how much more should you because he said to you, ‘Wash and become clean’?” | |
| 2 Ki 5:14 | וַיֵּ֗רֶד וַיִּטְבֹּ֤ל בַּיַּרְדֵּן֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֔ים כִּדְבַ֖ר אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּ֣שָׁב בְּשָׂר֗וֹ כִּבְשַׂ֛ר נַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן וַיִּטְהָֽר׃ | So he went down and dipped himself in the Jordan seven times, according to the word of the man of God, and his flesh was restored like the flesh of a small boy, and he became clean. | was restored ← returned. |
| 2 Ki 5:15 | וַיָּשָׁב֩ אֶל־אִ֨ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים ה֣וּא וְכָֽל־מַחֲנֵ֗הוּ וַיָּבֹא֮ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד לְפָנָיו֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה־נָ֤א יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֖י אִם־בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֛ה קַח־נָ֥א בְרָכָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | And he went back to the man of God – he and all his entourage – and he came and stood before him and said, “Look, then, I know that there is no God in the whole world except in Israel. So now, please accept a gift from your servant.” |
entourage ← camp.
gift ← blessing. Compare 1 Sam 25:27, 1 Sam 30:26, 2 Cor 9:5. |
| 2 Ki 5:16 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חַי־יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־עָמַ֥דְתִּי לְפָנָ֖יו אִם־אֶקָּ֑ח וַיִּפְצַר־בּ֥וֹ לָקַ֖חַת וַיְמָאֵֽן׃ | But Elisha said, “As the Lord lives, before whom I stand, I certainly will not accept anything.” And although he pressed him to accept it, he refused. |
I certainly will not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
although: concessive use of the vav. The two vav consecutives in the sentence justify and although. |
| 2 Ki 5:17 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ נַעֲמָן֒ וָלֹ֕א יֻתַּן־נָ֣א לְעַבְדְּךָ֔ מַשָּׂ֥א צֶֽמֶד־פְּרָדִ֖ים אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֡י לֽוֹא־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ ע֨וֹד עַבְדְּךָ֜ עֹלָ֤ה וָזֶ֙בַח֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים כִּ֖י אִם־לַיהוָֽה׃ | Then Naaman said, “So can't just a burden's worth of soil as borne by a pair of mules be given to your servant? For your servant will no longer make a burnt offering or sacrifice to other gods – only to the Lord. |
soil: perhaps a reference to Ex 20:24.
only ← except. |
| 2 Ki 5:18 | לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה יִסְלַ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ בְּב֣וֹא אֲדֹנִ֣י בֵית־רִמּוֹן֩ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֨ת שָׁ֜מָּה וְה֣וּא ׀ נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־יָדִ֗י וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֙יתִי֙ בֵּ֣ית רִמֹּ֔ן בְּהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ בֵּ֣ית רִמֹּ֔ן יִסְלַח־*נא יְהוָ֥ה לְעַבְדְּךָ֖ בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | May the Lord forgive your servant in this matter, when my master goes into the house of Rimmon to bow down there, and he leans on my arm, and I bow in the house of Rimmon. When I bow in the house of Rimmon, may the Lord {K: please} [Q: - ] forgive your servant in this matter.” |
my master: i.e. the king of Aramaea.
he leans on my arm: compare 2 Ki 7:17. I bow (third occurrence in verse): in an Aramaic form. |
| 2 Ki 5:19 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מֵאִתּ֖וֹ כִּבְרַת־אָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And Elisha said to him, “Go in peace.” Then when he had gone short distance away from him, | |
| 2 Ki 5:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גֵּיחֲזִ֗י נַעַר֮ אֱלִישָׁ֣ע אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִים֒ הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ חָשַׂ֣ךְ אֲדֹנִ֗י אֶֽת־נַעֲמָ֤ן הָֽאֲרַמִּי֙ הַזֶּ֔ה מִקַּ֥חַת מִיָּד֖וֹ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֑יא חַי־יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־אִם־רַ֣צְתִּי אַחֲרָ֔יו וְלָקַחְתִּ֥י מֵאִתּ֖וֹ מְאֽוּמָה׃ | Gehazi, the servant-lad of Elisha the man of God said, “Look, my master has declined that from Naaman this Aramaean we should receive from his hand what he brought. As the Lord lives, I will run after him and obtain something from him.” | declined ← spared; held back. |
| 2 Ki 5:21 | וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף גֵּיחֲזִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י נַֽעֲמָ֑ן וַיִּרְאֶ֤ה נַֽעֲמָן֙ רָ֣ץ אַחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּפֹּ֞ל מֵעַ֧ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה לִקְרָאת֖וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הֲשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | So Gehazi pursued Naaman, and when Naaman saw him running after him, he alighted from his chariot, so as to meet him, and he said, “Is all well?” |
alighted ← fell.
well ← peace. |
| 2 Ki 5:22 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ שָׁל֗וֹם אֲדֹנִי֮ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי לֵאמֹר֒ הִנֵּ֣ה עַתָּ֡ה זֶ֠ה בָּ֣אוּ אֵלַ֧י שְׁנֵֽי־נְעָרִ֛ים מֵהַ֥ר אֶפְרַ֖יִם מִבְּנֵ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים תְּנָה־נָּ֤א לָהֶם֙ כִּכַּר־כֶּ֔סֶף וּשְׁתֵּ֖י חֲלִפ֥וֹת בְּגָדִֽים׃ | And he said, “All is well. My master has sent me to say, ‘Look, just now, two young men from Mount Ephraim came to me, from the sons of the prophets. Would you give them a talent of silver and two sets of clothes?’ ” |
well ← peace.
talent: see Ex 25:39. sets: see 2 Ki 5:5. |
| 2 Ki 5:23 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נַעֲמָ֔ן הוֹאֵ֖ל קַ֣ח כִּכָּרָ֑יִם וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֗וֹ וַיָּצַר֩ כִּכְּרַ֨יִם כֶּ֜סֶף בִּשְׁנֵ֣י חֲרִטִ֗ים וּשְׁתֵּי֙ חֲלִפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֔ים וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶל־שְׁנֵ֣י נְעָרָ֔יו וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And Naaman said, “Willingly; take two talents.” So he pressed him, and Naaman bound up two talents of silver in two bags, and two sets of clothing, and he gave them to two of his servant-lads, and they carried them before him. |
willingly: adverbial use of the infinitive absolute. AV differs (be content), an imperative, with [AnLx].
talents (2x): see Ex 25:39. sets: see 2 Ki 5:5. his servant-lads: i.e. Naaman's servants who go with Gehazi. |
| 2 Ki 5:24 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הָעֹ֔פֶל וַיִּקַּ֥ח מִיָּדָ֖ם וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד בַּבָּ֑יִת וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ | Then when Gehazi arrived in the Ophel, he received it all from their hand, and he laid it up in his house. Then he saw the men off, and they departed. | Ophel: or the fortification (in Jerusalem). AV differs, translating (tower), and elsewhere stronghold, forts, Ophel. Indexed in [LHG] as a place name, but described as a technical term, apparently for a fortified height. |
| 2 Ki 5:25 | וְהוּא־בָא֙ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֱלִישָׁ֔ע *מאן **מֵאַ֖יִן גֵּחֲזִ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־הָלַ֥ךְ עַבְדְּךָ֖ אָ֥נֶה וָאָֽנָה׃ | But when he came and stood before his master, Elisha said to him, “Where have you come from, Gehazi?” And he said, “Your servant did not go anywhere in particular.” |
where ... from: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling or alternative form of the qeré.
anywhere in particular ← hither and thither ← hither and hither. |
| 2 Ki 5:26 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ לֹא־לִבִּ֣י הָלַ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר הָֽפַךְ־אִ֛ישׁ מֵעַ֥ל מֶרְכַּבְתּ֖וֹ לִקְרָאתֶ֑ךָ הַעֵ֞ת לָקַ֤חַת אֶת־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ וְלָקַ֣חַת בְּגָדִ֔ים וְזֵיתִ֤ים וּכְרָמִים֙ וְצֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר וַעֲבָדִ֖ים וּשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃ | But he said to him, “Did not my heart sink when the man turned round in his chariot to meet you? Is it a time to receive money and to receive clothes, or olive groves or vineyards or sheep or cattle or menservants or maidservants? |
sink ← go, depart.
in ← from at. |
| 2 Ki 5:27 | וְצָרַ֤עַת נַֽעֲמָן֙ תִּֽדְבַּק־בְּךָ֔ וּֽבְזַרְעֲךָ לְעוֹלָ֑ם וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִלְּפָנָ֖יו מְצֹרָ֥ע כַּשָּֽׁלֶג׃ ס | Now Naaman's leprosy will cling to you and to your seed age-abidingly.” And he departed from his presence leprous like snow. | |
| 2 Ki 6:1 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ בְנֵֽי־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֑ע הִנֵּֽה־נָ֣א הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנַ֜חְנוּ יֹשְׁבִ֥ים שָׁ֛ם לְפָנֶ֖יךָ צַ֥ר מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | And the sons of the prophets said to Elisha, “Just look, the place where we live in your company is too confined for us. |
in your company ← before you.
is too confined for us ← (is) more narrow than we. |
| 2 Ki 6:2 | נֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֣א עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן וְנִקְחָ֤ה מִשָּׁם֙ אִ֚ישׁ קוֹרָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְנַעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֥נוּ שָׁ֛ם מָק֖וֹם לָשֶׁ֣בֶת שָׁ֑ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֵֽכוּ׃ | So please let us go to the Jordan, and let us each take from there a tree, and let us make ourselves a place to live there.” And he said, “Go.” |
tree: the word usually means beam, but see 2 Ki 6:5.
a place to live there ← there a place to live there. |
| 2 Ki 6:3 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד ה֥וֹאֶל נָ֖א וְלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲנִ֥י אֵלֵֽךְ׃ | And one said, “Would you be willing to go with your servants?” And he said, “I will go with you.” | would you be willing ← be willing, please. |
| 2 Ki 6:4 | וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔נָה וַֽיִּגְזְר֖וּ הָעֵצִֽים׃ | So he went with them, and they came to the Jordan, and they cut the trees down. | |
| 2 Ki 6:5 | וַיְהִ֤י הָֽאֶחָד֙ מַפִּ֣יל הַקּוֹרָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל נָפַ֣ל אֶל־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּצְעַ֥ק וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֲהָ֥הּ אֲדֹנִ֖י וְה֥וּא שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And it came to pass, when one was felling a tree, that the axe-head fell into the water. And he shouted out and said, “Oh no, my lord, and it was borrowed.” |
tree: the word usually means beam.
axe-head ← iron. oh no ← alas. borrowed ← asked. |
| 2 Ki 6:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אָ֣נָה נָפָ֑ל וַיַּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־הַמָּק֔וֹם וַיִּקְצָב־עֵץ֙ וַיַּשְׁלֶךְ־שָׁ֔מָּה וַיָּ֖צֶף הַבַּרְזֶֽל׃ | Then the man of God said, “Where did it fall?” And he showed him the place. Then he cut off some wood and threw it there, and he caused the axe-head to float. |
axe-head ← iron.
float ← swim [AnLx]. |
| 2 Ki 6:7 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הָ֣רֶם לָ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יָד֖וֹ וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃ פ | And he said, “Pick it up.” So he stretched out his hand and took hold of it. | pick it up ← raise (it) to yourself. |
| 2 Ki 6:8 | וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם הָיָ֥ה נִלְחָ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּוָּעַץ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֗ר אֶל־מְק֛וֹם פְּלֹנִ֥י אַלְמֹנִ֖י תַּחֲנֹתִֽי׃ | Then when the king of Aramaea was waging war against Israel, he consulted with his servants and said, “My encampment is to be in such and such a place.” | encampment: the word is pointed irregularly. It could be re-pointed to a regular singular (תַּחֲנָתִי) or plural (תַּחֲנֹתָֽי). |
| 2 Ki 6:9 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים אֶל־מֶ֤לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁ֕מֶר מֵעֲבֹ֖ר הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־שָׁ֖ם אֲרָ֥ם נְחִתִּֽים׃ | And the man of God sent word to the king of Israel as follows: “Beware of passing by this place, for that is where the Aramaeans are coming down.” | as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Ki 6:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶֽל־הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָֽמַר־ל֧וֹ אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים *והזהירה **וְהִזְהִיר֖וֹ וְנִשְׁמַ֣ר שָׁ֑ם לֹ֥א אַחַ֖ת וְלֹ֥א שְׁתָּֽיִם׃ | Then the king of Israel sent spies to the place which the man of God had told him of, and {K: had warned him about} [Q: had warned him about it], and where he had been cautious, not just once or twice. | The ketiv suffix refers to the place warned about; the qeré to the person warned. |
| 2 Ki 6:11 | וַיִּסָּעֵר֙ לֵ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֔ם עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם הֲלוֹא֙ תַּגִּ֣ידוּ לִ֔י מִ֥י מִשֶּׁלָּ֖נוּ אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the king of Aramaea's heart was disturbed about this matter, and he called his servants and said to them, “Can you not tell me who it is among us who is collaborating with the king of Israel?” | |
| 2 Ki 6:12 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַחַ֣ד מֵֽעֲבָדָ֔יו ל֖וֹא אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־אֱלִישָׁ֤ע הַנָּבִיא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַ֨דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר בַּחֲדַ֥ר מִשְׁכָּבֶֽךָ׃ | Then one of his servants said, “It's not that, my lord the king, but Elisha the prophet who is in Israel tells the king of Israel the things which you speak in your bedroom.” | tells ... speak: future (tense) / imperfective (aspect) / emanative (perspective) [LMcF]. Compare Gen 2:6. Here there is an iterative aspect. |
| 2 Ki 6:13 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכ֤וּ וּרְאוּ֙ אֵיכֹ֣ה ה֔וּא וְאֶשְׁלַ֖ח וְאֶקָּחֵ֑הוּ וַיֻּגַּד־ל֥וֹ לֵאמֹ֖ר הִנֵּ֥ה בְדֹתָֽן׃ | To this he said, “Go and see where he is, and I will send men to capture him.” And it was reported back to him as follows: “Look, he is in Dothan.” |
to this: wider use of the vav.
as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Ki 6:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַח־שָׁ֛מָּה סוּסִ֥ים וְרֶ֖כֶב וְחַ֣יִל כָּבֵ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ לַ֔יְלָה וַיַּקִּ֖פוּ עַל־הָעִֽיר׃ | Then he sent horses and chariots and a large force there, and they came by night and surrounded the city. | large ← heavy. |
| 2 Ki 6:15 | וַ֠יַּשְׁכֵּם מְשָׁרֵ֨ת אִ֥ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֮ לָקוּם֒ וַיֵּצֵ֕א וְהִנֵּה־חַ֛יִל סוֹבֵ֥ב אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְס֣וּס וָרָ֑כֶב וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נַעֲר֥וֹ אֵלָ֛יו אֲהָ֥הּ אֲדֹנִ֖י אֵיכָ֥ה נַֽעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And when a servant of the man of God arose early, he went out, and what he saw was that a force was surrounding the city – both cavalry and chariots – and his attendant said to him, “Alas, my lord. How do we act now?” |
and what he saw was that ← and behold.
cavalry ... chariots ← horse ...chariot. |
| 2 Ki 6:16 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַל־תִּירָ֑א כִּ֤י רַבִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֔נוּ מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר אוֹתָֽם׃ | But he said, “Do not fear, for there are more with us than with them.” | |
| 2 Ki 6:17 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֤ל אֱלִישָׁע֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר יְהוָ֕ה פְּקַח־נָ֥א אֶת־עֵינָ֖יו וְיִרְאֶ֑ה וַיִּפְקַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עֵינֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָהָ֜ר מָלֵ֨א סוּסִ֥ים וְרֶ֛כֶב אֵ֖שׁ סְבִיבֹ֥ת אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And Elisha prayed and said, “O Lord, please open his eyes so that he may see.” And the Lord opened the lad's eyes so that he might see, and what he saw was the mountain brimming with horses, and chariots of fire around Elisha. |
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav.
what he saw was ← behold. chariots ← a chariot, but one would expect several to surround a person. Collective usage. |
| 2 Ki 6:18 | וַיֵּרְדוּ֮ אֵלָיו֒ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֱלִישָׁ֤ע אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר הַךְ־נָ֥א אֶת־הַגּוֹי־הַזֶּ֖ה בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֑ים וַיַּכֵּ֥ם בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֖ים כִּדְבַ֥ר אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And when they had come down to him, Elisha prayed to the Lord and said, “Please strike this people with blindness.” And he struck them with blindness according to Elisha's word. | |
| 2 Ki 6:19 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם אֱלִישָׁ֗ע לֹ֣א זֶ֣ה הַדֶּרֶךְ֮ וְלֹ֣א זֹ֣ה הָעִיר֒ לְכ֣וּ אַחֲרַ֔י וְאוֹלִ֣יכָה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־הָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּבַקֵּשׁ֑וּן וַיֹּ֥לֶךְ אוֹתָ֖ם שֹׁמְרֽוֹנָה׃ | Then Elisha said to them, “This is not the right way and this is not the right city. Follow me, and I will lead you to the man whom you are seeking.” Then he led them to Samaria. | |
| 2 Ki 6:20 | וַיְהִי֮ כְּבֹאָ֣ם שֹׁמְרוֹן֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע יְהוָ֕ה פְּקַ֥ח אֶת־עֵינֵֽי־אֵ֖לֶּה וְיִרְא֑וּ וַיִּפְקַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּרְא֕וּ וְהִנֵּ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And it came to pass when they arrived in Samaria that Elisha said, “O Lord, open the eyes of these people so that they may see.” And the Lord opened their eyes so that they might see, and what they saw was that they were in Samaria. |
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav.
what they saw was that ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 6:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֔ע כִּרְאֹת֖וֹ אוֹתָ֑ם הַאַכֶּ֥ה אַכֶּ֖ה אָבִֽי׃ | Then the king of Israel said to Elisha when he saw them, “Should I attack them? Should I attack them, my father?” | should I attack ... should I attack: the construction is reminiscent of an infinitive absolute, but it has two finite verbs, only the first with an interrogative particle. |
| 2 Ki 6:22 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א תַכֶּ֔ה הַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁבִ֛יתָ בְּחַרְבְּךָ֥ וּֽבְקַשְׁתְּךָ֖ אַתָּ֣ה מַכֶּ֑ה שִׂים֩ לֶ֨חֶם וָמַ֜יִם לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וְיֹֽאכְלוּ֙ וְיִשְׁתּ֔וּ וְיֵלְכ֖וּ אֶל־אֲדֹנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he said, “You shall not attack. Should you attack those whom you have taken captive by your sword and by your bow? Serve them bread and water so that they may eat and drink, and let them go to their master.” |
serve ← set before.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 2 Ki 6:23 | וַיִּכְרֶ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם כֵּרָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֗ה וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אֶל־אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יָ֤סְפוּ עוֹד֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י אֲרָ֔ם לָב֖וֹא בְּאֶ֥רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | So he gave them a grand feast, and they ate and drank, and he sent them off, and they went back to their master. And the Aramaean troops did not come into the land of Israel again. | |
| 2 Ki 6:24 | וַֽיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיִּקְבֹּ֛ץ בֶּן־הֲדַ֥ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֖ם אֶת־כָּל־מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֕עַל וַיָּ֖צַר עַל־שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And it came to pass after that, that Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea gathered all of his camp and went up, and he besieged Samaria. | See [CB] note on reconciling this verse and the previous verse. |
| 2 Ki 6:25 | וַיְהִ֨י רָעָ֤ב גָּדוֹל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וְהִנֵּ֖ה צָרִ֣ים עָלֶ֑יהָ עַ֣ד הֱי֤וֹת רֹאשׁ־חֲמוֹר֙ בִּשְׁמֹנִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף וְרֹ֛בַע הַקַּ֥ב *חרייונים **דִּבְיוֹנִ֖ים בַּחֲמִשָּׁה־כָֽסֶף׃ | And there was a severe famine in Samaria, and there they were besieging it, until a donkey's head was worth eighty pieces of silver, and a quarter cab of dove's dung was worth five pieces of silver. |
dung: politely expressed in the qeré, less euphemistically in the ketiv.
severe ← great. and there they were ← behold. cab: about 2 pints or 1 litre. |
| 2 Ki 6:26 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֹבֵ֖ר עַל־הַחֹמָ֑ה וְאִשָּׁ֗ה צָעֲקָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And it came to pass that when the king of Israel went across on the wall, a woman shouted out to him and said, “Save us, my lord the king!” | |
| 2 Ki 6:27 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַל־יוֹשִׁעֵ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה מֵאַ֖יִן אֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֑ךְ הֲמִן־הַגֹּ֖רֶן א֥וֹ מִן־הַיָּֽקֶב׃ | And he said, “If the Lord will not save you, from where am I to save you? Is it from the threshing floor or from the wine vat?” | if the Lord will not save you: other possibilities: (1) associating the words differently, no; may the Lord save you; (2) theoretically, may the Lord not save you. |
| 2 Ki 6:28 | וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־לָּ֑ךְ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הָאִשָּׁ֨ה הַזֹּ֜את אָמְרָ֣ה אֵלַ֗י תְּנִ֤י אֶת־בְּנֵךְ֙ וְנֹאכְלֶ֣נּוּ הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־בְּנִ֖י נֹאכַ֥ל מָחָֽר׃ | And the king said to her, “What is the matter?” And she said, “This woman said to me, ‘Give us your son to eat today, and we will eat my son tomorrow.’ |
what is the matter? ← what to you?
tomorrow: this can stand for some day in the future. |
| 2 Ki 6:29 | וַנְּבַשֵּׁ֥ל אֶת־בְּנִ֖י וַנֹּֽאכְלֵ֑הוּ וָאֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יהָ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֵ֗ר תְּנִ֤י אֶת־בְּנֵךְ֙ וְנֹ֣אכְלֶ֔נּוּ וַתַּחְבִּ֖א אֶת־בְּנָֽהּ׃ | So we cooked my son and ate him. Then I said to her on another day, ‘Give us your son for us to eat’, but she has hidden her son.” | |
| 2 Ki 6:30 | וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְה֖וּא עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־הַחֹמָ֑ה וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַשַּׂ֛ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ מִבָּֽיִת׃ | And it came to pass, when the king heard the woman's words, that he tore his clothes, and he crossed over the wall, and the people looked, and they saw sackcloth on his body as an undergarment. |
they saw ← behold.
body ← flesh. as an undergarment ← on the inside. |
| 2 Ki 6:31 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כֹּֽה־יַעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְכֹ֣ה יוֹסִ֑ף אִֽם־יַעֲמֹ֞ד רֹ֣אשׁ אֱלִישָׁ֧ע בֶּן־שָׁפָ֛ט עָלָ֖יו הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And he said, “May God so do to me and more besides if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat remains on him today.” |
may God so do to me and more besides: strong denial using the full oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
remains ← stands. |
| 2 Ki 6:32 | וֶאֱלִישָׁע֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּבֵית֔וֹ וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים יֹשְׁבִ֣ים אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אִ֜ישׁ מִלְּפָנָ֗יו בְּטֶ֣רֶם יָבֹא֩ הַמַּלְאָ֨ךְ אֵלָ֜יו וְה֣וּא ׀ אָמַ֣ר אֶל־הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֞ח בֶּן־הַֽמְרַצֵּ֤חַ הַזֶּה֙ לְהָסִ֣יר אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֔י רְא֣וּ ׀ כְּבֹ֣א הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ סִגְר֤וּ הַדֶּ֙לֶת֙ וּלְחַצְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בַּדֶּ֔לֶת הֲל֗וֹא ק֛וֹל רַגְלֵ֥י אֲדֹנָ֖יו אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | Now Elisha was sitting in his house, and the elders were sitting with him, when the king sent a man away, and before the messenger had come to him, he said to the elders, “Have you seen how this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head? Look, when the messenger comes, shut the door and pin him to the door. Is not the sound of his master's feet right behind him?” |
away ← from his presence.
how ← that. pin ← press. |
| 2 Ki 6:33 | עוֹדֶ֙נּוּ֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ יֹרֵ֣ד אֵלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּֽה־זֹ֤את הָֽרָעָה֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מָֽה־אוֹחִ֥יל לַיהוָ֖ה עֽוֹד׃ ס | While he was still speaking with them, it so happened that the messenger came down to him and said, “Just see this evil from the Lord! Why should I wait for the Lord any longer?” |
it so happened that ← behold.
just see ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 7:1 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ סְאָֽה־סֹ֣לֶת בְּשֶׁ֗קֶל וְסָאתַ֧יִם שְׂעֹרִ֛ים בְּשֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשַׁ֥עַר שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | But Elisha said, “Hear the word of the Lord. This is what the Lord says: ‘At about this time tomorrow, a seah of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two seahs of barley for a shekel at the Gate of Samaria.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
seah (2x): about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| 2 Ki 7:2 | וַיַּ֣עַן הַשָּׁלִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לַמֶּלֶךְ֩ נִשְׁעָ֨ן עַל־יָד֜וֹ אֶת־אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ הִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה עֹשֶׂ֤ה אֲרֻבּוֹת֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם הֲיִהְיֶ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנְּכָ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃ ס | Then the king's adjutant, with the king leaning on his arm, answered the man of God and said, “Even if the Lord were to make hatches in the sky, would this pronouncement come to pass?” But he said, “Behold, you are about to see it with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of it.” |
even if ← behold.
of it ← from there. |
| 2 Ki 7:3 | וְאַרְבָּעָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים הָי֥וּ מְצֹרָעִ֖ים פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מָ֗ה אֲנַ֛חְנוּ יֹשְׁבִ֥ים פֹּ֖ה עַד־מָֽתְנוּ׃ | Now there were four lepers at the entrance to the gate, and they said to each other, “Why are we sitting here until we die? | lepers ← leprous men. |
| 2 Ki 7:4 | אִם־אָמַרְנוּ֩ נָב֨וֹא הָעִ֜יר וְהָרָעָ֤ב בָּעִיר֙ וָמַ֣תְנוּ שָׁ֔ם וְאִם־יָשַׁ֥בְנוּ פֹ֖ה וָמָ֑תְנוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה לְכוּ֙ וְנִפְּלָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֔ם אִם־יְחַיֻּ֣נוּ נִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְאִם־יְמִיתֻ֖נוּ וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ | If we say, ‘Let us go to the city’, and there is a famine in the city, then we will die there. But if we sit here, then we will also die. So now, let's fall away to the Aramaean camp. If they let us live, we will live, and if they kill us, we will die.” | |
| 2 Ki 7:5 | וַיָּק֣וּמוּ בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף לָב֖וֹא אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ עַד־קְצֵה֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם אִֽישׁ׃ | And they arose in the darkness to go to the Aramaean camp, and to the perimeter of the Aramaean camp they came, and what should they see but there was no-one there. |
darkness: or twilight.
to the Aramaean camp ... to the ... Aramaean camp: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. what should they see but ← behold. no-one ← not a man. |
| 2 Ki 7:6 | וַאדֹנָ֞י הִשְׁמִ֣יעַ ׀ אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֗ם ק֥וֹל רֶ֙כֶב֙ ק֣וֹל ס֔וּס ק֖וֹל חַ֣יִל גָּד֑וֹל וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֗יו הִנֵּ֣ה שָֽׂכַר־עָלֵינוּ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־מַלְכֵ֧י הַחִתִּ֛ים וְאֶת־מַלְכֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לָב֥וֹא עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | For the Lord* had caused the Aramaeans' camp to hear the sound of chariots and the sound of cavalry, and the sound of a large force, and they said to each other, “Look, the king of Israel has hired the kings of the Hittites and the kings of Egypt against us, to come against us.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
chariots ... cavalry ← a chariot ... a horse. Collective usage. to each other ← each / a man to his brother. |
| 2 Ki 7:7 | וַיָּקוּמוּ֮ וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ בַנֶּשֶׁף֒ וַיַּעַזְב֣וּ אֶת־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֶת־סֽוּסֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־חֲמֹ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁר־הִ֑יא וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ אֶל־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ | And they arose and fled in the darkness, and they abandoned their tents and their horses and their donkeys. The camp was left as it was, and they fled for their lives. |
darkness: or twilight.
lives ← soul. |
| 2 Ki 7:8 | וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ הַֽמְצֹרָעִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אֶל־אֹ֤הֶל אֶחָד֙ וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֗ם כֶּ֤סֶף וְזָהָב֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיַּטְמִ֑נוּ וַיָּשֻׁ֗בוּ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל אַחֵ֔ר וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיַּטְמִֽנוּ׃ | So these lepers arrived at the perimeter of the camp, and they went into a certain tent, and they ate and drank and took silver and gold from there, and clothes, and they went away and hid them, then they came back and went to another tent, and they took things from there, then they went away and hid them. |
a certain ← one.
hid (2x): typically used of hiding by burying. |
| 2 Ki 7:9 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ לֹֽא־כֵ֣ן ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֗ים הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ יוֹם־בְּשֹׂרָ֣ה ה֔וּא וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ מַחְשִׁ֗ים וְחִכִּ֛ינוּ עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר וּמְצָאָ֣נוּ עָו֑וֹן וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ וְנָבֹ֔אָה וְנַגִּ֖ידָה בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And they said to each other, “It's not honest what we are doing. This day is a day of good news, and we are keeping quiet. If we wait until the light of the morning, we will meet with a charge against us. So now, come on, let's go and tell the king's house.” | we will meet with a charge against us ← an iniquity will find us. |
| 2 Ki 7:10 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֮ אֶל־שֹׁעֵ֣ר הָעִיר֒ וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לָהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֚אנוּ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵֽין־שָׁ֛ם אִ֖ישׁ וְק֣וֹל אָדָ֑ם כִּ֣י אִם־הַסּ֤וּס אָסוּר֙ וְהַחֲמ֣וֹר אָס֔וּר וְאֹהָלִ֖ים כַּאֲשֶׁר־הֵֽמָּה׃ | And they went, and they called for the city gatekeeping staff, and they reported to them and said, “We went to the Aramaeans' camp, and what should we see but that there was no-one there, or the sound of a man, except for a bound horse and a bound donkey, and tents left as they were.” |
gatekeeping staff ← gatekeeper, but clearly more than one person. Collective usage.
what should we see but that ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 7:11 | וַיִּקְרָ֖א הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֕ידוּ בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ פְּנִֽימָה׃ | Then the gatekeeping staff called for and told the people inside the king's house. | called for: discordant, but this is not unusual in Hebrew, and see the previous verse. |
| 2 Ki 7:12 | וַיָּ֨קָם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֔יו אַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שׂוּ לָ֖נוּ אֲרָ֑ם יָדְע֞וּ כִּי־רְעֵבִ֣ים אֲנַ֗חְנוּ וַיֵּצְא֤וּ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ לְהֵחָבֵ֤ה *בהשדה **בַשָּׂדֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־יֵצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ וְנִתְפְּשֵׂ֣ם חַיִּ֔ים וְאֶל־הָעִ֖יר נָבֹֽא׃ | And the king got up in the night and said to his servants, “Let me tell you what the Aramaeans have done to us. They know that we are starving, and they have gone out of the camp to hide in the countryside, and they have said, ‘When they come out of the city, we will take them alive and go into the city.’ ” | in the countryside: the ketiv is an unusual uncontracted form of the preposition and definite article. |
| 2 Ki 7:13 | וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵעֲבָדָ֜יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר וְיִקְחוּ־נָ֞א חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה מִן־הַסּוּסִים֮ הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאֲרוּ־בָהּ֒ הִנָּ֗ם כְּכָל־*ההמון **הֲמ֤וֹן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁאֲרוּ־בָ֔הּ הִנָּ֕ם כְּכָל־הֲמ֥וֹן יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־תָּ֑מּוּ וְנִשְׁלְחָ֖ה וְנִרְאֶֽה׃ | To this one of his servants answered and said, “Let them take five of the horses which remain – which remain in the city. Here they are just like {K: the whole population – Israel – } [Q: the whole population of Israel] which has remained in the city. Here they are just like the whole population of Israel who are perishing. Let us send them and see what happens.” |
to this: wider use of the vav.
in the city (2x) ← in it (feminine), agreeing with city. here they are (2x) ← behold. perishing ← ending. |
| 2 Ki 7:14 | וַיִּקְח֕וּ שְׁנֵ֖י רֶ֣כֶב סוּסִ֑ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֧י מַחֲנֵֽה־אֲרָ֛ם לֵאמֹ֖ר לְכ֥וּ וּרְאֽוּ׃ | So they took two chariots and their horses, and the king sent them to the Aramaeans' camp, and he said, “Go and see.” | to ← after. |
| 2 Ki 7:15 | וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֮ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה כָל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ מְלֵאָ֤ה בְגָדִים֙ וְכֵלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁלִ֥יכוּ אֲרָ֖ם *בהחפזם **בְּחָפְזָ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And they went after them as far as the Jordan, and what they saw was that the whole road was full of clothes and weapons which the Aramaeans had discarded in their haste. Then the messengers returned and reported to the king. |
in their haste: the ketiv is an unusual uncontracted form of the preposition and a (redundant) definite article. Compare 2 Ki 7:12.
what they saw was that ← behold. weapons: or instruments; utensils. |
| 2 Ki 7:16 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א הָעָ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֕זּוּ אֵ֖ת מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֑ם וַיְהִ֨י סְאָה־סֹ֜לֶת בְּשֶׁ֗קֶל וְסָאתַ֧יִם שְׂעֹרִ֛ים בְּשֶׁ֖קֶל כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the people went out and plundered the Aramaeans' camp, and it came to pass that a seah of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two seahs of barley for a shekel, according to the word of the Lord. | seah (2x): about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| 2 Ki 7:17 | וְהַמֶּלֶךְ֩ הִפְקִ֨יד אֶת־הַשָּׁלִ֜ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁעָ֤ן עַל־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּרְמְסֻ֧הוּ הָעָ֛ם בַּשַּׁ֖עַר וַיָּמֹ֑ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּר֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּרֶ֥דֶת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵלָֽיו׃ | Then the king appointed the adjutant on whose arm he leant to be in charge of the gate, but the people trampled on him at the gate, and he died, as the man of God had said, who had spoken when the king came down to him. | on whose arm he leant: compare 2 Ki 5:18. |
| 2 Ki 7:18 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּדַבֵּר֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר סָאתַ֨יִם שְׂעֹרִ֜ים בְּשֶׁ֗קֶל וּֽסְאָה־סֹ֙לֶת֙ בְּשֶׁ֔קֶל יִהְיֶה֙ כָּעֵ֣ת מָחָ֔ר בְּשַׁ֖עַר שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | So it came to pass as the man of God had said to the king, when he said, “There will be two seahs of barley sold for a shekel, and a seah of fine flour for a shekel at about this time tomorrow at the Gate of Samaria”, | seah (2x): about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| 2 Ki 7:19 | וַיַּ֨עַן הַשָּׁלִ֜ישׁ אֶת־אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה עֹשֶׂ֤ה אֲרֻבּוֹת֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם הֲיִהְיֶ֖ה כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנְּךָ֤ רֹאֶה֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃ | when the adjutant responded to the man of God and said, “Even if the Lord were to make hatches in the sky, would such a pronouncement come to pass?” and when Elisha said, “Behold, you will see it with your own eyes, but you will not eat any of it there.” |
even if ← and behold.
pronouncement ← word. of it ← from there. |
| 2 Ki 7:20 | וַיְהִי־ל֖וֹ כֵּ֑ן וַיִּרְמְס֨וּ אֹת֥וֹ הָעָ֛ם בַּשַּׁ֖עַר וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | And that is what happened to the adjutant, and the people trampled on him at the gate, and he died. |
that is what ← thus.
the adjutant ← him. |
| 2 Ki 8:1 | וֶאֱלִישָׁ֡ע דִּבֶּ֣ר אֶל־הָאִשָּׁה֩ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱיָ֨ה אֶת־בְּנָ֜הּ לֵאמֹ֗ר ק֤וּמִי וּלְכִי֙ *אתי **אַ֣תְּ וּבֵיתֵ֔ךְ וְג֖וּרִי בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּג֑וּרִי כִּֽי־קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ לָֽרָעָ֔ב וְגַם־בָּ֥א אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then Elisha spoke to the woman whose son he had revived, and he said, “Arise and go, you and your household, and live wherever you can, for the Lord has called a famine, and moreover it is coming to the land for seven years.” |
you: the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
live wherever you can ← live wherever you will live. moreover ← also, but with wider scope. |
| 2 Ki 8:2 | וַתָּ֙קָם֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֖ר אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ הִיא֙ וּבֵיתָ֔הּ וַתָּ֥גָר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | So the woman arose and acted according to the words of the man of God, and she and her household departed, and she lived in the land of the Philistines for seven years. | words ← word. |
| 2 Ki 8:3 | וַיְהִ֗י מִקְצֵה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וַתָּ֥שָׁב הָאִשָּׁ֖ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַתֵּצֵא֙ לִצְעֹ֣ק אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתָ֖הּ וְאֶל־שָׂדָֽהּ׃ | And it came to pass after seven years that the woman returned from the land of the Philistines and set off to appeal to the king about her house and her field. |
after ← at the end of.
appeal ← cry out. |
| 2 Ki 8:4 | וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ מְדַבֵּר֙ אֶל־גֵּ֣חֲזִ֔י נַ֥עַר אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר סַפְּרָה־נָּ֣א לִ֔י אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַגְּדֹל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | Meanwhile the king was speaking to Gehazi the servant-lad of the man of God, saying, “Please tell me all the great deeds which Elisha has performed.” | meanwhile: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Ki 8:5 | וַ֠יְהִי ה֥וּא מְסַפֵּ֣ר לַמֶּלֶךְ֮ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱיָ֣ה אֶת־הַמֵּת֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָאִשָּׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱיָ֤ה אֶת־בְּנָהּ֙ צֹעֶ֣קֶת אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַל־בֵּיתָ֖הּ וְעַל־שָׂדָ֑הּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר גֵּֽחֲזִי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ זֹ֚את הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וְזֶה־בְּנָ֖הּ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱיָ֥ה אֱלִישָֽׁע׃ | And it came to pass, as he was relating to the king the fact that he had revived the dead, that along came the woman whose son he had revived, appealing to the king about her house and her field. And Gehazi said, “My lord the king, this is the woman and this is her son whom Elisha revived.” |
along came ← behold.
appealing ← crying out. |
| 2 Ki 8:6 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַתְּסַפֶּר־ל֑וֹ וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֣הּ הַמֶּלֶךְ֩ סָרִ֨יס אֶחָ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר הָשֵׁ֤יב אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָהּ֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־תְּבוּאֹ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה מִיּ֛וֹם עָזְבָ֥ה אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃ פ | And the king questioned the woman, and she recounted it to him. And the king gave her a eunuch official and said, “Restore to her everything that is hers, and all the produce of her field, from the day she left the country up to now.” | a eunuch ← one eunuch. |
| 2 Ki 8:7 | וַיָּבֹ֤א אֱלִישָׁע֙ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וּבֶן־הֲדַ֥ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֖ם חֹלֶ֑ה וַיֻּגַּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֛א אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃ | Subsequently, Elisha went to Damascus, and Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea was ill, and it was reported to him as follows: “The man of God has come here.” | as follows ← saying. |
| 2 Ki 8:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־חֲזָהאֵ֗ל קַ֤ח בְּיָֽדְךָ֙ מִנְחָ֔ה וְלֵ֕ךְ לִקְרַ֖את אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֨ אֶת־יְהוָ֤ה מֵֽאוֹתוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃ | Then the king said to Hazael, “Take a gift in your hand and go to the man of God, and inquire of the Lord through him, and ask whether I will survive this illness.” |
Hazael ← Hazahel here, but more often Hazael, and we regularize. Perhaps the medial hé was not pronounced, being silent in the free-standing component word (חֲזָה).
survive ← live from. |
| 2 Ki 8:9 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ חֲזָאֵל֮ לִקְרָאתוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִנְחָ֤ה בְיָדוֹ֙ וְכָל־ט֣וּב דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק מַשָּׂ֖א אַרְבָּעִ֣ים גָּמָ֑ל וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד לְפָנָ֔יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בִּנְךָ֨ בֶן־הֲדַ֤ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָם֙ שְׁלָחַ֤נִי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃ | So Hazael went to meet him, and he took a gift in his hand, and all the best produce of Damascus – the burden of forty camels – and he arrived and stood before him and said, “Your son Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea has sent me to you asking, ‘Will I survive this illness?’ ” |
Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8, but here spelled without the hé.
best produce ← goodness. asking ← saying. |
| 2 Ki 8:10 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֱלִישָׁ֔ע לֵ֥ךְ אֱמָר־*לא **ל֖וֹ חָיֹ֣ה תִחְיֶ֑ה וְהִרְאַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה כִּֽי־מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת׃ | And Elisha said to him, “Go and say, {Q: to him, ‘You will certainly survive.’ But} [K: ‘No.’ You are the one who will certainly survive. So] the Lord has shown me that he will certainly die.” |
The ketiv is rather strained.
you will certainly ... he will certainly: both infinitive absolute. (In the qeré) Elisha knows that Hazael will lie, and it is a form of satire that Elisha tells Hazael his own lie. |
| 2 Ki 8:11 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֥ד אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וַיָּ֣שֶׂם עַד־בֹּ֑שׁ וַיֵּ֖בְךְּ אִ֥ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And he stared inscrutably, and he did so for an embarrassingly long time, and the man of God wept. |
he stared inscrutably ← set up his face. [CB] sees Hazael as the subject; [PC] Elisha. Both agree that Hazael was plotting murder.
for an embarrassingly long time ← until shame. |
| 2 Ki 8:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָאֵ֔ל מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֡אמֶר כִּֽי־יָדַ֡עְתִּי אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָעָ֗ה מִבְצְרֵיהֶ֞ם תְּשַׁלַּ֤ח בָּאֵשׁ֙ וּבַחֻֽרֵיהֶם֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תַּהֲרֹ֔ג וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם תְּרַטֵּ֔שׁ וְהָרֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃ | Then Hazael said, “Why is my lord weeping?” And he said, “Because I know what harm you will do to the sons of Israel. You will consign their fortifications to fire, you will kill their young men by the sword, you will dash their children to the ground, you will split their pregnant women open.” | Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8, but here spelled without the hé. |
| 2 Ki 8:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲזָהאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י מָ֤ה עַבְדְּךָ֙ הַכֶּ֔לֶב כִּ֣י יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע הִרְאַ֧נִי יְהוָ֛ה אֹתְךָ֖ מֶ֥לֶךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃ | To this Hazael said, “Then what is your servant – a dog, that he should do this formidable thing?” And Elisha said, “The Lord has shown me that you will be king over Aramaea.” | Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. |
| 2 Ki 8:14 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מֵאֵ֣ת אֱלִישָׁ֗ע וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָֽה־אָמַ֥ר לְךָ֖ אֱלִישָׁ֑ע וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָ֥מַר לִ֖י חָיֹ֥ה תִחְיֶֽה׃ | Then he departed from Elisha and went to his master. And the king said to him, “What did Elisha say to you?” And he said to him, “He said to me, ‘You will certainly survive.’ ” |
master: a plural form.
you will certainly survive: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 8:15 | וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיִּקַּ֤ח הַמַּכְבֵּר֙ וַיִּטְבֹּ֣ל בַּמַּ֔יִם וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ עַל־פָּנָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ חֲזָהאֵ֖ל תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And it came to pass on the next day that he took a coarse cloth and dipped it in water and stretched it out over his face, and he died. And Hazael reigned in his place. |
a coarse cloth ← the coarse cloth. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. |
| 2 Ki 8:16 | וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת חָמֵ֗שׁ לְיוֹרָ֤ם בֶּן־אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָלַ֛ךְ יְהוֹרָ֥ם בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab, the king of Israel, when Jehoshaphat was king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat started to reign as king of Judah. |
Joram: both this Joram (king of Israel) and Joram king of Judah (2 Ki 8:23) are also known as Jehoram (e.g. 2 Ki 9:21 and 2 Ki 8:25 respectively).
started to reign: i.e. jointly with his father (a co-regency). |
| 2 Ki 8:17 | בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֛יִם שָׁנָ֖ה הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁמֹנֶ֣ה *שנה **שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | He was thirty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for eight years in Jerusalem. |
years (second occurrence in verse): the ketiv uses the singular, which is allowable, as in the first occurrence.
|| 2 Chr 21:5. |
| 2 Ki 8:18 | וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֔ב כִּ֚י בַּת־אַחְאָ֔ב הָֽיְתָה־לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as the house of Ahab did, for his wife was Ahab's daughter, and he did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord. | || 2 Chr 21:6. |
| 2 Ki 8:19 | וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְהַשְׁחִ֣ית אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה לְמַ֖עַן דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־ל֗וֹ לָתֵ֨ת ל֥וֹ נִ֛יר לְבָנָ֖יו כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | But the Lord was not willing to bring ruin on Judah, for the sake of David his servant, according to how he had told him that he would give him a lamp to his sons continually. |
|| 2 Chr 21:7.
continually ← all the days. |
| 2 Ki 8:20 | בְּיָמָיו֙ פָּשַׁ֣ע אֱד֔וֹם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֥כוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | In his days Edom rebelled against Judah's control, and they appointed a king over themselves. |
|| 2 Chr 21:8.
against ← from under. control ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 8:21 | וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר יוֹרָם֙ צָעִ֔ירָה וְכָל־הָרֶ֖כֶב עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְהִי־ה֞וּא קָ֣ם לַ֗יְלָה וַיַּכֶּ֨ה אֶת־אֱד֜וֹם הַסֹּבֵ֤יב אֵלָיו֙ וְאֵת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיָּ֥נָס הָעָ֖ם לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ | And Joram crossed over to Zair, and with him was the whole chariot fleet, and it came to pass that he arose in the night and attacked Edom which was surrounding him, and the chariot commanders. And the people fled to their tents. |
|| 2 Chr 21:9.
their tents ← his / its tents. |
| 2 Ki 8:22 | וַיִּפְשַׁ֣ע אֱד֗וֹם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ יַד־יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה אָ֛ז תִּפְשַׁ֥ע לִבְנָ֖ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | So Edom rebelled against Judah's control, as it is up to this day. Then Libnah rebelled, at that time. |
|| 2 Chr 21:10.
against ← from under. control ← hand. rebelled: Hebrew future “tense”. |
| 2 Ki 8:23 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יוֹרָ֖ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Joram, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | |
| 2 Ki 8:24 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יוֹרָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | So Joram lay with his fathers, and with his fathers he was buried, in the City of David, and Ahaziah his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:11, 2 Chr 21:20, 2 Chr 22:1.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| 2 Ki 8:25 | בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לְיוֹרָ֥ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֖ב מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab, the king of Israel, Ahaziah the son of Jehoram, the king of Judah, started to reign. | || 2 Chr 22:1. |
| 2 Ki 8:26 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וּשְׁתַּ֤יִם שָׁנָה֙ אֲחַזְיָ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשָׁנָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֤ם אִמּוֹ֙ עֲתַלְיָ֔הוּ בַּת־עָמְרִ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for one year in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel. |
|| 2 Chr 22:2.
twenty-two years old: see 2 Chr 22:2. daughter: standing for granddaughter. |
| 2 Ki 8:27 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֔ב וַיַּ֧עַשׂ הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כְּבֵ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב כִּ֛י חֲתַ֥ן בֵּית־אַחְאָ֖ב הֽוּא׃ | And he walked in the way of the house of Ahab, and he did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, like the house of Ahab, for he was the son-in-law of the house of Ahab. | || 2 Chr 22:3, 2 Chr 22:4. |
| 2 Ki 8:28 | וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־יוֹרָ֣ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֗ב לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה עִם־חֲזָהאֵ֥ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֖ם בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֲרַמִּ֖ים אֶת־יוֹרָֽם׃ | And he went to war with Joram the son of Ahab against Hazael king of Aramaea in Ramoth-Gilead, and the Aramaeans struck Joram. |
|| 2 Chr 22:5.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 8:29 | וַיָּשָׁב֩ יוֹרָ֨ם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְהִתְרַפֵּ֣א בְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל מִן־הַמַּכִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַכֻּ֤הוּ אֲרַמִּים֙ בָּֽרָמָ֔ה בְּהִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וֹ אֶת־חֲזָהאֵ֖ל מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַאֲחַזְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָ֜ם מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה יָרַ֡ד לִרְא֞וֹת אֶת־יוֹרָ֧ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֛ב בְּיִזְרְעֶ֖אל כִּֽי־חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ פ | And King Joram returned to recover in Jezreel from the blows which the Aramaeans dealt him in Ramah when he fought Hazael king of Aramaea. And Ahaziah the son of Jehoram, the king of Judah, went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel because he was ill. |
|| 2 Chr 22:6.
Jezreel (2x): see Josh 15:56. dealt ← struck. Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. |
| 2 Ki 9:1 | וֶאֱלִישָׁע֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא קָרָ֕א לְאַחַ֖ד מִבְּנֵ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ חֲגֹ֣ר מָתְנֶ֗יךָ וְ֠קַח פַּ֣ךְ הַשֶּׁ֤מֶן הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְלֵ֖ךְ רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָֽד׃ | And Elisha the prophet called one of the sons of the prophets and said to him, “Gird up your loins and take this flask of oil in your hand, and go to Ramoth-Gilead. | Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 9:2 | וּבָ֖אתָ שָׁ֑מָּה וּרְאֵֽה־שָׁ֠ם יֵה֨וּא בֶן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֜ט בֶּן־נִמְשִׁ֗י וּבָ֙אתָ֙ וַהֲקֵֽמֹתוֹ֙ מִתּ֣וֹך אֶחָ֔יו וְהֵבֵיאתָ֥ אֹת֖וֹ חֶ֥דֶר בְּחָֽדֶר׃ | And when you arrive there, visit Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi there, and go in and appoint him from among his brothers, and take him to an inner room. |
Jehoshaphat: so not the son of Asa (1 Ki 15:24).
appoint ← raise, establish. an inner room ← a room in a room. |
| 2 Ki 9:3 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ פַךְ־הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ וְיָצַקְתָּ֣ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁחְתִּ֥יךָֽ לְמֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּפָתַחְתָּ֥ הַדֶּ֛לֶת וְנַ֖סְתָּה וְלֹ֥א תְחַכֶּֽה׃ | And take the flask of oil, and pour it on his head and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I have anointed you as king over Israel» ’, then open the door and flee and do not wait around.” | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 9:4 | וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ הַנַּ֛עַר הַנַּ֥עַר הַנָּבִ֖יא רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָֽד׃ | So the young man – the young prophet – went to Ramoth-Gilead. | Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 9:5 | וַיָּבֹ֗א וְהִנֵּ֨ה שָׂרֵ֤י הַחַ֙יִל֙ יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים וַיֹּ֕אמֶר דָּבָ֥ר לִ֛י אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַשָּׂ֑ר וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֵהוּא֙ אֶל־מִ֣י מִכֻּלָּ֔נוּ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלֶ֥יךָ הַשָּֽׂר׃ | And when he arrived, what he saw was the commanders of the army in session, and he said, “I have a matter for you, commander.” And Jehu said, “For whom, out of all of us?” And he said, “For you, commander.” |
what he saw was ← behold.
in session ← sitting. |
| 2 Ki 9:6 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣א הַבַּ֔יְתָה וַיִּצֹ֥ק הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן אֶל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מְשַׁחְתִּ֧יךָֽ לְמֶ֛לֶךְ אֶל־עַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then he got up and went inside, and he poured the oil on his head, and he said to him, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I have anointed you as king over the people of the Lord – over Israel. |
inside: or to the house.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 9:7 | וְהִ֨כִּיתָ֔ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אַחְאָ֖ב אֲדֹנֶ֑יךָ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞י דְּמֵ֣י ׀ עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים וּדְמֵ֛י כָּל־עַבְדֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד אִיזָֽבֶל׃ | And you will attack the house of Ahab your master, so that I am avenged of the blood of my servants the prophets and the blood of all the Lord's servants at the hand of Jezebel. | Rev 2:20. |
| 2 Ki 9:8 | וְאָבַ֖ד כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְאַחְאָב֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר וְעָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the whole house of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off everyone of Ahab's house who urinates against a wall, leaving him shut off and abandoned in Israel. | leaving him shut off and abandoned: see 1 Ki 14:10. |
| 2 Ki 9:9 | וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֔ב כְּבֵ֖ית יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וּכְבֵ֖ית בַּעְשָׁ֥א בֶן־אֲחִיָּֽה׃ | And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah. | |
| 2 Ki 9:10 | וְאֶת־אִיזֶ֜בֶל יֹאכְל֧וּ הַכְּלָבִ֛ים בְּחֵ֥לֶק יִזְרְעֶ֖אל וְאֵ֣ין קֹבֵ֑ר וַיִּפְתַּ֥ח הַדֶּ֖לֶת וַיָּנֹֽס׃ | And dogs will eat Jezebel in a plot of land in Jezreel, and there will be no-one to bury her.’ ” Then he opened the door and fled. |
will eat: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 9:11 | וְיֵה֗וּא יָצָא֙ אֶל־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם מַדּ֛וּעַ בָּֽא־הַמְשֻׁגָּ֥ע הַזֶּ֖ה אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֛ם יְדַעְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאִ֖ישׁ וְאֶת־שִׂיחֽוֹ׃ | But Jehu came out to his master's servants, and one said to him, “Are you all right? Why did this madman come to you?” And he said to them, “You know the man and his oratory.” | are you all right ← (is there) peace. |
| 2 Ki 9:12 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ שֶׁ֔קֶר הַגֶּד־נָ֖א לָ֑נוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כָּזֹ֤את וְכָזֹאת֙ אָמַ֤ר אֵלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁחְתִּ֥יךָֽ לְמֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But they said, “Nonsense! Kindly tell us properly.” So he said, “He said such and such to me and said, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I have anointed you as king over Israel.» ’ ” |
nonsense ← a lie.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 9:13 | וַֽיְמַהֲר֗וּ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ בִּגְד֔וֹ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ תַחְתָּ֖יו אֶל־גֶּ֣רֶם הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹת וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ מָלַ֥ךְ יֵהֽוּא׃ | Then they acted quickly, and each one took his cloak and laid it to be under him on the flight of steps, and they sounded the ramshorn and said, “Jehu has become king.” |
cloak ← clothing.
flight ← substance; body; also bone; strength. |
| 2 Ki 9:14 | וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁ֗ר יֵה֛וּא בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־נִמְשִׁ֖י אֶל־יוֹרָ֑ם וְיוֹרָם֩ הָיָ֨ה שֹׁמֵ֜ר בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֗ד ה֚וּא וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲזָאֵ֖ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָֽם׃ | And Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, conspired against Joram. Now Joram had been on guard in Ramoth-Gilead – he himself and all Israel – against Hazael king of Aramaea. | Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 9:15 | וַיָּשָׁב֩ יְהוֹרָ֨ם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְהִתְרַפֵּ֣א בִיְזְרְעֶ֗אל מִן־הַמַּכִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַכֻּ֣הוּ אֲרַמִּ֔ים בְּהִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וֹ אֶת־חֲזָאֵ֖ל מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֵהוּא֙ אִם־יֵ֣שׁ נַפְשְׁכֶ֔ם אַל־יֵצֵ֤א פָלִיט֙ מִן־הָעִ֔יר לָלֶ֖כֶת *לגיד **לְהַגִּ֥יד בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | But King Jehoram had returned to recover in Jezreel from the blows which the Aramaeans dealt him when he fought against Hazael king of Aramaea. And Jehu said, “As long as you are alive, do not let anyone escape from the town to go to report it in Jezreel.” |
to report: the ketiv is a (colloquial?) contraction of the qeré.
Jehoram: AV= Joram here. See 2 Ki 8:16. Jezreel (2x): see Josh 15:56. fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. as long as you are alive ← if there is your soul. AV differs (if it be your minds). anyone escape ← an escapee go out. |
| 2 Ki 9:16 | וַיִּרְכַּ֤ב יֵהוּא֙ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יִזְרְעֶ֔אלָה כִּ֥י יוֹרָ֖ם שֹׁכֵ֣ב שָׁ֑מָּה וַֽאֲחַזְיָה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה יָרַ֖ד לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־יוֹרָֽם׃ | Then Jehu went by chariot to Jezreel, for Joram was lodging there. And Ahaziah king of Judah had gone down to see Joram. |
went by chariot ← rode and went.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. lodging ← lying. Compare Josh 2:1. |
| 2 Ki 9:17 | וְהַצֹּפֶה֩ עֹמֵ֨ד עַֽל־הַמִּגְדָּ֜ל בְּיִזְרְעֶ֗אל וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־שִׁפְעַ֤ת יֵהוּא֙ בְּבֹא֔וֹ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁפְעַ֖ת אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹרָ֗ם קַ֥ח רַכָּ֛ב וּֽשְׁלַ֥ח לִקְרָאתָ֖ם וְיֹאמַ֥ר הֲשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Now the look-out was standing on the tower in Jezreel, and he saw Jehu's large company as he came, and he said, “I can see a large company.” And Jehoram said, “Take a rider and send him to meet them, and say, ‘Do we have peace?’ ” |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
say ← he will say, or let him say. |
| 2 Ki 9:18 | וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ רֹכֵ֨ב הַסּ֜וּס לִקְרָאת֗וֹ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֲשָׁל֔וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֣ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָ֑י וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּֽא־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ עַד־הֵ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָֽׁב׃ | So the horserider went to meet him, and he said, “This is what the king says: ‘Do we have peace?’ ” And Jehu said, “What have you got to do with peace? Get behind me.” And the look-out gave a report and said, “The messenger went to them but did not come back.” |
this is what ← thus.
get ← turn to. |
| 2 Ki 9:19 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח רֹכֵ֣ב סוּס֮ שֵׁנִי֒ וַיָּבֹ֣א אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֛אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יֵה֛וּא מַה־לְּךָ֥ וּלְשָׁל֖וֹם סֹ֥ב אֶֽל־אַחֲרָֽי׃ | Then he sent a second horserider, and he went to them and said, “This is what the king says: ‘Peace.’ ” But Jehu said, “What have you got to do with peace? Get behind me.” |
this is what ← thus.
get ← turn to. |
| 2 Ki 9:20 | וַיַּגֵּ֤ד הַצֹּפֶה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֥א עַד־אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֑ב וְהַמִּנְהָ֗ג כְּמִנְהַג֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁ֔י כִּ֥י בְשִׁגָּע֖וֹן יִנְהָֽג׃ | And the look-out reported it and said, “He went up to them, but he did not come back. And as for their driving – the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi – he is driving madly.” | |
| 2 Ki 9:21 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוֹרָם֙ אֱסֹ֔ר וַיֶּאְסֹ֖ר רִכְבּ֑וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֣א יְהוֹרָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל וַאֲחַזְיָ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה אִ֣ישׁ בְּרִכְבּ֗וֹ וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את יֵה֔וּא וַיִּמְצָאֻ֔הוּ בְּחֶלְקַ֖ת נָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽי׃ | Then Jehoram said, “Harness it.” So they harnessed his chariot, and Jehoram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out to confront Jehu, and they encountered him in the grounds of Naboth the Jezreelite. |
Jehoram (2x): see 2 Ki 9:14.
to confront ← towards. Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 9:22 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְא֤וֹת יְהוֹרָם֙ אֶת־יֵה֔וּא וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הֲשָׁל֣וֹם יֵה֑וּא וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מָ֣ה הַשָּׁל֔וֹם עַד־זְנוּנֵ֞י אִיזֶ֧בֶל אִמְּךָ֛ וּכְשָׁפֶ֖יהָ הָרַבִּֽים׃ | And it came to pass, when Jehoram saw Jehu, that he said, “Do we have peace, Jehu?” And he said, “What peace is there as long as there are the harlotries of Jezebel your mother and her many sorceries?” | Jehoram: see 2 Ki 9:14. |
| 2 Ki 9:23 | וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ יְהוֹרָ֛ם יָדָ֖יו וַיָּנֹ֑ס וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ מִרְמָ֥ה אֲחַזְיָֽה׃ | At this Jehoram changed course and fled, and he said to Ahaziah, “This is treason, Ahaziah.” |
Jehoram: see 2 Ki 9:14.
changed course ← turned his hand. treason ← deceit. |
| 2 Ki 9:24 | וְיֵה֞וּא מִלֵּ֧א יָד֣וֹ בַקֶּ֗שֶׁת וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־יְהוֹרָם֙ בֵּ֣ין זְרֹעָ֔יו וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַחֵ֖צִי מִלִּבּ֑וֹ וַיִּכְרַ֖ע בְּרִכְבּֽוֹ׃ | Then Jehu took up the bow and hit Jehoram between his arms, and the arrow came out from his heart, and he collapsed in his chariot. | took up ← filled his hand with. |
| 2 Ki 9:25 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶל־בִּדְקַר֙ *שלשה **שָֽׁלִשׁ֔וֹ שָׂ֚א הַשְׁלִכֵ֔הוּ בְּחֶלְקַ֕ת שְׂדֵ֖ה נָב֣וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֑י כִּֽי־זְכֹ֞ר אֲנִ֣י וָאַ֗תָּה אֵ֣ת רֹכְבִ֤ים צְמָדִים֙ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אַחְאָ֣ב אָבִ֔יו וַֽיהוָה֙ נָשָׂ֣א עָלָ֔יו אֶת־הַמַּשָּׂ֖א הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then Jehu said to Bidkar his adjutant, “Pick him up and throw him down in the grounds of Naboth the Jezreelite, for remember how you and I were riding alongside each other in pursuit of Ahab his father, and how the Lord laid this burden on him, |
his: the ketiv ending is a hé, usually a feminine pronominal suffix, but rarely masculine. Compare Gen 13:3.
Jezreelite: see Josh 15:56. alongside each other ← as pairs. laid ← uttered, and cognate with burden. |
| 2 Ki 9:26 | אִם־לֹ֡א אֶת־דְּמֵ֣י נָבוֹת֩ וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֨י בָנָ֜יו רָאִ֤יתִי אֶ֙מֶשׁ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י לְךָ֛ בַּחֶלְקָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׂ֧א הַשְׁלִכֵ֛הוּ בַּחֶלְקָ֖ה כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | when he said, ‘I most certainly saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons last night, the Lord says, and I will requite you in these grounds, the Lord says.’ So now, pick him up and throw him down on these grounds, according to the word of the Lord.” | I most certainly saw: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| 2 Ki 9:27 | וַאֲחַזְיָ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ רָאָ֔ה וַיָּ֕נָס דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית הַגָּ֑ן וַיִּרְדֹּ֨ף אַחֲרָ֜יו יֵה֗וּא וַ֠יֹּאמֶר גַּם־אֹת֞וֹ הַכֻּ֣הוּ אֶל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֗ה בְּמַֽעֲלֵה־גוּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽת־יִבְלְעָ֔ם וַיָּ֥נָס מְגִדּ֖וֹ וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ | When Ahaziah king of Judah saw it, he fled by the garden house road. And Jehu pursued him, and he said, “Strike him down too in the chariot.” This was at the ascent to Gur, which is contiguous with Ibleam. Then he fled to Megiddo and died there. | || 2 Chr 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 9:28 | וַיַּרְכִּ֧בוּ אֹת֛וֹ עֲבָדָ֖יו יְרוּשָׁלְָ֑מָה וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֹת֧וֹ בִקְבֻרָת֛וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֥יר דָּוִֽד׃ פ | Then his servants brought him by chariot to Jerusalem, and they buried him in his tomb with his fathers in the City of David. | || 2 Chr 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 9:29 | וּבִשְׁנַת֙ אַחַ֣ת עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לְיוֹרָ֖ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֑ב מָלַ֥ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֖ה עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And it was in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab that Ahaziah became king over Judah. | |
| 2 Ki 9:30 | וַיָּב֥וֹא יֵה֖וּא יִזְרְעֶ֑אלָה וְאִיזֶ֣בֶל שָׁמְעָ֗ה וַתָּ֨שֶׂם בַּפּ֤וּךְ עֵינֶ֙יהָ֙ וַתֵּ֣יטֶב אֶת־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַתַּשְׁקֵ֖ף בְּעַ֥ד הַחַלּֽוֹן׃ | Then Jehu went to Jezreel, and when Jezebel heard it, she applied eye-shadow to her eyes and styled her head of hair and peered through the window. |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
applied eye-shadow to her eyes ← put her eyes in antimony. |
| 2 Ki 9:31 | וְיֵה֖וּא בָּ֣א בַשָּׁ֑עַר וַתֹּ֣אמֶר הֲשָׁל֔וֹם זִמְרִ֖י הֹרֵ֥ג אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | And when Jehu arrived at the gate, she said, “Did Zimri, who killed his master, have peace?” | |
| 2 Ki 9:32 | וַיִּשָּׂ֤א פָנָיו֙ אֶל־הַ֣חַלּ֔וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י אִתִּ֖י מִ֑י וַיַּשְׁקִ֣יפוּ אֵלָ֔יו שְׁנַ֥יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֖ה סָרִיסִֽים׃ | And he raised his face to the window and said, “Who is with me? Who?” And two or three eunuchs peered at him. | |
| 2 Ki 9:33 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר *שמטהו **שִׁמְט֖וּהָ וַֽיִּשְׁמְט֑וּהָ וַיִּ֨ז מִדָּמָ֧הּ אֶל־הַקִּ֛יר וְאֶל־הַסּוּסִ֖ים וַֽיִּרְמְסֶֽנָּה׃ | Then he said, “Dispatch {Q: her} [K: him].” And they dispatched her, and some of her blood was spattered on the wall and on the horses, and he trampled on her. | The qeré is an interchange of two letters of the ketiv, and it is the reading of many manuscripts [BHS-CA] mlt Mss. |
| 2 Ki 9:34 | וַיָּבֹ֖א וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיֵּ֑שְׁתְּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר פִּקְדוּ־נָ֞א אֶת־הָאֲרוּרָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ וְקִבְר֔וּהָ כִּ֥י בַת־מֶ֖לֶךְ הִֽיא׃ | And he went in and ate and drank, and he said, “Please dispose of this cursed woman and bury her, for she is the daughter of a king.” | dispose of ← deposit; visit. AV differs (see), in the sense of visit. |
| 2 Ki 9:35 | וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לְקָבְרָ֑הּ וְלֹא־מָ֣צְאוּ בָ֗הּ כִּ֧י אִם־הַגֻּלְגֹּ֛לֶת וְהָרַגְלַ֖יִם וְכַפּ֥וֹת הַיָּדָֽיִם׃ | So they went away to bury her, but they found nothing of her except her skull and the feet and the palms of her hands. | |
| 2 Ki 9:36 | וַיָּשֻׁבוּ֮ וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֗ר בְּיַד־עַבְדּ֛וֹ אֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר בְּחֵ֣לֶק יִזְרְעֶ֔אל יֹאכְל֥וּ הַכְּלָבִ֖ים אֶת־בְּשַׂ֥ר אִיזָֽבֶל׃ | When they went back and told him, he said, “It is the word of the Lord which he spoke through the intermediacy of his servant Elijah the Tishbite when he said, ‘Dogs will eat Jezebel's flesh on the plot of land in Jezreel. |
intermediacy ← hand.
dogs ← the dogs. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. land in ← land of. Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 9:37 | *והית **וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה נִבְלַ֣ת אִיזֶ֗בֶל כְּדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּחֵ֣לֶק יִזְרְעֶ֑אל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֹאמְר֖וּ זֹ֥את אִיזָֽבֶל׃ פ | And {Q: Jezebel's corpse will be} [K: you will be, O corpse of Jezebel,] like dung on the surface of the field in the plot of land in Jezreel, so that people won't be able to say, «This is Jezebel.» ’ ” |
the qeré is the reading of many manuscripts [BHS-CA] mlt Mss.
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 10:1 | וּלְאַחְאָ֛ב שִׁבְעִ֥ים בָּנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּכְתֹּב֩ יֵה֨וּא סְפָרִ֜ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֶל־שָׂרֵ֤י יִזְרְעֶאל֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְאֶל־הָאֹמְנִ֥ים אַחְאָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria, and Jehu wrote communiqués and sent them to Samaria, to the elder officials of Jezreel, and to the foster parents of Ahab's family, reading as follows: |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56.
reading as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Ki 10:2 | וְעַתָּ֗ה כְּבֹ֨א הַסֵּ֤פֶר הַזֶּה֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִתְּכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֑ם וְאִתְּכֶם֙ הָרֶ֣כֶב וְהַסּוּסִ֔ים וְעִ֥יר מִבְצָ֖ר וְהַנָּֽשֶׁק׃ | “And now, when this communiqué reaches you, your master's sons being with you, and who have got chariots and horses, and a fortified city and weaponry, |
reaches ← comes to.
your master's sons being with you ← and with you (are) your master's sons. |
| 2 Ki 10:3 | וּרְאִיתֶ֞ם הַטּ֤וֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֔ם וְשַׂמְתֶּ֖ם עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א אָבִ֑יו וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עַל־בֵּ֥ית אֲדֹנֵיכֶֽם׃ | select the best and most eligible of your master's sons and set him on his father's throne, and fight for your master's house.” |
eligible ← upright, right (for the job).
for ← concerning; also against. |
| 2 Ki 10:4 | וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֵּה֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לֹ֥א עָמְד֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖יךְ נַעֲמֹ֥ד אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | At this they were very, very afraid, and they said, “Look, two kings didn't withstand him, so how are we to withstand him?” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
two kings: Jehoram of Israel (2 Ki 9:24) and Ahaziah of Judah (2 Ki 9:27). In this chapter he ↴ |
| 2 Ki 10:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַבַּ֣יִת וַאֲשֶׁ֪ר עַל־הָעִ֟יר וְהַזְּקֵנִים֩ וְהָאֹמְנִ֨ים אֶל־יֵה֤וּא ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ נַעֲשֶׂ֑ה לֹֽא־נַמְלִ֣יךְ אִ֔ישׁ הַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עֲשֵֽׂה׃ | And he who was in charge of the house, and he who was in charge of the city, and the elders, and the foster parents, sent word to Jehu and said, “We are your servants, and we will do everything you say to us. We will not appoint anyone king. Do what is right in your sight.” |
↳ disposes of Ahab's sons (v.6, v.17) and Ahaziah's brothers (v.13) and the servants of Baal (v.25).
anyone ← a man. |
| 2 Ki 10:6 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב אֲלֵיהֶם֩ סֵ֨פֶר ׀ שֵׁנִ֜ית לֵאמֹ֗ר אִם־לִ֨י אַתֶּ֜ם וּלְקֹלִ֣י ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֗ים קְחוּ֙ אֶת־רָאשֵׁי֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֔ם וּבֹ֧אוּ אֵלַ֛י כָּעֵ֥ת מָחָ֖ר יִזְרְעֶ֑אלָה וּבְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ אֶת־גְּדֹלֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר מְגַדְּלִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃ | Then he sent a communiqué a second time, which said, “If you are for me and will comply with me, take the heads of the men who are the sons of your master, and come to me at this time tomorrow in Jezreel.” Now the king's sons were seventy in number, being with high-ranking men of the city who were bringing them up. |
comply with me ← hear my voice.
in Jezreel ← to Jezreel. On Jezreel, see Josh 15:56. seventy in number ← seventy men. |
| 2 Ki 10:7 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּבֹ֤א הַסֵּ֙פֶר֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיִּשְׁחֲט֖וּ שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ אֶת־רָֽאשֵׁיהֶם֙ בַּדּוּדִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁלְח֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו יִזְרְעֶֽאלָה׃ | And it came to pass, when the communiqué reached them, that they took the king's sons and killed the seventy men, and they put their heads in baskets and sent them to him in Jezreel. |
reached ← came to.
in Jezreel ← to Jezreel. On Jezreel, see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 10:8 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵבִ֖יאוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר שִׂ֣ימוּ אֹתָ֞ם שְׁנֵ֧י צִבֻּרִ֛ים פֶּ֥תַח הַשַּׁ֖עַר עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And the messenger arrived and reported it to him and said, “We have brought the heads of the king's sons.” And he said, “Leave them in two heaps at the entrance to the gate until morning.” | leave ← put. |
| 2 Ki 10:9 | וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם צַדִּקִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם הִנֵּ֨ה אֲנִ֜י קָשַׁ֤רְתִּי עַל־אֲדֹנִי֙ וָאֶהְרְגֵ֔הוּ וּמִ֥י הִכָּ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And it came to pass in the morning that he went out and stood and said to all the people, “You are righteous. Admittedly, I conspired against my master and killed him, but who killed all these? | admittedly ← behold. Concessive usage. |
| 2 Ki 10:10 | דְּע֣וּ אֵפ֗וֹא כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יִפֹּ֜ל מִדְּבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אַ֔רְצָה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עַל־בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וַיהוָ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ה אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עַבְדּ֥וֹ אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ | Be aware, therefore, that nothing of the word of the Lord which the Lord spoke about the house of Ahab will fall to the ground, and that the Lord has done what he said through the intermediacy of his servant Elijah.” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 10:11 | וַיַּ֣ךְ יֵה֗וּא אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֤ים לְבֵית־אַחְאָב֙ בְּיִזְרְעֶ֔אל וְכָל־גְּדֹלָ֖יו וּמְיֻדָּעָ֣יו וְכֹהֲנָ֑יו עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִֽיד׃ | So Jehu struck down all those of the house of Ahab in Jezreel who remained, and all his high-ranking men, and his acquaintances, and his priests, until no survivor was left to him. | Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| 2 Ki 10:12 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ וַיָּבֹ֔א וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמְר֑וֹן ה֛וּא בֵּֽית־עֵ֥קֶד הָרֹעִ֖ים בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | Then Jehu arose and departed, and he went to Samaria. And on the way he was at a shepherd's shearing house. | shearing ← binding. [ST] gives binding for shearing, or meeting place. |
| 2 Ki 10:13 | וְיֵה֗וּא מָצָא֙ אֶת־אֲחֵי֙ אֲחַזְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִ֣י אַתֶּ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֲחֵ֤י אֲחַזְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וַנֵּ֛רֶד לִשְׁל֥וֹם בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְנֵ֥י הַגְּבִירָֽה׃ | And Jehu came across the brothers of Ahaziah king of Judah, and he said, “Who are you?” And they said, “We are Ahaziah's brothers, and we have come down to greet the sons of the king and the sons of the queen consort.” |
came across ← found.
to greet ← for the peace of. |
| 2 Ki 10:14 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ תִּפְשׂ֣וּם חַיִּ֔ים וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֖וּם חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיִּשְׁחָט֞וּם אֶל־בּ֣וֹר בֵּֽית־עֵ֗קֶד אַרְבָּעִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־הִשְׁאִ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ מֵהֶֽם׃ ס | Then he said, “Take them alive.” So they took them alive and slaughtered them in the pit at the shearing house – forty-two men – and he didn't leave any of them remaining. |
take ... took ← seize ... seized.
shearing: see 1 Ki 10:12. any ← a man. |
| 2 Ki 10:15 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִשָּׁ֡ם וַיִּמְצָ֣א אֶת־יְהוֹנָדָב֩ בֶּן־רֵכָ֨ב לִקְרָאת֜וֹ וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֗הוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו הֲיֵ֧שׁ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֣ יָשָׁ֗ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר לְבָבִי֙ עִם־לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָדָ֥ב יֵ֛שׁ וָיֵ֖שׁ תְּנָ֣ה אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן יָד֔וֹ וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ אֵלָ֖יו אֶל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָֽה׃ | Then he departed from there and came across Jehonadab the son of Rechab coming towards him, and he greeted him and said to him, “Are your intentions good, just as I am well-disposed to you?” And Jehonadab said, “They are.” Then Jehu said, “If they are, give me your hand.” And he gave him his hand, and he hauled him into the chariot with him. |
greeted ← blessed.
are your intentions good ← is your heart upright. just as I am well-disposed to you ← as my heart (is) with your heart. hauled ← raised to. with him ← to him. |
| 2 Ki 10:16 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְכָ֣ה אִתִּ֔י וּרְאֵ֖ה בְּקִנְאָתִ֣י לַיהוָ֑ה וַיַּרְכִּ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּרִכְבּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “Come with me and see my zeal for the Lord.” So they transported him in his chariot. | |
| 2 Ki 10:17 | וַיָּבֹא֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וַ֠יַּךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֧ים לְאַחְאָ֛ב בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן עַד־הִשְׁמִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃ פ | And he arrived in Samaria, and he struck down all those of Ahab's house who remained in Samaria, until he had destroyed it, according to the word of the Lord which he had spoken to Elijah. | it: or, personalizing the house, him. |
| 2 Ki 10:18 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יֵהוּא֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַחְאָ֕ב עָבַ֥ד אֶת־הַבַּ֖עַל מְעָ֑ט יֵה֖וּא יַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ הַרְבֵּֽה׃ | Then Jehu gathered all the people and said to them, “Ahab served Baal a little, but Jehu will serve him much more. | |
| 2 Ki 10:19 | וְעַתָּ֣ה כָל־נְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֡עַל כָּל־עֹבְדָ֣יו וְכָל־כֹּהֲנָיו֩ קִרְא֨וּ אֵלַ֜י אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יִפָּקֵ֗ד כִּי֩ זֶ֨בַח גָּד֥וֹל לִי֙ לַבַּ֔עַל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפָּקֵ֖ד לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶ֑ה וְיֵהוּא֙ עָשָׂ֣ה בְעָקְבָּ֔ה לְמַ֥עַן הַאֲבִ֖יד אֶת־עֹבְדֵ֥י הַבָּֽעַל׃ | So now, tell all the prophets of Baal, and all his servants, and all his priests, to come to me. No-one must be absent, for I have a great sacrifice to Baal. Anyone who is absent shall not live.” But Jehu did this as a ploy in order to eliminate Baal's servants. |
tell ... to come ← call.
anyone ← everyone. |
| 2 Ki 10:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֵה֗וּא קַדְּשׁ֧וּ עֲצָרָ֛ה לַבַּ֖עַל וַיִּקְרָֽאוּ׃ | Then Jehu said, “Announce a solemn assembly to Baal.” So they proclaimed it. | announce ... solemn ← consecrate. |
| 2 Ki 10:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יֵהוּא֙ בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ כָּל־עֹבְדֵ֣י הַבַּ֔עַל וְלֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בָ֑א וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א בֵית־הַבַּ֖עַל פֶּ֥ה לָפֶֽה׃ | And Jehu sent word throughout all Israel, and all those who served Baal came, and there was no-one left behind who did not come. So they came to the house of Baal, and the house of Baal was filled cheek by jowl. |
no-one ← not a man.
cheek by jowl ← mouth to mouth. Alternatively, from one end to the other. |
| 2 Ki 10:22 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־הַמֶּלְתָּחָ֔ה הוֹצֵ֣א לְב֔וּשׁ לְכֹ֖ל עֹבְדֵ֣י הַבָּ֑עַל וַיֹּצֵ֥א לָהֶ֖ם הַמַּלְבּֽוּשׁ׃ | And he said to the outfitter, “Bring out vesture for all the servants of Baal.” So he brought out vesture for them. | the outfitter ← him who was over the wardrobe. |
| 2 Ki 10:23 | וַיָּבֹ֥א יֵה֛וּא וִיהוֹנָדָ֥ב בֶּן־רֵכָ֖ב בֵּ֣ית הַבָּ֑עַל וַיֹּ֜אמֶר לְעֹבְדֵ֣י הַבַּ֗עַל חַפְּשׂ֤וּ וּרְאוּ֙ פֶּן־יֶשׁ־פֹּ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ מֵעַבְדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י אִם־עֹבְדֵ֥י הַבַּ֖עַל לְבַדָּֽם׃ | Then Jehu and Jehonadab the son of Rechab went into the house of Baal, and he said to the servants of Baal, “Search, and see if there are any of the servants of the Lord with you here, rather than servants of Baal only.” | rather than ← except; besides. |
| 2 Ki 10:24 | וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת זְבָחִ֣ים וְעֹל֑וֹת וְיֵה֞וּא שָׂם־ל֤וֹ בַחוּץ֙ שְׁמֹנִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּלֵט֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מֵבִ֣יא עַל־יְדֵיכֶ֔ם נַפְשׁ֖וֹ תַּ֥חַת נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ | Then when they went to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings, Jehu stationed eighty men outside and said, “For any man who escapes from the men whom I am about to bring into your hands, it will be a life for a life.” |
stationed ← stationed for himself.
a life for a life ← a soul for a soul, i.e. one of you guards will forfeit your life for anyone who escapes. |
| 2 Ki 10:25 | וַיְהִ֞י כְּכַלֹּת֣וֹ ׀ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָעֹלָ֗ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֵ֠הוּא לָרָצִ֨ים וְלַשָּׁלִשִׁ֜ים בֹּ֤אוּ הַכּוּם֙ אִ֣ישׁ אַל־יֵצֵ֔א וַיַּכּ֖וּם לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיַּשְׁלִ֗כוּ הָֽרָצִים֙ וְהַשָּׁ֣לִשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ עַד־עִ֥יר בֵּית־הַבָּֽעַל׃ | And it came to pass, when he had finished making the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the infantrymen and the brigadiers, “Go in and strike them down. Let no-one come out.” So they struck them down with the blade of the sword. Then the infantrymen and the brigadiers disposed of them and went down to the citadel of the house of Baal. |
infantrymen (2x) ← runners, but a royal bodyguard on foot.
disposed of ← cast. citadel ← city. Apparently not a whole city. |
| 2 Ki 10:26 | וַיֹּצִ֛אוּ אֶת־מַצְּב֥וֹת בֵּית־הַבַּ֖עַל וַֽיִּשְׂרְפֽוּהָ׃ | And they brought out the statues of the house of Baal and burned them. | them ← it, concordant in gender with statue, not house. |
| 2 Ki 10:27 | וַֽיִּתְּצ֔וּ אֵ֖ת מַצְּבַ֣ת הַבָּ֑עַל וַֽיִּתְּצוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל וַיְשִׂמֻ֥הוּ *למחראות **לְמֽוֹצָא֖וֹת עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And they demolished the statue of Baal, and they demolished the house of Baal, and they made it a cess-pool as it has been up to today. | cess-pool: the qeré is a more refined word than the ketiv, with the same meaning. |
| 2 Ki 10:28 | וַיַּשְׁמֵ֥ד יֵה֛וּא אֶת־הַבַּ֖עַל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So Jehu destroyed Baal in Israel, | in ← from. |
| 2 Ki 10:29 | רַ֠ק חֲטָאֵ֞י יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־נְבָט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־סָ֥ר יֵה֖וּא מֵאַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם עֶגְלֵי֙ הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּדָֽן׃ ס | except that Jehu did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin, from the golden calves which were in Beth-El and in Dan. | |
| 2 Ki 10:30 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יֵה֗וּא יַ֤עַן אֲשֶׁר־הֱטִיבֹ֙תָ֙ לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת הַיָּשָׁר֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּלְבָבִ֔י עָשִׂ֖יתָ לְבֵ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב בְּנֵ֣י רְבִעִ֔ים יֵשְׁב֥וּ לְךָ֖ עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord said to Jehu, “Since you have acted well in doing what is right in my sight, since you have done to the house of Ahab everything that was in my heart, your descendants of the fourth generation will sit on the throne of Israel.” |
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Ki 10:31 | וְיֵה֗וּא לֹ֥א שָׁמַ֛ר לָלֶ֛כֶת בְּתֽוֹרַת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־לְבָב֑וֹ לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מֵעַל֙ חַטֹּ֣אות יָֽרָבְעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But Jehu did not observe walking in the law of the Lord God of Israel with all his heart. He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam who caused Israel to sin. | walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 10:32 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הֵחֵ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה לְקַצּ֖וֹת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם חֲזָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | In those days the Lord began to chip away at Israel, and Hazael attacked them at every border of Israel, | chip away at ← cut off at. |
| 2 Ki 10:33 | מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֔ד הַגָּדִ֥י וְהָרֻאובֵנִ֖י וְהַֽמְנַשִּׁ֑י מֵעֲרֹעֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן וְהַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן׃ | from the Jordan in the east – all the land of Gilead, the Gadites and the Reubenites and the Manassites – from Aroer which is on the Arnon Brook, and Gilead and Bashan. |
Gilead (2x): see Gen 31:21. Here: the Gilead.
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| 2 Ki 10:34 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יֵה֛וּא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה וְכָל־גְּבוּרָת֑וֹ הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Jehu, and everything he did, and all his bravery, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 2 Ki 10:35 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יֵהוּא֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹאָחָ֥ז בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Jehu lay with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria, and Jehoahaz his son became king in his place. | |
| 2 Ki 10:36 | וְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָלַ֤ךְ יֵהוּא֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶֽה־שָׁנָ֖ה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And the days for which Jehu reigned over Israel amounted to twenty-eight years in Samaria. | |
| 2 Ki 11:1 | וַֽעֲתַלְיָה֙ אֵ֣ם אֲחַזְיָ֔הוּ *וראתה **רָאֲתָ֖ה כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת בְּנָ֑הּ וַתָּ֙קָם֙ וַתְּאַבֵּ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־זֶ֥רַע הַמַּמְלָכָֽה׃ | But {K: Athaliah, Ahaziah's mother, when she saw} [Q: when Athaliah, Ahaziah's mother, saw] that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal seed, |
|| 2 Chr 22:10.
royal seed: i.e. heirs to the throne. The statement has an exception (one royal seed not destroyed), about to be explained. Compare 1 Cor 1:14. |
| 2 Ki 11:2 | וַתִּקַּ֣ח יְהוֹשֶׁ֣בַע בַּת־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־י֠וֹרָם אֲח֨וֹת אֲחַזְיָ֜הוּ אֶת־יוֹאָ֣שׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָ֗ה וַתִּגְנֹ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ מִתּ֤וֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ *הממותתים **הַמּ֣וּמָתִ֔ים אֹת֥וֹ וְאֶת־מֵינִקְתּ֖וֹ בַּחֲדַ֣ר הַמִּטּ֑וֹת וַיַּסְתִּ֧רוּ אֹת֛וֹ מִפְּנֵ֥י עֲתַלְיָ֖הוּ וְלֹ֥א הוּמָֽת׃ | but Jehosheba the daughter of King Joram, the sister of Ahaziah, had taken Joash the son of Ahaziah and had stolen him away from the king's sons who were killed – him and his nurse – to the bedroom, and they had hidden him from Athaliah, so he was not killed. |
who were killed: the ketiv is an unusual stem-formation (polal) with the same meaning as the qeré (hophal) stem-formation.
|| 2 Chr 22:11. from ← from the midst of. |
| 2 Ki 11:3 | וַיְהִ֤י אִתָּהּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה מִתְחַבֵּ֖א שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וַעֲתַלְיָ֖ה מֹלֶ֥כֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | And he was with her in the house of the Lord, hidden for six years, while Athaliah reigned over the land. | || 2 Chr 22:12. |
| 2 Ki 11:4 | וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִית שָׁלַ֨ח יְהוֹיָדָ֜ע וַיִּקַּ֣ח ׀ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י *המאיות **הַמֵּא֗וֹת לַכָּרִי֙ וְלָ֣רָצִ֔ים וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֛ם אֵלָ֖יו בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּכְרֹת֩ לָהֶ֨ם בְּרִ֜ית וַיַּשְׁבַּ֤ע אֹתָם֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֥רְא אֹתָ֖ם אֶת־בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then in the seventh year Jehoiada sent for the commanders of a hundred over the special guard and over the infantry, and he took them along, and he convened them in the house of the Lord, and he made a covenant with them, and he made them swear an oath in the house of the Lord. Then he showed them the king's son. |
a hundred: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 23:1. infantry: see 2 Ki 10:25. convened ← brought to him. |
| 2 Ki 11:5 | וַיְצַוֵּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּן הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית מִכֶּם֙ בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וְשֹׁ֣מְרֵ֔י מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he instructed them and said, “This is the operation which you will carry out. One third of you will come on the Sabbath and keep guard at the king's house. |
|| 2 Chr 23:3, 2 Chr 23:4.
operation ← thing. |
| 2 Ki 11:6 | וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ בְּשַׁ֣עַר ס֔וּר וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֥ית בַּשַּׁ֖עַר אַחַ֣ר הָרָצִ֑ים וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת הַבַּ֖יִת מַסָּֽח׃ | And one third will be at the Sur Gate, and one third will be at the gate behind the infantry, and you will keep guard of the house from any abduction. |
|| 2 Chr 23:5.
infantry: see 2 Ki 10:25. abduction: AV differs (be broken down), which is also possible. See [ST] for many other translation options. |
| 2 Ki 11:7 | וּשְׁתֵּ֤י הַיָּדוֹת֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יֹצְאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וְשָֽׁמְר֛וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And you will be in two divisions. All who go out on the Sabbath will keep guard of the house of the Lord, defending the king. |
|| 2 Chr 23:6.
you will be in two divisions ← the two parts ( ← hands) (will be) in you. defending ← towards. |
| 2 Ki 11:8 | וְהִקַּפְתֶּ֨ם עַל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ סָבִ֗יב אִ֚ישׁ וְכֵלָ֣יו בְּיָד֔וֹ וְהַבָּ֥א אֶל־הַשְּׂדֵר֖וֹת יוּמָ֑ת וִהְי֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּצֵאת֥וֹ וּבְבֹאֽוֹ׃ | And you will form a circle round the king, each man having his weapons in his hand, and anyone coming into the ranks will be put to death. And accompany the king as he goes out and comes in.” |
|| 2 Chr 23:7.
accompany ← be with. |
| 2 Ki 11:9 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ שָׂרֵ֣י *המאיות **הַמֵּא֗וֹת כְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה֮ יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵן֒ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת עִ֖ם יֹצְאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־יְהוֹיָדָ֥ע הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And the commanders of a hundred did everything that Jehoiada the priest commanded, and each one took his men – those who were to come on the Sabbath with those who were to go out on the Sabbath – and they went to Jehoiada the priest. |
hundred: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré, as in 2 Ki 11:4.
|| 2 Chr 23:8. everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Ki 11:10 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן לְשָׂרֵ֣י *המאיות **הַמֵּא֗וֹת אֶֽת־הַחֲנִית֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁלָטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priest gave the commanders of a hundred the spears and shields which had belonged to King David, which were in the house of the Lord. |
hundred: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré, as in 2 Ki 11:4.
spears ← spear. The word could be re-pointed to a plural. || 2 Chr 23:9. |
| 2 Ki 11:11 | וַיַּעַמְד֨וּ הָרָצִ֜ים אִ֣ישׁ ׀ וְכֵלָ֣יו בְּיָד֗וֹ מִכֶּ֨תֶף הַבַּ֤יִת הַיְמָנִית֙ עַד־כֶּ֤תֶף הַבַּ֙יִת֙ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔ית לַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וְלַבָּ֑יִת עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ סָבִֽיב׃ | And the infantrymen stood, each with his weapons in his hand, from the right hand side of the house to the left hand side of the house, and around the altar and the house in defence of the king. |
|| 2 Chr 23:10.
infantrymen: see 2 Ki 10:25. side (2x) ← shoulder. in defence of ← at. |
| 2 Ki 11:12 | וַיּוֹצִ֣א אֶת־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן עָלָיו֙ אֶת־הַנֵּ֙זֶר֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵד֔וּת וַיַּמְלִ֥כוּ אֹת֖וֹ וַיִּמְשָׁחֻ֑הוּ וַיַּכּוּ־כָ֔ף וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Then he brought the king's son out, and he put the crown on him, and he gave him the testimony, and they made him king and anointed him, and they clapped their hands and said, “May the king live.” |
|| 2 Chr 23:11.
the testimony: i.e. the law of Moses. |
| 2 Ki 11:13 | וַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע עֲתַלְיָ֔ה אֶת־ק֥וֹל הָֽרָצִ֖ין הָעָ֑ם וַתָּבֹ֥א אֶל־הָעָ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And when Athaliah heard the sound of the infantry and the people, she went to the people and to the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 23:12.
infantry: see 2 Ki 10:25. Here, with an Aramaic plural ending. |
| 2 Ki 11:14 | וַתֵּ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּ֣ה הַמֶּלֶךְ֩ עֹמֵ֨ד עַֽל־הָעַמּ֜וּד כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וְהַשָּׂרִ֤ים וְהַחֲצֹֽצְרוֹת֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שָׂמֵ֔חַ וְתֹקֵ֖עַ בַּחֲצֹֽצְר֑וֹת וַתִּקְרַ֤ע עֲתַלְיָה֙ אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֔יהָ וַתִּקְרָ֖א קֶ֥שֶׁר קָֽשֶׁר׃ ס | And she looked, and what she saw was the king standing at a column, according to the custom, with officials and trumpet-players in attendance to the king, and all the people of the land rejoicing and blowing trumpets. At this Athaliah tore her clothes and shouted, “A conspiracy, a conspiracy!” |
|| 2 Chr 23:13.
what she saw was ← behold. at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Ki 11:15 | וַיְצַו֩ יְהוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־שָׂרֵ֥י *המיאות **הַמֵּא֣וֹת ׀ פְּקֻדֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הוֹצִ֤יאוּ אֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־מִבֵּ֣ית לַשְּׂדֵרֹ֔ת וְהַבָּ֥א אַחֲרֶ֖יהָ הָמֵ֣ת בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אַל־תּוּמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Jehoiada the priest instructed the commanders of a hundred who were in charge of the army, and he said to them, “Take her away but within the ranks, and kill anyone who follows her with the sword.” For the priest had said, “Don't let her be put to death in the house of the Lord.” |
hundred: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré, as in 2 Ki 11:4.
|| 2 Chr 23:14. but within the ranks ← towards from inside the ranks. |
| 2 Ki 11:16 | וַיָּשִׂ֤מוּ לָהּ֙ יָדַ֔יִם וַתָּב֛וֹא דֶּֽרֶךְ־מְב֥וֹא הַסּוּסִ֖ים בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתּוּמַ֖ת שָֽׁם׃ ס | So they laid hands on her as she went in the direction of the horse entrance to the king's house, and she was put to death there. |
|| 2 Chr 23:15.
as ← and. direction ← way. |
| 2 Ki 11:17 | וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹיָדָ֜ע אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֗ית בֵּ֤ין יְהוָה֙ וּבֵ֤ין הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָעָ֔ם לִהְי֥וֹת לְעָ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה וּבֵ֥ין הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבֵ֥ין הָעָֽם׃ | And Jehoiada made a covenant between the Lord and the king and the people, to be a people to the Lord, and between the king and the people. |
|| 2 Chr 23:16.
made ← cut. |
| 2 Ki 11:18 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ כָל־עַם֩ הָאָ֨רֶץ בֵּית־הַבַּ֜עַל וַֽיִּתְּצֻ֗הוּ אֶת־*מזבחתו **מִזְבְּחֹתָ֤יו וְאֶת־צְלָמָיו֙ שִׁבְּר֣וּ הֵיטֵ֔ב וְאֵ֗ת מַתָּן֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הַבַּ֔עַל הָרְג֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י הַֽמִּזְבְּח֑וֹת וַיָּ֧שֶׂם הַכֹּהֵ֛ן פְּקֻדּ֖וֹת עַל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And all the people of the land went to the house of Baal and demolished it. They smashed up his altars and his images, and they killed Mattan, Baal's priest, in front of the altars. Then the priest appointed duties over the house of the Lord. |
his altars: the ketiv has to be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
|| 2 Chr 23:17, 2 Chr 23:18. smashed up ← shattered well. duties ← charges. AV differs (officers). A feminine word and an abstract noun. |
| 2 Ki 11:19 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י הַ֠מֵּאוֹת וְאֶת־הַכָּרִ֨י וְאֶת־הָרָצִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֗רֶץ וַיֹּרִ֤ידוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּב֛וֹאוּ דֶּֽרֶך־שַׁ֥עַר הָרָצִ֖ים בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א הַמְּלָכִֽים׃ | And he took the commanders of a hundred and the special guard, and the infantry, and all the people of the land, and they brought the king down from the house of the Lord, and they went by the route of the Gate of the Infantry to the king's house, and he sat on the kings' throne. |
|| 2 Chr 23:20.
infantry: see 2 Ki 10:25. |
| 2 Ki 11:20 | וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח כָּל־עַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהָעִ֣יר שָׁקָ֑טָה וְאֶת־עֲתַלְיָ֛הוּ הֵמִ֥יתוּ בַחֶ֖רֶב בֵּ֥ית *מלך **הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was undisturbed. So they killed Athaliah by the sword at {K: the} [Q: the] king's house. | || 2 Chr 23:21. |
| 2 Ki 12:1 2 Ki 11:21AV |
בֶּן־שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים יְהוֹאָ֥שׁ בְּמָלְכֽוֹ׃ פ | Joash was seven years old when he started to reign. | || 2 Chr 24:1. |
| 2 Ki 12:2 2 Ki 12:1AV |
בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֤בַע לְיֵהוּא֙ מָלַ֣ךְ יְהוֹאָ֔שׁ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ צִבְיָ֖ה מִבְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | In the seventh year of Jehu, Joash started to reign, and he reigned for forty years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Zibiah from Beersheba. | || 2 Chr 24:1. |
| 2 Ki 12:3 2 Ki 12:2AV |
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוֹאָ֧שׁ הַיָּשָׁ֛ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־יָמָ֑יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹרָ֔הוּ יְהוֹיָדָ֖ע הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And Joash did what was right in the sight of the Lord all his days in which Jehoiada the priest taught him, | || 2 Chr 24:2. |
| 2 Ki 12:4 2 Ki 12:3AV |
רַ֥ק הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹא־סָ֑רוּ ע֥וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמֽוֹת׃ | except that the idolatrous raised sites were not removed. The people would still sacrifice and burn incense on the idolatrous raised sites. | were not removed: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 2 Ki 12:5 2 Ki 12:4AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹאָ֜שׁ אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים כֹּל֩ כֶּ֨סֶף הַקֳּדָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־יוּבָ֤א בֵית־יְהוָה֙ כֶּ֣סֶף עוֹבֵ֔ר אִ֕ישׁ כֶּ֥סֶף נַפְשׁ֖וֹת עֶרְכּ֑וֹ כָּל־כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַֽעֲלֶה֙ עַ֣ל לֶב־אִ֔ישׁ לְהָבִ֖יא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And Joash said to the priests, “All the money from the sacred donations which is brought into the house of the Lord is money passing under the counting rod. And each person brings a voluntary amount of money according to his valuation or whatever sum arises in the heart of a man to bring to the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 24:5.
On valuation and passing under a rod, see Lev 27:2-3 (redemption), Lev 27:32 (tithing). each person brings a voluntary amount of money according to his valuation ← each, money of souls of his valuation. whatever sum ← all money. |
| 2 Ki 12:6 2 Ki 12:5AV |
יִקְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֣ת מַכָּר֑וֹ וְהֵ֗ם יְחַזְּקוּ֙ אֶת־בֶּ֣דֶק הַבַּ֔יִת לְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִמָּצֵ֥א שָׁ֖ם בָּֽדֶק׃ פ | Let the priests take money, each one from his acquaintances, and let them repair the breaches in the house – all of them – wherever a breach is found.” |
acquaintances ← acquaintance.
repair ← strengthen. breaches ← breach. |
| 2 Ki 12:7 2 Ki 12:6AV |
וַיְהִ֗י בִּשְׁנַ֨ת עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְשָׁלֹ֛שׁ שָׁנָ֖ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יְהוֹאָ֑שׁ לֹֽא־חִזְּק֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־בֶּ֥דֶק הַבָּֽיִת׃ | But it came to pass in the twenty-third year of king Joash, when the priests had not repaired the breach in the house, |
Joash ← Jehoash here, but more often Joash. We regularize.
repaired ← strengthened. |
| 2 Ki 12:8 2 Ki 12:7AV |
וַיִּקְרָא֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹאָ֜שׁ לִיהוֹיָדָ֤ע הַכֹּהֵן֙ וְלַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מַדּ֛וּעַ אֵינְכֶ֥ם מְחַזְּקִ֖ים אֶת־בֶּ֣דֶק הַבָּ֑יִת וְעַתָּ֗ה אַל־תִּקְחוּ־כֶ֙סֶף֙ מֵאֵ֣ת מַכָּֽרֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־לְבֶ֥דֶק הַבַּ֖יִת תִּתְּנֻֽהוּ׃ | that King Joash called for Jehoiada the priest and the other priests, and he said to them, “Why are you not repairing the breach in the house? So now, do not take money from your acquaintances for yourselves, but spend it on the breach in the house.” |
|| 2 Chr 24:6.
repairing ← strengthening. spend ← give. breach in ← breach of. |
| 2 Ki 12:9 2 Ki 12:8AV |
וַיֵּאֹ֖תוּ הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים לְבִלְתִּ֤י קְחַת־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מֵאֵ֣ת הָעָ֔ם וּלְבִלְתִּ֥י חַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־בֶּ֥דֶק הַבָּֽיִת׃ | Then the priests agreed not to accumulate money from the people, and so failing to repair the breach in the house. |
accumulate ← take.
repair ← strengthen. |
| 2 Ki 12:10 2 Ki 12:9AV |
וַיִּקַּ֞ח יְהוֹיָדָ֤ע הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֲר֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד וַיִּקֹּ֥ב חֹ֖ר בְּדַלְתּ֑וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֹתוֹ֩ אֵ֨צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֜חַ *בימין **מִיָּמִ֗ין בְּבֽוֹא־אִישׁ֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְנָֽתְנוּ־שָׁ֤מָּה הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּ֔ף אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַמּוּבָ֥א בֵית־יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jehoiada the priest took a chest and bored a hole in its lid, and he put it next to the altar, on the right as one enters the house of the Lord. And the priests who kept the door put all the money which had been brought into the house of the Lord there. |
on the right: the ketiv and qeré have different prepositions, but the meaning of the expression as a whole is the same in each case.
|| 2 Chr 24:8, 2 Chr 24:9. a chest ← one chest. one ← a man. door ← threshold. |
| 2 Ki 12:11 2 Ki 12:10AV |
וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּרְאוֹתָ֔ם כִּֽי־רַ֥ב הַכֶּ֖סֶף בָּֽאָר֑וֹן וַיַּ֨עַל סֹפֵ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל וַיָּצֻ֙רוּ֙ וַיִּמְנ֔וּ אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּמְצָ֥א בֵית־יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when they saw that the amount of money in the chest was large, that the king's scribe and the high priest went up and put it in bags, and they counted the money which was present in the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 24:11.
put it in bags ← bound (it up). present ← found. |
| 2 Ki 12:12 2 Ki 12:11AV |
וְנָתְנוּ֙ אֶת־הַכֶּ֣סֶף הַֽמְתֻכָּ֔ן עַל־*יד **יְדֵי֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה *הפקדים **הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיּוֹצִיאֻ֜הוּ לְחָרָשֵׁ֤י הָעֵץ֙ וְלַבֹּנִ֔ים הָעֹשִׂ֖ים בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And they paid the money which had been weighed out to those who carried out the work, who had been appointed over the house of the Lord, and they spent it on carpenters and builders who worked on the house of the Lord, |
paid ... to those who carried out the work ← gave onto the {K: hand of} [Q: hands of] the doers of the work.
had been appointed: the ketiv, qal passive, and qeré, hophal, have the same meaning. || 2 Chr 24:12. carpenters ← craftsmen of wood. |
| 2 Ki 12:13 2 Ki 12:12AV |
וְלַגֹּֽדְרִים֙ וּלְחֹצְבֵ֣י הָאֶ֔בֶן וְלִקְנ֤וֹת עֵצִים֙ וְאַבְנֵ֣י מַחְצֵ֔ב לְחַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־בֶּ֣דֶק בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וּלְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵ֥א עַל־הַבַּ֖יִת לְחָזְקָֽה׃ | and on wall-builders and hewers of stone, and to buy wood and hewn stones, so as to repair the breach in the house of the Lord, and on everyone who went out for the sake of the house, to repair it. |
|| 2 Chr 24:12, 2 Chr 24:13.
repair (2x) ← strengthen. everyone who went out: or everything that was an outgoing (expense). |
| 2 Ki 12:14 2 Ki 12:13AV |
אַךְ֩ לֹ֨א יֵעָשֶׂ֜ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֗ה סִפּ֥וֹת כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מְזַמְּר֤וֹת מִזְרָקוֹת֙ חֲצֹ֣צְר֔וֹת כָּל־כְּלִ֥י זָהָ֖ב וּכְלִי־כָ֑סֶף מִן־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַמּוּבָ֥א בֵית־יְהוָֽה׃ | But no silver drain pans, snuffers, sprinkling basins, trumpets, or any utensils of gold or any utensils of silver were made for the house of the Lord from the money which was brought to the house of the Lord, |
|| 2 Chr 24:14. In this verse the money is brought to the house of the Lord; in 2 Chr 24:14 money is brought to the king, perhaps before being passed on. Or the verses refer to different money.
any ← every. |
| 2 Ki 12:15 2 Ki 12:14AV |
כִּֽי־לְעֹשֵׂ֥י הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה יִתְּנֻ֑הוּ וְחִזְּקוּ־ב֖וֹ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | because they gave it to those doing the work, and they repaired the house of the Lord by means of it. | repaired ← strengthened. |
| 2 Ki 12:16 2 Ki 12:15AV |
וְלֹ֧א יְחַשְּׁב֣וּ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ עַל־יָדָ֔ם לָתֵ֖ת לְעֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֑ה כִּ֥י בֶאֱמֻנָ֖ה הֵ֥ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | And they did not hold the men to account to whom they handed the money, to give to those doing the work, because they acted faithfully. | faithfully ← in faith. |
| 2 Ki 12:17 2 Ki 12:16AV |
כֶּ֤סֶף אָשָׁם֙ וְכֶ֣סֶף חַטָּא֔וֹת לֹ֥א יוּבָ֖א בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ פ | No money as a guilt-offering or money as a sin-offering was brought into the house of the Lord; that was for the priests. | that was ← they will be. |
| 2 Ki 12:18 2 Ki 12:17AV |
אָ֣ז יַעֲלֶ֗ה חֲזָאֵל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עַל־גַּ֖ת וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֑הּ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם חֲזָאֵל֙ פָּנָ֔יו לַעֲל֖וֹת עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then Hazael king of Aramaea went up and waged war against Gath and captured it. And Hazael resolved to go up against Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Chr 24:23.
resolved ← set his face. Compare Luke 9:51. |
| 2 Ki 12:19 2 Ki 12:18AV |
וַיִּקַּ֞ח יְהוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַקֳּדָשִׁ֡ים אֲשֶׁר־הִקְדִּ֣ישׁוּ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט וִיהוֹרָם֩ וַאֲחַזְיָ֨הוּ אֲבֹתָ֜יו מַלְכֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וְאֶת־קֳדָשָׁ֔יו וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַזָּהָ֗ב הַנִּמְצָ֛א בְּאֹצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח לַֽחֲזָאֵל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיַּ֖עַל מֵעַ֥ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | At this Joash king of Judah took all the holy articles which Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah his fathers, kings of Judah, had sanctified, and his own holy articles, and all the gold present in the treasuries of the house of the Lord and in the house of the king, and he sent it all to Hazael king of Aramaea. Then he went up away from Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Chr 24:23, 2 Chr 24:24. Very loosely parallel.
at this: wider use of the vav. present ← found. |
| 2 Ki 12:20 2 Ki 12:19AV |
וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יוֹאָ֖שׁ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Joash, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | |
| 2 Ki 12:21 2 Ki 12:20AV |
וַיָּקֻ֥מוּ עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיִּקְשְׁרֽוּ־קָ֑שֶׁר וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔שׁ בֵּ֥ית מִלֹּ֖א הַיּוֹרֵ֥ד סִלָּֽא׃ | And his servants arose and made a conspiracy, and they struck Joash down at the house of Millo, which extends down to Silla. |
|| 2 Chr 24:25.
extends ← goes. |
| 2 Ki 12:22 2 Ki 12:21AV |
וְיוֹזָבָ֣ד בֶּן־שִׁ֠מְעָת וִיהוֹזָבָ֨ד בֶּן־שֹׁמֵ֤ר ׀ עֲבָדָיו֙ הִכֻּ֣הוּ וַיָּמֹ֔ת וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲמַצְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Jozabad the son of Shimath and Jehozabad the son of Shomer, his servants, struck him down, and he died. And they buried him with his fathers in the City of David, and Amaziah his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:12, 2 Chr 24:25, 2 Chr 24:26, 2 Chr 24:27.
Jozabad: AV= Jozachar, the reading of many manuscripts [BHS-CA]. Shimath ← Shim'ath. AV= Shimeath, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 13:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְשָׁלֹשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְיוֹאָ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ יְהוֹאָחָ֨ז בֶּן־יֵה֤וּא עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן שְׁבַ֥ע עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu started to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he did so for seventeen years. | |
| 2 Ki 13:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַ֠יֵּלֶךְ אַחַ֨ר חַטֹּ֜את יָרָבְעָ֧ם בֶּן־נְבָ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא־סָ֥ר מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | But he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. He did not depart from it. | followed ← went after. |
| 2 Ki 13:3 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֞ם בְּיַ֣ד ׀ חֲזָאֵ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם וּבְיַ֛ד בֶּן־הֲדַ֥ד בֶּן־חֲזָאֵ֖ל כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Aramaea, and into the hand of Ben-Hadad the son of Hazael all the time. | all the time ← all the days. |
| 2 Ki 13:4 | וַיְחַ֥ל יְהוֹאָחָ֖ז אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֤י רָאָה֙ אֶת־לַ֣חַץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־לָחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָֽם׃ | And Jehoahaz supplicated the Lord, and the Lord heard him, for he saw the oppression Israel was under, because the king of Aramaea was oppressing them. |
supplicated ← appeased / weakened the face of.
the oppression Israel was under ← the oppression of Israel, an objective genitive. |
| 2 Ki 13:5 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מוֹשִׁ֔יעַ וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּ מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־אֲרָ֑ם וַיֵּשְׁב֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶ֖ם כִּתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | And the Lord gave Israel a saviour, and they escaped the hegemony of Aramaea, and the sons of Israel dwelt in their tents as they had done previously. |
escaped the hegemony ← went out from under the hand of.
they had done previously ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| 2 Ki 13:6 | אַ֠ךְ לֹֽא־סָ֜רוּ מֵחַטֹּ֧אות בֵּית־יָרָבְעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־*החטי **הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣הּ הָלָ֑ךְ וְגַם֙ הָאֲשֵׁרָ֔ה עָמְדָ֖ה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | But they did not depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam who caused Israel to sin. He walked that way. And moreover the phallic park remained standing in Samaria. |
caused ... to sin: the ketiv, omitting an aleph, could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. Compare 2 Sam 5:2, with a different word (led in).
that way ← in it. moreover ← also, but with wider scope. |
| 2 Ki 13:7 | כִּ֣י לֹא֩ הִשְׁאִ֨יר לִיהוֹאָחָ֜ז עָ֗ם כִּ֣י אִם־חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים פָּֽרָשִׁים֙ וַעֲשָׂ֣רָה רֶ֔כֶב וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים רַגְלִ֑י כִּ֤י אִבְּדָם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם וַיְשִׂמֵ֥ם כֶּֽעָפָ֖ר לָדֻֽשׁ׃ | For he did not leave a people to Jehoahaz except for fifty horsemen and ten chariots and ten thousand foot soldiers, because the king of Aramaea had destroyed them and had made them like dust to tread on. | tread on: the word also means thresh. |
| 2 Ki 13:8 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֧י יְהוֹאָחָ֛ז וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה וּגְבוּרָת֑וֹ הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Jehoahaz and everything he did, and his bravery, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 2 Ki 13:9 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יְהֽוֹאָחָז֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֖הוּ בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יוֹאָ֥שׁ בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Jehoahaz lay with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria, and Joash his son reigned in his place. | |
| 2 Ki 13:10 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָשֶׁ֙בַע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְיוֹאָ֖שׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ יְהוֹאָ֨שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֤ז עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah, Joash the son of Jehoahaz started to reign over Israel in Samaria and he did so for sixteen years. | Joash (second occurrence in verse) ← Jehoash. But the two forms of the name cannot be used to distinguish the two kings with this name. |
| 2 Ki 13:11 | וַיַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מִכָּל־חַטֹּ֞אות יָרָבְעָ֧ם בֶּן־נְבָ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֥הּ הָלָֽךְ׃ | And he did evil in the eyes of the Lord; he did not depart from any of the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin – he walked that way. |
any ← all. Compare Gen 31:37.
that way ← in it. |
| 2 Ki 13:12 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י יוֹאָשׁ֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִלְחַ֔ם עִ֖ם אֲמַצְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Joash, and everything he did, and his bravery with which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Ki 13:13 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יוֹאָשׁ֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וְיָרָבְעָ֖ם יָשַׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֑וֹ וַיִּקָּבֵ֤ר יוֹאָשׁ֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן עִ֖ם מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Joash lay with his fathers, and Jeroboam sat on his throne, and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. | |
| 2 Ki 13:14 | וֶֽאֱלִישָׁע֙ חָלָ֣ה אֶת־חָלְי֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָמ֖וּת בּ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨רֶד אֵלָ֜יו יוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיֵּ֤בְךְּ עַל־פָּנָיו֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אָבִ֣י ׀ אָבִ֔י רֶ֥כֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּפָרָשָֽׁיו׃ | And Elisha became ill with an illness of his, of which he would die. And Joash king of Israel went down to him and wept beside him and said, “My father, my father, the chariot of Israel and its horsemen.” | beside him ← over / at his face. |
| 2 Ki 13:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אֱלִישָׁ֔ע קַ֖ח קֶ֣שֶׁת וְחִצִּ֑ים וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֵלָ֖יו קֶ֥שֶׁת וְחִצִּֽים׃ | And Elisha said to him, “Fetch a bow and arrows.” So he fetched him a bow and arrows. | |
| 2 Ki 13:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְכֵּ֤ב יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַקֶּ֔שֶׁת וַיַּרְכֵּ֖ב יָד֑וֹ וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֱלִישָׁ֛ע יָדָ֖יו עַל־יְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then he said to the king of Israel, “Place your hand on the bow.” So he placed his hand there, and Elisha put his hands on the king's hands. | place ... placed ← mount ... mounted. |
| 2 Ki 13:17 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר פְּתַ֧ח הַחַלּ֛וֹן קֵ֖דְמָה וַיִּפְתָּ֑ח וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֤ע יְרֵה֙ וַיּ֔וֹר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר חֵץ־תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ וְחֵ֣ץ תְּשׁוּעָ֣ה בַֽאֲרָ֔ם וְהִכִּיתָ֧ אֶת־אֲרָ֛ם בַּאֲפֵ֖ק עַד־כַּלֵּֽה׃ | Then he said, “Open the window to the east.” So he opened it. Then Elisha said, “Shoot.” So he shot. Then he said, “It is an arrow of the Lord's salvation, and an arrow of salvation from Aramaea, and you will strike the Aramaeans down in Aphek, until you have annihilated them.” |
salvation from ← salvation in, but also against.
you have annihilated them: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb or substantive (annihilation). |
| 2 Ki 13:18 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר קַ֥ח הַחִצִּ֖ים וַיִּקָּ֑ח וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לְמֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַךְ־אַ֔רְצָה וַיַּ֥ךְ שָֽׁלֹשׁ־פְּעָמִ֖ים וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד׃ | Then he said, “Take the arrows.” So he took them. Then he said to the king of Israel, “Strike the ground.” So he struck it three times, then he stopped. | stopped ← stood. |
| 2 Ki 13:19 | וַיִּקְצֹ֨ף עָלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְהַכּ֨וֹת חָמֵ֤שׁ אוֹ־שֵׁשׁ֙ פְּעָמִ֔ים אָ֛ז הִכִּ֥יתָ אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלֵּ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים תַּכֶּ֥ה אֶת־אֲרָֽם׃ ס | Then the man of God became angry with him, having told him to strike it five or six times. And he said, “If you had done what I said, then you would have struck the Aramaeans down until you had annihilated them. But now you will strike the Aramaeans just three times.” | you had annihilated them: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb or substantive (annihilation). |
| 2 Ki 13:20 | וַיָּ֥מָת אֱלִישָׁ֖ע וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֑הוּ וּגְדוּדֵ֥י מוֹאָ֛ב יָבֹ֥אוּ בָאָ֖רֶץ בָּ֥א שָׁנָֽה׃ | Elisha then died, and they buried him. But the troops of Moab were to come into the land with the arrival of the new year. | |
| 2 Ki 13:21 | וַיְהִ֞י הֵ֣ם ׀ קֹבְרִ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וְהִנֵּה֙ רָא֣וּ אֶֽת־הַגְּד֔וּד וַיַּשְׁלִ֥יכוּ אֶת־הָאִ֖ישׁ בְּקֶ֣בֶר אֱלִישָׁ֑ע וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ וַיִּגַּ֤ע הָאִישׁ֙ בְּעַצְמ֣וֹת אֱלִישָׁ֔ע וַיְחִ֖י וַיָּ֥קָם עַל־רַגְלָֽיו׃ פ | Then it came to pass as they were burying a man that, as it happened, they saw the troop, and they deposited the man in Elisha's tomb, and as he went in, the man touched Elisha's bones, and he revived and arose to his feet. | as it happened ← behold. |
| 2 Ki 13:22 | וַֽחֲזָאֵל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם לָחַ֖ץ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י יְהוֹאָחָֽז׃ | And Hazael king of Aramaea oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. | |
| 2 Ki 13:23 | וַיָּחָן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֹתָ֤ם וַֽיְרַחֲמֵם֙ וַיִּ֣פֶן אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לְמַ֣עַן בְּרִית֔וֹ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם יִצְחָ֣ק וְיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ הַשְׁחִיתָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־הִשְׁלִיכָ֥ם מֵֽעַל־פָּנָ֖יו עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ | But the Lord was gracious to them, and he showed them mercy, and he turned to them for the sake of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and he was unwilling to bring ruin on them. So he has not banished them from his presence up to now. | |
| 2 Ki 13:24 | וַיָּ֖מָת חֲזָאֵ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֑ם וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ בֶּן־הֲדַ֥ד בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Hazael king of Aramaea died, and Ben-Hadad his son reigned in his place. | |
| 2 Ki 13:25 | וַיָּ֜שָׁב יְהוֹאָ֣שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֗ז וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הֶֽעָרִים֙ מִיַּד֙ בֶּן־הֲדַ֣ד בֶּן־חֲזָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָקַ֗ח מִיַּ֛ד יְהוֹאָחָ֥ז אָבִ֖יו בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה שָׁלֹ֤שׁ פְּעָמִים֙ הִכָּ֣הוּ יוֹאָ֔שׁ וַיָּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־עָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Then Joash the son of Jehoahaz retook the cities from the grip of Ben-Hadad the son of Hazael, who had taken them from the control of Jehoahaz his father in the war. Joash attacked him three times and regained the cities of Israel. |
Joash ← Jehoash here. See 2 Ki 12:7 (2 Ki 12:6AV).
grip ... control ← hand ... hand. |
| 2 Ki 14:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לְיוֹאָ֥שׁ בֶּן־יוֹאָחָ֖ז מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ אֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the second year of Joash the son of Jehoahaz, the king of Israel, Amaziah reigned, the son of Joash the king of Judah. | Jehoahaz ← Joahaz, a shortened form of the usual spelling, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 14:2 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ *יהועדין **יְהֽוֹעַדָּ֖ן מִן־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | He was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was {K: Jehoaddin} [Q: Jehoaddan] from Jerusalem. | || 2 Chr 25:1. |
| 2 Ki 14:3 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה רַ֕ק לֹ֖א כְּדָוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו כְּכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יוֹאָ֥שׁ אָבִ֖יו עָשָֽׂה׃ | And he did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, but not like David his father. He acted in a similar way to everything his father Joash did. |
|| 2 Chr 25:2.
father (first occurrence in verse): standing for forefather. |
| 2 Ki 14:4 | רַ֥ק הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹא־סָ֑רוּ ע֥וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמֽוֹת׃ | However, the idolatrous raised sites were not removed. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense on the idolatrous raised sites. | were not removed: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 2 Ki 14:5 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר חָזְקָ֥ה הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו הַמַּכִּ֖ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אָבִֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, as the kingdom became stronger under his control, that he struck down those servants of his who had struck down the king who was his father. |
|| 2 Chr 25:3.
stronger ← strong. control ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 14:6 | וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י הַמַּכִּ֖ים לֹ֣א הֵמִ֑ית כַּכָּת֣וּב בְּסֵ֣פֶר תּֽוֹרַת־מֹ֠שֶׁה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־יוּמְת֨וּ אָב֤וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וּבָנִים֙ לֹא־יוּמְת֣וּ עַל־אָב֔וֹת כִּ֛י אִם־אִ֥ישׁ בְּחֶטְא֖וֹ *ימות **יוּמָֽת׃ | But he did not kill the sons of those who struck him down, as it stands written in the book of the law of Moses, whom the Lord commanded and said, “Fathers shall not be put to death on account of their sons, and sons shall not be put to death on account of their fathers, but each person shall {K: die} [Q: be put to death] for his own sin.” | || 2 Chr 25:4. |
| 2 Ki 14:7 | הוּא־הִכָּ֨ה אֶת־אֱד֤וֹם בְּגֵיא־*המלח **מֶ֙לַח֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֔ים וְתָפַ֥שׂ אֶת־הַסֶּ֖לַע בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמָהּ֙ יָקְתְאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | He attacked Edom in the Valley of Salt, defeating ten thousand men, and he captured Sela in the war, and he called it Joktheel, as it is up to this day. |
Salt: the ketiv has the definite article, which can be attached in the English to valley, although it is not needed in Hebrew if Salt is taken as a name.
|| 2 Chr 25:11. Sela: AV= Selah, an irregular transliteration of the ayin as hé. Joktheel: see Josh 15:38. |
| 2 Ki 14:8 | אָ֣ז שָׁלַ֤ח אֲמַצְיָה֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־יְהוֹאָ֨שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֧ז בֶּן־יֵה֛וּא מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר לְכָ֖ה נִתְרָאֶ֥ה פָנִֽים׃ | Then Amaziah sent messengers to Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, the king of Israel, to say, “Come, let us see each other face to face.” |
|| 2 Chr 25:17.
Joash ← Jehoash here. |
| 2 Ki 14:9 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח יְהוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַח֜וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־הָאֶ֜רֶז אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּלְּבָנוֹן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָֽה־אֶת־בִּתְּךָ֥ לִבְנִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲבֹ֞ר חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וַתִּרְמֹ֖ס אֶת־הַחֽוֹחַ׃ | Then Joash king of Israel sent a reply to Amaziah king of Judah and said, “The thistle which was in Lebanon has sent word to the cedar which was in Lebanon and said, ‘Give your daughter to be my son's wife’, and a wild animal which was in Lebanon passed by and trampled on the thistle. |
|| 2 Chr 25:18.
Joash ← Jehoash here. |
| 2 Ki 14:10 | הַכֵּ֤ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֱד֔וֹם וּֽנְשָׂאֲךָ֖ לִבֶּ֑ךָ הִכָּבֵד֙ וְשֵׁ֣ב בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ וְלָ֤מָּה תִתְגָּרֶה֙ בְּרָעָ֔ה וְנָ֣פַלְתָּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וִיהוּדָ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | You have thoroughly defeated Edom, but your heart has exalted you. Be honoured and stay at home, for why should you embroil yourself in trouble and fall in war, you and Judah with you?” |
|| 2 Chr 25:19.
thoroughly defeated: infinitive absolute. stay at home ← sit in your house. trouble ← harm, evil. |
| 2 Ki 14:11 | וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲמַצְיָ֔הוּ וַיַּ֨עַל יְהוֹאָ֤שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּתְרָא֣וּ פָנִ֔ים ה֖וּא וַאֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה בְּבֵ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִיהוּדָֽה׃ | But Amaziah did not heed it, and Joash king of Israel went up, and they looked at each other face to face – he and Amaziah king of Judah – in Beth-Shemesh which belongs to Judah. | || 2 Chr 25:20, 2 Chr 25:21. |
| 2 Ki 14:12 | וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יְהוּדָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ *לאהלו **לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ | And Judah was defeated in confrontation with Israel, and each man fled to {K: his tent} [Q: his tents]. |
his tents (qeré): the plural attracted by each.
|| 2 Chr 25:22. in confrontation with ← before, in the face of. |
| 2 Ki 14:13 | וְאֵת֩ אֲמַצְיָ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה בֶּן־יְהוֹאָ֣שׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָ֗הוּ תָּפַ֛שׂ יְהוֹאָ֥שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ *ויבאו **וַיָּבֹא֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּפְרֹץ֩ בְּחוֹמַ֨ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם בְּשַׁ֤עַר אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־שַׁ֣עַר הַפִּנָּ֔ה אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַמָּֽה׃ | And Joash king of Israel seized Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Ahaziah, in Beth-Shemesh, {K: and they went} [Q: and he went] to Jerusalem. And he demolished the wall of Jerusalem at the Gate of Ephraim as far as the Corner Gate – four hundred cubits of wall. |
|| 2 Chr 25:23.
seized: an example of a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. Joash (second occurrence in verse) ← Jehoash here. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 2 Ki 14:14 | וְלָקַ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־הַזָּהָב־וְ֠הַכֶּסֶף וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֜ים הַנִּמְצְאִ֣ים בֵּית־יְהוָ֗ה וּבְאֹֽצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י הַתַּֽעֲרֻב֑וֹת וַיָּ֖שָׁב שֹׁמְרֽוֹנָה׃ | And he took all the gold and the silver and all the equipment which were present in the house of the Lord, and in the treasuries of the king's house. And he took hostages and returned to Samaria. |
|| 2 Chr 25:24.
present ← found. hostages ← the hostages. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 14:15 | וְיֶתֶר֩ דִּבְרֵ֨י יְהוֹאָ֜שׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ וּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נִלְחַ֔ם עִ֖ם אֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the exploits of Joash which he undertook, and his bravery, and the fact that he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Ki 14:16 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יְהוֹאָשׁ֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵר֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן עִ֖ם מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יָרָבְעָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Joash lay with his fathers, and he was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel, and Jeroboam his son reigned in his place. | |
| 2 Ki 14:17 | וַיְחִ֨י אֲמַצְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־יוֹאָשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה אַֽחֲרֵ֣י מ֔וֹת יְהוֹאָ֥שׁ בֶּן־יְהֽוֹאָחָ֖ז מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Amaziah the son of Joash, the king of Judah, lived for fifteen years after the death of Joash the son of Jehoahaz, the king of Israel. | || 2 Chr 25:25. |
| 2 Ki 14:18 | וְיֶ֖תֶר דִּבְרֵ֣י אֲמַצְיָ֑הוּ הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Amaziah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 25:26. |
| 2 Ki 14:19 | וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ עָלָ֥יו קֶ֛שֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֣נָס לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ אַֽחֲרָיו֙ לָכִ֔ישָׁה וַיְמִתֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁם׃ | But they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But they sent forces after him to Lachish, and they killed him there. |
|| 2 Chr 25:27.
made a conspiracy ← conspired a conspiracy. |
| 2 Ki 14:20 | וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־הַסּוּסִ֑ים וַיִּקָּבֵ֧ר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֥יר דָּוִֽד׃ | And they bore him on horses, and he was buried in Jerusalem with his fathers in the City of David. |
|| 2 Chr 25:28.
horses ← the horses. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 14:21 | וַיִּקְח֞וּ כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עֲזַרְיָ֔ה וְה֕וּא בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֣כוּ אֹת֔וֹ תַּ֖חַת אָבִ֥יו אֲמַצְיָֽהוּ׃ | And all the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and they made him king in place of his father Amaziah. |
|| 1 Chr 3:12, 2 Chr 26:1.
Azariah: sometimes called Uzziah. |
| 2 Ki 14:22 | ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־אֵילַ֔ת וַיְשִׁבֶ֖הָ לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה אַחֲרֵ֥י שְׁכַֽב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עִם־אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ פ | He built Elath, and he restored it to Judah after the previous king had lain with his fathers. | || 2 Chr 26:2. |
| 2 Ki 14:23 | בִּשְׁנַת֙ חֲמֵשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַאֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ יָרָבְעָ֨ם בֶּן־יוֹאָ֤שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאַחַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה׃ | In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash, the king of Judah, Jeroboam the son of Joash, the king of Israel, became king in Samaria and was so for forty-one years. | |
| 2 Ki 14:24 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מִכָּל־חַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the Lord's sight, and he did not depart from any of the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. | any ← all. Compare Gen 31:37. |
| 2 Ki 14:25 | ה֗וּא הֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִלְּב֥וֹא חֲמָ֖ת עַד־יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֑ה כִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֗ר בְּיַד־עַבְדּ֞וֹ יוֹנָ֤ה בֶן־אֲמִתַּי֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִגַּ֥ת הַחֵֽפֶר׃ | He restored the border of Israel from the access to Hamath to the Dead Sea according to the word of the Lord God of Israel, which he spoke through the intermediacy of his servant Jonah the son of Amittai, the prophet who was from Gath-Hepher. |
the access to Hamath: see 1 Ki 8:65.
the Dead Sea ← the sea of the arid tract. intermediacy ← hand. Gath-Hepher ← the Gath-Hepher. |
| 2 Ki 14:26 | כִּי־רָאָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־עֳנִ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֹרֶ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְאֶ֤פֶס עָצוּר֙ וְאֶ֣פֶס עָז֔וּב וְאֵ֥ין עֹזֵ֖ר לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For the Lord had seen that the affliction of Israel was very bitter, unceasingly and unremittingly, and there was no-one helping Israel. | |
| 2 Ki 14:27 | וְלֹא־דִבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לִמְחוֹת֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיּ֣וֹשִׁיעֵ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד יָרָבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־יוֹאָֽשׁ׃ | And the Lord had not said that he would wipe the name of Israel out from under heaven, and he saved them through the agency of Jeroboam the son of Joash. | agency ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 14:28 | וְיֶתֶר֩ דִּבְרֵ֨י יָרָבְעָ֜ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ וּגְבוּרָת֣וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נִלְחָ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵשִׁ֜יב אֶת־דַּמֶּ֧שֶׂק וְאֶת־חֲמָ֛ת לִיהוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Jeroboam, and everything he did, and his bravery with which he fought, and the fact that he restored Damascus and Hamath of Judah to Israel, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 2 Ki 14:29 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יָֽרָבְעָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו עִ֖ם מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ זְכַרְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Jeroboam lay with his fathers, with the kings of Israel, and Zechariah his son reigned in place of him. | Zechariah: AV= Zachariah. AV only uses this name for the king of Israel (a useful, if not transcriptionally correct, distinction), and Zechariah for the identical Hebrew name ↴ |
| 2 Ki 15:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָשֶׁ֙בַע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְיָרָבְעָ֖ם מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ עֲזַרְיָ֥ה בֶן־אֲמַצְיָ֖ה מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah the son of Amaziah, the king of Judah, started to reign. | ↳ elsewhere, e.g. in Zech 1:1 and 1 Chr 5:7 and 2 Chr 29:1. But this king of Israel is widely known by the more accurate Zechariah, which we adopt. |
| 2 Ki 15:2 | בֶּן־שֵׁ֨שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְכָלְיָ֖הוּ מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | He was sixteen years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for fifty-two years. And his mother's name was Jecholiah from Jerusalem. | || 2 Chr 26:3. |
| 2 Ki 15:3 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, like everything that Amaziah his father did. | || 2 Chr 26:4. |
| 2 Ki 15:4 | רַ֥ק הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹא־סָ֑רוּ ע֥וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמֽוֹת׃ | However, the idolatrous raised sites were not removed. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense on the idolatrous raised sites. | were not removed: qal as passive of hiphil. |
| 2 Ki 15:5 | וַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיְהִ֤י מְצֹרָע֙ עַד־י֣וֹם מֹת֔וֹ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּבֵ֣ית הַחָפְשִׁ֑ית וְיוֹתָ֤ם בֶּן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת שֹׁפֵ֖ט אֶת־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the Lord struck the king, and he became a leper up to the day of his death, and he stayed in the infirmary, and Jotham the king's son was in charge of the house, judging the people of the land. |
|| 2 Chr 26:21.
stayed ← sat; dwelt. |
| 2 Ki 15:6 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י עֲזַרְיָ֖הוּ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Azariah, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 26:22. |
| 2 Ki 15:7 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עֲזַרְיָה֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יוֹתָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Azariah lay with his fathers, and with his fathers in the City of David they buried him. And Jotham his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:12, 2 Chr 26:23.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose; compare 2 Ki 8:24. |
| 2 Ki 15:8 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ זְכַרְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יָרָבְעָ֧ם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן שִׁשָּׁ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah, Zechariah the son of Jeroboam started to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he did so for six months. | Zechariah: see 2 Ki 14:29. |
| 2 Ki 15:9 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָ֑יו לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מֵֽחַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, as his fathers did. He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. | |
| 2 Ki 15:10 | וַיִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־יָבֵ֔שׁ וַיַּכֵּ֥הוּ קָֽבָלְ־עָ֖ם וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him and struck him down in public and killed him, and he reigned in place of him. | in public ← before the people, only here in a Hebrew context, using a preposition common in Aramaic. |
| 2 Ki 15:11 | וְיֶ֖תֶר דִּבְרֵ֣י זְכַרְיָ֑ה הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Zechariah, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. |
Zechariah: see 2 Ki 14:29.
they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Ki 15:12 | ה֣וּא דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֶל־יֵהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּנֵ֣י רְבִיעִ֔ים יֵשְׁב֥וּ לְךָ֖ עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ פ | That was the word of the Lord which he spoke to Jehu when he said, “Your descendants to the fourth generation will sit on the throne of Israel.” And it was so. | to the fourth generation ← of the fourth generation. The four after Jehu were Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jeroboam and Zechariah. Then Shallum broke the line. |
| 2 Ki 15:13 | שַׁלּ֤וּם בֶּן־יָבֵישׁ֙ מָלַ֔ךְ בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְעֻזִיָּ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ יֶֽרַח־יָמִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | Shallum the son of Jabesh started to reign in the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah king of Judah, and he reigned for a full month in Samaria. |
Uzziah ← Uziah here, but often with a dagesh, giving Uzziah. We standardize, as does AV, on Uzziah. Also called Azariah. See 2 Ki 14:21.
a full month ← a month of days. |
| 2 Ki 15:14 | וַיַּעַל֩ מְנַחֵ֨ם בֶּן־גָּדִ֜י מִתִּרְצָ֗ה וַיָּבֹא֙ שֹׁמְר֔וֹן וַיַּ֛ךְ אֶת־שַׁלּ֥וּם בֶּן־יָבֵ֖ישׁ בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן וַיְמִיתֵ֖הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | Then Menahem the son of Gadi from Tirzah went up and came to Samaria and struck Shallum the son of Jabesh down in Samaria, and he killed him, and he reigned in place of him. | |
| 2 Ki 15:15 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י שַׁלּ֔וּם וְקִשְׁר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר הִנָּ֣ם כְּתֻבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And as for the rest of the affairs of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. |
made ← conspired.
they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Ki 15:16 | אָ֣ז יַכֶּֽה־מְ֠נַחֵם אֶת־תִּפְסַ֨ח וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־גְּבוּלֶ֙יהָ֙ מִתִּרְצָ֔ה כִּ֛י לֹ֥א פָתַ֖ח וַיַּ֑ךְ אֵ֛ת כָּל־הֶהָ֥רוֹתֶ֖יהָ בִּקֵּֽעַ׃ פ | Then Menahem attacked Tiphsah and everyone in it, and its territories by Tirzah. Because it did not open up, he attacked it, and he ripped all its pregnant women open. | territories by ← borders from, but the preposition has a wider scope. |
| 2 Ki 15:17 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ מְנַחֵ֨ם בֶּן־גָּדִ֧י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִ֖ים בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah, Menahem the son of Gadi started to reign over Israel, and he did so for ten years in Samaria. | |
| 2 Ki 15:18 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֠ר מֵעַ֨ל חַטֹּ֜אות יָרָבְעָ֧ם בֶּן־נְבָ֛ט אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱטִ֥יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat who caused Israel to sin, all his days. | |
| 2 Ki 15:19 | בָּ֣א פ֤וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מְנַחֵם֙ לְפ֔וּל אֶ֖לֶף כִּכַּר־כָּ֑סֶף לִהְי֤וֹת יָדָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ לְהַחֲזִ֥יק הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Pul king of Assyria came to the land, and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, so that he would have the support to strengthen his grip on the kingdom. |
to the land: or against the land, but reading the sense of אֶל, el for עַל, al, as here, is frequent.
talents: see Ex 25:39. have the support ← his (Pul's?) hand would be with him (Menahem). Or if it refers to Menahem's hand, translate have the capability. grip ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 15:20 | וַיֹּצֵא֩ מְנַחֵ֨ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֜סֶף עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל לָתֵת֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר חֲמִשִּׁ֧ים שְׁקָלִ֛ים כֶּ֖סֶף לְאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְלֹא־עָ֥מַד שָׁ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Menahem raised the money with a levy on Israel, on all valiant warriors, to give it to the king of Assyria – fifty shekels of silver per person – then the king of Assyria returned and did not stay there in the land. |
raised ← brought out.
valiant warriors: or very wealthy men. per person ← for one man. stay ← stand. there: or, [AnLx] III, then, at that time. |
| 2 Ki 15:21 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י מְנַחֵ֖ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Menahem, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? | |
| 2 Ki 15:22 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב מְנַחֵ֖ם עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ פְּקַחְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Menahem lay with his fathers, and Pekahiah his son reigned in his place. | |
| 2 Ki 15:23 | בִּשְׁנַת֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ פְּקַֽחְיָ֨ה בֶן־מְנַחֵ֧ם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן שְׁנָתָֽיִם׃ | In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah the son of Menahem started to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he did so for two years. | |
| 2 Ki 15:24 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מֵֽחַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the eyes of the Lord. He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. | |
| 2 Ki 15:25 | וַיִּקְשֹׁ֣ר עָלָיו֩ פֶּ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֜הוּ שָׁלִישׁ֗וֹ וַיַּכֵּ֨הוּ בְשֹׁמְר֜וֹן בְּאַרְמ֤וֹן בֵּית־*מלך **הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־אַרְגֹּ֣ב וְאֶת־הָאַרְיֵ֔ה וְעִמּ֛וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י גִלְעָדִ֑ים וַיְמִיתֵ֖הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Pekah the son of Remaliah, an adjutant of his, conspired against him and struck him down in Samaria, in the palace of {K: the} [Q: the] king's residence, with Argob and with Arieh, and with him fifty men from the sons of the Gileadites. And he killed him, and he reigned in place of him. | Gileadites: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 15:26 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י פְקַחְיָ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Pekahiah, and everything he did, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. | they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Ki 15:27 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ פֶּ֣קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֧הוּ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekah the son of Remaliah started to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he did so for twenty years. | |
| 2 Ki 15:28 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֣א סָ֗ר מִן־חַטֹּאות֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱטִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord. He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. | |
| 2 Ki 15:29 | בִּימֵ֞י פֶּ֣קַח מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בָּא֮ תִּגְלַ֣ת פִּלְאֶסֶר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁוּר֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־עִיּ֡וֹן וְאֶת־אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֡ה וְאֶת־יָ֠נוֹחַ וְאֶת־קֶ֨דֶשׁ וְאֶת־חָצ֤וֹר וְאֶת־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְאֶת־הַגָּלִ֔ילָה כֹּ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ נַפְתָּלִ֑י וַיַּגְלֵ֖ם אַשּֽׁוּרָה׃ | In the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria came and captured Ijon and Abel-Beth-Maachah and Janoah and Kedesh and Hazor and Gilead and Galilee – all the land of Naphtali – and he deported them to Assyria. |
Tiglath-Pileser: in 1 and 2 Chronicles, Tilgath-Pilneser.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Ki 15:30 | וַיִּקְשָׁר־קֶ֜שֶׁר הוֹשֵׁ֣עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֗ה עַל־פֶּ֙קַח֙ בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּחְתָּ֑יו בִּשְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְיוֹתָ֖ם בֶּן־עֻזִיָּֽה׃ | Then Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and he struck him down and killed him, and he reigned in his place, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah. |
Hoshea: the same Hebrew spelling as Hoshea (later Joshua) of Num 13:8 and Hosea of Hos 1:1.
Uzziah ← Uziah. See 2 Ki 15:13. |
| 2 Ki 15:31 | וְיֶ֥תֶר דִּבְרֵי־פֶ֖קַח וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Pekah, and everything he did, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. | they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Ki 15:32 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לְפֶ֥קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ יוֹתָ֥ם בֶּן־עֻזִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah, the king of Israel, Jotham the son of Uzziah started to reign as the king of Judah. | Uzziah ← Uziah. See 2 Ki 15:13. |
| 2 Ki 15:33 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְרוּשָׁ֖א בַּת־צָדֽוֹק׃ | He was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for sixteen years. And his mother's name was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok. | || 2 Chr 27:1. |
| 2 Ki 15:34 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה עֻזִיָּ֥הוּ אָבִ֖יו עָשָֽׂה׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord. He acted according to everything that Uzziah his father did. |
|| 2 Chr 27:2.
Uzziah ← Uziah. See 2 Ki 15:13. |
| 2 Ki 15:35 | רַ֤ק הַבָּמוֹת֙ לֹ֣א סָ֔רוּ ע֗וֹד הָעָ֛ם מְזַבְּחִ֥ים וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים בַּבָּמ֑וֹת ה֗וּא בָּנָ֛ה אֶת־שַׁ֥עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה הָעֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | However, the idolatrous raised sites were not removed. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense on the idolatrous raised sites. He built the upper gate to the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 27:2, 2 Chr 27:3.
were not removed: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 2 Ki 15:36 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יוֹתָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the exploits of Jotham which he undertook, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? |
|| 2 Chr 27:7.
which: many manuscripts (see [BHS-CA]), and AV, but not [WLC], read and everything that. So AV differs. |
| 2 Ki 15:37 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הֵחֵ֣ל יְהוָ֗ה לְהַשְׁלִ֙יחַ֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה רְצִ֖ין מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וְאֵ֖ת פֶּ֥קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָֽהוּ׃ | In those days the Lord started sending Rezin king of Aramaea, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, against Judah. | |
| 2 Ki 15:38 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יוֹתָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵר֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָחָ֥ז בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Jotham lay with his fathers, and with his fathers he was buried, in the City of David his father, and Ahaz his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:13, 2 Chr 27:9.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose; compare 2 Ki 8:24. |
| 2 Ki 16:1 | בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁבַֽע־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לְפֶ֖קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֑הוּ מָלַ֛ךְ אָחָ֥ז בֶּן־יוֹתָ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah, Ahaz the son of Jotham started to reign as the king of Judah. | |
| 2 Ki 16:2 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ אָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה הַיָּשָׁ֗ר בְּעֵינֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֖יו כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ | Ahaz was twenty years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. But he did not do what was right in the eyes of the Lord his God like David his father. | || 2 Chr 28:1. |
| 2 Ki 16:3 | וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְגַ֤ם אֶת־בְּנוֹ֙ הֶעֱבִ֣יר בָּאֵ֔שׁ כְּתֹֽעֲבוֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹרִ֤ישׁ יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and he made even his own son pass over fire, like the abominations of the Gentiles whom the Lord dispossessed before the sons of Israel. | || 2 Chr 28:2, 2 Chr 28:3. |
| 2 Ki 16:4 | וַיְזַבֵּ֧חַ וַיְקַטֵּ֛ר בַּבָּמ֖וֹת וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֑וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃ | And he sacrificed and burned incense on the idolatrous raised sites and on the hills and under every luxuriant tree. | || 2 Chr 28:4. |
| 2 Ki 16:5 | אָ֣ז יַעֲלֶ֣ה רְצִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲ֠רָם וּפֶ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֧הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיָּצֻ֙רוּ֙ עַל־אָחָ֔ז וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ לְהִלָּחֵֽם׃ | Then Rezin king of Aramaea and Pekah the son of Remaliah, the king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war, and they besieged Ahaz, but they could not do battle. | |
| 2 Ki 16:6 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא הֵ֠שִׁיב רְצִ֨ין מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֤ם אֶת־אֵילַת֙ לַֽאֲרָ֔ם וַיְנַשֵּׁ֥ל אֶת־הַיְהוּדִ֖ים מֵֽאֵיל֑וֹת *וארמים **וַֽאֲדוֹמִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ אֵילַ֔ת וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | At that time Rezin king of Aramaea restored Elath to Aramaea, and he drove the Jews out of Eloth, and {K: Aramaeans} [Q: Edomites] came to Elath and lived there, as they do up to this day. |
Jews: the first occurrence in the Bible of this word. The cognate word Judah (or Judaea, as the place) is mentioned in 1 Ki 22:2.
Eloth: AV differs, aligning it with Elath. The two are equated in [LHG]. We maintain the distinction. |
| 2 Ki 16:7 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אָחָ֜ז מַלְאָכִ֗ים אֶל־תִּ֠גְלַת פְּלֶ֤סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עַבְדְּךָ֥ וּבִנְךָ֖ אָ֑נִי עֲלֵ֨ה וְהוֹשִׁעֵ֜נִי מִכַּ֣ף מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֗ם וּמִכַּף֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַקּוֹמִ֖ים עָלָֽי׃ | And Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria and said, “I am your servant and your son. Come up and save me from the grip of the king of Aramaea, and from the grip of the king of Israel, who are rising up against me.” |
|| 2 Chr 28:16.
Pileser ← Peleser here; elsewhere in 2 Kings Pileser. See also 2 Ki 15:29. grip (2x) ← palm. |
| 2 Ki 16:8 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח אָחָ֜ז אֶת־הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֗ב הַנִּמְצָא֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וּבְאֹֽצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח לְמֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר שֹֽׁחַד׃ | And Ahaz took the silver and the gold which were present in the house of the Lord and in the treasuries of the king's house, and he sent a bribe to the king of Assyria. | || 2 Chr 28:21. |
| 2 Ki 16:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֵלָיו֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּעַל֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ אַשּׁ֤וּר אֶל־דַּמֶּ֙שֶׂק֙ וַֽיִּתְפְּשֶׂ֔הָ וַיַּגְלֶ֖הָ קִ֑ירָה וְאֶת־רְצִ֖ין הֵמִֽית׃ | And the king of Assyria heeded him, and the king of Assyria went up to Damascus and took possession of it, and he exiled the population to Kir, and he killed Rezin. |
king of Assyria ... king of Assyria: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. Similarly some other verses in this chapter.
heeded ← heard. |
| 2 Ki 16:10 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָחָ֡ז לִ֠קְרַאת תִּגְלַ֨ת פִּלְאֶ֤סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ דּוּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּדַמָּ֑שֶׂק וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אָחָ֜ז אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֶת־דְּמ֧וּת הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ וְאֶת־תַּבְנִית֖וֹ לְכָֽל־מַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ | Then King Ahaz went to meet Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria in Damascus, and he saw the altar which was in Damascus, and King Ahaz sent Uriah the priest a drawing of the altar and its design in all its detail. |
Uriah: AV= Urijah here (and for the priest generally), but it is the same spelling as for Uriah the Hittite (2 Sam 11:3).
drawing ← likeness. detail ← workmanship. |
| 2 Ki 16:11 | וַיִּ֛בֶן אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַח֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אָחָ֜ז מִדַּמֶּ֗שֶׂק כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַד־בּ֥וֹא הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־אָחָ֖ז מִדַּמָּֽשֶׂק׃ | And Uriah the priest built the altar. According to everything that King Ahaz had sent from Damascus, so Uriah the priest made it, ready for when King Ahaz would come from Damascus. |
Uriah (2x): AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10.
ready for when King Ahaz would come ← up to the coming of King Ahaz. The sentence structure of this verse follows Masoretic tradition. We have a full stop at the atnach. Compare Num 9:5. |
| 2 Ki 16:12 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מִדַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וַיַּ֥רְא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּקְרַ֥ב הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וַיַּ֥עַל עָלָֽיו׃ | And when the king came back from Damascus, the king saw the altar, and the king went up to the altar and made a burnt offering on it. | went up to: the verb could be re-pointed to hiphil (וַיַּקְרֵב) so as to read and offered on. |
| 2 Ki 16:13 | וַיַּקְטֵ֤ר אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־מִנְחָת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֖ךְ אֶת־נִסְכּ֑וֹ וַיִּזְרֹ֛ק אֶת־דַּֽם־הַשְּׁלָמִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And he made his burnt offering and his meal-offering, and he poured out his libation, and he sprinkled the blood of his peace-offerings on the altar. | made ← burnt. |
| 2 Ki 16:14 | וְאֵ֨ת הַמִּזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּחֹשֶׁת֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּקְרֵ֗ב מֵאֵת֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת מִבֵּין֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וּמִבֵּ֖ין בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹת֛וֹ עַל־יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ צָפֽוֹנָה׃ | And he brought the copper altar which is before the Lord from the front of the house between the altar and the house of the Lord, and he put it to the side of the altar to the north. | side ← thigh. |
| 2 Ki 16:15 | *ויצוהו **וַיְצַוֶּ֣ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־אָ֠חָז אֶת־אוּרִיָּ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן לֵאמֹ֗ר עַ֣ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֣חַ הַגָּד֡וֹל הַקְטֵ֣ר אֶת־עֹֽלַת־הַבֹּקֶר֩ וְאֶת־מִנְחַ֨ת הָעֶ֜רֶב וְֽאֶת־עֹלַ֧ת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ וְאֶת־מִנְחָת֗וֹ וְ֠אֵת עֹלַ֞ת כָּל־עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם וְכָל־דַּ֥ם עֹלָ֛ה וְכָל־דַּם־זֶ֖בַח עָלָ֣יו תִּזְרֹ֑ק וּמִזְבַּ֧ח הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֖י לְבַקֵּֽר׃ | And King Ahaz {K: commanded him – Uriah the priest – } [Q: commanded Uriah the priest] and said, “Burn the morning burnt offering and the evening meal-offering and the king's burnt offering, and his meal-offering, and the burnt offering for all the people of the land, and their meal-offering, and their libations, on the big altar, and sprinkle all the blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice on it. And the copper altar will be for me to consider.” |
Uriah (2x): AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10.
consider: as [AnLx]. [CB]= consider further (what shall be done with it). |
| 2 Ki 16:16 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֑ן כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אָחָֽז׃ | And Uriah the priest acted according to everything that King Ahaz commanded him. | Uriah: AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10. |
| 2 Ki 16:17 | וַיְקַצֵּץ֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אָחָ֜ז אֶת־הַמִּסְגְּר֣וֹת הַמְּכֹנ֗וֹת וַיָּ֤סַר מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶם֙ *ואת־**אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֔ר וְאֶת־הַיָּ֣ם הוֹרִ֔ד מֵעַ֛ל הַבָּקָ֥ר הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל מַרְצֶ֥פֶת אֲבָנִֽים׃ | And King Ahaz cut the borders of the bases off {K: and removed them from them, and he took down both the laver and} [Q: and removed the laver from them, and he took down] the artificial sea from the copper oxen which were under it, and he put it on the stone paving. | AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| 2 Ki 16:18 | וְאֶת־*מיסך **מוּסַ֨ךְ הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת אֲשֶׁר־בָּנ֣וּ בַבַּ֗יִת וְאֶת־מְב֤וֹא הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַֽחִיצ֔וֹנָה הֵסֵ֖ב בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה מִפְּנֵ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | And he altered the veranda for the Sabbath, which they had built adjoining the house and the king's outer entrance to go to the house of the Lord on account of the king of Assyria. |
veranda: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
altered ... to go ← made turn. adjoining ← in / at. |
| 2 Ki 16:19 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י אָחָ֖ז אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the exploits of Ahaz which he undertook, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 28:26. |
| 2 Ki 16:20 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב אָחָז֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ חִזְקִיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Ahaz lay with his fathers, and with his fathers he was buried, in the City of David. And Hezekiah his son reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Chr 3:13, 2 Chr 28:27.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose; compare 2 Ki 8:24. Hezekiah ← Hizkiahu. Also Hizkiah as in 2 Ki 18:1. But we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 17:1 | בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לְאָחָ֖ז מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ הוֹשֵׁ֨עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֧ה בְשֹׁמְר֛וֹן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תֵּ֥שַׁע שָׁנִֽים׃ | In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah started to reign over Israel in Samaria, and he did so for nine years. | Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. |
| 2 Ki 17:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה רַ֗ק לֹ֚א כְּמַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, but not like the kings of Israel who were before him. | |
| 2 Ki 17:3 | עָלָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ עֶ֔בֶד וַיָּ֥שֶׁב ל֖וֹ מִנְחָֽה׃ | Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant, and he brought him a gift. | Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. |
| 2 Ki 17:4 | וַיִּמְצָא֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֨וּר בְּהוֹשֵׁ֜עַ קֶ֗שֶׁר אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכִים֙ אֶל־ס֣וֹא מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְלֹא־הֶעֱלָ֥ה מִנְחָ֛ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר כְּשָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֑ה וַֽיַּעַצְרֵ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֖הוּ בֵּ֥ית כֶּֽלֶא׃ | And the king of Assyria discovered a conspiracy by Hoshea, because he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and he had not brought a present up to the king of Assyria, as was the custom year by year, so the king of Assyria detained him and bound him in prison. |
discovered ← found.
Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. because he had sent: or when he sent. |
| 2 Ki 17:5 | וַיַּ֥עַל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר בְּכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיַּ֙עַל֙ שֹׁמְר֔וֹן וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶ֖יהָ שָׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ | Then the king of Assyria went up throughout all the land, and he went up to Samaria and besieged it for three years. | |
| 2 Ki 17:6 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְהוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לָכַ֤ד מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיֶּ֥גֶל אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַשּׁ֑וּרָה וַיֹּ֨שֶׁב אֹתָ֜ם בַּחְלַ֧ח וּבְחָב֛וֹר נְהַ֥ר גּוֹזָ֖ן וְעָרֵ֥י מָדָֽי׃ פ | In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and deported Israel to Assyria, and he relocated them in Halah and in Habor by the River Gozan and the cities of Media. |
Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30.
relocated ← made dwell. Halah: or Helah. Media: i.e. the land of the Medes, the Median ↴ |
| 2 Ki 17:7 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־חָטְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם הַמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִתַּ֕חַת יַ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And it came to pass that the sons of Israel sinned against the Lord their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt – from being under the control of Pharaoh king of Egypt – and they had feared other gods, |
↳ empire. Not the same as Midian.
under the control ← under the hand. |
| 2 Ki 17:8 | וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקּ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃ | and they had walked in the statutes of the nations which the Lord had dispossessed before the sons of Israel, and the statutes of the kings of Israel which they had instituted. | |
| 2 Ki 17:9 | וַיְחַפְּא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל דְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־כֵ֔ן עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּבְנ֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם בָּמוֹת֙ בְּכָל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל נוֹצְרִ֖ים עַד־עִ֥יר מִבְצָֽר׃ | And the sons of Israel did things secretly, things which were dishonest, against the Lord their God, and they built themselves idolatrous raised sites in all their cities, from the watchman's tower to the fortified city. | |
| 2 Ki 17:10 | וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ לָהֶ֛ם מַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃ | And they set up idolatrous images and phallic parks on every high hill and under every luxuriant tree. | |
| 2 Ki 17:11 | וַיְקַטְּרוּ־שָׁם֙ בְּכָל־בָּמ֔וֹת כַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ דְּבָרִ֣ים רָעִ֔ים לְהַכְעִ֖יס אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | And they burned incense there on all the idolatrous raised sites, like the Gentiles, whom the Lord had driven into exile at their advance, and they did evil things, so that they provoked the Lord to anger. |
at their advance ← before them, spatially, not temporally.
so that they provoked: consecutive (result), rather than purposive, use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 17:12 | וַיַּֽעַבְד֖וּ הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they served idols concerning which the Lord had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.” | |
| 2 Ki 17:13 | וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־*נביאו **נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֝֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ | And the Lord testified to Israel and to Judah through the intermediacy of {K: every prophet of his – every seer – } [Q: all the prophets of every seer,] and said, “Come back from your evil ways and keep my commandments and my statutes according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent you through the intermediacy of my servants the prophets.” | intermediacy (2x) ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 17:14 | וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | But they did not heed it, but they stiffened their necks like the necks of their fathers who did not believe in the Lord their God. |
heed ← hear.
necks ... necks ← neck ... neck. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| 2 Ki 17:15 | וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃ | And they rejected his statutes and his covenant which he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them, and they went after idolatry, and they became idolatrous, and they went after the Gentiles who were around them, concerning whom the Lord had commanded them not to act like them. | made ← cut. |
| 2 Ki 17:16 | וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה *שנים **שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃ | And they forsook all the commandments of the Lord their God, and they made themselves cast imagery – two calves. And they made a phallic park, and they worshipped every celestial body, and they served Baal. |
two: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
body ← power. |
| 2 Ki 17:17 | וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃ | And they made their sons and their daughters pass through fire, and they made divinations, and they used enchantment, and they gave themselves over to do evil in the sight of the Lord, so that they provoked him to anger. |
made ← divined.
so that they provoked: consecutive (result), rather than purposive, use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 17:18 | וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף יְהוָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְסִרֵ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord became very irate with Israel, and he removed them from his presence. None remained except the tribe of Judah alone. | presence ← face. |
| 2 Ki 17:19 | גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃ | But neither did Judah keep the commandments of the Lord their God, and they walked in the statutes of Israel which they had instituted. | |
| 2 Ki 17:20 | וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | And the Lord rejected all the seed of Israel, and he afflicted them, and he delivered them into the hand of plunderers, until he had banished them from his presence. |
rejected: i.e. for a while.
presence ← face. |
| 2 Ki 17:21 | כִּֽי־קָרַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵעַל֙ בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֔ד וַיַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֶת־יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט *וידא **וַיַּדַּ֨ח יָרָבְעָ֤ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְהֶחֱטֵיאָ֖ם חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | For he had torn Israel away from the house of David, and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king, and Jeroboam {K: directed Israel away} [Q: drove Israel away] from following the Lord, and he caused them to commit a great sin. |
directed (ketiv) ← pointed (with the hand). See יָדָה in [MJ], but also נָדָא in [AnLx].
following ← behind. commit ← sin. |
| 2 Ki 17:22 | וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּכָל־חַטֹּ֥אות יָרָבְעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה לֹא־סָ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | And the sons of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he committed, and they did not depart from it, |
committed ← sinned.
it: perhaps a generic reference to the walking. |
| 2 Ki 17:23 | עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־הֵסִ֨יר יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד כָּל־עֲבָדָ֣יו הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים וַיִּ֨גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתוֹ֙ אַשּׁ֔וּרָה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | to such an extent that the Lord removed Israel from his presence, as he had said through the intermediacy of all his servants the prophets, and Israel was deported from its land to Assyria, as it is up to this day. |
to such an extent ← up to.
presence ← face. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 17:24 | וַיָּבֵ֣א מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֡וּר מִבָּבֶ֡ל וּ֠מִכּוּ֠תָה וּמֵעַוָּ֤א וּמֵֽחֲמָת֙ וּסְפַרְוַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן תַּ֖חַת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּֽרְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בְּעָרֶֽיהָ׃ | And the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon and from Cuthah and from Ava and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and he relocated them in the cities of Samaria instead of the sons of Israel, and they took possession of Samaria and lived in its cities. |
Ava ← Avva, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
relocated ← made dwell. |
| 2 Ki 17:25 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּתְחִלַּת֙ שִׁבְתָּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָרְא֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה בָּהֶם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲרָי֔וֹת וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ הֹרְגִ֖ים בָּהֶֽם׃ | And it came to pass, at the start of when they lived there, that they did not fear the Lord, and the Lord sent lions against them which would kill them. | lions ← the lions. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 17:26 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁוּר֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִגְלִ֙יתָ֙ וַתּ֙וֹשֶׁב֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְר֔וֹן לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֣ם אֶת־הָאֲרָי֗וֹת וְהִנָּם֙ מְמִיתִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ אֵינָ֣ם יֹדְעִ֔ים אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then they spoke to the king of Assyria and said, “The Gentiles whom you have deported and relocated in the cities of Samaria do not know the custom of the God of the land, and he has sent lions against them, and there they are killing them, because they do not know the custom of the God of the land.” |
relocated ← made dwell.
custom (2x): or judgment. there they are ← behold them. |
| 2 Ki 17:27 | וַיְצַ֨ו מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֜וּר לֵאמֹ֗ר הֹלִ֤יכוּ שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶחָ֤ד מֵהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִגְלִיתֶ֣ם מִשָּׁ֔ם וְיֵלְכ֖וּ וְיֵ֣שְׁבוּ שָׁ֑ם וְיֹרֵ֕ם אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then the king of Assyria gave a command and said, “Take one of the priests there, whom you deported from there, and let them go and live there, and let him teach them the custom of the God of the land.” |
take ← lead.
them: presumably the priest and his family. He may have taught them to fear the Lord, but apart from that he was probably idolatrous (see rest of chapter). custom: see 2 Ki 17:26. |
| 2 Ki 17:28 | וַיָּבֹ֞א אֶחָ֣ד מֵהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִגְלוּ֙ מִשֹּׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֑ל וַֽיְהִי֙ מוֹרֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם אֵ֖יךְ יִֽירְא֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | So one of the priests whom they had deported from Samaria came and stayed in Beth-El, and he would teach them how they should fear the Lord. | stayed ← sat, dwelt. |
| 2 Ki 17:29 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ עֹשִׂ֔ים גּ֥וֹי גּ֖וֹי אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיַּנִּ֣יחוּ ׀ בְּבֵ֣ית הַבָּמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרֹנִ֔ים גּ֥וֹי גּוֹי֙ בְּעָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים שָֽׁם׃ | But each nation would make its own gods and place them in the house on the idolatrous raised sites which the Samaritans had made. Each nation would do this in their cities where they were living. | house on ← house of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 17:30 | וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י בָבֶ֗ל עָשׂוּ֙ אֶת־סֻכּ֣וֹת בְּנ֔וֹת וְאַנְשֵׁי־כ֔וּת עָשׂ֖וּ אֶת־נֵֽרְגַ֑ל וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י חֲמָ֖ת עָשׂ֥וּ אֶת־אֲשִׁימָֽא׃ | And the men from Babylon made Succoth-Benoth, and the men from Cuth made Nergal, and the men from Hamath made Ashima. | men from (3x) ← men of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 17:31 | וְהָעַוִּ֛ים עָשׂ֥וּ נִבְחַ֖ז וְאֶת־תַּרְתָּ֑ק וְהַסְפַרְוִ֗ים שֹׂרְפִ֤ים אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ לְאַדְרַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וַֽעֲנַמֶּ֖לֶךְ *אלה **אֱלֹהֵ֥י *ספרים **סְפַרְוָֽיִם׃ | And the Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their sons in fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech {K: the god} [Q: the gods] of the {Q: Sepharvaim} [K: Sepharim]. | |
| 2 Ki 17:32 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ יְרֵאִ֖ים אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם מִקְצוֹתָם֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י בָמ֔וֹת וַיִּהְי֛וּ עֹשִׂ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית הַבָּמֽוֹת׃ | But they feared the Lord, yet they made themselves priests of the idolatrous raised sites from their common people, and they officiated for them in the house on the idolatrous raised sites. |
common people: see 1 Ki 12:31.
officiated ← did. house on ← house of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 17:33 | אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה הָי֣וּ יְרֵאִ֑ים וְאֶת־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙ הָי֣וּ עֹֽבְדִ֔ים כְּמִשְׁפַּט֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִגְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִשָּֽׁם׃ | They feared the Lord, yet they served their own gods in the manner of the nations from where the Assyrians had deported them. | |
| 2 Ki 17:34 | עַ֣ד הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ הֵ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים כַּמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים אֵינָ֤ם יְרֵאִים֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְאֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֗ים כְּחֻקֹּתָם֙ וּכְמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם וְכַתּוֹרָ֣ה וְכַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם שְׁמ֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Up to this day they have been acting according to their original customs. They do not fear the Lord and they do not act according to their statutes and according to their customs, or according to the law, or according to the commandment which the Lord commanded the sons of Jacob to whom he gave the name Israel. |
they (3x): i.e. the Israelites. The context is clear in the verses following.
original ← first. customs: see 2 Ki 17:26. the name ← his name. |
| 2 Ki 17:35 | וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה אִתָּם֙ בְּרִ֔ית וַיְצַוֵּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תִֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְלֹא־תִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א תַעַבְד֔וּם וְלֹ֥א תִזְבְּח֖וּ לָהֶֽם׃ | For the Lord had made a covenant with them and commanded them and said, “You shall not fear other gods, and you shall not worship them, and you shall not serve them, and you shall not sacrifice to them, | for: causal use of the vav. |
| 2 Ki 17:36 | כִּ֣י אִֽם־אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֩ הֶעֱלָ֨ה אֶתְכֶ֜ם מֵאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּכֹ֧חַ גָּד֛וֹל וּבִזְר֥וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֖ה אֹת֣וֹ תִירָ֑אוּ וְל֥וֹ תִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ וְל֥וֹ תִזְבָּֽחוּ׃ | but rather it is the Lord who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, with great power and with an outstretched arm, whom you shall fear, and it is him whom you shall worship, and it is to him that you shall sacrifice. | him: or, if the reader prefers, he. |
| 2 Ki 17:37 | וְאֶת־הַחֻקִּ֨ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֜ים וְהַתּוֹרָ֤ה וְהַמִּצְוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּתַ֣ב לָכֶ֔ם תִּשְׁמְר֥וּן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כָּל־הַיָּמִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א תִֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And it is the statutes and the principles and the law and the body of commandments which he wrote for you which you shall keep by observing them every day, and you shall not fear other gods. |
principles ← judgments.
observing ← doing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. every day ← all the days. |
| 2 Ki 17:38 | וְהַבְּרִ֛ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥תִּי אִתְּכֶ֖ם לֹ֣א תִשְׁכָּ֑חוּ וְלֹ֥א תִֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And you shall not forget the covenant which I made with you, and you shall not fear other gods, | |
| 2 Ki 17:39 | כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּירָ֑אוּ וְהוּא֙ יַצִּ֣יל אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ | but rather it is the Lord your God whom you shall fear, and he will deliver you from the grip of all your enemies.” | grip ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 17:40 | וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ כִּ֛י אִֽם־כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֥ם הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן הֵ֥ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | But they did not heed it, but rather acted according to their former customs. |
heed ← hear.
customs: see 2 Ki 17:26. |
| 2 Ki 17:41 | וַיִּהְי֣וּ ׀ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה יְרֵאִים֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־פְּסִֽילֵיהֶ֖ם הָי֣וּ עֹֽבְדִ֑ים גַּם־בְּנֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ וּבְנֵ֣י בְנֵיהֶ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֤וּ אֲבֹתָם֙ הֵ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And these nations feared the Lord, but they served their carved images, as did both their sons and their grandsons. They acted as their fathers did, and do so up to this day. | |
| 2 Ki 18:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁלֹ֔שׁ לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מָלַ֛ךְ חִזְקִיָּ֥ה בֶן־אָחָ֖ז מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And it was in the third year of Hoshea the son of Elah, the king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz started to reign as the king of Judah. | Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. |
| 2 Ki 18:2 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ אֲבִ֖י בַּת־זְכַרְיָֽה׃ | He was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Abi the daughter of Zechariah. |
|| 2 Chr 29:1.
Zechariah: see 2 Ki 14:29. |
| 2 Ki 18:3 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, like everything that David his father did. |
|| 2 Chr 29:2.
father: standing for forefather. |
| 2 Ki 18:4 | ה֣וּא ׀ הֵסִ֣יר אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּבֹ֔ת וְכָרַ֖ת אֶת־הָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וְכִתַּת֩ נְחַ֨שׁ הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֗ה כִּ֣י עַד־הַיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ הָי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מְקַטְּרִ֣ים ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרָא־ל֖וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן׃ | He removed the idolatrous raised sites, and he smashed up the standing images, and he cut down the phallic park, and he crushed the copper serpent which Moses had made, for up to those days the sons of Israel had been burning incense to it, and he called it the Copper Serpent. | Copper Serpent: AV differs, transliterating the Hebrew, Nehushtan, a word combining the words for copper and serpent, which are themselves similar to each other, and an ending which perhaps personalizes or deifies it. |
| 2 Ki 18:5 | בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּטָ֑ח וְאַחֲרָ֞יו לֹא־הָיָ֣ה כָמֹ֗הוּ בְּכֹל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ | He trusted in the Lord God of Israel, and there was no-one after him like him among all the kings of Judah, nor among those who were before him. | |
| 2 Ki 18:6 | וַיִּדְבַּק֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה לֹא־סָ֖ר מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁמֹר֙ מִצְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And he clung to the Lord; he did not turn away from him, and he kept his commandments which the Lord had commanded Moses. | turn away from ← depart from after. |
| 2 Ki 18:7 | וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵ֖א יַשְׂכִּ֑יל וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד בְּמֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord was with him. In whatever he set out to do, he was prudent, and he rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him. | |
| 2 Ki 18:8 | הֽוּא־הִכָּ֧ה אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים עַד־עַזָּ֖ה וְאֶת־גְּבוּלֶ֑יהָ מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל נוֹצְרִ֖ים עַד־עִ֥יר מִבְצָֽר׃ פ | He attacked the Philistines as far as Gaza and its territories, from the watchmen's tower to the fortified city. | territories ← borders. |
| 2 Ki 18:9 | וַֽיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הָֽרְבִיעִית֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ הִ֚יא הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בֶּן־אֵלָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָלָ֞ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֧סֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֛וּר עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And it came to pass in the fourth year of King Hezekiah – that is the seventh year of Hoshea the son of Elah, the king of Israel – that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria and besieged it. | Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. |
| 2 Ki 18:10 | וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻ֗הָ מִקְצֵה֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים בִּשְׁנַת־שֵׁ֖שׁ לְחִזְקִיָּ֑ה הִ֣יא שְׁנַת־תֵּ֗שַׁע לְהוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִלְכְּדָ֖ה שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And they captured it after three years. In the sixth year of Hezekiah – that is the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel – Samaria was captured. |
after ← at the end of.
Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30. |
| 2 Ki 18:11 | וַיֶּ֧גֶל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֛וּר אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַשּׁ֑וּרָה וַיַּנְחֵ֞ם בַּחְלַ֧ח וּבְחָב֛וֹר נְהַ֥ר גּוֹזָ֖ן וְעָרֵ֥י מָדָֽי׃ | And the king of Assyria deported Israel to Assyria, and he conducted them to Halah and Habor by the River Gozan and in the cities of Media, |
Halah: or Helah.
Media: see 2 Ki 17:6. |
| 2 Ki 18:12 | עַ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִית֔וֹ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ וְלֹ֥א עָשֽׂוּ׃ פ | because they did not give heed to the Lord their God, and they transgressed his covenant – everything that Moses the Lord's servant commanded – and did not give heed and did not do it. |
did not give heed to ← hear the voice of.
give heed (both occurrences in verse) ← hear. |
| 2 Ki 18:13 | וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ | Then in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria went up against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them. |
|| Isa 36:1, 2 Chr 32:1.
Sennacherib ← Sanherib, but he is also known from non-biblical sources, e.g. Taylor's Prism in the British Library, written in Akkadian cuneiform. We retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 18:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִזְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֣ה אֶל־מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֩ ׀ לָכִ֨ישָׁה ׀ לֵאמֹ֤ר ׀ חָטָ֙אתִי֙ שׁ֣וּב מֵֽעָלַ֔י אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלַ֖י אֶשָּׂ֑א וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֜וּר עַל־חִזְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ כִּכַּר־כֶּ֔סֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים כִּכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃ | And Hezekiah king of Judah sent a messenger to the king of Assyria in Lachish to say, “I have been wrong. Leave me; I will bear whatever you impose on me.” And the king of Assyria imposed on Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold. |
in Lachish ← to Lachish.
leave me ← return from on me. talents (2x): see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Ki 18:15 | וַיִּתֵּן֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔ה אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּמְצָ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֑ה וּבְאֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Hezekiah gave all the silver which was present in the house of the Lord and in the treasuries of the king's house. | present ← found. |
| 2 Ki 18:16 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא קִצַּ֨ץ חִזְקִיָּ֜ה אֶת־דַּלְת֨וֹת הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ וְאֶת־הָאֹ֣מְנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִפָּ֔ה חִזְקִיָּ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ פ | At that time Hezekiah stripped the doors of the Lord's temple and the lintels which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and he gave the proceeds to the king of Assyria. | the proceeds ← them. |
| 2 Ki 18:17 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֡וּר אֶת־תַּרְתָּ֥ן וְאֶת־רַב־סָרִ֣יס ׀ וְאֶת־רַב־שָׁקֵ֨ה מִן־לָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ בְּחֵ֥יל כָּבֵ֖ד יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּעֲל֣וּ וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ בִּתְעָלַת֙ הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הָֽעֶלְיוֹנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֕ר בִּמְסִלַּ֖ת שְׂדֵ֥ה כוֹבֵֽס׃ | And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and the chief eunuch and the chief butler from Lachish to King Hezekiah with a sizeable army to Jerusalem, and they went up and arrived in Jerusalem, and when they had gone up and arrived, they stood at the conduit at the upper pool, which is at the aqueduct to the washer's site. |
|| Isa 36:2, 2 Chr 32:9.
chief butler: AV differs, regarding the words as a name, Rab-shakeh. He had more responsibilities than just for wine. sizeable army ← heavy force. conduit at ← conduit of. aqueduct to ← raised way of. washer's: perhaps fuller's. |
| 2 Ki 18:18 | וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם אֶלְיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְשֶׁבְנָה֙ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְיוֹאָ֥ח בֶּן־אָסָ֖ף הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ | And they called out to the king, and Eliakim, Hilkiah's son, who was in charge of the house, came out to them, as did Shebna the scribe and Joah the son of Asaph, the state secretary. | || Isa 36:3. |
| 2 Ki 18:19 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה אִמְרוּ־נָ֖א אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר מָ֧ה הַבִּטָּח֛וֹן הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּטָֽחְתָּ׃ | And the chief butler said to them, “Kindly say to Hezekiah, ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: «What is this object of trust in which you trust? |
|| Isa 36:4.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 18:20 | אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אַךְ־דְּבַר־שְׂפָתַ֔יִם עֵצָ֥ה וּגְבוּרָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ עַל־מִ֣י בָטַ֔חְתָּ כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְתָּ בִּֽי׃ | You have said – but it is vain talk – ‹I have counsel and wherewithal for war.› Now in whom have you trusted? For you have rebelled against me. |
|| Isa 36:5, 2 Chr 32:10.
vain talk ← word of the lips. |
| 2 Ki 18:21 | עַתָּ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה בָטַ֣חְתָּ לְּךָ֡ עַל־מִשְׁעֶנֶת֩ הַקָּנֶ֨ה הָרָצ֤וּץ הַזֶּה֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִסָּמֵ֥ךְ אִישׁ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבָ֥א בְכַפּ֖וֹ וּנְקָבָ֑הּ כֵּ֚ן פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְכָֽל־הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃ | Now look, you have put your trust in this buckled reed staff – in Egypt – and if a man leans on it, it slips into his hand and pierces it. Such is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who trust in him. |
|| Isa 36:6.
buckled reed staff: compare Isa 42:3, quoted in Matt 12:20. slips ← goes. |
| 2 Ki 18:22 | וְכִי־תֹאמְר֣וּן אֵלַ֔י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ בָּטָ֑חְנוּ הֲלוֹא־ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵסִ֤יר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־בָּמֹתָ֣יו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֔יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִפְנֵי֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֣חַ הַזֶּ֔ה תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And if you say to me, ‹We trust in the Lord our God›, is that not he whose raised sites and whose altars Hezekiah removed, when he said to Judah and to Jerusalem, ‹It is before this altar that you will worship in Jerusalem›?» ’ | || Isa 36:7, 2 Chr 32:12. |
| 2 Ki 18:23 | וְעַתָּה֙ הִתְעָ֣רֶב נָ֔א אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לְךָ֙ אַלְפַּ֣יִם סוּסִ֔ים אִם־תּוּכַ֕ל לָ֥תֶת לְךָ֖ רֹכְבִ֥ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | So now, please enter into a contract with my lord the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses if you are able to provide yourself with riders on them. | || Isa 36:8. |
| 2 Ki 18:24 | וְאֵ֣יךְ תָּשִׁ֗יב אֵ֠ת פְּנֵ֨י פַחַ֥ת אַחַ֛ד עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הַקְּטַנִּ֑ים וַתִּבְטַ֤ח לְךָ֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְרֶ֖כֶב וּלְפָרָשִֽׁים׃ | And how can you decline the offer of a governor among the least of my lord's servants and entrust yourself to Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? |
|| Isa 36:9.
decline the offer ← repulse the face. a governor among ← a governor of one of. |
| 2 Ki 18:25 | עַתָּה֙ הֲמִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָלִ֛יתִי עַל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהַשְׁחִת֑וֹ יְהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י עֲלֵ֛ה עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְהַשְׁחִיתָֽהּ׃ | Now did I come up without the Lord against this place, to bring it to ruin? The Lord said to me, ‘Go up against this land and bring it to ruin.’ ” | || Isa 36:10. |
| 2 Ki 18:26 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִ֠לְקִיָּהוּ וְשֶׁבְנָ֨ה וְיוֹאָ֜ח אֶל־רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה דַּבֶּר־נָ֤א אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲרָמִ֔ית כִּ֥י שֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַל־תְּדַבֵּ֤ר עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ יְהוּדִ֔ית בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַחֹמָֽה׃ | Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah and Shebna and Joah said to the chief butler, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it, and do not speak to us in Judaean, it being intelligible to the people who are on the wall.” |
|| Isa 36:11, 2 Chr 32:18.
understand ← hear. intelligible to ← in the ears of. on the wall: or at the wall. |
| 2 Ki 18:27 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַעַ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת *חריהם **צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־*שיניהם **מימֵ֥י **רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | Then the chief butler said to them, “Is it to your master and to you that my lord has sent me to speak these words? Is it not to the people sitting on the wall, in that they will have to eat their excrement and drink their urine with you?” |
their excrement ... their urine: the qeré uses more polite words than the ketiv, but the meaning is the same.
|| Isa 36:12. on the wall: or at the wall. |
| 2 Ki 18:28 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א בְקוֹל־גָּד֖וֹל יְהוּדִ֑ית וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר וַיֹּ֔אמֶר שִׁמְע֛וּ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הַגָּד֖וֹל מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | Then the chief butler stood up and called out in a loud voice in Judaean, and he spoke and said, “Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria. | || Isa 36:13. |
| 2 Ki 18:29 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אַל־יַשִּׁ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי־לֹ֣א יוּכַ֔ל לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | This is what the king says: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you from Sennacherib's grip. |
|| Isa 36:14, 2 Chr 32:15.
this is what ← thus. grip ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 18:30 | וְאַל־יַבְטַ֨ח אֶתְכֶ֤ם חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר הַצֵּ֥ל יַצִּילֵ֖נוּ יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ אֶת־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את בְּיַ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | And do not let Hezekiah persuade you to trust in the Lord, saying, «The Lord will certainly deliver us, and this city will not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.» ’ |
|| Isa 36:15, 2 Chr 32:15.
certainly deliver: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Ki 18:31 | אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֗וּר עֲשֽׂוּ־אִתִּ֤י בְרָכָה֙ וּצְא֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאִכְל֤וּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ וּשְׁת֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽי־בוֹרֽוֹ׃ | Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: ‘Make things a blessing in partnership with me, and come out to me, then let each man eat from his vine, and each man from his fig tree, and let each man drink water from his cistern, |
|| Isa 36:16.
this is what ← thus. water from ← water of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 18:32 | עַד־בֹּאִי֩ וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֜ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּאַרְצְכֶ֗ם אֶרֶץ֩ דָּגָ֨ן וְתִיר֜וֹשׁ אֶ֧רֶץ לֶ֣חֶם וּכְרָמִ֗ים אֶ֣רֶץ זֵ֤ית יִצְהָר֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ וִֽחְי֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֑תוּ וְאַֽל־תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ כִּֽי־יַסִּ֤ית אֶתְכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֖ה יַצִּילֵֽנוּ׃ | until I come to take you to a land like your own land – a land of corn and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, and a land of fresh olive oil and honey – and live and do not die, and do not listen to Hezekiah, for he will entice you, saying, «The Lord will deliver us.» | || Isa 36:17, Isa 36:18. |
| 2 Ki 18:33 | הַהַצֵּ֥ל הִצִּ֛ילוּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ מִיַּ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | Have the gods of the nations ever delivered anyone's land from the grip of the king of Assyria? |
|| Isa 36:18.
ever delivered: infinitive absolute. anyone's land ← a man his land. |
| 2 Ki 18:34 | אַיֵּה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י חֲמָ֜ת וְאַרְפָּ֗ד אַיֵּ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י סְפַרְוַ֖יִם הֵנַ֣ע וְעִוָּ֑ה כִּֽי־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena and Ivvah? Now have they delivered Samaria from my grip? |
|| Isa 36:19, 2 Chr 32:14.
Ivvah: AV= Ivah, not recognizing the dagesh in the vav. grip ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 18:35 | מִ֚י בְּכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֖ם מִיָּדִ֑י כִּי־יַצִּ֧יל יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Who are there among all the gods of the various countries who have delivered their country from my grip? So will the Lord deliver Jerusalem from my grip?’ ” |
|| Isa 36:20.
grip (2x) ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 18:36 | וְהֶחֱרִ֣ישׁוּ הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־עָנ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ דָּבָ֑ר כִּי־מִצְוַ֨ת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הִ֛יא לֵאמֹ֖ר לֹ֥א תַעֲנֻֽהוּ׃ | And the people became silent and did not answer him a word, for the king's commandment was, “Do not answer him.” |
|| Isa 36:21.
was ← (was) to say, but acting as a direct speech marker. |
| 2 Ki 18:37 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַ֠בַּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א הַסֹּפֵ֜ר וְיוֹאָ֨ח בֶּן־אָסָ֧ף הַמַּזְכִּ֛יר אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ קְרוּעֵ֣י בְגָדִ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ דִּבְרֵ֖י רַב־שָׁקֵֽה׃ | Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the state secretary, went to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and they told him the chief butler's words. | || Isa 36:22. |
| 2 Ki 19:1 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when King Hezekiah heard it, that he tore his clothes and covered himself in sackcloth, and he went to the house of the Lord. | || Isa 37:1. |
| 2 Ki 19:2 | וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֨ים אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַבַּ֜יִת וְשֶׁבְנָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֗ר וְאֵת֙ זִקְנֵ֣י הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים מִתְכַּסִּ֖ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֑ים אֶל־יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃ | And he sent Eliakim, who was in charge of the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests – having covered themselves in sackcloth – to Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz. | || Isa 37:2. |
| 2 Ki 19:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ יוֹם־צָרָ֧ה וְתוֹכֵחָ֛ה וּנְאָצָ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י בָ֤אוּ בָנִים֙ עַד־מַשְׁבֵּ֔ר וְכֹ֥חַ אַ֖יִן לְלֵדָֽה׃ | And they said to him, “This is what Hezekiah says: ‘This day is a day of anguish and chastening and indignity, for the sons have arrived at the stage of breaking out of the womb, but there isn't the strength to give birth. |
|| Isa 37:3.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 19:4 | אוּלַ֡י יִשְׁמַע֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֩ שְׁלָח֨וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֤וּר ׀ אֲדֹנָיו֙ לְחָרֵף֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַ֔י וְהוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖ע יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְנָשָׂ֣אתָ תְפִלָּ֔ה בְּעַ֥ד הַשְּׁאֵרִ֖ית הַנִּמְצָאָֽה׃ | Perhaps the Lord your God will have heard all the words of the chief butler, whom the king of Assyria, his master, sent to defy the living God, and he will condemn the words which the Lord your God has heard, so you will take up a prayer for the remnant which is found.’ ” |
you will take up: unexpectedly pointed as non-conversive (with recessive accent).
|| Isa 37:4. defy ← scorn [AnLx], or revile [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 19:5 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ עַבְדֵ֛י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֶל־יְשַֽׁעַיָֽהוּ׃ | And when King Hezekiah's servants came to Isaiah, | || Isa 37:5. |
| 2 Ki 19:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֖וּן אֶל־אֲדֹֽנֵיכֶ֑ם כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־תִּירָא֙ מִפְּנֵ֤י הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר גִּדְּפ֛וּ נַעֲרֵ֥י מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר אֹתִֽי׃ | Isaiah said to them, “This is what you will say to your master: ‘This is what the Lord says: «Do not be afraid of the words which you have heard, because the servants of the king of Assyria have vilified me. |
|| Isa 37:6.
this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 19:7 | הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן בּוֹ֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב לְאַרְצ֑וֹ וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | I am about to put in him a certain spirit, and he will hear a rumour, and he will return to his country, and I will bring him down by the sword in his own country.» ’ ” |
|| Isa 37:7.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| 2 Ki 19:8 | וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּמְצָא֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר נִלְחָ֖ם עַל־לִבְנָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י נָסַ֖ע מִלָּכִֽישׁ׃ | Then the chief butler returned and found the king of Assyria at war with Libnah, for he had heard that he had moved from Lachish. |
|| Isa 37:8.
he had moved: he = Sennacherib, who had abandoned the siege of Lachish. See [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 19:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע אֶל־תִּרְהָ֤קָה מֶֽלֶך־כּוּשׁ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֥ה יָצָ֖א לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם אִתָּ֑ךְ וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And when he heard about Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, when informants said, “Look, he has gone out to wage war with you”, he sent messengers again to Hezekiah to say, | || Isa 37:9. |
| 2 Ki 19:10 | כֹּ֣ה תֹאמְר֗וּן אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־יַשִּׁאֲךָ֣ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בֹּטֵ֥חַ בּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | “This is what you will say to Hezekiah king of Judah. Say, ‘Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, when he says, «Jerusalem will not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.» |
|| Isa 37:10.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 19:11 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר לְכָל־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת לְהַֽחֲרִימָ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּנָּצֵֽל׃ | Look, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries, in obliterating them. So will you be delivered? |
|| Isa 37:11, 2 Chr 32:17.
in obliterating them: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 19:12 | הַהִצִּ֨ילוּ אֹתָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁחֲת֣וּ אֲבוֹתַ֔י אֶת־גּוֹזָ֖ן וְאֶת־חָרָ֑ן וְרֶ֥צֶף וּבְנֵי־עֶ֖דֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּתְלַאשָּֽׂר׃ | Have the gods of the nations delivered them – nations which my fathers brought to ruin: Gozan and Haran and Rezeph and the sons of Eden who were in Telassar? |
|| Isa 37:12.
Telassar: AV= Thelasar here. |
| 2 Ki 19:13 | אַיּ֤וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם הֵנַ֖ע וְעִוָּֽה׃ | Where is the king of Hamath or the king of Arpad or the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena or Ivvah?’ ” |
|| Isa 37:13.
or (3x): disjunctive use of the vav. Ivvah: AV= Ivah, not recognizing the dagesh in the vav. |
| 2 Ki 19:14 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח חִזְקִיָּ֧הוּ אֶת־הַסְּפָרִ֛ים מִיַּ֥ד הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים וַיִּקְרָאֵ֑ם וַיַּ֙עַל֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּפְרְשֵׂ֥הוּ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Hezekiah took the communiqué from the hand of the messengers and read it, and he went up to the house of the Lord, and Hezekiah spread it before the Lord. |
|| Isa 37:14.
communiqué ... it ... it ← writings / books ... them ... it. We take it as a single document. |
| 2 Ki 19:15 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל חִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Hezekiah prayed before the Lord and said, “O Lord God of Israel, you who dwell between the cherubim, you alone are the God of all the kingdoms of the earth. You made heaven and the earth. | || Isa 37:15, Isa 37:16, 2 Chr 32:20. |
| 2 Ki 19:16 | הַטֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אָזְנְךָ֙ וּֽשֲׁמָ֔ע פְּקַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה עֵינֶ֖יךָ וּרְאֵ֑ה וּשְׁמַ֗ע אֵ֚ת דִּבְרֵ֣י סַנְחֵרִ֔יב אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁלָח֔וֹ לְחָרֵ֖ף אֱלֹהִ֥ים חָֽי׃ | Incline, O Lord, your ear and hear; open, O Lord, your eyes and see, and hear the words of Sennacherib who sent him to defy the living God. |
|| Isa 37:17.
him: or it. defy ← scorn [AnLx], or revile [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 19:17 | אָמְנָ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם וְאֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃ | Indeed, O Lord, the kings of Assyria have laid the nations and their land waste, | || Isa 37:18. |
| 2 Ki 19:18 | וְנָתְנ֥וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֣י אִם־מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה יְדֵֽי־אָדָ֛ם עֵ֥ץ וָאֶ֖בֶן וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם׃ | and they have put their gods in a fire – although they are not gods, but the product of man's hands, wood and stone – and they have destroyed them. |
|| Isa 37:19, 2 Chr 32:19.
a fire ← the fire. |
| 2 Ki 19:19 | וְעַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוֹשִׁיעֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א מִיָּד֑וֹ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ ס | So now, O Lord our God, please save us from his grip, so that all the kingdoms of the earth will know that you are the Lord God, and only you.” |
|| Isa 37:20.
grip ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 19:20 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמ֔וֹץ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִתְפַּלַּ֧לְתָּ אֵלַ֛י אֶל־סַנְחֵרִ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ | Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent word to Hezekiah as follows: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I have heard what you have prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria.’ |
|| Isa 37:21.
as follows ← to say. this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 19:21 | זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
These are the words which the Lord spoke concerning him:
‘The virgin daughter of Zion despises you, Derides you; The daughter of Jerusalem Shakes her head at you. |
|| Isa 37:22.
these are the words ← this is the word. virgin ← virgin of the. at you ← after you. |
| 2 Ki 19:22 | אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימ֣וֹתָ קּ֑וֹל וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָר֛וֹם עֵינֶ֖יךָ עַל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Whom have you defied and vilified, And against whom have you raised your voice? Well, you have lifted your eyes haughtily Against the holy one of Israel. |
|| Isa 37:23.
well: wider use of the vav, introducing an answer to a rhetorical question. haughtily ← height. |
| 2 Ki 19:23 | בְּיַ֣ד מַלְאָכֶיךָ֮ חֵרַ֣פְתָּ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר *ברכב **בְּרֹ֥ב רִכְבִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י עָלִ֛יתִי מְר֥וֹם הָרִ֖ים יַרְכְּתֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן וְאֶכְרֹ֞ת קוֹמַ֤ת אֲרָזָיו֙ מִבְח֣וֹר בְּרֹשָׁ֔יו וְאָב֙וֹאָה֙ מְל֣וֹן קִצֹּ֔ה יַ֖עַר כַּרְמִלּֽוֹ׃ |
Through your messengers you have defied the Lord* And said, «By {K: the chariots} [Q: numerical weight] of my chariot fleet I have ascended to the heights of mountains In the remote parts of Lebanon, And I will cut down the tallest of its cedars And the choice of its cypresses, And I will come to its remotest abode In its Carmel forest. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| Isa 37:24. through ← by the hand of. chariots ← chariot. Collective usage. tallest ← height. remotest abode ← abode of its end. |
| 2 Ki 19:24 | אֲנִ֣י קַ֔רְתִּי וְשָׁתִ֖יתִי מַ֣יִם זָרִ֑ים וְאַחְרִב֙ בְּכַף־פְּעָמַ֔י כֹּ֖ל יְאֹרֵ֥י מָצֽוֹר׃ |
I have dug wells and drunk foreign water, And by my expeditions I have caused all the channels to places under siege To dry up.» |
|| Isa 37:25.
expeditions ← the sole of my steps. The infix “ped” = foot. to places ← of places. |
| 2 Ki 19:25 | הֲלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי לְמִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִֽיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵיאתִ֗יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לַהְשׁ֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ |
Have you not heard from long ago That I made this? – That in ancient days, I formed it? I have brought it about now, And it is so that you should reduce fortified cities To desolate heaps of stones. |
|| Isa 37:26.
this ← it. |
| 2 Ki 19:26 | וְיֹֽשְׁבֵיהֶן֙ קִצְרֵי־יָ֔ד חַ֖תּוּ וַיֵּבֹ֑שׁוּ הָי֞וּ עֵ֤שֶׂב שָׂדֶה֙ וִ֣ירַק דֶּ֔שֶׁא חֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֔וֹת וּשְׁדֵפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י קָמָֽה׃ |
And their inhabitants were powerless. They were afraid and were put to shame; They were wild vegetation and grassy verdure – Wild grass on rooftops, And blight on standing corn. |
|| Isa 37:27.
powerless ← short of hand. wild vegetation ← vegetation of the field / countryside. grassy verdure ← greenery of grass. on standing corn ← in the presence of standing (corn). |
| 2 Ki 19:27 | וְשִׁבְתְּךָ֛ וְצֵאתְךָ֥ וּבֹאֲךָ֖ יָדָ֑עְתִּי וְאֵ֖ת הִֽתְרַגֶּזְךָ֥ אֵלָֽי׃ |
Now I have known your way of life And your coming and going, And your rage against me. |
|| Isa 37:28.
way of life ← sitting, dwelling. coming and going ← going out and coming in. |
| 2 Ki 19:28 | יַ֚עַן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ֣ אֵלַ֔י וְשַׁאֲנַנְךָ֖ עָלָ֣ה בְאָזְנָ֑י וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י חַחִ֜י בְּאַפֶּ֗ךָ וּמִתְגִּי֙ בִּשְׂפָתֶ֔יךָ וַהֲשִׁ֣בֹתִ֔יךָ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אתָ בָּֽהּ׃ |
Because your rage against me and your wantonness Have come up to my ears, I will put my hook in your nose And my bridle in your lips, And I will turn you back to the road By which you came.’ |
|| Isa 37:29. |
| 2 Ki 19:29 | וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת אָכ֤וֹל הַשָּׁנָה֙ סָפִ֔יחַ וּבַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית סָחִ֑ישׁ וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗ית זִרְע֧וּ וְקִצְר֛וּ וְנִטְע֥וּ כְרָמִ֖ים וְאִכְל֥וּ פִרְיָֽם׃ |
‘And this will be a sign to you: This year you will eat the produce of spilt grain, And in the second year the produce of self-sown grain, But in the third year, Sow and reap and plant vineyards, And eat their fruit. |
|| Isa 37:30.
and this: the addressee changes from Sennacherib to Judah. you will eat: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| 2 Ki 19:30 | וְיָ֨סְפָ֜ה פְּלֵיטַ֧ת בֵּית־יְהוּדָ֛ה הַנִּשְׁאָרָ֖ה שֹׁ֣רֶשׁ לְמָ֑טָּה וְעָשָׂ֥ה פְרִ֖י לְמָֽעְלָה׃ |
And the remnant of the house of Judah which remains Will again strike root downward And yield fruit upward. |
|| Isa 37:31. |
| 2 Ki 19:31 | כִּ֤י מִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ תֵּצֵ֣א שְׁאֵרִ֔ית וּפְלֵיטָ֖ה מֵהַ֣ר צִיּ֑וֹן קִנְאַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה **צְבָא֖וֹת תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־זֹּֽאת׃ ס |
For the remainder will go out from Jerusalem, As will a remnant from Mount Zion. The zeal of the Lord {K: - } [Q: of hosts] Will perform this.’ |
The qeré is read by many manuscripts and LXX, Vulgate etc. (see [BHS-CA]) and Isa 37:32. But we choose the ketiv where it makes sense.
|| Isa 37:32. |
| 2 Ki 19:32 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לֹ֤א יָבֹא֙ אֶל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹֽא־יוֹרֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם חֵ֑ץ וְלֹֽא־יְקַדְּמֶ֣נָּה מָגֵ֔ן וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ עָלֶ֖יהָ סֹלְלָֽה׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning the king of Assyria:
‘He shall not come to this city, And he shall not shoot an arrow there, And he shall not advance on it with a shield, And he shall not raise an earthwork against it. |
|| Isa 37:33.
this is what ← thus. he shall not advance on it with a shield: or no shield shall advance on it. |
| 2 Ki 19:33 | בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֖א בָּ֣הּ יָשׁ֑וּב וְאֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את לֹ֥א יָבֹ֖א נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
He will return by the road on which he comes, And he shall not come to the city, Says the Lord, |
|| Isa 37:34. |
| 2 Ki 19:34 | וְגַנּוֹתִ֛י אֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את לְהֽוֹשִׁיעָ֑הּ לְמַֽעֲנִ֔י וּלְמַ֖עַן דָּוִ֥ד עַבְדִּֽי׃ |
And I will defend this city, So as to save it, For my own sake And for the sake of David my servant.’ ” |
|| Isa 37:35. |
| 2 Ki 19:35 | וַיְהִי֮ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַהוּא֒ וַיֵּצֵ֣א ׀ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה וַיַּךְ֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה אַשּׁ֔וּר מֵאָ֛ה שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אָ֑לֶף וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֥ה כֻלָּ֖ם פְּגָרִ֥ים מֵתִֽים׃ | And it came to pass on that night that the angel of the Lord went out and struck down one hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrians' camp, and when people arose in the morning, they saw that they were all dead – corpses. |
|| Isa 37:36, 2 Chr 32:21.
they saw that ← behold. dead – corpses: MT pointing conjoins (dead corpses). |
| 2 Ki 19:36 | וַיִּסַּ֣ע וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖שָׁב סַנְחֵרִ֣יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּנִֽינְוֵֽה׃ | So Sennacherib king of Assyria moved off and departed, and he returned and stayed in Nineveh. | || Isa 37:37, 2 Chr 32:21. |
| 2 Ki 19:37 | וַיְהִי֩ ה֨וּא מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֜ה בֵּ֣ית ׀ נִסְרֹ֣ךְ אֱלֹהָ֗יו וְֽאַדְרַמֶּ֨לֶךְ וְשַׂרְאֶ֤צֶר **בָּנָיו֙ הִכֻּ֣הוּ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְהֵ֥מָּה נִמְלְט֖וּ אֶ֣רֶץ אֲרָרָ֑ט וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֵֽסַר־חַדֹּ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And it came to pass, while he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sarezer {K: - } [Q: his sons] struck him down with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place. |
|| Isa 37:38.
Sarezer: AV= Sharezer. Esarhaddon: hyphenated in the Hebrew, Esar-Haddon. |
| 2 Ki 20:1 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם חָלָ֥ה חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לָמ֑וּת וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵ֠לָיו יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אָמ֜וֹץ הַנָּבִ֗יא וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ צַ֣ו לְבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י מֵ֥ת אַתָּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill, and Isaiah the son of Amoz, the prophet, came to him and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Give your last orders to your household, for you are going to die, and you will not live.’ ” |
|| Isa 38:1, 2 Chr 32:24.
mortally ← to die. this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 20:2 | וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו אֶל־הַקִּ֑יר וַיִּ֨תְפַּלֵּ֔ל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then he turned his face to the wall and prayed to the Lord and said, | || Isa 38:2, 2 Chr 32:24. |
| 2 Ki 20:3 | אָנָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה זְכָר־נָ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לְפָנֶ֗יךָ בֶּֽאֱמֶת֙ וּבְלֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם וְהַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עָשִׂ֑יתִי וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל׃ ס | “I implore you, O Lord, do remember how I have walked before you in truth, and with a sincere heart, and how I have done what is right in your sight.” And Hezekiah wept with great weeping. |
|| Isa 38:3.
remember how ← remember that. sincere ← whole, perfect. right ← good. |
| 2 Ki 20:4 | וַיְהִ֣י יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ לֹ֣א יָצָ֔א *העיר **חָצֵ֖ר הַתִּֽיכֹנָ֑ה וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הָיָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass when Isaiah had not yet gone out of the {K: city centre} [Q: middle courtyard] that the word of the Lord came to him as follows: |
|| Isa 38:4.
came ← became. as follows ← to say. |
| 2 Ki 20:5 | שׁ֣וּב וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ נְגִיד־עַמִּ֗י כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יךָ שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָ רָאִ֖יתִי אֶת־דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ הִנְנִי֙ רֹ֣פֶא לָ֔ךְ בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י תַּעֲלֶ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | “Go back and say to Hezekiah the leader of my people, ‘This is what the Lord God of David your father says: «I have heard your prayer; I have seen your tears. I am about to cure you. On the third day, go up to the house of the Lord. |
|| Isa 38:5.
this is what ← thus. father: standing for forefather. tears ← tear. I am about to ← behold me. |
| 2 Ki 20:6 | וְהֹסַפְתִּ֣י עַל־יָמֶ֗יךָ חֲמֵ֤שׁ עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּמִכַּ֤ף מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ אַצִּ֣ילְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְגַנּוֹתִי֙ עַל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את לְמַֽעֲנִ֔י וּלְמַ֖עַן דָּוִ֥ד עַבְדִּֽי׃ | And I will add fifteen years to your days, and I will deliver you and this city from the grip of the king of Assyria, and I will defend this city, for my own sake and for the sake of David my servant.» ’ ” |
|| Isa 38:5, Isa 38:6.
grip ← palm. |
| 2 Ki 20:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ קְח֖וּ דְּבֶ֣לֶת תְּאֵנִ֑ים וַיִּקְח֛וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עַֽל־הַשְּׁחִ֖ין וַיֶּֽחִי׃ | And Isaiah said, “Take a cake of pressed figs.” And they took one, and they put it on the inflammation, and he recovered. |
|| Isa 38:21.
take: plural. recovered ← lived. |
| 2 Ki 20:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶֽל־יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ מָ֣ה א֔וֹת כִּֽי־יִרְפָּ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לִ֑י וְעָלִ֛יתִי בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “What is the sign that the Lord will cure me, and that I will go up to the house of the Lord on the third day?” | || Isa 38:22. |
| 2 Ki 20:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְשַׁעְיָ֗הוּ זֶה־לְּךָ֤ הָאוֹת֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֚י יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר הָלַ֤ךְ הַצֵּל֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַֽעֲל֔וֹת אִם־יָשׁ֖וּב עֶ֥שֶׂר מַעֲלֽוֹת׃ | And Isaiah said, “This is your sign from the Lord, for the Lord will perform the pronouncement which he spoke. Shall the sundial shadow go forwards ten degrees or go back ten degrees?” | || Isa 38:7, 2 Chr 32:24. |
| 2 Ki 20:10 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ נָקֵ֣ל לַצֵּ֔ל לִנְט֖וֹת עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת לֹ֣א כִ֔י יָשׁ֥וּב הַצֵּ֛ל אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֥שֶׂר מַעֲלֽוֹת׃ | And Hezekiah said, “It is easy for the shadow to advance ten degrees, but not that the shadow should go back ten degrees.” |
|| Isa 38:8.
advance ← decline, as of the day. go back ← return backwards. |
| 2 Ki 20:11 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א יְשַׁעְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֶת־הַצֵּ֗ל בַּֽ֠מַּעֲלוֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרְדָ֜ה בְּמַעֲל֥וֹת אָחָ֛ז אֲחֹֽרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֥שֶׂר מַעֲלֽוֹת׃ פ | Then Isaiah the prophet called out to the Lord. And he made the shadow of the sundial go back, the shadow which was cast by Ahaz's sundial – ten degrees backwards. |
|| Isa 38:8.
was cast by ← went down on. |
| 2 Ki 20:12 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֡יא שָׁלַ֡ח בְּרֹאדַ֣ךְ בַּ֠לְאֲדָן בֶּֽן־בַּלְאֲדָ֧ן מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל סְפָרִ֥ים וּמִנְחָ֖ה אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י חָלָ֖ה חִזְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ | At that time Berodach-Baladan the son of Baladan, the king of Babylon, sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah, because he had heard that Hezekiah had become ill. | || Isa 39:1. 2 Chr 32:25 - 2 Chr 32:31 also describes the same period, but with insufficient commonality to be considered parallel on a verse by verse basis. See [RBG]. |
| 2 Ki 20:13 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע עֲלֵיהֶם֮ חִזְקִיָּהוּ֒ וַיַּרְאֵ֣ם אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית נְכֹתֹ֡ה אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף֩ וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֨ב וְאֶת־הַבְּשָׂמִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַטּ֗וֹב וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִמְצָ֖א בְּאֽוֹצְרֹתָ֑יו לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הֶרְאָ֧ם חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ וּבְכָל־מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ | And Hezekiah attended to them and showed them all his spice house, the silver and the gold and the fragrances, and the good quality oil, and his armoury, and everything that was present in his treasuries. There was nothing that Hezekiah did not show them in his house and in all his realm. |
|| Isa 39:2.
attended to ← heard, heeded. spice: AV differs (precious things). present ← found. realm ← rule. |
| 2 Ki 20:14 | וַיָּבֹא֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו מָ֥ה אָמְר֣וּ ׀ הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וּמֵאַ֙יִן֙ יָבֹ֣אוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ מֵאֶ֧רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֛ה בָּ֖אוּ מִבָּבֶֽל׃ | Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah and said to him, “What did these men say, and where have they come to you from?” And Hezekiah said, “They have come from a distant land, from Babylon.” | || Isa 39:3. |
| 2 Ki 20:15 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֥ה רָא֖וּ בְּבֵיתֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּבֵיתִי֙ רָא֔וּ לֹא־הָיָ֥ה דָבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הִרְאִיתִ֖ם בְּאֹצְרֹתָֽי׃ | And he said, “What did they see in your house?” And Hezekiah said, “They saw everything in my house. There is nothing which I didn't show them in my treasuries.” | || Isa 39:4. |
| 2 Ki 20:16 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the Lord. | || Isa 39:5. |
| 2 Ki 20:17 | הִנֵּה֮ יָמִ֣ים בָּאִים֒ וְנִשָּׂ֣א ׀ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵיתֶ֗ךָ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר אָצְר֧וּ אֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה בָּבֶ֑לָה לֹֽא־יִוָּתֵ֥ר דָּבָ֖ר אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | ‘Behold, the days are coming when everything in your house, and which your fathers have treasured up, up to this day, will be carried away to Babylon. Nothing will remain, says the Lord, | || Isa 39:6. |
| 2 Ki 20:18 | וּמִבָּנֶ֜יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵצְא֧וּ מִמְּךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹלִ֖יד *יקח **יִקָּ֑חוּ וְהָיוּ֙ סָֽרִיסִ֔ים בְּהֵיכַ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | and {K: he} [Q: they] will take away some of your sons who will descend from you, whom you will beget, and they will be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.’ ” |
|| Isa 39:7.
descend from you ← come out of you. |
| 2 Ki 20:19 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶֽל־יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ ט֥וֹב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲל֛וֹא אִם־שָׁל֥וֹם וֶאֱמֶ֖ת יִהְיֶ֥ה בְיָמָֽי׃ | Then Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the Lord which you have spoken is right.” And he said, “Isn't that the case, if there will be peace and truth in my days?” |
|| Isa 39:8.
right ← good. |
| 2 Ki 20:20 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ וְכָל־גְּב֣וּרָת֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אֶת־הַבְּרֵכָה֙ וְאֶת־הַתְּעָלָ֔ה וַיָּבֵ֥א אֶת־הַמַּ֖יִם הָעִ֑ירָה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Hezekiah, and all his bravery, and the fact that he made the pool and the conduit and brought water to the city, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? |
|| 2 Chr 32:32.
water ← the water. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 20:21 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Hezekiah lay with his fathers, and Manasseh his son reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Chr 3:13, 2 Chr 32:33.
Manasseh: see Gen 41:51. |
| 2 Ki 21:1 | בֶּן־שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֥ם אִמּ֖וֹ חֶפְצִי־בָֽהּ׃ | Manasseh was twelve years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for fifty-five years. And his mother's name was Hephzi-Bah. | || 2 Chr 33:1. |
| 2 Ki 21:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּתֽוֹעֲבֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like the abominations of the nations which the Lord dispossessed before the sons of Israel. | || 2 Chr 33:2. |
| 2 Ki 21:3 | וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃ | And he rebuilt the idolatrous raised sites which Hezekiah his father had destroyed, and he set up altars to Baal, and he made a phallic park like what Ahab king of Israel had made, and he worshipped every celestial body and served them. |
|| 2 Chr 33:3.
body ← power. |
| 2 Ki 21:4 | וּבָנָ֥ה מִזְבְּחֹ֖ת בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִֽי׃ | And he built altars in the house of the Lord, where the Lord had said, “I will establish my name in Jerusalem.” | || 2 Chr 33:4. |
| 2 Ki 21:5 | וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בִּשְׁתֵּ֖י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | And he built altars to every celestial body in the two courtyards of the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 33:5.
body ← power. |
| 2 Ki 21:6 | וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אֶת־בְּנוֹ֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְעוֹנֵ֣ן וְנִחֵ֔שׁ וְעָ֥שָׂה א֖וֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִ֑ים הִרְבָּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִֽיס׃ | And he made his son pass through fire, and he divined by clouds and used enchantment, and he engaged in necromancy and wizardry. He was profuse in doing evil in the sight of the Lord, so that he provoked him to anger. |
|| 2 Chr 33:6.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. so that he provoked: consecutive (result), rather than purposive, use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 21:7 | וַיָּ֕שֶׂם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל הָאֲשֵׁרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה בַּבַּ֗יִת אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִד֙ וְאֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֔וֹ בַּבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | And he set up the phallic carved image which he had made, in the house concerning which the Lord had said to David and to Solomon his son, “I will set up my name age-abidingly in this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel. |
|| 2 Chr 33:7.
phallic carved image ← image of the phallic park. |
| 2 Ki 21:8 | וְלֹ֣א אֹסִ֗יף לְהָנִיד֙ רֶ֣גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לַֽאֲבוֹתָ֑ם רַ֣ק ׀ אִם־יִשְׁמְר֣וּ לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ים וּלְכָל־הַ֨תּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם עַבְדִּ֥י מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And I will not chase Israel around again from the land which I gave their fathers, but only if they take care to do everything which I have commanded them, and to act in accordance with all the law which my servant Moses commanded them.” |
|| 2 Chr 33:8.
chase Israel around ← make the foot of Israel wander. everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Ki 21:9 | וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּתְעֵ֤ם מְנַשֶּׁה֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֶת־הָרָ֔ע מִן־הַ֨גּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הִשְׁמִ֣יד יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But they did not take heed, and Manasseh led them astray, to act worse than the nations which the Lord had destroyed before the sons of Israel. |
|| 2 Chr 33:9.
take heed ← hear. |
| 2 Ki 21:10 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke through the intermediacy of his servants the prophets and said, |
|| 2 Chr 33:10.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 21:11 | יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ הַתֹּעֵב֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה הֵרַ֕ע מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּחֲטִ֥א גַֽם־אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּגִלּוּלָֽיו׃ פ | “Since Manasseh king of Judah has committed these abominations and has done more evil than everything the Amorites did before him, and also caused Judah to sin through his idols, | Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| 2 Ki 21:12 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִי֙ מֵבִ֣יא רָעָ֔ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּל־*שמעיו **שֹׁ֣מְעָ֔הּ תִּצַּ֖לְנָה שְׁתֵּ֥י אָזְנָֽיו׃ | this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I am about to bring evil on Jerusalem and Judah, such that the two ears of {K: all who hear it} [Q: everyone who hears it] will tingle. |
The ketiv is a plural participle with a masculine suffix; the qeré is a singular participle with a feminine suffix (the more usual generalising form).
this is what ← therefore thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| 2 Ki 21:13 | וְנָטִ֣יתִי עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֵ֚ת קָ֣ו שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וְאֶת־מִשְׁקֹ֖לֶת בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וּמָחִ֨יתִי אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־יִמְחֶ֤ה אֶת־הַצַּלַּ֙חַת֙ מָחָ֔ה וְהָפַ֖ךְ עַל־פָּנֶֽיהָ׃ | And I will stretch the measuring line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab over Jerusalem, and I will wipe Jerusalem out as one wipes a dish – one wipes it and turns it upside down. | a dish ← the dish. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Ki 21:14 | וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֗י אֵ֚ת שְׁאֵרִ֣ית נַחֲלָתִ֔י וּנְתַתִּ֖ים בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָי֥וּ לְבַ֛ז וְלִמְשִׁסָּ֖ה לְכָל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I will abandon the remainder of my inheritance, and I will deliver them into the hand of their enemies, and they will be spoil and plunder to all their enemies, | |
| 2 Ki 21:15 | יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֤וּ אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י וַיִּהְי֥וּ מַכְעִסִ֖ים אֹתִ֑י מִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֤וּ אֲבוֹתָם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וְעַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | because they have done evil in my sight, and they have been provoking me to anger, from the day when their fathers came out of Egypt up to this day.’ ” | |
| 2 Ki 21:16 | וְגַם֩ דָּ֨ם נָקִ֜י שָׁפַ֤ךְ מְנַשֶּׁה֙ הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־מִלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם פֶּ֣ה לָפֶ֑ה לְבַ֤ד מֵֽחַטָּאתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Manasseh also shed very much innocent blood, until he had filled Jerusalem from one end to the other, apart from his sin whereby he caused Judah to sin by doing evil in the sight of the Lord. |
shed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
from one end to the other ← mouth to mouth. by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Ki 21:17 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֤י מְנַשֶּׁה֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Manasseh, and everything he did, and his sin which he committed, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? |
|| 2 Chr 33:18.
committed ← sinned. |
| 2 Ki 21:18 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מְנַשֶּׁה֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּגַן־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּגַן־עֻזָּ֑א וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָמ֥וֹן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Manasseh lay with his fathers, and he was buried in the garden of his house, in the garden of Uzza, and Amon his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:14, 2 Chr 33:20.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. |
| 2 Ki 21:19 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וּשְׁתַּ֤יִם שָׁנָה֙ אָמ֣וֹן בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁתַּ֣יִם שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ מְשֻׁלֶּ֥מֶת בַּת־חָר֖וּץ מִן־יָטְבָֽה׃ | Amon was twenty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for two years in Jerusalem, and his mother's name was Meshullemeth the daughter of Haruz from Jotbah. |
|| 2 Chr 33:21.
Jotbah: perhaps Jatebah (no dagesh in the beth, so an open first syllable), but no secondary stress on the first syllable either, so perhaps closed. We retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 21:20 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like what his father Manasseh did. | || 2 Chr 33:22. |
| 2 Ki 21:21 | וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣ךְ אָבִ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֗ד אֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָבַ֣ד אָבִ֔יו וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לָהֶֽם׃ | And he walked in the whole way in which his father walked, and he served the idols which his father had served, and he worshipped them. | || 2 Chr 33:22. |
| 2 Ki 21:22 | וַיַּעֲזֹ֕ב אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א הָלַ֖ךְ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ יְהוָֽה׃ | And he abandoned the Lord God of his fathers, and he did not walk in the way of the Lord. | || 2 Chr 33:23. |
| 2 Ki 21:23 | וַיִּקְשְׁר֥וּ עַבְדֵֽי־אָמ֖וֹן עָלָ֑יו וַיָּמִ֥יתוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And Amon's servants conspired against him, and they killed the king in his home. | || 2 Chr 33:24. |
| 2 Ki 21:24 | וַיַּךְ֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקֹּשְׁרִ֖ים עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָמ֑וֹן וַיַּמְלִ֧יכוּ עַם־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֶת־יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | Then the people of the land struck down all the conspirators against King Amon, and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his place. |
|| 1 Chr 3:14, 2 Chr 33:25.
Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 21:25 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י אָמ֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the exploits of Amon which he undertook, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | |
| 2 Ki 21:26 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ר אֹת֛וֹ בִּקְבֻרָת֖וֹ בְּגַן־עֻזָּ֑א וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And they buried him in his grave in the garden of Uzza, and Josiah his son reigned in his place. |
they ← one, he. Impersonal use, avoiding the passive.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. |
| 2 Ki 22:1 | בֶּן־שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְדִידָ֥ה בַת־עֲדָ֖יָה מִבָּצְקַֽת׃ | Josiah was eight years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah from Bozkath. |
|| 2 Chr 34:1.
Bozkath: AV= Boscath, devoicing the sibilant and rendering qoph as if kaph. |
| 2 Ki 22:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּכָל־דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יו וְלֹא־סָ֖ר יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ פ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, and he walked in every way of David his father, and he did not deviate to the right or left. | || 2 Chr 34:2. |
| 2 Ki 22:3 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ שָׁלַ֣ח הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־שָׁפָ֨ן בֶּן־אֲצַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־מְשֻׁלָּם֙ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass, in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, that the king sent Shaphan, the son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, the scribe, to the house of the Lord, and he said, | || 2 Chr 34:8. |
| 2 Ki 22:4 | עֲלֵ֗ה אֶל־חִלְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל וְיַתֵּ֣ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֔סֶף הַמּוּבָ֖א בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָסְפ֛וּ שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּ֖ף מֵאֵ֥ת הָעָֽם׃ | “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest and have him count the money which has been brought to the house of the Lord, which the doorkeepers have collected from the people. |
|| 2 Chr 34:9.
count ← complete. Perhaps, with [CB], pay out. doorkeepers ← threshold keepers. |
| 2 Ki 22:5 | *ויתנה **וְיִתְּנֻ֗הוּ עַל־יַד֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים *בבית **בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְיִתְּנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ לְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה לְחַזֵּ֖ק בֶּ֥דֶק הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And {Q: let them pay it} [K: let one pay it] to those doing the work – those charged {K: with the house} [Q: with the house] of the Lord – and let them give it to those doing the work on the house of the Lord, to repair the breach in the house |
|| 2 Chr 34:10.
pay ← give to the hand. repair ← strengthen. breach in ← breach of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 22:6 | לֶחָ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְלַבֹּנִ֖ים וְלַגֹּֽדְרִ֑ים וְלִקְנ֤וֹת עֵצִים֙ וְאַבְנֵ֣י מַחְצֵ֔ב לְחַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | – to the craftsmen and the builders and the wall-builders – and to buy wood and hewn stone, to refurbish the house. |
|| 2 Chr 34:11.
refurbish ← strengthen. |
| 2 Ki 22:7 | אַ֚ךְ לֹא־יֵחָשֵׁ֣ב אִתָּ֔ם הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּתָּ֣ן עַל־יָדָ֑ם כִּ֥י בֶאֱמוּנָ֖ה הֵ֥ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | But don't let the money which they are paid be a matter of them being held to account, because they are acting faithfully.” |
|| 2 Chr 34:12.
which they are paid ← which (is) given to their hand. |
| 2 Ki 22:8 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר חִלְקִיָּ֜הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֤ן הַגָּדוֹל֙ עַל־שָׁפָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֔ר סֵ֧פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֛ה מָצָ֖אתִי בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן חִלְקִיָּ֧ה אֶת־הַסֵּ֛פֶר אֶל־שָׁפָ֖ן וַיִּקְרָאֵֽהוּ׃ | And Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, “I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord.” And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it. | || 2 Chr 34:15. |
| 2 Ki 22:9 | וַיָּבֹ֞א שָׁפָ֤ן הַסֹּפֵר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָ֑ר וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִתִּ֤יכוּ עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א בַבַּ֔יִת וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֗הוּ עַל־יַד֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Shaphan the scribe went to the king and reported to the king and said, “Your servants have poured out the money which was present in the house, and they have paid it to those doing the work who were charged with the house of the Lord.” |
|| 2 Chr 34:16, 2 Chr 34:17.
reported ← returned word. present ← found. paid it to ← put it in the hand of. |
| 2 Ki 22:10 | וַיַּגֵּ֞ד שָׁפָ֤ן הַסֹּפֵר֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֔ר סֵ֚פֶר נָ֣תַן לִ֔י חִלְקִיָּ֖ה הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיִּקְרָאֵ֥הוּ שָׁפָ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Shaphan the scribe explained to the king and said, “Hilkiah the priest gave me a book.” And Shaphan read it in the king's presence. | || 2 Chr 34:18. |
| 2 Ki 22:11 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י סֵ֣פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the book of the law, that he tore his clothes. | || 2 Chr 34:19. |
| 2 Ki 22:12 | וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֡ן וְאֶת־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁ֠פָן וְאֶת־עַכְבּ֨וֹר בֶּן־מִיכָיָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שָׁפָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֗ר וְאֵ֛ת עֲשָׂיָ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the king gave orders to Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Micaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king's servant, and he said, |
|| 2 Chr 34:20.
Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah for this name. Asaiah: AV= Asahiah. |
| 2 Ki 22:13 | לְכוּ֩ דִרְשׁ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֜ה בַּעֲדִ֣י וּבְעַד־הָעָ֗ם וּבְעַד֙ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה עַל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַסֵּ֥פֶר הַנִּמְצָ֖א הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גְדוֹלָ֞ה חֲמַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ נִצְּתָ֣ה בָ֔נוּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֜וּ אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֥וּב עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | “Go and consult the Lord on behalf of me and on behalf of the people and on behalf of all Judah concerning the words of this book which was found, for the fury of the Lord which has been kindled against us is great, because our fathers did not heed the words of this book, that we should do everything written concerning us.” |
|| 2 Chr 34:21.
heed ← hear. everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Ki 22:14 | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַ֠כֹּהֵן וַאֲחִיקָ֨ם וְעַכְבּ֜וֹר וְשָׁפָ֣ן וַעֲשָׂיָ֗ה אֶל־חֻלְדָּ֨ה הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־תִּקְוָ֗ה בֶּן־חַרְחַס֙ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְהִ֛יא יֹשֶׁ֥בֶת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וַֽיְדַבְּר֖וּ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | So Hilkiah the priest and Ahikam and Achbor and Shaphan and Asaiah went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum, the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas the vestry keeper, and she was resident in Jerusalem in the second quarter, and they spoke to her. |
|| 2 Chr 34:22.
Asaiah: AV= Asahiah. |
| 2 Ki 22:15 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִמְר֣וּ לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | And she said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Say to the man who sent you to me, |
|| 2 Chr 34:23.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Ki 22:16 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה אֶל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְעַל־יֹֽשְׁבָ֑יו אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָרָ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | «This is what the Lord says: ‹I am about to bring evil on this place and on its inhabitants – all the words of the book which the king of Judah read – |
|| 2 Chr 34:24.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| 2 Ki 22:17 | תַּ֣חַת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וְנִצְּתָ֧ה חֲמָתִ֛י בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ | because they have forsaken me, and they have burned incense to other gods, so as to provoke me to anger with every work of their hands, and my fury has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguished.› » |
|| 2 Chr 34:25.
against this place: or in this place. |
| 2 Ki 22:18 | וְאֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה הַשֹּׁלֵ֤חַ אֶתְכֶם֙ לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלָ֑יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמָֽעְתָּ׃ | And to the king of Judah who sent you to consult the Lord, this is what you shall say: «This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‹As for the things which you have heard, |
|| 2 Chr 34:26.
this is what (2x) ← thus. say ← say to him. |
| 2 Ki 22:19 | יַ֠עַן רַךְ־לְבָ֨בְךָ֜ וַתִּכָּנַ֣ע ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֡ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּרְתִּי֩ עַל־הַמָּק֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה וְעַל־יֹשְׁבָ֗יו לִהְי֤וֹת לְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִקְלָלָ֔ה וַתִּקְרַע֙ אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֔יךָ וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ה לְפָנָ֑י וְגַ֧ם אָנֹכִ֛י שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | on account of your contrition and the fact that you have humbled yourself before the Lord, in that you have heard what I have spoken in relation to this place and in relation to its inhabitants, that it will be a desolation and a curse, and that you have torn your clothes and wept before me, so I for my part have heard you›, the Lord says, |
|| 2 Chr 34:27.
your contrition ← the soft of your heart. in that you have heard ← in your hearing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. for my part ← also. |
| 2 Ki 22:20 | לָכֵן֩ הִנְנִ֨י אֹֽסִפְךָ֜ עַל־אֲבֹתֶ֗יךָ וְנֶאֱסַפְתָּ֣ אֶל־קִבְרֹתֶיךָ֮ בְּשָׁלוֹם֒ וְלֹא־תִרְאֶ֣ינָה עֵינֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹל֙ הָֽרָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מֵבִ֖יא עַל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיָּשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָֽר׃ | ‹which is why I am about to gather you to your fathers, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace, and your eyes will not see all the evil which I am bringing on this place.› » ’ ” And they reported it to the king. |
|| 2 Chr 34:28.
I am about to ← behold me. grave ← graves. reported ← returned word. |
| 2 Ki 23:1 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּאַסְפ֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then the king sent word, and they assembled all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem before him. |
|| 2 Chr 34:29.
before ← to. |
| 2 Ki 23:2 | וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אִתּ֗וֹ וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the king went up to the house of the Lord, as did every man of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests and the prophets and all the people, both small and great, and he read, with them hearing, all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Chr 34:30.
both small and great ← from small and to great. Compare Gen 6:7. with them hearing ← in their ears. |
| 2 Ki 23:3 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַֽל־הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֣ית ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֜יו וְאֶת־עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָיו֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֣ב וּבְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְהָקִ֗ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בַּבְּרִֽית׃ | And the king stood at the column, and he made a covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul – to uphold the words of this covenant, which were written in this book. And all the people committed themselves to the covenant. |
|| 2 Chr 34:31.
a covenant ← the covenant. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. soul: i.e. mind. committed themselves to ← stood in. |
| 2 Ki 23:4 | וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּהוּ֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וְאֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַמִּשְׁנֶה֮ וְאֶת־שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּף֒ לְהוֹצִיא֙ מֵהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֗ים הָֽעֲשׂוּיִם֙ לַבַּ֣עַל וְלָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיִּשְׂרְפֵ֞ם מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בְּשַׁדְמ֣וֹת קִדְר֔וֹן וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest and the second rank priests and the doorkeepers to bring out of the temple of the Lord all the equipment made for Baal and for the phallic park and for every celestial body, and he burnt them outside Jerusalem in the cornfields of Kidron, and he took their ashes to Beth-El. |
doorkeepers: see 2 Ki 22:4.
body ← power. ashes ← dust. |
| 2 Ki 23:5 | וְהִשְׁבִּ֣ית אֶת־הַכְּמָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְקַטֵּ֤ר בַּבָּמוֹת֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְסִבֵּ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאֶת־הַֽמְקַטְּרִ֣ים לַבַּ֗עַל לַשֶּׁ֤מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֙חַ֙ וְלַמַּזָּל֔וֹת וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And he put an end to the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed, and he burned incense on the idolatrous raised sites in the cities of Judah and the vicinity of Jerusalem, and he put an end to those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun and to the moon and to the constellations of the zodiac and to every celestial body. |
he burned incense: apparently incongruous, but perhaps he burnt the incense destructively, not to any god. AV differs (to burn incense), as others, conjecturally emending the Hebrew, or turning to the versions. Even [YLT] does not follow the MT.
vicinity ← vicinities. body ← power. |
| 2 Ki 23:6 | וַיֹּצֵ֣א אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָה֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֜ה מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛הּ בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֣דֶק לְעָפָ֑ר וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֔הּ עַל־קֶ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And he brought the phallic image out of the house of the Lord, to outside Jerusalem, to the Kidron Brook, and he burnt it at the Kidron Brook, and he ground it to dust, and he threw its dust on the graves of the common people. |
graves ← grave.
common people ← sons of the people; see [CB]. AV differs (children of the people). |
| 2 Ki 23:7 | וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י הַקְּדֵשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֗ים אֹרְג֥וֹת שָׁ֛ם בָּתִּ֖ים לָאֲשֵׁרָֽה׃ | And he demolished the houses of the male prostitutes which were in the precinct of the house of the Lord, where the women would weave canopies for the phallic image. | canopies ← houses. |
| 2 Ki 23:8 | וַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־כָּל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ מֵעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מִגֶּ֖בַע עַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וְנָתַ֞ץ אֶת־בָּמ֣וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֜תַח שַׁ֤עַר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶֽׁר־עַל־שְׂמֹ֥אול אִ֖ישׁ בְּשַׁ֥עַר הָעִֽיר׃ | And he brought all the priests from the cities of Judah, and he defiled the idolatrous raised sites where the priests burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba. And he demolished the idolatrous raised sites at the gates which were at the entrance of the Gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which was on a man's left at the city gate. | |
| 2 Ki 23:9 | אַ֗ךְ לֹ֤א יַֽעֲלוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֶל־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצּ֖וֹת בְּת֥וֹךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ | But the priests of the idolatrous raised sites did not go up to the Lord's altar in Jerusalem, for instead they ate unleavened bread among their brothers. | |
| 2 Ki 23:10 | וְטִמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַתֹּ֔פֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגֵ֣י *בני־**בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֗י לְהַעֲבִ֨יר אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֧וֹ וְאֶת־בִּתּ֛וֹ בָּאֵ֖שׁ לַמֹּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he defiled Topheth, which is in the Valley of {K: the Sons} [Q: the Son] of Hinnom, so that no-one could make his son or his daughter pass through fire for Molech. |
Topheth ← the Topheth.
the Valley of ... Hinnom: see Josh 15:8. so that no-one ← lest a man. |
| 2 Ki 23:11 | וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֣ת אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֩ מַלְכֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֤ה לַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מִבֹּ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּת֙ נְתַן־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַסָּרִ֔יס אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּפַּרְוָרִ֑ים וְאֶת־מַרְכְּב֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And he removed the horses which the kings of Judah had furnished for the sun, from the entrance to the house of the Lord to the office of Nathan-Melech the eunuch, which is in the suburbs, and he burnt the chariots of the sun with fire. |
entrance ← entering.
Nathan-Melech ← Nethan-Melech, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Ki 23:12 | וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ | And the king demolished the altars which were on the roof, by the upper room of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courtyards of the house of the Lord. Then he ran from there and threw their ashes on the Kidron Brook. |
ran: from root רבץ. Alternatively, from root רצץ, crushed, but “from there” suggests running rather than crushing.
ashes ← dust. |
| 2 Ki 23:13 | וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king defiled the idolatrous raised sites which were facing Jerusalem, which are to the right of the Mount of Ruination, which Solomon king of Israel built to Astarte, the abomination of the Sidonians, and to Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, and to Milcom, the abomination of the sons of Ammon. |
Astarte ← Ashtoreth, i.e. Venus.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| 2 Ki 23:14 | וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּב֔וֹת וַיִּכְרֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־מְקוֹמָ֖ם עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָֽם׃ | And he smashed the idolatrous statues, and he cut down the phallic parks, and he filled their place with men's bones. | |
| 2 Ki 23:15 | וְגַ֨ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֜חַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל הַבָּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־נְבָט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֧חַ הַה֛וּא וְאֶת־הַבָּמָ֖ה נָתָ֑ץ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֧ף אֶת־הַבָּמָ֛ה הֵדַ֥ק לְעָפָ֖ר וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֲשֵׁרָֽה׃ | And he also demolished the altar which was in Beth-El, the idolatrous raised site which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin had made – both that altar and the raised site. And he burned the idolatrous raised site and ground it to dust, and he burned the phallic park. | |
| 2 Ki 23:16 | וַיִּ֣פֶן יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ וַיַּ֨רְא אֶת־הַקְּבָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָֽעֲצָמוֹת֙ מִן־הַקְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וַֽיְטַמְּאֵ֑הוּ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֔א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then Josiah turned and saw the graves which were there in the mountain, and he sent a workforce and took the bones from the graves and burned them on the altar, and he defiled it, according to the word of the Lord which the man of God read – the man who read these things. | read (2x): see 2 Ki 22:10 (reading a book). Alternatively, translate proclaim. |
| 2 Ki 23:17 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֚ה הַצִּיּ֣וּן הַלָּ֔ז אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעִ֗יר הַקֶּ֤בֶר אִישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א מִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתָ עַ֖ל הַמִּזְבַּ֥ח בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And at one point he said, “What is this monument I see?” And the men of the city said to him, “The grave of the man of God who came from Judah and read these things which you have done concerning the altar of Beth-El.” | read: see 2 Ki 23:16. |
| 2 Ki 23:18 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ ל֔וֹ אִ֖ישׁ אַל־יָנַ֣ע עַצְמֹתָ֑יו וַֽיְמַלְּטוּ֙ עַצְמֹתָ֔יו אֵ֚ת עַצְמ֣וֹת הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א מִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן׃ | And he said, “Leave him alone; let no man touch his bones.” So they spared his bones – the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria. | |
| 2 Ki 23:19 | וְגַם֩ אֶת־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֨י הַבָּמ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְהַכְעִ֔יס הֵסִ֖יר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָהֶ֔ם כְּכָל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃ | And Josiah also removed all the houses of the idolatrous raised sites which were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made, so as to cause provocation, and he dealt with them in the same way as all the operations which he carried out in Beth-El. |
houses: i.e. temples.
dealt with them ← did to them. |
| 2 Ki 23:20 | וַ֠יִּזְבַּח אֶת־כָּל־כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַבָּמ֤וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ עַל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת וַיִּשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּ֖שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And on the altars he sacrificed all the priests of the idolatrous raised sites which were there, and he burned the human bones on them. Then he returned to Jerusalem. |
which were there: or who (were) there.
human bones ← bones of a man. |
| 2 Ki 23:21 | וַיְצַ֤ו הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲשׂ֣וּ פֶ֔סַח לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם כַּכָּת֕וּב עַ֛ל סֵ֥פֶר הַבְּרִ֖ית הַזֶּֽה׃ | Then the king commanded all the people and said, “Celebrate the Passover to the Lord your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.” |
|| 2 Chr 35:1.
celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Ki 23:22 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ כַּפֶּ֣סַח הַזֶּ֔ה מִימֵי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁפְט֖וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכֹ֗ל יְמֵ֛י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | For Passover had not been celebrated like this since the days of the judges who judged Israel, not in all the days of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah. |
|| 2 Chr 35:18.
Passover had not been celebrated like this ← it has not been done like this Passover. for ... not: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6. |
| 2 Ki 23:23 | כִּ֗י אִם־בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ נַעֲשָׂ֞ה הַפֶּ֧סַח הַזֶּ֛ה לַיהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah this Passover was celebrated to the Lord in Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Chr 35:19.
but ← rather. celebrated ← done. |
| 2 Ki 23:24 | וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹב֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And Josiah also eradicated the necromancers and the wizards and the amulets and the idols and all the abominations which had appeared in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, in order to establish the words of the law which were written in the book which Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the Lord. | amulets: see Gen 31:19. |
| 2 Ki 23:25 | וְכָמֹהוּ֩ לֹֽא־הָיָ֨ה לְפָנָ֜יו מֶ֗לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֤ב אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־לְבָב֤וֹ וּבְכָל־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וּבְכָל־מְאֹד֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹֽא־קָ֥ם כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ | And there had not been any king like him before him, who returned to the Lord with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses, and after him there arose no-one like him. | soul: see 2 Ki 23:3. |
| 2 Ki 23:26 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ לֹֽא־שָׁ֣ב יְהוָ֗ה מֵחֲר֤וֹן אַפּוֹ֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־חָרָ֥ה אַפּ֖וֹ בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה עַ֚ל כָּל־הַכְּעָסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִכְעִיס֖וֹ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | But the Lord did not relent from his great and furious anger, because his anger had been kindled against Judah on account of all the provocations with which Manasseh had provoked him. |
relent ← return.
his great and furious anger ← the great fury of his anger. |
| 2 Ki 23:27 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה גַּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ אָסִיר֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲסִרֹ֖תִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּ֠מָאַסְתִּי אֶת־הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֤את אֲשֶׁר־בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתִּי יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י שָֽׁם׃ | And the Lord said, “I will also remove Judah from my presence, as I removed Israel, and I will reject this city which I chose – Jerusalem – and the house of which I said, ‘My name will be there.’ ” | |
| 2 Ki 23:28 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Josiah, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 35:26, 2 Chr 35:27. |
| 2 Ki 23:29 | בְּיָמָ֡יו עָלָה֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָ֑ת וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיְמִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּמְגִדּ֔וֹ כִּרְאֹת֖וֹ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | In his days, Pharaoh-Nechoh king of Egypt came up against the king of Assyria at the River Euphrates, and King Josiah went to confront him, but the king of Egypt killed Josiah in Megiddo when he saw him. |
|| 2 Chr 35:20.
confront ← towards, with the idea of meeting or confronting. the king of Egypt killed Josiah ← he killed him. |
| 2 Ki 23:30 | וַיַּרְכִּבֻ֨הוּ עֲבָדָ֥יו מֵת֙ מִמְּגִדּ֔וֹ וַיְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֖הוּ בִּקְבֻֽרָת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח עַם־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־יְהֽוֹאָחָז֙ בֶּן־יֹ֣אשִׁיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּמְשְׁח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ תַּ֥חַת אָבִֽיו׃ פ | And his servants conveyed him by chariot, dead, from Megiddo, and they brought him to Jerusalem and buried him in his tomb. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and they anointed him and made him king in place of his father. | || 2 Chr 35:24, 2 Chr 36:1. |
| 2 Ki 23:31 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃ | Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for three months. And the name of his mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. | || 2 Chr 36:2. |
| 2 Ki 23:32 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And he did evil in the sight of the Lord, like everything that his fathers did. | |
| 2 Ki 23:33 | וַיַּאַסְרֵהוּ֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֤ה בְרִבְלָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֔ת *במלך **מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּתֶּן־עֹ֙נֶשׁ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאָ֥ה כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃ | And Pharaoh-Nechoh put him in bonds in Riblah, in the land of Hamath {K: when he was reigning} [Q: to stop him reigning] in Jerusalem. And he imposed a tax on the land of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. |
|| 2 Chr 36:3.
imposed ← gave. talents ... talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Ki 23:34 | וַיַּמְלֵךְ֩ פַּרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֜ה אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ תַּ֚חַת יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֔יו וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים וְאֶת־יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז לָקָ֔ח וַיָּבֹ֥א מִצְרַ֖יִם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃ | Then Pharaoh-Nechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king, in the place of Josiah his father, and he changed his name to Jehoiakim, and he took Jehoahaz, and he went to Egypt, and he died there. | || 1 Chr 3:15, 2 Chr 36:4. |
| 2 Ki 23:35 | וְהַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב נָתַ֤ן יְהוֹיָקִים֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֶעֱרִ֣יךְ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֥ת אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף עַל־פִּ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה אִ֣ישׁ כְּעֶרְכּ֗וֹ נָגַ֞שׂ אֶת־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֖ת לְפַרְעֹ֥ה נְכֹֽה׃ ס | And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh, and he assessed the land so as to give the money according to Pharaoh's command. He exacted silver and gold from each man according to his assessment, from the people of the land, to give it to Pharaoh-Nechoh. | command ← mouth. |
| 2 Ki 23:36 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָ֨ה יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ *זבידה **זְבוּדָּ֥ה בַת־פְּדָיָ֖ה מִן־רוּמָֽה׃ | Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was {K: Zebidah} [Q: Zebudah] the daughter of Pedaiah from Rumah. | || 2 Chr 36:5. |
| 2 Ki 23:37 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like everything that his fathers did. |
|| 2 Chr 36:5.
fathers: i.e. forefathers. |
| 2 Ki 24:1 | בְּיָמָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיְהִי־ל֨וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים עֶ֙בֶד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּֽוֹ׃ | In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon campaigned, and Jehoiakim became his servant for three years, then he turned away and rebelled against him. |
|| 2 Chr 36:6.
campaigned ← went up. turned away: or (rebelled) again. |
| 2 Ki 24:2 | וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בּ֡וֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּים֩ וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֨י אֲרָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ גְּדוּדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥ם בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲבִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ | Then the Lord sent Chaldean troops against him, and troops of the Aramaeans, and troops of Moab, and troops of the sons of Ammon, and he sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the Lord which he spoke through the intermediacy of his servants the prophets. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Ki 24:3 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה לְהָסִ֖יר מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו בְּחַטֹּ֣את מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | Indeed this came on Judah according to the command of the Lord, to remove it from his presence, on account of Manasseh's sins, according to everything he did. |
came ← became.
command ← mouth. |
| 2 Ki 24:4 | וְגַ֤ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃ | And in particular the innocent blood which he shed – how he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood – which the Lord was not willing to forgive. |
in particular ← also.
how ← and. |
| 2 Ki 24:5 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוֹיָקִ֖ים וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Jehoiakim, and everything he did, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? | || 2 Chr 36:8. |
| 2 Ki 24:6 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב יְהוֹיָקִ֖ים עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹיָכִ֥ין בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Jehoiakim lay with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place. | || 1 Chr 3:16, 2 Chr 36:8. |
| 2 Ki 24:7 | וְלֹֽא־הֹסִ֥יף עוֹד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָצֵ֖את מֵֽאַרְצ֑וֹ כִּֽי־לָקַ֞ח מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֗ל מִנַּ֤חַל מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיְתָ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ פ | And the king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more, because the king of Babylon had captured territory from the Brook of Egypt up to the River Euphrates – everything that used to belong to the king of Egypt. | Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5. |
| 2 Ki 24:8 | בֶּן־שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּ֥א בַת־אֶלְנָתָ֖ן מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for three months in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan from Jerusalem. | || 2 Chr 36:9. |
| 2 Ki 24:9 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like everything his father did. | || 2 Chr 36:9. |
| 2 Ki 24:10 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא *עלה **עָל֗וּ עַבְדֵ֛י נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַתָּבֹ֥א הָעִ֖יר בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃ | At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon campaigned against Jerusalem, and the city came under siege. |
campaigned ← came up. The ketiv is discordant in number, or it is infinitive absolute.
2 Chr 36:10 describes the same period, but with insufficient commonality to be considered a parallel verse. See [RBG]. |
| 2 Ki 24:11 | וַיָּבֹ֛א נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל עַל־הָעִ֑יר וַעֲבָדָ֖יו צָרִ֥ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the city, and his servants besieged it. | |
| 2 Ki 24:12 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א יְהוֹיָכִ֤ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל ה֣וּא וְאִמּ֔וֹ וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְשָׂרָ֣יו וְסָֽרִיסָ֑יו וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה לְמָלְכֽוֹ׃ | Then Jehoiachin king of Judah went out in subjection to the king of Babylon, he and his mother and his servants and his officials and his eunuchs, and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign. | || 2 Chr 36:10. |
| 2 Ki 24:13 | וַיּוֹצֵ֣א מִשָּׁ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־אוֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֽוֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְקַצֵּ֞ץ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And he brought out of there all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king's house, and he cut up all the golden equipment which Solomon king of Israel had made to go in the temple of the Lord, according to the word of the Lord. | || 2 Chr 36:10. |
| 2 Ki 24:14 | וְהִגְלָ֣ה אֶת־כָּל־יְ֠רוּשָׁלִַם וְֽאֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֞ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל *עשרה **עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ גּוֹלֶ֔ה וְכָל־הֶחָרָ֖שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּ֑ר לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר זוּלַ֖ת דַּלַּ֥ת עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And he deported the whole of Jerusalem, and all the officials and all the valiant warriors – ten thousand deportees – and every craftsman and blacksmith. No-one remained except the poor of the people of the land. |
ten thousand: the ketiv is an irregular formulation of the number, but it has the same meaning as the qeré.
poor ← poverty. |
| 2 Ki 24:15 | וַיֶּ֥גֶל אֶת־יְהוֹיָכִ֖ין בָּבֶ֑לָה וְאֶת־אֵ֣ם הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וְאֶת־סָרִיסָ֗יו וְאֵת֙ *אולי **אֵילֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ הוֹלִ֛יךְ גּוֹלָ֥ה מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And he deported Jehoiachin to Babylon, and he led the king's mother and the king's wives and his eunuchs and the {K: princes} [Q: nobles] of the land into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon. | |
| 2 Ki 24:16 | וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַחַ֜יִל שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֗ים וְהֶחָרָ֤שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר֙ אֶ֔לֶף הַכֹּ֕ל גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים עֹשֵׂ֣י מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַיְבִיאֵ֧ם מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל גּוֹלָ֖ה בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And he deported all the soldiers – seven thousand of them – and craftsmen and blacksmiths – a thousand of them. All were warriors and professionals in war, and the king of Babylon took them in exile to Babylon. | professionals in ← doers of. |
| 2 Ki 24:17 | וַיַּמְלֵ֧ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־מַתַּנְיָ֥ה דֹד֖וֹ תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ פ | And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his uncle king instead of him, and he changed his name to Zedekiah. |
|| 1 Chr 3:16, 2 Chr 36:10.
he changed: i.e. the king of Babylon changed. See [CB]. |
| 2 Ki 24:18 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַחַ֤ת שָׁנָה֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ *חמיטל **חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃ | Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for eleven years. And the name of his mother was {Q: Hamutal} [K: Hamital], the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. |
The qeré aligns the name with 2 Ki 23:31.
|| Jer 52:1, 2 Chr 36:11. Zedekiah's parentage makes him a brother of Jehoahaz. |
| 2 Ki 24:19 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like everything that Jehoiakim did. | || Jer 52:2, 2 Chr 36:12. |
| 2 Ki 24:20 | כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִכ֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס | For it was on account of the wrath of the Lord that this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had banished them from his presence. Now Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. |
|| Jer 52:3, 2 Chr 36:13.
happened ← became. banished ← cast. |
| 2 Ki 25:1 | וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֧וּא וְכָל־חֵיל֛וֹ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ דָּיֵ֥ק סָבִֽיב׃ | And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon – he himself and all his army – came against Jerusalem, and he encamped against it, and they built a wall of circumvallation around it. | || Jer 52:4. |
| 2 Ki 25:2 | וַתָּבֹ֥א הָעִ֖יר בַּמָּצ֑וֹר עַ֚ד עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And the city came under siege until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah. | || Jer 52:5. |
| 2 Ki 25:3 | בְּתִשְׁעָ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָרָעָ֖ב בָּעִ֑יר וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה לֶ֖חֶם לְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | On the ninth day of the month, the famine in the city became severe, and there was no bread for the people of the land. |
|| Jer 52:6.
the month: Jer 52:6 has the fourth month. severe ← strong. |
| 2 Ki 25:4 | וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע הָעִ֗יר וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה ׀ הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ דֶּ֜רֶךְ שַׁ֣עַר ׀ בֵּ֣ין הַחֹמֹתַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים עַל־הָעִ֖יר סָבִ֑יב וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ | And the city was breached, and all the warriors fled at night through the gate between the two walls which were alongside the king's garden, while the Chaldeans were alongside the city around it. And the king went by the road through the arid tract. |
|| Jer 52:7.
road through ← road of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Ki 25:5 | וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂ֥גוּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּעַרְב֣וֹת יְרֵח֑וֹ וְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ נָפֹ֖צוּ מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | Then the Chaldean army pursued the king, and they caught up with him in the arid tracts of Jericho, and all his army dispersed themselves away from him. | || Jer 52:8. |
| 2 Ki 25:6 | וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל רִבְלָ֑תָה וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אִתּ֖וֹ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And they caught the king, and they brought him up to the king of Babylon in Riblah, and they passed sentence on him. |
|| Jer 52:9.
in Riblah ← to Riblah. passed sentence on ← spoke sentence with. |
| 2 Ki 25:7 | וְאֶת־בְּנֵי֙ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ שָׁחֲט֖וּ לְעֵינָ֑יו וְאֶת־עֵינֵ֤י צִדְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ עִוֵּ֔ר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֙הוּ֙ בַֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס | And they slaughtered Zedekiah's sons in his sight, and he blinded Zedekiah's eyes, and he bound him in fetters, and he brought him to Babylon. | || Jer 52:10, Jer 52:11. |
| 2 Ki 25:8 | וּבַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִׁי֙ בְּשִׁבְעָ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ הִ֗יא שְׁנַת֙ תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֑ל בָּ֞א נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֧ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֛ים עֶ֥בֶד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, that is the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan the chief guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem, |
|| Jer 52:12.
guard ← executioner, but here the head of the elite guard, who would also be executioner as the occasion arises. |
| 2 Ki 25:9 | וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית גָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | and he burnt the house of the Lord and the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and he burnt every high-ranking person's house with fire. | || Jer 52:13, 2 Chr 36:19. |
| 2 Ki 25:10 | וְאֶת־חוֹמֹ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סָבִ֑יב נָֽתְצוּ֙ כָּל־חֵ֣יל כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And the whole army of the Chaldeans, who were under the chief guard, demolished the walls of Jerusalem surrounding it. |
|| Jer 52:14.
demolished: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. Similarly many verses following. |
| 2 Ki 25:11 | וְאֵת֩ יֶ֨תֶר הָעָ֜ם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּעִ֗יר וְאֶת־הַנֹּֽפְלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָפְלוּ֙ עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת יֶ֣תֶר הֶהָמ֑וֹן הֶגְלָ֕ה נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And Nebuzaradan the chief guard deported the rest of the people who remained in the city, and the defectors who had defected to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the population. |
|| Jer 52:15.
population ← multitude. |
| 2 Ki 25:12 | וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ הִשְׁאִ֖יר רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים לְכֹֽרְמִ֖ים וּלְיֹגְבִֽים׃ | But the chief guard left some of the poor of the land to be vine-growers and ploughmen. |
|| Jer 52:16.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 2 Ki 25:13 | וְאֶת־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֞וֹת וְאֶת־יָ֧ם הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְּר֣וּ כַשְׂדִּ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־נְחֻשְׁתָּ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And the Chaldeans broke up the copper columns of the house of the Lord, and the plinths, and the copper artificial sea which was in the house of the Lord, and they carried the copper taken from them to Babylon. |
|| Jer 52:17, 2 Chr 36:19.
the copper taken from them ← their copper. |
| 2 Ki 25:14 | וְאֶת־הַסִּירֹ֨ת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֜ים וְאֶת־הַֽמְזַמְּר֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַכַּפּ֗וֹת וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֧י הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשָֽׁרְתוּ־בָ֖ם לָקָֽחוּ׃ | And they took the pans and the shovels and the snuffers and the ladles and all the copper equipment with which they served. | || Jer 52:18. |
| 2 Ki 25:15 | וְאֶת־הַמַּחְתּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר זָהָב֙ זָהָ֔ב וַאֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֖סֶף כָּ֑סֶף לָקַ֖ח רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And the chief guard took the firepans and the sprinkling basins which were of solid gold and which were of solid silver. |
|| Jer 52:19.
of solid gold ... of solid silver ← gold gold ... silver silver. |
| 2 Ki 25:16 | הָעַמּוּדִ֣ים ׀ שְׁנַ֗יִם הַיָּ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ וְהַמְּכֹנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה לֹא־הָיָ֣ה מִשְׁקָ֔ל לִנְחֹ֖שֶׁת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | As for the two columns, the one artificial sea, and the plinths which Solomon had made for the house of the Lord, the copper of all this equipment was of inestimable weight. |
|| Jer 52:20.
was of inestimable weight ← had no weight, i.e. had no bounds to its weight. |
| 2 Ki 25:17 | שְׁמֹנֶה֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אַמָּ֜ה קוֹמַ֣ת ׀ הָעַמּ֣וּד הָאֶחָ֗ד וְכֹתֶ֨רֶת עָלָ֥יו ׀ נְחֹשֶׁת֮ וְקוֹמַ֣ת הַכֹּתֶרֶת֮ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ *אמה **אַמּוֹת֒ וּשְׂבָכָ֨ה וְרִמֹּנִ֧ים עַֽל־הַכֹּתֶ֛רֶת סָבִ֖יב הַכֹּ֣ל נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְכָאֵ֛לֶּה לַֽעַמּ֥וּד הַשֵּׁנִ֖י עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָֽה׃ | The height of the first column was eighteen cubits, and the capital on it was of copper, and the height of the capital was three cubits, and the trellis and pomegranates on the capital around it were all of copper, and the second column had the same features in regard to the trellis work. |
three cubits: the ketiv for cubits is in the singular (admissible for measurements, as in 1 Ki 6:2). A cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm.
|| Jer 52:21, Jer 52:22. the first ← one. the same ← like these. |
| 2 Ki 25:18 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח רַב־טַבָּחִ֗ים אֶת־שְׂרָיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֖הוּ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִשְׁנֶ֑ה וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּֽף׃ | And the chief guard took Seraiah the head priest, and Zephaniah the second most senior priest, and the three doorkeepers, |
|| Jer 52:24.
doorkeepers ← threshold keepers. |
| 2 Ki 25:19 | וּמִן־הָעִ֡יר לָקַח֩ סָרִ֨יס אֶחָ֜ד אֲֽשֶׁר־ה֥וּא פָקִ֣יד ׀ עַל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מֵרֹאֵ֤י פְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצְא֣וּ בָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֗ת הַסֹּפֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א הַמַּצְבִּ֖א אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֖ים בָּעִֽיר׃ | and from the city he took one eunuch who was in charge of the warriors, and five men from those who attended to the king, who were present in the city, and the scribe who was commander of the army, who mobilized the people of the land, and sixty men from the people of the land who were present in the city. |
|| Jer 52:25.
in charge of ← the overseer over. attended to ← see the face of. present (2x) ← found. |
| 2 Ki 25:20 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֹתָ֔ם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים וַיֹּ֧לֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל רִבְלָֽתָה׃ | And Nebuzaradan the chief guard took them and led them to the king of Babylon in Riblah. |
|| Jer 52:26.
in Riblah ← to Riblah. |
| 2 Ki 25:21 | וַיַּ֣ךְ אֹתָם֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֧ל וַיְמִיתֵ֛ם בְּרִבְלָ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיִּ֥גֶל יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ | Then the king of Babylon struck them down and killed them in Riblah in the land of Hamath. And Judah was deported from its land. | || Jer 52:27. |
| 2 Ki 25:22 | וְהָעָ֗ם הַנִּשְׁאָר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִשְׁאִ֔יר נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיַּפְקֵ֣ד עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֥ם בֶּן־שָׁפָֽן׃ פ | And as for the people who remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon left, he appointed Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, over them. | |
| 2 Ki 25:23 | וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים הֵ֣מָּה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֤יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֡ה וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָ֠רֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י הֵ֖מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ | Then when all the officers of the forces – they and the men – heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah, they went to Gedaliah in Mizpah, as did Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of the Maachathite – they and their men. |
|| Jer 40:7, Jer 40:8.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. Kareah: AV differs (Careah), but elsewhere Kareah. |
| 2 Ki 25:24 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע לָהֶ֤ם גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מֵעַבְדֵ֣י הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים שְׁב֣וּ בָאָ֗רֶץ וְעִבְד֛וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְיִטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃ ס | And Gedaliah swore to them and to their men, and he said to them, “Do not be afraid of the servants of the Chaldeans. Stay in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and things will go well for you.” |
|| Jer 40:9.
be afraid of the servants of: AV differs, ignoring the Hebrew, and conforming the sense to Jer 40:9, fear not to be the servants of. stay ← sit, dwell. things will go well ← it will be well. |
| 2 Ki 25:25 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בָּ֣א יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְ֠תַנְיָה בֶּן־אֱלִ֨ישָׁמָ֜ע מִזֶּ֣רַע הַמְּלוּכָ֗ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְאֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֥וּ אִתּ֖וֹ בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | But it came to pass in the seventh month that Ishmael, the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the royal seed came, with ten men accompanying him, struck Gedaliah down, and he died, and likewise the Jews and the Chaldeans who were with him in Mizpah. |
|| Jer 41:1, Jer 41:2, Jer 41:3.
royal seed ← seed of the kingship. with ten men accompanying ← and ten men with. Mizpah ← the Mizpah. |
| 2 Ki 25:26 | וַיָּקֻ֨מוּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם מִקָּטֹ֤ן וְעַד־גָּדוֹל֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַחֲיָלִ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֥י יָרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֥י כַשְׂדִּֽים׃ פ | Then all the people, both small and great, including officers of the forces, arose and went to Egypt, because they were afraid of the Chaldeans. |
|| Jer 41:16, Jer 41:17, Jer 41:18.
both small and great ← from small and up to great, but the expression does not always admit a range, as in Gen 6:7. |
| 2 Ki 25:27 | וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְגָלוּת֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ חֹ֔דֶשׁ בְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ נָשָׂ֡א אֱוִ֣יל מְרֹדַךְ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֜ל בִּשְׁנַ֣ת מָלְכ֗וֹ אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ יְהוֹיָכִ֥ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה מִבֵּ֥ית כֶּֽלֶא׃ | And it came to pass in the thirty-seventh year of the deportation of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, that Evil-Merodach king of Babylon, in the year when he started to reign, gave Jehoiachin king of Judah his liberty from being in prison. |
|| Jer 52:31.
gave ... liberty ← raised the head of. |
| 2 Ki 25:28 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ טֹב֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֗ל כִּסֵּ֧א הַמְּלָכִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בְּבָבֶֽל׃ | And he spoke some welcome words to him, and he appointed his throne above the thrones of the kings who were with him in Babylon. |
|| Jer 52:32.
welcome ← good. to him ← with him. thrones ← thrones. |
| 2 Ki 25:29 | וְשִׁנָּ֕א אֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י כִלְא֑וֹ וְאָכַ֨ל לֶ֧חֶם תָּמִ֛יד לְפָנָ֖יו כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ | And he changed his prison clothes, and he ate food regularly in his presence all the days of his life. |
|| Jer 52:33.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. regularly ← always. |
| 2 Ki 25:30 | וַאֲרֻחָת֗וֹ אֲרֻחַ֨ת תָּמִ֧יד נִתְּנָה־לּ֛וֹ מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֑וֹ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽו׃ | And as for his meals, a regular meal was given to him by the king as a day-to-day matter all the days of his life. |
|| Jer 52:34.
meals ← meal. |
| Isa 1:1 | חֲזוֹן֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמ֔וֹץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בִּימֵ֨י עֻזִּיָּ֧הוּ יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. | Isaiah ← Jeshaiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Isa 1:2 | שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְהַאֲזִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּ֑ר בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּי וְהֵ֖ם פָּ֥שְׁעוּ בִֽי׃ |
Hear, O heavens, and listen, O earth, For the Lord has spoken. “I have raised sons and brought them up, But they have rebelled against me. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 1:3 | יָדַ֥ע שׁוֹר֙ קֹנֵ֔הוּ וַחֲמ֖וֹר אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑יו יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע עַמִּ֖י לֹ֥א הִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃ |
The ox knows his owner, And the donkey his master's stall, But Israel does not know – My people do not understand. |
|
| Isa 1:4 | ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃ |
Alas, a sinful nation, A people laden with iniquity, A seed acting wickedly, Sons acting corruptly. They have deserted the Lord, They have despised the holy one of Israel; They have drawn back. |
laden with ← heavy of. |
| Isa 1:5 | עַ֣ל מֶ֥ה תֻכּ֛וּ ע֖וֹד תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ סָרָ֑ה כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ לָחֳלִ֔י וְכָל־לֵבָ֖ב דַּוָּֽי׃ |
Why should you be struck any more? You would add to the apostasy. Every head is ailing, And every heart is faint. |
you (2x): plural.
ailing ← to ailment. |
| Isa 1:6 | מִכַּף־רֶ֤גֶל וְעַד־רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין־בּ֣וֹ מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְחַבּוּרָ֖ה וּמַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא־זֹ֙רוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְלֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ |
From the sole of the foot to the head There is no health in it, But bruising and scars and raw wounds. They have not been bathed, And they have not been bound up, And they have not been dressed with oil. |
wounds ← a blow.
bathed: either qal of זוּר (pressed out), or pual of זָרָה (besprinkled). they have not been dressed ← it has not been softened. |
| Isa 1:7 | אַרְצְכֶ֣ם שְׁמָמָ֔ה עָרֵיכֶ֖ם שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת אֵ֑שׁ אַדְמַתְכֶ֗ם לְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙ זָרִים֙ אֹכְלִ֣ים אֹתָ֔הּ וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥ת זָרִֽים׃ |
Your land is a desolation, Your cities have been burned with fire; As for your land in front of you, Foreigners are devouring it, And it is a desolation, As overthrown by foreigners. |
overthrown ← overthrow of. |
| Isa 1:8 | וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת־צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה׃ |
And the daughter of Zion is left like a shed in a vineyard, Like a shack in a cucumber field, Like a besieged city.” |
|
| Isa 1:9 | לוּלֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הוֹתִ֥יר לָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖יד כִּמְעָ֑ט כִּסְדֹ֣ם הָיִ֔ינוּ לַעֲמֹרָ֖ה דָּמִֽינוּ׃ ס |
If the Lord of hosts had not left us a very small remnant, We would be like Sodom; We would resemble Gomorrah. |
Rom 9:29.
very small: the ke denoting intensity. Compare [AnLx] כְּ II (c). Compare also Gen 24:28, Neh 7:2. |
| Isa 1:10 | שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה קְצִינֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ תּוֹרַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם עֲמֹרָֽה׃ |
Hear the word of the Lord, You leaders of Sodom; Listen to the word of our God, You people of Gomorrah. |
|
| Isa 1:11 | לָמָּה־לִּ֤י רֹב־זִבְחֵיכֶם֙ יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׂבַ֛עְתִּי עֹל֥וֹת אֵילִ֖ים וְחֵ֣לֶב מְרִיאִ֑ים וְדַ֨ם פָּרִ֧ים וּכְבָשִׂ֛ים וְעַתּוּדִ֖ים לֹ֥א חָפָֽצְתִּי׃ |
“To what end is the abundance of your sacrifices to me? Says the Lord. I am replete with burnt offerings of rams And the fat of fatted calves, And I do not take pleasure in the blood of bulls And lambs and he-goats. |
The verse is alluded to in Mark 12:33. |
| Isa 1:12 | כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵרָא֖וֹת פָּנָ֑י מִי־בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽי׃ |
When you come {P: to see my face} [M: to appear before me], I will ask, ‘Who requested this on your part To trample over my courtyards?’ |
An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= לִרְאוֹת. AV differs.
on your part ← from your hand. trample over: i.e. profane. |
| Isa 1:13 | לֹ֣א תוֹסִ֗יפוּ הָבִיא֙ מִנְחַת־שָׁ֔וְא קְטֹ֧רֶת תּוֹעֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא לִ֑י חֹ֤דֶשׁ וְשַׁבָּת֙ קְרֹ֣א מִקְרָ֔א לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל אָ֖וֶן וַעֲצָרָֽה׃ |
Do not bring a vain meal-offering any more; Incense is an abomination to me. I cannot bear the new moon and the Sabbath Or the convening of a convocation. They are iniquity, As is the solemn assembly. |
|
| Isa 1:14 | חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא׃ |
My being hates your new moons and your festivals; They are a burden on me, Which I am weary of bearing. |
being ← soul. |
| Isa 1:15 | וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣ם כַּפֵּיכֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַי֙ מִכֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵיכֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ׃ |
And when you stretch out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Even if you make much prayer, I will not hear it. Your hands are full of blood. |
|
| Isa 1:16 | רַחֲצוּ֙ הִזַּכּ֔וּ הָסִ֛ירוּ רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י חִדְל֖וּ הָרֵֽעַ׃ |
Wash, cleanse yourselves, Banish evil from your works in my sight; Cease doing wrong. |
banish ← remove.
evil from ← evil of. |
| Isa 1:17 | לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה׃ ס |
Learn to do good, Seek justice, Succour the oppressed, Give the orphan justice; Defend the case of the widow. |
succour ← set right, straighten [BDB].
defend the case of ← contend (for). |
| Isa 1:18 | לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃ |
Come now, and let us come to a settlement, Says the Lord, Even if your sins are as scarlet, They will become as white as snow. Even if they are as red as the cochineal worm, They will become like wool. |
come to a settlement ← dispute.
scarlet ← scarlets, i.e. scarlet clothes. |
| Isa 1:19 | אִם־תֹּאב֖וּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָאָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
If you are willing, and you are heedful, You will eat the goodness of the land. |
|
| Isa 1:20 | וְאִם־תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ וּמְרִיתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶב תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
But if you refuse and rebel, You will be consumed by the sword, For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 1:21 | אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃ |
How did the faithful city become a prostitute? She was full of justice, Righteousness used to dwell in her, But now – murderers. |
|
| Isa 1:22 | כַּסְפֵּ֖ךְ הָיָ֣ה לְסִיגִ֑ים סָבְאֵ֖ךְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם׃ |
Your silver has become dross; Your liquor has been adulterated With water. |
|
| Isa 1:23 | שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ |
Your officials are recalcitrant And are friends of thieves. Each one loves bribes And pursues corrupt payments. They do not give the orphan justice, And the case of the widow does not reach them. |
|
| Isa 1:24 | לָכֵ֗ן נְאֻ֤ם הָֽאָדוֹן֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲבִ֖יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ה֚וֹי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם מִצָּרַ֔י וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה מֵאוֹיְבָֽי׃ |
“That is why, Says the Lord – The Lord of hosts, The mighty one of Israel – Alas, I will rid myself of my adversaries, And I will avenge myself on my enemies. |
rid ← comfort. |
| Isa 1:25 | וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּבֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִךְ וְאָסִ֖ירָה כָּל־בְּדִילָֽיִךְ׃ |
And I will draw my hand over you And refine your dross, As is done with potash, And I will remove all your tin. |
remove all your tin: i.e. from the silver. |
| Isa 1:26 | וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה שֹׁפְטַ֙יִךְ֙ כְּבָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה וְיֹעֲצַ֖יִךְ כְּבַתְּחִלָּ֑ה אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן יִקָּ֤רֵא לָךְ֙ עִ֣יר הַצֶּ֔דֶק קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָֽה׃ |
And I will restore your judges as in the beginning, And your counsellors as at the start. After that you will be called The City of Righteousness, The Faithful Town. |
|
| Isa 1:27 | צִיּ֖וֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט תִּפָּדֶ֑ה וְשָׁבֶ֖יהָ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
Zion will be redeemed justly, As will those returning to her, righteously. |
justly ...righteously ← in justice ... in righteousness. |
| Isa 1:28 | וְשֶׁ֧בֶר פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים וְחַטָּאִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְעֹזְבֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִכְלֽוּ׃ |
And it will be the demise of transgressors and sinners together, Whilst those who abandon the Lord Will be annihilated. |
annihilated ← terminated. |
| Isa 1:29 | כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵאֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃ |
For they will be ashamed of the terebinths Which you delighted in, And you will be ashamed of the parks Which you were partial to. |
|
| Isa 1:30 | כִּ֣י תִֽהְי֔וּ כְּאֵלָ֖ה נֹבֶ֣לֶת עָלֶ֑הָ וּֽכְגַנָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־מַ֖יִם אֵ֥ין לָֽהּ׃ |
For they will be like a terebinth Whose leaves are withering, And like a park Which has no water. |
|
| Isa 1:31 | וְהָיָ֤ה הֶחָסֹן֙ לִנְעֹ֔רֶת וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לְנִיצ֑וֹץ וּבָעֲר֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וְאֵ֥ין מְכַבֶּֽה׃ ס |
And he who is strong Will be like hemp fibres, And his work will be tinder to a spark, And both will burn together, And there will be no-one to put them out.” |
|
| Isa 2:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמ֑וֹץ עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | The word which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. | |
| Isa 2:2 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֗ים נָכ֨וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֜ה הַ֤ר בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הֶהָרִ֔ים וְנִשָּׂ֖א מִגְּבָע֑וֹת וְנָהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
And it will come to pass in the last days That the mountain of the house of the Lord will be established As the foremost of the mountains. And it will be exalted above the hills, And all the Gentiles will flock to it. |
|| Mic 4:1.
as the foremost ← on the top / at the head. flock ← stream. |
| Isa 2:3 | וְֽהָלְכ֞וּ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וְאָמְרוּ֙ לְכ֣וּ ׀ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶל־הַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־בֵּית֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיֹרֵ֙נוּ֙ מִדְּרָכָ֔יו וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּאֹרְחֹתָ֑יו כִּ֤י מִצִּיּוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֣א תוֹרָ֔ה וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
And many peoples will go, And they will say, “Come, let's go up to the mountain of the Lord – To the house of the God of Jacob – And he will instruct us concerning his ways, And let us walk in his paths.” For the law will go out from Zion, And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. |
|| Mic 4:2. |
| Isa 2:4 | וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ פ |
And he will judge among nations And convict many peoples. And they will beat their swords into ploughshares And their spears into pruning shears. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, And they will no longer learn warfare. |
|| Mic 4:3.
convict: or reprove. Less judicial than judge; the sense is to demonstrate that someone is wrong. |
| Isa 2:5 | בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה׃ |
O house of Jacob, Come, and let us walk in the light of the Lord. |
|
| Isa 2:6 | כִּ֣י נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה עַמְּךָ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֤י מָלְאוּ֙ מִקֶּ֔דֶם וְעֹֽנְנִ֖ים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבְיַלְדֵ֥י נָכְרִ֖ים יַשְׂפִּֽיקוּ׃ |
For you have forsaken your people – The house of Jacob – For they are full of eastern practices, And they divine by clouds like the Philistines, And they make alliances with foreigners. |
foreigners ← children of foreigners. The usual expression is sons of foreigners, but see Isa 57:4. |
| Isa 2:7 | וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְאֹצְרֹתָ֑יו וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ סוּסִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְמַרְכְּבֹתָֽיו׃ |
And his land has been filled with silver and gold, And there is no end to his treasure stores. And his land has been filled with horses, And there is no end to his chariots. |
his (4x): i.e. Jacob's, standing for the whole people. |
| Isa 2:8 | וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א אַרְצ֖וֹ אֱלִילִ֑ים לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃ |
And his land has been filled with idols. They worship the work of their hands – What their fingers have made. |
their (2x) ← his, i.e. Jacob's, standing for the whole people, as in the previous verse. |
| Isa 2:9 | וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְאַל־תִּשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃ |
Then when a man is made low, And a person is humbled, Do not lift them up. |
then when: from the first and third prefixed vav. |
| Isa 2:10 | בּ֣וֹא בַצּ֔וּר וְהִטָּמֵ֖ן בֶּֽעָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵי֙ פַּ֣חַד יְהוָ֔ה וּמֵהֲדַ֖ר גְּאֹנֽוֹ׃ |
Go into the rock, And hide in the dust, For fear of the Lord And because of the splendour of his majesty. |
|
| Isa 2:11 | עֵינֵ֞י גַּבְה֤וּת אָדָם֙ שָׁפֵ֔ל וְשַׁ֖ח ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס |
A man's arrogant eyes will be humbled, And the haughtiness of the people will be brought low, And the Lord alone will be exalted On that day. |
a man's arrogant eyes ← the eyes of arrogance of a man, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 2:12 | כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל׃ |
For the day of the Lord of hosts Is against all the proud and haughty, And against everyone exalted, And each one will be humbled, |
Rev 1:10. |
| Isa 2:13 | וְעַל֙ כָּל־אַרְזֵ֣י הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן הָרָמִ֖ים וְהַנִּשָּׂאִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אַלּוֹנֵ֥י הַבָּשָֽׁן׃ |
And against all the cedars of Lebanon, Which are high and exalted, And against all the oaks of Bashan, |
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Isa 2:14 | וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הֶהָרִ֣ים הָרָמִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הַגְּבָע֥וֹת הַנִּשָּׂאֽוֹת׃ |
And against all the high mountains, And against all the exalted hills, |
|
| Isa 2:15 | וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מִגְדָּ֣ל גָּבֹ֑הַ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־חוֹמָ֥ה בְצוּרָֽה׃ |
And against every tall tower, And against every fortified wall, |
|
| Isa 2:16 | וְעַ֖ל כָּל־אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ וְעַ֖ל כָּל־שְׂכִיּ֥וֹת הַחֶמְדָּֽה׃ |
And against all the ships of Tarshish, And against all attractive sights. |
attractive ← desirable. |
| Isa 2:17 | וְשַׁח֙ גַּבְה֣וּת הָאָדָ֔ם וְשָׁפֵ֖ל ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ |
And the arrogance of man will be brought low, And the haughtiness of people will be humbled, And the Lord alone will be exalted On that day. |
|
| Isa 2:18 | וְהָאֱלִילִ֖ים כָּלִ֥יל יַחֲלֹֽף׃ |
And the idols will vanish in their entirety. |
will vanish in their entirety ← the entirety will vanish. |
| Isa 2:19 | וּבָ֙אוּ֙ בִּמְעָר֣וֹת צֻרִ֔ים וּבִמְחִלּ֖וֹת עָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And they will go into the caves in the rocks And the caverns of the ground, For fear of the Lord And because of the splendour of his majesty When he arises to terrify the earth. |
Rev 6:15.
in the rocks ← of the rocks. ground ← dust. |
| Isa 2:20 | בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ־לוֹ֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּר֖וֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃ |
On that day Man will throw his silver idols And his golden idols, Which were made for him to worship, To the moles and bats, |
|| Isa 31:7.
were made ← they made. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Isa 2:21 | לָבוֹא֙ בְּנִקְר֣וֹת הַצֻּרִ֔ים וּבִסְעִפֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִ֑ים מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
As he goes into the clefts in the rocks, And into the cracks in the outcrops, For fear of the Lord And because of the splendour of his majesty When he arises to terrify the earth. |
|
| Isa 2:22 | חִדְל֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מִן־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְשָׁמָ֖ה בְּאַפּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־בַמֶּ֥ה נֶחְשָׁ֖ב הֽוּא׃ פ |
Renounce your ties with man, Whose breath is in his nose, For what is he considered worth? |
renounce your ties with ← cease for yourselves from. |
| Isa 3:1 | כִּי֩ הִנֵּ֨ה הָאָד֜וֹן יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת מֵסִ֤יר מִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּמִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה מַשְׁעֵ֖ן וּמַשְׁעֵנָ֑ה כֹּ֚ל מִשְׁעַן־לֶ֔חֶם וְכֹ֖ל מִשְׁעַן־מָֽיִם׃ |
For behold, the Lord – the Lord of hosts – Is removing supplies and provisions from Jerusalem and from Judah – All supplies of bread And all supplies of water, |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Isa 3:2 | גִּבּ֖וֹר וְאִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה שׁוֹפֵ֥ט וְנָבִ֖יא וְקֹסֵ֥ם וְזָקֵֽן׃ |
Affecting the warrior and soldier, Judge and prophet and diviner, And old man, |
|
| Isa 3:3 | שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ וַחֲכַ֥ם חֲרָשִׁ֖ים וּנְב֥וֹן לָֽחַשׁ׃ |
Commander of fifty and dignitary, And counsellor and skilled craftsman, And the initiate in incantations. |
dignitary ← elevated of face.
skilled craftsman ← wise in artisanries. |
| Isa 3:4 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י נְעָרִ֖ים שָׂרֵיהֶ֑ם וְתַעֲלוּלִ֖ים יִמְשְׁלוּ־בָֽם׃ |
And I will appoint youngsters as their officials, And children will rule over them. |
|
| Isa 3:5 | וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד׃ |
And the people will be oppressed, One man by another, And one man by his neighbour. And a young man will be insolent to an old man, As will a common man to an honourable man. |
another ← a man. |
| Isa 3:6 | כִּֽי־יִתְפֹּ֨שׂ אִ֤ישׁ בְּאָחִיו֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו שִׂמְלָ֣ה לְכָ֔ה קָצִ֖ין תִּֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑נוּ וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את תַּ֥חַת יָדֶֽךָ׃ |
For a man will take hold of his brother in his father's house, And he will say, “You have a coat; You shall be our leader, And these ruins will be under your direction.” |
direction ← hand. |
| Isa 3:7 | יִשָּׂא֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹא־אֶהְיֶ֣ה חֹבֵ֔שׁ וּבְבֵיתִ֕י אֵ֥ין לֶ֖חֶם וְאֵ֣ין שִׂמְלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְשִׂימֻ֖נִי קְצִ֥ין עָֽם׃ |
He will take an oath On that day, and he will say, “I will not be the one who remedies this While there is no food and no coat in my house. Do not make me a leader of the people.” |
take an oath ← lift up (the hand).
remedies ← binds up. while: wider use of the vav. |
| Isa 3:8 | כִּ֤י כָשְׁלָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וִיהוּדָ֖ה נָפָ֑ל כִּֽי־לְשׁוֹנָ֤ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לַמְר֖וֹת עֵנֵ֥י כְבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
For Jerusalem has toppled over, And Judah has fallen down, For their tongue and their deeds were directed against the Lord, In grieving his majestic gaze. |
in grieving: gerundial use of the infinitive.
his majestic gaze ← the eyes of his majesty, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 3:9 | הַכָּרַ֤ת פְּנֵיהֶם֙ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם כִּסְדֹ֥ם הִגִּ֖ידוּ לֹ֣א כִחֵ֑דוּ א֣וֹי לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם כִּֽי־גָמְל֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ |
The expression on their faces testifies against them, And they betray their sin like Sodom; They do not conceal it. Woe to their very selves, For they are recompensed with evil. |
betray ← declare, but betray also in Job 17:5.
to their very selves ← to their souls. they are recompensed ← they recompense them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Isa 3:10 | אִמְר֥וּ צַדִּ֖יק כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּֽי־פְרִ֥י מַעַלְלֵיהֶ֖ם יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
Say to the righteous man that this is pleasing: That men will eat the fruit of their works. |
|
| Isa 3:11 | א֖וֹי לְרָשָׁ֣ע רָ֑ע כִּֽי־גְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ׃ |
Woe to the evil wicked man! For the just deserts of his hands Will be repaid him. |
just deserts ← reprisal.
repaid ← done, dealt. |
| Isa 3:12 | עַמִּי֙ נֹגְשָׂ֣יו מְעוֹלֵ֔ל וְנָשִׁ֖ים מָ֣שְׁלוּ ב֑וֹ עַמִּי֙ מְאַשְּׁרֶ֣יךָ מַתְעִ֔ים וְדֶ֥רֶךְ אֹֽרְחֹתֶ֖יךָ בִּלֵּֽעוּ׃ ס |
As for my people, their taskmasters are juvenile, And women rule over them. My people, those guiding you are leading you astray, And they have subverted the way of your paths. |
are juvenile: or are brutish.
subverted ← swallowed. |
| Isa 3:13 | נִצָּ֥ב לָרִ֖יב יְהוָ֑ה וְעֹמֵ֖ד לָדִ֥ין עַמִּֽים׃ |
The Lord is poised to take issue, And he is taking a stand in judging various peoples. |
in judging: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 3:14 | יְהוָה֙ בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט יָב֔וֹא עִם־זִקְנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹ וְשָׂרָ֑יו וְאַתֶּם֙ בִּֽעַרְתֶּ֣ם הַכֶּ֔רֶם גְּזֵלַ֥ת הֶֽעָנִ֖י בְּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃ |
The Lord will enter into a judicial process With the elders of his people and their officials, For you have consumed the vineyard, And the plunder taken from the poor is in your houses. |
consumed ← burned. |
| Isa 3:15 | *מלכם **מַה־**לָּכֶם֙ תְּדַכְּא֣וּ עַמִּ֔י וּפְנֵ֥י עֲנִיִּ֖ים תִּטְחָ֑נוּ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ ס |
“What concern has it been to you Who tread my people down And grind down the dignity of the poor?” Says the Lord, The Lord of hosts. |
what ... to you: the ketiv is a contracted form of the qeré.
dignity ← face. |
| Isa 3:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֚עַן כִּ֤י גָֽבְהוּ֙ בְּנ֣וֹת צִיּ֔וֹן וַתֵּלַ֙כְנָה֙ *נטוות **נְטוּי֣וֹת גָּר֔וֹן וּֽמְשַׂקְּר֖וֹת עֵינָ֑יִם הָל֤וֹךְ וְטָפֹף֙ תֵּלַ֔כְנָה וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם תְּעַכַּֽסְנָה׃ |
And the Lord said, “Since the daughters of Zion have been haughty And have walked vaunting their throats And flirting with their eyes, Mincing along as they walk, And wearing anklets on their feet, |
vaunting: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
flirting: alternatively agreeing with eyes. mincing along as they walk ← going and mincing they go, with 2 infinitives absolute. |
| Isa 3:17 | וְשִׂפַּ֣ח אֲדֹנָ֔י קָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנ֣וֹת צִיּ֑וֹן וַיהוָ֖ה פָּתְהֵ֥ן יְעָרֶֽה׃ ס |
The Lord* will make the hair of the crown of the head of the daughters of Zion fall out, And the Lord will expose their nakedness. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
nakedness: or pudenda. |
| Isa 3:18 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יָסִ֣יר אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֣ת תִּפְאֶ֧רֶת הָעֲכָסִ֛ים וְהַשְּׁבִיסִ֖ים וְהַשַּׂהֲרֹנִֽים׃ |
On that day the Lord* will remove the adornment of anklets, And the sun-disks, And the moon-bangles, |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 3:19 | הַנְּטִיפ֥וֹת וְהַשֵּׁיר֖וֹת וְהָֽרְעָלֽוֹת׃ |
The pendants, and the bracelets, And the veils, |
|
| Isa 3:20 | הַפְּאֵרִ֤ים וְהַצְּעָדוֹת֙ וְהַקִּשֻּׁרִ֔ים וּבָתֵּ֥י הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ וְהַלְּחָשִֽׁים׃ |
The headdresses and the ankle-chains and the waistbands, And the perfume boxes, And the amulets, |
perfume boxes ← houses of the soul; [AnLx]= perfume boxes, [BDB]= vials of perfume. |
| Isa 3:21 | הַטַּבָּע֖וֹת וְנִזְמֵ֥י הָאָֽף׃ |
The rings on fingers and the noserings, |
|
| Isa 3:22 | הַמַּֽחֲלָצוֹת֙ וְהַמַּ֣עֲטָפ֔וֹת וְהַמִּטְפָּח֖וֹת וְהָחֲרִיטִֽים׃ |
The mantles and the fine coats, And the cloaks, And the purses, |
|
| Isa 3:23 | וְהַגִּלְיֹנִים֙ וְהַסְּדִינִ֔ים וְהַצְּנִיפ֖וֹת וְהָרְדִידִֽים׃ |
And the mirrors, And the linen underwear, And the turbans And the scarves. |
|
| Isa 3:24 | וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי׃ |
And it will come to pass That instead of perfume there will be rottenness, And instead of a girdle, a cord, And instead of hairstyling, baldness, And instead of an overcoat, a wrapping of sackcloth; Burn marks instead of beauty. |
cord: or bruising. AV differs (rent).
hairstyling ← work of plaiting. |
| Isa 3:25 | מְתַ֖יִךְ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֑לוּ וּגְבוּרָתֵ֖ךְ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Your men will fall by the sword, As will your military might in war. |
|
| Isa 3:26 | וְאָנ֥וּ וְאָבְל֖וּ פְּתָחֶ֑יהָ וְנִקָּ֖תָה לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּשֵֽׁב׃ |
And her gates will sigh and mourn, And she will be vacated And remain on the ground.” |
|
| Isa 4:1 | וְהֶחֱזִיקוּ֩ שֶׁ֨בַע נָשִׁ֜ים בְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לַחְמֵ֣נוּ נֹאכֵ֔ל וְשִׂמְלָתֵ֖נוּ נִלְבָּ֑שׁ רַ֗ק יִקָּרֵ֤א שִׁמְךָ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אֱסֹ֖ף חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
And on that day, Seven women will take hold of one man And will say, “We will eat our own bread, And we will wear our own clothing, Only let us be called by your name To remove our reproach.” |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
let us be called by your name ← let your name be called over us. our reproach: an objective genitive. |
| Isa 4:2 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ צֶ֣מַח יְהוָ֔ה לִצְבִ֖י וּלְכָב֑וֹד וּפְרִ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְגָא֣וֹן וּלְתִפְאֶ֔רֶת לִפְלֵיטַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
On that day the Lord's branch will be The source of beauty and of honour, And the fruit of the land Will demonstrate excellence and splendour To the escaped remnant of Israel. |
the source of ← for.
will demonstrate ← (be) for. |
| Isa 4:3 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הַנִּשְׁאָ֣ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם קָד֖וֹשׁ יֵאָ֣מֶר ל֑וֹ כָּל־הַכָּת֥וּב לַחַיִּ֖ים בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And it will come to pass that he who is left in Zion, and he who remains in Jerusalem, will be declared holy to him – everyone in Jerusalem who is written as destined for life, | |
| Isa 4:4 | אִ֣ם ׀ רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣ת בְּנוֹת־צִיּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽר׃ | when the Lord* washes away the excrement of the daughters of Zion and purges the blood of Jerusalem from its confines, with a spirit of judgment and with a spirit of burning. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
confines ← midst. |
| Isa 4:5 | וּבָרָ֣א יְהוָ֡ה עַל֩ כָּל־מְכ֨וֹן הַר־צִיּ֜וֹן וְעַל־מִקְרָאֶ֗הָ עָנָ֤ן ׀ יוֹמָם֙ וְעָשָׁ֔ן וְנֹ֛גַהּ אֵ֥שׁ לֶהָבָ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־כָּב֖וֹד חֻפָּֽה׃ | And the Lord will create over every dwelling place in Mount Zion, and over its assemblies, a cloud by day, and smoke, and a flaming fiery glow by night, for all glory will have a canopy over it. | flaming fiery glow ← a glow of fire of flame, Hebraic genitives. |
| Isa 4:6 | וְסֻכָּ֛ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְצֵל־יוֹמָ֖ם מֵחֹ֑רֶב וּלְמַחְסֶה֙ וּלְמִסְתּ֔וֹר מִזֶּ֖רֶם וּמִמָּטָֽר׃ פ | But there will be a booth as a shade from the heat, and as a shelter and refuge from storm and rain. | booth: as in the Festival of Tabernacles (Lev 23:34). Perhaps here a more solid pavilion. |
| Isa 5:1 | אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דּוֹדִ֖י לְכַרְמ֑וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִֽידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃ |
Let me now sing to my lover The song of my loved one about his vineyard. My lover had a vineyard On a fertile hilltop. |
fertile ← son of fatness.
hilltop ← horn. |
| Isa 5:2 | וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֙הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתוֹכ֔וֹ וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַ֛ו לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃ |
And he dug it and cleared it of stones, And he planted it with a choice vine, And he built a tower in the middle of it, And he also hewed out a wine vat in it. And he expected it to produce good grapes, But it produced blighted ones. |
produce ... produced ← make ... made.
blighted: or stinking, or sour. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 5:3 | וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃ |
So now, O inhabitant of Jerusalem, And men of Judah, Please judge between me and my vineyard. |
men ← man. |
| Isa 5:4 | מַה־לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת עוֹד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃ |
What more was there to do to my vineyard That I didn't do in it? How is it that I expected it to produce good grapes, But it produced blighted ones? |
blighted: see Isa 5:2. |
| Isa 5:5 | וְעַתָּה֙ אוֹדִֽיעָה־נָּ֣א אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֖ה לְכַרְמִ֑י הָסֵ֤ר מְשׂוּכָּתוֹ֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֔ר פָּרֹ֥ץ גְּדֵר֖וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְמִרְמָֽס׃ |
So now let me make known to you what I am about to do to my vineyard. I will remove its hedge, And it will be consigned to burning; And I will tear down its wall, And it will become a place trodden down. |
I will remove ... I will tear down: both infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Isa 5:6 | וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃ |
And I will make it a desolate place, Where it is not pruned or hoed, And the briar and thorn will come up. And I will command the rainclouds Not to precipitate rain on it. |
desolate place ← cutting up. |
| Isa 5:7 | כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃ ס |
For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts Is the house of Israel, And the men of Judah Are his delightful plantation. And he expected justice But what came was bloodshed; And righteousness, But what came was crying out. |
but what came was (2x) ← and behold. |
| Isa 5:8 | ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Woe to those who join house to house, And who adjoin field to field, Until there is no room, And you are housed on your own, In the middle of the land. |
you are housed: AV differs (they may be placed). |
| Isa 5:9 | בְּאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־לֹ֞א בָּתִּ֤ים רַבִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה יִֽהְי֔וּ גְּדֹלִ֥ים וְטוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
In my ear, the Lord of hosts said, “Many houses will certainly become a desolation – Large ones and good ones – For want of an occupant. |
ear ← ears.
will certainly become ← if they do not become. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Isa 5:10 | כִּ֗י עֲשֶׂ֙רֶת֙ צִמְדֵּי־כֶ֔רֶם יַעֲשׂ֖וּ בַּ֣ת אֶחָ֑ת וְזֶ֥רַע חֹ֖מֶר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֵיפָֽה׃ פ |
For ten times what a yoke of oxen plough in a day in a vineyard Will yield one bath, And seed for a homer Will yield one ephah.” |
bath: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
homer: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Isa 5:11 | ה֛וֹי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃ |
Woe to those who get up early in the morning And go looking for strong drink; They stay up until late in the night, While wine inflames them. |
go looking for ← pursue. |
| Isa 5:12 | וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃ |
And there will be at their banquets The harp and the lute, The drum and the pipe, and wine, But they do not have respect for the Lord's deeds, And they do not regard the work of his hands, |
but they do not have respect (etc.): compare with Ps 28:5.
deeds ← deed, but also collective usage, activity, operation. |
| Isa 5:13 | לָכֵ֛ן גָּלָ֥ה עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִי־דָ֑עַת וּכְבוֹדוֹ֙ מְתֵ֣י רָעָ֔ב וַהֲמוֹנ֖וֹ צִחֵ֥ה צָמָֽא׃ |
Which is why my people have gone into captivity, For want of knowledge. And what was its glory Is now hungry men, And what was its populousness Is now thirsty dryness. |
hungry men ... thirsty dryness ← men of hunger ... dryness of thirst, Hebraic genitives. |
| Isa 5:14 | לָכֵ֗ן הִרְחִ֤יבָה שְּׁאוֹל֙ נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּפָעֲרָ֥ה פִ֖יהָ לִבְלִי־חֹ֑ק וְיָרַ֨ד הֲדָרָ֧הּ וַהֲמוֹנָ֛הּ וּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּ וְעָלֵ֥ז בָּֽהּ׃ |
That is why the grave has opened itself wide And distended its mouth without limit, And their glory and their many people, and their bustling, And he who is joyful Will descend into it. |
itself ← its soul.
limit ← statute, but also limit. their (3x) ← her. Perhaps a reference to Jerusalem (Isa 5:3), or, as [CB] probably intended, to indicate that the nouns belong to the grave. |
| Isa 5:15 | וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃ |
A man is made low, And a person is humbled, And the eyes of the arrogant will be brought down, |
brought down ← humbled. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 5:16 | וַיִּגְבַּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהָאֵל֙ הַקָּד֔וֹשׁ נִקְדָּ֖שׁ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
But the Lord of hosts is exalted by justice, And holy God is sanctified by righteousness. |
|
| Isa 5:17 | וְרָע֥וּ כְבָשִׂ֖ים כְּדָבְרָ֑ם וְחָרְב֥וֹת מֵחִ֖ים גָּרִ֥ים יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
And lambs will feed according to what pasture they have, And foreigners will eat from the desolate places of the well-fed. |
well-fed ← fat. |
| Isa 5:18 | ה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶֽעָוֺ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃ |
Woe to those who pull iniquity along With cords of vanity, And sinfulness, As if with a cart-rope, |
pull iniquity along ← draw iniquity out. |
| Isa 5:19 | הָאֹמְרִ֗ים יְמַהֵ֧ר ׀ יָחִ֛ישָׁה מַעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ לְמַ֣עַן נִרְאֶ֑ה וְתִקְרַ֣ב וְתָב֗וֹאָה עֲצַ֛ת קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֵדָֽעָה׃ ס |
Who say, “Let his work come quickly, Let it hasten so we can see it, And let the counsel of the holy one of Israel draw near and arrive So we can acknowledge it.” |
come quickly ... hasten: these verbs could be taken transitively, let him expedite ... hasten (his work). |
| Isa 5:20 | ה֣וֹי הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לָרַ֛ע ט֖וֹב וְלַטּ֣וֹב רָ֑ע שָׂמִ֨ים חֹ֤שֶׁךְ לְאוֹר֙ וְא֣וֹר לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ שָׂמִ֥ים מַ֛ר לְמָת֖וֹק וּמָת֥וֹק לְמָֽר׃ ס |
Woe to those who call bad good, And good bad, Substituting darkness for light, And light for darkness, Substituting bitter for sweet, And sweet for bitter. |
|
| Isa 5:21 | ה֖וֹי חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְנֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם נְבֹנִֽים׃ |
Woe to the wise in their own eyes, And the intelligent in their own opinion. |
their own opinion ← against their own faces. |
| Isa 5:22 | ה֕וֹי גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים לִשְׁתּ֣וֹת יָ֑יִן וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לִמְסֹ֥ךְ שֵׁכָֽר׃ |
Woe to the champions in drinking liquor, And the masters in mixing strong drink, |
masters ← men of might.
in drinking ... in mixing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 5:23 | מַצְדִּיקֵ֥י רָשָׁ֖ע עֵ֣קֶב שֹׁ֑חַד וְצִדְקַ֥ת צַדִּיקִ֖ים יָסִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס |
And those who justify the wicked for a bribe, But as for the justice of the righteous, They deny him it. |
deny him it ← remove (it) from him. |
| Isa 5:24 | לָכֵן֩ כֶּאֱכֹ֨ל קַ֜שׁ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֵ֗שׁ וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ לֶֽהָבָה֙ יִרְפֶּ֔ה שָׁרְשָׁם֙ כַּמָּ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וּפִרְחָ֖ם כָּאָבָ֣ק יַעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֣י מָאֲס֗וּ אֵ֚ת תּוֹרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אִמְרַ֥ת קְדֽוֹשׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִאֵֽצוּ׃ |
That is why as a tongue of fire consumes the stubble, And the hay collapses before the flame. Their root will be rotten, And their blossoms will appear like dust, For they have rejected the law of the Lord of hosts, And they have despised the words of the holy one of Israel. |
rotten ← like rottenness.
appear ← come up. words ← word, saying. |
| Isa 5:25 | עַל־כֵּ֡ן חָרָה֩ אַף־יְהוָ֨ה בְּעַמּ֜וֹ וַיֵּ֣ט יָד֧וֹ עָלָ֣יו וַיַּכֵּ֗הוּ וַֽיִּרְגְּזוּ֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וַתְּהִ֧י נִבְלָתָ֛ם כַּסּוּחָ֖ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב חוּצ֑וֹת בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ |
This is why the Lord's anger is kindled against his people, And why he stretched out his hand against them and struck them, And the mountains stood in awe, And their corpses were like the filth in the middle of the open places. Yet for all this, His anger is not receding, And his hand is still stretched out. |
his people: singular, with singular pronouns following in the Hebrew, but translated in the plural.
filth: or sweepings. |
| Isa 5:26 | וְנָֽשָׂא־נֵ֤ס לַגּוֹיִם֙ מֵרָח֔וֹק וְשָׁ֥רַק ל֖וֹ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְהֵרָ֖ה קַ֥ל יָבֽוֹא׃ |
And he will raise a banner to the Gentiles from afar off, And he will whistle for them from the end of the earth, And behold, they will come With haste and speed. |
|
| Isa 5:27 | אֵין־עָיֵ֤ף וְאֵין־כּוֹשֵׁל֙ בּ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יָנ֖וּם וְלֹ֣א יִישָׁ֑ן וְלֹ֤א נִפְתַּח֙ אֵז֣וֹר חֲלָצָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א נִתַּ֖ק שְׂר֥וֹךְ נְעָלָֽיו׃ |
There is no-one weary, and no-one stumbles among them; They do not slumber and do not sleep, And the girdle around their waist does not come loose, And the fastening of their shoes does not come undone. |
girdle around ← girdle of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 5:28 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר חִצָּיו֙ שְׁנוּנִ֔ים וְכָל־קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖יו דְּרֻכ֑וֹת פַּרְס֤וֹת סוּסָיו֙ כַּצַּ֣ר נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ וְגַלְגִּלָּ֖יו כַּסּוּפָֽה׃ |
And their arrows are sharp, And all their bows are drawn, And the hoofs of their horses are considered as flint, And their chariot wheels are like a hurricane. |
|
| Isa 5:29 | שְׁאָגָ֥ה ל֖וֹ כַּלָּבִ֑יא *ושאג **יִשְׁאַ֨ג כַּכְּפִירִ֤ים וְיִנְהֹם֙ וְיֹאחֵ֣ז טֶ֔רֶף וְיַפְלִ֖יט וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
They have a roar like a lion, {Q: And they roar} [K: And their roar is] like lion cubs, And they growl and seize prey, And they make off with it, And there is no-one to rescue it. |
|
| Isa 5:30 | וְיִנְהֹ֥ם עָלָ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּנַהֲמַת־יָ֑ם וְנִבַּ֤ט לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ צַ֣ר וָא֔וֹר חָשַׁ֖ךְ בַּעֲרִיפֶֽיהָ׃ פ |
But he will roar at them on that day, Like the roaring of the sea. And if one looks at the earth, There will be darkness and distress, And the light will be made dark By its overclouding. |
he will roar: AV differs (they shall roar). We take “on that day” as referring to the day of the Lord (Zech 12 etc.).
roar ... roaring ← growl ... growling, not the usual word for the roaring of a lion, but the context requires roar. there will be ← behold. its overclouding: i.e. the earth's overclouding. |
| Isa 6:1 | בִּשְׁנַת־מוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וָאֶרְאֶ֧ה אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֖א רָ֣ם וְנִשָּׂ֑א וְשׁוּלָ֖יו מְלֵאִ֥ים אֶת־הַהֵיכָֽל׃ | In the year of the death of King Uzziah, I saw the Lord* sitting on a throne, high and exalted, and his robe-train filled the temple. | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 6:2 | שְׂרָפִ֨ים עֹמְדִ֤ים ׀ מִמַּ֙עַל֙ ל֔וֹ שֵׁ֧שׁ כְּנָפַ֛יִם שֵׁ֥שׁ כְּנָפַ֖יִם לְאֶחָ֑ד בִּשְׁתַּ֣יִם ׀ יְכַסֶּ֣ה פָנָ֗יו וּבִשְׁתַּ֛יִם יְכַסֶּ֥ה רַגְלָ֖יו וּבִשְׁתַּ֥יִם יְעוֹפֵֽף׃ | Seraphim were standing around him, each having six wings. With two each covered his face, and with two each covered his feet, and with two each flew. |
around ← above, but see [BDB] p.759, and 2 Chr 26:19.
him: or it, as AV. So AV differs. |
| Isa 6:3 | וְקָרָ֨א זֶ֤ה אֶל־זֶה֙ וְאָמַ֔ר קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
And one called to another and said,
“Holy, holy, holy, Is the Lord of hosts. His glory is the fulness Of all the earth.” |
Rev 4:8. |
| Isa 6:4 | וַיָּנֻ֙עוּ֙ אַמּ֣וֹת הַסִּפִּ֔ים מִקּ֖וֹל הַקּוֹרֵ֑א וְהַבַּ֖יִת יִמָּלֵ֥א עָשָֽׁן׃ | And the bases of the thresholds moved at the sound of the one calling, and the house became filled with smoke. | Rev 15:8. |
| Isa 6:5 | וָאֹמַ֞ר אֽוֹי־לִ֣י כִֽי־נִדְמֵ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ טְמֵֽא־שְׂפָתַ֙יִם֙ אָנֹ֔כִי וּבְתוֹךְ֙ עַם־טְמֵ֣א שְׂפָתַ֔יִם אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֑ב כִּ֗י אֶת־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת רָא֥וּ עֵינָֽי׃ |
Then I said,
“Woe is me, For I am reduced to silence, For I am a man of unclean lips, And I live among a people of unclean lips, For my eyes have seen the king – The Lord of hosts.” |
woe is ← woe to.
reduced to silence: or ruined. [AnLx], [BDB], [ST], [Ges-HCL] only recognize the reduce to silence sense in qal, not niphal, but the context of lips militates for reduced to silence. |
| Isa 6:6 | וַיָּ֣עָף אֵלַ֗י אֶחָד֙ מִן־הַשְּׂרָפִ֔ים וּבְיָד֖וֹ רִצְפָּ֑ה בְּמֶ֨לְקַחַ֔יִם לָקַ֖ח מֵעַ֥ל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | And one of the Seraphim flew towards me, in whose hand was a hot coal in tongs, which he had taken from the altar. | |
| Isa 6:7 | וַיַּגַּ֣ע עַל־פִּ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֛ה נָגַ֥ע זֶ֖ה עַל־שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ וְסָ֣ר עֲוֺנֶ֔ךָ וְחַטָּאתְךָ֖ תְּכֻפָּֽר׃ |
And he brought it in contact with my mouth, and he said,
“Look, this has touched your lips, And your iniquity has departed, And your sin has been expiated.” |
|
| Isa 6:8 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֞ע אֶת־ק֤וֹל אֲדֹנָי֙ אֹמֵ֔ר אֶת־מִ֥י אֶשְׁלַ֖ח וּמִ֣י יֵֽלֶךְ־לָ֑נוּ וָאֹמַ֖ר הִנְנִ֥י שְׁלָחֵֽנִי׃ |
And I heard the voice of the Lord*, who said,
“Whom shall I send, And who will go on our behalf?” And I said, “Here I am; send me.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Isa 6:9 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֵ֥ךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמ֙וֹעַ֙ וְאַל־תָּבִ֔ינוּ וּרְא֥וּ רָא֖וֹ וְאַל־תֵּדָֽעוּ׃ |
And he said,
“Go and say to this people, ‘You will definitely hear But certainly not understand, And you will definitely see But certainly not discern. |
Matt 13:14, Mark 4:12, Luke 8:10, John 12:40, Acts 28:26, Rom 11:8.
definitely hear ... definitely see: both infinitive absolute. certainly not (2x): strong negation, the negating particle also being used for prohibitions. |
| Isa 6:10 | הַשְׁמֵן֙ לֵב־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאָזְנָ֥יו הַכְבֵּ֖ד וְעֵינָ֣יו הָשַׁ֑ע פֶּן־יִרְאֶ֨ה בְעֵינָ֜יו וּבְאָזְנָ֣יו יִשְׁמָ֗ע וּלְבָב֥וֹ יָבִ֛ין וָשָׁ֖ב וְרָ֥פָא לֽוֹ׃ |
Make the heart of this people obtuse, And make their ears dull, And cover their eyes, Lest they should see with their eyes, Or hear with their ears, And their heart would understand, And they would come back, And it would heal them.’ ” |
Matt 13:15, Mark 4:12, Luke 8:10, John 12:40, Acts 28:27.
obtuse ← fat. dull ← heavy. cover their eyes: from root שׁעע. Or turn their eyes away, from root שׁעה. The imperatives in this verse could ↴ |
| Isa 6:11 | וָאֹמַ֕ר עַד־מָתַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר֩ אִם־שָׁא֨וּ עָרִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֗ב וּבָתִּים֙ מֵאֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְהָאֲדָמָ֖ה תִּשָּׁאֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃ |
Then I said, “For how long is it, Lord*?” And he said,
“Until the cities have become desolate, For want of an inhabitant, And houses, for want of a man, And the ground will be laid waste in desolation. |
↳ conceivably be taken as cases of infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb (has become obtuse ... have made dull ... cover).
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 6:12 | וְרִחַ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֑ם וְרַבָּ֥ה הָעֲזוּבָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And the Lord will put man at a distance, And the abandonment within the land will be great. |
|
| Isa 6:13 | וְע֥וֹד בָּהּ֙ עֲשִׂ֣רִיָּ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בָה וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֑ר כָּאֵלָ֣ה וְכָאַלּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׁלֶּ֙כֶת֙ מַצֶּ֣בֶת בָּ֔ם זֶ֥רַע קֹ֖דֶשׁ מַצַּבְתָּֽהּ׃ פ |
But there will still be a tenth in it, For that tenth will return, But it will be ravaged. Yet just as the terebinth and the oak After felling retain a stump, So shall the holy seed be, as its stump.” |
for ... but: wider use of the vav.
ravaged ← for consuming. holy seed ← seed of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 7:1 | וַיְהִ֡י בִּימֵ֣י אָ֠חָז בֶּן־יוֹתָ֨ם בֶּן־עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה עָלָ֣ה רְצִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲ֠רָם וּפֶ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֥א יָכֹ֖ל לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, the king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Aramaea, with Pekah the son of Remaliah, the king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem in a war against it, but he could not prevail against it. | prevail ← fight (successfully). |
| Isa 7:2 | וַיֻּגַּ֗ד לְבֵ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נָ֥חָֽה אֲרָ֖ם עַל־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֤נַע לְבָבוֹ֙ וּלְבַ֣ב עַמּ֔וֹ כְּנ֥וֹעַ עֲצֵי־יַ֖עַר מִפְּנֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ | And it was reported to the house of David as follows: “Aramaea has taken up a position in Ephraim.” And his heart and the heart of his people were moved, like the movement of the trees of the forest by the wind. |
as follows ← saying.
taken up a position ← alighted, rested. |
| Isa 7:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶֽל־יְשַׁעְיָהוּ֒ צֵא־נָא֙ לִקְרַ֣את אָחָ֔ז אַתָּ֕ה וּשְׁאָ֖ר יָשׁ֣וּב בְּנֶ֑ךָ אֶל־קְצֵ֗ה תְּעָלַת֙ הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הָעֶלְיוֹנָ֔ה אֶל־מְסִלַּ֖ת שְׂדֵ֥ה כוֹבֵֽס׃ | And the Lord said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you and Shear-Jashub your son, at the end of the conduit at the upper pool, to the road of the fuller's field, | |
| Isa 7:4 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵ֠לָיו הִשָּׁמֵ֨ר וְהַשְׁקֵ֜ט אַל־תִּירָ֗א וּלְבָבְךָ֙ אַל־יֵרַ֔ךְ מִשְּׁנֵ֨י זַנְב֧וֹת הָאוּדִ֛ים הָעֲשֵׁנִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בָּחֳרִי־אַ֛ף רְצִ֥ין וַאֲרָ֖ם וּבֶן־רְמַלְיָֽהוּ׃ | and say to him, ‘Take care, and keep quiet. Do not fear and do not become faint-hearted at these two tails of smoking firebrands, at the burning anger of Rezin and Aramaea and the son of Remaliah, | become faint-hearted ← let your heart faint. |
| Isa 7:5 | יַ֗עַן כִּֽי־יָעַ֥ץ עָלֶ֛יךָ אֲרָ֖ם רָעָ֑ה אֶפְרַ֥יִם וּבֶן־רְמַלְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | in that Aramaea has taken evil counsel against you, with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, saying, | |
| Isa 7:6 | נַעֲלֶ֤ה בִֽיהוּדָה֙ וּנְקִיצֶ֔נָּה וְנַבְקִעֶ֖נָּה אֵלֵ֑ינוּ וְנַמְלִ֥יךְ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ אֵ֖ת בֶּן־טָֽבְאַֽל׃ ס | «Let us go up into Judah and besiege it and divide it among ourselves and appoint a king in it – the son of Tabeal.» | among ← to. |
| Isa 7:7 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה לֹ֥א תָק֖וּם וְלֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶֽה׃ |
This is what my Lord the Lord, says:
«It will not arise And it will not come to pass. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 7:8 | כִּ֣י רֹ֤אשׁ אֲרָם֙ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְרֹ֥אשׁ דַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק רְצִ֑ין וּבְע֗וֹד שִׁשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה יֵחַ֥ת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעָֽם׃ |
For the head of Aramaea is Damascus, And the head of Damascus is Rezin, And in sixty-five years' time, Ephraim will be severed from being a people. |
severed ← broken. |
| Isa 7:9 | וְרֹ֤אשׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ שֹׁמְר֔וֹן וְרֹ֥אשׁ שֹׁמְר֖וֹן בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֑הוּ אִ֚ם לֹ֣א תַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּ֖י לֹ֥א תֵאָמֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, And the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. If your faith does not hold up, You will not be upheld.» ’ ” |
if your faith does not hold up ... you will not be upheld ← if you do not believe, you will not be believed / established; the figure of speech is adnominatio or paronomasia. |
| Isa 7:10 | וַיּ֣וֹסֶף יְהוָ֔ה דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶל־אָחָ֖ז לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Ahaz again and said, | |
| Isa 7:11 | שְׁאַל־לְךָ֣ א֔וֹת מֵעִ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ הַעְמֵ֣ק שְׁאָ֔לָה א֖וֹ הַגְבֵּ֥הַּ לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | “Ask for a sign for yourself from the Lord your God. Make the request profound or make it soaringly high.” | soaringly ← upwards. |
| Isa 7:12 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָחָ֑ז לֹא־אֶשְׁאַ֥ל וְלֹֽא־אֲנַסֶּ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, and I will not test the Lord.” | |
| Isa 7:13 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֖א בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד הַמְעַ֤ט מִכֶּם֙ הַלְא֣וֹת אֲנָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י תַלְא֖וּ גַּ֥ם אֶת־אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | Then Isaiah said, “Listen now, O house of David. Is it a small matter to you to weary men? For you are also wearying my God. | |
| Isa 7:14 | לָ֠כֵן יִתֵּ֨ן אֲדֹנָ֥י ה֛וּא לָכֶ֖ם א֑וֹת הִנֵּ֣ה הָעַלְמָ֗ה הָרָה֙ וְיֹלֶ֣דֶת בֵּ֔ן וְקָרָ֥את שְׁמ֖וֹ עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל׃ | Therefore the Lord* himself will give you a sign. Behold, a virgin will conceive and bear a son, and she will call him Immanuel. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
Matt 1:23. virgin ← the virgin. Although there is another word for virgin (בְּתוּלָה), it is inconceivable that this word (עַלְמָה), implying marriageability, should not also imply virginity, considering God's strict laws in place and the necessarily miraculous nature of the sign. she will call: in an Aramaic form. Immanuel: God with us. |
| Isa 7:15 | חֶמְאָ֥ה וּדְבַ֖שׁ יֹאכֵ֑ל לְדַעְתּ֛וֹ מָא֥וֹס בָּרָ֖ע וּבָח֥וֹר בַּטּֽוֹב׃ | He will eat curds and honey, for him to know to reject evil and to choose good. | to reject ... to choose: both infinitive absolute, according to [Ges-HG] §113 emphasizing an idea in the abstract. |
| Isa 7:16 | כִּ֠י בְּטֶ֨רֶם יֵדַ֥ע הַנַּ֛עַר מָאֹ֥ס בָּרָ֖ע וּבָחֹ֣ר בַּטּ֑וֹב תֵּעָזֵ֤ב הָאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה קָ֔ץ מִפְּנֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י מְלָכֶֽיהָ׃ | For before the boy knows to reject evil and choose good, the land which you loathe will be deserted by its two kings. | |
| Isa 7:17 | יָבִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה עָלֶ֗יךָ וְעַֽל־עַמְּךָ֮ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִיךָ֒ יָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־בָ֔אוּ לְמִיּ֥וֹם סוּר־אֶפְרַ֖יִם מֵעַ֣ל יְהוּדָ֑ה אֵ֖ת מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ פ | The Lord will bring on you and on your people and on the house of your father days which have not come before, since the day when Ephraim departed from Judah allying himself with the king of Assyria. | with the king: AV differs (even the king). We take the word אֵת as sociative; the AV as accusative. |
| Isa 7:18 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִשְׁרֹ֤ק יְהוָה֙ לַזְּב֔וּב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּקְצֵ֖ה יְאֹרֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלַ֨דְּבוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the Lord will whistle for the fly Which is at the far end of the River of Egypt, And for the bee Which is in the land of Assyria. |
|
| Isa 7:19 | וּבָ֨אוּ וְנָח֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ בְּנַחֲלֵ֣י הַבַּתּ֔וֹת וּבִנְקִיקֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִ֑ים וּבְכֹל֙ הַנַּ֣עֲצוּצִ֔ים וּבְכֹ֖ל הַנַּהֲלֹלִֽים׃ |
And they will all come and settle In the watercourses of the ravines, And the fissures in the rocks, And in all the thorn bushes And in all the pasture lands. |
settle ← rest. |
| Isa 7:20 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יְגַלַּ֣ח אֲדֹנָי֩ בְּתַ֨עַר הַשְּׂכִירָ֜ה בְּעֶבְרֵ֤י נָהָר֙ בְּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר אֶת־הָרֹ֖אשׁ וְשַׂ֣עַר הָרַגְלָ֑יִם וְגַ֥ם אֶת־הַזָּקָ֖ן תִּסְפֶּֽה׃ ס |
On that day, the Lord* will shave with a razor – With the hired company on the far side of the river – With the king of Assyria, Shaving the head and the hair on the feet, And it will also remove the beard. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 7:21 | וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא יְחַיֶּה־אִ֛ישׁ עֶגְלַ֥ת בָּקָ֖ר וּשְׁתֵּי־צֹֽאן׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That a man will keep a heifer and two sheep, |
keep ← keep alive. |
| Isa 7:22 | וְהָיָ֗ה מֵרֹ֛ב עֲשׂ֥וֹת חָלָ֖ב יֹאכַ֣ל חֶמְאָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶמְאָ֤ה וּדְבַשׁ֙ יֹאכֵ֔ל כָּל־הַנּוֹתָ֖ר בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And it will come to pass, From the high yield of the production of milk, That he will eat curds. For everyone who remains in the land Will eat curds and honey. |
|
| Isa 7:23 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִֽהְיֶ֣ה כָל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֛ם אֶ֥לֶף גֶּ֖פֶן בְּאֶ֣לֶף כָּ֑סֶף לַשָּׁמִ֥יר וְלַשַּׁ֖יִת יִֽהְיֶֽה׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That in every place where there were a thousand vineyards for a thousand pieces of silver, It will be consigned to briars and thorns. |
|
| Isa 7:24 | בַּחִצִּ֥ים וּבַקֶּ֖שֶׁת יָ֣בוֹא שָׁ֑מָּה כִּי־שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
With arrows and the bow one will go there, For all the land will be briars and thorns. |
|
| Isa 7:25 | וְכֹ֣ל הֶהָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּן לֹֽא־תָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה יִרְאַ֖ת שָׁמִ֣יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְהָיָה֙ לְמִשְׁלַ֣ח שׁ֔וֹר וּלְמִרְמַ֖ס שֶֽׂה׃ פ |
And as for all the mountains which had been hoed with a hoe, You shall not go there, For fear of briars and thorns. And it will be a place to drive oxen to, And for sheep to tread down.” |
you shall not go there: AV differs (there shall not come thither). |
| Isa 8:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י קַח־לְךָ֖ גִּלָּי֣וֹן גָּד֑וֹל וּכְתֹ֤ב עָלָיו֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶט אֱנ֔וֹשׁ לְמַהֵ֥ר שָׁלָ֖ל חָ֥שׁ בַּֽז׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Get yourself a large tablet, and write on it with a stylus of a common man, for Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz.” | Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz: i.e. quick-spoil-haste-plunder. |
| Isa 8:2 | וְאָעִ֣ידָה לִּ֔י עֵדִ֖ים נֶאֱמָנִ֑ים אֵ֚ת אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־זְכַרְיָ֖הוּ בֶּ֥ן יְבֶרֶכְיָֽהוּ׃ | And I took faithful witnesses to be witnesses for me: Uriah the priest and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah. | |
| Isa 8:3 | וָאֶקְרַב֙ אֶל־הַנְּבִיאָ֔ה וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י קְרָ֣א שְׁמ֔וֹ מַהֵ֥ר שָׁלָ֖ל חָ֥שׁ בַּֽז׃ | And I approached the prophetess, and she conceived and bore a son, and the Lord said to me, “Call him Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz. | |
| Isa 8:4 | כִּ֗י בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ יֵדַ֣ע הַנַּ֔עַר קְרֹ֖א אָבִ֣י וְאִמִּ֑י יִשָּׂ֣א ׀ אֶת־חֵ֣יל דַּמֶּ֗שֶׂק וְאֵת֙ שְׁלַ֣ל שֹׁמְר֔וֹן לִפְנֵ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ ס | For before the boy knows how to shout, ‘My father’, or, ‘My mother’, an army will carry away the wealth of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria in the presence of the king of Assyria.” | |
| Isa 8:5 | וַיֹּ֣סֶף יְהוָ֔ה דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י ע֖וֹד לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The Lord spoke to me yet again and said, | |
| Isa 8:6 | יַ֗עַן כִּ֤י מָאַס֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֵ֚ת מֵ֣י הַשִּׁלֹ֔חַ הַהֹלְכִ֖ים לְאַ֑ט וּמְשׂ֥וֹשׂ אֶת־רְצִ֖ין וּבֶן־רְמַלְיָֽהוּ׃ |
“Since this people rejects the waters of Shiloah, Which flow gently, And rejoices in Rezin and the son of Remaliah, |
flow ← go.
gently ← slowly. rejoices in ← (there is) rejoicing with. |
| Isa 8:7 | וְלָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּ֣ה אֲדֹנָי֩ מַעֲלֶ֨ה עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַנָּהָ֗ר הָעֲצוּמִים֙ וְהָ֣רַבִּ֔ים אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְעָלָה֙ עַל־כָּל־אֲפִיקָ֔יו וְהָלַ֖ךְ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃ |
You will see the Lord* bringing up over them The mighty and massive waters of the river – The king of Assyria and all his glory – And he will come up through all his channels And overflow all his banks. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
you will see ← behold. |
| Isa 8:8 | וְחָלַ֤ף בִּֽיהוּדָה֙ שָׁטַ֣ף וְעָבַ֔ר עַד־צַוָּ֖אר יַגִּ֑יעַ וְהָיָה֙ מֻטּ֣וֹת כְּנָפָ֔יו מְלֹ֥א רֹֽחַב־אַרְצְךָ֖ עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל׃ ס |
And he will pass through Judah, Inundating and crossing through, Coming up to the neck. And he will spread his wings Over the full width of your land, Immanuel. |
he will spread his wings ← and it will be spreading out of his wings. |
| Isa 8:9 | רֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃ |
Do harm, you various peoples, And come to harm. So listen, all you distant parts of the earth, Gird yourselves, And come to harm, Gird yourselves, And come to harm. |
do harm ... gird yourselves ... gird yourselves: ironic. AV differs for the first verb (associate yourselves), taking it from a different root (רעה against our רעע). |
| Isa 8:10 | עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר דַּבְּר֤וּ דָבָר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָק֔וּם כִּ֥י עִמָּ֖נוּ אֵֽל׃ ס |
Take counsel, But it will be frustrated. Speak a word, But it will not stand, For God is with us.” |
take counsel ... speak a word: ironic. |
| Isa 8:11 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י כְּחֶזְקַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ד וְיִסְּרֵ֕נִי מִלֶּ֛כֶת בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | For this is what the Lord said to me, as a shot in the arm, and he warned me against walking in the way of this people and said, |
this is what ← thus.
a shot in the arm ← strengthening of the hand. |
| Isa 8:12 | לֹא־תֹאמְר֣וּן קֶ֔שֶׁר לְכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמַ֛ר הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה קָ֑שֶׁר וְאֶת־מוֹרָא֥וֹ לֹֽא־תִֽירְא֖וּ וְלֹ֥א תַעֲרִֽיצוּ׃ |
“You shall not say, ‘A conspiracy’, To everything where the people say, ‘A conspiracy.’ And do not fear their fearsomeness, And do not be afraid. |
1 Pet 3:14.
you: plural. their fearsomeness: i.e. their show of being fearsome, a subjective genitive, relating to causing fear. Compare the next verse. |
| Isa 8:13 | אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֹת֣וֹ תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ וְה֥וּא מוֹרַאֲכֶ֖ם וְה֥וּא מַֽעֲרִֽצְכֶֽם׃ |
Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself, For he is to be your fearfulness, And he is to be your trepidation. |
1 Pet 3:15.
your fearfulness: a subjective genitive of feeling fear, which is why we choose a different but cognate word in this verse compared with fearsomeness above. |
| Isa 8:14 | וְהָיָ֖ה לְמִקְדָּ֑שׁ וּלְאֶ֣בֶן נֶ֠גֶף וּלְצ֨וּר מִכְשׁ֜וֹל לִשְׁנֵ֨י בָתֵּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְפַ֣ח וּלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ לְיוֹשֵׁ֖ב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
And he will become a sanctuary, But a stumbling block and a rock of offence To the two houses of Israel, And a trap and a snare To the inhabitants of Jerusalem. |
Rom 9:33, 1 Pet 2:8.
but: adversative use of the vav. block ← stone. |
| Isa 8:15 | וְכָ֥שְׁלוּ בָ֖ם רַבִּ֑ים וְנָפְל֣וּ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃ ס |
And many will stumble at them, And they will fall and be broken, And be ensnared and be caught. |
Matt 24:10. |
| Isa 8:16 | צ֖וֹר תְּעוּדָ֑ה חֲת֥וֹם תּוֹרָ֖ה בְּלִמֻּדָֽי׃ |
Bind up the testimony; Seal the law among those who learn from me.” |
those who learn from me ← my learners. |
| Isa 8:17 | וְחִכִּ֙יתִי֙ לַיהוָ֔ה הַמַּסְתִּ֥יר פָּנָ֖יו מִבֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְקִוֵּ֖יתִֽי־לֽוֹ׃ |
And I will wait for the Lord, Who is hiding his face from the house of Jacob, And I will confide in him. |
|
| Isa 8:18 | הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֗י וְהַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָֽתַן־לִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְאֹת֥וֹת וּלְמוֹפְתִ֖ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מֵעִם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הַשֹּׁכֵ֖ן בְּהַ֥ר צִיּֽוֹן׃ ס |
Here am I, And the children whom the Lord has given me, As signs and as miracles in Israel From the Lord of hosts, Who dwells in Mount Zion. |
Heb 2:13.
here am I ← behold me. |
| Isa 8:19 | וְכִֽי־יֹאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיכֶ֗ם דִּרְשׁ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבוֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים הַֽמְצַפְצְפִ֖ים וְהַמַּהְגִּ֑ים הֲלוֹא־עַם֙ אֶל־אֱלֹהָ֣יו יִדְרֹ֔שׁ בְּעַ֥ד הַחַיִּ֖ים אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃ | “Now when they say to you, ‘Seek the necromancers and the wizards, who whisper and who mutter’, and say, ‘Should not a people seek their God? Does one really turn to the dead for the benefit of the living?’ | |
| Isa 8:20 | לְתוֹרָ֖ה וְלִתְעוּדָ֑ה אִם־לֹ֤א יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֖וֹ שָֽׁחַר׃ | If they do not speak in accordance with the law and the testimony – so these words – it is because they do not have a glimmer of reason. |
these words ← this word / discourse.
glimmer ← dawn. |
| Isa 8:21 | וְעָ֥בַר בָּ֖הּ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה וְרָעֵ֑ב וְהָיָ֨ה כִֽי־יִרְעַ֜ב וְהִתְקַצַּ֗ף וְקִלֵּ֧ל בְּמַלְכּ֛וֹ וּבֵאלֹהָ֖יו וּפָנָ֥ה לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And one will pass through the land suffering hardship, and hungry, and it will come to pass when he is hungry that he will become angry and curse his king and his God, and he will turn to things above, | the land ← it. |
| Isa 8:22 | וְאֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט וְהִנֵּ֨ה צָרָ֤ה וַחֲשֵׁכָה֙ מְע֣וּף צוּקָ֔ה וַאֲפֵלָ֖ה מְנֻדָּֽח׃ | and he will look to the earth, and he will find adversity, and darkness and oppressive gloom, and repulsive murkiness. |
he will find ← behold.
oppressive gloom ← gloom of oppression, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 8:23 Isa 9:1AV |
כִּ֣י לֹ֣א מוּעָף֮ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר מוּצָ֣ק לָהּ֒ כָּעֵ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן הֵקַ֞ל אַ֤רְצָה זְבֻלוּן֙ וְאַ֣רְצָה נַפְתָּלִ֔י וְהָאַחֲר֖וֹן הִכְבִּ֑יד דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַיָּם֙ עֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן גְּלִ֖יל הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | For it will not be faint, as regards the land's straitness, as on the first occasion when he brought the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali into contempt, and later made it more grievous, on the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in Galilee of the Gentiles. |
Matt 4:15.
faint: we take this as hophal from root יעף, not the noun from root עוף. the land's ← her / its. |
| Isa 9:1 Isa 9:2AV |
הָעָם֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ רָא֖וּ א֣וֹר גָּד֑וֹל יֹשְׁבֵי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צַלְמָ֔וֶת א֖וֹר נָגַ֥הּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
The people who walked in darkness Have seen a great light, And on those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death A light has shone.” |
Matt 4:16. |
| Isa 9:2 Isa 9:3AV |
הִרְבִּ֣יתָ הַגּ֔וֹי *לא **ל֖וֹ הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה שָׂמְח֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת בַּקָּצִ֔יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגִ֖ילוּ בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם שָׁלָֽל׃ |
You have multiplied the nation, {Q: You have increased its joy} [K: where you had not increased the joy]; They rejoice before you As they do with joy at harvest time, Or as when they delight As they share the spoil. |
|
| Isa 9:3 Isa 9:4AV |
כִּ֣י ׀ אֶת־עֹ֣ל סֻבֳּל֗וֹ וְאֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה שִׁכְמ֔וֹ שֵׁ֖בֶט הַנֹּגֵ֣שׂ בּ֑וֹ הַחִתֹּ֖תָ כְּי֥וֹם מִדְיָֽן׃ |
For you have broken their burdensome yoke And their shoulder bar – The rod which was used to drive them on – As on the day of Midian. |
their burdensome yoke ... their shoulder bar ← the yoke of its burden ... the bar of its shoulder, Hebraic genitives. |
| Isa 9:4 Isa 9:5AV |
כִּ֤י כָל־סְאוֹן֙ סֹאֵ֣ן בְּרַ֔עַשׁ וְשִׂמְלָ֖ה מְגוֹלָלָ֣ה בְדָמִ֑ים וְהָיְתָ֥ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֖ה מַאֲכֹ֥לֶת אֵֽשׁ׃ |
For every boot treading in the tumult And shirt rolled in blood Will be fit for burning, As fuel for fire. |
|
| Isa 9:5 Isa 9:6AV |
כִּי־יֶ֣לֶד יֻלַּד־לָ֗נוּ בֵּ֚ן נִתַּן־לָ֔נוּ וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּשְׂרָ֖ה עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִיעַ֖ד שַׂר־שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
For a child is to be born for us, A son is to be given to us, And he will shoulder government, And he will be called Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Father of Perpetuity, Prince of Peace. |
Alluded to in Luke 2:11.
he will shoulder government ← government will be on his shoulder. Wonderful: see Judg 13:18. |
| Isa 9:6 Isa 9:7AV |
*לם*רבה **לְמַרְבֵּ֨ה הַמִּשְׂרָ֜ה וּלְשָׁל֣וֹם אֵֽין־קֵ֗ץ עַל־כִּסֵּ֤א דָוִד֙ וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ לְהָכִ֤ין אֹתָהּ֙ וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּ בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה מֵעַתָּה֙ וְעַד־עוֹלָ֔ם קִנְאַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה־זֹּֽאת׃ ס |
There will be no end to the great extent of government, Or to peace on the throne of David and over his kingdom, In setting it up and in perpetuating it in justice and in righteousness, From that time and age-abidingly. The zeal of the Lord of hosts will accomplish this. |
to the great extent: in qeré this is one word; in ketiv two words, but untranslatable as such.
In setting it up ... in perpetuating: gerundial use of the infinitives. that time ← now. |
| Isa 9:7 Isa 9:8AV |
דָּבָ֛ר שָׁלַ֥ח אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָפַ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
The Lord* sent a word through Jacob, And it alighted on Israel. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 9:8 Isa 9:9AV |
וְיָדְעוּ֙ הָעָ֣ם כֻּלּ֔וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב שֹׁמְר֑וֹן בְּגַאֲוָ֛ה וּבְגֹ֥דֶל לֵבָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ |
And the entire people will know – Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria – Those who in the arrogance And haughtiness of their heart said, |
|
| Isa 9:9 Isa 9:10AV |
לְבֵנִ֥ים נָפָ֖לוּ וְגָזִ֣ית נִבְנֶ֑ה שִׁקְמִ֣ים גֻּדָּ֔עוּ וַאֲרָזִ֖ים נַחֲלִֽיף׃ |
“The bricks have fallen, But we will build with hewn stone; The sycamores have been cut down, But we will replace them with cedars.” |
but (2x): adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 9:10 Isa 9:11AV |
וַיְשַׂגֵּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־צָרֵ֥י רְצִ֖ין עָלָ֑יו וְאֶת־אֹיְבָ֖יו יְסַכְסֵֽךְ׃ |
But the Lord will strengthen the adversaries of Rezin against the people, And he will incite their enemies – |
the people ← him. Referring to the people of Isa 9:8 (Isa 9:9AV). |
| Isa 9:11 Isa 9:12AV |
אֲרָ֣ם מִקֶּ֗דֶם וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ מֵֽאָח֔וֹר וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־פֶּ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ |
Aramaea from the east And the Philistines from the west – And they will consume Israel with a voracious appetite. Yet for all this, his anger will not recede, And his hand will still be stretched out. |
with a voracious appetite ← with all mouth. |
| Isa 9:12 Isa 9:13AV |
וְהָעָ֥ם לֹא־שָׁ֖ב עַד־הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ ס |
But the people are not returning To him who is striking them, And they have not sought the Lord of hosts. |
|
| Isa 9:13 Isa 9:14AV |
וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֗ל רֹ֧אשׁ וְזָנָ֛ב כִּפָּ֥ה וְאַגְמ֖וֹן י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ |
And the Lord will cut off from Israel Head and tail, Palm-branch and bulrush, In one day. |
palm-branch and bulrush: standing for upper and lower class, but not as extreme as head and tail. |
| Isa 9:14 Isa 9:15AV |
זָקֵ֥ן וּנְשׂוּא־פָנִ֖ים ה֣וּא הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְנָבִ֥יא מֽוֹרֶה־שֶּׁ֖קֶר ה֥וּא הַזָּנָֽב׃ |
The elder and dignitary Is who the head is, And the prophet who teaches lies Is who the tail is. |
dignitary ← elevated of face.
lies ← the lie. |
| Isa 9:15 Isa 9:16AV |
וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ מְאַשְּׁרֵ֥י הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה מַתְעִ֑ים וּמְאֻשָּׁרָ֖יו מְבֻלָּעִֽים׃ |
And those guiding this people Have led it astray, And those guided by them Have been swallowed up. |
|
| Isa 9:16 Isa 9:17AV |
עַל־כֵּ֨ן עַל־בַּחוּרָ֜יו לֹֽא־יִשְׂמַ֣ח ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֶת־יְתֹמָ֤יו וְאֶת־אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם כִּ֤י כֻלּוֹ֙ חָנֵ֣ף וּמֵרַ֔ע וְכָל־פֶּ֖ה דֹּבֵ֣ר נְבָלָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ |
This is why the Lord* will not rejoice over their young men And will not have compassion on their orphans and their widows, For they are all profane and wrongdoing, And every mouth speaks foolishness. Despite all this, his anger will not recede, And his hand will still be stretched out. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
profane: on a translation as hypocrite, see [AnLx] note at end of p.267. |
| Isa 9:17 Isa 9:18AV |
כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן׃ |
For wickedness burns like fire; It consumes briars and thorns, And it kindles fire in the thickets of the forest, And they will swell up Like the billowing of smoke. |
swell up: or roll around. |
| Isa 9:18 Isa 9:19AV |
בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃ |
In the wrath of the Lord of hosts, The land will be burned, And the people will be like fuel for the fire. A man will not spare his brother. |
burned: or darkened. |
| Isa 9:19 Isa 9:20AV |
וַיִּגְזֹ֤ר עַל־יָמִין֙ וְרָעֵ֔ב וַיֹּ֥אכַל עַל־שְׂמֹ֖אול וְלֹ֣א שָׂבֵ֑עוּ אִ֥ישׁ בְּשַׂר־זְרֹע֖וֹ יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
And he will divide a portion on the right hand side, Yet be hungry, And eat on the left hand side. But they will not be satisfied. Each will eat the flesh of his own arm. |
yet ... but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 9:20 Isa 9:21AV |
מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם וְאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יַחְדָּ֥ו הֵ֖מָּה עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ ס |
Manasseh will eat Ephraim, And Ephraim Manasseh. Together they will be against Judah. Despite all this, his anger will not recede, And his hand will still be stretched out. |
|
| Isa 10:1 | ה֥וֹי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים עָמָ֖ל כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃ |
Woe to those who issue vain decrees, And the state secretaries who draw up iniquitous edicts, |
issue ← decree, legislate.
draw up iniquitous edicts ← decree iniquity (which) they write. The word translated iniquity here more commonly means toil. |
| Isa 10:2 | לְהַטּ֤וֹת מִדִּין֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְלִגְזֹ֕ל מִשְׁפַּ֖ט עֲנִיֵּ֣י עַמִּ֑י לִהְי֤וֹת אַלְמָנוֹת֙ שְׁלָלָ֔ם וְאֶת־יְתוֹמִ֖ים יָבֹֽזּוּ׃ |
In denying the needy a legal process, In robbing the poor among my people of justice, With widows being their spoil, And who plunder orphans. |
in denying ... in robbing ... with widows being ← in turning away etc., gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 10:3 | וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂוּ֙ לְי֣וֹם פְּקֻדָּ֔ה וּלְשׁוֹאָ֖ה מִמֶּרְחָ֣ק תָּב֑וֹא עַל־מִי֙ תָּנ֣וּסוּ לְעֶזְרָ֔ה וְאָ֥נָה תַעַזְב֖וּ כְּבוֹדְכֶֽם׃ |
What will you do on the day of punishment, And in the destruction which will come from far away? To whom will you flee for help, And where will you leave your honour? |
|
| Isa 10:4 | בִּלְתִּ֤י כָרַע֙ תַּ֣חַת אַסִּ֔יר וְתַ֥חַת הֲרוּגִ֖ים יִפֹּ֑לוּ בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ ס |
How will one not collapse in imprisonment, Or what if they fall to join those killed? Despite all this, his anger will not recede, And his hand will still be stretched out. |
not: AV differs (without me).
in imprisonment ← under (being) a prisoner. to join ← under. |
| Isa 10:5 | ה֥וֹי אַשּׁ֖וּר שֵׁ֣בֶט אַפִּ֑י וּמַטֶּה־ה֥וּא בְיָדָ֖ם זַעְמִֽי׃ |
O Assyria, the rod of my anger, The stick in whose hand is my indignation! |
rod: i.e. instrument. |
| Isa 10:6 | בְּג֤וֹי חָנֵף֙ אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֔נּוּ וְעַל־עַ֥ם עֶבְרָתִ֖י אֲצַוֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁלֹ֤ל שָׁלָל֙ וְלָבֹ֣ז בַּ֔ז *ולשימו **וּלְשׂוּמ֥וֹ מִרְמָ֖ס כְּחֹ֥מֶר חוּצֽוֹת׃ |
I will send against them a profane nation, And I will command them to go against the people with whom I am angry, To take spoil and to seize plunder, And to make them a trodden down phenomenon Like the mire of the streets. |
to make them: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
with whom I am angry ← of my wrath. to take spoil ... to seize plunder ← to spoil spoil ... to plunder plunder. |
| Isa 10:7 | וְהוּא֙ לֹא־כֵ֣ן יְדַמֶּ֔ה וּלְבָב֖וֹ לֹא־כֵ֣ן יַחְשֹׁ֑ב כִּ֚י לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד בִּלְבָב֔וֹ וּלְהַכְרִ֥ית גּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א מְעָֽט׃ |
However, they will not be conscious of this purpose, And their heart will not so reason, For it will just be in their heart To destroy and cut off Not a few nations. |
they: i.e. Assyria.
be conscious of this purpose ← imagine thus. |
| Isa 10:8 | כִּ֖י יֹאמַ֑ר הֲלֹ֥א שָׂרַ֛י יַחְדָּ֖ו מְלָכִֽים׃ |
For he will say, “Are not my officials a collection of kings? |
collection of kings ← kings together. |
| Isa 10:9 | הֲלֹ֥א כְּכַרְכְּמִ֖ישׁ כַּלְנ֑וֹ אִם־לֹ֤א כְאַרְפַּד֙ חֲמָ֔ת אִם־לֹ֥א כְדַמֶּ֖שֶׂק שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ |
Is Calno not like Carchemish? Or is Hamath not like Arpad? Or is Samaria not like Damascus? |
|
| Isa 10:10 | כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ מָצְאָ֣ה יָדִ֔י לְמַמְלְכֹ֖ת הָאֱלִ֑יל וּפְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם מִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וּמִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן׃ |
When my hand finds idolatrous kingdoms, And their carved images, Surpassing those of Jerusalem and Samaria, |
idolatrous kingdoms ← kingdoms of the idol, a Hebraic genitive.
surpassing ← (more) than. |
| Isa 10:11 | הֲלֹ֗א כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֛יתִי לְשֹׁמְר֖וֹן וְלֶאֱלִילֶ֑יהָ כֵּ֛ן אֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה לִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְלַעֲצַבֶּֽיהָ׃ ס |
Will I not do to Jerusalem and its images What I did to Samaria and its idols?” |
what ← as. |
| Isa 10:12 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יְבַצַּ֤ע אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־כָּל־מַֽעֲשֵׂ֔הוּ בְּהַ֥ר צִיּ֖וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אֶפְקֹ֗ד עַל־פְּרִי־גֹ֙דֶל֙ לְבַ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֔וּר וְעַל־תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת ר֥וּם עֵינָֽיו׃ | And it will come to pass, when the Lord* has carried out all his work in Mount Zion and Jerusalem, that I will inflict punishment for the result of the high-mindedness of the king of Assyria and for the glorying of his haughty eyes. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
I will: effectively he will here. result ← fruit. high-mindedness ← greatness of heart. his haughty eyes ← the exalting of his eyes. |
| Isa 10:13 | כִּ֣י אָמַ֗ר בְּכֹ֤חַ יָדִי֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי וּבְחָכְמָתִ֖י כִּ֣י נְבֻנ֑וֹתִי וְאָסִ֣יר ׀ גְּבוּלֹ֣ת עַמִּ֗ים *ועתידתיהם **וַעֲתוּדֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ שׁוֹשֵׂ֔תִי וְאוֹרִ֥יד כַּאבִּ֖יר יוֹשְׁבִֽים׃ |
For he said,
“I acted in the strength of my hand, And in my own wisdom, For I am astute, And I remove national borders, And I plunder their lucre, And I overthrow populations, Like a mighty man. |
lucre: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
populations ← inhabitants. |
| Isa 10:14 | וַתִּמְצָ֨א כַקֵּ֤ן ׀ יָדִי֙ לְחֵ֣יל הָֽעַמִּ֔ים וְכֶאֱסֹף֙ בֵּיצִ֣ים עֲזֻב֔וֹת כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲנִ֣י אָסָ֑פְתִּי וְלֹ֤א הָיָה֙ נֹדֵ֣ד כָּנָ֔ף וּפֹצֶ֥ה פֶ֖ה וּמְצַפְצֵֽף׃ |
And my hand found the riches of various peoples like a nest. And as one collects eggs that are abandoned, So I collected the whole earth, And there was no-one that fluttered a wing Or opened his mouth and whispered.” |
|
| Isa 10:15 | הֲיִתְפָּאֵר֙ הַגַּרְזֶ֔ן עַ֖ל הַחֹצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ אִם־יִתְגַּדֵּ֤ל הַמַּשּׂוֹר֙ עַל־מְנִיפ֔וֹ כְּהָנִ֥יף שֵׁ֙בֶט֙ וְאֶת־מְרִימָ֔יו כְּהָרִ֥ים מַטֶּ֖ה לֹא־עֵֽץ׃ |
Will the axe vaunt itself over him who hews with it? Or will the saw make itself greater than him who handles it? Likewise, can a rod lift the very ones who raise it? Similarly, can a stick raise him who is not wood? |
than him: or, if the reader prefers, than he.
handles ← lifts. him who is not wood: i.e. flesh and blood. AV differs (as if it were no wood). |
| Isa 10:16 | לָ֠כֵן יְשַׁלַּ֨ח הָאָד֜וֹן יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת בְּמִשְׁמַנָּ֖יו רָז֑וֹן וְתַ֧חַת כְּבֹד֛וֹ יֵקַ֥ד יְקֹ֖ד כִּיק֥וֹד אֵֽשׁ׃ |
This is why my Lord the Lord of hosts Will send leanness into his fat places, And instead of his glory, There will be burning, as a fire burns. |
fat: i.e. fertile.
there will be burning, as a fire burns ← burning will burn like the burning of fire. |
| Isa 10:17 | וְהָיָ֤ה אֽוֹר־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְאֵ֔שׁ וּקְדוֹשׁ֖וֹ לְלֶהָבָ֑ה וּבָעֲרָ֗ה וְאָֽכְלָ֛ה שִׁית֥וֹ וּשְׁמִיר֖וֹ בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ |
And the light of Israel will become fire, And its holy one a flame, And it will blaze and consume Its briars and its thorns In one day. |
|
| Isa 10:18 | וּכְב֤וֹד יַעְרוֹ֙ וְכַרְמִלּ֔וֹ מִנֶּ֥פֶשׁ וְעַד־בָּשָׂ֖ר יְכַלֶּ֑ה וְהָיָ֖ה כִּמְסֹ֥ס נֹסֵֽס׃ |
And he will lay the glory of his forest and his orchard waste, Both spiritually and physically, And it will become like the exhausted state Of one wasting away. |
both spiritually and physically ← from soul and up to flesh.
one wasting away: AV differs (a standardbearer). |
| Isa 10:19 | וּשְׁאָ֥ר עֵ֛ץ יַעְר֖וֹ מִסְפָּ֣ר יִֽהְי֑וּ וְנַ֖עַר יִכְתְּבֵֽם׃ פ |
And the remainder of the trees of his forest will be few in number, And a boy will be able to set them down in writing. |
set them down in writing ← write them, i.e. register them individually. |
| Isa 10:20 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא לֹֽא־יוֹסִ֨יף ע֜וֹד שְׁאָ֤ר יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלֵיטַ֣ת בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֔ב לְהִשָּׁעֵ֖ן עַל־מַכֵּ֑הוּ וְנִשְׁעַ֗ן עַל־יְהוָ֛ה קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּאֱמֶֽת׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the remainder of Israel And the escaped remnant of the house of Jacob Will no longer rely on the one who struck them, And they will rely on the Lord – The holy one of Israel – In truth. |
|
| Isa 10:21 | שְׁאָ֥ר יָשׁ֖וּב שְׁאָ֣ר יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֶל־אֵ֖ל גִּבּֽוֹר׃ |
The remainder will return – The remainder of Jacob – To the mighty God. |
|
| Isa 10:22 | כִּ֣י אִם־יִהְיֶ֞ה עַמְּךָ֤ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כְּח֣וֹל הַיָּ֔ם שְׁאָ֖ר יָשׁ֣וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּלָּי֥וֹן חָר֖וּץ שׁוֹטֵ֥ף צְדָקָֽה׃ |
Even if your people Israel Are like the sand of the sea, A remainder of them will return, And the conclusion determined Will overflow with righteousness. |
Rom 9:27, Rom 9:28. |
| Isa 10:23 | כִּ֥י כָלָ֖ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֑ה אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ צְבָא֔וֹת עֹשֶׂ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס |
For my Lord the Lord of hosts Will bring about the conclusion And what has been determined In the precincts of the whole land. |
Rom 9:28.
what: relative use of the vav. precincts ← midst. |
| Isa 10:24 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ צְבָא֔וֹת אַל־תִּירָ֥א עַמִּ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב צִיּ֖וֹן מֵֽאַשּׁ֑וּר בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶט יַכֶּ֔כָּה וּמַטֵּ֥הוּ יִשָּֽׂא־עָלֶ֖יךָ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
Therefore my Lord the Lord of hosts says this:
“My people who live in Zion, Do not be afraid of Assyria. They will strike you with a rod, And lift their stick up against you, In the way Egypt did, |
this ← thus.
the way Egypt did ← the way of Egypt. |
| Isa 10:25 | כִּי־ע֖וֹד מְעַ֣ט מִזְעָ֑ר וְכָ֣לָה זַ֔עַם וְאַפִּ֖י עַל־תַּבְלִיתָֽם׃ |
But in a very short time, The indignation will be concluded, As will my anger, At the time of their destruction.” |
|
| Isa 10:26 | וְעוֹרֵ֨ר עָלָ֜יו יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שׁ֔וֹט כְּמַכַּ֥ת מִדְיָ֖ן בְּצ֣וּר עוֹרֵ֑ב וּמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ עַל־הַיָּ֔ם וּנְשָׂא֖וֹ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
And the Lord of hosts will stir up a scourge over them, Like the attack in Midian at the rock of Oreb. And as his rod was on the sea, So he will raise it, In the same way as in Egypt. |
as in ← of. |
| Isa 10:27 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יָס֤וּר סֻבֳּלוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל שִׁכְמֶ֔ךָ וְעֻלּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֣ל צַוָּארֶ֑ךָ וְחֻבַּ֥ל עֹ֖ל מִפְּנֵי־שָֽׁמֶן׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That his burden will be removed from your shoulder, And his yoke from your neck. And the yoke will be destroyed in front of the anointing oil. |
his burden ... his yoke: subjective genitives. |
| Isa 10:28 | בָּ֥א עַל־עַיַּ֖ת עָבַ֣ר בְּמִגְר֑וֹן לְמִכְמָ֖שׂ יַפְקִ֥יד כֵּלָֽיו׃ |
He has come to Aiath, He has crossed over to Migron; He has deposited his equipment in Michmas. |
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| Isa 10:29 | עָֽבְרוּ֙ מַעְבָּרָ֔ה גֶּ֖בַע מָל֣וֹן לָ֑נוּ חָֽרְדָה֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה גִּבְעַ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל נָֽסָה׃ |
They have crossed the pass; They have taken up quarters in Geba. Ramah is trembling; Gibeah of Saul has fled. |
Ramah ← the Ramah.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Isa 10:30 | צַהֲלִ֥י קוֹלֵ֖ךְ בַּת־גַּלִּ֑ים הַקְשִׁ֥יבִי לַ֖יְשָׁה עֲנִיָּ֥ה עֲנָתֽוֹת׃ |
Shout out, O daughter of Gallim, Listen, O Laish, O poor Anathoth. |
shout out ← neigh your voice; compare Mark 1:43, John 11:38.
listen, O Laish: AV differs (cause it to be heard unto Laish). |
| Isa 10:31 | נָדְדָ֖ה מַדְמֵנָ֑ה יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הַגֵּבִ֖ים הֵעִֽיזוּ׃ |
Madmenah has moved away; The inhabitants of Gebim have secured their effects. |
Gebim ← the Gebim. |
| Isa 10:32 | ע֥וֹד הַיּ֖וֹם בְּנֹ֣ב לַֽעֲמֹ֑ד יְנֹפֵ֤ף יָדוֹ֙ הַ֣ר *בית־**בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן גִּבְעַ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
On the very day when he stands in Nob, He will shake his fist At the mountain of the {Q: daughter} [K: house] of Zion – The hill of Jerusalem. |
on the very day ← still / yet on the day.
fist ← hand. |
| Isa 10:33 | הִנֵּ֤ה הָאָדוֹן֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְסָעֵ֥ף פֻּארָ֖ה בְּמַעֲרָצָ֑ה וְרָמֵ֤י הַקּוֹמָה֙ גְּדוּעִ֔ים וְהַגְּבֹהִ֖ים יִשְׁפָּֽלוּ׃ |
Behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, Will cut off a bough with terror, And those of high stature will be cut down, And the haughty will be humbled. |
|
| Isa 10:34 | וְנִקַּ֛ף סִֽבְכֵ֥י הַיַּ֖עַר בַּבַּרְזֶ֑ל וְהַלְּבָנ֖וֹן בְּאַדִּ֥יר יִפּֽוֹל׃ ס |
And he will cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, And Lebanon will be felled by a mighty one. |
be felled: qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Ex 20:5, Deut 5:9. |
| Isa 11:1 | וְיָצָ֥א חֹ֖טֶר מִגֵּ֣זַע יִשָׁ֑י וְנֵ֖צֶר מִשָּׁרָשָׁ֥יו יִפְרֶֽה׃ |
And a shoot will come out of the stem of Jesse, And a branch from his roots will become fruitful. |
John 7:42.
shoot ... of the stem of Jesse: Christ, as Jesse's descendant. Contrast Isa 11:10. branch: Hebrew nezer, in modern pronunciation netser; perhaps the reference to Nazarene in Matt 2:23. |
| Isa 11:2 | וְנָחָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה ר֧וּחַ חָכְמָ֣ה וּבִינָ֗ה ר֤וּחַ עֵצָה֙ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה ר֥וּחַ דַּ֖עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ |
And the spirit of the Lord will rest on him – The spirit of wisdom and understanding, The spirit of counsel and valour, The spirit of knowledge and fear of the Lord. |
|
| Isa 11:3 | וַהֲרִיח֖וֹ בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־לְמַרְאֵ֤ה עֵינָיו֙ יִשְׁפּ֔וֹט וְלֹֽא־לְמִשְׁמַ֥ע אָזְנָ֖יו יוֹכִֽיחַ׃ |
He will delight in him Through his fear of the Lord, And he will not judge by appearance to the eyes, Nor will he arbitrate by what his ears hear, |
He will delight ... fear of the Lord: a possible alternative translation would be What (is) fragrant to him (is being) in fear of the Lord.
by what his ears hear ← according to the hearing of his ears. |
| Isa 11:4 | וְשָׁפַ֤ט בְּצֶ֙דֶק֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֥יחַ בְּמִישׁ֖וֹר לְעַנְוֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְהִֽכָּה־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט פִּ֔יו וּבְר֥וּחַ שְׂפָתָ֖יו יָמִ֥ית רָשָֽׁע׃ |
But he will judge the poor righteously, And he will arbitrate for the meek of the land equitably, And he will strike the land with the rod of his mouth, And he will kill the wicked by the breath of his lips. |
|
| Isa 11:5 | וְהָ֥יָה צֶ֖דֶק אֵז֣וֹר מָתְנָ֑יו וְהָאֱמוּנָ֖ה אֵז֥וֹר חֲלָצָֽיו׃ |
And righteousness will be the girdle around his waist, And faithfulness the girdle around his loins. |
girdle around (2x) ← girdle of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 11:6 | וְגָ֤ר זְאֵב֙ עִם־כֶּ֔בֶשׂ וְנָמֵ֖ר עִם־גְּדִ֣י יִרְבָּ֑ץ וְעֵ֨גֶל וּכְפִ֤יר וּמְרִיא֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן נֹהֵ֥ג בָּֽם׃ |
And the wolf will dwell with the lamb, And the leopard will lie down with the goat, And the calf and the young lion and the fatted calf will be together, And a small boy will lead them. |
|| Isa 65:25. |
| Isa 11:7 | וּפָרָ֤ה וָדֹב֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה יַחְדָּ֖ו יִרְבְּצ֣וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן וְאַרְיֵ֖ה כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹֽאכַל־תֶּֽבֶן׃ |
And the cow and the bear will graze, And their young will lie down together, And the lion will eat straw like the ox. |
young ← children. |
| Isa 11:8 | וְשִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע יוֹנֵ֖ק עַל־חֻ֣ר פָּ֑תֶן וְעַל֙ מְאוּרַ֣ת צִפְעוֹנִ֔י גָּמ֖וּל יָד֥וֹ הָדָֽה׃ |
And a baby will play at a vipers' den, And an infant will put his hand on an adder's hole. |
baby ← suckling.
infant ← weaned (one). |
| Isa 11:9 | לֹֽא־יָרֵ֥עוּ וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁחִ֖יתוּ בְּכָל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֑י כִּֽי־מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ דֵּעָה֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כַּמַּ֖יִם לַיָּ֥ם מְכַסִּֽים׃ פ |
They will not do harm And they will not cause damage Anywhere in my holy mountain, For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the Lord, As the waters cover the sea. |
|| Isa 65:25, Hab 2:14.
anywhere in ← in all of. my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 11:10 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא שֹׁ֣רֶשׁ יִשַׁ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֹמֵד֙ לְנֵ֣ס עַמִּ֔ים אֵלָ֖יו גּוֹיִ֣ם יִדְרֹ֑שׁוּ וְהָיְתָ֥ה מְנֻחָת֖וֹ כָּבֽוֹד׃ פ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the Gentiles will seek the root of Jesse, Which will stand as a sign to the nations. And rest in him will be glorious. |
Matt 12:21, Rom 15:12, John 7:42, Rev 5:5, Rev 22:16 (Jesse being David's father).
root of Jesse: Christ as Jesse's forbear as creator. Contrast Isa 11:1, and compare Rev 22:10 (root and offspring of David). rest in him ← his rest. glorious ← glory. |
| Isa 11:11 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יוֹסִ֨יף אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ יָד֔וֹ לִקְנ֖וֹת אֶת־שְׁאָ֣ר עַמּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁאֵר֩ מֵאַשּׁ֨וּר וּמִמִּצְרַ֜יִם וּמִפַּתְר֣וֹס וּמִכּ֗וּשׁ וּמֵעֵילָ֤ם וּמִשִּׁנְעָר֙ וּמֵ֣חֲמָ֔ת וּמֵאִיֵּ֖י הַיָּֽם׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the Lord* will extend his hand a second time To acquire the remainder of his people, who remain, From Assyria and from Egypt, And from Pathros and from Ethiopia, And from Elam and from Shinar, And from Hamath and from the coastlands of the sea. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
a second time ← again a second time. coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 11:12 | וְנָשָׂ֥א נֵס֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאָסַ֖ף נִדְחֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּנְפֻצ֤וֹת יְהוּדָה֙ יְקַבֵּ֔ץ מֵאַרְבַּ֖ע כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And he will raise a sign to the Gentiles, And he will gather those driven out of Israel, And he will collect up those of Judah who are dispersed, From the four corners of the earth. |
corners ← wings. |
| Isa 11:13 | וְסָ֙רָה֙ קִנְאַ֣ת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְצֹרְרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹֽא־יְקַנֵּ֣א אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה וִֽיהוּדָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָצֹ֥ר אֶת־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ |
And Ephraim's envy will fade away, And the adversaries of Judah will be cut off. Ephraim will not envy Judah, And Judah will not be hostile to Ephraim. |
fade away ← depart. |
| Isa 11:14 | וְעָפ֨וּ בְכָתֵ֤ף פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ יָ֔מָּה יַחְדָּ֖ו יָבֹ֣זּוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם אֱד֤וֹם וּמוֹאָב֙ מִשְׁל֣וֹח יָדָ֔ם וּבְנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן מִשְׁמַעְתָּֽם׃ |
They will attack the Philistines on the slopes to the west; Together they will spoil the inhabitants of the east. Edom and Moab will be for them to lay their hands on, And the Ammonites will be in subjection to them. |
attack ← fly at.
slopes ← shoulder. inhabitants ← sons. them to lay their hands on ← a sending of their hands. in subjection to them ← their obedience. |
| Isa 11:15 | וְהֶחֱרִ֣ים יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֚ת לְשׁ֣וֹן יָם־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהֵנִ֥יף יָד֛וֹ עַל־הַנָּהָ֖ר בַּעְיָ֣ם רוּח֑וֹ וְהִכָּ֙הוּ֙ לְשִׁבְעָ֣ה נְחָלִ֔ים וְהִדְרִ֖יךְ בַּנְּעָלִֽים׃ |
And the Lord will lay the gulf of the Egyptian sea waste, And he will lift his hand against the river with the ardour of his breath, And he will strike it into seven streams, And he will enable them to cross wearing shoes. |
the river: [CB] → the Euphrates.
enable them to cross wearing shoes ← make tread in shoes. |
| Isa 11:16 | וְהָיְתָ֣ה מְסִלָּ֔ה לִשְׁאָ֣ר עַמּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׁאֵ֖ר מֵֽאַשּׁ֑וּר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר הָֽיְתָה֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּי֥וֹם עֲלֹת֖וֹ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
And there will be a highway for the rest of his people who remain, To come from Assyria, As there was for Israel When they came up from the land of Egypt. |
when ← on the day of. |
| Isa 12:1 | וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אוֹדְךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אָנַ֖פְתָּ בִּ֑י יָשֹׁ֥ב אַפְּךָ֖ וּֽתְנַחֲמֵֽנִי׃ |
And on that day you will say,
“I will praise you, O Lord. Although you were angry with me, Your anger has receded, And you have comforted me. |
|
| Isa 12:2 | הִנֵּ֨ה אֵ֧ל יְשׁוּעָתִ֛י אֶבְטַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אֶפְחָ֑ד כִּֽי־עָזִּ֤י וְזִמְרָת֙ יָ֣הּ יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־לִ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָֽה׃ |
Behold, O God of my salvation, I will trust and not be afraid, For the Lord, the Lord Is my strength and my song of praise, And he has become my salvation.” |
for the Lord ... is my strength (etc.): compare Ex 15:2 and Ps 118:14.
the Lord: AV differs (JEHOVAH). See Ex 6:3. |
| Isa 12:3 | וּשְׁאַבְתֶּם־מַ֖יִם בְּשָׂשׂ֑וֹן מִמַּעַיְנֵ֖י הַיְשׁוּעָֽה׃ |
And you will draw water with joy, From the springs of this salvation. |
John 7:38 (allusion).
this salvation ← the salvation. |
| Isa 12:4 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֞ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא הוֹד֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ קִרְא֣וּ בִשְׁמ֔וֹ הוֹדִ֥יעוּ בָֽעַמִּ֖ים עֲלִֽילֹתָ֑יו הַזְכִּ֕ירוּ כִּ֥י נִשְׂגָּ֖ב שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
And on that day, you will say,
“Praise the Lord, Call on his name, Make his deeds known among the nations; Bring to mind that his name is exalted. |
|
| Isa 12:5 | זַמְּר֣וּ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י גֵא֖וּת עָשָׂ֑ה *מידעת **מוּדַ֥עַת זֹ֖את בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Sing praises to the Lord, For he has acted illustriously. Let this be known over all the earth. |
known: the ketiv (pual stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (hophal stem-formation). |
| Isa 12:6 | צַהֲלִ֥י וָרֹ֖נִּי יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ךְ קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ |
Shout out and sing for joy, O inhabitant of Zion, For great among you Is the holy one of Israel.” |
shout out ← neigh. See Isa 10:30.
among ← in the midst of. |
| Isa 13:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃ | The burden of Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw. | burden: i.e. burden of prophecy, a solemn prophetic declaration. |
| Isa 13:2 | עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃ |
Set up a banner on a conspicuous mountain, Raise a voice to them, Lift up a hand, So that they may come to the gates of the willing. |
willing: AV differs (nobles). |
| Isa 13:3 | אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי׃ |
I have commanded my sanctified ones; I have also summoned my warriors In service of my anger, Who exult in my exaltation. |
|
| Isa 13:4 | ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
The sound of a crowd in the mountains, The image of a numerous people, The tumultuous sound of kingdoms of Gentiles who have gathered – The Lord of hosts is mobilizing an army for war. |
for war ← of war. |
| Isa 13:5 | בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
They are coming from a distant land, From the end of the horizon – The Lord and instruments of his indignation – To lay the whole land waste. |
distant land ← land of distance.
horizon ← sky; heaven. land: [CB] → Chaldea. |
| Isa 13:6 | הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַּׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃ |
Howl, for the day of the Lord is near. It will come as devastation from the Almighty. |
Rev 1:10. |
| Isa 13:7 | עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃ |
For that reason, all hands will become limp, And every human heart will melt. |
|
| Isa 13:8 | וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And they will be terrified; Writhings and pains will seize them; They will writhe like a woman giving birth. Every man will be astonished at his neighbour; Their faces will be ablaze in appearance. |
every ← each.
their faces will be ablaze in appearance ← faces of flames (will be) their faces. |
| Isa 13:9 | הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
Behold, the day of the Lord is coming, Cruel in wrath and furious anger, To make the land a desolation, And he will obliterate its sinners from it. |
Rev 1:10.
wrath and ← both wrath and. |
| Isa 13:10 | כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא־יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽוֹ׃ |
For the stars of heaven and their constellations Will not shine their light; The sun will become dark as it rises, And the moon will not beam its radiance. |
Matt 24:29, Mark 13:24, Mark 13:25.
light ... radiance ← light ... light. Otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Hebrew. Compare Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 13:11 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ |
And I will inflict punishment on the world for its evil, And on the wicked for their iniquity, And I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, And I will humble the haughtiness of the fierce. |
|
| Isa 13:12 | אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃ |
I will make a man more precious than pure gold, And a human being more precious than fine gold from Ophir. |
fine gold from ← fine gold of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 13:13 | עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ |
For this reason I will shake the heavens, And the earth will be wrenched from its place, In the wrath of the Lord of hosts, And on the day of his furious anger. |
be wrenched: qal as passive of hiphil; compare Isa 14:8, Job 41:25 (Job 41:33AV). Or will shake. |
| Isa 13:14 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ׃ |
And it will be like a chased gazelle, And like a sheep with no-one to gather it. Every man will turn to his own people, And each one will flee to his own country. |
|
| Isa 13:15 | כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכָל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ |
Everyone who is found Will be thrust through, And everyone who has withdrawn Will fall by the sword. |
|
| Isa 13:16 | וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה׃ |
And their children will be dashed before their eyes, And their houses will be plundered, And their women will be {K: raped} [Q: lain with]. |
The ketiv is a less polite word than the qeré. |
| Isa 13:17 | הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃ |
I am about to stir Media up against them, Medians who do not care for silver, And who do not delight in gold. |
I am about to ← behold me.
care for ← think (of). |
| Isa 13:18 | וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃ |
And bows will strike boys to the ground, And they will not have mercy on the fruit of the womb – Their eyes will not spare sons. |
bows: i.e. arrows fired by bows.
eyes ← eye. |
| Isa 13:19 | וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃ |
And Babylon, the splendour of the kingdoms, The proud grandeur of the Chaldeans, Will be as God's overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah. |
proud grandeur ← grandeur of the pride, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 13:20 | לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃ |
It will never be inhabited, And it will not be dwelt in from generation to generation, Nor will the Arabian pitch a tent there, Nor will shepherds tend their sheep there. |
|| Jer 50:39.
never ← not in perpetuity. tend ← make lie. |
| Isa 13:21 | וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃ |
But desert creatures will rest there, And their houses will be full of howling animals. And ostriches will dwell there, And demons will dance there. |
Rev 18:2 (allusion).
|| Jer 50:39. |
| Isa 13:22 | וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃ |
And jackals will howl in its desolate places, And wild dogs in the luxurious palaces. And its time is near to coming, And its days will not be prolonged. |
luxurious palaces ← palaces of luxury, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 14:1 | כִּי֩ יְרַחֵ֨ם יְהוָ֜ה אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֗ב וּבָחַ֥ר עוֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִנִּיחָ֖ם עַל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְנִלְוָ֤ה הַגֵּר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנִסְפְּח֖וּ עַל־בֵּ֥ית יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | When the Lord has mercy on Jacob, and he chooses Israel again, and he puts them in their land, the foreigner will join them, and they will be associated with the house of Jacob. | when the Lord ... chooses Israel again: compare Isa 51:3 and especially Zech 1:17. |
| Isa 14:2 | וּלְקָח֣וּם עַמִּים֮ וֶהֱבִיא֣וּם אֶל־מְקוֹמָם֒ וְהִֽתְנַחֲל֣וּם בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַ֚ל אַדְמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָח֑וֹת וְהָיוּ֙ שֹׁבִ֣ים לְשֹֽׁבֵיהֶ֔ם וְרָד֖וּ בְּנֹגְשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ ס | And various nations will take them and bring them to their place, and the house of Israel will possess them on the Lord's land, and they will be menservants and maidservants, and the house of Israel will take their captors captive, and they will subdue those who oppressed them. |
take them: i.e. take the house of Jacob. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (they, them, their), see the note to Gen 41:13.
and the house of Israel will possess them: or, regrouping the words, they (the nations) will settle them (the house of Israel) – the house of Israel – (etc.). |
| Isa 14:3 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם הָנִ֤יחַ יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ מֵֽעָצְבְּךָ֖ וּמֵרָגְזֶ֑ךָ וּמִן־הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַקָּשָׁ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֻבַּד־בָּֽךְ׃ | And it will come to pass on the day when the Lord gives you rest from your grief and from your disquiet, and from the hard labour which was imposed on you, | |
| Isa 14:4 | וְנָשָׂ֜אתָ הַמָּשָׁ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאָמָ֑רְתָּ אֵ֚יךְ שָׁבַ֣ת נֹגֵ֔שׂ שָׁבְתָ֖ה מַדְהֵבָֽה׃ |
that you will quote this parable about the king of Babylon and say,
“How the oppressor has come to a stop! How the golden city has come to a standstill! |
quote ← take up. |
| Isa 14:5 | שָׁבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים׃ |
The Lord has broken the rod of the wicked, And the sceptre of rulers. |
|
| Isa 14:6 | מַכֶּ֤ה עַמִּים֙ בְּעֶבְרָ֔ה מַכַּ֖ת בִּלְתִּ֣י סָרָ֑ה רֹדֶ֤ה בָאַף֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם מֻרְדָּ֖ף בְּלִ֥י חָשָֽׂךְ׃ |
He strikes nations in wrath With unremitting beating; He subdues peoples in anger, In a relentless pursuit. |
|
| Isa 14:7 | נָ֥חָה שָׁקְטָ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פָּצְח֖וּ רִנָּֽה׃ |
All the earth is at rest and is quiet; They break out into jubilation. |
|
| Isa 14:8 | גַּם־בְּרוֹשִׁ֛ים שָׂמְח֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַרְזֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן מֵאָ֣ז שָׁכַ֔בְתָּ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה הַכֹּרֵ֖ת עָלֵֽינוּ׃ |
Even the fir trees rejoice for you, And the cedars of Lebanon, Saying, ‘Since you have been brought down low, The lumberjack has not come up against us.’ |
have been brought down low ← lie, qal as passive of hiphil. Compare Isa 13:13, Job 41:25 (Job 41:33AV). |
| Isa 14:9 | שְׁא֗וֹל מִתַּ֛חַת רָגְזָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לִקְרַ֣את בּוֹאֶ֑ךָ עוֹרֵ֨ר לְךָ֤ רְפָאִים֙ כָּל־עַתּ֣וּדֵי אָ֔רֶץ הֵקִים֙ מִכִּסְאוֹתָ֔ם כֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִֽם׃ |
The grave below stands in awe on account of you; At the approach of your coming, It arouses the Rephaim because of you – All the he-goats of the earth. It raises all the kings of the nations from their thrones. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead).
he-goats: [AnLx]= metaphorical for leaders or princes. |
| Isa 14:10 | כֻּלָּ֣ם יַֽעֲנ֔וּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה חֻלֵּ֥יתָ כָמ֖וֹנוּ אֵלֵ֥ינוּ נִמְשָֽׁלְתָּ׃ |
They will all break silence and say to you, ‘Have you also become weak like us? Have you come to resemble us?’ |
break silence ← answer, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Isa 14:11 | הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃ |
Your pride has been brought down to the grave With the sound of your lutes. Under you the worms have embedded themselves, And maggots cover you. |
worms ... maggots ← (the) worm ... (the) maggot. Compare Job 25:6. |
| Isa 14:12 | אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
How you have fallen from heaven, Lucifer, Son of the dawn! You have been struck down to the earth, You who overthrew nations. |
heaven: or the sky.
Lucifer ← Helel, perhaps meaning morning star, a name of Satan. See [CB]. |
| Isa 14:13 | וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃ |
And you have said in your heart, ‘I will ascend to heaven; Above the stars of God, I will set up my throne, And I will sit at the mount of the assembly In the remote parts of the north. |
|
| Isa 14:14 | אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
I will ascend on the heights of a cloud; I will be like the Most High.’ |
|
| Isa 14:15 | אַ֧ךְ אֶל־שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בֽוֹר׃ |
But you will be brought down to the grave, To the remote parts of the pit. |
|
| Isa 14:16 | רֹאֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ הֲזֶ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ מַרְגִּ֣יז הָאָ֔רֶץ מַרְעִ֖ישׁ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃ |
Those who see you will gaze at you, And contemplate and say, ‘Is this the man who held the earth in thrall – Who shook kingdoms? |
|
| Isa 14:17 | שָׂ֥ם תֵּבֵ֛ל כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעָרָ֣יו הָרָ֑ס אֲסִירָ֖יו לֹא־פָ֥תַח בָּֽיְתָה׃ |
– Who made the world like a desert And demolished its cities, Who did not release his captive population, For them to go home?’ |
home ← homewards. |
| Isa 14:18 | כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם שָׁכְב֥וּ בְכָב֖וֹד אִ֥ישׁ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ |
All the kings of the nations – All of them – Lie in state, Each one in his royal house, |
|
| Isa 14:19 | וְאַתָּ֞ה הָשְׁלַ֤כְתָּ מִֽקִּבְרְךָ֙ כְּנֵ֣צֶר נִתְעָ֔ב לְב֥וּשׁ הֲרֻגִ֖ים מְטֹ֣עֲנֵי חָ֑רֶב יוֹרְדֵ֥י אֶל־אַבְנֵי־ב֖וֹר כְּפֶ֥גֶר מוּבָֽס׃ |
But you have been cast down Instead of having your tomb, Like a repugnant branch of a tree, Being clothed like those killed, Like those struck through with the sword, Who descend to the stones of the pit, Like a carcase trodden under foot. |
cast down ... instead of having your tomb: or cast out of your tomb, if ever he went in.
with the sword ← of the sword. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 14:20 | לֹֽא־תֵחַ֤ד אִתָּם֙ בִּקְבוּרָ֔ה כִּֽי־אַרְצְךָ֥ שִׁחַ֖תָּ עַמְּךָ֣ הָרָ֑גְתָּ לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֥א לְעוֹלָ֖ם זֶ֥רַע מְרֵעִֽים׃ |
You will not be united with them in burial, Because you devastated your land, And you killed your people. The seed of those who do evil Will never be spoken well of. |
never ← not to the age. |
| Isa 14:21 | הָכִ֧ינוּ לְבָנָ֛יו מַטְבֵּ֖חַ בַּעֲוֺ֣ן אֲבוֹתָ֑ם בַּל־יָקֻ֙מוּ֙ וְיָ֣רְשׁוּ אָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְא֥וּ פְנֵֽי־תֵבֵ֖ל עָרִֽים׃ |
Prepare slaughter for his sons, For the iniquity of their fathers. They shall not rise or inherit the land, Or fill the surface of the world with cities.” |
slaughter: as [AnLx]. Or instruments of slaughter. On the word formation, see [Ges-HG] §85h(c). |
| Isa 14:22 | וְקַמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְהִכְרַתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל שֵׁ֥ם וּשְׁאָ֛ר וְנִ֥ין וָנֶ֖כֶד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
“And I will rise against them, Says the Lord of hosts, And I will cut off Babylon's fame And remnant and posterity and progeny, Says the Lord. |
|
| Isa 14:23 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָ לְמוֹרַ֥שׁ קִפֹּ֖ד וְאַגְמֵי־מָ֑יִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֙יהָ֙ בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֔ד נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ |
And I will make it a habitat of the porcupine, And pools of water, And I will sweep it with the broom of destruction, Says the Lord of hosts.” |
habitat ← domain; possession. |
| Isa 14:24 | נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־לֹ֞א כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּמִּ֙יתִי֙ כֵּ֣ן הָיָ֔תָה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָעַ֖צְתִּי הִ֥יא תָקֽוּם׃ |
The Lord of hosts has sworn and said, “It will certainly come to pass just as I intended. And as I have purposed it, So it will be established, |
it will certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
be established ← rise. |
| Isa 14:25 | לִשְׁבֹּ֤ר אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּאַרְצִ֔י וְעַל־הָרַ֖י אֲבוּסֶ֑נּוּ וְסָ֤ר מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶם֙ עֻלּ֔וֹ וְסֻ֨בֳּל֔וֹ מֵעַ֥ל שִׁכְמ֖וֹ יָסֽוּר׃ |
Namely that I will break the Assyrian in my land, And I will trample on him on my mountains, And his yoke will be removed from them, And his burden will be removed from his shoulder. |
my mountains: this could be re-pointed to my mountain.
be removed (2x) ← depart, qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Isa 14:26 | זֹ֛את הָעֵצָ֥ה הַיְּעוּצָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְזֹ֛את הַיָּ֥ד הַנְּטוּיָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
This is the course of action decided on In relation to the whole world, And this is the hand which is stretched out Over all the nations. |
the course of action decided on ← the advice advised. |
| Isa 14:27 | כִּֽי־יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת יָעָ֖ץ וּמִ֣י יָפֵ֑ר וְיָד֥וֹ הַנְּטוּיָ֖ה וּֽמִ֥י יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃ פ |
For the Lord of hosts has decided, And who can frustrate it? And his hand is stretched out, And who can push it back?” |
|
| Isa 14:28 | בִּשְׁנַת־מ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָחָ֑ז הָיָ֖ה הַמַּשָּׂ֥א הַזֶּֽה׃ | In the year of the death of King Ahaz, there was this burden: | burden: see Isa 13:1. |
| Isa 14:29 | אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י פְלֶ֙שֶׁת֙ כֻּלֵּ֔ךְ כִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖ר שֵׁ֣בֶט מַכֵּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־מִשֹּׁ֤רֶשׁ נָחָשׁ֙ יֵ֣צֵא צֶ֔פַע וּפִרְי֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ף מְעוֹפֵֽף׃ |
Do not rejoice, Philistia – the whole of you – On the basis that the rod which struck you has broken, Because from a serpent's stock comes an adder, And its fruit is a flying fiery serpent. |
Philistia: AV= Palestina here. See Ex 15:14.
stock ← root. fiery serpent ← saraph, the plural being seraphim, either an earthly venomous serpent, or an order of angelic beings. |
| Isa 14:30 | וְרָעוּ֙ בְּכוֹרֵ֣י דַלִּ֔ים וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים לָבֶ֣טַח יִרְבָּ֑צוּ וְהֵמַתִּ֤י בָֽרָעָב֙ שָׁרְשֵׁ֔ךְ וּשְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְ יַהֲרֹֽג׃ |
And the very poorest will be nourished, And the needy will lie down in safety, But I will bring death to your root with a famine, And it will kill your remnant. |
very poorest ← firstborn of the poor, an idiom for an extreme.
be nourished ← graze, feed. |
| Isa 14:31 | הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃ |
Howl, O gate! Cry out, O city! Philistia – the whole of you – has melted down, For smoke has come from the north, And there is not a solitary person at his festivals. |
Philistia: as Isa 14:29.
AV differs in the last clause (and none shall be alone in his appointed times). [CB] also differs (there shall be no stragglers). |
| Isa 14:32 | וּמַֽה־יַּעֲנֶ֖ה מַלְאֲכֵי־ג֑וֹי כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ יִסַּ֣ד צִיּ֔וֹן וּבָ֥הּ יֶחֱס֖וּ עֲנִיֵּ֥י עַמּֽוֹ׃ ס |
And what will the messengers of the Gentiles report back? That the Lord has established Zion. And the poor of his people will put their trust in it. |
what will the messengers of the Gentiles report back: as [CB], despite discordance of grammatical number. AV differs (what shall one answer the messengers of the Gentiles).
established: or founded. |
| Isa 15:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֠י בְּלֵ֞יל שֻׁדַּ֨ד עָ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ נִדְמָ֔ה כִּ֗י בְּלֵ֛יל שֻׁדַּ֥ד קִיר־מוֹאָ֖ב נִדְמָֽה׃ |
The burden of Moab.
For in a night Ar-Moab will be laid waste And reduced to silence, For in a night Kir-Moab will be laid waste And reduced to silence. |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
reduced to silence (2x): see Isa 6:5. |
| Isa 15:2 | עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃ |
The royal house and Dibon have gone up To the idolatrous raised sites to weep. Moab will wail over Nebo and over Medeba. On all their heads will be baldness, And every beard will be removed. |
the royal house: AV differs (Bajith), but no such place mentioned in [LHG].
to weep ← for weeping. |
| Isa 15:3 | בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃ |
In its outlying areas, They will gird themselves with sackcloth, And on its roofs and in its streets All will wail. Tears will run down with weeping. |
|
| Isa 15:4 | וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃ |
And Heshbon will cry out, As will Elealeh. Their voice will be heard as far as Jahaz, Which is why the armed men of Moab will shout out. His inner being will alarm him. |
Elealeh: see Num 32:3.
inner being ← soul. |
| Isa 15:5 | לִבִּי֙ לְמוֹאָ֣ב יִזְעָ֔ק בְּרִיחֶ֕הָ עַד־צֹ֖עַר עֶגְלַ֣ת שְׁלִשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ מַעֲלֵ֣ה הַלּוּחִ֗ית בִּבְכִי֙ יַֽעֲלֶה־בּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י דֶּ֣רֶךְ חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם זַעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃ |
My heart will cry out for Moab, Its fugitives will flee to Zoar – A heifer three years old. For he will climb the ascent of Luhith with weeping, For they will raise a cry of destruction On the road to Horonaim. |
its ... he ... they: feminine singular, masculine singular, plural respectively.
a heifer three years old: the expression also occurs in Jer 48:34. |
| Isa 15:6 | כִּֽי־מֵ֥י נִמְרִ֖ים מְשַׁמּ֣וֹת יִֽהְי֑וּ כִּֽי־יָבֵ֤שׁ חָצִיר֙ כָּ֣לָה דֶ֔שֶׁא יֶ֖רֶק לֹ֥א הָיָֽה׃ |
For the waters of Nimrim will become desolations, For the pastures will dry up. Grass will shrivel; There will be no greenery. |
shrivel ← be ended, be wasted, waste away. |
| Isa 15:7 | עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְרָ֣ה עָשָׂ֑ה וּפְקֻדָּתָ֔ם עַ֛ל נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבִ֖ים יִשָּׂאֽוּם׃ |
This is why they will carry the wealth which they gained, And their store, To the brook of the willows. |
|
| Isa 15:8 | כִּֽי־הִקִּ֥יפָה הַזְּעָקָ֖ה אֶת־גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֑ב עַד־אֶגְלַ֙יִם֙ יִלְלָתָ֔הּ וּבְאֵ֥ר אֵילִ֖ים יִלְלָתָֽהּ׃ |
For the cry has gone around the border of Moab; Its wailing has reached Eglaim, And its lamentation has come to Beer-Elim. |
wailing ... lamentation ← wailing ... wailing. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
has reached ← (is) up to. |
| Isa 15:9 | כִּ֣י מֵ֤י דִימוֹן֙ מָ֣לְאוּ דָ֔ם כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֥ית עַל־דִּימ֖וֹן נוֹסָפ֑וֹת לִפְלֵיטַ֤ת מוֹאָב֙ אַרְיֵ֔ה וְלִשְׁאֵרִ֖ית אֲדָמָֽה׃ |
For the waters of Dimon will be full of blood, For I will appoint additional things concerning Dimon: The lion for the escapees of Moab And the remainder of the territory. |
|
| Isa 16:1 | שִׁלְחוּ־כַ֥ר מֹשֵֽׁל־אֶ֖רֶץ מִסֶּ֣לַע מִדְבָּ֑רָה אֶל־הַ֖ר בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
Send a tribute-lamb to the ruler of the land, From Sela to the desert, To the mountain of the daughter of Zion. |
Sela: now called Petra [CB]. |
| Isa 16:2 | וְהָיָ֥ה כְעוֹף־נוֹדֵ֖ד קֵ֣ן מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃ |
And it will come to pass That the daughters of Moab will be like a wandering bird, From a rejected nest At the Arnon fords. |
|
| Isa 16:3 | *הביאו **הָבִ֤יאִי עֵצָה֙ עֲשׂ֣וּ פְלִילָ֔ה שִׁ֧יתִי כַלַּ֛יִל צִלֵּ֖ךְ בְּת֣וֹךְ צָהֳרָ֑יִם סַתְּרִי֙ נִדָּחִ֔ים נֹדֵ֖ד אַל־תְּגַלִּֽי׃ |
Obtain advice, Execute justice, Cast your shadow like the night at noon, Hide those driven out; Do not betray the wanderer. |
Obtain ← bring in. The ketiv is plural; qeré is feminine singular. The other imperatives are plural, feminine singular, feminine singular, feminine singular respectively. |
| Isa 16:4 | יָג֤וּרוּ בָךְ֙ נִדָּחַ֔י מוֹאָ֛ב הֱוִי־סֵ֥תֶר לָ֖מוֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י שׁוֹדֵ֑ד כִּֽי־אָפֵ֤ס הַמֵּץ֙ כָּ֣לָה שֹׁ֔ד תַּ֥מּוּ רֹמֵ֖ס מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Let those of mine who have been driven out Dwell with you. Moab, be a shelter from the plunderer for them. For the oppressor will come to nothing; Plundering will come to an end, And they who tread down Will be obliterated from the land. |
|
| Isa 16:5 | וְהוּכַ֤ן בַּחֶ֙סֶד֙ כִּסֵּ֔א וְיָשַׁ֥ב עָלָ֛יו בֶּאֱמֶ֖ת בְּאֹ֣הֶל דָּוִ֑ד שֹׁפֵ֛ט וְדֹרֵ֥שׁ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּמְהִ֥ר צֶֽדֶק׃ |
And a throne will be established in kindness, And he will sit on it In truth in David's tent, Judging and seeking justice, And being quick with righteousness. |
quick with ← quick of. Wider use of the construct state, here of an adjective. |
| Isa 16:6 | שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּ֣א מְאֹ֑ד גַּאֲוָת֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ לֹא־כֵ֥ן בַּדָּֽיו׃ ס |
And we have heard of the pride of Moab – He is very proud – With his haughtiness and his pride and his presumptuousness. His lies are groundless. |
|| Jer 48:29, Jer 48:30.
presumptuousness: or wrath. are groundless: AV differs (shall not be so). |
| Isa 16:7 | לָכֵ֗ן יְיֵלִ֥יל מוֹאָ֛ב לְמוֹאָ֖ב כֻּלֹּ֣ה יְיֵלִ֑יל לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י קִיר־חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת תֶּהְגּ֖וּ אַךְ־נְכָאִֽים׃ |
This is why Moab will wail. Each one will wail for all Moab; You will lament the foundations of Kir-Hareseth, Seeing how much they have been battered. |
|| Jer 48:31.
this is why ... all Moab: AV differs in word association (therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl). |
| Isa 16:8 | כִּ֣י שַׁדְמוֹת֩ חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן אֻמְלָ֜ל גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֗ה בַּעֲלֵ֤י גוֹיִם֙ הָלְמ֣וּ שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ עַד־יַעְזֵ֥ר נָגָ֖עוּ תָּ֣עוּ מִדְבָּ֑ר שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ נִטְּשׁ֖וּ עָ֥בְרוּ יָֽם׃ |
For the cornfields of Heshbon languish, As does the vine of Sibmah. The Gentile rulers have struck its tendrils; They have reached Jazer; Those struck wander in the desert. Its shoots have been forsaken; Those forsaken have crossed the sea. |
|| Jer 48:32.
Jazer: see Num 21:32. |
| Isa 16:9 | עַל־כֵּ֡ן אֶבְכֶּ֞ה בִּבְכִ֤י יַעְזֵר֙ גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה אֲרַיָּ֙וֶךְ֙ דִּמְעָתִ֔י חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה כִּ֧י עַל־קֵיצֵ֛ךְ וְעַל־קְצִירֵ֖ךְ הֵידָ֥ד נָפָֽל׃ |
That is why I will tearfully weep For Jazer and the vine of Sibmah. I will saturate you with my tears, Heshbon and Elealeh, For a war cry has fallen against your summer fruit And against your harvest. |
tearfully weep ← weep with weeping (not an infinitive absolute).
Jazer: see Num 21:32. Elealeh: see Num 32:2. |
| Isa 16:10 | וְנֶאֱסַ֨ף שִׂמְחָ֤ה וָגִיל֙ מִן־הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל וּבַכְּרָמִ֥ים לֹֽא־יְרֻנָּ֖ן לֹ֣א יְרֹעָ֑ע יַ֗יִן בַּיְקָבִ֛ים לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֥ךְ הַדֹּרֵ֖ךְ הֵידָ֥ד הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃ |
And joy and rejoicing will be taken away from the orchard, And in the vineyards there will be neither shouting for joy nor jubilation. The treader will not tread wine in the wine vats; I have put a stop to shouting. |
|| Jer 48:33.
taken away ← gathered in, an expression used of death, as in Gen 25:8. |
| Isa 16:11 | עַל־כֵּן֙ מֵעַ֣י לְמוֹאָ֔ב כַּכִּנּ֖וֹר יֶֽהֱמ֑וּ וְקִרְבִּ֖י לְקִ֥יר חָֽרֶשׂ׃ |
That is why my inward parts are humming for Moab, Like a harp, And my inside For Kir-Hares. |
|| Jer 48:36.
humming: or disquieted. The verb is used of emotion as well as physical motion and sounds. Kir-Hares: AV= Kir-haresh, with a shin for a sin. Compare 2 Ki 3:25. |
| Isa 16:12 | וְהָיָ֧ה כִֽי־נִרְאָ֛ה כִּֽי־נִלְאָ֥ה מוֹאָ֖ב עַל־הַבָּמָ֑ה וּבָ֧א אֶל־מִקְדָּשׁ֛וֹ לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל וְלֹ֥א יוּכָֽל׃ |
And it will come to pass That it will be seen That Moab is weary on the idolatrous raised site, And it will go to its sanctuary to pray, But it will not gain strength. |
gain strength ← be able / prevail. |
| Isa 16:13 | זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מוֹאָ֖ב מֵאָֽז׃ | This is the word which the Lord spoke to Moab at that time. | at that time ← from that time. |
| Isa 16:14 | וְעַתָּ֗ה דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְנִקְלָה֙ כְּב֣וֹד מוֹאָ֔ב בְּכֹ֖ל הֶהָמ֣וֹן הָרָ֑ב וּשְׁאָ֥ר מְעַ֛ט מִזְעָ֖ר ל֥וֹא כַבִּֽיר׃ ס | But the Lord has spoken now and said, “In three years according to the contractual years of a hired worker, the glory of Moab will be made light of, despite all its vast multitude. And the remnant will be few – minute – and by no means great.” | despite ← in. |
| Isa 17:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א דַּמָּ֑שֶׂק הִנֵּ֤ה דַמֶּ֙שֶׂק֙ מוּסָ֣ר מֵעִ֔יר וְהָיְתָ֖ה מְעִ֥י מַפָּלָֽה׃ |
The burden of Damascus.
“Behold, Damascus will be deprived of its existence as a city, And it will become a heap of ruins. |
deprived of ← removed from. |
| Isa 17:2 | עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ |
The cities of Aroer will be abandoned; They will be for flocks, Which will lie down, And there will be no-one to cause fear. |
Compare this verse with Lev 26:6, Job 11:19, Mic 4:4, Zeph 3:13, Ezek 34:28. |
| Isa 17:3 | וְנִשְׁבַּ֤ת מִבְצָר֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם וּמַמְלָכָ֥ה מִדַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק וּשְׁאָ֣ר אֲרָ֑ם כִּכְב֤וֹד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִֽהְי֔וּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ ס |
Fortifications will cease to exist in Ephraim, As will the kingdom in Damascus and the rest of Aramaea. They will be like the glory of the sons of Israel, Says the Lord of hosts. |
fortifications ← a fortification.
in (2x) ← from. |
| Isa 17:4 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִדַּ֖ל כְּב֣וֹד יַעֲקֹ֑ב וּמִשְׁמַ֥ן בְּשָׂר֖וֹ יֵרָזֶֽה׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the glory of Jacob will be brought low, And his complexion will become leaner, |
his complexion will become leaner ← the fatness of his flesh will be thinned. |
| Isa 17:5 | וְהָיָ֗ה כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙ קָצִ֣יר קָמָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ שִׁבֳּלִ֣ים יִקְצ֑וֹר וְהָיָ֛ה כִּמְלַקֵּ֥ט שִׁבֳּלִ֖ים בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ |
And it will come to pass, When the reaper gathers the corn, And his arm reaps the ears of corn, That he will be like a gleaner of ears of corn In the Valley of the Rephaim. |
when the reaper gathers the corn ← at the gathering the harvest, the corn.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| Isa 17:6 | וְנִשְׁאַר־בּ֤וֹ עֽוֹלֵלֹת֙ כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת שְׁנַ֧יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֛ה גַּרְגְּרִ֖ים בְּרֹ֣אשׁ אָמִ֑יר אַרְבָּעָ֣ה חֲמִשָּׁ֗ה בִּסְעִפֶ֙יהָ֙ פֹּֽרִיָּ֔ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
But there will remain gleanings in it, And at the beating of the olive tree There will fall two or three fruits on the topmost bough, And four or five on its fruit-bearing branches, Says the Lord God of Israel. |
at the beating ← as the beating. |
| Isa 17:7 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִשְׁעֶ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם עַל־עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וְעֵינָ֕יו אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תִּרְאֶֽינָה׃ |
On that day a man will behold his maker, And his eyes will see the holy one of Israel. |
|
| Isa 17:8 | וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁעֶ֔ה אֶל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֖וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֑יו וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֤וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֔ה וְהָאֲשֵׁרִ֖ים וְהָחַמָּנִֽים׃ |
And he will not behold the altars which are the work of his hands, And he will not look at what his fingers have made – Neither the phallic parks Nor the sun-images. |
|
| Isa 17:9 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִהְי֣וּ ׀ עָרֵ֣י מָעֻזּ֗וֹ כַּעֲזוּבַ֤ת הַחֹ֙רֶשׁ֙ וְהָ֣אָמִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָזְב֔וּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֖ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃ |
On that day his fortified cities Will be like the wilderness of a copse or a thicket, Which they have abandoned because of the sons of Israel, And they will become a desolation. |
his fortified cities ← the cities of his stronghold, a Hebraic genitive.
wilderness ← abandonment. thicket ← ramification. they ← it, ref. what is abandoned. |
| Isa 17:10 | כִּ֤י שָׁכַ֙חַתְּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ וְצ֥וּר מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְ לֹ֣א זָכָ֑רְתְּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּטְּעִי֙ נִטְעֵ֣י נַעֲמָנִ֔ים וּזְמֹ֥רַת זָ֖ר תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
For you have forgotten the God of your salvation, And you have not remembered the rock of your stronghold, Which is why you will plant pleasant plants, But you will graft foreign branches on it. |
graft ← sow, plant.
foreign branches ← a branch of the foreigner. A metaphor for idolatry. |
| Isa 17:11 | בְּי֤וֹם נִטְעֵךְ֙ תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִי וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר זַרְעֵ֣ךְ תַּפְרִ֑יחִי נֵ֥ד קָצִ֛יר בְּי֥וֹם נַחֲלָ֖ה וּכְאֵ֥ב אָנֽוּשׁ׃ ס |
On the day you plant it, You cause it to grow, And on the morning you sow it, You make it thrive, But the harvest will be a worthless heap On a day of sickness and grievous pain. |
sow: perhaps graft, as in Isa 17:10. |
| Isa 17:12 | ה֗וֹי הֲמוֹן֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמ֥וֹת יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁא֣וֹן לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁא֛וֹן מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃ |
Woe to the multitude of many nations, Who are in a tumult like the turbulence of the seas, And the uproar of peoples – Like the roaring sound When mighty waters roar. |
|
| Isa 17:13 | לְאֻמִּ֗ים כִּשְׁא֞וֹן מַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ יִשָּׁא֔וּן וְגָ֥עַר בּ֖וֹ וְנָ֣ס מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק וְרֻדַּ֗ף כְּמֹ֤ץ הָרִים֙ לִפְנֵי־ר֔וּחַ וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י סוּפָֽה׃ |
The peoples roar Like the roaring sound when mighty waters roar. But he will rebuke them and they will flee far away, And they will be chased like chaff of the mountains before the wind, And like swirling debris in a whirlwind. |
them ... they ... they ← him ... he ... he.
in a whirlwind ← before a whirlwind. |
| Isa 17:14 | לְעֵ֥ת עֶ֙רֶב֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה בַלָּהָ֔ה בְּטֶ֥רֶם בֹּ֖קֶר אֵינֶ֑נּוּ זֶ֚ה חֵ֣לֶק שׁוֹסֵ֔ינוּ וְגוֹרָ֖ל לְבֹזְזֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
At evening time there will be terror, And before the morning they will not be there. This is the part of those who spoil us, And the fate of those who plunder us. |
there will be ← behold.
they ← he. The collective peoples of the previous verse. |
| Isa 18:1 | ה֥וֹי אֶ֖רֶץ צִלְצַ֣ל כְּנָפָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְנַֽהֲרֵי־כֽוּשׁ׃ |
Woe to the land of rustling wings, Which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, |
rustling: AV differs (shadowing with). |
| Isa 18:2 | הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ בַּיָּ֜ם צִירִ֗ים וּבִכְלֵי־גֹמֶא֮ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַיִם֒ לְכ֣וּ ׀ מַלְאָכִ֣ים קַלִּ֗ים אֶל־גּוֹי֙ מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ וּמוֹרָ֔ט אֶל־עַ֥ם נוֹרָ֖א מִן־ה֣וּא וָהָ֑לְאָה גּ֚וֹי קַו־קָ֣ו וּמְבוּסָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּזְא֥וּ נְהָרִ֖ים אַרְצֽוֹ׃ |
Which sends ambassadors by sea In papyrus vessels over the water, To say, ‘Go, you swift messengers, To a people under strain And plucked bald, To a people fearsome ever since when they first existed – A nation of strong rule but trodden down, Whose land the rivers have devastated.’ |
sea: also for inland water.
under strain ← stretched. AV differs (scattered). ever since when they first existed ← from it and onwards. strong rule ← a line, a line, or a rule, a rule. |
| Isa 18:3 | כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵ֖ל וְשֹׁ֣כְנֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּנְשֹׂא־נֵ֤ס הָרִים֙ תִּרְא֔וּ וְכִתְקֹ֥עַ שׁוֹפָ֖ר תִּשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ ס |
All you inhabitants of the world And dwellers of the earth: At the raising of an ensign on the mountains, Observe it, And at the sounding of the ramshorn, Listen. |
|
| Isa 18:4 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י *אשקוטה **אֶשְׁקֳטָ֖ה וְאַבִּ֣יטָה בִמְכוֹנִ֑י כְּחֹ֥ם צַח֙ עֲלֵי־א֔וֹר כְּעָ֥ב טַ֖ל בְּחֹ֥ם קָצִֽיר׃ |
For this is what the Lord has said to me: ‘I will be quiet, And I will look at my abode, Like a serene heat in daylight, And like a cloud of dew In the heat of the harvest.’ |
I will be quiet: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
this is what ← thus. in daylight: AV differs (upon herbs). |
| Isa 18:5 | כִּֽי־לִפְנֵ֤י קָצִיר֙ כְּתָם־פֶּ֔רַח וּבֹ֥סֶר גֹּמֵ֖ל יִֽהְיֶ֣ה נִצָּ֑ה וְכָרַ֤ת הַזַּלְזַלִּים֙ בַּמַּזְמֵר֔וֹת וְאֶת־הַנְּטִישׁ֖וֹת הֵסִ֥יר הֵתַֽז׃ |
For before the harvest when the blossom has come to an end, And unripe grapes become mature from the flower, He will cut the branches with pruning shears And cut and remove the shoots. |
cut and remove ← remove, cut. |
| Isa 18:6 | יֵעָזְב֤וּ יַחְדָּו֙ לְעֵ֣יט הָרִ֔ים וּֽלְבֶהֱמַ֖ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְקָ֤ץ עָלָיו֙ הָעַ֔יִט וְכָל־בֶּהֱמַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ עָלָ֥יו תֶּחֱרָֽף׃ |
They will be left together To the birds of prey of the mountains And the wild animals. And the birds of prey will prey on them in the summer, While all the wild animals will be the predators in the winter. |
wild animals (2x) ← animals of the land.
will prey on them in the summer ← will pass the summer on him. will be the predators in the winter ← will pass the winter on him. |
| Isa 18:7 | בָּעֵת֩ הַהִ֨יא יֽוּבַל־שַׁ֜י לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת עַ֚ם מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ וּמוֹרָ֔ט וּמֵעַ֥ם נוֹרָ֖א מִן־ה֣וּא וָהָ֑לְאָה גּ֣וֹי ׀ קַו־קָ֣ו וּמְבוּסָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּזְא֤וּ נְהָרִים֙ אַרְצ֔וֹ אֶל־מְק֛וֹם שֵׁם־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת הַר־צִיּֽוֹן׃ ס |
At that time a gift will be brought to the Lord of hosts – By a people under strain And plucked bald, And from a people fearsome ever since when they first existed, A nation of strong rule but trodden down, Whose land the rivers have devastated – Brought to the place of the name of the Lord of hosts: Mount Zion.” |
Compare Isa 18:2. |
| Isa 19:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א מִצְרָ֑יִם הִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה רֹכֵ֨ב עַל־עָ֥ב קַל֙ וּבָ֣א מִצְרַ֔יִם וְנָע֞וּ אֱלִילֵ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וּלְבַ֥ב מִצְרַ֖יִם יִמַּ֥ס בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ |
The burden of Egypt.
“Behold, the Lord is riding on a swift cloud, And is coming to Egypt. Then the idols of Egypt will reel at his presence, And Egypt's heart will melt inside it. |
burden: see Isa 13:1. |
| Isa 19:2 | וְסִכְסַכְתִּ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְנִלְחֲמ֥וּ אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֖יו וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ עִ֣יר בְּעִ֔יר מַמְלָכָ֖ה בְּמַמְלָכָֽה׃ |
And I will incite Egypt against Egypt, And a man will fight his brother, And a man his neighbour, And a city a city, And a kingdom a kingdom. |
Matt 24:7, Mark 13:8, Luke 21:10, loosely. |
| Isa 19:3 | וְנָבְקָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַעֲצָת֖וֹ אֲבַלֵּ֑עַ וְדָרְשׁ֤וּ אֶל־הָֽאֱלִילִים֙ וְאֶל־הָ֣אִטִּ֔ים וְאֶל־הָאֹב֖וֹת וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִֽים׃ |
And the spirit of Egypt will drain away inside them, And I will overthrow their counsel, And they will seek the idols and the necromancers, And the soothsayers and the wizards. |
drain away ← be emptied.
overthrow ← swallow. |
| Isa 19:4 | וְסִכַּרְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּיַ֖ד אֲדֹנִ֣ים קָשֶׁ֑ה וּמֶ֤לֶךְ עַז֙ יִמְשָׁל־בָּ֔ם נְאֻ֥ם הָאָד֖וֹן יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ |
And I will deliver Egypt up into the hand of a harsh master, And a fierce king will rule over them, Says the Lord, The Lord of hosts. |
|
| Isa 19:5 | וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַ֖יִם מֵֽהַיָּ֑ם וְנָהָ֖ר יֶחֱרַ֥ב וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃ |
And the waters of the sea will dry up, And the river will become parched and arid. |
|
| Isa 19:6 | וְהֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ נְהָר֔וֹת דָּלֲל֥וּ וְחָרְב֖וּ יְאֹרֵ֣י מָצ֑וֹר קָנֶ֥ה וָס֖וּף קָמֵֽלוּ׃ |
And the rivers will stink, And the canals for fortifications will run low and will dry up; The reed and the sedge will wither. |
the rivers will stink: AV differs (they shall turn the rivers far away). |
| Isa 19:7 | עָר֥וֹת עַל־יְא֖וֹר עַל־פִּ֣י יְא֑וֹר וְכֹל֙ מִזְרַ֣ע יְא֔וֹר יִיבַ֥שׁ נִדַּ֖ף וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The pastures by the river And in the river estuary, And every crop dependent on the river Will dry up and be driven about, And it will be gone. |
estuary ← mouth.
crop ← sowing. dependent on ← of. Wider use of the construct state. will be gone ← (will be) not. |
| Isa 19:8 | וְאָנוּ֙ הַדַּיָּגִ֔ים וְאָ֣בְל֔וּ כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵ֥י בַיְא֖וֹר חַכָּ֑ה וּפֹרְשֵׂ֥י מִכְמֹ֛רֶת עַל־פְּנֵי־מַ֖יִם אֻמְלָֽלוּ׃ |
And the fishermen will sigh and mourn; All who cast a hook into the river, And those who stretch a net over the water Will languish. |
|
| Isa 19:9 | וּבֹ֛שׁוּ עֹבְדֵ֥י פִשְׁתִּ֖ים שְׂרִיק֑וֹת וְאֹרְגִ֖ים חוֹרָֽי׃ |
And the workers in combed flax will be at a loss, As will the weavers of white linen. |
be at a loss ← be ashamed. |
| Isa 19:10 | וְהָי֥וּ שָׁתֹתֶ֖יהָ מְדֻכָּאִ֑ים כָּל־עֹ֥שֵׂי שֶׂ֖כֶר אַגְמֵי־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
And its foundations will be broken in pieces – All who earn wages from lakes Harbouring aquatic life. |
foundations: the river provides the foundation of the economy.
earn wages ← make wages. AV differs (make sluices). life ← soul. |
| Isa 19:11 | אַךְ־אֱוִלִים֙ שָׂ֣רֵי צֹ֔עַן חַכְמֵי֙ יֹעֲצֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה עֵצָ֖ה נִבְעָרָ֑ה אֵ֚יךְ תֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה בֶּן־חֲכָמִ֥ים אֲנִ֖י בֶּן־מַלְכֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃ |
What fools the officials of Zoan are – The wise men who give Pharaoh dim-witted advice! How can you say to Pharaoh, ‘I am a son of the wise; I am a son of the eastern kings’? |
give ... advice ← advise ... advice.
dim-witted ← brutish. eastern: or ancient, as AV. So AV differs. |
| Isa 19:12 | אַיָּם֙ אֵפ֣וֹא חֲכָמֶ֔יךָ וְיַגִּ֥ידוּ נָ֖א לָ֑ךְ וְיֵ֣דְע֔וּ מַה־יָּעַ֛ץ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
Where are they? Where are your wise men? And may they tell you, and may they discern What the Lord of hosts has decreed Concerning Egypt. |
|
| Isa 19:13 | נֽוֹאֲלוּ֙ שָׂ֣רֵי צֹ֔עַן נִשְּׁא֖וּ שָׂ֣רֵי נֹ֑ף הִתְע֥וּ אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם פִּנַּ֥ת שְׁבָטֶֽיהָ׃ |
The officials of Zoan have become foolish; The officials of Noph have been deceived. They – the elite of its tribes – Have led Egypt astray. |
Noph: i.e. Memphis. |
| Isa 19:14 | יְהוָ֛ה מָסַ֥ךְ בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ ר֣וּחַ עִוְעִ֑ים וְהִתְע֤וּ אֶת־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּכָֽל־מַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּ כְּהִתָּע֥וֹת שִׁכּ֖וֹר בְּקִיאֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord has infused a spirit of misdirection in its precincts, And they have led Egypt astray in all its dealings, As a drunk strays off in his vomit. |
precincts ← midst.
Compare the verse to Job 12:25. |
| Isa 19:15 | וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְמִצְרַ֖יִם מַֽעֲשֶׂ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲשֶׂ֛ה רֹ֥אשׁ וְזָנָ֖ב כִּפָּ֥ה וְאַגְמֽוֹן׃ ס |
And Egypt will not have any work, Which the head or tail, Palm-branch or bulrush Might do. |
palm-branch or bulrush: compare Isa 9:13 (Isa 9:14AV). |
| Isa 19:16 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִֽהְיֶ֥ה מִצְרַ֖יִם כַּנָּשִׁ֑ים וְחָרַ֣ד ׀ וּפָחַ֗ד מִפְּנֵי֙ תְּנוּפַת֙ יַד־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא מֵנִ֥יף עָלָֽיו׃ | On that day, Egypt will be like women, and it will tremble and be fearful of the Lord of hosts raising his hand which he raises over them. | raises ← waves, but also raises. |
| Isa 19:17 | וְ֠הָיְתָה אַדְמַ֨ת יְהוּדָ֤ה לְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְחָגָּ֔א כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַזְכִּ֥יר אֹתָ֛הּ אֵלָ֖יו יִפְחָ֑ד מִפְּנֵ֗י עֲצַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא יוֹעֵ֥ץ עָלָֽיו׃ ס | And the land of Judah will be an object of dread to Egypt. Everyone who mentions it will fear for himself, because of the decision of the Lord of hosts which he has taken concerning it. |
decision ← counsel.
has taken ← counsels. |
| Isa 19:18 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִהְיוּ֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ שְׂפַ֣ת כְּנַ֔עַן וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת עִ֣יר הַהֶ֔רֶס יֵאָמֵ֖ר לְאֶחָֽת׃ ס | On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt speaking the language of Canaan, and who swear to the Lord of hosts. One will be called the City of Destruction. | City of Destruction: [CB] argues that the original was, as in LXX, City of Righteousness, later changed to City of the Sun, Heliopolis, and finally to City of Destruction. See [CB] and [BHS-CA]. |
| Isa 19:19 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶ֤ה מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וּמַצֵּבָ֥ה אֵֽצֶל־גְּבוּלָ֖הּ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | On that day there will be an altar to the Lord in the middle of the land of Egypt, and a monument to the Lord at its border. | |
| Isa 19:20 | וְהָיָ֨ה לְא֥וֹת וּלְעֵ֛ד לַֽיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־יִצְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י לֹֽחֲצִ֔ים וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח לָהֶ֛ם מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ וָרָ֖ב וְהִצִּילָֽם׃ | And it will be as a sign and a testimony to the Lord of hosts in the land of Egypt, for they will cry out to the Lord because of oppressors, and he will send them a saviour who will be great and who will save them. | great: from רָבַב or, from רִיב, a defender [AnLx]. [BDB] admits great, but not [AnLx]. |
| Isa 19:21 | וְנוֹדַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לְמִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְעָֽבְדוּ֙ זֶ֣בַח וּמִנְחָ֔ה וְנָדְרוּ־נֵ֥דֶר לַֽיהוָ֖ה וְשִׁלֵּֽמוּ׃ | And the Lord will be known to Egypt, and Egypt will know the Lord on that day, and they will make sacrifices and meal-offerings, and they will make vows to the Lord and fulfil them. |
sacrifices and meal-offerings ← sacrifice and meal-offering.
make vows ← vow a vow. |
| Isa 19:22 | וְנָגַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם נָגֹ֣ף וְרָפ֑וֹא וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ עַד־יְהוָ֔ה וְנֶעְתַּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם וּרְפָאָֽם׃ | And the Lord will strike Egypt – strike and heal – and they will return to the Lord, and he will accede to their entreaty and heal them. | strike and heal: both infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 19:23 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא תִּהְיֶ֨ה מְסִלָּ֤ה מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ אַשּׁ֔וּרָה וּבָֽא־אַשּׁ֥וּר בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם וּמִצְרַ֣יִם בְּאַשּׁ֑וּר וְעָבְד֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם אֶת־אַשּֽׁוּר׃ ס | On that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and Assyria will come to Egypt, and Egypt to Assyria, and Egypt will serve with Assyria. | serve with Assyria: or, theoretically, serve Assyria. |
| Isa 19:24 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִהְיֶ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שְׁלִ֣ישִׁיָּ֔ה לְמִצְרַ֖יִם וּלְאַשּׁ֑וּר בְּרָכָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | On that day, Israel will be a joint third with Egypt and Assyria, as a blessing in the middle of the land, | |
| Isa 19:25 | אֲשֶׁ֧ר בֵּרֲכ֛וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר בָּר֨וּךְ עַמִּ֜י מִצְרַ֗יִם וּמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדַי֙ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְנַחֲלָתִ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | because the Lord of hosts will bless it and say, ‘Blessed is my people Egypt, and the work of my hands Assyria, and my inheritance Israel.’ ” | |
| Isa 20:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת בֹּ֤א תַרְתָּן֙ אַשְׁדּ֔וֹדָה בִּשְׁלֹ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ סַֽרְג֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם בְּאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃ | In the year when Tartan came to Ashdod, when Sargon king of Assyria sent him, he fought against Ashdod and captured it. | |
| Isa 20:2 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ בְּיַ֣ד יְשַׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמוֹץ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ לֵ֗ךְ וּפִתַּחְתָּ֤ הַשַּׂק֙ מֵעַ֣ל מָתְנֶ֔יךָ וְנַעַלְךָ֥ תַחֲלֹ֖ץ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑יךָ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ כֵּ֔ן הָלֹ֖ךְ עָר֥וֹם וְיָחֵֽף׃ ס | At that time the Lord spoke through Isaiah the son of Amoz and said, “Go and unbind the sackcloth around your waist, and remove your shoes from your feet.” And he did so and went around naked and barefoot. |
through ← by the hand of.
around ← from on. went around: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 20:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלַ֛ךְ עַבְדִּ֥י יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ עָר֣וֹם וְיָחֵ֑ף שָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ א֣וֹת וּמוֹפֵ֔ת עַל־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְעַל־כּֽוּשׁ׃ | And the Lord said, “Just as my servant Isaiah is walking around naked and barefoot for three years as a sign and a portent concerning Egypt and Ethiopia, | |
| Isa 20:4 | כֵּ֣ן יִנְהַ֣ג מֶֽלֶךְ־אַ֠שּׁוּר אֶת־שְׁבִ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם וְאֶת־גָּל֥וּת כּ֛וּשׁ נְעָרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים עָר֣וֹם וְיָחֵ֑ף וַחֲשׂוּפַ֥י שֵׁ֖ת עֶרְוַ֥ת מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | so the king of Assyria will lead the captives of Egypt and the deportees of Ethiopia – children and the elderly – naked and barefoot and with exposed buttocks, to Egypt's shame. | |
| Isa 20:5 | וְחַתּ֖וּ וָבֹ֑שׁוּ מִכּוּשׁ֙ מַבָּטָ֔ם וּמִן־מִצְרַ֖יִם תִּפְאַרְתָּֽם׃ | And they will fear and be ashamed of Ethiopia, the object of their expectation, and of Egypt the object of their glorying. | |
| Isa 20:6 | וְ֠אָמַר יֹשֵׁ֨ב הָאִ֣י הַזֶּה֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֒ הִנֵּה־כֹ֣ה מַבָּטֵ֗נוּ אֲשֶׁר־נַ֤סְנוּ שָׁם֙ לְעֶזְרָ֔ה לְהִ֨נָּצֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְאֵ֖יךְ נִמָּלֵ֥ט אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ ס | And the inhabitant of this coastland will say on that day, ‘Just look at the object of our expectation to whom we fled for help, to be delivered from the king of Assyria! And how will we escape?’ ” |
coastland: or island.
just look ← behold thus. to whom ← where. |
| Isa 21:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר־יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃ |
The burden of the Desert of the Sea.
Like the passing of whirlwinds in the south, It is coming from the desert – From a fearsome country. |
the Desert of the Sea: [CB] refers this to Babylon; compare Isa 21:9. |
| Isa 21:2 | חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃ |
A harsh vision has been shown to me: The traitor betraying, and the plunderer plundering. Go up, Elam! Besiege, Media! I have put a stop to all sighing. |
shown ← told, declared.
go up: i.e. go to war. Compare Ex 1:10, Judg 20:18, 2 Sam 23:9. |
| Isa 21:3 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃ |
This is why my waist is in pain: Writhings have seized me, Like the writhings of a woman giving birth. I am bent with pain at hearing it; I am terrified at seeing it. |
at hearing ... at seeing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 21:4 | תָּעָ֣ה לְבָבִ֔י פַּלָּצ֖וּת בִּֽעֲתָ֑תְנִי אֵ֚ת נֶ֣שֶׁף חִשְׁקִ֔י שָׂ֥ם לִ֖י לַחֲרָדָֽה׃ |
My heart is distraught. Something horrible has terrified me; It has made my pleasant night My time of trepidation. |
is distraught ← has gone astray. AV differs somewhat (panted). |
| Isa 21:5 | עָרֹ֧ךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן צָפֹ֥ה הַצָּפִ֖ית אָכ֣וֹל שָׁתֹ֑ה ק֥וּמוּ הַשָּׂרִ֖ים מִשְׁח֥וּ מָגֵֽן׃ פ |
Prepare the table, Let the watch keep watch, Eat and drink, Arise, you commanders; Anoint the shield. |
keep watch ... eat ... drink: all infinitive absolute.
anoint ← consecrate. |
| Isa 21:6 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֵלַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י לֵ֚ךְ הַעֲמֵ֣ד הַֽמְצַפֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִרְאֶ֖ה יַגִּֽיד׃ |
For this is what the Lord* says to me:
“Go and appoint a watchman Who will report what he sees.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
this is what ← thus. a watchman ← the watchman. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Isa 21:7 | וְרָ֣אָה רֶ֗כֶב צֶ֚מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים רֶ֥כֶב חֲמ֖וֹר רֶ֣כֶב גָּמָ֑ל וְהִקְשִׁ֥יב קֶ֖שֶׁב רַב־קָֽשֶׁב׃ |
And he saw a chariot fleet – Horsemen in pairs, A chariot fleet with donkeys, A chariot fleet with camels – And he listened attentively, Very attentively. |
|
| Isa 21:8 | וַיִּקְרָ֖א אַרְיֵ֑ה עַל־מִצְפֶּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י אָנֹכִ֞י עֹמֵ֤ד תָּמִיד֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְעַל־מִ֨שְׁמַרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב כָּל־הַלֵּילֽוֹת׃ |
And he called out, “A lion. O Lord*. I stand continually on the watchtower by day, And I am stationed at my guard post every night. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 21:9 | וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And here is what is coming: A manned chariot fleet and horsemen in pairs.” And he answered and said, “Babylon has fallen; it has fallen. And he has torn all the carved images of its gods Down to the ground.” |
Rev 14:8, Rev 18:2.
here is ← behold this. pairs ← a pair, but we take it as collective usage. torn ... down ← broken. |
| Isa 21:10 | מְדֻשָׁתִ֖י וּבֶן־גָּרְנִ֑י אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָכֶֽם׃ ס |
O threshed people of mine, And my product of the threshing floor, I have reported to you What I have heard from the Lord of hosts – The God of Israel. |
my product of the threshing floor ← son of my threshing floor. |
| Isa 21:11 | מַשָּׂ֖א דּוּמָ֑ה אֵלַי֙ קֹרֵ֣א מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר שֹׁמֵר֙ מַה־מִלַּ֔יְלָה שֹׁמֵ֖ר מַה־מִלֵּֽיל׃ |
The burden of Idumea.
He is calling out to me from Seir, “Watchman, what is there to report from the night? Watchman, what is there to report from the night?” |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
Idumea ← Dumah, i.e. Edom. |
| Isa 21:12 | אָמַ֣ר שֹׁמֵ֔ר אָתָ֥ה בֹ֖קֶר וְגַם־לָ֑יְלָה אִם־תִּבְעָי֥וּן בְּעָ֖יוּ שֻׁ֥בוּ אֵתָֽיוּ׃ ס |
The watchman said, “The morning is coming, And also the night. If you will inquire, Do inquire. Return and come.” |
return and come: i.e. go home for now and come again to inquire again later. Compare [CB]. |
| Isa 21:13 | מַשָּׂ֖א בַּעְרָ֑ב בַּיַּ֤עַר בַּעְרַב֙ תָּלִ֔ינוּ אֹֽרְח֖וֹת דְּדָנִֽים׃ |
The burden in Arabia.
You will lodge in the forest in Arabia, You Dedanite travelling companies. |
burden: see Isa 13:1. |
| Isa 21:14 | לִקְרַ֥את צָמֵ֖א הֵתָ֣יוּ מָ֑יִם יֹשְׁבֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ תֵּימָ֔א בְּלַחְמ֖וֹ קִדְּמ֥וּ נֹדֵֽד׃ |
The inhabitants of the land of Tema Brought water to him who is thirsty; They met the fugitive With food for him. |
brought ... met: these indicatives could be re-pointed as imperatives.
food for him ← his bread. |
| Isa 21:15 | כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲרָב֖וֹת נָדָ֑דוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י ׀ חֶ֣רֶב נְטוּשָׁ֗ה וּמִפְּנֵי֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת דְּרוּכָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י כֹּ֥בֶד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ ס |
For they flee from swords, From the drawn sword And from the drawn bow, And from the violence of war. |
violence ← heaviness, but, with [AnLx], also violence. |
| Isa 21:16 | כִּי־כֹ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֲדֹנָ֖י אֵלָ֑י בְּע֤וֹד שָׁנָה֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְכָלָ֖ה כָּל־כְּב֥וֹד קֵדָֽר׃ |
For this is what the Lord* said to me:
“In another year According to the contractual years of a hired worker, All the glory of Kedar Will come to an end. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 21:17 | וּשְׁאָ֧ר מִסְפַּר־קֶ֛שֶׁת גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־קֵדָ֖ר יִמְעָ֑טוּ כִּ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
And the number of archers remaining – The warriors from among the sons of Kedar – Will become few, For the Lord God of Israel has spoken.” |
the number of archers remaining ← the remainder of the number of the bow.
from among ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 22:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א גֵּ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מַה־לָּ֣ךְ אֵפ֔וֹא כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית כֻּלָּ֖ךְ לַגַּגּֽוֹת׃ |
The burden of the Valley of Vision.
What is the matter with you, then? For you have all gone up to the roofs. |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
you have all ← all of you (singular) has. |
| Isa 22:2 | תְּשֻׁא֣וֹת ׀ מְלֵאָ֗ה עִ֚יר הֽוֹמִיָּ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה עַלִּיזָ֑ה חֲלָלַ֙יִךְ֙ לֹ֣א חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹ֖א מֵתֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
You bustling city, Full of noise, Joyful town, Your casualties are not casualties of the sword, And are not dead from war. |
|
| Isa 22:3 | כָּל־קְצִינַ֥יִךְ נָֽדְדוּ־יַ֖חַד מִקֶּ֣שֶׁת אֻסָּ֑רוּ כָּל־נִמְצָאַ֙יִךְ֙ אֻסְּר֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו מֵרָח֖וֹק בָּרָֽחוּ׃ |
All your officers have fled together; They have been brought into bondage by the bow. All those present have been brought into bondage together; They have fled far away. |
present ← found. |
| Isa 22:4 | עַל־כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֛רְתִּי שְׁע֥וּ מִנִּ֖י אֲמָרֵ֣ר בַּבֶּ֑כִי אַל־תָּאִ֣יצוּ לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי עַל־שֹׁ֖ד בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ |
This is why I said, “Look away from me; I will weep bitterly. Do not hasten to comfort me About the devastation of the daughter of my people.” |
I will weep bitterly ← I will make bitterness with weeping. |
| Isa 22:5 | כִּ֣י יוֹם֩ מְהוּמָ֨ה וּמְבוּסָ֜ה וּמְבוּכָ֗ה לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּגֵ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר וְשׁ֥וֹעַ אֶל־הָהָֽר׃ |
For it is a day of tumult and treading down and confusion of the Lord – The Lord of hosts – In the Valley of Vision, Of undermining walls, And crying out to the mountain. |
mountain: perhaps standing for mountain range, mountains. |
| Isa 22:6 | וְעֵילָם֙ נָשָׂ֣א אַשְׁפָּ֔ה בְּרֶ֥כֶב אָדָ֖ם פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וְקִ֥יר עֵרָ֖ה מָגֵֽן׃ |
And Elam has borne the quiver, With a manned chariot fleet and horsemen, And Kir has bared the shield. |
|
| Isa 22:7 | וַיְהִ֥י מִבְחַר־עֲמָקַ֖יִךְ מָ֣לְאוּ רָ֑כֶב וְהַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים שֹׁ֖ת שָׁ֥תוּ הַשָּֽׁעְרָה׃ |
And it came to pass that your choice valleys were full of chariots, And the horsemen drew themselves up with vigour at the gate, |
drew themselves up with vigour: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 22:8 | וַיְגַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מָסַ֣ךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתַּבֵּט֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֶל־נֶ֖שֶׁק בֵּ֥ית הַיָּֽעַר׃ |
And they removed Judah's covering, And you saw on that day The weaponry of the house of the Forest. |
they ← he, referring to Elam.
house of the Forest: house of the Forest of Lebanon built at 1 Ki 7:2. |
| Isa 22:9 | וְאֵ֨ת בְּקִיעֵ֧י עִיר־דָּוִ֛ד רְאִיתֶ֖ם כִּי־רָ֑בּוּ וַֽתְּקַבְּצ֔וּ אֶת־מֵ֥י הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָֽה׃ |
And you have seen how numerous the breaches in the City of David are, And you have collected the water of the lower pool. |
|
| Isa 22:10 | וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סְפַרְתֶּ֑ם וַתִּתְֿצוּ֙ הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים לְבַצֵּ֖ר הַחוֹמָֽה׃ |
And you have counted the houses in Jerusalem, And you have pulled down houses To fortify the wall. |
|
| Isa 22:11 | וּמִקְוָ֣ה ׀ עֲשִׂיתֶ֗ם בֵּ֚ין הַחֹ֣מֹתַ֔יִם לְמֵ֖י הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הַיְשָׁנָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א הִבַּטְתֶּם֙ אֶל־עֹשֶׂ֔יהָ וְיֹצְרָ֥הּ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לֹ֥א רְאִיתֶֽם׃ |
And you made a reservoir between the two walls For the water of the old pool, But you have not had respect to its maker Or had regard for him who formed it long ago. |
|
| Isa 22:12 | וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לִבְכִי֙ וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר שָֽׂק׃ |
And on that day, My Lord the Lord of hosts proclaimed Weeping and mourning and baldness And girding up with sackcloth. |
|
| Isa 22:13 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג ׀ בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת׃ |
But what he saw was Rejoicing and merrymaking, Killing the ox and slaughtering the sheep, Eating meat and drinking wine, saying, “Eat and drink, For tomorrow we die.” |
1 Cor 15:32.
but what he saw was ← and behold. killing ... slaughtering ... eating ... drinking ... eat ... drink: all infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs. |
| Isa 22:14 | וְנִגְלָ֥ה בְאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־יְ֠כֻפַּר הֶעָוֺ֨ן הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ עַד־תְּמֻת֔וּן אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ |
And this was revealed in my ears By the Lord of hosts: “This iniquity of yours will certainly not be expiated Until you die, Says the Lord, The Lord of hosts.” |
will certainly not be expiated ← if it is expiated. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Isa 22:15 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת לֶךְ־בֹּא֙ אֶל־הַסֹּכֵ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־שֶׁבְנָ֖א אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הַבָּֽיִת׃ |
This is what my Lord the Lord of hosts says: “Depart and go to this steward, To Shebna, who is in charge of the house, |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 22:16 | מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹה֙ וּמִ֣י לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה כִּֽי־חָצַ֧בְתָּ לְּךָ֛ פֹּ֖ה קָ֑בֶר חֹצְבִ֤י מָרוֹם֙ קִבְר֔וֹ חֹקְקִ֥י בַסֶּ֖לַע מִשְׁכָּ֥ן לֽוֹ׃ |
And say, ‘What business do you have here? And just who are you here, That you should have hewn yourself a tomb here, Like someone hewing his tomb high up, Carving out an abode for himself in the rock? |
just: from a Hebrew ethic dative.
abode ← tabernacle. |
| Isa 22:17 | הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ מְטַלְטֶלְךָ֔ טַלְטֵלָ֖ה גָּ֑בֶר וְעֹטְךָ֖ עָטֹֽה׃ |
Look, the Lord is about to hurl you away with a mighty fling, And to completely envelop you. |
completely envelop: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 22:18 | צָנ֤וֹף יִצְנָפְךָ֙ צְנֵפָ֔ה כַּדּ֕וּר אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ רַחֲבַ֣ת יָדָ֑יִם שָׁ֣מָּה תָמ֗וּת וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ מַרְכְּב֣וֹת כְּבוֹדֶ֔ךָ קְל֖וֹן בֵּ֥ית אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ |
He will wrap a wrapping right around you And throw you like a ball into a very wide country, And there you will die, And there the chariots representing your glory Will be to the shame of the house of your master. |
wrap ... right around you: infinitive absolute. AV differs (surely violently turn and toss thee).
very wide ← wide of arms. representing ← of. |
| Isa 22:19 | וַהֲדַפְתִּ֖יךָ מִמַּצָּבֶ֑ךָ וּמִמַּעֲמָֽדְךָ֖ יֶהֶרְסֶֽךָ׃ |
And I will thrust you from your station, And he will pull you down from your high standing. |
|
| Isa 22:20 | וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְקָרָ֣אתִי לְעַבְדִּ֔י לְאֶלְיָקִ֖ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That I will call for my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah. |
|
| Isa 22:21 | וְהִלְבַּשְׁתִּ֣יו כֻּתָּנְתֶּ֗ךָ וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ֙ אֲחַזְּקֶ֔נּוּ וּמֶֽמְשֶׁלְתְּךָ֖ אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְאָ֛ב לְיוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וּלְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ |
And I will clothe him with your gown, And I will strengthen him with your girdle, And I will put your dominion in his hand, And he will become a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem And to the house of Judah. |
|
| Isa 22:22 | וְנָתַתִּ֛י מַפְתֵּ֥חַ בֵּית־דָּוִ֖ד עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וּפָתַח֙ וְאֵ֣ין סֹגֵ֔ר וְסָגַ֖ר וְאֵ֥ין פֹּתֵֽחַ׃ |
And I will put the key to the house of David on his shoulder, And he will open and no-one will shut, And he will shut, and no-one will open. |
Rev 3:7. |
| Isa 22:23 | וּתְקַעְתִּ֥יו יָתֵ֖ד בְּמָק֣וֹם נֶאֱמָ֑ן וְהָיָ֛ה לְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד לְבֵ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃ |
And I will secure him like a peg in a secure place, And he will become the occupier of the glorious throne Of the house of his father. |
the glorious throne ← throne of glory, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 22:24 | וְתָל֨וּ עָלָ֜יו כֹּ֣ל ׀ כְּב֣וֹד בֵּית־אָבִ֗יו הַצֶּֽאֱצָאִים֙ וְהַצְּפִע֔וֹת כֹּ֖ל כְּלֵ֣י הַקָּטָ֑ן מִכְּלֵי֙ הָֽאַגָּנ֔וֹת וְעַ֖ד כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הַנְּבָלִֽים׃ |
And they will bestow on him All the honour of his father's house, The offspring and the offshoots – All vessels of small capacity, From vessels of the bowl kind To all vessels of the jar kind.’ |
bestow ← hang. |
| Isa 22:25 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת תָּמוּשׁ֙ הַיָּתֵ֔ד הַתְּקוּעָ֖ה בְּמָק֣וֹם נֶאֱמָ֑ן וְנִגְדְּעָ֣ה וְנָפְלָ֗ה וְנִכְרַת֙ הַמַּשָּׂ֣א אֲשֶׁר־עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
On that day, says the Lord of hosts, The peg which was secured in a faithful place Will be removed, and it will be cut down, And it will fall, And the burden on it will be withdrawn, For the Lord has spoken.” |
will be removed: qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Job 15:30. |
| Isa 23:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
The burden of Tyre.
Wail, O ships of Tarshish, For it has been plundered, Not leaving a house or a way in. This was revealed to them From the land of Chittim. |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
not leaving ← from. |
| Isa 23:2 | דֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃ |
Be silent, you inhabitants of the coastland, You whom the merchants of Sidon, Who cross the sea, Have stocked up, |
coastland: or island.
merchants ← merchant. Sidon: see Gen 10:15. stocked up ← filled. |
| Isa 23:3 | וּבְמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ זֶ֣רַע שִׁחֹ֔ר קְצִ֥יר יְא֖וֹר תְּבֽוּאָתָ֑הּ וַתְּהִ֖י סְחַ֥ר גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
Bringing over the high seas Seed from Shihor. The harvest from the river Is Tyre's source of income, So that it became the emporium of the nations. |
high seas ← great waters.
Shihor: see Josh 13:3. [CB] interprets as the Nile, as in Jer 2:18. the river: the word is especially used of the Nile. Tyre's ← her. |
| Isa 23:4 | בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃ |
Sidon, be ashamed, For the sea – The stronghold that the sea is – Has said, “I have not been in the pains of childbirth, Nor have I given birth, Nor have I raised young lads, Nor have I brought chaste maidens up.” |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Isa 23:5 | כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שֵׁ֖מַע לְמִצְרָ֑יִם יָחִ֖ילוּ כְּשֵׁ֥מַע צֹֽר׃ |
As at the report of Egypt, So shall they writhe At the report of Tyre. |
|
| Isa 23:6 | עִבְר֖וּ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹ֥שְׁבֵי אִֽי׃ |
Cross over to Tarshish and wail, You inhabitants of the coastland. |
coastland: or island. |
| Isa 23:7 | הֲזֹ֥את לָכֶ֖ם עַלִּיזָ֑ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֤דֶם קַדְמָתָהּ֙ יֹבִל֣וּהָ רַגְלֶ֔יהָ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לָגֽוּר׃ |
Was this your joy, Whose origin dates from ancient times? Its feet will bring it Somewhere far away to dwell. |
times ← days.
feet: i.e. ships [CB]. |
| Isa 23:8 | מִ֚י יָעַ֣ץ זֹ֔את עַל־צֹ֖ר הַמַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר סֹחֲרֶ֙יה֙ שָׂרִ֔ים כִּנְעָנֶ֖יהָ נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Who decided this against Tyre – Tyre who confers crowns, Whose merchants are princes, Whose traders are the dignitaries of the land? |
decided ← counselled. |
| Isa 23:9 | יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יְעָצָ֑הּ לְחַלֵּל֙ גְּא֣וֹן כָּל־צְבִ֔י לְהָקֵ֖ל כָּל־נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The Lord of hosts decided it, To defame the pride in all the splendour; To bring all the dignitaries of the land into contempt. |
decided ← counselled.
defame ← profane. |
| Isa 23:10 | עִבְרִ֥י אַרְצֵ֖ךְ כַּיְאֹ֑ר בַּת־תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ אֵ֖ין מֵ֥זַח עֽוֹד׃ |
Cross your country like a river, O daughter of Tarshish, There is no longer any girding yourself up. |
a river ← the river. Either a reference to the Nile, or an unexpected definite article (in MT pointing); compare Gen 22:9.
girding yourself up ← girdle. |
| Isa 23:11 | יָדוֹ֙ נָטָ֣ה עַל־הַיָּ֔ם הִרְגִּ֖יז מַמְלָכ֑וֹת יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה אֶל־כְּנַ֔עַן לַשְׁמִ֖ד מָעֻזְנֶֽיהָ׃ |
He stretched out his hand over the sea; He shocked kingdoms. The Lord has given commandment against Canaan To destroy its strongholds. |
Canaan: or the merchant. [CB] interprets as Tyre. |
| Isa 23:12 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֥יפִי ע֖וֹד לַעְל֑וֹז הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה בְּתוּלַ֣ת בַּת־צִיד֗וֹן *כתיים **כִּתִּים֙ ק֣וּמִי עֲבֹ֔רִי גַּם־שָׁ֖ם לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַֽ לָֽךְ׃ |
And he said, “You will no longer exult, You oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon. Arise and cross over to Chittim, But you will not be at rest there either.” |
Chittim: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Isa 23:13 | הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ *בחיניו **בַחוּנָ֗יו עֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃ |
Look at the land of the Chaldeans: This people did not exist previously. Assyria founded it for the inhabitants of the desert. The attackers erected their watchtowers, They demolished its palaces, And he made it ruins. |
their watchtowers: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
demolished: AV differs (raised up). |
| Isa 23:14 | הֵילִ֖ילוּ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מָעֻזְּכֶֽן׃ ס |
Wail, you ships of Tarshish, For your stronghold has been laid waste. |
|
| Isa 23:15 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְנִשְׁכַּ֤חַת צֹר֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה כִּימֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶחָ֑ד מִקֵּ֞ץ שִׁבְעִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לְצֹ֔ר כְּשִׁירַ֖ת הַזּוֹנָֽה׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, according to the days of one king, then after seventy years Tyre will very much have a prostitute's song to sing. |
after ← at the end of.
very much: the ke denoting intensity. See Gen 24:28. |
| Isa 23:16 | קְחִ֥י כִנּ֛וֹר סֹ֥בִּי עִ֖יר זוֹנָ֣ה נִשְׁכָּחָ֑ה הֵיטִ֤יבִי נַגֵּן֙ הַרְבִּי־שִׁ֔יר לְמַ֖עַן תִּזָּכֵֽרִי׃ |
Take the harp, Go around the city, You forgotten prostitute. Play music well, Do much singing, In order that you may be remembered. |
|
| Isa 23:17 | וְהָיָ֞ה מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה יִפְקֹ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־צֹ֔ר וְשָׁבָ֖ה לְאֶתְנַנָּ֑ה וְזָֽנְתָ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ | And after seventy years, it will come to pass that the Lord will visit Tyre, and it will return to its earnings from prostitution, and it will engage in prostitution with all the kingdoms of the world over the face of the earth. | after ← at the end of. |
| Isa 23:18 | וְהָיָ֨ה סַחְרָ֜הּ וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ קֹ֚דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א יֵֽאָצֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יֵֽחָסֵ֑ן כִּ֣י לַיֹּשְׁבִ֞ים לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה סַחְרָ֔הּ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל לְשָׂבְעָ֖ה וְלִמְכַסֶּ֥ה עָתִֽיק׃ פ | But its profit and its earnings from prostitution will be holy to the Lord, and they will not be treasured up or hoarded away, for its profit will be for those who live before the Lord, so as to eat to satiety, and to have good quality clothing. |
holy ← holiness.
good quality clothing ← splendid covering. |
| Isa 24:1 | הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃ |
Behold, the Lord is about to depopulate the land And empty it, And he will overturn the face of it And scatter its inhabitants. |
|
| Isa 24:2 | וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃ |
And it will come to pass that As the people at large are, So the priest will be; As the manservant is, So his master will be; As the maidservant is, So her mistress will be; As the buyer is, So the seller will be; As the lender is, So the borrower will be; As the creditor is, So his debtor will be. |
as the people ... so the priest: compare Hos 4:9. |
| Isa 24:3 | הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ |
The land will certainly be depopulated, And it will certainly be plundered, For the Lord has spoken these words. |
will certainly be depopulated ... will certainly be plundered: both infinitive absolute.
these words ← this word. |
| Isa 24:4 | אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
The land will mourn and fade, The world will languish and fade; The haughty among the people of the land will languish. |
fade ... fade: perhaps otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 24:5 | וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And the land has been defiled by its inhabitants, For they have transgressed the laws. They have disregarded the statute; They have violated the age-abiding covenant, |
by ← under, i.e. under (the stewardship of).
disregarded ← passed by. AV differs (changed). |
| Isa 24:6 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃ |
Which is why a curse has devoured the land, And those who inhabit it bear the guilt. It is why the inhabitants of the land are fuming, And very few men remain. |
very few men ← men of tininess. |
| Isa 24:7 | אָבַ֥ל תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
The new wine is mourning, The vine is languishing; All those of joyful heart Are now sighing. |
|
| Isa 24:8 | שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר׃ |
The rejoicing of drums has ceased, The tumult of those exulting has stopped; The rejoicing of the harp has ceased. |
|
| Isa 24:9 | בַּשִּׁ֖יר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתּוּ־יָ֑יִן יֵמַ֥ר שֵׁכָ֖ר לְשֹׁתָֽיו׃ |
They shall not drink wine with singing; The liquor will become bitter To those who drink it. |
|
| Isa 24:10 | נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה קִרְיַת־תֹּ֑הוּ סֻגַּ֥ר כָּל־בַּ֖יִת מִבּֽוֹא׃ |
The town of desolation has been broken up; Every house is shut up, Preventing entering. |
preventing ← from. |
| Isa 24:11 | צְוָחָ֥ה עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹת עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
There is a cry for wine in the streets; All joy has drawn to a close, And the rejoicing in the land has passed away. |
drawn to a close ← become evening / become dark.
has passed away ← has gone into captivity. |
| Isa 24:12 | נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת־שָֽׁעַר׃ |
What remains in the city is desolation, And the gate has been pounded to ruins. |
|
| Isa 24:13 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה יִהְיֶ֛ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָֽעַמִּ֑ים כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת כְּעוֹלֵלֹ֖ת אִם־כָּלָ֥ה בָצִֽיר׃ |
For so it will be on the earth among the nations, As when the olive tree has been beaten, Like the gleanings when the grape harvest has finished. |
on the earth among the nations ← in the midst of the earth within the nations. |
| Isa 24:14 | הֵ֛מָּה יִשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם יָרֹ֑נּוּ בִּגְא֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה צָהֲל֖וּ מִיָּֽם׃ |
They will raise their voices; They will be jubilant. They will shout for joy from across the sea Because of the majesty of the Lord. |
voices ← voice.
shout for joy ← neigh; compare Mark 1:43, John 11:38. |
| Isa 24:15 | עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּאֻרִ֖ים כַּבְּד֣וּ יְהוָ֑ה בְּאִיֵּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
For this reason, glorify the Lord with lights – The name of the Lord God of Israel – In the coastlands of the sea. |
lights ← Urim, as in Ex 28:30.
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 24:16 | מִכְּנַ֨ף הָאָ֜רֶץ זְמִרֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ צְבִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֔יק וָאֹמַ֛ר רָזִי־לִ֥י רָֽזִי־לִ֖י א֣וֹי לִ֑י בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ וּבֶ֥גֶד בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ׃ |
From the extremities of the earth we have heard singing To the illustriousness of the righteous one, But I said, “Woe is me, woe is me, alas for me, Traitors have betrayed me, And the traitors have committed a betrayal.” |
extremities ← wing.
woe is me (2x) ← woe to me. committed ← betrayed. |
| Isa 24:17 | פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֖יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Fear, and a pitfall, and a snare Are looming over you, You inhabitants of the earth. |
|| Jer 48:43.
inhabitants ← inhabitant. |
| Isa 24:18 | וְֽ֠הָיָה הַנָּ֞ס מִקּ֤וֹל הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת מִמָּרוֹם֙ נִפְתָּ֔חוּ וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
And it will come to pass That he who flees at a fearful sound Will fall into the pit, And he who comes up out of the pit Will be caught in the snare, For the floodgates on high will open, And the foundations of the earth will shake. |
|| Jer 48:44.
out of ← from inside. will open: we take this and many subsequent verbs as prophetic perfects, i.e. with a future reference. |
| Isa 24:19 | רֹ֥עָה הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ פּ֤וֹר הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ מ֥וֹט הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The earth will be utterly broken into pieces, The earth will be thoroughly torn apart; The earth will totter perilously. |
utterly broken ... thoroughly torn apart ... totter perilously: all infinitive absolute.
totter perilously: or be severely shaken. |
| Isa 24:20 | נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֙רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא־תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם׃ ס |
The earth will stagger precariously like a drunkard, And it will sway like a shack, And its transgression will weigh heavily on it, And it will fall And not rise again. |
stagger precariously: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 24:21 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִפְקֹ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־צְבָ֥א הַמָּר֖וֹם בַּמָּר֑וֹם וְעַל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the Lord will visit the higher powers In a high place, And the kings of the earth On the earth. |
higher powers ← power / host / army (on) high. |
| Isa 24:22 | וְאֻסְּפ֨וּ אֲסֵפָ֤ה אַסִּיר֙ עַל־בּ֔וֹר וְסֻגְּר֖וּ עַל־מַסְגֵּ֑ר וּמֵרֹ֥ב יָמִ֖ים יִפָּקֵֽדוּ׃ |
And they will be gathered up, Like the herding of prisoners into the pit, And they will be shut up in confinement, Then after many days they will be visited. |
herding ← gathering.
prisoners ← a prisoner. visited: or punished, but sometimes delivered. |
| Isa 24:23 | וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבוֹשָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת בְּהַ֤ר צִיּוֹן֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֽוֹד׃ פ |
And the moon will blush, And the sun will be at a loss, When the Lord of hosts reigns on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, With glory in the presence of his appointed elders. |
|
| Isa 25:1 | יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהַי֙ אַתָּ֔ה אֲרֽוֹמִמְךָ֙ אוֹדֶ֣ה שִׁמְךָ֔ כִּ֥י עָשִׂ֖יתָ פֶּ֑לֶא עֵצ֥וֹת מֵֽרָח֖וֹק אֱמ֥וּנָה אֹֽמֶן׃ |
O Lord, you are my God. I will exalt you; I will praise your name, For you have acted wonderfully, With counsel from the distant past, In sure faithfulness. |
acted wonderfully ← done a wonder, but this kind of expression can be adverbial.
counsel ← counsels. sure ← faithful. |
| Isa 25:2 | כִּ֣י שַׂ֤מְתָּ מֵעִיר֙ לַגָּ֔ל קִרְיָ֥ה בְצוּרָ֖ה לְמַפֵּלָ֑ה אַרְמ֤וֹן זָרִים֙ מֵעִ֔יר לְעוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א יִבָּנֶֽה׃ |
For you turn a city into a heap of rubble, And a fortified town into ruins, And a foreign citadel into what is not a city, Which will never be rebuilt. |
foreign citadel ← citadel of foreigners.
not a city ← from a city. never ← not for an age. rebuilt ← built. |
| Isa 25:3 | עַל־כֵּ֖ן יְכַבְּד֣וּךָ עַם־עָ֑ז קִרְיַ֛ת גּוֹיִ֥ם עָרִיצִ֖ים יִירָאֽוּךָ׃ |
This is why a fierce people will glorify you, And a violent Gentile town will fear you. |
a violent Gentile town will fear you ← a town of violent nations, they will fear you. |
| Isa 25:4 | כִּֽי־הָיִ֨יתָ מָע֥וֹז לַדָּ֛ל מָע֥וֹז לָאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּצַּר־ל֑וֹ מַחְסֶ֤ה מִזֶּ֙רֶם֙ צֵ֣ל מֵחֹ֔רֶב כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ עָרִיצִ֖ים כְּזֶ֥רֶם קִֽיר׃ |
For you are a refuge for the weak, A refuge for the poor when he is in distress, A shelter from a downpour, Shade from heat, For the onslaught of the violent Is like a downpour against a wall. |
onslaught ← spirit; wind; tempest; anger.
against ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 25:5 | כְּחֹ֣רֶב בְּצָי֔וֹן שְׁא֥וֹן זָרִ֖ים תַּכְנִ֑יעַ חֹ֚רֶב בְּצֵ֣ל עָ֔ב זְמִ֥יר עָֽרִיצִ֖ים יַעֲנֶֽה׃ פ |
You will bring down the bustle of foreigners, Which is like heat on parched land. As heat is shielded by a cloud, So the singing of the violent Will be dispirited. |
is shielded by ← in the shade of.
singing: AV differs (branch). |
| Isa 25:6 | וְעָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת לְכָל־הָֽעַמִּים֙ בָּהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה מִשְׁתֵּ֥ה שְׁמָנִ֖ים מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה שְׁמָרִ֑ים שְׁמָנִים֙ מְמֻ֣חָיִ֔ם שְׁמָרִ֖ים מְזֻקָּקִֽים׃ |
And the Lord of hosts will hold for all nations, At this mountain, A rich feast, a feast of settled wine, Of rich marrowy meat And of racked wine. |
rich feast ← feast of fat (things). |
| Isa 25:7 | וּבִלַּע֙ בָּהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה פְּנֵֽי־הַלּ֥וֹט ׀ הַלּ֖וֹט עַל־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים וְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥ה הַנְּסוּכָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
And on this mountain, He will remove the veil Which shrouds all the nations, And the covering Which is spread over all the Gentiles. |
remove ← swallow.
veil ← face of the veil. shrouds ← veils over. |
| Isa 25:8 | בִּלַּ֤ע הַמָּ֙וֶת֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וּמָחָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה דִּמְעָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל כָּל־פָּנִ֑ים וְחֶרְפַּ֣ת עַמּ֗וֹ יָסִיר֙ מֵעַ֣ל כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ פ |
He will swallow up death for ever, And my Lord the Lord Will wipe away the tears from every face, And he will remove the reproach on his people From the whole world, For the Lord has spoken. |
1 Cor 15:54, Rev 7:17, Rev 21:4.
for ever: AV differs (victory), which accords with 1 Cor 15:54, but it appears to be Chaldee rather than Hebrew (see [AnLx]). 1 Cor 15:54 could ↴ tears ← tear. Collective usage. |
| Isa 25:9 | וְאָמַר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא הִנֵּ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֥ינוּ זֶ֛ה קִוִּ֥ינוּ ל֖וֹ וְיֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נוּ זֶ֤ה יְהוָה֙ קִוִּ֣ינוּ ל֔וֹ נָגִ֥ילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָ֖ה בִּישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃ |
And on that day, people will say, “Behold this God of ours; We waited for him, and he has saved us. This is the Lord for whom we waited. Let us rejoice and delight in his salvation.” |
↳ be an adaptation of the verse to an Aramaic-speaking culture.
people ← he / one. Impersonal. |
| Isa 25:10 | כִּֽי־תָנ֥וּחַ יַד־יְהוָ֖ה בָּהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְנָ֤דוֹשׁ מוֹאָב֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כְּהִדּ֥וּשׁ מַתְבֵּ֖ן *במי **בְּמ֥וֹ מַדְמֵנָֽה׃ |
For the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down under him, As straw is trodden down {Q: In} [K: In the waters of] Madmenah. |
him: or it.
Madmenah: as [CB]. The town is mentioned in Isa 10:31. AV differs (dunghill), as does [AnLx], treating the word as a common noun. |
| Isa 25:11 | וּפֵרַ֤שׂ יָדָיו֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְפָרֵ֥שׂ הַשֹּׂחֶ֖ה לִשְׂח֑וֹת וְהִשְׁפִּיל֙ גַּֽאֲוָת֔וֹ עִ֖ם אָרְבּ֥וֹת יָדָֽיו׃ |
And he will spread out his arms in their midst, As a swimmer spreads his arms to swim, And he will bring their haughtiness down Together with the proceeds of the fraudulence of their hands. |
|
| Isa 25:12 | וּמִבְצַ֞ר מִשְׂגַּ֣ב חוֹמֹתֶ֗יךָ הֵשַׁ֥ח הִשְׁפִּ֛יל הִגִּ֥יעַ לָאָ֖רֶץ עַד־עָפָֽר׃ ס |
And as for the fortification – The high fort of your walls – He will bring it down; He will demolish it And raze it to the ground as dust. |
demolish ← make low.
as dust ← up to dust. |
| Isa 26:1 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יוּשַׁ֥ר הַשִּׁיר־הַזֶּ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה עִ֣יר עָז־לָ֔נוּ יְשׁוּעָ֥ה יָשִׁ֖ית חוֹמ֥וֹת וָחֵֽל׃ |
On that day, this song will be sung in the land of Judah:
We have a strong city; He will provide salvation Like walls and fortifications. |
strong city ← city of strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 26:2 | פִּתְח֖וּ שְׁעָרִ֑ים וְיָבֹ֥א גוֹי־צַדִּ֖יק שֹׁמֵ֥ר אֱמֻנִֽים׃ |
Open the gates, And let a righteous nation enter, One which keeps to what is faithful. |
|
| Isa 26:3 | יֵ֣צֶר סָמ֔וּךְ תִּצֹּ֖ר שָׁל֣וֹם ׀ שָׁל֑וֹם כִּ֥י בְךָ֖ בָּטֽוּחַ׃ |
You will keep him in deep peace Whose thoughts are to rely on you, For it is in you that he trusts. |
deep peace ← peace, peace.
thoughts are to rely ← thought (is) rested. trusts: or (is) secured. |
| Isa 26:4 | בִּטְח֥וּ בַֽיהוָ֖ה עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד כִּ֚י בְּיָ֣הּ יְהוָ֔ה צ֖וּר עוֹלָמִֽים׃ |
Trust in the Lord in all perpetuity, For the rock of the ages Is found in the Lord, the Lord. |
the Lord: AV differs (JEHOVAH). See Ex 6:3.
all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity. |
| Isa 26:5 | כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָר֔וֹם קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר׃ |
For he brings down those who dwell in a high place – In a town at high elevation. He will raze it, He will raze it to the ground; He will bring it to the dust. |
|
| Isa 26:6 | תִּרְמְסֶ֖נָּה רָ֑גֶל רַגְלֵ֥י עָנִ֖י פַּעֲמֵ֥י דַלִּֽים׃ |
A foot – the feet of the poor – Will trample on it, As will the steps of the needy. |
|
| Isa 26:7 | אֹ֥רַח לַצַּדִּ֖יק מֵֽישָׁרִ֑ים יָשָׁ֕ר מַעְגַּ֥ל צַדִּ֖יק תְּפַלֵּֽס׃ |
The way of the righteous is straight; You make the path of the righteous Straight and level. |
you make the path of the righteous ... straight and level ← you level straight the path of the righteous. AV differs (thou, most upright, dost weigh the path of the just). |
| Isa 26:8 | אַ֣ף אֹ֧רַח מִשְׁפָּטֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה קִוִּינ֑וּךָ לְשִׁמְךָ֥ וּֽלְזִכְרְךָ֖ תַּאֲוַת־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Indeed, O Lord, we have waited for you In the way of your judgments. The longing of our inner being Is for your name And for remembrance of you. |
inner being ← soul.
remembrance of you ← your remembrance, an objective genitive. |
| Isa 26:9 | נַפְשִׁ֤י אִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ בַּלַּ֔יְלָה אַף־רוּחִ֥י בְקִרְבִּ֖י אֲשַֽׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ כִּ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר מִשְׁפָּטֶ֙יךָ֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ צֶ֥דֶק לָמְד֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ |
My inner being longs for you at night, My spirit also inside me seeks you at dawn. For when your judgments are given on the earth, The inhabitants of the world learn righteousness. |
my inner being longs for ← my soul, I long for.
my spirit ... seeks ← my spirit, I seek. |
| Isa 26:10 | יֻחַ֤ן רָשָׁע֙ בַּל־לָמַ֣ד צֶ֔דֶק בְּאֶ֥רֶץ נְכֹח֖וֹת יְעַוֵּ֑ל וּבַל־יִרְאֶ֖ה גֵּא֥וּת יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Although the wicked man may be shown favour, He does not learn righteousness. In an upright land, he acts iniquitously, And he will not see the majesty of the Lord. |
upright land ← land of uprightnesses, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 26:11 | יְהוָ֛ה רָ֥מָה יָדְךָ֖ בַּל־יֶחֱזָי֑וּן יֶחֱז֤וּ וְיֵבֹ֙שׁוּ֙ קִנְאַת־עָ֔ם אַף־אֵ֖שׁ צָרֶ֥יךָ תֹאכְלֵֽם׃ ס |
O Lord, your hand is high; They do not see it, But they will see the zeal of the people And be ashamed. Indeed, fire will consume your adversaries. |
zeal of the people: AV differs, with zeal as envy.
fire will consume your adversaries: we associate the words as MT; AV differs (the fire of thine enemies shall devour them). |
| Isa 26:12 | יְהוָ֕ה תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ת שָׁל֖וֹם לָ֑נוּ כִּ֛י גַּ֥ם כָּֽל־מַעֲשֵׂ֖ינוּ פָּעַ֥לְתָּ לָּֽנוּ׃ |
O Lord, you arrange peace for us, For you are even the one at work in all our deeds for us. |
the one at work ← working. |
| Isa 26:13 | יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּעָל֥וּנוּ אֲדֹנִ֖ים זֽוּלָתֶ֑ךָ לְבַד־בְּךָ֖ נַזְכִּ֥יר שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
O Lord our God, Various masters other than you have had dominion over us, But yours is the only name that we make mention of. |
yours is the only name that we make mention of ← it (is) only at you (that) we make mention of your name. |
| Isa 26:14 | מֵתִים֙ בַּל־יִחְי֔וּ רְפָאִ֖ים בַּל־יָקֻ֑מוּ לָכֵ֤ן פָּקַ֙דְתָּ֙ וַתַּשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וַתְּאַבֵּ֥ד כָּל־זֵ֖כֶר לָֽמוֹ׃ |
They are dead, They shall not live, The Rephaim shall not rise, Which is why you have visited them and destroyed them And have obliterated all memory of them. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (deceased). |
| Isa 26:15 | יָסַ֤פְתָּ לַגּוֹי֙ יְהוָ֔ה יָסַ֥פְתָּ לַגּ֖וֹי נִכְבָּ֑דְתָּ רִחַ֖קְתָּ כָּל־קַצְוֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
You have enlarged the nation, O Lord, You have increased the nation. You are glorified; You have extended all the boundaries of the land. |
extended ← made remote.
boundaries of the land: or ends of the earth. |
| Isa 26:16 | יְהוָ֖ה בַּצַּ֣ר פְּקָד֑וּךָ צָק֣וּן לַ֔חַשׁ מוּסָרְךָ֖ לָֽמוֹ׃ |
In distress they appealed to you, O Lord; They poured out whispering When they were receiving your discipline. |
they were receiving ← (there was) to them. |
| Isa 26:17 | כְּמ֤וֹ הָרָה֙ תַּקְרִ֣יב לָלֶ֔דֶת תָּחִ֥יל תִּזְעַ֖ק בַּחֲבָלֶ֑יהָ כֵּ֛ן הָיִ֥ינוּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ |
As a pregnant woman who is about to give birth, Who writhes and shouts in her birth pangs, So were we before you, O Lord. |
|
| Isa 26:18 | הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ |
We have conceived, We have been through birth pangs, But it is as if we have given birth to wind, Not to salvation which we were to bring to the earth, Nor did any inhabitants of the earth come out of the womb. |
bring ← do.
come ← fall. See [CB]. |
| Isa 26:19 | יִֽחְי֣וּ מֵתֶ֔יךָ נְבֵלָתִ֖י יְקוּמ֑וּן הָקִ֨יצוּ וְרַנְּנ֜וּ שֹׁכְנֵ֣י עָפָ֗ר כִּ֣י טַ֤ל אוֹרֹת֙ טַלֶּ֔ךָ וָאָ֖רֶץ רְפָאִ֥ים תַּפִּֽיל׃ ס |
Your dead, and my dead body, Will live and rise. Awake, and sing for joy, You who lie in the dust, For your dew is resplendent dew, But the earth will bring down the Rephaim. |
resplendent ← of lights, or herbs, as in 2 Ki 4:39, where the spelling is in scriptio defectiva.
bring down ← cause to fall. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead). |
| Isa 26:20 | לֵ֤ךְ עַמִּי֙ בֹּ֣א בַחֲדָרֶ֔יךָ וּֽסְגֹ֥ר *דלתיך **דְּלָתְךָ֖ בַּעֲדֶ֑ךָ חֲבִ֥י כִמְעַט־רֶ֖גַע עַד־*יעבור־**יַעֲבָר־זָֽעַם׃ |
Go, my people, Enter your rooms, Close {K: your doors} [Q: your door] after you; Hide for a very little while Until the indignation has passed. |
has passed: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
go ... enter: masculine singular. hide: feminine singular, or a paragogic yod. very: the ke denoting intensity. Compare [AnLx] כְּ II (c). |
| Isa 26:21 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ לִפְקֹ֛ד עֲוֺ֥ן יֹֽשֵׁב־הָאָ֖רֶץ עָלָ֑יו וְגִלְּתָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־דָּמֶ֔יהָ וְלֹֽא־תְכַסֶּ֥ה ע֖וֹד עַל־הֲרוּגֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
For behold, the Lord is about to come out of his place To requite the iniquity of the inhabitants of the land. And the earth will reveal its blood, And it will no longer cover up Those killed which it holds. |
requite ← visit on him / it.
those killed which it holds ← its killed. |
| Isa 27:1 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִפְקֹ֣ד יְהוָה֩ בְּחַרְב֨וֹ הַקָּשָׁ֜ה וְהַגְּדוֹלָ֣ה וְהַֽחֲזָקָ֗ה עַ֤ל לִוְיָתָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ בָּרִ֔חַ וְעַל֙ לִוְיָתָ֔ן נָחָ֖שׁ עֲקַלָּת֑וֹן וְהָרַ֥ג אֶת־הַתַּנִּ֖ין אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיָּֽם׃ ס |
On that day the Lord will requite With his firm and large and strong sword Leviathan the fugitive serpent, And Leviathan the crooked serpent, And he will kill the monster in the sea. |
fugitive: AV differs (piercing).
monster in the sea: or, [CB], crocodile in the Nile. See Job 40:25 (Job 41:1AV). |
| Isa 27:2 | בַּיּ֖וֹם הַה֑וּא כֶּ֥רֶם חֶ֖מֶד עַנּוּ־לָֽהּ׃ |
On that day, Sing to her of a delightful vineyard. |
delightful: AV differs (of red wine). |
| Isa 27:3 | אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ נֹֽצְרָ֔הּ לִרְגָעִ֖ים אַשְׁקֶ֑נָּה פֶּ֚ן יִפְקֹ֣ד עָלֶ֔יהָ לַ֥יְלָה וָי֖וֹם אֶצֳּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
I am the Lord who guards it; I water it from time to time. So that no-one encroaches on it, I guard it night and day. |
from time to time ← at moments.
encroaches on ← visits. AV differs (hurt). |
| Isa 27:4 | חֵמָ֖ה אֵ֣ין לִ֑י מִֽי־יִתְּנֵ֜נִי שָׁמִ֥יר שַׁ֙יִת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֶפְשְׂעָ֥ה בָ֖הּ אֲצִיתֶ֥נָּה יָּֽחַד׃ |
I am not furious; Who would assign me to briars and thorns in war? I would march against them; I would set them on fire In one go. |
them (2x) ← it / her, referring to the briars and thorns collectively.
in one go ← together. |
| Isa 27:5 | א֚וֹ יַחֲזֵ֣ק בְּמָעוּזִּ֔י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה שָׁל֖וֹם לִ֑י שָׁל֖וֹם יַֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּֽי׃ |
Or who would seize my stronghold? Let him make peace with me; Let it be peace that he makes with me. |
|
| Isa 27:6 | הַבָּאִים֙ יַשְׁרֵ֣שׁ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב יָצִ֥יץ וּפָרַ֖ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמָלְא֥וּ פְנֵי־תֵבֵ֖ל תְּנוּבָֽה׃ ס |
When they come, Jacob will strike root, Israel will flower and flourish, And the face of the world will be full of fruit. |
fruit ← produce, but also fruit, which can be taken in a wide sense.
AV differs at the end ([Israel] will fill the face of the earth), which is discordant in number. |
| Isa 27:7 | הַכְּמַכַּ֥ת מַכֵּ֖הוּ הִכָּ֑הוּ אִם־כְּהֶ֥רֶג הֲרֻגָ֖יו הֹרָֽג׃ |
Has he attacked him Like the attack of the one attacking him? Or has he been killed In a way like the killing of those killed by him? |
|
| Isa 27:8 | בְּסַּאסְּאָ֖ה בְּשַׁלְחָ֣הּ תְּרִיבֶ֑נָּה הָגָ֛ה בְּרוּח֥וֹ הַקָּשָׁ֖ה בְּי֥וֹם קָדִֽים׃ |
In moderation, when you sent them away, You disputed with them. He expelled them by means of his harsh wind, On the day of the east wind. |
them (2x) ← she ... her, i.e. Israel [CB]. AV differs in several respects. |
| Isa 27:9 | לָכֵ֗ן בְּזֹאת֙ יְכֻפַּ֣ר עֲוֺֽן־יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְזֶ֕ה כָּל־פְּרִ֖י הָסִ֣ר חַטָּאת֑וֹ בְּשׂוּמ֣וֹ ׀ כָּל־אַבְנֵ֣י מִזְבֵּ֗חַ כְּאַבְנֵי־גִר֙ מְנֻפָּצ֔וֹת לֹֽא־יָקֻ֥מוּ אֲשֵׁרִ֖ים וְחַמָּנִֽים׃ |
So by this means, Jacob's iniquity will be atoned for, And this is all the fruit of removing his sin, When he makes all the stones of the altar Like chalk stones which are dashed to pieces. The phallic parks and the sun-images Shall not stand. |
Rom 11:27.
of removing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 27:10 | כִּ֣י עִ֤יר בְּצוּרָה֙ בָּדָ֔ד נָוֶ֕ה מְשֻׁלָּ֥ח וְנֶעֱזָ֖ב כַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר שָׁ֣ם יִרְעֶ֥ה עֵ֛גֶל וְשָׁ֥ם יִרְבָּ֖ץ וְכִלָּ֥ה סְעִפֶֽיהָ׃ |
For a fortified city will be forlorn; A dwelling place will be forsaken And abandoned like the desert. There the calf will graze, And there it will lie down, And eat from its branches. |
its: referring to the city (feminine) in some metaphorical sense. |
| Isa 27:11 | בִּיבֹ֤שׁ קְצִירָהּ֙ תִּשָּׁבַ֔רְנָה נָשִׁ֕ים בָּא֖וֹת מְאִיר֣וֹת אוֹתָ֑הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א עַם־בִּינוֹת֙ ה֔וּא עַל־כֵּן֙ לֹֽא־יְרַחֲמֶ֣נּוּ עֹשֵׂ֔הוּ וְיֹצְר֖וֹ לֹ֥א יְחֻנֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס |
When its harvest is dried up, They will be broken. Women will come to set it on fire, For it is not a people of understanding, Which is why their maker Will not show them compassion, And he who formed them Will not show them mercy. |
they: referring to the stones (fem.) of Isa 27:9 [CB].
it: referring to the city. |
| Isa 27:12 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יַחְבֹּ֧ט יְהוָ֛ה מִשִּׁבֹּ֥לֶת הַנָּהָ֖ר עַד־נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְאַתֶּ֧ם תְּלֻקְּט֛וּ לְאַחַ֥ד אֶחָ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
And it will come to pass on that day That the Lord will thresh you out, From the rising of the river To the Brook of Egypt, And you will be gleaned up one by one, You sons of Israel. |
from the rising ... to the Brook of Egypt: perhaps signifying from the far north to the far south. On the Brook of Egypt, see Num 34:5.
the river: i.e. the Euphrates [CB]. |
| Isa 27:13 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִתָּקַע֮ בְּשׁוֹפָ֣ר גָּדוֹל֒ וּבָ֗אוּ הָאֹֽבְדִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְהַנִּדָּחִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהִשְׁתַּחֲו֧וּ לַיהוָ֛ה בְּהַ֥ר הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the great ramshorn will be sounded, And those who were about to perish in the land of Assyria will come, As will those driven out in the land of Egypt, And they will worship the Lord In the holy mountain in Jerusalem. |
holy mountain ← mountain of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 28:1 | ה֗וֹי עֲטֶ֤רֶת גֵּאוּת֙ שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְצִ֥יץ נֹבֵ֖ל צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ גֵּֽיא־שְׁמָנִ֖ים הֲל֥וּמֵי יָֽיִן׃ |
Woe to the crown of pride, To the drunkards of Ephraim, Whose magnificent splendour Is a fading flower Which is in the best fertile valley – You who are impaired by wine. |
magnificent splendour ← splendour of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive.
in the best fertile valley ← at the head of the valley of fatnesses. |
| Isa 28:2 | הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃ |
Behold, the Lord* has what is strong and powerful, Such as a deluge of hail – A destructive storm – Such as a deluge of torrential water, Causing flooding, Which he sends down to earth with his hand. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
destructive storm ← storm of destruction, a Hebraic genitive. torrential ← mighty. |
| Isa 28:3 | בְּרַגְלַ֖יִם תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָה עֲטֶ֥רֶת גֵּא֖וּת שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ |
The crown of pride, The drunkards of Ephraim, Will be trodden under foot. |
under foot ← by feet. |
| Isa 28:4 | וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה צִיצַ֤ת נֹבֵל֙ צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ גֵּ֣יא שְׁמָנִ֑ים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם קַ֔יִץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְאֶ֤ה הָֽרֹאֶה֙ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ בְּכַפּ֖וֹ יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ ס |
And the magnificent splendour, Which is in the best fertile valley, Will be a fading flower, Like its early fruit before the summer, Which, when the observer sees it, He swallows down While it is still in his hand. |
magnificent splendour ... in the best fertile valley: see Isa 28:1. |
| Isa 28:5 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לַעֲטֶ֣רֶת צְבִ֔י וְלִצְפִירַ֖ת תִּפְאָרָ֑ה לִשְׁאָ֖ר עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
On that day the Lord of hosts Will be a crown of splendour And a diadem of magnificence To the remainder of his people, |
|
| Isa 28:6 | וּלְר֖וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔ה מְשִׁיבֵ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה שָֽׁעְרָה׃ ס |
And a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, And a spirit of valour to them Who repulse the assault on the gate. |
repulse the assault on the gate ← repulse the war (directed) towards the gate. AV differs (turn the battle to the gate), which is also possible. |
| Isa 28:7 | וְגַם־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר תָּע֑וּ כֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָבִיא֩ שָׁג֨וּ בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר נִבְלְע֣וּ מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן תָּעוּ֙ מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר שָׁגוּ֙ בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה פָּק֖וּ פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃ |
So these too have erred because of wine And have gone astray because of liquor. Priest and prophet have erred because of liquor; They have been swallowed up by the wine. They have gone astray because of the liquor, They have erred in the vision; They have floundered in the administration of justice. |
floundered ← been unreliable.
the administration of justice: in a single word, judicature. |
| Isa 28:8 | כִּ֚י כָּל־שֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹת מָלְא֖וּ קִ֣יא צֹאָ֑ה בְּלִ֖י מָקֽוֹם׃ ס |
For all the tables are full of vomit and excrement Without a clean space. |
|
| Isa 28:9 | אֶת־מִי֙ יוֹרֶ֣ה דֵעָ֔ה וְאֶת־מִ֖י יָבִ֣ין שְׁמוּעָ֑ה גְּמוּלֵי֙ מֵֽחָלָ֔ב עַתִּיקֵ֖י מִשָּׁדָֽיִם׃ |
To whom will he impart knowledge? And to whom will he disclose information? – Those who have been weaned from milk, And who have grown out of breastfeeding. |
disclose information ← make understand a report. |
| Isa 28:10 | כִּ֣י צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ צַ֣ו לָצָ֔ו קַ֥ו לָקָ֖ו קַ֣ו לָקָ֑ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֥יר שָֽׁם׃ |
For it is commandment upon commandment, Commandment upon commandment, Rule upon rule, Rule upon rule; A little here, a little there. |
rule upon rule (2x): compare Isa 18:2. |
| Isa 28:11 | כִּ֚י בְּלַעֲגֵ֣י שָׂפָ֔ה וּבְלָשׁ֖וֹן אַחֶ֑רֶת יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ |
For he will speak to this people In jabbering foreign speech, And in a different language |
1 Cor 14:21.
jabbering foreign speech ← jabberings / derisions of lips, [Ges-HCL] supporting foreign. |
| Isa 28:12 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אָמַ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם זֹ֤את הַמְּנוּחָה֙ הָנִ֣יחוּ לֶֽעָיֵ֔ף וְזֹ֖את הַמַּרְגֵּעָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וּא שְׁמֽוֹעַ׃ |
– To this people to whom he said, “This is the rest; Give the weary rest”, And, “This is the tranquillity.” But they were unwilling to hear. |
1 Cor 14:21. |
| Isa 28:13 | וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם דְּבַר־יְהוָ֗ה צַ֣ו לָצָ֞ו צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ קַ֤ו לָקָו֙ קַ֣ו לָקָ֔ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֣יר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן יֵלְכ֜וּ וְכָשְׁל֤וּ אָחוֹר֙ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃ פ |
And the word of the Lord to them was Commandment upon commandment, Commandment upon commandment, Rule upon rule, Rule upon rule, A little here, a little there, So that they might proceed. But they staggered backwards And were crippled And ensnared and caught. |
|
| Isa 28:14 | לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָצ֑וֹן מֹֽשְׁלֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
So then, hear the word of the Lord, You scornful men, You rulers of this people Who are in Jerusalem. |
scornful men ← men of scorn, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 28:15 | כִּ֣י אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ בְרִית֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְעִם־שְׁא֖וֹל עָשִׂ֣ינוּ חֹזֶ֑ה *שיט **שׁ֣וֹט שׁוֹטֵ֤ף כִּֽי־*עבר **יַֽעֲבֹר֙ לֹ֣א יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּ כִּ֣י שַׂ֧מְנוּ כָזָ֛ב מַחְסֵ֖נוּ וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶר נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃ ס |
For you have said, “We have made a covenant with death, And we have made a contract with the grave, That when the overwhelming scourge passes through, It will not come on us, For we have made the lie our refuge, And we have hidden in falsehood.” |
scourge: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
passes through: the ketiv and qeré are different conjugated forms of the same word, with a similar meaning. |
| Isa 28:16 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃ |
This is why my Lord the Lord says, “Behold, I am about to lay as a foundation A stone in Zion, A stone for testing, A cornerstone, precious as a well-founded foundation, And he who believes in it will not blunder. |
Rom 9:33, Rom 10:11, 1 Pet 2:6.
I am about to ← behold me. cornerstone, precious as a well-founded foundation ← corner of precious of founded foundation. |
| Isa 28:17 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּט֙ לְקָ֔ו וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְמִשְׁקָ֑לֶת וְיָעָ֤ה בָרָד֙ מַחְסֵ֣ה כָזָ֔ב וְסֵ֥תֶר מַ֖יִם יִשְׁטֹֽפוּ׃ |
And I will establish justice according to a straight line, And righteousness according to a plummet. And hail will sweep away the covering of the lie, And water will flush secrecy out. |
line: or commandment, as in Isa 28:10.
sweep away ← shovel away. flush ← wash away, overflow. |
| Isa 28:18 | וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃ |
And your covenant with death will be abolished, And your contract with the grave will not stand. When the overwhelming scourge passes through, You will be an object for it to tread down. |
abolished: or atoned for.
an object for it to tread down ← for treading down. |
| Isa 28:19 | מִדֵּ֤י עָבְרוֹ֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֶתְכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בַבֹּ֧קֶר בַּבֹּ֛קֶר יַעֲבֹ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָיָ֥ה רַק־זְוָעָ֖ה הָבִ֥ין שְׁמוּעָֽה׃ |
Every time when it passes through It will take you, For morning by morning it will pass through, By day and by night. And it will be a shocking thing Just to contemplate hearing about. |
|
| Isa 28:20 | כִּֽי־קָצַ֥ר הַמַּצָּ֖ע מֵֽהִשְׂתָּרֵ֑עַ וְהַמַּסֵּכָ֥ה צָ֖רָה כְּהִתְכַּנֵּֽס׃ |
For the bed will be too short To stretch oneself in, And the blanket too narrow, To wrap oneself up in. |
|
| Isa 28:21 | כִּ֤י כְהַר־פְּרָצִים֙ יָק֣וּם יְהוָ֔ה כְּעֵ֖מֶק בְּגִבְע֣וֹן יִרְגָּ֑ז לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ זָ֣ר מַעֲשֵׂ֔הוּ וְלַֽעֲבֹד֙ עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ נָכְרִיָּ֖ה עֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ |
For the Lord will arise as at Mount Perazim; He will be stirred up as in the Valley of Gibeon, To carry out his business – His peculiar business – And to accomplish his work – His strange work.” |
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Isa 28:22 | וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
So now, don't behave like mockers, So that your fetters are not tightened, For I have heard of a conclusion From the Lord – The Lord of hosts – Which has been determined over all the earth. |
tightened ← hardened, strengthened, pressing. |
| Isa 28:23 | הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ קוֹלִ֑י הַקְשִׁ֥יבוּ וְשִׁמְע֖וּ אִמְרָתִֽי׃ |
Listen and hear my voice; Attend and hear what I have to say. |
what I have to say ← my oration. |
| Isa 28:24 | הֲכֹ֣ל הַיּ֔וֹם יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ לִזְרֹ֑עַ יְפַתַּ֥ח וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ |
Does the ploughman plough all day In order to sow? Does he open up and harrow his ground? |
|
| Isa 28:25 | הֲלוֹא֙ אִם־שִׁוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֥יץ קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֣ן יִזְרֹ֑ק וְשָׂ֨ם חִטָּ֤ה שׂוֹרָה֙ וּשְׂעֹרָ֣ה נִסְמָ֔ן וְכֻסֶּ֖מֶת גְּבֻלָתֽוֹ׃ |
Does he not, When he has levelled its surface, Scatter black caraway And strew cumin? And put wheat in a row, And is barley not marked off, And is spelt not sown In its allocated area? |
area ← border. |
| Isa 28:26 | וְיִסְּר֥וֹ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֱלֹהָ֥יו יוֹרֶֽנּוּ׃ |
And there is one who instructs him in justice: His God teaches him. |
|
| Isa 28:27 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א בֶֽחָרוּץ֙ י֣וּדַשׁ קֶ֔צַח וְאוֹפַ֣ן עֲגָלָ֔ה עַל־כַּמֹּ֖ן יוּסָּ֑ב כִּ֧י בַמַּטֶּ֛ה יֵחָ֥בֶט קֶ֖צַח וְכַמֹּ֥ן בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃ |
For black caraway is not threshed with a threshing board, Nor is a wagon wheel turned on cumin, For black caraway is beaten with a stick, And cumin with a rod. |
|
| Isa 28:28 | לֶ֣חֶם יוּדָ֔ק כִּ֛י לֹ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח אָד֣וֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ וְ֠הָמַם גִּלְגַּ֧ל עֶגְלָת֛וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו לֹֽא־יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Is flour ground fine? For he will not thresh away at it for ever, Nor will he drive the wheel of his wagon, Nor will his horsemen grind it fine. |
flour ← bread.
thresh away: infinitive absolute. grind it fine: singular, but discordance is allowable; otherwise, the subject is the ploughman, and the horsemen have to be accommodated. |
| Isa 28:29 | גַּם־זֹ֕את מֵעִ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יָצָ֑אָה הִפְלִ֣יא עֵצָ֔ה הִגְדִּ֖יל תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃ ס |
This too originates From the Lord of hosts. He has made a wonderful decision; He has shown magnificent sound wisdom. |
originates ← goes out.
made a wonderful decision ← done counsel wondrously. shown magnificent sound wisdom ← done sound wisdom greatly. |
| Isa 29:1 | ה֚וֹי אֲרִיאֵ֣ל אֲרִיאֵ֔ל קִרְיַ֖ת חָנָ֣ה דָוִ֑ד סְפ֥וּ שָׁנָ֛ה עַל־שָׁנָ֖ה חַגִּ֥ים יִנְקֹֽפוּ׃ |
Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, The town where David encamped. Let the years mount up, Let the festivals come round, |
let the years mount up ← add year to year. AV differs somewhat (let them kill sacrifices). |
| Isa 29:2 | וַהֲצִיק֖וֹתִי לַֽאֲרִיאֵ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֤ה תַֽאֲנִיָּה֙ וַֽאֲנִיָּ֔ה וְהָ֥יְתָה לִּ֖י כַּאֲרִיאֵֽל׃ |
But I will distress Ariel, And there will be sighing and sorrow, And it will be to me A veritable lion of God. |
veritable: the ke denoting intensity. Compare [AnLx] כְּ II (c), noting intensity. Compare Gen 24:28, Josh 7:3, Luke 9:28.
lion of God: the word Ariel. [CB] translates a hearth of God, referring to Ezek 43:15. |
| Isa 29:3 | וְחָנִ֥יתִי כַדּ֖וּר עָלָ֑יִךְ וְצַרְתִּ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ מֻצָּ֔ב וַהֲקִֽימֹתִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ מְצֻרֹֽת׃ |
And I will encamp against you in a circle, And I will besiege you with a garrison, And I will raise siege works against you. |
in a circle ← as a circle.
garrison: AV differs (mount). |
| Isa 29:4 | וְשָׁפַלְתְּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֔רִי וּמֵֽעָפָ֖ר תִּשַּׁ֣ח אִמְרָתֵ֑ךְ וְֽ֠הָיָה כְּא֤וֹב מֵאֶ֙רֶץ֙ קוֹלֵ֔ךְ וּמֵעָפָ֖ר אִמְרָתֵ֥ךְ תְּצַפְצֵֽף׃ |
And you will be low, And you will speak from the ground, And being weighed down, Your speech will be from the dust, And your voice will be like that of a necromancer, Coming out of the ground, And your articulation will be whispering from the dust. |
articulation ← speech. |
| Isa 29:5 | וְהָיָ֛ה כְּאָבָ֥ק דַּ֖ק הֲמ֣וֹן זָרָ֑יִךְ וּכְמֹ֤ץ עֹבֵר֙ הֲמ֣וֹן עָֽרִיצִ֔ים וְהָיָ֖ה לְפֶ֥תַע פִּתְאֹֽם׃ |
And there will be a horde of people foreign to you, Like fine dust, And a horde of violent men, Like chaff passing by, And it will happen all of a sudden. |
all of a sudden ← in suddenness suddenly. |
| Isa 29:6 | מֵעִ֨ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ תִּפָּקֵ֔ד בְּרַ֥עַם וּבְרַ֖עַשׁ וְק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל סוּפָה֙ וּסְעָרָ֔ה וְלַ֖הַב אֵ֥שׁ אוֹכֵלָֽה׃ |
You will be visited by the Lord of hosts With thunder and with an earthquake and a loud noise, A whirlwind and a storm, And a flame of devouring fire, |
earthquake ← trembling. |
| Isa 29:7 | וְהָיָ֗ה כַּֽחֲלוֹם֙ חֲז֣וֹן לַ֔יְלָה הֲמוֹן֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַצֹּבְאִ֖ים עַל־אֲרִיאֵ֑ל וְכָל־צֹבֶ֙יהָ֙ וּמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔הּ וְהַמְּצִיקִ֖ים לָֽהּ׃ |
And a horde from all the nations which are at war with Ariel. And all those attacking it and its citadel, And those who distress it Will be like a bad dream – A vision in the night. |
|
| Isa 29:8 | וְהָיָ֡ה כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יַחֲלֹ֨ם הָרָעֵ֜ב וְהִנֵּ֣ה אוֹכֵ֗ל וְהֵקִיץ֮ וְרֵיקָ֣ה נַפְשׁוֹ֒ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַחֲלֹ֤ם הַצָּמֵא֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֹׁתֶ֔ה וְהֵקִיץ֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה עָיֵ֔ף וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ שׁוֹקֵקָ֑ה כֵּ֣ן יִֽהְיֶ֗ה הֲמוֹן֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַצֹּבְאִ֖ים עַל־הַ֥ר צִיּֽוֹן׃ ס |
And it will come to pass That just as when a hungry man dreams that he is eating, But when he wakes up, His belly is empty, And as when a thirsty man dreams that he is drinking, But when he wakes up, He finds that he is weary, And his being craves water, So the horde of all the nations waging war against Mount Zion will be. |
dreams that (2x) ← dreams and behold.
belly ← soul. he finds that ← behold. being ← soul. |
| Isa 29:9 | הִתְמַהְמְה֣וּ וּתְמָ֔הוּ הִשְׁתַּֽעַשְׁע֖וּ וָשֹׁ֑עוּ שָֽׁכְר֣וּ וְלֹא־יַ֔יִן נָע֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שֵׁכָֽר׃ |
Rest and be astonished; Indulge yourself and be dazzled: They are drunk, but not with wine; They stagger, but not with strong liquor. |
they are drunk ... they stagger: these words could be re-pointed as (ironic) imperatives.
indulge yourself and be dazzled: AV differs (cry ye out, and cry). |
| Isa 29:10 | כִּֽי־נָסַ֨ךְ עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ תַּרְדֵּמָ֔ה וַיְעַצֵּ֖ם אֶת־עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֛ים וְאֶת־רָאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם הַחֹזִ֖ים כִּסָּֽה׃ |
For the Lord has poured a spirit of deep sleep over you, And he has closed your eyes. He has covered over the prophets, And your leaders, the seers. |
Rom 11:8. |
| Isa 29:11 | וַתְּהִ֨י לָכֶ֜ם חָז֣וּת הַכֹּ֗ל כְּדִבְרֵי֮ הַסֵּ֣פֶר הֶֽחָתוּם֒ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִתְּנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ אֶל־יוֹדֵ֥עַ *הספר **סֵ֛פֶר לֵאמֹ֖ר קְרָ֣א נָא־זֶ֑ה וְאָמַר֙ לֹ֣א אוּכַ֔ל כִּ֥י חָת֖וּם הֽוּא׃ | And the vision of all this will be to you like the words of a sealed book which they give to a literate man, saying, “Please read this”, but he says, “I am not able to, for it is sealed.” |
a literate man ← a knower of the book / a book (ketiv / qeré).
a sealed book ← the sealed book. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Isa 29:12 | וְנִתַּ֣ן הַסֵּ֗פֶר עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע סֵ֛פֶר לֵאמֹ֖ר קְרָ֣א נָא־זֶ֑ה וְאָמַ֕ר לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי סֵֽפֶר׃ ס | Or like a book which is given to someone who does not know how to read, while they say, “Do read this”, and he says, “I do not know how to read.” | know how to read (2x) ← know book. |
| Isa 29:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹנָ֗י יַ֚עַן כִּ֤י נִגַּשׁ֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה בְּפִ֤יו וּבִשְׂפָתָיו֙ כִּבְּד֔וּנִי וְלִבּ֖וֹ רִחַ֣ק מִמֶּ֑נִּי וַתְּהִ֤י יִרְאָתָם֙ אֹתִ֔י מִצְוַ֥ת אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְלֻמָּדָֽה׃ |
And the Lord* said,
“Since this people approaches with their mouth, And with their lips they honour me, But they have put their heart far from me, And their fear of me is a commandment of men Which has been taught them, |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
Matt 15:8, Matt 15:9, Mark 7:6, Mark 7:7. |
| Isa 29:14 | לָכֵ֗ן הִנְנִ֥י יוֹסִ֛ף לְהַפְלִ֥יא אֶת־הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה הַפְלֵ֣א וָפֶ֑לֶא וְאָֽבְדָה֙ חָכְמַ֣ת חֲכָמָ֔יו וּבִינַ֥ת נְבֹנָ֖יו תִּסְתַּתָּֽר׃ ס |
Watch out for me doing more wonders with this people – Doing wondrous wonders – As the wisdom of their wise men comes to nothing, And the intelligence of their intellectuals Goes into hiding.” |
1 Cor 1:19.
watch out for me ← behold me. doing wondrous wonders ← acting wondrously and a wonder, with an infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 29:15 | ה֛וֹי הַמַּעֲמִיקִ֥ים מֵֽיהוָ֖ה לַסְתִּ֣ר עֵצָ֑ה וְהָיָ֤ה בְמַחְשָׁךְ֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֥י רֹאֵ֖נוּ וּמִ֥י יוֹדְעֵֽנוּ׃ |
Woe to those who lay deep designs Away from the Lord, So hiding their purpose, And whose works are in darkness, And who say, “Who can see us?” And, “Who knows us?” |
purpose ← counsel. |
| Isa 29:16 | הַ֨פְכְּכֶ֔ם אִם־כְּחֹ֥מֶר הַיֹּצֵ֖ר יֵֽחָשֵׁ֑ב כִּֽי־יֹאמַ֨ר מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה לְעֹשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א עָשָׂ֔נִי וְיֵ֛צֶר אָמַ֥ר לְיוֹצְר֖וֹ לֹ֥א הֵבִֽין׃ |
Such is your perverseness. Will the potter be considered as clay? For will the product say of its maker, “He didn't make me”? Or will the artefact say of its fashioner, “He doesn't have any understanding”? |
Rom 9:20.
AV differs in the first two lines (Surely your turning of things upside down shall be esteemed as the potter's clay). |
| Isa 29:17 | הֲלוֹא־עוֹד֙ מְעַ֣ט מִזְעָ֔ר וְשָׁ֥ב לְבָנ֖וֹן לַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל לַיַּ֥עַר יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃ |
Is it not in a very little while That Lebanon will be restored as well-cultivated ground, And that the well-cultivated ground Will be considered a forest? |
|
| Isa 29:18 | וְשָׁמְע֧וּ בַיּוֹם־הַה֛וּא הַחֵרְשִׁ֖ים דִּבְרֵי־סֵ֑פֶר וּמֵאֹ֣פֶל וּמֵחֹ֔שֶׁךְ עֵינֵ֥י עִוְרִ֖ים תִּרְאֶֽינָה׃ |
And on that day, The deaf will hear the words of the book, And the eyes of the blind, Which were in obscurity and darkness, Will see. |
which were in ← from. |
| Isa 29:19 | וְיָסְפ֧וּ עֲנָוִ֛ים בַּֽיהוָ֖ה שִׂמְחָ֑ה וְאֶבְיוֹנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יָגִֽילוּ׃ |
And the meek will increase their joy in the Lord, And the poor among men Will exult in the holy one of Israel. |
|
| Isa 29:20 | כִּֽי־אָפֵ֥ס עָרִ֖יץ וְכָ֣לָה לֵ֑ץ וְנִכְרְת֖וּ כָּל־שֹׁ֥קְדֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
For the violent one will come to nothing, And the mocker will come to an end, And all those who lie in wait iniquitously Will be cut off |
|
| Isa 29:21 | מַחֲטִיאֵ֤י אָדָם֙ בְּדָבָ֔ר וְלַמּוֹכִ֥יחַ בַּשַּׁ֖עַר יְקֹשׁ֑וּן וַיַּטּ֥וּ בַתֹּ֖הוּ צַדִּֽיק׃ ס |
– Those who make a man sin with a word, And ensnare one who reproves at the gate, And lead a righteous man astray with confusion. |
confusion: or desolation. |
| Isa 29:22 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּדָ֖ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם לֹֽא־עַתָּ֤ה יֵבוֹשׁ֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְלֹ֥א עַתָּ֖ה פָּנָ֥יו יֶחֱוָֽרוּ׃ |
This is why the Lord, who redeemed Abraham, says this to the house of Jacob:
“It is not now that Jacob will be ashamed, And it is not now that his face will turn pale, |
this ← thus. |
| Isa 29:23 | כִּ֣י בִ֠רְאֹתוֹ יְלָדָ֞יו מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדַ֛י בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ יַקְדִּ֣ישֽׁוּ שְׁמִ֑י וְהִקְדִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ אֶת־קְד֣וֹשׁ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יַעֲרִֽיצוּ׃ |
But when he sees his children, The work of my hands. In his company, They will sanctify my name, And they will sanctify the holy one of Jacob, And they will fear the God of Israel. |
company ← midst. |
| Isa 29:24 | וְיָדְע֥וּ תֹֽעֵי־ר֖וּחַ בִּינָ֑ה וְרוֹגְנִ֖ים יִלְמְדוּ־לֶֽקַח׃ |
And those who were erring in spirit Will have understanding, And those who were rebellious Will learn lessons.” |
have understanding ← know understanding.
lessons ← instruction. |
| Isa 30:1 | ה֣וֹי בָּנִ֤ים סֽוֹרְרִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עֵצָה֙ וְלֹ֣א מִנִּ֔י וְלִנְסֹ֥ךְ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א רוּחִ֑י לְמַ֛עַן סְפ֥וֹת חַטָּ֖את עַל־חַטָּֽאת׃ |
“Woe to the recalcitrant sons, Says the Lord, Who take counsel, but not from me, And pour out a libation, But not with my spirit, So as to add sin upon sin, |
|
| Isa 30:2 | הַהֹלְכִים֙ לָרֶ֣דֶת מִצְרַ֔יִם וּפִ֖י לֹ֣א שָׁאָ֑לוּ לָעוֹז֙ בְּמָע֣וֹז פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלַחְס֖וֹת בְּצֵ֥ל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
Who are setting out to go down to Egypt, But they did not ask for my oracle, Having decided to be strong in the stronghold of Pharaoh, And to put trust in the shadow of Egypt. |
oracle ← mouth. |
| Isa 30:3 | וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם מָע֥וֹז פַּרְעֹ֖ה לְבֹ֑שֶׁת וְהֶחָס֥וּת בְּצֵל־מִצְרַ֖יִם לִכְלִמָּֽה׃ |
But Pharaoh's stronghold Will be something you will be ashamed of, And your trust in the shadow of Egypt Will be to your disgrace. |
something you will be ashamed of ← shame to you. |
| Isa 30:4 | כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ בְצֹ֖עַן שָׂרָ֑יו וּמַלְאָכָ֖יו חָנֵ֥ס יַגִּֽיעוּ׃ |
For his officers were in Zoan, And his envoys arrived in Hanes. |
|
| Isa 30:5 | כֹּ֣ל *הבאיש **הֹבִ֔ישׁ עַל־עַ֖ם לֹא־יוֹעִ֣ילוּ לָ֑מוֹ לֹ֤א לְעֵ֙זֶר֙ וְלֹ֣א לְהוֹעִ֔יל כִּ֥י לְבֹ֖שֶׁת וְגַם־לְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ ס |
Everyone {Q: became ashamed because of} [K: became odious to] a people Who did not benefit them. They were neither a help nor a benefit, But rather a matter of shame And ignominy as well.” |
In ketiv and qeré, the force of hiphil is intransitive or reflexive, which is occasionally the case. |
| Isa 30:6 | מַשָּׂ֖א בַּהֲמ֣וֹת נֶ֑גֶב בְּאֶרֶץ֩ צָרָ֨ה וְצוּקָ֜ה לָבִ֧יא וָלַ֣יִשׁ מֵהֶ֗ם אֶפְעֶה֙ וְשָׂרָ֣ף מְעוֹפֵ֔ף יִשְׂאוּ֩ עַל־כֶּ֨תֶף עֲיָרִ֜ים חֵֽילֵהֶ֗ם וְעַל־דַּבֶּ֤שֶׁת גְּמַלִּים֙ אֽוֹצְרֹתָ֔ם עַל־עַ֖ם לֹ֥א יוֹעִֽילוּ׃ |
The burden of the animals of the south.
In a distressed and troubled land, Among them being the great lion and the old lion, The viper and the fiery flying serpent, They will transport their wealth on the shoulder of ass-colts, And their treasure on the humps of camels, To a people who will not benefit them. |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
distressed and troubled land ← land of distress and trouble, a Hebraic genitive. among ← from. |
| Isa 30:7 | וּמִצְרַ֕יִם הֶ֥בֶל וָרִ֖יק יַעְזֹ֑רוּ לָכֵן֙ קָרָ֣אתִי לָזֹ֔את רַ֥הַב הֵ֖ם שָֽׁבֶת׃ |
And Egypt will help In a vacuous and empty way, Which is why I have called it, “Rahab sits still.” |
called it ← called this.
Rahab: a name for Egypt, meaning insolence, here used collectively for the people. AV differs (their strength). |
| Isa 30:8 | עַתָּ֗ה בּ֣וֹא כָתְבָ֥הּ עַל־ל֛וּחַ אִתָּ֖ם וְעַל־סֵ֣פֶר חֻקָּ֑הּ וּתְהִי֙ לְי֣וֹם אַחֲר֔וֹן לָעַ֖ד עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
So now, go and write it on a tablet, with them present, And inscribe it in a book, So that it is there for the last day, And in age-abiding perpetuity. |
|
| Isa 30:9 | כִּ֣י עַ֤ם מְרִי֙ ה֔וּא בָּנִ֖ים כֶּחָשִׁ֑ים בָּנִ֕ים לֹֽא־אָב֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹעַ תּוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ |
For it is a rebellious people, Dishonest sons, Sons who are unwilling To heed the law of the Lord, |
rebellious people ← people of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 30:10 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ לָֽרֹאִים֙ לֹ֣א תִרְא֔וּ וְלַ֣חֹזִ֔ים לֹ֥א תֶחֱזוּ־לָ֖נוּ נְכֹח֑וֹת דַּבְּרוּ־לָ֣נוּ חֲלָק֔וֹת חֲז֖וּ מַהֲתַלּֽוֹת׃ |
Who say to the seers, “Don't see”, And to those who see visions, “Don't see righteous visions for us. Speak flatteries to us, See delusory visions, |
|
| Isa 30:11 | ס֚וּרוּ מִנֵּי־דֶ֔רֶךְ הַטּ֖וּ מִנֵּי־אֹ֑רַח הַשְׁבִּ֥יתוּ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
Depart from the way, Turn off from the path; Remove the holy one of Israel From our presence.” |
remove ← make cease.
our presence ← our faces. |
| Isa 30:12 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֥עַן מָֽאָסְכֶ֖ם בַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַֽתִּבְטְחוּ֙ בְּעֹ֣שֶׁק וְנָל֔וֹז וַתִּֽשָּׁעֲנ֖וּ עָלָֽיו׃ |
That is why this is what the holy one of Israel says:
“Since you have rejected these words And trusted in oppression and deviousness And relied on it, |
this ← thus.
these words ← this word / speech. |
| Isa 30:13 | לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הֶעָוֺ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה כְּפֶ֣רֶץ נֹפֵ֔ל נִבְעֶ֖ה בְּחוֹמָ֣ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־פִּתְאֹ֥ם לְפֶ֖תַע יָב֥וֹא שִׁבְרָֽהּ׃ |
This iniquity will be ascribed to you, Like a breach about to fall, Bulging out in a high wall, Whose collapse comes all of a sudden. |
all of a sudden: see Isa 29:6. |
| Isa 30:14 | וּ֠שְׁבָרָהּ כְּשֵׁ֨בֶר נֵ֧בֶל יוֹצְרִ֛ים כָּת֖וּת לֹ֣א יַחְמֹ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֤א בִמְכִתָּתוֹ֙ חֶ֔רֶשׂ לַחְתּ֥וֹת אֵשׁ֙ מִיָּק֔וּד וְלַחְשֹׂ֥ף מַ֖יִם מִגֶּֽבֶא׃ פ |
And he will break it, Like the breaking of a shattered potter's jar. He will not show mercy, And in his act of shattering, Not a shard will be found Which will be any use for taking fire from a burning mass, Or drawing water from a cistern.” |
his act of shattering: a subjective genitive. AV differs (the bursting of it), taking the suffix as objective, referring to iniquity in the previous verse, which is also possible. |
| Isa 30:15 | כִּ֣י כֹֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּשׁוּבָ֤ה וָנַ֙חַת֙ תִּוָּ֣שֵׁע֔וּן בְּהַשְׁקֵט֙ וּבְבִטְחָ֔ה תִּהְיֶ֖ה גְּבֽוּרַתְכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֖א אֲבִיתֶֽם׃ |
For this is what my Lord the Lord, the holy one of Israel, says:
“You will be saved with a return and rest. Your valour will be with quietness and confidence. But you were unwilling, |
this ← thus. |
| Isa 30:16 | וַתֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ לֹא־כִ֛י עַל־ס֥וּס נָנ֖וּס עַל־כֵּ֣ן תְּנוּס֑וּן וְעַל־קַ֣ל נִרְכָּ֔ב עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִקַּ֥לּוּ רֹדְפֵיכֶֽם׃ |
And you said, ‘No, but rather we will flee on horseback.’ That is why you will flee. And you said, ‘We will ride on swift horses.’ That is why those who pursue you will be swift. |
|
| Isa 30:17 | אֶ֣לֶף אֶחָ֗ד מִפְּנֵי֙ גַּעֲרַ֣ת אֶחָ֔ד מִפְּנֵ֛י גַּעֲרַ֥ת חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה תָּנֻ֑סוּ עַ֣ד אִם־נוֹתַרְתֶּ֗ם כַּתֹּ֙רֶן֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֔ר וְכַנֵּ֖ס עַל־הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ |
One thousand will flee at the rebuke of one; At the rebuke of five, you will flee, Until you remain like a mast on the summit of a mountain, Or like an ensign on a hill.” |
a mountain ... a hill ← the mountain ... the hill. Unexpected definite articles. See Gen 22:9. |
| Isa 30:18 | וְלָכֵ֞ן יְחַכֶּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לַֽחֲנַנְכֶ֔ם וְלָכֵ֥ן יָר֖וּם לְרַֽחֶמְכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אֱלֹהֵ֤י מִשְׁפָּט֙ יְהוָ֔ה אַשְׁרֵ֖י כָּל־ח֥וֹכֵי לֽוֹ׃ ס |
And this is why the Lord will wait: So as to be gracious to you. And this is why he will arise to have compassion on you: For the Lord is a God of justice. Blessed are all those who wait for him. |
|
| Isa 30:19 | כִּי־עַ֛ם בְּצִיּ֥וֹן יֵשֵׁ֖ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בָּכ֣וֹ לֹֽא־תִבְכֶּ֗ה חָנ֤וֹן יָחְנְךָ֙ לְק֣וֹל זַעֲקֶ֔ךָ כְּשָׁמְעָת֖וֹ עָנָֽךְ׃ |
For the people will dwell in Zion in Jerusalem, And you will certainly not weep. He will be very gracious at the sound of your crying out; When he hears it, He will answer you. |
will certainly not weep ... will be very gracious: both infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 30:20 | וְנָתַ֨ן לָכֶ֧ם אֲדֹנָ֛י לֶ֥חֶם צָ֖ר וּמַ֣יִם לָ֑חַץ וְלֹֽא־יִכָּנֵ֥ף עוֹד֙ מוֹרֶ֔יךָ וְהָי֥וּ עֵינֶ֖יךָ רֹא֥וֹת אֶת־מוֹרֶֽיךָ׃ |
And the Lord* will give you bread of adversity, And water of oppression, But your teachers will no longer be kept at a distance, And your eyes will see your teachers. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Isa 30:21 | וְאָזְנֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּשְׁמַ֣עְנָה דָבָ֔ר מֵֽאַחֲרֶ֖יךָ לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֤ה הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ לְכ֣וּ ב֔וֹ כִּ֥י תַאֲמִ֖ינוּ וְכִ֥י תַשְׂמְאִֽילוּ׃ |
And your ears will hear words behind you, Saying, “This is the way; Walk in it”, Whenever you go off to the right Or go off to the left. |
words ← a word; a discourse. |
| Isa 30:22 | וְטִמֵּאתֶ֗ם אֶת־צִפּוּי֙ פְּסִילֵ֣י כַסְפֶּ֔ךָ וְאֶת־אֲפֻדַּ֖ת מַסֵּכַ֣ת זְהָבֶ֑ךָ תִּזְרֵם֙ כְּמ֣וֹ דָוָ֔ה צֵ֖א תֹּ֥אמַר לֽוֹ׃ |
And you will defile the silver overlay of your idols, And the costume of your golden cast image. You will dispose of them like the discharge of a menstruating woman. “Away with you”, You will say to it. |
silver overlay of your idols ← the overlay of the idols of your silver, a Hebraic genitive.
your golden cast image ← the cast image of your gold, a Hebraic genitive. away with you ← go out. |
| Isa 30:23 | וְנָתַן֩ מְטַ֨ר זַרְעֲךָ֜ אֲשֶׁר־תִּזְרַ֣ע אֶת־הָאֲדָמָ֗ה וְלֶ֙חֶם֙ תְּבוּאַ֣ת הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה דָשֵׁ֖ן וְשָׁמֵ֑ן יִרְעֶ֥ה מִקְנֶ֛יךָ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כַּ֥ר נִרְחָֽב׃ |
And he will give rain for your seed, Which you sow on the ground, And as for food – The produce of the land – It will be rich and fat. Your cattle will graze on that day On broad pasture land. |
rain for ← rain of. Wider use of the construct state.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Isa 30:24 | וְהָאֲלָפִ֣ים וְהָעֲיָרִ֗ים עֹֽבְדֵי֙ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה בְּלִ֥יל חָמִ֖יץ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ אֲשֶׁר־זֹרֶ֥ה בָרַ֖חַת וּבַמִּזְרֶֽה׃ |
And the oxen and the donkeys which till the ground Will eat wholesome fodder, Which has been winnowed with a winnowing fan Or a winnowing shovel. |
wholesome: AV differs (clean). [AnLx]= salted, seasoned. [BDB]= seasoned with salt. |
| Isa 30:25 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ עַל־כָּל־הַ֣ר גָּבֹ֗הַ וְעַל֙ כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה נִשָּׂאָ֔ה פְּלָגִ֖ים יִבְלֵי־מָ֑יִם בְּיוֹם֙ הֶ֣רֶג רָ֔ב בִּנְפֹ֖ל מִגְדָּלִֽים׃ |
And there will be on every high mountain, And on every lofty hill, Streams – brooks of water – On the day of great slaughter, When towers fall. |
|
| Isa 30:26 | וְהָיָ֤ה אֽוֹר־הַלְּבָנָה֙ כְּא֣וֹר הַֽחַמָּ֔ה וְא֤וֹר הַֽחַמָּה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שִׁבְעָתַ֔יִם כְּא֖וֹר שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֑ים בְּי֗וֹם חֲבֹ֤שׁ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣בֶר עַמּ֔וֹ וּמַ֥חַץ מַכָּת֖וֹ יִרְפָּֽא׃ ס |
And the light of the moon Will be like the light of the sun, And the light of the sun will be seven times stronger, Like seven days' light, On the day when the Lord binds up The fracture of his people, And heals The bruise of their blow. |
their: an objective genitive (someone strikes them). Or, possibly, a subjective genitive, his (the Lord's) blow (the Lord strikes). |
| Isa 30:27 | הִנֵּ֤ה שֵׁם־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֣א מִמֶּרְחָ֔ק בֹּעֵ֣ר אַפּ֔וֹ וְכֹ֖בֶד מַשָּׂאָ֑ה שְׂפָתָיו֙ מָ֣לְאוּ זַ֔עַם וּלְשׁוֹנ֖וֹ כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכָֽלֶת׃ |
Behold, the name of the Lord is coming from afar; His anger is burning, And the burden is heavy. His lips are full of indignation, And his tongue is like a consuming fire. |
heavy ← heaviness. |
| Isa 30:28 | וְרוּח֞וֹ כְּנַ֤חַל שׁוֹטֵף֙ עַד־צַוָּ֣אר יֶֽחֱצֶ֔ה לַהֲנָפָ֥ה גוֹיִ֖ם בְּנָ֣פַת שָׁ֑וְא וְרֶ֣סֶן מַתְעֶ֔ה עַ֖ל לְחָיֵ֥י עַמִּֽים׃ |
And his breath is like an overflowing stream, Whose level comes up to the neck, To sift the nations with a sieve to separate the worthless, And a bridle in the jaws of the peoples, Causing them to go astray. |
breath: the same word as wind and spirit.
whose level comes ← it divides, i.e. above and below its surface. sieve to separate ← sieve of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 30:29 | הַשִּׁיר֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כְּלֵ֖יל הִתְקַדֶּשׁ־חָ֑ג וְשִׂמְחַ֣ת לֵבָ֗ב כַּֽהוֹלֵךְ֙ בֶּֽחָלִ֔יל לָב֥וֹא בְהַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־צ֥וּר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
You will have a song As on the night of sanctifying a festival, And joy in the heart, As when a person goes with a pipe To come to the mount of the Lord – To the rock of Israel. |
a song ← the song. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
pipe: such as a flute (the Modern Hebrew meaning of the word). |
| Isa 30:30 | וְהִשְׁמִ֨יעַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־ה֣וֹד קוֹל֗וֹ וְנַ֤חַת זְרוֹעוֹ֙ יַרְאֶ֔ה בְּזַ֣עַף אַ֔ף וְלַ֖הַב אֵ֣שׁ אוֹכֵלָ֑ה נֶ֥פֶץ וָזֶ֖רֶם וְאֶ֥בֶן בָּרָֽד׃ |
And the Lord will have his majestic voice heard, And he will show how his arm comes down In raging anger And in the flame of a consuming fire – In a violent flood and a downpour And hailstones. |
his majestic voice ← the voice of his majesty, a Hebraic genitive.
how his arm comes down ← the letting down of his arm. a violent flood ← a dashing. |
| Isa 30:31 | כִּֽי־מִקּ֥וֹל יְהוָ֖ה יֵחַ֣ת אַשּׁ֑וּר בַּשֵּׁ֖בֶט יַכֶּֽה׃ |
For at the Lord's voice, Assyria will slump; He will strike them with a rod. |
slump: qal of נָחַת. Alternatively, as qal of חָתַת, be terrified. |
| Isa 30:32 | וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֤ל מַֽעֲבַר֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מֽוּסָדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנִ֤יחַ יְהוָה֙ עָלָ֔יו בְּתֻפִּ֖ים וּבְכִנֹּר֑וֹת וּבְמִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תְּנוּפָ֖ה נִלְחַם־*בה **בָּֽם׃ |
And every passage of the rod as decreed, Which the Lord will lay on them, Will be with drums and with harps, And he will fight against them In tumultuous wars. |
them: the ketiv is her (collective usage).
rod as decreed ← rod of decree. tumultuous wars ← wars of tumult, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 30:33 | כִּֽי־עָר֤וּךְ מֵֽאֶתְמוּל֙ תָּפְתֶּ֔ה גַּם־*הוא **הִ֛יא לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הוּכָ֖ן הֶעְמִ֣יק הִרְחִ֑ב מְדֻרָתָ֗הּ אֵ֤שׁ וְעֵצִים֙ הַרְבֵּ֔ה נִשְׁמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ כְּנַ֣חַל גָּפְרִ֔ית בֹּעֲרָ֖ה בָּֽהּ׃ ס |
For Topheth was set up in the former time; It was even prepared for the king. He has made it deep; He has made it wide. It is a pyre of fire and much wood; The breath of the Lord, Like a stream of sulphur, Burns in it. |
it was even prepared: the ketiv is discordant in gender (which is permissible). The ketiv has a vav where the qeré has a yod. Interchange of these (similar) letters is a common reason for a qeré reading.
Topheth: AV= Tophet here, but not in 2 Ki 23:10; in the Valley of Hinnom ↴ |
| Isa 31:1 | ה֣וֹי הַיֹּרְדִ֤ים מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְעֶזְרָ֔ה עַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִשָּׁעֵ֑נוּ וַיִּבְטְח֨וּ עַל־רֶ֜כֶב כִּ֣י רָ֗ב וְעַ֤ל פָּֽרָשִׁים֙ כִּֽי־עָצְמ֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד וְלֹ֤א שָׁעוּ֙ עַל־קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ |
Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help. They rely on horses, And they trust in chariots, For there are many; And in horsemen, For they are very numerous. But they do not look to the holy one of Israel, And they do not seek the Lord. |
↳ (NT's Gehenna), the place of burning. |
| Isa 31:2 | וְגַם־ה֤וּא חָכָם֙ וַיָּ֣בֵא רָ֔ע וְאֶת־דְּבָרָ֖יו לֹ֣א הֵסִ֑יר וְקָם֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית מְרֵעִ֔ים וְעַל־עֶזְרַ֖ת פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
However, he is wise, And he will bring harm, And he will not revoke his words, And he will rise against the house of the evildoers, And against the accomplices of workers of iniquity. |
revoke ← lay aside.
accomplices ← help. |
| Isa 31:3 | וּמִצְרַ֤יִם אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וְלֹא־ר֑וּחַ וַֽיהוָ֞ה יַטֶּ֣ה יָד֗וֹ וְכָשַׁ֤ל עוֹזֵר֙ וְנָפַ֣ל עָזֻ֔ר וְיַחְדָּ֖ו כֻּלָּ֥ם יִכְלָיֽוּן׃ ס |
For the Egyptians are men and not God, And their horses are flesh and not spirit, And the Lord will stretch out his hand, And he who helps will stumble, And he who is helped will fall, And all of them will come to an end together. |
|
| Isa 31:4 | כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֵלַ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָאַרְיֵ֨ה וְהַכְּפִ֜יר עַל־טַרְפּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקָּרֵ֤א עָלָיו֙ מְלֹ֣א רֹעִ֔ים מִקּוֹלָם֙ לֹ֣א יֵחָ֔ת וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה כֵּ֗ן יֵרֵד֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לִצְבֹּ֥א עַל־הַר־צִיּ֖וֹן וְעַל־גִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says to me: “As when the lion or the young lion Growls over his prey, When a large group of shepherds are called out against it, And it is not terrified by their voices, And it is not deterred by their sound, So the Lord of hosts will descend To fight for Mount Zion And for its hill. |
this is what ← thus.
large group ← fulness. voices ← voice. deterred ← afflicted / humbled. |
| Isa 31:5 | כְּצִפֳּרִ֣ים עָפ֔וֹת כֵּ֗ן יָגֵ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם גָּנ֥וֹן וְהִצִּ֖יל פָּסֹ֥חַ וְהִמְלִֽיט׃ |
Like birds flying, So the Lord of hosts will defend Jerusalem. He will defend and deliver And act as in the Passover, And rescue. |
defend: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
and act as in the Passover ← passing over, an infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 31:6 | שׁ֗וּבוּ לַאֲשֶׁ֛ר הֶעְמִ֥יקוּ סָרָ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Return to him, From whom you have made a deep departure, You sons of Israel. |
|
| Isa 31:7 | כִּ֚י בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִמְאָס֗וּן אִ֚ישׁ אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וֶאֱלִילֵ֖י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם יְדֵיכֶ֖ם חֵֽטְא׃ |
For on that day A man will reject his silver idols, And his golden idols, Which your sinful hands have made for yourselves. |
|| Isa 2:20.
your sinful hands ← your hands + sin. Not the usual Hebraic genitive construction. |
| Isa 31:8 | וְנָפַ֤ל אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶב לֹא־אִ֔ישׁ וְחֶ֥רֶב לֹֽא־אָדָ֖ם תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ וְנָ֥ס לוֹ֙ מִפְּנֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וּבַחוּרָ֖יו לָמַ֥ס יִהְיֽוּ׃ |
And Assyria will fall by the sword, But not that of a man. And a sword, But not that of a human, Will consume them. And they will take flight from the sword, And their young men will become tribute-bearing. |
take flight ← flee for himself.
from the sword ← from the face of a sword, but also from the edge of a sword [AnLx]. But the combination from the face of is normally used prepositionally, meaning before / from. |
| Isa 31:9 | וְסַלְעוֹ֙ מִמָּג֣וֹר יַֽעֲב֔וֹר וְחַתּ֥וּ מִנֵּ֖ס שָׂרָ֑יו נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־א֥וּר לוֹ֙ בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וְתַנּ֥וּר ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
And their rock of refuge will vanish for fear, And their officials will be terrified at the banner”, Says the Lord, Who has a fire in Zion And a furnace in Jerusalem. |
their rock of refuge will vanish: AV differs (he shall pass over to his strong hold). |
| Isa 32:1 | הֵ֥ן לְצֶ֖דֶק יִמְלָךְ־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּלְשָׂרִ֖ים לְמִשְׁפָּ֥ט יָשֹֽׂרוּ׃ |
Behold, a king will reign in righteousness, And men will rule as officials for justice. |
|
| Isa 32:2 | וְהָיָה־אִ֥ישׁ כְּמַֽחֲבֵא־ר֖וּחַ וְסֵ֣תֶר זָ֑רֶם כְּפַלְגֵי־מַ֣יִם בְּצָי֔וֹן כְּצֵ֥ל סֶֽלַע־כָּבֵ֖ד בְּאֶ֥רֶץ עֲיֵפָֽה׃ |
And a man will be like a shelter from the wind, And a refuge from a downpour; Like springs of water in a dry region, Like the shadow of a massive rock In a weary land. |
shelter ← hiding place.
refuge from ← secret place of. Wider use of the construct state. massive ← heavy. |
| Isa 32:3 | וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁעֶ֖ינָה עֵינֵ֣י רֹאִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י שֹׁמְעִ֖ים תִּקְשַֽׁבְנָה׃ |
And the eyes of those who see Will not look away, And the ears of those who hear Will be attentive. |
look away: or, in the Syriac sense, be blinded. AV differs (be dim). |
| Isa 32:4 | וּלְבַ֥ב נִמְהָרִ֖ים יָבִ֣ין לָדָ֑עַת וּלְשׁ֣וֹן עִלְּגִ֔ים תְּמַהֵ֖ר לְדַבֵּ֥ר צָחֽוֹת׃ |
And the heart of the hasty Will understand the importance of having knowledge, And the tongue of the stammerers Will be fluent in speaking clearly. |
fluent ← quick.
in speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 32:5 | לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֥א ע֛וֹד לְנָבָ֖ל נָדִ֑יב וּלְכִילַ֕י לֹ֥א יֵֽאָמֵ֖ר שֽׁוֹעַ׃ |
The fool will no longer be called noble, And the miser will not be said to be generous. |
|
| Isa 32:6 | כִּ֤י נָבָל֙ נְבָלָ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְלִבּ֖וֹ יַעֲשֶׂה־אָ֑וֶן לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת חֹ֗נֶף וּלְדַבֵּ֤ר אֶל־יְהוָה֙ תּוֹעָ֔ה לְהָרִיק֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ רָעֵ֔ב וּמַשְׁקֶ֥ה צָמֵ֖א יַחְסִֽיר׃ |
For the fool will speak folly, And his heart will occupy itself with vanity In perpetrating profanity, In speaking error to the Lord, In draining the energy of the hungry, And causing the drink of the thirsty To be lacking. |
in perpetrating ... in speaking ... in draining: gerundial use of the infinitive.
energy ← soul. |
| Isa 32:7 | וְכֵלַ֖י כֵּלָ֣יו רָעִ֑ים ה֚וּא זִמּ֣וֹת יָעָ֔ץ לְחַבֵּ֤ל *ענוים **עֲנִיִּים֙ בְּאִמְרֵי־שֶׁ֔קֶר וּבְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶבְי֖וֹן מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
And the methods of the miser are wicked. He decides on schemings To take advantage of the {Q: poor} [K: meek] With deceitful talk, Whereas when the needy man speaks, It is for justice. |
methods ← instruments.
decides on ← advises. advantage ← spoil. |
| Isa 32:8 | וְנָדִ֖יב נְדִיב֣וֹת יָעָ֑ץ וְה֖וּא עַל־נְדִיב֥וֹת יָקֽוּם׃ פ |
And the generous man decides on generosity, And by generosity he will stand. |
decides on ← advises. |
| Isa 32:9 | נָשִׁים֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת קֹ֖מְנָה שְׁמַ֣עְנָה קוֹלִ֑י בָּנוֹת֙ בֹּֽטח֔וֹת הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִֽי׃ |
You women who are at ease, Arise and hear my voice; You confident daughters, Listen to my discourse. |
|
| Isa 32:10 | יָמִים֙ עַל־שָׁנָ֔ה תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת כִּ֚י כָּלָ֣ה בָצִ֔יר אֹ֖סֶף בְּלִ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃ |
For many days annually, You will be agitated, You confident women, For the grape harvest will fail – The ingathering will not come. |
|
| Isa 32:11 | חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם׃ |
Tremble, you women at ease, Be awestruck, you confident women; Strip off and be naked, Then gird up your waist. |
|
| Isa 32:12 | עַל־שָׁדַ֖יִם סֹֽפְדִ֑ים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶ֕מֶד עַל־גֶּ֖פֶן פֹּרִיָּֽה׃ |
Babes lament for the breasts; Parents for the delightful fields – For the fruitful vine. |
delightful fields ← fields of delight, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 32:13 | עַ֚ל אַדְמַ֣ת עַמִּ֔י ק֥וֹץ שָׁמִ֖יר תַּֽעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֚י עַל־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֣י מָשׂ֔וֹשׂ קִרְיָ֖ה עַלִּיזָֽה׃ |
On the land of my people The thistle and the briar will come up, For they will be over all joyous households, In the delightful town. |
joyous households ← houses of joy, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 32:14 | כִּֽי־אַרְמ֣וֹן נֻטָּ֔שׁ הֲמ֥וֹן עִ֖יר עֻזָּ֑ב עֹ֣פֶל וָבַ֜חַן הָיָ֨ה בְעַ֤ד מְעָרוֹת֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ פְּרָאִ֖ים מִרְעֵ֥ה עֲדָרִֽים׃ |
For the castle will be abandoned, The liveliness of the city will disappear; The raised ground and the watchtower will become dens age-abidingly – The joy of wild asses, And pasture for flocks – |
disappear ← be deserted. |
| Isa 32:15 | עַד־יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה עָלֵ֛ינוּ ר֖וּחַ מִמָּר֑וֹם וְהָיָ֤ה מִדְבָּר֙ לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל *וכרמל **וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל לַיַּ֥עַר יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃ |
Until a spirit is poured out on us from above, And the desert becomes a well-cultivated plain, And {K: the} [Q: the] well-cultivated plain Is considered a forest. |
|
| Isa 32:16 | וְשָׁכַ֥ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בַּכַּרְמֶ֥ל תֵּשֵֽׁב׃ |
And justice will prevail In the desert, And righteousness will be prevalent In the well-cultivated plain. |
prevail ← dwell. |
| Isa 32:17 | וְהָיָ֛ה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַצְּדָקָ֖ה שָׁל֑וֹם וַֽעֲבֹדַת֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה הַשְׁקֵ֥ט וָבֶ֖טַח עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And the accomplishment of righteousness Will be peace, And the work of rectitude Will be quietness and security age-abidingly. |
righteousness ... rectitude ← righteousness ... righteousness. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 32:18 | וְיָשַׁ֥ב עַמִּ֖י בִּנְוֵ֣ה שָׁל֑וֹם וּֽבְמִשְׁכְּנוֹת֙ מִבְטַחִ֔ים וּבִמְנוּחֹ֖ת שַׁאֲנַנּֽוֹת׃ |
And my people will dwell In a peaceful abode, And in secure dwelling places, And in quiet resting places. |
peaceful abode ← abode of peace, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 32:19 | וּבָרַ֖ד בְּרֶ֣דֶת הַיָּ֑עַר וּבַשִּׁפְלָ֖ה תִּשְׁפַּ֥ל הָעִֽיר׃ |
And when hail comes down in the forest, The city will lie low in the lowland. |
lie low in the lowland: perhaps standing for lie low as if in the lowland (and not bearing the brunt of the storm). |
| Isa 32:20 | אַשְׁרֵיכֶ֕ם זֹרְעֵ֖י עַל־כָּל־מָ֑יִם מְשַׁלְּחֵ֥י רֶֽגֶל־הַשּׁ֖וֹר וְהַחֲמֽוֹר׃ ס |
Blessed are you who sow Wherever there is water, And who drive the ox and the donkey. |
wherever there is ← on all.
drive ← send the foot of. |
| Isa 33:1 | ה֣וֹי שׁוֹדֵ֗ד וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁד֔וּד וּבוֹגֵ֖ד וְלֹא־בָ֣גְדוּ ב֑וֹ כַּהֲתִֽמְךָ֤ שׁוֹדֵד֙ תּוּשַּׁ֔ד כַּנְּלֹתְךָ֥ לִבְגֹּ֖ד יִבְגְּדוּ־בָֽךְ׃ ס |
Woe to the plunderer, You who were not plundered, And to the traitor, Him whom no-one betrayed. When you stop plundering, You will be plundered, When you finish betraying, You will be betrayed. |
The chapter contains some changes of grammatical person. See Lev 1:3, Num 15:9, Ruth 4:4, Song 1:2 etc.
no-one betrayed ← they did not betray. you will be betrayed ← they will betray you. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Isa 33:2 | יְהוָ֥ה חָנֵּ֖נוּ לְךָ֣ קִוִּ֑ינוּ הֱיֵ֤ה זְרֹעָם֙ לַבְּקָרִ֔ים אַף־יְשׁוּעָתֵ֖נוּ בְּעֵ֥ת צָרָֽה׃ |
O Lord, be gracious to us; We have put our hope in you. Be their strong arm in the mornings, And also our salvation In a time of adversity. |
|
| Isa 33:3 | מִקּ֣וֹל הָמ֔וֹן נָדְד֖וּ עַמִּ֑ים מֵר֣וֹמְמֻתֶ֔ךָ נָפְצ֖וּ גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
At the sound of a multitude, The various peoples will flee; At your exaltation, The nations will be scattered. |
scattered: or dashed in pieces. |
| Isa 33:4 | וְאֻסַּ֣ף שְׁלַלְכֶ֔ם אֹ֖סֶף הֶֽחָסִ֑יל כְּמַשַּׁ֥ק גֵּבִ֖ים שׁוֹקֵ֥ק בּֽוֹ׃ |
And your plunder will be gathered Like a swarm of consuming locusts; They will be greedy for it, Like the greed of desert locusts. |
consuming locusts ← consuming locust.
they will be greedy for it: AV differs (shall he run upon them). |
| Isa 33:5 | נִשְׂגָּ֣ב יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י שֹׁכֵ֖ן מָר֑וֹם מִלֵּ֣א צִיּ֔וֹן מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
The Lord is exalted, For he inhabits the heights; He will fill Zion With justice and righteousness. |
|
| Isa 33:6 | וְהָיָה֙ אֱמוּנַ֣ת עִתֶּ֔יךָ חֹ֥סֶן יְשׁוּעֹ֖ת חָכְמַ֣ת וָדָ֑עַת יִרְאַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה הִ֥יא אוֹצָרֽוֹ׃ ס |
And the abundance of acts of salvation, wisdom and knowledge Will be the mainstay of your times, And fear of the Lord Will be his treasure. |
mainstay ← faithfulness. |
| Isa 33:7 | הֵ֚ן אֶרְאֶלָּ֔ם צָעֲק֖וּ חֻ֑צָה מַלְאֲכֵ֣י שָׁל֔וֹם מַ֖ר יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃ |
Behold, their heroes will cry out in the open; The messengers of peace will weep bitterly. |
|
| Isa 33:8 | נָשַׁ֣מּוּ מְסִלּ֔וֹת שָׁבַ֖ת עֹבֵ֣ר אֹ֑רַח הֵפֵ֤ר בְּרִית֙ מָאַ֣ס עָרִ֔ים לֹ֥א חָשַׁ֖ב אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ |
The highways will be devastated; The wayfarer will cease to be found. He will break the covenant, He will show contempt for the cities; He will not consider man. |
|
| Isa 33:9 | אָבַ֤ל אֻמְלְלָה֙ אָ֔רֶץ הֶחְפִּ֥יר לְבָנ֖וֹן קָמַ֑ל הָיָ֤ה הַשָּׁרוֹן֙ כָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה וְנֹעֵ֥ר בָּשָׁ֖ן וְכַרְמֶֽל׃ |
The earth mourns and is languishing, And Lebanon is ashamed and is withering. Sharon has become like an arid tract, And Bashan and Carmel Have cast off their foliage. |
Sharon ← the Sharon.
their foliage: AV differs somewhat (their fruits). |
| Isa 33:10 | עַתָּ֥ה אָק֖וּם יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ אֵֽרוֹמָ֔ם עַתָּ֖ה אֶנָּשֵֽׂא׃ |
“Now I will arise”, The Lord will say, “Now I will be exalted; Now I will be extolled. |
|
| Isa 33:11 | תַּהֲר֥וּ חֲשַׁ֖שׁ תֵּ֣לְדוּ קַ֑שׁ רוּחֲכֶ֕ם אֵ֖שׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶֽם׃ |
You will conceive stubble; You will give birth to chaff. Your own fiery breath will consume you. |
your own fiery breath ← your breath + fire. The same construction in Isa 31:7. |
| Isa 33:12 | וְהָי֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת שִׂ֑יד קוֹצִ֥ים כְּסוּחִ֖ים בָּאֵ֥שׁ יִצַּֽתּוּ׃ ס |
And nations will be like the burning of lime; They will be set on fire, Like thorn plants that have been cut down. |
they will be set on fire ← they will set (them) on fire. Avoidance of the passive. But [AnLx] also allows be burned. |
| Isa 33:13 | שִׁמְע֥וּ רְחוֹקִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑יתִי וּדְע֥וּ קְרוֹבִ֖ים גְּבֻרָתִֽי׃ |
Hear, you who are far away, What I have done, And know, you who are nearby, my might.” |
|
| Isa 33:14 | פָּחֲד֤וּ בְצִיּוֹן֙ חַטָּאִ֔ים אָחֲזָ֥ה רְעָדָ֖ה חֲנֵפִ֑ים מִ֣י ׀ יָג֣וּר לָ֗נוּ אֵ֚שׁ אוֹכֵלָ֔ה מִי־יָג֥וּר לָ֖נוּ מוֹקְדֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
The sinners in Zion will be afraid; Trembling will seize the profane. Who among us can withstand a consuming fire? Who among us can withstand Age-abiding burning? |
profane: on a translation as hypocrite, see [AnLx] note at end of p.267.
withstand (2x) ← abide. English and Hebrew have a parallel metaphorical sense of tolerate. |
| Isa 33:15 | הֹלֵ֣ךְ צְדָק֔וֹת וְדֹבֵ֖ר מֵֽישָׁרִ֑ים מֹאֵ֞ס בְּבֶ֣צַע מַעֲשַׁקּ֗וֹת נֹעֵ֤ר כַּפָּיו֙ מִתְּמֹ֣ךְ בַּשֹּׁ֔חַד אֹטֵ֤ם אָזְנוֹ֙ מִשְּׁמֹ֣עַ דָּמִ֔ים וְעֹצֵ֥ם עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְא֥וֹת בְּרָֽע׃ |
As for him who walks righteously And speaks uprightly, Rejecting unjust gain From fraudulent practices, Dismissing with a wave of his hands Any offer of a bribe, Shutting his ear So as not to hear plots of bloodshed, And closing his eyes So as not to see plans for evil, |
from ← of. Wider use of the construct state.
dismissing with a wave of ← he shakes. offer ← acquiring. |
| Isa 33:16 | ה֚וּא מְרוֹמִ֣ים יִשְׁכֹּ֔ן מְצָד֥וֹת סְלָעִ֖ים מִשְׂגַּבּ֑וֹ לַחְמ֣וֹ נִתָּ֔ן מֵימָ֖יו נֶאֱמָנִֽים׃ |
He will dwell high up; His high fort is a citadel of rock. His food is provided for; His water supply is reliable. |
a citadel of rock ← citadels of rocks.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. reliable ← faithful. |
| Isa 33:17 | מֶ֥לֶךְ בְּיָפְי֖וֹ תֶּחֱזֶ֣ינָה עֵינֶ֑יךָ תִּרְאֶ֖ינָה אֶ֥רֶץ מַרְחַקִּֽים׃ |
Your eyes will see the king in his magnificence; They will see a far-stretching land. |
magnificence ← beauty.
a far-stretching land ← a land of distances. |
| Isa 33:18 | לִבְּךָ֖ יֶהְגֶּ֣ה אֵימָ֑ה אַיֵּ֤ה סֹפֵר֙ אַיֵּ֣ה שֹׁקֵ֔ל אַיֵּ֖ה סֹפֵ֥ר אֶת־הַמִּגְדָּלִֽים׃ |
Your heart will be taken up with dread. Where is the scribe? Where is the weigher? Where is he who counts the towers? |
be taken up with ← meditate. |
| Isa 33:19 | אֶת־עַ֥ם נוֹעָ֖ז לֹ֣א תִרְאֶ֑ה עַ֣ם עִמְקֵ֤י שָׂפָה֙ מִשְּׁמ֔וֹעַ נִלְעַ֥ג לָשׁ֖וֹן אֵ֥ין בִּינָֽה׃ |
You will not see a fierce people, Nor a people of unintelligible speech, Jabbering in a tongue Not understood. |
fierce: or obstinate, or barbarous.
unintelligible speech ← depths of lip more than to hear. jabbering: see Isa 28:11. not understood ← no understanding. |
| Isa 33:20 | חֲזֵ֣ה צִיּ֔וֹן קִרְיַ֖ת מֽוֹעֲדֵ֑נוּ עֵינֶיךָ֩ תִרְאֶ֨ינָה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם נָוֶ֣ה שַׁאֲנָ֗ן אֹ֤הֶל בַּל־יִצְעָן֙ בַּל־יִסַּ֤ע יְתֵֽדֹתָיו֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וְכָל־חֲבָלָ֖יו בַּל־יִנָּתֵֽקוּ׃ |
Behold Zion, Town of our festival times. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, A dwelling place at ease, A tent which does not move around, Whose pegs do not for ever journey, And none of whose guylines are detached. |
none ← all ... not. |
| Isa 33:21 | כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁ֞ם אַדִּ֤יר יְהוָה֙ לָ֔נוּ מְקוֹם־נְהָרִ֥ים יְאֹרִ֖ים רַחֲבֵ֣י יָדָ֑יִם בַּל־תֵּ֤לֶךְ בּוֹ֙ אֳנִי־שַׁ֔יִט וְצִ֥י אַדִּ֖יר לֹ֥א יַעַבְרֶֽנּוּ׃ |
For the mighty Lord will be there, As our place of rivers – Watercourses – very wide ones. No galley will go into it, And no mighty ship will pass through it. |
very wide ← wide of hands.
galley ← ship of oar. |
| Isa 33:22 | כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ שֹׁפְטֵ֔נוּ יְהוָ֖ה מְחֹקְקֵ֑נוּ יְהוָ֥ה מַלְכֵּ֖נוּ ה֥וּא יוֹשִׁיעֵֽנוּ׃ |
For the Lord is our judge, The Lord is our legislator, The Lord is our king; He will save us. |
|
| Isa 33:23 | נִטְּשׁ֖וּ חֲבָלָ֑יִךְ בַּל־יְחַזְּק֤וּ כֵן־תָּרְנָם֙ בַּל־פָּ֣רְשׂוּ נֵ֔ס אָ֣ז חֻלַּ֤ק עַֽד־שָׁלָל֙ מַרְבֶּ֔ה פִּסְחִ֖ים בָּ֥זְזוּ בַֽז׃ |
Your rigging has been loosened, They have not strengthened the base of their mast; They have not unfurled a sail. Then the booty of much spoil is divided; The lame grab the plunder. |
the base: from root כנן. AV's well is from root כוּן. So AV differs.
grab the plunder ← plunder the plunder. |
| Isa 33:24 | וּבַל־יֹאמַ֥ר שָׁכֵ֖ן חָלִ֑יתִי הָעָ֛ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב בָּ֖הּ נְשֻׂ֥א עָוֺֽן׃ |
And the inhabitant will not say, “I am ill.” The people who live in it Are forgiven their iniquity. |
|
| Isa 34:1 | קִרְב֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים הַקְשִׁ֑יבוּ תִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ תֵּבֵ֖ל וְכָל־צֶאֱצָאֶֽיהָ׃ |
Approach you nations, to hear, And listen, you peoples. Let earth and its fulness hear – The world and all its offspring. |
|
| Isa 34:2 | כִּ֣י קֶ֤צֶף לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחֵמָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם נְתָנָ֥ם לַטָּֽבַח׃ |
For the Lord is angry with all the nations, And is wrathful over all their armies. He will obliterate them; He will deliver them to slaughter. |
is angry with ← (has) anger over.
is wrathful over ← (has) wrath over. |
| Isa 34:3 | וְחַלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יֻשְׁלָ֔כוּ וּפִגְרֵיהֶ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה בָאְשָׁ֑ם וְנָמַ֥סּוּ הָרִ֖ים מִדָּמָֽם׃ |
And their casualties will be dumped, And from their corpses their stench will come, And mountains will melt From their blood. |
|
| Isa 34:4 | וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃ |
And all the array of heaven will dissolve, And the heavens will be rolled up like a scroll, And all their array will fall away, Like the falling off of foliage from a vine, Or like a fig falling from a fig tree. |
Matt 24:29, Mark 13:25, Heb 1:12, Rev 6:13-14.
dissolve ← melt. scroll ← book. |
| Isa 34:5 | כִּֽי־רִוְּתָ֥ה בַשָּׁמַ֖יִם חַרְבִּ֑י הִנֵּה֙ עַל־אֱד֣וֹם תֵּרֵ֔ד וְעַל־עַ֥ם חֶרְמִ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
For my sword will be satiated in the heavens, And behold, it will descend on Edom, And on a people I have condemned in judgment. |
I have condemned ← of my devotion (to destruction).
in judgment ← to judgment. |
| Isa 34:6 | חֶ֣רֶב לַיהוָ֞ה מָלְאָ֥ה דָם֙ הֻדַּ֣שְׁנָה מֵחֵ֔לֶב מִדַּ֤ם כָּרִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים מֵחֵ֖לֶב כִּלְי֣וֹת אֵילִ֑ים כִּ֣י זֶ֤בַח לַֽיהוָה֙ בְּבָצְרָ֔ה וְטֶ֥בַח גָּד֖וֹל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃ |
The Lord's sword is full of blood; It is besmeared with fat From the blood of fatted lambs and he-goats And with the fat from the kidneys of rams, For the Lord has a sacrifice in Bozrah, And great slaughter in the land of Edom. |
lambs ... he-goats ... rams: the animals, and those in the next verse, could represent the ranks in Edom's population. |
| Isa 34:7 | וְיָרְד֤וּ רְאֵמִים֙ עִמָּ֔ם וּפָרִ֖ים עִם־אַבִּירִ֑ים וְרִוְּתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ מִדָּ֔ם וַעֲפָרָ֖ם מֵחֵ֥לֶב יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃ |
And the buffaloes will be brought down with them, And oxen with strong bulls, And their land will be saturated with blood, And their dust will be made greasy with fat. |
buffaloes: or rhinoceroses.
will be brought down: hophal, or, as qal, will come down. |
| Isa 34:8 | כִּ֛י י֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם לַֽיהוָ֑ה שְׁנַ֥ת שִׁלּוּמִ֖ים לְרִ֥יב צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
For it is the day of the Lord's vengeance – The year of retribution – For the controversy over Zion. |
retribution ← retributions. |
| Isa 34:9 | וְנֶהֶפְכ֤וּ נְחָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְזֶ֔פֶת וַעֲפָרָ֖הּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית וְהָיְתָ֣ה אַרְצָ֔הּ לְזֶ֖פֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה׃ |
And its streams will be turned into pitch, And its dust into sulphur, And its land will become burning pitch. |
pitch ... pitch: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 34:10 | לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃ |
Night and day it will not be extinguished; Its smoke will rise up age-abidingly. From generation to generation it will be desolate; In all perpetuity No-one will pass through it. |
Rev 14:11, Rev 19:3.
desolate ← dried up, but [AnLx] gives laid waste. in all perpetuity ← in perpetuity of perpetuities. |
| Isa 34:11 | וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃ |
And the pelican and the hedgehog will inherit it, And the owl and the crow will inhabit it, And it is delineated as desolate, And it is marked off as forlorn. |
Alluded to in Rev 18:2.
it is delineated as desolate ← the line of desolation extends over it. it is marked off as forlorn ← the (boundary) stones of forlornness. |
| Isa 34:12 | חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃ |
As for their nobles, There will be nothing there Which they can proclaim as a kingdom, And all its officials Will be no more. |
|
| Isa 34:13 | וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃ |
And thorns will come up in its palaces, And nettles and thistles in its fortifications, And it will be an abode of jackals, And pasture for ostriches. |
jackals: see Isa 34:14. |
| Isa 34:14 | וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃ |
And the desert animals will meet the jackals, And the goat will call to its fellow. Indeed the screech-owl will settle quietly there And will find itself a resting place. |
jackals: not the same word as in Isa 34:13. Perhaps the two species are the side-striped and black-backed jackal.
goat: or satyr. Compare 2 Chr 11:15. |
| Isa 34:15 | שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃ |
The eagle-owl will make its nest there And lay its eggs and hatch them And brood over them in its shadow. Vultures will also gather there – The female and her mate. |
eagle-owl: uncertain. Probably not a snake, because most don't incubate their eggs, but a python does coil around them. |
| Isa 34:16 | דִּרְשׁ֨וּ מֵֽעַל־סֵ֤פֶר יְהוָה֙ וּֽקְרָ֔אוּ אַחַ֤ת מֵהֵ֙נָּה֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔רָה אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א פָקָ֑דוּ כִּֽי־פִי֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔ה וְרוּח֖וֹ ה֥וּא קִבְּצָֽן׃ |
Seek in the book of the Lord, And read. Not one of these females will be left behind. No female will lack its mate, For it is my mouth which has commanded it, And it is his spirit which will gather them. |
in the book ← from upon the book. |
| Isa 34:17 | וְהֽוּא־הִפִּ֤יל לָהֶן֙ גּוֹרָ֔ל וְיָד֛וֹ חִלְּקַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם בַּקָּ֑ו עַד־עוֹלָם֙ יִֽירָשׁ֔וּהָ לְד֥וֹר וָד֖וֹר יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס |
And he has cast their lot, And his hand has allocated them an area marked off by a measuring line. They will inherit it age-abidingly; From generation to generation They will dwell in it. |
|
| Isa 35:1 | יְשֻׂשׂ֥וּם מִדְבָּ֖ר וְצִיָּ֑ה וְתָגֵ֧ל עֲרָבָ֛ה וְתִפְרַ֖ח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת׃ |
The desert and the dry place will take delight in them, And the arid tract will rejoice And blossom like a lily. |
|
| Isa 35:2 | פָּרֹ֨חַ תִּפְרַ֜ח וְתָגֵ֗ל אַ֚ף גִּילַ֣ת וְרַנֵּ֔ן כְּב֤וֹד הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ נִתַּן־לָ֔הּ הֲדַ֥ר הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל וְהַשָּׁר֑וֹן הֵ֛מָּה יִרְא֥וּ כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה הֲדַ֥ר אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
It will blossom beautifully and rejoice; It will rejoice and exult all the more. The glory of Lebanon will be given to it – The splendour of Carmel and Sharon. They will see the glory of the Lord – The splendour of our God. |
blossom beautifully: infinitive absolute.
it will rejoice and exult all the more ← how much more rejoicing, and it will exult. Carmel and Sharon ← the Carmel and the Sharon. |
| Isa 35:3 | חַזְּק֖וּ יָדַ֣יִם רָפ֑וֹת וּבִרְכַּ֥יִם כֹּשְׁל֖וֹת אַמֵּֽצוּ׃ |
Strengthen weak hands, And embolden faltering knees. |
Heb 12:12.
Compare this verse with Job 4:3, Job 4:4. |
| Isa 35:4 | אִמְרוּ֙ לְנִמְהֲרֵי־לֵ֔ב חִזְק֖וּ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הִנֵּ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ נָקָ֣ם יָב֔וֹא גְּמ֣וּל אֱלֹהִ֔ים ה֥וּא יָב֖וֹא וְיֹשַׁעֲכֶֽם׃ |
Say to those of a panic-stricken heart, “Be strong and do not fear. Behold, your God will come with vengeance – With God's retribution. He will come and save you.” |
|
| Isa 35:5 | אָ֥ז תִּפָּקַ֖חְנָה עֵינֵ֣י עִוְרִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י חֵרְשִׁ֖ים תִּפָּתַֽחְנָה׃ |
Then the eyes of the blind will be opened, And opened will be the ears of the deaf. |
Matt 15:31, Luke 4:18; Matt 11:5 (allusion).
opened ... opened: different verbs in Hebrew, so not otiose. |
| Isa 35:6 | אָ֣ז יְדַלֵּ֤ג כָּֽאַיָּל֙ פִּסֵּ֔חַ וְתָרֹ֖ן לְשׁ֣וֹן אִלֵּ֑ם כִּֽי־נִבְקְע֤וּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ מַ֔יִם וּנְחָלִ֖ים בָּעֲרָבָֽה׃ |
Then the lame will leap like the deer, And the tongue of the mute will shout for joy, At a time when water will be laid open in the desert, As will streams in the arid tracts. |
Alluded to in Matt 11:5, Matt 15:31.
laid open: with connotations of cracking open. the arid tracts ← an arid tract. |
| Isa 35:7 | וְהָיָ֤ה הַשָּׁרָב֙ לַאֲגַ֔ם וְצִמָּא֖וֹן לְמַבּ֣וּעֵי מָ֑יִם בִּנְוֵ֤ה תַנִּים֙ רִבְצָ֔הּ חָצִ֖יר לְקָנֶ֥ה וָגֹֽמֶא׃ |
And the parched ground will become a lake, And the thirsty land springs of water. In the jackals' den where they lie down Will be pasture with reeds and papyrus. |
parched ground: [AnLx] has mirage, where a desert presents the appearance of a lake.
where they lie down ← its place of lying down. Discordant (which is not uncommon). |
| Isa 35:8 | וְהָיָה־שָׁ֞ם מַסְל֣וּל וָדֶ֗רֶךְ וְדֶ֤רֶךְ הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִקָּ֣רֵא לָ֔הּ לֹֽא־יַעַבְרֶ֥נּוּ טָמֵ֖א וְהוּא־לָ֑מוֹ הֹלֵ֥ךְ דֶּ֛רֶךְ וֶאֱוִילִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִתְעֽוּ׃ |
And there will be a highway and a road there, And it will be called the holy road. No-one unclean will pass over it, And it will be for him who walks in the way, And the impious will not stray onto it. |
holy road ← road of holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
the way: compare Acts 9:2. |
| Isa 35:9 | לֹא־יִהְיֶ֨ה שָׁ֜ם אַרְיֵ֗ה וּפְרִ֤יץ חַיּוֹת֙ בַּֽל־יַעֲלֶ֔נָּה לֹ֥א תִמָּצֵ֖א שָׁ֑ם וְהָלְכ֖וּ גְּאוּלִֽים׃ |
There will not be any lions there, And rapacious animals will not come up to it, Nor be found there, But the redeemed will walk on it. |
lions ← a lion. |
| Isa 35:10 | וּפְדוּיֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה יְשֻׁב֗וּן וּבָ֤אוּ צִיּוֹן֙ בְּרִנָּ֔ה וְשִׂמְחַ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם שָׂשׂ֤וֹן וְשִׂמְחָה֙ יַשִּׂ֔יגוּ וְנָ֖סוּ יָג֥וֹן וַאֲנָחָֽה׃ פ |
And the Lord's redeemed will return And come to Zion in jubilation, With age-abiding joy on their heads. They will obtain happiness and joy, Whereas sorrow and sighing will flee. |
|| Isa 51:11. |
| Isa 36:1 | וַיְהִ֡י בְּאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ | And it came to pass in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah that Sennacherib king of Assyria went up against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them. |
|| 2 Ki 18:13, 2 Chr 32:1.
Sennacherib: see 2 Ki 18:13. |
| Isa 36:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֣וּר ׀ אֶת־רַב־שָׁקֵ֨ה מִלָּכִ֧ישׁ יְרוּשָׁלְַ֛מָה אֶל־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּחֵ֣יל כָּבֵ֑ד וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד בִּתְעָלַת֙ הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הָעֶלְיוֹנָ֔ה בִּמְסִלַּ֖ת שְׂדֵ֥ה כוֹבֵֽס׃ | And the king of Assyria sent the chief butler from Lachish to Jerusalem, to King Hezekiah, with a sizeable army, and they stood at the conduit at the upper pool, which is at the aqueduct to the washer's site. |
|| 2 Ki 18:17, 2 Chr 32:9.
chief butler ... washer's: see 2 Ki 18:17. sizeable army ← heavy force. conduit at ← conduit of. aqueduct ← raised way. washer's: perhaps fuller's. |
| Isa 36:3 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א אֵלָ֛יו אֶלְיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְשֶׁבְנָא֙ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְיוֹאָ֥ח בֶּן־אָסָ֖ף הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ | And Eliakim, Hilkiah's son, who was in charge of the house, came out to him, as did Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the state secretary. | || 2 Ki 18:18. |
| Isa 36:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה אִמְרוּ־נָ֖א אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר מָ֧ה הַבִּטָּח֛וֹן הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּטָֽחְתָּ׃ | And the chief butler said to them, “Kindly say to Hezekiah, ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: «What is this object of trust in which you trust? |
|| 2 Ki 18:19.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 36:5 | אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ אַךְ־דְּבַר־שְׂפָתַ֔יִם עֵצָ֥ה וּגְבוּרָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ עַל־מִ֣י בָטַ֔חְתָּ כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְתָּ בִּֽי׃ | I quote you – but it is vain talk – ‹I have counsel and wherewithal for war.› Now in whom have you trusted? For you have rebelled against me. |
|| 2 Ki 18:20, 2 Chr 32:10.
vain talk ← word of the lips. |
| Isa 36:6 | הִנֵּ֣ה בָטַ֡חְתָּ עַל־מִשְׁעֶנֶת֩ הַקָּנֶ֨ה הָרָצ֤וּץ הַזֶּה֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִסָּמֵ֥ךְ אִישׁ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבָ֥א בְכַפּ֖וֹ וּנְקָבָ֑הּ כֵּ֚ן פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְכָֽל־הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃ | Look, you have put trust in this buckled reed staff – in Egypt – and if a man leans on it, it slips into his hand and pierces it. Such is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who trust in him. |
|| 2 Ki 18:21.
buckled reed staff: compare Isa 42:3, quoted in Matt 12:20. slips ← goes. |
| Isa 36:7 | וְכִי־תֹאמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ בָּטָ֑חְנוּ הֲלוֹא־ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵסִ֤יר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־בָּמֹתָ֣יו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֔יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִפְנֵ֛י הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ הַזֶּ֖ה תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ׃ | And if you say to me, ‹We trust in the Lord our God›, is that not he whose raised sites and whose altars Hezekiah removed, when he said to Judah and to Jerusalem, ‹It is before this altar that you will worship›?» ’ | || 2 Ki 18:22, 2 Chr 32:12. |
| Isa 36:8 | וְעַתָּה֙ הִתְעָ֣רֶב נָ֔א אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לְךָ֙ אַלְפַּ֣יִם סוּסִ֔ים אִם־תּוּכַ֕ל לָ֥תֶת לְךָ֖ רֹכְבִ֥ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | So now, please, enter into a contract with my lord the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses if you are able to provide yourself with riders on them. | || 2 Ki 18:23. |
| Isa 36:9 | וְאֵ֣יךְ תָּשִׁ֗יב אֵ֠ת פְּנֵ֨י פַחַ֥ת אַחַ֛ד עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הַקְטַנִּ֑ים וַתִּבְטַ֤ח לְךָ֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְרֶ֖כֶב וּלְפָרָשִֽׁים׃ | And how can you decline the offer of a governor among the least of my lord's servants, and entrust yourself to Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? |
|| 2 Ki 18:24.
decline the offer ← repulse the face. a governor among ← a governor of one of. |
| Isa 36:10 | וְעַתָּה֙ הֲמִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָלִ֛יתִי עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ יְהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י עֲלֵ֛ה אֶל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְהַשְׁחִיתָֽהּ׃ | Now did I come up without the Lord against this land, to bring it to ruin? The Lord said to me, ‘Go up against this land and bring it to ruin.’ ” | || 2 Ki 18:25. |
| Isa 36:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶלְיָקִים֩ וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א וְיוֹאָ֜ח אֶל־רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה דַּבֶּר־נָ֤א אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲרָמִ֔ית כִּ֥י שֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַל־תְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ יְהוּדִ֔ית בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַחוֹמָֽה׃ | Then Eliakim and Shebna and Joah said to the chief butler, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it, and do not speak to us in Judaean, it being intelligible to the people who are on the wall.” |
|| 2 Ki 18:26, 2 Chr 32:18.
understand ← hear. intelligible to ← in the ears of. on the wall: or at the wall. |
| Isa 36:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַאֶ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־*חראיהם **צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־*שיניהם **מֵימֵ֥י **רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | Then the chief butler said, “Is it to your master and to you that my lord has sent me to speak these words? Is it not to the people sitting on the wall, that they will have to eat their excrement and drink their urine with you?” |
their excrement ... their urine: see 2 Ki 18:27.
|| 2 Ki 18:27. on the wall: or at the wall. |
| Isa 36:13 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א בְקוֹל־גָּד֖וֹל יְהוּדִ֑ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁמְע֗וּ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הַגָּד֖וֹל מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | Then the chief butler stood up and called out in a loud voice in Judaean and said, “Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria. | || 2 Ki 18:28. |
| Isa 36:14 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אַל־יַשִּׁ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־יוּכַ֖ל לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | This is what the king says: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you. |
|| 2 Ki 18:29, 2 Chr 32:15.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 36:15 | וְאַל־יַבְטַ֨ח אֶתְכֶ֤ם חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר הַצֵּ֥ל יַצִּילֵ֖נוּ יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את בְּיַ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | And do not let Hezekiah persuade you to trust in the Lord, saying, «The Lord will certainly deliver us, and this city will not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.» ’ |
|| 2 Ki 18:30, 2 Chr 32:15.
certainly deliver: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 36:16 | אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ ס כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֗וּר עֲשֽׂוּ־אִתִּ֤י בְרָכָה֙ וּצְא֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאִכְל֤וּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּאֵנָת֔וֹ וּשְׁת֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מֵי־בוֹרֽוֹ׃ | Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: ‘Make things a blessing in partnership with me, and come out to me, then let each man eat from his vine, and each man from his fig tree, and let each man drink water from his cistern, |
|| 2 Ki 18:31.
this is what ← thus. water from ← water of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 36:17 | עַד־בֹּאִ֕י וְלָקַחְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם אֶ֤רֶץ דָּגָן֙ וְתִיר֔וֹשׁ אֶ֥רֶץ לֶ֖חֶם וּכְרָמִֽים׃ | until I come and take you to a land like your own land – a land of corn and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards. | || 2 Ki 18:32. |
| Isa 36:18 | פֶּן־יַסִּ֨ית אֶתְכֶ֤ם חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֖ה יַצִּילֵ֑נוּ הַהִצִּ֜ילוּ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אַרְצ֔וֹ מִיַּ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | And don't let Hezekiah entice you, saying, «The Lord will deliver us.» Have the gods of the nations delivered anyone's land from the grip of the king of Assyria? |
|| 2 Ki 18:32, 2 Ki 18:33.
and don't let ← lest. anyone's land ← a man his land. grip ← hand. |
| Isa 36:19 | אַיֵּ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י חֲמָת֙ וְאַרְפָּ֔ד אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י סְפַרְוָ֑יִם וְכִֽי־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? And have they, then, delivered Samaria from my grip? |
|| 2 Ki 18:34, 2 Chr 32:14.
grip ← hand. |
| Isa 36:20 | מִ֗י בְּכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֖ם מִיָּדִ֑י כִּֽי־יַצִּ֧יל יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Who are there among all the gods of these countries who have delivered their country from my grip? So will the Lord deliver Jerusalem from my grip?’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 18:35.
grip (2x) ← hand. |
| Isa 36:21 | וַֽיַּחֲרִ֔ישׁוּ וְלֹֽא־עָנ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ דָּבָ֑ר כִּֽי־מִצְוַ֨ת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הִ֛יא לֵאמֹ֖ר לֹ֥א תַעֲנֻֽהוּ׃ | And they fell silent, and they did not answer him a word, for the king's commandment was, “Do not answer him.” |
|| 2 Ki 18:36.
was ← (was) to say, but acting as a direct speech marker. |
| Isa 36:22 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַ֠בַּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א הַסּוֹפֵ֜ר וְיוֹאָ֨ח בֶּן־אָסָ֧ף הַמַּזְכִּ֛יר אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ קְרוּעֵ֣י בְגָדִ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י רַב־שָׁקֵֽה׃ ס | Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the state secretary, went to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and they told him the chief butler's words. | || 2 Ki 18:37. |
| Isa 37:1 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when King Hezekiah heard it, that he tore his clothes and covered himself in sackcloth, and he went to the house of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 19:1. |
| Isa 37:2 | וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֨ים אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַבַּ֜יִת וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שֶׁבְנָ֣א הַסּוֹפֵ֗ר וְאֵת֙ זִקְנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים מִתְכַּסִּ֖ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֑ים אֶל־יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹץ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | And he sent Eliakim, who was in charge of the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests – having covered themselves in sackcloth – to Isaiah, the son of Amoz, the prophet. | || 2 Ki 19:2. |
| Isa 37:3 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ יוֹם־צָרָ֧ה וְתוֹכֵחָ֛ה וּנְאָצָ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י בָ֤אוּ בָנִים֙ עַד־מַשְׁבֵּ֔ר וְכֹ֥חַ אַ֖יִן לְלֵדָֽה׃ | And they said to him, “This is what Hezekiah says: ‘This day is a day of anguish and chastening and indignity, for the sons have arrived at the stage of breaking out of the womb, but there isn't the strength to give birth. |
|| 2 Ki 19:3.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 37:4 | אוּלַ֡י יִשְׁמַע֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת ׀ דִּבְרֵ֣י רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֩ שְׁלָח֨וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֤וּר ׀ אֲדֹנָיו֙ לְחָרֵף֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַ֔י וְהוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖ע יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְנָשָׂ֣אתָ תְפִלָּ֔ה בְּעַ֥ד הַשְּׁאֵרִ֖ית הַנִּמְצָאָֽה׃ | Perhaps the Lord your God will have heard the words of the chief butler, whom the king of Assyria, his master, sent to defy the living God, and he will condemn the words which the Lord your God has heard, so you will take up a prayer for the remnant which is found.’ ” |
you will take up: a pointing issue; see 2 Ki 19:4.
|| 2 Ki 19:4. defy ← scorn [AnLx], or revile [CB]. |
| Isa 37:5 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ עַבְדֵ֛י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֶל־יְשַׁעְיָֽהוּ׃ | And when King Hezekiah's servants came to Isaiah, | || 2 Ki 19:5. |
| Isa 37:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֖וּן אֶל־אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֑ם כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־תִּירָא֙ מִפְּנֵ֤י הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר גִּדְּפ֛וּ נַעֲרֵ֥י מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר אוֹתִֽי׃ | Isaiah said to them, “This is what you will say to your master: ‘This is what the Lord says: «Do not be afraid of the words which you have heard, because the servants of the king of Assyria have vilified me. |
|| 2 Ki 19:6.
this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| Isa 37:7 | הִנְנִ֨י נוֹתֵ֥ן בּוֹ֙ ר֔וּחַ וְשָׁמַ֥ע שְׁמוּעָ֖ה וְשָׁ֣ב אֶל־אַרְצ֑וֹ וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥יו בַּחֶ֖רֶב בְּאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | I am about to put in him a certain spirit, and he will hear a rumour, and he will return to his country, and I will bring him down by the sword in his own country.» ’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 19:7.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Isa 37:8 | וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּמְצָא֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר נִלְחָ֖ם עַל־לִבְנָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י נָסַ֖ע מִלָּכִֽישׁ׃ | Then the chief butler returned and found the king of Assyria at war with Libnah, for he had heard that he had moved from Lachish. |
|| 2 Ki 19:8.
he had moved: he = Sennacherib, who had abandoned the siege of Lachish. See [CB]. |
| Isa 37:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע עַל־תִּרְהָ֤קָה מֶֽלֶךְ־כּוּשׁ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָצָ֖א לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם אִתָּ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And he heard about Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, when informants said, “He has gone out to wage war with you.” And when he heard about it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah to say, | || 2 Ki 19:9. |
| Isa 37:10 | כֹּ֣ה תֹאמְר֗וּן אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־יַשִּֽׁאֲךָ֣ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בּוֹטֵ֥חַ בּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | “This is what you will say to Hezekiah king of Judah. Say, ‘Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you when he says, «Jerusalem will not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.» |
|| 2 Ki 19:10, 2 Chr 32:17.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 37:11 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר לְכָל־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת לְהַחֲרִימָ֑ם וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּנָּצֵֽל׃ | Look, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries, in obliterating them. So will you be delivered? |
|| 2 Ki 19:11, 2 Chr 32:17.
in obliterating them: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 37:12 | הַהִצִּ֨ילוּ אוֹתָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ אֲבוֹתַ֔י אֶת־גּוֹזָ֖ן וְאֶת־חָרָ֑ן וְרֶ֥צֶף וּבְנֵי־עֶ֖דֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּתְלַשָּֽׂר׃ | Have the gods of the nations delivered them – nations which my fathers brought to ruin: Gozan and Haran and Rezeph and the sons of Eden who were in Telassar? |
|| 2 Ki 19:12.
Telassar: AV= Telassar here, but Thelasar in 2 Ki 19:12. |
| Isa 37:13 | אַיֵּ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם הֵנַ֖ע וְעִוָּֽה׃ | Where is the king of Hamath or the king of Arpad or the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena or Ivvah?’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 19:13.
or (3x): see 2 Ki 19:13. Ivvah: AV= Ivah, not recognizing the dagesh in the vav. |
| Isa 37:14 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח חִזְקִיָּ֧הוּ אֶת־הַסְּפָרִ֛ים מִיַּ֥ד הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים וַיִּקְרָאֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֙עַל֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּפְרְשֵׂ֥הוּ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Hezekiah took the communiqué from the hand of the messengers and read it, and he went up to the house of the Lord, and Hezekiah spread it before the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 19:14.
communiqué ... it ... it ← writings / books ... it ... it. Compare 2 Ki 19:14. We take it as a single document. |
| Isa 37:15 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Hezekiah prayed to the Lord and said, | || 2 Ki 19:15, 2 Chr 32:20. |
| Isa 37:16 | יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | “O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, you who dwell between the cherubim, you alone are the God of all the kingdoms of the earth. You made heaven and the earth. | || 2 Ki 19:15. |
| Isa 37:17 | הַטֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אָזְנְךָ֙ וּֽשְׁמָ֔ע פְּקַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה עֵינֶ֖ךָ וּרְאֵ֑ה וּשְׁמַ֗ע אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י סַנְחֵרִ֔יב אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֔ח לְחָרֵ֖ף אֱלֹהִ֥ים חָֽי׃ | Incline, O Lord, your ear and hear; open, O Lord, your eyes and see, and hear all the words of Sennacherib who sent a messenger to defy the living God. |
|| 2 Ki 19:16.
eyes: or eye. defy ← scorn [AnLx], or revile [CB]. |
| Isa 37:18 | אָמְנָ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר אֶת־כָּל־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת וְאֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃ | Indeed, O Lord, the kings of Assyria have laid all the nations and their land waste, | || 2 Ki 19:17. |
| Isa 37:19 | וְנָתֹ֥ן אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֣י אִם־מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה יְדֵֽי־אָדָ֛ם עֵ֥ץ וָאֶ֖בֶן וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם׃ | and they have put their gods in a fire – although they are not gods, but the product of man's hands, wood and stone – and they have destroyed them. |
|| 2 Ki 19:18, 2 Chr 32:19.
they have put: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. a fire ← the fire. |
| Isa 37:20 | וְעַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ מִיָד֑וֹ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ | So now, O Lord our God, save us from his grip, so that all the kingdoms of the earth will know that you are the Lord, and only you.” |
|| 2 Ki 19:19.
grip ← hand. |
| Isa 37:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמ֔וֹץ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ הִתְפַּלַּ֣לְתָּ אֵלַ֔י אֶל־סַנְחֵרִ֖יב מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent word to Hezekiah as follows: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Because you have prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria’, |
|| 2 Ki 19:20.
as follows ← to say. this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 37:22 | זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
these are the words which the Lord spoke concerning him,
‘The virgin daughter of Zion despises you, Derides you; The daughter of Jerusalem Shakes her head at you. |
|| 2 Ki 19:21.
these are the words ... virgin ... at you: see 2 Ki 19:21. |
| Isa 37:23 | אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה קּ֑וֹל וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָר֛וֹם עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Whom have you defied and vilified, And against whom have you raised your voice? Well, you have lifted your eyes haughtily Against the holy one of Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 19:22.
well ... haughtily: see 2 Ki 19:22. |
| Isa 37:24 | בְּיַ֣ד עֲבָדֶיךָ֮ חֵרַ֣פְתָּ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרֹ֥ב רִכְבִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י עָלִ֛יתִי מְר֥וֹם הָרִ֖ים יַרְכְּתֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן וְאֶכְרֹ֞ת קוֹמַ֤ת אֲרָזָיו֙ מִבְחַ֣ר בְּרֹשָׁ֔יו וְאָבוֹא֙ מְר֣וֹם קִצּ֔וֹ יַ֖עַר כַּרְמִלּֽוֹ׃ |
Through your servants you have defied the Lord* And said, «By the numerical weight of my chariot fleet I have ascended to the heights of mountains In the remote parts of Lebanon. And I will cut down the tallest of its cedars And the choice of its cypresses, And I will come to its ultimate height In its Carmel forest. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| 2 Ki 19:23. tallest: see 2 Ki 19:23. ultimate height ← height of its end. |
| Isa 37:25 | אֲנִ֥י קַ֖רְתִּי וְשָׁתִ֣יתִי מָ֑יִם וְאַחְרִב֙ בְּכַף־פְּעָמַ֔י כֹּ֖ל יְאֹרֵ֥י מָצֽוֹר׃ |
I have dug wells and drunk water, And by my expeditions I have caused all the channels to places under siege To dry up.» |
|| 2 Ki 19:24.
expeditions: see 2 Ki 19:24. to places ← of places. |
| Isa 37:26 | הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ |
Have you not heard from long ago That I made this? – That in ancient days I formed it? I have brought it about now, And it was so that you should reduce fortified cities To desolate heaps of stones. |
|| 2 Ki 19:25.
this ← it. |
| Isa 37:27 | וְיֹֽשְׁבֵיהֶן֙ קִצְרֵי־יָ֔ד חַ֖תּוּ וָבֹ֑שׁוּ הָי֞וּ עֵ֤שֶׂב שָׂדֶה֙ וִ֣ירַק דֶּ֔שֶׁא חֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֔וֹת וּשְׁדֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י קָמָֽה׃ |
And their inhabitants were powerless, They were afraid and were put to shame; They were wild vegetation and grassy verdure – Wild grass on rooftops, And blight on standing corn. |
|| 2 Ki 19:26.
powerless ... wild vegetation ... grassy verdure ... on standing corn: see 2 Ki 19:26. |
| Isa 37:28 | וְשִׁבְתְּךָ֛ וְצֵאתְךָ֥ וּבוֹאֲךָ֖ יָדָ֑עְתִּי וְאֵ֖ת הִֽתְרַגֶּזְךָ֥ אֵלָֽי׃ |
Now I have known your way of life, And your coming and going, And your rage against me. |
|| 2 Ki 19:27.
way of life ... coming and going: see 2 Ki 19:27. |
| Isa 37:29 | יַ֚עַן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ֣ אֵלַ֔י וְשַׁאֲנַנְךָ֖ עָלָ֣ה בְאָזְנָ֑י וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י חַחִ֜י בְּאַפֶּ֗ךָ וּמִתְגִּי֙ בִּשְׂפָתֶ֔יךָ וַהֲשִׁ֣יבֹתִ֔יךָ בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אתָ בָּֽהּ׃ |
Because your rage against me and your wantonness Have come up to my ears, I will put my hook in your nose, And my bridle in your lips, And I will turn you back to the road By which you came.’ |
|| 2 Ki 19:28. |
| Isa 37:30 | וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת אָכ֤וֹל הַשָּׁנָה֙ סָפִ֔יחַ וּבַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית שָׁחִ֑יס וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗ית זִרְע֧וּ וְקִצְר֛וּ וְנִטְע֥וּ כְרָמִ֖ים *ואכול **וְאִכְל֥וּ פִרְיָֽם׃ |
‘And this will be a sign to you: This year you will eat the produce of spilt grain, And in the second year the produce of self-sown grain, But in the third year, Sow and reap and plant vineyards And eat their fruit. |
eat their fruit: the ketiv is an infinitive absolute; the qeré a plural imperative.
|| 2 Ki 19:29. and this: the addressee changes from Sennacherib to Judah. you will eat: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Isa 37:31 | וְיָ֨סְפָ֜ה פְּלֵיטַ֧ת בֵּית־יְהוּדָ֛ה הַנִּשְׁאָרָ֖ה שֹׁ֣רֶשׁ לְמָ֑טָּה וְעָשָׂ֥ה פְרִ֖י לְמָֽעְלָה׃ |
And the remnant of the house of Judah which remains Will again strike root downward And yield fruit upward. |
|| 2 Ki 19:30. |
| Isa 37:32 | כִּ֤י מִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ תֵּצֵ֣א שְׁאֵרִ֔ית וּפְלֵיטָ֖ה מֵהַ֣ר צִיּ֑וֹן קִנְאַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־זֹּֽאת׃ ס |
For the remainder will go out from Jerusalem, As will the remnant from Mount Zion. The zeal of the Lord of hosts Will perform this.’ |
|| 2 Ki 19:31. |
| Isa 37:33 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לֹ֤א יָבוֹא֙ אֶל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹֽא־יוֹרֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם חֵ֑ץ וְלֹֽא־יְקַדְּמֶ֣נָּה מָגֵ֔ן וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ עֳלֶ֖יהָ סֹלְלָֽה׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning the king of Assyria:
‘He shall not come to this city, And he shall not shoot an arrow there, And he shall not advance on it with a shield, And he shall not raise an earthwork against it. |
|| 2 Ki 19:32.
this is what ← thus. he shall not advance on it with a shield: see 2 Ki 19:32. |
| Isa 37:34 | בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א בָּ֣הּ יָשׁ֑וּב וְאֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
He will return by the road on which he came, And he shall not come to this city, Says the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 19:33. |
| Isa 37:35 | וְגַנּוֹתִ֛י עַל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את לְהֽוֹשִׁיעָ֑הּ לְמַֽעֲנִ֔י וּלְמַ֖עַן דָּוִ֥ד עַבְדִּֽי׃ ס |
And I will defend this city, So as to save it, For my own sake, And for the sake of David my servant.’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 19:34. |
| Isa 37:36 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א ׀ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה וַיַּכֶּה֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה אַשּׁ֔וּר מֵאָ֛ה וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אָ֑לֶף וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֥ה כֻלָּ֖ם פְּגָרִ֥ים מֵתִֽים׃ | And the angel of the Lord went out and struck down one hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrians' camp, and when people arose in the morning, they saw that they were all dead – corpses. |
|| 2 Ki 19:35, 2 Chr 32:21.
they saw that ← behold. dead – corpses: MT pointing conjoins (dead corpses). |
| Isa 37:37 | וַיִּסַּ֣ע וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖שָׁב סַנְחֵרִ֣יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּנִֽינְוֵֽה׃ | So Sennacherib king of Assyria moved off and departed, and he returned and stayed in Nineveh. | || 2 Ki 19:36, 2 Chr 32:21. |
| Isa 37:38 | וַיְהִי֩ ה֨וּא מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֜ה בֵּ֣ית ׀ נִסְרֹ֣ךְ אֱלֹהָ֗יו וְֽאַדְרַמֶּ֨לֶךְ וְשַׂרְאֶ֤צֶר בָּנָיו֙ הִכֻּ֣הוּ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְהֵ֥מָּה נִמְלְט֖וּ אֶ֣רֶץ אֲרָרָ֑ט וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֵֽסַר־חַדֹּ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ ס | And it came to pass, while he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sarezer his sons struck him down with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 19:37.
Sarezer ... Esarhaddon: see 2 Ki 19:37. |
| Isa 38:1 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם חָלָ֥ה חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לָמ֑וּת וַיָּב֣וֹא אֵ֠לָיו יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אָמ֜וֹץ הַנָּבִ֗יא וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ צַ֣ו לְבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י מֵ֥ת אַתָּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill, and Isaiah the son of Amoz, the prophet, came to him and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Give your last orders to your household, for you are going to die, and you will not live.’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 20:1, 2 Chr 32:24.
mortally ← to die. this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 38:2 | וַיַּסֵּ֧ב חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ פָּנָ֖יו אֶל־הַקִּ֑יר וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the Lord, | || 2 Ki 20:2, 2 Chr 32:24. |
| Isa 38:3 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ זְכָר־נָ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לְפָנֶ֗יךָ בֶּֽאֱמֶת֙ וּבְלֵ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם וְהַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עָשִׂ֑יתִי וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל׃ ס | and he said, “I implore you, O Lord, do remember how I have walked before you in truth, and with a sincere heart, and how I have done what is right in your sight.” And Hezekiah wept with great weeping. |
|| 2 Ki 20:3.
remember how ... sincere ... right: see 2 Ki 20:3. |
| Isa 38:4 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Isaiah as follows: |
|| 2 Ki 20:4.
came ← became. as follows ← to say. |
| Isa 38:5 | הָל֞וֹךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יךָ שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָ רָאִ֖יתִי אֶת־דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ הִנְנִי֙ יוֹסִ֣ף עַל־יָמֶ֔יךָ חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | “Go and say to Hezekiah, ‘This is what the Lord God of David your father says: «I have heard your prayer; I have seen your tears. I am about to add fifteen years to your days. |
|| 2 Ki 20:5, 2 Ki 20:6.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. this is what ← thus. tears ← tear. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Isa 38:6 | וּמִכַּ֤ף מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ אַצִּ֣ילְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְגַנּוֹתִ֖י עַל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ | I will deliver you and this city from the grip of the king of Assyria, and I will defend this city. |
|| 2 Ki 20:6.
grip ← palm. |
| Isa 38:7 | וְזֶה־לְּךָ֥ הָא֖וֹת מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ | And this is your sign from the Lord, for the Lord will perform this pronouncement which he spoke: | || 2 Ki 20:9, 2 Chr 32:24. |
| Isa 38:8 | הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ ס | I am about to make the shadow of the sundial go back, the shadow which was cast by Ahaz's sundial in the sun – ten degrees backwards.» ’ ” And the sun went back ten degrees on the sundial by which it was cast. |
|| 2 Ki 20:10, 2 Ki 20:11.
I am about to ← behold me. sundial (3x) ← degrees. was cast (2x) ← went down. |
| Isa 38:9 | מִכְתָּ֖ב לְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה בַּחֲלֹת֕וֹ וַיְחִ֖י מֵחָלְיֽוֹ׃ | The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah when he was ill and recovered from his sickness: | recovered ← lived. |
| Isa 38:10 | אֲנִ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי בִּדְמִ֥י יָמַ֛י אֵלֵ֖כָה בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֣י שְׁא֑וֹל פֻּקַּ֖דְתִּי יֶ֥תֶר שְׁנוֹתָֽי׃ |
I said,
“In the quiet period of my life, I was to go to the gates of the grave; I was to be left without the rest of my years.” |
quiet period of my life ← quiet period of my days, or prime of my life, [ST] דְּמִי. AV differs (in the cutting off of my days). |
| Isa 38:11 | אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ לֹא־אֶרְאֶ֣ה יָ֔הּ יָ֖הּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַחַיִּ֑ים לֹא־אַבִּ֥יט אָדָ֛ם ע֖וֹד עִם־י֥וֹשְׁבֵי חָֽדֶל׃ |
I said, “I shall not see the Lord, The Lord in the land of the living. I shall no longer see a man Among the inhabitants of the transitory world. |
among ← with, i.e. me being with.
the transitory world: or (place of) cessation. AV differs; see [AnLx] חֶדֶל. |
| Isa 38:12 | דּוֹרִ֗י נִסַּ֧ע וְנִגְלָ֛ה מִנִּ֖י כְּאֹ֣הֶל רֹעִ֑י קִפַּ֨דְתִּי כָאֹרֵ֤ג חַיַּי֙ מִדַּלָּ֣ה יְבַצְּעֵ֔נִי מִיּ֥וֹם עַד־לַ֖יְלָה תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִי׃ |
My span of life has been torn away, And it has been carried away from me Like a shepherd's tent. I have severed off my life; Like a weaver cutting yarn, He will cut me off. From day to night You were to bring me to an end. |
span of life ← generation.
yarn ← from yarn. AV differs (with pining sickness). |
| Isa 38:13 | שִׁוִּ֤יתִי עַד־בֹּ֙קֶר֙ כָּֽאֲרִ֔י כֵּ֥ן יְשַׁבֵּ֖ר כָּל־עַצְמוֹתָ֑י מִיּ֥וֹם עַד־לַ֖יְלָה תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִי׃ |
I waited expectantly until the morning. As a lion tears apart, So he would break all my bones, And from day to night I waited For you to make an end of me. |
waited expectantly ← smoothed (my soul) [BDB]. |
| Isa 38:14 | כְּס֤וּס עָגוּר֙ כֵּ֣ן אֲצַפְצֵ֔ף אֶהְגֶּ֖ה כַּיּוֹנָ֑ה דַּלּ֤וּ עֵינַי֙ לַמָּר֔וֹם אֲדֹנָ֖י עָֽשְׁקָה־לִּ֥י עָרְבֵֽנִי׃ |
Like a swallow or a crane, So I chirped; I cooed like a dove. My eyes are weak with looking upward. O Lord*, I am oppressed; Become my security. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
upward ← height. |
| Isa 38:15 | מָֽה־אֲדַבֵּ֥ר וְאָֽמַר־לִ֖י וְה֣וּא עָשָׂ֑ה אֶדַּדֶּ֥ה כָל־שְׁנוֹתַ֖י עַל־מַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
What shall I say, In that he has spoken to me, And he has acted? I will proceed softly for all my years On account of inward grief. |
on account of inward grief ← on / at bitterness of my soul. |
| Isa 38:16 | אֲדֹנָ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יִֽחְי֑וּ וּלְכָל־בָּהֶן֙ חַיֵּ֣י רוּחִ֔י וְתַחֲלִימֵ֖נִי וְהַחֲיֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord*, by these things men live, And in all of them is my spiritual life, And you are restoring me to health And reviving me. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
my spiritual life ← the life of my spirit, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 38:17 | הִנֵּ֥ה לְשָׁל֖וֹם מַר־לִ֣י מָ֑ר וְאַתָּ֞ה חָשַׁ֤קְתָּ נַפְשִׁי֙ מִשַּׁ֣חַת בְּלִ֔י כִּ֥י הִשְׁלַ֛כְתָּ אַחֲרֵ֥י גֵוְךָ֖ כָּל־חֲטָאָֽי׃ |
But it was for peace That I had great bitterness, But you were pleased to deliver my being From the pit of destruction, For you have cast all my sins behind your back. |
but it was ← behold.
peace: perhaps here meaning retribution. being ← soul. destruction ← inexistence. |
| Isa 38:18 | כִּ֣י לֹ֥א שְׁא֛וֹל תּוֹדֶ֖ךָּ מָ֣וֶת יְהַלְלֶ֑ךָּ לֹֽא־יְשַׂבְּר֥וּ יֽוֹרְדֵי־ב֖וֹר אֶל־אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
For the grave does not praise you, Nor does death laud you. Those who go down to the pit Do not await your truth. |
|
| Isa 38:19 | חַ֥י חַ֛י ה֥וּא יוֹדֶ֖ךָ כָּמ֣וֹנִי הַיּ֑וֹם אָ֣ב לְבָנִ֔ים יוֹדִ֖יעַ אֶל־אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
It is the living, the living who praise you, As I do today. A father will make your truth known To his sons. |
|
| Isa 38:20 | יְהוָ֖ה לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי וּנְגִנוֹתַ֧י נְנַגֵּ֛ן כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיֵּ֖ינוּ עַל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ |
The Lord was there to save me, And we will play my music on string instruments, All the days of our life, At the house of the Lord.” |
|
| Isa 38:21 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ יִשְׂא֖וּ דְּבֶ֣לֶת תְּאֵנִ֑ים וְיִמְרְח֥וּ עַֽל־הַשְּׁחִ֖ין וְיֶֽחִי׃ | And Isaiah said, “Let them take a cake of pressed figs and rub it on the inflammation, and he will recover.” |
|| 2 Ki 20:7.
recover ← live. See Isa 38:9. |
| Isa 38:22 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מָ֣ה א֑וֹת כִּ֥י אֶעֱלֶ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then Hezekiah said, “What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of the Lord?” | || 2 Ki 20:8. |
| Isa 39:1 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֡וא שָׁלַ֡ח מְרֹדַ֣ךְ בַּ֠לְאֲדָן בֶּֽן־בַּלְאֲדָ֧ן מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל סְפָרִ֥ים וּמִנְחָ֖ה אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע כִּ֥י חָלָ֖ה וַֽיֶּחֱזָֽק׃ | At that time Merodach-Baladan the son of Baladan, the king of Babylon, sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah, having heard that he had become ill and had recovered. |
|| 2 Ki 20:12. 2 Chr 32:25 - 2 Chr 32:31 also describes the same period, but with insufficient commonality to be considered parallel on a verse by verse basis. See [RBG].
had recovered: the word is similar to the name Hezekiah. A play on words, or the reason for king's name. |
| Isa 39:2 | וַיִּשְׂמַ֣ח עֲלֵיהֶם֮ חִזְקִיָּהוּ֒ וַיַּרְאֵ֣ם אֶת־בֵּ֣ית *נכתה **נְכֹת֡וֹ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף֩ וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֨ב וְאֶת־הַבְּשָׂמִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ הַשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַטּ֗וֹב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִמְצָ֖א בְּאֹֽצְרֹתָ֑יו לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֗ר אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הֶרְאָ֧ם חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ וּבְכָל־מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ | And Hezekiah was pleased with them, and he showed them {K: the} [Q: his] spice house, the silver and the gold, and the fragrances, and the good quality oil, and all his armoury, and everything that was present in his treasuries. There was nothing which Hezekiah did not show them in his house and in all his realm. |
|| 2 Ki 20:13.
spice: AV differs (precious things). present ← found. realm ← rule. |
| Isa 39:3 | וַיָּבֹא֙ יְשַׁעְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו מָ֥ה אָמְר֣וּ ׀ הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וּמֵאַ֙יִן֙ יָבֹ֣אוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ מֵאֶ֧רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֛ה בָּ֥אוּ אֵלַ֖י מִבָּבֶֽל׃ | Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah and said to him, “What did these men say, and where have they come to you from?” And Hezekiah said, “They have come to me from a distant land, from Babylon.” | || 2 Ki 20:14. |
| Isa 39:4 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֥ה רָא֖וּ בְּבֵיתֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּבֵיתִי֙ רָא֔וּ לֹֽא־הָיָ֥ה דָבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הִרְאִיתִ֖ים בְּאוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃ | And he said, “What did they see in your house?” And Hezekiah said, “They saw everything in my house. There is nothing which I didn't show them in my treasuries.” | || 2 Ki 20:15. |
| Isa 39:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the Lord of hosts. | || 2 Ki 20:16. |
| Isa 39:6 | הִנֵּה֮ יָמִ֣ים בָּאִים֒ וְנִשָּׂ֣א ׀ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵיתֶ֗ךָ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר אָצְר֧וּ אֲבֹתֶ֛יךָ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה בָּבֶ֑ל לֹֽא־יִוָּתֵ֥ר דָּבָ֖ר אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | ‘Behold, the days are coming when everything in your house, and which your fathers have treasured up, up to this day, will be carried away to Babylon. Nothing will remain, says the Lord. | || 2 Ki 20:17. |
| Isa 39:7 | וּמִבָּנֶ֜יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵצְא֧וּ מִמְּךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹלִ֖יד יִקָּ֑חוּ וְהָיוּ֙ סָרִיסִ֔ים בְּהֵיכַ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | And they will take away some of your sons who will descend from you, whom you will beget, and they will be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 20:18.
descend from you ← come out of you. |
| Isa 39:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶֽל־יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ ט֥וֹב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י יִהְיֶ֛ה שָׁל֥וֹם וֶאֱמֶ֖ת בְּיָמָֽי׃ פ | Then Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the Lord, which you have spoken, is right.” And he said, “For there will be peace and truth in my days.” |
|| 2 Ki 20:19.
right ← good. |
| Isa 40:1 | נַחֲמ֥וּ נַחֲמ֖וּ עַמִּ֑י יֹאמַ֖ר אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ |
“Take comfort, take comfort, my people”, Says your God. |
take comfort (2x): pointed as piel, the verb is active, so perhaps an instruction to others to comfort the Lord's people. The pointing also matches qal, but [AnLx], [BDB] do not admit qal for this root. The word could be re-pointed ↴ |
| Isa 40:2 | דַּבְּר֞וּ עַל־לֵ֤ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְקִרְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י מָֽלְאָה֙ צְבָאָ֔הּ כִּ֥י נִרְצָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּ֤י לָקְחָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּפְלַ֖יִם בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
“Speak kindly to Jerusalem, And proclaim to her That her warfare has been concluded, That her iniquity has been propitiated; That she has received double at the hand of the Lord For all her sins.” |
↳ as pual, be comforted, but [Ges-HG] §46 does not admit a pual imperative for any verb.
kindly ← at the heart. concluded ← fulfilled. |
| Isa 40:3 | ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
A voice calling in the desert, “Clear the way of the Lord; Make a straight highway in the arid land For our God. |
Matt 3:3, Mark 1:2, Mark 1:3, Luke 3:4, John 1:23.
in the desert: MT probably associates this phrase with clear the way, the zaqef qaton being a stronger disjunctive than the zaqef gadol, [Ges-HG], though both are strong. Such adverbial ↴ |
| Isa 40:4 | כָּל־גֶּיא֙ יִנָּשֵׂ֔א וְכָל־הַ֥ר וְגִבְעָ֖ה יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ וְהָיָ֤ה הֶֽעָקֹב֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים לְבִקְעָֽה׃ |
Every valley will be raised, And every mountain and hill will be lowered, And what is steep will become level, And the rugged places a low plain. |
↳ phrases usually follow the main verb, as with in the arid land. There is little difference in meaning, because the desert is metaphorical for lack of godliness in society.
Luke 3:5. steep: or crooked. |
| Isa 40:5 | וְנִגְלָ֖ה כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֑ה וְרָא֤וּ כָל־בָּשָׂר֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
And the glory of the Lord will be revealed, And all flesh will see it together, For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” |
Luke 3:6. |
| Isa 40:6 | ק֚וֹל אֹמֵ֣ר קְרָ֔א וְאָמַ֖ר מָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א כָּל־הַבָּשָׂ֣ר חָצִ֔יר וְכָל־חַסְדּ֖וֹ כְּצִ֥יץ הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
A voice said, “Make a proclamation.” And he said, “What shall I proclaim?” “All flesh is grass, And all its grace Is like a wild flower. |
1 Pet 1:24.
wild ← of the field. |
| Isa 40:7 | יָבֵ֤שׁ חָצִיר֙ נָ֣בֵֽל צִ֔יץ כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה נָ֣שְׁבָה בּ֑וֹ אָכֵ֥ן חָצִ֖יר הָעָֽם׃ |
The grass dries up, And the flower fades, For the spirit of the Lord blows on it. Truly, The people are grass. |
1 Pet 1:24. |
| Isa 40:8 | יָבֵ֥שׁ חָצִ֖יר נָ֣בֵֽל צִ֑יץ וּדְבַר־אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יָק֥וּם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס |
The grass dries up, And the flower fades, But the word of our God Will stand age-abidingly.” |
1 Pet 1:24, 1 Pet 1:25.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 40:9 | עַ֣ל הַר־גָּבֹ֤הַ עֲלִי־לָךְ֙ מְבַשֶּׂ֣רֶת צִיּ֔וֹן הָרִ֤ימִי בַכֹּ֙חַ֙ קוֹלֵ֔ךְ מְבַשֶּׂ֖רֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הָרִ֙ימִי֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔אִי אִמְרִי֙ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Get up onto a high mountain, Zion, which announces good news. Raise your voice strongly, Jerusalem, which announces good news. Raise it; do not fear. Say to the cities of Judah, “Behold your God.” |
get up ← go up for yourself.
announces: or, if the reader prefers, announce (second person). |
| Isa 40:10 | הִנֵּ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ בְּחָזָ֣ק יָב֔וֹא וּזְרֹע֖וֹ מֹ֣שְׁלָה ל֑וֹ הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרוֹ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹ לְפָנָֽיו׃ |
Behold, my Lord the Lord Will come with strength, And his arm will rule for him. Behold, his reward is with him, And his recompense is before him. |
recompense: or work. |
| Isa 40:11 | כְּרֹעֶה֙ עֶדְר֣וֹ יִרְעֶ֔ה בִּזְרֹעוֹ֙ יְקַבֵּ֣ץ טְלָאִ֔ים וּבְחֵיק֖וֹ יִשָּׂ֑א עָל֖וֹת יְנַהֵֽל׃ ס |
He will tend his flock like a shepherd And gather lambs in his arm, And he will carry them in his bosom And lead dairy cattle along. |
|
| Isa 40:12 | מִֽי־מָדַ֨ד בְּשָׁעֳל֜וֹ מַ֗יִם וְשָׁמַ֙יִם֙ בַּזֶּ֣רֶת תִּכֵּ֔ן וְכָ֥ל בַּשָּׁלִ֖שׁ עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָׁקַ֤ל בַּפֶּ֙לֶס֙ הָרִ֔ים וּגְבָע֖וֹת בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃ |
Who has measured the waters in the palm of his hand Or sized up the heavens by the span? Or calculated the volume of the dust of the earth With a third-ephah container Or weighed in a balance the mountains, And the hills in scales? |
span: see Ex 28:16.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Isa 40:13 | מִֽי־תִכֵּ֥ן אֶת־ר֖וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְאִ֥ישׁ עֲצָת֖וֹ יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Who has assessed the spirit of the Lord, And what man has imparted knowledge to him With his counsel? |
Rom 11:34, 1 Cor 2:16. |
| Isa 40:14 | אֶת־מִ֤י נוֹעָץ֙ וַיְבִינֵ֔הוּ וַֽיְלַמְּדֵ֖הוּ בְּאֹ֣רַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וַיְלַמְּדֵ֣הוּ דַ֔עַת וְדֶ֥רֶךְ תְּבוּנ֖וֹת יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
With whom does he confer who can instruct him And teach him in the way of justice, And teach him knowledge And indicate to him the way of understanding? |
|
| Isa 40:15 | הֵ֤ן גּוֹיִם֙ כְּמַ֣ר מִדְּלִ֔י וּכְשַׁ֥חַק מֹאזְנַ֖יִם נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ הֵ֥ן אִיִּ֖ים כַּדַּ֥ק יִטּֽוֹל׃ |
Look, the nations are like a drop from a bucket, And they are counted as dust in the balance. Look, he can lift up the coastlands Like fine powder. |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 40:16 | וּלְבָנ֕וֹן אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י בָּעֵ֑ר וְחַיָּת֔וֹ אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י עוֹלָֽה׃ ס |
Even Lebanon isn't enough to burn, And its animals aren't enough as a burnt offering. |
Lebanon: famous for its trees, whose wood is needed for burnt offerings. |
| Isa 40:17 | כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם כְּאַ֣יִן נֶגְדּ֑וֹ מֵאֶ֥פֶס וָתֹ֖הוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ־לֽוֹ׃ |
All the nations are like nothing before him; They are considered less than nothing and desolation by him. |
|
| Isa 40:18 | וְאֶל־מִ֖י תְּדַמְּי֣וּן אֵ֑ל וּמַה־דְּמ֖וּת תַּ֥עַרְכוּ לֽוֹ׃ |
So to whom will you liken God, And with what comparison Will you draw a parallel with him? |
|
| Isa 40:19 | הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃ |
The artisan casts an idol, And refines gold and overlays it, And refines silver for chains. |
an idol ← the idol. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
overlays it: or beats it thin. |
| Isa 40:20 | הַֽמְסֻכָּ֣ן תְּרוּמָ֔ה עֵ֥ץ לֹֽא־יִרְקַ֖ב יִבְחָ֑ר חָרָ֤שׁ חָכָם֙ יְבַקֶּשׁ־ל֔וֹ לְהָכִ֥ין פֶּ֖סֶל לֹ֥א יִמּֽוֹט׃ |
As for the heave-offering of the impoverished, He selects some wood which will not rot, And finds himself a skilled artisan To prepare an idol Which will not be shaken. |
skilled ← wise. |
| Isa 40:21 | הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Have you not known, Have you not heard, Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood The foundations of the earth? |
the foundations: AV differs (from the foundations). |
| Isa 40:22 | הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַל־ח֣וּג הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּחֲגָבִ֑ים הַנּוֹטֶ֤ה כַדֹּק֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵ֥ם כָּאֹ֖הֶל לָשָֽׁבֶת׃ |
It is he who sits above the earth's sphere, Whose inhabitants are like grasshoppers; It is he who stretches out the heavens like fine cloth, And spans them like a tent to dwell in, |
|
| Isa 40:23 | הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן רוֹזְנִ֖ים לְאָ֑יִן שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אֶ֖רֶץ כַּתֹּ֥הוּ עָשָֽׂה׃ |
Who reduces princes to nothing, And makes the judges of the world desolate. |
reduces ← gives, puts, sets. |
| Isa 40:24 | אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם־נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם׃ ס |
They certainly won't be planted, They simply won't be sown; Their main stem just will not strike root. Also a wind will blow on them And they will dry up, And a storm will carry them away Like chaff. |
|
| Isa 40:25 | וְאֶל־מִ֥י תְדַמְּי֖וּנִי וְאֶשְׁוֶ֑ה יֹאמַ֖ר קָדֽוֹשׁ׃ |
“So to whom will you liken me, So that I will be comparable?” Says the holy one. |
|
| Isa 40:26 | שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ ס |
“Raise your eyes and look. Who created these things? He who produced the array of them by number – He calls them all by name – By great strength and mighty power; Not one is missing. |
|
| Isa 40:27 | לָ֤מָּה תֹאמַר֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּתְדַבֵּ֖ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִסְתְּרָ֤ה דַרְכִּי֙ מֵֽיְהוָ֔ה וּמֵאֱלֹהַ֖י מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י יַעֲבֽוֹר׃ |
Jacob, why do you say, And Israel, why do you declare, ‘My way is hidden from the Lord, And my just deserts Will be overlooked by my God?’ |
and my just deserts ... will be overlooked by my God ← my justice will be passed over from my God. |
| Isa 40:28 | הֲל֨וֹא יָדַ֜עְתָּ אִם־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֱלֹהֵ֨י עוֹלָ֤ם ׀ יְהוָה֙ בּוֹרֵא֙ קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִיעַ֖ף וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֑ע אֵ֥ין חֵ֖קֶר לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ׃ |
Have you not known, Or have you not heard, That the age-abiding God – The Lord, The creator of the ends of the earth – Does not become exhausted And does not become weary, And that there is no fathoming Of his understanding? |
fathoming ← examining. |
| Isa 40:29 | נֹתֵ֥ן לַיָּעֵ֖ף כֹּ֑חַ וּלְאֵ֥ין אוֹנִ֖ים עָצְמָ֥ה יַרְבֶּֽה׃ |
He gives the exhausted strength, And he increases the vigour Of those who have no energy. |
|
| Isa 40:30 | וְיִֽעֲפ֥וּ נְעָרִ֖ים וְיִגָ֑עוּ וּבַחוּרִ֖ים כָּשׁ֥וֹל יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃ |
But youths will become exhausted and weary, And young men will surely stumble. |
surely stumble: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 40:31 | וְקוֹיֵ֤ יְהוָה֙ יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ כֹ֔חַ יַעֲל֥וּ אֵ֖בֶר כַּנְּשָׁרִ֑ים יָר֙וּצוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֔עוּ יֵלְכ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יִיעָֽפוּ׃ פ |
But those who confide in the Lord Will revive in strength; They will soar in flight like eagles. They will run And not grow weary, They will proceed And not become exhausted. |
confide in ← confide of.
flight ← wing feather. |
| Isa 41:1 | הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּ אֵלַי֙ אִיִּ֔ים וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ כֹ֑חַ יִגְּשׁוּ֙ אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ יַחְדָּ֖ו לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט נִקְרָֽבָה׃ |
Be silent towards me, you coastlands, And may the nations revive their strength. Let them approach at that time, And let them speak; Let us draw near together For judgment. |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 41:2 | מִ֤י הֵעִיר֙ מִמִּזְרָ֔ח צֶ֖דֶק יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּ לְרַגְל֑וֹ יִתֵּ֨ן לְפָנָ֤יו גּוֹיִם֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים יַ֔רְדְּ יִתֵּ֤ן כֶּֽעָפָר֙ חַרְבּ֔וֹ כְּקַ֥שׁ נִדָּ֖ף קַשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ |
Whom did he raise up from the east? He called him to righteousness in his footsteps; He set nations before him, And he had him subdue kings. He made them like dust with his sword – Like chaff driven about with his bow. |
|
| Isa 41:3 | יִרְדְּפֵ֖ם יַעֲב֣וֹר שָׁל֑וֹם אֹ֥רַח בְּרַגְלָ֖יו לֹ֥א יָבֽוֹא׃ |
He pursued them; He came through in safety Along a way which he had not taken on foot. |
|
| Isa 41:4 | מִֽי־פָעַ֣ל וְעָשָׂ֔ה קֹרֵ֥א הַדֹּר֖וֹת מֵרֹ֑אשׁ אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ רִאשׁ֔וֹן וְאֶת־אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים אֲנִי־הֽוּא׃ |
Who has performed it and accomplished it, Calling generations from the beginning? I, the Lord, The first and with the last; I am he. |
Rev 1:8, Rev 1:17, Rev 2:8, Rev 21:6, Rev 22:13; also Rev 1:11 in TR, but not RP or P1904. |
| Isa 41:5 | רָא֤וּ אִיִּים֙ וְיִירָ֔אוּ קְצ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ קָרְב֖וּ וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן׃ |
The coastlands have seen it, And they feared. The ends of the earth trembled; They approached and came. |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 41:6 | אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ יַעְזֹ֑רוּ וּלְאָחִ֖יו יֹאמַ֥ר חֲזָֽק׃ |
They helped each other, And each said to his brother, ‘Take courage.’ |
take courage ← strengthen. |
| Isa 41:7 | וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק חָרָשׁ֙ אֶת־צֹרֵ֔ף מַחֲלִ֥יק פַּטִּ֖ישׁ אֶת־ה֣וֹלֶם פָּ֑עַם אֹמֵ֤ר לַדֶּ֙בֶק֙ ט֣וֹב ה֔וּא וַיְחַזְּקֵ֥הוּ בְמַסְמְרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִמּֽוֹט׃ ס |
And the artisan encouraged the refiner, And he who hammers thin encouraged him who strikes on the anvil, As he said, ‘It is right for soldering.’ And he fastened it with rivets Which would not come loose. |
encouraged ← strengthened.
come loose ← totter. |
| Isa 41:8 | וְאַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עַבְדִּ֔י יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּחַרְתִּ֑יךָ זֶ֖רַע אַבְרָהָ֥ם אֹהֲבִֽי׃ |
But you, Israel, are my servant, And Jacob, you whom I chose, Are the seed of my friend Abraham, |
Matt 12:18, James 2:23.
you: from the verbal suffix. |
| Isa 41:9 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱזַקְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִקְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵאֲצִילֶ֖יהָ קְרָאתִ֑יךָ וָאֹ֤מַר לְךָ֙ עַבְדִּי־אַ֔תָּה בְּחַרְתִּ֖יךָ וְלֹ֥א מְאַסְתִּֽיךָ׃ |
And I took you from the ends of the earth, And I called you from its remote parts. And I said to you, ‘You are my servant; I have chosen you, And I have not rejected you. |
remote parts: AV differs (chief men). |
| Isa 41:10 | אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ־אָ֔נִי אַל־תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אִמַּצְתִּ֙יךָ֙ אַף־עֲזַרְתִּ֔יךָ אַף־תְּמַכְתִּ֖יךָ בִּימִ֥ין צִדְקִֽי׃ |
Do not fear, for I am with you. Do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you, And I will help you, And I will support you With my righteous right hand.’ |
my righteous right hand ← the right hand of my righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 41:11 | הֵ֤ן יֵבֹ֙שׁוּ֙ וְיִכָּ֣לְמ֔וּ כֹּ֖ל הַנֶּחֱרִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ יִֽהְי֥וּ כְאַ֛יִן וְיֹאבְד֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י רִיבֶֽךָ׃ |
Behold, they will be put to shame, And they will be disgraced. All who were furious with you will be as nothing, And the men who contended with you will perish. |
the men who contended with you ← the men of your contention, an objective genitive. |
| Isa 41:12 | תְּבַקְשֵׁם֙ וְלֹ֣א תִמְצָאֵ֔ם אַנְשֵׁ֖י מַצֻּתֶ֑ךָ יִהְי֥וּ כְאַ֛יִן וּכְאֶ֖פֶס אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחַמְתֶּֽךָ׃ |
You will seek them, But you will not find them. The men who strove with you Will be as nothing, And the men who fought you Will be as a void. |
the men who strove with you ← of your strife, an objective genitive. |
| Isa 41:13 | כִּ֗י אֲנִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מַחֲזִ֣יק יְמִינֶ֑ךָ הָאֹמֵ֥ר לְךָ֛ אַל־תִּירָ֖א אֲנִ֥י עֲזַרְתִּֽיךָ׃ ס |
For I am the Lord your God, Who will hold your right hand, Who says to you, ‘Do not fear; I will help you.’ |
|
| Isa 41:14 | אַל־תִּֽירְאִי֙ תּוֹלַ֣עַת יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב מְתֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲנִ֤י עֲזַרְתִּיךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְגֹאֲלֵ֖ךְ קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
‘Do not fear, Jacob, Worm that you are – You men of Israel – I will help you’, Says the Lord your redeemer – The holy one of Israel. |
your redeemer ← and your redeemer. |
| Isa 41:15 | הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים׃ |
Behold, I have made you into a threshing board, Sharp and new, With many cutting edges. You will thresh mountains And grind them small, And you will make hills like chaff. |
|
| Isa 41:16 | תִּזְרֵם֙ וְר֣וּחַ תִּשָּׂאֵ֔ם וּסְעָרָ֖ה תָּפִ֣יץ אוֹתָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֙ תָּגִ֣יל בַּֽיהוָ֔ה בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תִּתְהַלָּֽל׃ פ |
You will winnow them, And the wind will carry them away, And a storm will scatter them. And you will rejoice in the Lord; You will boast in the holy one of Israel. |
|
| Isa 41:17 | הָעֲנִיִּ֨ים וְהָאֶבְיוֹנִ֜ים מְבַקְשִׁ֥ים מַ֙יִם֙ וָאַ֔יִן לְשׁוֹנָ֖ם בַּצָּמָ֣א נָשָׁ֑תָּה אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶעֱנֵ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֵֽם׃ |
The poor and the needy seek water, But there isn't any. Their tongue has dried up from thirst. I, the Lord, will answer them; The God of Israel will not desert them. |
|
| Isa 41:18 | אֶפְתַּ֤ח עַל־שְׁפָיִים֙ נְהָר֔וֹת וּבְת֥וֹךְ בְּקָע֖וֹת מַעְיָנ֑וֹת אָשִׂ֤ים מִדְבָּר֙ לַאֲגַם־מַ֔יִם וְאֶ֥רֶץ צִיָּ֖ה לְמוֹצָ֥אֵי מָֽיִם׃ |
I will open up rivers on high ground, And springs in the middle of valleys. I will make the desert a pool of water, And arid land a fountain of water. |
water ... water: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. English style might have used dew in the second case.
a fountain ← exitings, fountains. |
| Isa 41:19 | אֶתֵּ֤ן בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֶ֣רֶז שִׁטָּ֔ה וַהֲדַ֖ס וְעֵ֣ץ שָׁ֑מֶן אָשִׂ֣ים בָּעֲרָבָ֗ה בְּר֛וֹשׁ תִּדְהָ֥ר וּתְאַשּׁ֖וּר יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
I will put in the desert Cedar and acacia, And myrtle and oil-yielding trees. I will place in the arid regions Cypress, elm and box trees together, |
regions ← tract. |
| Isa 41:20 | לְמַ֧עַן יִרְא֣וּ וְיֵדְע֗וּ וְיָשִׂ֤ימוּ וְיַשְׂכִּ֙ילוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כִּ֥י יַד־יְהוָ֖ה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּ֑את וּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּרָאָֽהּ׃ פ |
In order that they may see, And know, and take note, And act wisely together, For the hand of the Lord has done this, And the holy one of Israel has brought it about. |
brought it about ← created it. |
| Isa 41:21 | קָרְב֥וּ רִֽיבְכֶ֖ם יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ עֲצֻמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם יֹאמַ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
Advance your arguments, Says the Lord; Bring forward your strong reasoning, Says the king of Jacob. |
arguments ← contention. |
| Isa 41:22 | יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה הָרִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת ׀ מָ֣ה הֵ֗נָּה הַגִּ֜ידוּ וְנָשִׂ֤ימָה לִבֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְנֵדְעָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֔ן א֥וֹ הַבָּא֖וֹת הַשְׁמִיעֻֽנוּ׃ |
Let them produce it And tell us what things are going to take place, And what the first things were. Tell us, and we will pay attention, So that we may know their end result, Or make known to us Things to come. |
pay attention ← set our heart. |
| Isa 41:23 | הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת לְאָח֔וֹר וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אַף־תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ וְתָרֵ֔עוּ וְנִשְׁתָּ֖עָה *ונרא **וְנִרְאֶ֥ה יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
Tell us the things Which are going to happen in the future, So that we may know, For you are gods, And also do good or do evil, So we can be overawed And {K: fear} [Q: see it] together. |
John 10:34.
in the future ← afterwards. you are gods: ironic here. But see Ps 82:6. |
| Isa 41:24 | הֵן־אַתֶּ֣ם מֵאַ֔יִן וּפָעָלְכֶ֖ם מֵאָ֑פַע תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה יִבְחַ֥ר בָּכֶֽם׃ |
Look, you are less than nothing, And your practices are less than vacuous. And he who chooses you Is an abomination. |
vacuous: breath, vanity. |
| Isa 41:25 | הַעִיר֤וֹתִי מִצָּפוֹן֙ וַיַּ֔את מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֑י וְיָבֹ֤א סְגָנִים֙ כְּמוֹ־חֹ֔מֶר וּכְמ֥וֹ יוֹצֵ֖ר יִרְמָס־טִֽיט׃ |
I have raised one up from the north, And he shall come. From the rising of the sun, He will proclaim my name, And he will cut through administrators like loam, And as a potter treads clay. |
proclaim my name ← call on my name, but see [AnLx].
cut through ← enter, so pass through. |
| Isa 41:26 | מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Who has told it in advance, So that we may know? And beforehand, So that we may say, ‘Quite right’?” “There just isn't anyone who tells it, There just isn't anyone who proclaims it; How much less is there Anyone hearing your proclamations! |
|
| Isa 41:27 | רִאשׁ֥וֹן לְצִיּ֖וֹן הִנֵּ֣ה הִנָּ֑ם וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר אֶתֵּֽן׃ |
First, I will say to Zion, ‘Look, here they are’, Then I will give to Jerusalem Someone who brings good news. |
first, I will say to Zion: AV differs (the first shall say to Zion). |
| Isa 41:28 | וְאֵ֙רֶא֙ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וּמֵאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֵ֣ין יוֹעֵ֑ץ וְאֶשְׁאָלֵ֖ם וְיָשִׁ֥יבוּ דָבָֽר׃ |
And I looked, But there was no-one, And I sought among them, But there was no counsellor. Nor when I questioned them Were there any who could answer. |
|
| Isa 41:29 | הֵ֣ן כֻּלָּ֔ם אָ֥וֶן אֶ֖פֶס מַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם ר֥וּחַ וָתֹ֖הוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ פ |
Behold, they are all vanity, Their works are without substance; Their cast images Are wind and wreckage. |
cast images: or libations. |
| Isa 42:1 | הֵ֤ן עַבְדִּי֙ אֶתְמָךְ־בּ֔וֹ בְּחִירִ֖י רָצְתָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י נָתַ֤תִּי רוּחִי֙ עָלָ֔יו מִשְׁפָּ֖ט לַגּוֹיִ֥ם יוֹצִֽיא׃ |
Behold my servant whom I will sustain – My chosen one in whom my being delights. I have cast my spirit over him; He will bring justice To the Gentiles. |
Matt 12:18.
being ← soul. bring ← bring out. |
| Isa 42:2 | לֹ֥א יִצְעַ֖ק וְלֹ֣א יִשָּׂ֑א וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁמִ֥יעַ בַּח֖וּץ קוֹלֽוֹ׃ |
He will not shout, and he will not act high-handedly, Nor make his voice heard in the street. |
Matt 12:19.
high-handedly ← be lifted. nor make ... heard: i.e. not clamorously. |
| Isa 42:3 | קָנֶ֤ה רָצוּץ֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁבּ֔וֹר וּפִשְׁתָּ֥ה כֵהָ֖ה לֹ֣א יְכַבֶּ֑נָּה לֶאֱמֶ֖ת יוֹצִ֥יא מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
He will not break a buckled reed, And he will not extinguish a smouldering wick. He will bring justice In accordance with truth. |
Matt 12:20.
smouldering wick ← dim flax. bring ← bring out. |
| Isa 42:4 | לֹ֤א יִכְהֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָר֔וּץ עַד־יָשִׂ֥ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּלְתוֹרָת֖וֹ אִיִּ֥ים יְיַחֵֽילוּ׃ פ |
He will not grow faint, And he will not buckle Before he has set up justice on the earth, And the coastlands will await his law.” |
buckle: [AnLx] accepts יָרוּץ for יָרוֹץ, from stem רצץ. AV differs somewhat (be discouraged).
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 42:5 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הָאֵ֣ל ׀ יְהוָ֗ה בּוֹרֵ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְנ֣וֹטֵיהֶ֔ם רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָ נֹתֵ֤ן נְשָׁמָה֙ לָעָ֣ם עָלֶ֔יהָ וְר֖וּחַ לַהֹלְכִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ |
This is what God, the Lord – Who created the heavens and stretched them out, Who pitched the earth and what it brings forth, Who gives breath to the people upon it, And spirit to those who walk on it – says: |
this is what ← thus.
stretched: plural by attraction, or impersonal. what it brings forth ← its offspring. |
| Isa 42:6 | אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה קְרָאתִ֥יךָֽ בְצֶ֖דֶק וְאַחְזֵ֣ק בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְאֶצָּרְךָ֗ וְאֶתֶּנְךָ֛ לִבְרִ֥ית עָ֖ם לְא֥וֹר גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
“I, the Lord, have called you in righteousness, And I will hold your hand, And I will guard you, And I will make you into a covenant people – A light of the Gentiles – |
Luke 2:32.
a covenant people ← a covenant of people. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Isa 49:8, Dan 11:20. |
| Isa 42:7 | לִפְקֹ֖חַ עֵינַ֣יִם עִוְר֑וֹת לְהוֹצִ֤יא מִמַּסְגֵּר֙ אַסִּ֔יר מִבֵּ֥ית כֶּ֖לֶא יֹ֥שְׁבֵי חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
To open blind eyes, To take prisoners out of confinement And those who dwell in darkness out of their prison. |
prisoners ← a prisoner. |
| Isa 42:8 | אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא שְׁמִ֑י וּכְבוֹדִי֙ לְאַחֵ֣ר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֔ן וּתְהִלָּתִ֖י לַפְּסִילִֽים׃ |
I am the Lord; That is my name, And I will not give my honour to another, Nor my praiseworthiness to idols. |
the Lord: as AV here, but compare Ex 6:3. |
| Isa 42:9 | הָרִֽאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הִנֵּה־בָ֑אוּ וַֽחֲדָשׁוֹת֙ אֲנִ֣י מַגִּ֔יד בְּטֶ֥רֶם תִּצְמַ֖חְנָה אַשְׁמִ֥יע אֶתְכֶֽם׃ פ |
As for the former things, You see that they have come about, And as for the new things, I declare them. Before they arise, I will proclaim them to you. |
you see ← behold. |
| Isa 42:10 | שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ שִׁ֣יר חָדָ֔שׁ תְּהִלָּת֖וֹ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ יוֹרְדֵ֤י הַיָּם֙ וּמְלֹא֔וֹ אִיִּ֖ים וְיֹשְׁבֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Sing a new song to the Lord – His praiseworthiness from the end of the earth – You who go down to the sea and its fulness, You coastlands And you who live in them. |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 42:11 | יִשְׂא֤וּ מִדְבָּר֙ וְעָרָ֔יו חֲצֵרִ֖ים תֵּשֵׁ֣ב קֵדָ֑ר יָרֹ֙נּוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי סֶ֔לַע מֵרֹ֥אשׁ הָרִ֖ים יִצְוָֽחוּ׃ |
Let the desert and its cities raise their voices, And the courtyards which Kedar inhabits. Let the inhabitants of the rock be jubilant, Let them shout from the peak of the mountains, |
|
| Isa 42:12 | יָשִׂ֥ימוּ לַֽיהוָ֖ה כָּב֑וֹד וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ בָּאִיִּ֥ים יַגִּֽידוּ׃ |
Let them give glory to the Lord, And let them proclaim his praiseworthiness In the coastlands. |
give ← place.
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 42:13 | יְהוָה֙ כַּגִּבּ֣וֹר יֵצֵ֔א כְּאִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמ֖וֹת יָעִ֣יר קִנְאָ֑ה יָרִ֙יעַ֙ אַף־יַצְרִ֔יחַ עַל־אֹיְבָ֖יו יִתְגַּבָּֽר׃ ס |
The Lord will come out as a warrior, He will arouse zeal as a man of war; He will cry out and shout And overcome his enemies. |
|
| Isa 42:14 | הֶחֱשֵׁ֙יתִי֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם אַחֲרִ֖ישׁ אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֣ה אֶפְעֶ֔ה אֶשֹּׁ֥ם וְאֶשְׁאַ֖ף יָֽחַד׃ |
I have been silent for a long time; I have been quiet and restrained myself. But I will scream like a woman giving birth; I will puff and pant at the same time. |
for a long time ← from an age.
puff: AV differs (destroy), from root שׁמם. We take the root as נשׁם (to breathe, pant). at the same time ← together. |
| Isa 42:15 | אַחֲרִ֤יב הָרִים֙ וּגְבָע֔וֹת וְכָל־עֶשְׂבָּ֖ם אוֹבִ֑ישׁ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י נְהָרוֹת֙ לָֽאִיִּ֔ים וַאֲגַמִּ֖ים אוֹבִֽישׁ׃ |
I will lay mountains and hills waste, And I will dry up all their herbaceous vegetation. I will make rivers into coastlands, And I will dry up lakes. |
coastlands: or islands. So some form of dry land. |
| Isa 42:16 | וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣י עִוְרִ֗ים בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בִּנְתִיב֥וֹת לֹֽא־יָדְע֖וּ אַדְרִיכֵ֑ם אָשִׂים֩ מַחְשָׁ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָא֗וֹר וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים עֲשִׂיתִ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתִּֽים׃ |
And I will enable the blind to walk along a way they haven't known, And I will enable them to tread paths they have not been familiar with. I will make the darkness in front of them light And the impracticable ways level. These are the words; I will carry them out And not renounce them. |
known ... been familiar with ← known ... known. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
impracticable ... level ← perverse ... a plain. |
| Isa 42:17 | נָסֹ֤גוּ אָחוֹר֙ יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ בֹ֔שֶׁת הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בַּפָּ֑סֶל הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לְמַסֵּכָ֖ה אַתֶּ֥ם אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
As for those who trust in an idol, Who say to cast imagery, ‘You are our gods’, They have drawn back; They will be put to great shame. |
be put to great shame ← will be ashamed (with) a shame. |
| Isa 42:18 | הַחֵרְשִׁ֖ים שְׁמָ֑עוּ וְהַעִוְרִ֖ים הַבִּ֥יטוּ לִרְאֽוֹת׃ |
You deaf ones, hear! You blind ones, Look up so as to see! |
|
| Isa 42:19 | מִ֤י עִוֵּר֙ כִּ֣י אִם־עַבְדִּ֔י וְחֵרֵ֖שׁ כְּמַלְאָכִ֣י אֶשְׁלָ֑ח מִ֤י עִוֵּר֙ כִּמְשֻׁלָּ֔ם וְעִוֵּ֖ר כְּעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃ |
Who is blind, but my servant? Or deaf, like my messenger whom I sent? Who is blind like the one who has been preserved? Or blind, like the servant of the Lord? |
preserved: AV differs somewhat (perfect). [CB]= an intimate friend or trusted one, referring this to Israel. |
| Isa 42:20 | *ראית **רָא֥וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמֹ֑ר פָּק֥וֹחַ אָזְנַ֖יִם וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמָֽע׃ |
For you have seen many things, But you do not take note of them; You have pricked up the ears But no-one takes heed.” |
you have seen: the ketiv is a finite verb; the qeré an ↴
take note of: or guard. you have pricked up: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Isa 42:21 | יְהוָ֥ה חָפֵ֖ץ לְמַ֣עַן צִדְק֑וֹ יַגְדִּ֥יל תּוֹרָ֖ה וְיַאְדִּֽיר׃ |
The Lord takes delight for the sake of his own righteousness; He magnifies the law And gives it honour. |
↳ infinitive, perhaps irregularly to be taken as an infinitive absolute, in the role of a finite verb. |
| Isa 42:22 | וְהוּא֮ עַם־בָּז֣וּז וְשָׁסוּי֒ הָפֵ֤חַ בַּֽחוּרִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם וּבְבָתֵּ֥י כְלָאִ֖ים הָחְבָּ֑אוּ הָי֤וּ לָבַז֙ וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּ֔יל מְשִׁסָּ֖ה וְאֵין־אֹמֵ֥ר הָשַֽׁב׃ |
But it is a people plundered and preyed on, By those ensnaring them all in pits, While they hide in confinement. They have been a target of plunder, With no-one delivering them – A prey, with no-one saying, “Give it back.” |
by those ensnaring: gerundial use of the infinitive.
confinement ← prison. |
| Isa 42:23 | מִ֥י בָכֶ֖ם יַאֲזִ֣ין זֹ֑את יַקְשִׁ֥ב וְיִשְׁמַ֖ע לְאָחֽוֹר׃ |
Who among you will attend to this? Who will listen and heed it afterwards? |
|
| Isa 42:24 | מִֽי־נָתַ֨ן *למשוסה **לִמְשִׁסָּ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲל֣וֹא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ ל֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָל֔וֹךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃ |
Who made Jacob a target of spoil And delivered Israel to the plunderers? Was it not the Lord, Against whom we have sinned? For they did not want to walk in his ways, And they did not heed his law. |
target of spoil: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
to walk: infinitive absolute in the role of an infinitive construct. |
| Isa 42:25 | וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ חֵמָ֣ה אַפּ֔וֹ וֶעֱז֖וּז מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַתְּלַהֲטֵ֤הוּ מִסָּבִיב֙ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֔ע וַתִּבְעַר־בּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב׃ פ |
And he poured out fury – his wrath – over him, And the force of war, And it set him on fire round about, But he did not discern anything, And it burned him, But he did not lay it to heart. |
|
| Isa 43:1 | וְעַתָּ֞ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ בֹּרַאֲךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיֹצֶרְךָ֖ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י גְאַלְתִּ֔יךָ קָרָ֥אתִי בְשִׁמְךָ֖ לִי־אָֽתָּה׃ |
And now, this is what the Lord, Your creator, O Jacob, And your fashioner, O Israel, Says: “Do not fear, for I have redeemed you. I have called you by your name; You are mine. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 43:2 | כִּֽי־תַעֲבֹ֤ר בַּמַּ֙יִם֙ אִתְּךָ־אָ֔נִי וּבַנְּהָר֖וֹת לֹ֣א יִשְׁטְפ֑וּךָ כִּֽי־תֵלֵ֤ךְ בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶ֔ה וְלֶהָבָ֖ה לֹ֥א תִבְעַר־בָּֽךְ׃ |
When you cross over water, I will be with you, And when you traverse rivers, They will not overwhelm you. When you go through fire, You will not be scorched, And not a flame will burn you. |
|
| Isa 43:3 | כִּ֗י אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מוֹשִׁיעֶ֑ךָ נָתַ֤תִּי כָפְרְךָ֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם כּ֥וּשׁ וּסְבָ֖א תַּחְתֶּֽיךָ׃ |
For I am the Lord your God, The holy one of Israel, Your saviour. I have given Egypt as a ransom for you, And Ethiopia and Seba on behalf of you, |
|
| Isa 43:4 | מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָקַ֧רְתָּ בְעֵינַ֛י נִכְבַּ֖דְתָּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֲהַבְתִּ֑יךָ וְאֶתֵּ֤ן אָדָם֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יךָ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים תַּ֥חַת נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
Because you are precious in my eyes; You are honoured, and I love you, And I will give a man for you, And nations for your existence. |
existence ← soul. |
| Isa 43:5 | אַל־תִּירָ֖א כִּ֣י אִתְּךָ־אָ֑נִי מִמִּזְרָח֙ אָבִ֣יא זַרְעֶ֔ךָ וּמִֽמַּעֲרָ֖ב אֲקַבְּצֶֽךָּ׃ |
Do not fear, for I am with you. I will bring your seed from the east, And I will gather you from the west. |
|
| Isa 43:6 | אֹמַ֤ר לַצָּפוֹן֙ תֵּ֔נִי וּלְתֵימָ֖ן אַל־תִּכְלָ֑אִי הָבִ֤יאִי בָנַי֙ מֵרָח֔וֹק וּבְנוֹתַ֖י מִקְצֵ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
I will say to the north, ‘Give them up’, And to the south, ‘Do not shut them in.’ Bring my sons from afar, And my daughters from the end of the earth. |
|
| Isa 43:7 | כֹּ֚ל הַנִּקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֔י וְלִכְבוֹדִ֖י בְּרָאתִ֑יו יְצַרְתִּ֖יו אַף־עֲשִׂיתִֽיו׃ |
I created everyone who is called by my name, And it is for my glory. I fashioned him; Indeed, I made him. |
|
| Isa 43:8 | הוֹצִ֥יא עַם־עִוֵּ֖ר וְעֵינַ֣יִם יֵ֑שׁ וְחֵרְשִׁ֖ים וְאָזְנַ֥יִם לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Bring out the blind people Who nevertheless have eyes, And the deaf, Who nevertheless have ears. |
|
| Isa 43:9 | כָּֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֞ם נִקְבְּצ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֗ו וְיֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִ֤י בָהֶם֙ יַגִּ֣יד זֹ֔את וְרִֽאשֹׁנ֖וֹת יַשְׁמִיעֻ֑נוּ יִתְּנ֤וּ עֵֽדֵיהֶם֙ וְיִצְדָּ֔קוּ וְיִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ אֱמֶֽת׃ |
All the Gentiles will be gathered together, And the nations will be assembled. Who among them can recount this, And proclaim to us the former things? Let them produce their witnesses, And be justified. Or let them hear, and let them say, ‘It is the truth.’ |
witnesses: or testimonies. |
| Isa 43:10 | אַתֶּ֤ם עֵדַי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְעַבְדִּ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחָ֑רְתִּי לְמַ֣עַן תֵּ֠דְעוּ וְתַאֲמִ֨ינוּ לִ֤י וְתָבִ֙ינוּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא לְפָנַי֙ לֹא־נ֣וֹצַר אֵ֔ל וְאַחֲרַ֖י לֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃ ס |
You are my witnesses, Says the Lord, And my servant whom I have chosen, So that you may know and believe me, And understand that I am he. Before me no God was fashioned Nor will there be after me. |
|
| Isa 43:11 | אָנֹכִ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין מִבַּלְעָדַ֖י מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
I, I am the Lord, And there is no saviour besides me. |
|
| Isa 43:12 | אָנֹכִ֞י הִגַּ֤דְתִּי וְהוֹשַׁ֙עְתִּי֙ וְהִשְׁמַ֔עְתִּי וְאֵ֥ין בָּכֶ֖ם זָ֑ר וְאַתֶּ֥ם עֵדַ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽאֲנִי־אֵֽל׃ |
I have declared it, And I have saved, And I have proclaimed it, While among you there is nothing extraneous, And you are my witnesses, Says the Lord, And I am God. |
nothing extraneous ← nothing / no-one strange. |
| Isa 43:13 | גַּם־מִיּוֹם֙ אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּ֑יל אֶפְעַ֖ל וּמִ֥י יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃ ס |
Indeed, since the existence of a day, I am he, And there is no-one who delivers from my hand. I act, And who can avert it?” |
|
| Isa 43:14 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה גֹּאַלְכֶ֖ם קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְמַעַנְכֶ֞ם שִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי בָבֶ֗לָה וְהוֹרַדְתִּ֤י בָֽרִיחִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְכַשְׂדִּ֖ים בָּאֳנִיּ֥וֹת רִנָּתָֽם׃ |
This is what the Lord, your redeemer, The holy one of Israel, says: “For your sake I have sent a force to Babylon, And I have brought down all the fugitives, And the Chaldeans are in outcry in their ships. |
this is what ← thus.
fugitives: AV differs (nobles). the Chaldeans are in outcry in their ships ← Chaldeans in ships (is) their outcry. |
| Isa 43:15 | אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה קְדֽוֹשְׁכֶ֑ם בּוֹרֵ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מַלְכְּכֶֽם׃ ס |
I am the Lord your holy one, The creator of Israel, Your king.” |
|
| Isa 43:16 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן בַּיָּ֖ם דָּ֑רֶךְ וּבְמַ֥יִם עַזִּ֖ים נְתִיבָֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord – Who makes a passage in the sea, And a route in raging water, |
this is what ← thus.
makes a passage ← gives a way. route ← path. |
| Isa 43:17 | הַמּוֹצִ֥יא רֶֽכֶב־וָס֖וּס חַ֣יִל וְעִזּ֑וּז יַחְדָּ֤ו יִשְׁכְּבוּ֙ בַּל־יָק֔וּמוּ דָּעֲכ֖וּ כַּפִּשְׁתָּ֥ה כָבֽוּ׃ |
Who brings out chariot and horse, An army and a force – says: “They will lie down together, They will not get up, They will be extinguished; They will be snuffed out like a wick. |
|
| Isa 43:18 | אַֽל־תִּזְכְּר֖וּ רִֽאשֹׁנ֑וֹת וְקַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת אַל־תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ׃ |
Do not remember the former things, And do not consider ancient matters. |
|
| Isa 43:19 | הִנְנִ֨י עֹשֶׂ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ עַתָּ֣ה תִצְמָ֔ח הֲל֖וֹא תֵֽדָע֑וּהָ אַ֣ף אָשִׂ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ דֶּ֔רֶךְ בִּֽישִׁמ֖וֹן נְהָרֽוֹת׃ |
I am about to make something new – It will spring up now. Do you not know it? Indeed, I will build a road in the desert And establish rivers in the wasteland. |
Rev 21:5.
I am about to ← behold me. build ← lay. |
| Isa 43:20 | תְּכַבְּדֵ֙נִי֙ חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה תַּנִּ֖ים וּבְנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֑ה כִּֽי־נָתַ֨תִּי בַמִּדְבָּ֜ר מַ֗יִם נְהָרוֹת֙ בִּֽישִׁימֹ֔ן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת עַמִּ֥י בְחִירִֽי׃ |
The wildlife will glorify me – The jackals and the ostriches – Because I will have given them water in the desert And rivers in the wasteland, To give drink to my chosen people |
|
| Isa 43:21 | עַם־זוּ֙ יָצַ֣רְתִּי לִ֔י תְּהִלָּתִ֖י יְסַפֵּֽרוּ׃ ס |
– A people whom I fashioned for myself, Who will relate my praiseworthiness. |
|
| Isa 43:22 | וְלֹא־אֹתִ֥י קָרָ֖אתָ יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב כִּֽי־יָגַ֥עְתָּ בִּ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And it is not that you called me, O Jacob, For you have grown weary of me, O Israel. |
|
| Isa 43:23 | לֹֽא־הֵבֵ֤יאתָ לִּי֙ שֵׂ֣ה עֹלֹתֶ֔יךָ וּזְבָחֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א כִבַּדְתָּ֑נִי לֹ֤א הֶעֱבַדְתִּ֙יךָ֙ בְּמִנְחָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א הוֹגַעְתִּ֖יךָ בִּלְבוֹנָֽה׃ |
You have not brought me the sheep For your burnt offerings, And you have not honoured me with your sacrifices. I have not overburdened you with the meal-offering, And I have not wearied you with incense. |
sheep: or flock animal, small cattle, because it can include goats.
overburdened ← made labour. |
| Isa 43:24 | לֹא־קָנִ֨יתָ לִּ֤י בַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ קָנֶ֔ה וְחֵ֥לֶב זְבָחֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א הִרְוִיתָ֑נִי אַ֗ךְ הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֙נִי֙ בְּחַטֹּאותֶ֔יךָ הוֹגַעְתַּ֖נִי בַּעֲוֺנֹתֶֽיךָ׃ ס |
You have not bought me sweet cane with money, And you have not satiated me with the fat of your sacrifices, But you have overburdened me with your sins And wearied me with your iniquities. |
overburdened: see Isa 43:23. |
| Isa 43:25 | אָנֹכִ֨י אָנֹכִ֥י ה֛וּא מֹחֶ֥ה פְשָׁעֶ֖יךָ לְמַעֲנִ֑י וְחַטֹּאתֶ֖יךָ לֹ֥א אֶזְכֹּֽר׃ |
I, I am he Who wipes out your trespasses For my own sake, And I will not remember your sins. |
|
| Isa 43:26 | הַזְכִּירֵ֕נִי נִשָּׁפְטָ֖ה יָ֑חַד סַפֵּ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה לְמַ֥עַן תִּצְדָּֽק׃ |
Bring me to remembrance; Let us appeal to law together. Put your case So that you may be justified. |
appeal to law ← be judged.
put your case ← tell / recount. |
| Isa 43:27 | אָבִ֥יךָ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן חָטָ֑א וּמְלִיצֶ֖יךָ פָּ֥שְׁעוּ בִֽי׃ |
Your first father sinned, And your mediators have transgressed against me. |
mediators: or intercessors. |
| Isa 43:28 | וַאֲחַלֵּ֖ל שָׂ֣רֵי קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לַחֵ֙רֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְגִדּוּפִֽים׃ ס |
So I have profaned the holy officiators, And I have consigned Jacob to condemnation, And Israel to reproaches. |
holy officiators ← officiators of holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
condemnation ← devotion (to destruction). Compare Isa 34:5. |
| Isa 44:1 | וְעַתָּ֥ה שְׁמַ֖ע יַעֲקֹ֣ב עַבְדִּ֑י וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּחַ֥רְתִּי בֽוֹ׃ |
But now, hear, O Jacob my servant, And Israel, whom I have chosen. |
|
| Isa 44:2 | כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה עֹשֶׂ֛ךָ וְיֹצֶרְךָ֥ מִבֶּ֖טֶן יַעְזְרֶ֑ךָּ אַל־תִּירָא֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וִישֻׁר֖וּן בָּחַ֥רְתִּי בֽוֹ׃ |
This is what the Lord – Your maker and your fashioner from the womb, Who will help you – says: Do not fear, Jacob, my servant, And Jeshurun Whom I have chosen. |
this is what ← thus.
Jeshurun: AV= Jesurun here, but elsewhere Jeshurun. See Deut 32:15. |
| Isa 44:3 | כִּ֤י אֶצָּק־מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־צָמֵ֔א וְנֹזְלִ֖ים עַל־יַבָּשָׁ֑ה אֶצֹּ֤ק רוּחִי֙ עַל־זַרְעֶ֔ךָ וּבִרְכָתִ֖י עַל־צֶאֱצָאֶֽיךָ׃ |
For I will pour water on him who is thirsty, And precipitation on dry land. I will pour my spirit on your seed, And my blessing on your descendants, |
|
| Isa 44:4 | וְצָמְח֖וּ בְּבֵ֣ין חָצִ֑יר כַּעֲרָבִ֖ים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָֽיִם׃ |
And they will sprout up among the vegetation Like willows by streams of water. |
|
| Isa 44:5 | זֶ֤ה יֹאמַר֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אָ֔נִי וְזֶ֖ה יִקְרָ֣א בְשֵֽׁם־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְזֶ֗ה יִכְתֹּ֤ב יָדוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְשֵׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יְכַנֶּֽה׃ פ |
One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord’, And another will call out in the name of Jacob, While another will write by hand, ‘Of the Lord’, And he will designate himself By the name Israel.” |
by hand ← his hand. |
| Isa 44:6 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְגֹאֲל֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אֲנִ֤י רִאשׁוֹן֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אַחֲר֔וֹן וּמִבַּלְעָדַ֖י אֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
This is what the Lord – The king of Israel, And his kinsman redeemer, The Lord of hosts – says: “I am the first And I am the last, And besides me there is no God. |
Rev 1:8, Rev 1:17, Rev 2:8, Rev 21:6, Rev 22:13; also Rev 1:11 in TR, but not RP or P1904.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 44:7 | וּמִֽי־כָמ֣וֹנִי יִקְרָ֗א וְיַגִּידֶ֤הָ וְיַעְרְכֶ֙הָ֙ לִ֔י מִשּׂוּמִ֖י עַם־עוֹלָ֑ם וְאֹתִיּ֛וֹת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖אנָה יַגִּ֥ידוּ לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And who, being like me, Has been able to proclaim and describe it, And arrange it for me, Since I appointed an age-abiding people? And let them describe to them The things to come And those which will arrive. |
|
| Isa 44:8 | אַֽל־תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ וְאַל־תִּרְה֔וּ הֲלֹ֥א מֵאָ֛ז הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְאַתֶּ֣ם עֵדָ֑י הֲיֵ֤שׁ אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר בַּל־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ |
Do not fear and do not be afraid. Have I not informed you previously And described it, While you are my witnesses? Is there a God besides me? Indeed there is no rock; I do not know of any. |
previously ← from then.
rock: frequently used metaphorically of God (Deut 32 throughout, 1 Sam 2:2, Hab 1:12 etc.). |
| Isa 44:9 | יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄ בַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃ |
As for the fashioners of an idol, They are all a cause of ruin, And their sought-after objects Are of no benefit. And they are their own witnesses – They do not see, and they do not know. So they will be ashamed. |
sought-after objects ← desired (objects).
so: the Hebrew word usually introduces purpose, but here apparently consequence. Compare Hos 8:4. |
| Isa 44:10 | מִֽי־יָצַ֥ר אֵ֖ל וּפֶ֣סֶל נָסָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל׃ |
Who is it who forms a god Or casts an idol – Which is to no avail? |
|
| Isa 44:11 | הֵ֤ן כָּל־חֲבֵרָיו֙ יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ וְחָרָשִׁ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה מֵֽאָדָ֑ם יִֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ יַֽעֲמֹ֔דוּ יִפְחֲד֖וּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ יָֽחַד׃ |
You will see that all his colleagues will be put to shame – Those who are artisans from among men. Let them all assemble, Let them take a stand, But they will fear And all be put to shame together. |
you will see that ← behold.
be put to shame: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Isa 44:12 | חָרַ֤שׁ בַּרְזֶל֙ מַֽעֲצָ֔ד וּפָעַל֙ בַּפֶּחָ֔ם וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיִּפְעָלֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ כֹּח֔וֹ גַּם־רָעֵב֙ וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ לֹא־שָׁ֥תָה מַ֖יִם וַיִּיעָֽף׃ |
The blacksmith with a chisel, As he works at burning coal, Fashions it with a hammer, And works at it with his strong arm, Even if he is hungry And has no strength And has not drunk water And has become weary. |
blacksmith ← artisan of iron.
chisel: [AnLx], [BDB], [Ges-HCL] have axe, but (household) idols are made using a hammer and chisel, not an axe. his strong arm ← the arm of his strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 44:13 | חָרַ֣שׁ עֵצִים֮ נָ֣טָה קָו֒ יְתָאֲרֵ֣הוּ בַשֶּׂ֔רֶד יַעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ בַּמַּקְצֻע֔וֹת וּבַמְּחוּגָ֖ה יְתָאֳרֵ֑הוּ וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ כְּתַבְנִ֣ית אִ֔ישׁ כְּתִפְאֶ֥רֶת אָדָ֖ם לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽיִת׃ |
The woodcarver applies a straight edge, And delineates it with a stylus, And processes the wood with a plane, And marks it out with a pair of compasses, And makes it in the shape of a man, In the elegance of a human, To stand in a house. |
woodcarver ← artisan of wood.
stand ← dwell / sit. |
| Isa 44:14 | לִכְרָת־ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים וַיִּקַּ֤ח תִּרְזָה֙ וְאַלּ֔וֹן וַיְאַמֶּץ־ל֖וֹ בַּעֲצֵי־יָ֑עַר נָטַ֥ע אֹ֖רֶן וְגֶ֥שֶׁם יְגַדֵּֽל׃ |
He chops down some cedars for himself And takes some holm-oak and oak And encourages himself with the trees of the forest, And he plants mountain ash, And the rain makes them grow. |
encourages ← strengthens. |
| Isa 44:15 | וְהָיָ֤ה לְאָדָם֙ לְבָעֵ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ וַיָּ֔חָם אַף־יַשִּׂ֖יק וְאָ֣פָה לָ֑חֶם אַף־יִפְעַל־אֵל֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ עָשָׂ֥הוּ פֶ֖סֶל וַיִּסְגָּד־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And the wood becomes something for a man to burn, And he takes some of the logs and warms himself, And he also fires up an oven and bakes bread, Yet he also fashions a god And worships it; He makes it into an idol And prostrates himself to it. |
the wood ← it.
the logs ← them. to it: a good example of לָמוֹ standing for לוֹ. See [Ges-HG] §103f. |
| Isa 44:16 | חֶצְיוֹ֙ שָׂרַ֣ף בְּמוֹ־אֵ֔שׁ עַל־חֶצְיוֹ֙ בָּשָׂ֣ר יֹאכֵ֔ל יִצְלֶ֥ה צָלִ֖י וְיִשְׂבָּ֑ע אַף־יָחֹם֙ וְיֹאמַ֣ר הֶאָ֔ח חַמּוֹתִ֖י רָאִ֥יתִי אֽוּר׃ |
He burns half of it in a fire, He eats meat cooked on half of it, And roasts a joint, And has his fill, And also warms himself and says, ‘Ah, I have become warm; I have provided myself with a fire.’ |
half of it: i.e. the chippings as he chisels an idol.
joint ← roasting. has his fill ← is satiated. provided myself with ← seen. |
| Isa 44:17 | וּשְׁאֵ֣רִית֔וֹ לְאֵ֥ל עָשָׂ֖ה לְפִסְל֑וֹ *יסגוד־**יִסְגָּד־ל֤וֹ וְיִשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֵלָ֔יו וְיֹאמַר֙ הַצִּילֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י אֵלִ֖י אָֽתָּה׃ |
Then he turns the rest of it into a god – Into his idol – And prostrates himself to it And worships it And prays to it and says, ‘Save me, For you are my god.’ |
prostrates himself: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
turns ← makes. |
| Isa 44:18 | לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יָבִ֑ינוּ כִּ֣י טַ֤ח מֵֽרְאוֹת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם מֵהַשְׂכִּ֖יל לִבֹּתָֽם׃ |
They do not know, And they do not understand, For he has covered over their eyes So that they do not see, And their hearts So that they do not perceive. |
covered ← plastered. |
| Isa 44:19 | וְלֹא־יָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־לִבּ֗וֹ וְלֹ֨א דַ֥עַת וְלֹֽא־תְבוּנָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ חֶצְי֞וֹ שָׂרַ֣פְתִּי בְמוֹ־אֵ֗שׁ וְ֠אַף אָפִ֤יתִי עַל־גֶּחָלָיו֙ לֶ֔חֶם אֶצְלֶ֥ה בָשָׂ֖ר וְאֹכֵ֑ל וְיִתְרוֹ֙ לְתוֹעֵבָ֣ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה לְב֥וּל עֵ֖ץ אֶסְגּֽוֹד׃ |
And no-one lays it to heart, And there is no knowledge and no understanding, Whereby they would say, ‘I have burned part in a fire, And I have also used some for baking bread on its hot embers; I have roasted meat and eaten it, So shall I make the rest an abomination, And prostrate myself to a wooden product?’ |
heart ← his heart. |
| Isa 44:20 | רֹעֶ֣ה אֵ֔פֶר לֵ֥ב הוּתַ֖ל הִטָּ֑הוּ וְלֹֽא־יַצִּ֤יל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א יֹאמַ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא שֶׁ֖קֶר בִּימִינִֽי׃ ס |
He feeds on ash; A deluded heart has misguided him, And he cannot save his life, And he cannot say, ‘Isn't there something false In my right hand?’ |
life ← soul. |
| Isa 44:21 | זְכָר־אֵ֣לֶּה יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֣י עַבְדִּי־אָ֑תָּה יְצַרְתִּ֤יךָ עֶֽבֶד־לִי֙ אַ֔תָּה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א תִנָּשֵֽׁנִי׃ |
Remember these things, O Jacob, And Israel, that you are my servant. I fashioned you; You are my servant. Israel, you will not be forgotten by me. |
|
| Isa 44:22 | מָחִ֤יתִי כָעָב֙ פְּשָׁעֶ֔יךָ וְכֶעָנָ֖ן חַטֹּאותֶ֑יךָ שׁוּבָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י כִּ֥י גְאַלְתִּֽיךָ׃ |
I have wiped out your transgressions Like a thick cloud, And your sins Like a raincloud. Come back to me, For I have redeemed you. |
|
| Isa 44:23 | רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃ פ |
Be jubilant, O heavens, For the Lord has taken action. Shout out, you lower parts of the earth; Break out into jubilation, you mountains, You forest and all the trees within, For the Lord has redeemed Jacob, And glorifies himself in Israel. |
within ← in it. A change of grammatical person from the second person imperatives; compare Num 15:9. |
| Isa 44:24 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ גֹּאֲלֶ֔ךָ וְיֹצֶרְךָ֖ מִבָּ֑טֶן אָנֹכִ֤י יְהוָה֙ עֹ֣שֶׂה כֹּ֔ל נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ לְבַדִּ֔י רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ *מי *אתי **מֵאִתִּֽי׃ |
This is what the Lord – Your redeemer and your fashioner from the womb – Says: I am the Lord, Who is the maker of everything, Who stretches out the heavens on my own, Who pitched the earth {K: – who did so with me? –} [Q: by myself,] |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 44:25 | מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃ |
Who obstructs false signs, And who puts magicians to shame, Who refutes the wise, And who shows the fallacy of their knowledge, |
false signs ← signs of falsities, a Hebraic genitive.
refutes ← drives back. |
| Isa 44:26 | מֵקִים֙ דְּבַ֣ר עַבְדּ֔וֹ וַעֲצַ֥ת מַלְאָכָ֖יו יַשְׁלִ֑ים הָאֹמֵ֨ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תּוּשָׁ֗ב וּלְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ינָה וְחָרְבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲקוֹמֵֽם׃ |
Who brings to pass the word of his servant And fulfils the counsel committed to his messengers, Who says to Jerusalem, ‘You will be inhabited’, And to the cities of Judah, ‘You will be rebuilt’, For I will restore her desolate places, |
brings to pass ← raises.
fulfils ← completes. counsel committed to: a subjective genitive (the Lord gives counsel). AV differs (counsel of), suggesting that the Lord takes counsel. rebuilt ← built. |
| Isa 44:27 | הָאֹמֵ֥ר לַצּוּלָ֖ה חֳרָ֑בִי וְנַהֲרֹתַ֖יִךְ אוֹבִֽישׁ׃ |
I who say to the deep, ‘Become dry’, And I dry your rivers up, |
|
| Isa 44:28 | הָאֹמֵ֤ר לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ רֹעִ֔י וְכָל־חֶפְצִ֖י יַשְׁלִ֑ם וְלֵאמֹ֤ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ה וְהֵיכָ֖ל תִּוָּסֵֽד׃ ס |
I who say to Cyrus, ‘My shepherd.’ And he will fulfil all my desire And say to Jerusalem, ‘You will be rebuilt’, And to the temple, ‘You will be founded.’ |
rebuilt ← built. |
| Isa 45:1 | כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ׃ |
This is what the Lord says to his anointed one, To Cyrus whose right hand I have taken hold of, To subdue nations before him, As I slacken the loins of kings, And to open double doors in front of him, And to see to it that gates will not be closed: |
this is what ← thus.
anointed one: the same word as messiah, applicable to kings in general, as well as the Messiah. slacken: the opposite of gird. |
| Isa 45:2 | אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים *אושר **אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ׃ |
‘I will walk before you, And I will straighten twisting places; I will shatter copper doors, And I will break iron bolts in pieces. |
I will straighten: the ketiv (אוֹשִׁר, hiphil, scriptio defectiva) is a variant of the qeré (piel), with the same meaning. |
| Isa 45:3 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ אוֹצְר֣וֹת חֹ֔שֶׁךְ וּמַטְמֻנֵ֖י מִסְתָּרִ֑ים לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה הַקּוֹרֵ֥א בְשִׁמְךָ֖ אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And I will give you dark treasures, And valuables hidden in secret places, In order that you may know that I am the Lord Who is calling you by your name, And that I am the God of Israel. |
dark treasures ← treasures of darkness, a Hebraic genitive.
valuables hidden in ← hidden valuables of. |
| Isa 45:4 | לְמַ֙עַן֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּחִירִ֑י וָאֶקְרָ֤א לְךָ֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ אֲכַנְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי׃ |
It is for the sake of my servant Jacob, And Israel my chosen one, That I have called you by your name. I have given you a title, But you have not known me. |
|
| Isa 45:5 | אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד זוּלָתִ֖י אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲאַזֶּרְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי׃ |
I am the Lord, And there is no other; There is no God apart from me. I gird you up, But you haven't known me. |
Mark 12:32. |
| Isa 45:6 | לְמַ֣עַן יֵדְע֗וּ מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וּמִמַּ֣עֲרָבָ֔הּ כִּי־אֶ֖פֶס בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃ |
This is so that they may know, From the rising of the sun to the west, That there is no-one apart from me. I am the Lord, And there is no other. |
to the west ← from its (the sun's) west. |
| Isa 45:7 | יוֹצֵ֥ר אוֹר֙ וּבוֹרֵ֣א חֹ֔שֶׁךְ עֹשֶׂ֥ה שָׁל֖וֹם וּב֣וֹרֵא רָ֑ע אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עֹשֶׂ֥ה כָל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ ס |
I form light and create darkness, I make peace and create harm; I am the Lord Who does all these things. |
|
| Isa 45:8 | הַרְעִ֤יפוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וּשְׁחָקִ֖ים יִזְּלוּ־צֶ֑דֶק תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֣רֶץ וְיִפְרוּ־יֶ֗שַׁע וּצְדָקָ֤ה תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙ יַ֔חַד אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּרָאתִֽיו׃ ס |
Distil dew, O heavens above, And let the skies drip down righteousness. Let the earth open, And let them be fruitful with salvation, And let righteousness spring up together with them. I am the Lord; I created it. |
dew: standing for instruction; compare Deut 32:2. |
| Isa 45:9 | ה֗וֹי רָ֚ב אֶת־יֹ֣צְר֔וֹ חֶ֖רֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂ֣י אֲדָמָ֑ה הֲיֹאמַ֨ר חֹ֤מֶר לְיֹֽצְרוֹ֙ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וּפָעָלְךָ֖ אֵין־יָדַ֥יִם לֽוֹ׃ ס |
Woe to him who quarrels with the one who fashioned him, In the way a potsherd quarrels with the potsherds of the ground. Shall the clay say to its fashioner, «What are you making?»? Or shall your work say, «He has no hands»? |
potsherds of the ground: re-pointed, this could read artificers of clay, but it is not the usual word for clay (the usual word being in the next clause).
Rom 9:20. |
| Isa 45:10 | ה֛וֹי אֹמֵ֥ר לְאָ֖ב מַה־תּוֹלִ֑יד וּלְאִשָּׁ֖ה מַה־תְּחִילִֽין׃ ס |
Woe to him who says to his father, «What have you begotten?» Or to a woman, «What have you given birth to?» ’ ” |
|
| Isa 45:11 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְיֹצְר֑וֹ הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת שְׁאָל֔וּנִי עַל־בָּנַ֛י וְעַל־פֹּ֥עַל יָדַ֖י תְּצַוֻּֽנִי׃ |
This is what the Lord, The holy one of Israel, And their maker, says: “Ask me about things to come; Command me concerning my sons, And about the work of my hands. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 45:12 | אָֽנֹכִי֙ עָשִׂ֣יתִי אֶ֔רֶץ וְאָדָ֖ם עָלֶ֣יהָ בָרָ֑אתִי אֲנִ֗י יָדַי֙ נָט֣וּ שָׁמַ֔יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֖ם צִוֵּֽיתִי׃ |
I made the earth, And I created man on it; It was my hands which stretched out the heavens, And it was me who set out all their array. |
me: or, if the reader prefers, I.
set out ← commanded. |
| Isa 45:13 | אָנֹכִי֙ הַעִירֹתִ֣הֽוּ בְצֶ֔דֶק וְכָל־דְּרָכָ֖יו אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֤ה עִירִי֙ וְגָלוּתִ֣י יְשַׁלֵּ֔חַ לֹ֤א בִמְחִיר֙ וְלֹ֣א בְשֹׁ֔חַד אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ |
I have raised him up in righteousness, And I will direct all his ways. He will rebuild my city And let my captives go, Without them paying a price or bribe, Says the Lord of hosts.” |
him: i.e. Cyrus, as in [CB].
rebuild ← build. |
| Isa 45:14 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יְגִ֨יעַ מִצְרַ֥יִם וּֽסְחַר־כּוּשׁ֮ וּסְבָאִים֮ אַנְשֵׁ֣י מִדָּה֒ עָלַ֤יִךְ יַעֲבֹ֙רוּ֙ וְלָ֣ךְ יִֽהְי֔וּ אַחֲרַ֣יִךְ יֵלֵ֔כוּ בַּזִּקִּ֖ים יַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְאֵלַ֤יִךְ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ֙ אֵלַ֣יִךְ יִתְפַּלָּ֔לוּ אַ֣ךְ בָּ֥ךְ אֵ֛ל וְאֵ֥ין ע֖וֹד אֶ֥פֶס אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “The hard-earned wealth of Egypt And the merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabaeans – Men of tall stature – Will cross over to you and will be yours. They will walk behind you And cross over in fetters, And they will prostrate themselves to you And implore you, and say, ‘God is definitely among you, And there is no-one other than God.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
hard-earned wealth: the Hebrew word combines the concepts of toil and wealth. |
| Isa 45:15 | אָכֵ֕ן אַתָּ֖ה אֵ֣ל מִסְתַּתֵּ֑ר אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
Truly, you are a God who hides himself, O God of Israel, The saviour. |
|
| Isa 45:16 | בּ֥וֹשׁוּ וְגַֽם־נִכְלְמ֖וּ כֻּלָּ֑ם יַחְדָּו֙ הָלְכ֣וּ בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה חָרָשֵׁ֖י צִירִֽים׃ |
The fashioners of images will all be put to shame; They will walk in ignominy together. |
be put to shame: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Isa 45:17 | יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נוֹשַׁ֣ע בַּיהוָ֔ה תְּשׁוּעַ֖ת עוֹלָמִ֑ים לֹא־תֵבֹ֥שׁוּ וְלֹא־תִכָּלְמ֖וּ עַד־ע֥וֹלְמֵי עַֽד׃ פ |
But Israel will be saved by the Lord, With an age-abiding salvation. You will not be ashamed, Nor will you suffer ignominy Throughout the ages of all time. |
|
| Isa 45:18 | כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה בּוֹרֵ֨א הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים יֹצֵ֨ר הָאָ֤רֶץ וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ ה֣וּא כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ לֹא־תֹ֥הוּ בְרָאָ֖הּ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יְצָרָ֑הּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃ |
For this is what the Lord says, The creator of the heavens, Who is God, The fashioner of the earth And the maker of it, Who prepared it – He did not create it desolate; He formed it to be inhabited – : “I am the Lord, And there is no other. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 45:19 | לֹ֧א בַסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי בִּמְקוֹם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לֹ֥א אָמַ֛רְתִּי לְזֶ֥רַע יַעֲקֹ֖ב תֹּ֣הוּ בַקְּשׁ֑וּנִי אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דֹּבֵ֣ר צֶ֔דֶק מַגִּ֖יד מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
I have not spoken in secret, In a dark place of the earth; I have not said to the seed of Jacob, ‘Seek me in a desolate place.’ I, the Lord, speak righteousness, Stating things which are sound. |
|
| Isa 45:20 | הִקָּבְצ֥וּ וָבֹ֛אוּ הִֽתְנַגְּשׁ֥וּ יַחְדָּ֖ו פְּלִיטֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֑ם לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ הַנֹּֽשְׂאִים֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ץ פִּסְלָ֔ם וּמִתְפַּלְלִ֔ים אֶל־אֵ֖ל לֹ֥א יוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
Gather and come, approach together, You Gentile escapees. Those who set up their wooden idols Do not know, And they pray to a god Who cannot save. |
their wooden idols ← the wood of their idols. |
| Isa 45:21 | הַגִּ֣ידוּ וְהַגִּ֔ישׁוּ אַ֥ף יִֽוָּעֲצ֖וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו מִ֣י הִשְׁמִיעַ֩ זֹ֨את מִקֶּ֜דֶם מֵאָ֣ז הִגִּידָ֗הּ הֲל֨וֹא אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵֽין־ע֤וֹד אֱלֹהִים֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י אֵֽל־צַדִּ֣יק וּמוֹשִׁ֔יעַ אַ֖יִן זוּלָתִֽי׃ |
Report and bring them near; Let them even consult together. Who has announced this in advance – Reported it ever since ancient times? Is it not I, the Lord? And there is no other God apart from me, A just God and a saviour. There is none besides me. |
in advance ← formerly. |
| Isa 45:22 | פְּנוּ־אֵלַ֥י וְהִוָּשְׁע֖וּ כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י אֲנִי־אֵ֖ל וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃ |
Turn to me and be saved, All you ends of the earth, For I am God, And there is no other. |
|
| Isa 45:23 | בִּ֣י נִשְׁבַּ֔עְתִּי יָצָ֨א מִפִּ֧י צְדָקָ֛ה דָּבָ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יָשׁ֑וּב כִּי־לִי֙ תִּכְרַ֣ע כָּל־בֶּ֔רֶךְ תִּשָּׁבַ֖ע כָּל־לָשֽׁוֹן׃ |
I have sworn by myself – The utterance has gone out of my mouth righteously And will not be revoked – For every knee will bow to me, And every tongue will swear. |
Rom 14:11, Phil 2:10, Phil 2:11.
utterance ← word. be revoked ← return. |
| Isa 45:24 | אַ֧ךְ בַּיהוָ֛ה לִ֥י אָמַ֖ר צְדָק֣וֹת וָעֹ֑ז עָדָיו֙ יָב֣וֹא וְיֵבֹ֔שׁוּ כֹּ֖ל הַנֶּחֱרִ֥ים בּֽוֹ׃ |
A person will say, ‘Surely in the Lord I have righteous things and strength.’ To him he will come, But all who are angry with him Will be put to shame. |
put to shame ← ashamed, qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Isa 45:25 | בַּיהוָ֛ה יִצְדְּק֥וּ וְיִֽתְהַלְל֖וּ כָּל־זֶ֥רַע יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
It is by the action of the Lord That all the seed of Israel Will be justified and will glory. |
|
| Isa 46:1 | כָּרַ֥ע בֵּל֙ קֹרֵ֣ס נְב֔וֹ הָיוּ֙ עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם לַחַיָּ֖ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם עֲמוּס֔וֹת מַשָּׂ֖א לַעֲיֵפָֽה׃ |
Bel has collapsed, Nebo is buckling; They were their idols, Modelled on wild animals and cattle, Things you carried as burdens – A wearisome load. |
modelled on ← according to. AV differs (were upon).
things you carried ← your (things) carried. wearisome load ← a load to wearying. |
| Isa 46:2 | קָרְס֤וּ כָֽרְעוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ מַלֵּ֣ט מַשָּׂ֑א וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֥י הָלָֽכָה׃ ס |
They have buckled and collapsed together; They could not save the carried load, And they themselves have gone into captivity. |
themselves ← their soul. |
| Isa 46:3 | שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכָל־שְׁאֵרִ֖ית בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽעֲמֻסִים֙ מִנִּי־בֶ֔טֶן הַנְּשֻׂאִ֖ים מִנִּי־רָֽחַם׃ |
Hear me, house of Jacob, And all the remainder of the house of Israel, Who have been sustained from the time of the belly, Who have been nurtured since the womb. |
sustained ← lifted, borne, carried.
nurtured ← borne, carried. |
| Isa 46:4 | וְעַד־זִקְנָה֙ אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא וְעַד־שֵיבָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י אֶסְבֹּ֑ל אֲנִ֤י עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶשָּׂ֔א וַאֲנִ֥י אֶסְבֹּ֖ל וַאֲמַלֵּֽט׃ ס |
Up to your old age, I am he, And I will support you up to advanced years. I act and I nurture, And I support and deliver. |
support (2x) ← bear, carry.
advanced years ← grey hair. nurture ← bear, carry. |
| Isa 46:5 | לְמִ֥י תְדַמְי֖וּנִי וְתַשְׁו֑וּ וְתַמְשִׁל֖וּנִי וְנִדְמֶֽה׃ |
To whom will you compare me And make me equal? Or liken me, So that we may be similar? |
|
| Isa 46:6 | הַזָּלִ֤ים זָהָב֙ מִכִּ֔יס וְכֶ֖סֶף בַּקָּנֶ֣ה יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ יִשְׂכְּר֤וּ צוֹרֵף֙ וְיַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ אֵ֔ל יִסְגְּד֖וּ אַף־יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃ |
They shake out gold from a bag And weigh silver by the beam of a balance. They hire a metalworker, And he makes it into a god. Then they prostrate themselves, And indeed they worship. |
|
| Isa 46:7 | יִ֠שָּׂאֻהוּ עַל־כָּתֵ֨ף יִסְבְּלֻ֜הוּ וְיַנִּיחֻ֤הוּ תַחְתָּיו֙ וְיַֽעֲמֹ֔ד מִמְּקוֹמ֖וֹ לֹ֣א יָמִ֑ישׁ אַף־יִצְעַ֤ק אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲנֶ֔ה מִצָּרָת֖וֹ לֹ֥א יוֹשִׁיעֶֽנּוּ׃ ס |
They lift it up; They carry it on the shoulder And put it down in its place, And it stands there. It does not move away from its place. Moreover, if one cries out to it, It does not answer. It cannot save a person from his distress. |
in its place ← under itself.
a person ← him. |
| Isa 46:8 | זִכְרוּ־זֹ֖את וְהִתְאֹשָׁ֑שׁוּ הָשִׁ֥יבוּ פוֹשְׁעִ֖ים עַל־לֵֽב׃ |
Remember this And show yourselves men; Lay this, you transgressors, To heart again. |
|
| Isa 46:9 | זִכְר֥וּ רִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת מֵעוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֥י אֵל֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶ֥פֶס כָּמֽוֹנִי׃ |
Remember the former things of old, For I am God, And there is no other. I am God, And there is no-one like me, |
of old ← from an age. |
| Isa 46:10 | מַגִּ֤יד מֵֽרֵאשִׁית֙ אַחֲרִ֔ית וּמִקֶּ֖דֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־נַעֲשׂ֑וּ אֹמֵר֙ עֲצָתִ֣י תָק֔וּם וְכָל־חֶפְצִ֖י אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ |
Who tells from the start the final state, And from old time things which have not been done, Who says, ‘My counsel will stand firm, And I will carry out all of my will.’ |
|
| Isa 46:11 | קֹרֵ֤א מִמִּזְרָח֙ עַ֔יִט מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק אִ֣ישׁ *עצתו **עֲצָתִ֑י אַף־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ אַף־אֲבִיאֶ֔נָּה יָצַ֖רְתִּי אַף־אֶעֱשֶֽׂנָּה׃ ס |
I call a bird of prey from the east – The man on whom {Q: I have decided} [K: he has decided] – From a distant country. I have spoken, And I will bring it to pass; I have designed it, And I will also carry it out. |
The qeré / ketiv issue is a vav / yod issue. More literally, of my counsel / of his counsel respectively. |
| Isa 46:12 | שִׁמְע֥וּ אֵלַ֖י אַבִּ֣ירֵי לֵ֑ב הָרְחוֹקִ֖ים מִצְּדָקָֽה׃ |
Listen to me, You stout-hearted men, Who are far from righteousness. |
|
| Isa 46:13 | קֵרַ֤בְתִּי צִדְקָתִי֙ לֹ֣א תִרְחָ֔ק וּתְשׁוּעָתִ֖י לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר וְנָתַתִּ֤י בְצִיּוֹן֙ תְּשׁוּעָ֔ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תִּפְאַרְתִּֽי׃ ס |
I have brought my righteousness near; It is not far away, And my salvation will not be long coming. And I have appointed salvation in Zion for Israel my splendour. |
|
| Isa 47:1 | רְדִ֣י ׀ וּשְׁבִ֣י עַל־עָפָ֗ר בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־בָּבֶ֔ל שְׁבִי־לָאָ֥רֶץ אֵין־כִּסֵּ֖א בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ רַכָּ֖ה וַעֲנֻגָּֽה׃ |
Come down and sit on the dust, You virgin daughter of Babylon; Sit on the ground where there is no chair, You daughter of the Chaldeans, For you will no longer have them calling you Tender and delicate. |
|
| Isa 47:2 | קְחִ֥י רֵחַ֖יִם וְטַ֣חֲנִי קָ֑מַח גַּלִּ֨י צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ חֶשְׂפִּי־שֹׁ֛בֶל גַּלִּי־שׁ֖וֹק עִבְרִ֥י נְהָרֽוֹת׃ |
Take the millstones and grind flour, Uncover your veil, Lift the train of your robe, Uncover the calf of your leg; Cross the rivers. |
lift ← uncover; strip.
train: AV differs (locks). |
| Isa 47:3 | תִּגָּל֙ עֶרְוָתֵ֔ךְ גַּ֥ם תֵּרָאֶ֖ה חֶרְפָּתֵ֑ךְ נָקָ֣ם אֶקָּ֔ח וְלֹ֥א אֶפְגַּ֖ע אָדָֽם׃ ס |
Let your nakedness be revealed; Let also your ignominy be seen. I will take revenge; I will not regard a man with favour. |
|
| Isa 47:4 | גֹּאֲלֵ֕נוּ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמ֑וֹ קְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
As for our redeemer, His name is the Lord of hosts – The holy one of Israel. |
|
| Isa 47:5 | שְׁבִ֥י דוּמָ֛ם וּבֹ֥אִי בַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ בַּת־כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י לֹ֤א תוֹסִ֙יפִי֙ יִקְרְאוּ־לָ֔ךְ גְּבֶ֖רֶת מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃ |
Sit in silence and go into darkness, You daughter of the Chaldeans, For you will no longer have them calling you The Lady of Kingdoms. |
|
| Isa 47:6 | קָצַ֣פְתִּי עַל־עַמִּ֗י חִלַּ֙לְתִּי֙ נַחֲלָתִ֔י וָאֶתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדֵ֑ךְ לֹא־שַׂ֤מְתְּ לָהֶם֙ רַחֲמִ֔ים עַל־זָקֵ֕ן הִכְבַּ֥דְתְּ עֻלֵּ֖ךְ מְאֹֽד׃ |
I have been angry with my people; I have profaned my inheritance And delivered them into your hand. You did not show them mercy; You made your yoke on an old man Very heavy. |
show ← set. |
| Isa 47:7 | וַתֹּ֣אמְרִ֔י לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֶהְיֶ֣ה גְבָ֑רֶת עַ֣ד לֹא־שַׂ֥מְתְּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עַל־לִבֵּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א זָכַ֖רְתְּ אַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃ ס |
And you have said, ‘I will be the lady age-abidingly.’ But during all this time you have not laid these things to heart, Nor have you called her final state to mind. |
heart ← your heart. |
| Isa 47:8 | וְעַתָּ֞ה שִׁמְעִי־זֹ֤את עֲדִינָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָ֔בָהּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד לֹ֤א אֵשֵׁב֙ אַלְמָנָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אֵדַ֖ע שְׁכֽוֹל׃ |
And now, hear this, you delicate one, Who sits in security, Who says in her heart, ‘I am the one, And there is no-one besides me. I shall not sit as a widow, And I shall not know bereavement of children.’ |
Rev 18:7.
sits ... says ... her: taking who as third person, despite the second person hear, because of the third person her. Discordance is permissible in Hebrew. Compare the verse with Zeph 2:15. |
| Isa 47:9 | וְתָבֹאנָה֩ לָּ֨ךְ שְׁתֵּי־אֵ֥לֶּה רֶ֛גַע בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד שְׁכ֣וֹל וְאַלְמֹ֑ן כְּתֻמָּם֙ בָּ֣אוּ עָלַ֔יִךְ בְּרֹ֣ב כְּשָׁפַ֔יִךְ בְּעָצְמַ֥ת חֲבָרַ֖יִךְ מְאֹֽד׃ |
But these two things will come over you, In a moment, on one day, Bereavement of children, and widowhood. In their entirety they will come over you, For the abundance of your sorceries, For the great profusion of your incantations. |
profusion ← strength. |
| Isa 47:10 | וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י בְרָעָתֵ֗ךְ אָמַרְתְּ֙ אֵ֣ין רֹאָ֔נִי חָכְמָתֵ֥ךְ וְדַעְתֵּ֖ךְ הִ֣יא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֣י בְלִבֵּ֔ךְ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֥י עֽוֹד׃ |
And you trusted in your wickedness; You said, ‘There is no-one who can see me.’ It is your wisdom and your knowledge which have turned you away, And you say in your heart, ‘I am the one, And there is no-one besides me.’ |
|
| Isa 47:11 | וּבָ֧א עָלַ֣יִךְ רָעָ֗ה לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ שַׁחְרָ֔הּ וְתִפֹּ֤ל עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ הֹוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תוּכְלִ֖י כַּפְּרָ֑הּ וְתָבֹ֨א עָלַ֧יִךְ פִּתְאֹ֛ם שׁוֹאָ֖ה לֹ֥א תֵדָֽעִי׃ |
And evil will come over you, And you will not know its origin, And calamity will befall you, Which you will not be able to avert, And destruction will come over you suddenly, When you are unaware. |
origin ← dawn.
avert ← expiate. |
| Isa 47:12 | עִמְדִי־נָ֤א בַחֲבָרַ֙יִךְ֙ וּבְרֹ֣ב כְּשָׁפַ֔יִךְ בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגַ֖עַתְּ מִנְּעוּרָ֑יִךְ אוּלַ֛י תּוּכְלִ֥י הוֹעִ֖יל אוּלַ֥י תַּעֲרֽוֹצִי׃ |
Stand firm in your incantations, then, And in the profusion of your sorceries, With which you have exhausted yourself from your youth. Maybe you can benefit; Maybe you will instil fear. |
The verse is ironic. |
| Isa 47:13 | נִלְאֵ֖ית בְּרֹ֣ב עֲצָתָ֑יִךְ יַעַמְדוּ־נָ֨א וְיוֹשִׁיעֻ֜ךְ *הברו **הֹבְרֵ֣י שָׁמַ֗יִם הַֽחֹזִים֙ בַּכּ֣וֹכָבִ֔ים מֽוֹדִיעִם֙ לֶחֳדָשִׁ֔ים מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָבֹ֖אוּ עָלָֽיִךְ׃ |
You weary yourself with the large number of your consultations. So let the astrologers who foresee by the stars And make things known by new moons Stand up and save you From what will come over you. |
astrologers ← dividers of heaven. The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, but the meanings are essentially the same.
consultations ← counsels. |
| Isa 47:14 | הִנֵּ֨ה הָי֤וּ כְקַשׁ֙ אֵ֣שׁ שְׂרָפָ֔תַם לֹֽא־יַצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־נַפְשָׁ֖ם מִיַּ֣ד לֶֽהָבָ֑ה אֵין־גַּחֶ֣לֶת לַחְמָ֔ם א֖וּר לָשֶׁ֥בֶת נֶגְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Look, they are like stubble; Fire will burn them up. They cannot save themselves From the reach of the flame. It will not be burning coals to warm oneself, Or a fire to sit around. |
to warm: pointed as their bread, suggesting not (as) embers (for baking) of their bread, but [AnLx], [BDB] take the form as a variant qal infinitive of חָמַם, to warm.
themselves ← their souls. reach ← hand. around ← opposite it. The last sentence in the verse is the figure of speech understatement. |
| Isa 47:15 | כֵּ֥ן הָיוּ־לָ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָגָ֑עַתְּ סֹחֲרַ֣יִךְ מִנְּעוּרַ֗יִךְ אִ֤ישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ֙ תָּע֔וּ אֵ֖ין מוֹשִׁיעֵֽךְ׃ ס |
This is what will become Of what you have wearied yourself with. Those merchants of yours from your youth Have each gone astray in his own direction. You do not have a saviour. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 48:1 | שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֣את בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַנִּקְרָאִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִמֵּ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יָצָ֑אוּ הַֽנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים ׀ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וּבֵאלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א בֶאֱמֶ֖ת וְלֹ֥א בִצְדָקָֽה׃ |
Hear this, house of Jacob, Who are called by the name of Israel, And who came out of the waters of Judah, Who swear by the name of the Lord, And who make mention of the God of Israel, But not in truth And not in righteousness. |
|
| Isa 48:2 | כִּֽי־מֵעִ֤יר הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ נִקְרָ֔אוּ וְעַל־אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִסְמָ֑כוּ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
For they are called a people from the holy city, Who trust in the God of Israel – The Lord of hosts is his name. |
holy city ← city of holiness.
trust in ← lean on. |
| Isa 48:3 | הָרִֽאשֹׁנוֹת֙ מֵאָ֣ז הִגַּ֔דְתִּי וּמִפִּ֥י יָצְא֖וּ וְאַשְׁמִיעֵ֑ם פִּתְאֹ֥ם עָשִׂ֖יתִי וַתָּבֹֽאנָה׃ |
I have foretold the first things, And they proceeded from my mouth, And I proclaimed them. Then suddenly I perform them, And they come to pass, |
foretold ← told from then. |
| Isa 48:4 | מִדַּעְתִּ֕י כִּ֥י קָשֶׁ֖ה אָ֑תָּה וְגִ֤יד בַּרְזֶל֙ עָרְפֶּ֔ךָ וּמִצְחֲךָ֖ נְחוּשָֽׁה׃ |
Because I know that you are stubborn, And that your neck has an iron sinew, And that you have a brazen forehead. |
I know ← from my knowledge.
iron sinew ← sinew of iron, a Hebraic genitive. you have a brazen forehead ← your forehead (is) copper. |
| Isa 48:5 | וָאַגִּ֤יד לְךָ֙ מֵאָ֔ז בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ פֶּן־תֹּאמַר֙ עָצְבִּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ם וּפִסְלִ֥י וְנִסְכִּ֖י צִוָּֽם׃ |
And I have told you beforehand – Before it came about, I proclaimed it to you – So that you cannot say, ‘My idol performed those things’, Or, ‘My carved image and my cast figure commanded them.’ |
|
| Isa 48:6 | שָׁמַ֤עְתָּֽ חֲזֵה֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְאַתֶּ֖ם הֲל֣וֹא תַגִּ֑ידוּ הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֤יךָ חֲדָשׁוֹת֙ מֵעַ֔תָּה וּנְצֻר֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽם׃ |
You have heard, ‘Look at all this.’ And will you not announce it? I have proclaimed to you new things, recently, And secret things Which you have not known. |
you ... you ... you ... you: singular ... plural ... singular ... plural.
recently ← from now. |
| Isa 48:7 | עַתָּ֤ה נִבְרְאוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מֵאָ֔ז וְלִפְנֵי־י֖וֹם וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתָּ֑ם פֶּן־תֹּאמַ֖ר הִנֵּ֥ה יְדַעְתִּֽין׃ |
They are being created now – And not in the past, Before the day, Before you had heard – So that you cannot say, ‘Look, I knew these things.’ |
in the past ← from then.
before you had heard ← and you had not heard. I knew these things: with an Aramaic suffix. |
| Isa 48:8 | גַּ֣ם לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ גַּ֚ם לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתָּ גַּ֕ם מֵאָ֖ז לֹא־פִתְּחָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ בָּג֣וֹד תִּבְגּ֔וֹד וּפֹשֵׁ֥עַ מִבֶּ֖טֶן קֹ֥רָא לָֽךְ׃ |
You neither heard it nor knew it, Nor has your ear been open since then, For I knew that you would take to dealing treacherously. So you have been called A transgressor from the womb. |
dealing treacherously: an infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 48:9 | לְמַ֤עַן שְׁמִי֙ אַאֲרִ֣יךְ אַפִּ֔י וּתְהִלָּתִ֖י אֶחֱטָם־לָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הַכְרִיתֶֽךָ׃ |
For the sake of my name I will defer my anger, And for my praiseworthiness I will restrain myself from you, So as not to cut you off. |
defer: the word also means prolong.
restrain ← muzzle. |
| Isa 48:10 | הִנֵּ֥ה צְרַפְתִּ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א בְכָ֑סֶף בְּחַרְתִּ֖יךָ בְּכ֥וּר עֹֽנִי׃ |
Behold, I have refined you, But not for money; I have chosen you In the furnace of affliction. |
chosen you: or tested, assayed. |
| Isa 48:11 | לְמַעֲנִ֧י לְמַעֲנִ֛י אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה כִּ֣י אֵ֣יךְ יֵחָ֑ל וּכְבוֹדִ֖י לְאַחֵ֥ר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּֽן׃ ס |
It is for my sake, it is for my sake, That I will act, For how could that be profaned? And I shall not give my glory to another. |
|
| Isa 48:12 | שְׁמַ֤ע אֵלַי֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְקֹרָאִ֑י אֲנִי־הוּא֙ אֲנִ֣י רִאשׁ֔וֹן אַ֖ף אֲנִ֥י אַחֲרֽוֹן׃ |
Hear me, Jacob, And Israel, my called out people: I am he. I am the first; I am also the last. |
Rev 22:13. |
| Isa 48:13 | אַף־יָדִי֙ יָ֣סְדָה אֶ֔רֶץ וִֽימִינִ֖י טִפְּחָ֣ה שָׁמָ֑יִם קֹרֵ֥א אֲנִ֛י אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יַעַמְד֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
Indeed, my hand founded the earth, And my right hand spread the heavens out. I call out to them, And they take up position together. |
take up position ← stand. |
| Isa 48:14 | הִקָּבְצ֤וּ כֻלְּכֶם֙ וּֽשֲׁמָ֔עוּ מִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם הִגִּ֣יד אֶת־אֵ֑לֶּה יְהוָ֣ה אֲהֵב֔וֹ יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה חֶפְצוֹ֙ בְּבָבֶ֔ל וּזְרֹע֖וֹ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ |
Gather together, all of you, and hear. Who among them has told of these things? The Lord loved him; He will do his will in Babylon, With his arm among the Chaldeans. |
he will do his will: i.e., we suggest, Cyrus will do the Lord's will. Cyrus was a messiah (Isa 45:1), a precursor to Christ. |
| Isa 48:15 | אֲנִ֥י אֲנִ֛י דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אַף־קְרָאתִ֑יו הֲבִיאֹתִ֖יו וְהִצְלִ֥יחַ דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
I, I have spoken, And I have called him too; I have brought him onto the scene, And he will make his way prosperous. |
|
| Isa 48:16 | קִרְב֧וּ אֵלַ֣י שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֗את לֹ֤א מֵרֹאשׁ֙ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי מֵעֵ֥ת הֱיוֹתָ֖הּ שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה שְׁלָחַ֖נִי וְרוּחֽוֹ׃ פ |
Come close to me and hear this: From the start I have not spoken in secret. From the start of time There I have been.” And now my Lord the Lord has sent me, With his spirit. |
AV differs in punctuation (I have not spoken in secret from the beginning).
from the start of time ← from time, its being. with ← and. |
| Isa 48:17 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה גֹּאַלְךָ֖ קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲנִ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ מְלַמֶּדְךָ֣ לְהוֹעִ֔יל מַדְרִֽיכֲךָ֖ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ |
This is what the Lord, your redeemer, The holy one of Israel, says: “I am the Lord your God, Your teacher in how to be benefited, Your guide in the way you should go. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 48:18 | ל֥וּא הִקְשַׁ֖בְתָּ לְמִצְוֺתָ֑י וַיְהִ֤י כַנָּהָר֙ שְׁלוֹמֶ֔ךָ וְצִדְקָתְךָ֖ כְּגַלֵּ֥י הַיָּֽם׃ |
If only you had heeded my commandments! Then your peace would have been like a river, And your righteousness like the waves of the sea. |
|
| Isa 48:19 | וַיְהִ֤י כַחוֹל֙ זַרְעֶ֔ךָ וְצֶאֱצָאֵ֥י מֵעֶ֖יךָ כִּמְעֹתָ֑יו לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת וְֽלֹא־יִשָּׁמֵ֛ד שְׁמ֖וֹ מִלְּפָנָֽי׃ |
And your seed would have been like sand, And the offspring of your loins like fine gravel. Their name will not be cut off, And they will not be destroyed before me. |
would have been: i.e. would already have been; the promise of Gen 13:16 is unconditional, but its timing is open-ended.
fine gravel ← its fine gravel. their name ← its name, referring to offspring. |
| Isa 48:20 | צְא֣וּ מִבָּבֶל֮ בִּרְח֣וּ מִכַּשְׂדִּים֒ בְּק֣וֹל רִנָּ֗ה הַגִּ֤ידוּ הַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ זֹ֔את הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ אִמְר֕וּ גָּאַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה עַבְדּ֥וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
Go out of Babylon; Flee from the Chaldeans with a jubilant voice. Announce this, proclaim this, Utter it as far as the end of the earth. Say, ‘The Lord has redeemed his servant Jacob.’ |
Rev 18:4.
jubilant voice ← voice of jubilation, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 48:21 | וְלֹ֣א צָמְא֗וּ בָּחֳרָבוֹת֙ הֽוֹלִיכָ֔ם מַ֥יִם מִצּ֖וּר הִזִּ֣יל לָ֑מוֹ וַיִּ֨בְקַע־צ֔וּר וַיָּזֻ֖בוּ מָֽיִם׃ |
They did not thirst When he led them in desolate places; He made water gush from a rock for them When he split the rock And the water flowed. |
when: from the initial vav. |
| Isa 48:22 | אֵ֣ין שָׁל֔וֹם אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לָרְשָׁעִֽים׃ ס |
There is no peace, Says the Lord, For the wicked.” |
|
| Isa 49:1 | שִׁמְע֤וּ אִיִּים֙ אֵלַ֔י וְהַקְשִׁ֥יבוּ לְאֻמִּ֖ים מֵרָח֑וֹק יְהוָה֙ מִבֶּ֣טֶן קְרָאָ֔נִי מִמְּעֵ֥י אִמִּ֖י הִזְכִּ֥יר שְׁמִֽי׃ |
“Hear me, you coastlands, And listen, you distant peoples. The Lord has called me from the womb; From my mother's belly He had made mention of my name. |
coastlands: or islands.
belly ← bowels, but also belly, womb (and, more figuratively, mind). |
| Isa 49:2 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם פִּי֙ כְּחֶ֣רֶב חַדָּ֔ה בְּצֵ֥ל יָד֖וֹ הֶחְבִּיאָ֑נִי וַיְשִׂימֵ֙נִי֙ לְחֵ֣ץ בָּר֔וּר בְּאַשְׁפָּת֖וֹ הִסְתִּירָֽנִי׃ |
And he has made my mouth like a sharp sword; He has hidden me in the shadow of his hand, He has made me as a perfected arrow, And he has hidden me in his quiver. |
Rev 1:16, Rev 2:16, Rev 19:15. |
| Isa 49:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖י עַבְדִּי־אָ֑תָּה יִשְׂרָאֵ֕ל אֲשֶׁר־בְּךָ֖ אֶתְפָּאָֽר׃ |
And he said to me, ‘You are my servant – Israel, in whom I will be glorified.’ |
|
| Isa 49:4 | וַאֲנִ֤י אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ לְרִ֣יק יָגַ֔עְתִּי לְתֹ֥הוּ וְהֶ֖בֶל כֹּחִ֣י כִלֵּ֑יתִי אָכֵן֙ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וּפְעֻלָּתִ֖י אֶת־אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
But I said, ‘I have toiled in vain, I have expended my energy on a wasteful thing, And a futile matter, Yet my vindication is with the Lord, And my recompense Is with my God.’ ” |
wasteful: or desolate.
vindication ← justice, but see [BDB] № 1f, which includes execution of judgment in favour. |
| Isa 49:5 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יֹצְרִ֤י מִבֶּ֙טֶן֙ לְעֶ֣בֶד ל֔וֹ לְשׁוֹבֵ֤ב יַֽעֲקֹב֙ אֵלָ֔יו וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל *לא **ל֣וֹ יֵאָסֵ֑ף וְאֶכָּבֵד֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וֵאלֹהַ֖י הָיָ֥ה עֻזִּֽי׃ |
And now, says the Lord, Who formed me from the womb To be his servant, To bring Jacob back to him, {Q: So that Israel shall be gathered to him} [K: Though Israel shall not be gathered], I will be glorified in the eyes of the Lord, And my God will be my strength. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8. AV differs, taking the ketiv here. |
| Isa 49:6 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָקֵ֨ל מִֽהְיוֹתְךָ֥ לִי֙ עֶ֔בֶד לְהָקִים֙ אֶת־שִׁבְטֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב *ונצירי **וּנְצוּרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהָשִׁ֑יב וּנְתַתִּ֙יךָ֙ לְא֣וֹר גּוֹיִ֔ם לִֽהְי֥וֹת יְשׁוּעָתִ֖י עַד־קְצֵ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס |
And he said, “Is it a trivial matter to be my servant, To establish the tribes of Jacob, And to restore those preserved of Israel? And I will make you a light of the Gentiles To be my salvation As far as the end of the earth.” |
preserved: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Luke 2:32, Acts 13:47. |
| Isa 49:7 | כֹּ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָה֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל קְדוֹשׁ֗וֹ לִבְזֹה־נֶ֜פֶשׁ לִמְתָ֤עֵֽב גּוֹי֙ לְעֶ֣בֶד מֹשְׁלִ֔ים מְלָכִים֙ יִרְא֣וּ וָקָ֔מוּ שָׂרִ֖ים וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֑וּ לְמַ֤עַן יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶאֱמָ֔ן קְדֹ֥שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיִּבְחָרֶֽךָּ׃ |
This is what the Lord, Israel's redeemer, Their holy one, says: “Kings will see and arise, And princes, And these will prostrate themselves To him who was considered despicable, To a nation regarded as an abomination, To one subservient to rulers, This being for the sake of the Lord, Who is faithful – The holy one of Israel – Who has chosen you.” |
AV differs considerably in word association, with to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers outside direct speech.
this is what ← thus. despicable ← despised of soul. to a nation regarded as an abomination ← to abhorring of a nation. |
| Isa 49:8 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה בְּעֵ֤ת רָצוֹן֙ עֲנִיתִ֔יךָ וּבְי֥וֹם יְשׁוּעָ֖ה עֲזַרְתִּ֑יךָ וְאֶצָּרְךָ֗ וְאֶתֶּנְךָ֙ לִבְרִ֣ית עָ֔ם לְהָקִ֣ים אֶ֔רֶץ לְהַנְחִ֖יל נְחָל֥וֹת שֹׁמֵמֽוֹת׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “At an acceptable time, I answered you, And on the day of salvation, I helped you, And I will preserve you and make you a covenant people, To establish the earth, By giving desolate places an inheritance, |
2 Cor 6:2.
this is what ← thus. a covenant people ← a covenant of people. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Isa 42:6, Dan 11:20. by giving ← by legating. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 49:9 | לֵאמֹ֤ר לַֽאֲסוּרִים֙ צֵ֔אוּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּחֹ֖שֶׁךְ הִגָּל֑וּ עַל־דְּרָכִ֣ים יִרְע֔וּ וּבְכָל־שְׁפָיִ֖ים מַרְעִיתָֽם׃ |
As you say to prisoners, ‘Come out’; To those in darkness, ‘Come into the open.’ They will feed along the ways, And their pasture will be in all high places. |
come into the open ← be revealed. |
| Isa 49:10 | לֹ֤א יִרְעָ֙בוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִצְמָ֔אוּ וְלֹא־יַכֵּ֥ם שָׁרָ֖ב וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּי־מְרַחֲמָ֣ם יְנַהֲגֵ֔ם וְעַל־מַבּ֥וּעֵי מַ֖יִם יְנַהֲלֵֽם׃ |
They will not hunger, and they will not thirst, And neither a dry heat wave nor the sun will harm them, For as he has mercy on them, He will guide them, And he will lead them to springs of water. |
Rev 7:16, Rev 7:17.
harm ← strike. |
| Isa 49:11 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י כָל־הָרַ֖י לַדָּ֑רֶךְ וּמְסִלֹּתַ֖י יְרֻמֽוּן׃ |
And I will turn all my mountains into a road, And my highways will be raised up. |
a road ← the road. Perhaps a reference to the way; compare Isa 35:8, Acts 9:2.
will be raised up: qal for passive of hiphil. Compare 1 Sam 2:1. |
| Isa 49:12 | הִנֵּה־אֵ֕לֶּה מֵרָח֖וֹק יָבֹ֑אוּ וְהִֽנֵּה־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִצָּפ֣וֹן וּמִיָּ֔ם וְאֵ֖לֶּה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ סִינִֽים׃ |
Behold, these things will come from far away, And you will see some coming from the north, And from the west, And some from the land of China.” |
you will see ← behold.
China: supported by [Ges-HCL] (amongst other possibilities). |
| Isa 49:13 | רָנּ֤וּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְגִ֣ילִי אָ֔רֶץ *יפצחו **וּפִצְח֥וּ הָרִ֖ים רִנָּ֑ה כִּֽי־נִחַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ וַעֲנִיָּ֖ו יְרַחֵֽם׃ ס |
Be jubilant, O heavens, And rejoice, O earth. {Q: And break out into jubilation, O mountains,} [K: Let the mountains break out into jubilation,] For the Lord has comforted his people, And has mercy on his needy. |
Rev 12:12. |
| Isa 49:14 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר צִיּ֖וֹן עֲזָבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה וַאדֹנָ֖י שְׁכֵחָֽנִי׃ |
Yet Zion said, “The Lord has deserted me, And the Lord* has forgotten me.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 49:15 | הֲתִשְׁכַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ עוּלָ֔הּ מֵרַחֵ֖ם בֶּן־בִּטְנָ֑הּ גַּם־אֵ֣לֶּה תִשְׁכַּ֔חְנָה וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א אֶשְׁכָּחֵֽךְ׃ |
“Can a woman forget her breastfeeding child, So as not to have compassion on her son from her own womb? Even if these women were to forget, Yet I will not forget you. |
The Lord is speaking here. |
| Isa 49:16 | הֵ֥ן עַל־כַּפַּ֖יִם חַקֹּתִ֑יךְ חוֹמֹתַ֥יִךְ נֶגְדִּ֖י תָּמִֽיד׃ |
Behold, I have engraved you on the palms of my hands; Your walls are always before me. |
|
| Isa 49:17 | מִֽהֲר֖וּ בָּנָ֑יִךְ מְהָֽרְסַ֥יִךְ וּמַחֲרִבַ֖יִךְ מִמֵּ֥ךְ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃ |
Your sons have been hasty, But those who demolished you and laid you waste Will depart from you. |
|
| Isa 49:18 | שְׂאִֽי־סָבִ֤יב עֵינַ֙יִךְ֙ וּרְאִ֔י כֻּלָּ֖ם נִקְבְּצ֣וּ בָֽאוּ־לָ֑ךְ חַי־אָ֣נִי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כָּעֲדִ֣י תִלְבָּ֔שִׁי וּֽתְקַשְּׁרִ֖ים כַּכַּלָּֽה׃ |
Lift up your eyes round about, and see: All of them have gathered and come to you. As I live, says the Lord, You will surely clothe yourself with them all like an ornament, And bind them onto yourself, Adorning yourself like a bride. |
|
| Isa 49:19 | כִּ֤י חָרְבֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ וְשֹׁ֣מְמֹתַ֔יִךְ וְאֶ֖רֶץ הֲרִֽסֻתֵ֑יךְ כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ תֵּצְרִ֣י מִיּוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְרָחֲק֖וּ מְבַלְּעָֽיִךְ׃ |
For your wastelands and your desolate places, And your devastated land Are such that now you are too hard pressed for anyone to inhabit you, But those who are swallowing you up Will be removed. |
you are too hard pressed: AV differs ([the land] ... shall even now be too narrow), reading the verb as third person. |
| Isa 49:20 | ע֚וֹד יֹאמְר֣וּ בְאָזְנַ֔יִךְ בְּנֵ֖י שִׁכֻּלָ֑יִךְ צַר־לִ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם גְּשָׁה־לִּ֥י וְאֵשֵֽׁבָה׃ |
Your sons who have been bereaved of children Will yet have a word to say in your ear, ‘The place is too hostile to me.’ ‘Come near to me, So that I can live there.’ |
ear ← ears.
hostile ← strait. come near to: [BDB] interprets as move away from. We take it as an entreaty to the Lord, that Zion may be made pleasant. |
| Isa 49:21 | וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ מִ֤י יָֽלַד־לִי֙ אֶת־אֵ֔לֶּה וַאֲנִ֥י שְׁכוּלָ֖ה וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה גֹּלָ֣ה ׀ וְסוּרָ֗ה וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִ֣י גִדֵּ֔ל הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה אֵיפֹ֥ה הֵֽם׃ פ |
Then you will say in your heart, ‘Who bore me these, As I have been bereaved and am barren, Captive and deported? So who brought these up? Look, I have remained on my own. As for these, Where are they from?’ ” |
|
| Isa 49:22 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אֶשָּׂ֤א אֶל־גּוֹיִם֙ יָדִ֔י וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖ים אָרִ֣ים נִסִּ֑י וְהֵבִ֤יאוּ בָנַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּחֹ֔צֶן וּבְנֹתַ֖יִךְ עַל־כָּתֵ֥ף תִּנָּשֶֽׂאנָה׃ |
This is what my Lord the Lord says: “Behold I will raise my hand to the Gentiles, And I will raise my banner to the nations, And they will bring your sons in their bosom, And your daughters will be carried on their shoulders. |
this is what ← thus.
raise my hand to: i.e. call. shoulders ← shoulder. |
| Isa 49:23 | וְהָי֨וּ מְלָכִ֜ים אֹֽמְנַ֗יִךְ וְשָׂרֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ מֵינִ֣יקֹתַ֔יִךְ אַפַּ֗יִם אֶ֚רֶץ יִשְׁתַּ֣חֲווּ לָ֔ךְ וַעֲפַ֥ר רַגְלַ֖יִךְ יְלַחֵ֑כוּ וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ קוָֹֽי׃ ס |
And kings will be your foster fathers, And their princesses will be your nurses. They will prostrate themselves to you with the face to the ground, And they will lick the dust of your feet, And you will know that I am the Lord, And that those who await me Will not be put to shame.” |
be put to shame: see Isa 44:11. |
| Isa 49:24 | הֲיֻקַּ֥ח מִגִּבּ֖וֹר מַלְק֑וֹחַ וְאִם־שְׁבִ֥י צַדִּ֖יק יִמָּלֵֽט׃ |
Can spoil be taken from a warrior? Or can a righteous captive be delivered? |
righteous: a Qumran scroll reads (captive of a) עָרִיץ, fierce one, tyrant, aligning this verse with the next; the Vulgate reads powerful, the Syriac giant, LXX unrighteously. |
| Isa 49:25 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה גַּם־שְׁבִ֤י גִבּוֹר֙ יֻקָּ֔ח וּמַלְק֥וֹחַ עָרִ֖יץ יִמָּלֵ֑ט וְאֶת־יְרִיבֵךְ֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָרִ֔יב וְאֶת־בָּנַ֖יִךְ אָנֹכִ֥י אוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
But this is what the Lord says: “Even the warrior's captive will be taken back, And the spoil of the fierce will be recovered. And I will contend with him who contends with you, And I will save your sons. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 49:26 | וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֤י אֶת־מוֹנַ֙יִךְ֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְכֶעָסִ֖יס דָּמָ֣ם יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן וְיָדְע֣וּ כָל־בָּשָׂ֗ר כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ מֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֔ךְ וְגֹאֲלֵ֖ךְ אֲבִ֥יר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ ס |
And I will feed those who dispossess you with their own flesh, And they will become drunk with their own blood, As with new wine, And all flesh will know That I am the Lord, Your saviour and your redeemer – The mighty one of Jacob.” |
|
| Isa 50:1 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣י זֶ֠ה סֵ֣פֶר כְּרִית֤וּת אִמְּכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁלַּחְתִּ֔יהָ א֚וֹ מִ֣י מִנּוֹשַׁ֔י אֲשֶׁר־מָכַ֥רְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם ל֑וֹ הֵ֤ן בַּעֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֔ם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖ם שֻׁלְּחָ֥ה אִמְּכֶֽם׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Where is the bill of divorce of your mother, Whom I have sent away? Or who of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Look, it is for your iniquities that you were sold, And for your transgressions That your mother was sent away. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 50:2 | מַדּ֨וּעַ בָּ֜אתִי וְאֵ֣ין אִ֗ישׁ קָרָֽאתִי֮ וְאֵ֣ין עוֹנֶה֒ הֲקָצ֨וֹר קָצְרָ֤ה יָדִי֙ מִפְּד֔וּת וְאִם־אֵֽין־בִּ֥י כֹ֖חַ לְהַצִּ֑יל הֵ֣ן בְּגַעֲרָתִ֞י אַחֲרִ֣יב יָ֗ם אָשִׂ֤ים נְהָרוֹת֙ מִדְבָּ֔ר תִּבְאַ֤שׁ דְּגָתָם֙ מֵאֵ֣ין מַ֔יִם וְתָמֹ֖ת בַּצָּמָֽא׃ |
Why is it that when I came, There was not a single man? That when I called, There was no-one who answered? Am I really incapable of redeeming? Or do I not have the power to save? Look, at my rebuke I dry up the sea; I make rivers a desert, And their fish stink for lack of water And die of thirst. |
am I really incapable ← is my hand really too short, with an infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 50:3 | אַלְבִּ֥ישׁ שָׁמַ֖יִם קַדְר֑וּת וְשַׂ֖ק אָשִׂ֥ים כְּסוּתָֽם׃ ס |
I can clothe the heavens in obscurity And make sackcloth their covering.” |
|
| Isa 50:4 | אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה נָ֤תַן לִי֙ לְשׁ֣וֹן לִמּוּדִ֔ים לָדַ֛עַת לָע֥וּת אֶת־יָעֵ֖ף דָּבָ֑ר יָעִ֣יר ׀ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר יָעִ֥יר לִי֙ אֹ֔זֶן לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ כַּלִּמּוּדִֽים׃ |
“My Lord the Lord has given me a learned tongue, To know how to help the weary with a word. He awakens me from morning to morning; He awakens my ear To hear like the learned. |
This verse and to the end of the chapter is spoken by the Messiah.
learned tongue ← tongue of taught (things), a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 50:5 | אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ פָּתַֽח־לִ֣י אֹ֔זֶן וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֣א מָרִ֑יתִי אָח֖וֹר לֹ֥א נְסוּגֹֽתִי׃ |
My Lord the Lord has opened my ear, And I have not rebelled; I have not slid back. |
|
| Isa 50:6 | גֵּוִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְמַכִּ֔ים וּלְחָיַ֖י לְמֹֽרְטִ֑ים פָּנַי֙ לֹ֣א הִסְתַּ֔רְתִּי מִכְּלִמּ֖וֹת וָרֹֽק׃ |
I have given my back to those who beat it, And my cheeks to those who pluck the beard; I have not hidden my face from ignominious treatment And spittle. |
ignominious treatment ← ignominies. |
| Isa 50:7 | וַאדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ יַֽעֲזָר־לִ֔י עַל־כֵּ֖ן לֹ֣א נִכְלָ֑מְתִּי עַל־כֵּ֞ן שַׂ֤מְתִּי פָנַי֙ כַּֽחַלָּמִ֔ישׁ וָאֵדַ֖ע כִּי־לֹ֥א אֵבֽוֹשׁ׃ |
And my Lord the Lord will help me, Which is why I will not be held in contempt, And why I have been resolute like flint, And I know that I shall not be ashamed. |
I have been resolute ← set my face. Compare Luke 9:51. |
| Isa 50:8 | קָרוֹב֙ מַצְדִּיקִ֔י מִֽי־יָרִ֥יב אִתִּ֖י נַ֣עַמְדָה יָּ֑חַד מִֽי־בַ֥עַל מִשְׁפָּטִ֖י יִגַּ֥שׁ אֵלָֽי׃ |
My justifier is near; Who will contend with me? Let us stand together. Who is my prosecutor? Let him approach me. |
prosecutor ← owner of my legal case, i.e. of the case against me. |
| Isa 50:9 | הֵ֣ן אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ יַֽעֲזָר־לִ֔י מִי־ה֖וּא יַרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִי הֵ֤ן כֻּלָּם֙ כַּבֶּ֣גֶד יִבְל֔וּ עָ֖שׁ יֹאכְלֵֽם׃ |
Behold, my Lord the Lord will help me. Who is it who can condemn me? You will see that they will all become worn out like a garment; A moth will consume them. |
you will see that ← behold. |
| Isa 50:10 | מִ֤י בָכֶם֙ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁמֵ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל עַבְדּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ הָלַ֣ךְ חֲשֵׁכִ֗ים וְאֵ֥ין נֹ֙גַהּ֙ ל֔וֹ יִבְטַח֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וְיִשָּׁעֵ֖ן בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃ |
Who among you fears the Lord, In obeying his servant, Who walks in darkness and has no light? Let him trust in the name of the Lord And rely on his God. |
fears ← is a fearer of.
obeying ← hearing the voice of. light ← shining. rely ← lean. |
| Isa 50:11 | הֵ֧ן כֻּלְּכֶ֛ם קֹ֥דְחֵי אֵ֖שׁ מְאַזְּרֵ֣י זִיק֑וֹת לְכ֣וּ ׀ בְּא֣וּר אֶשְׁכֶ֗ם וּבְזִיקוֹת֙ בִּֽעַרְתֶּ֔ם מִיָּדִי֙ הָיְתָה־זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֔ם לְמַעֲצֵבָ֖ה תִּשְׁכָּבֽוּן׃ פ |
Behold, all of you who kindle a fire, Who arm yourselves with fiery darts, Go into the glow of your fire, And into the fiery darts you have ignited. This came from my hand to you; You will lie down in sorrow.” |
arm ← gird. |
| Isa 51:1 | שִׁמְע֥וּ אֵלַ֛י רֹ֥דְפֵי צֶ֖דֶק מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הַבִּ֙יטוּ֙ אֶל־צ֣וּר חֻצַּבְתֶּ֔ם וְאֶל־מַקֶּ֥בֶת בּ֖וֹר נֻקַּרְתֶּֽם׃ |
“Listen to me, You who pursue justice, You who seek the Lord. Look at the rock from which you have been hewn, And at the hollow of the pit From which you have been quarried. |
rock ... hollow: explained in the next verse.
hollow: or shaft, as of a mine. |
| Isa 51:2 | הַבִּ֙יטוּ֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֣ם אֲבִיכֶ֔ם וְאֶל־שָׂרָ֖ה תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶ֑ם כִּי־אֶחָ֣ד קְרָאתִ֔יו וַאֲבָרְכֵ֖הוּ וְאַרְבֵּֽהוּ׃ ס |
Look at Abraham your father, And Sarah who gave birth to you, For I called him as the only one, And I will bless him and multiply him. |
multiply him: i.e. multiply his descendants. |
| Isa 51:3 | כִּֽי־נִחַ֨ם יְהוָ֜ה צִיּ֗וֹן נִחַם֙ כָּל־חָרְבֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם מִדְבָּרָהּ֙ כְּעֵ֔דֶן וְעַרְבָתָ֖הּ כְּגַן־יְהוָ֑ה שָׂשׂ֤וֹן וְשִׂמְחָה֙ יִמָּ֣צֵא בָ֔הּ תּוֹדָ֖ה וְק֥וֹל זִמְרָֽה׃ ס |
For the Lord will comfort Zion; He will comfort all her desolate places, And he will make her desert like Eden, And her arid tract like the Lord's garden. Rejoicing and happiness will be found in her, And thanksgiving and the sound of singing. |
for the Lord will comfort Zion: compare Isa 14:1, Zech 1:17. |
| Isa 51:4 | הַקְשִׁ֤יבוּ אֵלַי֙ עַמִּ֔י וּלְאוּמִּ֖י אֵלַ֣י הַאֲזִ֑ינוּ כִּ֤י תוֹרָה֙ מֵאִתִּ֣י תֵצֵ֔א וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֔י לְא֥וֹר עַמִּ֖ים אַרְגִּֽיעַ׃ |
Listen to me, my people, And hear me, my nation, For the law will go out from me, And I will make my judicature rest As a light for the nations. |
|
| Isa 51:5 | קָר֤וֹב צִדְקִי֙ יָצָ֣א יִשְׁעִ֔י וּזְרֹעַ֖י עַמִּ֣ים יִשְׁפֹּ֑טוּ אֵלַי֙ אִיִּ֣ים יְקַוּ֔וּ וְאֶל־זְרֹעִ֖י יְיַחֵלֽוּן׃ |
My justice is near, My salvation has gone out, And my arms will judge nations. The coastlands will put their hope in me, And confide in my arm. |
and my arms (etc.): the letters could be regrouped and re-pointed as וּזְרֹעִי ... יִשְׁפֹּט וְאֵלַי to read And my arm will judge ... And the coastland will put ....
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 51:6 | שְׂאוּ֩ לַשָּׁמַ֨יִם עֵֽינֵיכֶ֜ם וְֽהַבִּ֧יטוּ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ מִתַּ֗חַת כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֜יִם כֶּעָשָׁ֤ן נִמְלָ֙חוּ֙ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ כַּבֶּ֣גֶד תִּבְלֶ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כְּמוֹ־כֵ֣ן יְמוּת֑וּן וִישֽׁוּעָתִי֙ לְעוֹלָ֣ם תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְצִדְקָתִ֖י לֹ֥א תֵחָֽת׃ ס |
Lift up your eyes to the heavens, And look at the earth below, For the heavens will pass away like smoke, And the earth will wear out like a garment, And its inhabitants will die in a similar way, But my salvation will be age-abiding, And my justice will not be thwarted. |
a garment ← the garment, but the consonantal text would also support a garment. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
in a similar way: as AV, [CB], [MT] (by virtue of the maqqef). [BDB] differs in its main option (as a gnat), root כנן. |
| Isa 51:7 | שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ יֹ֣דְעֵי צֶ֔דֶק עַ֖ם תּוֹרָתִ֣י בְלִבָּ֑ם אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת אֱנ֔וֹשׁ וּמִגִּדֻּפֹתָ֖ם אַל־תֵּחָֽתּוּ׃ |
Listen to me, you who know righteousness – You who are a people with my law in your heart – Do not fear the reproach of man, And do not be dismayed at their vilifications. |
your heart ← their heart. |
| Isa 51:8 | כִּ֤י כַבֶּ֙גֶד֙ יֹאכְלֵ֣ם עָ֔שׁ וְכַצֶּ֖מֶר יֹאכְלֵ֣ם סָ֑ס וְצִדְקָתִי֙ לְעוֹלָ֣ם תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וִישׁוּעָתִ֖י לְד֥וֹר דּוֹרִֽים׃ ס |
For the moth will consume them like a garment, And the larva will consume them like wool, But my justice will be age-abiding, As will my salvation From generation to generation. |
generation to generation ← generation of generations. |
| Isa 51:9 | עוּרִ֨י עוּרִ֤י לִבְשִׁי־עֹז֙ זְר֣וֹעַ יְהוָ֔ה ע֚וּרִי כִּ֣ימֵי קֶ֔דֶם דֹּר֖וֹת עוֹלָמִ֑ים הֲל֥וֹא אַתְּ־הִ֛יא הַמַּחְצֶ֥בֶת רַ֖הַב מְחוֹלֶ֥לֶת תַּנִּֽין׃ |
Wake up, wake up, Put on strength, O arm of the Lord. Wake up as in former days, In generations of past ages. Was it not you who cut Rahab in pieces – Who wounded the land of crocodile? |
Rahab ... crocodile: names for Egypt, where crocodiles were worshipped. |
| Isa 51:10 | הֲל֤וֹא אַתְּ־הִיא֙ הַמַּחֲרֶ֣בֶת יָ֔ם מֵ֖י תְּה֣וֹם רַבָּ֑ה הַשָּׂ֙מָה֙ מַֽעֲמַקֵּי־יָ֔ם דֶּ֖רֶךְ לַעֲבֹ֥ר גְּאוּלִֽים׃ |
Was it not you who dried up the sea – The water of the mighty deep – Who made the depths of the sea A way for those ransomed to cross over? |
|
| Isa 51:11 | וּפְדוּיֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה יְשׁוּב֗וּן וּבָ֤אוּ צִיּוֹן֙ בְּרִנָּ֔ה וְשִׂמְחַ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם שָׂשׂ֤וֹן וְשִׂמְחָה֙ יַשִּׂיג֔וּן נָ֖סוּ יָג֥וֹן וַאֲנָחָֽה׃ ס |
And the Lord's redeemed will return And come to Zion in jubilation, With age-abiding joy on their heads. They will obtain happiness and joy, Whereas sorrow and sighing will flee. |
|| Isa 35:10.
heads ← head. they will obtain happiness and joy: possibly intransitive here, happiness and joy will arrive, paralleling will flee. |
| Isa 51:12 | אָנֹכִ֧י אָנֹכִ֛י ה֖וּא מְנַחֶמְכֶ֑ם מִֽי־אַ֤תְּ וַתִּֽירְאִי֙ מֵאֱנ֣וֹשׁ יָמ֔וּת וּמִבֶּן־אָדָ֖ם חָצִ֥יר יִנָּתֵֽן׃ |
I, I myself am the one who comforts you. Who are you to be afraid of mortal man, Or of a son of Adam Who will be laid under the grass? |
mortal man ← man he will die. |
| Isa 51:13 | וַתִּשְׁכַּ֞ח יְהוָ֣ה עֹשֶׂ֗ךָ נוֹטֶ֣ה שָׁמַיִם֮ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָרֶץ֒ וַתְּפַחֵ֨ד תָּמִ֜יד כָּל־הַיּ֗וֹם מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲמַ֣ת הַמֵּצִ֔יק כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר כּוֹנֵ֖ן לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית וְאַיֵּ֖ה חֲמַ֥ת הַמֵּצִֽיק׃ |
But you are forgetting the Lord your maker, Who stretched out the heavens, And who laid the foundations of the earth, And you have been afraid continually, All day long, Of the fury of the oppressor, Of one as he prepares to bring ruination. But where is the fury of the oppressor? |
|
| Isa 51:14 | מִהַ֥ר צֹעֶ֖ה לְהִפָּתֵ֑חַ וְלֹא־יָמ֣וּת לַשַּׁ֔חַת וְלֹ֥א יֶחְסַ֖ר לַחְמֽוֹ׃ |
The exile hastens to be released And not to die in the pit, And not to have lack of food. |
released ← loosed.
and not to have lack of food ← and his bread shall not be lacking. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Isa 51:15 | וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ רֹגַ֣ע הַיָּ֔ם וַיֶּהֱמ֖וּ גַּלָּ֑יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
But I am the Lord your God, Who stirs up the sea So that its waves roar – The Lord of hosts is his name. |
|
| Isa 51:16 | וָאָשִׂ֤ים דְּבָרַי֙ בְּפִ֔יךָ וּבְצֵ֥ל יָדִ֖י כִּסִּיתִ֑יךָ לִנְטֹ֤עַ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְלִיסֹ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְלֵאמֹ֥ר לְצִיּ֖וֹן עַמִּי־אָֽתָּה׃ ס |
And I will put my words in your mouth; I will cover you with the shadow of my hand So as to plant the heavens And to found the earth, And to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’ |
|
| Isa 51:17 | הִתְעוֹרְרִ֣י הִֽתְעוֹרְרִ֗י ק֚וּמִי יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁתִ֛ית מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־כּ֣וֹס חֲמָת֑וֹ אֶת־קֻבַּ֜עַת כּ֧וֹס הַתַּרְעֵלָ֛ה שָׁתִ֖ית מָצִֽית׃ |
Rouse yourself, rouse yourself, arise, Jerusalem, You who have drunk from the hand of the Lord The cup of his fury. You have drunk; You have wrung out the goblet – The cup of reeling. |
|
| Isa 51:18 | אֵין־מְנַהֵ֣ל לָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים יָלָ֑דָה וְאֵ֤ין מַחֲזִיק֙ בְּיָדָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים גִּדֵּֽלָה׃ |
There is no-one from all the sons she has borne Leading her, And there is no-one out of all the sons she has brought up Holding her hand. |
|
| Isa 51:19 | שְׁתַּ֤יִם הֵ֙נָּה֙ קֹֽרְאֹתַ֔יִךְ מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ הַשֹּׁ֧ד וְהַשֶּׁ֛בֶר וְהָרָעָ֥ב וְהַחֶ֖רֶב מִ֥י אֲנַחֲמֵֽךְ׃ |
There are two things which call out to you: Who will console you? Regarding the devastation, the ruination, the hunger and the sword, Who says, ‘I will comfort you’? |
things which call out to you ← your callers. We take the root as Iקָרָא, not, as [AnLx], AV קָרָה / IIקָרָא, befall, but it is also possible. So AV differs.
who: AV differs (by whom). |
| Isa 51:20 | בָּנַ֜יִךְ עֻלְּפ֥וּ שָׁכְב֛וּ בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצ֖וֹת כְּת֣וֹא מִכְמָ֑ר הַֽמְלֵאִ֥ים חֲמַת־יְהוָ֖ה גַּעֲרַ֥ת אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
Your sons have fainted; They lie at the head of all the streets, Like an oryx in a trap. They are full of the Lord's fury – A rebuke from your God. |
rebuke from ← rebuke of, a subjective genitive (God rebukes). |
| Isa 51:21 | לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְעִי־נָ֥א זֹ֖את עֲנִיָּ֑ה וּשְׁכֻרַ֖ת וְלֹ֥א מִיָּֽיִן׃ ס |
So then, do hear this, You afflicted one – Drunk, But not from wine.” |
|
| Isa 51:22 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנַ֣יִךְ יְהוָ֗ה וֵאלֹהַ֙יִךְ֙ יָרִ֣יב עַמּ֔וֹ הִנֵּ֥ה לָקַ֛חְתִּי מִיָּדֵ֖ךְ אֶת־כּ֣וֹס הַתַּרְעֵלָ֑ה אֶת־קֻבַּ֙עַת֙ כּ֣וֹס חֲמָתִ֔י לֹא־תוֹסִ֥יפִי לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֖הּ עֽוֹד׃ |
This is what your Lord the Lord and your God, Who will contend for his people, says: “Look, I have taken from your hand the cup of reeling, The goblet – the cup of my fury. You will not drink it any more. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 51:23 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מוֹגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים׃ ס |
And I will put it in the hand Of those who afflict you, Who have said to you personally, ‘Bow down so that we may pass.’ And you positioned your back like the ground, And like the street for passers-by to walk on.” |
you personally ← your soul. |
| Isa 52:1 | עוּרִ֥י עוּרִ֛י לִבְשִׁ֥י עֻזֵּ֖ךְ צִיּ֑וֹן לִבְשִׁ֣י ׀ בִּגְדֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עִ֣יר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֛יף יָבֹא־בָ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד עָרֵ֥ל וְטָמֵֽא׃ |
Wake up, wake up, Put on your strength, O Zion; Put on your splendid clothes, O Jerusalem, You holy city, For the uncircumcised and the unclean Will no longer come into you. |
your splendid clothes ... holy city ← the clothes of your splendour ... city of holiness, Hebraic genitives. |
| Isa 52:2 | הִתְנַעֲרִ֧י מֵעָפָ֛ר ק֥וּמִי שְּׁבִ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם *התפתחו **הִֽתְפַּתְּחִי֙ מוֹסְרֵ֣י צַוָּארֵ֔ךְ שְׁבִיָּ֖ה בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ ס |
Shake the dust off yourself, Arise and sit, O Jerusalem; {Q: Loose yourself from the bonds around your neck} [K: The bonds around your neck have become loose], O captive daughter of Zion. |
shake the dust off yourself ← shake yourself from the dust.
bonds around ← bonds of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Isa 52:3 | כִּֽי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה חִנָּ֖ם נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֑ם וְלֹ֥א בְכֶ֖סֶף תִּגָּאֵֽלוּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: “You were sold for nothing, And you will be redeemed Without money.” |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 52:4 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה מִצְרַ֛יִם יָֽרַד־עַמִּ֥י בָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה לָג֣וּר שָׁ֑ם וְאַשּׁ֖וּר בְּאֶ֥פֶס עֲשָׁקֽוֹ׃ |
For this is what my Lord the Lord says: “In time past, My people went down to Egypt To live there, And Assyria oppressed them for no reason, |
this is what ← thus.
in time past ← in the first (time). for no reason ← for nothingness. |
| Isa 52:5 | וְעַתָּ֤ה *מי־*לי־**מַה־**לִּי־פֹה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־לֻקַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י חִנָּ֑ם *משלו **מֹשְׁלָ֤יו יְהֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְתָמִ֥יד כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם שְׁמִ֥י מִנֹּאָֽץ׃ |
And now {K: who} [Q: what] do I have here? Says the Lord, For my people were taken undeservedly. Those ruling them make them howl, Says the Lord, And my name is continuously despised All day long. |
those ruling them: the ketiv has a singular object suffix, as a collective reference to my people.
Rom 2:24. |
| Isa 52:6 | לָכֵ֛ן יֵדַ֥ע עַמִּ֖י שְׁמִ֑י לָכֵן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּֽי־אֲנִי־ה֥וּא הַֽמְדַבֵּ֖ר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ |
This is why my people will know my name; This is why they will know on that day That I am he who speaks and says, ‘Here I am.’ ” |
here I am ← behold me. |
| Isa 52:7 | מַה־נָּאו֨וּ עַל־הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֣י מְבַשֵּׂ֗ר מַשְׁמִ֧יעַ שָׁל֛וֹם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר ט֖וֹב מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ יְשׁוּעָ֑ה אֹמֵ֥ר לְצִיּ֖וֹן מָלַ֥ךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
How becoming on the mountains Are the feet of him who brings good news, Who proclaims peace, Who brings good news of well-being, Who proclaims salvation, Who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.” |
Rom 10:15. Compare also Nah 2:1 (Nah 1:15AV). |
| Isa 52:8 | ק֥וֹל צֹפַ֛יִךְ נָ֥שְׂאוּ ק֖וֹל יַחְדָּ֣ו יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ כִּ֣י עַ֤יִן בְּעַ֙יִן֙ יִרְא֔וּ בְּשׁ֥וּב יְהוָ֖ה צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
There is the voice of your watchmen. They raise their voice; They are jubilant together, For they will see face to face When the Lord returns to Zion. |
face to face ← eye to eye, but not in the modern English sense of agreeing with each other.
returns: AV differs (shall bring again), reading as if hiphil. |
| Isa 52:9 | פִּצְח֤וּ רַנְּנוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו חָרְב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּֽי־נִחַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ גָּאַ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
Break out into singing, Be jubilant together, You desolate areas of Jerusalem, For the Lord has comforted his people; He has redeemed Jerusalem. |
|
| Isa 52:10 | חָשַׂ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־זְר֣וֹעַ קָדְשׁ֔וֹ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְרָאוּ֙ כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֔רֶץ אֵ֖ת יְשׁוּעַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
The Lord has made his holy arm bare In the sight of all the nations, And all the ends of the earth will see The salvation of our God. |
his holy arm ← the arm of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
all the ends of the earth (etc.): compare Ps 98:3. |
| Isa 52:11 | ס֤וּרוּ ס֙וּרוּ֙ צְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם טָמֵ֖א אַל־תִּגָּ֑עוּ צְא֣וּ מִתּוֹכָ֔הּ הִבָּ֕רוּ נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Depart, depart, Get out of there; Do not touch any unclean thing. Go away from her, Be purified, You who carry the Lord's equipment. |
2 Cor 6:17, Rev 18:4.
go away from her ← go out from her midst. |
| Isa 52:12 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א בְחִפָּזוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֔אוּ וּבִמְנוּסָ֖ה לֹ֣א תֵלֵכ֑וּן כִּֽי־הֹלֵ֤ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ יְהוָ֔ה וּמְאַסִּפְכֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
For you will not go out in haste, And you will not go in flight, For the Lord will go before you, And the God of Israel will gather you up at the rear. |
gather you up at the rear: the verb has connotations of at the rear. |
| Isa 52:13 | הִנֵּ֥ה יַשְׂכִּ֖יל עַבְדִּ֑י יָר֧וּם וְנִשָּׂ֛א וְגָבַ֖הּ מְאֹֽד׃ |
Behold, my servant will act prudently; He will be exalted And extolled, And he will be very high. |
|
| Isa 52:14 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ רַבִּ֔ים כֵּן־מִשְׁחַ֥ת מֵאִ֖ישׁ מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וְתֹאֲר֖וֹ מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Just as many were astonished at you – Such was the disfigurement of his appearance, More than that of any man, And of his looks, More than that of any of the sons of Adam – |
looks ← form. |
| Isa 52:15 | כֵּ֤ן יַזֶּה֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עָלָ֛יו יִקְפְּצ֥וּ מְלָכִ֖ים פִּיהֶ֑ם כִּ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־סֻפַּ֤ר לָהֶם֙ רָא֔וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ הִתְבּוֹנָֽנוּ׃ |
So he will sprinkle many nations; Kings will shut their mouths at him, For they will see what was never told them, And they will contemplate What they had never heard before. |
Rom 15:21.
sprinkle: the word is common in Leviticus for sprinkling blood for atonement. never (2x) ← not. |
| Isa 53:1 | מִ֥י הֶאֱמִ֖ין לִשְׁמֻעָתֵ֑נוּ וּזְר֥וֹעַ יְהוָ֖ה עַל־מִ֥י נִגְלָֽתָה׃ |
Who has believed our account, And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? |
John 12:38, Rom 10:16.
account ← thing heard. |
| Isa 53:2 | וַיַּ֨עַל כַּיּוֹנֵ֜ק לְפָנָ֗יו וְכַשֹּׁ֙רֶשׁ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֔ה לֹא־תֹ֥אַר ל֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א הָדָ֑ר וְנִרְאֵ֥הוּ וְלֹֽא־מַרְאֶ֖ה וְנֶחְמְדֵֽהוּ׃ |
For he grew up before him like a shoot, And like a root from arid ground. He had no handsome form or splendour, And when we saw him, It was not a sight That we should desire him. |
shoot ← sucker, as in the botanical sense, but in Hebrew also from the same root as to suck.
arid ground ← land of aridity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 53:3 | נִבְזֶה֙ וַחֲדַ֣ל אִישִׁ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ מַכְאֹב֖וֹת וִיד֣וּעַ חֹ֑לִי וּכְמַסְתֵּ֤ר פָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ נִבְזֶ֖ה וְלֹ֥א חֲשַׁבְנֻֽהוּ׃ |
He was despised and repudiated by men – A man of sorrows and acquainted with affliction – While we were like a person hiding his face from him. He was despised, And we did not esteem him. |
affliction ← illness.
from him: the same form as from us, compare [YLT], but the context militates for from him. |
| Isa 53:4 | אָכֵ֤ן חֳלָיֵ֙נוּ֙ ה֣וּא נָשָׂ֔א וּמַכְאֹבֵ֖ינוּ סְבָלָ֑ם וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ חֲשַׁבְנֻ֔הוּ נָג֛וּעַ מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּמְעֻנֶּֽה׃ |
Surely he has borne our ailments And taken the weight of our sorrows, But we considered him stricken – Struck by God and afflicted. |
Matt 8:17. Alluded to in 1 Pet 2:24.
sorrows: or pains. |
| Isa 53:5 | וְהוּא֙ מְחֹלָ֣ל מִפְּשָׁעֵ֔נוּ מְדֻכָּ֖א מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵ֑ינוּ מוּסַ֤ר שְׁלוֹמֵ֙נוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבַחֲבֻרָת֖וֹ נִרְפָּא־לָֽנוּ׃ |
He was wounded for our transgressions; He was bruised for our iniquities. The punishment for our peace was on him, And by his weals Our healing came. |
1 Pet 2:24.
wounded: or pierced, but not the same word as in Zech 12:10. our healing came ← it was healed for us. |
| Isa 53:6 | כֻּלָּ֙נוּ֙ כַּצֹּ֣אן תָּעִ֔ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכּ֖וֹ פָּנִ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הִפְגִּ֣יעַ בּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן כֻּלָּֽנוּ׃ |
We like sheep have all gone astray; We have each turned our own way. But the Lord has laid on him The iniquity of us all. |
1 Pet 2:25.
our own way ← his (own) way. |
| Isa 53:7 | נִגַּ֨שׂ וְה֣וּא נַעֲנֶה֮ וְלֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּיו֒ כַּשֶּׂה֙ לַטֶּ֣בַח יוּבָ֔ל וּכְרָחֵ֕ל לִפְנֵ֥י גֹזְזֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱלָ֑מָה וְלֹ֥א יִפְתַּ֖ח פִּֽיו׃ |
He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, But he did not open his mouth. He was led like a lamb to the slaughter, And as a ewe before its shearers is silent He did not open his mouth. |
Acts 8:32. Alluded to in 1 Pet 2:23. |
| Isa 53:8 | מֵעֹ֤צֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ לֻקָּ֔ח וְאֶת־דּוֹר֖וֹ מִ֣י יְשׂוֹחֵ֑חַ כִּ֤י נִגְזַר֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים מִפֶּ֥שַׁע עַמִּ֖י נֶ֥גַע לָֽמוֹ׃ |
He was taken under compulsion and by sentencing, And who can describe what his posterity is? For he was cut off from the land of the living; For the transgression of my people He was struck down. |
Acts 8:33.
under compulsion ← from retention. posterity ← generation. he was struck down ← a strike on him. |
| Isa 53:9 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־רְשָׁעִים֙ קִבְר֔וֹ וְאֶת־עָשִׁ֖יר בְּמֹתָ֑יו עַ֚ל לֹא־חָמָ֣ס עָשָׂ֔ה וְלֹ֥א מִרְמָ֖ה בְּפִֽיו׃ |
And his grave was appointed with the wicked, But with a rich man in his death, Because he did no violence, And there was no deceit in his mouth. |
1 Pet 2:22.
his grave was appointed ← one / he appointed his grave. Avoidance of the passive. But possibly he (the Lord, or even the servant) appointed his grave. |
| Isa 53:10 | וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאוֹ֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים וְחֵ֥פֶץ יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָד֥וֹ יִצְלָֽח׃ |
Yet the Lord was pleased to bruise him, And to ravage him. When his life makes a guilt-offering, He will see his seed, He will prolong his days, And the pleasure of the Lord Will prosper in his hand. |
ravage ← make sick.
life ← soul. when his life makes a guilt-offering: or, ≈ AV, when you make his life a guilt-offering. But there are no other sentences with “you” as the subject in this chapter. So AV differs. |
| Isa 53:11 | מֵעֲמַ֤ל נַפְשׁוֹ֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה יִשְׂבָּ֔ע בְּדַעְתּ֗וֹ יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וַעֲוֺנֹתָ֖ם ה֥וּא יִסְבֹּֽל׃ |
He will see the result of his inward toil; He will be satisfied. My righteous servant will justify many by his knowledge, And he will bear their iniquities. |
his inward toil ← the toil of his soul.
my righteous servant: a rare, but similar, construction in Isa 33:21, Ps 11:7. |
| Isa 53:12 | לָכֵ֞ן אֲחַלֶּק־ל֣וֹ בָרַבִּ֗ים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים֮ יְחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָל֒ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ חֵטְא־רַבִּ֣ים נָשָׂ֔א וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃ ס |
That is why I will apportion him among the great, And he will share spoil with the mighty, Because he poured out his being to death, And he was counted with the transgressors, And he bore the sin of many, And he pleaded for the transgressors. |
Mark 15:28, Luke 22:37.
being ← soul. transgressors ... transgressors: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. pleaded: or will plead, but we take it as contemporaneous with the preceding verb. |
| Isa 54:1 | רָנִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה לֹ֣א יָלָ֑דָה פִּצְחִ֨י רִנָּ֤ה וְצַהֲלִי֙ לֹא־חָ֔לָה כִּֽי־רַבִּ֧ים בְּֽנֵי־שׁוֹמֵמָ֛ה מִבְּנֵ֥י בְעוּלָ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
“Be jubilant, you who are barren And have not given birth. Break out into jubilation, And shout for joy, You who have not been through labour, For the sons of her who was desolate will be more Than the sons of her who is married, Says the Lord. |
Gal 4:27.
shout for joy ← neigh. Compare Isa 10:30. |
| Isa 54:2 | הַרְחִ֣יבִי ׀ מְק֣וֹם אָהֳלֵ֗ךְ וִירִיע֧וֹת מִשְׁכְּנוֹתַ֛יִךְ יַטּ֖וּ אַל־תַּחְשֹׂ֑כִי הַאֲרִ֙יכִי֙ מֵֽיתָרַ֔יִךְ וִיתֵדֹתַ֖יִךְ חַזֵּֽקִי׃ |
Make a wide open space in your tent, And let the curtains of your abodes be stretched. Do not hold back; Lengthen your guylines And strengthen your pegs. |
The verbal forms are feminine singular, so referring to, e.g. Jerusalem.
let the curtains ... be stretched ← let them stretch the curtains. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Isa 54:3 | כִּי־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֖אול תִּפְרֹ֑צִי וְזַרְעֵךְ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם יִירָ֔שׁ וְעָרִ֥ים נְשַׁמּ֖וֹת יוֹשִֽׁיבוּ׃ |
For you will spread out to the right and to the left, And your seed will dispossess nations, And they will make desolate places habitable. |
dispossess: or inherit. |
| Isa 54:4 | אַל־תִּֽירְאִי֙ כִּי־לֹ֣א תֵב֔וֹשִׁי וְאַל־תִּכָּלְמִ֖י כִּ֣י לֹ֣א תַחְפִּ֑ירִי כִּ֣י בֹ֤שֶׁת עֲלוּמַ֙יִךְ֙ תִּשְׁכָּ֔חִי וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת אַלְמְנוּתַ֖יִךְ לֹ֥א תִזְכְּרִי־עֽוֹד׃ |
Do not fear, for you will not be ashamed, And you will not suffer ignominy, For you will not come into disrepute, And you will forget the shame of your youth, And you will no longer remember The reproach of your widowhood. |
|
| Isa 54:5 | כִּ֤י בֹעֲלַ֙יִךְ֙ עֹשַׂ֔יִךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמ֑וֹ וְגֹֽאֲלֵךְ֙ קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֱלֹהֵ֥י כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יִקָּרֵֽא׃ |
For your husband is your maker – The Lord of hosts is his name – And your redeemer is the holy one of Israel. He will be called The God of all the earth. |
|
| Isa 54:6 | כִּֽי־כְאִשָּׁ֧ה עֲזוּבָ֛ה וַעֲצ֥וּבַת ר֖וּחַ קְרָאָ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵ֧שֶׁת נְעוּרִ֛ים כִּ֥י תִמָּאֵ֖ס אָמַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
For the Lord has called you As a woman who has been deserted, And who is grieved in spirit, And as a youthful wife – For you were rejected, Says your God. |
grieved in ← grieved of.
youthful wife ← wife of youth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 54:7 | בְּרֶ֥גַע קָטֹ֖ן עֲזַבְתִּ֑יךְ וּבְרַחֲמִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים אֲקַבְּצֵֽךְ׃ |
For a short while I left you, But I will gather you With great tender affection. |
|
| Isa 54:8 | בְּשֶׁ֣צֶף קֶ֗צֶף הִסְתַּ֨רְתִּי פָנַ֥י רֶ֙גַע֙ מִמֵּ֔ךְ וּבְחֶ֥סֶד עוֹלָ֖ם רִֽחַמְתִּ֑יךְ אָמַ֥ר גֹּאֲלֵ֖ךְ יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
In a surge of wrath I hid my face from you for a while, But I will have compassion on you With age-abiding kindness, Says your redeemer, The Lord. |
|
| Isa 54:9 | כִּי־מֵ֥י נֹ֙חַ֙ זֹ֣את לִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבַּ֗עְתִּי מֵעֲבֹ֥ר מֵי־נֹ֛חַ ע֖וֹד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כֵּ֥ן נִשְׁבַּ֛עְתִּי מִקְּצֹ֥ף עָלַ֖יִךְ וּמִגְּעָר־בָּֽךְ׃ |
For this is like Noah's waters to me, About which I swore That Noah's waters would no longer pass over the earth. Likewise, I have sworn Not to be angry with you Nor to rebuke you. |
not to be angry with you (etc.): i.e. when the time for this comes. |
| Isa 54:10 | כִּ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יָמ֔וּשׁוּ וְהַגְּבָע֖וֹת תְּמוּטֶ֑נָה וְחַסְדִּ֞י מֵאִתֵּ֣ךְ לֹֽא־יָמ֗וּשׁ וּבְרִ֤ית שְׁלוֹמִי֙ לֹ֣א תָמ֔וּט אָמַ֥ר מְרַחֲמֵ֖ךְ יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
For the mountains will retreat, And the hills will totter, But my kindness will not retreat from you, And my covenant of peace will not totter, Says the Lord, Who has mercy on you. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 54:11 | עֲנִיָּ֥ה סֹעֲרָ֖ה לֹ֣א נֻחָ֑מָה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַרְבִּ֤יץ בַּפּוּךְ֙ אֲבָנַ֔יִךְ וִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְ בַּסַּפִּירִֽים׃ |
Poor, tossed about, And not comforted as you are, I am about to set your stones, In dark surround, And I will give you foundations of sapphires. |
I am about to ← behold me.
in dark surround ← in antimony, or in eye shadow, but here probably a dark mineral. |
| Isa 54:12 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י כַּֽדְכֹד֙ שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֔יִךְ וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ לְאַבְנֵ֣י אֶקְדָּ֑ח וְכָל־גְּבוּלֵ֖ךְ לְאַבְנֵי־חֵֽפֶץ׃ |
And I will make your windows of rubies, And your gates of garnet, And all your border Of attractive gemstones. |
attractive gemstones ← stones of delight, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 54:13 | וְכָל־בָּנַ֖יִךְ לִמּוּדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְרַ֖ב שְׁל֥וֹם בָּנָֽיִךְ׃ |
And all your sons will be the Lord's disciples, And the peace of your sons Will be great. |
John 6:45.
disciples: perhaps, having learnt, scholars. |
| Isa 54:14 | בִּצְדָקָ֖ה תִּכּוֹנָ֑נִי רַחֲקִ֤י מֵעֹ֙שֶׁק֙ כִּֽי־לֹ֣א תִירָ֔אִי וּמִ֨מְּחִתָּ֔ה כִּ֥י לֹֽא־תִקְרַ֖ב אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ |
You will be established in righteousness; You will certainly be far from oppression, For you will not fear, And you will be far from terror, For it will not come near you. |
you will certainly be far from oppression: an imperative, expressing distinct assurance; see [Ges-HG] §110c. |
| Isa 54:15 | הֵ֣ן גּ֥וֹר יָג֛וּר אֶ֖פֶס מֵֽאוֹתִ֑י מִי־גָ֥ר אִתָּ֖ךְ עָלַ֥יִךְ יִפּֽוֹל׃ |
Behold, no-one at all will dwell with you Unless it is authorized by my sign; He who has dwelt with you Would attack you. |
no-one at all will dwell: infinitive absolute.
The AV differs, but it is also plausible. The verse is difficult because of the ambiguity of גּוּר (dwell or gather or attack), and other words. |
| Isa 54:16 | *הן **הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ בָּרָ֣אתִי חָרָ֔שׁ נֹפֵ֙חַ֙ בְּאֵ֣שׁ פֶּחָ֔ם וּמוֹצִ֥יא כְלִ֖י לְמַעֲשֵׂ֑הוּ וְאָנֹכִ֛י בָּרָ֥אתִי מַשְׁחִ֖ית לְחַבֵּֽל׃ |
Behold, I created the craftsman, Who puffs on the coal fire And produces an instrument for his work. And I created the ruiner To lay waste. |
behold: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
coal fire ← fire of coals. an instrument: or an object, or a weapon. for his work: or by his work. |
| Isa 54:17 | כָּל־כְּלִ֞י יוּצַ֤ר עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ לֹ֣א יִצְלָ֔ח וְכָל־לָשׁ֛וֹן תָּֽקוּם־אִתָּ֥ךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט תַּרְשִׁ֑יעִי זֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ עַבְדֵ֨י יְהוָ֧ה וְצִדְקָתָ֛ם מֵאִתִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
No weapon produced against you will be successful, And you will condemn every tongue which confronts you in law. This is the inheritance of the Lord's servants, Whose righteousness comes from me”, Says the Lord. |
confronts ← rises.
law ← judgment, justice. |
| Isa 55:1 | ה֤וֹי כָּל־צָמֵא֙ לְכ֣וּ לַמַּ֔יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֖וֹ כָּ֑סֶף לְכ֤וּ שִׁבְרוּ֙ וֶֽאֱכֹ֔לוּ וּלְכ֣וּ שִׁבְר֗וּ בְּלוֹא־כֶ֛סֶף וּבְל֥וֹא מְחִ֖יר יַ֥יִן וְחָלָֽב׃ |
“Hey, everyone who is thirsty, Come to the water, Including him who has no money. Come and buy something, and eat, And come and buy wine and milk, Without money and without a price. |
Rev 21:6, Rev 22:17; John 7:38 (allusion).
buy (2x) ← broker. |
| Isa 55:2 | לָ֤מָּה תִשְׁקְלוּ־כֶ֙סֶף֙ בְּֽלוֹא־לֶ֔חֶם וִיגִיעֲכֶ֖ם בְּל֣וֹא לְשָׂבְעָ֑ה שִׁמְע֨וּ שָׁמ֤וֹעַ אֵלַי֙ וְאִכְלוּ־ט֔וֹב וְתִתְעַנַּ֥ג בַּדֶּ֖שֶׁן נַפְשְׁכֶֽם׃ |
Why do you weigh out money For what is not bread, And your hard-earned wealth For what does not satisfy? Listen carefully to me, And eat what is good, And let your being delight itself In fatness. |
listen carefully: infinitive absolute.
being ← soul. |
| Isa 55:3 | הַטּ֤וּ אָזְנְכֶם֙ וּלְכ֣וּ אֵלַ֔י שִׁמְע֖וּ וּתְחִ֣י נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְאֶכְרְתָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם חַֽסְדֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הַנֶּאֱמָנִֽים׃ |
Incline your ears and come to me. Listen, and let yourself live, And I will make an age-abiding covenant for you – The faithful kindnesses of David. |
Acts 13:34.
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. yourself ← your soul. make ← cut. |
| Isa 55:4 | הֵ֛ן עֵ֥ד לְאוּמִּ֖ים נְתַתִּ֑יו נָגִ֥יד וּמְצַוֵּ֖ה לְאֻמִּֽים׃ |
Behold, I have made him A witness to the nations – A leader and a commander For the nations. |
nations ... nations: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 55:5 | הֵ֣ן גּ֤וֹי לֹֽא־תֵדַע֙ תִּקְרָ֔א וְג֥וֹי לֹֽא־יְדָע֖וּךָ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יָר֑וּצוּ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְלִקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֥י פֵאֲרָֽךְ׃ ס |
Behold, you will call on a nation Which you did not know, And a nation which did not know you Will run to you For the sake of the Lord your God, And for the holy one of Israel, For he has adorned you. |
|
| Isa 55:6 | דִּרְשׁ֥וּ יְהוָ֖ה בְּהִמָּצְא֑וֹ קְרָאֻ֖הוּ בִּֽהְיוֹת֥וֹ קָרֽוֹב׃ |
Seek the Lord While he is to be found; Call upon him While he is near. |
|
| Isa 55:7 | יַעֲזֹ֤ב רָשָׁע֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אָ֖וֶן מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֑יו וְיָשֹׁ֤ב אֶל־יְהוָה֙ וִֽירַחֲמֵ֔הוּ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ כִּֽי־יַרְבֶּ֥ה לִסְלֽוֹחַ׃ |
Let the wicked abandon his way, And the iniquitous man his designs, And let him return to the Lord, Who will show him mercy, And to our God, For he is very forward to forgive. |
iniquitous man ← man of iniquity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 55:8 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א מַחְשְׁבוֹתַי֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם דְּרָכָ֑י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
For my thoughts are not your thoughts, And your ways are not my ways, Says the Lord. |
|
| Isa 55:9 | כִּֽי־גָבְה֥וּ שָׁמַ֖יִם מֵאָ֑רֶץ כֵּ֣ן גָּבְה֤וּ דְרָכַי֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֔ם וּמַחְשְׁבֹתַ֖י מִמַּחְשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So my ways are higher than your ways, And my thoughts than your thoughts. |
|
| Isa 55:10 | כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵרֵד֩ הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב כִּ֚י אִם־הִרְוָ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ וְנָ֤תַן זֶ֙רַע֙ לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ וְלֶ֖חֶם לָאֹכֵֽל׃ |
For as the rain and the snow fall from the heavens And do not return there, But saturate the land And cause it to be fertile, And give growth and yield seed for the sower, And bread for him who eats, |
2 Cor 9:10.
to be fertile ← to beget, but also, to make beget. |
| Isa 55:11 | כֵּ֣ן יִֽהְיֶ֤ה דְבָרִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵצֵ֣א מִפִּ֔י לֹֽא־יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלַ֖י רֵיקָ֑ם כִּ֤י אִם־עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָפַ֔צְתִּי וְהִצְלִ֖יחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁלַחְתִּֽיו׃ |
So my word which proceeds from my mouth is; It will not return to me in vain, But rather it will do what I have willed, And it will be successful Where I have sent it. |
in vain ← emptily. |
| Isa 55:12 | כִּֽי־בְשִׂמְחָ֣ה תֵצֵ֔אוּ וּבְשָׁל֖וֹם תּֽוּבָל֑וּן הֶהָרִ֣ים וְהַגְּבָע֗וֹת יִפְצְח֤וּ לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ רִנָּ֔ה וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִמְחֲאוּ־כָֽף׃ |
For you will go out with joy, And you will be led in peace; The mountains and the hills will break out in jubilation before you, And all the trees of the countryside Will clap their hands. |
|
| Isa 55:13 | תַּ֤חַת הַֽנַּעֲצוּץ֙ יַעֲלֶ֣ה בְר֔וֹשׁ *תחת **וְתַ֥חַת הַסִּרְפַּ֖ד יַעֲלֶ֣ה הֲדַ֑ס וְהָיָ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ לְשֵׁ֔ם לְא֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א יִכָּרֵֽת׃ ס |
Instead of the thorn bush, The cypress will come {K: up;} [Q: up,] {K: Instead} [Q: And instead] of the briar The myrtle will come up, And it will be for the Lord's fame, As an age-abiding sign Which will not be cut off.” |
fame ← name. |
| Isa 56:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שִׁמְר֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וַעֲשׂ֣וּ צְדָקָ֑ה כִּֽי־קְרוֹבָ֤ה יְשֽׁוּעָתִי֙ לָב֔וֹא וְצִדְקָתִ֖י לְהִגָּלֽוֹת׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Maintain justice and act righteously, For my salvation is drawing near, As is my righteousness Which is to be revealed. |
this is what ← thus.
act righteously ← do righteousness. is drawing near ← (is) close to come. |
| Isa 56:2 | אַשְׁרֵ֤י אֱנוֹשׁ֙ יַעֲשֶׂה־זֹּ֔את וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם יַחֲזִ֣יק בָּ֑הּ שֹׁמֵ֤ר שַׁבָּת֙ מֵֽחַלְּל֔וֹ וְשֹׁמֵ֥ר יָד֖וֹ מֵעֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּל־רָֽע׃ ס |
Blessed is the man who does this, And the son of Adam who holds on to it, Who keeps the Sabbath so as not to profane it And keeps his hand away From committing any evil. |
any ← every. |
| Isa 56:3 | וְאַל־יֹאמַ֣ר בֶּן־הַנֵּכָ֗ר הַנִּלְוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַבְדֵּ֧ל יַבְדִּילַ֛נִי יְהוָ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל עַמּ֑וֹ וְאַל־יֹאמַר֙ הַסָּרִ֔יס הֵ֥ן אֲנִ֖י עֵ֥ץ יָבֵֽשׁ׃ ס |
And do not let the foreigner Who is joined to the Lord say, ‘The Lord will surely separate me from his people’, And do not let the eunuch say, ‘Look, I am dry wood.’ ” |
foreigner ← son of foreignness.
say ← say saying. surely separate: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 56:4 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַסָּֽרִיסִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁמְרוּ֙ אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֔י וּבָֽחֲר֖וּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר חָפָ֑צְתִּי וּמַחֲזִיקִ֖ים בִּבְרִיתִֽי׃ |
For this is what the Lord says To the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, And choose what I delight in, And keep my covenant: |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 56:5 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י לָהֶ֜ם בְּבֵיתִ֤י וּבְחֽוֹמֹתַי֙ יָ֣ד וָשֵׁ֔ם ט֖וֹב מִבָּנִ֣ים וּמִבָּנ֑וֹת שֵׁ֤ם עוֹלָם֙ אֶתֶּן־ל֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִכָּרֵֽת׃ ס |
“Now I will give them A memorial and a name In my house and within my walls, Better than sons and daughters. I will give him an age-abiding name Which will not be cut off. |
a memorial and a name: from which Yad Vashem, the name of the memorial to the victims of the holocaust, comes. The word for memorial also means hand, power, care etc.
give him: AV differs (give them), but we follow the Hebrew. |
| Isa 56:6 | וּבְנֵ֣י הַנֵּכָ֗ר הַנִּלְוִ֤ים עַל־יְהוָה֙ לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וּֽלְאַהֲבָה֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לִהְי֥וֹת ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִ֑ים כָּל־שֹׁמֵ֤ר שַׁבָּת֙ מֵֽחַלְּל֔וֹ וּמַחֲזִיקִ֖ים בִּבְרִיתִֽי׃ |
And I will allow the foreigners Who are joined to the Lord In serving him And in loving the name of the Lord To be his servants – Everyone who keeps the Sabbath By not profaning it, And all who keep my covenant. |
I will allow: supplied from I will give in Isa 56:5, the verb נָתַן covering both meanings.
in serving ... in loving ... by not profaning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 56:7 | וַהֲבִיאוֹתִ֞ים אֶל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֗י וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית תְּפִלָּתִ֔י עוֹלֹתֵיהֶ֧ם וְזִבְחֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָצ֖וֹן עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֑י כִּ֣י בֵיתִ֔י בֵּית־תְּפִלָּ֥ה יִקָּרֵ֖א לְכָל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ |
And I will bring them to my holy mountain, And I will make them joyful in my house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices Will be a delight on my altar, And my house will be called A house of prayer for all the nations.” |
Matt 21:13, Mark 11:17, Luke 19:46.
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 56:8 | נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה מְקַבֵּ֖ץ נִדְחֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ע֛וֹד אֲקַבֵּ֥ץ עָלָ֖יו לְנִקְבָּצָֽיו׃ |
My Lord the Lord, Who gathers those who were driven out of Israel, says, “I will yet gather them there, With those of his company Who have been gathered. |
there ← to him / it, referring to Israel as a nation. |
| Isa 56:9 | כֹּ֖ל חַיְת֣וֹ שָׂדָ֑י אֵתָ֕יוּ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל כָּל־חַיְת֖וֹ בַּיָּֽעַר׃ ס |
All you wild animals, Come to eat – All you wild animals of the forest. |
|
| Isa 56:10 | *צפו **צֹפָ֞יו עִוְרִ֤ים כֻּלָּם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ כֻּלָּם֙ כְּלָבִ֣ים אִלְּמִ֔ים לֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ לִנְבֹּ֑חַ הֹזִים֙ שֹֽׁכְבִ֔ים אֹהֲבֵ֖י לָנֽוּם׃ |
His watchmen are all blind; They do not know anything. They are all mute dogs; They are not able to bark. They are dreamers, lying down, Who love to slumber. |
his watchmen: the ketiv reads his watchman, but it has a plural adjective. |
| Isa 56:11 | וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ שָׂבְעָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה רֹעִ֔ים לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ הָבִ֑ין כֻּלָּם֙ לְדַרְכָּ֣ם פָּנ֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְבִצְע֖וֹ מִקָּצֵֽהוּ׃ |
But the dogs have a ferocious appetite – They do not know satiety – And they are shepherds who do not know how to discern. They have all turned their own way – Each one to his own gain From his own retreat. |
appetite ← soul, but also appetite.
retreat ← end. |
| Isa 56:12 | אֵתָ֥יוּ אֶקְחָה־יַ֖יִן וְנִסְבְּאָ֣ה שֵׁכָ֑ר וְהָיָ֤ה כָזֶה֙ י֣וֹם מָחָ֔ר גָּד֖וֹל יֶ֥תֶר מְאֹֽד׃ |
‘Come on’, they say, ‘For I will get wine, And let us imbibe liquor, And tomorrow will be like this, Great and most excellent.’ |
most excellent ← much excellence. |
| Isa 57:1 | הַצַּדִּ֣יק אָבָ֔ד וְאֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ שָׂ֣ם עַל־לֵ֑ב וְאַנְשֵׁי־חֶ֤סֶד נֶֽאֱסָפִים֙ בְּאֵ֣ין מֵבִ֔ין כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֥י הָרָעָ֖ה נֶאֱסַ֥ף הַצַּדִּֽיק׃ |
The righteous man is no more, And there is no man who lays it to heart, And kind men have been taken away, With no-one understanding That it is because of evil That the righteous man has been taken away. |
is no more ← has perished.
kind men ← men of kindness, a Hebraic genitive. taken away (2x) ← gathered in. |
| Isa 57:2 | יָב֣וֹא שָׁל֔וֹם יָנ֖וּחוּ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָ֑ם הֹלֵ֖ךְ נְכֹחֽוֹ׃ |
He will enter into peace; They will rest on their couches, Each who walks in his uprightness. |
he will enter into peace: or peace will come.
his uprightness ← his (i.e. God's) straightforwardness. |
| Isa 57:3 | וְאַתֶּ֥ם קִרְבוּ־הֵ֖נָּה בְּנֵ֣י עֹנְנָ֑ה זֶ֥רַע מְנָאֵ֖ף וַתִּזְנֶֽה׃ |
But as for you, draw near here, You sons of the diviner by clouds, And seed of the adulterer and the prostitute. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
diviner: feminine. and the prostitute ← and she committed whoredom. |
| Isa 57:4 | עַל־מִי֙ תִּתְעַנָּ֔גוּ עַל־מִ֛י תַּרְחִ֥יבוּ פֶ֖ה תַּאֲרִ֣יכוּ לָשׁ֑וֹן הֲלֽוֹא־אַתֶּ֥ם יִלְדֵי־פֶ֖שַׁע זֶ֥רַע שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Against whom do you make sport for yourselves? Whom do you smirk at? Whom do you poke the tongue at? Are you not transgressive children – A false seed? |
smirk ← widen the mouth.
poke ← lengthen. transgressive children ← children of transgression. The usual expression is sons of transgression, but see Isa 2:6. a false seed ← a seed of falsity / lying, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 57:5 | הַנֵּֽחָמִים֙ בָּֽאֵלִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֑ן שֹׁחֲטֵ֤י הַיְלָדִים֙ בַּנְּחָלִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת סְעִפֵ֥י הַסְּלָעִֽים׃ |
– You who are inflamed by idols Under every luxuriant tree, Slaughtering children at the streams Under the fissures in the rocks? |
|
| Isa 57:6 | בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַ֣חַל חֶלְקֵ֔ךְ הֵ֥ם הֵ֖ם גּוֹרָלֵ֑ךְ גַּם־לָהֶ֞ם שָׁפַ֥כְתְּ נֶ֙סֶךְ֙ הֶעֱלִ֣ית מִנְחָ֔ה הַ֥עַל אֵ֖לֶּה אֶנָּחֵֽם׃ |
Your lot is in the bare reaches of a stream; They are what your fate is. To them also you poured out a libation And raised an offering. Should I be comforted by these? |
|
| Isa 57:7 | עַ֤ל הַר־גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ וְנִשָּׂ֔א שַׂ֖מְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבֵ֑ךְ גַּם־שָׁ֥ם עָלִ֖ית לִזְבֹּ֥חַ זָֽבַח׃ |
You have made your bed On a high and lofty mountain; There too you went up To offer sacrifice. |
made your bed ← placed your couch.
offer ← sacrifice. |
| Isa 57:8 | וְאַחַ֤ר הַדֶּ֙לֶת֙ וְהַמְּזוּזָ֔ה שַׂ֖מְתְּ זִכְרוֹנֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י מֵאִתִּ֞י גִּלִּ֣ית וַֽתַּעֲלִ֗י הִרְחַ֤בְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבֵךְ֙ וַתִּכְרָת־לָ֣ךְ מֵהֶ֔ם אָהַ֥בְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבָ֖ם יָ֥ד חָזִֽית׃ |
And you have left your memorial Behind the door and doorpost, For you have uncovered yourself To someone other than me, And you have gone up, And you have made your bed widely available, And you have made yourself a covenant With some of them. You have loved their bed; You have seen their male member. |
gone up: or offered.
you have made ← she has cut, the verb being associated with covenants. On the translation as second person (you), see [Ges-HG] §47k. male member ← hand, and various other meanings. See [BDB] p.390, № 4g for phallus. AV differs (it). |
| Isa 57:9 | וַתָּשֻׁ֤רִי לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וַתַּרְבִּ֖י רִקֻּחָ֑יִךְ וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֤י צִרַ֙יִךְ֙ עַד־מֵ֣רָחֹ֔ק וַתַּשְׁפִּ֖ילִי עַד־שְׁאֽוֹל׃ |
And you went to the king with oil, And you took many fragrances, And you sent your ambassadors far and wide, And you brought people down to the grave. |
took many fragrances ← increased your fragrances.
far and wide ← up to from far. people: AV differs (thyself). |
| Isa 57:10 | בְּרֹ֤ב דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ יָגַ֔עַתְּ לֹ֥א אָמַ֖רְתְּ נוֹאָ֑שׁ חַיַּ֤ת יָדֵךְ֙ מָצָ֔את עַל־כֵּ֖ן לֹ֥א חָלִֽית׃ |
You exhaust yourself with your grand way. You have not said, ‘It is desperate.’ You have found vitality in your reach, Which is why you have not flagged. |
your grand way ← the grandness of your way. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Dan 11:20.
vitality ← life. reach ← hand. |
| Isa 57:11 | וְאֶת־מִ֞י דָּאַ֤גְתְּ וַתִּֽירְאִי֙ כִּ֣י תְכַזֵּ֔בִי וְאוֹתִי֙ לֹ֣א זָכַ֔רְתְּ לֹא־שַׂ֖מְתְּ עַל־לִבֵּ֑ךְ הֲלֹ֨א אֲנִ֤י מַחְשֶׁה֙ וּמֵ֣עֹלָ֔ם וְאוֹתִ֖י לֹ֥א תִירָֽאִי׃ |
And about whom have you been anxious, And whom do you fear? For you are dealing dishonestly, And you have not remembered me; You have not laid it to your heart. Have I not been silent ever since age-old time, While you have not been fearing me? |
while: temporal use of the vav. |
| Isa 57:12 | אֲנִ֥י אַגִּ֖יד צִדְקָתֵ֑ךְ וְאֶֽת־מַעֲשַׂ֖יִךְ וְלֹ֥א יוֹעִילֽוּךְ׃ |
I can tell of your righteousness And your works, But they will not profit you. |
|
| Isa 57:13 | בְּזַֽעֲקֵךְ֙ יַצִּילֻ֣ךְ קִבּוּצַ֔יִךְ וְאֶת־כֻּלָּ֥ם יִשָּׂא־ר֖וּחַ יִקַּח־הָ֑בֶל וְהַחוֹסֶ֥ה בִי֙ יִנְחַל־אֶ֔רֶץ וְיִירַ֖שׁ הַר־קָדְשִֽׁי׃ |
When you cry out, Let your troops deliver you, But the wind will carry them all away – A puff of breath will take them away. But he who trusts in me Will inherit the land And will come into possession Of my holy mountain. |
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 57:14 | וְאָמַ֥ר סֹֽלּוּ־סֹ֖לּוּ פַּנּוּ־דָ֑רֶךְ הָרִ֥ימוּ מִכְשׁ֖וֹל מִדֶּ֥רֶךְ עַמִּֽי׃ ס |
And he will say, ‘Raise an embankment, raise an embankment, Clear a way; Remove any obstacle From my people's road.’ |
|
| Isa 57:15 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר רָ֣ם וְנִשָּׂ֗א שֹׁכֵ֥ן עַד֙ וְקָד֣וֹשׁ שְׁמ֔וֹ מָר֥וֹם וְקָד֖וֹשׁ אֶשְׁכּ֑וֹן וְאֶת־דַּכָּא֙ וּשְׁפַל־ר֔וּחַ לְהַחֲיוֹת֙ ר֣וּחַ שְׁפָלִ֔ים וּֽלְהַחֲי֖וֹת לֵ֥ב נִדְכָּאִֽים׃ |
For this is what the one Who is high and exalted, Who lives permanently, And whose name is holy, Says: I will dwell on high, And holily, And with the contrite and humble in spirit, To revive the spirit of the lowly, And to revitalize the heart Of those ground down. |
this is what ← thus.
holily ← (as a) holy (one). humble in spirit ← humble of spirit. Wider use of the construct state. revive ... revitalize ← revive ... revive. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Isa 57:16 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָם֙ אָרִ֔יב וְלֹ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח אֶקְּצ֑וֹף כִּי־ר֙וּחַ֙ מִלְּפָנַ֣י יַֽעֲט֔וֹף וּנְשָׁמ֖וֹת אֲנִ֥י עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ |
For I will not contend age-abidingly, And I will not be angry in perpetuity, For a spirit could succumb before me, As would living beings Which I have made. |
|
| Isa 57:17 | בַּעֲוֺ֥ן בִּצְע֛וֹ קָצַ֥פְתִּי וְאַכֵּ֖הוּ הַסְתֵּ֣ר וְאֶקְצֹ֑ף וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ שׁוֹבָ֖ב בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
I was angry at the iniquity of his unjust gain, And I struck him. I hide myself and I show anger, But he walks rebelliously In the way of his heart. |
I hide myself: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
rebelliously ← (as a) rebellious (one). |
| Isa 57:18 | דְּרָכָ֥יו רָאִ֖יתִי וְאֶרְפָּאֵ֑הוּ וְאַנְחֵ֕הוּ וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם נִֽחֻמִ֛ים ל֖וֹ וְלַאֲבֵלָֽיו׃ |
I have seen his ways But I will heal him and lead him, And I will restore comfort to him And to those of his company who mourn. |
comfort ← comforts. |
| Isa 57:19 | בּוֹרֵ֖א *נוב **נִ֣יב שְׂפָתָ֑יִם שָׁל֨וֹם ׀ שָׁל֜וֹם לָרָח֧וֹק וְלַקָּר֛וֹב אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה וּרְפָאתִֽיו׃ |
I create the fruit of the lips: Peace, peace to him who is far off And to him who is near, Says the Lord, And I will heal him. |
the fruit: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Eph 2:17. |
| Isa 57:20 | וְהָרְשָׁעִ֖ים כַּיָּ֣ם נִגְרָ֑שׁ כִּ֤י הַשְׁקֵט֙ לֹ֣א יוּכָ֔ל וַיִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ מֵימָ֖יו רֶ֥פֶשׁ וָטִֽיט׃ |
But the wicked are like a raging sea, For it cannot be calm, And its waters cast up mud and mire. |
|
| Isa 57:21 | אֵ֣ין שָׁל֔וֹם אָמַ֥ר אֱלֹהַ֖י לָרְשָׁעִֽים׃ ס |
There is no peace”, Says my God, “For the wicked.” |
|
| Isa 58:1 | קְרָ֤א בְגָרוֹן֙ אַל־תַּחְשֹׂ֔ךְ כַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר הָרֵ֣ם קוֹלֶ֑ךָ וְהַגֵּ֤ד לְעַמִּי֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔ם וּלְבֵ֥ית יַעֲקֹ֖ב חַטֹּאתָֽם׃ |
“Call out at the top of your voice, Do not hold back, Raise your voice like the ramshorn, And tell my people their transgression, And the house of Jacob their sins, |
at the top of your voice ← in the throat. |
| Isa 58:2 | וְאוֹתִ֗י י֥וֹם יוֹם֙ יִדְרֹשׁ֔וּן וְדַ֥עַת דְּרָכַ֖י יֶחְפָּצ֑וּן כְּג֞וֹי אֲשֶׁר־צְדָקָ֣ה עָשָׂ֗ה וּמִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֱלֹהָיו֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔ב יִשְׁאָל֙וּנִי֙ מִשְׁפְּטֵי־צֶ֔דֶק קִרְבַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים יֶחְפָּצֽוּן׃ |
So that they seek me daily, And delight in knowledge of my ways, Like a nation which acts righteously, And does not forsake the justice of their God, So that they ask for righteous judgments, And delight in drawing near to God. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
acts righteously ← does righteousness. their God ← its (the nation's) God. righteous judgments ← judgments of righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 58:3 | לָ֤מָּה צַּ֙מְנוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א רָאִ֔יתָ עִנִּ֥ינוּ נַפְשֵׁ֖נוּ וְלֹ֣א תֵדָ֑ע הֵ֣ן בְּי֤וֹם צֹֽמְכֶם֙ תִּמְצְאוּ־חֵ֔פֶץ וְכָל־עַצְּבֵיכֶ֖ם תִּנְגֹּֽשׂוּ׃ |
‘Why have we fasted, But you have not seen it? We have afflicted ourselves, But you have not been aware of it.’ It is because on the day when you fast, You take pleasure, And you act as an oppressor In all the labour you impose. |
ourselves ← our souls.
it is because ← behold. take pleasure ← find pleasure. the labour you impose ← your labours, here causative. |
| Isa 58:4 | הֵ֣ן לְרִ֤יב וּמַצָּה֙ תָּצ֔וּמוּ וּלְהַכּ֖וֹת בְּאֶגְרֹ֣ף רֶ֑שַׁע לֹא־תָצ֣וּמוּ כַיּ֔וֹם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יעַ בַּמָּר֖וֹם קוֹלְכֶֽם׃ |
It is because you fast in contention and quarrel, And with striking with a wicked fist. You cannot fast as you do today In order to make your voice heard on high. |
it is because ← behold.
with striking: gerundial use of the infinitive. wicked fist ← fist of wickedness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 58:5 | הֲכָזֶ֗ה יִֽהְיֶה֙ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵ֔הוּ י֛וֹם עַנּ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם נַפְשׁ֑וֹ הֲלָכֹ֨ף כְּאַגְמֹ֜ן רֹאשׁ֗וֹ וְשַׂ֤ק וָאֵ֙פֶר֙ יַצִּ֔יעַ הֲלָזֶה֙ תִּקְרָא־צ֔וֹם וְי֥וֹם רָצ֖וֹן לַיהוָֽה׃ |
Do I approve of a fast like this? A day when a man afflicts himself? Is it to bend the head down like a bulrush, And to spread sackcloth and ashes? Is it for that that you call a fast And a day of delight for the Lord? |
approve of ← choose.
himself ← his soul. |
| Isa 58:6 | הֲל֣וֹא זֶה֮ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ֒ פַּתֵּ֙חַ֙ חַרְצֻבּ֣וֹת רֶ֔שַׁע הַתֵּ֖ר אֲגֻדּ֣וֹת מוֹטָ֑ה וְשַׁלַּ֤ח רְצוּצִים֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים וְכָל־מוֹטָ֖ה תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃ |
Is not this the fast that I approve of: To loosen tight bonds of wickedness, To unfasten the straps of the yoke, And to send the oppressed away free, And that you detach every yoke? |
Alluded to in Luke 4:18.
I approve of ← I will choose it. oppressed ← crushed, buckled. |
| Isa 58:7 | הֲל֨וֹא פָרֹ֤ס לָֽרָעֵב֙ לַחְמֶ֔ךָ וַעֲנִיִּ֥ים מְרוּדִ֖ים תָּ֣בִיא בָ֑יִת כִּֽי־תִרְאֶ֤ה עָרֹם֙ וְכִסִּית֔וֹ וּמִבְּשָׂרְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִתְעַלָּֽם׃ |
Is it not to distribute your bread to the hungry, And that you bring poor wanderers to a house? – That when you see someone naked, You clothe him, And you do not ignore Those of your own family? |
clothe ← cover.
ignore ← hide yourself from, figuratively ignore, as in Modern Hebrew. family ← flesh. |
| Isa 58:8 | אָ֣ז יִבָּקַ֤ע כַּשַּׁ֙חַר֙ אוֹרֶ֔ךָ וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ֖ מְהֵרָ֣ה תִצְמָ֑ח וְהָלַ֤ךְ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ צִדְקֶ֔ךָ כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה יַאַסְפֶֽךָ׃ |
Then your light will break through like the dawn, And your revitalization will spring up speedily, And your righteousness will go before you, And the glory of the Lord, Will gather you up. |
break through ← be broken through. |
| Isa 58:9 | אָ֤ז תִּקְרָא֙ וַיהוָ֣ה יַעֲנֶ֔ה תְּשַׁוַּ֖ע וְיֹאמַ֣ר הִנֵּ֑נִי אִם־תָּסִ֤יר מִתּֽוֹכְךָ֙ מוֹטָ֔ה שְׁלַ֥ח אֶצְבַּ֖ע וְדַבֶּר־אָֽוֶן׃ |
Then you will call out, And the Lord will answer; You will cry out, And he will say, ‘Here I am.’ If you remove the yoke from your company – Pointing the finger And speaking vanity – |
here I am ← behold me.
company ← midst. pointing ← sending, casting. |
| Isa 58:10 | וְתָפֵ֤ק לָֽרָעֵב֙ נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ נַעֲנָ֖ה תַּשְׂבִּ֑יעַ וְזָרַ֤ח בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ אוֹרֶ֔ךָ וַאֲפֵלָתְךָ֖ כַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ |
And stir yourself for the hungry, And satisfy an afflicted person, Then your light will arise in the dark, And what was your gloom Will become like midday light. |
yourself ← your soul.
person ← soul. |
| Isa 58:11 | וְנָחֲךָ֣ יְהוָה֮ תָּמִיד֒ וְהִשְׂבִּ֤יעַ בְּצַחְצָחוֹת֙ נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ וְעַצְמֹתֶ֖יךָ יַחֲלִ֑יץ וְהָיִ֙יתָ֙ כְּגַ֣ן רָוֶ֔ה וּכְמוֹצָ֣א מַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יְכַזְּב֖וּ מֵימָֽיו׃ |
And the Lord will always lead you, And he will satisfy your appetite in dry places, And make your joints pliant, And you will become like a well-watered garden, And like a fount of water Whose water does not fail. |
John 7:38 (allusion).
appetite ← soul. joints pliant: or bones strong. fail ← deceive. |
| Isa 58:12 | וּבָנ֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ חָרְב֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם מוֹסְדֵ֥י דוֹר־וָד֖וֹר תְּקוֹמֵ֑ם וְקֹרָ֤א לְךָ֙ גֹּדֵ֣ר פֶּ֔רֶץ מְשֹׁבֵ֥ב נְתִיב֖וֹת לָשָֽׁבֶת׃ |
And those to issue from you Will rebuild the age-old desolate places; You will re-establish the foundations of generation upon generation, And you will be called The Sealer of the Breach – The Restorer of Paths to Inhabit. |
rebuild ← build.
re-establish ← establish. sealer ← fencer / wall builder. |
| Isa 58:13 | אִם־תָּשִׁ֤יב מִשַּׁבָּת֙ רַגְלֶ֔ךָ עֲשׂ֥וֹת חֲפָצֶ֖יךָ בְּי֣וֹם קָדְשִׁ֑י וְקָרָ֨אתָ לַשַּׁבָּ֜ת עֹ֗נֶג לִקְד֤וֹשׁ יְהוָה֙ מְכֻבָּ֔ד וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ֙ מֵעֲשׂ֣וֹת דְּרָכֶ֔יךָ מִמְּצ֥וֹא חֶפְצְךָ֖ וְדַבֵּ֥ר דָּבָֽר׃ |
If you restrain yourself from trampling on the Sabbath, From indulging your desires on my holy day, And you call the Sabbath, Delight, The Holy Occasion of the Lord, And Honourable, And you honour it By not indulging your own ways, By not finding your own entertainment Or speaking your own words, |
restrain yourself from trampling on ← turn your foot from.
indulging (2x) ← doing. my holy day ← the day of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. it: masculine, agreeing with holy day, or Sabbath which can be masculine. Or, him. by not indulging ... by not finding: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Isa 58:14 | אָ֗ז תִּתְעַנַּג֙ עַל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהִרְכַּבְתִּ֖יךָ עַל־בָּ֣מֳותֵי אָ֑רֶץ וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֗יךָ נַחֲלַת֙ יַעֲקֹ֣ב אָבִ֔יךָ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
Then you will be delighted with the Lord, And I will make you ride on the high places of the land, And I will feed you With the inheritance of Jacob your father, For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” |
|
| Isa 59:1 | הֵ֛ן לֹֽא־קָצְרָ֥ה יַד־יְהוָ֖ה מֵֽהוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְלֹא־כָבְדָ֥ה אָזְנ֖וֹ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃ |
Behold, the arm of the Lord Is not too short to save, Nor is his ear Too dull to hear. |
|
| Isa 59:2 | כִּ֤י אִם־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ הָי֣וּ מַבְדִּלִ֔ים בֵּינֵכֶ֕ם לְבֵ֖ין אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם וְחַטֹּֽאותֵיכֶ֗ם הִסְתִּ֧ירוּ פָנִ֛ים מִכֶּ֖ם מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃ |
For your iniquities were separating you From your God, And your sins made him hide his face from you So as not to hear. |
made him hide ← hid, but with an extra causative layer here. |
| Isa 59:3 | כִּ֤י כַפֵּיכֶם֙ נְגֹאֲל֣וּ בַדָּ֔ם וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בֶּֽעָוֺ֑ן שִׂפְתֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ דִּבְּרוּ־שֶׁ֔קֶר לְשׁוֹנְכֶ֖ם עַוְלָ֥ה תֶהְגֶּֽה׃ |
For your hands are stained with blood, And your fingers with iniquity. Your lips have spoken lies, And your tongue has uttered injustice. |
hands ← palms. |
| Isa 59:4 | אֵין־קֹרֵ֣א בְצֶ֔דֶק וְאֵ֥ין נִשְׁפָּ֖ט בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑ה בָּט֤וֹחַ עַל־תֹּ֙הוּ֙ וְדַבֶּר־שָׁ֔וְא הָר֥וֹ עָמָ֖ל וְהוֹלֵ֥יד אָֽוֶן׃ |
There is no-one giving verdicts in righteousness, And no-one is judged faithfully, As they trust in a vain thing, And speak lies, Engendering sorrow And conceiving iniquity. |
The verse contains 4 infinitives absolute in the role of a finite verb.
giving verdicts in righteousness ← calling in justice. lies ← falsity. engendering ... conceiving ← conceiving ... engendering. Compare Job 15:35. |
| Isa 59:5 | בֵּיצֵ֤י צִפְעוֹנִי֙ בִּקֵּ֔עוּ וְקוּרֵ֥י עַכָּבִ֖ישׁ יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּ הָאֹכֵ֤ל מִבֵּֽיצֵיהֶם֙ יָמ֔וּת וְהַזּוּרֶ֖ה תִּבָּקַ֥ע אֶפְעֶֽה׃ |
They hatch the eggs of a viper, And weave a spider's web. He who eats their eggs will die, And if one is cracked open, A viper emerges. |
web ← threads, but of the kind a web is made from.
cracked ← squeezed. emerges ← is hatched. |
| Isa 59:6 | קֽוּרֵיהֶם֙ לֹא־יִהְי֣וּ לְבֶ֔גֶד וְלֹ֥א יִתְכַּסּ֖וּ בְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂי־אָ֔וֶן וּפֹ֥עַל חָמָ֖ס בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃ |
Their webs will not become a garment, And they will not cover themselves with their deeds. Their deeds are vain deeds, And a violent act is on their hands. |
webs: see Isa 59:5.
vain deeds ... violent act ← deeds of vanity ... act of violence, Hebraic genitives. |
| Isa 59:7 | רַגְלֵיהֶם֙ לָרַ֣ע יָרֻ֔צוּ וִֽימַהֲר֔וּ לִשְׁפֹּ֖ךְ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֔וֶן שֹׁ֥ד וָשֶׁ֖בֶר בִּמְסִלּוֹתָֽם׃ |
Their feet run to evil, And they are quick to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are vain thoughts; Oppression and wreckage Are in their ways. |
Rom 3:15, Rom 3:16.
vain thoughts ← thoughts of vanity. |
| Isa 59:8 | דֶּ֤רֶךְ שָׁלוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁפָּ֖ט בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָ֑ם נְתִיבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ עִקְּשׁ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל דֹּרֵ֣ךְ בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א יָדַ֖ע שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
They have not known the way of peace, And there is no justice in their paths. They have made a perverse course for themselves; No-one who follows it Will know peace. |
Rom 3:17.
course ← trodden path. follows ← treads in. |
| Isa 59:9 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן רָחַ֤ק מִשְׁפָּט֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תַשִּׂיגֵ֖נוּ צְדָקָ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לָאוֹר֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לִנְגֹה֖וֹת בָּאֲפֵל֥וֹת נְהַלֵּֽךְ׃ |
That is why justice is far from us, And righteousness has not reached us. We await light, But what we get is darkness. We await shining brightness, But walk in obscurity. |
what we get is ← behold. |
| Isa 59:10 | נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה כַֽעִוְרִים֙ קִ֔יר וּכְאֵ֥ין עֵינַ֖יִם נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ בַֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁף בָּאַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים כַּמֵּתִֽים׃ |
We feel for a wall like the blind, And we grope like one without eyes. We have stumbled at midday as if it were darkness, Well-nourished, But like the dead. |
feel ... grope ← feel ... feel. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. Compare Job 5:14.
well-nourished ← in the fatnesses. AV differs (desolate places). |
| Isa 59:11 | נֶהֱמֶ֤ה כַדֻּבִּים֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים הָגֹ֣ה נֶהְגֶּ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ וָאַ֔יִן לִֽישׁוּעָ֖ה רָחֲקָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
We all growl like bears, And we coo and coo like doves; We await justice, But there is none; We await salvation But it is far from us. |
coo and coo: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 59:12 | כִּֽי־רַבּ֤וּ פְשָׁעֵ֙ינוּ֙ נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָ וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֑נוּ כִּֽי־פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּ יְדַֽעֲנֽוּם׃ |
For our transgressions against you are many, And our sins testify against us, For our transgressions are with us, And we know our iniquities, |
we know ← we know them. |
| Isa 59:13 | פָּשֹׁ֤עַ וְכַחֵשׁ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְנָס֖וֹג מֵאַחַ֣ר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ דַּבֶּר־עֹ֣שֶׁק וְסָרָ֔ה הֹר֧וֹ וְהֹג֛וֹ מִלֵּ֖ב דִּבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
In transgressing and acting deceitfully with the Lord, And in sliding away from our God; In speaking extortion and apostasy, And in conceiving and devising false words From the heart. |
in transgressing and acting deceitfully ... in sliding away from ... in speaking ... in conceiving and devising: all infinitive absolute.
in sliding away from ← in receding from after. false words ← words of falsehood, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 59:14 | וְהֻסַּ֤ג אָחוֹר֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה מֵרָח֣וֹק תַּעֲמֹ֑ד כִּֽי־כָשְׁלָ֤ה בָֽרְחוֹב֙ אֱמֶ֔ת וּנְכֹחָ֖ה לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל לָבֽוֹא׃ |
And justice has been driven back, And righteousness stands at a distance, For truth has stumbled in the street, And straightforwardness is unable to come. |
|
| Isa 59:15 | וַתְּהִ֤י הָֽאֱמֶת֙ נֶעְדֶּ֔רֶת וְסָ֥ר מֵרָ֖ע מִשְׁתּוֹלֵ֑ל וַיַּ֧רְא יְהוָ֛ה וַיֵּ֥רַע בְּעֵינָ֖יו כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
And truth has become lacking, And he who departs from evil becomes a prey, And the Lord has seen it, And it is evil in his eyes, For there is no justice. |
|
| Isa 59:16 | וַיַּרְא֙ כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין מַפְגִּ֑יעַ וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁע לוֹ֙ זְרֹע֔וֹ וְצִדְקָת֖וֹ הִ֥יא סְמָכָֽתְהוּ׃ |
And he has seen that there is no man, And he is astonished that there is no-one pleading the case. But his arm has brought about salvation for him, And it is his righteousness which has supported him. |
|
| Isa 59:17 | וַיִּלְבַּ֤שׁ צְדָקָה֙ כַּשִּׁרְיָ֔ן וְכ֥וֹבַע יְשׁוּעָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּלְבַּ֞שׁ בִּגְדֵ֤י נָקָם֙ תִּלְבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיַּ֥עַט כַּמְעִ֖יל קִנְאָֽה׃ |
For he wore righteousness as armour, And he had a helmet of salvation on his head, And he wore garments of vengeance as his clothing, And he wrapped himself in zeal as a coat. |
Eph 6:17. |
| Isa 59:18 | כְּעַ֤ל גְּמֻלוֹת֙ כְּעַ֣ל יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם חֵמָ֣ה לְצָרָ֔יו גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו לָאִיִּ֖ים גְּמ֥וּל יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
As it is with retribution, So he will repay fury to his adversaries – Retribution to his enemies. He will repay retribution to the coastlands. |
retribution ← retributions. AV differs somewhat (their deeds).
coastlands: or islands. |
| Isa 59:19 | וְיִֽירְא֤וּ מִֽמַּעֲרָב֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וּמִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־כְּבוֹד֑וֹ כִּֽי־יָב֤וֹא כַנָּהָר֙ צָ֔ר ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה נֹ֥סְסָה בֽוֹ׃ |
And they will fear the name of the Lord in the west, And his glory in the east. When the adversary comes like a river, The spirit of the Lord will put him to flight. |
east ← rising of the sun.
put him to flight: polel of נוּס. AV differs (lift up a standard, from root נָסַס). |
| Isa 59:20 | וּבָ֤א לְצִיּוֹן֙ גּוֹאֵ֔ל וּלְשָׁבֵ֥י פֶ֖שַׁע בְּיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
“And the redeemer will come to Zion, And to those among Jacob Who are to turn away from transgression”, Says the Lord. |
Rom 11:26. |
| Isa 59:21 | וַאֲנִ֗י זֹ֣את בְּרִיתִ֤י אוֹתָם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה רוּחִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֔יךָ וּדְבָרַ֖י אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְּפִ֑יךָ לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁוּ מִפִּיךָ֩ וּמִפִּ֨י זַרְעֲךָ֜ וּמִפִּ֨י זֶ֤רַע זַרְעֲךָ֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַתָּ֖ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ ס |
“And as for me, This is my covenant with them, Says the Lord: My spirit which is upon you, And my words which I have put in your mouth Will not depart from your mouth, Or from the mouth of your seed, Or from the mouth of your seed's seed, Says the Lord, From now and age-abidingly.” |
Rom 11:27. |
| Isa 60:1 | ק֥וּמִי א֖וֹרִי כִּ֣י בָ֣א אוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה עָלַ֥יִךְ זָרָֽח׃ |
“Arise, shine, For your light has come, And the glory of the Lord has risen over you. |
Alluded to in Eph 5:14. |
| Isa 60:2 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ יְכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֑ים וְעָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יִזְרַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וּכְבוֹד֖וֹ עָלַ֥יִךְ יֵרָאֶֽה׃ |
For behold, Darkness will cover the earth, And thick clouds the various peoples, But over you the Lord will rise, And his glory will be seen upon you. |
Alluded to in Eph 5:14.
darkness ← the darkness. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 60:3 | וְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃ |
And Gentiles will go to your light, And kings to your bright rising. |
Rev 21:24.
your bright rising ← the brightness of your rising. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Dan 11:20. |
| Isa 60:4 | שְׂאִֽי־סָבִ֤יב עֵינַ֙יִךְ֙ וּרְאִ֔י כֻּלָּ֖ם נִקְבְּצ֣וּ בָֽאוּ־לָ֑ךְ בָּנַ֙יִךְ֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ וּבְנֹתַ֖יִךְ עַל־צַ֥ד תֵּאָמַֽנָה׃ |
Lift up your eyes round about and see: They have all gathered And have come to you. Your sons will come from afar, And your daughters will be carried alongside. |
gathered: or been gathered.
alongside ← on a side. |
| Isa 60:5 | אָ֤ז תִּרְאִי֙ וְנָהַ֔רְתְּ וּפָחַ֥ד וְרָחַ֖ב לְבָבֵ֑ךְ כִּֽי־יֵהָפֵ֤ךְ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ הֲמ֣וֹן יָ֔ם חֵ֥יל גּוֹיִ֖ם יָבֹ֥אוּ לָֽךְ׃ |
Then you will see and be bright, And your heart will be moved and open wide, For the mass of seafarers will turn to you, And a host of Gentiles will come to you. |
be bright: or flow, as in Isa 2:2 (flock).
be moved: or fear, but also of agitation with wonder and joy, [AnLx]. |
| Isa 60:6 | שִֽׁפְעַ֨ת גְּמַלִּ֜ים תְּכַסֵּ֗ךְ בִּכְרֵ֤י מִדְיָן֙ וְעֵיפָ֔ה כֻּלָּ֖ם מִשְּׁבָ֣א יָבֹ֑אוּ זָהָ֤ב וּלְבוֹנָה֙ יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּתְהִלֹּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה יְבַשֵּֽׂרוּ׃ |
A great herd of camels will cover you – Young camels from Midian and Ephah. All of those from Sheba will come; They will bear gold and frankincense, And they will proclaim praises of the Lord. |
great herd ← abundance. |
| Isa 60:7 | כָּל־צֹ֤אן קֵדָר֙ יִקָּ֣בְצוּ לָ֔ךְ אֵילֵ֥י נְבָי֖וֹת יְשָׁרְת֑וּנֶךְ יַעֲל֤וּ עַל־רָצוֹן֙ מִזְבְּחִ֔י וּבֵ֥ית תִּפְאַרְתִּ֖י אֲפָאֵֽר׃ |
All the small cattle of Kedar will be gathered to you; The rams of Nebaioth will serve you. They will go up in acceptance onto my altar, And I will adorn my magnificent house. |
Nebaioth: see Gen 25:13.
my magnificent house ← the house of my magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 60:8 | מִי־אֵ֖לֶּה כָּעָ֣ב תְּעוּפֶ֑ינָה וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים אֶל־אֲרֻבֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Who are these who fly like a cloud, And are like doves flying to their dovecotes? |
these who fly: feminine; [CB] interprets as sailing ships. |
| Isa 60:9 | כִּֽי־לִ֣י ׀ אִיִּ֣ים יְקַוּ֗וּ וָאֳנִיּ֤וֹת תַּרְשִׁישׁ֙ בָּרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה לְהָבִ֤יא בָנַ֙יִךְ֙ מֵֽרָח֔וֹק כַּסְפָּ֥ם וּזְהָבָ֖ם אִתָּ֑ם לְשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ וְלִקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֥י פֵאֲרָֽךְ׃ |
For it is me whom the coastlands await, With the ships of Tarshish in the forefront, To bring your sons from far away, And their silver and their gold with them, For the name of the Lord your God, And for the holy one of Israel, For he will glorify you. |
me: or, if the reader prefers, I.
coastlands: or islands. name ← fame. |
| Isa 60:10 | וּבָנ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־נֵכָר֙ חֹמֹתַ֔יִךְ וּמַלְכֵיהֶ֖ם יְשָׁרְת֑וּנֶךְ כִּ֤י בְקִצְפִּי֙ הִכִּיתִ֔יךְ וּבִרְצוֹנִ֖י רִֽחַמְתִּֽיךְ׃ |
And foreigners will build your walls, And their kings will serve you, For I struck you in my anger, But I will have mercy on you in my goodwill. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 60:11 | וּפִתְּח֨וּ שְׁעָרַ֧יִךְ תָּמִ֛יד יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֖יְלָה לֹ֣א יִסָּגֵ֑רוּ לְהָבִ֤יא אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ חֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמַלְכֵיהֶ֖ם נְהוּגִֽים׃ |
And your gates will always be open; They will not be closed by day or night, So as to allow a host of Gentiles to be brought to you, With their kings being led. |
Rev 21:25.
your gates will always be open ... a host of Gentiles to be brought ← they always open your gates ... to bring a host of Gentiles. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Isa 60:12 | כִּֽי־הַגּ֧וֹי וְהַמַּמְלָכָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יַעַבְד֖וּךְ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ וְהַגּוֹיִ֖ם חָרֹ֥ב יֶחֱרָֽבוּ׃ |
For the nation and the kingdom which will not serve you will perish, And such nations will be utterly wasted. |
will be utterly wasted: infinitive absolute. |
| Isa 60:13 | כְּב֤וֹד הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ אֵלַ֣יִךְ יָב֔וֹא בְּר֛וֹשׁ תִּדְהָ֥ר וּתְאַשּׁ֖וּר יַחְדָּ֑ו לְפָאֵר֙ מְק֣וֹם מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּמְק֥וֹם רַגְלַ֖י אֲכַבֵּֽד׃ |
The glory of Lebanon will come to you – The cypress, the elm and the box tree together – To adorn the place of my sanctuary, And I will glorify the place of my feet. |
place of my feet: i.e. the temple [CB]. |
| Isa 60:14 | וְהָלְכ֨וּ אֵלַ֤יִךְ שְׁח֙וֹחַ֙ בְּנֵ֣י מְעַנַּ֔יִךְ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֛וּ עַל־כַּפּ֥וֹת רַגְלַ֖יִךְ כָּל־מְנַֽאֲצָ֑יִךְ וְקָ֤רְאוּ לָךְ֙ עִ֣יר יְהוָ֔ה צִיּ֖וֹן קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And the sons of those who afflicted you Will go to you in submission, And all those who despised you Will bow down at the soles of your feet, And they will call you the City of the Lord, Zion, the Holy Place of Israel. |
|
| Isa 60:15 | תַּ֧חַת הֱיוֹתֵ֛ךְ עֲזוּבָ֥ה וּשְׂנוּאָ֖ה וְאֵ֣ין עוֹבֵ֑ר וְשַׂמְתִּיךְ֙ לִגְא֣וֹן עוֹלָ֔ם מְשׂ֖וֹשׂ דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
Instead of you being forsaken and hated, With no-one passing through, I will make you the magnificence of the age – A joy for generation upon generation. |
age: or world. |
| Isa 60:16 | וְיָנַקְתְּ֙ חֲלֵ֣ב גּוֹיִ֔ם וְשֹׁ֥ד מְלָכִ֖ים תִּינָ֑קִי וְיָדַ֗עַתְּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ מֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֔ךְ וְגֹאֲלֵ֖ךְ אֲבִ֥יר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
And you will suck the milk of the Gentiles, And you will suck the breast of kings, And you will know that I am the Lord your saviour, And your redeemer – The mighty one of Jacob. |
suck the breast: the expression has obviously become a fixed idiom for obtain riches from, having lost its previous association with nourishment and female gender. This is comparable with words such as the English consider, which has lost its association with ↴ |
| Isa 60:17 | תַּ֣חַת הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אָבִ֣יא זָהָ֗ב וְתַ֤חַת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ אָ֣בִיא כֶ֔סֶף וְתַ֤חַת הָֽעֵצִים֙ נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְתַ֥חַת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י פְקֻדָּתֵךְ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וְנֹגְשַׂ֖יִךְ צְדָקָֽה׃ |
Instead of copper I will bring gold, And instead of iron, I will bring silver, And instead of the wood, copper, And instead of the stones, iron. And I will appoint you peaceable oversight, And your tax gatherers in righteousness. |
↳ astrology (Latin sidus, a constellation), and NT ἑρμηνεύω, to translate, which has lost its connection with Hermes.
tax gatherers: as [CB], with reference to Luke 3:13. The Hebrew commonly means taskmaster, superintendent. |
| Isa 60:18 | לֹא־יִשָּׁמַ֨ע ע֤וֹד חָמָס֙ בְּאַרְצֵ֔ךְ שֹׁ֥ד וָשֶׁ֖בֶר בִּגְבוּלָ֑יִךְ וְקָרָ֤את יְשׁוּעָה֙ חוֹמֹתַ֔יִךְ וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ תְּהִלָּֽה׃ |
Violence will no longer be heard in your land, Nor devastation or ruin within your borders, And you will call your walls, Salvation, And your gates, Praise. |
ruin ← breakage. |
| Isa 60:19 | לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֨ךְ ע֤וֹד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם וּלְנֹ֕גַהּ הַיָּרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֣יר לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָה־לָ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ לְא֣וֹר עוֹלָ֔ם וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ לְתִפְאַרְתֵּֽךְ׃ |
You will no longer have the sun for light by day, And the moon will not illuminate you by shining, But the Lord will be your age-abiding light, And your God will be your majesty. |
Rev 21:23, Rev 22:5. |
| Isa 60:20 | לֹא־יָב֥וֹא עוֹד֙ שִׁמְשֵׁ֔ךְ וִירֵחֵ֖ךְ לֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה יִֽהְיֶה־לָּךְ֙ לְא֣וֹר עוֹלָ֔ם וְשָׁלְמ֖וּ יְמֵ֥י אֶבְלֵֽךְ׃ |
Your sun will no longer set, And your moon will not wane, For the Lord will be your age-abiding light, And the days of your mourning will have been fulfilled. |
wane ← be drawn back. |
| Isa 60:21 | וְעַמֵּךְ֙ כֻּלָּ֣ם צַדִּיקִ֔ים לְעוֹלָ֖ם יִ֣ירְשׁוּ אָ֑רֶץ נֵ֧צֶר *מטעו **מַטָּעַ֛י מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדַ֖י לְהִתְפָּאֵֽר׃ |
And your people will all be righteous. They will inherit the land age-abidingly, As a shoot in {Q: my plantations} [K: his plantation] – The work of my hands for glorification. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
for glorification ← to be glorified. |
| Isa 60:22 | הַקָּטֹן֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָאֶ֔לֶף וְהַצָּעִ֖יר לְג֣וֹי עָצ֑וּם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּעִתָּ֥הּ אֲחִישֶֽׁנָּה׃ ס |
He who is small will become a thousand, And he who is little, a mighty nation. I, the Lord, will hasten it in its time.” |
|
| Isa 61:1 | ר֛וּחַ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה עָלָ֑י יַ֡עַן מָשַׁח֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֹתִ֜י לְבַשֵּׂ֣ר עֲנָוִ֗ים שְׁלָחַ֙נִי֙ לַחֲבֹ֣שׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵ֔ב לִקְרֹ֤א לִשְׁבוּיִם֙ דְּר֔וֹר וְלַאֲסוּרִ֖ים פְּקַח־קֽוֹחַ׃ |
The spirit of my Lord the Lord is upon me, Because the Lord has anointed me To declare good news to the meek. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim freedom to captives, And release to prisoners, |
Luke 4:18, Matt 11:5 (allusion).
release ← opening, i.e. of prison. prisoners ← bound ones. |
| Isa 61:2 | לִקְרֹ֤א שְׁנַת־רָצוֹן֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְי֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם לֵאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְנַחֵ֖ם כָּל־אֲבֵלִֽים׃ |
To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, And the day of vengeance of our God, To comfort all who mourn, |
Luke 4:19, Luke 21:22.
acceptable year ← year of acceptance, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 61:3 | לָשׂ֣וּם ׀ לַאֲבֵלֵ֣י צִיּ֗וֹן לָתֵת֩ לָהֶ֨ם פְּאֵ֜ר תַּ֣חַת אֵ֗פֶר שֶׁ֤מֶן שָׂשׂוֹן֙ תַּ֣חַת אֵ֔בֶל מַעֲטֵ֣ה תְהִלָּ֔ה תַּ֖חַת ר֣וּחַ כֵּהָ֑ה וְקֹרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ אֵילֵ֣י הַצֶּ֔דֶק מַטַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לְהִתְפָּאֵֽר׃ |
To re-appoint the mourners of Zion, To give them a turban instead of ashes, Oil of gladness instead of mourning – A mantle of praise instead of a melancholic spirit. And they will be called oaks of righteousness – The Lord's plantation for glorification. |
re-appoint ← appoint, i.e. to appoint them to something joyful. For other re- words, see Isa 61:4.
melancholic ← dull. |
| Isa 61:4 | וּבָנוּ֙ חָרְב֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם שֹׁמְמ֥וֹת רִֽאשֹׁנִ֖ים יְקוֹמֵ֑מוּ וְחִדְּשׁוּ֙ עָ֣רֵי חֹ֔רֶב שֹׁמְמ֖וֹת דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
And they will rebuild the age-old desolate places, And they will re-establish the first devastations And renew the desolate cities – The desolations which were of generation after generation. |
rebuild ... re-establish ← build ... establish.
desolate cities ← cities of desolation, a Hebraic genitive. generation after generation ← generation and generation. |
| Isa 61:5 | וְעָמְד֣וּ זָרִ֔ים וְרָע֖וּ צֹאנְכֶ֑ם וּבְנֵ֣י נֵכָ֔ר אִכָּרֵיכֶ֖ם וְכֹרְמֵיכֶֽם׃ |
And strangers will stand in service And tend your sheep, And foreigners will be your farmers And your vinedressers, |
|
| Isa 61:6 | וְאַתֶּ֗ם כֹּהֲנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ תִּקָּרֵ֔אוּ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ יֵאָמֵ֖ר לָכֶ֑ם חֵ֤יל גּוֹיִם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ וּבִכְבוֹדָ֖ם תִּתְיַמָּֽרוּ׃ |
Whereas you will be called priests of the Lord – You will be spoken of as the servants of our God. You will eat from the resources of the Gentiles, And you will obtain their glory by way of exchange. |
Rev 1:6, Rev 5:10, Rev 20:6.
resources ← forces. obtain their glory by way of exchange: AV differs (shall ye boast yourselves), perhaps from the Vulgate (superbietis). |
| Isa 61:7 | תַּ֤חַת בָּשְׁתְּכֶם֙ מִשְׁנֶ֔ה וּכְלִמָּ֖ה יָרֹ֣נּוּ חֶלְקָ֑ם לָכֵ֤ן בְּאַרְצָם֙ מִשְׁנֶ֣ה יִירָ֔שׁוּ שִׂמְחַ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶֽם׃ |
Instead of your shame will be a double portion, And instead of ignominy, They will rejoice over their lot, Which is why they will inherit double in their land, And they will have age-abiding joy. |
portion: [CB], of honour. |
| Isa 61:8 | כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֹהֵ֣ב מִשְׁפָּ֔ט שֹׂנֵ֥א גָזֵ֖ל בְּעוֹלָ֑ה וְנָתַתִּ֤י פְעֻלָּתָם֙ בֶּאֱמֶ֔ת וּבְרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם אֶכְר֥וֹת לָהֶֽם׃ |
For I, the Lord, love justice; I hate robbery at the burnt offering. But I will make their deeds truthful, And I will make an age-abiding covenant for them. |
truthful ← in truth.
make an age-abiding covenant ← cut an age-abiding covenant. |
| Isa 61:9 | וְנוֹדַ֤ע בַּגּוֹיִם֙ זַרְעָ֔ם וְצֶאֱצָאֵיהֶ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעַמִּ֑ים כָּל־רֹֽאֵיהֶם֙ יַכִּיר֔וּם כִּ֛י הֵ֥ם זֶ֖רַע בֵּרַ֥ךְ יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And their seed will be known among the Gentiles, And their descendants among the various peoples. All who see them will acknowledge them, For they are the seed Which the Lord has blessed. |
|
| Isa 61:10 | שׂ֧וֹשׂ אָשִׂ֣ישׂ בַּֽיהוָ֗ה תָּגֵ֤ל נַפְשִׁי֙ בֵּֽאלֹהַ֔י כִּ֤י הִלְבִּישַׁ֙נִי֙ בִּגְדֵי־יֶ֔שַׁע מְעִ֥יל צְדָקָ֖ה יְעָטָ֑נִי כֶּֽחָתָן֙ יְכַהֵ֣ן פְּאֵ֔ר וְכַכַּלָּ֖ה תַּעְדֶּ֥ה כֵלֶֽיהָ׃ |
I will greatly rejoice in the Lord; My being will be glad in my God, For he will have clothed me in garments of salvation. He will have wrapped me in a mantle of righteousness, As a bridegroom decks himself out with a turban, And the bride adorns herself with her ornaments. |
greatly rejoice: infinitive absolute.
being ← soul. |
| Isa 61:11 | כִּ֤י כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ תּוֹצִ֣יא צִמְחָ֔הּ וּכְגַנָּ֖ה זֵרוּעֶ֣יהָ תַצְמִ֑יחַ כֵּ֣ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה יַצְמִ֤יחַ צְדָקָה֙ וּתְהִלָּ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
For as the earth produces its vegetation, And as a garden gives growth to what is sown in it, So my Lord the Lord Will give growth to righteousness And praise before all the nations. |
what is sown in it ← its sowings. |
| Isa 62:1 | לְמַ֤עַן צִיּוֹן֙ לֹ֣א אֶחֱשֶׁ֔ה וּלְמַ֥עַן יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לֹ֣א אֶשְׁק֑וֹט עַד־יֵצֵ֤א כַנֹּ֙גַהּ֙ צִדְקָ֔הּ וִישׁוּעָתָ֖הּ כְּלַפִּ֥יד יִבְעָֽר׃ |
For the sake of Zion, I will not be silent, And for the sake of Jerusalem I will not be quiet, Until its righteousness goes forth Like a brilliance, And its salvation Like a blazing torch. |
a blazing torch ← a torch (which) blazes. |
| Isa 62:2 | וְרָא֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ צִדְקֵ֔ךְ וְכָל־מְלָכִ֖ים כְּבוֹדֵ֑ךְ וְקֹ֤רָא לָךְ֙ שֵׁ֣ם חָדָ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִקֳּבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
And the nations will see your righteousness, And all kings your glory, And you will be called by a new name Which the mouth of the Lord will specify. |
|
| Isa 62:3 | וְהָיִ֛יתְ עֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת בְּיַד־יְהוָ֑ה *וצנוף **וּצְנִ֥יף מְלוּכָ֖ה בְּכַף־אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
And you will be a crown of splendour In the Lord's hand, And a royal turban In the hand of your God. |
turban: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning (a vav / yod issue).
royal turban ← turban of royalty, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 62:4 | לֹֽא־יֵאָמֵר֩ לָ֨ךְ ע֜וֹד עֲזוּבָ֗ה וּלְאַרְצֵךְ֙ לֹא־יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה כִּ֣י לָ֗ךְ יִקָּרֵא֙ חֶפְצִי־בָ֔הּ וּלְאַרְצֵ֖ךְ בְּעוּלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חָפֵ֤ץ יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְאַרְצֵ֖ךְ תִּבָּעֵֽל׃ |
You will no longer be said to be forsaken, And your land will no longer be said to be a desolation, For you will be called Hephzi-Bah, And your land, Beulah, When the Lord delights in you, And when your land is married. |
Hephzi-Bah: i.e. my delight in it.
Beulah: i.e. married. |
| Isa 62:5 | כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֤ל בָּחוּר֙ בְּתוּלָ֔ה יִבְעָל֖וּךְ בָּנָ֑יִךְ וּמְשׂ֤וֹשׂ חָתָן֙ עַל־כַּלָּ֔ה יָשִׂ֥ישׂ עָלַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ |
For as a young man marries a virgin, So your sons will marry you, And as is the joy of the bridegroom over his bride, So your God will rejoice over you. |
|
| Isa 62:6 | עַל־חוֹמֹתַ֣יִךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הִפְקַ֙דְתִּי֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֧וֹם וְכָל־הַלַּ֛יְלָה תָּמִ֖יד לֹ֣א יֶחֱשׁ֑וּ הַמַּזְכִּרִים֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה אַל־דֳּמִ֖י לָכֶֽם׃ |
I will appoint watchmen on your walls All day and all night constantly, O Jerusalem; They will not be silent. You who make mention of the Lord, Do not keep silence. |
do not keep silence ← let (there) not (be) silence in you. |
| Isa 62:7 | וְאַֽל־תִּתְּנ֥וּ דֳמִ֖י ל֑וֹ עַד־יְכוֹנֵ֞ן וְעַד־יָשִׂ֧ים אֶת־יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֛ם תְּהִלָּ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And do not present him with silence Until he has established and appointed Jerusalem a praise on the earth. |
|
| Isa 62:8 | נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה בִּֽימִינ֖וֹ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ עֻזּ֑וֹ אִם־אֶתֵּן֩ אֶת־דְּגָנֵ֨ךְ ע֤וֹד מַֽאֲכָל֙ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ וְאִם־יִשְׁתּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־נֵכָר֙ תִּֽירוֹשֵׁ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגַ֖עַתְּ בּֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord has sworn by his right hand, And by his strong arm, “I will certainly not give your corn As food to your enemies any more, And foreigners certainly will not drink your new wine Which you have toiled over. |
his strong arm ← the arm of his strength, a Hebraic genitive.
I will certainly not give ... certainly will not drink: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Isa 62:9 | כִּ֤י מְאַסְפָיו֙ יֹאכְלֻ֔הוּ וְהִֽלְל֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וּֽמְקַבְּצָ֥יו יִשְׁתֻּ֖הוּ בְּחַצְר֥וֹת קָדְשִֽׁי׃ ס |
For those who gather it in Will eat it, And they will praise the Lord, And those who collect it Will drink it, In my holy courtyards.” |
my holy courtyards ← the courtyards of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 62:10 | עִבְר֤וּ עִבְרוּ֙ בַּשְּׁעָרִ֔ים פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הָעָ֑ם סֹ֣לּוּ סֹ֤לּוּ הַֽמְסִלָּה֙ סַקְּל֣וּ מֵאֶ֔בֶן הָרִ֥ימוּ נֵ֖ס עַל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ |
Pass through, pass through the gates; Prepare a way for the people. Raise up, raise up a highway, Clear it of stones; Raise a banner For the sake of the various peoples. |
a highway ← the highway. |
| Isa 62:11 | הִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הִשְׁמִ֙יעַ֙ אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ אִמְרוּ֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִנֵּ֥ה יִשְׁעֵ֖ךְ בָּ֑א הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרוֹ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹ לְפָנָֽיו׃ |
Behold, the Lord has made a proclamation To the end of the earth: “Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold, your salvation is coming; Behold, his reward is with him, And his recompense for his work is before him.’ ” |
|
| Isa 62:12 | וְקָרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם עַם־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ גְּאוּלֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלָךְ֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א דְרוּשָׁ֔ה עִ֖יר לֹ֥א נֶעֱזָֽבָה׃ ס |
And they will call them The holy people – The Lord's redeemed. And you will be called Sought After – A city not forsaken. |
the holy people ← the people of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 63:1 | מִי־זֶ֣ה ׀ בָּ֣א מֵאֱד֗וֹם חֲמ֤וּץ בְּגָדִים֙ מִבָּצְרָ֔ה זֶ֚ה הָד֣וּר בִּלְבוּשׁ֔וֹ צֹעֶ֖ה בְּרֹ֣ב כֹּח֑וֹ אֲנִ֛י מְדַבֵּ֥ר בִּצְדָקָ֖ה רַ֥ב לְהוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
Who is this Who has come from Edom, In reddened clothes from Bozrah? – He who is adorned in his attire? He strides in his great might. “It is I who speak in righteousness, Powerful to save.” |
Rev 19:13.
in reddened clothes ← splendid (in scarlet) of clothes, but the root meaning is to be leavened. The colour is explicitly red in Isa 63:2, with juice metaphorically referring to blood. |
| Isa 63:2 | מַדּ֥וּעַ אָדֹ֖ם לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּבְגָדֶ֖יךָ כְּדֹרֵ֥ךְ בְּגַֽת׃ |
Why are your clothes red, And why are your garments Like those of one who treads the wine press? |
treads ← treads in. |
| Isa 63:3 | פּוּרָ֣ה ׀ דָּרַ֣כְתִּי לְבַדִּ֗י וּמֵֽעַמִּים֙ אֵֽין־אִ֣ישׁ אִתִּ֔י וְאֶדְרְכֵ֣ם בְּאַפִּ֔י וְאֶרְמְסֵ֖ם בַּחֲמָתִ֑י וְיֵ֤ז נִצְחָם֙ עַל־בְּגָדַ֔י וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁ֖י אֶגְאָֽלְתִּי׃ |
“I have trodden the wine press on my own, And there was no man from the various peoples with me. And I trod them in my anger, And I trampled on them in my fury, And their juice was spattered on my garments, And I stained all my articles of clothing. |
Rev 14:20, Rev 19:13, Rev 19:15.
I have trodden (etc.): these verses are written from a future perspective, looking back. juice: AV differs (blood), which is the figurative meaning. I stained: in an Aramaic form. |
| Isa 63:4 | כִּ֛י י֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם בְּלִבִּ֑י וּשְׁנַ֥ת גְּאוּלַ֖י בָּֽאָה׃ |
For the day of vengeance is in my heart, And the year of my redeemed has come. |
Luke 21:22. |
| Isa 63:5 | וְאַבִּיט֙ וְאֵ֣ין עֹזֵ֔ר וְאֶשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם וְאֵ֣ין סוֹמֵ֑ךְ וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁע לִי֙ זְרֹעִ֔י וַחֲמָתִ֖י הִ֥יא סְמָכָֽתְנִי׃ |
And I looked, And there was no helper, And I was astonished That there was no-one supporting. But my arm worked salvation for me, And it was my fury Which supported me. |
|
| Isa 63:6 | וְאָב֤וּס עַמִּים֙ בְּאַפִּ֔י וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵ֖ם בַּחֲמָתִ֑י וְאוֹרִ֥יד לָאָ֖רֶץ נִצְחָֽם׃ ס |
And I will trample various peoples in my anger, And I will make them drunk in my fury, And I will bring their juice down to the ground.” |
juice: standing for blood as in Isa 63:3. AV differs somewhat (strength). |
| Isa 63:7 | חַֽסְדֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אַזְכִּיר֙ תְּהִלֹּ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כְּעַ֕ל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־גְּמָלָ֖נוּ יְהוָ֑ה וְרַב־טוּב֙ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־גְּמָלָ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמָ֖יו וּכְרֹ֥ב חֲסָדָֽיו׃ |
I will make mention of the Lord's kindnesses – The Lord's praiseworthy acts – According to everything that the Lord has recompensed us with, And the great goodness towards the house of Israel Which he recompensed them with, According to his mercy And according to his many kind deeds. |
praiseworthy acts ← praises. |
| Isa 63:8 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַךְ־עַמִּ֣י הֵ֔מָּה בָּנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְשַׁקֵּ֑רוּ וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם לְמוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
For he said, “Indeed, they are my people, Sons who will not act falsely.” And he became their saviour. |
sons who will not act falsely: when Jer 33:33 takes place. |
| Isa 63:9 | בְּֽכָל־צָרָתָ֣ם ׀ *לא **ל֣וֹ צָ֗ר וּמַלְאַ֤ךְ פָּנָיו֙ הֽוֹשִׁיעָ֔ם בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ וּבְחֶמְלָת֖וֹ ה֣וּא גְאָלָ֑ם וַֽיְנַטְּלֵ֥ם וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֖ם כָּל־יְמֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
In all their adversity {Q: He suffered adversity} [K: He did not suffer adversity], And the angel of his presence saved them, And in his love and in his compassion He redeemed them And took them up And raised them up, All the days of the age. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8. Our text ← it was {Q: - } [K: not] adverse to him. |
| Isa 63:10 | וְהֵ֛מָּה מָר֥וּ וְעִצְּב֖וּ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ קָדְשׁ֑וֹ וַיֵּהָפֵ֥ךְ לָהֶ֛ם לְאוֹיֵ֖ב ה֥וּא נִלְחַם־בָּֽם׃ |
But they rebelled And grieved his holy spirit, And he turned into their enemy, And he fought against them. |
his holy spirit ← the spirit of his holiness. |
| Isa 63:11 | וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר יְמֵֽי־עוֹלָ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַמּ֑וֹ אַיֵּ֣ה ׀ הַֽמַּעֲלֵ֣ם מִיָּ֗ם אֵ֚ת רֹעֵ֣י צֹאנ֔וֹ אַיֵּ֛ה הַשָּׂ֥ם בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ אֶת־ר֥וּחַ קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
But he remembered the age-old days – Moses and his people – and said, “Where is he who brought them up out of the sea, With the shepherds of his flock? Where is he Who put his holy spirit inside them? |
In this section, the Lord asks rhetorical questions.
his holy spirit ← the spirit of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. inside them ← in his / its inside, a reference to the flock. |
| Isa 63:12 | מוֹלִיךְ֙ לִימִ֣ין מֹשֶׁ֔ה זְר֖וֹעַ תִּפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ בּ֤וֹקֵֽעַ מַ֙יִם֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ שֵׁ֥ם עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Where is he who led them by Moses' right hand, By his magnificent arm, Dividing water in front of them, So making for himself an age-abiding name, |
his magnificent arm ← the arm of his magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. Reference the Lord / the Messiah. |
| Isa 63:13 | מוֹלִיכָ֖ם בַּתְּהֹמ֑וֹת כַּסּ֥וּס בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לֹ֥א יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃ |
As he led them through the depths, Like a horse through the desert, So that they should not flounder?” |
|
| Isa 63:14 | כַּבְּהֵמָה֙ בַּבִּקְעָ֣ה תֵרֵ֔ד ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה תְּנִיחֶ֑נּוּ כֵּ֚ן נִהַ֣גְתָּ עַמְּךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְךָ֖ שֵׁ֥ם תִּפְאָֽרֶת׃ |
As cattle go down into the valley, So the spirit of the Lord settled them down; So you led your people To make for yourself a magnificent name. |
them ← him / it; see Isa 63:11.
a magnificent name ← a name of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 63:15 | הַבֵּ֤ט מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּרְאֵ֔ה מִזְּבֻ֥ל קָדְשְׁךָ֖ וְתִפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ אַיֵּ֤ה קִנְאָֽתְךָ֙ וּגְב֣וּרֹתֶ֔ךָ הֲמ֥וֹן מֵעֶ֛יךָ וְֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ אֵלַ֥י הִתְאַפָּֽקוּ׃ |
Look from heaven, And see from your holy magnificent dwelling place. Where are your zeal and your mighty deeds? Are your many sympathies And your compassion towards me Restrained? |
your holy magnificent dwelling place ← the dwelling place of your holiness and your magnificence, a Hebraic genitive.
sympathies ← bowels. |
| Isa 63:16 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אָבִ֔ינוּ כִּ֤י אַבְרָהָם֙ לֹ֣א יְדָעָ֔נוּ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֣א יַכִּירָ֑נוּ אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אָבִ֔ינוּ גֹּאֲלֵ֥נוּ מֵֽעוֹלָ֖ם שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
For you are our father, For Abraham did not know us, And Israel did not acknowledge us. You, O Lord, are our father, Our redeemer; Your name is age-old. |
|
| Isa 63:17 | לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Why, O Lord, Are you leading us astray from your paths, And why are you hardening our heart from fearing you? Return for the sake of your servants – The tribes of your inheritance. |
fearing you ← fear of you, an objective genitive. |
| Isa 63:18 | לַמִּצְעָ֕ר יָרְשׁ֖וּ עַם־קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ צָרֵ֕ינוּ בּוֹסְס֖וּ מִקְדָּשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
For a while they took possession of your holy people – Our adversaries who trod down your sanctuary. |
took possession: the AV differs as to the subject of this verb.
your holy people ← the people of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 63:19 | הָיִ֗ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ לֹֽא־מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ בָּ֔ם לֹֽא־נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם לוּא־קָרַ֤עְתָּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃ |
We have been from age-old time, But you have not had rule over them. They have not been called after your name. ¶ If only you would split the heavens open And come down, And that mountains would be shaken at your presence. |
¶ Verse division: part of Isa 63:19MT is in Isa 64:1AV.
they have not been called after your name ← your name has not been called over them. Compare James 2:7. |
| Isa 64:1 Isa 64:2AV |
כִּקְדֹ֧חַ אֵ֣שׁ הֲמָסִ֗ים מַ֚יִם תִּבְעֶה־אֵ֔שׁ לְהוֹדִ֥יעַ שִׁמְךָ֖ לְצָרֶ֑יךָ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ גּוֹיִ֥ם יִרְגָּֽזוּ׃ |
As fire burns brushwood, And fire boils water, So it will be In making your name known to your adversaries When the nations tremble at your presence, |
brushwood: AV differs (melting).
in making ... known: gerundial use of the infinitive. tremble: or be overawed. |
| Isa 64:2 Isa 64:3AV |
בַּעֲשׂוֹתְךָ֥ נוֹרָא֖וֹת לֹ֣א נְקַוֶּ֑ה יָרַ֕דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃ |
When you do fearful things Which we do not expect, Such as when you came down, And when mountains were shaken at your presence. |
|
| Isa 64:3 Isa 64:4AV |
וּמֵעוֹלָ֥ם לֹא־שָׁמְע֖וּ לֹ֣א הֶאֱזִ֑ינוּ עַ֣יִן לֹֽא־רָאָ֗תָה אֱלֹהִים֙ זוּלָ֣תְךָ֔ יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לִמְחַכֵּה־לֽוֹ׃ |
For they have never heard, Nor have they given ear, Nor has an eye seen, O God, except you, What he will do For him who awaits him. |
1 Cor 2:9.
never ← not from an age. he will do: standing for you will do. A change of grammatical person from the second person; compare Isa 44:23. |
| Isa 64:4 Isa 64:5AV |
פָּגַ֤עְתָּ אֶת־שָׂשׂ֙ וְעֹ֣שֵׂה צֶ֔דֶק בִּדְרָכֶ֖יךָ יִזְכְּר֑וּךָ הֵן־אַתָּ֤ה קָצַ֙פְתָּ֙ וַֽנֶּחֱטָ֔א בָּהֶ֥ם עוֹלָ֖ם וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ |
You met with him who rejoices And does righteousness; They will remember you by your ways. Look, you have been angry, And we have sinned against them throughout the age, But we will be saved. |
they will remember you: perhaps to avoid the passive, you will be remembered. |
| Isa 64:5 Isa 64:6AV |
וַנְּהִ֤י כַטָּמֵא֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וּכְבֶ֥גֶד עִדִּ֖ים כָּל־צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַנָּ֤בֶל כֶּֽעָלֶה֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֵ֖נוּ כָּר֥וּחַ יִשָּׂאֻֽנוּ׃ |
And we have all been like an unclean thing; All our righteous deeds are like a menstruous cloth, And we have all faded like a leaf, And our iniquities have carried us away like the wind. |
faded: intransitive use of hiphil. |
| Isa 64:6 Isa 64:7AV |
וְאֵין־קוֹרֵ֣א בְשִׁמְךָ֔ מִתְעוֹרֵ֖ר לְהַחֲזִ֣יק בָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־הִסְתַּ֤רְתָּ פָנֶ֙יךָ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וַתְּמוּגֵ֖נוּ בְּיַד־עֲוֺנֵֽנוּ׃ |
And there is no-one calling on your name, Arousing himself to take hold of you, For you have hidden your face from us, And you have caused us to melt On account of our iniquities. |
to melt: the metaphorical sense is to despond.
on account of ← by the hand of. |
| Isa 64:7 Isa 64:8AV |
וְעַתָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אָבִ֣ינוּ אָ֑תָּה אֲנַ֤חְנוּ הַחֹ֙מֶר֙ וְאַתָּ֣ה יֹצְרֵ֔נוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדְךָ֖ כֻּלָּֽנוּ׃ |
And now, O Lord, You are our father; We are the clay, And you are our potter, And we are all the work of your hand. |
|
| Isa 64:8 Isa 64:9AV |
אַל־תִּקְצֹ֤ף יְהוָה֙ עַד־מְאֹ֔ד וְאַל־לָעַ֖ד תִּזְכֹּ֣ר עָוֺ֑ן הֵ֥ן הַבֶּט־נָ֖א עַמְּךָ֥ כֻלָּֽנוּ׃ |
O Lord, Do not be extremely angry, And do not remember iniquity in perpetuity. Behold, do look, We are all your people. |
extremely ← as far as much. |
| Isa 64:9 Isa 64:10AV |
עָרֵ֥י קָדְשְׁךָ֖ הָי֣וּ מִדְבָּ֑ר צִיּוֹן֙ מִדְבָּ֣ר הָיָ֔תָה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם שְׁמָמָֽה׃ |
Your holy cities have become a desert; Zion has become a desert, Jerusalem – a desolation. |
your holy cities ← the cities of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 64:10 Isa 64:11AV |
בֵּ֧ית קָדְשֵׁ֣נוּ וְתִפְאַרְתֵּ֗נוּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִֽלְל֙וּךָ֙ אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ הָיָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵ֣פַת אֵ֑שׁ וְכָל־מַחֲמַדֵּ֖ינוּ הָיָ֥ה לְחָרְבָּֽה׃ |
Our holy and majestic house, In which our fathers praised you, Has become a burnt-out conflagration, And all our delightful objects Have become a desolation. |
our holy and majestic house ← the house of our holiness and our majesty.
a burnt-out conflagration ← a burning of fire. |
| Isa 64:11 Isa 64:12AV |
הַעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה תִתְאַפַּ֖ק יְהוָ֑ה תֶּחֱשֶׁ֥ה וּתְעַנֵּ֖נוּ עַד־מְאֹֽד׃ ס |
Will you restrain yourself Concerning these things, O Lord? Or will you be silent And afflict us in the extreme? |
in the extreme ← as far as much. |
| Isa 65:1 | נִדְרַ֙שְׁתִּי֙ לְל֣וֹא שָׁאָ֔לוּ נִמְצֵ֖אתִי לְלֹ֣א בִקְשֻׁ֑נִי אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי אֶל־גּ֖וֹי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א בִשְׁמִֽי׃ |
“I have been consulted By those who did not ask for me; I have been found By those who did not seek me. I said, ‘Here I am, here I am’ To a nation Which was not called by my name. |
Rom 10:20.
here I am (2x) ← behold me. |
| Isa 65:2 | פֵּרַ֧שְׂתִּי יָדַ֛י כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־עַ֣ם סוֹרֵ֑ר הַהֹלְכִים֙ הַדֶּ֣רֶךְ לֹא־ט֔וֹב אַחַ֖ר מַחְשְׁבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
I have stretched out my hands all day long To a recalcitrant people Who walk in a way which is not good, After their own thoughts. |
Rom 10:21. |
| Isa 65:3 | הָעָ֗ם הַמַּכְעִיסִ֥ים אוֹתִ֛י עַל־פָּנַ֖י תָּמִ֑יד זֹֽבְחִים֙ בַּגַּנּ֔וֹת וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים עַל־הַלְּבֵנִֽים׃ |
A people who provoke me to anger to my face All the time, Sacrificing in the gardens And burning incense on the bricks, |
|
| Isa 65:4 | הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בַּקְּבָרִ֔ים וּבַנְּצוּרִ֖ים יָלִ֑ינוּ הָאֹֽכְלִים֙ בְּשַׂ֣ר הַחֲזִ֔יר *ופרק **וּמְרַ֥ק פִּגֻּלִ֖ים כְּלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Who live in sepulchres And dwell in secret spaces, Who eat pork, And whose pans contain soup made from abominable things, |
soup: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
secret: other meanings of the word are guarded, preserved, blockaded. AV differs somewhat (monuments). |
| Isa 65:5 | הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ קְרַ֣ב אֵלֶ֔יךָ אַל־תִּגַּשׁ־בִּ֖י כִּ֣י קְדַשְׁתִּ֑יךָ אֵ֚לֶּה עָשָׁ֣ן בְּאַפִּ֔י אֵ֥שׁ יֹקֶ֖דֶת כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
Who say, ‘Keep yourself to yourself; Do not approach me, For I am holier than you.’ These things are smoke in my nose – A fire burning all day long. |
keep yourself to yourself ← draw near to yourself. |
| Isa 65:6 | הִנֵּ֥ה כְתוּבָ֖ה לְפָנָ֑י לֹ֤א אֶחֱשֶׂה֙ כִּ֣י אִם־שִׁלַּ֔מְתִּי וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֖י עַל־חֵיקָֽם׃ |
Behold, it is written before me; I will not be silent, But I will repay, And I will repay Into their bosom. |
|
| Isa 65:7 | עֲ֠וֺנֹתֵיכֶם וַעֲוֺנֹ֨ת אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֤ם יַחְדָּו֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ֙ עַל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת חֵרְפ֑וּנִי וּמַדֹּתִ֧י פְעֻלָּתָ֛ם רִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה *על־**אֶל־חֵיקָֽם׃ ס |
As for your iniquities, And the iniquities of your fathers together, Says the Lord – Your fathers who burned incense on the mountains And showed me contempt on the hills – I will mete out their first undertaking Into their bosom.” |
into: the ketiv often has the sense of the qeré. |
| Isa 65:8 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֤א הַתִּירוֹשׁ֙ בָּֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל וְאָמַר֙ אַל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֔הוּ כִּ֥י בְרָכָ֖ה בּ֑וֹ כֵּ֤ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדַ֔י לְבִלְתִּ֖י הַֽשְׁחִ֥ית הַכֹּֽל׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “As the new wine is found in the bunch of grapes, And someone says, ‘Do not ruin it, For there is a blessing in it’, So I will do for the sake of my servants So as not to bring all to ruin. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 65:9 | וְהוֹצֵאתִ֤י מִֽיַּעֲקֹב֙ זֶ֔רַע וּמִיהוּדָ֖ה יוֹרֵ֣שׁ הָרָ֑י וִירֵשׁ֣וּהָ בְחִירַ֔י וַעֲבָדַ֖י יִשְׁכְּנוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ |
And I will bring a seed out of Jacob, And out of Judah an inheritor of my mountains, And my chosen ones will inherit this, And my servants will dwell there. |
this ← it. |
| Isa 65:10 | וְהָיָ֤ה הַשָּׁרוֹן֙ לִנְוֵה־צֹ֔אן וְעֵ֥מֶק עָכ֖וֹר לְרֵ֣בֶץ בָּקָ֑ר לְעַמִּ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר דְּרָשֽׁוּנִי׃ |
And Sharon will be a pasture for sheep, And the Valley of Achor a place for oxen to lie down – For my people who have sought me. |
Sharon ← the Sharon.
pasture: or fold. |
| Isa 65:11 | וְאַתֶּם֙ עֹזְבֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה הַשְּׁכֵחִ֖ים אֶת־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֑י הַֽעֹרְכִ֤ים לַגַּד֙ שֻׁלְחָ֔ן וְהַֽמְמַלְאִ֖ים לַמְנִ֥י מִמְסָֽךְ׃ |
But you are forsakers of the Lord, Who forget my holy mountain, Who prepare a table for Gad, And who fill the vial with spiced wine For Meni, |
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness.
Gad ... Meni ← fortune ... destiny (see next verse). AV differs somewhat (number). |
| Isa 65:12 | וּמָנִ֨יתִי אֶתְכֶ֜ם לַחֶ֗רֶב וְכֻלְּכֶם֙ לַטֶּ֣בַח תִּכְרָ֔עוּ יַ֤עַן קָרָ֙אתִי֙ וְלֹ֣א עֲנִיתֶ֔ם דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וַתַּעֲשׂ֤וּ הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י וּבַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָפַ֖צְתִּי בְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃ פ |
So I will destine you for the sword, And you will all stoop for slaughter, Because I called, But you did not answer; I spoke, But you did not listen, And you did what is evil in my sight, And you chose What I dislike.” |
destine: a play on words with Meni (Isa 65:11). |
| Isa 65:13 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה עֲבָדַ֤י ׀ יֹאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאַתֶּ֣ם תִּרְעָ֔בוּ הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יִשְׁתּ֖וּ וְאַתֶּ֣ם תִּצְמָ֑אוּ הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יִשְׂמָ֖חוּ וְאַתֶּ֥ם תֵּבֹֽשׁוּ׃ |
Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: “Behold, my servants will eat, But you will hunger; Behold, my servants will drink, But you will thirst; Behold, my servants will rejoice, But you will be ashamed. |
this is what ← thus.
but (3x): adversative use of the vav. |
| Isa 65:14 | הִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדַ֛י יָרֹ֖נּוּ מִטּ֣וּב לֵ֑ב וְאַתֶּ֤ם תִּצְעֲקוּ֙ מִכְּאֵ֣ב לֵ֔ב וּמִשֵּׁ֥בֶר ר֖וּחַ תְּיֵלִֽילוּ׃ |
Behold, my servants will be jubilant from a cheerful heart, But you will cry out from a painful heart, And you will wail from a broken spirit. |
a cheerful heart ← cheerfulness of heart.
a painful heart ← painfulness of heart. a broken spirit ← breakage of spirit. |
| Isa 65:15 | וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֨ם שִׁמְכֶ֤ם לִשְׁבוּעָה֙ לִבְחִירַ֔י וֶהֱמִיתְךָ֖ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְלַעֲבָדָ֥יו יִקְרָ֖א שֵׁ֥ם אַחֵֽר׃ |
And you will leave your name As a curse to my chosen ones, And my Lord the Lord will put you to death, And he will call his servants by another name, |
|
| Isa 65:16 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַמִּתְבָּרֵ֜ךְ בָּאָ֗רֶץ יִתְבָּרֵךְ֙ בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י אָמֵ֔ן וְהַנִּשְׁבָּ֣ע בָּאָ֔רֶץ יִשָּׁבַ֖ע בֵּאלֹהֵ֣י אָמֵ֑ן כִּ֣י נִשְׁכְּח֗וּ הַצָּרוֹת֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנ֔וֹת וְכִ֥י נִסְתְּר֖וּ מֵעֵינָֽי׃ |
So that he who is blessed on earth Will be blessed by the God of truth, And he who swears on earth Will swear by the God of truth, Because the former adversities will be forgotten, And because they will be hidden from my eyes. |
on earth: or by the earth. |
| Isa 65:17 | כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֥י בוֹרֵ֛א שָׁמַ֥יִם חֲדָשִׁ֖ים וָאָ֣רֶץ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִזָּכַ֙רְנָה֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנ֔וֹת וְלֹ֥א תַעֲלֶ֖ינָה עַל־לֵֽב׃ |
For I am about to create new heavens and a new earth, And the former things will not be remembered, And they will not arise in the heart. |
2 Pet 3:13, Rev 21:1.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Isa 65:18 | כִּֽי־אִם־שִׂ֤ישׂוּ וְגִ֙ילוּ֙ עֲדֵי־עַ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֣י בוֹרֵ֑א כִּי֩ הִנְנִ֨י בוֹרֵ֧א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם גִּילָ֖ה וְעַמָּ֥הּ מָשֽׂוֹשׂ׃ |
But rejoice and exult in all perpetuity, In what I am about to create, For I am about to create Jerusalem – A joy – And her people will be a delight. |
in all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Isa 65:19 | וְגַלְתִּ֥י בִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְשַׂשְׂתִּ֣י בְעַמִּ֑י וְלֹֽא־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע בָּהּ֙ ע֔וֹד ק֥וֹל בְּכִ֖י וְק֥וֹל זְעָקָֽה׃ |
And I will rejoice in Jerusalem And exult in my people. And the sound of weeping And the sound of outcry Will no longer be heard in it. |
|
| Isa 65:20 | לֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה מִשָּׁ֜ם ע֗וֹד ע֤וּל יָמִים֙ וְזָקֵ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יָמָ֑יו כִּ֣י הַנַּ֗עַר בֶּן־מֵאָ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ יָמ֔וּת וְהַ֣חוֹטֶ֔א בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה יְקֻלָּֽל׃ |
There will no longer be from there A child a few days old, Or an old man, Whose days are not fulfilled. For a child will die at one hundred years old, And a sinner aged one hundred years will be accursed. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
whose days are not fulfilled ← who does not fill his days. |
| Isa 65:21 | וּבָנ֥וּ בָתִּ֖ים וְיָשָׁ֑בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְאָכְל֖וּ פִּרְיָֽם׃ |
And they will build houses and live in them, And they will plant vineyards And eat their fruit. |
|
| Isa 65:22 | לֹ֤א יִבְנוּ֙ וְאַחֵ֣ר יֵשֵׁ֔ב לֹ֥א יִטְּע֖וּ וְאַחֵ֣ר יֹאכֵ֑ל כִּֽי־כִימֵ֤י הָעֵץ֙ יְמֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶ֖ם יְבַלּ֥וּ בְחִירָֽי׃ |
They will not build and another will live there; They will not plant and another will eat, For the days of my people Will be like the days of a tree, And my chosen ones Will enjoy the work of their hands. |
|
| Isa 65:23 | לֹ֤א יִֽיגְעוּ֙ לָרִ֔יק וְלֹ֥א יֵלְד֖וּ לַבֶּהָלָ֑ה כִּ֣י זֶ֜רַע בְּרוּכֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ הֵ֔מָּה וְצֶאֱצָאֵיהֶ֖ם אִתָּֽם׃ |
They will not toil in vain, And they will not give birth in prospect of terror, For they will be a seed blessed by the Lord, As will their offspring with them. |
|
| Isa 65:24 | וְהָיָ֥ה טֶֽרֶם־יִקְרָ֖אוּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶעֱנֶ֑ה ע֛וֹד הֵ֥ם מְדַבְּרִ֖ים וַאֲנִ֥י אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ |
And it will come to pass That before they call out, I will answer, And while they are still speaking, I will heed them. |
|
| Isa 65:25 | זְאֵ֨ב וְטָלֶ֜ה יִרְע֣וּ כְאֶחָ֗ד וְאַרְיֵה֙ כַּבָּקָ֣ר יֹֽאכַל־תֶּ֔בֶן וְנָחָ֖שׁ עָפָ֣ר לַחְמ֑וֹ לֹֽא־יָרֵ֧עוּ וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁחִ֛יתוּ בְּכָל־הַ֥ר קָדְשִׁ֖י אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
The wolf and the lamb will feed together, And the lion like the ox will eat straw, But as for the serpent, His food will be dust. They will not do harm, And they will not cause damage Anywhere in my holy mountain”, Says the Lord. |
|| Isa 11:6, Isa 11:9.
together ← as one. food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. anywhere in ← in all of. my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 66:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם כִּסְאִ֔י וְהָאָ֖רֶץ הֲדֹ֣ם רַגְלָ֑י אֵי־זֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּבְנוּ־לִ֔י וְאֵי־זֶ֥ה מָק֖וֹם מְנוּחָתִֽי׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Heaven is my throne, And the earth is my footstool. What house is it which you will build me, And what resting place of mine will you build? |
Matt 5:34, Matt 5:35, Acts 7:49.
this is what ← thus. |
| Isa 66:2 | וְאֶת־כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָדִ֣י עָשָׂ֔תָה וַיִּהְי֥וּ כָל־אֵ֖לֶּה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־זֶ֣ה אַבִּ֔יט אֶל־עָנִי֙ וּנְכֵה־ר֔וּחַ וְחָרֵ֖ד עַל־דְּבָרִֽי׃ |
For my hand made all these things, And all these things have come to pass, Says the Lord, But here are those whom I will watch over: The poor, and the contrite, And him who trembles at my word. |
Acts 7:50.
my hand: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. are those ← (is) this. contrite ← struck of spirit. |
| Isa 66:3 | שׁוֹחֵ֨ט הַשּׁ֜וֹר מַכֵּה־אִ֗ישׁ זוֹבֵ֤חַ הַשֶּׂה֙ עֹ֣רֵֽף כֶּ֔לֶב מַעֲלֵ֤ה מִנְחָה֙ דַּם־חֲזִ֔יר מַזְכִּ֥יר לְבֹנָ֖ה מְבָ֣רֵֽךְ אָ֑וֶן גַּם־הֵ֗מָּה בָּֽחֲרוּ֙ בְּדַרְכֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְשִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם נַפְשָׁ֥ם חָפֵֽצָה׃ |
But he who slaughters an ox as if he is striking a man, He who sacrifices a lamb as if he is breaking a dog's neck, He who makes a meal-offering as if it is the blood of a pig, He who makes a memorial with incense as if he is blessing an idol – These also have chosen their ways, And their being has delighted in their abominations. |
an idol: or iniquity.
being ← soul. |
| Isa 66:4 | גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶבְחַ֣ר בְּתַעֲלֻלֵיהֶ֗ם וּמְגֽוּרֹתָם֙ אָבִ֣יא לָהֶ֔ם יַ֤עַן קָרָ֙אתִי֙ וְאֵ֣ין עוֹנֶ֔ה דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י וּבַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָפַ֖צְתִּי בָּחָֽרוּ׃ ס |
I too will choose their depravity, And I will bring their fears upon them, Because I called, But there was no-one who answered; I spoke, But they did not listen; And they did what is wrong in my sight, And they chose what I dislike. |
depravity ← depravities. |
| Isa 66:5 | שִׁמְעוּ֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הַחֲרֵדִ֖ים אֶל־דְּבָר֑וֹ אָמְרוּ֩ אֲחֵיכֶ֨ם שֹׂנְאֵיכֶ֜ם מְנַדֵּיכֶ֗ם לְמַ֤עַן שְׁמִי֙ יִכְבַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה וְנִרְאֶ֥ה בְשִׂמְחַתְכֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃ |
Hear the word of the Lord, You who tremble at his word. Your brothers who hate you, And who thrust you out for my name's sake, said, ‘Let the Lord be glorified.’ When he appears, to your joy, They will be ashamed. |
|
| Isa 66:6 | ק֤וֹל שָׁאוֹן֙ מֵעִ֔יר ק֖וֹל מֵֽהֵיכָ֑ל ק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁלֵּ֥ם גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹיְבָֽיו׃ |
A sound of tumult from the city, A sound from the temple, The voice of the Lord Giving retribution to his enemies Will be heard. |
voice: the same word as sound.
giving ← paying. |
| Isa 66:7 | בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּחִ֖יל יָלָ֑דָה בְּטֶ֨רֶם יָב֥וֹא חֵ֛בֶל לָ֖הּ וְהִמְלִ֥יטָה זָכָֽר׃ |
Before she was in labour, She gave birth. Before her throes of childbearing came upon her, She was delivered of a male child. |
This section, up to Isa 66:14, is about the New Israel, not a Gentile nation. See note on Matt 21:43. |
| Isa 66:8 | מִֽי־שָׁמַ֣ע כָּזֹ֗את מִ֤י רָאָה֙ כָּאֵ֔לֶּה הֲי֤וּחַל אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד אִם־יִוָּ֥לֵֽד גּ֖וֹי פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כִּֽי־חָ֛לָה גַּם־יָלְדָ֥ה צִיּ֖וֹן אֶת־בָּנֶֽיהָ׃ |
Who has heard of anything like this? Who has seen things like these? Can the earth be given birth to in one day? Or can a nation be born in one moment? For Zion has been in labour And has given birth to her sons. |
|
| Isa 66:9 | הַאֲנִ֥י אַשְׁבִּ֛יר וְלֹ֥א אוֹלִ֖יד יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־אֲנִ֧י הַמּוֹלִ֛יד וְעָצַ֖רְתִּי אָמַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃ ס |
Will I cause the breakthrough But not the childbirth? – Says the Lord. Or shall I, who cause the childbirth, Hold it back? – Says your God. |
|
| Isa 66:10 | שִׂמְח֧וּ אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְגִ֥ילוּ בָ֖הּ כָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ שִׂ֤ישׂוּ אִתָּהּ֙ מָשׂ֔וֹשׂ כָּל־הַמִּֽתְאַבְּלִ֖ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃ |
Be glad with Jerusalem, And exult in her, All you who love her. Rejoice with her in joy, All you who mourn over her, |
|
| Isa 66:11 | לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽינְקוּ֙ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֔ם מִשֹּׁ֖ד תַּנְחֻמֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֧עַן תָּמֹ֛צּוּ וְהִתְעַנַּגְתֶּ֖ם מִזִּ֥יז כְּבוֹדָֽהּ׃ ס |
In order that you may suck and be satisfied From her comforting breast, And in order that you may imbibe And delight yourself In the abundance of her glory.” |
her comforting breast ← the breast of her comfortings, a Hebraic genitive.
imbibe ← suck, but not the same word as the word translated suck above. |
| Isa 66:12 | כִּֽי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִ֣י נֹטֶֽה־אֵ֠לֶיהָ כְּנָהָ֨ר שָׁל֜וֹם וּכְנַ֧חַל שׁוֹטֵ֛ף כְּב֥וֹד גּוֹיִ֖ם וִֽינַקְתֶּ֑ם עַל־צַד֙ תִּנָּשֵׂ֔אוּ וְעַל־בִּרְכַּ֖יִם תְּשָׁעֳשָֽׁעוּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: “I am about to extend peace to her Like a river, And the glory of the Gentiles Like an overflowing brook For you to suck. You will be carried alongside And you will be indulged in her lap. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. in her lap ← on (her) knees. |
| Isa 66:13 | כְּאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִמּ֖וֹ תְּנַחֲמֶ֑נּוּ כֵּ֤ן אָֽנֹכִי֙ אֲנַ֣חֶמְכֶ֔ם וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם תְּנֻחָֽמוּ׃ |
As a man whose mother comforts him, So I will comfort you, And you will be comforted In Jerusalem. |
|
| Isa 66:14 | וּרְאִיתֶם֙ וְשָׂ֣שׂ לִבְּכֶ֔ם וְעַצְמוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם כַּדֶּ֣שֶׁא תִפְרַ֑חְנָה וְנוֹדְעָ֤ה יַד־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו וְזָעַ֖ם אֶת־אֹיְבָֽיו׃ |
And when you see it, Your heart will rejoice, And your bones will thrive like grass, And the hand of the Lord will be known among his servants, But indignation among his enemies. |
|
| Isa 66:15 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בָּאֵ֣שׁ יָב֔וֹא וְכַסּוּפָ֖ה מַרְכְּבֹתָ֑יו לְהָשִׁ֤יב בְּחֵמָה֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְגַעֲרָת֖וֹ בְּלַהֲבֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
For behold, the Lord will come with fire, And his chariots will be like a whirlwind, To satisfy his anger in fury, And his rebuke in fiery flames. |
satisfy ← repay.
his rebuke: either subjective (the Lord rebukes in vengeance), or objective (the Lord takes vengeance on those who rebuked him). fiery flames ← flames of fire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 66:16 | כִּ֤י בָאֵשׁ֙ יְהוָ֣ה נִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּבְחַרְבּ֖וֹ אֶת־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֑ר וְרַבּ֖וּ חַֽלְלֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
For the Lord will contend with all flesh With fire and with his sword, And those defeated by the Lord Will be numerous. |
those defeated by the Lord ← the Lord's pierced. |
| Isa 66:17 | הַמִּתְקַדְּשִׁ֨ים וְהַמִּֽטַּהֲרִ֜ים אֶל־הַגַּנּ֗וֹת אַחַ֤ר *אחד **אַחַת֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ אֹֽכְלֵי֙ בְּשַׂ֣ר הַחֲזִ֔יר וְהַשֶּׁ֖קֶץ וְהָעַכְבָּ֑ר יַחְדָּ֥ו יָסֻ֖פוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves in the gardens, Behind one thing in the middle, And those who eat pork, And the abomination, and the mouse, Will come to an end together”, Says the Lord. |
one: the ketiv is masculine, qeré feminine (the usual form for an abstraction).
thing: [CB] App. 42, a phallus. abomination: [CB] refers this to consuming blood. |
| Isa 66:18 | וְאָנֹכִ֗י מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ וּמַחְשְׁבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם בָּאָ֕ה לְקַבֵּ֥ץ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם וְהַלְּשֹׁנ֑וֹת וּבָ֖אוּ וְרָא֥וּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדִֽי׃ |
“And as for me, And their deeds and their thoughts, The time will come To gather all the nations and the languages, And they will come And see my glory. |
the time will come ... to gather: AV differs somewhat (I will gather). |
| Isa 66:19 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י בָהֶ֜ם א֗וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֣י מֵהֶ֣ם ׀ פְּ֠לֵיטִים אֶֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֞ם תַּרְשִׁ֨ישׁ פּ֥וּל וְל֛וּד מֹ֥שְׁכֵי קֶ֖שֶׁת תֻּבַ֣ל וְיָוָ֑ן הָאִיִּ֣ים הָרְחֹקִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ אֶת־שִׁמְעִי֙ וְלֹא־רָא֣וּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדִ֔י וְהִגִּ֥ידוּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדִ֖י בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
And I will place a sign among them, And I will send to the Gentiles those of them who escape, To Tarshish, Pul and Lud, To those who draw the bow, To Tubal and Javan, And to distant maritime countries Who have not heard my fame, And who have not seen my glory. And they will tell of my glory among the Gentiles. |
maritime countries: or islands. |
| Isa 66:20 | וְהֵבִ֣יאוּ אֶת־כָּל־אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ מִנְחָ֣ה ׀ לַֽיהוָ֡ה בַּסּוּסִ֡ים וּ֠בָרֶכֶב וּבַצַּבִּ֨ים וּבַפְּרָדִ֜ים וּבַכִּרְכָּר֗וֹת עַ֣ל הַ֥ר קָדְשִׁ֛י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָבִיאוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֛ה בִּכְלִ֥י טָה֖וֹר בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ |
And they shall bring all your brothers from all the nations With an offering to the Lord, By horse and by chariot And by covered wagon And by mule and by dromedary, To my holy mountain in Jerusalem, Says the Lord, When the sons of Israel bring the offering in clean equipment To the house of the Lord. |
covered wagon: AV differs somewhat (litters).
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Isa 66:21 | וְגַם־מֵהֶ֥ם אֶקַּ֛ח לַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים לַלְוִיִּ֖ם אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I will take a portion from them For the Levite priests”, Says the Lord. |
|
| Isa 66:22 | כִּ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם הַ֠חֳדָשִׁים וְהָאָ֨רֶץ הַחֲדָשָׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֛ה עֹמְדִ֥ים לְפָנַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כֵּ֛ן יַעֲמֹ֥ד זַרְעֲכֶ֖ם וְשִׁמְכֶֽם׃ |
“For as the new heavens and the new earth, Which I will make, Shall stand before me, Says the Lord, So your seed and your name will stand. |
2 Pet 3:13, Rev 21:1. |
| Isa 66:23 | וְהָיָ֗ה מִֽדֵּי־חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בְּחָדְשׁ֔וֹ וּמִדֵּ֥י שַׁבָּ֖ת בְּשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ יָב֧וֹא כָל־בָּשָׂ֛ר לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֥ת לְפָנַ֖י אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
And it will come to pass That at every new moon and every Sabbath, All flesh will come to worship before me”, Says the Lord. |
at every new moon and every Sabbath ← as often as a new moon in its new moon and as often as a Sabbath in its Sabbath. |
| Isa 66:24 | וְיָצְא֣וּ וְרָא֔וּ בְּפִגְרֵי֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים בִּ֑י כִּ֣י תוֹלַעְתָּ֞ם לֹ֣א תָמ֗וּת וְאִשָּׁם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה וְהָי֥וּ דֵרָא֖וֹן לְכָל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ |
“And they will go out And see the carcases of the men who have transgressed against me, For their worm will not die, And their fire will not be extinguished, And they will be an abhorrence To all flesh.” |
Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46, Mark 9:48. |
| Jer 1:1 | דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֑הוּ מִן־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּעֲנָת֔וֹת בְּאֶ֖רֶץ בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, one of the priests who are in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, | |
| Jer 1:2 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה בִּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה לְמָלְכֽוֹ׃ | To whom the word of the Lord came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, the king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign. |
came ← became.
Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Jer 1:3 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵ֨י יְהוֹיָקִ֤ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַד־תֹּם֙ עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לְצִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה עַד־גְּל֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ ס | And this came to pass in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, up to the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah the son of Josiah, the king of Judah – up to the deportation of Jerusalem in the fifth month. | |
| Jer 1:4 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 1:5 | בְּטֶ֨רֶם *אצורך **אֶצָּרְךָ֤ בַבֶּ֙טֶן֙ יְדַעְתִּ֔יךָ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם תֵּצֵ֥א מֵרֶ֖חֶם הִקְדַּשְׁתִּ֑יךָ נָבִ֥יא לַגּוֹיִ֖ם נְתַתִּֽיךָ׃ |
“Before I formed you in the belly, I knew you, And before you came out of the womb, I sanctified you. I have appointed you As a prophet to the nations.” |
I formed you: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. |
| Jer 1:6 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־יָדַ֖עְתִּי דַּבֵּ֑ר כִּי־נַ֖עַר אָנֹֽכִי׃ פ |
Then I said, “Oh, my Lord the Lord, Look, I do not know how to speak, For I am just a lad.” |
to speak: i.e. as an orator. |
| Jer 1:7 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י אַל־תֹּאמַ֖ר נַ֣עַר אָנֹ֑כִי כִּ֠י עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ תֵּלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲצַוְּךָ֖ תְּדַבֵּֽר׃ |
But the Lord said to me, “Do not say, ‘I am just a lad’, For you shall go everywhere I send you, And you shall speak everything I command you. |
|
| Jer 1:8 | אַל־תִּירָ֖א מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י לְהַצִּלֶ֖ךָ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Do not fear their presence; I am with you to deliver you”, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 1:9 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ וַיַּגַּ֖ע עַל־פִּ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י הִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי דְבָרַ֖י בְּפִֽיךָ׃ |
Then the Lord stretched out his hand and touched my mouth, at which the Lord said to me,
“Look, I have put my words in your mouth. |
at which ← and. Wider use of the vav. |
| Jer 1:10 | רְאֵ֞ה הִפְקַדְתִּ֣יךָ ׀ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה עַל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ וְעַל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת לִנְת֥וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֖וֹץ וּלְהַאֲבִ֣יד וְלַהֲר֑וֹס לִבְנ֖וֹת וְלִנְטֽוֹעַ׃ פ |
See, I have appointed you today Over the nations and over the kingdoms, To tear down and to demolish And to destroy and to devastate, To build and to plant.” |
tear down: the opposite of planting, as in Jer 24:6, Jer 45:4, so more literally pluck up, deracinate. |
| Jer 1:11 | וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֔ר מָה־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וָאֹמַ֕ר מַקֵּ֥ל שָׁקֵ֖ד אֲנִ֥י רֹאֶֽה׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, “What do you see, Jeremiah?” And I said, “I see a rod of almond tree wood.” | came ← became. |
| Jer 1:12 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י הֵיטַ֣בְתָּ לִרְא֑וֹת כִּֽי־שֹׁקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עַל־דְּבָרִ֖י לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃ פ | And the Lord said to me, “You have seen well, for I will watch over my word, to carry it out.” | watch over: the word has the same root as almond. |
| Jer 1:13 | וַיְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֵלַי֙ שֵׁנִ֣ית לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה וָאֹמַ֗ר סִ֤יר נָפ֙וּחַ֙ אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֔ה וּפָנָ֖יו מִפְּנֵ֥י צָפֽוֹנָה׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me a second time, and he said, “What do you see?” And I said, “I see a boiling pot, and its face is turned from the north.” |
came ← became.
boiling ← blown on, of the fire beneath the pot. its face is turned from the north ← its face (is) from before northwards. |
| Jer 1:14 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And the Lord said to me,
“Evil will break out from the north Over all the inhabitants of the land. |
break out ← be opened on; be unleashed. |
| Jer 1:15 | כִּ֣י ׀ הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵ֗א לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֛וֹת מַמְלְכ֥וֹת צָפ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּבָ֡אוּ וְֽנָתְנוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּסְא֜וֹ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְעַ֤ל כָּל־חוֹמֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ |
For I am about to call All the families of the kingdoms of the north, Says the Lord, And they will come, And each king will direct his throne To the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem, And against all its walls round about, And against all the cities of Judah. |
I am about to ← behold me.
direct ← place; appoint. |
| Jer 1:16 | וְדִבַּרְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ אוֹתָ֔ם עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לְמַעֲשֵׂ֥י יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And I will pronounce my judgments on them, Concerning all their evil, In that they have forsaken me And burned incense to other gods And have worshipped the works of their hands. |
|
| Jer 1:17 | וְאַתָּה֙ תֶּאְזֹ֣ר מָתְנֶ֔יךָ וְקַמְתָּ֙ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ אַל־תֵּחַת֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם פֶּֽן־אֲחִתְּךָ֖ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
But you gird up your loins and arise, And tell them everything that I command you. Do not be afraid of them, So that I do not cause you dismay in their presence. |
|
| Jer 1:18 | וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה נְתַתִּ֣יךָ הַיּ֗וֹם לְעִ֨יר מִבְצָ֜ר וּלְעַמּ֥וּד בַּרְזֶ֛ל וּלְחֹמ֥וֹת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמַלְכֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂרֶ֔יהָ לְכֹהֲנֶ֖יהָ וּלְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And as for my part, Look, I have made you today A fortified city and an iron column, And copper walls, all over the land, To the kings of Judah, to its officers, to its priests, And to the people of the land. |
and as for my part ← and I (emphatic pronoun). |
| Jer 1:19 | וְנִלְחֲמ֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְלֹא־י֣וּכְלוּ לָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה לְהַצִּילֶֽךָ׃ פ |
And they will fight against you, But they will not prevail over you, For I am with you, Says the Lord, To deliver you.” |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 2:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 2:2 | הָלֹ֡ךְ וְקָֽרָאתָ֩ בְאָזְנֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה זָכַ֤רְתִּי לָךְ֙ חֶ֣סֶד נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ אַהֲבַ֖ת כְּלוּלֹתָ֑יִךְ לֶכְתֵּ֤ךְ אַחֲרַי֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א זְרוּעָֽה׃ |
“Go and proclaim in Jerusalem's ears and say, ‘This is what the Lord says:
«I remember your kindness in your youth, Your love in your bridal state – The fact that you walked after me in the desert, In an uncultivated land. |
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
this is what ← thus. kindness in ← kindness of. uncultivated ← unsown. |
| Jer 2:3 | קֹ֤דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֔ה רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאָתֹ֑ה כָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
Israel is holy to the Lord, As are the firstfruits of its produce. All who eat it will be guilty. Evil will come upon them, Says the Lord.» ’ ” |
holy ← holiness. |
| Jer 2:4 | שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Hear the word of the Lord, O house of Jacob, And all you families Of the house of Israel. |
|
| Jer 2:5 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מַה־מָּצְא֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֥ם בִּי֙ עָ֔וֶל כִּ֥י רָחֲק֖וּ מֵעָלָ֑י וַיֵּֽלְכ֛וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַהֶ֖בֶל וַיֶּהְבָּֽלוּ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “What iniquity did your fathers find in me? For they have distanced themselves from me And have followed vanity And have acted vainly. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 2:6 | וְלֹ֣א אָמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖נוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הַמּוֹלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּאֶ֨רֶץ עֲרָבָ֤ה וְשׁוּחָה֙ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ צִיָּ֣ה וְצַלְמָ֔וֶת בְּאֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא־עָ֤בַר בָּהּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָשַׁ֥ב אָדָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ |
And they did not say, ‘Where is the Lord Who brought us up out of the land of Egypt? – Who led us in the desert, In an arid and sunken land, In a land of drought And a shadow of death, Through a land through which no man crosses And where no man dwells.’ |
an arid and sunken land ← land of arid tract and sunkenness. |
| Jer 2:7 | וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל לֶאֱכֹ֥ל פִּרְיָ֖הּ וְטוּבָ֑הּ וַתָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַתְּטַמְּא֣וּ אֶת־אַרְצִ֔י וְנַחֲלָתִ֥י שַׂמְתֶּ֖ם לְתוֹעֵבָֽה׃ |
And I brought you into a cultivable land, To eat its fruit and its good produce, But you came and defiled my land, And you made my inheritance an abomination. |
good produce ← goodness.
my inheritance: i.e. the inheritance which I give, clear from the context, but the usual English meaning would be the inheritance which I receive. |
| Jer 2:8 | הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים לֹ֤א אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה וְתֹפְשֵׂ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּנִי וְהָרֹעִ֖ים פָּ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְהַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּא֣וּ בַבַּ֔עַל וְאַחֲרֵ֥י לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֖לוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃ |
The priests did not say, ‘Where is the Lord?’ Those who administered the law did not know me, And the pastors have transgressed against me, And the prophets have prophesied through Baal, And they have walked after things Which do not benefit anyone. |
pastors ← shepherds, i.e. guides. |
| Jer 2:9 | לָכֵ֗ן עֹ֛ד אָרִ֥יב אִתְּכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בְנֵיכֶ֖ם אָרִֽיב׃ |
That is why I will still contend with you, Says the Lord, And I will contend with your sons' sons. |
contend ... contend: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Jer 2:10 | כִּ֣י עִבְר֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י כִתִּיִּים֙ וּרְא֔וּ וְקֵדָ֛ר שִׁלְח֥וּ וְהִֽתְבּוֹנְנ֖וּ מְאֹ֑ד וּרְא֕וּ הֵ֥ן הָיְתָ֖ה כָּזֹֽאת׃ |
For pass through the coastlands of Chittim and see, And send men to Kedar to observe well, And see whether it is like this. |
|
| Jer 2:11 | הַהֵימִ֥יר גּוֹי֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַמִּ֛י הֵמִ֥יר כְּבוֹד֖וֹ בְּל֥וֹא יוֹעִֽיל׃ |
Does a nation change its gods? But they are not gods. Yet my people have exchanged {P: my honour} [M: their honour] For what will not benefit anyone. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= כְּבוֺדִי. AV differs. |
| Jer 2:12 | שֹׁ֥מּוּ שָׁמַ֖יִם עַל־זֹ֑את וְשַׂעֲר֛וּ חָרְב֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
O heavens, be astonished at this, And shudder and be very astounded, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 2:13 | כִּֽי־שְׁתַּ֥יִם רָע֖וֹת עָשָׂ֣ה עַמִּ֑י אֹתִ֨י עָזְב֜וּ מְק֣וֹר ׀ מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֗ים לַחְצֹ֤ב לָהֶם֙ בֹּאר֔וֹת בֹּארֹת֙ נִשְׁבָּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָכִ֖לוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ |
For my people have committed two evil acts; They have forsaken me – The source of living water – For hewing cisterns out for themselves, Broken cisterns Which will not hold the water. |
|
| Jer 2:14 | הַעֶ֙בֶד֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־יְלִ֥יד בַּ֖יִת ה֑וּא מַדּ֖וּעַ הָיָ֥ה לָבַֽז׃ |
Is Israel a servant? Or is he a homeborn slave? Why has he become a target of spoil? |
|
| Jer 2:15 | עָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קוֹלָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצוֹ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו *נצתה **נִצְּת֖וּ מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
Young lions roar at him; They made their sound, And they laid his land waste. His cities were burned down, Leaving no inhabitant. |
were burned down: the ketiv reads was burned down, perhaps bringing out the concept of each city.
leaving no inhabitant ← without an inhabitant. |
| Jer 2:16 | גַּם־בְּנֵי־נֹ֖ף *ותחפנס **וְתַחְפַּנְחֵ֑ס יִרְע֖וּךְ קָדְקֹֽד׃ |
Also the sons of Noph and Tahpanhes Have shaved your scalp. |
Tahpanhes: ketiv= Tahpenes; qeré= Tahpanhes, retaining the traditional English name, as in AV's Jer 43:8.
Noph: i.e. Memphis. have shaved your scalp: from רָעָה, grazed, or ↴ |
| Jer 2:17 | הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ עָזְבֵךְ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ בְּעֵ֖ת מוֹלִיכֵ֥ךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ |
Are you not doing this to yourself By your forsaking the Lord your God, At the time when he is leading you on the way? |
↳ alternatively have cracked the crown of your head, from רָעַע.
by your forsaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 2:18 | וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֣י שִׁח֑וֹר וּמַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֥י נָהָֽר׃ |
So now, what do you have to do with Egypt's way, With drinking the waters of Shihor? And what do you have to do with Assyria's way, With drinking the waters of the river? |
with drinking (2x): gerundial use of the infinitive.
Shihor: see Josh 13:3. [CB] interprets as the Nile, as in Isa 23:3. the river: [CB] interprets as the Euphrates. |
| Jer 2:19 | תְּיַסְּרֵ֣ךְ רָעָתֵ֗ךְ וּמְשֻֽׁבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ תּוֹכִחֻ֔ךְ וּדְעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ כִּי־רַ֣ע וָמָ֔ר עָזְבֵ֖ךְ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ וְלֹ֤א פַחְדָּתִי֙ אֵלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ |
Your wickedness will discipline you, And your acts of apostasy will reprove you, So know and see that your forsaking the Lord your God Is evil and bitter, And there is no fear of me in you, Says the Lord, the Lord of hosts. |
your forsaking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
fear of me ← my fear, an objective genitive (they fear me, negated). |
| Jer 2:20 | כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א *אעבד **אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃ |
For I broke your yoke long ago, And I detached your fetters, {K: But you said, ‘I will not serve you’,} [Q: And you said, ‘I will not transgress’,] {K: For} [Q: Yet] you wander around committing prostitution On every high hill And under every luxuriant tree. |
long ago ← from an age.
luxuriant tree: i.e. in a phallic park; see 1 Ki 14:23. |
| Jer 2:21 | וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ נְטַעְתִּ֣יךְ שֹׂרֵ֔ק כֻּלֹּ֖ה זֶ֣רַע אֱמֶ֑ת וְאֵיךְ֙ נֶהְפַּ֣כְתְּ לִ֔י סוּרֵ֖י הַגֶּ֥פֶן נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ |
Yet I planted you as a choice vine, All of it being a true seed, But how you have turned against me, You who turn aside to become a foreign vine. |
true seed ← seed of truth, a Hebraic genitive.
you who turn aside to become a foreign vine ← turners aside of a foreign vine. |
| Jer 2:22 | כִּ֤י אִם־תְּכַבְּסִי֙ בַּנֶּ֔תֶר וְתַרְבִּי־לָ֖ךְ בֹּרִ֑ית נִכְתָּ֤ם עֲוֺנֵךְ֙ לְפָנַ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
Even if you wash with soda ash, And you apply much soap to yourself, Your iniquity is a stain before me, Says the Lord, the Lord. |
soda ash: natron, mainly sodium carbonate, serving as a detergent. |
| Jer 2:23 | אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃ |
How can you say, ‘I am not defiled; I have not gone after the Baalim’? Look at your way in the valley, And know what you have done. You are a swift young she-camel, Devious in her ways. |
devious in ← twisting of. |
| Jer 2:24 | פֶּ֣רֶה ׀ לִמֻּ֣ד מִדְבָּ֗ר בְּאַוַּ֤ת *נפשו **נַפְשָׁהּ֙ שָׁאֲפָ֣ה ר֔וּחַ תַּאֲנָתָ֖הּ מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נָּה כָּל־מְבַקְשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ לֹ֣א יִיעָ֔פוּ בְּחָדְשָׁ֖הּ יִמְצָאֽוּנְהָ׃ |
A wild donkey is accustomed to the desert; {Q: In her} [K: At his] feeling of desire She draws in breath. As for her passion, Who can turn it back? None who seek her become weary; In her mating season they find her. |
feeling of desire ← desire of the soul.
turn it back: AV differs (turn her back), also possible. none ← not all. mating season ← month. |
| Jer 2:25 | מִנְעִ֤י רַגְלֵךְ֙ מִיָּחֵ֔ף *וגורנך **וּגְרוֹנֵ֖ךְ מִצִּמְאָ֑ה וַתֹּאמְרִ֣י נוֹאָ֔שׁ ל֕וֹא כִּֽי־אָהַ֥בְתִּי זָרִ֖ים וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֥ם אֵלֵֽךְ׃ |
Keep your feet from being barefoot And your throat from thirst. But you said, ‘It is desperate. No, for I love foreigners, And I will go after them.’ |
throat: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
feet ← foot. |
| Jer 2:26 | כְּבֹ֤שֶׁת גַּנָּב֙ כִּ֣י יִמָּצֵ֔א כֵּ֥ן הֹבִ֖ישׁוּ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֵ֤מָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָֽׂרֵיהֶ֔ם וְכֹהֲנֵיהֶ֖ם וּנְבִיאֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Like the shame of a thief when he is caught, So will the house of Israel be ashamed – They, their kings, their officials, And their priests and their prophets, |
caught ← found, discovered. |
| Jer 2:27 | אֹמְרִ֨ים לָעֵ֜ץ אָ֣בִי אַ֗תָּה וְלָאֶ֙בֶן֙ אַ֣תְּ *ילדתני **יְלִדְתָּ֔נוּ כִּֽי־פָנ֥וּ אֵלַ֛י עֹ֖רֶף וְלֹ֣א פָנִ֑ים וּבְעֵ֤ת רָֽעָתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ ק֖וּמָה וְהוֹשִׁיעֵֽנוּ׃ |
Who say to the wood, ‘You are my father’, And to the stone, ‘You gave birth to {K: me} [Q: us].’ For they have turned their back on me, And not their face, But in their time of trouble, they say, ‘Arise and save us.’ |
turned their back on me ← the back of the neck to me. |
| Jer 2:28 | וְאַיֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔ךְ יָק֕וּמוּ אִם־יוֹשִׁיע֖וּךָ בְּעֵ֣ת רָעָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָֽה׃ ס |
Now where are your gods Which you have made for yourself? Let them arise If they can save you in your time of trouble, For your gods are as the number of your cities, O Judah. |
|
| Jer 2:29 | לָ֥מָּה תָרִ֖יבוּ אֵלָ֑י כֻּלְּכֶ֛ם פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם בִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Why do you contend with me? You have all transgressed against me, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 2:30 | לַשָּׁוְא֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֔ם מוּסָ֖ר לֹ֣א לָקָ֑חוּ אָכְלָ֧ה חַרְבְּכֶ֛ם נְבִֽיאֵיכֶ֖ם כְּאַרְיֵ֥ה מַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
I have struck your sons in vain; They do not take discipline. Your sword has devoured your prophets, Like a rampaging lion. |
rampaging ← ruining. |
| Jer 2:31 | הַדּ֗וֹר אַתֶּם֙ רְא֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הֲמִדְבָּ֤ר הָיִ֙יתִי֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֛ם אֶ֥רֶץ מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ אָמְר֤וּ עַמִּי֙ רַ֔דְנוּ לֽוֹא־נָב֥וֹא ע֖וֹד אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ |
O generation, See the word of the Lord. Have I been a desert to Israel? Or a land of great darkness? Why do my people say, ‘We rove around; We will not come to you any more’? |
we rove around: from root רוּד. AV differs (we are lords), from root רָדַד, or possibly רָדָה. |
| Jer 2:32 | הֲתִשְׁכַּ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ עֶדְיָ֔הּ כַּלָּ֖ה קִשֻּׁרֶ֑יהָ וְעַמִּ֣י שְׁכֵח֔וּנִי יָמִ֖ים אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
Can a virgin forget her ornaments? Or a bride her girdles? But my people have forgotten me For innumerable days. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 2:33 | מַה־תֵּיטִ֥בִי דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אַהֲבָ֑ה לָכֵן֙ גַּ֣ם אֶת־הָרָע֔וֹת *למדתי **לִמַּ֖דְתְּ אֶת־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃ |
How well you go your way in seeking love! That is why you have also taught bad women your ways. |
you have ... taught: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
The verse is ironic. in seeking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 2:34 | גַּ֤ם בִּכְנָפַ֙יִךְ֙ נִמְצְא֔וּ דַּ֛ם נַפְשׁ֥וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים נְקִיִּ֑ים לֹֽא־בַמַּחְתֶּ֥רֶת מְצָאתִ֖ים כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ |
Also on your skirts is found The blood of the lives of the innocent poor. I did not find it by dint of an investigation, For it is abundantly evident on all these skirts. |
lives ← souls.
find it ← find them, referring to the transgressions or items of evidence. |
| Jer 2:35 | וַתֹּֽאמְרִי֙ כִּ֣י נִקֵּ֔יתִי אַ֛ךְ שָׁ֥ב אַפּ֖וֹ מִמֶּ֑נִּי הִנְנִי֙ נִשְׁפָּ֣ט אוֹתָ֔ךְ עַל־אָמְרֵ֖ךְ לֹ֥א חָטָֽאתִי׃ |
But you say, ‘As I am innocent, Surely his anger will recede from me.’ But I am about to contend with you about your saying, ‘I have not sinned.’ |
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 2:36 | מַה־תֵּזְלִ֥י מְאֹ֖ד לְשַׁנּ֣וֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֑ךְ גַּ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ תֵּב֔וֹשִׁי כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֖שְׁתְּ מֵאַשּֽׁוּר׃ |
How you exhaust yourself changing your way! You will also be put to shame by Egypt, As you were put to shame by Assyria. |
|
| Jer 2:37 | גַּ֣ם מֵאֵ֥ת זֶה֙ תֵּֽצְאִ֔י וְיָדַ֖יִךְ עַל־רֹאשֵׁ֑ךְ כִּֽי־מָאַ֤ס יְהֹוָה֙ בְּמִבְטַחַ֔יִךְ וְלֹ֥א תַצְלִ֖יחִי לָהֶֽם׃ |
You will also come out of this With your hands on your head. For the Lord has rejected your trusted allies, And you will not succeed with them. |
your hands on your head: [LHG], p 63, plate 184 has a picture of Semite captives to Rameses III with their hands tied above their heads.
your trusted allies ← (objects of) confidence. |
| Jer 3:1 | לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ |
It is said, ‘If a man sends his wife away, And she departs from him And becomes another man's, Can he return to her again? Would that land not be badly defiled?’ But you have been promiscuous with many lovers. Yet return to me, Says the Lord. |
be badly defiled: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 3:2 | שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א *שגלת **שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃ |
Lift up your eyes to the heights and see: Where have you not had someone to lie with you? You have sat for them by the roadside, Like an Arabian in the desert, And you have defiled the land With your acts of prostitution And with your wickedness. |
to lie: politely expressed in the qeré, less euphemistically in the ketiv.
roadside ← road. |
| Jer 3:3 | וַיִּמָּנְע֣וּ רְבִבִ֔ים וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ ל֣וֹא הָיָ֑ה וּמֵ֨צַח אִשָּׁ֤ה זוֹנָה֙ הָ֣יָה לָ֔ךְ מֵאַ֖נְתְּ הִכָּלֵֽם׃ |
So the showers of rain were withheld, And there was no latter rain, And you have had the effrontery Of a woman who is a prostitute; You have refused to feel ashamed. |
effrontery ← forehead. |
| Jer 3:4 | הֲל֣וֹא מֵעַ֔תָּה *קראתי **קָרָ֥את לִ֖י אָבִ֑י אַלּ֥וּף נְעֻרַ֖י אָֽתָּה׃ |
Will you not from now on call out to me, ‘My father, You are the family head of my youth.’ |
call out: the ketiv is an Aramaism. |
| Jer 3:5 | הֲיִנְטֹ֣ר לְעוֹלָ֔ם אִם־יִשְׁמֹ֖ר לָנֶ֑צַח הִנֵּ֥ה *דברתי **דִבַּ֛רְתְּ וַתַּעֲשִׂ֥י הָרָע֖וֹת וַתּוּכָֽל׃ פ |
Will he keep his anger age-abidingly? Or will he retain it in perpetuity? Look, you have spoken And done evil things, And you have won the day.” |
you have spoken: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
his anger: compare Lev 19:18, Ps 103:9. won ← she won. On the translation as second person (you), see [Ges-HG] §47k. |
| Jer 3:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י בִּימֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲֽרָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֹלְכָ֨ה הִ֜יא עַל־כָּל־הַ֣ר גָּבֹ֗הַּ וְאֶל־תַּ֛חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָ֖ן וַתִּזְנִי־שָֽׁם׃ | And the Lord said to me in the days of Josiah the king, “Have you seen what apostate Israel has done, going to every high hill and under every luxuriant tree, committing sexual immorality there? |
luxuriant tree: see Jer 2:20.
committing ← and you committed (change of grammatical person). |
| Jer 3:7 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אַחֲרֵ֨י עֲשׂוֹתָ֧הּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה אֵלַ֥י תָּשׁ֖וּב וְלֹא־שָׁ֑בָה *ותראה **וַתֵּ֛רֶא בָּגוֹדָ֥ה אֲחוֹתָ֖הּ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | But after she had done all these things, I said, ‘Return to me.’ But she did not return. And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. | saw: the ketiv is an unapocopated form of the qeré. |
| Jer 3:8 | וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃ | And I saw it, then on all the grounds that apostate Israel had committed adultery, I sent her away and gave her bill of divorce to her, but treacherous Judah her sister did not fear, and she also went and committed sexual immorality. | |
| Jer 3:9 | וְהָיָה֙ מִקֹּ֣ל זְנוּתָ֔הּ וַתֶּחֱנַ֖ף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּנְאַ֥ף אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ׃ | And it came to pass, because of the frivolity of her sexual immorality, that she defiled the land and committed adultery with stone and wood. | stone and wood: i.e. stone and wooden idols. |
| Jer 3:10 | וְגַם־בְּכָל־זֹ֗את לֹא־שָׁ֨בָה אֵלַ֜י בָּגוֹדָ֧ה אֲחוֹתָ֛הּ יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּכָל־לִבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י אִם־בְּשֶׁ֖קֶר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And even despite all this, neither did her treacherous sister Judah return to me with all her heart, but falsely so, says the Lord.” | |
| Jer 3:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י צִדְּקָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Apostate Israel has justified herself more than treacherous Judah. | herself ← her soul. |
| Jer 3:12 | הָלֹ֡ךְ וְקָֽרָאתָ֩ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה צָפ֗וֹנָה וְ֠אָמַרְתָּ שׁ֣וּבָה מְשֻׁבָ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לֽוֹא־אַפִּ֥יל פָּנַ֖י בָּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־חָסִ֤יד אֲנִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א אֶטּ֖וֹר לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
Go and proclaim these things in the north, and say,
‘Return, apostate Israel, Says the Lord. I will not rage at you, For I am kind, Says the Lord; I will not keep my anger age-abidingly. |
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
rage at you ← cause my face to fall on you. |
| Jer 3:13 | אַ֚ךְ דְּעִ֣י עֲוֺנֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖יִךְ פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ וַתְּפַזְּרִ֨י אֶת־דְּרָכַ֜יִךְ לַזָּרִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן וּבְקוֹלִ֥י לֹא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ |
But admit your iniquity, For you have transgressed against the Lord your God, And you have gone in all directions to foreigners, Under every luxuriant tree, But you have not heeded my voice, Says the Lord. |
admit ← know.
gone in all directions ← scattered your ways. luxuriant tree: see Jer 2:20. |
| Jer 3:14 | שׁ֣וּבוּ בָנִ֤ים שׁוֹבָבִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י בָּעַ֣לְתִּי בָכֶ֑ם וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֜ם אֶחָ֣ד מֵעִ֗יר וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ מִמִּשְׁפָּחָ֔ה וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם צִיּֽוֹן׃ | Return, you rebellious sons, says the Lord, for I have married you, and I have taken hold of you – one from a city, and two from a family – and I will bring you to Zion. | |
| Jer 3:15 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם רֹעִ֖ים כְּלִבִּ֑י וְרָע֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֖ם דֵּעָ֥ה וְהַשְׂכֵּֽיל׃ | And I will give you shepherds according to my heart, and they will feed you with knowledge and insight. | shepherds: or pastors. |
| Jer 3:16 | וְהָיָ֡ה כִּ֣י תִרְבּוּ֩ וּפְרִיתֶ֨ם בָּאָ֜רֶץ בַּיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לֹא־יֹ֣אמְרוּ ע֗וֹד אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־לֵ֑ב וְלֹ֤א יִזְכְּרוּ־בוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִפְקֹ֔דוּ וְלֹ֥א יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה עֽוֹד׃ | And it will come to pass, when you multiply and are fruitful on the earth in those days, says the Lord, that they will no longer say, «The ark of the covenant of the Lord.» It will no longer come to mind, nor will they mention it, nor will they go to see it, nor will it be made any more. |
come to mind ← rise on a heart.
go to see ← visit. it be made: or that be done. |
| Jer 3:17 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא יִקְרְא֤וּ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ כִּסֵּ֣א יְהוָ֔ה וְנִקְוּ֨וּ אֵלֶ֧יהָ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם לְשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה לִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלֹא־יֵלְכ֣וּ ע֔וֹד אַחֲרֵ֕י שְׁרִר֖וּת לִבָּ֥ם הָרָֽע׃ ס | At that time they will call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord, and all the Gentiles will gather in it, to the name of the Lord, to Jerusalem, and they will not walk after the evil obstinacy of their heart any more. |
in it ← to it. Pregnant use of the preposition.
obstinacy ← firmness. |
| Jer 3:18 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה יֵלְכ֥וּ בֵית־יְהוּדָ֖ה עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְיָבֹ֤אוּ יַחְדָּו֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנְחַ֖לְתִּי אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | In those days the house of Judah will go to the house of Israel, and they will come together out of the land of the north to the land which I have given to your fathers as an inheritance. | |
| Jer 3:19 | וְאָנֹכִ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֵ֚יךְ אֲשִׁיתֵ֣ךְ בַּבָּנִ֔ים וְאֶתֶּן־לָךְ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֔ה נַחֲלַ֥ת צְבִ֖י צִבְא֣וֹת גּוֹיִ֑ם וָאֹמַ֗ר אָבִי֙ *תקראו־**תִּקְרְאִי־לִ֔י וּמֵאַחֲרַ֖י לֹ֥א *תשובו **תָשֽׁוּבִי׃ |
But I said,
«How shall I place you among the sons, And give you a pleasant land, An inheritance which is the splendour of splendours of the nations?» And I said,«You will call me, ‹My father›, And you will not turn back from following me.» |
you will call ... you will not turn back: the ketiv is plural; the qeré feminine singular. The earlier references to you in this verse are feminine singular.
the splendour of splendours: [AnLx] admits this sense; AV differs (with a goodly ... of the hosts), also possible. |
| Jer 3:20 | אָכֵ֛ן בָּגְדָ֥ה אִשָּׁ֖ה מֵרֵעָ֑הּ כֵּ֣ן בְּגַדְתֶּ֥ם בִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Surely, as a wife is unfaithful to her husband, So you have been unfaithful to me, O house of Israel, Says the Lord. |
is unfaithful to ← betrays. |
| Jer 3:21 | ק֚וֹל עַל־שְׁפָיִ֣ים נִשְׁמָ֔ע בְּכִ֥י תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י הֶעֱוּוּ֙ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֔ם שָׁכְח֖וּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
A sound is heard on the heights, Weeping and supplications of the sons of Israel, For they have taken a crooked path; They have forgotten the Lord their God. |
taken a crooked path ← perverted their way. |
| Jer 3:22 | שׁ֚וּבוּ בָּנִ֣ים שׁוֹבָבִ֔ים אֶרְפָּ֖ה מְשׁוּבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם הִנְנוּ֙ אָתָ֣נוּ לָ֔ךְ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
Return, you rebellious sons. I will heal your apostatizings.’ ” Here we are; We have come to you, For you are the Lord our God. |
here we are ← behold us. |
| Jer 3:23 | אָכֵ֥ן לַשֶּׁ֛קֶר מִגְּבָע֖וֹת הָמ֣וֹן הָרִ֑ים אָכֵן֙ בַּיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ תְּשׁוּעַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Truly, salvation is in vain From hills and many mountains; Truly, the salvation of Israel Is in the Lord our God. |
many ← a multitude of. |
| Jer 3:24 | וְהַבֹּ֗שֶׁת אָֽכְלָ֛ה אֶת־יְגִ֥יעַ אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֑ינוּ אֶת־צֹאנָם֙ וְאֶת־בְּקָרָ֔ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And shame has devoured The hard work of our fathers from our youth – Their sheep and their oxen, Their sons and their daughters. |
|
| Jer 3:25 | נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
Let us lie in our shame, And let our ignominy cover us, For we have sinned against the Lord our God – We and our fathers From our youth up to this day. And we have not heeded The voice of the Lord our God. |
|
| Jer 4:1 | אִם־תָּשׁ֨וּב יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל ׀ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י תָּשׁ֑וּב וְאִם־תָּסִ֧יר שִׁקּוּצֶ֛יךָ מִפָּנַ֖י וְלֹ֥א תָנֽוּד׃ |
“If you will return, O Israel, Says the Lord, Return to me, And if you will remove your abominations from my presence, And you will not be erratic, |
be erratic ← wander, be driven about. |
| Jer 4:2 | וְנִשְׁבַּ֙עְתָּ֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה בֶּאֱמֶ֖ת בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה וְהִתְבָּ֥רְכוּ ב֛וֹ גּוֹיִ֖ם וּב֥וֹ יִתְהַלָּֽלוּ׃ ס |
And you swear that the Lord lives, In truth, in justice, in righteousness, Then the nations will be blessed through him And will boast in him.” |
will be blessed: hithpael for passive; see [Ges-HG] §54g. Compare Job 5:4, Ps 119:52. |
| Jer 4:3 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה לְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְאַֽל־תִּזְרְע֖וּ אֶל־קוֹצִֽים׃ |
For this is what the Lord says To the men of Judah and to Jerusalem: “Till yourselves some fallow land, And do not sow in the thorns. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 4:4 | הִמֹּ֣לוּ לַיהֹוָ֗ה וְהָסִ֙רוּ֙ עָרְל֣וֹת לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם פֶּן־תֵּצֵ֨א כָאֵ֜שׁ חֲמָתִ֗י וּבָעֲרָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין מְכַבֶּ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Circumcise yourselves to the Lord, And remove the foreskin of your heart, You men of Judah and you inhabitants of Jerusalem, So that my fury does not go forth like fire, And burn, With no-one to quench it, For the evil of your actions. |
|
| Jer 4:5 | הַגִּ֣ידוּ בִֽיהוּדָ֗ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ הַשְׁמִ֔יעוּ וְאִמְר֕וּ *ותקעו **תִּקְע֥וּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בָּאָ֑רֶץ קִרְא֤וּ מַלְאוּ֙ וְאִמְר֔וּ הֵאָסְפ֥וּ וְנָב֖וֹאָה אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃ |
Tell of it in Judah, And announce it in Jerusalem, {Q: And say, ‘Sound the ramshorn in the land.’} [K: And declare it, and sound the ramshorn in the land.] Proclaim it aloud and say, ‘Assemble and let us go to the fortified cities. |
proclaim it aloud ← proclaim, fill.
fortified cities ← cities of fortification, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 4:6 | שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס צִיּ֔וֹנָה הָעִ֖יזוּ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ כִּ֣י רָעָ֗ה אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא מִצָּפ֖וֹן וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃ |
Raise a standard in Zion, Bring your household to safety; Do not stand still.’ For I will bring evil from the north, And great destruction. |
in Zion ← into Zion, pregnant use of the locative of motion.
destruction ← breakage. |
| Jer 4:7 | עָלָ֤ה אַרְיֵה֙ מִֽסֻּבְּכ֔וֹ וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם נָסַ֖ע יָצָ֣א מִמְּקֹמ֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם אַרְצֵךְ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרַ֥יִךְ תִּצֶּ֖ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
A lion came up from its thicket, And the one who brings ruin in nations Has set off and left his place To make your land a desolation. Your cities will be laid waste Without an inhabitant. |
left ← gone out of. |
| Jer 4:8 | עַל־זֹ֛את חִגְר֥וּ שַׂקִּ֖ים סִפְד֣וּ וְהֵילִ֑ילוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־שָׁ֛ב חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ פ |
Because of this, gird yourselves with sackcloth, Mourn and howl, For the furious anger of the Lord Has not receded from us. |
furious anger ← fury of anger. |
| Jer 4:9 | וְהָיָ֤ה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה יֹאבַ֥ד לֵב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְלֵ֣ב הַשָּׂרִ֑ים וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וְהַנְּבִיאִ֖ים יִתְמָֽהוּ׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day, Says the Lord, That the king will lose heart, As will the officials, And the priests will be astonished, And the prophets will be astounded.” |
the king will lose heart ← the heart of the king will be lost.
as will the officials ← and the heart of the officials. |
| Jer 4:10 | וָאֹמַ֞ר אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אָכֵן֩ הַשֵּׁ֨א הִשֵּׁ֜אתָ לָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁל֖וֹם יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְנָגְעָ֥ה חֶ֖רֶב עַד־הַנָּֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Then I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, You have truly really deceived this people and Jerusalem, Saying, ‘You will have peace’, But the sword has struck to the quick.” |
really deceived: infinitive absolute.
struck to the quick ← touched as far as the soul. |
| Jer 4:11 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא יֵאָמֵ֤ר לָֽעָם־הַזֶּה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם ר֣וּחַ צַ֤ח שְׁפָיִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּת־עַמִּ֑י ל֥וֹא לִזְר֖וֹת וְל֥וֹא לְהָבַֽר׃ |
At that time, it will be said to this people and to Jerusalem, “There is a dry wind from the heights in the desert, On its way to the daughter of my people, Not for winnowing And not for purifying. |
for winnowing ... for purifying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 4:12 | ר֧וּחַ מָלֵ֛א מֵאֵ֖לֶּה יָ֣בוֹא לִ֑י עַתָּ֕ה גַּם־אֲנִ֛י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים אוֹתָֽם׃ |
A full wind from these places will come to me, And now I too will pronounce judgment on them.” |
|
| Jer 4:13 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים יַעֲלֶ֗ה וְכַסּוּפָה֙ מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו קַלּ֥וּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים סוּסָ֑יו א֥וֹי לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ׃ |
Behold, he will come up as clouds, And his chariots will be like a whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe is us, For we are to be devastated. |
|
| Jer 4:14 | כַּבְּסִ֨י מֵרָעָ֤ה לִבֵּךְ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן תִּוָּשֵׁ֑עִי עַד־מָתַ֛י תָּלִ֥ין בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ךְ מַחְשְׁב֥וֹת אוֹנֵֽךְ׃ |
“Cleanse your heart from evil, Jerusalem, So that you may be saved. How long will your vain thoughts remain within you? |
your vain thoughts ← thoughts of your vanity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 4:15 | כִּ֛י ק֥וֹל מַגִּ֖יד מִדָּ֑ן וּמַשְׁמִ֥יעַ אָ֖וֶן מֵהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ |
For a voice is making an announcement from Dan, And proclaiming vanity from Mount Ephraim. |
vanity: or calamity. |
| Jer 4:16 | הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ לַגּוֹיִ֗ם הִנֵּה֙ הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֹצְרִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ הַמֶּרְחָ֑ק וַֽיִּתְּנ֛וּ עַל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה קוֹלָֽם׃ |
Remind the nations, Look, proclaim to Jerusalem, Watchmen are coming from a distant land, And they have raised their voices Against the cities of Judah. |
voices ← voice. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 4:17 | כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣י שָׂדַ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּי־אֹתִ֥י מָרָ֖תָה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
They are against her like guards around a field, Because she has rebelled against me, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 4:18 | דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ עָשׂ֥וֹ אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ זֹ֤את רָעָתֵךְ֙ כִּ֣י מָ֔ר כִּ֥י נָגַ֖ע עַד־לִבֵּֽךְ׃ ס |
Your way and your deeds have done these things to you – This wickedness of yours, For it is bitter, Because it strikes at your heart.” |
|
| Jer 4:19 | מֵעַ֣י ׀ מֵעַ֨י ׀ *אחולה **אוֹחִ֜ילָה קִיר֥וֹת לִבִּ֛י הֹֽמֶה־לִּ֥י לִבִּ֖י לֹ֣א אַחֲרִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י ק֤וֹל שׁוֹפָר֙ *שמעתי **שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ נַפְשִׁ֔י תְּרוּעַ֖ת מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
My anguish, my anguish; I writhe at the sides of my heart. My heart is agitated in me; I cannot be quiet, For my inner being has heard the sound of the ramshorn – The sound of war. |
I writhe: the qeré is either a variant form of the ketiv or it means I wait.
has heard: the ketiv is an Aramaism. my anguish, my anguish ← my bowels, my bowels. my inner being ... has heard ← my ↴ |
| Jer 4:20 | שֶׁ֤בֶר עַל־שֶׁ֙בֶר֙ נִקְרָ֔א כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּתְאֹם֙ שֻׁדְּד֣וּ אֹהָלַ֔י רֶ֖גַע יְרִיעֹתָֽי׃ |
Destruction upon destruction is reported, For all the land has been spoiled; My tents were suddenly spoiled – My encampment in a moment. |
↳ soul, you have heard.
reported: or met with. encampment ← curtains. |
| Jer 4:21 | עַד־מָתַ֖י אֶרְאֶה־נֵּ֑ס אֶשְׁמְעָ֖ה ק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃ ס |
How long will I see a standard? How long will I hear the sound of a ramshorn? |
|
| Jer 4:22 | כִּ֣י ׀ אֱוִ֣יל עַמִּ֗י אוֹתִי֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בָּנִ֤ים סְכָלִים֙ הֵ֔מָּה וְלֹ֥א נְבוֹנִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ לְהָרַ֔ע וּלְהֵיטִ֖יב לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃ |
“For my people are fools; They do not know me. They are witless sons, And they are not sensible. They are wise in doing wrong, But they do not know how to do what is right.” |
fools ← a fool.
in doing wrong: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 4:23 | רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה־תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם׃ |
I have seen the land And seen that it is desolate and deserted. And concerning the heavens, Their light is absent. |
and seen that it is ← and behold. |
| Jer 4:24 | רָאִ֙יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ׃ |
I have seen the hills And seen that they were trembling, And that all the hills have shaken. |
and seen that they were ← and behold. |
| Jer 4:25 | רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֖ה אֵ֣ין הָאָדָ֑ם וְכָל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נָדָֽדוּ׃ |
I looked and saw that there was no man, And that all the birds of the sky Had flown away. |
and saw that there was ← and behold. |
| Jer 4:26 | רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס |
I looked and saw the well-cultivated plain Looking like the desert, And that all its cities had been demolished Because of the Lord – Because of the fury of his anger. |
and saw ← and behold. |
| Jer 4:27 | כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שְׁמָמָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָלָ֖ה לֹ֥א אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: “All the land will be a desolation, But I will not bring it to a complete end. |
this is what ← thus.
bring it to a complete end ← make an end. |
| Jer 4:28 | עַל־זֹאת֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְקָדְר֥וּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם מִמָּ֑עַל עַ֤ל כִּי־דִבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ זַמֹּ֔תִי וְלֹ֥א נִחַ֖מְתִּי וְלֹא־אָשׁ֥וּב מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
On account of this the land will mourn, And the heavens above will be melancholic, For I have spoken; I have purposed it, And I do not repent, And I will not revoke it. |
revoke it ← return from it. |
| Jer 4:29 | מִקּ֨וֹל פָּרָ֜שׁ וְרֹ֣מֵה קֶ֗שֶׁת בֹּרַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־הָעִ֔יר בָּ֚אוּ בֶּעָבִ֔ים וּבַכֵּפִ֖ים עָל֑וּ כָּל־הָעִ֣יר עֲזוּבָ֔ה וְאֵין־יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בָּהֵ֖ן אִֽישׁ׃ |
At the sound of the horseman and the archer, All the city will flee; They will go to the thickets And go up into the rocks. The whole city will be abandoned, And there will be no man inhabiting any of them. |
|
| Jer 4:30 | *ואתי **וְאַ֨תְּ שָׁד֜וּד מַֽה־תַּעֲשִׂ֗י כִּֽי־תִלְבְּשִׁ֨י שָׁנִ֜י כִּי־תַעְדִּ֣י עֲדִי־זָהָ֗ב כִּֽי־תִקְרְעִ֤י בַפּוּךְ֙ עֵינַ֔יִךְ לַשָּׁ֖וְא תִּתְיַפִּ֑י מָאֲסוּ־בָ֥ךְ עֹגְבִ֖ים נַפְשֵׁ֥ךְ יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ |
And when you have been devastated, What will you do? Even if you dress in scarlet, If you adorn yourself with golden ornaments, If you make your eyes stand out with eye shadow, You will beautify yourself in vain. Your lovers will reject you; They will seek your life. |
you: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
make ... stand out ← tear (open). life ← soul. |
| Jer 4:31 | כִּי֩ ק֨וֹל כְּחוֹלָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי צָרָה֙ כְּמַבְכִּירָ֔ה ק֧וֹל בַּת־צִיּ֛וֹן תִּתְיַפֵּ֖חַ תְּפָרֵ֣שׂ כַּפֶּ֑יהָ אֽוֹי־נָ֣א לִ֔י כִּֽי־עָיְפָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י לְהֹרְגִֽים׃ פ |
For I have heard a sound Like a woman giving birth – Distress like one bearing her firstborn – The sound of the daughter of Zion, Gasping and spreading her hands, Saying, ‘Oh woe is me, For my being is weary With those who kill.’ |
giving birth: [AnLx] derives from חָלָה, to be sick / grieved; [BDB] from חוּל, to writhe, give birth. We choose the latter, despite an irregular spelling, because it fits the context.
being ← soul. |
| Jer 5:1 | שׁוֹטְט֞וּ בְּחוּצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּרְאוּ־נָ֤א וּדְעוּ֙ וּבַקְשׁ֣וּ בִרְחוֹבוֹתֶ֔יהָ אִם־תִּמְצְא֣וּ אִ֔ישׁ אִם־יֵ֛שׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֱמוּנָ֑ה וְאֶסְלַ֖ח לָֽהּ׃ |
Traverse the open places of Jerusalem, And take a look and ascertain and find out Whether you can find a man in her streets, Whether there is anyone acting justly, Seeking faithfulness, And I will pardon the city. |
take a look ← look, please.
find out ← seek. the city ← her. |
| Jer 5:2 | וְאִ֥ם חַי־יְהֹוָ֖ה יֹאמֵ֑רוּ לָכֵ֥ן לַשֶּׁ֖קֶר יִשָּׁבֵֽעוּ׃ |
But if they say, ‘As the Lord lives’, It will be Because they are swearing falsely.” |
because ← therefore, giving the motive, not the consequence. |
| Jer 5:3 | יְהֹוָ֗ה עֵינֶיךָ֮ הֲל֣וֹא לֶאֱמוּנָה֒ הִכִּ֤יתָה אֹתָם֙ וְֽלֹא־חָ֔לוּ כִּלִּיתָ֕ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ קַ֣חַת מוּסָ֑ר חִזְּק֤וּ פְנֵיהֶם֙ מִסֶּ֔לַע מֵאֲנ֖וּ לָשֽׁוּב׃ |
O Lord, are not your eyes for seeing faithfulness? You have struck them without them feeling pain. You have caused them to languish, But they have refused to accept correction. They have hardened themselves more than rock; They have refused to return. |
themselves ← their faces. |
| Jer 5:4 | וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי אַךְ־דַּלִּ֖ים הֵ֑ם נוֹאֲל֕וּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
So I said, “Certainly they are weak; They have acted foolishly, For they do not know the way of the Lord, Or the justice of their God. |
|
| Jer 5:5 | אֵֽלֲכָה־לִּ֤י אֶל־הַגְּדֹלִים֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י הֵ֗מָּה יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם אַ֣ךְ הֵ֤מָּה יַחְדָּו֙ שָׁ֣בְרוּ עֹ֔ל נִתְּק֖וּ מוֹסֵרֽוֹת׃ |
I will betake myself to great men; I will speak to them, For they know the way of the Lord – The justice of their God. But they have altogether broken the yoke; They have unshackled the bonds. |
I will betake myself ← I will go for myself.
the yoke: Barnes' Notes (see biblehub.com) interprets as the Mosaic law. |
| Jer 5:6 | עַל־כֵּן֩ הִכָּ֨ם אַרְיֵ֜ה מִיַּ֗עַר זְאֵ֤ב עֲרָבוֹת֙ יְשָׁדְדֵ֔ם נָמֵ֤ר שֹׁקֵד֙ עַל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כָּל־הַיּוֹצֵ֥א מֵהֵ֖נָּה יִטָּרֵ֑ף כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֔ם עָצְמ֖וּ *משבותיהם **מְשׁוּבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
That is why a lion from the forest will strike them, And a wolf from the arid tracts will prey on them. A leopard will lie in wait in their cities, And everyone who goes out from them will be torn to pieces, For their transgressions are many, And their apostasies are immense.” |
their apostasies: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| Jer 5:7 | אֵ֤י לָזֹאת֙ *אסלוח־ **אֶֽסְלַֽח־לָ֔ךְ בָּנַ֣יִךְ עֲזָב֔וּנִי וַיִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ בְּלֹ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים וָאַשְׂבִּ֤עַ אוֹתָם֙ וַיִּנְאָ֔פוּ וּבֵ֥ית זוֹנָ֖ה יִתְגֹּדָֽדוּ׃ |
“On what account should I pardon you? Your sons have forsaken me And have sworn by what are not gods. And when I filled them with food, They committed adultery And converged on the house of a prostitute. |
should I pardon: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré, although MT pointing indicates a difference in pronunciation.
on what account ← what for this. filled ← satiated. converged on: or lacerated themselves (in). |
| Jer 5:8 | סוּסִ֥ים מְיֻזָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הָי֑וּ אִ֛ישׁ אֶל־אֵ֥שֶׁת רֵעֵ֖הוּ יִצְהָֽלוּ׃ |
They were like ruttish horses, Wandering about lusting, Each neighing after his neighbour's wife. |
ruttish: or, [AnLx], heavy, stout. [BDB]= ruttish.
wandering about lusting: from root שׁכה, plural. AV differs (in the morning), root שׁכם, singular. neighing: used of shouting for joy; see Isa 10:30, Isa 12:6, and compare Mark 1:43, John 11:38. |
| Jer 5:9 | הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לוֹא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה וְאִם֙ בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס |
Shall I not visit on account of these things? Says the Lord, And shall my being not be avenged On a nation such as this? |
visit ← punish.
being ← soul. |
| Jer 5:10 | עֲל֤וּ בְשָׁרוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְשַׁחֵ֔תוּ וְכָלָ֖ה אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ הָסִ֙ירוּ֙ נְטִ֣ישׁוֹתֶ֔יהָ כִּ֛י ל֥וֹא לַיהוָ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃ |
‘Go up onto her walls and demolish it, But do not bring it to a complete end. Remove its bulwarks For they are not for the Lord. |
go up: the direct speech here is as if to an attacker. |
| Jer 5:11 | כִּי֩ בָג֨וֹד בָּגְד֜וּ בִּ֗י בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
For the house of Israel and the house of Judah Have treacherously betrayed me’, Says the Lord. |
treacherously betrayed: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 5:12 | כִּֽחֲשׁוּ֙ בַּיהוָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹא־ה֑וּא וְלֹא־תָב֤וֹא עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֶ֥רֶב וְרָעָ֖ב ל֥וֹא נִרְאֶֽה׃ |
They have acted deceitfully with the Lord and said, ‘He is not concerned. No harm will come over us, And we will not see sword or famine.’ |
|
| Jer 5:13 | וְהַנְּבִיאִים֙ יִֽהְי֣וּ לְר֔וּחַ וְהַדִּבֵּ֖ר אֵ֣ין בָּהֶ֑ם כֹּ֥ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃ ס |
And the prophets are becoming wind, And the word is not present among them. So it shall be done to them.” |
|
| Jer 5:14 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צְבָא֔וֹת יַ֚עַן דַּבֶּרְכֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה הִנְנִ֣י נֹתֵן֩ דְּבָרַ֨י בְּפִ֜יךָ לְאֵ֗שׁ וְהָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֛ה עֵצִ֖ים וַאֲכָלָֽתַם׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord God of hosts says: “Because you have said these words, I am about to make my words in your mouth fire, And this people wood, And it will consume them. |
this is what ← thus.
these words ← this word / thing. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 5:15 | הִנְנִ֣י מֵבִיא֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם גּ֧וֹי מִמֶּרְחָ֛ק בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה גּ֣וֹי ׀ אֵיתָ֣ן ה֗וּא גּ֤וֹי מֵעוֹלָם֙ ה֔וּא גּ֚וֹי לֹא־תֵדַ֣ע לְשֹׁנ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁמַ֖ע מַה־יְדַבֵּֽר׃ |
I am about to bring a people over you from afar, O house of Israel, Says the Lord. It is a strong nation, It is an age-old nation – A nation whose tongue you do not know, And you will not understand what they say. |
I am about to ← behold me.
a nation: i.e., [CB], the Chaldeans. understand ← hear. they say ← it says. |
| Jer 5:16 | אַשְׁפָּת֖וֹ כְּקֶ֣בֶר פָּת֑וּחַ כֻּלָּ֖ם גִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
Their quiver is like an open grave; They are all warriors. |
|
| Jer 5:17 | וְאָכַ֨ל קְצִֽירְךָ֜ וְלַחְמֶ֗ךָ יֹאכְלוּ֙ בָּנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יךָ יֹאכַ֤ל צֹאנְךָ֙ וּבְקָרֶ֔ךָ יֹאכַ֥ל גַּפְנְךָ֖ וּתְאֵנָתֶ֑ךָ יְרֹשֵׁ֞שׁ עָרֵ֣י מִבְצָרֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה בּוֹטֵ֥חַ בָּהֵ֖נָּה בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ |
And they will eat your harvest and your bread, They will eat your sons and your daughters, They will eat your sheep and your oxen, They will eat your vine and your fig tree; They will emaciate your fortified cities In which you trust, with the sword. |
they (5x): singular (he / it), plural, singular, singular, singular. AV differs (which thy sons and thy daughters should eat), applying the second case differently to the others, perhaps justifiably. |
| Jer 5:18 | וְגַ֛ם בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה לֹֽא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה אִתְּכֶ֖ם כָּלָֽה׃ |
But neither in those days, Says the Lord, Will I bring you to a complete end. |
|
| Jer 5:19 | וְהָיָה֙ כִּ֣י תֹאמְר֔וּ תַּ֣חַת מֶ֗ה עָשָׂ֨ה יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ לָ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עֲזַבְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ וַתַּעַבְד֞וּ אֱלֹהֵ֤י נֵכָר֙ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֔ם כֵּ֚ן תַּעַבְד֣וּ זָרִ֔ים בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א לָכֶֽם׃ ס |
And it will come to pass that you will say, ‘In return for what Has the Lord our God done all these things to us?’ And you will say to them, ‘Just as you forsook me And served foreign gods in your land, So you will serve foreigners in a land not yours.’ |
|
| Jer 5:20 | הַגִּ֥ידוּ זֹ֖את בְּבֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְהַשְׁמִיע֥וּהָ בִיהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ |
Report this in the house of Jacob, And announce it in Judah, And say, |
|
| Jer 5:21 | שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֔את עַ֥ם סָכָ֖ל וְאֵ֣ין לֵ֑ב עֵינַ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א יִרְא֔וּ אָזְנַ֥יִם לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ |
‘Now hear this, you foolish people, And without a heart, Who have eyes, But will not see; Who have ears, But will not hear, |
Mark 8:18. |
| Jer 5:22 | הַאוֹתִ֨י לֹא־תִירָ֜אוּ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֗ה אִ֤ם מִפָּנַי֙ לֹ֣א תָחִ֔ילוּ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֤מְתִּי חוֹל֙ גְּב֣וּל לַיָּ֔ם חָק־עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יַעַבְרֶ֑נְהוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יוּכָ֔לוּ וְהָמ֥וּ גַלָּ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יַעַבְרֻֽנְהוּ׃ |
Do you not fear me? Says the Lord. Do you not tremble at the presence of me Who have set sand as a border to the sea – An age-abiding statute – So that it will not pass over it? And although its waves are turbulent, They do not prevail, And although they rage, They do not pass over it. |
who have set: verb in the first person. Or, if the reader prefers, who has set.
although (2x): concessive use of the vav. |
| Jer 5:23 | וְלָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ הָיָ֔ה לֵ֖ב סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֑ה סָ֖רוּ וַיֵּלֵֽכוּ׃ |
But this people has a recalcitrant and rebellious heart. They turn aside And go their way. |
|
| Jer 5:24 | וְלֹֽא־אָמְר֣וּ בִלְבָבָ֗ם נִ֤ירָא נָא֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הַנֹּתֵ֗ן גֶּ֛שֶׁם *וירה **יוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ בְּעִתּ֑וֹ שְׁבֻע֛וֹת חֻקּ֥וֹת קָצִ֖יר יִשְׁמָר־לָֽנוּ׃ |
And they have not said in their heart, «Let us now fear the Lord our God Who gives rain – {K: Both early} [Q: Early] rain and latter rain in its time. He keeps statutory weeks and harvest-time for us.» |
statutory weeks ← weeks of statute, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 5:25 | עֲוֺנוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם הִטּוּ־אֵ֑לֶּה וְחַטֹּ֣אותֵיכֶ֔ם מָנְע֥וּ הַטּ֖וֹב מִכֶּֽם׃ |
Your iniquities have caused these things to depart, And your sins have held goodness back from you. |
|
| Jer 5:26 | כִּי־נִמְצְא֥וּ בְעַמִּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֑ים יָשׁוּר֙ כְּשַׁ֣ךְ יְקוּשִׁ֔ים הִצִּ֥יבוּ מַשְׁחִ֖ית אֲנָשִׁ֥ים יִלְכֹּֽדוּ׃ |
For among my people wicked men are found; They lie in wait like the couching down Of those who trap birds. They set a trap; They catch men. |
|
| Jer 5:27 | כִּכְלוּב֙ מָ֣לֵא ע֔וֹף כֵּ֥ן בָּתֵּיהֶ֖ם מְלֵאִ֣ים מִרְמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֥ן גָּדְל֖וּ וַֽיַּעֲשִֽׁירוּ׃ |
Like a cage full of birds, So their houses are full of deceit, Which is how they become important And become rich. |
|
| Jer 5:28 | שָׁמְנ֣וּ עָשְׁת֗וּ גַּ֚ם עָֽבְר֣וּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֔ע דִּ֣ין לֹא־דָ֔נוּ דִּ֥ין יָת֖וֹם וְיַצְלִ֑יחוּ וּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים לֹ֥א שָׁפָֽטוּ׃ |
They become fat, They have a shining complexion; They have even transgressed in matters of the wicked one. They do not execute justice – Justice of the orphan – And they become prosperous. They do not do justice to the poor. |
the wicked one: ≈ [CB] (the lawless one).
do justice to ← judge justice of. |
| Jer 5:29 | הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹֽא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה אִ֚ם בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס |
Shall I not visit on account of these things? Says the Lord, And shall my being not be avenged On a nation such as this? |
visit: i.e. punish.
being ← soul. |
| Jer 5:30 | שַׁמָּה֙ וְשַׁ֣עֲרוּרָ֔ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
An astonishing and horrendous thing Has taken place in the land. |
|
| Jer 5:31 | הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים נִבְּא֣וּ־בַשֶּׁ֗קֶר וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ יִרְדּ֣וּ עַל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמִּ֖י אָ֣הֲבוּ כֵ֑ן וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃ |
The prophets have prophesied falsely, And the priests march hand in hand with them, And my people love it like that. So what will you do at its conclusion?’ ” |
march hand in hand with them ← tread at their hands. AV differs (bear rule by their means). |
| Jer 6:1 | הָעִ֣זוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י בִניָמִ֗ן מִקֶּ֙רֶב֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּבִתְק֙וֹעַ֙ תִּקְע֣וּ שׁוֹפָ֔ר וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית הַכֶּ֖רֶם שְׂא֣וּ מַשְׂאֵ֑ת כִּ֥י רָעָ֛ה נִשְׁקְפָ֥ה מִצָּפ֖וֹן וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃ |
Bring your household to safety, You sons of Benjamin, From the heart of Jerusalem. And sound the ramshorn in Tekoa, And light a signal fire in Beth-Haccerem, For trouble is impending from the north, And a great catastrophe. |
heart ← midst.
trouble ← evil. |
| Jer 6:2 | הַנָּוָה֙ וְהַמְּעֻנָּגָ֔ה דָּמִ֖יתִי בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
I have likened the daughter of Zion To a fair and delicate woman. |
|
| Jer 6:3 | אֵלֶ֛יהָ יָבֹ֥אוּ רֹעִ֖ים וְעֶדְרֵיהֶ֑ם תָּקְע֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ אֹהָלִים֙ סָבִ֔יב רָע֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־יָדֽוֹ׃ |
Shepherds will come to her with their flocks, They will pitch their tents near her round about; Each one will pasture in his place. |
near: or against.
place ← hand, but many other meanings. |
| Jer 6:4 | קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה ק֖וּמוּ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה בַֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם א֥וֹי לָ֙נוּ֙ כִּי־פָנָ֣ה הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֥י יִנָּט֖וּ צִלְלֵי־עָֽרֶב׃ |
“Sanctify a war against her; Arise, we will go up at midday.” Woe to us, for the day has advanced, For the evening shadows are lengthening. |
The verse quotes the enemy's words against Zion. Also in Jer 6:5.
advanced ← turned. are lengthening ← are extended. |
| Jer 6:5 | ק֚וּמוּ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה בַלָּ֔יְלָה וְנַשְׁחִ֖יתָה אַרְמְנוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
“Arise, and let us go up in the night, And destroy her palaces.” |
|
| Jer 6:6 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת כִּרְת֣וּ עֵצָ֔ה וְשִׁפְכ֥וּ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סֹלְלָ֑ה הִ֚יא הָעִ֣יר הָפְקַ֔ד כֻּלָּ֖הּ עֹ֥שֶׁק בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord of hosts says: “Cut down wood, And throw up a rampart against Jerusalem. She is the city which will be visited. There is nothing but oppression inside her. |
this is what ← thus.
there is nothing but ← all of her (is). |
| Jer 6:7 | כְּהָקִ֥יר *בור **בַּ֙יִר֙ מֵימֶ֔יהָ כֵּ֖ן הֵקֵ֣רָה רָעָתָ֑הּ חָמָ֣ס וָ֠שֹׁד יִשָּׁ֨מַע בָּ֧הּ עַל־פָּנַ֛י תָּמִ֖יד חֳלִ֥י וּמַכָּֽה׃ |
As a cistern keeps its water cool, So she has kept her wickedness cool. Violence and plundering are heard within her; Before me are sickness and wounding continually. |
cistern: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
keeps ... cool ... kept ...cool: root קרר. AV differs (casteth out). [AnLx] has let spring up, root קור. |
| Jer 6:8 | הִוָּסְרִי֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם פֶּן־תֵּקַ֥ע נַפְשִׁ֖י מִמֵּ֑ךְ פֶּן־אֲשִׂימֵ֣ךְ שְׁמָמָ֔ה אֶ֖רֶץ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁבָה׃ פ |
Be chastised, Jerusalem, So that I myself do not become alienated from you, So that I do not make you a desolation – An uninhabited land.” |
I myself do not ← my soul does not. |
| Jer 6:9 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עוֹלֵ֛ל יְעוֹלְל֥וּ כַגֶּ֖פֶן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הָשֵׁב֙ יָדְךָ֔ כְּבוֹצֵ֖ר עַל־סַלְסִלּֽוֹת׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts says: “They will certainly glean out the remnant of Israel, As with a vine. Saying, ‘Draw your hand back to the baskets, As a vine reaper does.’ |
this is what ← thus.
certainly glean out: infinitive absolute. AV differs, not having our nested direct speech. |
| Jer 6:10 | עַל־מִ֨י אֲדַבְּרָ֤ה וְאָעִ֙ידָה֙ וְיִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הִנֵּה֙ עֲרֵלָ֣ה אָזְנָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֑יב הִנֵּ֣ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לְחֶרְפָּ֖ה לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃ |
To whom can I speak and testify, And they will hear? Look, their ears are uncircumcised, And they are unable to listen. Look, the word of the Lord came to them as a reproach; They did not delight in it. |
ears are ← ear is. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26.
came ← became. |
| Jer 6:11 | וְאֵת֩ חֲמַ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה ׀ מָלֵ֙אתִי֙ נִלְאֵ֣יתִי הָכִ֔יל שְׁפֹ֤ךְ עַל־עוֹלָל֙ בַּח֔וּץ וְעַ֛ל ס֥וֹד בַּחוּרִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו כִּֽי־גַם־אִ֤ישׁ עִם־אִשָּׁה֙ יִלָּכֵ֔דוּ זָקֵ֖ן עִם־מְלֵ֥א יָמִֽים׃ |
And I am full of the fury of the Lord; I am weary of enduring it. ‘Heap it up On a child out of doors, And on a secret meeting of young men together’, For even a man and wife will be taken, And an old man with him who is full of days. |
enduring ← containing.
heap ← pour, cast up. AV differs somewhat (I will pour). We introduce nested direct speech to indicate that these are the words of the attacking army. |
| Jer 6:12 | וְנָסַ֤בּוּ בָֽתֵּיהֶם֙ לַאֲחֵרִ֔ים שָׂד֥וֹת וְנָשִׁ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו כִּֽי־אַטֶּ֧ה אֶת־יָדִ֛י עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And their houses will be transferred to others – Fields and wives together – For I will stretch out my hand over the inhabitants of the land, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 6:13 | כִּ֤י מִקְּטַנָּם֙ וְעַד־גְּדוֹלָ֔ם כֻּלּ֖וֹ בּוֹצֵ֣עַ בָּ֑צַע וּמִנָּבִיא֙ וְעַד־כֹּהֵ֔ן כֻּלּ֖וֹ עֹ֥שֶׂה שָּֽׁקֶר׃ |
For from the least of them to the greatest of them, Every one of them defrauds for unjust gain, And among both prophet and priest Every one acts falsely. |
both ... and: see 1 Sam 15:3. |
| Jer 6:14 | וַֽיְרַפְּא֞וּ אֶת־שֶׁ֤בֶר עַמִּי֙ עַל־נְקַלָּ֔ה לֵאמֹ֖ר שָׁל֣וֹם ׀ שָׁל֑וֹם וְאֵ֖ין שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
And they had an easy way Of healing the demise of my people, Saying, ‘Peace, peace’, When there was no peace. |
The verse is ironic.
and they had an easy way ← lightly. demise ← breakage. |
| Jer 6:15 | הֹבִ֕ישׁוּ כִּ֥י תוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשׂ֑וּ גַּם־בּ֣וֹשׁ לֹֽא־יֵב֗וֹשׁוּ גַּם־הַכְלִים֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ לָכֵ֞ן יִפְּל֧וּ בַנֹּפְלִ֛ים בְּעֵת־פְּקַדְתִּ֥ים יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Were they ashamed when they committed an abomination? They were not ashamed at all, Nor did they have a sense of ignominy, Which is why they will be among those who fall. At the time when I visit them, They will stumble, Says the Lord.” |
at all: infinitive absolute.
have a sense of ignominy ← know causing ignominy, but not causal here. be among those who fall ← fall among the fallers. |
| Jer 6:16 | כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה עִמְדוּ֩ עַל־דְּרָכִ֨ים וּרְא֜וּ וְשַׁאֲל֣וּ ׀ לִנְתִב֣וֹת עוֹלָ֗ם אֵי־זֶ֨ה דֶ֤רֶךְ הַטּוֹב֙ וּלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וּמִצְא֥וּ מַרְגּ֖וֹעַ לְנַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֥א נֵלֵֽךְ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Stand on the ways and see, And ask for the age-old paths; Ask which way is the right one, And walk on it, And find rest for yourselves. But they said, ‘We will not walk there.’ |
this is what ← thus.
right ← good. selves ← souls. |
| Jer 6:17 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ צֹפִ֔ים הַקְשִׁ֖יבוּ לְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֥א נַקְשִֽׁיב׃ |
And I set up watchmen over you, Who said, ‘Listen to the sound of the ramshorn’, But they said, ‘We will not listen.’ |
|
| Jer 6:18 | לָכֵ֖ן שִׁמְע֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּדְעִ֥י עֵדָ֖ה אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽם׃ |
Therefore hear, O nations, And know, O congregation, What is to happen among them. |
|
| Jer 6:19 | שִׁמְעִ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה פְּרִ֣י מַחְשְׁבוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֤י עַל־דְּבָרַי֙ לֹ֣א הִקְשִׁ֔יבוּ וְתוֹרָתִ֖י וַיִּמְאֲסוּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
Hear O earth, I am about to bring trouble to this people – The fruit of their thoughts – For they have not listened to my words, And as for my law, They have rejected it. |
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 6:20 | לָמָּה־זֶּ֨ה לִ֤י לְבוֹנָה֙ מִשְּׁבָ֣א תָב֔וֹא וְקָנֶ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מֶרְחָ֑ק עֹלֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ לֹ֣א לְרָצ֔וֹן וְזִבְחֵיכֶ֖ם לֹא־עָ֥רְבוּ לִֽי׃ ס |
What is this to me that frankincense should come from Sheba? And fine cinnamon from a distant country? Your burnt offerings are not a delight, And your sacrifices do not please me.” |
a distant country ← a country of distance, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 6:21 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה מִכְשֹׁלִ֑ים וְכָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֠ם אָב֨וֹת וּבָנִ֥ים יַחְדָּ֛ו שָׁכֵ֥ן וְרֵע֖וֹ *יאבדו **וְאָבָֽדוּ׃ פ |
That is why this is what the Lord says: “I am about to put stumbling blocks before this people, And fathers and sons will stumble at them {K: together;} [Q: together,] {K: A} [Q: And a] neighbour and his friend will perish.” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 6:22 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֑וֹן וְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל יֵע֖וֹר מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Look, a people is coming from the land of the north, And a great nation will be awakened From the remote parts of the earth. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 6:23 | קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִיד֞וֹן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
They will wield bow and spear; They are cruel And they will not show mercy. Their voice roars like the sea, And they ride on horses. They are mobilized as men ready for war against you, O daughter of Zion.” |
they are ← he is. |
| Jer 6:24 | שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ אֶת־שָׁמְע֖וֹ רָפ֣וּ יָדֵ֑ינוּ צָרָה֙ הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְנוּ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ |
We have heard of their fame, Our hands have become limp, And adversity has taken hold of us, As has writhing like a woman giving birth. |
|
| Jer 6:25 | אַל־*תצאי **תֵּֽצְאוּ֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּבַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אַל־*תלכי **תֵּלֵ֑כוּ כִּ֚י חֶ֣רֶב לְאֹיֵ֔ב מָג֖וֹר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ |
Do not go out into the field, And do not walk on the road, For the enemy has a sword, And there is fear all round. |
go out ... walk: the ketiv is feminine singular, the qeré masculine plural. |
| Jer 6:26 | בַּת־עַמִּ֤י חִגְרִי־שָׂק֙ וְהִתְפַּלְּשִׁ֣י בָאֵ֔פֶר אֵ֤בֶל יָחִיד֙ עֲשִׂ֣י לָ֔ךְ מִסְפַּ֖ד תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים כִּ֣י פִתְאֹ֔ם יָבֹ֥א הַשֹּׁדֵ֖ד עָלֵֽינוּ׃ |
O daughter of my people, Gird yourself with sackcloth, And roll in ashes. Occupy yourself with mourning as for an only son – With bitter lamentation – For the destroyer will come upon us suddenly. |
bitter lamentation ← lamentation of bitternesses, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 6:27 | בָּח֛וֹן נְתַתִּ֥יךָ בְעַמִּ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר וְתֵדַ֕ע וּבָחַנְתָּ֖ אֶת־דַּרְכָּֽם׃ |
“I have made you an assayer And a fortification among my people, So that you may know and examine their way. |
assayer: i.e. an analyzer of the composition of metals, cognate with the word for examine. AV differs (tower). |
| Jer 6:28 | כֻּלָּם֙ סָרֵ֣י סֽוֹרְרִ֔ים הֹלְכֵ֥י רָכִ֖יל נְחֹ֣שֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֑ל כֻּלָּ֥ם מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃ |
They are all inveterate rebels, Who go about slandering. They are copper and iron; They are all ruinous people. |
ruinous people ← ruiners. |
| Jer 6:29 | נָחַ֣ר מַפֻּ֔חַ *מאשתם **מֵאֵ֖שׁ **תַּ֣ם עֹפָ֑רֶת לַשָּׁוְא֙ צָרַ֣ף צָר֔וֹף וְרָעִ֖ים לֹ֥א נִתָּֽקוּ׃ |
There is burning with bellows; In the fire, lead is consumed. The refiner refines in vain, And the wicked are not drawn off. |
in the fire ... consumed: in the ketiv, this is written as one word.
there is burning with bellows: niphal of חָרַר, to burn; alternatively, the bellows snort, qal of נָחַר. |
| Jer 6:30 | כֶּ֣סֶף נִמְאָ֔ס קָרְא֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־מָאַ֥ס יְהוָ֖ה בָּהֶֽם׃ פ |
They will be called rejected silver, For the Lord has rejected them.” |
be called ← call them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 7:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, to say, | came ← became. |
| Jer 7:2 | עֲמֹ֗ד בְּשַׁ֙עַר֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְקָרָ֣אתָ שָּׁ֔ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה כָּל־יְהוּדָה֙ הַבָּאִים֙ בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | “Stand at the gate of the house of the Lord and proclaim there these words, and say, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, all of Judah who enter at these gates to worship the Lord. | these words ← this word. |
| Jer 7:3 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשַׁכְּנָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says: «Mend your ways and your deeds, and I will install you in this place. |
this is what ← thus.
install ← cause to dwell. |
| Jer 7:4 | אַל־תִּבְטְח֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃ | Do not put your trust in lying words, which say, ‹These are the temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord.› | lying words: perhaps translate false things, i.e. idols. |
| Jer 7:5 | כִּ֤י אִם־הֵיטֵיב֙ תֵּיטִ֔יבוּ אֶת־דַּרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑ם אִם־עָשׂ֤וֹ תַֽעֲשׂוּ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֥ין רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | For if you mend your ways and your deeds properly, if you conscientiously execute justice between a man and his neighbour, | mend ... properly ... conscientiously execute: both verbs (mend properly is one verb) are an infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 7:6 | גֵּ֣ר יָת֤וֹם וְאַלְמָנָה֙ לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשֹׁ֔קוּ וְדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י אַֽל־תִּשְׁפְּכ֖וּ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים אֲחֵרִ֛ים לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ לְרַ֥ע לָכֶֽם׃ | and do not oppress the foreigner, the orphan or the widow, and do not shed innocent blood in this place, and do not go after other gods to your detriment, | |
| Jer 7:7 | וְשִׁכַּנְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמִן־עוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | then I will install you in this place, in the land which I have given your fathers from age to age. | install ← cause to dwell. |
| Jer 7:8 | הִנֵּ֤ה אַתֶּם֙ בֹּטְחִ֣ים לָכֶ֔ם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַשָּׁ֑קֶר לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל׃ | Look, you are putting your trust in lying words, which are to no avail. | |
| Jer 7:9 | הֲגָנֹ֤ב ׀ רָצֹ֙חַ֙ וְֽנָאֹ֔ף וְהִשָּׁבֵ֥עַ לַשֶּׁ֖קֶר וְקַטֵּ֣ר לַבָּ֑עַל וְהָלֹ֗ךְ אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃ | Will you steal and murder and commit adultery and swear falsely and burn incense to Baal, and go after other gods which you have not known, | steal ... murder ... commit adultery ... swear ... burn incense ... go: all infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs. |
| Jer 7:10 | וּבָאתֶ֞ם וַעֲמַדְתֶּ֣ם לְפָנַ֗י בַּבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עָלָ֔יו וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם נִצַּ֑לְנוּ לְמַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | and then come and stand in my presence in this house at which my name is called on, and say, ‹We have been delivered in order to commit all these abominations›? | |
| Jer 7:11 | הַמְעָרַ֣ת פָּרִצִ֗ים הָיָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת הַזֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָֽא־שְׁמִ֥י עָלָ֖יו בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם גַּ֧ם אָנֹכִ֛י הִנֵּ֥ה רָאִ֖יתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Has this house, at which my name is called on in your sight, become a den of thieves? Look, I for my part have seen it, says the Lord. |
Matt 21:13, Mark 11:17, Luke 19:46.
den of thieves ← cave of burglars. |
| Jer 7:12 | כִּ֣י לְכוּ־נָ֗א אֶל־מְקוֹמִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשִׁיל֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׁכַּ֧נְתִּֽי שְׁמִ֛י שָׁ֖ם בָּרִֽאשׁוֹנָ֑ה וּרְאוּ֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי ל֔וֹ מִפְּנֵ֕י רָעַ֖ת עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For just go to my place which is in Shiloh, where I installed my name at first, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of my people Israel. | Shiloh ← Shilo here. |
| Jer 7:13 | וְעַתָּ֗ה יַ֧עַן עֲשׂוֹתְכֶ֛ם אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּֽעֲשִׂ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וָאֲדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיכֶ֜ם הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם וְדַבֵּר֙ וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֔ם וָאֶקְרָ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עֲנִיתֶֽם׃ | And now, on account of your doing all these deeds, says the Lord, I arose early to speak to you, but when I spoke, you did not listen, and when I called you, you did not respond. |
your doing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
I spoke: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 7:14 | וְעָשִׂ֜יתִי לַבַּ֣יִת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר נִֽקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עָלָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ בֹּטְחִ֣ים בּ֔וֹ וְלַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְשִׁלֽוֹ׃ | And I will do to the house at which my name is called on, which you trust in, and to the place which I gave to you and to your fathers, as I did to Shiloh. | Shiloh ← Shilo here. |
| Jer 7:15 | וְהִשְׁלַכְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר הִשְׁלַ֙כְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲחֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־זֶ֥רַע אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ ס | And I will banish you from my presence, as I banished all your brothers – all the seed of Ephraim.» ’ | |
| Jer 7:16 | וְאַתָּ֞ה אַל־תִּתְפַּלֵּ֣ל ׀ בְּעַד־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה וְאַל־תִּשָּׂ֧א בַעֲדָ֛ם רִנָּ֥ה וּתְפִלָּ֖ה וְאַל־תִּפְגַּע־בִּ֑י כִּי־אֵינֶ֥נִּי שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אֹתָֽךְ׃ | And as for you, do not pray for this people, and do not raise a cry for help or a prayer for them, and do not entreat me, for I will not hear you. | |
| Jer 7:17 | הַֽאֵינְךָ֣ רֹאֶ֔ה מָ֛ה הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִׂ֖ים בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the open areas of Jerusalem? | |
| Jer 7:18 | הַבָּנִ֞ים מְלַקְּטִ֣ים עֵצִ֗ים וְהָֽאָבוֹת֙ מְבַעֲרִ֣ים אֶת־הָאֵ֔שׁ וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים לָשׁ֣וֹת בָּצֵ֑ק לַעֲשׂ֨וֹת כַּוָּנִ֜ים לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְהַסֵּ֤ךְ נְסָכִים֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן הַכְעִסֵֽנִי׃ | The sons gather wood, and the fathers light the fire, and the women knead dough to make sacrificial cakes for the queen of heaven, and they pour libations to other gods, so provoking me to anger. |
queen of heaven: i.e. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת, Astarte, Venus.
they pour: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 7:19 | הַאֹתִ֛י הֵ֥ם מַכְעִסִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא אֹתָ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן בֹּ֥שֶׁת פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | Is it me that they provoke to anger? says the Lord. Is it not themselves, with the consequence of them being shamefaced? | with the consequence of them being shamefaced ← on account of shame of their faces. |
| Jer 7:20 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אַפִּ֤י וַֽחֲמָתִי֙ נִתֶּ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־הָֽאָדָם֙ וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְעַל־עֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְעַל־פְּרִ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וּבָעֲרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ ס | That is why this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘My anger and my fury are about to be poured out on this place, on man and on the cattle, and on the wood of the countryside and on the fruit of the ground, and it will burn and not be extinguished.’ |
this is what ← thus.
are about to ← behold. |
| Jer 7:21 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֹלוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם סְפ֥וּ עַל־זִבְחֵיכֶ֖ם וְאִכְל֥וּ בָשָֽׂר׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices, and eat meat. |
The verse is ironic, the sense being add the holy offerings, which you have profaned anyway, to your secular meals.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 7:22 | כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דִבַּ֤רְתִּי אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֔ים בְּי֛וֹם *הוציא **הוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֥י עוֹלָ֖ה וָזָֽבַח׃ | For I did not speak to your fathers and I did not command them when {K: I} [Q: I] brought them out of the land of Egypt concerning matters of burnt offering and sacrifice, | when ← on the day of (+ gerundial infinitive). |
| Jer 7:23 | כִּ֣י אִֽם־אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַ֠זֶּה צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹתָ֤ם לֵאמֹר֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י וְהָיִ֤יתִי לָכֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּֽהְיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֑ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן יִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃ | except that I commanded them this thing and said, «Heed my voice, and I will be God to you, and you will be a people to me, and walk in all the way which I command you, in order that it shall go well with you.» ’ | |
| Jer 7:24 | וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ בְּמֹ֣עֵצ֔וֹת בִּשְׁרִר֖וּת לִבָּ֣ם הָרָ֑ע וַיִּהְי֥וּ לְאָח֖וֹר וְלֹ֥א לְפָנִֽים׃ | But they did not take heed, and they did not incline their ears, and they walked in various devices and the obstinacy of their evil heart, and they became backward moving, and not forward moving, | ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 7:25 | לְמִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים י֖וֹם הַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹֽחַ׃ | from the day when your fathers came out of the land of Egypt up to this day, yet I sent all my servants the prophets to them, rising early daily and sending them. |
yet: adversative use of the vav.
rising ... sending: both are infinitive absolute. daily ← day. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Jer 7:26 | וְל֤וֹא שָׁמְעוּ֙ אֵלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א הִטּ֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֑ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם הֵרֵ֖עוּ מֵאֲבוֹתָֽם׃ | But they did not listen to me, and they did not incline their ears, but they stiffened their necks, and they acted more wickedly than their fathers. | ears ... necks ← ear ... neck. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 7:27 | וְדִבַּרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יַעֲנֽוּכָה׃ | And when you speak all these things to them, they do not listen to you, and when you call out to them, they do not answer you. | |
| Jer 7:28 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם זֶ֤ה הַגּוֹי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֽוֹא־שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א לָקְח֖וּ מוּסָ֑ר אָֽבְדָה֙ הָֽאֱמוּנָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מִפִּיהֶֽם׃ ס | Now you will say to them, ‘This is the nation which did not heed the voice of the Lord their God, and which did not accept correction. Faithfulness has been lost, and it has been cast away from their mouth. | |
| Jer 7:29 | גָּזִּ֤י נִזְרֵךְ֙ וְֽהַשְׁלִ֔יכִי וּשְׂאִ֥י עַל־שְׁפָיִ֖ם קִינָ֑ה כִּ֚י מָאַ֣ס יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּטֹּ֖שׁ אֶת־דּ֥וֹר עֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃ | Shave off your long hair and cast it away, and take up a lamentation on your high places, for the Lord has rejected and abandoned the generation of his wrath. | long hair: of a Nazarite; see Num 6:2, Num 6:18 (concerning the hair), Judg 13:5, Judg 16:17 (Samson and his hair). |
| Jer 7:30 | כִּֽי־עָשׂ֨וּ בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֥ה הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינַ֖י נְאֻום־יְהוָ֑ה שָׂ֣מוּ שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶ֗ם בַּבַּ֛יִת אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָא־שְׁמִ֥י עָלָ֖יו לְטַמְּאֽוֹ׃ | For the sons of Judah have done what is wrong in my sight, says the Lord. They have put their abominations in the house at which my name is called on, so as to defile it. | |
| Jer 7:31 | וּבָנ֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת הַתֹּ֗פֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם לִשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צִוִּ֔יתִי וְלֹ֥א עָלְתָ֖ה עַל־לִבִּֽי׃ ס | And they have built the idolatrous raised sites to Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire, which I did not command and which did not enter my mind. |
Topheth: AV= Tophet here, but not in 2 Ki 23:10.
the Valley of the Son of Hinnom: from which via Greek, Gehenna. enter my mind ← arise in my heart. |
| Jer 7:32 | לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹא־יֵאָמֵ֨ר ע֤וֹד הַתֹּ֙פֶת֙ וְגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם כִּ֖י אִם־גֵּ֣יא הַהֲרֵגָ֑ה וְקָבְר֥וּ בְתֹ֖פֶת מֵאֵ֥ין מָקֽוֹם׃ | Therefore behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when it will no longer be called Topheth and the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, but the Valley of Killing, and they will bury people in Topheth until there is no room. | Topheth ... the Valley of the Son of Hinnom ... Topheth: see Jer 7:31. |
| Jer 7:33 | וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה נִבְלַ֨ת הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֵ֖ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ | And the corpses of this people will be food for the birds of the sky and the animals of the land, and there will be no-one to frighten them away. | corpses ← corpse. |
| Jer 7:34 | וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֣י ׀ מֵעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וּמֵֽחֻצוֹת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם ק֤וֹל שָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְק֣וֹל שִׂמְחָ֔ה ק֥וֹל חָתָ֖ן וְק֣וֹל כַּלָּ֑ה כִּ֥י לְחָרְבָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And in the cities of Judah and the open places of Jerusalem I will put a stop to the sound of rejoicing and the sound of happiness, the sound of a bridegroom and the sound of a bride, for the land will become a desolation. | Rev 18:23. |
| Jer 8:1 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֣יא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה *ויציאו **יוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹת מַלְכֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֣ה וְאֶת־עַצְמוֹת־שָׂרָיו֩ וְאֶת־עַצְמ֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ עַצְמ֣וֹת הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים וְאֵ֛ת עַצְמ֥וֹת יוֹשְׁבֵֽי־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֖ם מִקִּבְרֵיהֶֽם׃ | At that time, says the Lord, they will bring out the bones of the kings of Judah and the bones of their officials, and the bones of the priests, and the bones of the prophets, and the bones of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, from their graves. |
they will bring out (ketiv) ← then they will bring out.
their officials ← his officials. |
| Jer 8:2 | וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ | And they will spread them out to the sun and to the moon and to the whole host of the heavens which they loved and which they served, and after which they went, and which they inquired of, and which they worshipped. They will not be gathered, and they will not be buried, but they will be dung on the surface of the land. | |
| Jer 8:3 | וְנִבְחַ֥ר מָ֙וֶת֙ מֵֽחַיִּ֔ים לְכֹ֗ל הַשְּׁאֵרִית֙ הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֔ים מִן־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה הָֽרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּכָל־הַמְּקֹמ֤וֹת הַנִּשְׁאָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִדַּחְתִּ֣ים שָׁ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ ס | And death will be chosen rather than life, by all the remnant of this evil family who remain, in all the places which remain, to which I have driven them, says the Lord of hosts.’ | |
| Jer 8:4 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲיִפְּל֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יָק֑וּמוּ אִם־יָשׁ֖וּב וְלֹ֥א יָשֽׁוּב׃ |
And you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord says:
«Will they fall, And not arise? Will one turn away from me, And not turn back to me? |
this is what ← thus.
turn away ... turn back: the Hebrew uses exactly the same word twice. A play on words. [CB] differs. |
| Jer 8:5 | מַדּ֨וּעַ שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֛ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מְשֻׁבָ֣ה נִצַּ֑חַת הֶחֱזִ֙יקוּ֙ בַּתַּרְמִ֔ית מֵאֲנ֖וּ לָשֽׁוּב׃ |
Why is this people – Apostate Jerusalem – Constantly rebellious? They have persisted in deceit; They have refused to return. |
persisted in ← held onto. |
| Jer 8:6 | הִקְשַׁ֤בְתִּי וָֽאֶשְׁמָע֙ לוֹא־כֵ֣ן יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ אֵ֣ין אִ֗ישׁ נִחָם֙ עַל־רָ֣עָת֔וֹ לֵאמֹ֖ר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתִי כֻּלֹּ֗ה שָׁ֚ב *במרצותם **בִּמְר֣וּצָתָ֔ם כְּס֥וּס שׁוֹטֵ֖ף בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
I listened and I heard, But they did not speak honestly. There is no man Who has repented of his evil, Who says, ‹What have I done?› They have all turned away in their impetuousness, Like a horse charging into battle. |
impetuousness: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Jer 8:7 | גַּם־חֲסִידָ֣ה בַשָּׁמַ֗יִם יָֽדְעָה֙ מֽוֹעֲדֶ֔יהָ וְתֹ֤ר *וסוס **וְסִיס֙ וְעָג֔וּר שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־עֵ֣ת בֹּאָ֑נָה וְעַמִּ֕י לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָֽה׃ |
Even the stork in the sky Knows its set times, And the turtle-dove and {Q: swallow} [K: horse] and the crane Keep the time of their arrival, But my people Do not know the justice of the Lord. |
The ketiv has a vav where the qeré has a yod. Interchange of these (similar) letters is a common reason for a qeré reading. |
| Jer 8:8 | אֵיכָ֤ה תֹֽאמְרוּ֙ חֲכָמִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ אָכֵן֙ הִנֵּ֣ה לַשֶּׁ֣קֶר עָשָׂ֔ה עֵ֖ט שֶׁ֥קֶר סֹפְרִֽים׃ |
How can you say, ‹We are wise, And the law of the Lord is with us?› Truly, look, he made it in vain; The scribes' pen is in vain. |
the scribes' pen is in vain ← the pen (is) vanity of the scribes. |
| Jer 8:9 | הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ חֲכָמִ֔ים חַ֖תּוּ וַיִּלָּכֵ֑דוּ הִנֵּ֤ה בִדְבַר־יְהוָה֙ מָאָ֔סוּ וְחָכְמַֽת־מֶ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃ ס |
The wise men have been put to shame. They are terrified, and they have been caught. Look, they have rejected the word of the Lord, And what wisdom do they have? |
what wisdom ← wisdom of what. |
| Jer 8:10 | לָכֵן֩ אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶ֜ם לַאֲחֵרִ֗ים שְׂדֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְי֣וֹרְשִׁ֔ים כִּ֤י מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל כֻּלֹּ֖ה בֹּצֵ֣עַ בָּ֑צַע מִנָּבִיא֙ וְעַד־כֹּהֵ֔ן כֻּלֹּ֖ה עֹ֥שֶׂה שָּֽׁקֶר׃ |
That is why I will give their wives to others, And their fields to those who take possession of them, Because from small to great, They have all relentlessly made unjust gain; Among both prophet and priest They all deal falsely. |
relentlessly made unjust gain: infinitive absolute.
both ... and: see 1 Sam 15:3. |
| Jer 8:11 | וַיְרַפּ֞וּ אֶת־שֶׁ֤בֶר בַּת־עַמִּי֙ עַל־נְקַלָּ֔ה לֵאמֹ֖ר שָׁל֣וֹם ׀ שָׁל֑וֹם וְאֵ֖ין שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
And they had an easy way of healing the demise of my people, Saying, ‹Peace, peace›, When there was no peace. |
Compare Jer 6:14. |
| Jer 8:12 | הֹבִ֕שׁוּ כִּ֥י תוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשׂ֑וּ גַּם־בּ֣וֹשׁ לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֗שׁוּ וְהִכָּלֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ לָכֵ֞ן יִפְּל֣וּ בַנֹּפְלִ֗ים בְּעֵ֧ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֛ם יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Were they ashamed when they committed an abomination? They were not ashamed at all, Nor did they have a sense of ignominy, Which is why they will be among those who fall. At the time of their visitation, They will stumble, Says the Lord. |
committed: or made.
at all: infinitive absolute. have a sense of ignominy ... be among those: see Jer 6:14. |
| Jer 8:13 | אָסֹ֥ף אֲסִיפֵ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה אֵין֩ עֲנָבִ֨ים בַּגֶּ֜פֶן וְאֵ֧ין תְּאֵנִ֣ים בַּתְּאֵנָ֗ה וְהֶֽעָלֶה֙ נָבֵ֔ל וָאֶתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יַעַבְרֽוּם׃ |
I will certainly make an end of them, Says the Lord. There are no grapes on the vine, And no figs on the fig tree, And the foliage is withering. And what I have given them, They transgress.» ’ ” |
certainly make an end: from two cognate roots, with an infinitive absolute.
they transgress: AV differs (shall pass away). |
| Jer 8:14 | עַל־מָה֙ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ וְנָב֛וֹא אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָ֖ר וְנִדְּמָה־שָּׁ֑ם כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ הֲדִמָּ֙נוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣נוּ מֵי־רֹ֔אשׁ כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לַיהוָֽה׃ |
Why are we sitting down? Gather yourselves, And let us go to the fortified cities And be silent there, For the Lord our God has silenced us, And he has given us hemlock water to drink, For we have sinned against the Lord. |
fortified cities ← cities of fortification, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 8:15 | קַוֵּ֥ה לְשָׁל֖וֹם וְאֵ֣ין ט֑וֹב לְעֵ֥ת מַרְפֵּ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה בְעָתָֽה׃ |
We waited for peace, But there was nothing good, For a time of healing, But what came was terror. |
we waited: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
what came was ← behold. |
| Jer 8:16 | מִדָּ֤ן נִשְׁמַע֙ נַחְרַ֣ת סוּסָ֗יו מִקּוֹל֙ מִצְהֲל֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו רָעֲשָׁ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּב֗וֹאוּ וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ ס |
From Dan the snorting of his horses was heard. At the sound of neighing of his mighty animals, All the earth trembled. And they came, and they devoured the land and its fulness, And the city and those living in it. |
|
| Jer 8:17 | כִּי֩ הִנְנִ֨י מְשַׁלֵּ֜חַ בָּכֶ֗ם נְחָשִׁים֙ צִפְעֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם לָ֑חַשׁ וְנִשְּׁכ֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
“For I am about to send serpents and vipers against you, Which cannot be charmed, And they will bite you, Says the Lord.” |
I am about to ← behold me.
which cannot be charmed ← which (have) no charming. |
| Jer 8:18 | מַבְלִ֥יגִיתִ֖י עֲלֵ֣י יָג֑וֹן עָלַ֖י לִבִּ֥י דַוָּֽי׃ |
My cheerfulness has turned into sorrow; My heart is faint within me. |
within me ← upon me. |
| Jer 8:19 | הִנֵּה־ק֞וֹל שַֽׁוְעַ֣ת בַּת־עַמִּ֗י מֵאֶ֙רֶץ֙ מַרְחַקִּ֔ים הַֽיהוָה֙ אֵ֣ין בְּצִיּ֔וֹן אִם־מַלְכָּ֖הּ אֵ֣ין בָּ֑הּ מַדּ֗וּעַ הִכְעִס֛וּנִי בִּפְסִלֵיהֶ֖ם בְּהַבְלֵ֥י נֵכָֽר׃ |
Just hear the sound of the crying out Of the daughter of my people, From a distant land. Is the Lord not at Zion? Or is her king not in her? “Why have they provoked me to anger with their carved images – With their foreign idols?” |
just hear ← behold. |
| Jer 8:20 | עָבַ֥ר קָצִ֖יר כָּ֣לָה קָ֑יִץ וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ |
The harvest has passed away; The summer has ended, But we have not been saved. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 8:21 | עַל־שֶׁ֥בֶר בַּת־עַמִּ֖י הָשְׁבָּ֑רְתִּי קָדַ֕רְתִּי שַׁמָּ֖ה הֶחֱזִקָֽתְנִי׃ |
I am distressed at the distress Of the daughter of my people. I am dejected; Astonishment has taken hold of me. |
distressed ... distress ← broken ... breakage.
astonishment: or desolation. |
| Jer 8:22 | הַצֳרִי֙ אֵ֣ין בְּגִלְעָ֔ד אִם־רֹפֵ֖א אֵ֣ין שָׁ֑ם כִּ֗י מַדּ֙וּעַ֙ לֹ֣א עָֽלְתָ֔ה אֲרֻכַ֖ת בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ |
Is there no balsam in Gilead? Or is there no doctor there? So why has the health of the daughter of my people not blossomed? |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
blossomed ← sprung up. |
| Jer 8:23 Jer 9:1AV |
מִֽי־יִתֵּ֤ן רֹאשִׁי֙ מַ֔יִם וְעֵינִ֖י מְק֣וֹר דִּמְעָ֑ה וְאֶבְכֶּה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אֵ֖ת חַֽלְלֵ֥י בַת־עַמִּֽי׃ |
If only I had a head full of water – For my eye is a source of tears – Then I would weep day and night For the casualties of the daughter of my people. |
if only I had ← who will give?
tears ← a tear. |
| Jer 9:1 Jer 9:2AV |
מִֽי־יִתְּנֵ֣נִי בַמִּדְבָּ֗ר מְלוֹן֙ אֹֽרְחִ֔ים וְאֶֽעֶזְבָה֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְאֵלְכָ֖ה מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים עֲצֶ֖רֶת בֹּגְדִֽים׃ |
If only I had in the desert a traveller's lodging place So that I could leave my people And go away from them, “For they are all adulterers – An assembly of traitors. |
if only I had ← who will give me?
traveller's ← travellers'. |
| Jer 9:2 Jer 9:3AV |
וַֽיַּדְרְכ֤וּ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם֙ קַשְׁתָּ֣ם שֶׁ֔קֶר וְלֹ֥א לֶאֱמוּנָ֖ה גָּבְר֣וּ בָאָ֑רֶץ כִּי֩ מֵרָעָ֨ה אֶל־רָעָ֧ה ׀ יָצָ֛אוּ וְאֹתִ֥י לֹֽא־יָדָ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And they have spoken deceitfully, Their bow is false, And they have not become strong in the land In a faithful way, For they have gone from one bad thing to another, And they have not known me, Says the Lord. |
spoken deceitfully ← drawn their tongue, an analogy with drawing a bow.
in a faithful way: לְ serving as a periphrasis of the adverb. gone from one bad thing to another ← gone out from badness to badness. |
| Jer 9:3 Jer 9:4AV |
אִ֤ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ הִשָּׁמֵ֔רוּ וְעַל־כָּל־אָ֖ח אַל־תִּבְטָ֑חוּ כִּ֤י כָל־אָח֙ עָק֣וֹב יַעְקֹ֔ב וְכָל־רֵ֖עַ רָכִ֥יל יַהֲלֹֽךְ׃ |
Let each man beware of his neighbour, And do not trust any brother, For every brother will defraud and defraud, And every neighbour will go about slandering. |
any ← every.
defraud and defraud: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 9:4 Jer 9:5AV |
וְאִ֤ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְהָתֵ֔לּוּ וֶאֱמֶ֖ת לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ לִמְּד֧וּ לְשׁוֹנָ֛ם דַּבֶּר־שֶׁ֖קֶר הַעֲוֵ֥ה נִלְאֽוּ׃ |
And each man will deceive his neighbour, And they will not speak the truth. They have taught their tongue to speak lies; They have exerted themselves in acting iniquitously. |
in acting iniquitously: gerundial use of the infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 9:5 Jer 9:6AV |
שִׁבְתְּךָ֖ בְּת֣וֹךְ מִרְמָ֑ה בְּמִרְמָ֛ה מֵאֲנ֥וּ דַֽעַת־אוֹתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
You are seated in the midst of deceit; It is through deceit That they refuse to know me, Says the Lord.” |
you are seated ← your seating. |
| Jer 9:6 Jer 9:7AV |
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י צוֹרְפָ֖ם וּבְחַנְתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֣יךְ אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord of hosts says: “I am about to refine them, And I will test them, For how else should I act In view of the daughter of my people? |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 9:7 Jer 9:8AV |
חֵ֥ץ *שוחט **שָׁח֛וּט לְשׁוֹנָ֖ם מִרְמָ֣ה דִבֵּ֑ר בְּפִ֗יו שָׁל֤וֹם אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְדַבֵּ֔ר וּבְקִרְבּ֖וֹ יָשִׂ֥ים אָרְבּֽוֹ׃ |
Their tongue is {K: a deadly} [Q: a hammered] arrow; It speaks deceit. With his mouth a man speaks peaceably with his neighbour, But inwardly he plans his plot. |
deadly (ketiv) / hammered (qeré): AV differs (shot out). |
| Jer 9:8 Jer 9:9AV |
הַעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹֽא־אֶפְקָד־בָּ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה אִ֚ם בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס |
Shall I not visit them on account of these things, Says the Lord, And shall my being not be avenged On a nation such as this? |
being ← soul. |
| Jer 9:9 Jer 9:10AV |
עַל־הֶ֨הָרִ֜ים אֶשָּׂ֧א בְכִ֣י וָנֶ֗הִי וְעַל־נְא֤וֹת מִדְבָּר֙ קִינָ֔ה כִּ֤י נִצְּתוּ֙ מִבְּלִי־אִ֣ישׁ עֹבֵ֔ר וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ק֣וֹל מִקְנֶ֑ה מֵע֤וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה נָדְד֖וּ הָלָֽכוּ׃ |
I will bring forth weeping and lamentation for the hills, And a dirge for the pastures in the desert, For they have been burned, So that no man passes through, And no sound of cattle has been heard. Both birds of the sky and cattle have migrated And have gone away. |
bring forth ← raise.
has been heard ← they have heard. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 9:10 Jer 9:11AV |
וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְגַלִּ֖ים מְע֣וֹן תַּנִּ֑ים וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מִבְּלִ֖י יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ ס |
And I will turn Jerusalem into heaps of stones – An abode for jackals – And I will make the cities of Judah a desolation Without any inhabitant. |
|
| Jer 9:11 Jer 9:12AV |
מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הֶֽחָכָם֙ וְיָבֵ֣ן אֶת־זֹ֔את וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר פִּֽי־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו וְיַגִּדָ֑הּ עַל־מָה֙ אָבְדָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ נִצְּתָ֥ה כַמִּדְבָּ֖ר מִבְּלִ֖י עֹבֵֽר׃ ס | Who is the wise man who understands this, and to whom the mouth of the Lord has spoken, so that he may proclaim it? Why should the land perish, being burned up like a desert, with no-one passing through?” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 9:12 Jer 9:13AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־עָזְבָם֙ אֶת־תּ֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֥וּ בְקוֹלִ֖י וְלֹא־הָ֥לְכוּ בָֽהּ׃ | And the Lord said, “Because of them deserting my law, which I gave in their presence, but they did not heed my voice, and they did not walk in it, |
them deserting: gerundial use of the infinitive.
walk in it: i.e. walk in the law (of Moses), in grammatical agreement. |
| Jer 9:13 Jer 9:14AV |
וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י שְׁרִר֣וּת לִבָּ֑ם וְאַחֲרֵי֙ הַבְּעָלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִמְּד֖וּם אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ ס | and they walked according to the obstinacy of their heart, and after the Baalim, which their fathers taught them, | Baalim: i.e. gods of the Phoenicians. |
| Jer 9:14 Jer 9:15AV |
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֧י מַאֲכִילָ֛ם אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה לַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְהִשְׁקִיתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹֽאשׁ׃ | – because of that – this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘I am about to feed wormwood to this people, and to give them hemlock water to drink. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. wormwood: metaphorically of distress [AnLx]. |
| Jer 9:15 Jer 9:16AV |
וַהֲפִֽצוֹתִים֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַֽאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃ פ | And I will scatter them among nations which neither they nor their fathers knew, and I will send the sword after them until I have made an end of them.’ ” | |
| Jer 9:16 Jer 9:17AV |
כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִתְבּֽוֹנְנ֛וּ וְקִרְא֥וּ לַמְקוֹנְנ֖וֹת וּתְבוֹאֶ֑ינָה וְאֶל־הַחֲכָמ֥וֹת שִׁלְח֖וּ וְתָבֽוֹאנָה׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts, says:
“Take note And call for the women who lament, So that they come, And send for women skilled in the art So that they come. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 9:17 Jer 9:18AV |
וּתְמַהֵ֕רְנָה וְתִשֶּׂ֥נָה עָלֵ֖ינוּ נֶ֑הִי וְתֵרַ֤דְנָה עֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ דִּמְעָ֔ה וְעַפְעַפֵּ֖ינוּ יִזְּלוּ־מָֽיִם׃ |
And let them hasten to recite a lamentation on our account, So that our eyes run with tears, And our eyelids flow with water. |
recite ← raise.
tears ← a tear. |
| Jer 9:18 Jer 9:19AV |
כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִּיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
For the sound of lamentation is heard, Coming from Zion, ‘How we have been plundered; We have been very much put to shame, For we have abandoned the land, For our tent sites have been overthrown.’ ” |
we have been ... put to shame: qal for passive of hiphil. See Job 15:30.
have been overthrown ← they have overthrown. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 9:19 Jer 9:20AV |
כִּֽי־שְׁמַ֤עְנָה נָשִׁים֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה וְתִקַּ֥ח אָזְנְכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־פִּ֑יו וְלַמֵּ֤דְנָה בְנֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ נֶ֔הִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ קִינָֽה׃ |
But, you women, Hear the word of the Lord, And let your ears accept the word of his mouth, And teach your daughters lamentation, And let each teach her neighbour a dirge. |
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 9:20 Jer 9:21AV |
כִּֽי־עָ֤לָה מָ֙וֶת֙ בְּחַלּוֹנֵ֔ינוּ בָּ֖א בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ לְהַכְרִ֤ית עוֹלָל֙ מִח֔וּץ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מֵרְחֹבֽוֹת׃ |
For death has come through our windows; It has entered our castles To cut down the infant outside And the youth in the streets. |
youth ← youths.
in the streets ← from the streets. |
| Jer 9:21 Jer 9:22AV |
דַּבֵּ֗ר כֹּ֚ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנָֽפְלָה֙ נִבְלַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם כְּדֹ֖מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּכְעָמִ֛יר מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הַקֹּצֵ֖ר וְאֵ֥ין מְאַסֵּֽף׃ ס |
Say, “This is what the Lord says: ‘And a man's dead body will fall Like dung on the surface of a field, And like sheaves behind the reaper, With no-one gathering them up.’ |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 9:22 Jer 9:23AV |
כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֤ל חָכָם֙ בְּחָכְמָת֔וֹ וְאַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֥ל הַגִּבּ֖וֹר בִּגְבֽוּרָת֑וֹ אַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֥ל עָשִׁ֖יר בְּעָשְׁרֽוֹ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: ‘Do not let the wise man boast of his wisdom, And do not let the valiant warrior boast of his valiance, And do not let the wealthy man boast of his wealth, |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 9:23 Jer 9:24AV |
כִּ֣י אִם־בְּזֹ֞את יִתְהַלֵּ֣ל הַמִּתְהַלֵּ֗ל הַשְׂכֵּל֮ וְיָדֹ֣עַ אוֹתִי֒ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֛סֶד מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בְאֵ֥לֶּה חָפַ֖צְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
But rather let the boaster boast in this: Being instructed and knowing me, For I, the Lord, Act with kindness, justice and righteousness in the land, For it is in these that I delight, Says the Lord. |
1 Cor 1:31, 2 Cor 10:17, where it is adapted a little.
being instructed ... knowing: gerundial infinitives, here the infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 9:24 Jer 9:25AV |
הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּפָ֣קַדְתִּ֔י עַל־כָּל־מ֖וּל בְּעָרְלָֽה׃ | Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will visit everyone who is circumcised but in uncircumcision | uncircumcision ← foreskin. The next verse suggests interpreting this verse as circumcised according to the flesh, but not by a spiritual circumcision. Compare Col 2:11. |
| Jer 9:25 Jer 9:26AV |
עַל־מִצְרַ֣יִם וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֗ה וְעַל־אֱד֞וֹם וְעַל־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ וְעַל־מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל֙ כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֔ה הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֤י כָל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ עֲרֵלִ֔ים וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַרְלֵי־לֵֽב׃ ס | – Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the sons of Ammon, and Moab, and all who have had their sidelocks cut, those who live in the desert – for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.’ ” |
sidelocks: compare Lev 19:27, Jer 49:32. AV differs (utmost corners).
uncircumcised of heart: see Jer 9:24 (Jer 9:25AV). |
| Jer 10:1 | שִׁמְע֣וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Hear the word which the Lord has spoken to you, O house of Israel. | |
| Jer 10:2 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם֙ אַל־תִּלְמָ֔דוּ וּמֵאֹת֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ כִּֽי־יֵחַ֥תּוּ הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מֵהֵֽמָּה׃ |
“This is what the Lord says:
‘Do not learn the ways of the Gentiles, And do not be afraid of signs in the sky, For the Gentiles are afraid of them. |
this is what ← thus.
ways ← way. sky: or heavens. |
| Jer 10:3 | כִּֽי־חֻקּ֥וֹת הָֽעַמִּ֖ים הֶ֣בֶל ה֑וּא כִּֽי־עֵץ֙ מִיַּ֣עַר כְּרָת֔וֹ מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵ֥י־חָרָ֖שׁ בַּֽמַּעֲצָֽד׃ |
For the customs of the various peoples are vain, For it is a tree of the forest which a person cuts down, And it becomes the work of the hands of a craftsman with a chisel. |
customs: or statutes.
vain ← vanity. Adjectival use of the noun. |
| Jer 10:4 | בְּכֶ֥סֶף וּבְזָהָ֖ב יְיַפֵּ֑הוּ בְּמַסְמְר֧וֹת וּבְמַקָּב֛וֹת יְחַזְּק֖וּם וְל֥וֹא יָפִֽיק׃ |
He beautifies it with silver and with gold, And they strengthen it with nails and with hammers So that it is not fragile. |
it ← them, as if understanding by them.
so that: purposive use of the vav. fragile: or unstable. |
| Jer 10:5 | כְּתֹ֨מֶר מִקְשָׁ֥ה הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ נָשׂ֥וֹא יִנָּשׂ֖וּא כִּ֣י לֹ֣א יִצְעָ֑דוּ אַל־תִּֽירְא֤וּ מֵהֶם֙ כִּי־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֔עוּ וְגַם־הֵיטֵ֖יב אֵ֥ין אוֹתָֽם׃ ס |
They are like a rigid post, And they do not speak. They need to be carried Because they cannot walk. Do not fear them, For they cannot do harm, And neither can they do any good.’ ” |
rigid post: [ST] offers colonne massive (solid pillar). Others, palm tree (in) a field of cucumbers; see [BDB]'s root קשׁא.
need to be carried: infinitive absolute. walk ← step, march. |
| Jer 10:6 | מֵאֵ֥ין כָּמ֖וֹךָ יְהוָ֑ה גָּד֥וֹל אַתָּ֛ה וְגָד֥וֹל שִׁמְךָ֖ בִּגְבוּרָֽה׃ |
Seeing that there is no-one like you, O Lord, You are great, And your name is great in might. |
|
| Jer 10:7 | מִ֣י לֹ֤א יִֽרָאֲךָ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּ֥י לְךָ֖ יָאָ֑תָה כִּ֣י בְכָל־חַכְמֵ֧י הַגּוֹיִ֛ם וּבְכָל־מַלְכוּתָ֖ם מֵאֵ֥ין כָּמֽוֹךָ׃ |
Who does not fear you, O king of the nations? For it is fitting for you, In that among all the wise men of the nations And in all their kingdoms, There is no-one like you. |
Rev 15:4.
kingdoms ← kingdom. there is no-one ← from / because no-one. |
| Jer 10:8 | וּבְאַחַ֖ת יִבְעֲר֣וּ וְיִכְסָ֑לוּ מוּסַ֥ר הֲבָלִ֖ים עֵ֥ץ הֽוּא׃ |
They are at the same time vulgar and foolish; For instruction in vain things, They have a piece of wood. |
instruction in ← instruction of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 10:9 | כֶּ֣סֶף מְרֻקָּ֞ע מִתַּרְשִׁ֣ישׁ יוּבָ֗א וְזָהָב֙ מֵֽאוּפָ֔ז מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חָרָ֖שׁ וִידֵ֣י צוֹרֵ֑ף תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ לְבוּשָׁ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֲכָמִ֖ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
Beaten silver is brought from Tarshish, And gold from Uphaz. The work of the craftsman and the hands of the refiner, The blue and the purple material for their clothing – They are all the work of skilled men. |
|
| Jer 10:10 | וַֽיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱמֶ֔ת הֽוּא־אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּ֖ים וּמֶ֣לֶךְ עוֹלָ֑ם מִקִּצְפּוֹ֙ תִּרְעַ֣שׁ הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹֽא־יָכִ֥לוּ גוֹיִ֖ם זַעְמֽוֹ׃ ס |
But the Lord God is truthful; He is the living God And the age-abiding king. At his anger, the earth trembles; The nations cannot endure his indignation. |
truthful ← truth. |
| Jer 10:11 | כִּדְנָה֙ תֵּאמְר֣וּן לְה֔וֹם אֱלָ֣הַיָּ֔א דִּֽי־שְׁמַיָּ֥א וְאַרְקָ֖א לָ֣א עֲבַ֑דוּ יֵאבַ֧דוּ מֵֽאַרְעָ֛א וּמִן־תְּח֥וֹת שְׁמַיָּ֖א אֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | You shall say this to them: “The gods which did not make the heavens and the earth will perish from the earth and from below these heavens. | This verse is in Aramaic. |
| Jer 10:12 | עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם׃ |
He is the maker of the earth by his power – The preparer of the world by his wisdom – Who stretched out the heavens With his understanding. |
|| Jer 51:15.
heavens: or skies. |
| Jer 10:13 | לְק֨וֹל תִּתּ֜וֹ הֲמ֥וֹן מַ֙יִם֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעֲלֶ֥ה נְשִׂאִ֖ים מִקְצֵ֣ה *ארץ **הָאָ֑רֶץ בְּרָקִ֤ים לַמָּטָר֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיּ֥וֹצֵא ר֖וּחַ מֵאֹצְרֹתָֽיו׃ |
When he sounds his voice, There is roaring of water in the sky, And he makes vapours rise from the ends of {K: the earth} [Q: the earth]. He produces lightning with the rain, And he brings wind out of his storehouses. |
|| Jer 51:16, Ps 135:7.
when he sounds his voice ← at the giving of his voice. roaring: or a large quantity. sky: or heavens. ends ← end. |
| Jer 10:14 | נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל־אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל־צוֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם׃ |
Every man has become deficient in knowledge; Every metalsmith has become ashamed of the idol, For his cast figure is a false thing, And there is no spirit in them. |
|| Jer 51:17. |
| Jer 10:15 | הֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
They are vanity – A work based on delusions. At the time of their visitation, They will perish. |
|| Jer 51:18.
based on ← of. Wider use of the construct state. their visitation: an objective genitive. |
| Jer 10:16 | לֹֽא־כְאֵ֜לֶּה חֵ֣לֶק יַעֲקֹ֗ב כִּֽי־יוֹצֵ֤ר הַכֹּל֙ ה֔וּא וְיִ֨שְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֵׁ֖בֶט נַֽחֲלָת֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
Such is not the portion of Jacob; Rather, it is he who is the fashioner of everything, And of Israel, the sceptre of his inheritance – The Lord of hosts is his name.” |
|| Jer 51:19.
such ← as these (things). |
| Jer 10:17 | אִסְפִּ֥י מֵאֶ֖רֶץ כִּנְעָתֵ֑ךְ *ישבתי **יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃ ס |
Collect up your belongings And take them away from the land, You who dwell in the fortification. |
you who dwell: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Both are feminine singular. See [Ges-HG] §90n.
the fortification: i.e. Jerusalem [CB]. |
| Jer 10:18 | כִּֽי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י קוֹלֵ֛עַ אֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֑את וַהֲצֵר֥וֹתִי לָהֶ֖ם לְמַ֥עַן יִמְצָֽאוּ׃ ס |
For this is what the Lord says: “I am about to sling out the inhabitants of the land at this time, And I will cause them distress In order that they may encounter it.” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. sling out: the same root word as in Judg 20:16, 1 Sam 17:49 (sling, slung). |
| Jer 10:19 | א֥וֹי לִי֙ עַל־שִׁבְרִ֔י נַחְלָ֖ה מַכָּתִ֑י וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי אַ֛ךְ זֶ֥ה חֳלִ֖י וְאֶשָּׂאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Woe is me for my demise; My wound is morbid, And I have said, “This really is a calamity Which I shall bear.” |
woe is me ← woe to me.
demise ← breakage. wound ← blow. calamity: or infirmity. |
| Jer 10:20 | אָהֳלִ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔ד וְכָל־מֵיתָרַ֖י נִתָּ֑קוּ בָּנַ֤י יְצָאֻ֙נִי֙ וְאֵינָ֔ם אֵין־נֹטֶ֥ה עוֹד֙ אָהֳלִ֔י וּמֵקִ֖ים יְרִיעוֹתָֽי׃ |
My tent has been plundered, And all my guylines have been detached. My sons have gone away from me, And they are not to be found, And there is no-one pitching my tent any more Or setting up my encampment. |
encampment ← curtains. |
| Jer 10:21 | כִּ֤י נִבְעֲרוּ֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א דָרָ֑שׁוּ עַל־כֵּן֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַרְעִיתָ֖ם נָפֽוֹצָה׃ ס |
For the shepherds have become callous, And they have not sought the Lord, Which is why they have not acted prudently, And all their flock has been scattered. |
flock ← pasture, standing for what is pastured (metonymy of adjunct). |
| Jer 10:22 | ק֤וֹל שְׁמוּעָה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֔ה וְרַ֥עַשׁ גָּד֖וֹל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֑וֹן לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה מְע֥וֹן תַּנִּֽים׃ ס |
You will find that a report of a rumour is coming, And a great tumult from the land of the north, To make the cities of Judah a desolation – A dwelling place for jackals. |
you will find that ... is coming ← behold it is coming. |
| Jer 10:23 | יָדַ֣עְתִּי יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י לֹ֥א לָאָדָ֖ם דַּרְכּ֑וֹ לֹֽא־לְאִ֣ישׁ הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְהָכִ֖ין אֶֽת־צַעֲדֽוֹ׃ |
I know, O Lord, That it is not for man to determine his way; It is not for man when walking To direct his own steps. |
steps ← step. |
| Jer 10:24 | יַסְּרֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה אַךְ־בְּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט אַל־בְּאַפְּךָ֖ פֶּן־תַּמְעִטֵֽנִי׃ |
Discipline me, O Lord, But with justice; Not in your anger, So that you do not diminish me. |
|
| Jer 10:25 | שְׁפֹ֣ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֗ עַל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּךָ וְעַל֙ מִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִׁמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א קָרָ֑אוּ כִּֽי־אָכְל֣וּ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַאֲכָלֻ֙הוּ֙ וַיְכַלֻּ֔הוּ וְאֶת־נָוֵ֖הוּ הֵשַֽׁמּוּ׃ פ |
Pour out your wrath on the Gentiles Who have not known you, And on the families Who have not called on your name, For they have devoured Jacob And devoured him more, And they have made an end of him, And they have devastated his abode. |
|| Ps 79:6, Ps 79:7. |
| Jer 11:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 11:2 | שִׁמְע֕וּ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את וְדִבַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | “Hear the words of this covenant, and speak them to the men of Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, | |
| Jer 11:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָר֣וּר הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמַ֔ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַבְּרִ֥ית הַזֹּֽאת׃ | and say to them, ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel says: «Cursed is the man who will not hear the words of this covenant, | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 11:4 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֡ם בְּי֣וֹם הוֹצִיאִֽי־אוֹתָ֣ם מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֩ מִכּ֨וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר שִׁמְע֤וּ בְקוֹלִי֙ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲצַוֶּ֖ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | which I commanded your fathers on the day when I brought them out of the land of Egypt – from the iron furnace – when I said, ‹Heed my voice and do these things according to everything that I command you, and you will be a people to me, and I will be God to you, | these things ← them. |
| Jer 11:5 | לְמַעַן֩ הָקִ֨ים אֶת־הַשְּׁבוּעָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי לַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם לָתֵ֤ת לָהֶם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֛ב וּדְבַ֖שׁ כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וָאַ֥עַן וָאֹמַ֖ר אָמֵ֥ן ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | in order to fulfil the oath which I swore to your fathers, that I would give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as on this day.› » ’ ” And I answered and said, “Amen, O Lord.” |
fulfil ← set up.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 11:6 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י קְרָ֨א אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שִׁמְע֗וּ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah and in the open areas of Jerusalem, and say, ‘Hear the words of this covenant, and do them. | |
| Jer 11:7 | כִּי֩ הָעֵ֨ד הַעִדֹ֜תִי בַּאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיוֹם֩ הַעֲלוֹתִ֨י אוֹתָ֜ם מֵאֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְהָעֵ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר שִׁמְע֖וּ בְּקוֹלִֽי׃ | For I have been giving a solemn testimony to your fathers, both on the day when I brought them up out of the land of Egypt, and up to this day, rising early and giving testimony, saying, «Heed my voice.» | solemn: from the infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 11:8 | וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֔ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ אִ֕ישׁ בִּשְׁרִיר֖וּת לִבָּ֣ם הָרָ֑ע וָאָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶֽת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֧י הַבְּרִית־הַזֹּ֛את אֲשֶׁר־צִוִּ֥יתִי לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א עָשֽׂוּ׃ ס | But they did not heed, and they did not incline their ears. And each went in the obstinacy of his evil heart, and I brought on them all the words of this covenant which I commanded them to do, but they did not do them.’ ” |
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26.
his evil heart ← their evil heart. |
| Jer 11:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י נִֽמְצָא־קֶ֙שֶׁר֙ בְּאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And the Lord said to me, “A conspiracy has been found among the men of Judah and among the inhabitants of Jerusalem. | |
| Jer 11:10 | שָׁ֩בוּ֩ עַל־עֲוֺנֹ֨ת אֲבוֹתָ֜ם הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵֽאֲנוּ֙ לִשְׁמ֣וֹעַ אֶת־דְּבָרַ֔י וְהֵ֣מָּה הָלְכ֗וּ אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים לְעָבְדָ֑ם הֵפֵ֤רוּ בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֕י אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖תִּי אֶת־אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ ס | They have returned to the former iniquities of their fathers who refused to hear my words, and they have walked after other gods, to serve them. The house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers. |
former iniquities of their fathers: compare Ps 79:8, which militates against the equally grammatically possible the iniquities of their first fathers.
made ← cut. |
| Jer 11:11 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא אֲלֵיהֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יוּכְל֖וּ לָצֵ֣את מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְזָעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | That is why this is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to bring trouble on them, which they will not be able to get out of, and they will cry out to me, but I will not heed them. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 11:12 | וְהָֽלְכ֞וּ עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְיֹשְׁבֵי֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְזָֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם מְקַטְּרִ֖ים לָהֶ֑ם וְהוֹשֵׁ֛עַ לֹֽא־יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָהֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת רָעָתָֽם׃ | And the cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem will proceed to cry out to the gods to which they burn incense, but they will not save them in the slightest in the time of their trouble. | in the slightest: from the infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 11:13 | כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמִסְפַּ֞ר חֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם שַׂמְתֶּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹת֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְקַטֵּ֥ר לַבָּֽעַל׃ ס | «For the number of your gods was the number of your cities, O Judah. And to the tune of the number of open spaces of Jerusalem, you have set up altars to what is shameful – altars to burn incense to Baal.» |
the number of your gods was the number of your cities ← the number of your cities was your gods.
shameful ← shame. |
| Jer 11:14 | וְאַתָּ֗ה אַל־תִּתְפַּלֵּל֙ בְּעַד־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּשָּׂ֥א בַעֲדָ֖ם רִנָּ֣ה וּתְפִלָּ֑ה כִּ֣י אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֗עַ בְּעֵ֛ת קָרְאָ֥ם אֵלַ֖י בְּעַ֥ד רָעָתָֽם׃ ס | So don't you pray for this people, and do not raise a cry for help or a prayer for them, for I will not hear them at the time when they cry out to me because of their trouble. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Jer 11:15 | מֶ֣ה לִֽידִידִ֞י בְּבֵיתִ֗י עֲשׂוֹתָ֤הּ הַֽמְזִמָּ֙תָה֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים וּבְשַׂר־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יַעַבְר֣וּ מֵֽעָלָ֑יִךְ כִּ֥י רָעָתֵ֖כִי אָ֥ז תַּעֲלֹֽזִי׃ |
What entitlement does my beloved have to be in my house, With so many making the place a place of intrigue? And they neglect the holy flesh of the sacrifices which are due to you. When they neglect harming you, O Jerusalem, Then you will rejoice. |
the place ← it.
neglect ← made pass over, removed, violated + from, [Ges-HCL]; hiphil, [Ges-HG] §53n. harming you ← your harm. The objective suffix is fem. sing. in an Aramaic form, [Ges-HG] §91e, so ref. Jerusalem. you will rejoice: fem. sing., so ref. Jerusalem. AV differs much. |
| Jer 11:16 | זַ֤יִת רַֽעֲנָן֙ יְפֵ֣ה פְרִי־תֹ֔אַר קָרָ֥א יְהוָ֖ה שְׁמֵ֑ךְ לְק֣וֹל ׀ הֲמוּלָּ֣ה גְדֹלָ֗ה הִצִּ֥ית אֵשׁ֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ וְרָע֖וּ דָּלִיּוֹתָֽיו׃ |
The Lord has called you a flourishing olive tree – The beauty of a fine fruit. At the sound of a great tumult, He lit a fire in her, And its branches were broken. |
you ← your name.
the beauty of a fine fruit ← beautiful (in respect) of fruit of fine form. her ... its: i.e. Jerusalem's ... the tree's. |
| Jer 11:17 | וַיהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ הַנּוֹטֵ֣עַ אוֹתָ֔ךְ דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלַ֖יִךְ רָעָ֑ה בִּ֠גְלַל רָעַ֨ת בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם לְהַכְעִסֵ֖נִי לְקַטֵּ֥ר לַבָּֽעַל׃ ס | And the Lord of hosts, who planted you, has pronounced evil on you, on account of the evil of the house of Israel, and the house of Judah, which they undertook, so as to provoke me to anger, by burning incense to Baal.’ ” |
undertook ← did for themselves.
by burning incense: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 11:18 | וַֽיהוָ֥ה הֽוֹדִיעַ֖נִי וָֽאֵדָ֑עָה אָ֖ז הִרְאִיתַ֥נִי מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Lord made it known to me, and I came to know it. It was then that you showed me their works. | |
| Jer 11:19 | וַאֲנִ֕י כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ אַלּ֖וּף יוּבַ֣ל לִטְב֑וֹחַ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֜עְתִּי כִּֽי־עָלַ֣י ׀ חָשְׁב֣וּ מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה עֵ֤ץ בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים וּשְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֥ר עֽוֹד׃ |
But I am like a tame lamb led to the slaughter, and I did not know that they had devised plots against me and had said,
“Let us destroy the tree at its nourishment, And let us cut him off from the land of the living, So that his name is no longer remembered.” |
a tame lamb: AV differs (a lamb or an ox).
at its nourishment ← at its bread. Compare English nip in the bud or destroy at source. |
| Jer 11:20 | וַֽיהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שֹׁפֵ֣ט צֶ֔דֶק בֹּחֵ֥ן כְּלָי֖וֹת וָלֵ֑ב אֶרְאֶ֤ה נִקְמָֽתְךָ֙ מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֵלֶ֖יךָ גִּלִּ֥יתִי אֶת־רִיבִֽי׃ ס |
But, O Lord of hosts, You who judge righteously, You who test kidneys and heart, I will see your vengeance on them, For I have revealed my contention to you. |
Rev 2:23.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. Compare Ps 139:13, Prov 23:16. |
| Jer 11:21 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ עַל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י עֲנָת֔וֹת הַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֖ לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א תִנָּבֵא֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תָמ֖וּת בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃ ס | That is why this is what the Lord says to the men of Anathoth, who seek your life, who say, “You shall not prophesy in the name of the Lord, so that you do not die by our hand.” |
this is what ← thus.
life ← soul. |
| Jer 11:22 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י פֹקֵ֖ד עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם הַבַּֽחוּרִים֙ יָמֻ֣תוּ בַחֶ֔רֶב בְּנֵיהֶם֙ וּבְנ֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם יָמֻ֖תוּ בָּרָעָֽב׃ | That is why this is what the Lord of hosts says: “I am about to visit them. The young men will die by the sword; their sons and their daughters will die of hunger. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 11:23 | וּשְׁאֵרִ֕ית לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אָבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י עֲנָת֖וֹת שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃ ס | And there will be no remainder of them, for I will bring harm on the men of Anathoth, in the year of their visitation.” | |
| Jer 12:1 | צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אָרִ֖יב אֵלֶ֑יךָ אַ֤ךְ מִשְׁפָּטִים֙ אֲדַבֵּ֣ר אוֹתָ֔ךְ מַדּ֗וּעַ דֶּ֤רֶךְ רְשָׁעִים֙ צָלֵ֔חָה שָׁל֖וּ כָּל־בֹּ֥גְדֵי בָֽגֶד׃ |
You are righteous, O Lord, When I take issue with you, But I will contend a legal issue with you. Why does the way of the wicked prosper? All those who act treacherously are at ease. |
contend a legal issue ← speak judgments.
act treacherously ← betray betrayal. |
| Jer 12:2 | נְטַעְתָּם֙ גַּם־שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ יֵלְכ֖וּ גַּם־עָ֣שׂוּ פֶ֑רִי קָר֤וֹב אַתָּה֙ בְּפִיהֶ֔ם וְרָח֖וֹק מִכִּלְיוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
You planted them, And they for their part have taken root; They sprout up and also produce fruit. You are near in their mouth But far away in their inward feelings. |
for their part ← also, but with wider scope.
sprout up ← go. inward feelings ← kidneys. |
| Jer 12:3 | וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יְדַעְתָּ֔נִי תִּרְאֵ֕נִי וּבָחַנְתָּ֥ לִבִּ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ הַתִּקֵם֙ כְּצֹ֣אן לְטִבְחָ֔ה וְהַקְדִּשֵׁ֖ם לְי֥וֹם הֲרֵגָֽה׃ ס |
But you, O Lord, know me; You see me, and you test my heart's attitude to you. Draw them off like sheep for the slaughter, And devote them to the day of killing. |
to you ← with you.
devote ← sanctify. |
| Jer 12:4 | עַד־מָתַי֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעֵ֥שֶׂב כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִיבָ֑שׁ מֵרָעַ֣ת יֹֽשְׁבֵי־בָ֗הּ סָפְתָ֤ה בְהֵמוֹת֙ וָע֔וֹף כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א יִרְאֶ֖ה אֶת־אַחֲרִיתֵֽנוּ׃ |
How long will the land mourn, And the herbaceous vegetation of the whole countryside dry up? On account of the evil of those who inhabit it, It is causing cattle and fowl to die out, Because they said, “He will not see our end result.” |
land: or earth.
causing ... to die out: AV differs, with discordant application of the verb. We take רָעָה, evil, as the subject of the verb. |
| Jer 12:5 | כִּ֣י אֶת־רַגְלִ֥ים ׀ רַ֙צְתָּה֙ וַיַּלְא֔וּךָ וְאֵ֥יךְ תְּתַֽחֲרֶ֖ה אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֑ים וּבְאֶ֤רֶץ שָׁלוֹם֙ אַתָּ֣ה בוֹטֵ֔חַ וְאֵ֥יךְ תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בִּגְא֥וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ |
“If when you run with the foot soldiers, They tire you out, How can you compete with the horses? And if you were confident only in a land at peace, What will you do at the rising of the Jordan? |
land at peace ← land of peace. Wider use of the construct state.
rising: or majesty, with connotations of defiance and danger. [CB] interprets as proud beasts. |
| Jer 12:6 | כִּ֧י גַם־אַחֶ֣יךָ וּבֵית־אָבִ֗יךָ גַּם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔ךְ גַּם־הֵ֛מָּה קָרְא֥וּ אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ מָלֵ֑א אַל־תַּאֲמֵ֣ן בָּ֔ם כִּֽי־יְדַבְּר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ טוֹבֽוֹת׃ ס |
For even your brothers, And also those of your father's house, Have betrayed you. Even they called after you loudly; Do not believe them When they speak of good things to you. |
loudly ← full, fully. |
| Jer 12:7 | עָזַ֙בְתִּי֙ אֶת־בֵּיתִ֔י נָטַ֖שְׁתִּי אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י נָתַ֛תִּי אֶת־יְדִד֥וּת נַפְשִׁ֖י בְּכַ֥ף אֹיְבֶֽיהָ׃ |
I have forsaken my house, I have abandoned my inheritance; I have delivered my dear love Into the hand of her enemies. |
delivered ← given.
my dear love ← the love of my soul. |
| Jer 12:8 | הָיְתָה־לִּ֥י נַחֲלָתִ֖י כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה בַיָּ֑עַר נָתְנָ֥ה עָלַ֛י בְּקוֹלָ֖הּ עַל־כֵּ֥ן שְׂנֵאתִֽיהָ׃ |
My inheritance has become like a lion in the forest. It has decried me, Which is why I have come to hate it. |
decried ← given by its voice against. |
| Jer 12:9 | הַעַ֨יִט צָב֤וּעַ נַחֲלָתִי֙ לִ֔י הַעַ֖יִט סָבִ֣יב עָלֶ֑יהָ לְכ֗וּ אִסְפ֛וּ כָּל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה הֵתָ֥יוּ לְאָכְלָֽה׃ |
Is my inheritance a coloured bird of prey to me? Is the bird of prey circling round about it? Come and gather all the wild animals; Bring them to eat. |
is ... coloured: as [BDB], [ST]. [Ges-HCL], [MJ], [AnLx] have hyena.
bring: AV differs (came). AV also does not recognize the interrogative particles. |
| Jer 12:10 | רֹעִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ כַרְמִ֔י בֹּסְס֖וּ אֶת־חֶלְקָתִ֑י נָֽתְנ֛וּ אֶת־חֶלְקַ֥ת חֶמְדָּתִ֖י לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָֽה׃ |
Many shepherds have ruined my vineyard, They have trodden down what I have apportioned; They have made my pleasant apportionment into a desert of desolation. |
what I have apportioned ← my portion, a subjective genitive (a portion I give, not take). |
| Jer 12:11 | שָׂמָהּ֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה אָבְלָ֥ה עָלַ֖י שְׁמֵמָ֑ה נָשַׁ֙מָּה֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ שָׂ֥ם עַל־לֵֽב׃ |
He has made it a desolation; A desolate land mourns to me. The whole land has been made desolate, For there is no-one who gives his mind to it. |
he has made: perhaps the impersonal one has made.
no-one ← no man. gives his mind to it ← lays to heart. |
| Jer 12:12 | עַֽל־כָּל־שְׁפָיִ֣ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ שֹֽׁדְדִ֔ים כִּ֣י חֶ֤רֶב לַֽיהוָה֙ אֹֽכְלָ֔ה מִקְצֵה־אֶ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֥ין שָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ ס |
The despoilers have come to all the high places in the desert, For the sword of the Lord has devoured From one end of the land To the other end of the land. There is no peace for any flesh. |
any ← all. |
| Jer 12:13 | זָרְע֤וּ חִטִּים֙ וְקֹצִ֣ים קָצָ֔רוּ נֶחְל֖וּ לֹ֣א יוֹעִ֑לוּ וּבֹ֙שׁוּ֙ מִתְּבוּאֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם מֵחֲר֖וֹן אַף־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
They have sown wheat, But they have reaped thorns; They have exhausted themselves But are not benefited by it. So be put to shame by your produce, Because of the furious anger of the Lord.” |
but (first occurrence in verse): adversative use of the vav.
your: plural. |
| Jer 12:14 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עַל־כָּל־שְׁכֵנַי֙ הָֽרָעִ֔ים הַנֹּֽגְעִים֙ בַּֽנַּחֲלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִנְחַ֥לְתִּי אֶת־עַמִּ֖י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנְנִ֤י נֹֽתְשָׁם֙ מֵעַ֣ל אַדְמָתָ֔ם וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה אֶתּ֥וֹשׁ מִתּוֹכָֽם׃ | This is what the Lord says to all my evil neighbours who touch the inheritance which I have given as an inheritance to my people Israel: “I am about to pluck them out of their land, and I will pluck the house of Judah up from where they are. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. from where they are ← from their midst. |
| Jer 12:15 | וְהָיָ֗ה אַֽחֲרֵי֙ נָתְשִׁ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם אָשׁ֖וּב וְרִֽחַמְתִּ֑ים וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ לְנַחֲלָת֖וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass, after I have plucked them up, that I will relent, and I will have compassion on them, and I will bring them back, each to his inheritance, and each to his land. | relent ← return; desist. |
| Jer 12:16 | וְהָיָ֡ה אִם־לָמֹ֣ד יִלְמְדוּ֩ אֶת־דַּֽרְכֵ֨י עַמִּ֜י לְהִשָּׁבֵ֤עַ בִּשְׁמִי֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר לִמְּדוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י לְהִשָּׁבֵ֖עַ בַּבָּ֑עַל וְנִבְנ֖וּ בְּת֥וֹךְ עַמִּֽי׃ | And it will come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name – as the Lord lives – just as they used to teach my people to swear by Baal, then they will be built up among my people. | diligently learn: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 12:17 | וְאִ֖ם לֹ֣א יִשְׁמָ֑עוּ וְנָ֨תַשְׁתִּ֜י אֶת־הַגּ֥וֹי הַה֛וּא נָת֥וֹשׁ וְאַבֵּ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | But if they will not heed it, I will eradicate that people, eradicating and annihilating, says the Lord.” | eradicating ... annihilating: both are infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 13:1 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י הָל֞וֹךְ וְקָנִ֤יתָ לְּךָ֙ אֵז֣וֹר פִּשְׁתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתּ֖וֹ עַל־מָתְנֶ֑יךָ וּבַמַּ֖יִם לֹ֥א תְבִאֵֽהוּ׃ | This is what the Lord said to me: “Go and get yourself a flax belt and put it around your waist, and do not put it in water.” |
this is what ← thus.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. put ← bring. |
| Jer 13:2 | וָאֶקְנֶ֥ה אֶת־הָאֵז֖וֹר כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וָאָשִׂ֖ם עַל־מָתְנָֽי׃ ס | So I got the belt according to the word of the Lord, and I put it around my waist. | |
| Jer 13:3 | וַיְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י שֵׁנִ֥ית לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me a second time and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 13:4 | קַ֧ח אֶת־הָאֵז֛וֹר אֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנִ֖יתָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־מָתְנֶ֑יךָ וְקוּם֙ לֵ֣ךְ פְּרָ֔תָה וְטָמְנֵ֥הוּ שָׁ֖ם בִּנְקִ֥יק הַסָּֽלַע׃ | “Take the belt which you have got, which is around your waist, and get up and go to the Euphrates, and hide it there in a cleft in the rock.” | |
| Jer 13:5 | וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ וָאֶטְמְנֵ֖הוּ בִּפְרָ֑ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אוֹתִֽי׃ | So I went and I hid it in the Euphrates region, as the Lord had commanded me. | |
| Jer 13:6 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ק֚וּם לֵ֣ךְ פְּרָ֔תָה וְקַ֤ח מִשָּׁם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֵז֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִ֖יךָ לְטָמְנוֹ־שָֽׁם׃ | And it came to pass after many days that the Lord said to me, “Get up and go to the Euphrates, and take from there the belt which I commanded you to hide there.” | after ← at the end of. |
| Jer 13:7 | וָאֵלֵ֣ךְ פְּרָ֔תָה וָאֶחְפֹּ֗ר וָֽאֶקַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֵז֔וֹר מִן־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־טְמַנְתִּ֣יו שָׁ֑מָּה וְהִנֵּה֙ נִשְׁחַ֣ת הָאֵז֔וֹר לֹ֥א יִצְלַ֖ח לַכֹּֽל׃ פ | So I went to the Euphrates, and I dug up and took the belt out from the place where I had hidden it, and I saw that the belt was ruined; it was not fit for anything. |
I saw that ← behold.
anything ← everything. |
| Jer 13:8 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 13:9 | כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כָּ֠כָה אַשְׁחִ֞ית אֶת־גְּא֧וֹן יְהוּדָ֛ה וְאֶת־גְּא֥וֹן יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם הָרָֽב׃ | “This is what the Lord says: ‘Similarly, I will ruin the pride of Judah, and the great pride of Jerusalem. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 13:10 | הָעָם֩ הַזֶּ֨ה הָרָ֜ע הַֽמֵּאֲנִ֣ים ׀ לִשְׁמ֣וֹעַ אֶת־דְּבָרַ֗י הַהֹֽלְכִים֙ בִּשְׁרִר֣וּת לִבָּ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְעָבְדָ֖ם וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וִיהִי֙ כָּאֵז֣וֹר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יִצְלַ֖ח לַכֹּֽל׃ | This evil people which refuses to heed my words, who walk in the obstinacy of their heart and who walk after other gods, to serve them and to worship them, will be like this belt, which is not fit for anything. | anything ← everything. |
| Jer 13:11 | כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יִדְבַּ֨ק הָאֵז֜וֹר אֶל־מָתְנֵי־אִ֗ישׁ כֵּ֣ן הִדְבַּ֣קְתִּי אֵ֠לַי אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֤ית יְהוּדָה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לִֽהְי֥וֹת לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וּלְשֵׁ֥ם וְלִתְהִלָּ֖ה וּלְתִפְאָ֑רֶת וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ | For as a belt clings to a man's waist, so I have caused the whole house of Israel and the whole house of Judah to cling to me, says the Lord, to be a people to me, and for fame and a reason for praise and for splendour, but they did not pay heed.’ | |
| Jer 13:12 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה ס כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כָּל־נֵ֖בֶל יִמָּ֣לֵא יָ֑יִן וְאָמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ הֲיָדֹ֙עַ֙ לֹ֣א נֵדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כָל־נֵ֖בֶל יִמָּ֥לֵא יָֽיִן׃ | Now you will say these words to them: ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel says: «Every skin-bottle will be filled with wine.» ’ And they will say to you, ‘Do we not know full well that every skin-bottle will be filled with wine?’ |
these words ← this word / utterance / thing.
this is what ← thus. know full well: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 13:13 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִ֣י מְמַלֵּ֣א אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֪רֶץ הַזֹּ֟את וְאֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֩ לְדָוִ֨ד עַל־כִּסְא֜וֹ וְאֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְאֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֖ם שִׁכָּרֽוֹן׃ | Then you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am about to fill all the inhabitants of this land, and the kings in the line of David who have sat on his throne, and the priests and the prophets and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with intoxication. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 13:14 | וְנִפַּצְתִּים֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֜יו וְהָאָב֧וֹת וְהַבָּנִ֛ים יַחְדָּ֖ו נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־אֶחְמ֧וֹל וְלֹֽא־אָח֛וּס וְלֹ֥א אֲרַחֵ֖ם מֵהַשְׁחִיתָֽם׃ ס | And I will dash them – a man against his brother, and fathers and sons together – says the Lord; I will not have compassion, and I will not spare, and I will not show mercy in bringing them to ruin.» ’ ” | in bringing them to ruin ← from bringing them to ruin. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 13:15 | שִׁמְע֥וּ וְהַאֲזִ֖ינוּ אַל־תִּגְבָּ֑הוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ |
Hear and listen; Do not be high-minded, For the Lord has spoken. |
|
| Jer 13:16 | תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת *ישית **וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ |
Give the Lord your God honour Before he brings darkness, And before your feet strike the mountains in the darkness, And, when you await light, He makes it a shadow of death, {K: And he turns} [Q: And he turns] it into sombre gloom. |
brings darkness ← darkens.
mountains in ← mountains of, wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 13:17 | וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א תִשְׁמָע֔וּהָ בְּמִסְתָּרִ֥ים תִּבְכֶּֽה־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִפְּנֵ֣י גֵוָ֑ה וְדָמֹ֨עַ תִּדְמַ֜ע וְתֵרַ֤ד עֵינִי֙ דִּמְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י נִשְׁבָּ֖ה עֵ֥דֶר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And if you do not heed it, My inner being will weep in secret places Because of your arrogance. My eye will weep bitterly And run with tears, For the Lord's flock will have been taken captive. |
inner being ← soul.
secret places: perhaps standing for a most secret place. will weep bitterly: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 13:18 | אֱמֹ֥ר לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְלַגְּבִירָ֖ה הַשְׁפִּ֣ילוּ שֵׁ֑בוּ כִּ֤י יָרַד֙ מַרְאֲשׁ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּֽפְאַרְתְּכֶֽם׃ |
Say to the king and to the queen consort, “Take a lower seat, For your head-end has come down – The crown of your splendour. |
take a lower seat ← being low, sit. Adverbial use of the first imperative, see [AnLx] p.736, although adjectival in our English.
the crown of your splendour: or, as a Hebraic genitive, your splendid crown. |
| Jer 13:19 | עָרֵ֥י הַנֶּ֛גֶב סֻגְּר֖וּ וְאֵ֣ין פֹּתֵ֑חַ הָגְלָ֧ת יְהוּדָ֛ה כֻּלָּ֖הּ הָגְלָ֥ת שְׁלוֹמִֽים׃ ס |
The cities of the south will be shut, And there will be no-one opening them up. All of Judah will be exiled; It will be completely exiled. |
exiled ... exiled: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. The verbs are in an Aramaic form. |
| Jer 13:20 | *שאי **שְׂא֤וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ *וראי **וּרְא֔וּ הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצָּפ֑וֹן אַיֵּ֗ה הָעֵ֙דֶר֙ נִתַּן־לָ֔ךְ צֹ֖אן תִּפְאַרְתֵּֽךְ׃ |
Lift up your eyes And see those coming from the north. Where is the flock which was given to you? – Your splendid sheep? |
lift up ... see: the ketiv is feminine singular, the qeré masculine plural. The second person verbs in the rest of this chapter are feminine singular.
your splendid sheep ← the sheep of your splendour, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 13:21 | מַה־תֹּֽאמְרִי֙ כִּֽי־יִפְקֹ֣ד עָלַ֔יִךְ וְ֠אַתְּ לִמַּ֨דְתְּ אֹתָ֥ם עָלַ֛יִךְ אַלֻּפִ֖ים לְרֹ֑אשׁ הֲל֤וֹא חֲבָלִים֙ יֹאחֱז֔וּךְ כְּמ֖וֹ אֵ֥שֶׁת לֵדָֽה׃ |
What will you say when he visits you? For you taught them, And they will be over you as masters, And they will become your head. Will not birth pangs seize you, As of a woman in labour? |
them ... they ... they: i.e. the invaders from the north.
a woman in labour ← a woman of labour. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 13:22 | וְכִ֤י תֹאמְרִי֙ בִּלְבָבֵ֔ךְ מַדּ֖וּעַ קְרָאֻ֣נִי אֵ֑לֶּה בְּרֹ֧ב עֲוֺנֵ֛ךְ נִגְל֥וּ שׁוּלַ֖יִךְ נֶחְמְס֥וּ עֲקֵבָֽיִךְ׃ |
And if you say in your heart, ‘Why have these things happened to me?’ It is for your great iniquity That the train of your skirt is uncovered, And your heels are violated. |
|
| Jer 13:23 | הֲיַהֲפֹ֤ךְ כּוּשִׁי֙ עוֹר֔וֹ וְנָמֵ֖ר חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָ֑יו גַּם־אַתֶּם֙ תּוּכְל֣וּ לְהֵיטִ֔יב לִמֻּדֵ֖י הָרֵֽעַ׃ |
Can an Ethiopian change his skin, Or a leopard his spots? If so then you too can do good, You who are accustomed to doing evil. |
|
| Jer 13:24 | וַאֲפִיצֵ֖ם כְּקַשׁ־עוֹבֵ֑ר לְר֖וּחַ מִדְבָּֽר׃ |
And I will scatter them Like chaff passing by in a wind from the desert. |
wind from ← wind of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 13:25 | זֶ֣ה גוֹרָלֵ֧ךְ מְנָת־מִדַּ֛יִךְ מֵֽאִתִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁכַ֣חַתְּ אוֹתִ֔י וַֽתִּבְטְחִ֖י בַּשָּֽׁקֶר׃ |
This is your lot, A portion from me to be meted out to you, Says the Lord, Because you have forgotten me, And you have trusted in a lie. |
to be meted out to you ← of your measures.
lie: or false thing. |
| Jer 13:26 | וְגַם־אֲנִ֛י חָשַׂ֥פְתִּי שׁוּלַ֖יִךְ עַל־פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְנִרְאָ֖ה קְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃ |
So I for my part Will uncover the train of your skirt Up to your face So that your shame is seen. |
for my part ← also, but with wider scope.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 13:27 | נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ וּמִצְהֲלוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ זִמַּ֣ת זְנוּתֵ֔ךְ עַל־גְּבָעוֹת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי שִׁקּוּצָ֑יִךְ א֥וֹי לָךְ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לֹ֣א תִטְהֲרִ֔י אַחֲרֵ֥י מָתַ֖י עֹֽד׃ פ |
I have seen your adulteries and your neighings, And the depravity of your prostitution on hills in the countryside – Your abominations. Woe to you, Jerusalem! Will you not become clean? After how long, still?” |
neighings: see Jer 5:8.
after how long, still?: i.e. when will you finally do it? |
| Jer 14:1 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַבַּצָּרֽוֹת׃ | This is the word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah concerning the droughts: | came ← became. |
| Jer 14:2 | אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עָלָֽתָה׃ |
“Judah is mourning, And her gates are languishing And lamenting for the land, While Jerusalem's cry has gone up. |
lamenting ← being black, i.e. dressed for mourning. |
| Jer 14:3 | וְאַדִּ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם שָׁלְח֥וּ *צעוריהם **צְעִירֵיהֶ֖ם לַמָּ֑יִם בָּ֣אוּ עַל־גֵּבִ֞ים לֹא־מָ֣צְאוּ מַ֗יִם שָׁ֤בוּ כְלֵיהֶם֙ רֵיקָ֔ם בֹּ֥שׁוּ וְהָכְלְמ֖וּ וְחָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃ |
And their nobles have sent their young children for water, And they came to the cisterns, But they did not find any water. They returned with their vessels empty; They were put to shame And were made ignominious, And they covered their heads. |
their young: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Jer 14:4 | בַּעֲב֤וּר הָאֲדָמָה֙ חַ֔תָּה כִּ֛י לֹא־הָיָ֥ה גֶ֖שֶׁם בָּאָ֑רֶץ בֹּ֥שׁוּ אִכָּרִ֖ים חָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃ |
For the land is cracked, For there has been no rain in the land. The farmers have been put to shame; They have covered their heads. |
farmers: or ploughmen. |
| Jer 14:5 | כִּ֤י גַם־אַיֶּ֙לֶת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יָלְדָ֖ה וְעָז֑וֹב כִּ֥י לֹֽא־הָיָ֖ה דֶּֽשֶׁא׃ |
For even the hind in the field has given birth And abandoned the fawn, For there was no grass. |
abandoned: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 14:6 | וּפְרָאִים֙ עָמְד֣וּ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֔ם שָׁאֲפ֥וּ ר֖וּחַ כַּתַּנִּ֑ים כָּל֥וּ עֵינֵיהֶ֖ם כִּי־אֵ֥ין עֵֽשֶׂב׃ |
And wild donkeys stand on the heights And draw breath like jackals. Their eyes are wasted Because there is no herbaceous vegetation.” |
|
| Jer 14:7 | אִם־עֲוֺנֵ֙ינוּ֙ עָ֣נוּ בָ֔נוּ יְהוָ֕ה עֲשֵׂ֖ה לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־רַבּ֥וּ מְשׁוּבֹתֵ֖ינוּ לְךָ֥ חָטָֽאנוּ׃ |
Although our iniquities testify against us, O Lord, Act for the sake of your name, For our apostasies are many; We have sinned against you. |
|
| Jer 14:8 | מִקְוֵה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֽוֹשִׁיע֖וֹ בְּעֵ֣ת צָרָ֑ה לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיֶה֙ כְּגֵ֣ר בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּכְאֹרֵ֖חַ נָטָ֥ה לָלֽוּן׃ |
O hope of Israel, His saviour in a time of distress, Why are you like a foreigner in the land, And like a wayfarer who turns in To lodge for the night? |
|
| Jer 14:9 | לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיֶה֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ נִדְהָ֔ם כְּגִבּ֖וֹר לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְאַתָּ֧ה בְקִרְבֵּ֣נוּ יְהוָ֗ה וְשִׁמְךָ֛ עָלֵ֥ינוּ נִקְרָ֖א אַל־תַּנִּחֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
Why should you be like a startled man? – Like a warrior unable to save? But you are in our midst, O Lord, And we are called after your name. Do not abandon us! |
we are called after your name ← your name is called on over us. See 2 Sam 12:28, James 2:7. |
| Jer 14:10 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה כֵּ֤ן אָֽהֲבוּ֙ לָנ֔וּעַ רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א חָשָׂ֑כוּ וַיהוָה֙ לֹ֣א רָצָ֔ם עַתָּה֙ יִזְכֹּ֣ר עֲוֺנָ֔ם וְיִפְקֹ֖ד חַטֹּאתָֽם׃ ס |
This is what the Lord says to this people:
“This is how they have loved to wander about: They have not restrained their feet, And the Lord has not had delight in them. Now he will remember their iniquity And visit their sins.” |
this is what ← thus.
this is how ← thus. visit: i.e. punish. |
| Jer 14:11 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י אַל־תִּתְפַּלֵּ֛ל בְּעַד־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה לְטוֹבָֽה׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Do not pray for this people favourably. | favourably ← for good. |
| Jer 14:12 | כִּ֣י יָצֻ֗מוּ אֵינֶ֤נִּי שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ אֶל־רִנָּתָ֔ם וְכִ֧י יַעֲל֛וּ עֹלָ֥ה וּמִנְחָ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי רֹצָ֑ם כִּ֗י בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבָרָעָ֣ב וּבַדֶּ֔בֶר אָנֹכִ֖י מְכַלֶּ֥ה אוֹתָֽם׃ ס | When they fast, I will not hear their cry, and when they offer a burnt offering and a meal-offering, I will not delight in them, for I will make an end of them with the sword and by famine, and by pestilence.” | |
| Jer 14:13 | וָאֹמַ֞ר אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה הַנְּבִאִ֜ים אֹמְרִ֤ים לָהֶם֙ לֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ חֶ֔רֶב וְרָעָ֖ב לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־שְׁל֤וֹם אֱמֶת֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | Then I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, what is happening is that the prophets are saying to them, ‘You will not see the sword, and you will not have a famine, for I will give you true peace in this place.’ ” |
what is happening is that ← behold.
true peace ← peace of truth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 14:14 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י שֶׁ֚קֶר הַנְּבִאִים֙ נִבְּאִ֣ים בִּשְׁמִ֔י לֹ֤א שְׁלַחְתִּים֙ וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א דִבַּ֖רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם חֲז֨וֹן שֶׁ֜קֶר וְקֶ֤סֶם *ואלול **וֶֽאֱלִיל֙ *ותרמות **וְתַרְמִ֣ית לִבָּ֔ם הֵ֖מָּה מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶֽם׃ ס | Then the Lord said to me, “The prophets are prophesying lies in my name. I did not send them, and I did not command them, and I did not speak to them. They are prophesying to you a false vision and divination – the vanity and deceit of their heart – |
vanity ... deceit: the ketiv / qeré issues are vav / yod issues, but the meanings are essentially the same.
lies ← lie / falsity. a false vision ← a vision of a lie / falsity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 14:15 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עַֽל־הַנְּבִאִ֞ים הַנִּבְּאִ֣ים בִּשְׁמִי֮ וַאֲנִ֣י לֹֽא־שְׁלַחְתִּים֒ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ אֹֽמְרִ֔ים חֶ֣רֶב וְרָעָ֔ב לֹ֥א יִהְיֶ֖ה בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את בַּחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִתַּ֔מּוּ הַנְּבִאִ֖ים הָהֵֽמָּה׃ | which is why this is what the Lord says to the prophets who prophesy in my name when I did not send them, and who say, ‘There will be no sword or famine in this land’ – those prophets will come to an end by the sword and famine. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 14:16 | וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣מָּה נִבְּאִ֣ים לָהֶ֡ם יִֽהְי֣וּ מֻשְׁלָכִים֩ בְּחֻצ֨וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מִפְּנֵ֣י ׀ הָרָעָ֣ב וְהַחֶ֗רֶב וְאֵ֤ין מְקַבֵּר֙ לָהֵ֔מָּה הֵ֣מָּה נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־רָעָתָֽם׃ | And the people to whom they prophesy will be consigned to the outlying areas of Jerusalem on account of the famine and the sword. And there will be no-one to bury them – them, their wives, or their sons or their daughters. And I will pour their own evil on them. | consigned ← cast out. |
| Jer 14:17 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה תֵּרַ֨דְנָה עֵינַ֥י דִּמְעָ֛ה לַ֥יְלָה וְיוֹמָ֖ם וְאַל־תִּדְמֶ֑ינָה כִּי֩ שֶׁ֨בֶר גָּד֜וֹל נִשְׁבְּרָ֗ה בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־עַמִּ֔י מַכָּ֖ה נַחְלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
And you will say these words to them:
‘My eyes will run with tears night and day, And they will not cease, For the virgin daughter of my people Has been broken up by a great disaster – A very debilitating blow. |
these words ← this word / utterance / thing.
run ← go down. tears ← a tear. cease ← be reduced to silence. |
| Jer 14:18 | אִם־יָצָ֣אתִי הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּה֙ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאִם֙ בָּ֣אתִי הָעִ֔יר וְהִנֵּ֖ה תַּחֲלוּאֵ֣י רָעָ֑ב כִּֽי־גַם־נָבִ֧יא גַם־כֹּהֵ֛ן סָחֲר֥וּ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃ ס |
If I go out into the field, What I see is casualties of the sword, And if I go into the city, What I see is people suffering from famine, For both prophet and priest travel around in a country Which they do not care for.’ ” |
what I see is (2x) ← behold.
suffering from ← diseases of. care for ← know, but also care for. |
| Jer 14:19 | הֲמָאֹ֨ס מָאַ֜סְתָּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֗ה אִם־בְּצִיּוֹן֙ גָּעֲלָ֣ה נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ מַדּ֙וּעַ֙ הִכִּיתָ֔נוּ וְאֵ֥ין לָ֖נוּ מַרְפֵּ֑א קַוֵּ֤ה לְשָׁלוֹם֙ וְאֵ֣ין ט֔וֹב וּלְעֵ֥ת מַרְפֵּ֖א וְהִנֵּ֥ה בְעָתָֽה׃ |
Have you really rejected Judah? Or has your inner self loathed Zion? Why have you struck us To the extent that we are beyond healing? We hoped for peace But there is nothing good, And for a time of healing, But what came was terror. |
really rejected: infinitive absolute.
inner self ← soul. to the extent that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. we hoped for: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. but what came was ← behold. |
| Jer 14:20 | יָדַ֧עְנוּ יְהוָ֛ה רִשְׁעֵ֖נוּ עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לָֽךְ׃ |
We know, O Lord, Our wickedness and the iniquity of our fathers, For we have sinned against you. |
|
| Jer 14:21 | אַל־תִּנְאַץ֙ לְמַ֣עַן שִׁמְךָ֔ אַל־תְּנַבֵּ֖ל כִּסֵּ֣א כְבוֹדֶ֑ךָ זְכֹ֕ר אַל־תָּפֵ֥ר בְּרִֽיתְךָ֖ אִתָּֽנוּ׃ |
Do not despise us, For the sake of your name. Do not disdain your glorious throne. Remember, and do not break Your covenant with us. |
your glorious throne ← the throne of your glory, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 14:22 | הֲיֵ֨שׁ בְּהַבְלֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ מַגְשִׁמִ֔ים וְאִם־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִתְּנ֣וּ רְבִבִ֑ים הֲלֹ֨א אַתָּה־ה֜וּא יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּ֨נְקַוֶּה־לָּ֔ךְ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ פ |
Are there any among the idols of the Gentiles Who cause rain? Or do the heavens produce showers? Is it not you who do, O Lord our God? And we put hope in you, Because it is you Who have made all these things. |
|
| Jer 15:1 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י אִם־יַעֲמֹ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֤ה וּשְׁמוּאֵל֙ לְפָנַ֔י אֵ֥ין נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה שַׁלַּ֥ח מֵֽעַל־פָּנַ֖י וְיֵצֵֽאוּ׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Even if Moses and Samuel were to stand before me, my inclination would not be towards this people. Send them away from me and let them depart. |
inclination ← soul.
depart ← go out. |
| Jer 15:2 | וְהָיָ֛ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ אָ֣נָה נֵצֵ֑א וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לַמָּ֤וֶת לַמָּ֙וֶת֙ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר לַחֶ֙רֶב֙ לַחֶ֔רֶב וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר לָֽרָעָב֙ לָֽרָעָ֔ב וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לַשְּׁבִ֖י לַשֶּֽׁבִי׃ |
And it will come to pass, if they say to you, ‘Where are we to depart to?’ that you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord says:
«He who is destined for death, To death; And he who is destined for the sword, To the sword; And he who is destined for famine, To famine; And he who is destined for captivity, To captivity.» ’ |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 15:3 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אַרְבַּ֤ע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־הַחֶ֣רֶב לַֽהֲרֹ֔ג וְאֶת־הַכְּלָבִ֖ים לִסְחֹ֑ב וְאֶת־ע֧וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְאֶת־בֶּהֱמַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וּלְהַשְׁחִֽית׃ | And I will visit them in four ways, says the Lord, with the sword to kill, and with dogs to drag them away, and with birds of the sky and with wild animals to devour and ravage. |
ways ← families, kinds.
wild animals ← animals of the land. |
| Jer 15:4 | וּנְתַתִּ֣ים *לזועה **לְזַֽעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ בִּ֠גְלַל מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה בֶן־יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And I will make them a target of terror to all the kingdoms of the world, on account of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah, the king of Judah, for what he did in Jerusalem. | terror: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Modern Hebrew is as the ketiv. Compare Deut 28:25, which has the qeré form. AV differs, taking the ketiv in a different sense (to be removed). |
| Jer 15:5 | כִּ֠י מִֽי־יַחְמֹ֤ל עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּמִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑ךְ וּמִ֣י יָס֔וּר לִשְׁאֹ֥ל לְשָׁלֹ֖ם לָֽךְ׃ |
For who will have compassion on you, Jerusalem, And who will console you, And who will turn aside To ask how you are? |
how you are ← about your peace. |
| Jer 15:6 | אַ֣תְּ נָטַ֥שְׁתְּ אֹתִ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה אָח֣וֹר תֵּלֵ֑כִי וָאַ֨ט אֶת־יָדִ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ וָֽאַשְׁחִיתֵ֔ךְ נִלְאֵ֖יתִי הִנָּחֵֽם׃ |
You have forsaken me, Says the Lord, You are going backwards, And I will stretch my hand out over you, And I will ravage you. I am weary of showing compassion. |
of showing compassion: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 15:7 | וָאֶזְרֵ֥ם בְּמִזְרֶ֖ה בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ שִׁכַּ֤לְתִּי אִבַּ֙דְתִּי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י מִדַּרְכֵיהֶ֖ם לוֹא־שָֽׁבוּ׃ |
And I will winnow them with a winnowing fan. At the gates of the land, I will bereave them of children; I will cause my people to perish. They have not turned back from their ways. |
|
| Jer 15:8 | עָֽצְמוּ־לִ֤י אַלְמְנֹתָו֙ מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֔ים הֵבֵ֨אתִי לָהֶ֥ם עַל־אֵ֛ם בָּח֖וּר שֹׁדֵ֣ד בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם הִפַּ֤לְתִּי עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּתְאֹ֔ם עִ֖יר וּבֶהָלֽוֹת׃ |
Their widows are more numerous, Let me tell you, Than the sand of the seas. I have brought to them – Against the mother of a young man – A plunderer at noon. I have made fear and terrors descend on her suddenly. |
let me tell you ← to me, an ethic dative, simply showing the speaker's interest in the matter.
fear: from root עיר [AnLx]. AV differs (city), from root עור [AnLx]. |
| Jer 15:9 | אֻמְלְלָ֞ה יֹלֶ֣דֶת הַשִּׁבְעָ֗ה נָפְחָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֛הּ *באה **בָּ֥א שִׁמְשָׁ֛הּ בְּעֹ֥ד יוֹמָ֖ם בּ֣וֹשָׁה וְחָפֵ֑רָה וּשְׁאֵֽרִיתָ֗ם לַחֶ֧רֶב אֶתֵּ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
One who has given birth to seven is languishing; She has breathed her last. Her sun has set While it is still day. She has been put to shame And has been put to the blush. And I will deliver the rest of them to the sword before their enemies, Says the Lord.” |
has set: the ketiv and qeré are different genders of the same word, with the same meaning.
she ← her soul. |
| Jer 15:10 | אֽוֹי־לִ֣י אִמִּ֔י כִּ֣י יְלִדְתִּ֗נִי אִ֥ישׁ רִ֛יב וְאִ֥ישׁ מָד֖וֹן לְכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹֽא־נָשִׁ֥יתִי וְלֹא־נָֽשׁוּ־בִ֖י כֻּלֹּ֥ה מְקַלְלַֽונִי׃ ס |
Woe is me, my mother, Because you gave birth to me, A man of contention and a man of dispute with the whole of the land. I have not lent at interest, Nor have others lent at interest to me. Yet they all curse me. |
Jeremiah speaks. |
| Jer 15:11 | אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֥א *שרותך **שֵֽׁרִיתִ֖יךָ לְט֑וֹב אִם־ל֣וֹא ׀ הִפְגַּ֣עְתִּֽי בְךָ֗ בְּעֵ֥ת־רָעָ֛ה וּבְעֵ֥ת צָרָ֖ה אֶת־הָאֹיֵֽב׃ |
The Lord said,
“I will certainly set you free For what is right; I will certainly make the enemy plead with you In a time of trouble And in a time of distress. |
set you free: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré. AV differs (thy remnant), reading שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ.
I will certainly (2x): standing for if I do not ... may God do this to me. Asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Jer 15:12 | הֲיָרֹ֨עַ בַּרְזֶ֧ל ׀ בַּרְזֶ֛ל מִצָּפ֖וֹן וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ |
Does iron break iron, From the north? Or copper? |
copper: AV differs (steel), but only here for precisely this common Hebrew word. |
| Jer 15:13 | חֵילְךָ֧ וְאוֹצְרוֹתֶ֛יךָ לָבַ֥ז אֶתֵּ֖ן לֹ֣א בִמְחִ֑יר וּבְכָל־חַטֹּאותֶ֖יךָ וּבְכָל־גְּבוּלֶֽיךָ׃ |
I will make your wealth and your treasures spoil without a price, And this for all your sins And in all your territories. |
territories ← borders.
All second person pronouns are masculine singular, with unclear antecedent (Jeremiah ill-suited?). |
| Jer 15:14 | וְהַֽעֲבַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתָּ כִּֽי־אֵ֛שׁ קָדְחָ֥ה בְאַפִּ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֥ם תּוּקָֽד׃ ס |
And I will cause your enemies to pass through a land Which you are not acquainted with, For a fire has been kindled in my anger; It will burn against you.” |
you ... you: singular ... plural. Reference to Jeremiah, then to the people? |
| Jer 15:15 | אַתָּ֧ה יָדַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֗ה זָכְרֵ֤נִי וּפָקְדֵ֙נִי֙ וְהִנָּ֤קֶם לִי֙ מֵרֹ֣דְפַ֔י אַל־לְאֶ֥רֶךְ אַפְּךָ֖ תִּקָּחֵ֑נִי דַּ֕ע שְׂאֵתִ֥י עָלֶ֖יךָ חֶרְפָּֽה׃ |
You know, O Lord; Remember me and visit me and avenge me Of those who pursue me. Do not take me in persistence of your anger; Be aware that I have borne reproach for your sake. |
in persistence of your anger: others, forbearing, longsuffering, but that is contrary to the context. Compare Prov 25:15.
be aware ← know. |
| Jer 15:16 | נִמְצְא֤וּ דְבָרֶ֙יךָ֙ וָאֹ֣כְלֵ֔ם וַיְהִ֤י *דבריך **דְבָֽרְךָ֙ לִ֔י לְשָׂשׂ֖וֹן וּלְשִׂמְחַ֣ת לְבָבִ֑י כִּֽי־נִקְרָ֤א שִׁמְךָ֙ עָלַ֔י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י צְבָאֽוֹת׃ ס |
Your words were found, And I absorbed them, And your {Q: word was} [K: words were] a joy to me And gladness to my heart, For I am called after your name, O Lord God of hosts. |
The singular verb militates for the qeré, but a discordant verb is not to be excluded.
absorbed ← ate. I am called after your name ← your name is called over me. See Jer 14:9. |
| Jer 15:17 | לֹֽא־יָשַׁ֥בְתִּי בְסוֹד־מְשַׂחֲקִ֖ים וָֽאֶעְלֹ֑ז מִפְּנֵ֤י יָֽדְךָ֙ בָּדָ֣ד יָשַׁ֔בְתִּי כִּֽי־זַ֖עַם מִלֵּאתָֽנִי׃ ס |
I have not sat in the company of the merry-makers and exulted. I have sat alone because of your hand, For you have filled me with indignation. |
company ← secret assembly. |
| Jer 15:18 | לָ֣מָּה הָיָ֤ה כְאֵבִי֙ נֶ֔צַח וּמַכָּתִ֖י אֲנוּשָׁ֑ה֙ מֵֽאֲנָה֙ הֵֽרָפֵ֔א הָי֨וֹ תִֽהְיֶ֥ה לִי֙ כְּמ֣וֹ אַכְזָ֔ב מַ֖יִם לֹ֥א נֶאֱמָֽנוּ׃ ס |
Why is my pain perpetual And my wound incurable? It refuses to heal. Will it really be a delusion of mine Like untrustworthy waters? |
wound ← blow.
to heal ← to be healed, but also intransitive. will it really be: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 15:19 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־תָּשׁ֤וּב וַאֲשִֽׁיבְךָ֙ לְפָנַ֣י תַּֽעֲמֹ֔ד וְאִם־תּוֹצִ֥יא יָקָ֛ר מִזּוֹלֵ֖ל כְּפִ֣י תִֽהְיֶ֑ה יָשֻׁ֤בוּ הֵ֙מָּה֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹֽא־תָשׁ֥וּב אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord says: “If you return, I will restore you, And you will stand before me. And if you utter honoured words Rather than base ones, You will be like my mouth – They will return to you. But do not you go back on them. |
this is what ← thus.
utter ← bring out. honoured ← precious. |
| Jer 15:20 | וּנְתַתִּ֜יךָ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה לְחוֹמַ֤ת נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בְּצוּרָ֔ה וְנִלְחֲמ֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְלֹא־י֣וּכְלוּ לָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י לְהוֹשִֽׁיעֲךָ֥ וּלְהַצִּילֶ֖ךָ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I will make you a reinforced wall of copper to this people, And when men fight against you, They will not prevail over you, For I am with you to save you And to deliver you, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 15:21 | וְהִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָ מִיַּ֣ד רָעִ֑ים וּפְדִתִ֖יךָ מִכַּ֥ף עָרִצִֽים׃ פ |
And I will deliver you from the hand of the wicked, And I will redeem you from the grip of the violent.” |
grip ← palm of the hand. |
| Jer 16:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 16:2 | לֹֽא־תִקַּ֥ח לְךָ֖ אִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְי֤וּ לְךָ֙ בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֔וֹת בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | “You shall not take a wife, and you will not have sons or daughters in this place. | take ← take to yourself. |
| Jer 16:3 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עַל־הַבָּנִים֙ וְעַל־הַבָּנ֔וֹת הַיִּלּוֹדִ֖ים בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְעַֽל־אִמֹּתָ֞ם הַיֹּלְד֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם וְעַל־אֲבוֹתָ֛ם הַמּוֹלִדִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | For this is what the Lord says concerning the sons and concerning the daughters who are born in this place, and concerning their mothers who bore them, and concerning their fathers who begot them in this land: | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 16:4 | מְמוֹתֵ֨י תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים יָמֻ֗תוּ לֹ֤א יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְי֑וּ וּבַחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֔וּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | ‘They will die disease-ridden deaths. They will not be mourned for, and they will not be buried. They will be dung on the surface of the ground, and they will be consumed by the sword and by famine, and their corpses will be food for the birds of the sky and for the animals of the land.’ | corpses ← corpse. Collective usage. |
| Jer 16:5 | כִּֽי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־תָּבוֹא֙ בֵּ֣ית מַרְזֵ֔חַ וְאַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לִסְפּ֔וֹד וְאַל־תָּנֹ֖ד לָהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אָסַ֨פְתִּי אֶת־שְׁלוֹמִ֜י מֵאֵ֨ת הָעָ֤ם־הַזֶּה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־הַחֶ֖סֶד וְאֶת־הָֽרַחֲמִֽים׃ | For this is what the Lord says: ‘Do not go to the house of wailing, and do not go to lament, and do not bemoan them, for I have taken my peace away from this people – says the Lord – both kindness and mercy. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 16:6 | וּמֵ֨תוּ גְדֹלִ֧ים וּקְטַנִּ֛ים בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ וְלֹֽא־יִסְפְּד֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א יִתְגֹּדַ֔ד וְלֹ֥א יִקָּרֵ֖חַ לָהֶֽם׃ | And great and small in this land will die. They will not be buried and they will not be lamented, and no-one will make incisions on himself or be made bald for them. | they will not be lamented ← they will not lament for them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 16:7 | וְלֹֽא־יִפְרְס֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם עַל־אֵ֖בֶל לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־מֵ֑ת וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁק֤וּ אוֹתָם֙ כּ֣וֹס תַּנְחוּמִ֔ים עַל־אָבִ֖יו וְעַל־אִמּֽוֹ׃ | And bread will not be broken for them in mourning to comfort anyone for the dead, and they will not give them a cup of condolence to drink, for one's father or one's mother. |
bread will not be broken for them ← they will not break (bread) for them. Avoidance of the passive. AV differs (neither shall men tear themselves for them).
anyone ← him. |
| Jer 16:8 | וּבֵית־מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה לֹא־תָב֖וֹא לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אוֹתָ֑ם לֶאֱכֹ֖ל וְלִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ ס | And you will not go to the banqueting house to sit with them to eat and to drink. | |
| Jer 16:9 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֨י מַשְׁבִּ֜ית מִן־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה לְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם וּבִֽימֵיכֶ֑ם ק֤וֹל שָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְק֣וֹל שִׂמְחָ֔ה ק֥וֹל חָתָ֖ן וְק֥וֹל כַּלָּֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says: «I am about to put an end to this place before your eyes and in your days – the sound of joy and the sound of happiness and the sound of the bridegroom and the sound of the bride.» ’ |
Rev 18:23.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. an end to ← an end from. |
| Jer 16:10 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֤י תַגִּיד֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ עַל־מֶה֩ דִבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וּמֶ֤ה עֲוֺנֵ֙נוּ֙ וּמֶ֣ה חַטָּאתֵ֔נוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖אנוּ לַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And it will come to pass, when you tell this people all these things, that they will say to you, ‘Why did the Lord pronounce all this great trouble over us, and what is our iniquity, and what is our sin by which we have sinned against the Lord our God?’ | |
| Jer 16:11 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם עַל֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָזְב֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיַּעַבְד֖וּם וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֹתִ֣י עָזָ֔בוּ וְאֶת־תּוֹרָתִ֖י לֹ֥א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃ | And you will say to them, ‘Because your fathers forsook me, says the Lord, and they walked after other gods and served them and worshipped them, and they forsook me, and they did not keep my law. | |
| Jer 16:12 | וְאַתֶּ֛ם הֲרֵעֹתֶ֥ם לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת מֵאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִנְּכֶ֣ם הֹלְכִ֗ים אִ֚ישׁ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ שְׁרִר֣וּת לִבּֽוֹ־הָרָ֔ע לְבִלְתִּ֖י שְׁמֹ֥עַ אֵלָֽי׃ | But you have acted worse than your fathers, and here you are each walking after the obstinacy of his evil heart, so as not to listen to me. |
acted worse ← been bad in doing, with gerundial use of the infinitive.
here you are ← behold you. |
| Jer 16:13 | וְהֵטַלְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֖ם וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֞ם אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם חֲנִינָֽה׃ ס | So I will cast you out of this land, to a land which you have not known – neither you nor your fathers. And there you will serve other gods day and night, for I will not show you grace. | show ← give. |
| Jer 16:14 | לָכֵ֛ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלָ֛ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Therefore behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when it will no longer be said, «As the Lord lives, who brought the sons of Israel up out of the land of Egypt», | || Jer 23:7. |
| Jer 16:15 | כִּ֣י אִם־חַי־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱלָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וּמִכֹּל֙ הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִדִּיחָ֖ם שָׁ֑מָּה וַהֲשִֽׁבֹתִים֙ עַל־אַדְמָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לַאֲבוֹתָֽם׃ ס | but rather, «As the Lord lives, who brought the sons of Israel up from the land of the north, and from all the lands into which he had driven them.» For I will bring them back to their land which I gave to their fathers. |
|| Jer 23:8.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Jer 16:16 | הִנְנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ *לדוגים **לְדַיָּגִ֥ים רַבִּ֛ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וְדִיג֑וּם וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁלַח֙ לְרַבִּ֣ים צַיָּדִ֔ים וְצָד֞וּם מֵעַ֤ל כָּל־הַר֙ וּמֵעַ֣ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֔ה וּמִנְּקִיקֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִֽים׃ | I am about to send many fishermen, says the Lord, and they will fish them, and after that I will send many hunters, and they will hunt them from every mountain, and from every hill, and from the clefts in the rocks. |
fishermen: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. We take the לְ as an object marker, common in Aramaic and later Hebrew.
I am about to ← behold me. from (2x) ← from on. |
| Jer 16:17 | כִּ֤י עֵינַי֙ עַל־כָּל־דַּרְכֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א נִסְתְּר֖וּ מִלְּפָנָ֑י וְלֹֽא־נִצְפַּ֥ן עֲוֺנָ֖ם מִנֶּ֥גֶד עֵינָֽי׃ | For my eyes are on all their ways – they are not hidden from me, and their iniquity is not concealed from my eyes. |
from me ← from before me.
from my eyes ← from opposite my eyes. |
| Jer 16:18 | וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י רִֽאשׁוֹנָ֗ה מִשְׁנֵ֤ה עֲוֺנָם֙ וְחַטָּאתָ֔ם עַ֖ל חַלְּלָ֣ם אֶת־אַרְצִ֑י בְּנִבְלַ֤ת שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶם֙ וְתוֹעֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם מָלְא֖וּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתִֽי׃ ס | And I will first requite their iniquity and their sin double for their defiling of my land with the corpses of their abominations and their abhorrences which have filled my inheritance.’ ” | their defiling: gerundial use of the infinitive. A subjective genitive (they defile). |
| Jer 16:19 | יְהוָ֞ה עֻזִּ֧י וּמָעֻזִּ֛י וּמְנוּסִ֖י בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ גּוֹיִ֤ם יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ מֵֽאַפְסֵי־אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹאמְר֗וּ אַךְ־שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ נָחֲל֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ הֶ֖בֶל וְאֵֽין־בָּ֥ם מוֹעִֽיל׃ |
The Lord is my strength and my stronghold, And my refuge on a day of distress. To you the Gentiles will come from the ends of the earth, And they will say, “Our fathers inherited nothing but lies – Vanity – And there was nothing profitable in them.” |
lies ← a lie. |
| Jer 16:20 | הֲיַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֥וֹ אָדָ֖ם אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְהֵ֖מָּה לֹ֥א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
“Will a man make himself some gods? But they are not gods. |
|
| Jer 16:21 | לָכֵן֙ הִנְנִ֣י מֽוֹדִיעָ֔ם בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֔את אוֹדִיעֵ֥ם אֶת־יָדִ֖י וְאֶת־גְּבֽוּרָתִ֑י וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־שְׁמִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
That is why I am about to reveal something to them. This time, I will reveal to them My hand and my might, And they will know That my name is the Lord. |
I am about to ← behold me.
my name is the Lord: as AV here, but compare Ex 6:3. |
| Jer 17:1 | חַטַּ֣את יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּתוּבָ֛ה בְּעֵ֥ט בַּרְזֶ֖ל בְּצִפֹּ֣רֶן שָׁמִ֑יר חֲרוּשָׁה֙ עַל־ל֣וּחַ לִבָּ֔ם וּלְקַרְנ֖וֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Judah's sin has been written with an iron stylus, With a diamond point, Engraved on the tablet of their heart, And on the horns of your altars, |
|
| Jer 17:2 | כִּזְכֹּ֤ר בְּנֵיהֶם֙ מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם וַאֲשֵׁרֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־עֵ֣ץ רַֽעֲנָ֑ן עַ֖ל גְּבָע֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃ |
While their sons remember their own altars, And their phallic parks, With luxuriant trees on the high hills. |
|
| Jer 17:3 | הֲרָרִי֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה חֵילְךָ֥ כָל־אוֹצְרוֹתֶ֖יךָ לָבַ֣ז אֶתֵּ֑ן בָּמֹתֶ֕יךָ בְּחַטָּ֖את בְּכָל־גְּבוּלֶֽיךָ׃ |
O mountain of mine in the countryside, I will make your riches – All your treasures – Spoil. Your idolatrous raised sites are in sin in all your territories. |
territories ← borders. |
| Jer 17:4 | וְשָׁמַטְתָּ֗ה וּבְךָ֙ מִנַּחֲלָֽתְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וְהַעֲבַדְתִּ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ בָּאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדָ֑עְתָּ כִּֽי־אֵ֛שׁ קְדַחְתֶּ֥ם בְּאַפִּ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֥ם תּוּקָֽד׃ ס |
And you – And this because of you – Will be removed from your inheritance Which I have given you, And I will make you serve your enemies In a land which you have not known, For you have kindled a fire in my anger, Which will burn age-abidingly.” |
be removed ← let lie fallow, but also cease from.
you have kindled: the you here is plural; all 7 preceding occurrences of you / your are singular. |
| Jer 17:5 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אָר֤וּר הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְטַ֣ח בָּֽאָדָ֔ם וְשָׂ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר זְרֹע֑וֹ וּמִן־יְהוָ֖ה יָס֥וּר לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Cursed is the man who trusts in man, Who makes flesh his strong arm, And whose heart departs from the Lord. |
this is what ← thus.
man ... man ← (strong) man ... (Adamic) man. makes ← sets. |
| Jer 17:6 | וְהָיָה֙ כְּעַרְעָ֣ר בָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יִרְאֶ֖ה כִּי־יָב֣וֹא ט֑וֹב וְשָׁכַ֤ן חֲרֵרִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֶ֥רֶץ מְלֵחָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תֵשֵֽׁב׃ ס |
And he will be most destitute In an arid tract, And he will not see it when prosperity comes, And he will live in parched places in the desert, In a salty land, And not inhabited. |
most destitute ← as destitute, but see [AnLx] כְּ II (c), noting intensity. AV differs (like the heath).
prosperity ← good. |
| Jer 17:7 | בָּר֣וּךְ הַגֶּ֔בֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְטַ֖ח בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִבְטַחֽוֹ׃ |
Blessed is the man who trusts in the Lord, Whose reliance is the Lord. |
reliance ← trusting. |
| Jer 17:8 | וְהָיָ֞ה כְּעֵ֣ץ ׀ שָׁת֣וּל עַל־מַ֗יִם וְעַל־יוּבַל֙ יְשַׁלַּ֣ח שָֽׁרָשָׁ֔יו וְלֹ֤א *ירא **יִרְאֶה֙ כִּֽי־יָבֹ֣א חֹ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה עָלֵ֖הוּ רַֽעֲנָ֑ן וּבִשְׁנַ֤ת בַּצֹּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א יִדְאָ֔ג וְלֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ מֵעֲשׂ֥וֹת פֶּֽרִי׃ |
And he will be like a tree planted by water, Which sends its roots into a river, Which will not {K: fear} [Q: see] when heat comes, Whose foliage will be luxuriant, Which will not be concerned in a year of drought, And which will not fail to produce fruit. |
fear: AV differs (see), taking the qeré.
|| Ps 1:3. fail to produce ← recede from producing. |
| Jer 17:9 | עָקֹ֥ב הַלֵּ֛ב מִכֹּ֖ל וְאָנֻ֣שׁ ה֑וּא מִ֖י יֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The heart is more deceitful than anything, And it is incurable – Who can discern it? |
See note on James 4:5, where this verse may be alluded to.
anything ← everything. discern ← know. |
| Jer 17:10 | אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה חֹקֵ֥ר לֵ֖ב בֹּחֵ֣ן כְּלָי֑וֹת וְלָתֵ֤ת לְאִישׁ֙ *כדרכו **כִּדְרָכָ֔יו כִּפְרִ֖י מַעֲלָלָֽיו׃ ס |
I, the Lord, search the heart And examine the kidneys, So as to give to a man according to his {K: way} [Q: ways], And according to the fruit of his works. |
Rom 2:6, Rom 8:27, Rev 2:23, Rev 18:6, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:13, Rev 22:12.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Jer 17:11 | קֹרֵ֤א דָגַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלָ֔ד עֹ֥שֶׂה עֹ֖שֶׁר וְלֹ֣א בְמִשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּחֲצִ֤י *ימו **יָמָיו֙ יַעַזְבֶ֔נּוּ וּבְאַחֲרִית֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה נָבָֽל׃ |
Like a partridge brooding over what it has not begotten, So is he who gains wealth but not legitimately. At half of his {Q: days} [K: day] it leaves him, And in his later life he becomes a fool.” |
partridge ← (male) partridge.
it leaves him: AV differs (he ... shall leave them), exchanging subject and predicate. |
| Jer 17:12 | כִּסֵּ֣א כָב֔וֹד מָר֖וֹם מֵֽרִאשׁ֑וֹן מְק֖וֹם מִקְדָּשֵֽׁנוּ׃ |
The place of our sanctuary is a glorious throne; It has been an exalted place from the beginning. |
a glorious throne ← a throne of glory, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 17:13 | מִקְוֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יְהוָ֔ה כָּל־עֹזְבֶ֖יךָ יֵבֹ֑שׁוּ *יסורי **וְסוּרַי֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ יִכָּתֵ֔בוּ כִּ֥י עָזְב֛וּ מְק֥וֹר מַֽיִם־חַיִּ֖ים אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
The hope of Israel is the Lord; All who desert you will be put to shame. “{K:And} [Q:And] those who depart from me Will be written on the ground, Because they have deserted the source of living water – The Lord.” |
|
| Jer 17:14 | רְפָאֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣רָפֵ֔א הוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נִי וְאִוָּשֵׁ֑עָה כִּ֥י תְהִלָּתִ֖י אָֽתָּה׃ |
Heal me, O Lord, So that I am healed. Save me So that I am saved, For you are my focus of praise. |
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 17:15 | הִנֵּה־הֵ֕מָּה אֹמְרִ֖ים אֵלָ֑י אַיֵּ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה יָ֥בוֹא נָֽא׃ |
See how they say to me, “Where is the word of the Lord? Let it come, then.” |
see how ← behold. |
| Jer 17:16 | וַאֲנִ֞י לֹא־אַ֣צְתִּי ׀ מֵרֹעֶ֣ה אַחֲרֶ֗יךָ וְי֥וֹם אָנ֛וּשׁ לֹ֥א הִתְאַוֵּ֖יתִי אַתָּ֣ה יָדָ֑עְתָּ מוֹצָ֣א שְׂפָתַ֔י נֹ֥כַח פָּנֶ֖יךָ הָיָֽה׃ |
But I have not hastened away From being a shepherd in following you, Nor have I longed for the sorrowful day. You know the utterance of my lips Which was in your presence. |
the sorrowful day: with different pointing, אֱנוֹשׁ, the day of (mortal) man.
in following you ← after you. |
| Jer 17:17 | אַל־תִּֽהְיֵה־לִ֖י לִמְחִתָּ֑ה מַֽחֲסִי־אַ֖תָּה בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה׃ |
Do not be a terror to me; You are my refuge on the evil day. |
evil day ← day of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 17:18 | יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ רֹדְפַי֙ וְאַל־אֵבֹ֣שָׁה אָ֔נִי יֵחַ֣תּוּ הֵ֔מָּה וְאַל־אֵחַ֖תָּה אָ֑נִי הָבִ֤יא עֲלֵיהֶם֙ י֣וֹם רָעָ֔ה וּמִשְׁנֶ֥ה שִׁבָּר֖וֹן שָׁבְרֵֽם׃ ס |
Let those who pursue me be put to shame, But do not let me be put to shame. Let them fear, But do not let me fear. Bring on them the evil day, And break them in pieces, With double breaking force. |
evil day ← day of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 17:19 | כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י הָלֹ֤ךְ וְעָֽמַדְתָּ֙ בְּשַׁ֣עַר בְּנֵֽי־*עם **הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבֹ֤אוּ בוֹ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר יֵ֣צְאוּ ב֑וֹ וּבְכֹ֖ל שַׁעֲרֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | This is what the Lord said to me, “Go and stand at the gate of the sons of {K: the} [Q: the] people, by which the kings of Judah enter, and by which they exit, and at all the gates of Jerusalem. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 17:20 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲ֠לֵיהֶם שִׁמְע֨וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה מַלְכֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הַבָּאִ֖ים בַּשְּׁעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | And you will say to them, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, you kings of Judah, and all Judah, and all you inhabitants of Jerusalem who enter by these gates. | |
| Jer 17:21 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִשָּׁמְר֖וּ בְּנַפְשֽׁוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַל־תִּשְׂא֤וּ מַשָּׂא֙ בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַהֲבֵאתֶ֖ם בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | This is what the Lord says: «Watch out for your lives, and do not carry a burden on the Sabbath day, nor bring anything through the gates of Jerusalem. |
this is what ← thus.
lives ← souls. |
| Jer 17:22 | וְלֹא־תוֹצִ֨יאוּ מַשָּׂ֤א מִבָּֽתֵּיכֶם֙ בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וְכָל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּם֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you shall not take a burden out of your houses on the Sabbath day, and you shall not do any work, and you shall sanctify the Sabbath day, as I commanded your fathers.» ’ ” | any ← every. |
| Jer 17:23 | וְלֹ֣א שָֽׁמְע֔וּ וְלֹ֥א הִטּ֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֑ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֣י *שומע **שְׁמ֔וֹעַ וּלְבִלְתִּ֖י קַ֥חַת מוּסָֽר׃ | But they did not hear, and they did not incline their ears, but they stiffened their necks so as not to hear, and so as not to accept discipline. |
to hear: the ketiv is a participle; the qeré an infinitive.
ears ... necks ← ear ... neck. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 17:24 | וְ֠הָיָה אִם־שָׁמֹ֨עַ תִּשְׁמְע֤וּן אֵלַי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֣י ׀ הָבִ֣יא מַשָּׂ֗א בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֛י הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּלְקַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לְבִלְתִּ֥י עֲשֽׂוֹת־*בה **בּ֖וֹ כָּל־מְלָאכָֽה׃ | “But if you will make a point of heeding me, says the Lord, by not bringing a burden in through the gates of this city on the Sabbath day, and by sanctifying the Sabbath day, by not doing any work on it, |
on it: the ketiv is feminine, agreeing with Sabbath; the qeré is masculine, agreeing with day.
but ← and it will be. make a point of heeding: infinitive absolute. by not bringing ... by sanctifying ... by not doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. any ← every. |
| Jer 17:25 | וּבָ֣אוּ בְשַׁעֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֡את מְלָכִ֣ים ׀ וְשָׂרִ֡ים יֹשְׁבִים֩ עַל־כִּסֵּ֨א דָוִ֜ד רֹכְבִ֣ים ׀ בָּרֶ֣כֶב וּבַסּוּסִ֗ים הֵ֚מָּה וְשָׂ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְיָשְׁבָ֥ה הָֽעִיר־הַזֹּ֖את לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | then there will enter by the gates of this city kings and princes sitting on the throne of David, riding in chariots, and on horses – they and their princes, men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem – and this city will be inhabited age-abidingly. |
chariots ← a chariot. Collective usage; elsewhere often a chariot fleet.
men of Judah ← a man of Judah. Collective usage. |
| Jer 17:26 | וּבָ֣אוּ מֵעָרֵֽי־יְ֠הוּדָה וּמִסְּבִיב֨וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֗ן וּמִן־הַשְּׁפֵלָ֤ה וּמִן־הָהָר֙ וּמִן־הַנֶּ֔גֶב מְבִאִ֛ים עוֹלָ֥ה וְזֶ֖בַח וּמִנְחָ֣ה וּלְבוֹנָ֑ה וּמְבִאֵ֥י תוֹדָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And they will come from the cities of Judah and from the neighbouring areas of Jerusalem, and from the land of Benjamin and from the lowland, and from the mountains, and from the south, bringing a burnt offering and a sacrifice, and a meal-offering, and frankincense, and bringing a thank-offering to the house of the Lord. | mountains ← mountain. Collective usage, a mountain range. |
| Jer 17:27 | וְאִם־לֹ֨א תִשְׁמְע֜וּ אֵלַ֗י לְקַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וּלְבִלְתִּ֣י ׀ שְׂאֵ֣ת מַשָּׂ֗א וּבֹ֛א בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וְהִצַּ֧תִּי אֵ֣שׁ בִּשְׁעָרֶ֗יהָ וְאָֽכְלָ֛ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ פ | But if you will not heed me concerning sanctifying the Sabbath day, and not carrying a burden, or coming in through the gates of Jerusalem laden on the Sabbath day, then I will kindle a fire at its gates, and it will consume the palaces of Jerusalem, and it will not be extinguished.” | coming in ... laden: walking (unladen) in and out of Jerusalem was permitted in Acts 1:12. |
| Jer 18:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 18:2 | ק֥וּם וְיָרַדְתָּ֖ בֵּ֣ית הַיּוֹצֵ֑ר וְשָׁ֖מָּה אַשְׁמִֽיעֲךָ֥ אֶת־דְּבָרָֽי׃ | “Get up and go down to the potter's house, and I will inform you of my words there.” | |
| Jer 18:3 | וָאֵרֵ֖ד בֵּ֣ית הַיּוֹצֵ֑ר *והנהו **וְהִנֵּה־**ה֛וּא עֹשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה עַל־הָאָבְנָֽיִם׃ | So I went down to the potter's house, and there he was, making artisanry at the turntable. | there he was ← behold him. One word in the ketiv; two in the qeré, with a minor spelling difference. |
| Jer 18:4 | וְנִשְׁחַ֣ת הַכְּלִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֛ה בַּחֹ֖מֶר בְּיַ֣ד הַיּוֹצֵ֑ר וְשָׁ֗ב וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ כְּלִ֣י אַחֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשַׁ֛ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַיּוֹצֵ֖ר לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ פ | But the article which he was making from clay became spoiled in the hand of the potter, and he started again, and he made it into another article, as was the right thing to do in the eyes of the potter. | started again ← returned. |
| Jer 18:5 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֽוֹר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 18:6 | הֲכַיּוֹצֵ֨ר הַזֶּ֜ה לֹא־אוּכַ֨ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָכֶ֛ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֤ה כַחֹ֙מֶר֙ בְּיַ֣ד הַיּוֹצֵ֔ר כֵּן־אַתֶּ֥ם בְּיָדִ֖י בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | “Am I not able to do with you as this potter has done, O house of Israel? says the Lord. Look, as the clay is in the hand of the potter, so you are in my hand, O house of Israel. | |
| Jer 18:7 | רֶ֣גַע אֲדַבֵּ֔ר עַל־גּ֖וֹי וְעַל־מַמְלָכָ֑ה לִנְת֥וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֖וֹץ וּֽלְהַאֲבִֽיד׃ | Now for one moment I will speak about a nation and about a kingdom, about plucking up and tearing down and destroying. | plucking up ... tearing down ... destroying: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| Jer 18:8 | וְשָׁב֙ הַגּ֣וֹי הַה֔וּא מֵרָ֣עָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי עָלָ֑יו וְנִֽחַמְתִּי֙ עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖בְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לֽוֹ׃ ס | But if that nation turns away from its evil which I have spoken about concerning it, then I will repent of the evil which I had intended to do to it. |
nation ... evil which: we, with the Vulgate, refer the relative pronoun to evil, without introducing a gender discordance. AV differs.
intended ← thought, but also intended. |
| Jer 18:9 | וְרֶ֣גַע אֲדַבֵּ֔ר עַל־גּ֖וֹי וְעַל־מַמְלָכָ֑ה לִבְנֹ֖ת וְלִנְטֹֽעַ׃ | And for another moment I will speak about a nation and about a kingdom, about building and planting. | building ... planting: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| Jer 18:10 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה *הרעה **הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י לְבִלְתִּ֖י שְׁמֹ֣עַ בְּקוֹלִ֑י וְנִֽחַמְתִּי֙ עַל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמַ֖רְתִּי לְהֵיטִ֥יב אוֹתֽוֹ׃ ס | But if it does evil in my eyes, by not heeding my voice, then I will repent of the good which I had said that I would do to it. |
evil: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
by not heeding: gerundial use of the infinitive. good ... that I would do ← good ... that I would do-good. |
| Jer 18:11 | וְעַתָּ֡ה אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֶל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤ר עֲלֵיכֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ נָ֗א אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃ | So now, kindly speak to the men of Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am about to craft evil on you, and to devise a design against you. Do turn away – each from his own evil way – and make your ways and your deeds good.» ’ ” |
men ← man. Collective usage.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. craft ← form, as with clay. devise a design ← think a thought. |
| Jer 18:12 | וְאָמְר֖וּ נוֹאָ֑שׁ כִּֽי־אַחֲרֵ֤י מַחְשְׁבוֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ נֵלֵ֔ךְ וְאִ֛ישׁ שְׁרִר֥וּת לִבּֽוֹ־הָרָ֖ע נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ ס | But they said, “It is desperate, for we will walk after our own thoughts, and we will each act according to the obstinacy of his evil heart.” | desperate: or in vain. |
| Jer 18:13 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַֽׁאֲלוּ־נָא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם מִ֥י שָׁמַ֖ע כָּאֵ֑לֶּה שַֽׁעֲרֻרִת֙ עָשְׂתָ֣ה מְאֹ֔ד בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord says:
“Just ask among the nations Who has heard such things. The virgin of Israel has done A very horrible thing. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 18:14 | הֲיַעֲזֹ֥ב מִצּ֛וּר שָׂדַ֖י שֶׁ֣לֶג לְבָנ֑וֹן אִם־יִנָּתְשׁ֗וּ מַ֛יִם זָרִ֥ים קָרִ֖ים נוֹזְלִֽים׃ |
Does the snow of Lebanon Desert the rock in the plain? Or will the flowing foreign cold water Be withdrawn? |
does the snow of Lebanon ... Desert the rock: AV differs (will (a man) leave the snow of Lebanon). We interpret as the snow feeds the brook in the plain. |
| Jer 18:15 | כִּֽי־שְׁכֵחֻ֥נִי עַמִּ֖י לַשָּׁ֣וְא יְקַטֵּ֑רוּ וַיַּכְשִׁל֤וּם בְּדַרְכֵיהֶם֙ שְׁבִילֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם לָלֶ֣כֶת נְתִיב֔וֹת דֶּ֖רֶךְ לֹ֥א סְלוּלָֽה׃ |
But my people have forgotten me; They burn incense in vain. And they have caused themselves to stumble in their ways. They have forsaken the age-old paths By walking in the tracks of a road not raised up, |
by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 18:16 | לָשׂ֥וּם אַרְצָ֛ם לְשַׁמָּ֖ה *שרוקת **שְׁרִיק֣וֹת עוֹלָ֑ם כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֖ם וְיָנִ֥יד בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ |
So making their land a desolation – An age-long object of jeering. Everyone who passes over it is astonished And shakes his head. |
object of jeering ← hissing, whistling. The ketiv is singular, the qeré plural. Singular in Jer 19:8. |
| Jer 18:17 | כְּרֽוּחַ־קָדִ֥ים אֲפִיצֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב עֹ֧רֶף וְלֹֽא־פָנִ֛ים אֶרְאֵ֖ם בְּי֥וֹם אֵידָֽם׃ ס |
Like an east wind, I will scatter them before the enemy. I will show them the back of the neck And not the face On the day of their downfall.” |
show ← see, but also visit. Re-pointing to אַרְאֵם, it reads show explicitly, as is read by eastern manuscripts, LXX, Vulgate, Syriac [BHS-CA]. |
| Jer 18:18 | וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ לְכ֨וּ וְנַחְשְׁבָ֣ה עַֽל־יִרְמְיָהוּ֮ מַחֲשָׁבוֹת֒ כִּי֩ לֹא־תֹאבַ֨ד תּוֹרָ֜ה מִכֹּהֵ֗ן וְעֵצָה֙ מֵֽחָכָ֔ם וְדָבָ֖ר מִנָּבִ֑יא לְכוּ֙ וְנַכֵּ֣הוּ בַלָּשׁ֔וֹן וְאַל־נַקְשִׁ֖יבָה אֶל־כָּל־דְּבָרָֽיו׃ | Then they said, “Come and let us devise designs against Jeremiah, for a pronouncement from a priest will not fail, nor counsel from a wise man, nor a word from a prophet. Come, and let us strike him with the tongue, and let us not heed any of his words.” |
devise designs ← think thoughts.
pronouncement ← law, but not the law of Moses; these priests and prophets deal falsely (Jer 8:10, Jer 13:13, Jer 14:18). fail ← perish. any ← all. |
| Jer 18:19 | הַקְשִׁ֥יבָה יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וּשְׁמַ֖ע לְק֥וֹל יְרִיבָֽי׃ |
O Lord, heed me, And hear the voice Of those who take issue with me. |
|
| Jer 18:20 | הַיְשֻׁלַּ֤ם תַּֽחַת־טוֹבָה֙ רָעָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָר֥וּ שׁוּחָ֖ה לְנַפְשִׁ֑י זְכֹ֣ר ׀ עָמְדִ֣י לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עֲלֵיהֶם֙ טוֹבָ֔ה לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־חֲמָתְךָ֖ מֵהֶֽם׃ |
Will evil be recompensed for good? For they have dug a lethal pit for me. Remember me standing before you To speak a good thing concerning them, To turn your fury away from them. |
lethal ... for me ← for my soul / life. |
| Jer 18:21 | לָכֵן֩ תֵּ֨ן אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֜ם לָרָעָ֗ב וְהַגִּרֵם֮ עַל־יְדֵי־חֶרֶב֒ וְתִֽהְיֶ֨נָה נְשֵׁיהֶ֤ם שַׁכֻּלוֹת֙ וְאַלְמָנ֔וֹת וְאַ֨נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם יִֽהְי֖וּ הֲרֻ֣גֵי מָ֑וֶת בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם מֻכֵּי־חֶ֖רֶב בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Therefore deliver their sons to famine, And give them over to the blade of the sword, And let their wives be bereaved of children And be widows, And let their men be put to death, And let their young men be struck by the sword in battle. |
blade ← hands; powers; sides.
put to death ← killed of death. |
| Jer 18:22 | תִּשָּׁמַ֤ע זְעָקָה֙ מִבָּ֣תֵּיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תָבִ֧יא עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם גְּד֖וּד פִּתְאֹ֑ם כִּֽי־כָר֤וּ *שיחה **שׁוּחָה֙ לְלָכְדֵ֔נִי וּפַחִ֖ים טָמְנ֥וּ לְרַגְלָֽי׃ |
Let their shout be heard from their houses When you suddenly bring a troop on them, For they have dug a pit to trap me, And they have hidden snares for my feet. |
pit: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Jer 18:23 | וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֠הוָה יָדַ֜עְתָּ אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲצָתָ֤ם עָלַי֙ לַמָּ֔וֶת אַל־תְּכַפֵּר֙ עַל־עֲוֺנָ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֖ם מִלְּפָנֶ֣יךָ אַל־תֶּ֑מְחִי *והיו **וְיִהְי֤וּ מֻכְשָׁלִים֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ בְּעֵ֥ת אַפְּךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֥ה בָהֶֽם׃ ס |
But you, O Lord, Know all their deadly plans against me. Do not pardon their iniquity, And do not blot out their sin from your presence, And let them be made to stumble before you. At the time of your anger, Deal with them. |
let them be: the ketiv and qeré are different conjugated forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
blot out: in an unusual form. |
| Jer 19:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הָל֛וֹךְ וְקָנִ֥יתָ בַקְבֻּ֖ק יוֹצֵ֣ר חָ֑רֶשׂ וּמִזִּקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וּמִזִּקְנֵ֖י הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | This is what the Lord says: “Go and get a potter's earthenware pitcher, and some of the elders of the people, and some of the elders of the priests, |
this is what ← thus.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 19:2 | וְיָצָ֙אתָ֙ אֶל־גֵּ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֕ר פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר *החרסות **הַֽחַרְסִ֑ית וְקָרָ֣אתָ שָּׁ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־אֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | and go out to the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, which is at the entrance of the Pottery Gate, and proclaim there the words which I will speak to you. |
Pottery Gate: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. AV differs (east gate).
the Valley of the Son of Hinnom: from which via Greek, Gehenna. |
| Jer 19:3 | וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא רָעָה֙ עַל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּל־שֹׁמְעָ֖הּ תִּצַּ֥לְנָה אָזְנָֽיו׃ | And you will say, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, you kings of Judah, and you inhabitants of Jerusalem. This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: «I am about to bring trouble to this place, and the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 19:4 | יַ֣עַן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָבֻ֗נִי וַֽיְנַכְּר֞וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וַיְקַטְּרוּ־בוֹ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֛וּם הֵ֥מָּה וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם וּמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמָֽלְא֛וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה דַּ֥ם נְקִיִּֽם׃ | For they have forsaken me and alienated this place, and they have burned incense in it to other gods whom they did not know, neither they, nor their fathers, nor the kings of Judah, and they have filled this place with the blood of the innocent. | |
| Jer 19:5 | וּבָנ֞וּ אֶת־בָּמ֣וֹת הַבַּ֗עַל לִשְׂרֹ֧ף אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֛ם בָּאֵ֖שׁ עֹל֣וֹת לַבָּ֑עַל אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ וְלֹ֣א דִבַּ֔רְתִּי וְלֹ֥א עָלְתָ֖ה עַל־לִבִּֽי׃ פ | And they have built the idolatrous raised sites of Baal, to burn their sons in fire as burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command and I did not speak of, and which did not arise in my heart. | arise in my heart: i.e. come to mind. |
| Jer 19:6 | לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִקָּרֵא֩ לַמָּק֨וֹם הַזֶּ֥ה ע֛וֹד הַתֹּ֖פֶת וְגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם כִּ֖י אִם־גֵּ֥יא הַהֲרֵגָֽה׃ | Therefore be aware that the days are coming, says the Lord, when this place will no longer be called Topheth, and the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, but the Valley of Killing. |
be aware that ← behold.
Topheth: see Jer 7:31, Jer 7:32. |
| Jer 19:7 | וּ֠בַקֹּתִי אֶת־עֲצַ֨ת יְהוּדָ֤ה וִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִפַּלְתִּ֤ים בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I will deprive Judah and Jerusalem of counsel in this place, and I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hand of those who seek their lives, and I will make their corpses food for the birds of the sky and the animals of the land. |
lives ← soul.
corpses ← corpse. Singular in Hebrew because one per person. |
| Jer 19:8 | וְשַׂמְתִּי֙ אֶת־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את לְשַׁמָּ֖ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֑ה כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכֹּתֶֽהָ׃ | And I will make this city a desolation and an object of jeering; everyone who passes over it will be astonished and will hiss at all its wrecked places. |
object of jeering ← hissing, whistling.
wrecked places ← smitings. |
| Jer 19:9 | וְהַֽאֲכַלְתִּ֞ים אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר בְּנֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֵת֙ בְּשַׂ֣ר בְּנֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וְאִ֥ישׁ בְּשַׂר־רֵעֵ֖הוּ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ בְּמָצוֹר֙ וּבְמָצ֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצִ֧יקוּ לָהֶ֛ם אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וּמְבַקְשֵׁ֥י נַפְשָֽׁם׃ | And I will feed them with the flesh of their sons and with the flesh of their daughters, and a man will eat the flesh of his neighbour, in a siege and in distress with which their enemies and those who seek their lives will oppress them.» ’ | lives ← soul. |
| Jer 19:10 | וְשָׁבַרְתָּ֖ הַבַּקְבֻּ֑ק לְעֵינֵי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַהֹלְכִ֖ים אוֹתָֽךְ׃ | And you will break the pitcher in the sight of the men who are walking with you. | |
| Jer 19:11 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת כָּ֣כָה אֶשְׁבֹּ֞ר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וְאֶת־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁבֹּר֙ אֶת־כְּלִ֣י הַיּוֹצֵ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־יוּכַ֥ל לְהֵרָפֵ֖ה ע֑וֹד וּבְתֹ֣פֶת יִקְבְּר֔וּ מֵאֵ֥ין מָק֖וֹם לִקְבּֽוֹר׃ | And you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «Likewise, I will break this people and this city, as a man breaks a potter's article which cannot be mended again, and they will bury people in Topheth for lack of room to bury them elsewhere. |
this is what ← thus.
Topheth: see Jer 7:31. for lack of room: AV differs (till there be no place). |
| Jer 19:12 | כֵּֽן־אֶעֱשֶׂ֞ה לַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וּלְיֽוֹשְׁבָ֑יו וְלָתֵ֛ת אֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את כְּתֹֽפֶת׃ | That is what I will do to this place, says the Lord, and to its inhabitants, to make this city like Topheth. |
that is what ← thus.
Topheth: see Jer 7:31. |
| Jer 19:13 | וְהָי֞וּ בָּתֵּ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּבָתֵּי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּמְק֥וֹם הַתֹּ֖פֶת הַטְּמֵאִ֑ים לְכֹ֣ל הַבָּתִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטְּר֜וּ עַל־גַּגֹּֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְכֹל֙ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ נְסָכִ֖ים לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ פ | And the houses of Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah will be unclean, like the place of Topheth, because of all the households which burned incense on their roofs to the whole array of the heavens, and which poured libations to other gods.» ’ ” |
Topheth: see Jer 7:31.
poured: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 19:14 | וַיָּבֹ֤א יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֵֽהַתֹּ֔פֶת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שְׁלָח֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה שָׁ֖ם לְהִנָּבֵ֑א וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ בַּחֲצַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ ס | Then Jeremiah came back from Topheth where the Lord had sent him to prophesy, and he stood in the courtyard of the house of the Lord and said to all the people, | Topheth: see Jer 7:31. |
| Jer 19:15 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֨י *מבי **מֵבִ֜יא אֶל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־כָּל־עָרֶ֔יהָ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י הִקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י שְׁמ֥וֹעַ אֶת־דְּבָרָֽי׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘I am about to bring to this city and on all the land's cities all the evil which I spoke against it, for they have stiffened their necks, so as not to hear my words.’ ” |
bring: the ketiv is an apocopation of the qeré.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. the land's ← her. necks ← neck. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 20:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע פַּשְׁחוּר֙ בֶּן־אִמֵּ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהֽוּא־פָקִ֥יד נָגִ֖יד בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ נִבָּ֖א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And Pashhur the son of Immer the priest, who was a leading superintendent in the house of the Lord, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things. | Pashhur: (shin + heth), AV= Pashur. |
| Jer 20:2 | וַיַּכֶּ֣ה פַשְׁח֔וּר אֵ֖ת יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹת֜וֹ עַל־הַמַּהְפֶּ֗כֶת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּשַׁ֤עַר בִּנְיָמִן֙ הָֽעֶלְי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And Pashhur struck Jeremiah the prophet and put him in the prison which is at the Upper Gate of Benjamin, which is at the house of the Lord. |
Pashhur: see Jer 20:1.
prison: or stocks. |
| Jer 20:3 | וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֹּצֵ֥א פַשְׁח֛וּר אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִן־הַמַּהְפָּ֑כֶת וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ לֹ֤א פַשְׁחוּר֙ קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ שְׁמֶ֔ךָ כִּ֖י אִם־מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ פ | And it came to pass on the next day that Pashhur brought Jeremiah out of the prison, and Jeremiah said to him, “The Lord does not call you Pashhur, but Magor-Missabib. |
Pashhur (2x): see Jer 20:1.
prison: or stocks. Magor-Missabib: i.e. fear round about. |
| Jer 20:4 | כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הִנְנִי֩ נֹתֶנְךָ֨ לְמָג֜וֹר לְךָ֣ וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ וְנָֽפְל֛וּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֑וֹת וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִגְלָ֥ם בָּבֶ֖לָה וְהִכָּ֥ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | For this is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to deliver you to fear – you and all your friends – and they will fall by the sword of their enemies, and your eyes will see it. And I will deliver the whole of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will deport them to Babylon and strike them with the sword. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 20:5 | וְנָתַתִּ֗י אֶת־כָּל־חֹ֙סֶן֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְאֶת־כָּל־יְגִיעָ֖הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־יְקָרָ֑הּ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אוֹצְר֜וֹת מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְזָזוּם֙ וּלְקָח֔וּם וֶהֱבִיא֖וּם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And I will deliver all the wealth of this city, and all its hard-earned substance, and all its precious articles, and I will deliver all the treasures of the kings of Judah, into the hand of their enemies, and they will plunder them, and they will take them and bring them to Babylon. | |
| Jer 20:6 | וְאַתָּ֣ה פַשְׁח֗וּר וְכֹל֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בֵיתֶ֔ךָ תֵּלְכ֖וּ בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי וּבָבֶ֣ל תָּב֗וֹא וְשָׁ֤ם תָּמוּת֙ וְשָׁ֣ם תִּקָּבֵ֔ר אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־אֹ֣הֲבֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁר־נִבֵּ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם בַּשָּֽׁקֶר׃ ס | And you, Pashhur, and all who live in your house, will go into captivity, and you will go to Babylon, and it is there that you will die, and it is there that you will be buried – you and all your friends to whom you prophesied falsely.’ ” | Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. |
| Jer 20:7 | פִּתִּיתַ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ וָֽאֶפָּ֔ת חֲזַקְתַּ֖נִי וַתּוּכָ֑ל הָיִ֤יתִי לִשְׂחוֹק֙ כָּל־הַיּ֔וֹם כֻּלֹּ֖ה לֹעֵ֥ג לִֽי׃ |
O Lord, you have induced me into this, And I have been induced into it. You are stronger than I, And you have prevailed. I have become a laughing stock All day long. Everyone mocks me. |
|
| Jer 20:8 | כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֤י אֲדַבֵּר֙ אֶזְעָ֔ק חָמָ֥ס וָשֹׁ֖ד אֶקְרָ֑א כִּֽי־הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֥ה לִ֛י לְחֶרְפָּ֥ה וּלְקֶ֖לֶס כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
For whenever I speak, I shout. I cry out, “Violence and oppression!” For the word of the Lord Was reproach and derision for me All day long. |
|
| Jer 20:9 | וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לֹֽא־אֶזְכְּרֶ֗נּוּ וְלֹֽא־אֲדַבֵּ֥ר עוֹד֙ בִּשְׁמ֔וֹ וְהָיָ֤ה בְלִבִּי֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ בֹּעֶ֔רֶת עָצֻ֖ר בְּעַצְמֹתָ֑י וְנִלְאֵ֥יתִי כַּֽלְכֵ֖ל וְלֹ֥א אוּכָֽל׃ |
And I said, “I will not mention him, And I will not speak in his name any more.” But it was in my heart like burning fire, Shut up in my bones, And I became weary enduring it, And I was not able to do so. |
enduring: i.e. with enduring, gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 20:10 | כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֜עְתִּי דִּבַּ֣ת רַבִּים֮ מָג֣וֹר מִסָּבִיב֒ הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ וְנַגִּידֶ֔נּוּ כֹּ֚ל אֱנ֣וֹשׁ שְׁלוֹמִ֔י שֹׁמְרֵ֖י צַלְעִ֑י אוּלַ֤י יְפֻתֶּה֙ וְנ֣וּכְלָה ל֔וֹ וְנִקְחָ֥ה נִקְמָתֵ֖נוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
For I have heard the slander of many; There is fear all round. “Report it, and we will report him”, they say. Every man I have been well-disposed towards, Who would stand by me, Says, “Perhaps he will be enticed, And we will get the better of him, And take our revenge on him.” |
the slander of many: a subjective genitive (many slander me). AV differs (the defaming of many), objective (?).
I have been well-disposed towards ← of my peace. who would stand by me ← guardians of my rib. AV differs (watching for my halting). get the better of him ← prevail over him. |
| Jer 20:11 | וַֽיהוָ֤ה אוֹתִי֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר עָרִ֔יץ עַל־כֵּ֛ן רֹדְפַ֥י יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יֻכָ֑לוּ בֹּ֤שׁוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּ֔ילוּ כְּלִמַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃ |
But the Lord is with me as a mighty warrior, Which is why those who pursue me will stumble And will not prevail. They will be very ashamed, Because they have not acted prudently. They will have age-abiding ignominy Which will not be forgotten. |
|
| Jer 20:12 | וַיהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֹּחֵ֣ן צַדִּ֔יק רֹאֶ֥ה כְלָי֖וֹת וָלֵ֑ב אֶרְאֶ֤ה נִקְמָֽתְךָ֙ מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֵלֶ֖יךָ גִּלִּ֥יתִי אֶת־רִיבִֽי׃ ס |
But the Lord of hosts tests the righteous And sees the kidneys and the heart. I will see your vengeance on them, For I have disclosed my contention to you. |
Rom 8:27, Rev 2:23. See also Jer 17:10.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Jer 20:13 | שִׁ֚ירוּ לַֽיהוָ֔ה הַֽלְל֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֥י הִצִּ֛יל אֶת־נֶ֥פֶשׁ אֶבְי֖וֹן מִיַּ֥ד מְרֵעִֽים׃ ס |
Sing to the Lord; Praise the Lord, For he has delivered the livelihood of the poor From the grip of evildoers. |
livelihood ← soul.
grip ← hand. |
| Jer 20:14 | אָר֣וּר הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלַּ֖דְתִּי בּ֑וֹ י֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יְלָדַ֥תְנִי אִמִּ֖י אַל־יְהִ֥י בָרֽוּךְ׃ |
Cursed be the day on which I was born – The day when my mother bore me. Let it not be blessed. |
Compare this verse and the following verses to Job 3:3. |
| Jer 20:15 | אָר֣וּר הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּשַּׂ֤ר אֶת־אָבִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יֻֽלַּד־לְךָ֖ בֵּ֣ן זָכָ֑ר שַׂמֵּ֖חַ שִׂמֳּחָֽהוּ׃ |
Cursed be the man who brought the news to my father And said, “A son, a male, has been born to you”, Making him rejoice greatly. |
making him rejoice greatly: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 20:16 | וְהָיָה֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא כֶּֽעָרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־הָפַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א נִחָ֑ם וְשָׁמַ֤ע זְעָקָה֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּתְרוּעָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥ת צָהֳרָֽיִם׃ |
And let that man be like the cities which the Lord has overturned And did not show compassion on, And let him hear an outcry in the morning And shouting at noon time, |
|
| Jer 20:17 | אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מוֹתְתַ֖נִי מֵרָ֑חֶם וַתְּהִי־לִ֤י אִמִּי֙ קִבְרִ֔י וְרַחְמָ֖הֿ הֲרַ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Because he did not kill me in the womb, So that my mother would be my grave, And her womb would be age-abidingly pregnant. |
in the womb ← from the womb, viewed as an ongoing state after the event.
her womb would be age-abidingly pregnant: i.e. pregnant mother and child die. MT's rafé changes her womb to a damsel, a word ↴ |
| Jer 20:18 | לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ מֵרֶ֣חֶם יָצָ֔אתִי לִרְא֥וֹת עָמָ֖ל וְיָג֑וֹן וַיִּכְל֥וּ בְּבֹ֖שֶׁת יָמָֽי׃ פ |
Why is it that I came out of the womb To see toil and sorrow, And that my days should end in shame? |
↳ otherwise unattested, except perhaps in Judg 5:30, of women as spoil.
why is it ← why (is) this. |
| Jer 21:1 | הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה בִּשְׁלֹ֨חַ אֵלָ֜יו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֗הוּ אֶת־פַּשְׁחוּר֙ בֶּן־מַלְכִּיָּ֔ה וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֧ה בֶן־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֛ה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord when King Zedekiah sent him Pashhur the son of Malchijah and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest and said, |
came ← became.
Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. Malchijah: AV= Melchiah here, but it is elsewhere evenly split between Malchiah and Malchijah. |
| Jer 21:2 | דְּרָשׁ־נָ֤א בַעֲדֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל נִלְחָ֣ם עָלֵ֑ינוּ אוּלַי֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אוֹתָ֙נוּ֙ כְּכָל־נִפְלְאֹתָ֔יו וְיַעֲלֶ֖ה מֵעָלֵֽינוּ׃ ס | “Inquire of the Lord concerning us, for Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon is fighting against us. It may be that the Lord will deal with us according to all his wonders, and he will raise the siege from us.” |
Nebuchadrezzar: this spelling is frequently used in Jeremiah, and always in Ezekiel.
raise the siege: taking the verb as hiphil. AV differs (go up), taking the verb as qal, which is ↴ |
| Jer 21:3 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְרֻ֖ן אֶל־צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ | But Jeremiah said to them, “This is what you will say to Zedekiah: |
↳ also possible. But Jerusalem is a high point, and going away from it is going down.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 21:4 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֣י מֵסֵב֮ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיֶדְכֶם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם נִלְחָמִ֣ים בָּ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ בָּבֶל֙ וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַצָּרִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם מִח֖וּץ לַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ | ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel says: «I am about to overturn the weapons of war which are in your hand, with which you are fighting the king of Babylon and the Chaldeans who are besieging you outside the wall, and I will gather them into this city. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. into ← to inside. |
| Jer 21:5 | וְנִלְחַמְתִּ֤י אֲנִי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם בְּיָ֥ד נְטוּיָ֖ה וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ חֲזָקָ֑ה וּבְאַ֥ף וּבְחֵמָ֖ה וּבְקֶ֥צֶף גָּדֽוֹל׃ | And I myself will fight you with an outstretched hand and with a strong arm, and with anger, and with fury, and with great wrath. | |
| Jer 21:6 | וְהִכֵּיתִ֗י אֶת־יֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְאֶת־הָאָדָ֖ם וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּדֶ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל יָמֻֽתוּ׃ | And I will strike the inhabitants of this city, both man and beast. They will die in a great plague. | |
| Jer 21:7 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֣ן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֣ה וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֣יו ׀ וְאֶת־הָעָ֡ם וְאֶת־הַנִּשְׁאָרִים֩ בָּעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֜את מִן־הַדֶּ֣בֶר ׀ מִן־הַחֶ֣רֶב וּמִן־הָרָעָ֗ב בְּיַד֙ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וּבְיַד֙ אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְהִכָּ֣ם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב לֹֽא־יָח֣וּס עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א יַחְמֹ֖ל וְלֹ֥א יְרַחֵֽם׃ | And after that, says the Lord, I will deliver Zedekiah king of Judah and his servants, and the people, and those remaining in this city after the plague, after the sword, and after the famine, into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, into the hand of their enemies and into the hand of those seeking their life, and he will strike them with the edge of the sword. He will not spare them, and he will not pity, and he will not show compassion.» ’ |
after (3x) ← from.
life ← soul. |
| Jer 21:8 | וְאֶל־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ תֹּאמַ֔ר כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנְנִ֤י נֹתֵן֙ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם אֶת־דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמָּֽוֶת׃ | And you will say to this people, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 21:9 | הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את יָמ֕וּת בַּחֶ֖רֶב וּבָרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וְהַיּוֹצֵא֩ וְנָפַ֨ל עַל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֜ים הַצָּרִ֤ים עֲלֵיכֶם֙ *יחיה **וְחָיָ֔ה וְהָֽיְתָה־לּ֥וֹ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ לְשָׁלָֽל׃ | He who remains in this city will die by the sword and by famine and by the plague, but he who goes out and falls into the hands of the Chaldeans who are besieging you will live, and his life will be his spoil. |
will live: the ketiv and qeré are different forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
life ← soul. |
| Jer 21:10 | כִּ֣י שַׂ֣מְתִּי פָ֠נַי בָּעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את לְרָעָ֛ה וְלֹ֥א לְטוֹבָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה בְּיַד־מֶ֤לֶךְ בָּבֶל֙ תִּנָּתֵ֔ן וּשְׂרָפָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | For I have set my face against this city with a view to its detriment and not to its benefit, says the Lord. It will be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.» ’ | |
| Jer 21:11 | וּלְבֵית֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | And as for the house of the king of Judah, hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Jer 21:12 | בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֗ד כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה דִּ֤ינוּ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וְהַצִּ֥ילוּ גָז֖וּל מִיַּ֣ד עוֹשֵׁ֑ק פֶּן־תֵּצֵ֨א כָאֵ֜שׁ חֲמָתִ֗י וּבָעֲרָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין מְכַבֶּ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י רֹ֥עַ *מעלליהם **מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃ |
‘O house of David, this is what the Lord says:
«Administer justice in the morning, And deliver him who has been plundered from the oppressor, So that my fury does not go forth like fire And burn with no-one to extinguish it, Because of the evil of {K: their} [Q: your] deeds. |
their: AV differs, taking the qeré (your).
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 21:13 | הִנְנִ֨י אֵלַ֜יִךְ יֹשֶׁ֧בֶת הָעֵ֛מֶק צ֥וּר הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ מִֽי־יֵחַ֣ת עָלֵ֔ינוּ וּמִ֥י יָב֖וֹא בִּמְעוֹנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
I am here against you, You who inhabit the valley And the rock of the plain, Says the Lord – Against you who say, ‹Who can descend on us, And who will come to our dwelling places?› |
I am here ← behold me.
the rock of the plain: i.e. Zion [CB]. |
| Jer 21:14 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם כִּפְרִ֥י מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּיַעְרָ֔הּ וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
But I will visit you according to the fruit of your deeds, Says the Lord, And I will light a fire in her forest, And it will consume all her surrounding area.» ’ ” |
her ... her: i.e. Judah's (Jer 21:11), or perhaps of the area around Jerusalem. |
| Jer 22:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה רֵ֖ד בֵּֽית־מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ שָׁ֔ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | This is what the Lord says: “Go down to the house of the king of Judah, and speak these words there, |
this is what ← thus.
these words ← this word / thing. |
| Jer 22:2 | וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֑ד אַתָּ֤ה וַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֔ הַבָּאִ֖ים בַּשְּׁעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | and say, ‘Hear the word of the Lord, O king of Judah, you who sit on the throne of David, you and your servants and your people who come through these gates. | |
| Jer 22:3 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עֲשׂ֤וּ מִשְׁפָּט֙ וּצְדָקָ֔ה וְהַצִּ֥ילוּ גָז֖וּל מִיַּ֣ד עָשׁ֑וֹק וְגֵר֩ יָת֨וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֤ה אַל־תֹּנוּ֙ אַל־תַּחְמֹ֔סוּ וְדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י אַֽל־תִּשְׁפְּכ֖וּ בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | This is what the Lord says: «Administer justice and righteousness, and deliver him who has been plundered from the hand of the oppressor, and do not drive out or do violence to the foreigner, orphan, or widow. And do not shed innocent blood in this place. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 22:4 | כִּ֤י אִם־עָשׂוֹ֙ תַּֽעֲשׂ֔וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה וּבָ֣אוּ בְשַׁעֲרֵ֣י הַבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּ֡ה מְלָכִים֩ יֹשְׁבִ֨ים לְדָוִ֜ד עַל־כִּסְא֗וֹ רֹֽכְבִים֙ בָּרֶ֣כֶב וּבַסּוּסִ֔ים ה֥וּא *ועבדו **וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְעַמּֽוֹ׃ | For if you diligently do this thing, then kings will enter through the gates of this house, sitting on the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, each and his {Q: servants} [K: servant], and his people. |
diligently do: infinitive absolute.
each ← he, standing for each king. |
| Jer 22:5 | וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בִּ֤י נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־לְחָרְבָּ֥ה יִֽהְיֶ֖ה הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | But if you do not heed these things, I have sworn by myself, says the Lord, that this house will become a ruin.» | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 22:6 | כִּֽי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עַל־בֵּית֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה גִּלְעָ֥ד אַתָּ֛ה לִ֖י רֹ֣אשׁ הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן אִם־לֹ֤א אֲשִֽׁיתְךָ֙ מִדְבָּ֔ר עָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א *נושבה **נוֹשָֽׁבוּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says to the house of the king of Judah:
«You are Gilead to me – The summit of Lebanon – But I will certainly make you a desert – Cities which are not inhabited. |
are not inhabited: the ketiv is discordant (feminine singular), perhaps indicating each.
this is what ← thus. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. I will certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Jer 22:7 | וְקִדַּשְׁתִּ֥י עָלֶ֛יךָ מַשְׁחִתִ֖ים אִ֣ישׁ וְכֵלָ֑יו וְכָֽרְתוּ֙ מִבְחַ֣ר אֲרָזֶ֔יךָ וְהִפִּ֖ילוּ עַל־הָאֵֽשׁ׃ |
And I will consecrate destroyers against you – Each one and his weapons – And they will cut your choice cedars down And consign them to the fire. |
cedars: standing for houses made from them [CB].
consign ← fell; assign. |
| Jer 22:8 | וְעָֽבְרוּ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָעִ֥יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Many nations will pass by this city, and they will say to one another, ‹Why has the Lord done this to this great city?› | this ← thus. |
| Jer 22:9 | וְאָ֣מְר֔וּ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽזְב֔וּ אֶת־בְּרִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֛וּ לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים וַיַּעַבְדֽוּם׃ ס | And they will say, ‹Because they forsook the covenant of the Lord their God, and they worshipped other gods and served them.› | |
| Jer 22:10 | אַל־תִּבְכּ֣וּ לְמֵ֔ת וְאַל־תָּנֻ֖דוּ ל֑וֹ בְּכ֤וּ בָכוֹ֙ לַֽהֹלֵ֔ךְ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָשׁוּב֙ ע֔וֹד וְרָאָ֖ה אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מוֹלַדְתּֽוֹ׃ ס |
Do not weep for him who is dead, And do not bemoan him; Weep profusely rather For him who goes away, For he will not return again Or see his native land.» |
weep profusely: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 22:11 | כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה אֶל־שַׁלֻּ֨ם בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֜הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה הַמֹּלֵךְ֙ תַּ֚חַת יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצָ֖א מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לֹֽא־יָשׁ֥וּב שָׁ֖ם עֽוֹד׃ | For this is what the Lord says to Shallum the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, who was reigning in place of Josiah his father, who went out of this place: «He will not return there any more. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 22:12 | כִּ֗י בִּמְק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הִגְל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ שָׁ֣ם יָמ֑וּת וְאֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֥ה עֽוֹד׃ ס | For the place to which they deport him is where he will die, and he will no longer see this country. | |
| Jer 22:13 | ה֣וֹי בֹּנֶ֤ה בֵיתוֹ֙ בְּֽלֹא־צֶ֔דֶק וַעֲלִיּוֹתָ֖יו בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֑ט בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יַעֲבֹ֣ד חִנָּ֔ם וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתֶּן־לֽוֹ׃ |
Woe to him who builds his house on an unrighteous basis, And his upper rooms in an unjust way, With his neighbour working for nothing, And not giving him his wages, |
|
| Jer 22:14 | הָאֹמֵ֗ר אֶבְנֶה־לִּי֙ בֵּ֣ית מִדּ֔וֹת וַעֲלִיּ֖וֹת מְרֻוָּחִ֑ים וְקָ֤רַֽע לוֹ֙ חַלּוֹנָ֔י וְסָפ֣וּן בָּאָ֔רֶז וּמָשׁ֖וֹחַ בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃ |
Who says, ‹I will build myself a vast house, And spacious upper rooms.› And he cuts himself out windows, And it is panelled with cedar, And it is painted with red ochre. |
a vast house ← a house of measures.
painted ← anointed, expressed by an infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 22:15 | הֲתִֽמְלֹ֔ךְ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה מְתַחֲרֶ֣ה בָאָ֑רֶז אָבִ֜יךָ הֲל֧וֹא אָכַ֣ל וְשָׁתָ֗ה וְעָשָׂ֤ה מִשְׁפָּט֙ וּצְדָקָ֔ה אָ֖ז ט֥וֹב לֽוֹ׃ |
Will you reign Because you are zealous about cedar? Did your father not eat and drink And administer justice and righteousness, And then things went well with him? |
are zealous: tiphel stem-formation, but it could be re-pointed to hithpael. AV differs (closest thyself). |
| Jer 22:16 | דָּ֛ן דִּין־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן אָ֣ז ט֑וֹב הֲלוֹא־הִ֛יא הַדַּ֥עַת אֹתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
He defended the interest of the poor and the needy, Then it went well with him. Is this not knowing me? Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 22:17 | כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלִבְּךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־עַל־בִּצְעֶ֑ךָ וְעַ֤ל דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ לִשְׁפּ֔וֹךְ וְעַל־הָעֹ֥שֶׁק וְעַל־הַמְּרוּצָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ ס |
For your eyes and your heart Are set on nothing but personal profit And on shedding the blood of the innocent And on oppression and on inflicting ill-treatment.» |
personal ← your.
on shedding ... inflicting: gerundial use of the infinitive. inflicting ← doing. |
| Jer 22:18 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־יְהוֹיָקִ֤ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה לֹא־יִסְפְּד֣וּ ל֔וֹ ה֥וֹי אָחִ֖י וְה֣וֹי אָח֑וֹת לֹא־יִסְפְּד֣וּ ל֔וֹ ה֥וֹי אָד֖וֹן וְה֥וֹי הֹדֹֽה׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord says concerning Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah:
«They shall not mourn for him, saying, ‹Alas, my brother›, And, ‹Alas, sister.› They shall not mourn for him saying, ‹Alas, lord›, Or, ‹Alas for his illustriousness.› |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 22:19 | קְבוּרַ֥ת חֲמ֖וֹר יִקָּבֵ֑ר סָח֣וֹב וְהַשְׁלֵ֔ךְ מֵהָ֖לְאָה לְשַׁעֲרֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
He will be buried with the burial of a donkey, Which they drag and cast down Beyond the gates of Jerusalem. |
drag and cast down: both infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs. |
| Jer 22:20 | עֲלִ֤י הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ וּֽצְעָ֔קִי וּבַבָּשָׁ֖ן תְּנִ֣י קוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְצַֽעֲקִי֙ מֵֽעֲבָרִ֔ים כִּ֥י נִשְׁבְּר֖וּ כָּל־מְאַהֲבָֽיִךְ׃ |
Go up to Lebanon and cry out, And raise your voice in Bashan, And cry out from Abarim, For all your lovers have been routed. |
raise ← give.
Bashan ← the Bashan. Abarim: as in Num 27:12, Num 33:47, Deut 32:49. AV differs (passages). routed ← broken. All the imperatives are ↴ |
| Jer 22:21 | דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּשַׁלְוֺתַ֔יִךְ אָמַ֖רְתְּ לֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֑ע זֶ֤ה דַרְכֵּךְ֙ מִנְּעוּרַ֔יִךְ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֖עַתְּ בְּקוֹלִֽי׃ |
I spoke to you in your time at ease, But you said, ‹I will not hear.› This has been your way since your youth, For you have not heeded my voice. |
↳ feminine singular, referring to Jerusalem or Judah. This continues up to Jer 22:23. |
| Jer 22:22 | כָּל־רֹעַ֙יִךְ֙ תִּרְעֶה־ר֔וּחַ וּֽמְאַהֲבַ֖יִךְ בַּשְּׁבִ֣י יֵלֵ֑כוּ כִּ֣י אָ֤ז תֵּבֹ֙שִׁי֙ וְנִכְלַ֔מְתְּ מִכֹּ֖ל רָעָתֵֽךְ׃ |
The wind will consume all your shepherds, And your lovers will go into captivity, For then you will be put to shame, And you will suffer ignominy Because of all your wickedness. |
consume: or feed, pasture, the opposite sense, but with the same result. The word is in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Jer 22:23 | *ישבתי **יֹשַׁבְתְּ֙ בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן *מקננתי **מְקֻנַּ֖נְתְּ בָּֽאֲרָזִ֑ים מַה־נֵּחַנְתְּ֙ בְּבֹא־לָ֣ךְ חֲבָלִ֔ים חִ֖יל כַּיֹּלֵדָֽה׃ |
You who live in Lebanon, Who have had your nest built in the cedars, How pitiable you are When the pangs come upon you – The throes as of a woman giving birth. |
you who live ... who have had your nest built: the ketiv forms have perhaps an early case ending; see [Ges-HG] §90n. Compare Jer 10:17.
Lebanon: standing for the houses built of Lebanese timber. |
| Jer 22:24 | חַי־אָנִי֮ נְאֻם־יְהוָה֒ כִּ֣י אִם־יִהְיֶ֞ה כָּנְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־יְהֽוֹיָקִים֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה חוֹתָ֖ם עַל־יַ֣ד יְמִינִ֑י כִּ֥י מִשָּׁ֖ם אֶתְּקֶֽנְךָּ׃ | As I live, says the Lord, even if Coniah the son of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, were a signet on my right hand, I would still pluck you off it. |
Coniah: an abbreviated form of Jeconiah, another name of Jehoiachin.
you: a change from third to second grammatical person. Compare Lev 1:3, Num 15:9, Isa 33:1 etc. off it ← from there. |
| Jer 22:25 | וּנְתַתִּ֗יךָ בְּיַד֙ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ וּבְיַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה יָג֖וֹר מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וּבְיַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּבְיַ֥ד הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | And I will deliver you into the hand of those who seek your life, and into the hand of those whose presence you fear, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans. | life ← soul. |
| Jer 22:26 | וְהֵֽטַלְתִּ֣י אֹתְךָ֗ וְאֶֽת־אִמְּךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְלָדַ֔תְךָ עַ֚ל הָאָ֣רֶץ אַחֶ֔רֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֻלַּדְתֶּ֖ם שָׁ֑ם וְשָׁ֖ם תָּמֽוּתוּ׃ | And I will cast you out, and your mother who gave birth to you, to another land where you were not born, and you will die there. | |
| Jer 22:27 | וְעַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֛ם מְנַשְּׂאִ֥ים אֶת־נַפְשָׁ֖ם לָשׁ֣וּב שָׁ֑ם שָׁ֖מָּה לֹ֥א יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃ ס | And to a land where they will set their heart on returning, but they will not return to it. |
set ← lift.
heart ← soul. to it ← to there. |
| Jer 22:28 | הַעֶ֨צֶב נִבְזֶ֜ה נָפ֗וּץ הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ כָּנְיָ֔הוּ אִ֨ם־כְּלִ֔י אֵ֥ין חֵ֖פֶץ בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֤וּעַ הֽוּטֲלוּ֙ ה֣וּא וְזַרְע֔וֹ וְהֻ֨שְׁלְכ֔וּ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדָֽעוּ׃ |
Is this man Coniah not a despicable smashed piece of earthenware? Or a vessel which has nothing attractive about it? Why have he and his seed been cast out And ejected into a land Which they have not known?» |
nothing attractive about it ← no delight in it. |
| Jer 22:29 | אֶ֥רֶץ אֶ֖רֶץ אָ֑רֶץ שִׁמְעִ֖י דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
O earth, earth, earth, Hear the word of the Lord. |
|
| Jer 22:30 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה כִּתְב֞וּ אֶת־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ עֲרִירִ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר לֹא־יִצְלַ֣ח בְּיָמָ֑יו כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יִצְלַ֜ח מִזַּרְע֗וֹ אִ֚ישׁ יֹשֵׁב֙ עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֔ד וּמֹשֵׁ֥ל ע֖וֹד בִּיהוּדָֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord says: «Record this man as childless – A man who will not prosper in his days – For none of his seed will prosper, Neither as a man sitting on the throne of David, Nor a ruler in Judah any more.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
record ← write. Jeconiah had descendants, listed in Matt 1:12 - Matt 1:16, who all had a legal right to the throne, but they were barred from exercising it. Joseph (Matt 1:16) passed ↴ |
| Jer 23:1 | ה֣וֹי רֹעִ֗ים מְאַבְּדִ֧ים וּמְפִצִ֛ים אֶת־צֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | “Woe to the shepherds who are destroying and scattering the sheep of my flock, says the Lord.” |
↳ the right to the throne to his legal, but not biological, son Jesus Christ, who, not being the biological descendant of Jeconiah, was not barred from ↴
flock ← pasturing. |
| Jer 23:2 | לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַֽל־הָרֹעִים֮ הָרֹעִ֣ים אֶת־עַמִּי֒ אַתֶּ֞ם הֲפִצֹתֶ֤ם אֶת־צֹאנִי֙ וַתַּדִּח֔וּם וְלֹ֥א פְקַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם הִנְנִ֨י פֹקֵ֧ד עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם אֶת־רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | That is why this is what the Lord God of Israel says against the shepherds who shepherd my people: “You have scattered my sheep and driven them out, and you have not taken care of them. I am about to appoint over you the evil of your deeds, says the Lord. |
↳ the throne. Christ's biological genealogy from David comes through Mary. See Luke 3:23 - 31.
this is what ← thus. taken care ... appoint: from the same verb in Hebrew. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 23:3 | וַאֲנִ֗י אֲקַבֵּץ֙ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית צֹאנִ֔י מִכֹּל֙ הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־הִדַּ֥חְתִּי אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑ם וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י אֶתְהֶ֛ן עַל־נְוֵהֶ֖ן וּפָר֥וּ וְרָבֽוּ׃ | And I will gather the remainder of my sheep from all the countries into which I have driven them, and I will bring them back to their pasture, and they will be fruitful and multiply. | |
| Jer 23:4 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם רֹעִ֖ים וְרָע֑וּם וְלֹא־יִֽירְא֨וּ ע֧וֹד וְלֹא־יֵחַ֛תּוּ וְלֹ֥א יִפָּקֵ֖דוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will set up shepherds over them, and they will shepherd them. And they will no longer fear, and they will not be afraid, and they will not be missing, says the Lord. | |
| Jer 23:5 | הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַהֲקִמֹתִ֥י לְדָוִ֖ד צֶ֣מַח צַדִּ֑יק וּמָ֤לַךְ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהִשְׂכִּ֔יל וְעָשָׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Behold, the days are coming, Says the Lord, When I will raise a righteous branch to David, And he will reign as king, And he will act wisely And administer justice and righteousness in the land. |
John 7:42.
|| Jer 33:14, Jer 33:15. |
| Jer 23:6 | בְּיָמָיו֙ תִּוָּשַׁ֣ע יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׁכֹּ֣ן לָבֶ֑טַח וְזֶה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ אֲֽשֶׁר־יִקְרְא֖וֹ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ צִדְקֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
In his days Judah will be saved, And Israel will dwell securely, And this is his name by which he will be called: The Lord our Righteousness. |
|| Jer 33:16.
he will be called ← one will call him. Note how both the speaker (see previous verse) and the branch are called the Lord (יהוה, Jehovah / Yahveh), showing ↴ |
| Jer 23:7 | לָכֵ֛ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹא־יֹ֤אמְרוּ עוֹד֙ חַי־יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלָ֛ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Therefore behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when they will no longer say, ‘As the Lord lives, who brought the sons of Israel up out of the land of Egypt’, |
↳ the deity of the Messiah. Also, the fact that the branch provides righteousness is consistent with imputed righteousness (by faith) not by works.
|| Jer 16:14. |
| Jer 23:8 | כִּ֣י אִם־חַי־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶעֱלָה֩ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יא אֶת־זֶ֨רַע בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹנָה וּמִכֹּל֙ הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִדַּחְתִּ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וְיָשְׁב֖וּ עַל־אַדְמָתָֽם׃ ס | but rather, ‘As the Lord lives, who brought up and who brought in the seed of the house of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands into which I had driven them, and they will dwell on their own land.’ ” | || Jer 16:15. |
| Jer 23:9 | לַנְּבִאִ֞ים נִשְׁבַּ֧ר לִבִּ֣י בְקִרְבִּ֗י רָֽחֲפוּ֙ כָּל־עַצְמוֹתַ֔י הָיִ֙יתִי֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ שִׁכּ֔וֹר וּכְגֶ֖בֶר עֲבָ֣רוֹ יָ֑יִן מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י דִּבְרֵ֥י קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
As for the prophets, my heart inside me is broken; All my bones tremble. I am like a drunkard And like a man whom wine has overcome, Because of the Lord And because of his holy words. |
his holy words ← the words of his holiness. |
| Jer 23:10 | כִּ֤י מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֤י אָלָה֙ אָבְלָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ יָבְשׁ֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וַתְּהִ֤י מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ רָעָ֔ה וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם לֹא־כֵֽן׃ |
For the land is full of adulterers, For on account of a curse, The land is mourning. The places of pasturage in the desert have dried up. And their oppression is evil, And their boldness is out of place. |
their oppression: i.e. the oppression of the false prophets [CB].
out of place ← not right. |
| Jer 23:11 | כִּֽי־גַם־נָבִ֥יא גַם־כֹּהֵ֖ן חָנֵ֑פוּ גַּם־בְּבֵיתִ֛י מָצָ֥אתִי רָעָתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
“For both prophet and priest have become profaned. Even in my house I have found their evil, Says the Lord, |
|
| Jer 23:12 | לָכֵן֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה דַרְכָּ֜ם לָהֶ֗ם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת֙ בָּֽאֲפֵלָ֔ה יִדַּ֖חוּ וְנָ֣פְלוּ בָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם רָעָ֛ה שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Which is why their way will be like slippery places for them in pitch dark. They will be pushed down And will fall in it. For I will bring trouble on them – The year of their visitation – Says the Lord. |
pitch dark ← thick darkness [AnLx]. |
| Jer 23:13 | וּבִנְבִיאֵ֥י שֹׁמְר֖וֹן רָאִ֣יתִי תִפְלָ֑ה הִנַּבְּא֣וּ בַבַּ֔עַל וַיַּתְע֥וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֖י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
And among the prophets of Samaria, I have seen superstition. They have prophesied by Baal; They have misled my people Israel. |
|
| Jer 23:14 | וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם רָאִ֣יתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה נָא֞וֹף וְהָלֹ֤ךְ בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ וְחִזְּקוּ֙ יְדֵ֣י מְרֵעִ֔ים לְבִ֨לְתִּי־שָׁ֔בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ הָֽיוּ־לִ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כִּסְדֹ֔ם וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲמֹרָֽה׃ ס |
And among the prophets of Jerusalem, I have seen a horrible thing. They commit adultery and walk in falsehood, And they strengthen the hands of those who do wrong, So that no-one turns away from his evil. They are all like Sodom, And its inhabitants are like Gomorrah to me. |
they commit adultery ... walk: both infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs.
no-one ← not a man. |
| Jer 23:15 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הִנְנִ֨י מַאֲכִ֤יל אוֹתָם֙ לַֽעֲנָ֔ה וְהִשְׁקִתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹ֑אשׁ כִּ֗י מֵאֵת֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם יָצְאָ֥ה חֲנֻפָּ֖ה לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ |
That is why this is what the Lord of hosts says against the prophets: ‘I am about to feed them with wormwood And to give them hemlock water to drink, For profanity from the prophets of Jerusalem Has pervaded the whole of the land.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. pervaded ← gone out into. |
| Jer 23:16 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֞וּ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַנְּבִאִים֙ הַנִּבְּאִ֣ים לָכֶ֔ם מַהְבִּלִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה אֶתְכֶ֑ם חֲז֤וֹן לִבָּם֙ יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ לֹ֖א מִפִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts says: “Do not listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They are causing you to act vainly; They speak the vision of their own heart, Not from the mouth of the Lord. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 23:17 | אֹמְרִ֤ים אָמוֹר֙ לִֽמְנַאֲצַ֔י דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׁל֖וֹם יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְ֠כֹל הֹלֵ֞ךְ בִּשְׁרִר֤וּת לִבּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ |
They gravely say to those who despise me, ‘The Lord has said, «You will have peace.» ’ And to everyone who walks in the obstinacy of his heart, they say, ‘No harm will come over you.’ ” |
gravely say: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 23:18 | כִּ֣י מִ֤י עָמַד֙ בְּס֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה וְיֵ֖רֶא וְיִשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־דְּבָר֑וֹ מִֽי־הִקְשִׁ֥יב *דברי **דְּבָר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁמָֽע׃ ס |
For who has stood in consultation with the Lord And seen and heard his word? Who has listened to {Q: his word} [K: my word] And heard it? |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. The ketiv reading would require placing the sentence in quotes, as then it is the Lord speaking.
consultation with: see Jer 23:22. |
| Jer 23:19 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה וְסַ֖עַר מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל׃ |
Behold the Lord's storm. Fury has gone out, And a storm is breaking out; It will rage on the head of the wicked. |
|
| Jer 23:20 | לֹ֤א יָשׁוּב֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־עֲשֹׂת֥וֹ וְעַד־הֲקִימ֖וֹ מְזִמּ֣וֹת לִבּ֑וֹ בְּאַֽחֲרִית֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים תִּתְבּ֥וֹנְנוּ בָ֖הּ בִּינָֽה׃ |
The Lord's anger will not relent Until he has carried out and until he has set up The purposes of his heart. In the last days You will consider it assiduously. |
assiduously: AV differs somewhat (perfectly). |
| Jer 23:21 | לֹא־שָׁלַ֥חְתִּי אֶת־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים וְהֵ֣ם רָ֑צוּ לֹא־דִבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְהֵ֥ם נִבָּֽאוּ׃ |
“I did not send these prophets, But they ran. I did not speak to them, But they prophesied. |
but (2x): adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 23:22 | וְאִֽם־עָמְד֖וּ בְּסוֹדִ֑י וְיַשְׁמִ֤עוּ דְבָרַי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וִֽישִׁבוּם֙ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָ֔ע וּמֵרֹ֖עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס |
But if they had stood in consultation with me, Then they would have proclaimed my words to my people And turned them away from their evil way And from the wickedness of their deeds. |
consultation with ← consultation of. Wider use of the construct state.
they would have proclaimed: AV differs, placing this in the protasis of the condition. |
| Jer 23:23 | הַאֱלֹהֵ֧י מִקָּרֹ֛ב אָ֖נִי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֖י מֵרָחֹֽק׃ |
Am I a God who is nearby, Says the Lord, And not a God who is far away? |
|
| Jer 23:24 | אִם־יִסָּתֵ֨ר אִ֧ישׁ בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֛ים וַאֲנִ֥י לֹֽא־אֶרְאֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֨וֹא אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֧יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲנִ֥י מָלֵ֖א נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
If a man hides in secret places, Will I not see him? Says the Lord. Do I not fill the heavens And the earth? Says the Lord.” |
|
| Jer 23:25 | שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמְרוּ֙ הַנְּבִאִ֔ים הַֽנִּבְּאִ֥ים בִּשְׁמִ֛י שֶׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חָלַ֖מְתִּי חָלָֽמְתִּי׃ | “I have heard what the prophets have said, who prophesied falsely in my name and said, ‘I have had a dream, I have had a dream.’ | |
| Jer 23:26 | עַד־מָתַ֗י הֲיֵ֛שׁ בְּלֵ֥ב הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נִבְּאֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּנְבִיאֵ֖י תַּרְמִ֥ת לִבָּֽם׃ | How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy falsely, and of the prophets of the deceit of their heart? | |
| Jer 23:27 | הַחֹשְׁבִ֗ים לְהַשְׁכִּ֤יחַ אֶת־עַמִּי֙ שְׁמִ֔י בַּחֲל֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְסַפְּר֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁכְח֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י בַּבָּֽעַל׃ | – who think to cause my people to forget my name, by their dreams which each relates to his neighbour, just as their fathers forgot my name in favour of Baal. | |
| Jer 23:28 | הַנָּבִ֞יא אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ חֲלוֹם֙ יְסַפֵּ֣ר חֲל֔וֹם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר דְּבָרִי֙ אִתּ֔וֹ יְדַבֵּ֥ר דְּבָרִ֖י אֱמֶ֑ת מַה־לַתֶּ֥בֶן אֶת־הַבָּ֖ר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Let the prophet who has a dream Relate the dream, And let him who has my word Relate my word faithfully. What has straw Got to do with the grain? Says the Lord. |
faithfully ← truth. Adverbial use of a noun. |
| Jer 23:29 | הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֧ה דְבָרִ֛י כָּאֵ֖שׁ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּכְפַטִּ֖ישׁ יְפֹ֥צֵֽץ סָֽלַע׃ ס |
Is my word not therefore like fire? Says the Lord, And like a hammer Which can shatter rock? |
therefore ← thus. |
| Jer 23:30 | לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מְגַנְּבֵ֣י דְבָרַ֔י אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | That is why I am quite against the prophets, says the Lord, who steal my words, each one from his neighbour. |
I am quite ← behold me.
steal: the sense seems to be oppose the true words and substitute false ones. Perhaps translate pervert or fabricate. |
| Jer 23:31 | הִנְנִ֥י עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הַלֹּקְחִ֣ים לְשׁוֹנָ֔ם וַֽיִּנְאֲמ֖וּ נְאֻֽם׃ | I am quite against the prophets, says the Lord, who wrest their tongue and declare, ‘He says.’ |
I am quite ← behold me.
wrest ← take, seize. |
| Jer 23:32 | הִ֠נְנִי עַֽל־נִבְּאֵ֞י חֲלֹמ֥וֹת שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיְסַפְּרוּם֙ וַיַּתְע֣וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י בְּשִׁקְרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְפַחֲזוּתָ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֨י לֹֽא־שְׁלַחְתִּ֜ים וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֗ים וְהוֹעֵ֛יל לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֥ילוּ לָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | I am quite against those who prophesy false dreams, says the Lord, and who relate them and mislead my people with their lies and their pretension, when I did not send them and did not command them, and they have not benefited this people at all, says the Lord. |
I am quite ← behold me.
pretension: or rashness. benefited ... at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 23:33 | וְכִי־יִשְׁאָלְךָ֩ הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה אֽוֹ־הַנָּבִ֤יא אֽוֹ־כֹהֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־מַשָּׂ֖א יְהוָ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־מַה־מַשָּׂ֔א וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | And if this people, or the prophet, or a priest, should ask you, ‘What is the oracle of the Lord’, then you will say to them, ‘What oracle? That I will forsake you’, says the Lord.” |
ask you ← ask you saying.
you will say ... forsake you: the first you is singular (i.e. Jeremiah); the second is plural (i.e. the false prophets or those who consult them). AV differs from the scoping of our quotation marks. that: wider use of the vav. |
| Jer 23:34 | וְהַנָּבִ֤יא וְהַכֹּהֵן֙ וְהָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֖ר מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֛י עַל־הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא וְעַל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | “And as for the prophet and the priest and the people who say, ‘The oracle of the Lord’, I will visit that man and his household. | visit: i.e. punish. |
| Jer 23:35 | כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו מֶה־עָנָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה וּמַה־דִּבֶּ֖ר יְהוָֽה׃ | This is what you will be saying one to another, and a man to his brother: ‘What has the Lord answered?’ and, ‘What has the Lord said?’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 23:36 | וּמַשָּׂ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א תִזְכְּרוּ־ע֑וֹד כִּ֣י הַמַּשָּׂ֗א יִֽהְיֶה֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ דְּבָר֔וֹ וַהֲפַכְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַיִּ֔ים יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And you will no longer call the oracle of the Lord to mind, for the oracle will be each man's own word, for you have overturned the words of the living God – the Lord of hosts our God. | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Jer 23:37 | כֹּ֥ה תֹאמַ֖ר אֶל־הַנָּבִ֑יא מֶה־עָנָ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה וּמַה־דִּבֶּ֖ר יְהוָֽה׃ | This is what you will say to the prophet: ‘What has the Lord answered you?’, and, ‘What has the Lord said?’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 23:38 | וְאִם־מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָה֮ תֹּאמֵרוּ֒ לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה יַ֧עַן אֲמָרְכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה מַשָּׂ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאמְר֖וּ מַשָּׂ֥א יְהוָֽה׃ | And if you folk say, ‘The oracle of the Lord’, then this is what the Lord will say: ‘Because of you saying these words: «The oracle of the Lord», when I had word sent to you and had said, «You shall not say, ‹The oracle of the Lord› », |
you folk: expressing the plural, referring to those addressed in Jer 23:33, applying up to the end of the chapter.
this is what ← thus. these words ← this word / thing. |
| Jer 23:39 | לָכֵ֣ן הִנְנִ֔י וְנָשִׁ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נָשֹׁ֑א וְנָטַשְׁתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם וְאֶת־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תִּי לָכֶ֛ם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי׃ | because of that, look, I will utterly forget you, and I will forsake you and the city which I gave you and your fathers, leaving you out of my presence. |
because of that, look ← therefore behold me.
utterly forget: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 23:40 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם חֶרְפַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּכְלִמּ֣וּת עוֹלָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃ ס | And I will set over you an age-abiding reproach, and age-abiding ignominy, which will not be forgotten.’ ” | |
| Jer 24:1 | הִרְאַנִי֮ יְהוָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֗ה שְׁנֵי֙ דּוּדָאֵ֣י תְאֵנִ֔ים מוּעָדִ֕ים לִפְנֵ֖י הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה אַחֲרֵ֣י הַגְל֣וֹת נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֡ל אֶת־יְכָנְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְאֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֜ה וְאֶת־הֶחָרָ֤שׁ וְאֶת־הַמַּסְגֵּר֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיְבִאֵ֖ם בָּבֶֽל׃ | The Lord showed me a vision, and there were two baskets of figs placed before the temple of the Lord after Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had deported Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, and the officers of Judah, and the craftsmen, and the blacksmiths, from Jerusalem, and he had brought them to Babylon. |
there were ← behold.
placed ← fixed. craftsmen ... blacksmiths ← craftsman ... blacksmith. |
| Jer 24:2 | הַדּ֣וּד אֶחָ֗ד תְּאֵנִים֙ טֹב֣וֹת מְאֹ֔ד כִּתְאֵנֵ֖י הַבַּכֻּר֑וֹת וְהַדּ֣וּד אֶחָ֗ד תְּאֵנִים֙ רָע֣וֹת מְאֹ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵֽאָכַ֖לְנָה מֵרֹֽעַ׃ ס | One basket was of very good figs, like early figs, but the other basket was of very bad figs, which could not be eaten because of their putridity. | putridity ← badness. |
| Jer 24:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י מָֽה־אַתָּ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ וָאֹמַ֖ר תְּאֵנִ֑ים הַתְּאֵנִ֤ים הַטֹּבוֹת֙ טֹב֣וֹת מְאֹ֔ד וְהָֽרָעוֹת֙ רָע֣וֹת מְאֹ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵאָכַ֖לְנָה מֵרֹֽעַ׃ פ | And the Lord said to me, “What do you see, Jeremiah?” And I said, “Figs. The good figs are very good, and the bad ones are very bad, and they cannot be eaten because of their putridity.” | putridity ← badness. |
| Jer 24:4 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 24:5 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּתְּאֵנִ֥ים הַטֹּב֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה כֵּֽן־אַכִּ֞יר אֶת־גָּל֣וּת יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׁלַּ֜חְתִּי מִן־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה אֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים לְטוֹבָֽה׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘As these good figs are, so I will take ownership of the deportation of Judah, whom I will have sent out from this place to the land of the Chaldeans, for their own good. |
this is what ← thus.
take ownership ← recognize, acknowledge, have respect to. |
| Jer 24:6 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י עֵינִ֤י עֲלֵיהֶם֙ לְטוֹבָ֔ה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֖ים עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את וּבְנִיתִים֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶהֱרֹ֔ס וּנְטַעְתִּ֖ים וְלֹ֥א אֶתּֽוֹשׁ׃ | And I will direct my eye to them for their own good, and I will bring them back to this land, and I will build them up, and not break them down, and I will plant them and not pluck them up. | |
| Jer 24:7 | וְנָתַתִּי֩ לָהֶ֨ם לֵ֜ב לָדַ֣עַת אֹתִ֗י כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֔ם וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים כִּֽי־יָשֻׁ֥בוּ אֵלַ֖י בְּכָל־לִבָּֽם׃ ס | And I will give them a heart to know me, for I am the Lord, and they will be a people to me, and I will be God to them, when they return to me with all their heart. | |
| Jer 24:8 | וְכַתְּאֵנִים֙ הָֽרָע֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵאָכַ֖לְנָה מֵרֹ֑עַ כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה כֵּ֣ן אֶ֠תֵּן אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֤ה וְאֶת־שָׂרָיו֙ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הַנִּשְׁאָרִים֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וְהַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And as the bad figs are, which could not be eaten because of their putridity, contrariwise this is what the Lord says: «So I will hand over Zedekiah king of Judah and his officers and the remainder of Jerusalem, and those who remain in this land, and those who are living in the land of Egypt, |
putridity ← badness.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 24:9 | וּנְתַתִּים֙ *לזועה **לְזַעֲוָ֣ה לְרָעָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ לְחֶרְפָּ֤ה וּלְמָשָׁל֙ לִשְׁנִינָ֣ה וְלִקְלָלָ֔ה בְּכָל־הַמְּקֹמ֖וֹת אֲשֶֽׁר־אַדִּיחֵ֥ם שָֽׁם׃ | and I will make them a target of terror to their detriment, in all the kingdoms of the earth, as a reproach and a byword, and an object of taunting and of cursing, in all the places to which I will drive them. |
terror: the ketiv / qeré issue is as in Jer 15:4. AV differs, taking the ketiv (to be removed).
drive ← expel. |
| Jer 24:10 | וְשִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי בָ֔ם אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב אֶת־הָרָעָ֣ב וְאֶת־הַדָּ֑בֶר עַד־תֻּמָּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָהֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And I will send against them the sword, famine, and a plague, until they are consumed off the land which I gave to them and to their fathers.» ’ ” | a plague ← the plague. |
| Jer 25:1 | הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֤ה עַֽל־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ עַל־כָּל־עַ֣ם יְהוּדָ֔ה בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָֽרְבִעִ֔ית לִיהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הִ֗יא הַשָּׁנָה֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ית לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah concerning the whole people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah – that is the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon – | came ← became. |
| Jer 25:2 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֜ר יִרְמְיָ֤הוּ הַנָּבִיא֙ עַל־כָּל־עַ֣ם יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶ֛ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | which Jeremiah the prophet spoke to all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, when he said, | |
| Jer 25:3 | מִן־שְׁלֹ֣שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֡ה לְיֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־אָמוֹן֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֜ה וְעַ֣ד ׀ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה זֶ֚ה שָׁלֹ֤שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וָאֲדַבֵּ֧ר אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם אַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְדַבֵּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃ | “From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon, the king of Judah, up to this day, this twenty-third year, the word of the Lord has been coming to me, and I have spoken to you, rising early to speak, but you have not listened. |
coming ← becoming.
rising early: infinitive absolute used adverbially. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 25:4 | וְשָׁלַח֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֜ם אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֧יו הַנְּבִאִ֛ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־הִטִּיתֶ֥ם אֶֽת־אָזְנְכֶ֖ם לִשְׁמֹֽעַ׃ | And the Lord sent all his servants the prophets to you, rising early and sending them, but you did not listen, and you did not incline your ears to hear, |
rising early: infinitive absolute used adverbially.
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 25:5 | לֵאמֹ֗ר שֽׁוּבוּ־נָ֞א אִ֣ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֤וֹ הָֽרָעָה֙ וּמֵרֹ֣עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּשְׁבוּ֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמִן־עוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | while they said, ‘Do turn back, each one from his evil way, and from the evil of your deeds, and live on the land which the Lord gave to you and to your fathers, from age to age. | live ← dwell. |
| Jer 25:6 | וְאַל־תֵּלְכ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְעָבְדָ֖ם וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תַכְעִ֤יסוּ אוֹתִי֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א אָרַ֖ע לָכֶֽם׃ | And do not walk after other gods, to serve them and to worship them, and do not provoke me to anger with the work of your hands, so that I do not bring trouble on you. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 25:7 | וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לְמַ֧עַן *הכעסוני **הַכְעִיסֵ֛נִי בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיכֶ֖ם לְרַ֥ע לָכֶֽם׃ ס | You did not listen to me, says the Lord, {Q: so provoking me} [K: so that they provoked me] to anger with the work of your hands, to your detriment.’ ” | |
| Jer 25:8 | לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־דְּבָרָֽי׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord of hosts says: “Since you did not heed my words, | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 25:9 | הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ | I am about to send orders and take all the families of the north, says the Lord, and to send orders to Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, my servant, and I will bring them against this land and against its inhabitants, and against all these peoples round about. And I will destroy them and make them a desolation and an object of jeering and age-abiding wastelands. |
I am about to ← behold me.
object of jeering ← whistling, hissing. |
| Jer 25:10 | וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֣י מֵהֶ֗ם ק֤וֹל שָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְק֣וֹל שִׂמְחָ֔ה ק֥וֹל חָתָ֖ן וְק֣וֹל כַּלָּ֑ה ק֥וֹל רֵחַ֖יִם וְא֥וֹר נֵֽר׃ | And I will remove from them the sound of joy and the sound of happiness, and the sound of a bridegroom and the sound of a bride, and the sound of millstones and the light of a lamp. |
Rev 18:22.
remove ← cause to perish. lamp: or candle. |
| Jer 25:11 | וְהָֽיְתָה֙ כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את לְחָרְבָּ֖ה לְשַׁמָּ֑ה וְעָ֨בְד֜וּ הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֛לֶּה אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the whole of this land will be a ruin and a devastation, and those nations will serve the king of Babylon for seventy years. | See Dan 9:2. |
| Jer 25:12 | וְהָיָ֣ה כִמְלֹ֣אות שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֡ה אֶפְקֹ֣ד עַל־מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֩ וְעַל־הַגּ֨וֹי הַה֧וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֖ם וְעַל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י אֹת֖וֹ לְשִֽׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ | And it will come to pass, when seventy years have been fulfilled, that I will visit the king of Babylon and that nation, says the Lord, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and I will make it age-abiding desolations. | |
| Jer 25:13 | *והבאיתי **וְהֵֽבֵאתִי֙ עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֔יא אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרַ֖י אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֣רְתִּי עָלֶ֑יהָ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַכָּתוּב֙ בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נִבָּ֥א יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And I will bring on that land all my words which I spoke against it – everything written in this book which Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations. | I will bring: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Jer 25:14 | כִּ֣י עָֽבְדוּ־בָ֤ם גַּם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים וּמְלָכִ֖ים גְּדוֹלִ֑ים וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם כְּפָעֳלָ֖ם וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | For also many nations and great kings will themselves impose servitude on them, and I will requite them according to their deeds and according to the work of their hands.” | deeds ← deed / work. |
| Jer 25:15 | כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵלַ֔י קַ֠ח אֶת־כּ֨וֹס הַיַּ֧יִן הַחֵמָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את מִיָּדִ֑י וְהִשְׁקִיתָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י שֹׁלֵ֥חַ אוֹתְךָ֖ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | For this is what the Lord God of Israel says to me: “Take this wine cup of fury from my hand and give it to drink to all the nations to which I send you. |
Rev 16:19.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 25:16 | וְשָׁת֕וּ וְהִֽתְגֹּֽעֲשׁ֖וּ וְהִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַחֶ֔רֶב אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵ֖חַ בֵּינֹתָֽם׃ | And they will drink it and reel from it, and they will be driven mad because of the sword which I am about to send among them.” | |
| Jer 25:17 | וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֶת־הַכּ֖וֹס מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֑ה וָֽאַשְׁקֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then I took the cup from the hand of the Lord, and I made all the nations to which the Lord had sent me drink it – | |
| Jer 25:18 | אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶת־מְלָכֶ֖יהָ אֶת־שָׂרֶ֑יהָ לָתֵ֨ת אֹתָ֜ם לְחָרְבָּ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה לִשְׁרֵקָ֥ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, and its kings and its officials, in making them a ruin, a desolation, an object of jeering and a curse, as it is on this day, |
in making: gerundial use of the infinitive.
object of jeering ← hissing, whistling. |
| Jer 25:19 | אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־שָׂרָ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ | and Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants and his officials, and all his people, | |
| Jer 25:20 | וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָעֶ֔רֶב וְאֵ֕ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הָע֑וּץ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־מַלְכֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְאֶת־אַשְׁקְל֤וֹן וְאֶת־עַזָּה֙ וְאֶת־עֶקְר֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית אַשְׁדּֽוֹד׃ | and the whole mixed population, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Gaza and Ekron, and the remainder of Ashdod, | Gaza ← Azzah. AV= Azzah here, but Gaza elsewhere, except Deut 2:23, 1 Ki 5:4 (1 Ki 4:24AV). |
| Jer 25:21 | אֶת־אֱד֥וֹם וְאֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Edom and Moab and the sons of Ammon, | |
| Jer 25:22 | וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵי־צֹ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֵת֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֥בֶר הַיָּֽם׃ | and all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastland which is facing the sea, |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15.
coastland: or island. |
| Jer 25:23 | וְאֶת־דְּדָ֤ן וְאֶת־תֵּימָא֙ וְאֶת־בּ֔וּז וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֥י פֵאָֽה׃ | and Dedan and Tema and Buz, and all who have had their sidelocks cut, | who have had their sidelocks cut: see Jer 9:25 (Jer 9:26AV). AV differs (in the utmost corners). |
| Jer 25:24 | וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י עֲרָ֑ב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָעֶ֔רֶב הַשֹּׁכְנִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mixed population who live in the desert, | live ← dwell. |
| Jer 25:25 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י זִמְרִ֗י וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י עֵילָ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י מָדָֽי׃ | and all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media, | |
| Jer 25:26 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הַצָּפ֗וֹן הַקְּרֹבִ֤ים וְהָֽרְחֹקִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַמַּמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וּמֶ֥לֶךְ שֵׁשַׁ֖ךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֥ה אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | and all the kings of the north, those near and those far away, one beside another, and all the kingdoms of the earth which are on the face of the land. And the king of Babylon will drink it after them. |
one beside another ← each / a man beside his brother.
land ← ground. Babylon ← Sheshach, which is Babel (= Babylon) in atbash, i.e. reversing the Hebrew alphabet (aleph becomes tav etc.). AV differs (Sheshach). |
| Jer 25:27 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֡ם ס כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁת֤וּ וְשִׁכְרוּ֙ וּקְי֔וּ וְנִפְל֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תָק֑וּמוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַחֶ֔רֶב אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י שֹׁלֵ֖חַ בֵּינֵיכֶֽם׃ | “And you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: «Drink and become intoxicated and vomit, and fall and do not get up, because of the sword which I am about to send among you.» ’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 25:28 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֧י יְמָאֲנ֛וּ לָקַֽחַת־הַכּ֥וֹס מִיָּדְךָ֖ לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שָׁת֥וֹ תִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | And it will come to pass, if they refuse to take the cup from your hand, to drink it, that you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «You will certainly drink it. |
this is what ← thus.
you will certainly drink: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 25:29 | כִּי֩ הִנֵּ֨ה בָעִ֜יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר נִֽקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עָלֶ֗יהָ אָֽנֹכִי֙ מֵחֵ֣ל לְהָרַ֔ע וְאַתֶּ֖ם הִנָּקֵ֣ה תִנָּק֑וּ לֹ֣א תִנָּק֔וּ כִּ֣י חֶ֗רֶב אֲנִ֤י קֹרֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | For in this city in which my name is called, I am about to start bringing harm. And will you by any means be held guiltless? You will not be held guiltless, for I am calling for a sword against all the inhabitants of the land, says the Lord of hosts.» ’ |
I am about to ← behold me.
by any means be held guiltless: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 25:30 | וְאַתָּה֙ תִּנָּבֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם יְהוָ֞ה מִמָּר֤וֹם יִשְׁאָג֙ וּמִמְּע֤וֹן קָדְשׁוֹ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔וֹ שָׁאֹ֤ג יִשְׁאַג֙ עַל־נָוֵ֔הוּ הֵידָד֙ כְּדֹרְכִ֣ים יַֽעֲנֶ֔ה אֶ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And you will prophesy all these words to them, and you will say to them,
‘The Lord will roar from the heights, And from his holy dwelling place he will vociferate. He will roar loudly about his fold; He will utter a shout like those who tread grapes, To all the inhabitants of the land. |
the heights ← a height.
his holy dwelling place ← the dwelling place of his holiness. vociferate ← give his voice. roar loudly: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 25:31 | בָּ֤א שָׁאוֹן֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
A tumult is coming As far as the end of the earth, For the Lord has a dispute with the nations. He will contend with all flesh. As for the wicked, He will consign them to the sword, Says the Lord.’ ” |
tumult: or destruction. |
| Jer 25:32 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנֵּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה יֹצֵ֖את מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל־גּ֑וֹי וְסַ֣עַר גָּד֔וֹל יֵע֖וֹר מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts says: “Behold, trouble is spreading from nation to nation, And a great storm will be stirred up From the uttermost parts of the earth, |
this is what ← thus.
spreading ← going out. |
| Jer 25:33 | וְהָי֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא מִקְצֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֣א יִסָּפְד֗וּ וְלֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ |
And there will be the Lord's fallen on that day, From one end of the earth To the other end of the earth. They will not be lamented, And they will not be gathered in, And they will not be buried. They will become dung on the face of the land. |
fallen ← pierced. |
| Jer 25:34 | הֵילִ֨ילוּ הָרֹעִ֜ים וְזַעֲק֗וּ וְהִֽתְפַּלְּשׁוּ֙ אַדִּירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן כִּֽי־מָלְא֥וּ יְמֵיכֶ֖ם לִטְב֑וֹחַ וּתְפוֹצ֣וֹתִיכֶ֔ם וּנְפַלְתֶּ֖ם כִּכְלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃ |
Howl, you shepherds, and cry out. Roll in the dust, you dignitaries of the flock, For your days of slaughtering have been fulfilled, As have your migratings of the flock, And you will fall like a precious article. |
migratings ← dispersings, scatterings.
precious article ← article of desire. |
| Jer 25:35 | וְאָבַ֥ד מָנ֖וֹס מִן־הָֽרֹעִ֑ים וּפְלֵיטָ֖ה מֵאַדִּירֵ֥י הַצֹּֽאן׃ |
And flight will cease to be available to the shepherds, As will escape to the dignitaries of the flock. |
cease to be available to ← perish from. |
| Jer 25:36 | ק֚וֹל צַעֲקַ֣ת הָֽרֹעִ֔ים וִֽילְלַ֖ת אַדִּירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֑אן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מַרְעִיתָֽם׃ |
There will be the sound of the outcry of the shepherds And the howling of the dignitaries of the flock, For the Lord will lay their feeding ground waste. |
|
| Jer 25:37 | וְנָדַ֖מּוּ נְא֣וֹת הַשָּׁל֑וֹם מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And the peaceful pastures will be cut off On account of the furious anger of the Lord. |
peaceful pastures ← pastures of peace, a Hebraic genitive.
furious anger ← anger of fury, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 25:38 | עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲר֣וֹן הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ פ |
He will abandon them as a young lion does its den, For their land will become a desolation, Because of the fury of the oppressor, And because of his furious anger.” |
oppressor: MT vocalizes feminine, or as the word for dove. The consonantal text can be masculine.
his furious anger ← the fury of his anger, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 26:1 | בְּרֵאשִׁ֗ית מַמְלְכ֛וּת יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הָיָה֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | At the start of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, this word came from the Lord as follows: |
came ← became.
as follows ← to say. |
| Jer 26:2 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עֲמֹד֮ בַּחֲצַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָה֒ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֞ עַל־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה הַבָּאִים֙ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת בֵּית־יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִ֖יךָ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם אַל־תִּגְרַ֖ע דָּבָֽר׃ | “This is what the Lord says: ‘Stand in the courtyard of the house of the Lord and speak against all the cities of Judah which come to worship in the house of the Lord, and speak all the words which I have commanded you to speak to them. Do not withhold a word. |
this is what ← thus.
against: or to. Similarly throughout the chapter. |
| Jer 26:3 | אוּלַ֣י יִשְׁמְע֔וּ וְיָשֻׁ֕בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָרָעָ֑ה וְנִחַמְתִּ֣י אֶל־הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י חֹשֵׁב֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָהֶ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Perhaps they will listen and will turn back, each from his evil way, and I will renounce the evil which I am considering to do to them because of the wickedness of their deeds. | renounce ← repent of. |
| Jer 26:4 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֵלַ֔י לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will say to them, «This is what the Lord says: ‹If you do not heed me, that you are to walk in my law which I have set before you, | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 26:5 | לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֨י עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁלֵ֣חַ אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃ | to heed the words of my servants the prophets whom I send you, rising early and sending them, but you don't listen, | |
| Jer 26:6 | וְנָתַתִּ֛י אֶת־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה כְּשִׁלֹ֑ה וְאֶת־הָעִ֤יר *הזאתה **הַזֹּאת֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לִקְלָלָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | then I will make this house like Shiloh, and I will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth.› » ’ ” | this: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Jer 26:7 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֛וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְהַנְּבִאִ֖ים וְכָל־הָעָ֑ם אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priests and the prophets and all the people heard Jeremiah speaking these words in the house of the Lord. | |
| Jer 26:8 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ לְדַבֵּר֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֑ם וַיִּתְפְּשׂ֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים וְהַנְּבִאִ֛ים וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם לֵאמֹ֖ר מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת׃ | And it came to pass, when Jeremiah had finished speaking everything that the Lord had commanded him to speak to all the people, that the priests and the prophets and all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die. | you will certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 26:9 | מַדּוּעַ֩ נִבֵּ֨יתָ בְשֵׁם־יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר כְּשִׁלוֹ֙ יִֽהְיֶה֙ הַבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּ֔ה וְהָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את תֶּחֱרַ֖ב מֵאֵ֣ין יוֹשֵׁ֑ב וַיִּקָּהֵ֧ל כָּל־הָעָ֛ם אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Why have you prophesied in the name of the Lord, saying, ‘This house will be like Shiloh, and this city will be brought to ruin without leaving an inhabitant?’ ” And all the people were assembled against Jeremiah in the house of the Lord. | Shiloh: MT= Shilo here. |
| Jer 26:10 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ ׀ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֚ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיַּעֲל֥וּ מִבֵּית־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּֽשְׁב֛וּ בְּפֶ֥תַח שַֽׁעַר־יְהוָ֖ה הֶחָדָֽשׁ׃ ס | And when the officials of Judah heard these words, they went up from the king's house to the house of the Lord, and they sat at the entrance of the New Gate of the house of the Lord. | |
| Jer 26:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְהַנְּבִאִים֙ אֶל־הַשָּׂרִ֔ים וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֙וֶת֙ לָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֤י נִבָּא֙ אֶל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And the priests and the prophets spoke to the officials and to all the people and said, “We pronounce a death penalty on this man, because he has prophesied against this city, as you have heard with your ears.” |
death penalty ← judgment of death.
with your ears ← in your ears. |
| Jer 26:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֔ים וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה שְׁלָחַ֗נִי לְהִנָּבֵ֞א אֶל־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ וְאֶל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃ | Then Jeremiah spoke to all the officials and to all the people and said, “The Lord has sent me to prophesy against this house and against this city all these words which you have heard. | |
| Jer 26:13 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֵיטִ֤יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶם֙ וּמַ֣עַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְשִׁמְע֕וּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְיִנָּחֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | So now, mend your ways and correct your deeds and heed the voice of the Lord your God, and the Lord will renounce the harm which he has spoken against you. | renounce ← repent of. |
| Jer 26:14 | וַאֲנִ֖י הִנְנִ֣י בְיֶדְכֶ֑ם עֲשׂוּ־לִ֛י כַּטּ֥וֹב וְכַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | And as for me, here I am in your hands. Do to me what is right and proper in your eyes. |
here I am ← behold me.
hands ← hand. right and proper ← good and straight. |
| Jer 26:15 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אִם־מְמִתִ֣ים אַתֶּם֮ אֹתִי֒ כִּי־דָ֣ם נָקִ֗י אַתֶּם֙ נֹתְנִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֣י בֶאֱמֶ֗ת שְׁלָחַ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לְדַבֵּר֙ בְּאָזְנֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | But be well aware that if you put me to death, then you will be putting innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and on its inhabitants, because the Lord has truly sent me to you to speak all these words in your hearing.” |
be well aware: infinitive absolute.
in your hearing ← in your ears. |
| Jer 26:16 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְאֶל־הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים אֵין־לָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֗י בְּשֵׁ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃ | Then the officials and all the people said to the priests and to the prophets, “This man is not deserving of a death penalty, for he has spoken to us in the name of the Lord our God.” | death penalty ← judgment of death. |
| Jer 26:17 | וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים מִזִּקְנֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֶל־כָּל־קְהַ֥ל הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And men from the elders of the land stood up and spoke to the whole convocation of the people and said, | |
| Jer 26:18 | *מיכיה **מִיכָה֙ הַמּ֣וֹרַשְׁתִּ֔י הָיָ֣ה נִבָּ֔א בִּימֵ֖י חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־כָּל־עַם֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה לֵאמֹ֜ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת צִיּ֞וֹן שָׂדֶ֤ה תֵֽחָרֵשׁ֙ וִירוּשָׁלַ֙יִם֙ עִיִּ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ |
“{Q:Micah} [K:Micaiah] the Morashtite used to prophesy in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and he spoke to all the people of Judah and said, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says:
«Zion will be ploughed like a field, And Jerusalem will become heaps of stones, And the mountain of the house Will become the heights of a forest.» ’ |
Morashtite: AV= Morasthite (-sht- ← -sth-), probably derived from Moresheth, but we retain the Hebraic form.
this is what ← thus. the house: i.e. the house of the Lord. |
| Jer 26:19 | הֶהָמֵ֣ת הֱ֠מִתֻהוּ חִזְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֗ה הֲלֹא֮ יָרֵ֣א אֶת־יְהוָה֒ וַיְחַל֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הָרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֛ים רָעָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה עַל־נַפְשׁוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all of Judah go ahead and put him to death? Did he not fear the Lord and entreat the Lord so that the Lord renounced the harm which he had spoken against them? Now we are committing a great evil against ourselves. |
go ahead and put him to death: infinitive absolute.
entreat ← weaken the face of. we are committing: AV differs (might we procure), apparently referring to what might happen to them. ourselves ← our souls. |
| Jer 26:20 | וְגַם־אִ֗ישׁ הָיָ֤ה מִתְנַבֵּא֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה אֽוּרִיָּ֙הוּ֙ בֶּֽן־שְׁמַעְיָ֔הוּ מִקִּרְיַ֖ת הַיְּעָרִ֑ים וַיִּנָּבֵ֞א עַל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את כְּכֹ֖ל דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָֽהוּ׃ | And there was also a man who prophesied in the name of the Lord: Uriah the son of Shemaiah from Kiriath-Jearim, and he prophesied against this city and against this land similarly to all the words of Jeremiah. |
Uriah: AV= Urijah here.
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Jer 26:21 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־יְ֠הוֹיָקִים וְכָל־גִּבּוֹרָ֤יו וְכָל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ אֶת־דְּבָרָ֔יו וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הֲמִית֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אוּרִיָּ֙הוּ֙ וַיִּרָ֔א וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיָּבֹ֥א מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | But when King Jehoiakim and all his warriors and all the officials heard his words, the king looked for a way to put him to death. But when Uriah heard about it, he was afraid, and he fled and went to Egypt. | Uriah: AV= Urijah here. |
| Jer 26:22 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹיָקִ֛ים אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יִם אֵ֣ת אֶלְנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־עַכְבּ֛וֹר וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים אִתּ֖וֹ אֶל־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Then King Jehoiakim sent men to Egypt: Elnathan the son of Achbor, and men with him, to Egypt. | |
| Jer 26:23 | וַיּוֹצִ֨יאוּ אֶת־אוּרִיָּ֜הוּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וַיְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יְהוֹיָקִ֔ים וַיַּכֵּ֖הוּ בֶּחָ֑רֶב וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־נִבְלָת֔וֹ אֶל־קִבְרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And they brought Uriah out of Egypt, and they brought him to Jehoiakim the king, who struck him with the sword and cast his corpse into the graves of the ordinary people.” |
Uriah: AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10.
ordinary people ← sons of the people. |
| Jer 26:24 | אַ֗ךְ יַ֚ד אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֔ן הָיְתָ֖ה אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ לְבִלְתִּ֛י תֵּת־אֹת֥וֹ בְיַד־הָעָ֖ם לַהֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ פ | And the hand of Ahikam the son of Shaphan was with Jeremiah, so that he was not delivered into the hand of the people for them to put him to death. | |
| Jer 27:1 | בְּרֵאשִׁ֗ית מַמְלֶ֛כֶת יְהוֹיָקִ֥ם בֶּן־יֹאושִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הָיָ֞ה הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔ה מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | At the start of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, this word came to Jeremiah from the Lord, as follows |
came ← became.
as follows ← to say. |
| Jer 27:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י עֲשֵׂ֣ה לְךָ֔ מוֹסֵר֖וֹת וּמֹט֑וֹת וּנְתַתָּ֖ם עַל־צַוָּארֶֽךָ׃ | – this is what the Lord said to me – : “Make yourself fetters and yoke beams, and put them on your neck. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 27:3 | וְשִׁלַּחְתָּם֩ אֶל־מֶ֨לֶךְ אֱד֜וֹם וְאֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֶל־מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ צֹ֖ר וְאֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ צִיד֑וֹן בְּיַ֤ד מַלְאָכִים֙ הַבָּאִ֣ים יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the sons of Ammon, and to the king of Tyre, and to the king of Sidon, by the agency of the messengers who come to Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah. |
Tyre: AV= Tyrus here, elsewhere often Tyre.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. agency ← hand. |
| Jer 27:4 | וְצִוִּיתָ֣ אֹתָ֔ם אֶל־אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֹּ֥ה תֹֽאמְר֖וּ אֶל־אֲדֹֽנֵיכֶֽם׃ | And command them to say to their masters, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says.’ This is what you shall say to your masters: |
masters (2x): or lords.
this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| Jer 27:5 | אָנֹכִ֞י עָשִׂ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּכֹחִי֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל וּבִזְרוֹעִ֖י הַנְּטוּיָ֑ה וּנְתַתִּ֕יהָ לַאֲשֶׁ֖ר יָשַׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָֽי׃ | ‘I made the earth, man, and the fauna which are on the surface of the earth, by my great power and my outstretched arm, and I have given the land to him who is upright in my sight. | the land ← it, referring to the earth / land. |
| Jer 27:6 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ נָתַ֙תִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאֲרָצ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּיַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל עַבְדִּ֑י וְגַם֙ אֶת־חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה נָתַ֥תִּי ל֖וֹ לְעָבְדֽוֹ׃ | And now I have delivered all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, my servant, and I have also given the wildlife to him, so as to serve him. | wildlife ← life of the field. |
| Jer 27:7 | וְעָבְד֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־בְּנ֖וֹ וְאֶֽת־בֶּן־בְּנ֑וֹ עַ֣ד בֹּא־עֵ֤ת אַרְצוֹ֙ גַּם־ה֔וּא וְעָ֤בְדוּ בוֹ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים וּמְלָכִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ | And all the nations will serve him, and his son, and his grandson, until the time of his own country comes – even his – when many nations will impose servitude on him, including great kings. | including ← and. |
| Jer 27:8 | וְהָיָ֨ה הַגּ֜וֹי וְהַמַּמְלָכָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַעַבְד֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶת־נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֵ֨ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִתֵּן֙ אֶת־צַוָּאר֔וֹ בְּעֹ֖ל מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל בַּחֶרֶב֩ וּבָרָעָ֨ב וּבַדֶּ֜בֶר אֶפְקֹ֨ד עַל־הַגּ֤וֹי הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־תֻּמִּ֥י אֹתָ֖ם בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass for any nation or kingdom which will not serve him – Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon – and for anyone who will not put his neck into the king of Babylon's yoke, that I will visit that nation with the sword and with famine and with a plague, says the Lord, until I have annihilated them by his hand. | annihilated ← finished. |
| Jer 27:9 | וְ֠אַתֶּם אַל־תִּשְׁמְע֨וּ אֶל־נְבִיאֵיכֶ֜ם וְאֶל־קֹֽסְמֵיכֶ֗ם וְאֶל֙ חֲלֹמֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֶל־עֹֽנְנֵיכֶ֖ם וְאֶל־כַּשָּׁפֵיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֞ם אֹמְרִ֤ים אֲלֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תַעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | So don't you listen to your prophets or to your diviners or to your dreams, or to your fortune-tellers from clouds, or your magicians, who speak to you and say, «You will not serve the king of Babylon.» | |
| Jer 27:10 | כִּ֣י שֶׁ֔קֶר הֵ֖ם נִבְּאִ֣ים לָכֶ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן הַרְחִ֤יק אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵעַ֣ל אַדְמַתְכֶ֔ם וְהִדַּחְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם וַאֲבַדְתֶּֽם׃ | For they prophesy a lie to you, so as to remove you from your land, so that I should drive you out, and you should perish. | |
| Jer 27:11 | וְהַגּ֗וֹי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבִ֧יא אֶת־צַוָּאר֛וֹ בְּעֹ֥ל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וַֽעֲבָד֑וֹ וְהִנַּחְתִּ֤יו עַל־אַדְמָתוֹ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽעֲבָדָ֖הּ וְיָ֥שַׁב בָּֽהּ׃ | But as for any nation which brings its neck into the king of Babylon's yoke and serves him, I will let it remain on its land, says the Lord, and they will till it and remain on it.’ ” | they will till ← it will till, referring to the nation. |
| Jer 27:12 | וְאֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹ֑ר הָבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־צַוְּארֵיכֶ֜ם בְּעֹ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל וְעִבְד֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְעַמּ֖וֹ וִֽחְיֽוּ׃ | And I spoke to Zedekiah king of Judah according to all these words and said, “Bring your necks to the king of Babylon's yoke, and serve him and his people, and live. | |
| Jer 27:13 | לָ֤מָּה תָמ֙וּתוּ֙ אַתָּ֣ה וְעַמֶּ֔ךָ בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר֙ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הַגּ֕וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | Why should you and your people die by the sword, by famine and by a plague, as the Lord has pronounced against any people which will not serve the king of Babylon? | |
| Jer 27:14 | וְאַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֗ים הָאֹמְרִ֤ים אֲלֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תַעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל כִּ֣י שֶׁ֔קֶר הֵ֖ם נִבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶֽם׃ | And do not listen to the words of the prophets, who speak to you and say, ‘You will not serve the king of Babylon’, for they are prophesying a lie to you. | |
| Jer 27:15 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א שְׁלַחְתִּים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְהֵ֛ם נִבְּאִ֥ים בִּשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר לְמַ֨עַן הַדִּיחִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֔ם אַתֶּ֕ם וְהַנְּבִאִ֖ים הַֽנִּבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶֽם׃ | ‘For I did not send them, says the Lord, and they are prophesying in my name falsely, so that I will drive you out, and you will perish – you and the prophets who are prophesying to you.’ ” | |
| Jer 27:16 | וְאֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִים֩ וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה דִּבַּ֣רְתִּי לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּה֮ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י נְבִֽיאֵיכֶ֗ם הַֽנִּבְּאִ֤ים לָכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה כְלֵ֧י בֵית־יְהוָ֛ה מוּשָׁבִ֥ים מִבָּבֶ֖לָה עַתָּ֣ה מְהֵרָ֑ה כִּ֣י שֶׁ֔קֶר הֵ֖מָּה נִבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶֽם׃ | And I spoke to the priests and to the whole of this people and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Do not listen to the words of your prophets who are prophesying to you, saying, «Look, the articles of the house of the Lord will soon be quickly brought back from Babylon», for they are prophesying a lie to you. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 27:17 | אַל־תִּשְׁמְע֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם עִבְד֥וּ אֶת־מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וִֽחְי֑וּ לָ֧מָּה תִֽהְיֶ֛ה הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את חָרְבָּֽה׃ | Do not listen to them; serve the king of Babylon and live. Why should this city become a desolation?’ | |
| Jer 27:18 | וְאִם־נְבִאִ֣ים הֵ֔ם וְאִם־יֵ֥שׁ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אִתָּ֑ם יִפְגְּעוּ־נָא֙ בַּֽיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּי־בֹ֜אוּ הַכֵּלִ֣ים ׀ הַנּוֹתָרִ֣ים בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֗ה וּבֵ֨ית מֶ֧לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֛ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ פ | And if they are prophets, and if the word of the Lord is with them, let them then entreat the Lord of hosts that the remaining articles in the house of the Lord and in the house of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem, should not go to Babylon. | |
| Jer 27:19 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֶל־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים וְעַל־הַיָּ֖ם וְעַל־הַמְּכֹנ֑וֹת וְעַל֙ יֶ֣תֶר הַכֵּלִ֔ים הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים בָּעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts says concerning the columns and concerning the artificial sea and concerning the plinths and concerning the rest of the equipment which remains in this city, | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 27:20 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־לְקָחָ֗ם נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל בַּ֠גְלוֹתוֹ אֶת־יְכָונְיָ֨ה בֶן־יְהוֹיָקִ֧ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֛ה מִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶ֑לָה וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־חֹרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon did not take when he deported Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, from Jerusalem to Babylon, and all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem | |
| Jer 27:21 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַל־הַכֵּלִ֗ים הַנּֽוֹתָרִים֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וּבֵ֥ית מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | – indeed this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says concerning the equipment which remains in the house of the Lord and in the house of the king of Judah and in Jerusalem – : | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 27:22 | בָּבֶ֥לָה יוּבָ֖אוּ וְשָׁ֣מָּה יִֽהְי֑וּ עַ֠ד י֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֤י אֹתָם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְהַֽעֲלִיתִים֙ וַהֲשִׁ֣יבֹתִ֔ים אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | ‘They will be brought to Babylon, and there they will be until the day when I visit them, says the Lord, and I bring them up and bring them back to this place.’ ” | |
| Jer 28:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִ֗יא בְּרֵאשִׁית֙ מַמְלֶ֙כֶת֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה *בשנת **בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָֽרְבִעִ֔ית בַּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֑י אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֡י חֲנַנְיָה֩ בֶן־עַזּ֨וּר הַנָּבִ֜יא אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִגִּבְעוֹן֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֧י הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass in that year, at the start of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azzur, the prophet, who is from Gibeon, spoke to me in the house of the Lord in the sight of the priests and all the people and said, |
year: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré. A similar issue in Jer 32:1.
Azzur: AV= Azur. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Jer 28:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁבַ֞רְתִּי אֶת־עֹ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, has spoken. He said, ‘I have broken the king of Babylon's yoke. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 28:3 | בְּע֣וֹד ׀ שְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֗ים אֲנִ֤י מֵשִׁיב֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לָקַ֜ח נְבוּכַדנֶאצַּ֤ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם בָּבֶֽל׃ | In another two years' time I will bring back to this place all the equipment of the house of the Lord which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took from this place and took to Babylon. |
time ← days.
took (second occurrence in verse) ← brought. |
| Jer 28:4 | וְאֶת־יְכָנְיָ֣ה בֶן־יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְ֠הוּדָה וְאֶת־כָּל־גָּל֨וּת יְהוּדָ֜ה הַבָּאִ֣ים בָּבֶ֗לָה אֲנִ֥י מֵשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֣י אֶשְׁבֹּ֔ר אֶת־עֹ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | And I will bring Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, and all the deportees of Judah who went to Babylon, back to this place, says the Lord, for I will break the king of Babylon's yoke.’ ” | |
| Jer 28:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יִרְמְיָ֣ה הַנָּבִ֔יא אֶל־חֲנַנְיָ֖ה הַנָּבִ֑יא לְעֵינֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וּלְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם הָעֹמְדִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Jeremiah the prophet spoke to Hananiah the prophet in the sight of the priests and in the sight of all the people who were standing in the house of the Lord, | |
| Jer 28:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יִרְמְיָ֣ה הַנָּבִ֔יא אָמֵ֕ן כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה יָקֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִבֵּ֗אתָ לְהָשִׁ֞יב כְּלֵ֤י בֵית־יְהוָה֙ וְכָל־הַגּוֹלָ֔ה מִבָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | and Jeremiah the prophet said, “Indeed the Lord will do this – the Lord will fulfil your words which you prophesied – by bringing back the equipment of the house of the Lord and all the deportees from Babylon to this place. |
this ← thus.
by bringing back: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 28:7 | אַךְ־שְׁמַֽע־נָא֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֣ר בְּאָזְנֶ֑יךָ וּבְאָזְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ | But do hear this pronouncement which I speak in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people. |
pronouncement ← word, thing.
hearing (2x) ← ears. |
| Jer 28:8 | הַנְּבִיאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֧וּ לְפָנַ֛י וּלְפָנֶ֖יךָ מִן־הָֽעוֹלָ֑ם וַיִּנָּ֨בְא֜וּ אֶל־אֲרָצ֤וֹת רַבּוֹת֙ וְעַל־מַמְלָכ֣וֹת גְּדֹל֔וֹת לְמִלְחָמָ֖ה וּלְרָעָ֥ה וּלְדָֽבֶר׃ | As for the prophets who were before me and before you from ancient times, they prophesied to many countries and against great kingdoms, of war and of trouble and of plagues. |
from ancient times ← from the age.
plagues ← a plague. |
| Jer 28:9 | הַנָּבִ֕יא אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנָּבֵ֖א לְשָׁל֑וֹם בְּבֹא֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַנָּבִ֗יא יִוָּדַע֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָח֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה בֶּאֱמֶֽת׃ | Regarding any prophet who prophesies peace, when the word of the prophet comes about, then the prophet can be acknowledged, in that the Lord truly sent him.” | |
| Jer 28:10 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח חֲנַנְיָ֤ה הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶת־הַמּוֹטָ֔ה מֵעַ֕ל צַוַּ֖אר יִרְמְיָ֣ה הַנָּבִ֑יא וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵֽהוּ׃ | Then Hananiah the prophet took the yoke beam off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet and broke it. | |
| Jer 28:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חֲנַנְיָה֩ לְעֵינֵ֨י כָל־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּה֮ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ כָּ֣כָה אֶשְׁבֹּ֞ר אֶת־עֹ֣ל ׀ נְבֻֽכַדְנֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל בְּעוֹד֙ שְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֔ים מֵעַ֕ל צַוַּ֖אר כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ יִרְמְיָ֥ה הַנָּבִ֖יא לְדַרְכּֽוֹ׃ פ | And Hananiah spoke in the sight of all the people and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘In this way I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all nations in another two years' time.’ ” And Jeremiah the prophet went his way. |
this is what ← thus.
time ← days. |
| Jer 28:12 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֑ה אַ֠חֲרֵי שְׁב֞וֹר חֲנַנְיָ֤ה הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶת־הַמּוֹטָ֔ה מֵעַ֗ל צַוַּ֛אר יִרְמְיָ֥ה הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah after Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke beam off the neck of Jeremiah the prophet, and it said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 28:13 | הָלוֹךְ֩ וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֶל־חֲנַנְיָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מוֹטֹ֥ת עֵ֖ץ שָׁבָ֑רְתָּ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ תַחְתֵּיהֶ֖ן מֹט֥וֹת בַּרְזֶֽל׃ | “Go and speak to Hananiah and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «You have broken yoke beams of wood, but you will make yoke beams of iron instead of them. |
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 28:14 | כִּ֣י כֹֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֹ֣ל בַּרְזֶ֡ל נָתַ֜תִּי עַל־צַוַּ֣אר ׀ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה לַעֲבֹ֛ד אֶת־נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וַעֲבָדֻ֑הוּ וְגַ֛ם אֶת־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה נָתַ֥תִּי לֽוֹ׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‹I have put a yoke of iron on the neck of all these nations, to serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and they will serve him, and I have also given him the wild animals.› » ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
wild animals ← animal of the field. |
| Jer 28:15 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֧ה הַנָּבִ֛יא אֶל־חֲנַנְיָ֥ה הַנָּבִ֖יא שְׁמַֽע־נָ֣א חֲנַנְיָ֑ה לֹֽא־שְׁלָחֲךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַתָּ֗ה הִבְטַ֛חְתָּ אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה עַל־שָֽׁקֶר׃ | Then Jeremiah the prophet said to Hananiah the prophet, “Listen now, Hananiah. The Lord did not send you, and you have persuaded this people to trust a lie, | send: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Jer 28:16 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מְשַֽׁלֵּֽחֲךָ֔ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה הַשָּׁנָה֙ אַתָּ֣ה מֵ֔ת כִּֽי־סָרָ֥ה דִבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ | which is why this is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to cast you off the face of the earth. This year you will die, for you have spoken deviously concerning the Lord.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. deviously ← deviousness. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Jer 28:17 | וַיָּ֛מָת חֲנַנְיָ֥ה הַנָּבִ֖יא בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִ֑יא בַּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ פ | And Hananiah the prophet died in that year in the seventh month. | |
| Jer 29:1 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלַ֛ח יִרְמְיָ֥ה הַנָּבִ֖יא מִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אֶל־יֶ֜תֶר זִקְנֵ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֗ה וְאֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַנְּבִיאִים֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶגְלָ֧ה נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֛ר מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And these are the words of the letter which Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the rest of the elders of the deportees, and to the priests and to the prophets and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had deported from Jerusalem to Babylon, | |
| Jer 29:2 | אַחֲרֵ֣י צֵ֣את יְכָנְיָֽה־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְהַגְּבִירָ֨ה וְהַסָּרִיסִ֜ים שָׂרֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֧ה וִירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְהֶחָרָ֥שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּ֖ר מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | after the departure of Jeconiah the king, and the queen consort and the eunuchs, and the officials of Judah and Jerusalem, and the craftsmen and the blacksmiths from Jerusalem, | craftsmen ... blacksmiths ← craftsman ... blacksmith. |
| Jer 29:3 | בְּיַד֙ אֶלְעָשָׂ֣ה בֶן־שָׁפָ֔ן וּגְמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח צִדְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֛ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל בָּבֶ֥לָה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | sent by the hand of Elasah the son of Shaphan and Gemariah the son of Hilkiah, whom Zedekiah king of Judah sent to Babylon, to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And it said, | |
| Jer 29:4 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְכָל־הַ֨גּוֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִגְלֵ֥יתִי מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says to all the deportees whom I deported from Jerusalem to Babylon: | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 29:5 | בְּנ֥וּ בָתִּ֖ים וְשֵׁ֑בוּ וְנִטְע֣וּ גַנּ֔וֹת וְאִכְל֖וּ אֶת־פִּרְיָֽן׃ | ‘Build houses and dwell in them, and plant gardens, and eat their fruit. | |
| Jer 29:6 | קְח֣וּ נָשִׁ֗ים וְהוֹלִידוּ֮ בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנוֹת֒ וּקְח֨וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֜ם נָשִׁ֗ים וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ תְּנ֣וּ לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְתֵלַ֖דְנָה בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֑וֹת וּרְבוּ־שָׁ֖ם וְאַל־תִּמְעָֽטוּ׃ | Take wives and beget sons and daughters, and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to men, and let them bear sons and daughters, and increase there, and do not decrease. | |
| Jer 29:7 | וְדִרְשׁ֞וּ אֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם הָעִ֗יר אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִגְלֵ֤יתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ שָׁ֔מָּה וְהִתְפַּֽלְל֥וּ בַעֲדָ֖הּ אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֣י בִשְׁלוֹמָ֔הּ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם שָׁלֽוֹם׃ פ | And strive for the welfare of the city to which I have deported you, and pray for it to the Lord. For in its welfare will be your welfare.’ | welfare (3x) ← peace. Also elsewhere throughout this chapter. |
| Jer 29:8 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַל־יַשִּׁ֧יאוּ לָכֶ֛ם נְבִֽיאֵיכֶ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֖ם וְקֹֽסְמֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַֽל־תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־חֲלֹמֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם מַחְלְמִֽים׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Do not let your prophets who are in your midst or your diviners deceive you, and do not heed your dreams which you have. |
this is what ← thus.
dreams which you have ← dreams which you cause to dream / dream [BDB]. |
| Jer 29:9 | כִּ֣י בְשֶׁ֔קֶר הֵ֛ם נִבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בִּשְׁמִ֑י לֹ֥א שְׁלַחְתִּ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | For they prophesy in my name falsely to you. I did not send them, says the Lord.’ | |
| Jer 29:10 | כִּֽי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֠י לְפִ֞י מְלֹ֧את לְבָבֶ֛ל שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה אֶפְקֹ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַהֲקִמֹתִ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־דְּבָרִ֣י הַטּ֔וֹב לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord says: ‘It is according to Babylon's fulfilment of seventy years that I will visit you and establish my good word with you, to bring you back to this place. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 29:11 | כִּי֩ אָנֹכִ֨י יָדַ֜עְתִּי אֶת־הַמַּחֲשָׁבֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י חֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מַחְשְׁב֤וֹת שָׁלוֹם֙ וְלֹ֣א לְרָעָ֔ה לָתֵ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם אַחֲרִ֥ית וְתִקְוָֽה׃ | For I know the thoughts which I have concerning you, says the Lord, thoughts of welfare and not of trouble, to give you posterity and hope. |
thoughts which I have ← thoughts which I think.
posterity: as in Ps 109:13. AV differs (an ... end). |
| Jer 29:12 | וּקְרָאתֶ֤ם אֹתִי֙ וַֽהֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם וְהִתְפַּלַּלְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָ֑י וְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖י אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will call on me, and you will go and pray to me, and I will hear you, | |
| Jer 29:13 | וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֹתִ֖י וּמְצָאתֶ֑ם כִּ֥י תִדְרְשֻׁ֖נִי בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶֽם׃ | and you will look for me and find me, for you will seek me with all your heart. | |
| Jer 29:14 | וְנִמְצֵ֣אתִי לָכֶם֮ נְאֻם־יְהוָה֒ וְשַׁבְתִּ֣י אֶת־*שביתכם **שְׁבוּתְכֶ֗ם וְקִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֶ֠תְכֶם מִֽכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֞ם וּמִכָּל־הַמְּקוֹמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִדַּ֧חְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הִגְלֵ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִשָּֽׁם׃ | And I will be found by you, says the Lord, and I will reverse your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations and from all the places to which I drove you out, says the Lord, and I will bring you back to the place from which I deported you. | captivity: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. A vav / yod issue. The same issue occurs in Jer 49:39, Ezek 16:53 (2x), Ezek 39:25, Job 42:10, Lam 2:14. |
| Jer 29:15 | כִּ֖י אֲמַרְתֶּ֑ם הֵקִ֨ים לָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה נְבִאִ֖ים בָּבֶֽלָה׃ ס | For you have said, «The Lord has raised up prophets for us in Babylon.» ’ | We retain this verse linked neither to the previous nor the following verse, as it is unclear whether it ↴ |
| Jer 29:16 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ אֶל־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֔ד וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את אֲחֵיכֶ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־יָצְא֥וּ אִתְּכֶ֖ם בַּגּוֹלָֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord says to the king who sits on the throne of David, and to all the people who live in this city, your brothers who did not go out with you in the deportation |
↳ refers to true (e.g. Daniel) or false (Jer 29:21) prophets in Babylon, or both.
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 29:17 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִי֙ מְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ בָּ֔ם אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב אֶת־הָרָעָ֣ב וְאֶת־הַדָּ֑בֶר וְנָתַתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֗ם כַּתְּאֵנִים֙ הַשֹּׁ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵאָכַ֖לְנָה מֵרֹֽעַ׃ | – this is what the Lord of hosts says – : ‘I am about to send on them the sword, famine and a plague, and I will make them like blighted figs which cannot be eaten because of their putridity. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. putridity ← badness. |
| Jer 29:18 | וְרָֽדַפְתִּי֙ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וּנְתַתִּ֨ים *לזועה **לְזַעֲוָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל ׀ מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֗רֶץ לְאָלָ֤ה וּלְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים שָֽׁם׃ | And I will pursue them with the sword and with famine and with a plague, and I will make them a target of terror to all the kingdoms of the earth, a curse and a desolation, and a laughing stock and an object of contempt among all the nations where I drove them out, |
terror: the ketiv / qeré issue is as in Jer 15:4.
laughing stock ← whistling, hissing. |
| Jer 29:19 | תַּ֛חַת אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹא־שָׁמְע֥וּ אֶל־דְּבָרַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֩ שָׁלַ֨חְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־עֲבָדַ֤י הַנְּבִאִים֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְשָׁלֹ֔חַ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | because they did not heed my words, says the Lord, who sent my servants to them – the prophets – rising early and sending them, but you did not heed them, says the Lord. |
who: AV differs (words ... which I sent unto them), taking a different antecedent of the relative pronoun, but ↴
rising early and sending them: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 29:20 | וְאַתֶּ֖ם שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה כָּל־הַ֨גּוֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ ס | So hear the word of the Lord, you people, all you deportees whom I sent from Jerusalem to Babylon. | ↳ against this is the fact that there is no prepositional support for AV's by my servants. |
| Jer 29:21 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־אַחְאָ֤ב בֶּן־קֽוֹלָיָה֙ וְאֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־מַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֔ה הַֽנִּבְּאִ֥ים לָכֶ֛ם בִּשְׁמִ֖י שָׁ֑קֶר הִנְנִ֣י ׀ נֹתֵ֣ן אֹתָ֗ם בְּיַד֙ נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִכָּ֖ם לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says concerning Ahab the son of Kolaiah and concerning Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, who prophesy falsely to you in my name: «I am about to deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he will strike them down in your sight. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. in your sight ← at your eyes. |
| Jer 29:22 | וְלֻקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ קְלָלָ֔ה לְכֹל֙ גָּל֣וּת יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבָבֶ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר יְשִֽׂמְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ כְּצִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ וּכְאֶחָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־קָלָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | And a curse formula will be taken from their example by all the deportees of Judah who are in Babylon, when they say, ‹May the Lord make you like Zedekiah and like Ahab, whom the king of Babylon roasted on a fire› » ’, |
from their example ← from them.
a fire ← the fire. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Jer 29:23 | יַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשׂ֨וּ נְבָלָ֜ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיְנַֽאֲפוּ֙ אֶת־נְשֵׁ֣י רֵֽעֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ דָבָ֤ר בִּשְׁמִי֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר ל֣וֹא צִוִּיתִ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֛י *הוידע **הַיּוֹדֵ֥עַ וָעֵ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | because they committed impiety in Israel, and they committed adultery with the wives of their neighbours, and they spoke a false pronouncement in my name, which I did not command them. And I {Q: know} [K: am he who knows], and I am a witness, says the Lord. | pronouncement ← word, thing. |
| Jer 29:24 | וְאֶל־שְׁמַעְיָ֥הוּ הַנֶּחֱלָמִ֖י תֹּאמַ֥ר לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And you shall speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite and say, | |
| Jer 29:25 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר יַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּה֩ שָׁלַ֨חְתָּ בְשִׁמְכָ֜ה סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֶל־צְפַנְיָ֤ה בֶן־מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶ֥ל כָּל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | ‘This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel has spoken. He has said, «Since you have sent letters in your name to all the people who are in Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying, |
Shemaiah's letters were an attempt to get Jeremiah arrested.
this is what ← thus. since: the correlative accordingly now is in verse 27. |
| Jer 29:26 | יְהוָ֞ה נְתָנְךָ֣ כֹהֵ֗ן תַּ֚חַת יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵ֔ן לִֽהְי֤וֹת פְּקִדִים֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה לְכָל־אִ֥ישׁ מְשֻׁגָּ֖ע וּמִתְנַבֵּ֑א וְנָתַתָּ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ אֶל־הַמַּהְפֶּ֖כֶת וְאֶל־הַצִּינֹֽק׃ | ‹The Lord has appointed you a priest instead of Jehoiada the priest, so that you should be superintendents in the house of the Lord, looking out for everyone behaving like a madman or a man acting like a prophet, so that you put him in prison and in fetters, | prison: or stocks. |
| Jer 29:27 | וְעַתָּ֗ה לָ֚מָּה לֹ֣א גָעַ֔רְתָּ בְּיִרְמְיָ֖הוּ הָֽעֲנְּתֹתִ֑י הַמִּתְנַבֵּ֖א לָכֶֽם׃ | accordingly now, why have you not rebuked Jeremiah the Anathothite, who was acting like a prophet to you? |
accordingly now: this is the correlative of since in verse 25.
Anathothite ← Annethothite, in an unmorphological form. See 2 Sam 23:27. |
| Jer 29:28 | כִּ֣י עַל־כֵּ֞ן שָׁלַ֥ח אֵלֵ֛ינוּ בָּבֶ֥ל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲרֻכָּ֣ה הִ֑יא בְּנ֤וּ בָתִּים֙ וְשֵׁ֔בוּ וְנִטְע֣וּ גַנּ֔וֹת וְאִכְל֖וּ אֶת־פְּרִיהֶֽן׃ | For this is how he sent word to us in Babylon, saying, "It will be long. Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit." › » ’ ” | |
| Jer 29:29 | וַיִּקְרָ֛א צְפַנְיָ֥ה הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה בְּאָזְנֵ֖י יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ פ | And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet. | |
| Jer 29:30 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 29:31 | שְׁלַ֤ח עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹלָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־שְׁמַעְיָ֖ה הַנֶּחֱלָמִ֑י יַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ נִבָּ֨א לָכֶ֜ם שְׁמַעְיָ֗ה וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א שְׁלַחְתִּ֔יו וַיַּבְטַ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם עַל־שָֽׁקֶר׃ | “Send word to all the deportees and say, ‘This is what the Lord says to Shemaiah the Nehelamite: «Since Shemaiah has prophesied to you when I did not send him, and he caused you to trust in a lie, |
this is what ← thus.
when ← and. |
| Jer 29:32 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י פֹקֵ֜ד עַל־שְׁמַעְיָ֣ה הַנֶּחֱלָמִי֮ וְעַל־זַרְעוֹ֒ לֹא־יִהְיֶ֨ה ל֜וֹ אִ֣ישׁ ׀ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב ׀ בְּתוֹךְ־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֥ה בַטּ֛וֹב אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶֽׂה־לְעַמִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־סָרָ֥ה דִבֶּ֖ר עַל־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | this is what the Lord says: ‹I am about to visit Shemaiah the Nehelamite and his seed. He will not have a man left dwelling among this people, and he will not see the good which I will be doing for my people, says the Lord, for he has spoken deviously against the Lord.› » ’ ” |
this is what ← therefore thus. The word therefore is the correlative to since in the previous verse, but it is not expressed in English.
I am about to ← behold me. deviously ← deviousness. |
| Jer 30:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 30:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּתָב־לְךָ֗ אֵ֧ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֶל־סֵֽפֶר׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel has spoken. He says, ‘Write all the words which I have spoken to you in a book. |
this is what ← thus.
write ← write for yourself. The sense is get writing. in a book ← into a book. Pregnant use of the preposition. |
| Jer 30:3 | כִּ֠י הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְ֠שַׁבְתִּי אֶת־שְׁב֨וּת עַמִּ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וִֽיהוּדָ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֗ים אֶל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם וִֽירֵשֽׁוּהָ׃ פ | For behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will reverse the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, says the Lord, and I will bring them back to the land which I gave to their fathers, and they will inherit it.’ ” | |
| Jer 30:4 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְאֶל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And these are the words which the Lord spoke to Israel and to Judah, | |
| Jer 30:5 | כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה ק֥וֹל חֲרָדָ֖ה שָׁמָ֑עְנוּ פַּ֖חַד וְאֵ֥ין שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
for this is what the Lord says:
“We have heard the sound of trembling, Fear, and absence of peace. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 30:6 | שַׁאֲלוּ־נָ֣א וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֹלֵ֖ד זָכָ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ רָאִ֨יתִי כָל־גֶּ֜בֶר יָדָ֤יו עַל־חֲלָצָיו֙ כַּיּ֣וֹלֵדָ֔ה וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ כָל־פָּנִ֖ים לְיֵרָקֽוֹן׃ |
Just ask and see – Does a male give birth? Why do I see every man with his hands on his waist, Like a woman giving birth, And every face turned pallid? |
pallid ← pale yellow or green. |
| Jer 30:7 | ה֗וֹי כִּ֥י גָד֛וֹל הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא מֵאַ֣יִן כָּמֹ֑הוּ וְעֵֽת־צָרָ֥ה הִיא֙ לְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּמִמֶּ֖נָּה יִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ |
Alas, for great is that day, With nothing like it, And it is a time of distress for Jacob, But he will be saved from it. |
that day: a term used for the day of the Lord. No explicit ↴
with ← from, i.e. different from (anything like it). |
| Jer 30:8 | וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻ֣ם ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אֶשְׁבֹּ֤ר עֻלּוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל צַוָּארֶ֔ךָ וּמוֹסְרוֹתֶ֖יךָ אֲנַתֵּ֑ק וְלֹא־יַעַבְדוּ־ב֥וֹ ע֖וֹד זָרִֽים׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day, Says the Lord of hosts, That I will break his yoke off your neck, And I will undo your fetters, And foreigners will no longer impose servitude on him. |
↳ mention of Babylon or Nebuchadnezzar in this chapter, though seemingly a continuation of that theme. |
| Jer 30:9 | וְעָ֣בְד֔וּ אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֵת֙ דָּוִ֣ד מַלְכָּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָקִ֖ים לָהֶֽם׃ ס |
And they will serve the Lord their God, And David their king, Whom I will raise up to them. |
|
| Jer 30:10 | וְאַתָּ֡ה אַל־תִּירָא֩ עַבְדִּ֨י יַעֲקֹ֤ב נְאֻם־יְהֹוָה֙ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֠י הִנְנִ֤י מוֹשִֽׁיעֲךָ֙ מֵֽרָח֔וֹק וְאֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֖ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ שִׁבְיָ֑ם וְשָׁ֧ב יַעֲקֹ֛ב וְשָׁקַ֥ט וְשַׁאֲנַ֖ן וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ |
But don't you fear, Jacob my servant, Says the Lord, And do not be afraid, Israel, For I am about to save you from a distance, And your seed from the land of their captivity, And Jacob will return, And he will be quiet and undisturbed, With no-one causing fear. |
|| Jer 46:27.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 30:11 | כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה לְהֽוֹשִׁיעֶ֑ךָ כִּי֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה כָלָ֜ה בְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֲפִצוֹתִ֣יךָ שָּׁ֗ם אַ֤ךְ אֹֽתְךָ֙ לֹֽא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָלָ֔ה וְיִסַּרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֥א אֲנַקֶּֽךָּ׃ פ |
For I am with you, Says the Lord, To save you, For I will make an end of all the nations To which I have scattered you, But I will not make an end of you, But I will discipline you judicially, And I will certainly not acquit you. |
|| Jer 46:28.
to which ← where. judicially ← to / for judgment. certainly not acquit: infinitive absolute. AV differs somewhat (not leave thee altogether unpunished). |
| Jer 30:12 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֖ה אָנ֣וּשׁ לְשִׁבְרֵ֑ךְ נַחְלָ֖ה מַכָּתֵֽךְ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: ‘Your demise is incurable; Your blow is grievous. |
this is what ← thus.
demise ← to the breakage. grievous ← ill. |
| Jer 30:13 | אֵֽין־דָּ֥ן דִּינֵ֖ךְ לְמָז֑וֹר רְפֻא֥וֹת תְּעָלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין לָֽךְ׃ |
There is no-one pleading your case, For you to be bandaged up. You do not have medicines for recovery. |
for you to be bandaged up ← for bandaging. |
| Jer 30:14 | כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֣יִךְ שְׁכֵח֔וּךְ אוֹתָ֖ךְ לֹ֣א יִדְרֹ֑שׁוּ כִּי֩ מַכַּ֨ת אוֹיֵ֤ב הִכִּיתִיךְ֙ מוּסַ֣ר אַכְזָרִ֔י עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֵ֔ךְ עָצְמ֖וּ חַטֹּאתָֽיִךְ׃ |
All your lovers have forgotten you; They do not seek you. For I have struck you with an enemy's blow – A cruel chastisement – For the great extent of your iniquity, And for how your sins have become immense. |
a cruel chastisement ← chastisement of (a) cruel (one), but re-pointed as מוּסָר, a cruel chastisement. |
| Jer 30:15 | מַה־תִּזְעַק֙ עַל־שִׁבְרֵ֔ךְ אָנ֖וּשׁ מַכְאֹבֵ֑ךְ עַ֣ל ׀ רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֵ֗ךְ עָֽצְמוּ֙ חַטֹּאתַ֔יִךְ עָשִׂ֥יתִי אֵ֖לֶּה לָֽךְ׃ |
Why do you cry out about your demise? Your grievous situation is incurable. It is because of the great extent of your iniquity – Because your sins have become immense – That I have done these things to you. |
demise ← breakage. |
| Jer 30:16 | לָכֵ֞ן כָּל־אֹכְלַ֙יִךְ֙ יֵאָכֵ֔לוּ וְכָל־צָרַ֥יִךְ כֻּלָּ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֣י יֵלֵ֑כוּ וְהָי֤וּ שֹׁאסַ֙יִךְ֙ לִמְשִׁסָּ֔ה וְכָל־בֹּזְזַ֖יִךְ אֶתֵּ֥ן לָבַֽז׃ |
On this account all those who devour you Will themselves be devoured, And as for all your adversaries, They will all go into captivity, And those who plunder you Will become an object of plundering, And I will make all who spoil you An object of spoil. |
|
| Jer 30:17 | כִּי֩ אַעֲלֶ֨ה אֲרֻכָ֥ה לָ֛ךְ וּמִמַּכּוֹתַ֥יִךְ אֶרְפָּאֵ֖ךְ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י נִדָּחָה֙ קָ֣רְאוּ לָ֔ךְ צִיּ֣וֹן הִ֔יא דֹּרֵ֖שׁ אֵ֥ין לָֽהּ׃ ס |
For I will bring restoration to you, And I will heal your wounds, Says the Lord, For they called you Cast Out, And they said, «This is Zion; She has no-one seeking her.» ’ ” |
bring ← bring up.
I will heal your wounds ← I will heal you from your strokes. |
| Jer 30:18 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִי־שָׁב֙ שְׁבוּת֙ אָהֳלֵ֣י יַֽעֲק֔וֹב וּמִשְׁכְּנֹתָ֖יו אֲרַחֵ֑ם וְנִבְנְתָ֥ה עִיר֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔הּ וְאַרְמ֖וֹן עַל־מִשְׁפָּט֥וֹ יֵשֵֽׁב׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “I am about to reverse the captivity of the tents of Jacob, And I will have mercy on his dwelling places, And a city will be built on its heap of ruins, And a citadel will stand Where it has that right. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. stand ← sit. where it has that right ← on its justice. |
| Jer 30:19 | וְיָצָ֥א מֵהֶ֛ם תּוֹדָ֖ה וְק֣וֹל מְשַׂחֲקִ֑ים וְהִרְבִּתִים֙ וְלֹ֣א יִמְעָ֔טוּ וְהִכְבַּדְתִּ֖ים וְלֹ֥א יִצְעָֽרוּ׃ |
And from them, Thanksgiving and the sound of people rejoicing will go out, And I will increase them, And they will not be few, And I will glorify them, And they will not be belittled. |
|
| Jer 30:20 | וְהָי֤וּ בָנָיו֙ כְּקֶ֔דֶם וַעֲדָת֖וֹ לְפָנַ֣י תִּכּ֑וֹן וּפָ֣קַדְתִּ֔י עַ֖ל כָּל־לֹחֲצָֽיו׃ |
And his sons will be as in former time, And his congregation will be established before me, And I will visit all who oppress him. |
his sons: standing for Jacob's descendants. |
| Jer 30:21 | וְהָיָ֨ה אַדִּיר֜וֹ מִמֶּ֗נּוּ וּמֹֽשְׁלוֹ֙ מִקִּרְבּ֣וֹ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִקְרַבְתִּ֖יו וְנִגַּ֣שׁ אֵלָ֑י כִּי֩ מִ֨י הוּא־זֶ֜ה עָרַ֧ב אֶת־לִבּ֛וֹ לָגֶ֥שֶׁת אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And his illustrious one will come from his own self, And his ruler will issue from his inward parts, And I will have him come near, And he will approach me. For who is this Who has pledged his heart to approach me? Says the Lord. |
come ← become.
from his inward parts: AV differs (from the midst of them), not recognizing Jacob (Jer 30:18) as the antecedent. |
| Jer 30:22 | וִהְיִ֥יתֶם לִ֖י לְעָ֑ם וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ ס |
And you will be a people to me, And I will be God to you. |
2 Cor 6:16. |
| Jer 30:23 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה סַ֖עַר מִתְגּוֹרֵ֑ר עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל׃ |
And behold, the Lord's storm – Fury – will go out; A sweeping storm. It will whirl on the head of the wicked. |
|
| Jer 30:24 | לֹ֣א יָשׁ֗וּב חֲרוֹן֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־עֲשֹׂת֥וֹ וְעַד־הֲקִימ֖וֹ מְזִמּ֣וֹת לִבּ֑וֹ בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִ֖ים תִּתְבּ֥וֹנְנוּ בָֽהּ׃ |
The fury of the Lord's anger will not relent Until he has carried out and established The purposes of his heart. In the last days, you will contemplate it. |
relent ← return; cease. |
| Jer 31:1 | בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים לְכֹ֖ל מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהֵ֖מָּה יִֽהְיוּ־לִ֥י לְעָֽם׃ ס | At that time, says the Lord, I will be God to all the families of Israel, and they will be a people to me.” | 2 Cor 6:16. |
| Jer 31:2 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מָצָ֥א חֵן֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר עַ֖ם שְׂרִ֣ידֵי חָ֑רֶב הָל֥וֹךְ לְהַרְגִּיע֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
This is what the Lord says:
“The people who escaped the sword Have found grace in the desert, Through me taking steps to give them rest – Israel, that is.” |
this is what ← thus.
taking steps ← going. Infinitive absolute. them ← him. |
| Jer 31:3 | מֵרָח֕וֹק יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֣ה לִ֑י וְאַהֲבַ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ עַל־כֵּ֖ן מְשַׁכְתִּ֥יךְ חָֽסֶד׃ |
Long ago, the Lord appeared to me and said,
“With age-abiding love I have loved you, Which is why I have drawn you close in kindness. |
|
| Jer 31:4 | ע֤וֹד אֶבְנֵךְ֙ וְֽנִבְנֵ֔ית בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ע֚וֹד תַּעְדִּ֣י תֻפַּ֔יִךְ וְיָצָ֖את בִּמְח֥וֹל מְשַׂחֲקִֽים׃ |
I will build you up again, And you will be built up, O virgin of Israel; You will again adorn yourself with your timbrels, And go out into the dance of those who rejoice. |
rejoice: or play music. |
| Jer 31:5 | ע֚וֹד תִּטְּעִ֣י כְרָמִ֔ים בְּהָרֵ֖י שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹן נָטְע֥וּ נֹטְעִ֖ים וְחִלֵּֽלוּ׃ |
You will again plant vineyards In the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant them And gather the vintage. |
gather the vintage ← treat as profane. [BDB] interprets as by beginning to use its fruit. Other meanings are dance and play the flute. |
| Jer 31:6 | כִּ֣י יֶשׁ־י֔וֹם קָרְא֥וּ נֹצְרִ֖ים בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם ק֚וּמוּ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה צִיּ֔וֹן אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ פ |
For there is a day When watchmen will proclaim on Mount Ephraim, ‘Arise and let us go up to Zion, To the Lord our God.’ ” |
|
| Jer 31:7 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה רָנּ֤וּ לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ שִׂמְחָ֔ה וְצַהֲל֖וּ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַגּוֹיִ֑ם הַשְׁמִ֤יעוּ הַֽלְלוּ֙ וְאִמְר֔וּ הוֹשַׁ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֔ אֵ֖ת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: “Shout for joy to Jacob, And burst out in exultation at the head of the nations. Proclaim and praise and say, ‘O Lord save your people, The remnant of Israel.’ |
this is what ← thus.
burst out in exultation ← neigh. See Jer 5:8. |
| Jer 31:8 | הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֗וֹן וְקִבַּצְתִּים֮ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָרֶץ֒ בָּ֚ם עִוֵּ֣ר וּפִסֵּ֔חַ הָרָ֥ה וְיֹלֶ֖דֶת יַחְדָּ֑ו קָהָ֥ל גָּד֖וֹל יָשׁ֥וּבוּ הֵֽנָּה׃ |
I am about to bring them from the land of the north, And I will gather them from the remotest parts of the earth. Among them will be the blind and the lame, The pregnant and her who is giving birth together. A great convocation will return here. |
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 31:9 | בִּבְכִ֣י יָבֹ֗אוּ וּֽבְתַחֲנוּנִים֮ אֽוֹבִילֵם֒ אֽוֹלִיכֵם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חֲלֵי מַ֔יִם בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יָשָׁ֔ר לֹ֥א יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ בָּ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָיִ֤יתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְאָ֔ב וְאֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּכֹ֥רִי הֽוּא׃ ס |
They will come with weeping, And I will lead them with their supplications; I will conduct them to brooks of water By a straight way on which they will not stumble, For I will be a father to Israel, And Ephraim is my firstborn. |
Rev 7:17. |
| Jer 31:10 | שִׁמְע֤וּ דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וְהַגִּ֥ידוּ בָאִיִּ֖ים מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק וְאִמְר֗וּ מְזָרֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יְקַבְּצֶ֔נּוּ וּשְׁמָר֖וֹ כְּרֹעֶ֥ה עֶדְרֽוֹ׃ |
Hear the word of the Lord, you nations, And announce it among the coastlands far away, And say, ‘He who scattered Israel Will gather him, And he will keep him, As a shepherd does his flock.’ |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Jer 31:11 | כִּֽי־פָדָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וּגְאָל֕וֹ מִיַּ֖ד חָזָ֥ק מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
For the Lord has ransomed Jacob And redeemed him from a hand stronger than he was. |
|
| Jer 31:12 | וּבָאוּ֮ וְרִנְּנ֣וּ בִמְרוֹם־צִיּוֹן֒ וְנָהֲר֞וּ אֶל־ט֣וּב יְהוָ֗ה עַל־דָּגָן֙ וְעַל־תִּירֹ֣שׁ וְעַל־יִצְהָ֔ר וְעַל־בְּנֵי־צֹ֖אן וּבָקָ֑ר וְהָיְתָ֤ה נַפְשָׁם֙ כְּגַ֣ן רָוֶ֔ה וְלֹא־יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְדַאֲבָ֖ה עֽוֹד׃ |
So they will come and shout for joy on the heights of Zion, And they will flock to the goodness of the Lord, To grain and to new wine and to fresh oil, And to young flock animals and oxen. And their spiritual condition will be like a well-watered garden, And they will no longer languish. |
flock ← flow.
spiritual condition ← soul. well-watered ← soaked; saturated. |
| Jer 31:13 | אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָח֔וֹל וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגוֹנָֽם׃ |
Then the virgin will rejoice with a dance, As will both young men and old together, And I will change their mourning into joy, And I will show them compassion, And I will make them happy, Released from their grief. |
virgin: a reference to Israel. See Jer 18:13, Jer 31:4. |
| Jer 31:14 | וְרִוֵּיתִ֛י נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים דָּ֑שֶׁן וְעַמִּ֛י אֶת־טוּבִ֥י יִשְׂבָּ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I will saturate the sentiments of the priests with fat, And my people will be satiated with my goodness, Says the Lord.” |
saturate the sentiments ← saturate the soul. But perhaps translate slake the appetite here. |
| Jer 31:15 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בְּרָמָ֤ה נִשְׁמָע֙ נְהִי֙ בְּכִ֣י תַמְרוּרִ֔ים רָחֵ֖ל מְבַכָּ֣ה עַל־בָּנֶ֑יהָ מֵאֲנָ֛ה לְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנֶ֖יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ ס |
This is what the Lord says:
“A sound is heard in Ramah – Lamentation and very bitter weeping – Rachel grieving for her sons. She refuses to be comforted for her sons, For they are no more.” |
Matt 2:18.
this is what ← thus. very bitter weeping ← weeping of bitternesses. Rachel: AV= Rahel here. they ← he / it. |
| Jer 31:16 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מִנְעִ֤י קוֹלֵךְ֙ מִבֶּ֔כִי וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ מִדִּמְעָ֑ה כִּי֩ יֵ֨שׁ שָׂכָ֤ר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
This is what the Lord says:
“Restrain your voice from weeping, And your eyes from tears, For there is recompense in what is performed for you, Says the Lord, And they will return from the land of the enemy. |
this is what ← thus.
in what is performed for you ← to your work, an objective genitive (someone benefits-by-work you). AV differs (for thy work shall be rewarded). |
| Jer 31:17 | וְיֵשׁ־תִּקְוָ֥ה לְאַחֲרִיתֵ֖ךְ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֥בוּ בָנִ֖ים לִגְבוּלָֽם׃ ס |
And there is hope for your posterity, Says the Lord, And the sons will return to their territory. |
posterity: see Jer 29:11. AV differs (end), in the sense of latter time, which is also possible.
territory ← border. |
| Jer 31:18 | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד יִסַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וָֽאִוָּסֵ֔ר כְּעֵ֖גֶל לֹ֣א לֻמָּ֑ד הֲשִׁיבֵ֣נִי וְאָשׁ֔וּבָה כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
I have of course heard how Ephraim is becoming agitated, Saying, ‘He has chastised me, And I was chastised like an untrained calf. Bring me back so that I go back, For you are the Lord my God. |
I have of course heard: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 31:19 | כִּֽי־אַחֲרֵ֤י שׁוּבִי֙ נִחַ֔מְתִּי וְאַֽחֲרֵי֙ הִוָּ֣דְעִ֔י סָפַ֖קְתִּי עַל־יָרֵ֑ךְ בֹּ֚שְׁתִּי וְגַם־נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי כִּ֥י נָשָׂ֖אתִי חֶרְפַּ֥ת נְעוּרָֽי׃ |
For after my return, I was comforted, And after it was made known to me, I struck my thigh. I was ashamed and also suffered ignominy, For I bore the reproach of my youth.’ |
|
| Jer 31:20 | הֲבֵן֩ יַקִּ֨יר לִ֜י אֶפְרַ֗יִם אִ֚ם יֶ֣לֶד שַׁעֲשֻׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֤י דַבְּרִי֙ בּ֔וֹ זָכֹ֥ר אֶזְכְּרֶ֖נּוּ ע֑וֹד עַל־כֵּ֗ן הָמ֤וּ מֵעַי֙ ל֔וֹ רַחֵ֥ם אֲֽרַחֲמֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Is Ephraim a dear son to me? Or a most delightful child? For whenever I speak concerning him, I intensely remember him still, Which is why my mind is disquieted for him. I will certainly show him mercy, Says the Lord. |
a most delightful child ← a child of delights.
intensely remember: infinitive absolute. mind is ← bowels are. certainly show him mercy: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 31:21 | הַצִּ֧יבִי לָ֣ךְ צִיֻּנִ֗ים שִׂ֤מִי לָךְ֙ תַּמְרוּרִ֔ים שִׁ֣תִי לִבֵּ֔ךְ לַֽמְסִלָּ֖ה דֶּ֣רֶךְ *הלכתי **הָלָ֑כְתְּ שׁ֚וּבִי בְּתוּלַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֻׁ֖בִי אֶל־עָרַ֥יִךְ אֵֽלֶּה׃ |
Erect your waymarks, Set up your signposts; Set your heart on the highway – The road on which you have walked. Return, O virgin of Israel; Return to these cities of yours. |
you have walked: the ketiv is an Aramaism (as Hebrew it would mean I have walked). Compare Jer 2:33, Jer 3:4, Jer 3:5.
erect your ... set up your ← erect for yourself ... set up for yourself. Feminine singular. |
| Jer 31:22 | עַד־מָתַי֙ תִּתְחַמָּקִ֔ין הַבַּ֖ת הַשּֽׁוֹבֵבָ֑ה כִּֽי־בָרָ֨א יְהוָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ נְקֵבָ֖ה תְּס֥וֹבֵֽב גָּֽבֶר׃ ס |
How long will you keep being elusive, O rebellious daughter? For the Lord has created a new thing in the land – A woman will court a man.” |
court ← go round, orbit. [CB] explains as Israel cleaving to the Lord. |
| Jer 31:23 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ע֣וֹד יֹאמְר֞וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְעָרָ֔יו בְּשׁוּבִ֖י אֶת־שְׁבוּתָ֑ם יְבָרֶכְךָ֧ יְהוָ֛ה נְוֵה־צֶ֖דֶק הַ֥ר הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: “People will yet say these words in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity:
‘May the Lord bless you, O dwelling place of righteousness, And mountain of holiness.’ |
this is what ← thus.
these words ← this word / thing / utterance. |
| Jer 31:24 | וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ בָ֛הּ יְהוּדָ֥ה וְכָל־עָרָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו אִכָּרִ֕ים וְנָסְע֖וּ בַּעֵֽדֶר׃ | And farmers will live there – in Judah and all its cities together – and they will move around among the flock. | live there ← dwell in it. |
| Jer 31:25 | כִּ֥י הִרְוֵ֖יתִי נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה וְכָל־נֶ֥פֶשׁ דָּאֲבָ֖ה מִלֵּֽאתִי׃ |
For I have refreshed the weary person, And I have restored every grieving individual.” |
person ... individual ← soul ... soul. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
restored ← filled, refilled. |
| Jer 31:26 | עַל־זֹ֖את הֱקִיצֹ֣תִי וָאֶרְאֶ֑ה וּשְׁנָתִ֖י עָ֥רְבָה לִּֽי׃ ס | At this I awoke and looked, and my sleep had been sweet to me. | |
| Jer 31:27 | הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְזָרַעְתִּ֗י אֶת־בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה זֶ֥רַע אָדָ֖ם וְזֶ֥רַע בְּהֵמָֽה׃ | “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of cattle. | |
| Jer 31:28 | וְהָיָ֞ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר שָׁקַ֣דְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לִנְת֧וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֛וֹץ וְלַהֲרֹ֖ס וּלְהַאֲבִ֣יד וּלְהָרֵ֑עַ כֵּ֣ן אֶשְׁקֹ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לִבְנ֥וֹת וְלִנְט֖וֹעַ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | And it will come to pass, that just as I watched over them to pluck up and to tear down and to demolish and to destroy and to do harm, so I will watch over them to build and to plant, says the Lord. | |
| Jer 31:29 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם לֹא־יֹאמְר֣וּ ע֔וֹד אָב֖וֹת אָ֣כְלוּ בֹ֑סֶר וְשִׁנֵּ֥י בָנִ֖ים תִּקְהֶֽינָה׃ |
In those days they will no longer say,
‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, And the sons' teeth are on edge.’ |
the fathers have eaten sour grapes (etc.): compare Ezek 18:2.
on edge ← blunt, but the sense in this expression is giving an unpleasant taste, or in a wider sense making nervous. |
| Jer 31:30 | כִּ֛י אִם־אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲוֺנ֖וֹ יָמ֑וּת כָּל־הָֽאָדָ֛ם הָאֹכֵ֥ל הַבֹּ֖סֶר תִּקְהֶ֥ינָה שִׁנָּֽיו׃ ס | For rather, each man will die for his iniquity; every person who eats sour grapes will have his own teeth set on edge. | |
| Jer 31:31 | הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְכָרַתִּ֗י אֶת־בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּרִ֥ית חֲדָשָֽׁה׃ | Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. |
Heb 8:8. See also 1 John 3:6.
make ← cut. |
| Jer 31:32 | לֹ֣א כַבְּרִ֗ית אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּרַ֙תִּי֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם בְּיוֹם֙ הֶחֱזִיקִ֣י בְיָדָ֔ם לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֜מָּה הֵפֵ֣רוּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֗י וְאָנֹכִ֛י בָּעַ֥לְתִּי בָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | Not like the covenant which I made with their fathers on the day when I held them by their hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt – my covenant which they broke, although I had been a husband to them – says the Lord. |
Heb 8:9.
made ← cut. although: concessive use of the vav. |
| Jer 31:33 | כִּ֣י זֹ֣את הַבְּרִ֡ית אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶכְרֹת֩ אֶת־בֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אַחֲרֵ֨י הַיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה נָתַ֤תִּי אֶת־תּֽוֹרָתִי֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔ם וְעַל־לִבָּ֖ם אֶכְתֲּבֶ֑נָּה וְהָיִ֤יתִי לָהֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵ֖מָּה יִֽהְיוּ־לִ֥י לְעָֽם׃ | For this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: ‘I will put my law in their inner parts, and I will write it on their heart, and I will be God to them, and they will be a people to me. |
John 6:45, Heb 8:10, Heb 10:16. See also 1 John 2:20.
make ← cut. |
| Jer 31:34 | וְלֹ֧א יְלַמְּד֣וּ ע֗וֹד אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֜הוּ וְאִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אָחִיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דְּע֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־כוּלָּם֩ יֵדְע֨וּ אוֹתִ֜י לְמִקְטַנָּ֤ם וְעַד־גְּדוֹלָם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֤י אֶסְלַח֙ לַֽעֲוֺנָ֔ם וּלְחַטָּאתָ֖ם לֹ֥א אֶזְכָּר־עֽוֹד׃ ס | And no longer will each teach his neighbour, and each his brother, saying, «Know the Lord», for they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord, for I will pardon their iniquity, and I will no longer remember their sins.’ ” | John 6:45, Heb 8:11, Heb 8:12, Heb 10:17. See also 1 John 2:10, 1 John 2:27. |
| Jer 31:35 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים לְא֣וֹר לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “The Lord, who gives the sun for light by day, And the statutes of the moon and stars for light by night, Stirring up the sea So that its waves rage – The Lord of hosts is his name – says, |
this is what ← thus.
statutes: i.e. regular behaviour. stirring up: AV differs (divideth). so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 31:36 | אִם־יָמֻ֜שׁוּ הַחֻקִּ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה מִלְּפָנַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה גַּם֩ זֶ֨רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׁבְּת֗וּ מִֽהְי֥וֹת גּ֛וֹי לְפָנַ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס |
‘If these statutes depart from me, Says the Lord, Then the seed of Israel will also cease to be a nation before me, For all days to come.’ ” |
statutes: see Jer 31:35. The horn of Dan 7:25 attempts to change times and the law, perhaps these statutes.
from me ← from before me. |
| Jer 31:37 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־יִמַּ֤דּוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וְיֵחָקְר֥וּ מֽוֹסְדֵי־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמָ֑טָּה גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶמְאַ֨ס בְּכָל־זֶ֧רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
This is what the Lord says: “If heaven above can be measured, And the foundations of the earth below can be searched out, Then I too will reject all the seed of Israel, For everything they have done, Says the Lord. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 31:38 | הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים **בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְנִבְנְתָ֤ה הָעִיר֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה מִמִּגְדַּ֥ל חֲנַנְאֵ֖ל שַׁ֥עַר הַפִּנָּֽה׃ | Behold, the days {K: are coming} [Q: are coming], says the Lord, when the city will be built for the Lord, from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate. | Hananel ← Hanan'el. AV= Hananeel, not recognizing that the second syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Jer 31:39 | וְיָצָ֨א ע֜וֹד *קוה **קָ֤ו הַמִּדָּה֙ נֶגְדּ֔וֹ עַ֖ל גִּבְעַ֣ת גָּרֵ֑ב וְנָסַ֖ב גֹּעָֽתָה׃ | And the measuring line will yet go out opposite it at Gareb Hill and go round to Goath. | line: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Jer 31:40 | וְכָל־הָעֵ֣מֶק הַפְּגָרִ֣ים ׀ וְהַדֶּ֡שֶׁן וְכָֽל־*השרמות **הַשְּׁדֵמוֹת֩ עַד־נַ֨חַל קִדְר֜וֹן עַד־פִּנַּ֨ת שַׁ֤עַר הַסּוּסִים֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִנָּתֵ֧שׁ וְֽלֹא־יֵהָרֵ֛ס ע֖וֹד לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס | And all the valley, with the corpses and the ashes, and all the fields up to the Kidron Brook, up to the corner of the Horse Gate to the east, will be holy to the Lord. It will not be plucked up, and it will never be pulled down again.” |
fields: the ketiv has a resh for a daleth, giving an unrecognized root, but perhaps a dialectical equivalent to the qeré.
ashes: i.e. ashes of a burnt body. never ← not for the age. |
| Jer 32:1 | הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֤ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה *בשנת **בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָעֲשִׂרִ֔ית לְצִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הִ֧יא הַשָּׁנָ֛ה שְׁמֹנֶֽה־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah – that is the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar. |
tenth year: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré. A similar issue in Jer 28:1.
came ← became. eighteenth year ← the year, eighteenth year. |
| Jer 32:2 | וְאָ֗ז חֵ֚יל מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל צָרִ֖ים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְיִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֗יא הָיָ֤ה כָלוּא֙ בַּחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּֽית־מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | It was then that the forces of the king of Babylon were besieging Jerusalem, and Jeremiah the prophet was confined in the courtyard of the prison which belonged to the king of Judah's house, | |
| Jer 32:3 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּלָא֔וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּוּעַ֩ אַתָּ֨ה נִבָּ֜א לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֜ן אֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את בְּיַ֥ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּלְכָדָֽהּ׃ | because Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him, saying, “Why do you prophesy, saying, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 32:4 | וְצִדְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה לֹ֥א יִמָּלֵ֖ט מִיַּ֣ד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּ֣י הִנָּתֹ֤ן יִנָּתֵן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְדִבֶּר־פִּ֣יו עִם־פִּ֔יו וְעֵינָ֖יו אֶת־*עינו **עֵינָ֥יו תִּרְאֶֽינָה׃ | And Zedekiah king of Judah shall not escape from the hand of the Chaldeans, but he will certainly be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will speak face to face, and they will see each other's eyes. |
they will see each other's eyes ← his eyes will see his {Q: eyes} [K: eye].
certainly be delivered: infinitive absolute. face to face ← his mouth with his mouth. |
| Jer 32:5 | וּבָבֶ֞ל יוֹלִ֤ךְ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עַד־פָּקְדִ֥י אֹת֖וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֧י תִֽלָּחֲמ֛וּ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֖ים לֹ֥א תַצְלִֽיחוּ׃ פ | And he will lead Zedekiah to Babylon, and that is where he will be until I visit him, says the Lord. If you fight the Chaldeans, you will not succeed.» ’?” | that is where ← there. |
| Jer 32:6 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ הָיָ֥ה דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Jeremiah said, “The word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 32:7 | הִנֵּ֣ה חֲנַמְאֵ֗ל בֶּן־שַׁלֻּם֙ דֹּֽדְךָ֔ בָּ֥א אֵלֶ֖יךָ לֵאמֹ֑ר קְנֵ֣ה לְךָ֗ אֶת־שָׂדִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּעֲנָת֔וֹת כִּ֥י לְךָ֛ מִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַגְּאֻלָּ֖ה לִקְנֽוֹת׃ | ‘Look, Hanamel the son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you to say, «Buy my field, which is in Anathoth, for you have the right of redemption to buy it.» ’ ” | Hanamel ← Hanam'el. AV= Hanameel not recognizing that the second syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Jer 32:8 | וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵ֠לַי חֲנַמְאֵ֨ל בֶּן־דֹּדִ֜י כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־חֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָה֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֡י קְנֵ֣ה נָ֠א אֶת־שָׂדִ֨י אֲשֶׁר־בַּעֲנָת֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֗ין כִּֽי־לְךָ֞ מִשְׁפַּ֧ט הַיְרֻשָּׁ֛ה וּלְךָ֥ הַגְּאֻלָּ֖ה קְנֵה־לָ֑ךְ וָאֵדַ֕ע כִּ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And Hanamel my uncle's son came to me, according to the word of the Lord, to the prison courtyard, and he said to me, “Please buy my field which is in Anathoth, which is in the land of Benjamin, for you have the right of inheritance, and you have the right of redemption. Buy it for yourself.” And I knew that it was the word of the Lord. | Hanamel: see Jer 32:7. |
| Jer 32:9 | וָֽאֶקְנֶה֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה מֵאֵ֛ת חֲנַמְאֵ֥ל בֶּן־דֹּדִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּעֲנָת֑וֹת וָֽאֶשְׁקֲלָה־לּוֹ֙ אֶת־הַכֶּ֔סֶף שִׁבְעָ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה הַכָּֽסֶף׃ | So I bought the field from Hanamel, my uncle's son, who was in Anathoth, and I weighed the money out to him – seventeen shekels was the weight of silver. | Hanamel: see Jer 32:7. |
| Jer 32:10 | וָאֶכְתֹּ֤ב בַּסֵּ֙פֶר֙ וָֽאֶחְתֹּ֔ם וָאָעֵ֖ד עֵדִ֑ים וָאֶשְׁקֹ֥ל הַכֶּ֖סֶף בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃ | And I signed the deeds and put my seal on them, and I had witnesses witness it, and I weighed out the silver in a balance. | signed the deeds ← wrote in the book. |
| Jer 32:11 | וָאֶקַּ֖ח אֶת־סֵ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֑ה אֶת־הֶֽחָת֛וּם הַמִּצְוָ֥ה וְהַחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַגָּלֽוּי׃ | And I took the deeds of the purchase, those which were sealed according to the regulation and the statutes, and those which were public, |
regulation ← commandment.
public ← revealed. |
| Jer 32:12 | וָאֶתֵּ֞ן אֶת־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֗ה אֶל־בָּר֣וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּה֮ בֶּן־מַחְסֵיָה֒ לְעֵינֵי֙ חֲנַמְאֵ֣ל דֹּדִ֔י וּלְעֵינֵי֙ הָֽעֵדִ֔ים הַכֹּתְבִ֖ים בְּסֵ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֑ה לְעֵינֵי֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בַּחֲצַ֥ר הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ | and I gave the purchase deeds to Baruch, the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, in the sight of Hanamel my cousin and in the sight of the witnesses who wrote in the purchase deed, in the sight of all the Jews who sat in the prison courtyard. |
Mahseiah: AV= Maaseiah, a name used for a distinctly different Hebrew spelling.
Hanamel: see Jer 32:7. cousin ← uncle, but apparently also including cousin. |
| Jer 32:13 | וָֽאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת בָּר֔וּךְ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And I gave instruction to Baruch in their sight and said, | |
| Jer 32:14 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָק֣וֹחַ אֶת־הַסְּפָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֡לֶּה אֵ֣ת סֵפֶר֩ הַמִּקְנָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת הֶחָת֗וּם וְאֵ֨ת סֵ֤פֶר הַגָּלוּי֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וּנְתַתָּ֖ם בִּכְלִי־חָ֑רֶשׂ לְמַ֥עַן יַעַמְד֖וּ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ ס | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Take these deeds – the deeds of this purchase and what is sealed, and this public document, and put them in an earthenware container so that they will keep for many days.’ |
this is what ← thus.
take: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. keep ← stand, endure. many days: standing for a long period of time. |
| Jer 32:15 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ע֣וֹד יִקָּנ֥וּ בָתִּ֛ים וְשָׂד֥וֹת וּכְרָמִ֖ים בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ | For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Houses and fields and vineyards will yet be acquired in this land.’ ” | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 32:16 | וָאֶתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה אַחֲרֵ֤י תִתִּי֙ אֶת־סֵ֣פֶר הַמִּקְנָ֔ה אֶל־בָּר֥וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then I prayed to the Lord, after I had given the purchase deeds to Baruch the son of Neriah, and I said, | |
| Jer 32:17 | אֲהָהּ֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֗יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּכֹֽחֲךָ֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל וּבִֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִפָּלֵ֥א מִמְּךָ֖ כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃ | “Alas, my Lord the Lord, look, you made the heavens and the earth by your great power and by your outstretched arm. Nothing is too difficult for you, |
nothing ← not everything.
difficult ← wonderful, extraordinary. |
| Jer 32:18 | עֹ֤שֶׂה חֶ֙סֶד֙ לַֽאֲלָפִ֔ים וּמְשַׁלֵּם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אָב֔וֹת אֶל־חֵ֥יק בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם הָאֵ֤ל הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַגִּבּ֔וֹר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ | as you show kindness to thousands, and you requite the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their sons after them. The great mighty God – the Lord of hosts is his name. | show ← do. |
| Jer 32:19 | גְּדֹל֙ הָֽעֵצָ֔ה וְרַ֖ב הָעֲלִֽילִיָּ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־עֵינֶ֣יךָ פְקֻח֗וֹת עַל־כָּל־דַּרְכֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם לָתֵ֤ת לְאִישׁ֙ כִּדְרָכָ֔יו וְכִפְרִ֖י מַעֲלָלָֽיו׃ | You are great in counsel and mighty in deed, whose eyes are alert to all the ways of the sons of Adam, to render to a man according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his works, |
Rom 2:6, Rev 2:23, Rev 18:6, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:13, Rev 22:12.
alert ← open. |
| Jer 32:20 | אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֠מְתָּ אֹת֨וֹת וּמֹפְתִ֤ים בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבָֽאָדָ֑ם וַתַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֥ שֵׁ֖ם כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | you who have been performing signs and wonders in the land of Egypt up to this day, both in Israel and among mankind, and you make yourself a name as it is on this day. | |
| Jer 32:21 | וַתֹּצֵ֛א אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם בְּאֹת֣וֹת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֗ים וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבְאֶזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמוֹרָ֖א גָּדֽוֹל׃ | And you brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt, with signs and with miracles and with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm and with great awe. | |
| Jer 32:22 | וַתִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃ | And you gave them this land which you promised their fathers that you would give it to them – a land flowing with milk and honey. | |
| Jer 32:23 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֹתָ֗הּ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמְע֤וּ בְקוֹלֶ֙ךָ֙ *ובתרותך **וּבְתוֹרָתְךָ֣ לֹא־הָלָ֔כוּ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוִּ֧יתָה לָהֶ֛ם לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת לֹ֣א עָשׂ֑וּ וַתַּקְרֵ֣א אֹתָ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And they came, and they inherited it, but they did not heed your voice, and they did not walk in your {K: laws} [Q: law]; they did not do everything which you commanded them to do, and you caused all this trouble to happen to them. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 32:24 | הִנֵּ֣ה הַסֹּלְל֗וֹת בָּ֣אוּ הָעִיר֮ לְלָכְדָהּ֒ וְהָעִ֣יר נִתְּנָ֗ה בְּיַ֤ד הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙ הַנִּלְחָמִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יהָ מִפְּנֵ֛י הַחֶ֥רֶב וְהָרָעָ֖ב וְהַדָּ֑בֶר וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֛רְתָּ הָיָ֖ה וְהִנְּךָ֥ רֹאֶֽה׃ | Look, ramparts have come up to the city, to capture it, and the city is being delivered into the hand of the Chaldeans who are fighting against it, as it contends in the face of the sword and famine and disease. And what you said has come about. And look, you see it. | ramparts ← the ramparts. Offensive ramparts. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Jer 32:25 | וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ אֵלַי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה קְנֵֽה־לְךָ֧ הַשָּׂדֶ֛ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וְהָעֵ֣ד עֵדִ֑ים וְהָעִ֥יר נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | And you have said to me, my Lord the Lord, ‘Buy yourself the field for silver, and have witnesses witness it’, and the city has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans.” |
Matt 27:9.
hands ← hand. |
| Jer 32:26 | וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 32:27 | הִנֵּה֙ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֱלֹהֵ֖י כָּל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הֲֽמִמֶּ֔נִּי יִפָּלֵ֖א כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃ | “Behold, I am the Lord God of all flesh. Is anything too difficult for me? |
anything ← everything.
difficult ← wonderful, extraordinary. |
| Jer 32:28 | לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנְנִ֣י נֹתֵן֩ אֶת־הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֜את בְּיַ֣ד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֗ים וּבְיַ֛ד נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּלְכָדָֽהּ׃ | So this is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the Chaldeans and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he will capture it. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 32:29 | וּבָ֣אוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֗ים הַנִּלְחָמִים֙ עַל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְהִצִּ֜יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את בָּאֵ֖שׁ וּשְׂרָפ֑וּהָ וְאֵ֣ת הַבָּתִּ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ קִטְּר֨וּ עַל־גַּגּֽוֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לַבַּ֗עַל וְהִסִּ֤כוּ נְסָכִים֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן הַכְעִסֵֽנִי׃ | And the Chaldeans who are fighting against this city will come, and they will set this city on fire, and they will burn it, including the houses on whose roofs they have burned incense to Baal, and where they have poured libations to other gods, so as to provoke me to anger. | set this city on fire ← kindle this city with fire. |
| Jer 32:30 | כִּֽי־הָי֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אַ֣ךְ עֹשִׂ֥ים הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינַ֖י מִנְּעֻרֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַ֣ךְ מַכְעִסִ֥ים אֹתִ֛י בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | For the sons of Israel and the sons of Judah would do nothing but what is wrong in my sight from their youth on, for the sons of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, says the Lord. | |
| Jer 32:31 | כִּ֧י עַל־אַפִּ֣י וְעַל־חֲמָתִ֗י הָ֤יְתָה לִּי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וְעַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לַהֲסִירָ֖הּ מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי׃ | For this city has been to me a cause of my anger and my fury, from the day when they built it, up to this day – a cause for me to remove it from my sight, |
a cause of: the word is normally considered a preposition, which can mean because of, as in the next verse. But here the city is the originating agent, not the anger.
my sight ← my face / before me. |
| Jer 32:32 | עַל֩ כָּל־רָעַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי הֵ֤מָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָֽׂרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּהֲנֵיהֶ֖ם וּנְבִֽיאֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | because of all the evil of the sons of Israel, and the sons of Judah who have acted to provoke me to anger – they, their kings, their officials, their priests and their prophets, and the men of Judah, and those living in Jerusalem. | |
| Jer 32:33 | וַיִּפְנ֥וּ אֵלַ֛י עֹ֖רֶף וְלֹ֣א פָנִ֑ים וְלַמֵּ֤ד אֹתָם֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְלַמֵּ֔ד וְאֵינָ֥ם שֹׁמְעִ֖ים לָקַ֥חַת מוּסָֽר׃ | And they turned their backs on me, and not the face, although I taught them, rising early and teaching, but they did not listen, to receive correction. |
turned their backs on me: see Jer 2:27.
although: concessive use of the vav. taught ... rising early ... teaching: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 32:34 | וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶ֗ם בַּבַּ֛יִת אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָֽא־שְׁמִ֥י עָלָ֖יו לְטַמְּאֽוֹ׃ | And they put their abominations in the house at which my name is called on, so as to profane it. | |
| Jer 32:35 | וַיִּבְנוּ֩ אֶת־בָּמ֨וֹת הַבַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם לְ֠הַעֲבִיר אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם֮ לַמֹּלֶךְ֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־צִוִּיתִ֗ים וְלֹ֤א עָֽלְתָה֙ עַל־לִבִּ֔י לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת הַתּוֹעֵבָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את לְמַ֖עַן *החטי **הַחֲטִ֥יא אֶת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ ס | And they built the idolatrous raised sites to Baal, which are in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to make their sons and their daughters pass through fire to Molech, which I did not command them and which did not arise in my heart – to commit this abomination, so as to cause Judah to sin. |
to cause ... to sin: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré.
the Valley of the Son of Hinnom: from which via Greek, Gehenna. |
| Jer 32:36 | וְעַתָּ֕ה לָכֵ֛ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶל־הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים נִתְּנָה֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב וּבָרָעָ֥ב וּבַדָּֽבֶר׃ | And now, therefore, this is what the Lord God of Israel says to this city which you are saying will be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon by the sword and famine and disease: |
this is what ← thus.
you: plural, so presumably referring to the population, who now realize what is happening. The LXX (Jer 39:36LXX) translates as singular. |
| Jer 32:37 | הִנְנִ֤י מְקַבְּצָם֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים שָׁ֛ם בְּאַפִּ֥י וּבַחֲמָתִ֖י וּבְקֶ֣צֶף גָּד֑וֹל וַהֲשִֽׁבֹתִים֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהֹשַׁבְתִּ֖ים לָבֶֽטַח׃ | «I am going to gather them out of all the countries to which I have driven them out in my anger and in my fury and in great wrath, and I will bring them back to this place, and I will settle them in security. | I am going to ← behold me. |
| Jer 32:38 | וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י לְעָ֑ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And they will be my people, and I will be their God. | 2 Cor 6:16. |
| Jer 32:39 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י לָהֶ֜ם לֵ֤ב אֶחָד֙ וְדֶ֣רֶךְ אֶחָ֔ד לְיִרְאָ֥ה אוֹתִ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִ֑ים לְט֣וֹב לָהֶ֔ם וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I will give them one heart and one way, to fear me all the time for their welfare and for that of their sons after them. | all the time ← all the days. |
| Jer 32:40 | וְכָרַתִּ֤י לָהֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־אָשׁוּב֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵיהֶ֔ם לְהֵיטִיבִ֖י אוֹתָ֑ם וְאֶת־יִרְאָתִי֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן בִּלְבָבָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י ס֥וּר מֵעָלָֽי׃ | And I will make an age-abiding covenant for them, whereby I will not turn away from being behind them, for me to do good to them, and I will put fear of me in their heart, so that they do not depart from me. |
make ← cut.
fear of me ← my fear. An objective genitive. |
| Jer 32:41 | וְשַׂשְׂתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְהֵטִ֣יב אוֹתָ֑ם וּנְטַעְתִּ֞ים בָּאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ בֶּאֱמֶ֔ת בְּכָל־לִבִּ֖י וּבְכָל־נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס | And I will rejoice over them in doing them good, and I will plant them in this land firmly with all my heart and with all my soul.» |
in doing them good: gerundial use of the infinitive.
firmly ← in firmness / in truth. |
| Jer 32:42 | כִּֽי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֥ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את כֵּ֣ן אָנֹכִ֞י מֵבִ֤יא עֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | For this is what the Lord says: «Just as I brought all this great trouble on this people, so I am going to bring all this good on them, which I am declaring to them. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 32:43 | וְנִקְנָ֥ה הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים שְׁמָמָ֥ה הִיא֙ מֵאֵ֤ין אָדָם֙ וּבְהֵמָ֔ה נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | And a field will be bought in this land, of which you say, ‹It is a desolation, without man or beast; it has been delivered into the hand of the Chaldeans.› | without ← from there not being. |
| Jer 32:44 | שָׂד֞וֹת בַּכֶּ֣סֶף יִקְנ֗וּ וְכָת֨וֹב בַּסֵּ֥פֶר ׀ וְחָתוֹם֮ וְהָעֵ֣ד עֵדִים֒ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֜ן וּבִסְבִיבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּבְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְעָרֵ֣י הָהָ֔ר וּבְעָרֵ֥י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּבְעָרֵ֣י הַנֶּ֑גֶב כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שְׁבוּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | They will buy fields for silver, and write in the deeds and seal it, and have witnesses witness it, in the land of Benjamin and in the surrounding areas of Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah and in the cities in the mountain range, and in the cities of the lowlands, and in the cities of the south, for I will reverse their captivity, says the Lord.» ’ ” |
Matt 27:9.
write ... seal ... have witnesses witness: all infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs. |
| Jer 33:1 | וַיְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ שֵׁנִ֑ית וְהוּא֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ עָצ֔וּר בַּחֲצַ֥ר הַמַּטָּרָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah a second time while he was still confined in the prison courtyard, and it said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 33:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עֹשָׂ֑הּ יְהוָ֗ה יוֹצֵ֥ר אוֹתָ֛הּ לַהֲכִינָ֖הּ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ | “This is what the Lord, the maker of it, the Lord, the fashioner of it to prepare it – the Lord is his name – says: |
this is what ← thus.
it ... it ... it: feminine, perhaps referring to the earth, or generalising, all this. |
| Jer 33:3 | קְרָ֥א אֵלַ֖י וְאֶעֱנֶ֑ךָּ וְאַגִּ֧ידָה לְּךָ֛ גְּדֹל֥וֹת וּבְצֻר֖וֹת לֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽם׃ ס | ‘Call out to me, and I will answer you, and I will tell you great things and recondite matters which you did not know. | |
| Jer 33:4 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַל־בָּתֵּי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְעַל־בָּתֵּ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה הַנְּתֻצִ֕ים אֶל־הַסֹּלְל֖וֹת וְאֶל־הֶחָֽרֶב׃ | For this is what the Lord God of Israel says concerning the houses of this city and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah which have been demolished, concerning the ramparts and concerning the sword: | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 33:5 | בָּאִ֗ים לְהִלָּחֵם֙ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וּלְמַלְאָם֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִכֵּ֥יתִי בְאַפִּ֖י וּבַחֲמָתִ֑י וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הִסְתַּ֤רְתִּי פָנַי֙ מֵהָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָֽם׃ | «They have been brought to combat the Chaldeans, but it will be to fill them with the corpses of men whom I will strike down in my anger and in my fury, and those because of whom I have hidden my face from this city, on account of all their wickedness. | they have been brought ← they come, referring to defence works. Qal for passive of hiphil. Compare 1 Chr 5:41 (1 Chr 6:15AV), Prov 25:4, Mark 4:21. |
| Jer 33:6 | הִנְנִ֧י מַעֲלֶה־לָּ֛הּ אֲרֻכָ֥ה וּמַרְפֵּ֖א וּרְפָאתִ֑ים וְגִלֵּיתִ֣י לָהֶ֔ם עֲתֶ֥רֶת שָׁל֖וֹם וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ | I am about to bring the city restoration and healing, and I will heal them, and I will reveal an abundance of welfare and truth to them, |
I am about to ← behold me.
bring the city ← bring up to her. welfare: or peace. |
| Jer 33:7 | וַהֲשִֽׁבֹתִי֙ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת שְׁב֣וּת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנִתִ֖ים כְּבָרִֽאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | and I will reverse the captivity of Judah and the captivity of Israel, and I will build them up as in the beginning. | |
| Jer 33:8 | וְטִ֣הַרְתִּ֔ים מִכָּל־עֲוֺנָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטְאוּ־לִ֑י וְסָלַחְתִּ֗י *לכול־**לְכָל־עֲוֺנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטְאוּ־לִ֔י וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר פָּ֥שְׁעוּ בִֽי׃ | And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity with which they have sinned against me, and I will pardon all their iniquities with which they have sinned against me, and with which they have transgressed against me. |
all: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
sinned ... sinned: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Jer 33:9 | וְהָ֣יְתָה לִּ֗י לְשֵׁ֤ם שָׂשׂוֹן֙ לִתְהִלָּ֣ה וּלְתִפְאֶ֔רֶת לְכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁמְע֜וּ אֶת־כָּל־הַטּוֹבָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽנֹכִי֙ עֹשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם וּפָחֲד֣וּ וְרָֽגְז֗וּ עַ֤ל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה֙ וְעַ֣ל כָּל־הַשָּׁל֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽנֹכִ֖י עֹ֥שֶׂה לָּֽהּ׃ ס | And it will be to me a name of rejoicing, a cause for praise, and a show of splendour to all the nations of the earth who will hear of all the good which I will be doing to them, and they will fear and stand in awe at all the good and at all the welfare which I will be doing to it.» |
it will be: feminine, a reference to Jerusalem.
welfare: or peace. |
| Jer 33:10 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עוֹד֮ יִשָּׁמַ֣ע בַּמָּקוֹם־הַזֶּה֒ אֲשֶׁר֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים חָרֵ֣ב ה֔וּא מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֖ם וּמֵאֵ֣ין בְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְחֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הַֽנְשַׁמּ֗וֹת מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֛ם וּמֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב וּמֵאֵ֥ין בְּהֵמָֽה׃ | This is what the Lord says: «There will yet be heard in this place of which you say, ‹It is desolate without leaving a man and without leaving a beast, in the cities of Judah and in the outlying areas of Jerusalem which have been devastated without leaving a man and without leaving an inhabitant and without leaving a beast›, |
this is what ← thus.
without leaving (5x) ← from not. |
| Jer 33:11 | ק֣וֹל שָׂשׂ֞וֹן וְק֣וֹל שִׂמְחָ֗ה ק֣וֹל חָתָן֮ וְק֣וֹל כַּלָּה֒ ק֣וֹל אֹמְרִ֡ים הוֹדוּ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת כִּֽי־ט֤וֹב יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּ֔וֹ מְבִאִ֥ים תּוֹדָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֧יב אֶת־שְׁבוּת־הָאָ֛רֶץ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
the sound of rejoicing and the sound of happiness, the sound of the bridegroom and the sound of the bride, the sound of those who say,
‹Praise the Lord of hosts, For the Lord is good, For his kindness is age-abiding›, who bring a thank-offering to the house of the Lord, for I will reverse the captivity of the land to as it was at the beginning, says the Lord.» |
|
| Jer 33:12 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֒ ע֞וֹד יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה הֶחָרֵ֛ב מֵֽאֵין־אָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה וּבְכָל־עָרָ֑יו נְוֵ֣ה רֹעִ֔ים מַרְבִּצִ֖ים צֹֽאן׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: «There will yet be in this desolate place without man or beast, and in all its cities, a pasture for shepherds, to allow the sheep to recline. |
this is what ← thus.
without ← from not. |
| Jer 33:13 | בְּעָרֵ֨י הָהָ֜ר בְּעָרֵ֤י הַשְּׁפֵלָה֙ וּבְעָרֵ֣י הַנֶּ֔גֶב וּבְאֶ֧רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֛ן וּבִסְבִיבֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וּבְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה עֹ֣ד תַּעֲבֹ֧רְנָה הַצֹּ֛אן עַל־יְדֵ֥י מוֹנֶ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | In the cities in the mountains, in the cities in the lowlands, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the surrounding areas of Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the sheep will yet pass through at the hands of the one who counts them, says the Lord. | mountains ← mountain. Collective usage; also a mountain range. |
| Jer 33:14 | הִנֵּ֛ה יָמִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וַהֲקִֽמֹתִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֛רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ |
Behold, the days are coming, Says the Lord, When I will establish the good thing Which I have spoken to the house of Israel And to the house of Judah. |
|| Jer 23:5. |
| Jer 33:15 | בַּיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵם֙ וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא אַצְמִ֥יחַ לְדָוִ֖ד צֶ֣מַח צְדָקָ֑ה וְעָשָׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
In those days and at that time, I will cause a righteous branch to spring up to David, And he will execute justice and righteousness in the land. |
John 7:42.
|| Jer 23:5. righteous branch ← a branch of righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 33:16 | בַּיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵם֙ תִּוָּשַׁ֣ע יְהוּדָ֔ה וִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם תִּשְׁכּ֣וֹן לָבֶ֑טַח וְזֶ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא־לָ֖הּ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ צִדְקֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
In those days Judah will be saved, And Jerusalem will dwell securely, And this is what one will call it: The Lord our Righteousness.» |
|| Jer 23:6.
it: feminine, referring to Jerusalem. the Lord our Righteousness: see Jer 23:6. |
| Jer 33:17 | כִּי־כֹ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֣ת לְדָוִ֔ד אִ֕ישׁ יֹשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֥א בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For this is what the Lord says: «Not a man will be cut off from David to sit on the throne of the house of Israel. |
this is what ← thus.
to sit ← sitting. For transmission of the right to the throne, see note to Jer 22:30. |
| Jer 33:18 | וְלַכֹּהֲנִים֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֥ת אִ֖ישׁ מִלְּפָנָ֑י מַעֲלֶ֨ה עוֹלָ֜ה וּמַקְטִ֥יר מִנְחָ֛ה וְעֹ֥שֶׂה־זֶּ֖בַח כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס | And not a man will be cut off before me of the Levite priests to make the burnt offering and to burn the meal-offering and to offer sacrifices all the time.» ’ ” |
to make ← raising.
to burn: implying burning incense. offer sacrifices ← do a sacrifice. all the time ← all the days. |
| Jer 33:19 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֽוֹר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah and said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 33:20 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־תָּפֵ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י הַלָּ֑יְלָה וּלְבִלְתִּ֛י הֱי֥וֹת יֽוֹמָם־וָלַ֖יְלָה בְּעִתָּֽם׃ | “This is what the Lord says: ‘If you can break my covenant of the day and my covenant of the night so that there are not day and night in their time, |
this is what ← thus.
day and night ← by day and night. See note to Jer 31:36. |
| Jer 33:21 | גַּם־בְּרִיתִ֤י תֻפַר֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֔י מִהְיֽוֹת־ל֥וֹ בֵ֖ן מֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כִּסְא֑וֹ וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֥ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים מְשָׁרְתָֽי׃ | then my covenant with David my servant can be broken, so that he does not have a son reigning on his throne, and my covenant with the priestly Levites my officiators. | he does not have: perhaps to be interpreted as he does not have a prospect of. God always had Christ in line; see note on Jer 22:30. Levites are present in the future ↴ |
| Jer 33:22 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִסָּפֵר֙ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֖ד ח֣וֹל הַיָּ֑ם כֵּ֣ן אַרְבֶּ֗ה אֶת־זֶ֙רַע֙ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֔י וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם מְשָׁרְתֵ֥י אֹתִֽי׃ ס | As the host of the heavens cannot be counted, and the sand of the sea cannot be measured, so will I increase the seed of David my servant and the Levites who officiate for me.’ ” | ↳ temple of Ezekiel. Perhaps God himself changes the covenant regarding priests with the New Jerusalem; see Rev 21:23. |
| Jer 33:23 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, saying, | came ← became. |
| Jer 33:24 | הֲל֣וֹא רָאִ֗יתָ מָֽה־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ דִּבְּר֣וּ לֵאמֹ֔ר שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּחַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם וַיִּמְאָסֵ֑ם וְאֶת־עַמִּי֙ יִנְאָצ֔וּן מִֽהְי֥וֹת ע֖וֹד גּ֥וֹי לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | “Have you not seen what this people has spoken, when they said, ‘There are two families which the Lord chose, but he has rejected them.’ And they have considered my people too contemptible to be a nation in their sight any longer. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 33:25 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֥א בְרִיתִ֖י יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה חֻקּ֛וֹת שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָ֖רֶץ לֹא־שָֽׂמְתִּי׃ | This is what the Lord says: ‘If I have not set up my covenant of day and night – not the statutes of heaven and earth – |
this is what ← thus.
not ... not: the two negatives in the Hebrew are loosely associated as not my covenant and not set up. |
| Jer 33:26 | גַּם־זֶ֣רַע יַעֲקוֹב֩ וְדָוִ֨ד עַבְדִּ֜י אֶמְאַ֗ס מִקַּ֤חַת מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ מֹֽשְׁלִ֔ים אֶל־זֶ֥רַע אַבְרָהָ֖ם יִשְׂחָ֣ק וְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּֽי־*אשוב **אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שְׁבוּתָ֖ם וְרִחַמְתִּֽים׃ ס | then I will also reject the seed of Jacob and David my servant, not taking his seed as rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. For I will reverse their captivity, and I will have compassion on them.’ ” |
I will reverse: the ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
Isaac: not the usual spelling (sin for tsadé), but also used in the Psalms and Amos. |
| Jer 34:1 | הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וּנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ וְכָל־חֵיל֡וֹ וְכָל־מַמְלְכ֣וֹת אֶרֶץ֩ מֶמְשֶׁ֨לֶת יָד֜וֹ וְכָל־הָעַמִּ֗ים נִלְחָמִ֧ים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְעַל־כָּל־עָרֶ֖יהָ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord when Nebuchadrezzar was king of Babylon, and all his forces and all the kingdoms of the land under the rule of his hand and all the various peoples were fighting against Jerusalem and against all its cities. It said, |
came ← became.
Nebuchadrezzar: AV usually distinguishes between Nebuchadrezzar and Nebuchadnezzar, but it imposes Nebuchadnezzar here and in Jer 39:5. under the rule ← of the rule. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 34:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הָלֹךְ֙ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ אֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֜ן אֶת־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וּשְׂרָפָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah, and say to him, «This is what the Lord says: ‹I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire. |
this is what (2x) ← thus.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 34:3 | וְאַתָּ֗ה לֹ֚א תִמָּלֵט֙ מִיָּד֔וֹ כִּ֚י תָּפֹ֣שׂ תִּתָּפֵ֔שׂ וּבְיָד֖וֹ תִּנָּתֵ֑ן וְֽ֠עֵינֶיךָ אֶת־עֵינֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל תִּרְאֶ֗ינָה וּפִ֛יהוּ אֶת־פִּ֥יךָ יְדַבֵּ֖ר וּבָבֶ֥ל תָּבֽוֹא׃ | And you will not escape from his grip, for you will certainly be seized and delivered into his hand, and your eyes will see the king of Babylon, and he will speak to you face to face, and you will go to Babylon. |
grip ← hand.
certainly be seized: infinitive absolute. face to face ← his mouth with your mouth. |
| Jer 34:4 | אַ֚ךְ שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תָמ֖וּת בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ | But hear the word of the Lord, Zedekiah, king of Judah.› This is what the Lord says to you: ‹You will not die by the sword. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 34:5 | בְּשָׁל֣וֹם תָּמ֗וּת וּֽכְמִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת אֲ֠בוֹתֶיךָ הַמְּלָכִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ כֵּ֚ן יִשְׂרְפוּ־לָ֔ךְ וְה֥וֹי אָד֖וֹן יִסְפְּדוּ־לָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־דָבָ֥ר אֲנִֽי־דִבַּ֖רְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | You will die in peace and according to the aromatic burning for your fathers – the former kings who were before you. That is how they will burn for you, and they will mourn for you saying, "Alas, lord." For I have spoken the word, says the Lord.› » ’ ” | burning for ← burning of. Wider use of the construct state. Followed by burn for you using a preposition. |
| Jer 34:6 | וַיְדַבֵּר֙ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | So Jeremiah the prophet spoke all these words in Jerusalem to Zedekiah king of Judah, | |
| Jer 34:7 | וְחֵ֣יל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל נִלְחָמִים֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת אֶל־לָכִישׁ֙ וְאֶל־עֲזֵקָ֔ה כִּ֣י הֵ֗נָּה נִשְׁאֲר֛וּ בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָֽר׃ פ | while the king of Babylon's forces were fighting against Jerusalem and against all the cities of Judah which remained – against Lachish and against Azekah, for they remained among the cities of Judah, being fortified cities. | |
| Jer 34:8 | הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה אַחֲרֵ֡י כְּרֹת֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֜הוּ בְּרִ֗ית אֶת־כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּירֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִקְרֹ֥א לָהֶ֖ם דְּרֽוֹר׃ | This is the word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord after King Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people who were in Jerusalem, to proclaim liberty to them, |
came ← became.
made ← cut. |
| Jer 34:9 | לְ֠שַׁלַּח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֞וֹ וְאִ֧ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָת֛וֹ הָעִבְרִ֥י וְהָעִבְרִיָּ֖ה חָפְשִׁ֑ים לְבִלְתִּ֧י עֲבָד־בָּ֛ם בִּיהוּדִ֥י אָחִ֖יהוּ אִֽישׁ׃ | that every man should set his manservant and his maidservant free – the Hebrew man and the Hebrew woman – so as not to impose servitude on them, on any Jew, his brother, |
every ← each.
any ← a man. |
| Jer 34:10 | וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־הַשָּׂרִ֨ים וְכָל־הָעָ֜ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ בַבְּרִ֗ית לְ֠שַׁלַּח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּ֞וֹ וְאִ֤ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָתוֹ֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים לְבִלְתִּ֥י עֲבָד־בָּ֖ם ע֑וֹד וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ וַיְשַׁלֵּֽחוּ׃ | a covenant which all the officials heard, as well as all the people who had entered into the covenant for each man to set his manservant free, and each his maidservant, so that they would not impose servitude on them any more. And they heeded it and set them free. | |
| Jer 34:11 | וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּשִׁ֗בוּ אֶת־הָֽעֲבָדִים֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפָח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁלְּח֖וּ חָפְשִׁ֑ים *ויכבישום **וַֽיִּכְבְּשׁ֔וּם לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃ ס | But after that they went back on it, and they made the menservants and maidservants, whom they had set free, return, and forcibly made them menservants and maidservants again. | forcibly made them: the ketiv (hiphil stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (qal stem-formation). |
| Jer 34:12 | וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, from the Lord, saying, | came ← became. |
| Jer 34:13 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָנֹכִ֗י כָּרַ֤תִּֽי בְרִית֙ אֶת־אֲב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּי֨וֹם הוֹצִאִ֤י אוֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I made a covenant with your fathers on the day when I brought them out of the land of Egypt, from a house of slaves, when I said, |
this is what ← thus.
made ← cut. |
| Jer 34:14 | מִקֵּ֣ץ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֡ים תְּֽשַׁלְּח֡וּ אִישׁ֩ אֶת־אָחִ֨יו הָעִבְרִ֜י אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּכֵ֣ר לְךָ֗ וַעֲבָֽדְךָ֙ שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְשִׁלַּחְתּ֥וֹ חָפְשִׁ֖י מֵֽעִמָּ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמְע֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אֵלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א הִטּ֖וּ אֶת־אָזְנָֽם׃ | «After seven years every man will release his Hebrew brother who was sold to you, and who has served you for six years, and you will let him go away from you free.» But your fathers did not heed me and did not incline their ears. |
after ← at the end of.
every ← each. from you ← from with you. ears ← ear. One ear per person inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 34:15 | וַתָּשֻׁ֨בוּ אַתֶּ֜ם הַיּ֗וֹם וַתַּעֲשׂ֤וּ אֶת־הַיָּשָׁר֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י לִקְרֹ֥א דְר֖וֹר אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וַתִּכְרְת֤וּ בְרִית֙ לְפָנַ֔י בַּבַּ֕יִת אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עָלָֽיו׃ | Then you returned today, and you did what is right in my sight, by each man proclaiming liberty to his neighbour, and you made a covenant in my presence in the house at which my name is called on. |
right ← straight.
by ... proclaiming: gerundial use of the infinitive. made ← cut. |
| Jer 34:16 | וַתָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַתְּחַלְּל֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י וַתָּשִׁ֗בוּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שִׁלַּחְתֶּ֥ם חָפְשִׁ֖ים לְנַפְשָׁ֑ם וַתִּכְבְּשׁ֣וּ אֹתָ֔ם לִֽהְי֣וֹת לָכֶ֔ם לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָחֽוֹת׃ ס | Then you turned away and profaned my name, and each man brought his manservant and his maidservant back, whom you had set free for their comfort, and you forced them to be your menservants and maidservants. | comfort ← soul. |
| Jer 34:17 | לָכֵן֮ כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ אַתֶּם֙ לֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֣ם אֵלַ֔י לִקְרֹ֣א דְר֔וֹר אִ֥ישׁ לְאָחִ֖יו וְאִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵא֩ לָכֶ֨ם דְּר֜וֹר נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־הַחֶ֙רֶב֙ אֶל־הַדֶּ֣בֶר וְאֶל־הָרָעָ֔ב וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ *לזועה **לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord says: «You have not heeded me requiring you to proclaim liberty, each man to his brother and each man to his neighbour. I am about to proclaim liberty to you, says the Lord, to the sword, to pestilence and to famine, and I will deliver you to what will be horrific – to all the kingdoms of the earth. |
what will be horrific: as in Jer 15:4. AV differs (to be removed).
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. proclaim liberty: ironic. |
| Jer 34:18 | וְנָתַתִּ֣י אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָעֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־בְּרִתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הֵקִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרְת֖וּ לְפָנָ֑י הָעֵ֙גֶל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרְת֣וּ לִשְׁנַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ בֵּ֥ין בְּתָרָֽיו׃ | And I will deliver the men who transgressed my covenant – who did not fulfil the words of the covenant which they made in my presence, at the calf which they cut in two, and at which they passed between its parts |
fulfil ← raise; establish.
made ← cut. |
| Jer 34:19 | שָׂרֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֜ה וְשָׂרֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הַסָּֽרִסִים֙ וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וְכֹ֖ל עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ הָעֹ֣בְרִ֔ים בֵּ֖ין בִּתְרֵ֥י הָעֵֽגֶל׃ | – the officials of Judah and the officials of Jerusalem, the eunuchs and the priests and all the people of the land who passed through between the parts of the calf – | |
| Jer 34:20 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י אוֹתָם֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and I will deliver them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of those who seek their life. And their corpses will be food for the birds of the sky and the animals of the land. |
life ← soul.
corpses ← corpse. Collective usage. |
| Jer 34:21 | וְאֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְאֶת־שָׂרָ֗יו אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם וּבְיַד חֵ֚יל מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל הָעֹלִ֖ים מֵעֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I will deliver Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of those who seek their lives and into the hand of the forces of the king of Babylon, which are departing from you. |
lives ← souls.
departing from you ← going up from against you. A temporary withdrawal; see [CB]. |
| Jer 34:22 | הִנְנִ֨י מְצַוֶּ֜ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וַהֲשִׁ֨בֹתִ֜ים אֶל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְנִלְחֲמ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְכָד֖וּהָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֣הָ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יֹשֵֽׁב׃ פ | I am about to give command, says the Lord, and I will bring them back to this city, and they will fight against it and capture it and burn it with fire, and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without leaving an inhabitant.» ’ ” |
I am about to ← behold me.
without leaving ← from not. |
| Jer 35:1 | הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה בִּימֵ֨י יְהוֹיָקִ֧ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֛הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, saying, | came ← became. |
| Jer 35:2 | הָלוֹךְ֮ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָרֵכָבִים֒ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אוֹתָ֔ם וַהֲבִֽאוֹתָם֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־אַחַ֖ת הַלְּשָׁכ֑וֹת וְהִשְׁקִיתָ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם יָֽיִן׃ | “Go to the house of the Rechabites and speak to them and bring them to the house of the Lord, to one of the reception rooms, and give them wine to drink.” | go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Jer 35:3 | וָאֶקַּ֞ח אֶת־יַאֲזַנְיָ֤ה בֶֽן־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־חֲבַצִּנְיָ֔ה וְאֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־בָּנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֥ית הָרֵכָבִֽים׃ | Then I took Jaazaniah, the son of Jeremiah, the son of Habazziniah, and his brothers and all his sons, and the whole house of the Rechabites, | Habazziniah: AV= Habaziniah, ignoring the dagesh forte in the zayin. |
| Jer 35:4 | וָאָבִ֤א אֹתָם֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּ֗ת בְּנֵ֛י חָנָ֥ן בֶּן־יִגְדַּלְיָ֖הוּ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֙צֶל֙ לִשְׁכַּ֣ת הַשָּׂרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִמַּ֗עַל לְלִשְׁכַּ֛ת מַעֲשֵׂיָ֥הוּ בֶן־שַׁלֻּ֖ם שֹׁמֵ֥ר הַסַּֽף׃ | and I brought them to the house of the Lord, to the reception room of the sons of Hanan the son of Igdaliah, the man of God, to the room which was to the side of the office of the officials, which was above the office of Maaseiah the son of Shallum the doorkeeper. | doorkeeper ← threshold-keeper. |
| Jer 35:5 | וָאֶתֵּ֞ן לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ בְּנֵ֣י בֵית־הָרֵכָבִ֗ים גְּבִעִ֛ים מְלֵאִ֥ים יַ֖יִן וְכֹס֑וֹת וָאֹמַ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁתוּ־יָֽיִן׃ | And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pitchers full of wine, and cups, and I said to them, “Drink some wine.” | pitchers: usually goblets, but in view of the cups, presumably a larger item. |
| Jer 35:6 | וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֣א נִשְׁתֶּה־יָּ֑יִן כִּי֩ יוֹנָדָ֨ב בֶּן־רֵכָ֜ב אָבִ֗ינוּ צִוָּ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֧א תִשְׁתּוּ־יַ֛יִן אַתֶּ֥ם וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | But they said, “We will not drink any wine, because Jonadab the son of Rechab our father commanded us and said, ‘You shall not drink wine, neither you, nor your sons, ever. | ever ← up to the age. |
| Jer 35:7 | וּבַ֣יִת לֹֽא־תִבְנ֗וּ וְזֶ֤רַע לֹֽא־תִזְרָ֙עוּ֙ וְכֶ֣רֶם לֹֽא־תִטָּ֔עוּ וְלֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶ֖ה לָכֶ֑ם כִּ֠י בָּאֳהָלִ֤ים תֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ כָּל־יְמֵיכֶ֔ם לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּ יָמִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם גָּרִ֥ים שָֽׁם׃ | And you will not build a house, and you will not sow seed, and you will not plant a vineyard, and you will not have one, for you will live in tents all your days, in order that you may live for many days on the face of the land where you take up residence.’ |
many days: showing that the expression can stand for many years.
land ← ground. |
| Jer 35:8 | וַנִּשְׁמַ֗ע בְּק֨וֹל יְהוֹנָדָ֤ב בֶּן־רֵכָב֙ אָבִ֔ינוּ לְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֑נוּ לְבִלְתִּ֤י שְׁתֽוֹת־יַ֙יִן֙ כָּל־יָמֵ֔ינוּ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ נָשֵׁ֔ינוּ בָּנֵ֖ינוּ וּבְנֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | And we have obeyed Jehonadab the son of Rechab our father in everything he commanded us, not to drink wine for all our days – us, our wives, our sons and our daughters – |
obeyed ← heard the voice of.
Jehonadab: a fuller form of Jonadab. |
| Jer 35:9 | וּלְבִלְתִּ֛י בְּנ֥וֹת בָּתִּ֖ים לְשִׁבְתֵּ֑נוּ וְכֶ֧רֶם וְשָׂדֶ֛ה וָזֶ֖רַע לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־לָּֽנוּ׃ | and not to build houses for us to live in, and that we should not have vineyard or field or sown crops. |
for us to live in ← for our dwelling.
sown crops ← seed. |
| Jer 35:10 | וַנֵּ֖שֶׁב בָּֽאֳהָלִ֑ים וַנִּשְׁמַ֣ע וַנַּ֔עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖נוּ יוֹנָדָ֥ב אָבִֽינוּ׃ | And we have dwelt in tents, and we have obeyed, and we have done everything that Jonadab our father commanded us. | everything ← according to everything. |
| Jer 35:11 | וַיְהִ֗י בַּעֲל֨וֹת נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ אֶל־הָאָרֶץ֒ וַנֹּ֗אמֶר בֹּ֚אוּ וְנָב֣וֹא יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם מִפְּנֵי֙ חֵ֣יל הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֵ֣יל אֲרָ֑ם וַנֵּ֖שֶׁב בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | And it came to pass, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came up to the land, that we said, ‘Come, let us go to Jerusalem, away from the forces of the Chaldeans and away from the forces of Aramaea.’ So we lived in Jerusalem.” | away from (2x): or because of or for fear of, [BDB] p.818 №6. |
| Jer 35:12 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, saying, | came ← became. |
| Jer 35:13 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הָלֹ֤ךְ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּלְיֽוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הֲל֨וֹא תִקְח֥וּ מוּסָ֛ר לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ אֶל־דְּבָרַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Go and say to the men of Judah and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, «Will you not take correction and listen to my words, says the Lord? |
this is what ← thus.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. and listen ← to listen. |
| Jer 35:14 | הוּקַ֡ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוֹנָדָ֣ב בֶּן־רֵ֠כָב אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה אֶת־בָּנָ֜יו לְבִלְתִּ֣י שְׁתֽוֹת־יַ֗יִן וְלֹ֤א שָׁתוּ֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י שָֽׁמְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וְאָ֨נֹכִ֜י דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְדַבֵּ֔ר וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | The words of Jehonadab, the son of Rechab, have been fulfilled, which he commanded his sons, not to drink wine, and they have not drunk it up to this day, for they obeyed the commandment of their father. But I have spoken to you, rising early and speaking, but you have not obeyed me. |
Jehonadab: a fuller form of Jonadab.
obeyed (2x) ← heard. |
| Jer 35:15 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֲלֵיכֶ֣ם אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֣ים ׀ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ים וְשָׁלֹ֣חַ ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר שֻׁבוּ־נָ֡א אִישׁ֩ מִדַּרְכּ֨וֹ הָרָעָ֜ה וְהֵיטִ֣יבוּ מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֗ם וְאַל־תֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לְעָבְדָ֔ם וּשְׁבוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א הִטִּיתֶם֙ אֶֽת־אָזְנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ | And I sent you all my servants, the prophets, rising early and sending them, to say, ‹Turn back, please, each man from his evil way, and see to it that your deeds are good, and do not go after other gods to serve them, and dwell on the land which I have given you and your fathers.› But you have not inclined your ears, and you have not heeded me. |
rising early and sending: infinitives absolute.
land ← ground. ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Jer 35:16 | כִּ֣י הֵקִ֗ימוּ בְּנֵי֙ יְהוֹנָדָ֣ב בֶּן־רֵכָ֔ב אֶת־מִצְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֑ם וְהָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֵלָֽי׃ ס | For the sons of Jehonadab the son of Rechab fulfilled their father's commandment which he commanded them, but this people has not obeyed me, |
Jehonadab: a fuller form of Jonadab.
obeyed ← heard + to. |
| Jer 35:17 | לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֧י מֵבִ֣יא אֶל־יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־יֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם יַ֣עַן דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ וָאֶקְרָ֥א לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עָנֽוּ׃ | which is why this is what the Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‹I am about to bring on Judah and on all the inhabitants of Jerusalem all the trouble which I spoke to them, because I spoke to them but they did not heed it, and I called to them, but they did not answer.› » ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. but (2x): adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 35:18 | וּלְבֵ֨ית הָרֵכָבִ֜ים אָמַ֣ר יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁמַעְתֶּ֔ם עַל־מִצְוַ֖ת יְהוֹנָדָ֣ב אֲבִיכֶ֑ם וַֽתִּשְׁמְרוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺתָ֔יו וַֽתַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃ ס | And Jeremiah said to the house of the Rechabites, “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says: ‘Because you have obeyed the commandment of Jehonadab your father, and you have kept all his commandments, and you have done everything that he commanded you, |
this is what ← thus.
obeyed ← heard + to. Jehonadab: a fuller form of Jonadab. everything ← according to everything. |
| Jer 35:19 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת אִ֜ישׁ לְיוֹנָדָ֧ב בֶּן־רֵכָ֛ב עֹמֵ֥ד לְפָנַ֖י כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ | because of that, this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: «There will not be a man cut off from Jonadab the son of Rechab to stand before me at any time.» ’ ” |
because of that ← therefore.
this is what ← thus. to stand ← standing. at any time ← all the days. |
| Jer 36:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הָרְבִיעִ֔ת לִיהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הָיָ֞ה הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, that this word came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying, | |
| Jer 36:2 | קַח־לְךָ֮ מְגִלַּת־סֵפֶר֒ וְכָתַבְתָּ֣ אֵלֶ֗יהָ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֧רְתִּי אֵלֶ֛יךָ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְעַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם מִיּ֞וֹם דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ מִימֵ֣י יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ וְעַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | “Get yourself a book scroll and write in it all the words which I have spoken to you concerning Israel and concerning Judah, and concerning all the nations, from the day when I spoke to you, in the days of Josiah up to this day. | |
| Jer 36:3 | אוּלַ֤י יִשְׁמְעוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י חֹשֵׁ֖ב לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָהֶ֑ם לְמַ֣עַן יָשׁ֗וּבוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָרָעָ֔ה וְסָלַחְתִּ֥י לַעֲוֺנָ֖ם וּלְחַטָּאתָֽם׃ ס | Perhaps the house of Judah will pay heed to all the trouble which I am considering to do to them, in order that they turn back, each from his evil way, so that I pardon their iniquity and their sin.” | |
| Jer 36:4 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ אֶת־בָּר֖וּךְ בֶּן־נֵֽרִיָּ֑ה וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב בָּר֜וּךְ מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ אֵ֣ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלָ֖יו עַל־מְגִלַּת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | At this Jeremiah called for Baruch the son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote on the book scroll from Jeremiah's dictation all the words of the Lord which he had spoken to him. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
dictation ← mouth. |
| Jer 36:5 | וַיְצַוֶּ֣ה יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ אֶת־בָּר֖וּךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲנִ֣י עָצ֔וּר לֹ֣א אוּכַ֔ל לָב֖וֹא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jeremiah commanded Baruch and said, “I am under arrest; I cannot go to the house of the Lord. | under arrest ← shut up. |
| Jer 36:6 | וּבָאתָ֣ אַתָּ֡ה וְקָרָ֣אתָ בַמְּגִלָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־כָּתַֽבְתָּ־מִפִּי֩ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה בְּאָזְנֵ֥י הָעָ֛ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה בְּי֣וֹם צ֑וֹם וְגַ֨ם בְּאָזְנֵ֧י כָל־יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבָּאִ֥ים מֵעָרֵיהֶ֖ם תִּקְרָאֵֽם׃ | So you go and read from the scroll which you have written from my dictation; read the words of the Lord in the hearing of the people in the house of the Lord, on a day of fasting, and also read them in the hearing of all of Judah who come from their cities. |
from the scroll ← in the scroll. Similarly throughout the chapter. Compare Dan 5:3.
dictation ← mouth. hearing (2x) ← ears. |
| Jer 36:7 | אוּלַ֞י תִּפֹּ֤ל תְּחִנָּתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְיָשֻׁ֕בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָרָעָ֑ה כִּֽי־גָד֤וֹל הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Perhaps their supplication will fall before the Lord, and they will turn back, each man from his evil way, for great is the anger and fury which the Lord has pronounced on this people.” | |
| Jer 36:8 | וַיַּ֗עַשׂ בָּרוּךְ֙ בֶּן־נֵ֣רִיָּ֔ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖הוּ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא לִקְרֹ֥א בַסֵּ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהֹוָֽה׃ ס | And Baruch the son of Neriah did everything that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him – to read the words of the Lord from the book in the house of the Lord. | everything ← according to everything. |
| Jer 36:9 | וַיְהִ֣י בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַ֠חֲמִשִׁית לִיהוֹיָקִ֨ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁעִ֔י קָרְא֨וּ צ֜וֹם לִפְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַבָּאִ֛ים מֵעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, in the ninth month, that all the people in Jerusalem, and all the people who had come from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem, proclaimed a fast before the Lord. | |
| Jer 36:10 | וַיִּקְרָ֨א בָר֥וּךְ בַּסֵּ֛פֶר אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּלִשְׁכַּ֡ת גְּמַרְיָהוּ֩ בֶן־שָׁפָ֨ן הַסֹּפֵ֜ר בֶּחָצֵ֣ר הָעֶלְי֗וֹן פֶּ֣תַח שַׁ֤עַר בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ הֶֽחָדָ֔שׁ בְּאָזְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָעָֽם׃ | And Baruch read from the book the words of Jeremiah, in the house of the Lord, in the office of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the upper courtyard at the entrance of the New Gate of the house of the Lord, in the hearing of all the people. | hearing ← ears. |
| Jer 36:11 | וַ֠יִּשְׁמַ֗ע מִכָ֨יְהוּ בֶן־גְּמַרְיָ֧הוּ בֶן־שָׁפָ֛ן אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל הַסֵּֽפֶר׃ | And when Micaiah, the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the Lord from the book, | Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah for this name. |
| Jer 36:12 | וַיֵּ֤רֶד בֵּית־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־לִשְׁכַּ֣ת הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְהִ֨נֵּה־שָׁ֔ם כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים יֽוֹשְׁבִ֑ים אֱלִישָׁמָ֣ע הַסֹּפֵ֡ר וּדְלָיָ֣הוּ בֶן־שְׁ֠מַעְיָהוּ וְאֶלְנָתָ֨ן בֶּן־עַכְבּ֜וֹר וּגְמַרְיָ֧הוּ בֶן־שָׁפָ֛ן וְצִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־חֲנַנְיָ֖הוּ וְכָל־הַשָּׂרִֽים׃ | he went down to the king's house, to the scribe's office, and he found all the officials sitting there – Elishama the scribe and Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan the son of Achbor, and Gemariah the son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the officials. | and he found ← and behold. |
| Jer 36:13 | וַיַּגֵּ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מִכָ֔יְהוּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמֵ֑עַ בִּקְרֹ֥א בָר֛וּךְ בַּסֵּ֖פֶר בְּאָזְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And Micaiah told them all the words which he had heard when Baruch read from the book in the hearing of the people. |
Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah for this name.
hearing ← ears. |
| Jer 36:14 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ כָל־הַשָּׂרִ֜ים אֶל־בָּר֗וּךְ אֶת־יְהוּדִ֡י בֶּן־נְ֠תַנְיָהוּ בֶּן־שֶׁלֶמְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־כּוּשִׁי֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַמְּגִלָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָרָ֤אתָ בָּהּ֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם קָחֶ֥נָּה בְיָדְךָ֖ וָלֵ֑ךְ וַ֠יִּקַּח בָּר֨וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּ֤הוּ אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And all the officials sent Jehudi, the son of Nethaniah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, to Baruch to say, “Take in your hand the scroll from which you read in the hearing of the people, and come here with it.” So Baruch the son of Neriah took the scroll in his hand and came to them. | hearing ← ears. |
| Jer 36:15 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו שֵׁ֣ב נָ֔א וּקְרָאֶ֖נָּה בְּאָזְנֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּקְרָ֥א בָר֖וּךְ בְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they said to him, “Please sit down and read it in our hearing.” So Baruch read it in their hearing. | hearing (2x) ← ears. |
| Jer 36:16 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּשָׁמְעָם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים פָּחֲד֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־בָּר֔וּךְ הַגֵּ֤יד נַגִּיד֙ לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And it came to pass, when they heard all the words, that each was afraid, staring at his neighbour, and they said to Baruch, “We will certainly tell the king all these words.” | we will certainly tell: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 36:17 | וְאֶ֨ת־בָּר֔וּךְ שָׁאֲל֖וּ לֵאמֹ֑ר הַגֶּד־נָ֣א לָ֔נוּ אֵ֗יךְ כָּתַ֛בְתָּ אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִפִּֽיו׃ | And they inquired of Baruch and said, “Please tell us how it was that you came to write all these words at his dictation.” | dictation ← mouth. |
| Jer 36:18 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ בָּר֔וּךְ מִפִּיו֙ יִקְרָ֣א אֵלַ֔י אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַאֲנִ֛י כֹּתֵ֥ב עַל־הַסֵּ֖פֶר בַּדְּיֽוֹ׃ פ | And Baruch said to them, “He dictated all these words to me, while I wrote them in the book in ink.” | dictated ← called from his mouth. |
| Jer 36:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַשָּׂרִים֙ אֶל־בָּר֔וּךְ לֵ֥ךְ הִסָּתֵ֖ר אַתָּ֣ה וְיִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אַל־יֵדַ֖ע אֵיפֹ֥ה אַתֶּֽם׃ | Then the officials said to Baruch, “Go and hide yourself, you and Jeremiah, and let no man know where you are.” | |
| Jer 36:20 | וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ חָצֵ֔רָה וְאֶת־הַמְּגִלָּ֣ה הִפְקִ֔דוּ בְּלִשְׁכַּ֖ת אֱלִישָׁמָ֣ע הַסֹּפֵ֑ר וַיַּגִּ֙ידוּ֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִֽים׃ | And they went to the king in the courtyard, but they deposited the scroll in the office of Elishama the scribe, and they related all the words in the king's hearing. |
in the courtyard ← to the courtyard.
hearing ← ears. |
| Jer 36:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־יְהוּדִ֗י לָקַ֙חַת֙ אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּ֔ה וַיִּ֨קָּחֶ֔הָ מִלִּשְׁכַּ֖ת אֱלִישָׁמָ֣ע הַסֹּפֵ֑ר וַיִּקְרָאֶ֤הָ יְהוּדִי֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּבְאָזְנֵי֙ כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֔ים הָעֹמְדִ֖ים מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then the king sent Jehudi to fetch the scroll, and he fetched it from the office of Elishama the scribe, and Jehudi read it in the king's hearing and in the hearing of all the officials who were standing around the king. |
hearing (2x) ← ears.
around ← over. |
| Jer 36:22 | וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ יוֹשֵׁב֙ בֵּ֣ית הַחֹ֔רֶף בַּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִ֑י וְאֶת־הָאָ֖ח לְפָנָ֥יו מְבֹעָֽרֶת׃ | Now the king was sitting in the winter house in the ninth month, and the fire in the hearth in front of him was burning. | |
| Jer 36:23 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּקְר֣וֹא יְהוּדִ֗י שָׁלֹ֣שׁ דְּלָתוֹת֮ וְאַרְבָּעָה֒ יִֽקְרָעֶ֙הָ֙ בְּתַ֣עַר הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְהַשְׁלֵ֕ךְ אֶל־הָאֵ֖שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶל־הָאָ֑ח עַד־תֹּם֙ כָּל־הַמְּגִלָּ֔ה עַל־הָאֵ֖שׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽח׃ | And it came to pass, when Jehudi had read three or four columns, that the king cut it up with the scribe's penknife, and he threw it into the fire which was in the hearth, until the whole scroll was consumed in the fire which was in the hearth. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav, here in an affirmative sentence.
penknife: used for shaping the nib of a reed pen. threw: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 36:24 | וְלֹ֣א פָחֲד֔וּ וְלֹ֥א קָרְע֖וּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵיהֶ֑ם הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הַשֹּׁ֣מְעִ֔ים אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And they were not afraid, and they did not tear their clothes – neither the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words. | any ← all. |
| Jer 36:25 | וְגַם֩ אֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּדְלָיָ֤הוּ וּגְמַרְיָ֙הוּ֙ הִפְגִּ֣עוּ בַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְבִלְתִּ֥י שְׂרֹ֖ף אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | But Elnathan, and Delaiah and Gemariah as well appealed to the king not to burn the scroll, but he did not heed them. | |
| Jer 36:26 | וַיְצַוֶּ֣ה הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־יְרַחְמְאֵ֨ל בֶּן־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וְאֶת־שְׂרָיָ֣הוּ בֶן־עַזְרִיאֵ֗ל וְאֶת־שֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּֽן־עַבְדְּאֵ֔ל לָקַ֙חַת֙ אֶת־בָּר֣וּךְ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא וַיַּסְתִּרֵ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And the king commanded Jerahmeel the king's son, and Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet. But the Lord had hidden them. |
Jerahmeel: an accurate transliteration, unlike some other AV names ending in -eel.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 36:27 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ שְׂרֹ֣ף הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּה֙ וְאֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר כָּתַ֥ב בָּר֛וּךְ מִפִּ֥י יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah after the king had burnt the scroll and the words which Baruch had written at Jeremiah's dictation, and it said, |
came ← became.
dictation ← mouth. |
| Jer 36:28 | שׁ֥וּב קַח־לְךָ֖ מְגִלָּ֣ה אַחֶ֑רֶת וּכְתֹ֣ב עָלֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֗וּ עַל־הַמְּגִלָּה֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂרַ֖ף יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | “Act again, get yourself another scroll and write on it all the former words which were on the first scroll, which Jehoiakim king of Judah burnt. | |
| Jer 36:29 | וְעַל־יְהוֹיָקִ֤ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ תֹּאמַ֔ר כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אַ֠תָּה שָׂרַ֜פְתָּ אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַדּוּעַ֩ כָּתַ֨בְתָּ עָלֶ֜יהָ לֵאמֹ֗ר בֹּֽא־יָב֤וֹא מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ וְהִשְׁחִית֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וְהִשְׁבִּ֥ית מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ ס | And you will say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, ‘This is what the Lord says: «You burnt this scroll and said, ‹Why have you written on it, saying, "The king of Babylon will certainly come and bring this land to ruin, and he will remove man and beast from it"?› » |
this is what ← thus.
will certainly come: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 36:30 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עַל־יְהֽוֹיָקִים֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה לֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ יוֹשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֑ד וְנִבְלָתוֹ֙ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה מֻשְׁלֶ֔כֶת לַחֹ֥רֶב בַּיּ֖וֹם וְלַקֶּ֥רַח בַּלָּֽיְלָה׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: «He will not have anyone sitting on the throne of David, and his corpse will be thrown to the heat by day, and to the icy cold by night. |
this is what ← thus.
icy cold ← ice. |
| Jer 36:31 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עָלָ֧יו וְעַל־זַרְע֛וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶת־עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י עֲ֠לֵיהֶם וְעַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וְאֶל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֧ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ ס | And I will visit him and his seed, and his servants, for their iniquity, and I will bring on them and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem and on the men of Judah all the trouble which I spoke to them but which they would not hear.» ’ ” | |
| Jer 36:32 | וְיִרְמְיָ֜הוּ לָקַ֣ח ׀ מְגִלָּ֣ה אַחֶ֗רֶת וַֽיִּתְּנָהּ֮ אֶל־בָּר֣וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּהוּ֮ הַסֹּפֵר֒ וַיִּכְתֹּ֤ב עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂרַ֛ף יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וְע֨וֹד נוֹסַ֧ף עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם דְּבָרִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים כָּהֵֽמָּה׃ ס | So Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the son of Neriah, the scribe, and he wrote on it at Jeremiah's dictation all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burnt in the fire. And there were added to them many more words like those. | dictation ← mouth. |
| Jer 37:1 | וַיִּ֨מְלָךְ־מֶ֔לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בֶּן־יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ תַּ֗חַת כָּנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִמְלִ֛יךְ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And King Zedekiah, the son of Josiah, reigned instead of Coniah the son of Jehoiakim, whom Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had made king in the land of Judah. | |
| Jer 37:2 | וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֛ע ה֥וּא וַעֲבָדָ֖יו וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | But neither he nor his servants nor the people of the land heeded the words of the Lord which he spoke through the intermediacy of Jeremiah the prophet. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Jer 37:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֜הוּ אֶת־יְהוּכַ֣ל בֶּן־שֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֗ה וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹ֑ר הִתְפַּלֶּל־נָ֣א בַעֲדֵ֔נוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And King Zedekiah sent Jehucal the son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest to Jeremiah the prophet to say, “Please pray to the Lord our God for us.” | |
| Jer 37:4 | וְיִרְמְיָ֕הוּ בָּ֥א וְיֹצֵ֖א בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נָתְנ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בֵּ֥ית *הכליא **הַכְּלֽוּא׃ | Meanwhile Jeremiah was going in and out among the people, for they had not put him in prison. |
prison: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
meanwhile ... for: wider uses of the vav. |
| Jer 37:5 | וְחֵ֥יל פַּרְעֹ֖ה יָצָ֣א מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֜ים הַצָּרִ֤ים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֔ם וַיֵּ֣עָל֔וּ מֵעַ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | And Pharaoh's forces came out from Egypt, and when the Chaldeans who were besieging Jerusalem heard the report about them, they raised the siege on Jerusalem. |
the report about them ← their report, an objective genitive (subjective would be the report they gave, but there is no antecedent to they).
raised ← took themselves up (niphal) from at. Compare Jer 21:2. |
| Jer 37:6 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying, | came ← became. |
| Jer 37:7 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֹּ֤ה תֹֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה הַשֹּׁלֵ֧חַ אֶתְכֶ֛ם אֵלַ֖י לְדָרְשֵׁ֑נִי הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֗ה הַיֹּצֵ֤א לָכֶם֙ לְעֶזְרָ֔ה שָׁ֥ב לְאַרְצ֖וֹ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘This is what you will say to the king of Judah who sent you to me to inquire of me: «Look, Pharaoh's forces which came out as help for you will return to their land, Egypt, |
this is what (2x) ← thus.
sent you: the you is plural. |
| Jer 37:8 | וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וְנִלְחֲמ֖וּ עַל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וּלְכָדֻ֖הָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֥הָ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | and the Chaldeans will return, and they will fight against this city, and they will capture it and burn it with fire. | |
| Jer 37:9 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־תַּשִּׁ֤אוּ נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָלֹ֛ךְ יֵלְכ֥וּ מֵעָלֵ֖ינוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כִּי־לֹ֖א יֵלֵֽכוּ׃ | This is what the Lord says: ‹Do not deceive yourselves, saying, "The Chaldeans will certainly go away from us", for they will not go. |
this is what ← thus.
yourselves ← your souls. will certainly go away: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 37:10 | כִּ֣י אִם־הִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־חֵ֤יל כַּשְׂדִּים֙ הַנִּלְחָמִ֣ים אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְנִ֨שְׁאֲרוּ בָ֔ם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְדֻקָּרִ֑ים אִ֤ישׁ בְּאָהֳלוֹ֙ יָק֔וּמוּ וְשָֽׂרְפ֛וּ אֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | For even if you were to strike down all the forces of the Chaldeans who are fighting you, and there remained among them men thrusted through, each one in his tent would arise and burn this city with fire.› » ’ ” | |
| Jer 37:11 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּהֵֽעָלוֹת֙ חֵ֣יל הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים מֵעַ֖ל יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם מִפְּנֵ֖י חֵ֥יל פַּרְעֹֽה׃ ס | And it came to pass, when the Chaldeans raised the siege on Jerusalem, because of Pharaoh's forces, | raised the siege: see Jer 21:2, Jer 37:5. Here niphal, as in Jer 37:5. |
| Jer 37:12 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לָלֶ֖כֶת אֶ֣רֶץ בִּנְיָמִ֑ן לַחֲלִ֥ק מִשָּׁ֖ם בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ | that Jeremiah went out of Jerusalem to go to the land of Benjamin to have land apportioned to him there among the people. |
to have ... apportioned to him: contracted hiphil. AV differs (to separate himself).
there ← from there. |
| Jer 37:13 | וַיְהִי־ה֞וּא בְּשַׁ֣עַר בִּנְיָמִ֗ן וְשָׁם֙ בַּ֣עַל פְּקִדֻ֔ת וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יִרְאִיָּ֔יה בֶּן־שֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חֲנַנְיָ֑ה וַיִּתְפֹּ֞שׂ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֤הוּ הַנָּבִיא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֖ים אַתָּ֥ה נֹפֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass, when he was at Benjamin's Gate, that an officer of the guard was there, whose name was Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah, and he seized Jeremiah the prophet and said, “You are a defector to the Chaldeans.” | |
| Jer 37:14 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֜הוּ שֶׁ֗קֶר אֵינֶ֤נִּי נֹפֵל֙ עַל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּתְפֹּ֤שׂ יִרְאִיָּיה֙ בְּיִרְמְיָ֔הוּ וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ אֶל־הַשָּׂרִֽים׃ | And Jeremiah said, “That is false. I am not a defector to the Chaldeans.” But Irijah did not take any notice of him, and he seized Jeremiah and brought him to the officials. |
Irijah did not ... he seized ← he did not ... Irijah seized.
take any notice of ← hear to. |
| Jer 37:15 | וַיִּקְצְפ֧וּ הַשָּׂרִ֛ים עַֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ וְהִכּ֣וּ אֹת֑וֹ וְנָתְנ֨וּ אוֹת֜וֹ בֵּ֣ית הָאֵס֗וּר בֵּ֚ית יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֔ר כִּֽי־אֹת֥וֹ עָשׂ֖וּ לְבֵ֥ית הַכֶּֽלֶא׃ | And the officials were angry with Jeremiah, and they beat him and put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe, for they had made that the prison. | that ← it. |
| Jer 37:16 | כִּ֣י בָ֧א יִרְמְיָ֛הוּ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית הַבּ֖וֹר וְאֶל־הַֽחֲנֻ֑יוֹת וַיֵּֽשֶׁב־שָׁ֥ם יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ פ | So Jeremiah went into the dungeon, and into the vaults. And Jeremiah remained there for many days. | dungeon ← house of the pit. |
| Jer 37:17 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֜הוּ וַיִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֨הוּ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ בְּבֵיתוֹ֙ בַּסֵּ֔תֶר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲיֵ֥שׁ דָּבָ֖ר מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ יֵ֔שׁ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּיַ֥ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל תִּנָּתֵֽן׃ ס | Then King Zedekiah sent for him and took him out, and the king questioned him in his house in secret and asked, “Is there any word from the Lord?” And Jeremiah said, “There is.” And he said, “You will be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon.” | |
| Jer 37:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֑הוּ מֶה֩ חָטָ֨אתִֽי לְךָ֤ וְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־נְתַתֶּ֥ם אוֹתִ֖י אֶל־בֵּ֥ית הַכֶּֽלֶא׃ | Then Jeremiah said to King Zedekiah, “In what way have I sinned against you, or against your servants, or against this people, that you should have put me in prison? |
against you: the you is singular.
you should have put: the you is plural. |
| Jer 37:19 | *ואיו **וְאַיֵּה֙ נְבִ֣יאֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נִבְּא֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־יָבֹ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְעַ֖ל הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And where are your prophets who prophesied to you and said, ‘The king of Babylon will not come against you or against this land’? |
where: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
your ... you ... you: plural. |
| Jer 37:20 | וְעַתָּ֕ה שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֖א אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ תִּפָּל־נָ֤א תְחִנָּתִי֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַל־תְּשִׁבֵ֗נִי בֵּ֚ית יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְלֹ֥א אָמ֖וּת שָֽׁם׃ | So now, my lord the king, please listen; do let my appeal be welcomed, and do not send me back to the house of Jonathan the scribe, so that I do not die there.” |
be welcomed ← fall to your face.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Jer 37:21 | וַיְצַוֶּ֞ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֗הוּ וַיַּפְקִ֣דוּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָהוּ֮ בַּחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָה֒ וְנָתֹן֩ ל֨וֹ כִכַּר־לֶ֤חֶם לַיּוֹם֙ מִח֣וּץ הָאֹפִ֔ים עַד־תֹּ֥ם כָּל־הַלֶּ֖חֶם מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ בַּחֲצַ֖ר הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ | But King Zedekiah gave command that they consign Jeremiah to the prison enclosure and give him a round loaf of bread per day from the bakers' street until all the bread in the city was used up. So Jeremiah remained in the prison enclosure. |
that: purposive use of the vav.
give: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Jer 38:1 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע שְׁפַטְיָ֣ה בֶן־מַתָּ֗ן וּגְדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־פַּשְׁח֔וּר וְיוּכַל֙ בֶּן־שֶׁ֣לֶמְיָ֔הוּ וּפַשְׁח֖וּר בֶּן־מַלְכִּיָּ֑ה אֶ֨ת־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר יִרְמְיָ֛הוּ מְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | Now Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchijah heard the words which Jeremiah spoke to all the people, when he said, |
Pashhur (2x): see Jer 20:1.
Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1. |
| Jer 38:2 | כֹּה֮ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את יָמ֕וּת בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וְהַיֹּצֵ֤א אֶל־הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙ *יחיה **וְחָיָ֔ה וְהָיְתָה־לּ֥וֹ נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לְשָׁלָ֖ל וָחָֽי׃ ס | “This is what the Lord says: ‘He who remains in this city will die by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence. But he who goes out to the Chaldeans will live, and his life will be his spoil, and he will live.’ |
will live: the vav in the qeré acts as a correlative to he who. The ketiv is a plain future.
this is what ← thus. life ← soul. |
| Jer 38:3 | כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הִנָּתֹ֨ן תִּנָּתֵ֜ן הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֗את בְּיַ֛ד חֵ֥יל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּלְכָדָֽהּ׃ | This is what the Lord says: ‘This city will certainly be delivered into the hand of the forces of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
will certainly be delivered: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 38:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הַשָּׂרִ֜ים אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ י֣וּמַת נָא֮ אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּה֒ כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֡ן הֽוּא־מְרַפֵּ֡א אֶת־יְדֵי֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים ׀ בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֗את וְאֵת֙ יְדֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֗ה אֵינֶ֨נּוּ דֹרֵ֧שׁ לְשָׁל֛וֹם לָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה כִּ֥י אִם־לְרָעָֽה׃ | At this the officials said to the king, “Do have this man put to death, for in this way he is weakening the resolve of the warriors who remain in this city, and the resolve of all the people by speaking such words to them, for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their detriment.” |
in this way ← therefore, but with wider scope.
resolve (2x) ← hands. by speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. welfare ← peace. |
| Jer 38:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ הִנֵּה־ה֖וּא בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יוּכַ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ | Then King Zedekiah said, “Look, he is in your hands, for the king will not impose anything on you.” |
hands ← hand.
impose ← prevail. |
| Jer 38:6 | וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֨כוּ אֹת֜וֹ אֶל־הַבּ֣וֹר ׀ מַלְכִּיָּ֣הוּ בֶן־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר֙ בַּחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָ֔ה וַיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בַּחֲבָלִ֑ים וּבַבּ֤וֹר אֵֽין־מַ֙יִם֙ כִּ֣י אִם־טִ֔יט וַיִּטְבַּ֥ע יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בַּטִּֽיט׃ ס | And they took Jeremiah, and they threw him into the pit of Malchijah the king's son, which is in the prison courtyard, and they let Jeremiah down with ropes. Now there wasn't water in the pit, but mud, and Jeremiah sank in the mud. |
Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1.
the king's son: AV differs (Hammelech), taking the word as a proper noun. |
| Jer 38:7 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֡ע עֶֽבֶד־מֶ֨לֶךְ הַכּוּשִׁ֜י אִ֣ישׁ סָרִ֗יס וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־נָתְנ֥וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־הַבּ֑וֹר וְהַמֶּ֥לֶךְ יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּשַׁ֥עַר בִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | Then when Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian, a eunuch in the king's house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the pit, while the king was sitting at Benjamin's Gate, | |
| Jer 38:8 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א עֶֽבֶד־מֶ֖לֶךְ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Ebed-Melech went out of the king's house and spoke to the king and said, | |
| Jer 38:9 | אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הֵרֵ֜עוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְיִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ אֶל־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיָּ֤מָת תַּחְתָּיו֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ב כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַלֶּ֛חֶם ע֖וֹד בָּעִֽיר׃ | “My lord the king, these men have done wrong with everything they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, in that they have thrown him into the pit, and he will die where he is because of the famine, for there is no bread in the city any more.” |
he will die ← and he died, but serving as an unreal condition.
where he is ← in his place / under himself. bread ← the bread. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Jer 38:10 | וַיְצַוֶּ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֛ת עֶֽבֶד־מֶ֥לֶךְ הַכּוּשִׁ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר קַ֣ח בְּיָדְךָ֤ מִזֶּה֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְֽהַעֲלִ֜יתָ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֧הוּ הַנָּבִ֛יא מִן־הַבּ֖וֹר בְּטֶ֥רֶם יָמֽוּת׃ | Then the king commanded Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian and said, “Take under your authority from here thirty men, and lift Jeremiah the prophet out of the pit before he dies.” | under your authority ← in your hand. |
| Jer 38:11 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח ׀ עֶֽבֶד־מֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיָּבֹ֤א בֵית־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־תַּ֣חַת הָאוֹצָ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מִשָּׁם֙ בְּלוֹיֵ֣ *הסחבות **סְחָב֔וֹת וּבְלוֹיֵ֖ מְלָחִ֑ים וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֧ם אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֛הוּ אֶל־הַבּ֖וֹר בַּחֲבָלִֽים׃ | So Ebed-Melech took the men under his authority and went to the king's house under the treasury, and he took from there worn-out threadbare clothes and worn-out decayed garments, and he let them down by ropes into the pit to Jeremiah. |
threadbare clothes: the ketiv has an unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
under his authority ← in his hand. |
| Jer 38:12 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר עֶבֶד־מֶ֨לֶךְ הַכּוּשִׁ֜י אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ שִׂ֣ים נָ֠א בְּלוֹאֵ֨י הַסְּחָב֤וֹת וְהַמְּלָחִים֙ תַּ֚חַת אַצִּל֣וֹת יָדֶ֔יךָ מִתַּ֖חַת לַחֲבָלִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ כֵּֽן׃ | And Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian said to Jeremiah, “Please put these worn-out threadbare and decayed clothes under your armpits, under the ropes.” And Jeremiah did so. | under the ropes: perhaps the ropes had loops for the arms, and the old clothes were to protect the shoulders under the ropes there. |
| Jer 38:13 | וַיִּמְשְׁכ֤וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽחֲבָלִ֔ים וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ מִן־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ בַּחֲצַ֖ר הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ ס | And they pulled Jeremiah up by the cords and lifted him out of the pit. And Jeremiah remained in the prison courtyard. | |
| Jer 38:14 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֗הוּ וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֤הוּ הַנָּבִיא֙ אֵלָ֔יו אֶל־מָבוֹא֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ שֹׁאֵ֨ל אֲנִ֤י אֹֽתְךָ֙ דָּבָ֔ר אַל־תְּכַחֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נִּי דָּבָֽר׃ | Then King Zedekiah sent men and had Jeremiah the prophet come to him, at the third entrance to the house of the Lord, and the king said to Jeremiah, “I am about to ask you something. Do not conceal anything from me.” | had ... come ← took. |
| Jer 38:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ כִּ֚י אַגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ הֲל֖וֹא הָמֵ֣ת תְּמִיתֵ֑נִי וְכִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִשְׁמַ֖ע אֵלָֽי׃ | And Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “If I tell you, will you not make a point of putting me to death? And if I advise you, you won't heed me.” | make a point of putting me to death: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 38:16 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֞ע הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֛הוּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֞ה *את אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂה־לָ֨נוּ אֶת־הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַזֹּאת֙ אִם־אֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְאִם־אֶתֶּנְךָ֗ בְּיַד֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ ס | At this, King Zedekiah swore in secret to Jeremiah and said, “As the Lord lives, who gave this life, I certainly will not put you to death or deliver you into the hand of these men who seek your life.” |
who: the ketiv has an extra particle, perhaps strengthening the oath.
at this: wider use of the vav. gave ← made. life (2x) ← soul. I certainly will not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Jer 38:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ אֶל־צִדְקִיָּ֡הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אִם־יָצֹ֨א תֵצֵ֜א אֶל־שָׂרֵ֤י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ וְחָיְתָ֣ה נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ וְהָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את לֹ֥א תִשָּׂרֵ֖ף בָּאֵ֑שׁ וְחָיִ֖תָה אַתָּ֥ה וּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃ | Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “This is what the Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you single-mindedly go out to the officials of the king of Babylon, then you yourself will live, and this city will not be burned by fire, and you and your household will live. |
this is what ← thus.
single-mindedly go out: infinitive absolute. you yourself ← your soul. |
| Jer 38:18 | וְאִ֣ם לֹֽא־תֵצֵ֗א אֶל־שָׂרֵי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וְנִתְּנָ֞ה הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ בְּיַ֣ד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וּשְׂרָפ֖וּהָ בָּאֵ֑שׁ וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹֽא־תִמָּלֵ֥ט מִיָּדָֽם׃ ס | But if you do not go out to the officials of the king of Babylon, then this city will be delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans, and they will burn it with fire, and you will not escape from their hands.’ ” | hands (2x) ← hand. |
| Jer 38:19 | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ אֲנִ֧י דֹאֵ֣ג אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽפְלוּ֙ אֶל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים פֶּֽן־יִתְּנ֥וּ אֹתִ֛י בְּיָדָ֖ם וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִֽי׃ פ | Then King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “I am uneasy about the Jews who have defected to the Chaldeans – that they will deliver me into their hands, and that they will maltreat me.” | hands ← hand. |
| Jer 38:20 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ לֹ֣א יִתֵּ֑נוּ שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֣א ׀ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֗ה לַאֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ דֹּבֵ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְיִ֥יטַב לְךָ֖ וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | And Jeremiah said, “They will not deliver you. Please listen to the voice of the Lord which I am speaking to you, for things to go well with you, and so that you yourself will live. |
for things to go well ← and it will be good.
you yourself ← your soul. |
| Jer 38:21 | וְאִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לָצֵ֑את זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִרְאַ֖נִי יְהוָֽה׃ | But if you refuse to go out, this is the scenario which the Lord has shown me, | scenario ← word, thing. |
| Jer 38:22 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה כָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁאֲרוּ֙ בְּבֵ֣ית מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה מוּצָא֕וֹת אֶל־שָׂרֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וְהֵ֣נָּה אֹמְר֗וֹת הִסִּית֜וּךָ וְיָכְל֤וּ לְךָ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֔ךָ הָטְבְּע֥וּ בַבֹּ֛ץ רַגְלֶ֖ךָ נָסֹ֥גוּ אָחֽוֹר׃ |
as follows: all the women who remained in the king of Judah's house were brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon, and there the women were, saying,
‘The men who were well-disposed to you Misled you and won you over, And your feet have sunk in the mire. They have slidden back.’ |
as follows ... and there the women were ← and behold ... and behold, followed by a feminine verb.
well-disposed to you ← of your peace. have sunk ← have been made to sink. they: the reference could be to feet or the men. |
| Jer 38:23 | וְאֶת־כָּל־נָשֶׁ֣יךָ וְאֶת־בָּנֶ֗יךָ מֽוֹצִאִים֙ אֶל־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹא־תִמָּלֵ֣ט מִיָּדָ֑ם כִּ֣י בְיַ֤ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ תִּתָּפֵ֔שׂ וְאֶת־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את תִּשְׂרֹ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ פ | And the men were bringing out all your wives and your sons to the Chaldeans. So you will not escape from their hands, for you will be seized by the hand of the king of Babylon, and you will, in effect, burn this city with fire.” |
you will, in effect, burn: possibly it (the hand of the king of Babylon) will burn, or even, despite the אֶת, re-pointing to תִּשָּׂרֵף, niphal, the city will be burnt.
hands ← hand. |
| Jer 38:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר צִדְקִיָּ֜הוּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ אִ֛ישׁ אַל־יֵדַ֥ע בַּדְּבָֽרִים־הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְלֹ֥א תָמֽוּת׃ | Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “Let no man know about these words, and you will not die. | |
| Jer 38:25 | וְכִֽי־יִשְׁמְע֣וּ הַשָּׂרִים֮ כִּֽי־דִבַּ֣רְתִּי אִתָּךְ֒ וּבָ֣אוּ אֵלֶ֣יךָ וְֽאָמְר֪וּ אֵלֶ֟יךָ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֨א לָ֜נוּ מַה־דִּבַּ֧רְתָּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וְלֹ֣א נְמִיתֶ֑ךָ וּמַה־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | But if the officials hear that I have spoken with you, or they come to you and say to you, ‘Please tell us what you have said to the king. Do not withhold anything from us, and we will not put you to death, and tell us what the king has said to you’, | |
| Jer 38:26 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מַפִּיל־אֲנִ֥י תְחִנָּתִ֖י לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ לְבִלְתִּ֧י הֲשִׁיבֵ֛נִי בֵּ֥ית יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן לָמ֥וּת שָֽׁם׃ פ | then you will say to them, ‘I made supplication before the king that he should not send me back to Jonathan's house to die there.’ ” | |
| Jer 38:27 | וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ כָל־הַשָּׂרִ֤ים אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ וַיַּגֵּ֤ד לָהֶם֙ כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּחֲרִ֣שׁוּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֖ע הַדָּבָֽר׃ פ | And all the officials came to Jeremiah and questioned him, and he told them all these words which the king had commanded him, and they desisted from him, for the matter was not adverted to. |
all ← according to all.
adverted to ← heard. |
| Jer 38:28 | וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ בַּחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָ֔ה עַד־י֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נִלְכְּדָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם ס וְהָיָ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִלְכְּדָ֖ה יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | And Jeremiah remained in the enclosure of the prison until the day when Jerusalem was captured, and he was there when Jerusalem was captured. | |
| Jer 39:1 | בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַ֠תְּשִׁעִית לְצִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂרִ֗י בָּ֠א נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֤ל וְכָל־חֵילוֹ֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ ס | In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came with all his forces to Jerusalem, and they besieged it. | |
| Jer 39:2 | בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ לְצִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִ֖י בְּתִשְׁעָ֣ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָבְקְעָ֖ה הָעִֽיר׃ | In the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the city was breached. | |
| Jer 39:3 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ כֹּ֚ל שָׂרֵ֣י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַתָּ֑וֶךְ נֵרְגַ֣ל שַׂר־אֶ֠צֶר סַֽמְגַּר־נְב֞וּ שַׂר־סְכִ֣ים רַב־סָרִ֗יס נֵרְגַ֤ל שַׂר־אֶ֙צֶר֙ רַב־מָ֔ג וְכָל־שְׁאֵרִ֔ית שָׂרֵ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | And all the king of Babylon's officials came and sat at the Middle Gate: Nergal-Sarezer, Samgar-Nebo, Sar-Sechim the chief eunuch, Nergal-Sarezer the chief magus and all the rest of the king of Babylon's officials. |
Nergal-Sarezer (2x): AV= Nergal-sharezer.
the chief eunuch: AV differs (Rab-saris), taking this as a proper noun, throughout the chapter. the chief magus: AV differs (Rab-mag), taking ↴ |
| Jer 39:4 | וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֠אָם צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽ֠יִּבְרְחוּ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ לַ֤יְלָה מִן־הָעִיר֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּשַׁ֖עַר בֵּ֣ין הַחֹמֹתָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֖א דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, when Zedekiah king of Judah and all the warriors saw them, that they fled and departed from the city by night, by the way through the king's garden at the gate between the pair of walls, and he went out by the way of the arid tract. |
↳ this as a proper noun, throughout the chapter.
and all the warriors saw them: AV differs (saw them, and all the men of war). |
| Jer 39:5 | וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּ֜ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִּׂ֣גוּ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּהוּ֮ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת יְרֵחוֹ֒ וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ וַֽ֠יַּעֲלֻהוּ אֶל־נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל רִבְלָ֖תָה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ מִשְׁפָּטִֽים׃ | But the forces of the Chaldeans pursued them, and they caught up with Zedekiah in the arid tracts of Jericho, and they captured him, and they brought him up to Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon in Riblah, in the land of Hamath, and he pronounced judgment on him. |
in Riblah ← to Riblah. Pregnant use.
judgment ← judgments. |
| Jer 39:6 | וַיִּשְׁחַט֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֜ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י צִדְקִיָּ֛הוּ בְּרִבְלָ֖ה לְעֵינָ֑יו וְאֵת֙ כָּל־חֹרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה שָׁחַ֖ט מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | And the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons in Riblah before his eyes, and the king of Babylon slaughtered all the nobles of Judah. | |
| Jer 39:7 | וְאֶת־עֵינֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ עִוֵּ֑ר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם לָבִ֥יא אֹת֖וֹ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And he blinded Zedekiah's eyes, and he bound him in fetters, to bring him to Babylon. | |
| Jer 39:8 | וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָעָ֔ם שָׂרְפ֥וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֖ים בָּאֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־חֹמ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם נָתָֽצוּ׃ | And the Chaldeans burnt the king's house and the houses of the people with fire, and they pulled down the walls of Jerusalem. | houses ← house. Collective usage, housing stock. |
| Jer 39:9 | וְאֵת֩ יֶ֨תֶר הָעָ֜ם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּעִ֗יר וְאֶת־הַנֹּֽפְלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפְל֣וּ עָלָ֔יו וְאֵ֛ת יֶ֥תֶר הָעָ֖ם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֑ים הֶגְלָ֛ה נְבֽוּזַר־אֲדָ֥ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֖ים בָּבֶֽל׃ | And Nebuzaradan the chief guard deported the rest of the people who remained in the city, and the defectors who had defected to him, and the rest of the people who remained, to Babylon. |
Nebuzaradan ← Nebuzar-Adan here, but we write as one word for consistency.
guard: or executioner. |
| Jer 39:10 | וּמִן־הָעָ֣ם הַדַּלִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵין־לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה הִשְׁאִ֛יר נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֥ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֛ם כְּרָמִ֥ים וִֽיגֵבִ֖ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | But Nebuzaradan the chief guard let the poor among the people, who had nothing, remain in the land of Judah, and he gave them vineyards and fields on that day. | |
| Jer 39:11 | וַיְצַ֛ו נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל עַֽל־יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ בְּיַ֛ד נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֥ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon gave commandment concerning Jeremiah through Nebuzaradan the chief guard, which said, | through ← by the hand of. |
| Jer 39:12 | קָחֶ֗נּוּ וְעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ שִׂ֣ים עָלָ֔יו וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֣וּמָה רָּ֑ע כִּ֗י *אם כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ כֵּ֖ן עֲשֵׂ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ׃ | “Take him and look after him, and do not do him any harm, {K: but rather} [Q: but] deal with him according to how he speaks to you.” |
look after him ← set your eyes on him.
deal ← so deal. |
| Jer 39:13 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָ֣ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֗ים וּנְבֽוּשַׁזְבָּן֙ רַב־סָרִ֔יס וְנֵרְגַ֥ל שַׂר־אֶ֖צֶר רַב־מָ֑ג וְכֹ֖ל רַבֵּ֥י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶֽל׃ | And Nebuzaradan the chief guard, and Nebushazban the chief eunuch, and Nergal-Sarezer the chief magus and all the dignitaries of the king of Babylon sent orders, |
Nebushazban: AV= Nebushasban.
Nergal-Sarezer: see Jer 39:3. |
| Jer 39:14 | וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ֩ וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֜הוּ מֵחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָ֗ה וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֔ן לְהוֹצִאֵ֖הוּ אֶל־הַבָּ֑יִת וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ ס | and they sent men, and they took Jeremiah from the prison courtyard, and they assigned him to Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, for him to bring him out and take him home. And he dwelt among the people. | |
| Jer 39:15 | וְאֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ הָיָ֣ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה בִּֽהְיֹת֣וֹ עָצ֔וּר בַּחֲצַ֥ר הַמַּטָּרָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now the word of the Lord had come to Jeremiah when he was imprisoned in the prison courtyard, saying, | had come ← had become. |
| Jer 39:16 | הָל֣וֹךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ לְעֶבֶד־מֶ֨לֶךְ הַכּוּשִׁ֜י לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִי֩ *מבי **מֵבִ֨יא אֶת־דְּבָרַ֜י אֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֛את לְרָעָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א לְטוֹבָ֑ה וְהָי֥וּ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | “Go and speak to Ebed-Melech the Ethiopian and say, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says: «I am about to bring my words to fulfilment on this city, to its detriment and not to its benefit, and they will take place in front of you on that day. |
bring: the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré.
go: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 39:17 | וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥יךָ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ בְּיַ֣ד הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה יָג֖וֹר מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | But I will deliver you on that day, says the Lord, and you will not be delivered into the hands of the people of whom you are afraid, | hands ← hand. |
| Jer 39:18 | כִּ֤י מַלֵּט֙ אֲמַלֶּטְךָ֔ וּבַחֶ֖רֶב לֹ֣א תִפֹּ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֨ה לְךָ֤ נַפְשְׁךָ֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל כִּֽי־בָטַ֥חְתָּ בִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | for I will certainly have you escape, and you will not fall by the sword, and your own life will be your spoil, for you have trusted me, says the Lord.» ’ ” |
I will certainly have you escape: infinitive absolute.
life ← soul. |
| Jer 40:1 | הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֤ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אַחַ֣ר ׀ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֹת֗וֹ נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֛ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֖ים מִן־הָֽרָמָ֑ה בְּקַחְתּ֣וֹ אֹת֗וֹ וְהֽוּא־אָס֤וּר בָּֽאזִקִּים֙ בְּת֨וֹךְ כָּל־גָּל֤וּת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה הַמֻּגְלִ֖ים בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord after Nebuzaradan the chief guard had released him from Ramah, having taken him when he was bound in fetters among the whole company of deportees from Jerusalem and Judah who were being deported to Babylon. |
came ← became.
Ramah ← the Ramah. deportees from ← deportees of. |
| Jer 40:2 | וַיִּקַּ֥ח רַב־טַבָּחִ֖ים לְיִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ דִּבֶּר֙ אֶת־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the chief guard took Jeremiah and said to him, “The Lord your God pronounced this trouble on this place. | |
| Jer 40:3 | וַיָּבֵ֥א וַיַּ֛עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר כִּֽי־חֲטָאתֶ֤ם לַֽיהוָה֙ וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֣ם בְּקוֹל֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם *דבר **הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord has brought it about, and he has done as he said, because you have sinned against the Lord and not obeyed him, so this thing has come on you. |
this thing: the ketiv irregularly lacks a definite article.
you have sinned: you plural. obeyed him ← heard his voice. come ← become. |
| Jer 40:4 | וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֧ה פִתַּחְתִּ֣יךָ הַיּ֗וֹם מִֽן־הָאזִקִּים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־יָדֶךָ֒ אִם־ט֨וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֜יךָ לָב֧וֹא אִתִּ֣י בָבֶ֗ל בֹּ֚א וְאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־עֵינִי֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ וְאִם־רַ֧ע בְּעֵינֶ֛יךָ לָבֽוֹא־אִתִּ֥י בָבֶ֖ל חֲדָ֑ל רְאֵה֙ כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶל־ט֨וֹב וְאֶל־הַיָּשָׁ֧ר בְּעֵינֶ֛יךָ לָלֶ֥כֶת שָׁ֖מָּה לֵֽךְ׃ | And now, look, I have unbound you today from the fetters on your hands. If it is right in your sight to come with me to Babylon, come and I will look after you, but if it is wrong in your sight to come with me to Babylon, then decline the offer. Look, all the land is before you. Go to wherever it is right and proper in your sight to go.” |
hands ← hand.
look after you ← set my eye on you. proper ← upright. |
| Jer 40:5 | וְעוֹדֶ֣נּוּ לֹֽא־יָשׁ֗וּב וְשֻׁ֡בָה אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֣ה בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֡ן אֲשֶׁר֩ הִפְקִ֨יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְשֵׁ֤ב אִתּוֹ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעָ֔ם א֠וֹ אֶל־כָּל־הַיָּשָׁ֧ר בְּעֵינֶ֛יךָ לָלֶ֖כֶת לֵ֑ךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֧וֹ רַב־טַבָּחִ֛ים אֲרֻחָ֥ה וּמַשְׂאֵ֖ת וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽהוּ׃ | And while he still had not gone back, the chief guard said, “Or go back to Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon had appointed in the cities of Judah, and remain with him among the people, or go to wherever it is right in your sight to go.” And the chief guard gave him provisions and a gift and released him. |
or go back: disjunctive use of the vav.
right ← upright. provisions: or a meal. |
| Jer 40:6 | וַיָּבֹ֧א יִרְמְיָ֛הוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֥ה בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב אִתּוֹ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעָ֔ם הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | Then Jeremiah went to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam in Mizpah, and he stayed with him among the people who remained in the land. | in Mizpah ← to the Mizpah. |
| Jer 40:7 | וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה הֵ֚מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֧יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכִ֣י ׀ הִפְקִ֣יד אִתּ֗וֹ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ וָטָ֔ף וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָגְל֖וּ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And when all the officers of the forces who were in the open country and their men heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam in the land, and that he had appointed him over men and women and children and some of the poor of the land, from those who were not deported to Babylon, |
appointed him over ← appointed with him, or, re-pointed as אֺתוֹ, appointed him (over).
|| 2 Ki 25:23. |
| Jer 40:8 | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֡הוּ וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנֵֽי־קָ֠רֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת וּבְנֵ֣י ׀ *עופי **עֵיפַ֣י הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י וִֽיזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י הֵ֖מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ | they went to Gedaliah in Mizpah, as did Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of {Q: Ephai} [K: Ophai] the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of the Maachathite – they and their men. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
|| 2 Ki 25:23. in Mizpah ← to the Mizpah. as did ← and. We assume the people listed went to Gedaliah, rather than being people who were already ↴ |
| Jer 40:9 | וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע לָהֶ֜ם גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֤ם בֶּן־שָׁפָן֙ וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מֵעֲב֣וֹד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים שְׁב֣וּ בָאָ֗רֶץ וְעִבְד֛וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְיִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃ | And Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, swore to them and to their men, and he said, “Do not be afraid of serving the Chaldeans. Stay in the land and serve the king of Babylon and things will go well for you. |
↳ with Gedaliah, as would be suggested by translating by and.
|| 2 Ki 25:24. stay ← sit, dwell. things will go well ← it will be well. |
| Jer 40:10 | וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י יֹשֵׁב֙ בַּמִּצְפָּ֔ה לַֽעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָבֹ֖אוּ אֵלֵ֑ינוּ וְאַתֶּ֡ם אִסְפוּ֩ יַ֨יִן וְקַ֜יִץ וְשֶׁ֗מֶן וְשִׂ֙מוּ֙ בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּשְׁב֖וּ בְּעָרֵיכֶ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־תְּפַשְׂתֶּֽם׃ | And as for me, you see that I am living in Mizpah, to stand in service before the Chaldeans who will come to us. And as for you, gather the wine harvest and the summer fruits and the olive oil, and put it in your containers, and dwell in your cities which you have laid hold of.” |
you see that I ← behold me.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. |
| Jer 40:11 | וְגַ֣ם כָּֽל־הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵֽי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּכָל־הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל שְׁאֵרִ֖ית לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְכִי֙ הִפְקִ֣יד עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֥ם בֶּן־שָׁפָֽן׃ | And all the Jews who were in Moab and among the sons of Ammon and in Edom, and who were in all the countries, also heard that the king of Babylon had allowed there to be a remnant in Judah, and that he had appointed Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, over them. | in Judah ← for Judah. |
| Jer 40:12 | וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ כָל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים מִכָּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִדְּחוּ־שָׁ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶֽרֶץ־יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וַיַּאַסְפ֛וּ יַ֥יִן וָקַ֖יִץ הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ פ | And when all the Jews from all the places where they had been driven returned, they came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah in Mizpah, and they gathered the wine harvest and the summer fruits – a very large quantity. |
in Mizpah ← to the Mizpah.
a very large quantity ← very much. |
| Jer 40:13 | וְיֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַחֲיָלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה בָּ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּֽתָה׃ | And Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the officers of the forces who were in the open country, came to Gedaliah in Mizpah. | in Mizpah ← to the Mizpah. |
| Jer 40:14 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו הֲיָדֹ֤עַ תֵּדַע֙ כִּ֞י בַּעֲלִ֣יס ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן שָׁלַח֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה לְהַכֹּתְךָ֖ נָ֑פֶשׁ וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִ֣ין לָהֶ֔ם גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָֽם׃ | And they said to him, “Are you at all aware that Baalis the king of the sons of Ammon has sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to dispatch you?” But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam did not believe them. |
are you at all aware: infinitive absolute. Perhaps alternatively are you fully aware.
dispatch you ← strike you (with respect to) the soul. |
| Jer 40:15 | וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֡חַ אָמַ֣ר אֶל־גְּדַלְיָהוּ֩ בַסֵּ֨תֶר בַּמִּצְפָּ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע לָ֧מָּה יַכֶּ֣כָּה נֶּ֗פֶשׁ וְנָפֹ֙צוּ֙ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה הַנִּקְבָּצִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאָבְדָ֖ה שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke to Gedaliah in secret in Mizpah and said, “Do let me go and strike Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no-one will know about it. Why should he dispatch you, and all Judah who have been gathered to you be scattered, and the remnant of Judah perish?” |
Mizpah ← the Mizpah.
dispatch you ← strike you (with respect to) the soul. |
| Jer 40:16 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר גְּדַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָם֙ אֶל־יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ אַֽל־*תעש **תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־שֶׁ֛קֶר אַתָּ֥ה דֹבֵ֖ר אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ ס | But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said to Johanan the son of Kareah, “Do not do this thing, for you are speaking an untruth concerning Ishmael.” | do (second occurrence in verse): the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré. |
| Jer 41:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בָּ֣א יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֣ה בֶן־אֱלִישָׁמָ֣ע מִזֶּ֣רַע הַ֠מְּלוּכָה וְרַבֵּ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וַעֲשָׂרָ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֥ים אִתּ֛וֹ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם הַמִּצְפָּ֑תָה וַיֹּ֨אכְלוּ שָׁ֥ם לֶ֛חֶם יַחְדָּ֖ו בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ | But it came to pass in the seventh month that Ishmael, the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of royal seed, came, with the king's dignitaries and another ten men accompanying him, to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam in Mizpah, and they ate a meal there together in Mizpah. |
|| 2 Ki 25:25.
royal seed ← seed of the kingship. with the king's dignitaries ← and the king's dignitaries. accompanying ← with. in Mizpah ... in Mizpah ← to the Mizpah ... in the Mizpah. a meal ← bread. |
| Jer 41:2 | וַיָּקָם֩ יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֜ה וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ אִתּ֗וֹ וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֧ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֛ן בַּחֶ֖רֶב וַיָּ֣מֶת אֹת֑וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and the ten men who were with him arose, and they struck Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, with the sword, and he killed him, whom the king of Babylon had appointed in the land. | || 2 Ki 25:25. |
| Jer 41:3 | וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֨וּ אִתּ֤וֹ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בַּמִּצְפָּ֔ה וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצְאוּ־שָׁ֑ם אֵ֚ת אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הִכָּ֖ה יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ | And Ishmael struck down all the Jews who were with him, with Gedaliah in Mizpah, and also the Chaldeans who were present there – the warriors. |
|| 2 Ki 25:25.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. present ← found. |
| Jer 41:4 | וַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֖י לְהָמִ֣ית אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֑הוּ וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א יָדָֽע׃ | And it came to pass on the second day of the killing of Gedaliah, while no-one knew about it, | the killing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Jer 41:5 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֲ֠נָשִׁים מִשְּׁכֶ֞ם מִשִּׁל֤וֹ וּמִשֹּֽׁמְרוֹן֙ שְׁמֹנִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ מְגֻלְּחֵ֥י זָקָ֛ן וּקְרֻעֵ֥י בְגָדִ֖ים וּמִתְגֹּֽדְדִ֑ים וּמִנְחָ֤ה וּלְבוֹנָה֙ בְּיָדָ֔ם לְהָבִ֖יא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | that eighty men came, men from Shechem, from Shiloh and from Samaria, with their beards shaven off and their clothes torn, and having made incisions on themselves, and with a meal-offering and incense in their hands, to bring to the house of the Lord. | hands ← hand. |
| Jer 41:6 | וַ֠יֵּצֵא יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֤ה לִקְרָאתָם֙ מִן־הַמִּצְפָּ֔ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ הָלֹ֖ךְ וּבֹכֶ֑ה וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּפְגֹ֣שׁ אֹתָ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם בֹּ֖אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָֽם׃ ס | And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah went out from Mizpah to meet them, weeping continuously as he went, and it came to pass, when he met them, that he said to them, “Come to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam.” |
Mizpah ← the Mizpah.
weeping continuously as he went: with an infinitive absolute of to go. |
| Jer 41:7 | וַיְהִ֕י כְּבוֹאָ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֞ם יִשְׁמָעֵ֤אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָה֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַבּ֔וֹר ה֖וּא וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־אִתּֽוֹ׃ | Then it came to pass, when they had come inside the city, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah – he and the men who were with him – slaughtered them and put them in the pit. | |
| Jer 41:8 | וַעֲשָׂרָ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֜ים נִמְצְאוּ־בָ֗ם וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ אַל־תְּמִתֵ֔נוּ כִּֽי־יֶשׁ־לָ֤נוּ מַטְמֹנִים֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה חִטִּ֥ים וּשְׂעֹרִ֖ים וְשֶׁ֣מֶן וּדְבָ֑שׁ וַיֶּחְדַּ֕ל וְלֹ֥א הֱמִיתָ֖ם בְּת֥וֹךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ | But ten men were present among them who said to Ishmael, “Do not kill us, for we have hidden treasures in the field – wheat and barley and oil and honey.” And he did not do it, and he did not kill them among their brothers. |
were present ← were found.
did not do it ← forbore. |
| Jer 41:9 | וְהַבּ֗וֹר אֲשֶׁר֩ הִשְׁלִ֨יךְ שָׁ֤ם יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ אֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־פִּגְרֵ֣י הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִכָּה֙ בְּיַד־גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֔א מִפְּנֵ֖י בַּעְשָׁ֣א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֹת֗וֹ מִלֵּ֛א יִשְׁמָעֵ֥אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֖הוּ חֲלָלִֽים׃ | And the pit into which Ishmael threw all the corpses of the men whom he had struck down with Gedaliah is the one which King Asa made when confronting Baasha king of Israel. And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah filled it with those killed. |
with ← at the hand of, but also by the side of.
when confronting ← from the face of. AV differs (for fear of). Compare Jer 41:15. |
| Jer 41:10 | וַיִּ֣שְׁבְּ ׀ יִ֠שְׁמָעֵאל אֶת־כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֨ית הָעָ֜ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּצְפָּ֗ה אֶת־בְּנ֤וֹת הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָם֙ הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בַּמִּצְפָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקִ֗יד נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֑ם וַיִּשְׁבֵּם֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ לַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ ס | Then Ishmael took captive all the remainder of the people who were in Mizpah – the king's daughters and all the people who remained in Mizpah – over whom Nebuzaradan the chief guard had appointed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam. And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah took them captive and set off to cross over to the sons of Ammon. | Mizpah (2x) ← the Mizpah. |
| Jer 41:11 | וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַחֲיָלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָֽרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָֽה׃ | And when Johanan the son of Kareah and all the officers of the forces which were with him heard all the evil which Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had done, | |
| Jer 41:12 | וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֑ה וַיִּמְצְא֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃ | they took all the men and went to fight against Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and they found him at the water-rich area which is in Gibeon. |
against ← with. See Gen 14:8.
water-rich area ← great waters. Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Jer 41:13 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְא֤וֹת כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל אֶת־יֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַחֲיָלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׂמָֽחוּ׃ | And it came to pass when all the people who were with Ishmael saw Johanan the son of Kareah and all the officers of the forces who were with him, they rejoiced, | |
| Jer 41:14 | וַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁבָ֥ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל מִן־הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ אֶל־יֽוֹחָנָ֖ן בֶּן־קָרֵֽחַ׃ | and all the people whom Ishmael had taken captive from Mizpah turned round and returned and went to Johanan the son of Kareah. | Mizpah ← the Mizpah. |
| Jer 41:15 | וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֗ה נִמְלַט֙ בִּשְׁמֹנָ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים מִפְּנֵ֖י יֽוֹחָנָ֑ן וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ ס | And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah escaped with eight men from the encounter confronting Johanan, and he went to the sons of Ammon. | from the encounter confronting ← from the face of. Compare Jer 41:9. |
| Jer 41:16 | וַיִּקַּח֩ יוֹחָנָ֨ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֜חַ וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֧י הַחֲיָלִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ אֵ֣ת כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֤ית הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵ֠שִׁיב מֵאֵ֨ת יִשְׁמָעֵ֤אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָה֙ מִן־הַמִּצְפָּ֔ה אַחַ֣ר הִכָּ֔ה אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖ה בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֑ם גְּבָרִ֞ים אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְנָשִׁ֤ים וְטַף֙ וְסָ֣רִסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵשִׁ֖יב מִגִּבְעֽוֹן׃ | And Johanan the son of Kareah and all the officers of the forces which were with him, with all the remainder of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah from Mizpah after he had struck down Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, took men, warriors and women and children, and eunuchs, whom he had recovered from Gibeon, |
|| 2 Ki 25:26.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Jer 41:17 | וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּגֵר֣וּת *כמוהם **כִּמְהָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֖צֶל בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם לָלֶ֖כֶת לָב֥וֹא מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | and they set off, and they stayed in the lodging place {Q: of Chimham} [K: as they were], which is beside Bethlehem, on their way to go to Egypt, |
Chimham (qeré): see 2 Sam 19:38 (2 Sam 19:37AV).
|| 2 Ki 25:26. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. on their way to go ← to go to come. |
| Jer 41:18 | מִפְּנֵי֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים כִּ֥י יָרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֞ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֗ה אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | because of the Chaldeans, because they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had struck down Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon had appointed in the land. | || 2 Ki 25:26. |
| Jer 42:1 | וַֽיִּגְּשׁוּ֙ כָּל־שָׂרֵ֣י הַחֲיָלִ֔ים וְיֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וִֽיזַנְיָ֖ה בֶּן־הוֹשַֽׁעְיָ֑ה וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּטֹ֥ן וְעַד־גָּדֽוֹל׃ | Then all the officers of the forces, and Johanan the son of Kareah and Jezaniah the son of Hoshaiah, and all the people both small and great, approached, | both small and great ← from small to great. See note on 2 Ki 25:26. |
| Jer 42:2 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֗יא תִּפָּל־נָ֤א תְחִנָּתֵ֙נוּ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהִתְפַּלֵּ֤ל בַּעֲדֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּעַ֖ד כָּל־הַשְּׁאֵרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את כִּֽי־נִשְׁאַ֤רְנוּ מְעַט֙ מֵֽהַרְבֵּ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עֵינֶ֖יךָ רֹא֥וֹת אֹתָֽנוּ׃ | and they said to Jeremiah the prophet, “May our plea be admitted before you, and pray to the Lord your God for us, for all this remnant, for we are left with few, from being many, as your eyes see us. | be admitted before you ← fall at your place. |
| Jer 42:3 | וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֵֽלֶךְ־בָּ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | And may the Lord your God tell us the way by which we should go and the things which we should do.” | things ← thing, word. |
| Jer 42:4 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם יִרְמְיָ֤הוּ הַנָּבִיא֙ שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי הִנְנִ֧י מִתְפַּלֵּ֛ל אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וְֽהָיָ֡ה כָּֽל־הַדָּבָר֩ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲנֶ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ אַגִּ֣יד לָכֶ֔ם לֹֽא־אֶמְנַ֥ע מִכֶּ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ | And Jeremiah the prophet said to them, “I have heard you. I am about to pray to the Lord your God according to your words, and it will come to pass that I will tell you every word which the Lord answers you. I will not withhold anything from you.” | I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 42:5 | וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ אָמְר֣וּ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ יְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔נוּ לְעֵ֖ד אֱמֶ֣ת וְנֶאֱמָ֑ן אִם־לֹ֡א כְּֽכָל־הַ֠דָּבָר אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ כֵּ֥ן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Then they said to Jeremiah, “May the Lord be a true and faithful witness among us. We will certainly do everything that the Lord your God sends word of to you concerning us. |
we will certainly do: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). AV differs (if we do not even according to all things), not recognizing the oath formula.
everything ← according to everything. |
| Jer 42:6 | אִם־ט֣וֹב וְאִם־רָ֔ע בְּק֣וֹל ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר *אנו **אֲנַ֜חְנוּ שֹׁלְחִ֥ים אֹתְךָ֛ אֵלָ֖יו נִשְׁמָ֑ע לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽיטַב־לָ֔נוּ כִּ֣י נִשְׁמַ֔ע בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס | Whether it is good or bad news, we will obey the Lord our God to whom we send you, in order that it may go well with us, for we will obey the Lord our God.” |
we (second occurrence in verse): the ketiv is an apocopated form of the qeré.
obey (2x) ← hear the voice of. |
| Jer 42:7 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת יָמִ֑ים וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָֽהוּ׃ | And it came to pass after ten days that the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, |
after ← at the end of.
came ← became. |
| Jer 42:8 | וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶל־יֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וְאֶ֛ל כָּל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַחֲיָלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וּלְכָ֨ל־הָעָ֔ם לְמִקָּטֹ֥ן וְעַד־גָּדֽוֹל׃ | and he summoned Johanan the son of Kareah and all the officers of the forces which were with him, and all the people both small and great, | both small and great: see Jer 42:1. |
| Jer 42:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר שְׁלַחְתֶּ֤ם אֹתִי֙ אֵלָ֔יו לְהַפִּ֥יל תְּחִנַּתְכֶ֖ם לְפָנָֽיו׃ | and he said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel, to whom you sent me, to present your plea before him, says: |
this is what ← thus.
present ← make fall. |
| Jer 42:10 | אִם־שׁ֤וֹב תֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את וּבָנִ֤יתִי אֶתְכֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶהֱרֹ֔ס וְנָטַעְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א אֶתּ֑וֹשׁ כִּ֤י נִחַ֙מְתִּי֙ אֶל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לָכֶֽם׃ | ‘If you are resolved to live in this land, I will build you up, and I will not pull you down, and I will plant you, and I will not pluck you up, for I will have a change of heart concerning the harm which I have done to you. | you are resolved to live: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 42:11 | אַל־תִּֽירְא֗וּ מִפְּנֵי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם יְרֵאִ֖ים מִפָּנָ֑יו אַל־תִּֽירְא֤וּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אִתְּכֶ֣ם אָ֔נִי לְהוֹשִׁ֧יעַ אֶתְכֶ֛ם וּלְהַצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | Do not be afraid of the king of Babylon, of whose presence you are fearful. Do not fear him, says the Lord, for I am with you to save you and to deliver you from his hand. | |
| Jer 42:12 | וְאֶתֵּ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם רַחֲמִ֖ים וְרִחַ֣ם אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְהֵשִׁ֥יב אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֶל־אַדְמַתְכֶֽם׃ | And I will show you compassion, so that he is compassionate towards you, and he brings you back to your land. |
show ← give.
so that: a vav introducing manner. |
| Jer 42:13 | וְאִם־אֹמְרִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לֹ֥א נֵשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את לְבִלְתִּ֣י שְׁמֹ֔עַ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | But if you say, «We will not live in this land», so not obeying the Lord your God, | obeying ← hearing the voice of. |
| Jer 42:14 | לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֚א כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ נָב֔וֹא אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־נִרְאֶה֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָ֖ר לֹ֣א נִשְׁמָ֑ע וְלַלֶּ֥חֶם לֹֽא־נִרְעָ֖ב וְשָׁ֥ם נֵשֵֽׁב׃ | saying, «No, instead we will go to the land of Egypt, where we will not see war, and we will not hear the sound of the ramshorn, and we will not have a famine of bread, and it is there that we will live», |
instead ← for.
live ← sit; dwell. |
| Jer 42:15 | וְעַתָּ֕ה לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אִם־אַ֠תֶּם שׂ֣וֹם תְּשִׂמ֤וּן פְּנֵיכֶם֙ לָבֹ֣א מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָאתֶ֖ם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם׃ | then hear now the word of the Lord, you remnant of Judah. This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel says: «If you are determinedly resolved to go to Egypt, and you go to take up residence there, |
this is what ← thus.
are determinedly resolved ← setting will set your faces, with an infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 42:16 | וְהָיְתָ֣ה הַחֶ֗רֶב אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ יְרֵאִ֣ים מִמֶּ֔נָּה שָׁ֛ם תַּשִּׂ֥יג אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָרָעָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם ׀ דֹּאֲגִ֣ים מִמֶּ֗נּוּ שָׁ֣ם יִדְבַּ֧ק אַחֲרֵיכֶ֛ם מִצְרַ֖יִם וְשָׁ֥ם תָּמֻֽתוּ׃ | then the sword will come, which you fear. It will catch up with you there in the land of Egypt, and the famine which you are concerned about will cling to you there in Egypt, and there you will die. | come ← be. |
| Jer 42:17 | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ כָל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨מוּ אֶת־פְּנֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֤וֹא מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לָג֣וּר שָׁ֔ם יָמ֕וּתוּ בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ שָׂרִ֣יד וּפָלִ֔יט מִפְּנֵי֙ הָֽרָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י מֵבִ֥יא עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And all the people who resolved to go to Egypt to take up residence there will be the ones who die by the sword and by famine and by a plague, and they will have no-one either escaped or delivered from the harm which I will bring on them. | from ← from the face / presence of. |
| Jer 42:18 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ נִתַּ֨ךְ אַפִּ֜י וַחֲמָתִ֗י עַל־יֹֽשְׁבֵי֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כֵּ֣ן תִּתַּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּבֹאֲכֶ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יִם וִהְיִיתֶ֞ם לְאָלָ֤ה וּלְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִקְלָלָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ ע֔וֹד אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‹When my anger and my fury are poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so will my fury be poured out on you, if you go to Egypt, and you will be an object of cursing and astonishment and vilification and reproach, and you will no longer see this place.› » ’ |
this is what ← thus.
if you go: conditional use of a preposition and infinitive. astonishment: or desolation. |
| Jer 42:19 | דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה עֲלֵיכֶם֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה אַל־תָּבֹ֖אוּ מִצְרָ֑יִם יָדֹ֙עַ֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי־הַעִידֹ֥תִי בָכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | The Lord has spoken to you, you remnant of Judah. Do not go to Egypt. Know with certainty that I have testified against you today. | know with certainty: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 42:20 | כִּ֣י *התעתים **הִתְעֵיתֶם֮ בְּנַפְשֽׁוֹתֵיכֶם֒ כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם שְׁלַחְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִ֗י אֶל־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל בַּעֲדֵ֔נוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וּכְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֹאמַ֜ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ כֵּ֥ן הַגֶּד־לָ֖נוּ וְעָשִֽׂינוּ׃ | For you have erred in your sentiments, for you sent me to the Lord your God saying, ‘Pray to the Lord our God for us, and whatever the Lord our God says, tell us, and we will do it.’ |
you have erred: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré.
sentiments ← souls. whatever ← according to everything. |
| Jer 42:21 | וָאַגִּ֥ד לָכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֗ם בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וּלְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I have told you today, but you did not obey the Lord your God, nor anything with which he sent me to you. |
obey ← hear the voice of.
anything ← everything. |
| Jer 42:22 | וְעַתָּה֙ יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּ֗י בַּחֶ֛רֶב בָּרָעָ֥ב וּבַדֶּ֖בֶר תָּמ֑וּתוּ בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲפַצְתֶּ֔ם לָב֖וֹא לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם׃ ס | So now, know with certainty that you will die by the sword and by a famine and by a plague in the place where you wish to go to take up residence.” | |
| Jer 43:1 | וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יִרְמְיָ֜הוּ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָח֛וֹ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס | And it came to pass, when Jeremiah, whom the Lord their God had sent to them, had finished speaking to all the people all the words of the Lord their God – all these words – | |
| Jer 43:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֲזַרְיָ֤ה בֶן־הוֹשַֽׁעְיָה֙ וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ וְכָל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַזֵּדִ֑ים אֹמְרִ֣ים אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ שֶׁ֚קֶר אַתָּ֣ה מְדַבֵּ֔ר לֹ֣א שְׁלָחֲךָ֞ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־תָבֹ֥אוּ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָג֥וּר שָֽׁם׃ | that Azariah the son of Hoshaiah and Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the impertinent men spoke and said to Jeremiah, “You are speaking lies. The Lord our God did not send you to say, ‘You shall not go to Egypt to take up residence there.’ | lies ← a lie, falsity. |
| Jer 43:3 | כִּ֗י בָּרוּךְ֙ בֶּן־נֵ֣רִיָּ֔ה מַסִּ֥ית אֹתְךָ֖ בָּ֑נוּ לְמַעַן֩ תֵּ֨ת אֹתָ֤נוּ בְיַֽד־הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙ לְהָמִ֣ית אֹתָ֔נוּ וּלְהַגְל֥וֹת אֹתָ֖נוּ בָּבֶֽל׃ | For Baruch the son of Neriah is inciting you against us, in order to deliver us into the hands of the Chaldeans, for them to kill us and to deport us to Babylon.” | hands ← hand. |
| Jer 43:4 | וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַע֩ יוֹחָנָ֨ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֜חַ וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֧י הַחֲיָלִ֛ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And neither Johanan the son of Kareah nor any of the officers of the forces, nor any of the people, obeyed the Lord, that they should remain in the land of Judah. |
any (2x) ← all.
obeyed ← heard the voice of. |
| Jer 43:5 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח יוֹחָנָ֤ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֙חַ֙ וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֣י הַחֲיָלִ֔ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֗בוּ מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִדְּחוּ־שָׁ֔ם לָג֖וּר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And Johanan the son of Kareah and all the officers of the forces took all the remainder of Judah which had returned to live in the land of Judah from all the nations into which they had been driven | |
| Jer 43:6 | אֶֽת־הַ֠גְּבָרִים וְאֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֣ים וְאֶת־הַטַּף֮ וְאֶת־בְּנ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִנִּ֙יחַ֙ נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֣ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֑ן וְאֵת֙ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא וְאֶת־בָּר֖וּךְ בֶּן־נֵרִיָּֽהוּ׃ | – the men and the women and the children and the king's daughters and every person whom Nebuzaradan the chief guard had let remain with Gedaliah, the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, and with Jeremiah the prophet, and with Baruch, the son of Neriah – | person ← soul. |
| Jer 43:7 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־תַּחְפַּנְחֵֽס׃ ס | and they went to the land of Egypt, for they did not obey the Lord, and they came to Tahpanhes. | |
| Jer 43:8 | וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ בְּתַחְפַּנְחֵ֖ס לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes and said, | |
| Jer 43:9 | קַ֣ח בְּיָדְךָ֞ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֗וֹת וּטְמַנְתָּ֤ם בַּמֶּ֙לֶט֙ בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּפֶ֥תַח בֵּית־פַּרְעֹ֖ה בְּתַחְפַּנְחֵ֑ס לְעֵינֵ֖י אֲנָשִׁ֥ים יְהוּדִֽים׃ | “Take some large stones in your hand and conceal them in the mortar in the mastaba which is at the entrance to Pharaoh's house in Tahpanhes, in the sight of some Jewish men, | mastaba: a flat topped pyramid (right frustrum) structure serving as a tomb. See [CB]. AV differs (brickkiln), as [AnLx]. |
| Jer 43:10 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֡ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֤י שֹׁלֵ֙חַ֙ וְ֠לָקַחְתִּי אֶת־נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֤ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ עַבְדִּ֔י וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י כִסְא֔וֹ מִמַּ֛עַל לָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר טָמָ֑נְתִּי וְנָטָ֥ה אֶת־*שפרורו **שַׁפְרִיר֖וֹ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | and say to them, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: «I am about to send a spiritual force, and I will take Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, my servant, and I will put his throne above these stones, which I have hidden, and he will stretch his royal canopy out over them. |
royal canopy: the ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, and the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 43:11 | *ובאה **וּבָ֕א וְהִכָּ֖ה אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֧ר לַמָּ֣וֶת לַמָּ֗וֶת וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר לַשְּׁבִי֙ לַשֶּׁ֔בִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לַחֶ֖רֶב לֶחָֽרֶב׃ | And {Q: he will come,} [K: it will come,] and he will attack the land of Egypt. He who is destined for death will go to death, and he who is destined for captivity will go into captivity, and he who is destined for the sword will go to the sword. | |
| Jer 43:12 | וְהִצַּ֣תִּי אֵ֗שׁ בְּבָתֵּי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם וּשְׂרָפָ֖ם וְשָׁבָ֑ם וְעָטָה֩ אֶת־אֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־יַעְטֶ֤ה הָֽרֹעֶה֙ אֶת־בִּגְד֔וֹ וְיָצָ֥א מִשָּׁ֖ם בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt, and he will burn them and take them captive, and he will clothe himself with the spoils of the land of Egypt, as a shepherd clothes himself in his garment, and he will depart from there in peace. | |
| Jer 43:13 | וְשִׁבַּ֗ר אֶֽת־מַצְּבוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽי־מִצְרַ֖יִם יִשְׂרֹ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | And he will break down the images in Beth-Shemesh, which is in the land of Egypt, and he will burn the houses of the gods of Egypt with fire.» ’ ” | images in ← images of. |
| Jer 44:1 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ אֶ֚ל כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֤ים בְּמִגְדֹּל֙ וּבְתַחְפַּנְחֵ֣ס וּבְנֹ֔ף וּבְאֶ֥רֶץ פַּתְר֖וֹס לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | This is the word which came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews who were living in the land of Egypt, who lived in Migdol and in Tahpanhes and in Noph and in the land of Pathros. And it said, | came ← became. |
| Jer 44:2 | כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָֽרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וְהִנָּ֤ם חָרְבָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘You see all the harm which I have brought on Jerusalem and on all the cities of Judah, and there they are, a desolation on this day, and there is no inhabitant in them, |
this is what ← thus.
there they are ← behold them. |
| Jer 44:3 | מִפְּנֵ֣י רָעָתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי לָלֶ֣כֶת לְקַטֵּ֔ר לַעֲבֹ֖ד לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּם הֵ֖מָּה אַתֶּ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | because of their evil which they have done, so as to provoke me to anger, by going to burn incense, and by serving other gods whom they had not known, neither they, nor you, nor your fathers. | by going ... by serving: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| Jer 44:4 | וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃ | Yet I sent to them all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, to say, «Please do not do this abominable thing, which I hate.» |
rising early and sending: infinitives absolute.
abominable thing ← thing of abomination, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 44:5 | וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ וְלֹא־הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־אָזְנָ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב מֵרָֽעָתָ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י קַטֵּ֖ר לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ | But they did not listen, and they did not incline their ears, by turning away from their evil – by not burning incense to other gods. |
ears ← ear.
by turning away ... by not burning: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| Jer 44:6 | וַתִּתַּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ וְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּבְעַר֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַתִּהְיֶ֛ינָה לְחָרְבָּ֥ה לִשְׁמָמָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | So my fury with my anger was poured out, and it burned in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem, which became a ruin and a desolation, as on this day. | |
| Jer 44:7 | וְעַתָּ֡ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָמָה֩ אַתֶּ֨ם עֹשִׂ֜ים רָעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵכֶ֔ם לְהַכְרִ֨ית לָכֶ֧ם אִישׁ־וְאִשָּׁ֛ה עוֹלֵ֥ל וְיוֹנֵ֖ק מִתּ֣וֹךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י הוֹתִ֥יר לָכֶ֖ם שְׁאֵרִֽית׃ | So now, this is what the Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel, says: «Why are you committing a great evil against yourselves, by going and cutting off from Judah man and woman, child and infant, not leaving yourselves a remnant, |
this is what ← thus.
against yourselves ← against your souls. by ... cutting off: gerundial use of the infinitive. going and: here לָכֶם is dative of disadvantage through ill-advised action. English uses a different idiom. |
| Jer 44:8 | לְהַכְעִסֵ֙נִי֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְדֵיכֶ֔ם לְקַטֵּ֞ר לֵאלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם בָּאִ֖ים לָג֣וּר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְרִ֣ית לָכֶ֔ם וּלְמַ֤עַן הֱיֽוֹתְכֶם֙ לִקְלָלָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | so as to provoke me to anger with the works of your hands, by burning incense to other gods in the land of Egypt, where you went to take up residence, cutting yourselves off, and so becoming an object of cursing and reproach among all the nations of the earth? |
by burning incense: gerundial use of the infinitive.
yourselves: here לָכֶם is a direct object; see [Ges-HG] §117n. |
| Jer 44:9 | הַֽשְׁכַחְתֶּם֩ אֶת־רָע֨וֹת אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם וְאֶת־רָע֣וֹת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֵת֙ רָע֣וֹת נָשָׁ֔יו וְאֵת֙ רָעֹ֣תֵכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת רָעֹ֣ת נְשֵׁיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Have you forgotten the evil deeds of your fathers, and the evil deeds of the kings of Judah, and the evil deeds of their wives, and your own evil deeds, and the evil deeds of your wives which they committed in the land of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? |
their wives ← his wives, i.e. the wives of each one.
your wives: plural your. |
| Jer 44:10 | לֹ֣א דֻכְּא֔וּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א יָרְא֗וּ וְלֹֽא־הָלְכ֤וּ בְתֽוֹרָתִי֙ וּבְחֻקֹּתַ֔י אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם וְלִפְנֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | They have not been contrite up to this day, and they have not shown fear, and they have not walked in my law, nor in my statutes which I set before you and before your fathers. | |
| Jer 44:11 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֥ם פָּנַ֛י בָּכֶ֖ם לְרָעָ֑ה וּלְהַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | That is why this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‹I am about to take a firm stand against you, to your detriment, and to cut the whole of Judah off. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. take a firm stand ← set my face. |
| Jer 44:12 | וְלָקַחְתִּ֞י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨מוּ פְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֣וֹא אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ לָג֣וּר שָׁם֒ וְתַ֨מּוּ כֹ֜ל בְּאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם יִפֹּ֗לוּ בַּחֶ֤רֶב בָּֽרָעָב֙ יִתַּ֔מּוּ מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל בַּחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיוּ֙ לְאָלָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ | And I will take the residue of Judah who took a firm stand to go to the land of Egypt, to take up residence there. And all of them in the land of Egypt will come to an end. They will fall by the sword and by famine. They will come to an end, both small and great. They will die by the sword and by famine, and they will be an object of cursing and of astonishment and of vilification and of reproach. |
took a firm stand ← set their face.
both small and great: see Jer 42:1. astonishment: or desolation. AV differs in word association, as does MT (and they shall all be consumed, and fall in the land of Egypt; they shall even be consumed by the sword and by the famine). |
| Jer 44:13 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֗י עַ֤ל הַיּֽוֹשְׁבִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בַּחֶ֥רֶב בָּרָעָ֖ב וּבַדָּֽבֶר׃ | And I will visit those who dwell in the land of Egypt, as I visited Jerusalem, with the sword, with famine and with a plague. | |
| Jer 44:14 | וְלֹ֨א יִהְיֶ֜ה פָּלִ֤יט וְשָׂרִיד֙ לִשְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים לָגֽוּר־שָׁ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלָשׁ֣וּב ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֜מָּה מְנַשְּׂאִ֤ים אֶת־נַפְשָׁם֙ לָשׁוּב֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת שָׁ֔ם כִּ֥י לֹֽא־יָשׁ֖וּבוּ כִּ֥י אִם־פְּלֵטִֽים׃ ס | And there will be no-one either escaped or surviving from the residue of Judah who go to take up residence there in the land of Egypt, and to return to the land of Judah which they have set their heart on to return to, and to dwell there, for they will not return, except for escapees.› » ’ ” |
from the residue ← to / for / of the residue.
they have set their heart on ← they lift their soul to. |
| Jer 44:15 | וַיַּעֲנ֣וּ אֶֽת־יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הַיֹּֽדְעִים֙ כִּֽי־מְקַטְּר֤וֹת נְשֵׁיהֶם֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הָעֹמְד֖וֹת קָהָ֣ל גָּד֑וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּפַתְר֥וֹס לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then all the men who knew that their wives burned incense to other gods, and all the women who stood in a large convocation, and all the people who inhabited the land of Egypt in Pathros, answered Jeremiah and said, | |
| Jer 44:16 | הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֥רְתָּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ שֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | “As for the words which you have spoken to us in the name of the Lord, we are not going to heed you. | words ← word, speech. |
| Jer 44:17 | כִּ֩י עָשֹׂ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה אֶֽת־כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר ׀ אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣א מִפִּ֗ינוּ לְקַטֵּ֞ר לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם֮ וְהַסֵּֽיךְ־לָ֣הּ נְסָכִים֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֤חְנוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מְלָכֵ֣ינוּ וְשָׂרֵ֔ינוּ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַנִּֽשְׂבַּֽע־לֶ֙חֶם֙ וַנִּֽהְיֶ֣ה טוֹבִ֔ים וְרָעָ֖ה לֹ֥א רָאִֽינוּ׃ | For we insist on doing everything that left our mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out libations to her, as we and our fathers, our kings and our officials did in the cities of Judah and on the streets of Jerusalem. And we had plenty of food, and we were prosperous, and we did not see trouble. |
we insist on doing: infinitive absolute.
queen of heaven: i.e. עַשְׁתֹּרֶת, Astarte, Venus. Compare Jer 7:18. we had plenty of ← we were satiated (with). food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Jer 44:18 | וּמִן־אָ֡ז חָדַ֜לְנוּ לְקַטֵּ֨ר לִמְלֶ֧כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהַסֵּֽךְ־לָ֥הּ נְסָכִ֖ים חָסַ֣רְנוּ כֹ֑ל וּבַחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב תָּֽמְנוּ׃ | But since we stopped burning incense to the queen of heaven, and pouring libations out to her, we have had a shortage of everything, and we have been perishing by the sword and by famine. | queen of heaven: see Jer 44:17. |
| Jer 44:19 | וְכִֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מְקַטְּרִים֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ עָשִׂ֨ינוּ לָ֤הּ כַּוָּנִים֙ לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔הּ וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִֽים׃ פ | And when we were burning incense to the queen of heaven and pouring libations out to her, was it without our men that we made for her sacrificial cakes to worship her, and that we poured out libations to her?” |
we were burning incense ... our men: masculine we. Perhaps the men refers to warriors, officials or priests. Others see women speaking (despite discordant gender) and referring to their husbands.
queen of heaven: see Jer 44:17. |
| Jer 44:20 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֑ם עַל־הַגְּבָרִ֤ים וְעַל־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם הָעֹנִ֥ים אֹת֛וֹ דָּבָ֖ר לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then Jeremiah spoke to all the people, against the men and against the women and against all the people who had given him that answer, and he said, | given him that answer ← answered him word. |
| Jer 44:21 | הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־הַקִּטֵּ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְחֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אַתֶּ֧ם וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם מַלְכֵיכֶ֥ם וְשָׂרֵיכֶ֖ם וְעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹתָם֙ זָכַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־לִבּֽוֹ׃ | “Has the Lord not remembered the burning of incense which you burned in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem – you and your fathers, your kings and your officials, and the people of the land – and has it not come to his mind? | come to his mind ← arisen in his heart. |
| Jer 44:22 | וְלֹֽא־יוּכַל֩ יְהוָ֨ה ע֜וֹד לָשֵׂ֗את מִפְּנֵי֙ רֹ֣עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם וַתְּהִ֣י אַ֠רְצְכֶם לְחָרְבָּ֨ה וּלְשַׁמָּ֧ה וְלִקְלָלָ֛ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the Lord can no longer endure the evil of your deeds – the abominations which you have committed – so your land has become a ruin and a desolation and an object of cursing, without an inhabitant, as it is this day, | endure ← bear from the face of. |
| Jer 44:23 | מִפְּנֵי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר חֲטָאתֶ֣ם לַיהוָ֗ה וְלֹ֤א שְׁמַעְתֶּם֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וּבְתֹרָת֧וֹ וּבְחֻקֹּתָ֛יו וּבְעֵדְוֺתָ֖יו לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֥את אֶתְכֶ֛ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | because you burned incense and because you sinned against the Lord, and you did not obey the Lord, and you did not walk in his law or in his statutes or in his testimonies, which is why this trouble has befallen you, as it is this day.” |
obey ← hear the voice.
befallen: in an Aramaic form. |
| Jer 44:24 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֑ים שִׁמְעוּ֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה כָּל־יְהוּדָ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ ס | Then Jeremiah said to all the people including all the women, “Hear the word of the Lord, all you of Judah who are in the land of Egypt. | including ← and. Wider use of the vav. |
| Jer 44:25 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָֽה־צְבָאוֹת֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר אַתֶּ֨ם וּנְשֵׁיכֶ֜ם וַתְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה בְּפִיכֶם֮ וּבִידֵיכֶ֣ם מִלֵּאתֶ֣ם ׀ לֵאמֹר֒ עָשֹׂ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה אֶת־נְדָרֵ֗ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָדַ֙רְנוּ֙ לְקַטֵּר֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הָקֵ֤ים תָּקִ֙ימְנָה֙ אֶת־נִדְרֵיכֶ֔ם וְעָשֹׂ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ינָה אֶת־נִדְרֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | This is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘You and your wives have spoken vociferously, and you have confirmed it for your part, saying, «We will certainly fulfil our vows which we have made, to burn incense to the queen of heaven and to pour out libations to her.» You will certainly carry out your vows, and your vows you will certainly perform. |
this is what ← thus.
vociferously ← by your mouth. for your part ← by your hands. Compare Isa 1:12. certainly ... certainly ... certainly: cases of infinitive absolute. queen of heaven: see Jer 7:18. your vows ... your vows: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Jer 44:26 | לָכֵן֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה כָּל־יְהוּדָ֕ה הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הִנְנִ֨י נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי בִּשְׁמִ֤י הַגָּדוֹל֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־יִהְיֶה֩ ע֨וֹד שְׁמִ֜י נִקְרָ֣א ׀ בְּפִ֣י ׀ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֹמֵ֛ר חַי־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | Therefore hear the word of the Lord, all you of Judah who are living in the land of Egypt. Behold, I have sworn by my great name, says the Lord, that my name will certainly not be called on in the mouth of any man of Judah, saying, «As my Lord the Lord lives», in all the land of Egypt. |
behold ← behold me.
will certainly not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. any ← every. |
| Jer 44:27 | הִנְנִ֨י שֹׁקֵ֧ד עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָעָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א לְטוֹבָ֑ה וְתַמּוּ֩ כָל־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם בַּחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב עַד־כְּלוֹתָֽם׃ | I am about to watch over them to their detriment and not to their benefit, and every man of Judah who is in the land of Egypt will come to an end by the sword and by famine until they have been annihilated. | I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 44:28 | וּפְלִיטֵ֨י חֶ֜רֶב יְשֻׁב֨וּן מִן־אֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֑ר וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה הַבָּאִ֤ים לְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לָג֣וּר שָׁ֔ם דְּבַר־מִ֥י יָק֖וּם מִמֶּ֥נִּי וּמֵהֶֽם׃ | But some who escape the sword will return from the land of Egypt to the land of Judah – a few men – and the whole residue of Judah who went to the land of Egypt to take up residence there will know whose word will be established, mine or theirs. |
a few men ← man of number.
or: disjunctive use of the vav in an affirmative context. |
| Jer 44:29 | וְזֹאת־לָכֶ֤ם הָאוֹת֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־פֹקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי֩ ק֨וֹם יָק֧וּמוּ דְבָרַ֛י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְרָעָֽה׃ ס | And this is a sign to you, says the Lord, that I am going to visit you in this place, so that you will know that my words concerning you to your detriment will certainly be established. | certainly be established: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 44:30 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִ֣י נֹ֠תֵן אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֨ה חָפְרַ֤ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבָ֔יו וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֜תִּי אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה בְּיַ֨ד נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֹיְב֖וֹ וּמְבַקֵּ֥שׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ ס | This is what the Lord says: «I am about to deliver Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those who seek his life, as I delivered Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon – his enemy, and one who sought his life.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. life (2x) ← soul. |
| Jer 45:1 | הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּר֙ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֔יא אֶל־בָּר֖וּךְ בֶּֽן־נֵֽרִיָּ֑ה בְּכָתְבוֹ֩ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה עַל־סֵ֙פֶר֙ מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָֽרְבִעִ֔ית לִיהוֹיָקִ֧ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֛הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | The words which Jeremiah the prophet spoke to Baruch the son of Neriah, when he wrote these words in a book at Jeremiah's dictation in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, and he said, |
words ← word, speech.
at Jeremiah's dictation ← from Jeremiah's mouth. |
| Jer 45:2 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ׃ | “This is what the Lord God of Israel says to you, Baruch: |
this is what ← thus.
to you: or concerning you. |
| Jer 45:3 | אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֽוֹי־נָ֣א לִ֔י כִּֽי־יָסַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה יָג֖וֹן עַל־מַכְאֹבִ֑י יָגַ֙עְתִּי֙ בְּאַנְחָתִ֔י וּמְנוּחָ֖ה לֹ֥א מָצָֽאתִי׃ ס | ‘You have said, «Oh woe is me, for the Lord has added grief to my sorrow. I have toiled in my sighing, and I have not found rest.» ’ | toiled: AV differs somewhat (fainted). |
| Jer 45:4 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ תֹּאמַ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִ֙יתִי֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹרֵ֔ס וְאֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֖עְתִּי אֲנִ֣י נֹתֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ הִֽיא׃ | This is what you will say to him: ‘This is what the Lord says: «Behold, what I have built, I will demolish, and what I have planted, I will pluck up, so doing to all that land. | this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 45:5 | וְאַתָּ֛ה תְּבַקֶּשׁ־לְךָ֥ גְדֹל֖וֹת אַל־תְּבַקֵּ֑שׁ כִּ֡י הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא רָעָ֤ה עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂר֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֨י לְךָ֤ אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל עַ֥ל כָּל־הַמְּקֹמ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּֽלֶךְ־שָֽׁם׃ ס | Now will you ask for great things for yourself? Do not ask for them, for I am about to bring harm on all flesh, says the Lord, but I will give you your life as spoil in all the places you go to.» ’ ” |
ask for (2x): or seek.
I am about to ← behold me. life ← soul. |
| Jer 46:1 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֧ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא עַל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | The word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations, | came ← became. |
| Jer 46:2 | לְמִצְרַ֗יִם עַל־חֵ֨יל פַּרְעֹ֤ה נְכוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָ֖ת בְּכַרְכְּמִ֑שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכָּ֗ה נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַת֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔ית לִיהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | about Egypt, concerning the forces of Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt, which were at the River Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon attacked in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah. | |
| Jer 46:3 | עִרְכ֤וּ מָגֵן֙ וְצִנָּ֔ה וּגְשׁ֖וּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
“Take up the buckler and the shield, And give battle. |
take up ← arrange.
buckler ... shield: a buckler is a small round shield; the other shield is large and oblong, or rectangular and door-like. give ← approach. |
| Jer 46:4 | אִסְר֣וּ הַסּוּסִ֗ים וַֽעֲלוּ֙ הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑ים מִרְקוּ֙ הָֽרְמָחִ֔ים לִבְשׁ֖וּ הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃ |
Harness the horses, And mount them, you horsemen, And take your stand in helmets. Polish the spears; Put the coat of mail on. |
|
| Jer 46:5 | מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Why have I seen them in a state of fear, In retreat, With their warriors routed, And fleeing hastily, Not turning round, With fear all around? Says the Lord. |
fleeing hastily ← fleeing a flight. |
| Jer 46:6 | אַל־יָנ֣וּס הַקַּ֔ל וְאַל־יִמָּלֵ֖ט הַגִּבּ֑וֹר צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ עַל־יַ֣ד נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כָּשְׁל֖וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃ |
Don't let the light foot soldiers flee, And don't let the warrior take flight; They will falter and fall in the north By the side of the River Euphrates. |
take flight ← escape. |
| Jer 46:7 | מִי־זֶ֖ה כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֑ה כַּנְּהָר֕וֹת יִֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ מֵימָֽיו׃ |
Who is this who is arising like the Nile, Whose water rages as with fast-flowing rivers? |
Nile: a word for river, typically used of the Nile.
rivers: the word is especially used of the Tigris and the Euphrates, and it implies a good current of water. |
| Jer 46:8 | מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַֽעֲלֶה֙ אֲכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ אֹבִ֥ידָה עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ |
Egypt is rising like the Nile, Whose water rages as with fast-flowing rivers, And it has said, ‘I will rise up and cover the land. I will destroy the city And the inhabitants in it.’ |
Nile: see Jer 46:7. |
| Jer 46:9 | עֲל֤וּ הַסּוּסִים֙ וְהִתְהֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב וְיֵצְא֖וּ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים כּ֤וּשׁ וּפוּט֙ תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָגֵ֔ן וְלוּדִ֕ים תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י דֹּ֥רְכֵי קָֽשֶׁת׃ |
Rise up, you horses, And move madly, you chariots, And let the warriors set out – Ethiopians and Libyans Who wield the shield, And the Lydians Who wield and draw the bow. |
chariots: collective usage, chariot fleet. |
| Jer 46:10 | וְֽהַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא לַאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת י֤וֹם נְקָמָה֙ לְהִנָּקֵ֣ם מִצָּרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֥ה חֶ֙רֶב֙ וְשָׂ֣בְעָ֔ה וְרָוְתָ֖ה מִדָּמָ֑ם כִּ֣י זֶ֠בַח לַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ צָפ֖וֹן אֶל־נְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃ |
For that day is for the Lord – The Lord of hosts – A day of vengeance, For him to be avenged on his adversaries. And the sword will consume and be satiated, And be bathed in their blood, For the Lord – the Lord of hosts – will have a sacrifice In the northern land at the River Euphrates. |
|
| Jer 46:11 | עֲלִ֤י גִלְעָד֙ וּקְחִ֣י צֳרִ֔י בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם לַשָּׁוְא֙ *הרביתי **הִרְבֵּ֣ית רְפֻא֔וֹת תְּעָלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין לָֽךְ׃ |
O virgin daughter of Egypt, Go up to Gilead And fetch balsam resin. You have increased your medications in vain, And you shall not make a recovery. |
you have increased: the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Jer 46:12 | שָׁמְע֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ קְלוֹנֵ֔ךְ וְצִוְחָתֵ֖ךְ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־גִבּ֤וֹר בְּגִבּוֹר֙ כָּשָׁ֔לוּ יַחְדָּ֖יו נָפְל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ פ |
The nations have heard of your shame, And your outcry has filled the earth, For warrior has stumbled against warrior, And the two of them have fallen together.” |
|
| Jer 46:13 | הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא לָב֗וֹא נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל לְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | The word which the Lord spoke to Jeremiah the prophet, on the occasion of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon coming to attack the land of Egypt. | |
| Jer 46:14 | הַגִּ֤ידוּ בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וְהַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ בְמִגְדּ֔וֹל וְהַשְׁמִ֥יעוּ בְנֹ֖ף וּבְתַחְפַּנְחֵ֑ס אִמְר֗וּ הִתְיַצֵּב֙ וְהָכֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־אָכְלָ֥ה חֶ֖רֶב סְבִיבֶֽיךָ׃ |
“Announce it in Egypt, And proclaim it in Migdol, And proclaim it in Noph and in Tahpanhes. Say, ‘Take your stand and prepare yourself, For the sword will consume around you.’ |
|
| Jer 46:15 | מַדּ֖וּעַ נִסְחַ֣ף אַבִּירֶ֑יךָ לֹ֣א עָמַ֔ד כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הֲדָפֽוֹ׃ |
Why have your mighty men been swept away? They did not stand firm, For the Lord repulsed them. |
The verse contains discordant associations, regularized in our English (men ... swept away ... stand firm ... them) – acceptable in Hebrew. |
| Jer 46:16 | הִרְבָּ֖ה כּוֹשֵׁ֑ל גַּם־נָפַ֞ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ ק֣וּמָה ׀ וְנָשֻׁ֣בָה אֶל־עַמֵּ֗נוּ וְאֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔נוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י חֶ֥רֶב הַיּוֹנָֽה׃ |
He made many stumble; Indeed, one fell on another, So that they said, ‘Get up and let us return to our people, And to our native land, Because of the ravaging sword.’ |
|
| Jer 46:17 | קָרְא֖וּ שָׁ֑ם פַּרְעֹ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ שָׁא֔וֹן הֶעֱבִ֖יר הַמּוֹעֵֽד׃ |
They called out there, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is in a tumult; He has let the set time pass by.’ |
|
| Jer 46:18 | חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ נְאֻם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמ֑וֹ כִּ֚י כְּתָב֣וֹר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּכְכַרְמֶ֖ל בַּיָּ֥ם יָבֽוֹא׃ |
As I live, says the king, The Lord of hosts is his name, As Tabor is among the mountains, And Carmel is by the sea, He will come. |
|
| Jer 46:19 | כְּלֵ֤י גוֹלָה֙ עֲשִׂ֣י לָ֔ךְ יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־נֹף֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְנִצְּתָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ ס |
Make yourself articles for your deportation, O resident daughter of Egypt, For Noph will become a desolation, And it will be burned without leaving an inhabitant. |
|
| Jer 46:20 | עֶגְלָ֥ה יְפֵֽה־פִיָּ֖ה מִצְרָ֑יִם קֶ֥רֶץ מִצָּפ֖וֹן בָּ֥א בָֽא׃ |
Egypt is a very beautiful calf, But destruction will come from the north – It will come. |
destruction: [BDB]= gadfly. |
| Jer 46:21 | גַּם־שְׂכִרֶ֤יהָ בְקִרְבָּהּ֙ כְּעֶגְלֵ֣י מַרְבֵּ֔ק כִּֽי־גַם־הֵ֧מָּה הִפְנ֛וּ נָ֥סוּ יַחְדָּ֖יו לֹ֣א עָמָ֑דוּ כִּ֣י י֥וֹם אֵידָ֛ם בָּ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃ |
Her hired soldiers in her precincts Are also like fatted calves, For they too have turned back And fled together and did not stand, For the day of their downfall has come over them – The time of their visitation. |
|
| Jer 46:22 | קוֹלָ֖הּ כַּנָּחָ֣שׁ יֵלֵ֑ךְ כִּֽי־בְחַ֣יִל יֵלֵ֔כוּ וּבְקַרְדֻּמּוֹת֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔הּ כְּחֹטְבֵ֖י עֵצִֽים׃ |
Her voice will give utterance like a serpent, For they will advance with an army, And they will come against her with axes, Like hewers of wood. |
give utterance ← proceed.
advance ← proceed. |
| Jer 46:23 | כָּרְת֤וּ יַעְרָהּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֖י לֹ֣א יֵֽחָקֵ֑ר כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ מֵֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
They will cut her forest down, Says the Lord, Although it cannot be searched out, For they are more numerous than locusts – Countless they are. |
|
| Jer 46:24 | הֹבִ֖ישָׁה בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד עַם־צָפֽוֹן׃ |
The daughter of Egypt will be ashamed; She will be delivered into the hand of the people of the north.” |
|
| Jer 46:25 | אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֤י פוֹקֵד֙ אֶל־אָמ֣וֹן מִנֹּ֔א וְעַל־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְעַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְעַל־אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ וְעַל־מְלָכֶ֑יהָ וְעַ֨ל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְעַ֥ל הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃ | The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says, “I am about to visit Amon of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, and its gods, and its kings – both Pharaoh and those who put their trust in him. |
I am about to ← behold me.
Amon: AV differs (multitude). [AnLx], [CB] (as an option) = name of an Egyptian idol. |
| Jer 46:26 | וּנְתַתִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֔ם וּבְיַ֛ד נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּבְיַד־עֲבָדָ֑יו וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֛ן תִּשְׁכֹּ֥ן כִּֽימֵי־קֶ֖דֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will deliver them into the hand of those who seek their lives, both into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon and into the hand of his servants. And after that it will be inhabited as in former days, says the Lord. | lives ← soul. One life per person. |
| Jer 46:27 | וְ֠אַתָּה אַל־תִּירָ֞א עַבְדִּ֤י יַֽעֲקֹב֙ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֠י הִנְנִ֤י מוֹשִֽׁעֲךָ֙ מֵֽרָח֔וֹק וְאֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֖ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ שִׁבְיָ֑ם וְשָׁ֧ב יַעֲק֛וֹב וְשָׁקַ֥ט וְשַׁאֲנַ֖ן וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ ס |
But don't you fear, Jacob my servant, And do not be afraid, Israel, For I am about to save you from a distance, And your seed from the land of their captivity, And Jacob will return, And he will be quiet and undisturbed, With no-one causing fear. |
|| Jer 30:10.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 46:28 | אַ֠תָּה אַל־תִּירָ֞א עַבְדִּ֤י יַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אִתְּךָ֖ אָ֑נִי כִּי֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה כָלָ֜ה בְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִדַּחְתִּ֣יךָ שָׁ֗מָּה וְאֹֽתְךָ֙ לֹא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָלָ֔ה וְיִסַּרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֥א אֲנַקֶּֽךָּ׃ ס |
Don't you fear, my servant Jacob, Says the Lord, For I am with you, For I will make an end of all the nations To which I have driven you, But I will not make an end of you, But I will discipline you judicially And I will certainly not acquit you.” |
|| Jer 30:11.
to which ← to where. judicially ← to / for judgment. certainly not acquit you: infinitive absolute. AV differs somewhat (not leave thee wholly unpunished). |
| Jer 47:1 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֧ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא אֶל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכֶּ֥ה פַרְעֹ֖ה אֶת־עַזָּֽה׃ ס | The word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines, before Pharaoh attacked Gaza. | came ← became. |
| Jer 47:2 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנֵּה־מַ֜יִם עֹלִ֤ים מִצָּפוֹן֙ וְהָיוּ֙ לְנַ֣חַל שׁוֹטֵ֔ף וְיִשְׁטְפוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְזָֽעֲקוּ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְהֵילִ֕ל כֹּ֖ל יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
“This is what the Lord says: ‘Behold water rising up from the north, Which will become an overflowing torrent, And which will inundate the land and its fulness, And the city and those inhabiting it. And the men will shout out, And every inhabitant of the land will howl. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 47:3 | מִקּ֗וֹל שַֽׁעֲטַת֙ פַּרְס֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו מֵרַ֣עַשׁ לְרִכְבּ֔וֹ הֲמ֖וֹן גַּלְגִּלָּ֑יו לֹֽא־הִפְנ֤וּ אָבוֹת֙ אֶל־בָּנִ֔ים מֵֽרִפְי֖וֹן יָדָֽיִם׃ |
At the sound of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong horses, At the rattling of his chariot fleet – The clatter of its wheels – The fathers will not turn their attention to their sons, From their lack of strength, |
strong horses ← strong (ones), bulls in Jer 50:11, Ps 22:13 (Ps 22:12AV).
their lack of strength ← the weakness of hands. |
| Jer 47:4 | עַל־הַיּ֗וֹם הַבָּא֙ לִשְׁד֣וֹד אֶת־כָּל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהַכְרִ֤ית לְצֹר֙ וּלְצִיד֔וֹן כֹּ֖ל שָׂרִ֣יד עֹזֵ֑ר כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים שְׁאֵרִ֖ית אִ֥י כַפְתּֽוֹר׃ |
Because of the day which is coming, To plunder all the Philistines, To cut off every remnant Who assists Tyre and Sidon, For the Lord will plunder the Philistines, And the remnant of the island of Caphtor. |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15.
Caphtor: perhaps Crete; see [CB], [ST]. |
| Jer 47:5 | בָּ֤אָה קָרְחָה֙ אֶל־עַזָּ֔ה נִדְמְתָ֥ה אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן שְׁאֵרִ֣ית עִמְקָ֑ם עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּתְגּוֹדָֽדִי׃ ס |
Baldness has come on Gaza; Ashkelon is reduced to silence, As is the rest of their valley. How long will you make incisions on yourself? |
baldness: the sign of mourning [CB]. |
| Jer 47:6 | ה֗וֹי חֶ֚רֶב לַֽיהוָ֔ה עַד־אָ֖נָה לֹ֣א תִשְׁקֹ֑טִי הֵאָֽסְפִי֙ אַל־תַּעְרֵ֔ךְ הֵרָגְעִ֖י וָדֹֽמִּי׃ |
Alas! O sword of the Lord, How long will you not be at rest? Be put back in your sheath; Rest and be quiet. |
|
| Jer 47:7 | אֵ֣יךְ תִּשְׁקֹ֔טִי וַֽיהוָ֖ה צִוָּה־לָ֑הּ אֶֽל־אַשְׁקְל֛וֹן וְאֶל־ח֥וֹף הַיָּ֖ם שָׁ֥ם יְעָדָֽהּ׃ ס |
How can you be at rest? Because the Lord has commanded it in Ashkelon And at the sea coast – He has appointed it there.’ ” |
|
| Jer 48:1 | לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃ |
To Moab, this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says:
“Woe to Nebo, For it has been devastated. Kiriathaim has been put to shame and captured. Misgab has been put to shame And is in disarray. |
this is what ← thus.
Misgab ← the Misgab. |
| Jer 48:2 | אֵ֣ין עוֹד֮ תְּהִלַּ֣ת מוֹאָב֒ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן חָשְׁב֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ רָעָ֔ה לְכ֖וּ וְנַכְרִיתֶ֣נָּה מִגּ֑וֹי גַּם־מַדְמֵ֣ן תִּדֹּ֔מִּי אַחֲרַ֖יִךְ תֵּ֥לֶךְ חָֽרֶב׃ |
There is no more praising of Moab. In Heshbon they have plotted harm against it, saying, ‘Come, let us cut it off from being a nation.’ City of Madmen, you will also be reduced to silence; The sword will come after you. |
Heshbon ... plotted: a play on words in Hebrew. |
| Jer 48:3 | ק֥וֹל צְעָקָ֖ה מֵחֹֽרוֹנָ֑יִם שֹׁ֖ד וָשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃ |
There is a sound of shouting from Horonaim, Of violence and large scale wreckage. |
|
| Jer 48:4 | נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה מוֹאָ֑ב הִשְׁמִ֥יעוּ זְּעָקָ֖ה *צעוריה **צְעִירֶֽיהָ׃ |
Moab has collapsed; Her young ones have uttered a shout. |
young ones: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue. |
| Jer 48:5 | כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ |
For in the ascent of {Q: Luhith} [K: Luhoth], Weeping upon weeping will arise. For at the descent of Horonaim, The distressing shout of destruction was heard. |
Luhith (qeré) ... Luhoth (ketiv) ← the Luhith (qeré) ... the Luhoth (ketiv).
distressing shout ← distresses of a shout. AV differs (cry of destruction). was heard ← they have heard. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 48:6 | נֻ֖סוּ מַלְּט֣וּ נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְתִֽהְיֶ֕ינָה כַּעֲרוֹעֵ֖ר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
Take flight, Save your life, And be like a leafless tree In the desert. |
life ← soul.
leafless tree: AV differs somewhat (heath). A play on words with Aroer (Jer 48:19). |
| Jer 48:7 | כִּ֠י יַ֣עַן בִּטְחֵ֤ךְ בְּמַעֲשַׂ֙יִךְ֙ וּבְא֣וֹצְרוֹתַ֔יִךְ גַּם־אַ֖תְּ תִּלָּכֵ֑דִי וְיָצָ֤א *כמיש **כְמוֹשׁ֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֔ה כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו *יחד **יַחְדָּֽיו׃ |
For since your trust is in your works and your treasures, You too will be captured, And {Q: Chemosh} [K: Chemish] will go into exile – Its priests and its officials together. |
together: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Jer 48:8 | וְיָבֹ֨א שֹׁדֵ֜ד אֶל־כָּל־עִ֗יר וְעִיר֙ לֹ֣א תִמָּלֵ֔ט וְאָבַ֥ד הָעֵ֖מֶק וְנִשְׁמַ֣ד הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
The plunderer will go to every city, And no city will escape, And the valley will be lost, And the plain will be laid waste, According to what the Lord says. |
|
| Jer 48:9 | תְּנוּ־צִ֣יץ לְמוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י נָצֹ֖א תֵּצֵ֑א וְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּהֵֽן׃ |
Give Moab plumage, For it urgently needs to take flight, And its cities will be a desolation, Without any inhabitant left in them. |
urgently needs to take flight ← will go out, with an infinitive absolute of a similar (but not cognate?) verb for to take flight. |
| Jer 48:10 | אָר֗וּר עֹשֶׂ֛ה מְלֶ֥אכֶת יְהוָ֖ה רְמִיָּ֑ה וְאָר֕וּר מֹנֵ֥עַ חַרְבּ֖וֹ מִדָּֽם׃ |
Cursed is he who does the Lord's work remissly, And cursed is he who withholds his sword from blood. |
remissly ← remissness; deceit, so perhaps deceitfully. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Jer 48:11 | שַׁאֲנַ֨ן מוֹאָ֜ב מִנְּעוּרָ֗יו וְשֹׁקֵ֥ט הוּא֙ אֶל־שְׁמָרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־הוּרַ֤ק מִכְּלִי֙ אֶל־כֶּ֔לִי וּבַגּוֹלָ֖ה לֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן עָמַ֤ד טַעְמוֹ֙ בּ֔וֹ וְרֵיח֖וֹ לֹ֥א נָמָֽר׃ ס |
Moab has been at ease since its youth, And it has been resting on its lees And has not been emptied from jar to jar And has not gone into exile, Which is why its original taste remains, And its smell is unchanged. |
remains ← stands. |
| Jer 48:12 | לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃ |
Therefore behold, the days are coming, Says the Lord, When I will send tilters who will tilt it And empty its jars And burst their wineskins. |
tilters ... tilt: keeping up the symbol of a wine jar [CB], while maintaining the interpretation, since the words can mean wanderers ... make wander. |
| Jer 48:13 | וּבֹ֥שׁ מוֹאָ֖ב מִכְּמ֑וֹשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֙שׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֵּ֥ית אֵ֖ל מִבְטֶחָֽם׃ |
And Moab will be ashamed of Chemosh, As the house of Israel was ashamed of Beth-El, Their object of confidence. |
|
| Jer 48:14 | אֵ֚יךְ תֹּֽאמְר֔וּ גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
How can you say, ‘We are valiant men And warriors ready for war’? |
|
| Jer 48:15 | שֻׁדַּ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ וְעָרֶ֣יהָ עָלָ֔ה וּמִבְחַ֥ר בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו יָרְד֣וּ לַטָּ֑בַח נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
Moab has been plundered, And its cities have gone up in flames, And the elite of its youths have gone down to face slaughter, Says the king – The Lord of hosts is his name. |
has been plundered: the chapter contains many prophetic perfects (future in sense). We retain the Hebrew tense.
its cities have gone up in flames: discordant, but admissible and accepted by [CB]. AV differs (and [Moab has] gone up out of her cities). |
| Jer 48:16 | קָר֥וֹב אֵיד־מוֹאָ֖ב לָב֑וֹא וְרָ֣עָת֔וֹ מִהֲרָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
The downfall of Moab is close to coming, And its demise is hastening fast. |
fast ← much. |
| Jer 48:17 | נֻ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ כָּל־סְבִיבָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל יֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ אִמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֤ה נִשְׁבַּר֙ מַטֵּה־עֹ֔ז מַקֵּ֖ל תִּפְאָרָֽה׃ |
Bewail it, All who are around it, And all who know its name. Say, ‘How the strong sceptre has been broken – The magnificent staff.’ |
strong sceptre ... magnificent staff ← sceptre of strength ... staff of magnificence, Hebraic genitives. |
| Jer 48:18 | רְדִ֤י מִכָּבוֹד֙ *ישבי **וּשְׁבִ֣י בַצָּמָ֔א יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־דִּיב֑וֹן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ עָ֣לָה בָ֔ךְ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָֽיִךְ׃ |
Come down from glory, {Q: And dwell in thirst} [K: you who dwell in thirst], You daughter who dwells in Dibon, For the despoiler of Moab has come up against you And will sack your fortresses. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. On the ketiv construct state before a preposition, see [Ges-HG] §130a.
dwells: or, if the reader prefers, dwell (second person). |
| Jer 48:19 | אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃ |
Stand on the road and keep watch, You inhabitant of Aroer. Ask a fugitive and one who has escaped, And say, ‘What has happened?’ |
Aroer: see Jer 48:6. |
| Jer 48:20 | הֹבִ֥ישׁ מוֹאָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה *הילילי **הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ *וזעקי **וּֽזְעָ֑קוּ הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנ֔וֹן כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מוֹאָֽב׃ |
Moab has been put to shame, For it is in disarray; Wail and cry out And report in Arnon That Moab has been despoiled. |
wail ... cry out: the ketiv is feminine singular; the qeré masculine plural. |
| Jer 48:21 | וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט בָּ֖א אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֶל־חֹל֥וֹן וְאֶל־יַ֖הְצָה וְעַל־*מופעת **מֵיפָֽעַת׃ |
And judgment has come on the level country, On Holon, and on Jahzah, And on {Q: Mephaath} [K: Mophaath], |
Mephaath (qeré) ... Mophaath (ketiv): a vav / yod issue.
Jahzah: see Josh 13:8. |
| Jer 48:22 | וְעַל־דִּיב֣וֹן וְעַל־נְב֔וֹ וְעַל־בֵּ֖ית דִּבְלָתָֽיִם׃ |
And on Dibon, and on Nebo, And on Beth-Diblathaim, |
|
| Jer 48:23 | וְעַ֧ל קִרְיָתַ֛יִם וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית גָּמ֖וּל וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית מְעֽוֹן׃ |
And on Kiriathaim, and on Beth-Gamul, And on Beth-Meon, |
|
| Jer 48:24 | וְעַל־קְרִיּ֖וֹת וְעַל־בָּצְרָ֑ה וְעַ֗ל כָּל־עָרֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב הָרְחֹק֖וֹת וְהַקְּרֹבֽוֹת׃ |
And on Kerioth, and on Bozrah, And on all the cities of the land of Moab – Those far off And those nearby. |
|
| Jer 48:25 | נִגְדְּעָה֙ קֶ֣רֶן מוֹאָ֔ב וּזְרֹע֖וֹ נִשְׁבָּ֑רָה נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
The horn of Moab has been cut off, And its arm has been broken, Says the Lord. |
horn: standing for power, prestige. |
| Jer 48:26 | הַשְׁכִּירֻ֕הוּ כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּ֑יל וְסָפַ֤ק מוֹאָב֙ בְּקִיא֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לִשְׂחֹ֖ק גַּם־הֽוּא׃ |
Make it drunk, For it has exalted itself against the Lord. But Moab will wallow in its own vomit, And it too will become a laughing stock. |
|
| Jer 48:27 | וְאִ֣ם ׀ ל֣וֹא הַשְּׂחֹ֗ק הָיָ֤ה לְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־בְּגַנָּבִ֖ים *נמצאה **נִמְצָ֑א כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֧י דְבָרֶ֥יךָ בּ֖וֹ תִּתְנוֹדָֽד׃ |
And was not Israel a laughing stock to you? Was it found among thieves? For every time you speak against it, You convulse with laughter. |
it found: the ketiv is feminine; the qeré masculine.
every time ← whenever your words (are). convulse with laughter ← shake yourself. |
| Jer 48:28 | עִזְב֤וּ עָרִים֙ וְשִׁכְנ֣וּ בַּסֶּ֔לַע יֹשְׁבֵ֖י מוֹאָ֑ב וִֽהְי֣וּ כְיוֹנָ֔ה תְּקַנֵּ֖ן בְּעֶבְרֵ֥י פִי־פָֽחַת׃ |
Leave the cities and dwell in the rock, You inhabitants of Moab, And be like a dove; It builds its nest at the sides of the mouth of a pit. |
|
| Jer 48:29 | שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּאֶ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד גָּבְה֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ וְרֻ֥ם לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
We have heard of the pride of Moab – He is very proud – His arrogance and his pride and his haughtiness, And the exaltation of his heart. |
|| Isa 16:6. |
| Jer 48:30 | אֲנִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה עֶבְרָת֖וֹ וְלֹא־כֵ֑ן בַּדָּ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃ |
I know, Says the Lord, His presumptuousness, But he is dishonest; His lies deal dishonestly. |
|| Isa 16:6.
dishonest ... dishonestly: AV differs (it shall not be so), which is also possible. |
| Jer 48:31 | עַל־כֵּן֙ עַל־מוֹאָ֣ב אֲיֵלִ֔יל וּלְמוֹאָ֥ב כֻּלֹּ֖ה אֶזְעָ֑ק אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י קִֽיר־חֶ֖רֶשׂ יֶהְגֶּֽה׃ |
Which is why I will wail for Moab, And for all Moab I will cry out, And for the men of Kir-Heres he will lament. |
|| Isa 16:7.
he will lament: understand the Lord will lament. A change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew. Some manuscripts read I will lament [BHS-CA]. |
| Jer 48:32 | מִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃ |
O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for you With more than the weeping of Jazer. Your shoots have crossed the sea; They have reached the sea of Jazer. The plunderer has attacked your summer harvest and your grape harvest. |
|| Isa 16:8.
This and the following verses describe a future event at the time as if recounting a vision, so using the past tense. Jazer (2x): see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, but in Num 21:32, Jaazer. |
| Jer 48:33 | וְנֶאֶסְפָ֨ה שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִ֛יל מִכַּרְמֶ֖ל וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב וְיַ֙יִן֙ מִיקָבִ֣ים הִשְׁבַּ֔תִּי לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֣ךְ הֵידָ֔ד הֵידָ֖ד לֹ֥א הֵידָֽד׃ |
And joy and rejoicing have been taken away From the cultivated land and from the land of Moab. And I have put a stop to wine from the wine vats; They will not tread wine with shouting – The shouting will be different shouting. |
|| Isa 16:10.
taken away ← gathered in, an expression used of death, as in Gen 25:8. different shouting ← no shouting. |
| Jer 48:34 | מִזַּעֲקַ֨ת חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן עַד־אֶלְעָלֵ֗ה עַד־יַ֙הַץ֙ נָתְנ֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם מִצֹּ֙עַר֙ עַד־חֹ֣רֹנַ֔יִם עֶגְלַ֖ת שְׁלִֽשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֚י גַּם־מֵ֣י נִמְרִ֔ים לִמְשַׁמּ֖וֹת יִהְיֽוּ׃ |
Because of the crying out in Heshbon to Elealeh, And to Jahaz, They have raised their voice, And from Zoar to Horonaim – A heifer three years old – For the waters of Nimrim will also become desolations. |
Elealeh: see Num 32:3.
Jahaz: AV= Jahaz here, but see Josh 13:18. a heifer three years old: the expression also occurs in Isa 15:5. |
| Jer 48:35 | וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י לְמוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מַעֲלֶ֣ה בָמָ֔ה וּמַקְטִ֖יר לֵאלֹהָֽיו׃ |
And I will put a stop, Says the Lord, To anyone in Moab going up to an idolatrous raised site, And burning incense to his gods. |
|
| Jer 48:36 | עַל־כֵּ֞ן לִבִּ֤י לְמוֹאָב֙ כַּחֲלִלִ֣ים יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְלִבִּי֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י קִֽיר־חֶ֔רֶשׂ כַּחֲלִילִ֖ים יֶהֱמֶ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן יִתְרַ֥ת עָשָׂ֖ה אָבָֽדוּ׃ |
This is why my heart is humming for Moab Like pipe music for a dirge, And my heart is humming for the men of Kir-Heres Like pipe music: Because the wealth which they had accumulated Has gone to waste. |
|| Isa 16:11.
humming (2x): or disquieted. The verb is used of emotion as well as physical motion and sounds. men ... wealth ... they had accumulated ... gone to waste: discordant, but acceptable in Hebrew. |
| Jer 48:37 | כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֙יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃ |
For every head will be bald, And every beard removed. On all hands will be incisions, And around the waist, Sackcloth. |
bald ← baldness, a sign of mourning. Adjectival use of the noun. |
| Jer 48:38 | עַ֣ל כָּל־גַּגּ֥וֹת מוֹאָ֛ב וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֖יהָ כֻּלֹּ֣ה מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב כִּכְלִ֛י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּ֖וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
On all the roofs of Moab and in its streets There will be mourning all round, For I will have broken Moab Like an article in which there is no satisfaction, Says the Lord. |
all round ← all of it.
satisfaction ← pleasure. |
| Jer 48:39 | אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס |
‘How it is in disarray’, They will howl, ‘How Moab has turned its back in shame.’ And Moab will be a laughing stock And a cause of trepidation To all those around it. |
|
| Jer 48:40 | כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה כַנֶּ֖שֶׁר יִדְאֶ֑ה וּפָרַ֥שׂ כְּנָפָ֖יו אֶל־מוֹאָֽב׃ |
For this is what the Lord says: ‘Look, he will swoop like an eagle And spread his wings over Moab. |
this is what ← thus.
he: i.e. Nebuchadnezzar [CB]. |
| Jer 48:41 | נִלְכְּדָה֙ הַקְּרִיּ֔וֹת וְהַמְּצָד֖וֹת נִתְפָּ֑שָׂה וְֽ֠הָיָה לֵ֞ב גִּבּוֹרֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כְּלֵ֖ב אִשָּׁ֥ה מְצֵרָֽה׃ |
Kerioth will be captured, And the strongholds will be taken, And the hearts of the warriors of Moab on that day Will be like the heart of a woman in labour pains. |
Kerioth ← the Kerioth.
hearts ← heart. |
| Jer 48:42 | וְנִשְׁמַ֥ד מוֹאָ֖ב מֵעָ֑ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּֽיל׃ |
And Moab will be cut off from being a people, For it has exalted itself against the Lord. |
|
| Jer 48:43 | פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֛יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב מוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Fear, and a pitfall, and a snare Are looming over you, You inhabitants of Moab, Says the Lord. |
|| Isa 24:17.
inhabitants ← inhabitant. |
| Jer 48:44 | *הניס **הַנָּ֞ס מִפְּנֵ֤י הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעֹלֶה֙ מִן־הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא אֵלֶ֧יהָ אֶל־מוֹאָ֛ב שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And {K: the fugitive} [Q: he who flees] from the fear Will fall into the pit, And he who comes up out of the pit Will be caught in the snare, For I will bring on it – On Moab – The year of their visitation, Says the Lord. |
the fugitive: in the ketiv, the word נִיס is of similar form to קִים, adversary, in Job 22:20, so a valid form of word-formation.
|| Isa 24:18. |
| Jer 48:45 | בְּצֵ֥ל חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עָמְד֖וּ מִכֹּ֣חַ נָסִ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֞שׁ יָצָ֣א מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ין סִיח֔וֹן וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ פְּאַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְקָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוֹן׃ |
Those who flee from the invading force Will stand in the shadow of Heshbon, But a fire will come out of Heshbon, And a flame from the midst of Sihon, And it will consume the sideboards of Moab And the crown of the head of the tumultuous warriors. |
|| Num 21:28.
tumultuous warriors ← sons of tumult. [AnLx] gives tumultuous warriors. |
| Jer 48:46 | אוֹי־לְךָ֣ מוֹאָ֔ב אָבַ֖ד עַם־כְּמ֑וֹשׁ כִּֽי־לֻקְּח֤וּ בָנֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔בִי וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ בַּשִּׁבְיָֽה׃ |
Woe to you, Moab. The people of Chemosh have been ruined, For your sons have been taken into captivity, And your daughters into deportation. |
|| Num 21:29.
ruined: the usual meaning is perished, but the rest of the verse indicates individuals surviving. |
| Jer 48:47 | וְשַׁבְתִּ֧י שְׁבוּת־מוֹאָ֛ב בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה עַד־הֵ֖נָּה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט מוֹאָֽב׃ ס |
But I will reverse the captivity of Moab In the latter days, Says the Lord.’ ” That was the judgment on Moab. |
that was ← up to here; compare Dutch tot zover (to so far), as a signing off formula. |
| Jer 49:1 | לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲבָנִ֥ים אֵין֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־יוֹרֵ֖שׁ אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ מַדּ֗וּעַ יָרַ֤שׁ מַלְכָּם֙ אֶת־גָּ֔ד וְעַמּ֖וֹ בְּעָרָ֥יו יָשָֽׁב׃ |
To the sons of Ammon, this is what the Lord says:
“Does Israel not have sons? Does it not have an heir? Why has their king dispossessed Gad, So that his people live in his cities? |
to: or concerning.
this is what ← thus. so that his people live in his cities: i.e. so that Ammon's people live in Gad's cities. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Jer 49:2 | לָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּה֩ יָמִ֨ים בָּאִ֜ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְ֠הִשְׁמַעְתִּי אֶל־רַבַּ֨ת בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן תְּרוּעַ֣ת מִלְחָמָ֗ה וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְתֵ֣ל שְׁמָמָ֔ה וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּצַּ֑תְנָה וְיָרַ֧שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־יֹרְשָׁ֖יו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
Behold, that is why the days are coming, Says the Lord, When I will cause a battle-cry to be heard in Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, And it will become a desolate heap of ruins, And its satellite villages will be burned with fire, And Israel will inherit those who dispossessed it, Says the Lord. |
a desolate heap of ruins ← a mound of desolation.
satellite villages ← daughters. |
| Jer 49:3 | הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃ |
Howl, Heshbon, For Ai has been sacked. Cry out, you satellite villages of Rabbah. Bind on sackcloth, mourn; Run to and fro in the fenced places, For their king will go into exile, Together with his priests and his officials. |
satellite villages ← daughters. |
| Jer 49:4 | מַה־תִּתְהַֽלְלִי֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים זָ֣ב עִמְקֵ֔ךְ הַבַּ֖ת הַשּֽׁוֹבֵבָ֑ה הַבֹּֽטְחָה֙ בְּאֹ֣צְרֹתֶ֔יהָ מִ֖י יָב֥וֹא אֵלָֽי׃ |
Why do you boast of the valleys, O flowing valley of yours? – O rebellious daughter, Who trust in your treasures, Thinking, ‘Who can come against me?’ |
flowing: [CB], with blood.
your ← her. The change of grammatical person is not unusual. See Jer 22:24. We regularize here. |
| Jer 49:5 | הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא עָלַ֜יִךְ פַּ֗חַד נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ וְנִדַּחְתֶּם֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מְקַבֵּ֖ץ לַנֹּדֵֽד׃ |
I am about to bring fear on you, Says the Lord, The Lord of hosts, Of all those around you. And you will be driven out, Each at his advance, And there will be no-one gathering up him who flees. |
I am about to ← behold me.
at his advance ← before him. Or straight ahead. flees: or wanders. |
| Jer 49:6 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
But afterwards I will reverse the captivity of the sons of Ammon, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Jer 49:7 | לֶאֱד֗וֹם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הַאֵ֥ין ע֛וֹד חָכְמָ֖ה בְּתֵימָ֑ן אָבְדָ֤ה עֵצָה֙ מִבָּנִ֔ים נִסְרְחָ֖ה חָכְמָתָֽם׃ |
To Edom, this is what the Lord of hosts says:
“Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Has counsel deserted those who should have understanding? Has their wisdom been spilt? |
this is what ← thus.
deserted ← perished from. been spilt: or become putrid. |
| Jer 49:8 | נֻ֤סוּ הָפְנוּ֙ הֶעְמִ֣יקוּ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת יֹשְׁבֵ֖י דְּדָ֑ן כִּ֣י אֵ֥יד עֵשָׂ֛ו הֵבֵ֥אתִי עָלָ֖יו עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיו׃ |
Flee, turn; Make where you live deep down, You inhabitants of Dedan, For I will bring the downfall of Esau on it When I visit it. |
turn: a rare hophal imperative. Only here and Ezek 32:19 according to [Ges-HG] §46 a2, but also Job 21:5. |
| Jer 49:9 | אִם־בֹּֽצְרִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔ךְ לֹ֥א יַשְׁאִ֖רוּ עֽוֹלֵל֑וֹת אִם־גַּנָּבִ֥ים בַּלַּ֖יְלָה הִשְׁחִ֥יתוּ דַיָּֽם׃ |
If those who pick grapes come to you, They will not leave anything to glean. If thieves come in the night, They will plunder as much as they want. |
|| Obad 1:5.
anything to glean ← gleanings. as much as they want ← their sufficiency. |
| Jer 49:10 | כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י חָשַׂ֣פְתִּי אֶת־עֵשָׂ֗ו גִּלֵּ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־מִסְתָּרָ֔יו וְנֶחְבָּ֖ה לֹ֣א יוּכָ֑ל שֻׁדַּ֥ד זַרְע֛וֹ וְאֶחָ֥יו וּשְׁכֵנָ֖יו וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ |
For I have laid Esau bare; I have revealed his secret places, And he cannot hide. His seed has been despoiled, As have his brothers and his neighbours, And he is not to be found. |
|| Obad 1:6.
laid ... bare: the same word as investigated in Obad 1:6, but we translate maintaining parallelism within the verse (laid bare ... revealed). hide: an anomalous ↴ |
| Jer 49:11 | עָזְבָ֥ה יְתֹמֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֣י אֲחַיֶּ֑ה וְאַלְמְנֹתֶ֖יךָ עָלַ֥י תִּבְטָֽחוּ׃ ס |
Leave your orphans; I will sustain them, And your widows will trust in me. |
↳ infinitive absolute [AnLx], in the role of an infinitive construct. |
| Jer 49:12 | כִּי־כֹ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִ֠נֵּה אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֨ין מִשְׁפָּטָ֜ם לִשְׁתּ֤וֹת הַכּוֹס֙ שָׁת֣וֹ יִשְׁתּ֔וּ וְאַתָּ֣ה ה֔וּא נָקֹ֖ה תִּנָּקֶ֑ה לֹ֣א תִנָּקֶ֔ה כִּ֥י שָׁתֹ֖ה תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord says: ‘Behold, those whose judgment was not to drink the cup have certainly drunk it, so will you be the one who is completely absolved? You will not be absolved, but you will certainly drink it. |
|| Obad 1:16.
this is what ← thus. certainly drunk ... completely absolved ... certainly drink: all infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 49:13 | כִּ֣י בִ֤י נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־לְשַׁמָּ֧ה לְחֶרְפָּ֛ה לְחֹ֥רֶב וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה בָצְרָ֑ה וְכָל־עָרֶ֥יהָ תִהְיֶ֖ינָה לְחָרְב֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃ | For I have sworn by myself, says the Lord, that Bozrah will be a desolation, an object of reproach, a desert and an object of cursing. And all its cities will become age-abiding desert places.’ ” | |
| Jer 49:14 | שְׁמוּעָ֤ה שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וְצִ֖יר בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם שָׁל֑וּחַ הִֽתְקַבְּצוּ֙ וּבֹ֣אוּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וְק֖וּמוּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
I have heard a report from the Lord, And an envoy sent among the nations, Saying, “Assemble and come against it, And rise up for war. |
|| Obad 1:1.
against it ← against her, i.e. Bozrah. |
| Jer 49:15 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֖וּי בָּאָדָֽם׃ |
For look, I will make you small among the nations – Despised among men. |
|| Obad 1:2. |
| Jer 49:16 | תִּֽפְלַצְתְּךָ֞ הִשִּׁ֤יא אֹתָךְ֙ זְד֣וֹן לִבֶּ֔ךָ שֹֽׁכְנִי֙ בְּחַגְוֵ֣י הַסֶּ֔לַע תֹּפְשִׂ֖י מְר֣וֹם גִּבְעָ֑ה כִּֽי־תַגְבִּ֤יהַ כַּנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ קִנֶּ֔ךָ מִשָּׁ֥ם אֽוֹרִידְךָ֖ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Your monstrous idol has deceived you By the presumption of your heart, You who dwell in the fissures of the rock – You who hold the summit of the hill. Even if you make your nest as high as an eagle, I will bring you down from there, Says the Lord. |
|| Obad 1:3, Obad 1:4.
summit ← height. |
| Jer 49:17 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה אֱד֖וֹם לְשַׁמָּ֑ה כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽהָ׃ |
And Edom will become a desolation. Everyone who passes through it Will be astonished And will jeer at all its wrecked places, |
jeer ← hiss.
wrecked places ← strikings. |
| Jer 49:18 | כְּֽמַהְפֵּכַ֞ת סְדֹ֧ם וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וּשְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ |
As at the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and its neighbours, Says the Lord. Not a man will dwell there, And not a son of Adam will reside in it. |
|
| Jer 49:19 | הִ֠נֵּה כְּאַרְיֵ֞ה יַעֲלֶ֨ה מִגְּא֣וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ אֶל־נְוֵ֣ה אֵיתָן֒ כִּֽי־אַרְגִּ֤יעָה אֲרִיצֶ֨נּוּ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ וּמִ֥י בָח֖וּר אֵלֶ֣יהָ אֶפְקֹ֑ד כִּ֣י מִ֤י כָמ֙וֹנִי֙ וּמִ֣י יֹעִידֶ֔נִּי וּמִי־זֶ֣ה רֹעֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָֽי׃ ס |
Behold, he will come up like a lion From the splendour of the Jordan, To the residence of the strong one, For I will act all of a sudden And make it run from the place. And who is chosen So that I may appoint him over it? For who is like me, And who can arraign me? And who is this shepherd Who will stand before me? |
|| Jer 50:44.
he: i.e. Nebuchadnezzar [CB]. it: i.e. Edom [CB]. from the place ← from on her, i.e. Idumea [CB]. appoint him: i.e. Nebuchadnezzar [CB]. over it ← over her, i.e. Idumea ([CB], the pasturage). |
| Jer 49:20 | לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־אֱד֔וֹם וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י תֵימָ֑ן אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְוֵהֶֽם׃ |
So hear the counsel of the Lord With which he gave counsel concerning Edom, And his purposes which he has conceived Regarding the inhabitants of Teman. Men will certainly drag away the young of the sheep; He will certainly devastate their dwelling places, To their cost. |
|| Jer 50:45.
will certainly drag away ... will certainly devastate: asseverations using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). the young of the sheep: in apposition to the suffix (יִסְחָבוּם). AV differs (surely the least of the flock shall draw them out), possible, but the sense is unclear. to their cost ← on them. |
| Jer 49:21 | מִקּ֣וֹל נִפְלָ֔ם רָעֲשָׁ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ צְעָקָ֕ה בְּיַם־ס֖וּף נִשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלָֽהּ׃ |
At the sound of their fall, The earth will shake. As for the outcry, The sound of it will be heard at the Red Sea. |
|| Jer 50:46.
earth: or land. |
| Jer 49:22 | הִנֵּ֤ה כַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ יַעֲלֶ֣ה וְיִדְאֶ֔ה וְיִפְרֹ֥שׂ כְּנָפָ֖יו עַל־בָּצְרָ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה לֵ֞ב גִּבּוֹרֵ֤י אֱדוֹם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כְּלֵ֖ב אִשָּׁ֥ה מְצֵרָֽה׃ ס |
Look, he will rise like an eagle And swoop and spread his wings over Bozrah, And the hearts of the warriors of Edom on that day Will be like the heart of a woman in labour pains.” |
hearts ← heart. One heart per warrior. |
| Jer 49:23 | לְדַמֶּ֗שֶׂק בּ֤וֹשָֽׁה חֲמָת֙ וְאַרְפָּ֔ד כִּי־שְׁמֻעָ֥ה רָעָ֛ה שָׁמְע֖וּ נָמֹ֑גוּ בַּיָּ֣ם דְּאָגָ֔ה הַשְׁקֵ֖ט לֹ֥א יוּכָֽל׃ |
To Damascus:
“Hamath has been put to shame, As has Arpad, For they have heard a calamitous report. They are melting away. In the sea there is anxiety; It cannot be at rest. |
|
| Jer 49:24 | רָפְתָ֥ה דַמֶּ֛שֶׂק הִפְנְתָ֥ה לָנ֖וּס וְרֶ֣טֶט ׀ הֶחֱזִ֑יקָה צָרָ֧ה וַחֲבָלִ֛ים אֲחָזַ֖תָּה כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ |
Damascus has become feeble; It has taken to flight, And trembling has seized it. Distress and pains have seized it, As a woman in childbirth. |
taken to flight ← turned to flee.
has seized it: we take the verb as a suffix form. No mappiq in the suffix required [Ges-HG]. רֶטֶט marked as masculine in [AnLx]. |
| Jer 49:25 | אֵ֥יךְ לֹֽא־עֻזְּבָ֖ה עִ֣יר *תהלה **תְּהִלָּ֑ת קִרְיַ֖ת מְשׂוֹשִֽׂי׃ |
How the praised city is unrestored – My joyful town! |
praised: the qeré seems unnecessary.
praised city ... my joyful town ← city of praise ... town of my joy, Hebraic genitives. unrestored: see Ex 23:5 (here the verb is negated). AV differs (not left). See [CB] and עָזַב II in [BDB]. |
| Jer 49:26 | לָכֵ֛ן יִפְּל֥וּ בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ בִּרְחֹבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה יִדַּ֙מּוּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ |
That is why its young men will fall in its streets, And all the warriors will be cut down, On that day, Says the Lord of hosts. |
|
| Jer 49:27 | וְהִצַּ֥תִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת דַּמָּ֑שֶׂק וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת בֶּן־הֲדָֽד׃ ס |
And I will light a fire at the wall of Damascus, And it will consume the palaces of Ben-Hadad.” |
|
| Jer 49:28 | לְקֵדָ֣ר ׀ וּֽלְמַמְלְכ֣וֹת חָצ֗וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִכָּה֙ *נבוכדראצור **נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה ק֚וּמוּ עֲל֣וּ אֶל־קֵדָ֔ר וְשָׁדְד֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃ |
To Kedar and to the kingdoms of Hazor which {Q: Nebuchadrezzar} [K: Nebuchadrezzor] king of Babylon attacked. This is what the Lord says:
“Arise, go up to Kedar, And plunder the easterners. |
this is what ← thus.
easterners ← sons of the east. |
| Jer 49:29 | אָהֳלֵיהֶ֤ם וְצֹאנָם֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ יְרִיעוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם וְכָל־כְּלֵיהֶ֛ם וּגְמַלֵּיהֶ֖ם יִשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְקָרְא֧וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם מָג֖וֹר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ |
Let them take their tents and their sheep; Let them transport their curtains and all their equipment and their camels, So that they shout to them, ‘There is terror all around.’ |
transport ← transport for themselves, an ethic dative. |
| Jer 49:30 | נֻסוּ֩ נֻּ֨דוּ מְאֹ֜ד הֶעְמִ֧יקוּ לָשֶׁ֛בֶת יֹשְׁבֵ֥י חָצ֖וֹר נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָעַ֨ץ עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֤ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ עֵצָ֔ה וְחָשַׁ֥ב *עליהם **עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַחֲשָׁבָֽה׃ |
Flee, take flight urgently; Live in a deep place, You inhabitants of Hazor, Says the Lord, For Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon has decided on a course of action against you, And he has devised a stratagem opposing {Q: you} [K: them]. |
The change of grammatical person in the ketiv is not uncommon in Hebrew – see Jer 22:24, Jer 49:4 – but needs adjusting in English here.
urgently ← exceedingly. live in a deep place ← deepen to sit / remain. decided on a course of action ← counselled counsel. |
| Jer 49:31 | ק֣וּמוּ עֲל֗וּ אֶל־גּ֥וֹי שְׁלֵ֛יו יוֹשֵׁ֥ב לָבֶ֖טַח נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹא־דְלָתַ֧יִם וְלֹֽא־בְרִ֛יחַ ל֖וֹ בָּדָ֥ד יִשְׁכֹּֽנוּ׃ |
Arise, go up to a nation at ease And dwelling in confidence, Says the Lord, Without doors and not having a bolt. They each dwell in a solitary way. |
each ← for himself. |
| Jer 49:32 | וְהָי֨וּ גְמַלֵּיהֶ֜ם לָבַ֗ז וַהֲמ֤וֹן מִקְנֵיהֶם֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל וְזֵרִתִ֥ים לְכָל־ר֖וּחַ קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֑ה וּמִכָּל־עֲבָרָ֛יו אָבִ֥יא אֶת־אֵידָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And their camels will be a spoil, And the large quantity of their cattle will be plunder, And I will scatter them to every wind – Those who have had their sidelocks cut – And I will bring about their downfall From every side of it, Says the Lord. |
those who have had their sidelocks cut: AV differs, as in Jer 25:23. |
| Jer 49:33 | וְהָיְתָ֨ה חָצ֜וֹר לִמְע֥וֹן תַּנִּ֛ים שְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ ס |
And Hazor will become a den of jackals – An age-abiding desolation. No man will live there, And no son of Adam will reside in it.” |
|
| Jer 49:34 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֧ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא אֶל־עֵילָ֑ם בְּרֵאשִׁ֗ית מַלְכ֛וּת צִדְקִיָּ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, at the start of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, which said, |
came ← became.
concerning: or against (both as אֶל for עַל). Or to. |
| Jer 49:35 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י שֹׁבֵ֖ר אֶת־קֶ֣שֶׁת עֵילָ֑ם רֵאשִׁ֖ית גְּבוּרָתָֽם׃ |
“This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘I am about to break Elam's bow – The principal source of their strength. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 49:36 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י אֶל־עֵילָ֜ם אַרְבַּ֣ע רוּח֗וֹת מֵֽאַרְבַּע֙ קְצ֣וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְזֵ֣רִתִ֔ים לְכֹ֖ל הָרֻח֣וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה הַגּ֔וֹי אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא שָׁ֖ם נִדְּחֵ֥י *עולם **עֵילָֽם׃ |
And I will bring the four winds From the four ends of the skies on Elam, And I will scatter them by all these winds, And there will be no nation Where those driven out of {Q: Elam} [K: the age] do not go. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. |
| Jer 49:37 | וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י אֶת־עֵ֠ילָם לִפְנֵ֨י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֜ם וְלִפְנֵ֣י ׀ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֧ם ׀ רָעָ֛ה אֶת־חֲר֥וֹן אַפִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃ |
And I will terrify Elam When they face their enemies, And when they face those who seek their life. And I will bring trouble on them – The fury of my wrath – Says the Lord, And I will send the sword after them Until I have finished them off. |
when they face (2x) ← at the face of.
life ← soul. |
| Jer 49:38 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י כִסְאִ֖י בְּעֵילָ֑ם וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֥י מִשָּׁ֛ם מֶ֥לֶךְ וְשָׂרִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I will place my throne in Elam, And I will eradicate the king and officials from there, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 49:39 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֗ים *אשוב **אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־*שבית **שְׁב֥וּת עֵילָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
But it will come to pass in the latter days That I will reverse the captivity of Elam, Says the Lord.’ ” |
reverse: a vav / yod issue, as in Jer 33:26.
captivity: a yod / vav issue is as in Jer 29:14. |
| Jer 50:1 | הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים בְּיַ֖ד יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | The word which the Lord spoke concerning Babylon – concerning the land of the Chaldeans – through the intermediacy of Jeremiah the prophet. |
concerning (2x): or against (both as אֶל for עַל). Or to. As in Jer 49:34.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Jer 50:2 | הַגִּ֨ידוּ בַגּוֹיִ֤ם וְהַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ וּֽשְׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הַשְׁמִ֖יעוּ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ אִמְרוּ֩ נִלְכְּדָ֨ה בָבֶ֜ל הֹבִ֥ישׁ בֵּל֙ חַ֣ת מְרֹדָ֔ךְ הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ עֲצַבֶּ֔יהָ חַ֖תּוּ גִּלּוּלֶֽיהָ׃ |
“Tell it to the nations, And proclaim it, And raise a banner. Proclaim it; Do not conceal it. Say, ‘Babylon has been captured, Bel has been put to shame; Merodach has been thrown into disarray. Its images have been put to shame; Its idols have been thrown into disarray. |
|
| Jer 50:3 | כִּ֣י עָלָה֩ עָלֶ֨יהָ גּ֜וֹי מִצָּפ֗וֹן הֽוּא־יָשִׁ֤ית אֶת־אַרְצָהּ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּ֑הּ מֵאָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה נָ֥דוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃ |
For a nation from the north has come up against it; It will make its land a desolation, And there will not be anyone inhabiting it. Both man and beast will flee and depart.’ |
both man and beast ← from man to beast. See note on 2 Ki 25:26. |
| Jer 50:4 | בַּיָּמִ֨ים הָהֵ֜מָּה וּבָעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה יָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הֵ֥מָּה וּבְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו הָל֤וֹךְ וּבָכוֹ֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ |
In those days, and at that time, Says the Lord, The sons of Israel and the sons of Judah Will come together. They will go about weeping profusely, And they will seek the Lord their God. |
go about weeping profusely: with two cases of the infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 50:5 | צִיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֔לוּ דֶּ֖רֶךְ הֵ֣נָּה פְנֵיהֶ֑ם בֹּ֚אוּ וְנִלְו֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃ ס |
They will ask for Zion – That destination is their goal – And say, ‘Come, and let us be joined to the Lord In an age-abiding covenant Which will not be forgotten.’ |
that destination is their goal ← the way to there (is) their face. |
| Jer 50:6 | צֹ֤אן אֹֽבְדוֹת֙ *היה **הָי֣וּ עַמִּ֔י רֹעֵיהֶ֣ם הִתְע֔וּם הָרִ֖ים *שובבים **שֽׁוֹבְב֑וּם מֵהַ֤ר אֶל־גִּבְעָה֙ הָלָ֔כוּ שָׁכְח֖וּ רִבְצָֽם׃ |
My people were sheep going astray, For their shepherds caused them to stray. The mountains {Q: have turned them aside} [K: (are) rebellious], They have gone from mountain to hill; They have forgotten their resting place. |
were: the ketiv is singular, qeré plural.
The second ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. have turned them aside (qeré): we take the mountains as the subject; AV differs (they have turned them away on the mountains). |
| Jer 50:7 | כָּל־מוֹצְאֵיהֶ֣ם אֲכָל֔וּם וְצָרֵיהֶ֥ם אָמְר֖וּ לֹ֣א נֶאְשָׁ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטְא֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ נְוֵה־צֶ֔דֶק וּמִקְוֵ֥ה אֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
All who find them will devour them, And their adversaries will say, ‘We will not incur guilt, Because they have sinned against the Lord – The home of righteousness, The hope of their fathers, The Lord.’ |
|
| Jer 50:8 | נֻ֚דוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים *יצאו **צֵ֑אוּ וִהְי֕וּ כְּעַתּוּדִ֖ים לִפְנֵי־צֹֽאן׃ |
Flee from Babylon And from the Chaldeans. {Q: Depart} [K: Let them depart] And be like goats in the company of sheep. |
let them depart (ketiv): this could be regarded as an old unapocopated form of the imperative, depart.
from Babylon ← from the midst of Babylon. |
| Jer 50:9 | כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃ |
For I am about to arouse and bring up against Babylon a contingent of great nations From the land of the north, And they will draw up against it, And from there it will be captured. Its arrows will be like a warrior causing bereavement, Who does not return empty-handed. |
I am about to ← behold me.
causing bereavement: AV differs (expert man), following manuscripts which have a sin instead of a shin, so reading מַשְׂכִּיל, skilled. |
| Jer 50:10 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה כַשְׂדִּ֖ים לְשָׁלָ֑ל כָּל־שֹׁלְלֶ֥יהָ יִשְׂבָּ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And Chaldea will be a spoil, And all who despoil it will be satisfied, Says the Lord. |
Chaldea ← Chaldeans, but with a feminine singular verb. |
| Jer 50:11 | כִּ֤י *תשמחי **תִשְׂמְחוּ֙ כִּ֣י *תעלזי **תַֽעֲלְז֔וּ שֹׁסֵ֖י נַחֲלָתִ֑י כִּ֤י *תפושי **תָפ֙וּשׁוּ֙ כְּעֶגְלָ֣ה דָשָׁ֔ה *ותצהלי **וְתִצְהֲל֖וּ כָּאֲבִּרִֽים׃ |
For you were glad, For you exulted, You plunderers of my inheritance, For you feasted yourselves like a threshing calf, And you bellowed like strong bulls. |
you were glad ... you exulted ... you feasted yourselves ... you bellowed: the ↴
like a threshing calf: or, re-pointing and re-spelling as דֶּשֶׁא, as a calf (does on) fresh grass. strong bulls ← strong (ones), horses in Jer 47:3, bulls in Ps 22:13 (Ps 22:12AV). |
| Jer 50:12 | בּ֤וֹשָׁה אִמְּכֶם֙ מְאֹ֔ד חָפְרָ֖ה יֽוֹלַדְתְּכֶ֑ם הִנֵּה֙ אַחֲרִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם מִדְבָּ֖ר צִיָּ֥ה וַעֲרָבָֽה׃ |
Your mother will be put to great shame; She who gave birth to you will be put to the blush. Behold, the final state of the nations Will be desert, parched ground, And an arid land. |
↳ ketiv is feminine singular, i.e. collective usage of Chaldea; the qeré is plural, Chaldeans. All are yod / vav issues. |
| Jer 50:13 | מִקֶּ֤צֶף יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֔ב וְהָיְתָ֥ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה כֻּלָּ֑הּ כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
Because of the Lord's wrath, It will not be inhabited, But all of it will become a desolation. Everyone who passes by Babylon will be astonished And will jeer at all its wrecked places. |
astonished: the same word as desolated.
jeer ← hiss. wrecked places ← strikings. |
| Jer 50:14 | עִרְכ֨וּ עַל־בָּבֶ֤ל ׀ סָבִיב֙ כָּל־דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת יְד֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַֽל־תַּחְמְל֖וּ אֶל־חֵ֑ץ כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָֽאָה׃ |
Draw up against Babylon around it, All you who draw the bow. Shoot at it; Do not spare an arrow, For it has sinned against the Lord. |
|
| Jer 50:15 | הָרִ֨יעוּ עָלֶ֤יהָ סָבִיב֙ נָתְנָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ נָֽפְלוּ֙ *אשויתיה **אָשְׁיוֹתֶ֔יהָ נֶהֶרְס֖וּ חֽוֹמוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי֩ נִקְמַ֨ת יְהוָ֥ה הִיא֙ הִנָּ֣קְמוּ בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָֽהּ׃ |
Shout at it all around. It has surrendered, Its foundations have fallen; Its walls have been demolished, For it is the Lord's vengeance. Take vengeance on it; Do to it as it has done. |
foundations: or, [BDB], buttresses. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
surrendered ← given its hand. |
| Jer 50:16 | כִּרְת֤וּ זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ מַגָּ֖ל בְּעֵ֣ת קָצִ֑יר מִפְּנֵי֙ חֶ֣רֶב הַיּוֹנָ֔ה אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֻֽסוּ׃ ס |
Cut off the sower from Babylon And him who wields the sickle in the harvest season. At the presence of the oppressing sword, Let each man turn to his people, And let each man flee to his own country. |
presence ← face. |
| Jer 50:17 | שֶׂ֧ה פְזוּרָ֛ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲרָי֣וֹת הִדִּ֑יחוּ הָרִאשׁ֤וֹן אֲכָלוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְזֶ֤ה הָאַחֲרוֹן֙ עִצְּמ֔וֹ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס |
Israel is a scattered flock of sheep; Lions have driven them out. First the king of Assyria consumed them, And just recently Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon has broken their bones, |
|
| Jer 50:18 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֥י פֹקֵ֛ד אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאֶל־אַרְצ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ |
Which is why this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘I am about to visit the king of Babylon and his land, As I visited the king of Assyria. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Jer 50:19 | וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֤י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־נָוֵ֔הוּ וְרָעָ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל וְהַבָּשָׁ֑ן וּבְהַ֥ר אֶפְרַ֛יִם וְהַגִּלְעָ֖ד תִּשְׂבַּ֥ע נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
And I will bring Israel back to their home, And they will feed on Carmel and Bashan, And their appetite will be satisfied On Mount Ephraim and in Gilead. |
Carmel ... Bashan ← the Carmel ... the Bashan.
appetite ← soul, but with much wider scope. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Jer 50:20 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֩ וּבָעֵ֨ת הַהִ֜יא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה יְבֻקַּ֞שׁ אֶת־עֲוֺ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאֵינֶ֔נּוּ וְאֶת־חַטֹּ֥את יְהוּדָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִמָּצֶ֑אינָה כִּ֥י אֶסְלַ֖ח לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אַשְׁאִֽיר׃ |
In those days and at that time, Says the Lord, Israel's iniquity will be sought, But it will not be there, And Judah's sins, But they will not be found, For I will pardon those Whom I leave remaining. |
|
| Jer 50:21 | עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ מְרָתַ֙יִם֙ עֲלֵ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּק֑וֹד חֲרֹ֨ב וְהַחֲרֵ֤ם אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשֵׂ֕ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ ס |
Go up against it – Against the land of Merathaim And against the inhabitants of Pekod. Make them desolate and obliterate them, Says the Lord, And do everything I command you. |
everything ← according to everything. |
| Jer 50:22 | ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְשֶׁ֖בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃ |
There is the sound of war in the land, And of extensive destruction. |
extensive destruction ← great breakage. |
| Jer 50:23 | אֵ֤יךְ נִגְדַּע֙ וַיִּשָּׁבֵ֔ר פַּטִּ֖ישׁ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
How the hammer of the whole earth is cut off and broken! How Babylon has become an object of astonishment Among the nations! |
an object of astonishment: AV differs (desolation), also possible. |
| Jer 50:24 | יָקֹ֨שְׁתִּי לָ֤ךְ וְגַם־נִלְכַּדְתְּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאַ֖תְּ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עַתְּ נִמְצֵאת֙ וְגַם־נִתְפַּ֔שְׂתְּ כִּ֥י בַֽיהוָ֖ה הִתְגָּרִֽית׃ |
I set a trap for you, And you were duly caught, Babylon, And you were not aware of it. You were found and duly caught, For you contended with the Lord. |
duly (2x) ← also. |
| Jer 50:25 | פָּתַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־א֣וֹצָר֔וֹ וַיּוֹצֵ֖א אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י זַעְמ֑וֹ כִּי־מְלָאכָ֣ה הִ֗יא לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ |
The Lord opened his storehouse And brought out instruments of his indignation, For this is the work of the Lord, the Lord of hosts In the land of the Chaldeans. |
|
| Jer 50:26 | בֹּֽאוּ־לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־תְּהִי־לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃ |
Go to it from the furthest point, Open its granaries; Cast it up into heaps, And obliterate it. Don't let it have any remnant. |
into heaps ← like heaps. |
| Jer 50:27 | חִרְבוּ֙ כָּל־פָּרֶ֔יהָ יֵרְד֖וּ לַטָּ֑בַח ה֣וֹי עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹמָ֖ם עֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃ ס |
Dispatch all its bulls; Let them go to the slaughter. Woe to them, For their day has come – The time of their visitation. |
bulls: probably figurative, as in Jer 50:11, but here with the explicit word for bulls. |
| Jer 50:28 | ק֥וֹל נָסִ֛ים וּפְלֵטִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ בָּבֶ֑ל לְהַגִּ֣יד בְּצִיּ֗וֹן אֶת־נִקְמַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃ |
There will be the sound of those who flee, And those who escape from the land of Babylon, To report in Zion The vengeance of the Lord our God – The avenging of his temple. |
|
| Jer 50:29 | הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶל־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ רַ֠בִּים כָּל־דֹּ֨רְכֵי קֶ֜שֶׁת חֲנ֧וּ עָלֶ֣יהָ סָבִ֗יב אַל־יְהִי־**לָהּ֙ פְּלֵטָ֔ה שַׁלְּמוּ־לָ֣הּ כְּפָעֳלָ֔הּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָ֑הּ כִּ֧י אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה זָ֖דָה אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Call up the archers to go to Babylon – All who draw the bow. Encamp against it all around; Do not let {K: it} [Q: it] have anyone who escapes. Requite it according to its own course of action; Do to it according to everything which it did, For it has acted defiantly against the Lord – Against the holy one of Israel, |
|
| Jer 50:30 | לָכֵ֛ן יִפְּל֥וּ בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ בִּרְחֹבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִלְחַמְתָּ֥הּ יִדַּ֛מּוּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Which is why its youths will fall in its streets, And all its warriors will be cut down on that day, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 50:31 | הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃ |
I will soon be against you, Defiance, Says the Lord, the Lord of hosts, For your day is coming – The time when I will visit you. |
I will soon be ← behold me. |
| Jer 50:32 | וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס |
And Defiance will stumble and fall; It will have no-one to raise it up. And I will light a fire in its cities, Which will consume all its surrounding areas.’ |
|
| Jer 50:33 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֲשׁוּקִ֛ים בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו וְכָל־שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ בָ֔ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ שַׁלְּחָֽם׃ |
This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘The sons of Israel and the sons of Judah have been oppressed together, And all those who took them captive Have held on to them; They have refused to let them go. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 50:34 | גֹּאֲלָ֣ם ׀ חָזָ֗ק יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שְׁמ֔וֹ רִ֥יב יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעַ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְגִּ֖יז לְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ |
Their redeemer is strong; The Lord of hosts is his name. He will certainly defend their cause So as to bring calm to the land And to bring disquiet To the inhabitants of Babylon. |
certainly defend: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 50:35 | חֶ֥רֶב עַל־כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ וְאֶל־חֲכָמֶֽיהָ׃ |
The sword against the Chaldeans! Says the Lord, And against the inhabitants of Babylon, And against its officials, And against its wise men. |
|
| Jer 50:36 | חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־הַבַּדִּ֖ים וְנֹאָ֑לוּ חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־גִּבּוֹרֶ֖יהָ וָחָֽתּוּ׃ |
The sword against those who falsify, And they will be seen to have been foolish. The sword against its valiant men, And they will be terrified. |
falsify ← feign. |
| Jer 50:37 | חֶ֜רֶב אֶל־סוּסָ֣יו וְאֶל־רִכְבּ֗וֹ וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעֶ֛רֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ וְהָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־אוֹצְרֹתֶ֖יהָ וּבֻזָּֽזוּ׃ |
The sword against his horses, And against his chariot fleet, And against all the mixed foreigners who are in it, So that they become women. The sword against its treasuries, So that they are plundered. |
mixed foreigners: [AnLx]= foreigners. [BDB]= mixed company; [CB]= rabble.
in it ← inside it. |
| Jer 50:38 | חֹ֥רֶב אֶל־מֵימֶ֖יהָ וְיָבֵ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ פְּסִלִים֙ הִ֔יא וּבָאֵימִ֖ים יִתְהֹלָֽלוּ׃ |
A drought on its waters, So that they dry up, For it is a land of carved images, And so that they are driven mad by their monstrosities. |
|
| Jer 50:39 | לָכֵ֗ן יֵשְׁב֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ בָ֖הּ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֥ב עוֹד֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכּ֖וֹן עַד־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
So the desert creatures will live With the animals of the coastlands, And ostriches will live in it. And it will never be inhabited any more, And it will not be dwelt in from generation to generation. |
Rev 18:2, loosely.
|| Isa 13:20, Isa 13:21. live (2x) ← sit; dwell. animals of the coastlands: or (animals of) the islands, or jackals. never ← not in perpetuity. |
| Jer 50:40 | כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֨ת אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־סְדֹ֧ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאֶת־שְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ |
As in God's overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and its neighbours, Says the Lord, No man will live there, And no son of Adam will reside there. |
God's overthrow: or the mighty overthrow, using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6. |
| Jer 50:41 | הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מִצָּפ֑וֹן וְג֤וֹי גָּדוֹל֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים יֵעֹ֖רוּ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Behold, a people is coming from the north, And a great nation and many kings. They will be stirred up From the remote parts of the earth. |
|
| Jer 50:42 | קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃ |
They will wield bow and spear. They are cruel, And they will not show compassion. The sound of them is as when the sea rages, And they ride on horses. Each will be drawn up as a man of war against you, O daughter of Babylon. |
|
| Jer 50:43 | שָׁמַ֧ע מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֖ם וְרָפ֣וּ יָדָ֑יו צָרָה֙ הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְהוּ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ |
The king of Babylon has heard the report about them, And his hands have become limp. Anguish has seized him, As has pain As of a woman giving birth. |
report about ← report of. |
| Jer 50:44 | הִ֠נֵּה כְּאַרְיֵ֞ה יַעֲלֶ֨ה מִגְּא֣וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ אֶל־נְוֵ֣ה אֵיתָן֒ כִּֽי־אַרְגִּ֤עָה *ארוצם **אֲרִיצֵם֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ וּמִ֥י בָח֖וּר אֵלֶ֣יהָ אֶפְקֹ֑ד כִּ֣י מִ֤י כָמ֙וֹנִי֙ וּמִ֣י יוֹעִדֶ֔נִּי וּמִֽי־זֶ֣ה רֹעֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָֽי׃ |
Behold, he will come up like a lion From the splendour of the Jordan To the residence of the strong one, For I will act all of a sudden And make them run away from the place. And who is chosen So that I may appoint him over it? For who is like me, And who can arraign me? And who is this shepherd Who will stand before me? |
make them run away: the ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, where the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré.
|| Jer 49:19. from the place ← from on her. |
| Jer 50:45 | לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־בָּבֶ֔ל וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נָוֶֽה׃ |
So hear the counsel of the Lord With which he gave counsel concerning Babylon, And his purposes which he has conceived Regarding the land of the Chaldeans. Men will certainly drag away the young of the sheep, And he will certainly devastate their dwelling place To their cost. |
|| Jer 49:20.
will certainly drag away ... will certainly devastate: both an asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). the young of the sheep: see Jer 49:20. to their cost ← on them. |
| Jer 50:46 | מִקּוֹל֙ נִתְפְּשָׂ֣ה בָבֶ֔ל נִרְעֲשָׁ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וּזְעָקָ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִ֥ם נִשְׁמָֽע׃ ס |
At the sound when Babylon is captured, The earth will shake, And an outcry will be heard among the nations.’ ” |
|| Jer 49:21.
earth: or land. |
| Jer 51:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “I am about to stir up a destructive wind against Babylon And against the inhabitants of the Chaldees. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. Chaldees: in atbash; see Jer 25:26. AV differs (in the midst of them that rise up against me), treating it as normal Hebrew. |
| Jer 51:2 | וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֤ל ׀ זָרִים֙ וְזֵר֔וּהָ וִיבֹקְק֖וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה׃ |
And I will send foreigners to Babylon, Who will winnow it and empty its land, For they will be against it all around on the baneful day, |
foreigners: AV differs (fanners), pointing as זֺרִים, winnowers, which we regard as the natural consonantal reading, given the context, but we retain the MT pointing as a policy. But Jer 51:51 would naturally be read as foreigners.
the baneful day ← a day of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 51:3 | אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ *ידרך הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃ |
{Q: Against the archer who draws his bow} [K: Against the archer (let him who draws the bow draw his bow)], And against him who exalts himself in his coat of mail. And do not spare its young men; Obliterate all of its army. |
Re-pointing as אַל, the qeré reads Do not let the archer draw his bow. |
| Jer 51:4 | וְנָפְל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖ים בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
And casualties will fall in the land of the Chaldeans With men pierced through in its streets. |
|
| Jer 51:5 | כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אַלְמָ֨ן יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ מֵֽאֱלֹהָ֔יו מֵֽיְהוָ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֤י אַרְצָם֙ מָלְאָ֣ה אָשָׁ֔ם מִקְּד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
For Israel has not been widowed, Nor Judah, from their God – From the Lord of hosts – Although their land is full of guilt Against the holy one of Israel. |
their God ← his God.
although: concessive use of the vav. |
| Jer 51:6 | נֻ֣סוּ ׀ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֗ל וּמַלְּטוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ אַל־תִּדַּ֖מּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּי֩ עֵ֨ת נְקָמָ֥ה הִיא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה גְּמ֕וּל ה֥וּא מְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לָֽהּ׃ |
Flee from Babylon, And let each save his life. Do not be cut down in its iniquity, For it is the time of the Lord's vengeance, When he requites it with retribution. |
Rev 18:4.
from ← from the midst of. save ← let escape. life ← soul. |
| Jer 51:7 | כּוֹס־זָהָ֤ב בָּבֶל֙ בְּיַד־יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מִיֵּינָהּ֙ שָׁת֣וּ גוֹיִ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְהֹלְל֥וּ גוֹיִֽם׃ |
Babylon was a golden cup in the Lord's hand – A cup which made the whole earth drunk. Nations drank its wine, Which is why the nations are acting in a mad way. |
golden cup ← cup of gold, a Hebraic genitive.
its wine ← from its wine. |
| Jer 51:8 | פִּתְאֹ֛ם נָפְלָ֥ה בָבֶ֖ל וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ עָלֶ֗יהָ קְח֤וּ צֳרִי֙ לְמַכְאוֹבָ֔הּ אוּלַ֖י תֵּרָפֵֽא׃ |
Babylon will fall suddenly, And it will collapse. Wail for it, Fetch balsam for its wounds; Maybe it can be healed. |
Rev 14:8, Rev 18:2.
collapse ← be broken. wounds ← pain, but with a root meaning also of to mar, to destroy. |
| Jer 51:9 | *רפאנו **רִפִּ֣ינוּ אֶת־בָּבֶל֙ וְלֹ֣א נִרְפָּ֔תָה עִזְב֕וּהָ וְנֵלֵ֖ךְ אִ֣ישׁ לְאַרְצ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נָגַ֤ע אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִשְׁפָּטָ֔הּ וְנִשָּׂ֖א עַד־שְׁחָקִֽים׃ |
We applied healing to Babylon, But it did not become healed. Leave it and let each of us go to his own country, For its case in law has reached the heavens, And it has been raised to the skies. |
we applied healing: the ketiv and qeré are variants of the same word, with the same meaning. But the qeré can also mean weakened. |
| Jer 51:10 | הוֹצִ֥יא יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ בֹּ֚אוּ וּנְסַפְּרָ֣ה בְצִיּ֔וֹן אֶֽת־מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
The Lord has vindicated us. Come, let us report in Zion What the Lord our God has done. |
vindicated us ← brought out our righteousnesses.
what ... has done ← the deed of .... |
| Jer 51:11 | הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃ |
Polish the arrows; Take up the shields. The Lord has stirred up the spirit of the kings of Media, For his purpose is against Babylon, To bring ruin on it, For it is the Lord's vengeance – The avenging of his temple. |
take up ← fill. |
| Jer 51:12 | אֶל־חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ־נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם־זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם־עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ |
Raise a standard at Babylon's walls, Make the watch strong, Set up guards, Prepare ambushes, For the Lord has both purposed and will do What he has declared To the inhabitants of Babylon. |
to the inhabitants: or against the inhabitants. |
| Jer 51:13 | *שכנתי **שֹׁכַנְתְּ֙ עַל־מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים רַבַּ֖ת אֽוֹצָרֹ֑ת בָּ֥א קִצֵּ֖ךְ אַמַּ֥ת בִּצְעֵֽךְ׃ |
You dwell by much water, You are rich in treasures, But your end has come – The just deserts of your plundering. |
you dwell: the ketiv is an Aramaic form.
rich in ← abundant of. just deserts ← cubit, i.e. measure. |
| Jer 51:14 | נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־מִלֵּאתִ֤יךְ אָדָם֙ כַּיֶּ֔לֶק וְעָנ֥וּ עָלַ֖יִךְ הֵידָֽד׃ ס |
The Lord of hosts has sworn by himself and said, ‘I will certainly fill you with men, like devouring locusts, And they will raise a shout against you.’ |
by himself ← by his soul.
I will certainly fill: an asseveration similar to the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV), but with כִּי, not a negation. See [Ges-HG] §163d. raise ← answer; testify. |
| Jer 51:15 | עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם׃ |
He is the maker of the earth by his power – The preparer of the world by his wisdom – Who stretched out the heavens with his understanding. |
|| Jer 10:12. |
| Jer 51:16 | לְק֨וֹל תִּתּ֜וֹ הֲמ֥וֹן מַ֙יִם֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּ֥עַל נְשִׂאִ֖ים מִקְצֵה־אָ֑רֶץ בְּרָקִ֤ים לַמָּטָר֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיֹּ֥צֵא ר֖וּחַ מֵאֹצְרֹתָֽיו׃ |
When he sounds his voice, There is roaring of water in the sky, And he makes vapours rise from the end of the earth. He produces lightning with the rain, And he brings wind out of his storehouses. |
|| Jer 10:13, Ps 135:7.
when he sounds his voice ← at the giving of his voice. roaring: or a large quantity. sky: or heavens. |
| Jer 51:17 | נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל־אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל־צֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם׃ |
Every man has become deficient in knowledge; Every metalsmith has become ashamed of the idol, For his cast figure is a false thing, And there is no spirit in them. |
|| Jer 10:14. |
| Jer 51:18 | הֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
They are vanity – A work based on delusions. At the time of their visitation, They will perish. |
|| Jer 10:15.
based on ← of. Wider use of the construct state. their visitation: an objective genitive. |
| Jer 51:19 | לֹֽא־כְאֵ֜לֶּה חֵ֣לֶק יַעֲק֗וֹב כִּֽי־יוֹצֵ֤ר הַכֹּל֙ ה֔וּא וְשֵׁ֖בֶט נַחֲלָת֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
Such is not the portion of Jacob; Rather, it is he who is the fashioner of everything, And of the sceptre of his inheritance – The Lord of hosts is his name. |
|| Jer 10:16.
such ← as these things. AV differs mid verse, interpolating from Jer 10:16. |
| Jer 51:20 | מַפֵּץ־אַתָּ֣ה לִ֔י כְּלֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃ |
You are my hammer – Instruments of war – And I will crush nations with you, And I will bring ruin on kingdoms with you. |
|
| Jer 51:21 | וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ ס֖וּס וְרֹֽכְב֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ רֶ֖כֶב וְרֹכְבֽוֹ׃ |
And I will crush a horse and its rider with you, And I will crush a chariot and its rider with you, |
and I will crush ... with you ... and I will crush ... with you: otiose, with good effect here, and see Gen 12:5. |
| Jer 51:22 | וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ זָקֵ֣ן וָנָ֑עַר וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ בָּח֖וּר וּבְתוּלָֽה׃ |
And I will crush man and woman with you, And I will crush old and young with you, And I will crush the young man and the virgin girl with you, |
|
| Jer 51:23 | וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ רֹעֶ֣ה וְעֶדְר֔וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ אִכָּ֣ר וְצִמְדּ֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ פַּח֖וֹת וּסְגָנִֽים׃ |
And I will crush shepherd and his flock with you, And I will crush farmer and his yoke of oxen with you, And I will crush governors and administrators with you. |
|
| Jer 51:24 | וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֗ים אֵ֧ת כָּל־רָעָתָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ בְצִיּ֖וֹן לְעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I will requite Babylon And all the inhabitants of the Chaldees For all the harm they have done to Zion before your eyes, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 51:25 | הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה׃ |
I am here against you, You mountain which bring ruin, Says the Lord, You who bring ruin on the whole earth, And I have stretched out my hand against you, And I will roll you down from the rocks, And I will make you a blazing mountain. |
I am here ← behold me.
a blazing mountain ← a mountain of blazing, a Hebraic genitive. The mountain stands for the Chaldean kingdom. |
| Jer 51:26 | וְלֹֽא־יִקְח֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ אֶ֣בֶן לְפִנָּ֔ה וְאֶ֖בֶן לְמֽוֹסָד֑וֹת כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And they will not take from you stone for a cornerstone, Or stone for foundations, For you will be an age-abiding desolate area, Says the Lord. |
an age-abiding desolate area ← desolations of an age. |
| Jer 51:27 | שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס בָּאָ֗רֶץ תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֤ר בַּגּוֹיִם֙ קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מַמְלְכ֥וֹת אֲרָרַ֖ט מִנִּ֣י וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז פִּקְד֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ טִפְסָ֔ר הַֽעֲלוּ־ס֖וּס כְּיֶ֥לֶק סָמָֽר׃ |
Raise a standard in the land, Sound the ramshorn among the nations, Consecrate nations against it; Summon against it the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a general against it; Bring up horses like the bristly devouring locust. |
|
| Jer 51:28 | קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ |
Consecrate nations against it – The kings of Media, Their governors and all their administrators, And the whole land under its rule. |
under its rule ← of its rule. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 51:29 | וַתִּרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתָּחֹ֑ל כִּ֣י קָ֤מָה עַל־בָּבֶל֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת־אֶ֧רֶץ בָּבֶ֛ל לְשַׁמָּ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
And the land will shake and tremble, For the purposes of the Lord will be established against Babylon So as to make the land of Babylon a desolation Without an inhabitant. |
|
| Jer 51:30 | חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃ |
The warriors of Babylon have stopped fighting; They have remained in the fortresses. Their valour has ebbed away, They have become women, Its homes have been burned; Its bolts have been broken. |
its homes have been burned ← they have burned its (Babylon's) homes. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 51:31 | רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת־רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה׃ |
One runner is running towards another, And one messenger towards another, To tell the king of Babylon That his city has been captured From end to end. |
runner ... another ← a runner ... a runner.
messenger ... another ← a messenger ... a messenger. from end to end ← from its end. |
| Jer 51:32 | וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹת נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּ וְאֶת־הָאֲגַמִּ֖ים שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה נִבְהָֽלוּ׃ ס |
And the fords have been captured, And the reedy places have been burned with fire, And the combatants have become terrified. |
have been burned ← they have burned. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Jer 51:33 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּת־בָּבֶ֕ל כְּגֹ֖רֶן עֵ֣ת הִדְרִיכָ֑הּ ע֣וֹד מְעַ֔ט וּבָ֥אָה עֵֽת־הַקָּצִ֖יר לָֽהּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor At the time for it to be trodden. In a little while, The time of harvesting it will come.’ ” |
this is what ← thus. |
| Jer 51:34 | *אכלנו **אֲכָלַ֣נִי *הממנו **הֲמָמַ֗נִי נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶל֒ *הציגנו **הִצִּיגַ֙נִי֙ כְּלִ֣י רִ֔יק *בלענו **בְּלָעַ֙נִי֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ין מִלָּ֥א כְרֵשׂ֖וֹ מֵֽעֲדָנָ֑י *הדיחנו **הֱדִיחָֽנִי׃ |
“Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon has devoured {Q: me} [K: us], He has routed {Q: me} [K: us], He has presented {Q: me} [K: us] as an empty vessel, He has swallowed {Q: me} [K: us] as a crocodile does, He has filled his belly with my delightful things; He has driven {Q: me} [K: us] out. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue throughout.
The inhabitant of Zion (Jer 51:35) speaking. delightful things ← delights. |
| Jer 51:35 | חֲמָסִ֤י וּשְׁאֵרִי֙ עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל תֹּאמַ֖ר יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן וְדָמִי֙ אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים תֹּאמַ֖ר יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
The violence I have suffered And that of my kin Be on Babylon”, The inhabitant of Zion will say. “And may my blood be on the inhabitants of the Chaldees”, Jerusalem will say. |
the violence I have suffered ← my violence, an objective genitive. |
| Jer 51:36 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי־רָב֙ אֶת־רִיבֵ֔ךְ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י אֶת־נִקְמָתֵ֑ךְ וְהַחֲרַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־יַמָּ֔הּ וְהֹבַשְׁתִּ֖י אֶת־מְקוֹרָֽהּ׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord says: “I am about to plead your case, And I will take your revenge, And I will dry up its sea, And I will cause failure of its water-source. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. take your revenge ← avenge your revenge. cause failure of ← put to shame, or dry up. |
| Jer 51:37 | וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל ׀ לְגַלִּ֧ים ׀ מְעוֹן־תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
And Babylon will become heaps of stones, A den of jackals, A desolation and a laughing stock, Without an inhabitant. |
a laughing stock ← whistling, hissing. |
| Jer 51:38 | יַחְדָּ֖ו כַּכְּפִרִ֣ים יִשְׁאָ֑גוּ נָעֲר֖וּ כְּגוֹרֵ֥י אֲרָיֽוֹת׃ |
They will roar together like lion cubs; They will growl like the whelp of lionesses. |
|
| Jer 51:39 | בְּחֻמָּ֞ם אָשִׁ֣ית אֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֗ם וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙ לְמַ֣עַן יַעֲלֹ֔זוּ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
When they are in a state of arousal, I will lay on a banquet for them, And I will make them drunk So that they exult And sleep an age-abiding sleep And do not wake up, Says the Lord. |
when they are in a state of arousal ← in their being hot.
a banquet for them ← their banquet. |
| Jer 51:40 | אֽוֹרִידֵ֖ם כְּכָרִ֣ים לִטְב֑וֹחַ כְּאֵילִ֖ים עִם־עַתּוּדִֽים׃ |
I will bring them down Like fatted lambs to the slaughter, Like rams with he-goats. |
|
| Jer 51:41 | אֵ֚יךְ נִלְכְּדָ֣ה שֵׁשַׁ֔ךְ וַתִּתָּפֵ֖שׂ תְּהִלַּ֣ת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
How Babylon has been captured! And how the object of praise of the whole earth has been seized! How Babylon has become an object of astonishment among the nations. |
Babylon: in atbash. See Jer 25:26.
astonishment: or desolation. |
| Jer 51:42 | עָלָ֥ה עַל־בָּבֶ֖ל הַיָּ֑ם בַּהֲמ֥וֹן גַּלָּ֖יו נִכְסָֽתָה׃ |
The sea came up to Babylon; It was covered by the vast quantity of its waves. |
|
| Jer 51:43 | הָי֤וּ עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה אֶ֖רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וַעֲרָבָ֑ה אֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּהֵן֙ כָּל־אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יַעֲבֹ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ |
Its towns became a desolation – A land of drought and aridity. A land in whose towns no man can live, And through which no son of Adam will pass. |
no ← not every. |
| Jer 51:44 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עַל־בֵּ֜ל בְּבָבֶ֗ל וְהֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶת־בִּלְעוֹ֙ מִפִּ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יִנְהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו ע֖וֹד גּוֹיִ֑ם גַּם־חוֹמַ֥ת בָּבֶ֖ל נָפָֽלָה׃ |
And I will visit Bel in Babylon, And I will eject from his mouth what he has swallowed, And the nations will no longer stream to him. Indeed, Babylon's wall will fall. |
indeed ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Jer 51:45 | צְא֤וּ מִתּוֹכָהּ֙ עַמִּ֔י וּמַלְּט֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ מֵחֲר֖וֹן אַף־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Come out of it, my people, And let each man save himself From the furious anger of the Lord. |
out of it ← out of her midst.
himself ← his soul. furious anger ← fury of anger, translated ↴ |
| Jer 51:46 | וּפֶן־יֵרַ֤ךְ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְתִֽירְא֔וּ בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה הַנִּשְׁמַ֣עַת בָּאָ֑רֶץ וּבָ֧א בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗ה וְאַחֲרָ֤יו בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה וְחָמָ֣ס בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֹשֵׁ֖ל עַל־מֹשֵֽׁל׃ |
And so that your heart does not become faint, And you become afraid at the report heard in the land, When a report comes in one year, And after it a report in the next year, And there is violence in the land – With ruler against ruler – |
↳ as a reverse Hebraic genitive, with the nomen regens as the adjective. |
| Jer 51:47 | לָכֵן֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֔ים וּפָקַדְתִּי֙ עַל־פְּסִילֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְכָל־אַרְצָ֖הּ תֵּב֑וֹשׁ וְכָל־חֲלָלֶ֖יהָ יִפְּל֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃ |
Behold, the days are coming When I will visit the carved images of Babylon, And all its land will be put to shame, And all its casualties will fall within its precincts. |
behold ← therefore behold, but English does not require a correlative to so that (in the previous verse).
precincts ← inside. |
| Jer 51:48 | וְרִנְּנ֤וּ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֔רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֧י מִצָּפ֛וֹן יָבוֹא־לָ֥הּ הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And heaven and earth and all who are in them will be jubilant about Babylon, For the plunderers will come against it from the north, Says the Lord. |
|
| Jer 51:49 | גַּם־בָּבֶ֕ל לִנְפֹּ֖ל חַֽלְלֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גַּם־לְבָבֶ֥ל נָפְל֖וּ חַֽלְלֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Babylon was both the cause of Israel's casualties falling, And it was because of Babylon That the casualties of the whole earth fell. |
because of Babylon: AV differs (at Babylon). See the preposition לְ in [AnLx] № IX, and [BDB] № 5g. |
| Jer 51:50 | פְּלֵטִ֣ים מֵחֶ֔רֶב הִלְכ֖וּ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ זִכְר֤וּ מֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם תַּעֲלֶ֥ה עַל־לְבַבְכֶֽם׃ |
You who have escaped the sword, Go away; do not stand still. Remember the Lord when you are far away, And let Jerusalem come to mind. |
when you are far away ← from far away.
come to mind ← rise on your heart. |
| Jer 51:51 | בֹּ֚שְׁנוּ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ חֶרְפָּ֔ה כִּסְּתָ֥ה כְלִמָּ֖ה פָּנֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֚י בָּ֣אוּ זָרִ֔ים עַֽל־מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
We were ashamed when we heard the reproach; Ignominy covered our faces, For foreigners had arrived at the sanctuaries of the house of the Lord. |
|
| Jer 51:52 | לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּֽה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֖י עַל־פְּסִילֶ֑יהָ וּבְכָל־אַרְצָ֖הּ יֶאֱנֹ֥ק חָלָֽל׃ |
That is why, behold, the days are coming, Says the Lord, When I will visit its idols, And throughout all its land The wounded will groan. |
|
| Jer 51:53 | כִּֽי־תַעֲלֶ֤ה בָבֶל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכִ֥י תְבַצֵּ֖ר מְר֣וֹם עֻזָּ֑הּ מֵאִתִּ֗י יָבֹ֧אוּ שֹׁדְדִ֛ים לָ֖הּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Even if Babylon rises to the skies, Or if it fortifies itself to the height of its strength, Plunderers will go to it At my instigation, Says the Lord. |
at my instigation ← from me. |
| Jer 51:54 | ק֥וֹל זְעָקָ֖ה מִבָּבֶ֑ל וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ |
Hear a sound of an outcry from Babylon, And of widescale destruction From the land of the Chaldeans. |
widescale ← great. |
| Jer 51:55 | כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאִבַּ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל וְהָמ֤וּ גַלֵּיהֶם֙ כְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים נִתַּ֥ן שְׁא֖וֹן קוֹלָֽם׃ |
For the Lord is ravaging Babylon, And he has silenced its loud voice, As their waves rage like mighty waters, As their tumultuous sound rings out. |
silenced ← caused to perish.
their tumultuous sound rings out ← the tumult of their voice is given. Translated as a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Jer 51:56 | כִּי֩ בָ֨א עָלֶ֤יהָ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד וְנִלְכְּדוּ֙ גִּבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ חִתְּתָ֖ה קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אֵ֧ל גְּמֻל֛וֹת יְהוָ֖ה שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
For the plunderer has come against it – Against Babylon – And its warriors will be captured, And their bows will each be broken in pieces, For the Lord is a God of retributions; He will certainly requite them. |
certainly requite: infinitive absolute. |
| Jer 51:57 | וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי שָׂרֶ֨יהָ וַחֲכָמֶ֜יהָ פַּחוֹתֶ֤יהָ וּסְגָנֶ֙יהָ֙ וְגִבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
And I will make its officers and its wise men, And its governors and its administrators and its warriors, Drunk, And they will sleep an age-abiding sleep, And they will not wake up, Says the king – The Lord of hosts is his name.” |
|
| Jer 51:58 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת חֹ֠מוֹת בָּבֶ֤ל הָֽרְחָבָה֙ עַרְעֵ֣ר תִּתְעַרְעָ֔ר וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ הַגְּבֹהִ֖ים בָּאֵ֣שׁ יִצַּ֑תּוּ וְיִֽגְע֨וּ עַמִּ֧ים בְּדֵי־רִ֛יק וּלְאֻמִּ֥ים בְּדֵי־אֵ֖שׁ וְיָעֵֽפוּ׃ ס |
This is what the Lord of hosts says: “The wide walls of Babylon will certainly be demolished, And its tall gates will be burned with fire, And various peoples will toil quite in vain, And nations will become weary, With so much fire.” |
this is what ← thus.
wide walls of Babylon ← walls of wide Babylon. will certainly be demolished: infinitive absolute. will be burned ← they will burn. Avoidance of the passive. with so much fire ← in sufficiency of fire. |
| Jer 51:59 | הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֗יא אֶת־שְׂרָיָ֣ה בֶן־נֵרִיָּה֮ בֶּן־מַחְסֵיָה֒ בְּלֶכְתּ֞וֹ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הָרְבִעִ֖ית לְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה שַׂ֥ר מְנוּחָֽה׃ | The words with which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah, the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah king of Judah to Babylon, in the fourth year of his reign, when Seraiah was the officer for security, |
words ← word, thing.
Mahseiah: AV= Maaseiah, a name used for a distinctly different spelling. security ← resting. See [BDB]. |
| Jer 51:60 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ אֵ֧ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־תָּב֥וֹא אֶל־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־סֵ֣פֶר אֶחָ֑ד אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים אֶל־בָּבֶֽל׃ | for Jeremiah wrote in a book all the trouble which would come over Babylon – all those things which have been written concerning Babylon. | in a book ← into one book. Pregnant use of the preposition. |
| Jer 51:61 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֶל־שְׂרָיָ֑ה כְּבֹאֲךָ֣ בָבֶ֔ל וְֽרָאִ֔יתָ וְֽקָרָ֔אתָ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, “When you arrive in Babylon, then look and read all these words. | This and the following verses are alluded to in Rev 18:21. |
| Jer 51:62 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ יְהוָה֙ אַתָּ֨ה דִבַּ֜רְתָּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לְהַכְרִית֔וֹ לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֱיֽוֹת־בּוֹ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב לְמֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה כִּֽי־שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃ | And say, ‘Lord, you have spoken against this place, that you will cut it off so that it has no inhabitant, neither man nor beast, for it will be an age-abiding desolation.’ |
The verse is alluded to in Rev 18:21.
neither man nor beast: see Gen 6:7. |
| Jer 51:63 | וְהָיָה֙ כְּכַלֹּ֣תְךָ֔ לִקְרֹ֖א אֶת־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה תִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ אֶ֔בֶן וְהִשְׁלַכְתּ֖וֹ אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ פְּרָֽת׃ | And it will come to pass, when you have finished reading this book, that you will bind a stone to it, and you will cast it into the Euphrates. | The verse is alluded to in Rev 18:21. |
| Jer 51:64 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כָּ֠כָה תִּשְׁקַ֨ע בָּבֶ֤ל וְלֹֽא־תָקוּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ וְיָעֵ֑פוּ עַד־הֵ֖נָּה דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָֽהוּ׃ ס | And you will say, ‘This is how Babylon will sink and will not rise, because of the trouble which I am bringing on it, and they will become weary.’ ” Those were the words of Jeremiah. |
The verse is alluded to in Rev 18:21.
this is how ← thus. those were ← up to here. Compare Jer 48:47. |
| Jer 52:1 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַחַ֤ת שָׁנָה֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ *חמיטל **חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃ | Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for eleven years. And the name of his mother was {Q: Hamutal} [K: Hamital] the daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. | || 2 Ki 24:18, 2 Chr 36:11. |
| Jer 52:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like everything that Jehoiakim did. | || 2 Ki 24:19, 2 Chr 36:12. |
| Jer 52:3 | כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִיכ֥וֹ אוֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | For it was on account of the wrath of the Lord that this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had banished them from his presence. Now Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. |
|| 2 Ki 24:20, 2 Chr 36:13.
happened ← became. banished ← cast. |
| Jer 52:4 | וַיְהִי֩ בַשָּׁנָ֨ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֤וּא וְכָל־חֵילוֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ דָּיֵ֖ק סָבִֽיב׃ | And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon – he himself and all his army – came against Jerusalem, and they encamped against it, and they built a wall of circumvallation around it. | || 2 Ki 25:1. |
| Jer 52:5 | וַתָּבֹ֥א הָעִ֖יר בַּמָּצ֑וֹר עַ֚ד עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ צִדְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ | And the city came under siege until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah. | || 2 Ki 25:2. |
| Jer 52:6 | בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָֽרְבִיעִי֙ בְּתִשְׁעָ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָרָעָ֖ב בָּעִ֑יר וְלֹא־הָיָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם לְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | In the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the famine in the city became severe, and there was no bread for the people of the land. |
|| 2 Ki 25:3.
severe ← strong. |
| Jer 52:7 | וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע הָעִ֗יר וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֡ה יִבְרְחוּ֩ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ מֵהָעִ֜יר לַ֗יְלָה דֶּ֜רֶךְ שַׁ֤עַר בֵּין־הַחֹמֹתַ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים עַל־הָעִ֖יר סָבִ֑יב וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ | And the city was breached, and all the warriors fled and departed from the city at night, through the gate between the two walls which were alongside the king's garden, while the Chaldeans were alongside the city around it. And the warriors went by the road through the arid tract. |
|| 2 Ki 25:4.
road through ← road of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Jer 52:8 | וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂ֥יגוּ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת יְרֵח֑וֹ וְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ נָפֹ֖צוּ מֵעָלָֽיו׃ | Then the Chaldean army pursued the king, and they caught up with Zedekiah in the arid tracts of Jericho, and all his army dispersed themselves away from him. | || 2 Ki 25:5. |
| Jer 52:9 | וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּעֲל֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ בָּבֶ֛ל רִבְלָ֖תָה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ מִשְׁפָּטִֽים׃ | And they caught the king, and they brought him up to the king of Babylon in Riblah in the land of Hamath, and sentence was passed on him. |
|| 2 Ki 25:6.
in Riblah ← to Riblah. sentence was passed on him ← he / one spoke sentence on him. |
| Jer 52:10 | וַיִּשְׁחַ֧ט מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ לְעֵינָ֑יו וְגַ֛ם אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה שָׁחַ֥ט בְּרִבְלָֽתָה׃ | And the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons in his sight, and he also slaughtered all the officials of Judah in Riblah. | || 2 Ki 25:7. |
| Jer 52:11 | וְאֶת־עֵינֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ עִוֵּ֑ר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֣הוּ בַֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֗יִם וַיְבִאֵ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ בָּבֶ֔לָה וַיִּתְּנֵ֥הוּ *בבית־**בֵֽית־הַפְּקֻדֹּ֖ת עַד־י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃ | He also blinded Zedekiah's eyes, and he bound him in fetters, and the king of Babylon brought him to Babylon, and he kept him {K: in} [Q: in] prison until the day of his death. |
|| 2 Ki 25:7.
kept ← put. |
| Jer 52:12 | וּבַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִׁי֙ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ הִ֗יא שְׁנַת֙ תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֑ל בָּ֗א נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים עָמַ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, that is the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan the chief guard came, who stood before the king of Babylon in Jerusalem, |
|| 2 Ki 25:8.
guard: see 2 Ki 25:8. |
| Jer 52:13 | וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית הַגָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | and he burnt the house of the Lord and the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and he burnt every high-ranking person's house with fire. | || 2 Ki 25:9, 2 Chr 36:19. |
| Jer 52:14 | וְאֶת־כָּל־חֹמ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סָבִ֑יב נָֽתְצוּ֙ כָּל־חֵ֣יל כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֶת־רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And the whole army of the Chaldeans, who were under the chief guard, demolished all the walls of Jerusalem surrounding it. |
|| 2 Ki 25:10.
under ← with. demolished: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. Similarly many verses following. |
| Jer 52:15 | וּמִדַּלּ֨וֹת הָעָ֜ם וְֽאֶת־יֶ֥תֶר הָעָ֣ם ׀ הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּעִ֗יר וְאֶת־הַנֹּֽפְלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽפְלוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת יֶ֣תֶר הָֽאָמ֑וֹן הֶגְלָ֕ה נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And Nebuzaradan the chief guard deported some of the poor among the people, and the rest of the people who remained in the city, and the defectors who had defected to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the population. |
|| 2 Ki 25:11.
the poor: feminine plural, but probably not poor women, but rather abstract, (those in) poverty. population ← multitude. |
| Jer 52:16 | וּמִדַּלּ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ הִשְׁאִ֕יר נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים לְכֹרְמִ֖ים וּלְיֹגְבִֽים׃ | But Nebuzaradan the chief guard left some of the poor of the land to be vine-growers and ploughmen. |
|| 2 Ki 25:12.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jer 52:17 | וְאֶת־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־יְהוָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֞וֹת וְאֶת־יָ֧ם הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְּר֣וּ כַשְׂדִּ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־כָּל־נְחֻשְׁתָּ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | And the Chaldeans broke up the copper columns of the house of the Lord, and the plinths, and the copper artificial sea which was in the house of the Lord, and they carried all the copper taken from them to Babylon. |
|| 2 Ki 25:13, 2 Chr 36:18.
the copper taken from them ← their copper. |
| Jer 52:18 | וְאֶת־הַ֠סִּרוֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַֽמְזַמְּר֜וֹת וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹ֣ת וְאֶת־הַכַּפּ֗וֹת וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֧י הַנְּחֹ֛שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־יְשָׁרְת֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם לָקָֽחוּ׃ | And they took the pans and the shovels and the snuffers and the sprinkling basins and the ladles and all the copper equipment with which they served. | || 2 Ki 25:14. |
| Jer 52:19 | וְאֶת־הַ֠סִּפִּים וְאֶת־הַמַּחְתּ֨וֹת וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֜וֹת וְאֶת־הַסִּיר֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹר֗וֹת וְאֶת־הַכַּפּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַמְּנַקִי֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר זָהָב֙ זָהָ֔ב וַאֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֖סֶף כָּ֑סֶף לָקַ֖ח רַב־טַבָּחִֽים׃ | And the chief guard took the dishes and the firepans and the sprinkling basins and the pans and the lampstands and the ladles and the vials which were of solid gold, and which were of solid silver. |
|| 2 Ki 25:15.
dishes: or thresholds. solid gold ... solid silver ← gold gold ... silver silver. |
| Jer 52:20 | הָעַמּוּדִ֣ים ׀ שְׁנַ֗יִם הַיָּ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְהַבָּקָ֞ר שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣חַת הַמְּכֹנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה לֹא־הָיָ֣ה מִשְׁקָ֔ל לִנְחֻשְׁתָּ֖ם כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | As for the two columns, the one artificial sea, and the twelve copper oxen which were beneath its bottom, which King Solomon had made for the house of the Lord, the copper of all this equipment was of inestimable weight. |
|| 2 Ki 25:16.
bottom ← bases. was of inestimable weight ← had no weight, i.e. had no bounds to its weight. |
| Jer 52:21 | וְהָעַמּוּדִ֗ים שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה אַמָּה֙ *קומה **קוֹמַת֙ הָעַמֻּ֣ד הָאֶחָ֔ד וְח֛וּט שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה יְסֻבֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָבְי֛וֹ אַרְבַּ֥ע אַצְבָּע֖וֹת נָבֽוּב׃ | And regarding the columns, eighteen cubits was the {K: height of} [Q: height of] each column, and a cord of twelve cubits went round it, and its thickness was four fingers, and it was hollow. |
|| 2 Ki 25:17.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. each ← one. |
| Jer 52:22 | וְכֹתֶ֨רֶת עָלָ֜יו נְחֹ֗שֶׁת וְקוֹמַ֨ת הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הָאַחַת֮ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּוֹת֒ וּשְׂבָכָ֨ה וְרִמּוֹנִ֧ים עַֽל־הַכּוֹתֶ֛רֶת סָבִ֖יב הַכֹּ֣ל נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְכָאֵ֛לֶּה לַֽעַמּ֥וּד הַשֵּׁנִ֖י וְרִמּוֹנִֽים׃ | And the capital on it was of copper, and the height of the first capital was five cubits, and the trellis and pomegranates on the capital around it were all of copper, and the second column had the same features and pomegranates. |
|| 2 Ki 25:17.
the first ← one. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. the same ← like these. |
| Jer 52:23 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה ר֑וּחָה כָּל־הָרִמּוֹנִ֥ים מֵאָ֛ה עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ | And the pomegranates were ninety-six in number on the exposed sides. The total number of pomegranates on the trellis was one hundred around it. | on the exposed sides ← to the wind. |
| Jer 52:24 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח רַב־טַבָּחִ֗ים אֶת־שְׂרָיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֖ה כֹּהֵ֣ן הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּֽף׃ | And the chief guard took Seraiah the head priest, and Zephaniah the second most senior priest, and the three doorkeepers, |
|| 2 Ki 25:18.
doorkeepers ← threshold keepers. |
| Jer 52:25 | וּמִן־הָעִ֡יר לָקַח֩ סָרִ֨יס אֶחָ֜ד אֲֽשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה פָקִ֣יד ׀ עַל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְשִׁבְעָ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מֵרֹאֵ֤י פְנֵי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצְא֣וּ בָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֗ת סֹפֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א הַמַּצְבִּ֖א אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעִֽיר׃ | and from the city he took one eunuch who was in charge of the warriors, and seven men from those who attended to the king, who were present in the city, and the scribe who was a commander of the army, who mobilized the people of the land, and sixty men from the people of the land who were present inside the city, |
|| 2 Ki 25:19.
in charge of ← the overseer over. attended to ← see the face of. present (2x) ← found. |
| Jer 52:26 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אוֹתָ֔ם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים וַיֹּ֧לֶךְ אוֹתָ֛ם אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל רִבְלָֽתָה׃ | and Nebuzaradan the chief guard took them and led them to the king of Babylon in Riblah. |
|| 2 Ki 25:20.
in Riblah ← to Riblah. |
| Jer 52:27 | וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אוֹתָם֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֧ל וַיְמִתֵ֛ם בְּרִבְלָ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיִּ֥גֶל יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ | Then the king of Babylon struck them down and killed them in Riblah in the land of Hamath. And Judah was deported from its land. | || 2 Ki 25:21. |
| Jer 52:28 | זֶ֣ה הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶגְלָ֖ה נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֕בַע יְהוּדִ֕ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | This is the number of people whom Nebuchadrezzar deported. In the seventh year, three thousand and twenty-three Jews; | |
| Jer 52:29 | בִּשְׁנַ֛ת שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ | in the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar, eight hundred and thirty-two people from Jerusalem. | people ← soul. |
| Jer 52:30 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שָׁלֹ֣שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֮ לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֒ הֶגְלָ֗ה נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים יְהוּדִ֕ים נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה כָּל־נֶ֕פֶשׁ אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | In the twenty-third year of Nebuchadrezzar, Nebuzaradan the chief guard deported seven hundred and forty-five Jewish persons. And the total number of people was four thousand and six hundred. | persons ... people ← soul ... soul. |
| Jer 52:31 | וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְגָלוּת֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ן מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ חֹ֔דֶשׁ בְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ נָשָׂ֡א אֱוִ֣יל מְרֹדַךְ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֜ל בִּשְׁנַ֣ת מַלְכֻת֗וֹ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּצֵ֥א אוֹת֖וֹ מִבֵּ֥ית *הכליא **הַכְּלֽוּא׃ | And it came to pass in the thirty-seventh year of the deportation of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month, that Evil-Merodach king of Babylon, in the year when he started to reign, gave Jehoiachin king of Judah his liberty, and he brought him out of the prison. |
prison: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning, as in Jer 37:4.
|| 2 Ki 25:27. gave ... liberty ← raised the head of. |
| Jer 52:32 | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ טֹב֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מִמַּ֗עַל לְכִסֵּ֧א *מלכים **הַמְּלָכִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בְּבָבֶֽל׃ | And he spoke welcome words to him, and he appointed his throne above the thrones of {K: the} [Q: the] kings who were with him in Babylon. |
|| 2 Ki 25:28.
welcome ← good. to him ← with him. thrones ← throne. |
| Jer 52:33 | וְשִׁנָּ֕ה אֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י כִלְא֑וֹ וְאָכַ֨ל לֶ֧חֶם לְפָנָ֛יו תָּמִ֖יד כָּל־יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽו׃ | And he changed his prison clothes, and he ate food regularly in his presence all the days of his life. |
|| 2 Ki 25:29.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. regularly ← always. |
| Jer 52:34 | וַאֲרֻחָת֗וֹ אֲרֻחַת֩ תָּמִ֨יד נִתְּנָה־לּ֜וֹ מֵאֵ֧ת מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמ֖וֹ עַד־י֣וֹם מוֹת֑וֹ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיָּֽיו׃ | And as for his meals, a regular meal was given to him by the king of Babylon as a day-to-day matter until the day of his death, all the days of his life. |
|| 2 Ki 25:30.
meals ← meal. |
| Ezek 1:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה בָּֽרְבִיעִי֙ בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַאֲנִ֥י בְתֽוֹךְ־הַגּוֹלָ֖ה עַל־נְהַר־כְּבָ֑ר נִפְתְּחוּ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וָאֶרְאֶ֖ה מַרְא֥וֹת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day of the month, when I was among the deportees at the River Chebar, that the heavens opened and I saw visions from God. |
deportees ← deportation.
from God ← of God. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ezek 1:2 | בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הִ֚יא הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַחֲמִישִׁ֔ית לְגָל֖וּת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ יוֹיָכִֽין׃ | On the fifth day of the month, which was in the fifth year of the deportation of King Jehoiachin, | Jehoiachin ← Joiachin, here. |
| Ezek 1:3 | הָיֹ֣ה הָיָ֣ה דְבַר־יְ֠הוָה אֶל־יְחֶזְקֵ֨אל בֶּן־בּוּזִ֧י הַכֹּהֵ֛ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים עַל־נְהַר־כְּבָ֑ר וַתְּהִ֥י עָלָ֛יו שָׁ֖ם יַד־יְהוָֽה׃ | the word of the Lord explicitly came to Ezekiel the son of Buzi, the priest, in the land of the Chaldeans, at the River Chebar, and the hand of the Lord came on him there. |
explicitly came ← explicitly became. Infinitive absolute.
Ezekiel ← Jehezkel, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. the priest: MT's darga associates the priest with Buzi; AV and [CB] with Ezekiel. came on ← became on. |
| Ezek 1:4 | וָאֵ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּה֩ ר֨וּחַ סְעָרָ֜ה בָּאָ֣ה מִן־הַצָּפ֗וֹן עָנָ֤ן גָּדוֹל֙ וְאֵ֣שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֔חַת וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִ֑יב וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַ֖ל מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And I looked, and what I saw was a stormy wind coming from the north – a large cloud and a self-perpetuating fire which had a glare around it, and in the middle of it was a kind of amber, in the middle of the fire. |
what I saw was ← behold.
stormy wind ← wind of storm, a Hebraic genitive. self-perpetuating ← holding itself. in the middle (2x) ← from the middle. No verb of motion is associated with the phrase. |
| Ezek 1:5 | וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ דְּמ֖וּת אַרְבַּ֣ע חַיּ֑וֹת וְזֶה֙ מַרְאֵֽיהֶ֔ן דְּמ֥וּת אָדָ֖ם לָהֵֽנָּה׃ | And in the middle of it was an apparition of four beings, and their appearance was like this: they had a similarity to a man, |
in the middle ← from the middle. No verb of motion is associated with the phrase.
beings ← living (things). |
| Ezek 1:6 | וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פָנִ֖ים לְאֶחָ֑ת וְאַרְבַּ֥ע כְּנָפַ֖יִם לְאַחַ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ | but each had four faces, and they each had four wings. | each ... each ← one ... one. |
| Ezek 1:7 | וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם רֶ֣גֶל יְשָׁרָ֑ה וְכַ֣ף רַגְלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּכַף֙ רֶ֣גֶל עֵ֔גֶל וְנֹ֣צְצִ֔ים כְּעֵ֖ין נְחֹ֥שֶׁת קָלָֽל׃ | And their legs were straight, and the sole of their feet was like the sole of calf's foot, and they glittered like the gleam of untarnished copper. |
straight ← a straight leg / foot.
gleam ← eye. untarnished ← light, of the colour when unoxidized, or polished. |
| Ezek 1:8 | *וידו **וִידֵ֣י אָדָ֗ם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ כַּנְפֵיהֶ֔ם עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣עַת רִבְעֵיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶ֥ם וְכַנְפֵיהֶ֖ם לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽם׃ | And {Q: they had the hands of} [K: his hand was of] a man under their wings on their four sides, and the four of them had faces and wings. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
four sides ← four quarters. faces and wings ← their faces and their wings. |
| Ezek 1:9 | חֹֽבְרֹ֛ת אִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָ֖הּ כַּנְפֵיהֶ֑ם לֹא־יִסַּ֣בּוּ בְלֶכְתָּ֔ן אִ֛ישׁ אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנָ֖יו יֵלֵֽכוּ׃ | Their wings were joined one to another, and they did not turn round as they moved. Each one moved straight forwards. |
one to another ← a female to its sister.
straight forwards ← over against his face. |
| Ezek 1:10 | וּדְמ֣וּת פְּנֵיהֶם֮ פְּנֵ֣י אָדָם֒ וּפְנֵ֨י אַרְיֵ֤ה אֶל־הַיָּמִין֙ לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֔ם וּפְנֵי־שׁ֥וֹר מֵֽהַשְּׂמֹ֖אול לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ן וּפְנֵי־נֶ֖שֶׁר לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽן׃ | And the appearance of their faces was the face of a man, and the four of them had the face of a lion on the right, and the four of them had the face of an ox on the left, and the four of them had the face of an eagle. | |
| Ezek 1:11 | וּפְנֵיהֶ֕ם וְכַנְפֵיהֶ֥ם פְּרֻד֖וֹת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה לְאִ֗ישׁ שְׁ֚תַּיִם חֹבְר֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ וּשְׁתַּ֣יִם מְכַסּ֔וֹת אֵ֖ת גְּוִיֹתֵיהֶֽנָה׃ | Both their faces and their wings pointed upwards. Each had two wings joined to each other, and two wings covering their bodies. |
both their faces: AV differs (thus were their faces;).
pointed upwards ← separated from above, i.e. with an apex as seen from above. |
| Ezek 1:12 | וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנָ֖יו יֵלֵ֑כוּ אֶ֣ל אֲשֶׁר֩ יִֽהְיֶה־שָׁ֨מָּה הָר֤וּחַ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּֽן׃ | And each moved straight forwards. They went wherever the spirit was about to go. They did not turn round as they moved. | straight forwards: see Ezek 1:9. |
| Ezek 1:13 | וּדְמ֨וּת הַחַיּ֜וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם כְּגַחֲלֵי־אֵ֗שׁ בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים הִ֕יא מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת בֵּ֣ין הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְנֹ֣גַהּ לָאֵ֔שׁ וּמִן־הָאֵ֖שׁ יוֹצֵ֥א בָרָֽק׃ | And as for a characterization of the beings, their appearance was like burning fiery coals; it was like the appearance of torches, moving about between the beings, and the fire had a glow, and lightning came out of the fire. | torches ← the torches. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ezek 1:14 | וְהַחַיּ֖וֹת רָצ֣וֹא וָשׁ֑וֹב כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה הַבָּזָֽק׃ | And the beings ran back and forth, in the likeness of lightning. | ran back and forth ← ran and returned. Infinitive absolute of both verbs. |
| Ezek 1:15 | וָאֵ֖רֶא הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּה֩ אוֹפַ֨ן אֶחָ֥ד בָּאָ֛רֶץ אֵ֥צֶל הַחַיּ֖וֹת לְאַרְבַּ֥עַת פָּנָֽיו׃ | And I looked at the beings, and what I saw was a wheel on the ground next to the beings which had four faces. |
what I saw was ← behold.
a wheel ← one wheel. |
| Ezek 1:16 | מַרְאֵ֨ה הָאוֹפַנִּ֤ים וּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ כְּעֵ֣ין תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ וּדְמ֥וּת אֶחָ֖ד לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ן וּמַרְאֵיהֶם֙ וּמַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִהְיֶ֥ה הָאוֹפַ֖ן בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאוֹפָֽן׃ | The appearance of the wheels and their nature was like the sparkling of a Tarshish gem, and the four of them had the same appearance. And their form and fashion was as a wheel inside a wheel is. |
their nature ← their work / craftsmanship.
the same ← one. |
| Ezek 1:17 | עַל־אַרְבַּ֥עַת רִבְעֵיהֶ֖ן בְּלֶכְתָּ֣ם יֵלֵ֑כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּֽן׃ | When they moved, they went in the direction of their four sides; they did not turn round as they moved. |
the direction of ← towards.
four sides ← four quarters. |
| Ezek 1:18 | וְגַ֨בֵּיהֶ֔ן וְגֹ֥בַהּ לָהֶ֖ם וְיִרְאָ֣ה לָהֶ֑ם וְגַבֹּתָ֗ם מְלֵאֹ֥ת עֵינַ֛יִם סָבִ֖יב לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽן׃ | And they had high wheel rims, and they were fearsome, and their rims were full of eyes around them – for all four of them. |
rims (2x) ← backs.
fearsome ← fear to them. |
| Ezek 1:19 | וּבְלֶ֙כֶת֙ הַֽחַיּ֔וֹת יֵלְכ֥וּ הָאוֹפַנִּ֖ים אֶצְלָ֑ם וּבְהִנָּשֵׂ֤א הַֽחַיּוֹת֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ יִנָּשְׂא֖וּ הָאוֹפַנִּֽים׃ | As the beings moved, the wheels moved alongside them, and as the beings were lifted above the ground, the wheels were lifted too. | |
| Ezek 1:20 | עַ֣ל אֲשֶׁר֩ יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֨ם הָר֤וּחַ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ שָׁ֥מָּה הָר֖וּחַ לָלֶ֑כֶת וְהָאוֹפַנִּ֗ים יִנָּשְׂאוּ֙ לְעֻמָּתָ֔ם כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ הַחַיָּ֖ה בָּאוֹפַנִּֽים׃ | They went wherever the spirit would be going – to where the spirit was to go. And the wheels were lifted up in concert with them, for the spirit of the being was in the wheels. | |
| Ezek 1:21 | בְּלֶכְתָּ֣ם יֵלֵ֔כוּ וּבְעָמְדָ֖ם יַֽעֲמֹ֑דוּ וּֽבְהִנָּשְׂאָ֞ם מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ יִנָּשְׂא֤וּ הָאֽוֹפַנִּים֙ לְעֻמָּתָ֔ם כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ הַחַיָּ֖ה בָּאוֹפַנִּֽים׃ | When they moved, these moved, and when they stopped, these stopped, and when they were lifted above the ground, the wheels were lifted up in concert with them, for the spirit of the being was in the wheels. | |
| Ezek 1:22 | וּדְמ֞וּת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הַחַיָּה֙ רָקִ֔יעַ כְּעֵ֖ין הַקֶּ֣רַח הַנּוֹרָ֑א נָט֥וּי עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And the appearance of what was above the heads of the beings was an expanse, like the sparkle of an awesome sheet of ice, spread out over their heads high up. |
beings ← being.
high up ← upwards, or from above. “From” perhaps losing its force. |
| Ezek 1:23 | וְתַ֙חַת֙ הָרָקִ֔יעַ כַּנְפֵיהֶ֣ם יְשָׁר֔וֹת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָ֑הּ לְאִ֗ישׁ שְׁתַּ֤יִם מְכַסּוֹת֙ לָהֵ֔נָּה וּלְאִ֗ישׁ שְׁתַּ֤יִם מְכַסּוֹת֙ לָהֵ֔נָּה אֵ֖ת גְּוִיֹּתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And under the expanse were their straight wings, facing each other. Each being had two covering their bodies on one side, and each had two covering on the other side. | each other ← a female to its sister. |
| Ezek 1:24 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֣ע אֶת־ק֣וֹל כַּנְפֵיהֶ֡ם כְּקוֹל֩ מַ֨יִם רַבִּ֤ים כְּקוֹל־שַׁדַּי֙ בְּלֶכְתָּ֔ם ק֥וֹל הֲמֻלָּ֖ה כְּק֣וֹל מַחֲנֶ֑ה בְּעָמְדָ֖ם תְּרַפֶּ֥ינָה כַנְפֵיהֶֽן׃ | And I heard the sound of their wings, like the sound of much running water, like the sound of the Almighty, as they moved – a tumultuous noise like the sound of a military encampment. When they stood still, they let their wings down. | tumultuous noise ← noise of a tumult, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 1:25 | וַיְהִי־ק֕וֹל מֵעַ֕ל לָרָקִ֖יעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם בְּעָמְדָ֖ם תְּרַפֶּ֥ינָה כַנְפֵיהֶֽן׃ | And there was a sound above the expanse which was over their heads. When they stood still, they let their wings down. | their heads ← their head. Singular in Hebrew because one head per being. |
| Ezek 1:26 | וּמִמַּ֗עַל לָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אֶֽבֶן־סַפִּ֖יר דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א וְעַל֙ דְּמ֣וּת הַכִּסֵּ֔א דְּמ֞וּת כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אָדָ֛ם עָלָ֖יו מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And above the expanse which was over their heads was something with the appearance of a sapphire gemstone, as an apparition of a throne, and on the apparition of the throne was an apparition with the appearance of a man on it high up. | high up ← upwards, or from above. “From” perhaps losing its force. |
| Ezek 1:27 | וָאֵ֣רֶא ׀ כְּעֵ֣ין חַשְׁמַ֗ל כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֤שׁ בֵּֽית־לָהּ֙ סָבִ֔יב מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה מָתְנָ֖יו וּלְמָ֑עְלָה וּמִמַּרְאֵ֤ה מָתְנָיו֙ וּלְמַ֔טָּה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֔שׁ וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | And I saw the lustre of amber, like the appearance of fire inside it all around, from the appearance of his waist and upwards. And as for the appearance of his waist and downwards, I saw something with the appearance of fire which had a glow all around. | the lustre ← as the lustre. |
| Ezek 1:28 | כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַקֶּ֡שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בֶעָנָ֜ן בְּי֣וֹם הַגֶּ֗שֶׁם כֵּ֣ן מַרְאֵ֤ה הַנֹּ֙גַהּ֙ סָבִ֔יב ה֕וּא מַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כְּבוֹד־יְהוָ֑ה וָֽאֶרְאֶה֙ וָאֶפֹּ֣ל עַל־פָּנַ֔י וָאֶשְׁמַ֖ע ק֥וֹל מְדַבֵּֽר׃ ס | As is the appearance of a rainbow, which is present in a cloud on a rainy day, so was the appearance of the glow all around. It was the appearance of the manifestation of the glory of the Lord, and when I saw it, I fell face down and heard a voice speaking. |
rainy day ← day of the rain, a Hebraic genitive, and an unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
face down ← on my face. |
| Ezek 2:1 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ עֲמֹ֣ד עַל־רַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַאֲדַבֵּ֖ר אֹתָֽךְ׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, stand on your feet, and I will speak with you.” | |
| Ezek 2:2 | וַתָּ֧בֹא בִ֣י ר֗וּחַ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלַ֔י וַתַּעֲמִדֵ֖נִי עַל־רַגְלָ֑י וָאֶשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת מִדַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלָֽי׃ פ | And the spirit came into me as he spoke to me, and it stood me up on my feet, and I heard him who was speaking to me. |
the spirit ← a spirit. This applies to many other cases in this book.
it: feminine, so certainly referring to spirit. |
| Ezek 2:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ שׁוֹלֵ֨חַ אֲנִ֤י אֽוֹתְךָ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גּוֹיִ֥ם הַמּוֹרְדִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָרְדוּ־בִ֑י הֵ֤מָּה וַאֲבוֹתָם֙ פָּ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֔י עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, I am sending you to the sons of Israel, to the nations which are rebelling, which have rebelled against me. They and their fathers have been transgressing against me, up to this very day. | |
| Ezek 2:4 | וְהַבָּנִ֗ים קְשֵׁ֤י פָנִים֙ וְחִזְקֵי־לֵ֔ב אֲנִ֛י שׁוֹלֵ֥חַ אוֹתְךָ֖ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ | And their sons are brazen-faced and stubborn. I am sending you to them, and you will say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says.’ |
brazen-faced ← hard of face.
stubborn ← hard of heart. this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 2:5 | וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ אִם־יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּ֔לוּ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵ֑מָּה וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י נָבִ֖יא הָיָ֥ה בְתוֹכָֽם׃ פ | And whether they heed it, or whether they decline to – for they are a rebellious house – they will know that a prophet was among them. | rebellious house ← a house of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 2:6 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָ֠דָם אַל־תִּירָ֨א מֵהֶ֜ם וּמִדִּבְרֵיהֶ֣ם אַל־תִּירָ֗א כִּ֣י סָרָבִ֤ים וְסַלּוֹנִים֙ אוֹתָ֔ךְ וְאֶל־עַקְרַבִּ֖ים אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֑ב מִדִּבְרֵיהֶ֤ם אַל־תִּירָא֙ וּמִפְּנֵיהֶ֣ם אַל־תֵּחָ֔ת כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ | And you, son of Adam, do not fear them, and do not fear their words, even though you will be among briars and thorns, and you will be living among scorpions. Do not be afraid of their words, and do not fear them, although they are a rebellious house. |
you will be among briars and thorns ← briars and thorns (will be) with you. Metaphorical.
fear them ← fear from before them / from their face. a rebellious house: see Ezek 2:5. |
| Ezek 2:7 | וְדִבַּרְתָּ֤ אֶת־דְּבָרַי֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אִֽם־יִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ כִּ֥י מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ פ | And you will speak my words to them, whether they heed them or whether they decline to, for they are rebellious. | rebellious ← a rebellion. |
| Ezek 2:8 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם שְׁמַע֙ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ אַל־תְּהִי־מֶ֖רִי כְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֑רִי פְּצֵ֣ה פִ֔יךָ וֶאֱכֹ֕ל אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֥ן אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | But you, son of Adam, hear what I am speaking to you. Do not be rebellious like the rebellious house. Open your mouth and consume what I give you.” |
rebellious ← a rebellion.
rebellious house: see Ezek 2:5. |
| Ezek 2:9 | וָאֶרְאֶ֕ה וְהִנֵּה־יָ֖ד שְׁלוּחָ֣ה אֵלָ֑י וְהִנֵּה־ב֖וֹ מְגִלַּת־סֵֽפֶר׃ | And I looked, and what I saw was a hand stretched out towards me, and there was a book-scroll in it. |
Rev 5:1.
what I saw was ← behold. there was ← behold. |
| Ezek 2:10 | וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אוֹתָהּ֙ לְפָנַ֔י וְהִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֑וֹר וְכָת֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ קִנִ֥ים וָהֶ֖גֶה וָהִֽי׃ ס | And he spread it out in front of me, and it was written on, on the inside and on the back. And lamentations and grieving and mourning were written on it. | Rev 5:1. |
| Ezek 3:1 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּמְצָ֖א אֱכ֑וֹל אֱכוֹל֙ אֶת־הַמְּגִלָּ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְלֵ֥ךְ דַּבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, eat what you find; eat this scroll, then go and speak to the house of Israel.” | Rev 10:9. |
| Ezek 3:2 | וָאֶפְתַּ֖ח אֶת־פִּ֑י וַיַּ֣אֲכִלֵ֔נִי אֵ֖ת הַמְּגִלָּ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | So I opened my mouth, and he fed me that scroll. | that scroll ← this scroll. |
| Ezek 3:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ בִּטְנְךָ֤ תַֽאֲכֵל֙ וּמֵעֶ֣יךָ תְמַלֵּ֔א אֵ֚ת הַמְּגִלָּ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֣ן אֵלֶ֑יךָ וָאֹ֣כְלָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֥י בְּפִ֖י כִּדְבַ֥שׁ לְמָתֽוֹק׃ פ | Then he said to me, “Son of Adam, feed your stomach and fill your bowels with this scroll which I am giving you.” So I ate it, and it was like honey in my mouth because of its sweetness. | Rev 10:9. |
| Ezek 3:4 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם לֶךְ־בֹּא֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְדִבַּרְתָּ֥ בִדְבָרַ֖י אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, depart; go to the house of Israel, and speak to them with my words. | |
| Ezek 3:5 | כִּ֡י לֹא֩ אֶל־עַ֨ם עִמְקֵ֥י שָׂפָ֛ה וְכִבְדֵ֥י לָשׁ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה שָׁל֑וּחַ אֶל־בֵּ֖ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For you are not being sent to a people of an unintelligible language or of a difficult tongue, but to the house of Israel |
unintelligible ← depths of, so unfathomable.
difficult ← heavinesses of. |
| Ezek 3:6 | לֹ֣א ׀ אֶל־עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים עִמְקֵ֤י שָׂפָה֙ וְכִבְדֵ֣י לָשׁ֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־תִשְׁמַ֖ע דִּבְרֵיהֶ֑ם אִם־לֹ֤א אֲלֵיהֶם֙ שְׁלַחְתִּ֔יךָ הֵ֖מָּה יִשְׁמְע֥וּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | – not to many nations of an unintelligible language or a difficult tongue whose words you would not understand. But it is certain that if I had sent you to them, they would have heeded you. |
unintelligible ... difficult: see Ezek 3:5.
understand ← hear. but it is certain that: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 3:7 | וּבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א יֹאבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם אֹבִ֖ים לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלָ֑י כִּ֚י כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חִזְקֵי־מֵ֥צַח וּקְשֵׁי־לֵ֖ב הֵֽמָּה׃ | But the house of Israel will not be willing to heed you, for they are not willing to heed me, for the whole house of Israel is impudent and obstinate. | impudent and obstinate ← strong of forehead and hard of heart. |
| Ezek 3:8 | הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֧תִּי אֶת־פָּנֶ֛יךָ חֲזָקִ֖ים לְעֻמַּ֣ת פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶֽת־מִצְחֲךָ֥ חָזָ֖ק לְעֻמַּ֥ת מִצְחָֽם׃ | Look, I have made you firm in resolve against their resolve, and you strong in determination against their determination. |
resolve (2x) ← face.
determination (2x) ← forehead. |
| Ezek 3:9 | כְּשָׁמִ֛יר חָזָ֥ק מִצֹּ֖ר נָתַ֣תִּי מִצְחֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תִירָ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְלֹא־תֵחַ֣ת מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י בֵּֽית־מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ פ | As diamond is harder than flint, so I have made your determination. Do not be afraid of them and do not fear them, although they are a rebellious house.” |
harder ← stronger.
determination ← forehead. fear them: see Ezek 2:6. a rebellious house: see Ezek 2:5. |
| Ezek 3:10 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרַי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֔יךָ קַ֥ח בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְאָזְנֶ֥יךָ שְׁמָֽע׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, take to your heart all the words which I speak to you, and hear with your ears. | |
| Ezek 3:11 | וְלֵ֨ךְ בֹּ֤א אֶל־הַגּוֹלָה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֑ה אִֽם־יִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּֽלוּ׃ | And depart and go to the deportees, to the sons of your people, and speak to them, and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says’, whether they heed it, or whether they decline to do so.” |
deportees ← deportation.
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 3:12 | וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֣נִי ר֔וּחַ וָאֶשְׁמַ֣ע אַחֲרַ֔י ק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ גָּד֑וֹל בָּר֥וּךְ כְּבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then the spirit took me up, and I heard the sound of a loud rushing noise behind me, saying, “Blessed be the glory of the Lord in its own place.” | in its own place ← from its place, but also in, at, [AnLx] מִן VI. |
| Ezek 3:13 | וְק֣וֹל ׀ כַּנְפֵ֣י הַחַיּ֗וֹת מַשִּׁיקוֹת֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וְק֥וֹל הָאוֹפַנִּ֖ים לְעֻמָּתָ֑ם וְק֖וֹל רַ֥עַשׁ גָּדֽוֹל׃ | And I heard the sound of the wings of the beings touching each other, and the sound of the wheels in concert with them, and a loud rushing sound. | |
| Ezek 3:14 | וְר֥וּחַ נְשָׂאַ֖תְנִי וַתִּקָּחֵ֑נִי וָאֵלֵ֥ךְ מַר֙ בַּחֲמַ֣ת רוּחִ֔י וְיַד־יְהוָ֥ה עָלַ֖י חָזָֽקָה׃ | And the spirit lifted me up and took me along, and I went feeling bitter in my exasperation, but the strong hand of the Lord was on me. |
in my exasperation ← in the venom / heat / fury of my spirit.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ezek 3:15 | וָאָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַגּוֹלָ֜ה תֵּ֣ל אָ֠בִיב הַיֹּשְׁבִ֤ים אֶֽל־נְהַר־כְּבָר֙ *ואשר **וָֽאֵשֵׁ֔ב הֵ֖מָּה יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם וָאֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁ֛ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים מַשְׁמִ֥ים בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And I went to the deportees in Tel-Abib, who lived at the River Chebar, and {K: I sat where they sat} [Q: I sat down. They sat there and I sat there] for seven days in astonishment among them. |
AV differs somewhat, reading a conflation of the ketiv and qeré.
deportees ← deportation. |
| Ezek 3:16 | וַיְהִ֕י מִקְצֵ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים פ וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass after seven days that the word of the Lord came to me and said, |
after ← at the end of.
came ← became. |
| Ezek 3:17 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם צֹפֶ֥ה נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֤ מִפִּי֙ דָּבָ֔ר וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | “Son of Adam, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel, and you will hear the word from my mouth, and you will give them warning on my behalf. | on my behalf ← from me. |
| Ezek 3:18 | בְּאָמְרִ֤י לָֽרָשָׁע֙ מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת וְלֹ֣א הִזְהַרְתּ֗וֹ וְלֹ֥א דִבַּ֛רְתָּ לְהַזְהִ֥יר רָשָׁ֛ע מִדַּרְכּ֥וֹ הָרְשָׁעָ֖ה לְחַיֹּת֑וֹ ה֤וּא רָשָׁע֙ בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְדָמ֖וֹ מִיָּדְךָ֥ אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | When I say to the wicked man, ‘You will certainly die’, but when you haven't warned him, and you haven't spoken so as to warn the wicked man to turn from his wicked way, so as to preserve his life, that wicked man will die in his iniquity, and I will require his blood from your hand. | require his blood from your hand: i.e. hold you accountable for his death. |
| Ezek 3:19 | וְאַתָּה֙ כִּֽי־הִזְהַ֣רְתָּ רָשָׁ֔ע וְלֹא־שָׁב֙ מֵֽרִשְׁע֔וֹ וּמִדַּרְכּ֖וֹ הָרְשָׁעָ֑ה ה֚וּא בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְאַתָּ֖ה אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הִצַּֽלְתָּ׃ ס | But if you do warn the wicked man, yet he does not turn away from his wickedness and from his evil way, he will die in his iniquity, but you will have saved your life. | life ← soul. |
| Ezek 3:20 | וּבְשׁ֨וּב צַדִּ֤יק מִצִּדְקוֹ֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֔וֶל וְנָתַתִּ֥י מִכְשׁ֛וֹל לְפָנָ֖יו ה֣וּא יָמ֑וּת כִּ֣י לֹ֤א הִזְהַרְתּוֹ֙ בְּחַטָּאת֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְלֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֗רְןָ צִדְקֹתָו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְדָמ֖וֹ מִיָּדְךָ֥ אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | And if a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits injustice, and I put a stumbling block before him, he will die. If you have not warned him, he will die in his sin, and his righteous deeds which he did will not be remembered, and I will require his blood at your hand. | I will require his blood at your hand: see Ezek 3:18. |
| Ezek 3:21 | וְאַתָּ֞ה כִּ֧י הִזְהַרְתּ֣וֹ צַדִּ֗יק לְבִלְתִּ֥י חֲטֹ֛א צַדִּ֖יק וְה֣וּא לֹא־חָטָ֑א חָי֤וֹ יִֽחְיֶה֙ כִּ֣י נִזְהָ֔ר וְאַתָּ֖ה אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הִצַּֽלְתָּ׃ ס | But if you do warn the righteous that the righteous must not sin, and he does not sin, he will certainly live because he was warned, and you will have saved your life.” |
he will certainly live: infinitive absolute.
life ← soul. |
| Ezek 3:22 | וַתְּהִ֥י עָלַ֛י שָׁ֖ם יַד־יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י ק֥וּם צֵא֙ אֶל־הַבִּקְעָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖ם אֲדַבֵּ֥ר אוֹתָֽךְ׃ | And the hand of the Lord was on me there, and he said to me, “Arise, go out to the valley, and I will speak with you there.” | |
| Ezek 3:23 | וָאָקוּם֮ וָאֵצֵ֣א אֶל־הַבִּקְעָה֒ וְהִנֵּה־שָׁ֤ם כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֔ד כַּכָּב֕וֹד אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי עַל־נְהַר־כְּבָ֑ר וָאֶפֹּ֖ל עַל־פָּנָֽי׃ | So I arose and went out to the valley, and what I saw was the glory of the Lord standing there, like the glory which I saw at the River Chebar, and I fell face down. |
what I saw was ← behold.
standing: or staying. face down ← on my face. |
| Ezek 3:24 | וַתָּבֹא־בִ֣י ר֔וּחַ וַתַּעֲמִדֵ֖נִי עַל־רַגְלָ֑י וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר אֹתִי֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֹּ֥א הִסָּגֵ֖ר בְּת֥וֹךְ בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃ | Then the spirit entered me and stood me up on my feet and spoke with me and said to me, “Go and shut yourself up inside your house. | |
| Ezek 3:25 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם הִנֵּ֨ה נָתְנ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וַאֲסָר֖וּךָ בָּהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֥א תֵצֵ֖א בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | And you, son of Adam, be aware that they will put you in bonds and bind you with them so that you will not be able to go out among those people. |
be aware that ← behold.
put you in bonds ← put bonds on you. those people ← them. |
| Ezek 3:26 | וּלְשֽׁוֹנְךָ֙ אַדְבִּ֣יק אֶל־חִכֶּ֔ךָ וְנֶֽאֱלַ֔מְתָּ וְלֹא־תִֽהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לְאִ֣ישׁ מוֹכִ֑יחַ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ | And I will make your tongue stick to your palate, and you will become mute, and they will not have anyone to convict them, for they are a rebellious house. |
anyone to convict them ← a convicter.
rebellious house ← house of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 3:27 | וּֽבְדַבְּרִ֤י אֽוֹתְךָ֙ אֶפְתַּ֣ח אֶת־פִּ֔יךָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֑ה הַשֹּׁמֵ֤עַ ׀ יִשְׁמָע֙ וְהֶחָדֵ֣ל ׀ יֶחְדָּ֔ל כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ ס | Then when I speak with you, I will open your mouth, and you will say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Let him who hears, hear, and let him who declines to, decline» ’, for they are a rebellious house. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 4:1 | וְאַתָּ֤ה בֶן־אָדָם֙ קַח־לְךָ֣ לְבֵנָ֔ה וְנָתַתָּ֥ה אוֹתָ֖הּ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְחַקּוֹתָ֥ עָלֶ֛יהָ עִ֖יר אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But you, son of Adam, get yourself a tile, and place it in front of you, and engrave on it a city – Jerusalem. | |
| Ezek 4:2 | וְנָתַתָּ֨ה עָלֶ֜יהָ מָצ֗וֹר וּבָנִ֤יתָ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ דָּיֵ֔ק וְשָׁפַכְתָּ֥ עָלֶ֖יהָ סֹֽלְלָ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֨ה עָלֶ֧יהָ מַחֲנ֛וֹת וְשִׂים־עָלֶ֥יהָ כָּרִ֖ים סָבִֽיב׃ | And lay a siege to it, and build a wall of circumvallation against it, and throw up a rampart against it, and put encampments against it, and place battering rams against it all round. | |
| Ezek 4:3 | וְאַתָּ֤ה קַח־לְךָ֙ מַחֲבַ֣ת בַּרְזֶ֔ל וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אוֹתָהּ֙ קִ֣יר בַּרְזֶ֔ל בֵּינְךָ֖ וּבֵ֣ין הָעִ֑יר וַהֲכִינֹתָה֩ אֶת־פָּנֶ֨יךָ אֵלֶ֜יהָ וְהָיְתָ֤ה בַמָּצוֹר֙ וְצַרְתָּ֣ עָלֶ֔יהָ א֥וֹת הִ֖יא לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And get yourself an iron baking dish, and place it as an iron wall between yourself and the city, and be resolute against it, and it will come under siege, and you will besiege it. It is a sign to the house of Israel. |
be resolute ← prepare your face.
come ← become. |
| Ezek 4:4 | וְאַתָּ֤ה שְׁכַב֙ עַל־צִדְּךָ֣ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔י וְשַׂמְתָּ֛ אֶת־עֲוֺ֥ן בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עָלָ֑יו מִסְפַּ֤ר הַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עָלָ֔יו תִּשָּׂ֖א אֶת־עֲוֺנָֽם׃ | And lie on your left hand side, and put the iniquity of the house of Israel on it. You will bear their iniquity according to the number of days you lie on it. | |
| Ezek 4:5 | וַאֲנִ֗י נָתַ֤תִּֽי לְךָ֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י עֲוֺנָ֔ם לְמִסְפַּ֣ר יָמִ֔ים שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת וְתִשְׁעִ֖ים י֑וֹם וְנָשָׂ֖אתָ עֲוֺ֥ן בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I will impose on you the years of their iniquity according to the number of days – three hundred and ninety days. So you will bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. | |
| Ezek 4:6 | וְכִלִּיתָ֣ אֶת־אֵ֗לֶּה וְשָׁ֨כַבְתָּ֜ עַל־צִדְּךָ֤ *הימוני **הַיְמָנִי֙ שֵׁנִ֔ית וְנָשָׂ֖אתָ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן בֵּית־יְהוּדָ֑ה אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם י֧וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֛ה י֥וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֖ה נְתַתִּ֥יו לָֽךְ׃ | And you will complete these days. Then you will lie a second time, on your right hand side, and you will bear the iniquity of the house of Judah for forty days. A day for a year, a day for a year is what I have appointed you. | right: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue. |
| Ezek 4:7 | וְאֶל־מְצ֤וֹר יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ תָּכִ֣ין פָּנֶ֔יךָ וּֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ חֲשׂוּפָ֑ה וְנִבֵּאתָ֖ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | So be resolute with the siege of Jerusalem, and have your arm exposed when you prophesy against it. |
be resolute: see Ezek 4:3.
with ← towards. |
| Ezek 4:8 | וְהִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי עָלֶ֖יךָ עֲבוֹתִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־תֵהָפֵ֤ךְ מִֽצִּדְּךָ֙ אֶל־צִדֶּ֔ךָ עַד־כַּלּוֹתְךָ֖ יְמֵ֥י מְצוּרֶֽךָ׃ | And look, I will put bonds on you, and you will not turn over from side to side until you have completed the days of your siege. | from side to side ← from your side to your side. |
| Ezek 4:9 | וְאַתָּ֣ה קַח־לְךָ֡ חִטִּ֡ין וּ֠שְׂעֹרִים וּפ֨וֹל וַעֲדָשִׁ֜ים וְדֹ֣חַן וְכֻסְּמִ֗ים וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ בִּכְלִ֣י אֶחָ֔ד וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ אוֹתָ֛ם לְךָ֖ לְלָ֑חֶם מִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה ׀ שׁוֹכֵ֣ב עַֽל־צִדְּךָ֗ שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֧וֹת וְתִשְׁעִ֛ים י֖וֹם תֹּאכֲלֶֽנּוּ׃ | And get yourself some wheat and barley and beans and lentils and millet and spelt, and put them in a receptacle, and make them into bread for yourself, according to the number of days for which you will be lying on your side. You will eat it for three hundred and ninety days. | a receptacle ← one receptacle. |
| Ezek 4:10 | וּמַאֲכָֽלְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכֲלֶ֔נּוּ בְּמִשְׁק֕וֹל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שֶׁ֖קֶל לַיּ֑וֹם מֵעֵ֥ת עַד־עֵ֖ת תֹּאכֲלֶֽנּוּ׃ | And your portion which you will eat will be twenty shekels in weight per day. From time to time you shall eat it. | |
| Ezek 4:11 | וּמַ֛יִם בִּמְשׂוּרָ֥ה תִשְׁתֶּ֖ה שִׁשִּׁ֣ית הַהִ֑ין מֵעֵ֥ת עַד־עֵ֖ת תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | And you will drink water by measure – a sixth of a hin. From time to time you will drink. | hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 4:12 | וְעֻגַ֥ת שְׂעֹרִ֖ים תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נָּה וְהִ֗יא בְּגֶֽלְלֵי֙ צֵאַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם תְּעֻגֶ֖נָה לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And you will eat barley cake, and you will bake it in their sight using stools of human excrement.” |
using ← in, at, with, i.e. as fuel. The same preposition translated using in 2 Chr 34:6 (qeré).
human ← man's. |
| Ezek 4:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה כָּ֣כָה יֹאכְל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־לַחְמָ֖ם טָמֵ֑א בַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּיחֵ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | Then the Lord said, “That is how the sons of Israel will eat their unclean bread among the nations to which I will drive them.” | |
| Ezek 4:14 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י לֹ֣א מְטֻמָּאָ֑ה וּנְבֵלָ֨ה וּטְרֵפָ֤ה לֹֽא־אָכַ֙לְתִּי֙ מִנְּעוּרַ֣י וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה וְלֹא־בָ֥א בְּפִ֖י בְּשַׂ֥ר פִּגּֽוּל׃ ס | Then I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, look I myself have not been defiled, and I have not eaten a corpse or anything preyed on from my youth up to now, and no abominable flesh has come to my mouth.” |
I myself ← my soul.
abominable flesh ← flesh of abomination, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 4:15 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י רְאֵ֗ה נָתַ֤תִּֽי לְךָ֙ אֶת־*צפועי **צְפִיעֵ֣י הַבָּקָ֔ר תַּ֖חַת גֶּלְלֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | Then he said to me, “Look, I will allow you ox dung instead of human stools, and you will make your bread over that.” |
dung: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue.
human ← man's. |
| Ezek 4:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ הִנְנִ֨י שֹׁבֵ֤ר מַטֵּה־לֶ֙חֶם֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאָכְלוּ־לֶ֥חֶם בְּמִשְׁקָ֖ל וּבִדְאָגָ֑ה וּמַ֕יִם בִּמְשׂוּרָ֥ה וּבְשִׁמָּמ֖וֹן יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, I am about to break the supply of bread in Jerusalem, and they will eat bread in weighed out amounts, and with anxiety, and they will drink water in measured amounts and in bewilderment, |
I am about to ← behold me.
supply ← staff. |
| Ezek 4:17 | לְמַ֥עַן יַחְסְר֖וּ לֶ֣חֶם וָמָ֑יִם וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאָחִ֔יו וְנָמַ֖קּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָֽם׃ פ | because they will lack bread and water, and they will be astonished at one another, and they will waste away in their iniquity. | one another ← a man and his brother. |
| Ezek 5:1 | וְאַתָּ֨ה בֶן־אָדָ֜ם קַח־לְךָ֣ ׀ חֶ֣רֶב חַדָּ֗ה תַּ֤עַר הַגַּלָּבִים֙ תִּקָּחֶ֣נָּה לָּ֔ךְ וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֥ עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֖ וְעַל־זְקָנֶ֑ךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ לְךָ֛ מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִשְׁקָ֖ל וְחִלַּקְתָּֽם׃ | And you, son of Adam, get yourself a sharp sword; get yourself a barber's razor, and pass it over your head and over your chin, and get yourself some scales for weighing, and divide the hair. |
sword: for use as in Ezek 5:2, not for shaving.
the hair ← them. |
| Ezek 5:2 | שְׁלִשִׁ֗ית בָּא֤וּר תַּבְעִיר֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר כִּמְלֹ֖את יְמֵ֣י הַמָּצ֑וֹר וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֗ית תַּכֶּ֤ה בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ סְבִ֣יבוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ תִּזְרֶ֣ה לָר֔וּחַ וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | Burn one third in a fire in the middle of the city when the days of the siege have been completed, and take one third and strike with the sword around it, and scatter one third in the wind, for I will draw out a sword after them. | |
| Ezek 5:3 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ מִשָּׁ֖ם מְעַ֣ט בְּמִסְפָּ֑ר וְצַרְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם בִּכְנָפֶֽיךָ׃ | Then take a small number of them, and bind them to the hems of your cloak. | of them ← from there. |
| Ezek 5:4 | וּמֵהֶם֙ ע֣וֹד תִּקָּ֔ח וְהִשְׁלַכְתָּ֤ אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֔שׁ וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ מִמֶּ֥נּוּ תֵצֵא־אֵ֖שׁ אֶל־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And take some more of them, and cast them into the fire, and burn them in the fire. A fire will come out from this to the whole house of Israel.” | from this ← from it, masculine, but no clear antecedent (fire is usually feminine, and it is so in the next clause). |
| Ezek 5:5 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֔ה זֹ֚את יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַגּוֹיִ֖ם שַׂמְתִּ֑יהָ וּסְבִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: “This is Jerusalem. I have placed it in the middle of the nations and the countries around it. |
this is what ← thus.
this is Jerusalem: or this very Jerusalem. |
| Ezek 5:6 | וַתֶּ֨מֶר אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֤י לְרִשְׁעָה֙ מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶ֨ת־חֻקּוֹתַ֔י מִן־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י בְמִשְׁפָּטַי֙ מָאָ֔סוּ וְחֻקּוֹתַ֖י לֹא־הָלְכ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃ ס | But it has turned against my justice for wickedness worse than that of the nations, and it has changed my statutes for what is worse than those of the countries which are around it, for they have rejected my judicial pronouncements, and as for my statutes, they have not walked in them.” |
turned against: from מָרָה. Re-pointing as וַתַּמֶר, from מוּר, it would read exchanged.
worse than: or (adopted) from. |
| Ezek 5:7 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה יַ֤עַן הֲמָנְכֶם֙ מִן־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּחֻקּוֹתַי֙ לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י לֹ֣א עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם וּֽכְמִשְׁפְּטֵ֧י הַגּוֹיִ֛ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ ס | That is why this is what my Lord the Lord says: “Since you are raging more than the nations which are around you, and you do not walk in my statutes, and you do not carry out my judicial pronouncements, and you have not carried out the judicial pronouncements of the nations which are around you” | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 5:8 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ גַּם־אָ֑נִי וְעָשִׂ֧יתִי בְתוֹכֵ֛ךְ מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים לְעֵינֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | – so says my Lord the Lord – “I, indeed I, am against you, and I will carry out judgments in your midst, in the eyes of the nations. | |
| Ezek 5:9 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתִי בָ֗ךְ אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־עָשִׂ֔יתִי וְאֵ֛ת אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֥ה כָמֹ֖הוּ ע֑וֹד יַ֖עַן כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃ ס | And I will do with you what I have never done, and what I will not do the like of again, on account of all your abominations. | never ← not. |
| Ezek 5:10 | לָכֵ֗ן אָב֞וֹת יֹאכְל֤וּ בָנִים֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וּבָנִ֖ים יֹאכְל֣וּ אֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֤יתִי בָךְ֙ שְׁפָטִ֔ים וְזֵרִיתִ֥י אֶת־כָּל־שְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְ לְכָל־רֽוּחַ׃ פ | That is why fathers will eat their sons in your midst, and sons will eat their fathers, and I will carry out judgments in you, and I will scatter all your remnant to every wind. | in your midst ... in you ... your remnant: MT pointed as feminine, so referring to Jerusalem. |
| Ezek 5:11 | לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־לֹ֗א יַ֚עַן אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י טִמֵּ֔את בְּכָל־שִׁקּוּצַ֖יִךְ וּבְכָל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָ֑יִךְ וְגַם־אֲנִ֤י אֶגְרַע֙ וְלֹא־תָח֣וֹס עֵינִ֔י וְגַם־אֲנִ֖י לֹ֥א אֶחְמֽוֹל׃ | That is why, as I live” – says my Lord the Lord – “it is most certainly because you have defiled my sanctuary with all your abhorrent things, and with all your abominations, that I for my part will bring about a dearth, and my eye will not pity, nor will I spare. |
it is most certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
for my part ← also. |
| Ezek 5:12 | שְׁלִשִׁתֵ֞יךְ בַּדֶּ֣בֶר יָמ֗וּתוּ וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֣וּ בְתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית בַּחֶ֖רֶב יִפְּל֣וּ סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית֙ לְכָל־ר֣וּחַ אֱזָרֶ֔ה וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | One third of you will die in the plague, and they will come to an end in the famine in your midst, and one third will fall by the sword all around you, and I will scatter one third to every wind, and I will draw out the sword after them. | |
| Ezek 5:13 | וְכָלָ֣ה אַפִּ֗י וַהֲנִחוֹתִ֧י חֲמָתִ֛י בָּ֖ם וְהִנֶּחָ֑מְתִּי וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ בְּקִנְאָתִ֔י בְּכַלּוֹתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃ | And my anger will be expended, and I will bring my fury down on them, and I will be consoled, and they will know that I, the Lord, have spoken in my zeal when I expend my fury on them. | |
| Ezek 5:14 | וְאֶתְּנֵךְ֙ לְחָרְבָּ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עוֹבֵֽר׃ | And I will make you a ruin and an object of reproach among the nations which are around you, in the eyes of every one passing through. | you: MT pointed as feminine singular, so a reference to Jerusalem. |
| Ezek 5:15 | וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה חֶרְפָּ֤ה וּגְדוּפָה֙ מוּסָ֣ר וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה לַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ בַּעֲשׂוֹתִי֩ בָ֨ךְ שְׁפָטִ֜ים בְּאַ֤ף וּבְחֵמָה֙ וּבְתֹכְח֣וֹת חֵמָ֔ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ | And it will become an object of reproach and revilement, of admonition and astonishment to the nations which are around you, when I execute justice against you in anger and in fury and in furious castigation. I, the Lord, have spoken. |
justice ← judgments.
furious castigation ← castigations of fury, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 5:16 | בְּֽשַׁלְּחִ֡י אֶת־חִצֵּי֩ הָרָעָ֨ב הָרָעִ֤ים בָּהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אוֹתָ֖ם לְשַֽׁחֶתְכֶ֑ם וְרָעָב֙ אֹסֵ֣ף עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם מַטֵּה־לָֽחֶם׃ | When I send the baneful arrows of famine against them, which will bring ruin, which I will send to bring ruin on you, I will increase the famine on you, and I will break the supply of your bread. |
will bring ruin ← will be for a ruiner.
supply ← staff. On the variation of grammatical person (3 plural / 2 plural), see Lev 1:3. |
| Ezek 5:17 | וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֣י עֲ֠לֵיכֶם רָעָ֞ב וְחַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ וְשִׁכְּלֻ֔ךְ וְדֶ֥בֶר וָדָ֖ם יַעֲבָר־בָּ֑ךְ וְחֶ֙רֶב֙ אָבִ֣יא עָלַ֔יִךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ פ | So I will send a famine over you, and wild animals, and they will bereave you. And pestilence and bloodshed will pass through you, and I will bring the sword against you. I, the Lord, have spoken.” | wild animals ← an evil animal. |
| Ezek 6:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 6:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהִנָּבֵ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | “Son of Adam, direct yourself towards the mountains of Israel, and prophesy to them, | direct yourself towards ← set your face to. |
| Ezek 6:3 | וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ הָרֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים *ולגאית **וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת הִנְנִ֨י אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֤יא עֲלֵיכֶם֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְאִבַּדְתִּ֖י בָּמֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | and say, ‘You mountains of Israel, hear the word of my Lord the Lord. This is what my Lord the Lord says to the mountains and to the hills, to the torrents and to the valleys: «I am about to bring the sword against you, and I will destroy your idolatrous raised sites. |
to the valleys: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| Ezek 6:4 | וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ מִזְבְּח֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֖וּ חַמָּֽנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִפַּלְתִּי֙ חַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And your altars will be devastated, and your sun-images will be broken down, and I will cause your casualties to fall in the presence of your idols. | |
| Ezek 6:5 | וְנָתַתִּ֗י אֶת־פִּגְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְזֵרִיתִי֙ אֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I will place the corpses of the sons of Israel in front of their idols, and I will scatter your bones around your altars. | |
| Ezek 6:6 | בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם הֶעָרִ֣ים תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה לְמַעַן֩ יֶחֶרְב֨וּ וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִמְח֖וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃ | In all your inhabited regions, the cities will be devastated, and the idolatrous raised sites will be made desolate, so that your altars are devastated and are laid waste, and your idols are broken and put an end to, and your sun-images are broken apart, and your works are obliterated. | are laid waste: as in [AnLx], sense IV. The more usual meaning of the word is bear guilt. |
| Ezek 6:7 | וְנָפַ֥ל חָלָ֖ל בְּתֽוֹכְכֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he who is a casualty will fall in your midst, and you will know that I am the Lord. | |
| Ezek 6:8 | וְהוֹתַרְתִּ֗י בִּהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֛ם פְּלִ֥יטֵי חֶ֖רֶב בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בְּהִזָּרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | But I will leave some remaining so that you have some who escape the sword among the nations, when you are scattered in the various countries. | |
| Ezek 6:9 | וְזָכְר֨וּ פְלִֽיטֵיכֶ֜ם אוֹתִ֗י בַּגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבּוּ־שָׁם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֜רְתִּי אֶת־לִבָּ֣ם הַזּוֹנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־סָר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י וְאֵת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם הַזֹּנ֕וֹת אַחֲרֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָקֹ֙טּוּ֙ בִּפְנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־הָֽרָעוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֔וּ לְכֹ֖ל תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And those of your company who escape will remember me among the nations where they have been taken prisoner, because I have been afflicted with their licentious heart, which has departed from me, and with their eyes lusting after their idols. And they will abhor themselves for the evil which they have done with all their abominations. |
abhor themselves ← loathe at their faces. The form is as if from קָטַט, but there is no niphal for this form in [AnLx], and [BDB] assigns it to קוּט, as if re-pointed to וְנָקֹטוּ, feel loathing.
afflicted ← broken. licentious ... lusting ← whoring ... whoring. evil ← evils. |
| Ezek 6:10 | וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֤א אֶל־חִנָּם֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ | And they will know that I, the Lord, have not spoken in vain that I would do this harm to them.» ’ | |
| Ezek 6:11 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הַכֵּ֨ה בְכַפְּךָ֜ וּרְקַ֤ע בְּרַגְלְךָ֙ וֶֽאֱמָר־אָ֔ח אֶ֛ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲב֥וֹת רָע֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֗ר בַּחֶ֛רֶב בָּרָעָ֥ב וּבַדֶּ֖בֶר יִפֹּֽלוּ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: ‘Strike with your hand and stamp with your foot, and say, «Alas for all the evil abominations, O house of Israel, for the people will fall by the sword and in the famine and by the pestilence. |
this is what ← thus.
the people ← they, but discordant with abominations, so probably not a reference to them (as would be implied by the English they). |
| Ezek 6:12 | הָרָח֞וֹק בַּדֶּ֣בֶר יָמ֗וּת וְהַקָּרוֹב֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפּ֔וֹל וְהַנִּשְׁאָר֙ וְהַנָּצ֔וּר בָּרָעָ֖ב יָמ֑וּת וְכִלֵּיתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃ | He who is far off will die in the pestilence, and he who is nearby will fall by the sword, and he who remains and survives those will die in the famine. So I will expend my fury on them. | survives: AV differs (is besieged), also possible. |
| Ezek 6:13 | וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּֽהְי֣וֹת חַלְלֵיהֶ֗ם בְּתוֹךְ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיהֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם אֶל֩ כָּל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֗ים וְתַ֨חַת כָּל־עֵ֤ץ רַֽעֲנָן֙ וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־אֵלָ֣ה עֲבֻתָּ֔ה מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ־שָׁם֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ לְכֹ֖ל גִּלּוּלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And you will know that I am the Lord when their casualties are among their idols around their altars, on every high hill and on all the summits of the mountains and under every luxuriant tree and under every bushy terebinth, in the place where they presented a sweet fragrance to all their idols. | presented ← gave. |
| Ezek 6:14 | וְנָטִ֤יתִי אֶת־יָדִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֤ה וּמְשַׁמָּה֙ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר דִּבְלָ֔תָה בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And I will stretch my hand out against them, and I will make the land a desolation, indeed more desolate than the Desert of Diblath, throughout all their inhabited regions, and they will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | Desert of Diblath ← Desert of (the way) to Diblath. |
| Ezek 7:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 7:2 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה לְאַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל קֵ֑ץ בָּ֣א הַקֵּ֔ץ עַל־*ארבעת **אַרְבַּ֖ע כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
“Now as for you, son of Adam, this is what the Lord, the Lord, says:
‘The ground of Israel is at an end. The end is coming over the four corners of the land. |
four: the ketiv and qeré issue is one of gender only.
this is what ← thus. corners ← wings; extremities. AV differs (thus saith the Lord GOD unto the land of Israel;), associating the words differently. |
| Ezek 7:3 | עַתָּה֙ הַקֵּ֣ץ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַפִּי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּשְׁפַטְתִּ֖יךְ כִּדְרָכָ֑יִךְ וְנָתַתִּ֣י עָלַ֔יִךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃ |
Now the end has come over you, And I will send my anger against you, And I will judge you according to your ways, And I will lay on you all your abominations. |
you: feminine singular, as are the other pronouns, referring to the land. |
| Ezek 7:4 | וְלֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֛י עָלַ֖יִךְ וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמ֑וֹל כִּ֣י דְרָכַ֜יִךְ עָלַ֣יִךְ אֶתֵּ֗ן וְתוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֣ךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֔יןָ וִידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
My eye will not have pity on you, And I will not show compassion, But I will lay your ways on you, And your abominations will be in your midst, And you will know That I am the Lord.’ |
|
| Ezek 7:5 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה רָעָ֛ה אַחַ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִנֵּ֥ה בָאָֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord, the Lord, says:
‘A calamity – one calamity – Behold, It is coming. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 7:6 | קֵ֣ץ בָּ֔א בָּ֥א הַקֵּ֖ץ הֵקִ֣יץ אֵלָ֑יִךְ הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה׃ |
An end is coming, The end is coming; It is looming over you. Behold, It is coming. |
looming over you ← putting you in fear, but with a homonym meaning arising over you. |
| Ezek 7:7 | בָּ֧אָה הַצְּפִירָ֛ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ בָּ֣א הָעֵ֗ת קָר֛וֹב הַיּ֥וֹם מְהוּמָ֖ה וְלֹא־הֵ֥ד הָרִֽים׃ |
The turning point has come to you, You inhabitant of the land. The time has come, The day is near; There is tumult, And not joyous shouting In the mountains. |
turning point: AV differs (morning).
AV differs in word association, as does MT (the day of trouble is near), apparently with an irregular articulate construct case הַיּ֥וֹם מְהוּמָ֖ה. |
| Ezek 7:8 | עַתָּ֣ה מִקָּר֗וֹב אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְכִלֵּיתִ֤י אַפִּי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּשְׁפַטְתִּ֖יךְ כִּדְרָכָ֑יִךְ וְנָתַתִּ֣י עָלַ֔יִךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתָֽיִךְ׃ |
Now I will shortly pour out my fury over you, And I will expend my anger against you, And I will judge you according to your ways, And I will lay on you all your abominations. |
shortly: or from nearby. |
| Ezek 7:9 | וְלֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמ֑וֹל כִּדְרָכַ֜יִךְ עָלַ֣יִךְ אֶתֵּ֗ן וְתוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֣ךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֔יןָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מַכֶּֽה׃ |
My eye will not have pity, And I will not show compassion. As your ways are, So I will lay them on you, And your abominations will be in your midst, And you will know that it is I, the Lord, Who am doing the striking. |
|
| Ezek 7:10 | הִנֵּ֥ה הַיּ֖וֹם הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה יָֽצְאָה֙ הַצְּפִרָ֔ה צָ֚ץ הַמַּטֶּ֔ה פָּרַ֖ח הַזָּדֽוֹן׃ |
Behold the day; Behold, it is coming. The turning point has arisen. The sceptre has flourished; The insolence has blossomed. |
arisen ← come out.
the sceptre: i.e. Nebuchadnezzar's rule. blossomed: the word also means festered; see Ex 9:9. |
| Ezek 7:11 | הֶחָמָ֥ס ׀ קָ֖ם לְמַטֵּה־רֶ֑שַׁע לֹא־מֵהֶ֞ם וְלֹ֧א מֵהֲמוֹנָ֛ם וְלֹ֥א מֶהֱמֵהֶ֖ם וְלֹא־נֹ֥הַּ בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Violence has arisen as a rod for wickedness, Not from them or from their own population, And not from a single one of them. And there will be no lamentation for them. |
rod for ← rod of; i.e., [CB], rod for punishing wickedness.
not from them: unclear. Perhaps not originating from them (but from Nebuchadnezzar). population ← multitude. not from a single one of them: an ↴ |
| Ezek 7:12 | בָּ֤א הָעֵת֙ הִגִּ֣יעַ הַיּ֔וֹם הַקּוֹנֶה֙ אַל־יִשְׂמָ֔ח וְהַמּוֹכֵ֖ר אַל־יִתְאַבָּ֑ל כִּ֥י חָר֖וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃ |
The time has come; The day has arrived. Don't let the buyer rejoice, And don't let the seller mourn, For there is fury over all its population. |
↳ option in [ST] p.142; others, not of their riches. AV differs (nor of any of theirs).
population ← multitude; wealth. |
| Ezek 7:13 | כִּ֣י הַמּוֹכֵ֗ר אֶל־הַמִּמְכָּר֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְע֥וֹד בַּחַיִּ֖ים חַיָּתָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָז֤וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָהּ֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְאִ֧ישׁ בַּעֲוֺנ֛וֹ חַיָּת֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתְחַזָּֽקוּ׃ |
For the seller will not return to what is sold As long as they still live, For the vision is about the whole of its population, Which will not return, And no-one will establish himself in his life By his iniquity. |
return to what is sold: [CB], at the jubilee.
As long as they still live ← yet in life their life. |
| Ezek 7:14 | תָּקְע֤וּ בַתָּק֙וֹעַ֙ וְהָכִ֣ין הַכֹּ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין הֹלֵ֖ךְ לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֥י חֲרוֹנִ֖י אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃ |
They have blown the trumpet And they have prepared everything, But there is no-one going to battle, For over the whole of its population is my fury. |
they have prepared: an infinitive construct acting as an infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
its population ← her multitude, referring to the land. |
| Ezek 7:15 | הַחֶ֣רֶב בַּח֔וּץ וְהַדֶּ֥בֶר וְהָרָעָ֖ב מִבָּ֑יִת אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יָמ֔וּת וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעִ֔יר רָעָ֥ב וָדֶ֖בֶר יֹאכֲלֶֽנּוּ׃ |
There is the sword outside And pestilence and famine inside. He who is in the field will die by the sword, And as for him who is in the city, Famine and pestilence will consume him. |
|
| Ezek 7:16 | וּפָֽלְטוּ֙ פְּלִ֣יטֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֣וּ אֶל־הֶהָרִ֗ים כְּיוֹנֵ֧י הַגֵּאָי֛וֹת כֻּלָּ֖ם הֹמ֑וֹת אִ֖ישׁ בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ |
But there will be some of them who escape, And they will be on the mountains like the doves of the valleys, All cooing, Each for his own iniquity. |
there will be some of them who escape ← their escapees will escape. |
| Ezek 7:17 | כָּל־הַיָּדַ֖יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־בִּרְכַּ֖יִם תֵּלַ֥כְנָה מָּֽיִם׃ |
All hands will become feeble, And all knees will melt like water. |
melt ← go, but also flow, run, of liquids. Compare Job 19:10. |
| Ezek 7:18 | וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃ |
And they will gird themselves with sackcloth, And terror will cover them, And there will be shame on every face, And baldness on all their heads. |
|
| Ezek 7:19 | כַּסְפָּ֞ם בַּחוּצ֣וֹת יַשְׁלִ֗יכוּ וּזְהָבָם֮ לְנִדָּ֣ה יִֽהְיֶה֒ כַּסְפָּ֨ם וּזְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ עֶבְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נַפְשָׁם֙ לֹ֣א יְשַׂבֵּ֔עוּ וּמֵעֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־מִכְשׁ֥וֹל עֲוֺנָ֖ם הָיָֽה׃ |
They will discard their silver in the streets, And their gold will become menstrual uncleanness. Their silver and their gold will not be able to save them On the day of the Lord's wrath. They do not satisfy their desires, And they do not fulfil their yearnings, For it has become a stumbling block Resulting from their iniquity. |
menstrual uncleanness: AV differs (be removed).
their silver and their gold (etc.): compare Zeph 1:18. desires ← soul. yearnings ← bowels. resulting from ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ezek 7:20 | וּצְבִ֤י עֶדְיוֹ֙ לְגָא֣וֹן שָׂמָ֔הוּ וְצַלְמֵ֧י תוֹעֲבֹתָ֛ם שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם עָ֣שׂוּ ב֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֛ן נְתַתִּ֥יו לָהֶ֖ם לְנִדָּֽה׃ |
And as for his ornamental splendour, He set it in his pre-eminent place, But they made their abominable and obscene images in it, Which is why I have made it A menstrually unclean thing to them. |
his ornamental splendour ← the splendour of his ornament, a Hebraic genitive.
pre-eminent place: i.e., [CB], sanctuary. their abominable and obscene images ← images of their abominations, their obscenities. |
| Ezek 7:21 | וּנְתַתִּ֤יו בְּיַֽד־הַזָּרִים֙ לָבַ֔ז וּלְרִשְׁעֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְשָׁלָ֑ל *וחללה **וְחִלְּלֽוּהוּ׃ |
And I will deliver it into the hand of foreigners as spoil And to the wicked of the earth as plunder, And they will defile it. |
and they will defile it: the suffix (it) of the ketiv is feminine, referring to land (Ezek 7:2); of the qeré, masculine, referring to splendour. |
| Ezek 7:22 | וַהֲסִבּוֹתִ֤י פָנַי֙ מֵהֶ֔ם וְחִלְּל֖וּ אֶת־צְפוּנִ֑י וּבָאוּ־בָ֥הּ פָּרִיצִ֖ים וְחִלְּלֽוּהָ׃ פ |
And I will turn my face away from them, And my hidden treasure will be defiled When raiders come to it And defile it. |
my hidden treasure will be defiled ← they will defile my hidden (treasure). Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 7:23 | עֲשֵׂ֖ה הָֽרַתּ֑וֹק כִּ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ מָֽלְאָה֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֥ה חָמָֽס׃ |
Make a chain, For the land is full of judicial cases of bloodshed, And the city is full of violence. |
chain ← the chain. [CB], as a sign of captivity. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ezek 7:24 | וְהֵֽבֵאתִי֙ רָעֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם וְיָרְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן עַזִּ֔ים וְנִחֲל֖וּ מְקַֽדְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ |
And I will bring wicked men from the Gentiles, Who will inherit their houses. And I will put a stop to the arrogance of the powerful, And their sanctifiers will pass on the inheritance. |
their sanctifiers will pass on the inheritance: referring to Jerusalem's officiating priests? We would prefer it re-pointed as וְנָחֲלוּ מִקְדְּשֵׁיהֶם, they will inherit their holy places. AV differs (be defiled). |
| Ezek 7:25 | קְפָ֖דָה־בָ֑א וּבִקְשׁ֥וּ שָׁל֖וֹם וָאָֽיִן׃ |
Wreckage is coming, And they will seek peace, But there won't be any. |
|
| Ezek 7:26 | הֹוָ֤ה עַל־הֹוָה֙ תָּב֔וֹא וּשְׁמֻעָ֥ה אֶל־שְׁמוּעָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה וּבִקְשׁ֤וּ חָזוֹן֙ מִנָּבִ֔יא וְתוֹרָה֙ תֹּאבַ֣ד מִכֹּהֵ֔ן וְעֵצָ֖ה מִזְּקֵנִֽים׃ |
Calamity upon calamity will come, And there will be rumour upon rumour, And they will seek a vision from a prophet, But the priest will be devoid of the law, And the elders will be devoid of counsel. |
the priest will be devoid of the law ← the law will perish from the priest. The law stands for divine guidance.
will be devoid of counsel ← counsel (will perish) from the elders. |
| Ezek 7:27 | הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יִתְאַבָּ֗ל וְנָשִׂיא֙ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וִידֵ֥י עַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ תִּבָּהַ֑לְנָה מִדַּרְכָּ֞ם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ וּבְמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֣ם אֶשְׁפְּטֵ֔ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
The king will mourn, And the prince will wear clothes displaying desolation, And the hands of the people of the land will be made to tremble. I will do to them According to their way, And I will judge them With their own judgments, And they will know That I am the Lord.’ ” |
will be made to tremble ← will be terrified. |
| Ezek 8:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗ית בַּשִּׁשִּׁי֙ בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ אֲנִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּבֵיתִ֔י וְזִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים לְפָנָ֑י וַתִּפֹּ֤ל עָלַי֙ שָׁ֔ם יַ֖ד אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ | Then it came to pass in the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the fifth day of the month, as I was sitting in my house, and the elders of Judah were sitting in front of me, that the hand of my Lord the Lord fell on me there. | |
| Ezek 8:2 | וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה דְמוּת֙ כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֔שׁ מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה מָתְנָ֛יו וּלְמַ֖טָּה אֵ֑שׁ וּמִמָּתְנָ֣יו וּלְמַ֔עְלָה כְּמַרְאֵה־זֹ֖הַר כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַֽלָה׃ | And I looked, and what I saw was an apparition like fire in appearance, and from its waist downwards it was like fire in appearance, and from its waist upwards it was of a brightness like the gleam of amber in appearance. |
what I saw was ← behold.
like fire in appearance (2x) ← from / according to the appearance of fire. it was of a brightness like the gleam of amber in appearance ← (was) as the appearance of a brightness like the gleam of amber. |
| Ezek 8:3 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ תַּבְנִ֣ית יָ֔ד וַיִּקָּחֵ֖נִי בְּצִיצִ֣ת רֹאשִׁ֑י וַתִּשָּׂ֣א אֹתִ֣י ר֣וּחַ ׀ בֵּֽין־הָאָ֣רֶץ וּבֵ֣ין הַשָּׁמַ֡יִם וַתָּבֵא֩ אֹתִ֨י יְרוּשָׁלְַ֜מָה בְּמַרְא֣וֹת אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֶל־פֶּ֜תַח שַׁ֤עַר הַפְּנִימִית֙ הַפּוֹנֶ֣ה צָפ֔וֹנָה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֣ם מוֹשַׁ֔ב סֵ֖מֶל הַקִּנְאָ֥ה הַמַּקְנֶֽה׃ | And it stretched out the form of a hand, and it took me by a lock of the hair of my head, and the spirit lifted up me between the earth and the heavens, and it brought me to Jerusalem in the visions of God, to the entrance of the inner gate which faces north, where there is the site of the figure of jealousy, which provokes to jealousy. | |
| Ezek 8:4 | וְהִ֨נֵּה־שָׁ֔ם כְּב֖וֹד אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּמַּרְאֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי בַּבִּקְעָֽה׃ | And behold, there was there the glory of the God of Israel, like the vision which I saw in the valley. | valley: see Ezek 3:23. |
| Ezek 8:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שָׂא־נָ֥א עֵינֶ֖יךָ דֶּ֣רֶךְ צָפ֑וֹנָה וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ צָפ֔וֹנָה וְהִנֵּ֤ה מִצָּפוֹן֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ סֵ֛מֶל הַקִּנְאָ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה בַּבִּאָֽה׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, please lift up your eyes towards the north.” So I lifted up my eyes towards the north, and what I saw in the north at the Altar Gate was this figure of jealousy at the entrance. |
towards the north (2x) ← to the way to the north.
what I saw ... was ← behold. |
| Ezek 8:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הֲרֹאֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה *מהם **מָ֣ה **הֵ֣ם עֹשִׂ֑ים תּוֹעֵב֨וֹת גְּדֹל֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ עֹשִׂ֣ים פֹּ֗ה לְרָֽחֳקָה֙ מֵעַ֣ל מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וְעוֹד֙ תָּשׁ֣וּב תִּרְאֶ֔ה תּוֹעֵב֖וֹת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃ ס | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, do you see what they are making – gross abominations which the house of Israel is making here, far from what should be my sanctuary? But look once again at the gross abominations.” |
what they: the ketiv is a contraction of the qeré.
far ← to recede, used adverbially. |
| Ezek 8:7 | וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתִ֖י אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הֶֽחָצֵ֑ר וָאֶרְאֶ֕ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה חֹר־אֶחָ֖ד בַּקִּֽיר׃ | And he brought me to the entrance of the courtyard, and I looked, and what I saw was a hole in the wall. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Ezek 8:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֖ם חֲתָר־נָ֣א בַקִּ֑יר וָאֶחְתֹּ֣ר בַּקִּ֔יר וְהִנֵּ֖ה פֶּ֥תַח אֶחָֽד׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, please hack through the wall.” So I hacked through the wall, and what I saw was a door. |
what I saw was ← behold.
a door ← one door. |
| Ezek 8:9 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֹּ֤א וּרְאֵה֙ אֶת־הַתּוֹעֵב֣וֹת הָרָע֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם עֹשִׂ֖ים פֹּֽה׃ | Then he said to me, “Come and see the evil abominations which they are making here.” | |
| Ezek 8:10 | וָאָבוֹא֮ וָֽאֶרְאֶה֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה כָל־תַּבְנִ֜ית רֶ֤מֶשׂ וּבְהֵמָה֙ שֶׁ֔קֶץ וְכָל־גִּלּוּלֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מְחֻקֶּ֥ה עַל־הַקִּ֖יר סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | So I went and looked, and what I saw was every species of reptile and animal – an abomination. And all the idols of the house of Israel were engraved on a wall all around. |
what I saw was ← behold.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 8:11 | וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֣ישׁ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י בֵֽית־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל וְיַאֲזַנְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־שָׁפָ֜ן עֹמֵ֤ד בְּתוֹכָם֙ עֹמְדִ֣ים לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְאִ֥ישׁ מִקְטַרְתּ֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ וַעֲתַ֥ר עֲנַֽן־הַקְּטֹ֖רֶת עֹלֶֽה׃ | And there were seventy men from the elders of the house of Israel standing before them, with Jaazaniah the son of Shaphan standing among them, and each had his censer in his hand, and a profuse cloud of incense-smoke was rising. | |
| Ezek 8:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר זִקְנֵ֤י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ אִ֖ישׁ בְּחַדְרֵ֣י מַשְׂכִּית֑וֹ כִּ֣י אֹמְרִ֗ים אֵ֤ין יְהוָה֙ רֹאֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔נוּ עָזַ֥ב יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And he said to me, “Have you seen, son of Adam, what the elders of the house of Israel do in darkness – each in his galleries with showpieces? For they say, ‘The Lord does not see us; the Lord has left the earth.’ ” | galleries with ← galleries of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ezek 8:13 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י ע֣וֹד תָּשׁ֥וּב תִּרְאֶ֛ה תּוֹעֵב֥וֹת גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִֽׂים׃ | Then he said to me, “Look once again at the gross abominations which they are perpetrating.” | once ← yet. |
| Ezek 8:14 | וַיָּבֵ֣א אֹתִ֗י אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֶל־הַצָּפ֑וֹנָה וְהִנֵּה־שָׁם֙ הַנָּשִׁ֣ים יֹֽשְׁב֔וֹת מְבַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הַתַּמּֽוּז׃ ס | Then he brought me to the entrance of the gate of the house of the Lord, which is on the north side, and what I saw there was women sitting and bewailing Tammuz. |
on the north side ← to northwards.
what I saw ... was ← behold. Tammuz ← the Tammuz, an idol, mourned after each summer solstice. |
| Ezek 8:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלַ֖י הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָ֑ם ע֣וֹד תָּשׁ֥וּב תִּרְאֶ֛ה תּוֹעֵב֥וֹת גְּדֹל֖וֹת מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And he said to me, “Have you seen it, son of Adam? Look once again and see abominations which are more gross than those.” |
once ← yet.
those ← these. |
| Ezek 8:16 | וַיָּבֵ֣א אֹתִ֗י אֶל־חֲצַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָה֮ הַפְּנִימִית֒ וְהִנֵּה־פֶ֜תַח הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֗ה בֵּ֤ין הָֽאוּלָם֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ כְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ אֲחֹ֨רֵיהֶ֜ם אֶל־הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ וּפְנֵיהֶ֣ם קֵ֔דְמָה וְהֵ֛מָּה מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֥ם קֵ֖דְמָה לַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Then he brought me to the inner court of the house of the Lord, and what I saw at the door to the temple of the Lord between the portico and the altar was about twenty-five men with their behinds pointing towards the temple of the Lord, and their faces to the east, and they were prostrating themselves eastwards, to the sun. | what I saw ... was ← behold. |
| Ezek 8:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָם֒ הֲנָקֵל֙ לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֶת־הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשׂוּ־פֹ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלְא֨וּ אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ חָמָ֗ס וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְהִנָּ֛ם שֹׁלְחִ֥ים אֶת־הַזְּמוֹרָ֖ה אֶל־אַפָּֽם׃ | And he said to me, “Have you seen, son of Adam? Is it a light thing for the house of Judah to commit the abominations which they are perpetrating here? For they have filled the land with violence, and they have again provoked me to anger, and there they are stretching out a phallic branch to {P: my} [M: their] nose. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= אַפִּי. AV differs.
there they are ← behold them. a phallic branch: see [CB]. |
| Ezek 8:18 | וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה בְחֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמֹ֑ל וְקָרְא֤וּ בְאָזְנַי֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁמַ֖ע אוֹתָֽם׃ | So I for my part will act in fury. My eye will not have pity, and I will not show compassion, and although they may cry out in my ears with a loud voice, I will not hear them.” | for my part ← also. |
| Ezek 9:1 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנַ֗י ק֤וֹל גָּדוֹל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר קָרְב֖וּ פְּקֻדּ֣וֹת הָעִ֑יר וְאִ֛ישׁ כְּלִ֥י מַשְׁחֵת֖וֹ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then he exclaimed in my ears in a loud voice and said, “Draw up the city's body of officers, with each man having his weapon of destruction in his hand.” | |
| Ezek 9:2 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה שִׁשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֡ים בָּאִ֣ים ׀ מִדֶּרֶךְ־שַׁ֨עַר הָעֶלְי֜וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ מָפְנֶ֣ה צָפ֗וֹנָה וְאִ֨ישׁ כְּלִ֤י מַפָּצוֹ֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וְאִישׁ־אֶחָ֤ד בְּתוֹכָם֙ לָבֻ֣שׁ בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֶ֥סֶת הַסֹּפֵ֖ר בְּמָתְנָ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ אֵ֖צֶל מִזְבַּ֥ח הַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And it so happened that six men were coming from the direction of the Upper Gate, which faces northwards, each with his weapon for bludgeoning in his hand, and one man among them dressed in fine linen, with a scribe's inkhorn at his waist, and they came and stood alongside the copper altar. |
it so happened ← behold.
direction ← way. faces ← is turned. |
| Ezek 9:3 | וּכְב֣וֹד ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַעֲלָה֙ מֵעַ֤ל הַכְּרוּב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה עָלָ֔יו אֶ֖ל מִפְתַּ֣ן הַבָּ֑יִת וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶל־הָאִישׁ֙ הַלָּבֻ֣שׁ הַבַּדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר קֶ֥סֶת הַסֹּפֵ֖ר בְּמָתְנָֽיו׃ ס | And the glory of the God of Israel was removed from the cherub on which it was, to the threshold of the house. And he called out to the man who was dressed in fine linen, who had a scribe's inkhorn at his waist, | removed ← brought up. |
| Ezek 9:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ *אלו **אֵלָ֔יו עֲבֹר֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר בְּת֖וֹךְ יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהִתְוִ֨יתָ תָּ֜ו עַל־מִצְח֣וֹת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַנֶּֽאֱנָחִים֙ וְהַנֶּ֣אֱנָקִ֔ים עַ֚ל כָּל־הַתּ֣וֹעֵב֔וֹת הַֽנַּעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ | and the Lord said to him, “Pass through the middle of the city – through the middle of Jerusalem – and put a mark on the foreheads of those men who are sighing and groaning about all the abominations which are being committed in its midst.” |
to him: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré.
Rev 7:3, Rev 9:4. committed: or (physically) made. |
| Ezek 9:5 | וּלְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אָמַ֣ר בְּאָזְנַ֔י עִבְר֥וּ בָעִ֛יר אַחֲרָ֖יו וְהַכּ֑וּ *על־**אַל־תָּחֹ֥ס *עיניכם **עֵינְכֶ֖ם וְאַל־תַּחְמֹֽלוּ׃ | And to these he said in my hearing, “Pass through the city after him, and strike. Do not let your {Q: eye} [K: eyes] have pity, and do not show compassion. |
do not: the ketiv irregularly has an ayin where an aleph is expected.
eyes (ketiv): discordant with the verb; the qeré is the usual formula, as in Ezek 5:11, Ezek 7:4, Ezek 7:9, Ezek 8:18. |
| Ezek 9:6 | זָקֵ֡ן בָּח֣וּר וּבְתוּלָה֩ וְטַ֨ף וְנָשִׁ֜ים תַּהַרְג֣וּ לְמַשְׁחִ֗ית וְעַל־כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־עָלָ֤יו הַתָּו֙ אַל־תִּגַּ֔שׁוּ וּמִמִּקְדָּשִׁ֖י תָּחֵ֑לּוּ וַיָּחֵ֙לּוּ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י הַבָּֽיִת׃ | You shall kill, giving no quarter, the old, the young man and the virgin, and children and women, but do not approach any person who has the mark on him, and start from my sanctuary.” So they started with the elders who were in front of the house. |
giving no quarter ← to ruination.
any ← every. person ← man, but not exclusively so (unlike גֶּבֶר). |
| Ezek 9:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם טַמְּא֣וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת וּמַלְא֧וּ אֶת־הַחֲצֵר֛וֹת חֲלָלִ֖ים צֵ֑אוּ וְיָצְא֖וּ וְהִכּ֥וּ בָעִֽיר׃ | And he said to them, “Defile the house and fill the courts with those killed. Out you go.” So they went out and struck in the city. | |
| Ezek 9:8 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כְּהַכּוֹתָ֔ם וְנֵֽאשֲׁאַ֖ר אָ֑נִי וָאֶפְּלָ֨ה עַל־פָּנַ֜י וָאֶזְעַ֗ק וָֽאֹמַר֙ אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הֲמַשְׁחִ֣ית אַתָּ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּשָׁפְכְּךָ֥ אֶת־חֲמָתְךָ֖ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And it came to pass, as they were striking, that I was left, and I fell face down, and I cried out, and I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, are you destroying the whole remainder of Israel, as you pour out your fury over Jerusalem?” | face down ← on my face. |
| Ezek 9:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י עֲוֺ֨ן בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ גָּדוֹל֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֣ה מֻטֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ עָזַ֤ב יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין יְהוָ֖ה רֹאֶֽה׃ | And he said to me, “The iniquity of the house of Israel and Judah is very, very great, and the land has been filled with bloodshed, and the city is full of wresting of justice, for they have said, ‘The Lord has left the earth’, and, ‘The Lord is not looking.’ | bloodshed ← bloods. |
| Ezek 9:10 | וְגַ֨ם־אֲנִ֔י לֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמֹ֑ל דַּרְכָּ֖ם בְּרֹאשָׁ֥ם נָתָֽתִּי׃ | So for my part, my eye will not have pity, and I will not show compassion. I will put their way on their head.” | for my part ← also I. |
| Ezek 9:11 | וְהִנֵּ֞ה הָאִ֣ישׁ ׀ לְבֻ֣שׁ הַבַּדִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַקֶּ֙סֶת֙ בְּמָתְנָ֔יו מֵשִׁ֥יב דָּבָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר עָשִׂ֕יתִי *כאשר **כְּכֹ֖ל **אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתָֽנִי׃ ס | And then the man dressed in fine linen, who had the inkhorn at his waist, reported back and said, “I have done {K: what} [Q: everything that] you commanded.” | then ← behold. |
| Ezek 10:1 | וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֶל־הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּאֶ֣בֶן סַפִּ֔יר כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א נִרְאָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I looked, and what I saw on the expanse which was over the heads of the cherubim was a kind of sapphire gemstone, with the appearance of a figure of a throne, appearing above them. |
what I saw ... was ← behold.
heads ← head. figure: or likeness. |
| Ezek 10:2 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָאִ֣ישׁ ׀ לְבֻ֣שׁ הַבַּדִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בֹּא֩ אֶל־בֵּינ֨וֹת לַגַּלְגַּ֜ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת לַכְּר֗וּב וּמַלֵּ֨א חָפְנֶ֤יךָ גַֽחֲלֵי־אֵשׁ֙ מִבֵּינ֣וֹת לַכְּרֻבִ֔ים וּזְרֹ֖ק עַל־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּבֹ֖א לְעֵינָֽי׃ | And he spoke to the man dressed in fine linen, and he said, “Come between the wheels, under the cherub, and fill your fist with fiery burning coals from between the cherubim, and scatter them over the city.” And he came in my sight. |
wheels: the “roller” of Ezek 10:13.
fiery burning coals ← burning coals of fire, a Hebraic genitive. in my sight ← to my eyes. |
| Ezek 10:3 | וְהַכְּרֻבִ֗ים עֹֽמְדִ֛ים מִימִ֥ין לַבַּ֖יִת בְּבֹא֣וֹ הָאִ֑ישׁ וְהֶעָנָ֣ן מָלֵ֔א אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֖ר הַפְּנִימִֽית׃ | Now the cherubim were standing on the right hand side of the house as the man went in, and the cloud filled the inner court. | |
| Ezek 10:4 | וַיָּ֤רָם כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַכְּר֔וּב עַ֖ל מִפְתַּ֣ן הַבָּ֑יִת וַיִּמָּלֵ֤א הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָנָ֔ן וְהֶֽחָצֵר֙ מָֽלְאָ֔ה אֶת־נֹ֖גַהּ כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה׃ | And the glory of the Lord was lifted up from the cherub, and it was placed on the threshold of the house, and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was filled with the glow of the glory of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 10:5 | וְקוֹל֙ כַּנְפֵ֣י הַכְּרוּבִ֔ים נִשְׁמַ֕ע עַד־הֶחָצֵ֖ר הַחִיצֹנָ֑ה כְּק֥וֹל אֵל־שַׁדַּ֖י בְּדַבְּרֽוֹ׃ | And the sound of the cherubim's wings was heard as far as the outer court, like the sound of God Almighty when he speaks. | |
| Ezek 10:6 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּצַוֺּתוֹ֙ אֶת־הָאִ֤ישׁ לְבֻֽשׁ־הַבַּדִּים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר קַ֥ח אֵשׁ֙ מִבֵּינ֣וֹת לַגַּלְגַּ֔ל מִבֵּינ֖וֹת לַכְּרוּבִ֑ים וַיָּבֹא֙ וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֔ד אֵ֖צֶל הָאוֹפָֽן׃ | Then it came to pass, when he had commanded the man who was dressed in fine linen, saying, “Take fire from between the wheels, from between the cherubim”, that he went and stood beside the wheel. | wheels: the “roller” of Ezek 10:13. |
| Ezek 10:7 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ הַכְּר֨וּב אֶת־יָד֜וֹ מִבֵּינ֣וֹת לַכְּרוּבִ֗ים אֶל־הָאֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בֵּינ֣וֹת הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים וַיִּשָּׂא֙ וַיִּתֵּ֔ן אֶל־חָפְנֵ֖י לְבֻ֣שׁ הַבַּדִּ֑ים וַיִּקַּ֖ח וַיֵּצֵֽא׃ | Then the cherub stretched out his hand between the cherubim into the fire which was between the cherubim and lifted some up and put it in the fists of the one dressed in fine linen, which he took and went out. | fists: distinct in Hebrew from hand or palm. Understand put it in the hands whereupon the fists were clenched, to give fistfuls. |
| Ezek 10:8 | וַיֵּרָ֖א לַכְּרֻבִ֑ים תַּבְנִית֙ יַד־אָדָ֔ם תַּ֖חַת כַּנְפֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the shape of a man's hand appeared to the cherubim under their wings. | |
| Ezek 10:9 | וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה אוֹפַנִּים֮ אֵ֣צֶל הַכְּרוּבִים֒ אוֹפַ֣ן אֶחָ֗ד אֵ֚צֶל הַכְּר֣וּב אֶחָ֔ד וְאוֹפַ֣ן אֶחָ֔ד אֵ֖צֶל הַכְּר֣וּב אֶחָ֑ד וּמַרְאֵה֙ הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים כְּעֵ֖ין אֶ֥בֶן תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃ | And I looked, and what I saw was four wheels alongside the cherubim. One wheel was alongside one cherub, and one wheel was alongside another cherub, and the appearance of the wheels was like the gleam of a Tarshish gemstone. |
what I saw was ← behold.
another ← one. |
| Ezek 10:10 | וּמַ֨רְאֵיהֶ֔ם דְּמ֥וּת אֶחָ֖ד לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִהְיֶ֥ה הָאוֹפַ֖ן בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאוֹפָֽן׃ | And as for their appearances, the four of them had one profile, as a wheel within a wheel. | as a wheel ← as is a wheel. |
| Ezek 10:11 | בְּלֶכְתָּ֗ם אֶל־אַרְבַּ֤עַת רִבְעֵיהֶם֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּ֑ם כִּ֣י הַמָּק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֤ה הָרֹאשׁ֙ אַחֲרָ֣יו יֵלֵ֔כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּֽם׃ | When they moved, they went in the direction of their four sides. They did not turn as they moved, but whatever the direction was in which their head was pointing, they followed it. They did not turn when they moved. |
in the direction of ← towards.
direction ← place. pointing ← turned. |
| Ezek 10:12 | וְכָל־בְּשָׂרָם֙ וְגַבֵּהֶ֔ם וִֽידֵיהֶ֖ם וְכַנְפֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָאֽוֹפַנִּ֗ים מְלֵאִ֤ים עֵינַ֙יִם֙ סָבִ֔יב לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֖ם אוֹפַנֵּיהֶֽם׃ | And their whole body and their backs and their hands and their wings and the wheels were full of eyes all around, the four of them having their wheels. | body ← flesh. |
| Ezek 10:13 | לָא֖וֹפַנִּ֑ים לָהֶ֛ם קוֹרָ֥א הַגַּלְגַּ֖ל בְּאָזְנָֽי׃ | Their wheels were called, as I heard it, the roller. | their wheels were called, as I heard it, the roller ← to their wheels was called the roller in my ears, where the word for roller also means wheel. See Ezek 10:2, Ezek 10:6. |
| Ezek 10:14 | וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פָנִ֖ים לְאֶחָ֑ד פְּנֵ֨י הָאֶחָ֜ד פְּנֵ֣י הַכְּר֗וּב וּפְנֵ֤י הַשֵּׁנִי֙ פְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ פְּנֵ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וְהָרְבִיעִ֖י פְּנֵי־נָֽשֶׁר׃ | And each one had four faces. One face was the face of a cherub, and the second face was the face of a man, and the third was the face of a lion, and the fourth was the face of an eagle. | |
| Ezek 10:15 | וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּ הַכְּרוּבִ֑ים הִ֣יא הַחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי בִּֽנְהַר־כְּבָֽר׃ | Then the cherubim were lifted up. That was the being which I saw at the River Chebar. | |
| Ezek 10:16 | וּבְלֶ֙כֶת֙ הַכְּרוּבִ֔ים יֵלְכ֥וּ הָאוֹפַנִּ֖ים אֶצְלָ֑ם וּבִשְׂאֵ֨ת הַכְּרוּבִ֜ים אֶת־כַּנְפֵיהֶ֗ם לָרוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹא־יִסַּ֧בּוּ הָאוֹפַנִּ֛ים גַּם־הֵ֖ם מֵאֶצְלָֽם׃ | And as the cherubim moved, the wheels moved alongside them. And when the cherubim lifted their wings to raise themselves above the ground, the wheels did not turn, even though they were alongside them. |
ground ← earth.
even though ← also, but with wider scope. alongside ← from alongside. |
| Ezek 10:17 | בְּעָמְדָ֣ם יַעֲמֹ֔דוּ וּבְרוֹמָ֖ם יֵר֣וֹמּוּ אוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ הַחַיָּ֖ה בָּהֶֽם׃ | When they stopped, these stopped, and when they were lifted, these were lifted with them, for the spirit of the being was in them. | |
| Ezek 10:18 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל מִפְתַּ֣ן הַבָּ֑יִת וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִֽים׃ | And the glory of the Lord departed from the threshold of the house and remained over the cherubim. | remained: or stood. |
| Ezek 10:19 | וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ הַכְּרוּבִ֣ים אֶת־כַּ֠נְפֵיהֶם וַיֵּר֨וֹמּוּ מִן־הָאָ֤רֶץ לְעֵינַי֙ בְּצֵאתָ֔ם וְהָאֽוֹפַנִּ֖ים לְעֻמָּתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד פֶּ֣תַח שַׁ֤עַר בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֔י וּכְב֧וֹד אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | Then the cherubim raised their wings and lifted themselves up from the earth in my sight as they departed, and the wheels were in concert with them, and each stood at the entrance of the Eastern Gate of the house of the Lord, and the glory of the God of Israel was over them coming from above. | |
| Ezek 10:20 | הִ֣יא הַחַיָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֛יתִי תַּ֥חַת אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּֽנְהַר־כְּבָ֑ר וָאֵדַ֕ע כִּ֥י כְרוּבִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃ | This was the being which I saw under the God of Israel at the River Chebar, and I knew that they were the cherubim. | |
| Ezek 10:21 | אַרְבָּעָ֨ה אַרְבָּעָ֤ה פָנִים֙ לְאֶחָ֔ד וְאַרְבַּ֥ע כְּנָפַ֖יִם לְאֶחָ֑ד וּדְמוּת֙ יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם תַּ֖חַת כַּנְפֵיהֶֽם׃ | Each one had four faces, and each one had four wings, and there was a likeness of the hands of a man under their wings. | |
| Ezek 10:22 | וּדְמ֣וּת פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם הֵ֣מָּה הַפָּנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאִ֙יתִי֙ עַל־נְהַר־כְּבָ֔ר מַרְאֵיהֶ֖ם וְאוֹתָ֑ם אִ֛ישׁ אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנָ֖יו יֵלֵֽכוּ׃ | And as for the form of their faces, they were the faces which I saw at the River Chebar, in appearance and identity. Each one moved straight forward. |
identity ← them.
straight forward ← over against his face. |
| Ezek 11:1 | וַתִּשָּׂ֨א אֹתִ֜י ר֗וּחַ וַתָּבֵ֣א אֹ֠תִי אֶל־שַׁ֨עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֤ה הַקַּדְמוֹנִי֙ הַפּוֹנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ימָה וְהִנֵּה֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח הַשַּׁ֔עַר עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ וָאֶרְאֶ֨ה בְתוֹכָ֜ם אֶת־יַאֲזַנְיָ֧ה בֶן־עַזֻּ֛ר וְאֶת־פְּלַטְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־בְּנָיָ֖הוּ שָׂרֵ֖י הָעָֽם׃ פ | Then the spirit lifted me up and brought me to the Eastern Gate of the house of the Lord, which faces eastwards, and what I saw at the entrance of the gate was twenty-five men, and among them I saw Jaazaniah the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, public officials. |
what I saw ... was ← behold.
Azzur: see Jer 28:1. public ← of the people. |
| Ezek 11:2 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֵ֣לֶּה הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הַחֹשְׁבִ֥ים אָ֛וֶן וְהַיֹּעֲצִ֥ים עֲצַת־רָ֖ע בָּעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, these are the men who are devising subterfuge, and who are planning evil schemes in this city, | planning evil schemes ← advising advice of evil. |
| Ezek 11:3 | הָאֹ֣מְרִ֔ים לֹ֥א בְקָר֖וֹב בְּנ֣וֹת בָּתִּ֑ים הִ֣יא הַסִּ֔יר וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ הַבָּשָֽׂר׃ | who say, ‘Do not build houses in the near future. It is the pot, and we are the meat.’ |
do not build houses in the near future: AV differs (it is not near; let us build houses), which strains the infinitive construct.
it: i.e. Jerusalem. The current inhabitants are ↴ |
| Ezek 11:4 | לָכֵ֖ן הִנָּבֵ֣א עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם הִנָּבֵ֖א בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ | So prophesy against them; prophesy, son of Adam.” | ↳ bad (Ezek 11:15) and do not want newcomers from exile. |
| Ezek 11:5 | וַתִּפֹּ֣ל עָלַי֮ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָה֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י אֱמֹר֙ כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה כֵּ֥ן אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַעֲל֥וֹת רֽוּחֲכֶ֖ם אֲנִ֥י יְדַעְתִּֽיהָ׃ | Then the spirit of the Lord fell on me, and he said to me, “Say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «You have spoken in this way, O house of Israel, and I know what arises in your mind. |
this is what ← thus.
in this way ← thus. what arises in your mind ← the arisings of your mind, I know it. |
| Ezek 11:6 | הִרְבֵּיתֶ֥ם חַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם בָּעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וּמִלֵּאתֶ֥ם חוּצֹתֶ֖יהָ חָלָֽל׃ פ | You are responsible for many casualties in this city, and you have filled the outlying areas with casualties. |
you are responsible for many casualties ← you have made many your casualties.
casualties ... casualties: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ezek 11:7 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ חַלְלֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שַׂמְתֶּ֣ם בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ הֵ֥מָּה הַבָּשָׂ֖ר וְהִ֣יא הַסִּ֑יר וְאֶתְכֶ֖ם הוֹצִ֥יא מִתּוֹכָֽהּ׃ | That is why this is what my Lord the Lord says: ‹It is your casualties, whom you have put in the middle of it, who are the meat, and this is the pot, but I will take you out of it. |
this is what ← thus.
your casualties: a subjective genitive (you make casualties). out of it ← from its midst. |
| Ezek 11:8 | חֶ֖רֶב יְרֵאתֶ֑ם וְחֶ֙רֶב֙ אָבִ֣יא עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | You fear the sword, and it is the sword that I will bring on you, says the Lord, the Lord. | |
| Ezek 11:9 | וְהוֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ מִתּוֹכָ֔הּ וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־זָרִ֑ים וְעָשִׂ֛יתִי בָכֶ֖ם שְׁפָטִֽים׃ | And I will take you out of it and deliver you into the hand of foreigners, and I will execute judgments among you. | out of it ← from its midst. |
| Ezek 11:10 | בַּחֶ֣רֶב תִּפֹּ֔לוּ עַל־גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶשְׁפּ֣וֹט אֶתְכֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | You will fall by the sword; I will judge you at the border of Israel, and you will know that I am the Lord. | |
| Ezek 11:11 | הִ֗יא לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְסִ֔יר וְאַתֶּ֛ם תִּהְי֥וּ בְתוֹכָ֖הּ לְבָשָׂ֑ר אֶל־גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | It will not be a pot to you, although you are meat in it. I will judge you at the border of Israel. | although you are: concessive use of the vav. AV differs (nor will you be), negating this verb as well as the former, which is possible, though the two clauses have ↴ |
| Ezek 11:12 | וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּחֻקַּי֙ לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י לֹ֣א עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם וּֽכְמִשְׁפְּטֵ֧י הַגּוֹיִ֛ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | And you will know that I am the Lord in whose statutes you have not walked, whose judgments you have not administered, but you have acted according to the judgments of the nations which are around you.› » ’ ” | ↳ a separate feel to them. In any case the inhabitants of Jerusalem will sooner or later be taken out of it, Ezek 11:9. |
| Ezek 11:13 | וַֽיְהִי֙ כְּהִנָּ֣בְאִ֔י וּפְלַטְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־בְּנָיָ֖ה מֵ֑ת וָאֶפֹּ֨ל עַל־פָּנַ֜י וָאֶזְעַ֣ק קוֹל־גָּד֗וֹל וָאֹמַר֙ אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כָּלָה֙ אַתָּ֣ה עֹשֶׂ֔ה אֵ֖ת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And it came to pass, as I prophesied, that Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. And I fell face down, and I cried out in a loud voice, and I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, you are making an end of the remnant of Israel.” | face down ← on my face. |
| Ezek 11:14 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 11:15 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם אַחֶ֤יךָ אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י גְאֻלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כֻּלֹּ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אָמְר֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם רַֽחֲקוּ֙ מֵעַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה לָ֥נוּ הִ֛יא נִתְּנָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ לְמוֹרָשָֽׁה׃ ס | “Son of Adam, there are your brothers, your brothers, men who are of your wider family, and the whole house of Israel in its entirety, to whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said, ‘Distance yourselves from the Lord; this land has been given to us as a possession.’ |
wider family: the word usually means redemption, so by extension those with a right of redemption through close relationship.
The verse is an insult by inhabitants of Jerusalem to Ezekiel's wider family in exile. |
| Ezek 11:16 | לָכֵ֣ן אֱמֹ֗ר כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ כִּ֤י הִרְחַקְתִּים֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְכִ֥י הֲפִֽיצוֹתִ֖ים בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וָאֱהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ לְמִקְדָּ֣שׁ מְעַ֔ט בָּאֲרָצ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ שָֽׁם׃ ס | So say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Although I have removed them to the Gentiles, and although I have scattered them among the various countries, I have nevertheless been a sanctuary to a certain extent in the countries to which they have gone.» ’ |
this is what ← thus.
to a certain extent ← a little; perhaps temporal, for a little while. |
| Ezek 11:17 | לָכֵ֣ן אֱמֹ֗ר כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ וְקִבַּצְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִן־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְפֹצוֹתֶ֖ם בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I will both gather you from the various peoples and collect you from the various countries in which you have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 11:18 | וּבָ֖אוּ־שָׁ֑מָּה וְהֵסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁקּוּצֶ֛יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | And they will come there, and they will remove all its obscenities and all its abominations from it. | |
| Ezek 11:19 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָהֶם֙ לֵ֣ב אֶחָ֔ד וְר֥וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֖ה אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וַהֲסִ֨רֹתִ֜י לֵ֤ב הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ מִבְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם לֵ֥ב בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit in your inner parts, and I will remove the heart of stone from their flesh, and I will give them a heart of flesh, |
them ... your: a change from third to second grammatical person. Compare Lev 1:3, Num 15:9, Isa 33:1 etc.
one heart: i.e. the same mindset. |
| Ezek 11:20 | לְמַ֙עַן֙ בְּחֻקֹּתַ֣י יֵלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י יִשְׁמְר֖וּ וְעָשׂ֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | in order for them to walk in my statutes, and to keep my judicial ways, and to carry them out. And they will be my people, and I will be their God. | |
| Ezek 11:21 | וְאֶל־לֵ֧ב שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֛ם וְתוֹעֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם לִבָּ֣ם הֹלֵ֑ךְ דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | But to those whose heart is set on their obscenities, and whose heart walks after their abominations, I will place their way on their head, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 11:22 | וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ הַכְּרוּבִים֙ אֶת־כַּנְפֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָאֽוֹפַנִּ֖ים לְעֻמָּתָ֑ם וּכְב֧וֹד אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | Then the cherubim lifted up their wings, with the wheels in concert with them, and the glory of the God of Israel was over them coming from above. | |
| Ezek 11:23 | וַיַּ֙עַל֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל תּ֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִקֶּ֥דֶם לָעִֽיר׃ | And the glory of the Lord went up from the middle of the city, and it stood over the mountain which is to the east of the city. | from ← from over. |
| Ezek 11:24 | וְר֣וּחַ נְשָׂאַ֗תְנִי וַתְּבִיאֵ֤נִי כַשְׂדִּ֙ימָה֙ אֶל־הַגּוֹלָ֔ה בַּמַּרְאֶ֖ה בְּר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֙עַל֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִֽיתִי׃ | Then the spirit lifted me up and brought me to Chaldea, to the deportees, in a vision by the spirit of God, then the vision which I had seen went up away from me. | deportees ← deportation. |
| Ezek 11:25 | וָאֲדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־הַגּוֹלָ֑ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶרְאָֽנִי׃ פ | And I described to the deportees all the things of the Lord which he had shown me. | deportees ← deportation. |
| Ezek 12:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 12:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם בְּת֥וֹךְ בֵּית־הַמֶּ֖רִי אַתָּ֣ה יֹשֵׁ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֵינַיִם֩ לָהֶ֨ם לִרְא֜וֹת וְלֹ֣א רָא֗וּ אָזְנַ֨יִם לָהֶ֤ם לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵֽם׃ | “Son of Adam, you are living among a rebellious house – those who have eyes to see but do not see, and who have ears to hear but do not hear, for they are a rebellious house. |
Rom 11:8.
a rebellious house (2x) ← a house of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 12:3 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ כְּלֵ֣י גוֹלָ֔ה וּגְלֵ֥ה יוֹמָ֖ם לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְגָלִ֨יתָ מִמְּקוֹמְךָ֜ אֶל־מָק֤וֹם אַחֵר֙ לְעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם אוּלַ֣י יִרְא֔וּ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ | But you, son of Adam, make yourself articles for your deportation, and deport yourself by day in their sight, and deport yourself from your place to another place in their sight. Perhaps they will see, although they are a rebellious house. |
articles for your deportation: compare Jer 49:16.
deport yourself (2x) ← be deported. see, although: or see that. a rebellious house: see Ezek 12:2. |
| Ezek 12:4 | וְהוֹצֵאתָ֨ כֵלֶ֜יךָ כִּכְלֵ֥י גוֹלָ֛ה יוֹמָ֖ם לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְאַתָּ֗ה תֵּצֵ֤א בָעֶ֙רֶב֙ לְעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם כְּמוֹצָאֵ֖י גּוֹלָֽה׃ | And you will bring out your articles – articles for your deportation – by day in their sight, then you will come out in the evening in their sight, like people being deported. | being deported ← goings out of deportation. |
| Ezek 12:5 | לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם חֲתָר־לְךָ֣ בַקִּ֑יר וְהוֹצֵאתָ֖ בּֽוֹ׃ | In their sight, hack your way through the wall and bring your articles out through it. | hack your way ← hack for yourself. |
| Ezek 12:6 | לְעֵ֨ינֵיהֶ֜ם עַל־כָּתֵ֤ף תִּשָּׂא֙ בָּעֲלָטָ֣ה תוֹצִ֔יא פָּנֶ֣יךָ תְכַסֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תִרְאֶ֖ה אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־מוֹפֵ֥ת נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Carry them on your shoulder in their sight. Bring them out after sunset. Cover your face, and do not look at the land, for I have made you a sign to the house of Israel.” |
after sunset ← thick darkness [AnLx], [BDB], but also attending sunset [BDB].
land: or ground. sign ← wonder. |
| Ezek 12:7 | וָאַ֣עַשׂ כֵּן֮ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צֻוֵּיתִי֒ כֵּ֠לַי הוֹצֵ֜אתִי כִּכְלֵ֤י גוֹלָה֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וּבָעֶ֛רֶב חָתַֽרְתִּי־לִ֥י בַקִּ֖יר בְּיָ֑ד בָּעֲלָטָ֥ה הוֹצֵ֛אתִי עַל־כָּתֵ֥ף נָשָׂ֖אתִי לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | So I did so, as I had been commanded. I brought out my articles – namely articles for my deportation – by day, and in the evening I hacked my way through the wall by hand and after sunset I brought them out on my shoulder, and I carried them in their sight. |
namely ← as.
hacked my way ← hacked for myself. after sunset: see Ezek 12:6. |
| Ezek 12:8 | וַיְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י בַּבֹּ֥קֶר לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me in the morning and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 12:9 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הֲלֹ֨א אָמְר֥וּ אֵלֶ֛יךָ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑רִי מָ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | “Son of Adam, did the house of Israel, the rebellious house, say to you, ‘What are you doing?’? | the rebellious house ← the house of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 12:10 | אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֑ה הַנָּשִׂ֞יא הַמַּשָּׂ֤א הַזֶּה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥מָּה בְתוֹכָֽם׃ | Say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «This oracle is about the prince in Jerusalem and the whole house of Israel among whom they are.» ’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 12:11 | אֱמֹ֖ר אֲנִ֣י מֽוֹפֶתְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֗יתִי כֵּ֚ן יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם בַּגּוֹלָ֥ה בַשְּׁבִ֖י יֵלֵֽכוּ׃ | Say, ‘I am your sign. As I have done, so shall it be done to them in deportation. They will go into captivity. | sign ← wonder. |
| Ezek 12:12 | וְהַנָּשִׂ֨יא אֲשֶׁר־בְּתוֹכָ֜ם אֶל־כָּתֵ֤ף יִשָּׂא֙ בָּעֲלָטָ֣ה וְיֵצֵ֔א בַּקִּ֥יר יַחְתְּר֖וּ לְה֣וֹצִיא ב֑וֹ פָּנָ֣יו יְכַסֶּ֔ה יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יִרְאֶ֥ה לַעַ֛יִן ה֖וּא אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the prince who is among them will carry his articles on his shoulder, after sunset, and he will go out. They will hack through the wall to bring their articles out through it. He will hide his face, because he will not see what is before his eyes – the land.’ |
after sunset: see Ezek 12:6.
land: or ground. |
| Ezek 12:13 | וּפָרַשְׂתִּ֤י אֶת־רִשְׁתִּי֙ עָלָ֔יו וְנִתְפַּ֖שׂ בִּמְצֽוּדָתִ֑י וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י אֹת֤וֹ בָבֶ֙לָה֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וְאוֹתָ֥הּ לֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֖ה וְשָׁ֥ם יָמֽוּת׃ | And I will spread my net over him, and he will be caught in my netting, and I will bring him to Babylon – the land of the Chaldeans – but he will not see it, and he will die there. | |
| Ezek 12:14 | וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר סְבִיבֹתָ֥יו *עזרה **עֶזְר֛וֹ וְכָל־אֲגַפָּ֖יו אֱזָרֶ֣ה לְכָל־ר֑וּחַ וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I will scatter all who are around him – {K: his} [Q: his] support and all his governmental departments – to every wind, and I will draw out the sword after them. | |
| Ezek 12:15 | וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בַּהֲפִיצִ֤י אוֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְזֵרִיתִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | And they will know that I am the Lord when I disperse them among the Gentiles, when I scatter them in the various countries. | |
| Ezek 12:16 | וְהוֹתַרְתִּ֤י מֵהֶם֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר מֵחֶ֖רֶב מֵרָעָ֣ב וּמִדָּ֑בֶר לְמַ֨עַן יְסַפְּר֜וּ אֶת־כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם בַּגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | But I will leave over a small number of their men, remaining from the sword and from famine and from disease, in order that they may describe all their abominations among the Gentiles where they go, and they will know that I am the Lord.” |
of their men ← from them, men.
describe ← relate. |
| Ezek 12:17 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 12:18 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם לַחְמְךָ֖ בְּרַ֣עַשׁ תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּמֵימֶ֕יךָ בְּרָגְזָ֥ה וּבִדְאָגָ֖ה תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, you will eat your bread with trembling, and you will drink your water with trepidation and with anxiety. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. But perhaps used less widely in a famine. |
| Ezek 12:19 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֡רֶץ כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַחְמָם֙ בִּדְאָגָ֣ה יֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּמֵֽימֵיהֶ֖ם בְּשִׁמָּמ֣וֹן יִשְׁתּ֑וּ לְמַ֜עַן תֵּשַׁ֤ם אַרְצָהּ֙ מִמְּלֹאָ֔הּ מֵחֲמַ֖ס כָּֽל־הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ | And you shall say to the people of the land, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and concerning the land of Israel: «They will eat their bread with anxiety, and they will drink their water with bewilderment, because its land will be stripped of its fulness, owing to the violence of all the inhabitants in it. |
this is what ← thus.
be stripped ← be made desolate. |
| Ezek 12:20 | וְהֶעָרִ֤ים הַנּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת֙ תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | For the inhabited cities will become waste, and the land will become a desolation, and you will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 12:21 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 12:22 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם מָֽה־הַמָּשָׁ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ לָכֶ֔ם עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר יַֽאַרְכוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וְאָבַ֖ד כָּל־חָזֽוֹן׃ | “Son of Adam, what does this saying of yours concerning the land of Israel mean, which says, ‘The days are taking their time and every vision has failed’? |
yours: plural.
land ← ground. taking their time ← growing long. |
| Ezek 12:23 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִשְׁבַּ֙תִּי֙ אֶת־הַמָּשָׁ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִמְשְׁל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ ע֖וֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֚י אִם־דַּבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קָֽרְבוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וּדְבַ֖ר כָּל־חָזֽוֹן׃ | Well say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I will put a stop to this saying, and they will not quote it any more in Israel» ’, but say rather to them, ‘The days are approaching with the reality of every vision.’ |
well ← therefore.
this is what ← thus. with the reality ← and the word / matter. |
| Ezek 12:24 | כִּ֠י לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶ֥ה ע֛וֹד כָּל־חֲז֥וֹן שָׁ֖וְא וּמִקְסַ֣ם חָלָ֑ק בְּת֖וֹךְ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For there will no longer be any false vision or flattering divination within the house of Israel. | any ← every. |
| Ezek 12:25 | כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲדַבֵּר֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲדַבֵּ֤ר דָּבָר֙ וְיֵ֣עָשֶׂ֔ה לֹ֥א תִמָּשֵׁ֖ךְ ע֑וֹד כִּ֣י בִֽימֵיכֶ֞ם בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֗רִי אֲדַבֵּ֤ר דָּבָר֙ וַעֲשִׂיתִ֔יו נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | For I am the Lord. I will speak the word which I will speak, and it will be carried out. It will not be delayed any longer, for in your days, you rebellious house, I will speak the word, and I will carry it out, says the Lord, the Lord.” |
the word which I will speak: unusual Hebrew word order (tmesis), more like Latin and Greek, but repeated in Ezek 12:28. AV differs slightly.
delayed ← drawn out. rebellious house: see Ezek 2:5. |
| Ezek 12:26 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 12:27 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם הִנֵּ֤ה בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֹֽמְרִ֔ים הֶחָז֛וֹן אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא חֹזֶ֖ה לְיָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וּלְעִתִּ֥ים רְחוֹק֖וֹת ה֥וּא נִבָּֽא׃ | “Son of Adam, be aware that the house of Israel are saying, ‘The vision which he was seeing is for many days in the future, and he is prophesying for remote times.’ | be aware that ← behold. |
| Ezek 12:28 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה לֹא־תִמָּשֵׁ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד כָּל־דְּבָרָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲדַבֵּ֤ר דָּבָר֙ וְיֵ֣עָשֶׂ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | So say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «None of my words will be delayed any longer. The word which I speak will be carried out, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
delayed: see Ezek 12:25. |
| Ezek 13:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 13:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֛א אֶל־נְבִיאֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַנִּבָּאִ֑ים וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לִנְבִיאֵ֣י מִלִּבָּ֔ם שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, prophesy to the prophets of Israel who prophesy, and say to those who prophesy from their own heart, ‘Hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 13:3 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה ה֖וֹי עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הַנְּבָלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹלְכִ֛ים אַחַ֥ר רוּחָ֖ם וּלְבִלְתִּ֥י רָאֽוּ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Woe to impious prophets, who walk after their own spirit and according to things which they have not seen. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 13:4 | כְּשֻׁעָלִ֖ים בָּחֳרָב֑וֹת נְבִיאֶ֥יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הָיֽוּ׃ | It is like foxes in wastelands that your prophets are, O Israel. | |
| Ezek 13:5 | לֹ֤א עֲלִיתֶם֙ בַּפְּרָצ֔וֹת וַתִּגְדְּר֥וּ גָדֵ֖ר עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לַעֲמֹ֥ד בַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בְּי֥וֹם יְהוָֽה׃ | You have not gone up to the breaches, nor have you made a fence around the house of Israel so as to stand in battle on the day of the Lord. |
Rev 1:10.
nor: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6. |
| Ezek 13:6 | חָ֤זוּ שָׁוְא֙ וְקֶ֣סֶם כָּזָ֔ב הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שְׁלָחָ֑ם וְיִֽחֲל֖וּ לְקַיֵּ֥ם דָּבָֽר׃ | They have seen visions of what is false, and of deceitful divination, those who say, ‹The Lord says›, when the Lord did not send them, but men expect a matter to be fulfilled. |
expect: AV differs (made ... to hope), which is also possible.
a matter to be fulfilled ← to make a matter stand. |
| Ezek 13:7 | הֲל֤וֹא מַֽחֲזֵה־שָׁוְא֙ חֲזִיתֶ֔ם וּמִקְסַ֥ם כָּזָ֖ב אֲמַרְתֶּ֑ם וְאֹֽמְרִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י לֹ֥א דִבַּֽרְתִּי׃ ס | Have you not seen a false vision and spoken deceitful divination and been saying, ‹The Lord says›, when I have not spoken?» | you: plural; still referring to the false prophets. |
| Ezek 13:8 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן דַּבֶּרְכֶ֣ם שָׁ֔וְא וַחֲזִיתֶ֖ם כָּזָ֑ב לָכֵן֙ הִנְנִ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Since you have spoken falsely and have seen visions deceitfully, I for my part am against you, says the Lord, the Lord. |
this is what ← thus.
seen: i.e., here, proclaimed. deceitfully ← a lie. Adverbial use of the noun. I for my part am ← behold me. |
| Ezek 13:9 | וְהָיְתָ֣ה יָדִ֗י אֶֽל־הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים הַחֹזִ֣ים שָׁוְא֮ וְהַקֹּסְמִ֣ים כָּזָב֒ בְּס֧וֹד עַמִּ֣י לֹֽא־יִהְי֗וּ וּבִכְתָ֤ב בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹ֣א יִכָּתֵ֔בוּ וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֣א יָבֹ֑אוּ וִידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And my hand will be against the prophets who see false visions, and those who divine deceitfully. They will not be in the secret council of my people, and they will not be written in the record of the house of Israel, and they will not enter the territory of Israel, and you will know that I am the Lord, the Lord, |
deceitfully: see Ezek 13:8.
record ← writing. territory ← ground. |
| Ezek 13:10 | יַ֣עַן וּבְיַ֜עַן הִטְע֧וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֛י לֵאמֹ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם וְאֵ֣ין שָׁל֑וֹם וְהוּא֙ בֹּ֣נֶה חַ֔יִץ וְהִנָּ֛ם טָחִ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ תָּפֵֽל׃ | for the very reason that they have caused my people to stray, by saying, ‹Peace›, when there is no peace, and when someone builds a partition-strength wall, you see them plastering it with lime. |
by saying: gerundial use of the infinitive.
you see them ← behold them. lime: so, as we say metaphorically, a whitewash. |
| Ezek 13:11 | אֱמֹ֛ר אֶל־טָחֵ֥י תָפֵ֖ל וְיִפֹּ֑ל הָיָ֣ה ׀ גֶּ֣שֶׁם שׁוֹטֵ֗ף וְאַתֵּ֜נָה אַבְנֵ֤י אֶלְגָּבִישׁ֙ תִּפֹּ֔לְנָה וְר֥וּחַ סְעָר֖וֹת תְּבַקֵּֽעַ׃ | Say to those who plaster it with lime that it will fall. There will be overwhelming rain, and gigantic hailstones will fall, and a stormy wind will tear it apart. |
gigantic hailstones ← you gigantic hailstones, with no hé to indicate a vocative. Re-pointing, וְאֶתְּנָה, one could translate I will appoint gigantic hailstones (which) will fall, as read by LXX.
stormy wind ← wind of storms, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 13:12 | וְהִנֵּ֖ה נָפַ֣ל הַקִּ֑יר הֲלוֹא֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אַיֵּ֥ה הַטִּ֖יחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר טַחְתֶּֽם׃ ס | And look, when the wall has fallen, will it not be said to you, ‹Where is the plaster with which you plastered it?› » | |
| Ezek 13:13 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וּבִקַּעְתִּ֥י רֽוּחַ־סְעָר֖וֹת בַּֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְגֶ֤שֶׁם שֹׁטֵף֙ בְּאַפִּ֣י יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְאַבְנֵ֥י אֶלְגָּבִ֖ישׁ בְּחֵמָ֥ה לְכָלָֽה׃ | Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «So I will tear it apart with a stormy wind in my fury, and there will be overwhelming rain in my anger, and gigantic hailstones in fury for its destruction. |
this is what ← thus.
stormy wind: see Ezek 13:11. |
| Ezek 13:14 | וְהָ֨רַסְתִּ֜י אֶת־הַקִּ֨יר אֲשֶׁר־טַחְתֶּ֥ם תָּפֵ֛ל וְהִגַּעְתִּ֥יהוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְנִגְלָ֣ה יְסֹד֑וֹ וְנָֽפְלָה֙ וּכְלִיתֶ֣ם בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will demolish the wall which you have plastered with lime, and I will raze it to the ground, and its foundation will be exposed, and the city will fall, and you will come to an end inside it, and you will know that I am the Lord. | the city ← it, but feminine, not referring to the wall, nor, as in AV, the foundation, which are masculine. Jerusalem in Ezek 13:16. So AV differs. |
| Ezek 13:15 | וְכִלֵּיתִ֤י אֶת־חֲמָתִי֙ בַּקִּ֔יר וּבַטָּחִ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ תָּפֵ֑ל וְאֹמַ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֵ֣ין הַקִּ֔יר וְאֵ֖ין הַטָּחִ֥ים אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And I will expend my fury on the wall, and on those who have plastered it with lime, and I will say to you, ‹The wall no longer exists, nor do those who plastered it – | |
| Ezek 13:16 | נְבִיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַֽנִבְּאִים֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהַחֹזִ֥ים לָ֖הּ חֲז֣וֹן שָׁלֹ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין שָׁלֹ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ פ | the prophets of Israel who prophesied to Jerusalem, and those who had a vision of peace for it, but there is no peace, says the Lord, the Lord.› » ’ | |
| Ezek 13:17 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־בְּנ֣וֹת עַמְּךָ֔ הַמִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וֹת מִֽלִּבְּהֶ֑ן וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עֲלֵיהֶֽן׃ | And you, son of Adam, take a firm stand with the daughters of your people who are prophesying from their own hearts, and prophesy against them, |
take a firm stand with ← set your face towards.
hearts ← heart. One heart per daughter. |
| Ezek 13:18 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הוֹי֩ לִֽמְתַפְּר֨וֹת כְּסָת֜וֹת עַ֣ל ׀ כָּל־אַצִּילֵ֣י יָדַ֗י וְעֹשׂ֧וֹת הַמִּסְפָּח֛וֹת עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־קוֹמָ֖ה לְצוֹדֵ֣ד נְפָשׁ֑וֹת הַנְּפָשׁוֹת֙ תְּצוֹדֵ֣דְנָה לְעַמִּ֔י וּנְפָשׁ֖וֹת לָכֶ֥נָה תְחַיֶּֽינָה׃ | and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Woe to those who sew coverings on all the joints of my hands, and who make screens over the heads of every tall figure so as to ensnare people. Will you ensnare the people of my nation, and preserve yourselves alive? |
this is what ← thus.
hands: or (lower) arms. people (2x) ← souls. yourselves ← your souls. AV differs (souls ... that come unto you). See [CB] for an explanation of this verse. |
| Ezek 13:19 | וַתְּחַלֶּלְ֨נָה אֹתִ֜י אֶל־עַמִּ֗י בְּשַׁעֲלֵ֣י שְׂעֹרִים֮ וּבִפְת֣וֹתֵי לֶחֶם֒ לְהָמִ֤ית נְפָשׁוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תְמוּתֶ֔נָה וּלְחַיּ֥וֹת נְפָשׁ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־תִֽחְיֶ֑ינָה בְּכַ֨זֶּבְכֶ֔ם לְעַמִּ֖י שֹׁמְעֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃ ס | And you have profaned me in relation to my people for handfuls of barley and for pieces of bread, putting people to death who should not die, and preserving people alive who should not live, by your lying to my people who hear the lying, | people (2x) ← souls. |
| Ezek 13:20 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֤י אֶל־כִּסְּתוֹתֵיכֶ֙נָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַ֠תֵּנָה מְצֹדְד֨וֹת שָׁ֤ם אֶת־הַנְּפָשׁוֹת֙ לְפֹ֣רְח֔וֹת וְקָרַעְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל זְרוֹעֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי֙ אֶת־הַנְּפָשׁ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם מְצֹדְד֥וֹת אֶת־נְפָשִׁ֖ים לְפֹרְחֹֽת׃ | which is why this is what my Lord the Lord says: ‹I am here against your coverings where you ensnare the people rabidly, and I will tear them off your arms, and I will let the people go – people whom you hunt rabidly. |
this is what ← thus.
I am here ← behold me. people (3x) ← souls. rabidly (2x) ← for breaking out, also of leprosy. AV differs (to make them fly). |
| Ezek 13:21 | וְקָרַעְתִּ֞י אֶת־מִסְפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י אֶת־עַמִּי֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ן וְלֹֽא־יִהְי֥וּ ע֛וֹד בְּיֶדְכֶ֖ן לִמְצוּדָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ן כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will tear off your screens, and I will deliver my people from your hands, and they will no longer be in your hands as a prey, and you will know that I am the Lord, | your hands (2x) ← your hand. But your is plural. |
| Ezek 13:22 | יַ֣עַן הַכְא֤וֹת לֵב־צַדִּיק֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַאֲנִ֖י לֹ֣א הִכְאַבְתִּ֑יו וּלְחַזֵּק֙ יְדֵ֣י רָשָׁ֔ע לְבִלְתִּי־שׁ֛וּב מִדַּרְכּ֥וֹ הָרָ֖ע לְהַחֲיֹתֽוֹ׃ | because with lying you have caused the heart of the righteous man to despond, but I have not caused him grief. And you have strengthened the hands of the wicked man, so that he does not return from his evil way and preserve his life. | and preserve his life: AV differs (by promising him life), associating the words with the false prophetesses rather than the Lord. |
| Ezek 13:23 | לָכֵ֗ן שָׁ֚וְא לֹ֣א תֶחֱזֶ֔ינָה וְקֶ֖סֶם לֹא־תִקְסַ֣מְנָה ע֑וֹד וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י אֶת־עַמִּי֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ן וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ן כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Therefore you will no longer see false visions, nor will you perform divinations, for I will deliver my people from your hands, and you will know that I am the Lord.› » ’ ” |
perform ← divine.
your hands: as in Ezek 13:21. |
| Ezek 14:1 | וַיָּב֤וֹא אֵלַי֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים מִזִּקְנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ לְפָנָֽי׃ פ | Then some men from the elders of Israel came to me and sat in front of me. | |
| Ezek 14:2 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 14:3 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הֶעֱל֤וּ גִלּֽוּלֵיהֶם֙ עַל־לִבָּ֔ם וּמִכְשׁ֣וֹל עֲוֺנָ֔ם נָתְנ֖וּ נֹ֣כַח פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם הַאִדָּרֹ֥שׁ אִדָּרֵ֖שׁ לָהֶֽם׃ ס | “Son of Adam, those men have set up their idols in their hearts, and they have put the stumbling block of their iniquity right in front of themselves. Should I be open to consultation at all by them? |
hearts ← heart.
right in front of themselves ← opposite their face(s). should I be open to consultation at all: an irregular infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 14:4 | לָכֵ֣ן דַּבֵּר־א֠וֹתָם וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִ֣ישׁ אִ֣ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲלֶ֨ה אֶת־גִּלּוּלָ֜יו אֶל־לִבּ֗וֹ וּמִכְשׁ֤וֹל עֲוֺנוֹ֙ יָשִׂים֙ נֹ֣כַח פָּנָ֔יו וּבָ֖א אֶל־הַנָּבִ֑יא אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה נַעֲנֵ֧יתִי ל֦וֹ *בה **בָ֖א בְּרֹ֥ב גִּלּוּלָֽיו׃ | So speak to them and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «When any man of the house of Israel sets up his idols in his heart, and he places the stumbling block of his iniquity right in front of himself, and he comes to the prophet, I, the Lord, will be induced to answer him {K: about it} [Q: who comes] in response to the multitude of his idols, |
this is what ← thus.
right in front of himself ← opposite his face. |
| Ezek 14:5 | לְמַ֛עַן תְּפֹ֥שׂ אֶת־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּלִבָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָזֹ֙רוּ֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י בְּגִלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֖ם כֻּלָּֽם׃ ס | so that I catch the house of Israel by their own heart with which they have all alienated themselves from me with their idols.» ’ | |
| Ezek 14:6 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר ׀ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה שׁ֣וּבוּ וְהָשִׁ֔יבוּ מֵעַ֖ל גִּלּֽוּלֵיכֶ֑ם וּמֵעַ֥ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם הָשִׁ֥יבוּ פְנֵיכֶֽם׃ | Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Turn away and restore yourselves from your idols, and turn your attention away from all your abominations. |
this is what ← thus.
attention ← face. |
| Ezek 14:7 | כִּי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמֵהַגֵּר֮ אֲשֶׁר־יָג֣וּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיִנָּזֵ֣ר מֵֽאַחֲרַ֗י וְיַ֤עַל גִּלּוּלָיו֙ אֶל־לִבּ֔וֹ וּמִכְשׁ֣וֹל עֲוֺנ֔וֹ יָשִׂ֖ים נֹ֣כַח פָּנָ֑יו וּבָ֤א אֶל־הַנָּבִיא֙ לִדְרָשׁ־ל֣וֹ בִ֔י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נַֽעֲנֶה־לּ֖וֹ בִּֽי׃ | For every man of the house of Israel and foreigner who resides in Israel has alienated himself from me and has set up his idols in his heart, and he has placed the stumbling block of his iniquity right in front of himself, and when he comes to the prophet to inquire from him of me, I, the Lord, will be induced to answer him by myself. |
every ← each.
right in front of himself: see Ezek 14:4. |
| Ezek 14:8 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י פָנַ֜י בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֗וּא וַהֲשִֽׂמֹתִ֙יהוּ֙ לְא֣וֹת וְלִמְשָׁלִ֔ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֖יו מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֑י וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will take issue with that man, and I will make him a sign and a subject of sayings, and I will cut him off from my people, and you will know that I am the Lord. |
take issue with ← set my face against.
from ← from the midst of. |
| Ezek 14:9 | וְהַנָּבִ֤יא כִֽי־יְפֻתֶּה֙ וְדִבֶּ֣ר דָּבָ֔ר אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ פִּתֵּ֔יתִי אֵ֖ת הַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֑וּא וְנָטִ֤יתִי אֶת־יָדִי֙ עָלָ֔יו וְהִ֨שְׁמַדְתִּ֔יו מִתּ֖וֹךְ עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And if a prophet is deceived when he utters words, I, the Lord, will deceive that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him, and I will obliterate him from my people Israel. |
words ← a word, speech.
will deceive: [CB] explains as have permitted him to be deceived. We take it as a prophetic future, [Ges-HG] §106n. |
| Ezek 14:10 | וְנָשְׂא֖וּ עֲוֺנָ֑ם כַּֽעֲוֺן֙ הַדֹּרֵ֔שׁ כַּעֲוֺ֥ן הַנָּבִ֖יא יִֽהְיֶֽה׃ | And they will bear the penalty for their iniquity. As the penalty for the iniquity is for the one who consults, so the penalty for the iniquity will be for the prophet, | |
| Ezek 14:11 | לְ֠מַעַן לֹֽא־יִתְע֨וּ ע֤וֹד בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאַֽחֲרַ֔י וְלֹֽא־יִטַּמְּא֥וּ ע֖וֹד בְּכָל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֣י לְעָ֗ם וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֶהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | in order that they should no longer lead the house of Israel astray, away from following me, and that they should no longer defile themselves with all their transgressions, but that they should be my people, and I should be their God, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | following ← behind. |
| Ezek 14:12 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 14:13 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם אֶ֚רֶץ כִּ֤י תֶחֱטָא־לִי֙ לִמְעָל־מַ֔עַל וְנָטִ֤יתִי יָדִי֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ וְשָׁבַ֥רְתִּי לָ֖הּ מַטֵּה־לָ֑חֶם וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּי־בָ֣הּ רָעָ֔ב וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, if a land sins against me by acting perversely, then I will stretch my hand against it and break its supply of bread, and I will send a famine to it, and I will cut man and beast off from it. |
by acting perversely ← by being perverse (with) perverseness. Gerundial use of the infinitive.
supply ← staff. |
| Ezek 14:14 | וְ֠הָיוּ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ נֹ֖חַ *דנאל **דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְאִיּ֑וֹב הֵ֤מָּה בְצִדְקָתָם֙ יְנַצְּל֣וּ נַפְשָׁ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And even if these three men were somewhere in it: Noah, Daniel and Job, they by their righteousness would only save their own lives, says the Lord, the Lord. |
Daniel: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
lives ← souls. |
| Ezek 14:15 | לֽוּ־חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה אַעֲבִ֥יר בָּאָ֖רֶץ וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה וְהָיְתָ֤ה שְׁמָמָה֙ מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י הַחַיָּֽה׃ | If I were to cause wild animals to pass through the land and bereave it, and it were to become desolate for want of a passer-by, because of the wild animals, | |
| Ezek 14:16 | שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ בְּתוֹכָהּ֒ חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־בָּנִ֥ים וְאִם־בָּנ֖וֹת יַצִּ֑ילוּ הֵ֤מָּה לְבַדָּם֙ יִנָּצֵ֔לוּ וְהָאָ֖רֶץ תִּהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃ | those three men somewhere in it – as I live, says the Lord, the Lord – would certainly not save sons or daughters. They alone would be saved, and the land would become a desolation. | would certainly not save: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ezek 14:17 | א֛וֹ חֶ֥רֶב אָבִ֖יא עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאָמַרְתִּ֗י חֶ֚רֶב תַּעֲבֹ֣ר בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ | Or if I were to bring the sword on that land and to say, ‘Let the sword pass through the land’, so that I should cut man and beast off from it, | |
| Ezek 14:18 | וּשְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ בְּתוֹכָהּ֒ חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה לֹ֥א יַצִּ֖ילוּ בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֑וֹת כִּ֛י הֵ֥ם לְבַדָּ֖ם יִנָּצֵֽלוּ׃ | then these three men somewhere in it – as I live, says the Lord, the Lord – would not save sons or daughters, but they would only save themselves. | |
| Ezek 14:19 | א֛וֹ דֶּ֥בֶר אֲשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֨י חֲמָתִ֤י עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּדָ֔ם לְהַכְרִ֥ית מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ | Or if I were to send a pestilence to that land, and I were to pour my fury out over it in bloodshed, so as to cut man and beast off from it, | |
| Ezek 14:20 | וְנֹ֨חַ *דנאל **דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְאִיּוֹב֮ בְּתוֹכָהּ֒ חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־בֵּ֥ן אִם־בַּ֖ת יַצִּ֑ילוּ הֵ֥מָּה בְצִדְקָתָ֖ם יַצִּ֥ילוּ נַפְשָֽׁם׃ פ | and Noah, Daniel and Job were somewhere inside it – as I live, says the Lord, the Lord – they certainly would not save son or daughter. They would only save their own lives by their righteousness. |
Daniel: see Ezek 14:14.
they certainly would not save: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. lives ← souls. |
| Ezek 14:21 | כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה אַ֣ף כִּֽי־אַרְבַּ֣עַת שְׁפָטַ֣י ׀ הָרָעִ֡ים חֶ֠רֶב וְרָעָ֞ב וְחַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ וָדֶ֔בֶר שִׁלַּ֖חְתִּי אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְהַכְרִ֥ית מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Even if I send my four harmful judgments – the sword and famine and wild animals and a pestilence to Jerusalem, so as to cut man and beast off from it, | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 14:22 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה נֽוֹתְרָה־בָּ֜הּ פְּלֵטָ֗ה הַֽמּוּצָאִים֮ בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנוֹת֒ הִנָּם֙ יוֹצְאִ֣ים אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וּרְאִיתֶ֥ם אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם וְנִחַמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־הָֽרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵבֵ֖אתִי עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | yet it will be the case that a remnant will remain in it, who will be brought out – sons and daughters. There they will be coming out to you, and you will see their way and their deeds, and you will be comforted concerning the harm which I brought over Jerusalem, with everything I brought over it. |
it will be the case that ← behold.
there they will be ← behold them. comforted: or grieved for. See Ezek 14:23. |
| Ezek 14:23 | וְנִחֲמ֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תִרְא֥וּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א חִנָּ֤ם עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי בָ֔הּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ פ | And they will comfort you when you see their way and their deeds, and you will know that it was not for nothing that I did everything that I did in it, says the Lord, the Lord.’ ” | comfort: see Ezek 14:22. |
| Ezek 15:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 15:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם מַה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה עֵץ־הַגֶּ֖פֶן מִכָּל־עֵ֑ץ הַזְּמוֹרָ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה בַּעֲצֵ֥י הַיָּֽעַר׃ | “Son of Adam, in what way is a vine tree more than any other tree? Or its branch, which is among the trees of the forest? | any ← every. |
| Ezek 15:3 | הֲיֻקַּ֤ח מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ עֵ֔ץ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת לִמְלָאכָ֑ה אִם־יִקְח֤וּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ יָתֵ֔ד לִתְל֥וֹת עָלָ֖יו כָּל־כֶּֽלִי׃ | Is wood taken from it to make artisanry? Or does one use it for a peg, to hang all sorts of items on it? |
does one ← do they from it.
use it for ← take from it. |
| Ezek 15:4 | הִנֵּ֥ה לָאֵ֖שׁ נִתַּ֣ן לְאָכְלָ֑ה אֵת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י קְצוֹתָ֜יו אָכְלָ֤ה הָאֵשׁ֙ וְתוֹכ֣וֹ נָחָ֔ר הֲיִצְלַ֖ח לִמְלָאכָֽה׃ | Look, it is put in the fire as fuel, and the fire consumes both its ends, and its centre is also burned. Is it fit for craftsmanship? |
put in ← given to.
fit for ← successful for. |
| Ezek 15:5 | הִנֵּה֙ בִּֽהְיוֹת֣וֹ תָמִ֔ים לֹ֥א יֵֽעָשֶׂ֖ה לִמְלָאכָ֑ה אַ֣ף כִּי־אֵ֤שׁ אֲכָלַ֙תְהוּ֙ וַיֵּחָ֔ר וְנַעֲשָׂ֥ה ע֖וֹד לִמְלָאכָֽה׃ ס | Look, when it was in its natural state, it was not used for craftsmanship, so how much less when fire has consumed it, and it has been burned? Will it still be used for craftsmanship? |
in its natural state ← perfect.
used (2x) ← done. |
| Ezek 15:6 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֵץ־הַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ בְּעֵ֣ץ הַיַּ֔עַר אֲשֶׁר־נְתַתִּ֥יו לָאֵ֖שׁ לְאָכְלָ֑ה כֵּ֣ן נָתַ֔תִּי אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | So this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘As the vine tree is among the trees of the forest which I have consigned to fire as fuel, so I have consigned the inhabitants of Jerusalem. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 15:7 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־פָּנַי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם מֵהָאֵ֣שׁ יָצָ֔אוּ וְהָאֵ֖שׁ תֹּֽאכְלֵ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בְּשׂוּמִ֥י אֶת־פָּנַ֖י בָּהֶֽם׃ | And I will take issue with them; they will come out of the fire, but the fire will devour them, and you will know that I am the Lord when I take issue with them. | I ... take issue with (2x) ← set my face against. |
| Ezek 15:8 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֑ה יַ֚עַן מָ֣עֲלוּ מַ֔עַל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And I will make the land a desolation, because they have acted perversely, says the Lord, the Lord.’ ” | |
| Ezek 16:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 16:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הוֹדַ֥ע אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֶת־תּוֹעֲבֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | “Son of Adam, make Jerusalem's abominations known to her, | make Jerusalem's abominations known to her ← make known to Jerusalem her abominations. |
| Ezek 16:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ לִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מְכֹרֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ וּמֹ֣לְדֹתַ֔יִךְ מֵאֶ֖רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י אָבִ֥יךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י וְאִמֵּ֥ךְ חִתִּֽית׃ | and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says to Jerusalem: «Your conception and your birth are from the land of the Canaanites. Your father was an Amorite and your mother was a Hittite. |
this is what ← thus.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. The verse is pre-Abrahamic history. See [CB]. |
| Ezek 16:4 | וּמוֹלְדוֹתַ֗יִךְ בְּי֨וֹם הוּלֶּ֤דֶת אֹתָךְ֙ לֹֽא־כָרַּ֣ת שָׁרֵּ֔ךְ וּבְמַ֥יִם לֹֽא־רֻחַ֖צְתְּ לְמִשְׁעִ֑י וְהָמְלֵ֙חַ֙ לֹ֣א הֻמְלַ֔חַתְּ וְהָחְתֵּ֖ל לֹ֥א חֻתָּֽלְתְּ׃ | And as for your birth, on the day when you were born, your umbilical cord was not cut, and you were not washed clean in water, and you were not cleansed with salty water at all, nor were you wrapped in swaddling clothes at all. | cleansed ... at all ... wrapped in swaddling clothes at all: each is a rare hophal infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 16:5 | לֹא־חָ֨סָה עָלַ֜יִךְ עַ֗יִן לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָ֛ךְ אַחַ֥ת מֵאֵ֖לֶּה לְחֻמְלָ֣ה עָלָ֑יִךְ וַֽתֻּשְׁלְכִ֞י אֶל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בְּגֹ֣עַל נַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ בְּי֖וֹם הֻלֶּ֥דֶת אֹתָֽךְ׃ | Not an eye had pity on you, by doing just one of these things to you, to have compassion on you, and you were cast into the open field because of your loathsomeness on the day when you were given birth. |
by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
open field ← the surface of the field. your loathsomeness ← the loathsomeness of your soul. you were given birth ← of you being given birth. |
| Ezek 16:6 | וָאֶעֱבֹ֤ר עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ וָֽאֶרְאֵ֔ךְ מִתְבּוֹסֶ֖סֶת בְּדָמָ֑יִךְ וָאֹ֤מַר לָךְ֙ בְּדָמַ֣יִךְ חֲיִ֔י וָאֹ֥מַר לָ֖ךְ בְּדָמַ֥יִךְ חֲיִֽי׃ | When I passed through you, I saw you trodden under foot in your own blood, and I said to you in your own blood, ‹Live›, and again I said to you in your own blood, ‹Live.› | trodden under foot: AV differs somewhat (polluted). |
| Ezek 16:7 | רְבָבָ֗ה כְּצֶ֤מַח הַשָּׂדֶה֙ נְתַתִּ֔יךְ וַתִּרְבִּי֙ וַֽתִּגְדְּלִ֔י וַתָּבֹ֖אִי בַּעֲדִ֣י עֲדָיִ֑ים שָׁדַ֤יִם נָכֹ֙נוּ֙ וּשְׂעָרֵ֣ךְ צִמֵּ֔חַ וְאַ֖תְּ עֵרֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃ | I made you ten thousand inhabitants strong like the wild vegetation, and you increased and become great, and you proceeded to the height of ornamentation. Your breasts matured, and your hair grew, whereas you were naked and destitute. |
the height of ornamentation ← ornament of ornaments.
matured ← became established. destitute ← destitution. |
| Ezek 16:8 | וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָלַ֜יִךְ וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ וְהִנֵּ֤ה עִתֵּךְ֙ עֵ֣ת דֹּדִ֔ים וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע לָ֠ךְ וָאָב֨וֹא בִבְרִ֜ית אֹתָ֗ךְ נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה וַתִּ֥הְיִי לִֽי׃ | When I passed through you, I looked at you, and behold, your time was the time of love, and I spread my wing over you, and I covered your nakedness, and I swore to you, and I entered into a covenant with you, says the Lord, the Lord, and you became mine. | |
| Ezek 16:9 | וָאֶרְחָצֵ֣ךְ בַּמַּ֔יִם וָאֶשְׁטֹ֥ף דָּמַ֖יִךְ מֵֽעָלָ֑יִךְ וָאֲסֻכֵ֖ךְ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ | And I washed you with water, and I rinsed your blood off you, and I anointed you with oil. | |
| Ezek 16:10 | וָאַלְבִּישֵׁ֣ךְ רִקְמָ֔ה וָאֶנְעֲלֵ֖ךְ תָּ֑חַשׁ וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁ֣ךְ בַּשֵּׁ֔שׁ וַאֲכַסֵּ֖ךְ מֶֽשִׁי׃ | And I clothed you with embroidery, and I shod you with badger skin, and I girded you with fine linen, and I covered you with silk. | |
| Ezek 16:11 | וָאֶעְדֵּ֖ךְ עֶ֑דִי וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה צְמִידִים֙ עַל־יָדַ֔יִךְ וְרָבִ֖יד עַל־גְּרוֹנֵֽךְ׃ | And I adorned you with ornaments, and I put bracelets on your hands, and a chain round your neck. |
chain: or decorative collar.
neck ← throat. |
| Ezek 16:12 | וָאֶתֵּ֥ן נֶ֙זֶם֙ עַל־אַפֵּ֔ךְ וַעֲגִילִ֖ים עַל־אָזְנָ֑יִךְ וַעֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת בְּרֹאשֵֽׁךְ׃ | And I put a nosering on your nose, and earrings on your ears, and a magnificent crown on your head. |
nose: AV differs (forehead).
magnificent crown ← crown of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 16:13 | וַתַּעְדִּ֞י זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֗סֶף וּמַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ֙ *ששי **שֵׁ֤שׁ וָמֶ֙שִׁי֙ וְרִקְמָ֔ה סֹ֧לֶת וּדְבַ֛שׁ וָשֶׁ֖מֶן *אכלתי **אָכָ֑לְתְּ וַתִּ֙יפִי֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַֽתִּצְלְחִ֖י לִמְלוּכָֽה׃ | And you adorned yourself with gold and silver, and your apparel was fine linen and silk and embroidery, and you ate fine flour products and honey and oil, and you became beautiful in the extreme, and you became a prosperous kingdom. |
fine linen: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
you ate: the ketiv is an Aramaism. became a prosperous kingdom ← prospered to a kingdom. |
| Ezek 16:14 | וַיֵּ֨צֵא לָ֥ךְ שֵׁ֛ם בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם בְּיָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ כָּלִ֣יל ה֗וּא בַּֽהֲדָרִי֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי עָלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And your fame went out among the nations for your beauty, for it was perfect, a testimony to my majesty which I placed on you, says the Lord, the Lord. | fame ← name. |
| Ezek 16:15 | וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֖י עַל־שְׁמֵ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ עַל־כָּל־עוֹבֵ֖ר לוֹ־יֶֽהִי׃ | But you put trust in your beauty, and you prostituted yourself with your fame, and you poured your prostitution on every passer-by; it became his. | fame ← name. |
| Ezek 16:16 | וַתִּקְחִ֣י מִבְּגָדַ֗יִךְ וַתַּֽעֲשִׂי־לָךְ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת טְלֻא֔וֹת וַתִּזְנִ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א בָא֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And you took some of your garments, and you made yourself draped idolatrous high places, and you committed prostitution at them, saying, ‹They will not come, and it will not be.› |
draped ← patched.
they ... it: i.e., [CB], the curses ... the judgment. |
| Ezek 16:17 | וַתִּקְחִ֞י כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ מִזְּהָבִ֤י וּמִכַּסְפִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֖ךְ צַלְמֵ֣י זָכָ֑ר וַתִּזְנִי־בָֽם׃ | And you took your magnificent articles, made from my gold and my silver which I gave you, and you made yourself images of the male organ, and you committed prostitution with them. | magnificent articles ← articles of your magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 16:18 | וַתִּקְחִ֛י אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתֵ֖ךְ וַתְּכַסִּ֑ים וְשַׁמְנִי֙ וּקְטָרְתִּ֔י *נתתי **נָתַ֖תְּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And you have taken your embroidered garments, and you have covered them, and you have placed my oil and my incense in front of them. |
you have placed: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
your embroidered garments ← garments of your embroidery. covered them: i.e. covered the images. |
| Ezek 16:19 | וְלַחְמִי֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֨תִּי לָ֜ךְ סֹ֣לֶת וָשֶׁ֤מֶן וּדְבַשׁ֙ הֶֽאֱכַלְתִּ֔יךְ וּנְתַתִּ֧יהוּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֛ם לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ וַיֶּ֑הִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And there is my food which I gave you – fine flour and oil and honey with which I fed you, but you set it before them as sweet fragrance, and that is what it became, says the Lord, the Lord. | food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ezek 16:20 | וַתִּקְחִ֞י אֶת־בָּנַ֤יִךְ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלַ֣דְתְּ לִ֔י וַתִּזְבָּחִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם לֶאֱכ֑וֹל הַמְעַ֖ט *מתזנתך **מִתַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ | And you took your sons and your daughters whom you bore me, and you sacrificed them to the images, to be consumed. Is it a small matter among your {Q: prostitutions} [K: prostitution] |
the images ← them. Images supplied from Ezek 16:17.
to be consumed ← to consume. |
| Ezek 16:21 | וַֽתִּשְׁחֲטִ֖י אֶת־בָּנָ֑י וַֽתִּתְּנִ֔ים בְּהַעֲבִ֥יר אוֹתָ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃ | that you have slaughtered my sons and surrendered them, to have them pass over fire for the images? | the images: see Ezek 16:20. |
| Ezek 16:22 | וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ וְתַזְנֻתַ֔יִךְ לֹ֥א *זכרתי **זָכַ֖רְתְּ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בִּֽהְיוֹתֵךְ֙ עֵרֹ֣ם וְעֶרְיָ֔ה מִתְבּוֹסֶ֥סֶת בְּדָמֵ֖ךְ הָיִֽית׃ | And with all your abominations and prostitutions you have not remembered the days of your youth when you were naked and destitute – when you were trodden under foot in your own blood. |
you have ... remembered: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
destitute ← destitution. |
| Ezek 16:23 | וַיְהִ֕י אַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־רָעָתֵ֑ךְ א֣וֹי א֣וֹי לָ֔ךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And it came to pass after all your wrongdoing – woe, woe to you, says the Lord, the Lord – | |
| Ezek 16:24 | וַתִּבְנִי־לָ֖ךְ גֶּ֑ב וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֥ךְ רָמָ֖ה בְּכָל־רְחֽוֹב׃ | that you built yourself an idolatrous mound, and you made yourself a high place in every street. |
mound: [CB], brothel; [BDB], under גבב, mound for illicit worship.
high place: [BDB], shrine, for illicit worship. |
| Ezek 16:25 | אֶל־כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ דֶּ֗רֶךְ בָּנִית֙ רָֽמָתֵ֔ךְ וַתְּתַֽעֲבִי֙ אֶת־יָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתְּפַשְּׂקִ֥י אֶת־רַגְלַ֖יִךְ לְכָל־עוֹבֵ֑ר וַתַּרְבִּ֖י אֶת־*תזנתך **תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ | You have built your high place at the head of every road, and you have made your beauty an abomination, and you have opened your legs to every passer-by, and you have been profuse in your {K: prostitution} [Q: prostitutions]. | the head of every road ← every head of road. |
| Ezek 16:26 | וַתִּזְנִ֧י אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־מִצְרַ֛יִם שְׁכֵנַ֖יִךְ גִּדְלֵ֣י בָשָׂ֑ר וַתַּרְבִּ֥י אֶת־תַּזְנֻתֵ֖ךְ לְהַכְעִיסֵֽנִי׃ | And you have engaged in prostitution with the Egyptians your neighbours, who are very lustful, and you have been profuse in your prostitution, so as to provoke me to anger. |
Egyptians ← sons of Egypt.
very lustful ← great of flesh. |
| Ezek 16:27 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָטִ֤יתִי יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֶגְרַ֖ע חֻקֵּ֑ךְ וָאֶתְּנֵ֞ךְ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ שֹׂנְאוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הַנִּכְלָמ֖וֹת מִדַּרְכֵּ֥ךְ זִמָּֽה׃ | So look, I have stretched my hand out over you, and I have diminished your privileged position, and I have delivered you to the will of those who hate you – the daughters of the Philistines, who are ashamed of your lewd way. |
privileged position ← statute, but also, [AnLx], privilege. AV differs (ordinary food).
will ← soul. daughters: i.e. cities. your lewd way ← your way (of) lewdness, but ↴ |
| Ezek 16:28 | וַתִּזְנִי֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר מִבִּלְתִּ֖י שָׂבְעָתֵ֑ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֕ים וְגַ֖ם לֹ֥א שָׂבָֽעַתְּ׃ | And you have engaged in prostitution with the Assyrians because of your insatiability, and you have been promiscuous with them, and indeed were not satiated. |
↳ not the usual Hebraic genitive construction. See [Ges-HG] §131r.
Assyrians ← sons of Assyria. because of your insatiability ← from not your satiability. |
| Ezek 16:29 | וַתַּרְבִּ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתֵ֛ךְ אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ימָה וְגַם־בְּזֹ֖את לֹ֥א שָׂבָֽעַתְּ׃ | And you have increased your prostitution in the land of Canaan the Chaldean way, and also in this you were not satiated. | the Chaldean way ← towards Chaldea. |
| Ezek 16:30 | מָ֤ה אֲמֻלָה֙ לִבָּתֵ֔ךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה בַּעֲשׂוֹתֵךְ֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֔לֶּה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אִשָּֽׁה־זוֹנָ֖ה שַׁלָּֽטֶת׃ | How weak-willed your heart is, says the Lord, the Lord, in that you do all these things. It is the practice of a self-willed prostitute. |
in that you do ← in your doing.
self-willed ← ruling. prostitute ← prostituting woman. |
| Ezek 16:31 | בִּבְנוֹתַ֤יִךְ גַּבֵּךְ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כָּל־דֶּ֔רֶךְ וְרָמָתֵ֥ךְ *עשיתי **עָשִׂ֖ית בְּכָל־רְח֑וֹב וְלֹא־*הייתי **הָיִ֥ית כַּזּוֹנָ֖ה לְקַלֵּ֥ס אֶתְנָֽן׃ | In your satellite villages is your idolatrous mound, at the head of every road, and you have built your high place in every street, but you have not been like a prostitute, in that you have been scornful of taking immoral earnings. |
The ketiv forms are Aramaisms.
satellite villages ← daughters, as in Jer 49:2. AV differs (in that thou buildest), but a plural-form infinitive with suffix is inadmissible. mound ... high place: see Ezek 16:24. |
| Ezek 16:32 | הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַמְּנָאָ֑פֶת תַּ֣חַת אִישָׁ֔הּ תִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־זָרִֽים׃ | You are an adulterous woman who takes strangers instead of her husband. | |
| Ezek 16:33 | לְכָל־זֹנ֖וֹת יִתְּנוּ־נֵ֑דֶה וְאַ֨תְּ נָתַ֤תְּ אֶת־נְדָנַ֙יִךְ֙ לְכָל־מְאַֽהֲבַ֔יִךְ וַתִּשְׁחֳדִ֣י אוֹתָ֗ם לָב֥וֹא אֵלַ֛יִךְ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּתַזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ | To all prostitutes one gives fees, but you have given your gratuities to all your lovers, and you have bribed them to come to you from all around in your prostitutions. | one gives ← they give. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 16:34 | וַיְהִי־בָ֨ךְ הֵ֤פֶךְ מִן־הַנָּשִׁים֙ בְּתַזְנוּתַ֔יִךְ וְאַחֲרַ֖יִךְ לֹ֣א זוּנָּ֑ה וּבְתִתֵּ֣ךְ אֶתְנָ֗ן וְאֶתְנַ֛ן לֹ֥א נִתַּן־לָ֖ךְ וַתְּהִ֥י לְהֶֽפֶךְ׃ | So it has been with you in your prostitutions the opposite to what other women do, in that sexual favour has not been sought from you, and in that you have given a gratuity, and no gratuity was given to you. So you have been the opposite.» |
from you ← after you.
you have been: taking וַתְּהִי as standing for וַתִּהְיִי, otherwise, she (Jerusalem) has been. |
| Ezek 16:35 | לָכֵ֣ן זוֹנָ֔ה שִׁמְעִ֖י דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | Therefore, you prostitute, hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 16:36 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן הִשָּׁפֵ֤ךְ נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ֙ וַתִּגָּלֶ֣ה עֶרְוָתֵ֔ךְ בְּתַזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ עַל־מְאַהֲבָ֑יִךְ וְעַל֙ כָּל־גִּלּוּלֵ֣י תוֹעֲבוֹתַ֔יִךְ וְכִדְמֵ֣י בָנַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תְּ לָהֶֽם׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because of the squandering of your copper money, and because your nakedness has been revealed in your prostitutions with your lovers and with all your abominable idols, and by the blood of your sons whom you gave to them, |
this is what ← thus.
copper money: AV differs (filthiness). your abominable idols ← the idols of your abominations, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 16:37 | לָ֠כֵן הִנְנִ֨י מְקַבֵּ֤ץ אֶת־כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָרַ֣בְתְּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהַ֔בְתְּ עַ֖ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֑את וְקִבַּצְתִּי֩ אֹתָ֨ם עָלַ֜יִךְ מִסָּבִ֗יב וְגִלֵּיתִ֤י עֶרְוָתֵךְ֙ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וְרָא֖וּ אֶת־כָּל־עֶרְוָתֵֽךְ׃ | I am about to gather up all your lovers with whom you have been familiar, and all whom you have loved, with all whom you have hated, and I will gather them up against you from round about, and I will reveal your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. |
I am about to ← therefore behold me, but English does not use a correlative after because (in this case, in Ezek 16:36).
with whom you have been familiar: qal, but in hithpael sense. Or, from a homonym, to whom you have been pleasing. |
| Ezek 16:38 | וּשְׁפַטְתִּיךְ֙ מִשְׁפְּטֵ֣י נֹאֲפ֔וֹת וְשֹׁפְכֹ֖ת דָּ֑ם וּנְתַתִּ֕יךְ דַּ֥ם חֵמָ֖ה וְקִנְאָֽה׃ | And I will judge you with the judgments for women who commit adultery and who shed blood, and I will deliver you up to furious bloodshed and jealousy. |
furious bloodshed ← blood of fury, a Hebraic genitive.
jealousy: or zeal. |
| Ezek 16:39 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י אוֹתָ֜ךְ בְּיָדָ֗ם וְהָרְס֤וּ גַבֵּךְ֙ וְנִתְּצ֣וּ רָמֹתַ֔יִךְ וְהִפְשִׁ֤יטוּ אוֹתָךְ֙ בְּגָדַ֔יִךְ וְלָקְח֖וּ כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֑ךְ וְהִנִּיח֖וּךְ עֵירֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃ | And I will deliver you into their hand, and they will flatten your idolatrous mound and demolish your high places, and they will strip you of your clothes, and they will take your magnificent articles and leave you naked and destitute. |
flatten ← pull down.
your magnificent articles ← the articles of your magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. destitute ← destitution. |
| Ezek 16:40 | וְהֶעֱל֤וּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָהָ֔ל וְרָגְמ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ךְ בָּאָ֑בֶן וּבִתְּק֖וּךְ בְּחַרְבוֹתָֽם׃ | And they will bring a contingent up against you, and they will stone you with boulders, and they will cut you to pieces with their swords. | |
| Ezek 16:41 | וְשָׂרְפ֤וּ בָתַּ֙יִךְ֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְעָשׂוּ־בָ֣ךְ שְׁפָטִ֔ים לְעֵינֵ֖י נָשִׁ֣ים רַבּ֑וֹת וְהִשְׁבַּתִּיךְ֙ מִזּוֹנָ֔ה וְגַם־אֶתְנַ֖ן לֹ֥א תִתְּנִי־עֽוֹד׃ | And they will burn your houses with fire, and they will pass judgments on you in the sight of many women. So I will stop you from being a prostitute, and also you will no longer give a gratuity for services. | pass ← make. |
| Ezek 16:42 | וַהֲנִחֹתִ֤י חֲמָתִי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְסָ֥רָה קִנְאָתִ֖י מִמֵּ֑ךְ וְשָׁ֣קַטְתִּ֔י וְלֹ֥א אֶכְעַ֖ס עֽוֹד׃ | But I will give rest to my anger on you, and my jealousy will depart from you, and I will have rest and will no longer be angry. | jealousy: or zeal. |
| Ezek 16:43 | יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־*זכרתי **זָכַרְתְּ֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ וַתִּרְגְּזִי־לִ֖י בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְגַם־אֲנִ֨י הֵ֜א דַּרְכֵּ֣ךְ ׀ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ נָתַ֗תִּי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְלֹ֤א *עשיתי **עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־הַזִּמָּ֔ה עַ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃ | Since you have not remembered the days of your youth, but you have been stirred up against me with all these things, now look, I for my part will put your way on your head, says the Lord, the Lord, and you will not commit this lewdness with all your abominations. |
you have ... remembered ... commit: the ketiv forms are Aramaisms.
for my part ← also. |
| Ezek 16:44 | הִנֵּה֙ כָּל־הַמֹּשֵׁ֔ל עָלַ֥יִךְ יִמְשֹׁ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּאִמָּ֖ה בִּתָּֽהּ׃ | Look, everyone who speaks in proverbs will speak a proverb against you and say, ‹As the mother is, so is her daughter.› | the mother ← her mother, providing we supply a dagesh (כְּאִמָּהּ). [AnLx] has his mother (old orthography). Perhaps the final hé is simply prosthetic. |
| Ezek 16:45 | בַּת־אִמֵּ֣ךְ אַ֔תְּ גֹּעֶ֥לֶת אִישָׁ֖הּ וּבָנֶ֑יהָ וַאֲח֨וֹת אֲחוֹתֵ֜ךְ אַ֗תְּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר גָּֽעֲ֙לוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ן וּבְנֵיהֶ֔ן אִמְּכֶ֣ן חִתִּ֔ית וַאֲבִיכֶ֖ן אֱמֹרִֽי׃ | You are your mother's daughter who loathes her husband and her sons, and you are the sister of your sisters who loathed their husbands and their sons. Your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite. |
sisters ← sister, but a plural verb.
your mother: plural possessive adjective. Amorite: see Gen 10:16, Ezek 16:3. |
| Ezek 16:46 | וַאֲחוֹתֵ֨ךְ הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה שֹֽׁמְרוֹן֙ הִ֣יא וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת עַל־שְׂמֹאולֵ֑ךְ וַאֲחוֹתֵ֞ךְ הַקְּטַנָּ֣ה מִמֵּ֗ךְ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֙בֶת֙ מִֽימִינֵ֔ךְ סְדֹ֖ם וּבְנוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | Now your elder sister is Samaria – she and her daughters – and she is situated to your left. And the sister of yours who is younger than you, who is situated to your right, is Sodom and her daughters. |
elder ... younger ← greater ... smaller.
is situated (2x) ← sits. left ... right: these imply a reference direction of looking east. |
| Ezek 16:47 | וְלֹ֤א בְדַרְכֵיהֶן֙ הָלַ֔כְתְּ וּבְתוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ן *עשיתי **עָשִׂ֑ית כִּמְעַ֣ט קָ֔ט וַתַּשְׁחִ֥תִי מֵהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃ | And you didn't walk in their ways, or commit their abominations. But in just a short time, you became more perverse than them in all your ways. |
commit: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
but: adversative use of the vav (in the word וַתַּשְׁחִ֥תִי). than them: or, if the reader prefers, than they. |
| Ezek 16:48 | חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־עָֽשְׂתָה֙ סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ הִ֖יא וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ית אַ֖תְּ וּבְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃ | As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, Sodom your sister – she and her daughters – have certainly not done what you and your daughters have done. |
have certainly not done: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
what ← as. |
| Ezek 16:49 | הִנֵּה־זֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה עֲוֺ֖ן סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֑ךְ גָּא֨וֹן שִׂבְעַת־לֶ֜חֶם וְשַׁלְוַ֣ת הַשְׁקֵ֗ט הָ֤יָה לָהּ֙ וְלִבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיַד־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן לֹ֥א הֶחֱזִֽיקָה׃ | Look, this is what the iniquity of Sodom your sister was: that she and her daughters had pride, immoderation with food, and nonchalant ease, and she did not improve the circumstances of the poor and needy. |
immoderation with food ← excess of bread. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
improve the circumstances of ← strengthen the hand. |
| Ezek 16:50 | וַֽתִּגְבְּהֶ֔ינָה וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֥ינָה תוֹעֵבָ֖ה לְפָנָ֑י וָאָסִ֥יר אֶתְהֶ֖ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִֽיתִי׃ ס | And they were arrogant, and they committed an abomination before me, so I removed them because of what I saw. | |
| Ezek 16:51 | וְשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן כַּחֲצִ֥י חַטֹּאתַ֖יִךְ לֹ֣א חָטָ֑אָה וַתַּרְבִּ֤י אֶת־תּוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ מֵהֵ֔נָּה וַתְּצַדְּקִי֙ אֶת־*אחותך **אֲחוֹתַ֔יִךְ בְּכָל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתַ֖יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר *עשיתי **עָשִֽׂית׃ | And Samaria has not committed half of your sins, but you have multiplied your abominations more than them, and you have justified your {K: sister} [Q: sisters] with all your abominations which you have committed. |
you have committed ← you have sinned. The ketiv is an Aramaism.
half ← as half, perhaps denting intensity, even half. than them: or, if the reader prefers, than they. |
| Ezek 16:52 | גַּם־אַ֣תְּ ׀ שְׂאִ֣י כְלִמָּתֵ֗ךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר פִּלַּלְתְּ֙ לַֽאֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ בְּחַטֹּאתַ֛יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־הִתְעַ֥בְתְּ מֵהֵ֖ן תִּצְדַּ֣קְנָה מִמֵּ֑ךְ וְגַם־אַ֥תְּ בּ֙וֹשִׁי֙ וּשְׂאִ֣י כְלִמָּתֵ֔ךְ בְּצַדֶּקְתֵּ֖ךְ אַחְיוֹתֵֽךְ׃ | You too, bear your ignominy, you who have charged your sister with your own sins by which you have acted more abominably than them. They are more righteous than you, so you for your part be ashamed and bear your ignominy in your justifying your sister. |
than them: or, if the reader prefers, than they.
for your part ← also. in your justifying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezek 16:53 | וְשַׁבְתִּי֙ אֶת־שְׁבִ֣יתְהֶ֔ן אֶת־*שבית **שְׁב֤וּת סְדֹם֙ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־*שבית **שְׁב֥וּת שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ *ושבית **וּשְׁב֥וּת שְׁבִיתַ֖יִךְ בְּתוֹכָֽהְנָה׃ | But I will reverse their deportation – the deportation of Sodom and her daughters, and the deportation of Samaria and her daughters, and the deportation of your body of deportees among them – | deportation (3x): the ketiv / qeré issues are as in Jer 29:14. |
| Ezek 16:54 | לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׂאִ֣י כְלִמָּתֵ֔ךְ וְנִכְלַ֕מְתְּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑ית בְּנַחֲמֵ֖ךְ אֹתָֽן׃ | so that you bear your ignominy, and you suffer ignominy for everything you did when you gave them comfort. | you gave them comfort: by being worse, so “justifying” them, Ezek 16:51. |
| Ezek 16:55 | וַאֲחוֹתַ֗יִךְ סְדֹ֤ם וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ תָּשֹׁ֣בְןָ לְקַדְמָתָ֔ן וְשֹֽׁמְרוֹן֙ וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ תָּשֹׁ֖בְןָ לְקַדְמָתָ֑ן וְאַתְּ֙ וּבְנוֹתַ֔יִךְ תְּשֻׁבֶ֖ינָה לְקַדְמַתְכֶֽן׃ | And your sisters Sodom and her daughters will return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters will return to their former state, and you and your daughters will return to your former state. | |
| Ezek 16:56 | וְל֤וֹא הָֽיְתָה֙ סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ לִשְׁמוּעָ֖ה בְּפִ֑יךְ בְּי֖וֹם גְּאוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ | For your sister Sodom did not get a mention by you, at the time when you were behaving arrogantly, |
did not get a mention by you ← was not for a report in your mouth.
at the time when you were behaving arrogantly ← on the day of your arrogance. |
| Ezek 16:57 | בְּטֶרֶם֮ תִּגָּלֶ֣ה רָעָתֵךְ֒ כְּמ֗וֹ עֵ֚ת חֶרְפַּ֣ת בְּנוֹת־אֲרָ֔ם וְכָל־סְבִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ בְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים הַשָּׁאט֥וֹת אוֹתָ֖ךְ מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | before your wrongdoing was exposed, as it was at the time of the reproach of the daughters of Aramaea and all its surrounding areas – of the daughters of the Philistines round about who despise you. | |
| Ezek 16:58 | אֶת־זִמָּתֵ֥ךְ וְאֶת־תּוֹעֲבוֹתַ֖יִךְ אַ֣תְּ נְשָׂאתִ֑ים נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס | You will bear your lewdness and your abominations, says the Lord.» | |
| Ezek 16:59 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה *ועשית **וְעָשִׂ֥יתִי אוֹתָ֖ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑ית אֲשֶׁר־בָּזִ֥ית אָלָ֖ה לְהָפֵ֥ר בְּרִֽית׃ | For this is what my Lord the Lord says: «I will yet deal with you as you have dealt, in that you have despised an oath, in breaking a covenant. |
I will ... deal: the ketiv is an Aramaism.
this is what ← thus. in breaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezek 16:60 | וְזָכַרְתִּ֨י אֲנִ֧י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֛י אוֹתָ֖ךְ בִּימֵ֣י נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ וַהֲקִמוֹתִ֥י לָ֖ךְ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ | But I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish an age-abiding covenant for you. | |
| Ezek 16:61 | וְזָכַ֣רְתְּ אֶת־דְּרָכַיִךְ֮ וְנִכְלַמְתְּ֒ בְּקַחְתֵּ֗ךְ אֶת־אֲחוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ הַגְּדֹל֣וֹת מִמֵּ֔ךְ אֶל־הַקְּטַנּ֖וֹת מִמֵּ֑ךְ וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶתְהֶ֥ן לָ֛ךְ לְבָנ֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א מִבְּרִיתֵֽךְ׃ | Then you will remember your ways, and you will feel ashamed when you take back your sisters, those older than you as well as those younger than you, when I give them to you as daughters, but not by your covenant. | as well as: Hebrew אֶל־, for which [BDB] includes in addition to. |
| Ezek 16:62 | וַהֲקִימוֹתִ֥י אֲנִ֛י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֖עַתְּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | But I will establish my covenant with you, and you will know that I am the Lord, | |
| Ezek 16:63 | לְמַ֤עַן תִּזְכְּרִי֙ וָבֹ֔שְׁתְּ וְלֹ֨א יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥ךְ עוֹד֙ פִּתְח֣וֹן פֶּ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י כְּלִמָּתֵ֑ךְ בְּכַפְּרִי־לָךְ֙ לְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ית נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | so that you remember and are ashamed and no longer open your mouth, because of your ignominy when I pardon everything you have done, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | open your mouth ← have opening of the mouth. |
| Ezek 17:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 17:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם ח֥וּד חִידָ֖ה וּמְשֹׁ֣ל מָשָׁ֑ל אֶל־בֵּ֖ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Son of Adam, propound a riddle and tell the house of Israel a parable, | tell ← “parable-tell”. |
| Ezek 17:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הַנֶּ֤שֶׁר הַגָּדוֹל֙ גְּד֤וֹל הַכְּנָפַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֣רֶךְ הָאֵ֔בֶר מָלֵא֙ הַנּוֹצָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ הָֽרִקְמָ֑ה בָּ֚א אֶל־הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־צַמֶּ֥רֶת הָאָֽרֶז׃ |
and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«The great eagle, with large wings, with long flight-feathers, With full plumage, which has various colours, Has gone to Lebanon And has taken the top of the cedar tree. |
this is what ← thus.
great eagle: [CB], the king of Babylon. top: i.e. Jehoiachin / Jeconiah / Coniah. |
| Ezek 17:4 | אֵ֛ת רֹ֥אשׁ יְנִֽיקוֹתָ֖יו קָטָ֑ף וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בְּעִ֥יר רֹכְלִ֖ים שָׂמֽוֹ׃ |
He has plucked its topmost shoots off And brought it all to the land of the merchant And placed it in a city of traders. |
merchant ← Canaan, but the word also means merchant; i.e., [CB], Babylon.
There are six words for branch or foliage in Ezek 17:4 - Ezek 17:9 (יְנִיקָה, דָּלִית, בַּד,פֺּארָה, עָנָף, טֶרֶף). Also מַטֶּה and עֲבֹת in Ezek 19:11. |
| Ezek 17:5 | וַיִּקַּח֙ מִזֶּ֣רַע הָאָ֔רֶץ וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ בִּשְׂדֵה־זָ֑רַע קָ֚ח עַל־מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים צַפְצָפָ֖ה שָׂמֽוֹ׃ |
He took some of the seed of the land And put it in a field ready to be sown. He took it to a water-rich place And set it out like willow trees. |
seed: i.e., [CB], Zedekiah.
field ready to be sown ← of seed. to a water-rich place ← to great waters. |
| Ezek 17:6 | וַיִּצְמַ֡ח וַיְהִי֩ לְגֶ֨פֶן סֹרַ֜חַת שִׁפְלַ֣ת קוֹמָ֗ה לִפְנ֤וֹת דָּלִיּוֹתָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו וְשָׁרָשָׁ֖יו תַּחְתָּ֣יו יִֽהְי֑וּ וַתְּהִ֣י לְגֶ֔פֶן וַתַּ֣עַשׂ בַּדִּ֔ים וַתְּשַׁלַּ֖ח פֹּארֽוֹת׃ |
And it grew and became a vine Which spread out at a low height, And it turned its branches towards him, And its roots were under him. So it became a vine, And it produced tendrils and sent out shoots. |
a low height ← lowness of height.
towards him: i.e., [CB], towards Nebuchadnezzar. |
| Ezek 17:7 | וַיְהִ֤י נֶֽשֶׁר־אֶחָד֙ גָּד֔וֹל גְּד֥וֹל כְּנָפַ֖יִם וְרַב־נוֹצָ֑ה וְהִנֵּה֩ הַגֶּ֨פֶן הַזֹּ֜את כָּֽפְנָ֧ה שָׁרֳשֶׁ֣יהָ עָלָ֗יו וְדָֽלִיּוֹתָיו֙ שִׁלְחָה־לּ֔וֹ לְהַשְׁק֣וֹת אוֹתָ֔הּ מֵעֲרֻג֖וֹת מַטָּעָֽהּ׃ |
And there was another great eagle, With large wings and copious plumage, And look, this vine stretched its roots hungrily towards him And sent its branches from the terrace on which it was planted To him for him to water it. |
another great eagle ← one large eagle, i.e., [CB], Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt. Zedekiah looks for help from Egypt.
on which it was planted ← of its plantation. water: [CB], a reference to the Nile. |
| Ezek 17:8 | אֶל־שָׂ֥דֶה טּ֛וֹב אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים הִ֣יא שְׁתוּלָ֑ה לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָנָף֙ וְלָשֵׂ֣את פֶּ֔רִי לִהְי֖וֹת לְגֶ֥פֶן אַדָּֽרֶת׃ ס |
It was planted in a good field, With much water, To produce branches and to bear fruit, To become a magnificent vine.» ’ |
magnificent vine ← vine of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 17:9 | אֱמֹ֗ר כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִ֖ה תִּצְלָ֑ח הֲלוֹא֩ אֶת־שָׁרָשֶׁ֨יהָ יְנַתֵּ֜ק וְאֶת־פִּרְיָ֣הּ ׀ יְקוֹסֵ֣ס וְיָבֵ֗שׁ כָּל־טַרְפֵּ֤י צִמְחָהּ֙ תִּיבָ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־בִזְרֹ֤עַ גְּדוֹלָה֙ וּבְעַם־רָ֔ב לְמַשְׂא֥וֹת אוֹתָ֖הּ מִשָּׁרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ |
Say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Will it thrive? Will he not uproot it And cut its fruit off So that it withers? All the foliage of its growth will wither, But not by a powerful arm, Or by a mighty people coming to pluck it up by its roots. |
this is what ← thus.
uproot it ← pull its roots up. all the foliage of its growth will wither ← all leaves of its growth – it will wither. powerful ← great. pluck it up: in a semi-Aramaic form. |
| Ezek 17:10 | וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׁתוּלָ֖ה הֲתִצְלָ֑ח הֲלוֹא֩ כְגַ֨עַת בָּ֜הּ ר֤וּחַ הַקָּדִים֙ תִּיבַ֣שׁ יָבֹ֔שׁ עַל־עֲרֻגֹ֥ת צִמְחָ֖הּ תִּיבָֽשׁ׃ פ |
So look, will it, having been planted, thrive? When the east wind hits it, Will it not completely wither? It will wither on the terraces Where it is cultivated.» ’ ” |
completely wither: infinitive absolute.
where it is cultivated ← of its growth. |
| Ezek 17:11 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 17:12 | אֱמָר־נָא֙ לְבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔רִי הֲלֹ֥א יְדַעְתֶּ֖ם מָה־אֵ֑לֶּה אֱמֹ֗ר הִנֵּה־בָ֨א מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֤ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֙ וְאֶת־שָׂרֶ֔יהָ וַיָּבֵ֥א אוֹתָ֛ם אֵלָ֖יו בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | “Please say to the rebellious house, ‘Do you not know what these things represent?’ Say, ‘Look, the king of Babylon has come to Jerusalem, and he has captured its king and its officials, and he has brought them to his place in Babylon. |
rebellious house: see Ezek 2:5.
his place ← himself. |
| Ezek 17:13 | וַיִּקַּח֙ מִזֶּ֣רַע הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אִתּ֖וֹ בְּרִ֑ית וַיָּבֵ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ בְּאָלָ֔ה וְאֶת־אֵילֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לָקָֽח׃ | And he has taken some of the royal seed and has made a covenant with him and has made him take an oath, and he has taken the high-ranking people of the land |
royal seed ← seed of royalty, a Hebraic genitive.
made a covenant ← cut a covenant. made him take an oath ← brought him into an oath. |
| Ezek 17:14 | לִֽהְיוֹת֙ מַמְלָכָ֣ה שְׁפָלָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א לִשְׁמֹ֥ר אֶת־בְּרִית֖וֹ לְעָמְדָֽהּ׃ | so that the kingdom might be lowly, so that it should not exalt itself, so that it should keep his covenant for it to stand. | |
| Ezek 17:15 | וַיִּמְרָד־בּ֗וֹ לִשְׁלֹ֤חַ מַלְאָכָיו֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָֽתֶת־ל֥וֹ סוּסִ֖ים וְעַם־רָ֑ב הֲיִצְלָ֤ח הֲיִמָּלֵט֙ הָעֹשֵׂ֣ה אֵ֔לֶּה וְהֵפֵ֥ר בְּרִ֖ית וְנִמְלָֽט׃ | But he rebelled against him by sending his envoys to Egypt, asking Pharaoh to give him horses and a large body of men. Will he who does these things either be successful or escape? Or if he breaks the covenant, will he escape? | by sending: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezek 17:16 | חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־לֹ֗א בִּמְקוֹם֙ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַמַּמְלִ֣יךְ אֹת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּזָה֙ אֶת־אָ֣לָת֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵפֵ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִית֑וֹ אִתּ֥וֹ בְתוֹךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל יָמֽוּת׃ | As I live, says my Lord the Lord, he will certainly die in the location of the king who made him king, because he despised his oath and because he broke his covenant. He will die with him in the precincts of Babylon. | he will certainly die: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 17:17 | וְלֹא֩ בְחַ֨יִל גָּד֜וֹל וּבְקָהָ֣ל רָ֗ב יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אוֹת֤וֹ פַרְעֹה֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה בִּשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ סֹלְלָ֖ה וּבִבְנ֣וֹת דָּיֵ֑ק לְהַכְרִ֖ית נְפָשׁ֥וֹת רַבּֽוֹת׃ | And Pharaoh will not attend to him with a large army or a vast contingent in war, in casting up ramparts or in building a wall of circumvallation or in cutting down many people. |
attend to ← do.
in casting up ... in building ... in cutting down: gerundial use of the infinitive. people ← souls. |
| Ezek 17:18 | וּבָזָ֥ה אָלָ֖ה לְהָפֵ֣ר בְּרִ֑ית וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֥ן יָד֛וֹ וְכָל־אֵ֥לֶּה עָשָׂ֖ה לֹ֥א יִמָּלֵֽט׃ ס | Since he has despised the oath in breaking the covenant, and he has made an agreement and done all these things, he will not escape. |
in breaking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
made an agreement ← given his hand. |
| Ezek 17:19 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֮ חַי־אָנִי֒ אִם־לֹ֗א אָֽלָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּזָ֔ה וּבְרִיתִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵפִ֑יר וּנְתַתִּ֖יו בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «As I live, it is certainly my oath which he has despised, and my covenant which he has broken, and I will requite it on his head. |
this is what ← thus.
it is certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 17:20 | וּפָרַשְׂתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ רִשְׁתִּ֔י וְנִתְפַּ֖שׂ בִּמְצֽוּדָתִ֑י וַהֲבִיאוֹתִ֣יהוּ בָבֶ֗לָה וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֤י אִתּוֹ֙ שָׁ֔ם מַעֲל֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעַל־בִּֽי׃ | And I will spread my net over him, and he will be caught in my netting, and I will bring him to Babylon, and I will contend with him there for his perversity with which he has acted towards me. | acted ← been perverse. |
| Ezek 17:21 | וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־*מברחו **מִבְרָחָ֤יו בְּכָל־אֲגַפָּיו֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים לְכָל־ר֣וּחַ יִפָּרֵ֑שׂוּ וִידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ ס | And all his men who flee in all his governmental departments will fall by the sword, and those who remain will be scattered to every wind, and you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken.» | his men who flee ← fugitives, already a collective noun, singular in the ketiv, plural in the qeré. |
| Ezek 17:22 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְלָקַ֣חְתִּי אָ֗נִי מִצַּמֶּ֧רֶת הָאֶ֛רֶז הָרָמָ֖ה וְנָתָ֑תִּי מֵרֹ֤אשׁ יֹֽנְקוֹתָיו֙ רַ֣ךְ אֶקְטֹ֔ף וְשָׁתַ֣לְתִּי אָ֔נִי עַ֥ל הַר־גָּבֹ֖הַ וְתָלֽוּל׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «So I for my part will take a piece of the top of the tall cedar tree and set it; I will pluck from the prime of his shoots a tender one, and I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain. |
this is what ← thus.
set: i.e. plant. prime ← head. a tender one: [CB], quoting the Chaldee Targum, i.e. the Messiah, in a future kingdom. |
| Ezek 17:23 | בְּהַ֨ר מְר֤וֹם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶשְׁתֳּלֶ֔נּוּ וְנָשָׂ֤א עָנָף֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶ֔רִי וְהָיָ֖ה לְאֶ֣רֶז אַדִּ֑יר וְשָׁכְנ֣וּ תַחְתָּ֗יו כֹּ֚ל צִפּ֣וֹר כָּל־כָּנָ֔ף בְּצֵ֥ל דָּלִיּוֹתָ֖יו תִּשְׁכֹּֽנָּה׃ | I will plant it on a mountain in the heights of Israel, and it will produce a branch and bear fruit, and it will become a noble cedar, and under it every bird of every kind will dwell – they will dwell in the shadow of its foliage. |
in the heights ← of the height.
kind ← wing. |
| Ezek 17:24 | וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כָּל־עֲצֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ הִשְׁפַּ֣לְתִּי ׀ עֵ֣ץ גָּבֹ֗הַ הִגְבַּ֙הְתִּי֙ עֵ֣ץ שָׁפָ֔ל הוֹבַ֙שְׁתִּי֙ עֵ֣ץ לָ֔ח וְהִפְרַ֖חְתִּי עֵ֣ץ יָבֵ֑שׁ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי׃ פ | And all the wild trees will know that I, the Lord, have brought down a tall tree and have exalted a lowly tree, and that I have caused a fresh tree to dry up and have made a dry tree blossom. I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it.» ’ ” |
wild trees ← trees of the field.
fresh ← moist. |
| Ezek 18:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 18:2 | מַה־לָּכֶ֗ם אַתֶּם֙ מֹֽשְׁלִים֙ אֶת־הַמָּשָׁ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבוֹת֙ יֹ֣אכְלוּ בֹ֔סֶר וְשִׁנֵּ֥י הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּקְהֶֽינָה׃ |
“What are you up to, you who quote this saying about the land of Israel, saying,
‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, And the sons' teeth are on edge’? |
land ← ground.
the fathers have eaten sour grapes (etc.): compare Jer 31:29. |
| Ezek 18:3 | חַי־אָ֕נִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם ע֗וֹד מְשֹׁ֛ל הַמָּשָׁ֥ל הַזֶּ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, you certainly will not have occasion to quote this saying any more in Israel. | certainly will not have: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ezek 18:4 | הֵ֤ן כָּל־הַנְּפָשׁוֹת֙ לִ֣י הֵ֔נָּה כְּנֶ֧פֶשׁ הָאָ֛ב וּכְנֶ֥פֶשׁ הַבֵּ֖ן לִי־הֵ֑נָּה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַחֹטֵ֖את הִ֥יא תָמֽוּת׃ ס |
Look, all individuals are mine. As the individuality of the father is, So is the individuality of the son – They are mine. The individual who sins will die. |
individuals ... individuality ... individuality ... individual ← soul(s). A proof verse to show the falsehood of “the immortal soul”. See Ps 78:50 and note to 1 Cor 15:45. |
| Ezek 18:5 | וְאִ֖ישׁ כִּי־יִהְיֶ֣ה צַדִּ֑יק וְעָשָׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
But a man who is just, And who observes justice and equity, |
observes ← does. |
| Ezek 18:6 | אֶל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ לֹ֣א אָכָ֔ל וְעֵינָיו֙ לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֔א אֶל־גִּלּוּלֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאֶת־אֵ֤שֶׁת רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א טִמֵּ֔א וְאֶל־אִשָּׁ֥ה נִדָּ֖ה לֹ֥א יִקְרָֽב׃ |
Who has not eaten on the mountains, And who has not raised his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, And who has not defiled his neighbour's wife, And who has not approached a woman during her menstruation, |
eaten on the mountains: i.e. in idolatrous observances. |
| Ezek 18:7 | וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃ |
And who does not oppress anyone, Who returns what was given as security for a loan, Who does not commit robbery, Who gives his food to the hungry And covers the naked with clothing, |
anyone ← a man.
what was given as security ← a pledge. food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ezek 18:8 | בַּנֶּ֣שֶׁךְ לֹֽא־יִתֵּ֗ן וְתַרְבִּית֙ לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔ח מֵעָ֖וֶל יָשִׁ֣יב יָד֑וֹ מִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֱמֶת֙ יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ לְאִֽישׁ׃ |
Who does not lend on interest, And who does not take a financial return, Who withdraws his hand from iniquity, Who practices true justice Between one man and another, |
lend ← give.
true justice ← justice of truth, a Hebraic genitive. one man and another ← man to man. |
| Ezek 18:9 | בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֧י יְהַלֵּ֛ךְ וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֥י שָׁמַ֖ר לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֱמֶ֑ת צַדִּ֥יק הוּא֙ חָיֹ֣ה יִֽחְיֶ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
Who walks in my statutes And keeps my judicial pronouncements, By doing what is true – Such a man is just And will certainly live, Says the Lord, the Lord. |
by doing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
such ← he. will certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 18:10 | וְהוֹלִ֥יד בֵּן־פָּרִ֖יץ שֹׁפֵ֣ךְ דָּ֑ם וְעָ֣שָׂה אָ֔ח מֵאַחַ֖ד מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ |
If a man begets an unruly son Who sheds blood, And who does anything resembling any one of these things, |
if: conditional use of the vav. The apodosis is in Ezek 18:13.
anything resembling any one ← a brother from. |
| Ezek 18:11 | וְה֕וּא אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה לֹ֣א עָשָׂ֑ה כִּ֣י גַ֤ם אֶל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ אָכַ֔ל וְאֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת רֵעֵ֖הוּ טִמֵּֽא׃ |
Although the father himself does not do any of these things, But the son for his part eats on the mountains And defiles his neighbour's wife, |
any ← all.
for his part ← also, but with wider scope. eats on the mountains: see Ezek 18:6. |
| Ezek 18:12 | עָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנָ֔ה גְּזֵל֣וֹת גָּזָ֔ל חֲבֹ֖ל לֹ֣א יָשִׁ֑יב וְאֶל־הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ נָשָׂ֣א עֵינָ֔יו תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשָֽׂה׃ |
Oppresses the poor and needy, Commits robbery, Does not return what was given as security And raises his eyes to the idols, Commits an abomination, |
what was given as security ← a pledge. |
| Ezek 18:13 | בַּנֶּ֧שֶׁךְ נָתַ֛ן וְתַרְבִּ֥ית לָקַ֖ח וָחָ֑י לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵב֤וֹת הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת דָּמָ֖יו בּ֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃ |
Lends on interest And takes a financial return – Will the son live? He shall not live; He has committed all these abominations. He shall surely be put to death; His blood will be upon him. |
lends ← gives.
the son ← he. blood ← bloods, but with a singular verb. |
| Ezek 18:14 | וְהִנֵּה֙ הוֹלִ֣יד בֵּ֔ן וַיַּ֕רְא אֶת־כָּל־חַטֹּ֥את אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיִּרְאֶ֕ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כָּהֵֽן׃ |
But if on the other hand a man begets a son, And he sees all his father's sins Which he has committed, And he is discerning And does not do anything like them – |
but if on the other hand ← and behold. |
| Ezek 18:15 | עַל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ לֹ֣א אָכָ֔ל וְעֵינָיו֙ לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֔א אֶל־גִּלּוּלֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת רֵעֵ֖הוּ לֹ֥א טִמֵּֽא׃ |
He does not eat on the mountains, And he does not raise his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, And he does not defile his neighbour's wife, |
|
| Ezek 18:16 | וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א הוֹנָ֔ה חֲבֹל֙ לֹ֣א חָבָ֔ל וּגְזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א גָזָ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב נָתָ֔ן וְעֵר֖וֹם כִּסָּה־בָֽגֶד׃ |
And he does not oppress anyone, He does not withhold what is taken as security, He does not commit robbery, He gives his food to the hungry, And he covers the naked with clothing, |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ezek 18:17 | מֵעָנִ֞י הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֗וֹ נֶ֤שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּית֙ לֹ֣א לָקָ֔ח מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י עָשָׂ֔ה בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֖י הָלָ֑ךְ ה֗וּא לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת בַּעֲוֺ֥ן אָבִ֖יו חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶֽה׃ |
He withdraws his hand from demanding payment from the poor, He does not take interest and financial return, He observes my judicial pronouncements, And he walks in my statutes, Then he will not die in the iniquity of his father; The son will certainly live. |
the son will certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 18:18 | אָבִ֞יו כִּֽי־עָ֣שַׁק עֹ֗שֶׁק גָּזַל֙ גֵּ֣זֶל אָ֔ח וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ט֛וֹב עָשָׂ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ עַמָּ֑יו וְהִנֵּה־מֵ֖ת בַּעֲוֺנֽוֹ׃ |
As for his father, Since he engaged in oppression And committed robbery of his brother And did what is not right among his people, The result is that he will die in his iniquity. |
people ← peoples.
the result is that ← and behold. |
| Ezek 18:19 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם מַדֻּ֛עַ לֹא־נָשָׂ֥א הַבֵּ֖ן בַּעֲוֺ֣ן הָאָ֑ב וְהַבֵּ֞ן מִשְׁפָּ֧ט וּצְדָקָ֣ה עָשָׂ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־חֻקּוֹתַ֥י שָׁמַ֛ר וַיַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶֽה׃ | But you will say, ‘Why does the son not bear the iniquity of the father?’ If the son executes justice and righteousness and keeps all my statutes, and he does them, he will surely live. |
if: conditional use of the vav.
he will surely live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 18:20 | הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַחֹטֵ֖את הִ֣יא תָמ֑וּת בֵּ֞ן לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א ׀ בַּעֲוֺ֣ן הָאָ֗ב וְאָב֙ לֹ֤א יִשָּׂא֙ בַּעֲוֺ֣ן הַבֵּ֔ן צִדְקַ֤ת הַצַּדִּיק֙ עָלָ֣יו תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְרִשְׁעַ֥ת *רשע **הָרָשָׁ֖ע עָלָ֥יו תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃ ס | The person who sins will die. The son will not bear the iniquity of the father, and the father will not bear the iniquity of the son. The righteousness of the righteous man will be upon him, and the wickedness of {K: the} [Q: the] wicked man will be upon him. | person ← soul. See Ezek 18:4 and 1 Cor 15:45. |
| Ezek 18:21 | וְהָרָשָׁ֗ע כִּ֤י יָשׁוּב֙ מִכָּל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְשָׁמַר֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֻקּוֹתַ֔י וְעָשָׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָ֑ה חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃ | And as for the wicked man, if he turns away from all his {K: sin} [Q: sins] which he has committed, and he keeps all my statutes, and he observes justice and righteousness, he will certainly live; he shall not die. | will certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 18:22 | כָּל־פְּשָׁעָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לֹ֥א יִזָּכְר֖וּ ל֑וֹ בְּצִדְקָת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | None of his transgressions which he has committed will be made mention of against him. He will live in his righteousness which he has done. | none ← not all. |
| Ezek 18:23 | הֶחָפֹ֤ץ אֶחְפֹּץ֙ מ֣וֹת רָשָׁ֔ע נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הֲל֛וֹא בְּשׁוּב֥וֹ מִדְּרָכָ֖יו וְחָיָֽה׃ ס | Do I have any pleasure at all in the death of a wicked man? says my Lord the Lord. Is it not rather in him turning away from his ways, so that he lives? |
do I have any pleasure at all: infinitive absolute.
so that: purposive / consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Ezek 18:24 | וּבְשׁ֨וּב צַדִּ֤יק מִצִּדְקָתוֹ֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֔וֶל כְּכֹ֨ל הַתּוֹעֵב֜וֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֧ה הָרָשָׁ֛ע יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה וָחָ֑י כָּל־*צדקתו **צִדְקֹתָ֤יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ לֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֔רְנָה בְּמַעֲל֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־מָעַ֛ל וּבְחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א בָּ֥ם יָמֽוּת׃ | But when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits injustice such as all the abominations which the wicked man does, will he live? None of his {K: righteousness} [Q: righteous deeds] which he did will be made mention of. It is in his perverseness which he has displayed and in his sins by which he has sinned that he will die. |
will be made mention of: plural, concordant with qeré.
none ← not all. |
| Ezek 18:25 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵ֖ן דֶּ֣רֶךְ אֲדֹנָ֑י שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֲדַרְכִּי֙ לֹ֣א יִתָּכֵ֔ן הֲלֹ֥א דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵֽנוּ׃ | But you say, ‘The way of the Lord* is not fair.’ Well, hear, O house of Israel. Is my way not fair? Is it not your ways which are not fair? | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ezek 18:26 | בְּשׁוּב־צַדִּ֧יק מִצִּדְקָת֛וֹ וְעָ֥שָׂה עָ֖וֶל וּמֵ֣ת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם בְּעַוְל֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יָמֽוּת׃ ס | When a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and displays perverseness and dies in these things, he will die in his perverseness which he displayed. | these things ← them. |
| Ezek 18:27 | וּבְשׁ֣וּב רָשָׁ֗ע מֵֽרִשְׁעָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָ֑ה ה֖וּא אֶת־נַפְשׁ֥וֹ יְחַיֶּֽה׃ | And when a wicked man turns away from his wickedness which he has committed, and he observes justice and righteousness, he will preserve his life, | life ← soul. |
| Ezek 18:28 | וַיִּרְאֶ֣ה *וישוב **וַיָּ֔שָׁב מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה חָי֥וֹ יִחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃ | for he has reviewed things and turned away from all his transgressions which he committed. He will certainly live; he shall not die. |
and turned away: the ketiv can be regarded as (rare) scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
reviewed ← viewed. See Ps 22:31 (Ps 22:30AV). he will certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 18:29 | וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵ֖ן דֶּ֣רֶךְ אֲדֹנָ֑י הַדְּרָכַ֞י לֹ֤א יִתָּֽכְנּוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֲלֹ֥א דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵֽן׃ | But the house of Israel says, ‘The way of the Lord* is not fair.’ Are my ways not fair, O house of Israel? Are not your ways unfair? | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ezek 18:30 | לָכֵן֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּדְרָכָ֜יו אֶשְׁפֹּ֤ט אֶתְכֶם֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה שׁ֤וּבוּ וְהָשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ מִכָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם לְמִכְשׁ֖וֹל עָוֺֽן׃ | So I will judge you according to each one's ways, O house of Israel, says the Lord, the Lord. Turn away and withdraw from all your transgressions, so that iniquity will not be a stumbling block to you. | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ezek 18:31 | הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Cast all your transgressions by which you have transgressed away from you, and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit, for why should you die, O house of Israel? | |
| Ezek 18:32 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הַמֵּ֔ת נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָשִׁ֖יבוּ וִֽחְיֽוּ׃ פ | For I do not take pleasure in the death of him who dies, says the Lord, the Lord. So turn back and live. | |
| Ezek 19:1 | וְאַתָּה֙ שָׂ֣א קִינָ֔ה אֶל־נְשִׂיאֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for you, deliver a lamentation to the leading men of Israel, | For an interpretation of this chapter, see [CB]. |
| Ezek 19:2 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ מָ֤ה אִמְּךָ֙ לְבִיָּ֔א בֵּ֥ין אֲרָי֖וֹת רָבָ֑צָה בְּת֥וֹךְ כְּפִרִ֖ים רִבְּתָ֥ה גוּרֶֽיהָ׃ |
and say,
‘What is your mother? A lioness which lies down among the lions And brings up her cubs among the young lions. |
|
| Ezek 19:3 | וַתַּ֛עַל אֶחָ֥ד מִגֻּרֶ֖יהָ כְּפִ֣יר הָיָ֑ה וַיִּלְמַ֥ד לִטְרָף־טֶ֖רֶף אָדָ֥ם אָכָֽל׃ |
And she brought up one of her cubs; It became a young lion And learned to catch prey. It ate a man. |
|
| Ezek 19:4 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו גּוֹיִ֖ם בְּשַׁחְתָּ֣ם נִתְפָּ֑שׂ וַיְבִאֻ֥הוּ בַֽחַחִ֖ים אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
The nations heard of it; It was caught in their pit, And they brought it with hooks to the land of Egypt. |
|
| Ezek 19:5 | וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ כִּ֣י נֽוֹחֲלָ֔ה אָבְדָ֖ה תִּקְוָתָ֑הּ וַתִּקַּ֛ח אֶחָ֥ד מִגֻּרֶ֖יהָ כְּפִ֥יר שָׂמָֽתְהוּ׃ |
And the lioness realized after waiting That her hope was lost, And she took another of her cubs And made it a young lion. |
realized after waiting ← saw that she had waited.
another ← one. |
| Ezek 19:6 | וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בְּתוֹךְ־אֲרָי֖וֹת כְּפִ֣יר הָיָ֑ה וַיִּלְמַ֥ד לִטְרָף־טֶ֖רֶף אָדָ֥ם אָכָֽל׃ |
So it walked around among the lions And became a young lion, And it learned to catch prey. It ate a man. |
|
| Ezek 19:7 | וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ אַלְמְנוֹתָ֔יו וְעָרֵיהֶ֖ם הֶחֱרִ֑יב וַתֵּ֤שַׁם אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ מִקּ֖וֹל שַׁאֲגָתֽוֹ׃ |
And it knew its desolate haunts, And it laid their cities waste, And the land and its fulness were devastated By the sound of its roaring. |
desolate haunts: compare Isa 13:22. AV differs (palaces), from אַרְמוֹן. |
| Ezek 19:8 | וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ עָלָ֥יו גּוֹיִ֛ם סָבִ֖יב מִמְּדִינ֑וֹת וַֽיִּפְרְשׂ֥וּ עָלָ֛יו רִשְׁתָּ֖ם בְּשַׁחְתָּ֥ם נִתְפָּֽשׂ׃ |
Then the nations took action against it, Round about from various countries. And they spread their net against it. It was caught in their pit, |
took action ← gave; put; appoint. |
| Ezek 19:9 | וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֤הוּ בַסּוּגַר֙ בַּֽחַחִ֔ים וַיְבִאֻ֖הוּ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל יְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ בַּמְּצֹד֔וֹת לְמַ֗עַן לֹא־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע קוֹל֛וֹ ע֖וֹד אֶל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ |
And they put it in a cage using hooks, And they brought it to the king of Babylon. They brought it in nets So that its voice would no longer be heard On the mountains of Israel. |
using ← by. |
| Ezek 19:10 | אִמְּךָ֥ כַגֶּ֛פֶן בְּדָמְךָ֖ עַל־מַ֣יִם שְׁתוּלָ֑ה פֹּֽרִיָּה֙ וַֽעֲנֵפָ֔ה הָיְתָ֖ה מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
Your mother is like a vine Planted in your blood by water. She became fruitful and full of branches Due to the abundant water. |
|
| Ezek 19:11 | וַיִּֽהְיוּ־לָ֞הּ מַטּ֣וֹת עֹ֗ז אֶל־שִׁבְטֵי֙ מֹֽשְׁלִ֔ים וַתִּגְבַּ֥הּ קֽוֹמָת֖וֹ עַל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֑ים וַיֵּרָ֣א בְגָבְה֔וֹ בְּרֹ֖ב דָּלִיֹּתָֽיו׃ |
And she had strong branches For the sceptres of rulers, And its height became great Among the thick branch growth, And it appeared in its height With the abundance of its branches. |
strong branches ← rods of strength, a Hebraic genitive.
its height: the possessive suffix is masculine. great ← high. |
| Ezek 19:12 | וַתֻּתַּ֤שׁ בְּחֵמָה֙ לָאָ֣רֶץ הֻשְׁלָ֔כָה וְר֥וּחַ הַקָּדִ֖ים הוֹבִ֣ישׁ פִּרְיָ֑הּ הִתְפָּרְק֧וּ וְיָבֵ֛שׁוּ מַטֵּ֥ה עֻזָּ֖הּ אֵ֥שׁ אֲכָלָֽתְהוּ׃ |
But she was plucked up in fury; She was cast down to the ground, And the east wind dried her fruit up. Her strong branches broke apart and dried up, And a fire consumed it. |
strong branches ← rod of strength.
it ← masculine. |
| Ezek 19:13 | וְעַתָּ֖ה שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ צִיָּ֥ה וְצָמָֽא׃ |
And now she has been planted in the desert, In an arid and thirsty land. |
arid and thirsty land ← land of aridity and thirst, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 19:14 | וַתֵּצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִמַּטֵּ֤ה בַדֶּ֙יהָ֙ פִּרְיָ֣הּ אָכָ֔לָה וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה בָ֛הּ מַטֵּה־עֹ֖ז שֵׁ֣בֶט לִמְשׁ֑וֹל קִ֥ינָה הִ֖יא וַתְּהִ֥י לְקִינָֽה׃ פ |
And fire spread from the stem of her branches; It consumed her fruit, And there was no strong branch in her – No sceptre for ruling. This is a lamentation, And a lamentation it has become.’ ” |
strong branch ← branch of strength.
lamentation ... lamentation: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ezek 20:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ית בַּֽחֲמִשִׁי֙ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ בָּ֧אוּ אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ לְפָנָֽי׃ ס | Then it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, that some of the elders of Israel came to consult the Lord, and they sat before me. | some ← men. |
| Ezek 20:2 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 20:3 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶת־זִקְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הֲלִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֹתִ֖י אַתֶּ֣ם בָּאִ֑ים חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ אִם־אִדָּרֵ֣שׁ לָכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, speak with the elders of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Have you come to consult me? As I live, I will certainly not be consulted by you, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ |
this is what ← thus.
I will certainly not be consulted: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ezek 20:4 | הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֹתָ֔ם הֲתִשְׁפּ֖וֹט בֶּן־אָדָ֑ם אֶת־תּוֹעֲבֹ֥ת אֲבוֹתָ֖ם הוֹדִיעֵֽם׃ | Will you judge them, will you be the judge, son of Adam? Have them know the abominations of their fathers, | |
| Ezek 20:5 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ בְּיוֹם֙ בָּחֳרִ֣י בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וָאֶשָּׂ֣א יָדִ֗י לְזֶ֙רַע֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וָאִוָּדַ֥ע לָהֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֨א יָדִ֤י לָהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «On the day when I chose Israel, I both raised my hand to the seed of the house of Jacob, and I made myself known to them in the land of Egypt. And I raised my hand to them and said, ‹I am the Lord your God.› |
this is what ← thus.
raised my hand (2x): i.e., [CB], swore. |
| Ezek 20:6 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נָשָׂ֤אתִי יָדִי֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְהֽוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֶל־אֶ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֣רְתִּי לָהֶ֗ם זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | On that day I raised my hand to them that I would bring them out of the land of Egypt to a land which I have destined for them, flowing with milk and honey. It is a beacon of splendour to all the various countries. |
raised my hand: i.e., [CB], swore.
flowing with ← flowing of. Wider use of the construct state. splendour: the word has a primary meaning of gazelle. Compare Dan 8:9. |
| Ezek 20:7 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אִ֣ישׁ שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵינָיו֙ הַשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם אַל־תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I said to them, ‹Let each man cast away his abominable-looking things, and do not defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.› | his abominable-looking things ← abominations of his eyes. |
| Ezek 20:8 | וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | But they rebelled against me and were not willing to heed me. They did not each cast away their abominable-looking things, and they did not abandon the idols of Egypt. And I said I would pour my wrath out over them, to expend my anger on them, within the land of Egypt. | abominable-looking things: see Ezek 20:7. |
| Ezek 20:9 | וָאַ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֔י לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֵחֵ֛ל לְעֵינֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣מָּה בְתוֹכָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נוֹדַ֤עְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לְעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | But I acted for the sake of my name, so that it should not be profaned in the eyes of the nations which are among them, in whose sight I have been made known to them by bringing them out of the land of Egypt. |
be profaned: niphal of חָלַל (not recognized by [YLT]).
among them ← within them. by bringing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezek 20:10 | וָאֽוֹצִיאֵ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֲבִאֵ֖ם אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | So I brought them out of the land of Egypt, and I brought them to the desert, | |
| Ezek 20:11 | וָאֶתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֔י וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֖י הוֹדַ֣עְתִּי אוֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֥י בָּהֶֽם׃ | and I gave them my statutes, and I made my judicial principles known to them, which a man shall observe and live by. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:12 | וְגַ֤ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם לִהְי֣וֹת לְא֔וֹת בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ | And I also gave them my Sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, for them to know that I, the Lord, sanctify them. | |
| Ezek 20:13 | וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֨י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֨י לֹא־הָלָ֜כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלְּל֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ חֲמָתִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לְכַלּוֹתָֽם׃ | But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the desert. They did not walk in my statutes, and they rejected my judicial principles, which a man shall observe and live by, and they profaned my Sabbaths a lot. So I said I would pour my fury out over them in the desert, to make an end of them. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:14 | וָאֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹצֵאתִ֖ים לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I acted for the sake of my name, so that it should not be profaned in the eyes of the nations in whose sight I brought them out. | be profaned: see Ezek 20:9. |
| Ezek 20:15 | וְגַם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְבִלְתִּי֩ הָבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜ם אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֗תִּי זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | And I also raised my hand to them in the desert that I would not bring them to the land which I have given them – flowing with milk and honey, a beacon of splendour to all the various countries – |
raised my hand: i.e., [CB], swore.
bring them: i.e. bring that particular generation. splendour: see Ezek 20:6. |
| Ezek 20:16 | יַ֜עַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י מָאָ֗סוּ וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַי֙ לֹא־הָלְכ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ כִּ֛י אַחֲרֵ֥י גִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם לִבָּ֥ם הֹלֵֽךְ׃ | because they rejected my judicial principles and did not walk in my statutes and profaned my Sabbaths, for their heart would go after their idols, | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:17 | וַתָּ֧חָס עֵינִ֛י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִֽשַּׁחֲתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־עָשִׂ֧יתִי אוֹתָ֛ם כָּלָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | but my eye spared them from me destroying them, and I did not make an end of them in the desert. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
me destroying them: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezek 20:18 | וָאֹמַ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּחוּקֵּ֤י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אַל־תֵּלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם אַל־תִּטַּמָּֽאוּ׃ | And I said to their sons in the desert, ‹Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers, and do not keep their judicial principles, and do not defile yourselves with their idols. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:19 | אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֖י לֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י שִׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽם׃ | I am the Lord your God. Walk in my statutes, and keep my judicial principles, and observe them. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:20 | וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י קַדֵּ֑שׁוּ וְהָי֤וּ לְאוֹת֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם לָדַ֕עַת כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And sanctify my Sabbaths, so that they are a sign between me and you, for you to know that I am the Lord your God.› | |
| Ezek 20:21 | וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֣י הַבָּנִ֗ים בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֣י לֹֽא־הָ֠לָכוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֨י לֹא־שָׁמְר֜וּ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אוֹתָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֥וֹת אַפִּ֛י בָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | But the sons rebelled against me. They did not walk in my statutes, and they did not keep my judicial principles, observing them, which a man shall observe and live by. They profaned my Sabbaths, and I said I would pour my fury out over them, to expend my anger on them in the desert. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:22 | וַהֲשִׁבֹ֙תִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י וָאַ֖עַשׂ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֵחֵל֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אוֹתָ֖ם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | But I withdrew my hand, and I acted for the sake of my name, so as not to be profaned in the eyes of the Gentiles in whose sight I brought them out. | to be profaned: see Ezek 20:9. |
| Ezek 20:23 | גַּם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי אֶת־יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְהָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וּלְזָר֥וֹת אוֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | I also raised my hand to them in the desert that I would scatter them among the Gentiles, and to disperse them in the various countries, | raised my hand: i.e., [CB], swore. |
| Ezek 20:24 | יַ֜עַן מִשְׁפָּטַ֤י לֹֽא־עָשׂוּ֙ וְחֻקּוֹתַ֣י מָאָ֔סוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וְאַחֲרֵי֙ גִּלּוּלֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֔ם הָי֖וּ עֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | because they did not observe my judicial principles, and they rejected my statutes, and they profaned my Sabbaths, and their eyes were after the idols of their fathers. | judicial principles ← judgments. |
| Ezek 20:25 | וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים לֹ֣א טוֹבִ֑ים וּמִ֨שְׁפָּטִ֔ים לֹ֥א יִֽחְי֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ | And I also gave them statutes for what is not good, and judicial principles by which they should not live. |
statutes: i.e., here, prohibitions.
judicial principles ← judgments, but here, again, prohibitions. |
| Ezek 20:26 | וָאֲטַמֵּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ בְּמַתְּנוֹתָ֔ם בְּהַעֲבִ֖יר כָּל־פֶּ֣טֶר רָ֑חַם לְמַ֣עַן אֲשִׁמֵּ֔ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽדְע֔וּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | So I defiled them by their own gifts when they caused all who open the womb to pass through fire, so that I should lay them waste, so that they might know that I am the Lord.» ’ |
who open the womb: i.e. firstborn.
to pass through fire: explicitly fire in Deut 18:10, Ezek 20:31. |
| Ezek 20:27 | לָכֵ֞ן דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶל־בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בֶּן־אָדָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה ע֗וֹד זֹ֚את גִּדְּפ֤וּ אוֹתִי֙ אֲב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֥ם בִּ֖י מָֽעַל׃ | Therefore, son of Adam, speak to the house of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Your fathers snubbed me even in this way: when they displayed perverseness against me. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 20:28 | וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ | When I brought them into the land concerning which I had raised my hand to give it to them, they saw every high hill and every dense tree, and they offered their sacrifices there, and there they aroused anger because of their oblations, and they produced their sweet fragrances there, and they poured their libations out there. |
raised my hand: i.e., [CB], swore.
offered ← sacrificed. aroused ← gave; put; appointed. |
| Ezek 20:29 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מָ֣ה הַבָּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם הַבָּאִ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וַיִּקָּרֵ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And I said to them, ‹What is that idolatrous raised site over there which you are going to?› And it is called Bamah up to this day.» ’ |
that ← the.
Bamah: i.e. raised site. |
| Ezek 20:30 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר ׀ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הַבְּדֶ֥רֶךְ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֣ם נִטְמְאִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֥י שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִֽים׃ | So say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Are you making yourselves unclean in the way of your fathers, and are you engaging in prostitution, copying their abominations? |
this is what ← thus.
copying ← after. |
| Ezek 20:31 | וּבִשְׂאֵ֣ת מַתְּנֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם בְּֽהַעֲבִיר֩ בְּנֵיכֶ֨ם בָּאֵ֜שׁ אַתֶּם֩ נִטְמְאִ֤֨ים לְכָל־גִּלּֽוּלֵיכֶם֙ עַד־הַיּ֔וֹם וַאֲנִ֛י אִדָּרֵ֥שׁ לָכֶ֖ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־אִדָּרֵ֖שׁ לָכֶֽם׃ | For when you raise your offerings, when you make your sons pass through fire, you defile yourselves with all your idolatrous practices, as you have been doing up to this day. So shall I be consulted by you, O house of Israel? As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, I will certainly not be consulted by you. |
offerings ← gifts.
idolatrous practices ← idols. I will certainly not be consulted: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ezek 20:32 | וְהָֽעֹלָה֙ עַל־ר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם הָי֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִֽהְיֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים נִֽהְיֶ֤ה כַגּוֹיִם֙ כְּמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת לְשָׁרֵ֖ת עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃ | And as for what springs to your mind, it certainly will not come to pass, when you say, ‹We will be like the Gentiles, like the families of the various countries, serving wood and stone.› |
mind ← spirit.
certainly will not come to pass: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 20:33 | חַי־אָ֕נִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה אִם־לֹ֠א בְּיָ֨ד חֲזָקָ֜ה וּבִזְר֧וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֛ה וּבְחֵמָ֥ה שְׁפוּכָ֖ה אֶמְל֥וֹךְ עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, I will certainly reign over you with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm, and with fury poured out. | I will certainly reign: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 20:34 | וְהוֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְקִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִן־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְפוֹצֹתֶ֖ם בָּ֑ם בְּיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְחֵמָ֖ה שְׁפוּכָֽה׃ | And I will bring you out of the various peoples, and I will gather you from the various countries in which you have been scattered, with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm and with fury poured out. | |
| Ezek 20:35 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־מִדְבַּ֖ר הָֽעַמִּ֑ים וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֤י אִתְּכֶם֙ שָׁ֔ם פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃ | And I will bring you to the place of discourse of the various peoples, and I will contend with you there face to face. | place of discourse: compare Song 4:3 (speech). Alternatively, the more common meaning, desert, as AV (wilderness). So AV differs. |
| Ezek 20:36 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁפַּ֙טְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֲב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כֵּ֚ן אִשָּׁפֵ֣ט אִתְּכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | As I contended with your fathers in the desert of the land of Egypt, so I will contend with you, says the Lord, the Lord. | desert: a play on words; see Ezek 20:35. |
| Ezek 20:37 | וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּמָסֹ֥רֶת הַבְּרִֽית׃ | And I will make sure you pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the terms of the covenant. |
pass under the rod: i.e. are counted, as sheep are counted.
terms ← bond, obligation. |
| Ezek 20:38 | וּבָרוֹתִ֣י מִכֶּ֗ם הַמֹּרְדִ֤ים וְהַפּֽוֹשְׁעִים֙ בִּ֔י מֵאֶ֤רֶץ מְגֽוּרֵיהֶם֙ אוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָ֔ם וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֣א יָב֑וֹא וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will purge from you those who are rebellious and those who transgress against me. I will remove them from the land of their residence, and they shall not come into the land of Israel, and you will know that I am the Lord.» | they shall not come ← he (→ such a one) shall not come. |
| Ezek 20:39 | וְאַתֶּ֨ם בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה אִ֤ישׁ גִּלּוּלָיו֙ לְכ֣וּ עֲבֹ֔דוּ וְאַחַ֕ר אִם־אֵינְכֶ֖ם שֹׁמְעִ֣ים אֵלָ֑י וְאֶת־שֵׁ֤ם קָדְשִׁי֙ לֹ֣א תְחַלְּלוּ־ע֔וֹד בְּמַתְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וּבְגִלּוּלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And as for you, O house of Israel, this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Let each man go and serve his idols, and afterwards if you will not heed me. But do not profane my holy name any more with your gifts and with your idols. |
this is what ← thus.
let each man go and serve his idols: ironic. |
| Ezek 20:40 | כִּ֣י בְהַר־קָדְשִׁ֞י בְּהַ֣ר ׀ מְר֣וֹם יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה שָׁ֣ם יַעַבְדֻ֜נִי כָּל־בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל כֻּלֹּ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ שָׁ֣ם אֶרְצֵ֔ם וְשָׁ֞ם אֶדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת־תְּרוּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְאֶת־רֵאשִׁ֛ית מַשְׂאוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־קָדְשֵׁיכֶֽם׃ | For in my holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel, says the Lord, the Lord, there the whole house of Israel will serve me, all of it in the land. There I will delight in them, and there I will require your heave-offerings and your prime gifts, in all your holy dealings. | |
| Ezek 20:41 | בְּרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹחַ֮ אֶרְצֶ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֒ בְּהוֹצִיאִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְקִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִן־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְפֹצֹתֶ֖ם בָּ֑ם וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּ֥י בָכֶ֖ם לְעֵינֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | With a fragrant scent I will delight in you, when I bring you out of the various peoples, and I gather you from the countries in which you have been scattered. And I will be sanctified in you in the sight of the Gentiles. | |
| Ezek 20:42 | וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּהֲבִיאִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֶל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And you will know that I am the Lord when I bring you to the ground of Israel, to the land for which I raised my hand to give it to your fathers. | raised my hand: i.e., [CB], swore. |
| Ezek 20:43 | וּזְכַרְתֶּם־שָׁ֗ם אֶת־דַּרְכֵיכֶם֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־עֲלִיל֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִטְמֵאתֶ֖ם בָּ֑ם וּנְקֹֽטֹתֶם֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־רָעוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | And there you will remember your ways and all your deeds by which you defiled yourselves, and you will loathe yourselves in facing up to yourselves for all your wicked things which you have done. |
defiled yourselves: or were defiled. [BDB] allows both. Also in Ezek 20:30, Ezek 20:31.
in facing up to yourselves ← before you. |
| Ezek 20:44 | וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּעֲשׂוֹתִ֥י אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמִ֑י לֹא֩ כְדַרְכֵיכֶ֨ם הָרָעִ֜ים וְכַעֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֤ם הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And you will know that I am the Lord when I take action with you for my name's sake, not according to your bad ways or according to your corrupted deeds, O house of Israel, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 21:1 Ezek 20:45AV |
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 21:2 Ezek 20:46AV |
בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ תֵּימָ֔נָה וְהַטֵּ֖ף אֶל־דָּר֑וֹם וְהִנָּבֵ֛א אֶל־יַ֥עַר הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה נֶֽגֶב׃ | “Son of Adam, face towards the south, and prophesy to the south, and prophesy to the forest of the field in the south. |
face towards ← set your face the way of.
prophesy (first occurrence in verse) ← distil, metaphorically of prophecy. |
| Ezek 21:3 Ezek 20:47AV |
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְיַ֣עַר הַנֶּ֔גֶב שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה הִנְנִ֣י מַֽצִּית־בְּךָ֣ ׀ אֵ֡שׁ וְאָכְלָ֣ה בְךָ֣ כָל־עֵֽץ־לַח֩ וְכָל־עֵ֨ץ יָבֵ֤שׁ לֹֽא־תִכְבֶּה֙ לַהֶ֣בֶת שַׁלְהֶ֔בֶת וְנִצְרְבוּ־בָ֥הּ כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים מִנֶּ֥גֶב צָפֽוֹנָה׃ | And say to the forest in the south, ‘Hear the word of the Lord. This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am about to light a fire against you, and it will consume every moist tree and every dry tree in your precincts. The blazing flame will not be extinguished, and all faces from the south to the north will be scorched by it. |
in the south ← of the south.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. in your precincts ← in you. |
| Ezek 21:4 Ezek 20:48AV |
וְרָאוּ֙ כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בִּֽעַרְתִּ֑יהָ לֹ֖א תִּכְבֶּֽה׃ | All flesh will see that I, the Lord, burnt it. It will not be extinguished.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 21:5 Ezek 20:49AV |
וָאֹמַ֕ר אֲהָ֖הּ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הֵ֚מָּה אֹמְרִ֣ים לִ֔י הֲלֹ֛א מְמַשֵּׁ֥ל מְשָׁלִ֖ים הֽוּא׃ פ | Then I said, “Alas, my Lord the Lord, they are saying of me, ‘Is he not speaking proverbially?’ ” | speaking proverbially ← “proverbing” proverbs. |
| Ezek 21:6 Ezek 21:1AV |
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 21:7 Ezek 21:2AV |
בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהַטֵּ֖ף אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֑ים וְהִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | “Son of Adam, face towards Jerusalem and prophesy to the sanctuary, and prophesy to the ground of Israel, |
face towards ← set your face to.
prophesy (first occurrence in verse): see Ezek 21:2 (Ezek 20:46AV). sanctuary ← holies. |
| Ezek 21:8 Ezek 21:3AV |
וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ לְאַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֔יִךְ וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י חַרְבִּ֖י מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֵּ֖ךְ צַדִּ֥יק וְרָשָֽׁע׃ | and say to the ground of Israel, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am here against you, and I will draw out my sword from its sheath, and I will cut the righteous and the wicked off from you. |
this is what ← thus.
I am here ← behold me. |
| Ezek 21:9 Ezek 21:4AV |
יַ֛עַן אֲשֶׁר־הִכְרַ֥תִּי מִמֵּ֖ךְ צַדִּ֣יק וְרָשָׁ֑ע לָ֠כֵן תֵּצֵ֨א חַרְבִּ֧י מִתַּעְרָ֛הּ אֶל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר מִנֶּ֥גֶב צָפֽוֹן׃ | Since I will cut the righteous and the wicked off from you, my sword will come out of its sheath against all flesh from the south to the north. | |
| Ezek 21:10 Ezek 21:5AV |
וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה הוֹצֵ֥אתִי חַרְבִּ֖י מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב עֽוֹד׃ ס | And all flesh will know that I, the Lord, have drawn my sword out from its sheath. It will no longer return.» ’ | |
| Ezek 21:11 Ezek 21:6AV |
וְאַתָּ֥ה בֶן־אָדָ֖ם הֵֽאָנַ֑ח בְּשִׁבְר֤וֹן מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ וּבִמְרִיר֔וּת תֵּֽאָנַ֖ח לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And you, son of Adam, give a sigh. Sigh before their eyes, with churning of your stomach and in bitterness. |
give a sigh ← sigh (imperative).
churning of your stomach ← breaking the waist. |
| Ezek 21:12 Ezek 21:7AV |
וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ עַל־מָ֖ה אַתָּ֣ה נֶאֱנָ֑ח וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ אֶל־שְׁמוּעָ֣ה כִֽי־בָאָ֡ה וְנָמֵ֣ס כָּל־לֵב֩ וְרָפ֨וּ כָל־יָדַ֜יִם וְכִהֲתָ֣ה כָל־ר֗וּחַ וְכָל־בִּרְכַּ֙יִם֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה מַּ֔יִם הִנֵּ֤ה בָאָה֙ וְנִֽהְיָ֔תָה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And it will come to pass, when they say to you, ‘What are you sighing for?’, that you will say, ‘Concerning the report, for it is coming, when every heart will sink, and all hands will droop, and every mood will be dejected, and all knees will dissolve like water. Behold, it is coming, and it will be brought to pass, says my Lord the Lord.’ ” |
sink ← melt, but not the word for dissolve below, and not the word for melt in Ezek 21:20 (Ezek 21:15AV).
mood ← spirit. dejected ← dim. dissolve ← go, run, flow. |
| Ezek 21:13 Ezek 21:8AV |
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 21:14 Ezek 21:9AV |
בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵא֙ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֑י אֱמֹ֕ר חֶ֥רֶב חֶ֛רֶב הוּחַ֖דָּה וְגַם־מְרוּטָֽה׃ |
“Son of Adam, prophesy and say, ‘This is what the Lord* says.’ Say,
‘A sword, a sword has been sharpened And also polished. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32, where it is shown as Ezek 21:13 (Ezek 21:8AV).
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 21:15 Ezek 21:10AV |
לְמַ֨עַן טְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ הוּחַ֔דָּה לְמַעַן־הֱיֵה־לָ֥הּ בָּ֖רָק מֹרָ֑טָּה א֣וֹ נָשִׂ֔ישׂ שֵׁ֥בֶט בְּנִ֖י מֹאֶ֥סֶת כָּל־עֵֽץ׃ |
It has been sharpened to carry out slaughter. And it is so that it may have a glitter to it That it has been polished. Or should we rejoice in the sceptre of my son? The sword despises all wood. |
to carry out slaughter ← to slaughter with slaughter.
my son: i.e., [CB], Judah. AV differs in word grouping (should we then make mirth? it contemneth the rod of my son, as every tree). |
| Ezek 21:16 Ezek 21:11AV |
וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛הּ לְמָרְטָ֖ה לִתְפֹּ֣שׂ בַּכָּ֑ף הִֽיא־הוּחַ֤דָּה חֶ֙רֶב֙ וְהִ֣יא מֹרָ֔טָּה לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּיַד־הוֹרֵֽג׃ |
And he has committed it to polishing, To be held in the hand. It is a sword which has been sharpened, And it has been polished, For it to be placed in the hand of the killer.’ |
to be held ← to hold, for holding.
it to be placed ← to give / place it. the killer: i.e., [CB], the king of Babylon. |
| Ezek 21:17 Ezek 21:12AV |
זְעַ֤ק וְהֵילֵל֙ בֶּן־אָדָ֔ם כִּי־הִיא֙ הָיתָ֣ה בְעַמִּ֔י הִ֖יא בְּכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מְגוּרֵ֤י אֶל־חֶ֙רֶב֙ הָי֣וּ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י לָכֵ֖ן סְפֹ֥ק אֶל־יָרֵֽךְ׃ |
Cry out and howl, Son of Adam, For it will be against my people. It will be against all the officials of Israel. My people will be delivered to the sword, So slap your thigh. |
|
| Ezek 21:18 Ezek 21:13AV |
כִּ֣י בֹ֔חַן וּמָ֕ה אִם־גַּם־שֵׁ֥בֶט מֹאֶ֖סֶת לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶ֑ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ |
For it is a trial. For what will happen when even the sceptre, Which the sword despises, Is not in existence? Says the Lord, the Lord. |
sceptre ... despises: we assume the king had a wooden sceptre.
AV differs somewhat. We take the sense as ending the reign of the line of David at Jeconiah and Zedekiah until Christ. |
| Ezek 21:19 Ezek 21:14AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הִנָּבֵ֕א וְהַ֖ךְ כַּ֣ף אֶל־כָּ֑ף וְתִכָּפֵ֞ל חֶ֤רֶב שְׁלִישִׁ֙תָה֙ חֶ֣רֶב חֲלָלִ֔ים הִ֗יא חֶ֚רֶב חָלָ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל הַחֹדֶ֖רֶת לָהֶֽם׃ |
And you, son of Adam, prophesy, And strike hand against hand, And let the sword do double work Or triple work. It is a sword for making casualties, A sword for great loss of life, Closing in on them. |
do double work ... or triple work ← be doubled (or) third time. |
| Ezek 21:20 Ezek 21:15AV |
לְמַ֣עַן ׀ לָמ֣וּג לֵ֗ב וְהַרְבֵּה֙ הַמִּכְשֹׁלִ֔ים עַ֚ל כָּל־שַׁ֣עֲרֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֖תִּי אִבְחַת־חָ֑רֶב אָ֛ח עֲשׂוּיָ֥ה לְבָרָ֖ק מְעֻטָּ֥ה לְטָֽבַח׃ |
It is in order that the heart may melt, With many troubles at all their gates, That I have appointed the threatening sword. Oh, it has been made to glitter; It has been drawn for slaughter. |
troubles ← causes of offence / stumbling blocks.
threatening sword ← threat of a sword. to glitter ← for glittering. drawn: [Ges-HCL], [BHS-CA] and [BDB] regard it as a textual error for מְרֻטָּה (polished). |
| Ezek 21:21 Ezek 21:16AV |
הִתְאַחֲדִ֥י הֵימִ֖נִי הָשִׂ֣ימִי הַשְׂמִ֑ילִי אָ֖נָה פָּנַ֥יִךְ מֻעָדֽוֹת׃ |
O sword, be sharp, Strike to the right, Take notice, Strike to the left – Wherever your face is pointing. |
O sword: the verb is feminine, as is sword.
be sharp: AV differs (go thee one way or other). We take the roots אחד and חדד to be cognate in this context. |
| Ezek 21:22 Ezek 21:17AV |
וְגַם־אֲנִ֗י אַכֶּ֤ה כַפִּי֙ אֶל־כַּפִּ֔י וַהֲנִחֹתִ֖י חֲמָתִ֑י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ פ |
Then I too will strike my hand against my hand, And give my fury rest. I, the Lord, have spoken.” |
|
| Ezek 21:23 Ezek 21:18AV |
וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 21:24 Ezek 21:19AV |
וְאַתָּ֨ה בֶן־אָדָ֜ם שִׂים־לְךָ֣ ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם דְּרָכִ֗ים לָבוֹא֙ חֶ֣רֶב מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אֶחָ֖ד יֵצְא֣וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם וְיָ֣ד בָּרֵ֔א בְּרֹ֥אשׁ דֶּֽרֶךְ־עִ֖יר בָּרֵֽא׃ | “Now you, son of Adam, lay out for yourself two roads, for the king of Babylon's sword to come by. The two of them will issue from one country. Carve out a signpost at the head of the road to the city; carve it out. | signpost ← hand. |
| Ezek 21:25 Ezek 21:20AV |
דֶּ֣רֶךְ תָּשִׂ֔ים לָב֣וֹא חֶ֔רֶב אֵ֖ת רַבַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וְאֶת־יְהוּדָ֥ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּצוּרָֽה׃ | Lay out a road for the sword to come to Rabbath of the Ammonites, and to Judah, at fortified Jerusalem. | Ammonites ← sons of Ammon. |
| Ezek 21:26 Ezek 21:21AV |
כִּֽי־עָמַ֨ד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל אֶל־אֵ֣ם הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ בְּרֹ֛אשׁ שְׁנֵ֥י הַדְּרָכִ֖ים לִקְסָם־קָ֑סֶם קִלְקַ֤ל בַּֽחִצִּים֙ שָׁאַ֣ל בַּתְּרָפִ֔ים רָאָ֖ה בַּכָּבֵֽד׃ | For the king of Babylon will stand at the fork in the road, at the head of two roads, using divination. He will shake arrows, he will inquire of household gods; he will inspect the liver. |
fork ← mother.
using divination ← to divine divination. shake arrows ... inspect the liver: forms of divination. household gods ← teraphim. Compare Gen 31:19 (amulets). |
| Ezek 21:27 Ezek 21:22AV |
בִּֽימִינ֞וֹ הָיָ֣ה ׀ הַקֶּ֣סֶם יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם לָשׂ֤וּם כָּרִים֙ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ פֶּה֙ בְּרֶ֔צַח לְהָרִ֥ים ק֖וֹל בִּתְרוּעָ֑ה לָשׂ֤וּם כָּרִים֙ עַל־שְׁעָרִ֔ים לִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ סֹלְלָ֖ה לִבְנ֥וֹת דָּיֵֽק׃ | On his right will be divination concerning Jerusalem, to set up battering rams, to open up a way in for slaughter, to raise a voice in a battle-cry, to set up battering rams against the gates, to throw up a rampart; to build a wall of circumvallation. |
battering rams: AV differs (captains).
way in ← mouth. |
| Ezek 21:28 Ezek 21:23AV |
וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם *כקסום־**כִּקְסָם־שָׁוְא֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁבֻעֵ֥י שְׁבֻע֖וֹת לָהֶ֑ם וְהֽוּא־מַזְכִּ֥יר עָוֺ֖ן לְהִתָּפֵֽשׂ׃ פ | But it will be like a false divination in their sight – that is, to those who have sworn oaths to the king's officials – and he will make mention of the iniquity, for them to be caught. |
divination: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
the king's officials ← them. |
| Ezek 21:29 Ezek 21:24AV |
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ יַ֗עַן הַזְכַּרְכֶם֙ עֲוֺ֣נְכֶ֔ם בְּהִגָּל֣וֹת פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֗ם לְהֵֽרָאוֹת֙ חַטֹּ֣אותֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל עֲלִילֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם יַ֚עַן הִזָּ֣כֶרְכֶ֔ם בַּכַּ֖ף תִּתָּפֵֽשׂוּ׃ פ | So this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Since you have brought your iniquity into remembrance, by your transgressions being revealed, by your sins being made manifest, with all your deeds – on account of your being brought into remembrance – you will be caught by the hand. |
this is what ← thus.
brought ... into remembrance (first occurrence in verse): partially in an Aramaic form. |
| Ezek 21:30 Ezek 21:25AV |
וְאַתָּה֙ חָלָ֣ל רָשָׁ֔ע נְשִׂ֖יא יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א יוֹמ֔וֹ בְּעֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן קֵֽץ׃ ס | And as for you, you profane and wicked leader of Israel, whose day has come, at the time of the final iniquity, | final iniquity ← iniquity of the end, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 21:31 Ezek 21:26AV |
כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָסִיר֙ הַמִּצְנֶ֔פֶת וְהָרִ֖ים הָֽעֲטָרָ֑ה זֹ֣את לֹא־זֹ֔את הַשָּׁפָ֣לָה הַגְבֵּ֔הַ וְהַגָּבֹ֖הַ הַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ |
this is what the Lord, the Lord, says:
«Remove the turban And take the crown away. What was won't be any more. Exalt the lowly And humble the exalted. |
this is what ← thus.
take ... away ← raise; perhaps, put on (someone else). what was won't be any more ← this not this. exalted ← high. |
| Ezek 21:32 Ezek 21:27AV |
עַוָּ֥ה עַוָּ֖ה עַוָּ֣ה אֲשִׂימֶ֑נָּה גַּם־זֹאת֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה עַד־בֹּ֛א אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט וּנְתַתִּֽיו׃ פ |
I will overturn, overturn, overturn it. Moreover this will not happen Until the coming of him who has the right, Which I will give him.» ’ |
I will overturn, overturn, overturn it ← an overturning, an overturning, an overturning I will set it.
happen ← become, come to pass. |
| Ezek 21:33 Ezek 21:28AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם הִנָּבֵ֤א וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֔ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וְאֶל־חֶרְפָּתָ֑ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ חֶ֣רֶב חֶ֤רֶב פְּתוּחָה֙ לְטֶ֣בַח מְרוּטָ֔ה לְהָכִ֖יל לְמַ֥עַן בָּרָֽק׃ |
And you, son of Adam, prophesy and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says to the sons of Ammon and concerning their reproach.’ So say,
‘The sword, the sword is unsheathed, Polished for slaughter, To cause devouring, The reason for its glitter, |
this is what ← thus.
their reproach: a subjective genitive (they reproach Jerusalem). to cause devouring: taking the verb as a contraction of לְהַאֲכִיל; otherwise, enduring. |
| Ezek 21:34 Ezek 21:29AV |
בַּחֲז֥וֹת לָךְ֙ שָׁ֔וְא בִּקְסָם־לָ֖ךְ כָּזָ֑ב לָתֵ֣ת אוֹתָ֗ךְ אֶֽל־צַוְּארֵי֙ חַֽלְלֵ֣י רְשָׁעִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א יוֹמָ֔ם בְּעֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן קֵֽץ׃ |
When they see false visions concerning you, When they divine concerning you falsely, Putting you with the necks of those to be executed for their crimes, Whose day will come in the final iniquity. |
those to be executed for their crimes ← the slain of wickednesses. |
| Ezek 21:35 Ezek 21:30AV |
הָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־תַּעְרָ֑הּ בִּמְק֧וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נִבְרֵ֛את בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מְכֻרוֹתַ֖יִךְ אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֹתָֽךְ׃ |
Return it to its sheath. I will judge you In the place where you were created, In your native land. |
you: feminine singular, which could agree with the (Ammonite) sword. |
| Ezek 21:36 Ezek 21:31AV |
וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י אָפִ֣יחַ עָלָ֑יִךְ וּנְתַתִּ֗יךְ בְּיַד֙ אֲנָשִׁ֣ים בֹּֽעֲרִ֔ים חָרָשֵׁ֖י מַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
And I will pour out my indignation over you; I will blow on my angry fire against you, And I will deliver you into the hand of savage men, Forgers of destruction. |
my angry fire ← the fire of my anger, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 21:37 Ezek 21:32AV |
לָאֵ֤שׁ תִּֽהְיֶה֙ לְאָכְלָ֔ה דָּמֵ֥ךְ יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֣א תִזָּכֵ֔רִי כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ פ |
You will be fuel for the fire; Your blood will be in the midst of the land. You will not be remembered, For I, the Lord, have spoken.’ ” |
|
| Ezek 22:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 22:2 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֥ט הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־עִ֣יר הַדָּמִ֑ים וְה֣וֹדַעְתָּ֔הּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | “As for you, son of Adam, will you judge, will you judge the City of Blood, and will you make all its abominations known to it? | Blood ← bloods, i.e. deeds of bloodshed. |
| Ezek 22:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה עִ֣יר שֹׁפֶ֥כֶת דָּ֛ם בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ לָב֣וֹא עִתָּ֑הּ וְעָשְׂתָ֧ה גִלּוּלִ֛ים עָלֶ֖יהָ לְטָמְאָֽה׃ | So you will say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «As for the city which sheds blood in its own precincts, its time is about to come, for it has made idols to defile itself. |
this is what ← thus.
in its own precincts ← in its inside. to defile itself ← to defile against itself. |
| Ezek 22:4 | בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד־שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | You have become guilty of your blood which you have shed, and you have become unclean by your idols which you have made, and you have brought your days near, and you have come to your years, which is why I have made you an object of reproach to the nations and an object of scorn to all the various countries. | you have come ← you (masculine) / she has come. On the translation as second person feminine (you), see [Ges-HG] §47k. |
| Ezek 22:5 | הַקְּרֹב֛וֹת וְהָרְחֹק֥וֹת מִמֵּ֖ךְ יִתְקַלְּסוּ־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֣ת הַשֵּׁ֔ם רַבַּ֖ת הַמְּהוּמָֽה׃ | Those near and far from you will mock you, you who are of sullied name and great turmoil. | great turmoil ← greatness of turmoil, a reverse Hebraic genitive, or tumultuous greatness, a regular Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 22:6 | הִנֵּה֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֥ישׁ לִזְרֹע֖וֹ הָ֣יוּ בָ֑ךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁפָךְ־דָּֽם׃ | Look, you officials of Israel. Each one in you, Jerusalem, had it in his power to shed blood. | power ← arm. |
| Ezek 22:7 | אָ֤ב וָאֵם֙ הֵקַ֣לּוּ בָ֔ךְ לַגֵּ֛ר עָשׂ֥וּ בַעֹ֖שֶׁק בְּתוֹכֵ֑ךְ יָת֥וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֖ה ה֥וֹנוּ בָֽךְ׃ | Those in you have despised their father and mother; in your precincts people have dealt with the foreigner with extortion, and in you they have oppressed the orphan and the widow. | in your precincts ← within you. |
| Ezek 22:8 | קָדָשַׁ֖י בָּזִ֑ית וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלָּֽלְתְּ׃ | You have despised my holy things, and you have profaned my Sabbaths. | things: or places. |
| Ezek 22:9 | אַנְשֵׁ֥י רָכִ֛יל הָ֥יוּ בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֑ם וְאֶל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ אָ֣כְלוּ בָ֔ךְ זִמָּ֖ה עָשׂ֥וּ בְתוֹכֵֽךְ׃ | In you were slanderers, so as to shed blood, and in you some ate on the mountains. In your precincts they are engaged in intrigue. |
on the mountains: i.e. on the idolatrous sites there.
in your precincts ← within you. are engaged in intrigue: or have committed depravity. |
| Ezek 22:10 | עֶרְוַת־אָ֖ב גִּלָּה־בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ־בָֽךְ׃ | In you one has uncovered his father's nakedness; in you they have violated her who was unclean by reason of menstruation. | uncovered his father's nakedness: an expression meaning lying with his father's wife (Lev 20:11). See also Gen 9:22. |
| Ezek 22:11 | וְאִ֣ישׁ ׀ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֗הוּ עָשָׂה֙ תּֽוֹעֵבָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־כַּלָּת֖וֹ טִמֵּ֣א בְזִמָּ֑ה וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־אֲחֹת֥וֹ בַת־אָבִ֖יו עִנָּה־בָֽךְ׃ | And a man has committed an abomination with his neighbour's wife, and a man has defiled his daughter-in-law through depravity, and a man in you has violated his sister – his father's daughter. | |
| Ezek 22:12 | שֹׁ֥חַד לָֽקְחוּ־בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֑ם נֶ֧שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֣ית לָקַ֗חַתְּ וַתְּבַצְּעִ֤י רֵעַ֙יִךְ֙ בַּעֹ֔שֶׁק וְאֹתִ֣י שָׁכַ֔חַתְּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | In you some have accepted a bribe for the purpose of shedding blood. You have taken interest and financial gain, and you have defrauded your neighbours with extortion, and me you have forgotten, says the Lord, the Lord. | |
| Ezek 22:13 | וְהִנֵּה֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי כַפִּ֔י אֶל־בִּצְעֵ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑ית וְעַ֨ל־דָּמֵ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ בְּתוֹכֵֽךְ׃ | And look, I have struck my hand at your unjust gain which you have made, and at your blood which has been in your confines. | in your confines ← within you. |
| Ezek 22:14 | הֲיַעֲמֹ֤ד לִבֵּךְ֙ אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדַ֔יִךְ לַיָּמִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי׃ | Will your heart stand firm, and will your hands hold out in the days when I deal with you? I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it. | |
| Ezek 22:15 | וַהֲפִיצוֹתִ֤י אוֹתָךְ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְזֵרִיתִ֖יךְ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וַהֲתִמֹּתִ֥י טֻמְאָתֵ֖ךְ מִמֵּֽךְ׃ | And I will scatter you among the Gentiles, and I will disperse you among the various countries, and I will purge your uncleanness from you. | |
| Ezek 22:16 | וְנִחַ֥לְתְּ בָּ֖ךְ לְעֵינֵ֣י גוֹיִ֑ם וְיָדַ֖עַתְּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And you will be profaned by your own self in the eyes of the Gentiles, and you will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | be profaned: root חלל. AV differs (take an inheritance), root נחל. |
| Ezek 22:17 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 22:18 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הָיוּ־לִ֥י בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל *לסוג **לְסִ֑יג כֻּלָּ֡ם נְ֠חֹשֶׁת וּבְדִ֨יל וּבַרְזֶ֤ל וְעוֹפֶ֙רֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר סִגִ֥ים כֶּ֖סֶף הָיֽוּ׃ ס | “Son of Adam, the house of Israel has become dross to me. They are all copper and tin and iron and lead in the furnace. They have become the dross of silver. |
dross: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue.
dross of silver: lead and silver are often found together, along with copper, tin and other elements. |
| Ezek 22:19 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן הֱי֥וֹת כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם לְסִגִ֑ים לָכֵן֙ הִנְנִ֣י קֹבֵ֣ץ אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | So this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Because you have all become dross, I am about to gather you into Jerusalem. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. into ← into the inside of. |
| Ezek 22:20 | קְבֻ֣צַת כֶּ֡סֶף וּ֠נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֨ל וְעוֹפֶ֤רֶת וּבְדִיל֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר לָפַֽחַת־עָלָ֥יו אֵ֖שׁ לְהַנְתִּ֑יךְ כֵּ֤ן אֶקְבֹּץ֙ בְּאַפִּ֣י וּבַחֲמָתִ֔י וְהִנַּחְתִּ֥י וְהִתַּכְתִּ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Like a mixture of silver and copper and iron and lead and tin inside a furnace, to have fire blown on it to melt it, so I will gather you in my anger and in my fury, and I will keep you in place and melt you. |
mixture ← gathering, collection.
to have fire blown ← to blow fire. Qal for passive of hiphil. keep you in place ← place you. |
| Ezek 22:21 | וְכִנַּסְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְנָפַחְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּאֵ֣שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֑י וְנִתַּכְתֶּ֖ם בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ | And I will gather you, and I will blow on you with my irate fire, and you will be melted in it. |
my irate fire ← the fire of my ire, a Hebraic genitive.
in it ← inside it. |
| Ezek 22:22 | כְּהִתּ֥וּךְ כֶּ֙סֶף֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר כֵּ֖ן תֻּתְּכ֣וּ בְתוֹכָ֑הּ וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה שָׁפַ֥כְתִּי חֲמָתִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ פ | As is the smelting of silver in the furnace, so you will be smelted in it, and you will know that I, the Lord, have poured out my fury on you.’ ” | |
| Ezek 22:23 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 22:24 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֱמָר־לָ֕הּ אַ֣תְּ אֶ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א מְטֹהָרָ֖ה הִ֑יא לֹ֥א גֻשְׁמָ֖הּ בְּי֥וֹם זָֽעַם׃ | “Son of Adam, say to her, ‘You are a land which has not been cleansed, which had no rain on the day of indignation. | no rain ← not its rain. |
| Ezek 22:25 | קֶ֤שֶׁר נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ כַּאֲרִ֥י שׁוֹאֵ֖ג טֹ֣רֵֽף טָ֑רֶף נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָכָ֗לוּ חֹ֤סֶן וִיקָר֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ הִרְבּ֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃ | There is a conspiracy of her prophets within her, like a roaring lion tearing at prey. They devour people, they take riches and valuables; they have increased the number of widows she has within her confines. |
people ← a soul.
within her confines ← within her. |
| Ezek 22:26 | כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָ חָמְס֣וּ תוֹרָתִי֮ וַיְחַלְּל֣וּ קָדָשַׁי֒ בֵּֽין־קֹ֤דֶשׁ לְחֹל֙ לֹ֣א הִבְדִּ֔ילוּ וּבֵין־הַטָּמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר לֹ֣א הוֹדִ֑יעוּ וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ הֶעְלִ֣ימוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם וָאֵחַ֖ל בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | Her priests have done violence to my law, and they have profaned my holy things. They have not made a distinction between holy and profane, and they have not made the difference known between unclean and clean, and they have hidden their eyes from my Sabbaths, so I have been profaned in their midst. | things: or places. |
| Ezek 22:27 | שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע׃ | Her officials at her centre are like wolves tearing at prey, shedding blood, destroying people in order to make unjust gain. |
shedding ... destroying ← to shed ... to destroy.
people ← souls. make ← plunder. |
| Ezek 22:28 | וּנְבִיאֶ֗יהָ טָח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ תָּפֵ֔ל חֹזִ֣ים שָׁ֔וְא וְקֹסְמִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם כָּזָ֑ב אֹמְרִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דִבֵּֽר׃ | And her prophets have plastered over these things with lime, seeing false visions and divining falsely to them, saying, «This is what my Lord the Lord says», when the Lord has not spoken. |
these things ← them.
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 22:29 | עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת־הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | The people of the land have committed extortion, and they have snatched away plunder and oppressed the poor and needy, and they have maltreated the foreigner without justice. |
committed extortion ← extorted extortion.
snatched away plunder ← plundered plunder. |
| Ezek 22:30 | וָאֲבַקֵּ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֡ם אִ֣ישׁ גֹּֽדֵר־גָּדֵר֩ וְעֹמֵ֨ד בַּפֶּ֧רֶץ לְפָנַ֛י בְּעַ֥ד הָאָ֖רֶץ לְבִלְתִּ֣י שַׁחֲתָ֑הּ וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאתִי׃ | And I sought from them a man who would build a wall, and who would stand at the breach before me, for the sake of the land, to prevent its destruction, but I didn't find anyone. | |
| Ezek 22:31 | וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י כִּלִּיתִ֑ים דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ פ | So I have poured out my indignation over them. I have made an end of them in my irate fire. I have put their way on their head, says my Lord the Lord.’ ” | irate fire: see Ezek 22:21. |
| Ezek 23:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 23:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֑ם שְׁתַּ֣יִם נָשִׁ֔ים בְּנ֥וֹת אֵם־אַחַ֖ת הָיֽוּ׃ |
“Son of Adam, there were two women, Daughters of the same mother. |
the same ← one. |
| Ezek 23:3 | וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃ |
And they engaged in prostitution in Egypt – It was in their youth that they engaged in prostitution. There their breasts were fondled, And there their virgin nipples were caressed. |
were fondled ... were caressed ← they pressed ... they squeezed. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 23:4 | וּשְׁמוֹתָ֗ן אָהֳלָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ וְאָהֳלִיבָ֣ה אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתִּֽהְיֶ֣ינָה לִ֔י וַתֵּלַ֖דְנָה בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֑וֹת וּשְׁמוֹתָ֕ן שֹׁמְר֣וֹן אָהֳלָ֔ה וִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אָהֳלִיבָֽה׃ |
And their names were Aholah the elder one And Aholibah her sister. And they were mine, And they gave birth to sons and daughters, Whose names were Samaria-Aholah And Jerusalem-Aholibah. |
Aholah ... Aholah ← Oholah ... Oholah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Aholibah ... Aholibah ← Oholibah, [AnLx], but not necessarily so, and we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Ezek 23:5 | וַתִּ֥זֶן אָהֳלָ֖ה תַּחְתָּ֑י וַתַּעְגַּב֙ עַֽל־מְאַהֲבֶ֔יהָ אֶל־אַשּׁ֖וּר קְרוֹבִֽים׃ |
And Aholah acted promiscuously beneath me, And she made love to her lovers, With the Assyrians who were near, |
the Assyrians ← Assyria, but with a plural verb. |
| Ezek 23:6 | לְבֻשֵׁ֤י תְכֵ֙לֶת֙ פַּח֣וֹת וּסְגָנִ֔ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּ֑ם פָּרָשִׁ֕ים רֹכְבֵ֖י סוּסִֽים׃ |
Dressed in blue – Governors and administrators, All of them attractive young men – Horsemen riding on horses. |
attractive young men ← young men of desire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 23:7 | וַתִּתֵּ֤ן תַּזְנוּתֶ֙יהָ֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבְחַ֥ר בְּנֵֽי־אַשּׁ֖וּר כֻּלָּ֑ם וּבְכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־עָֽגְבָ֛ה בְּכָל־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם נִטְמָֽאָה׃ |
And she gave her immoral favours to them, All of them being choice sons of Assyria, And she became unclean by all with whom she made love, Through all their idols. |
immoral favours ← whoredoms. |
| Ezek 23:8 | וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֤יהָ מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔בָה כִּ֤י אוֹתָהּ֙ שָׁכְב֣וּ בִנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וְהֵ֥מָּה עִשּׂ֖וּ דַּדֵּ֣י בְתוּלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֥וּ תַזְנוּתָ֖ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃ |
And she did not abandon her immoral practices Brought back from Egypt, For they lay with her in her youth, And they caressed her virgin nipples, And they poured out their immorality on her. |
|
| Ezek 23:9 | לָכֵ֥ן נְתַתִּ֖יהָ בְּיַד־מְאַֽהֲבֶ֑יהָ בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָגְבָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Therefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, Into the hand of the Assyrians, With whom she made love. |
Assyrians ← sons of Assyria. |
| Ezek 23:10 | הֵמָּה֮ גִּלּ֣וּ עֶרְוָתָהּ֒ בָּנֶ֤יהָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וְאוֹתָ֖הּ בַּחֶ֣רֶב הָרָ֑גוּ וַתְּהִי־שֵׁם֙ לַנָּשִׁ֔ים וּשְׁפוּטִ֖ים עָ֥שׂוּ בָֽהּ׃ ס |
They revealed her nakedness; They took her sons and her daughters, And they killed her with the sword, And she became notorious among women, For judgment had been passed on her. |
judgment had been passed ← they (masculine) had passed judgment. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 23:11 | וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃ |
And her sister Aholibah saw it, And she was more perverse than her in her lovemaking, And she was more profuse in her promiscuous acts than her sister In her immoral ways. |
than her: or, if the reader prefers, than she.
than her sister ... in her immoral ways ← than the immoral ways of her sister. |
| Ezek 23:12 | אֶל־בְּנֵי֩ אַשּׁ֨וּר עָגָ֜בָה פַּח֨וֹת וּסְגָנִ֤ים קְרֹבִים֙ לְבֻשֵׁ֣י מִכְל֔וֹל פָּרָשִׁ֖ים רֹכְבֵ֣י סוּסִ֑ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
She made love to the Assyrians, Governors and administrators who were near, Dressed immaculately, Horsemen riding on horses – All attractive young men. |
immaculately ← (to) perfection.
attractive young men: see Ezek 23:6. |
| Ezek 23:13 | וָאֵ֖רֶא כִּ֣י נִטְמָ֑אָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּיהֶֽן׃ |
And I saw that she had become unclean. The two of them had the same conduct. |
the same conduct ← one way. |
| Ezek 23:14 | וַתּ֖וֹסֶף אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ וַתֵּ֗רֶא אַנְשֵׁי֙ מְחֻקֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקִּ֔יר צַלְמֵ֣י *כשדיים **כַשְׂדִּ֔ים חֲקֻקִ֖ים בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃ |
And she added to her promiscuous deeds When she saw an engraving of men on a wall – Images of Chaldeans Engraved in red ochre – |
Chaldeans: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
an engraving of men ← men of (a thing) engraved. |
| Ezek 23:15 | חֲגוֹרֵ֨י אֵז֜וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם סְרוּחֵ֤י טְבוּלִים֙ בְּרָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם מַרְאֵ֥ה שָׁלִשִׁ֖ים כֻּלָּ֑ם דְּמ֤וּת בְּנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֶ֖רֶץ מוֹלַדְתָּֽם׃ |
Wearing a belt around their waist, Wearing loose hanging dyed turbans on their heads, All in the style of brigadiers, With imagery of the sons of Babylon – Chaldeans – And their native land. |
wearing ... wearing loose hanging ← girded of ... hung loose of.
dyed turbans: perhaps a conflation of homonymous roots meaning dye and wrap. See [AnLx] under טבל. style ← way. |
| Ezek 23:16 | *ותעגב **וַתַּעְגְּבָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַרְאֵ֣ה עֵינֶ֑יהָ וַתִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כַּשְׂדִּֽימָה׃ |
And she lusted after them when her eyes saw them, And she sent messengers to them in Chaldea. |
she lusted: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
in Chaldea ← to Chaldea. |
| Ezek 23:17 | וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלֶ֤יהָ בְנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב דֹּדִ֔ים וַיְטַמְּא֥וּ אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּתַזְנוּתָ֑ם וַתִּ֨טְמָא־בָ֔ם וַתֵּ֥קַע נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מֵהֶֽם׃ |
Then the Babylonians came to her To lie making love, And they defiled her with their promiscuity, And she was defiled by them. Then her sentiments became alienated from them. |
to lie ← to a “lying with” of.
sentiments ← soul. |
| Ezek 23:18 | וַתְּגַל֙ תַּזְנוּתֶ֔יהָ וַתְּגַ֖ל אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֤קַע נַפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י מֵעַ֥ל אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃ |
When she had revealed her promiscuous acts And had revealed her nakedness, My sentiments became alienated from her, As my sentiments had become alienated from her sister. |
my sentiments (2x) ← my soul. The Lord speaking. |
| Ezek 23:19 | וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָנְתָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
And she did more promiscuous acts, Remembering the days of her youth When she was promiscuous in the land of Egypt. |
|
| Ezek 23:20 | וַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה עַ֖ל פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׂר־חֲמוֹרִים֙ בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְזִרְמַ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים זִרְמָתָֽם׃ |
And she lusted after their lovers, Whose flesh was the flesh of donkeys, And whose emission was the emission of horses. |
|
| Ezek 23:21 | וַֽתִּפְקְדִ֔י אֵ֖ת זִמַּ֣ת נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בַּעְשׂ֤וֹת מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ דַּדַּ֔יִךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁדֵ֥י נְעוּרָֽיִךְ׃ ס |
And you have looked about For the unchaste way of your youth, With caressing of your nipples, As was done in Egypt on account of your youthful breasts. |
caressing: we have to re-point as piel, בְּעַשּׂוֹת, as in Ezek 23:3.
as was done in ← from. your youthful breasts ← the breasts of your youth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 23:22 | לָכֵ֣ן אָהֳלִיבָ֗ה כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנְנִ֨י מֵעִ֤יר אֶת־מְאַהֲבַ֙יִךְ֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ מֵהֶ֑ם וַהֲבֵאתִ֥ים עָלַ֖יִךְ מִסָּבִֽיב׃ |
Therefore, Aholibah, this is what the Lord, the Lord, says:
‘I am about to stir your lovers up against you, Those from whom your sentiments have become alienated, And I will bring them against you all around, |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. sentiments ← soul. |
| Ezek 23:23 | בְּנֵ֧י בָבֶ֣ל וְכָל־כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים פְּק֤וֹד וְשׁ֙וֹעַ֙ וְק֔וֹעַ כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י אַשּׁ֖וּר אוֹתָ֑ם בַּח֨וּרֵי חֶ֜מֶד פַּח֤וֹת וּסְגָנִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם שָֽׁלִשִׁים֙ וּקְרוּאִ֔ים רֹכְבֵ֥י סוּסִ֖ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
The sons of Babylon and all the Chaldeans: Pekod and Shoa and Koa, And all the sons of Assyria with them – All of them attractive young men, Governors and administrators, Brigadiers and celebrities, All of them horseriders. |
celebrities ← called out (ones). The active verb, used with שֵׁם name, fame, can mean celebrate [AnLx]. |
| Ezek 23:24 | וּבָ֣אוּ עָלַ֡יִךְ הֹ֠צֶן רֶ֤כֶב וְגַלְגַּל֙ וּבִקְהַ֣ל עַמִּ֔ים צִנָּ֤ה וּמָגֵן֙ וְקוֹבַ֔ע יָשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלַ֖יִךְ סָבִ֑יב וְנָתַתִּ֤י לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּשְׁפָט֖וּךְ בְּמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And a battalion will come against you, Chariots and vehicles, With a contingent of various peoples, Who will beset you all around, With shield and buckler and helmet. And I will allow judgment to take place before them, And they will judge you with their own legal processes. |
vehicles ← wheel.
beset ← set against. shield and buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ezek 23:25 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י קִנְאָתִ֜י בָּ֗ךְ וְעָשׂ֤וּ אוֹתָךְ֙ בְּחֵמָ֔ה אַפֵּ֤ךְ וְאָזְנַ֙יִךְ֙ יָסִ֔ירוּ וְאַחֲרִיתֵ֖ךְ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תִּפּ֑וֹל הֵ֗מָּה בָּנַ֤יִךְ וּבְנוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ וְאַחֲרִיתֵ֖ךְ תֵּאָכֵ֥ל בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ |
And I will set my zeal against you, And they will deal with you in fury. They will remove your nose and your ears, And your posterity will fall by the sword. They will capture your sons and your daughters, And your posterity will be consumed by fire. |
posterity (2x): AV differs (remnant ... residue). Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ezek 23:26 | וְהִפְשִׁיט֖וּךְ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יִךְ וְלָקְח֖וּ כְּלֵ֥י תִפְאַרְתֵּֽךְ׃ |
And they will strip your clothes off And take your magnificent articles away. |
magnificent articles ← articles of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 23:27 | וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֤י זִמָּתֵךְ֙ מִמֵּ֔ךְ וְאֶת־זְנוּתֵ֖ךְ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־תִשְׂאִ֤י עֵינַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֥א תִזְכְּרִי־עֽוֹד׃ ס |
And I will put an end to your unchaste way And your promiscuity which came from the land of Egypt, And you will not raise your eyes to them, And you will no longer remember Egypt. |
put an end ← put an end from you. |
| Ezek 23:28 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ נֹֽתְנָ֔ךְ בְּיַ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֑את בְּיַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ מֵהֶֽם׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «I am about to deliver you into the hand of those you hate – into the hand of those from whom your sentiments have become alienated. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. sentiments ← soul. |
| Ezek 23:29 | וְעָשׂ֨וּ אוֹתָ֜ךְ בְּשִׂנְאָ֗ה וְלָקְחוּ֙ כָּל־יְגִיעֵ֔ךְ וַעֲזָב֖וּךְ עֵירֹ֣ם וְעֶרְיָ֑ה וְנִגְלָה֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת זְנוּנַ֔יִךְ וְזִמָּתֵ֖ךְ וְתַזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ | And they will deal with you with hatred, and they will take all your hard-earned possessions and leave you naked and destitute. And the nakedness of your promiscuous acts and your unchaste behaviour and your immoral ways will be revealed. | destitute ← destitution. |
| Ezek 23:30 | עָשֹׂ֥ה אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ בִּזְנוֹתֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִטְמֵ֖את בְּגִלּוּלֵיהֶֽם׃ | They will do these things to you, because you have gone whoring after the Gentiles, whereby you have become unclean with their idols. | They will do: AV differs (I will do). The infinitive absolute is in the role of a finite verb, and various subjects could be supplied. |
| Ezek 23:31 | בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ אֲחוֹתֵ֖ךְ הָלָ֑כְתְּ וְנָתַתִּ֥י כוֹסָ֖הּ בְּיָדֵֽךְ׃ ס | You have gone the way of your sister, and I will put her cup in your hand.» | |
| Ezek 23:32 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֔ה כּ֤וֹס אֲחוֹתֵךְ֙ תִּשְׁתִּ֔י הָעֲמֻקָּ֖ה וְהָרְחָבָ֑ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לִצְחֹ֛ק וּלְלַ֖עַג מִרְבָּ֥ה לְהָכִֽיל׃ |
This is what the Lord, the Lord, says:
«You will drink your sister's deep and wide cup. It will be an occasion of derision and mocking – A lot to stomach. |
this is what ← thus.
it will be an occasion of: AV differs somewhat, as if reading תִּהיִי, and for a justification as second person (you), see [Ges-HG] §47k. to stomach ← to contain. |
| Ezek 23:33 | שִׁכָּר֥וֹן וְיָג֖וֹן תִּמָּלֵ֑אִי כּ֚וֹס שַׁמָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָ֔ה כּ֖וֹס אֲחוֹתֵ֥ךְ שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ |
You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow With the cup of astonishment and desolation – The cup of your sister Samaria. |
|
| Ezek 23:34 | וְשָׁתִ֨ית אוֹתָ֜הּ וּמָצִ֗ית וְאֶת־חֲרָשֶׂ֛יהָ תְּגָרֵ֖מִי וְשָׁדַ֣יִךְ תְּנַתֵּ֑קִי כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י דִבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס |
And you will drink it and drain it, And you will gnaw its broken pieces, And you will tear your breasts away, For I have spoken, Says the Lord, the Lord». |
gnaw: i.e., [AnLx], lick clean. |
| Ezek 23:35 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן שָׁכַ֣חַתְּ אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּשְׁלִ֥יכִי אוֹתִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוֵּ֑ךְ וְגַם־אַ֛תְּ שְׂאִ֥י זִמָּתֵ֖ךְ וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ ס |
Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «Because you have forgotten me, And you have cast me behind your back, You too must bear your unchaste behaviour And immoral ways.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 23:36 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הֲתִשְׁפּ֥וֹט אֶֽת־אָהֳלָ֖ה וְאֶת־אָהֳלִיבָ֑ה וְהַגֵּ֣ד לָהֶ֔ן אֵ֖ת תוֹעֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽן׃ | Then the Lord said to me, “Son of Adam, will you judge Aholah and Aholibah, and tell them their abominations? | tell: either an infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb, or, as AV, an imperative. So AV differs. |
| Ezek 23:37 | כִּ֣י נִאֵ֗פוּ וְדָם֙ בִּֽידֵיהֶ֔ן וְאֶת־גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֖ן נִאֵ֑פוּ וְגַ֤ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָֽלְדוּ־לִ֔י הֶעֱבִ֥ירוּ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | For they have committed adultery, and there is blood on their hands, and it is with their idols that they have committed adultery, and also with their sons whom they have borne to me, whom they have made pass through fire, consuming them. | pass through fire: explicitly fire in Deut 18:10, Ezek 20:31. |
| Ezek 23:38 | ע֥וֹד זֹ֖את עָ֣שׂוּ לִ֑י טִמְּא֤וּ אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י חִלֵּֽלוּ׃ | They have also done this to me: they defiled my sanctuary on that day, and they have profaned my Sabbaths. | |
| Ezek 23:39 | וּֽבְשַׁחֲטָ֤ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ לְגִלּ֣וּלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לְחַלְּל֑וֹ וְהִנֵּה־כֹ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ בְּת֥וֹךְ בֵּיתִֽי׃ | And when they slaughtered their sons to their idols, they came to my sanctuary on the same day to profane it, and so you see what they have done inside my house. |
the same day ← that day.
so you see what ← behold thus. |
| Ezek 23:40 | וְאַ֗ף כִּ֤י תִשְׁלַ֙חְנָה֙ לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים בָּאִ֖ים מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַלְאָ֜ךְ שָׁל֤וּחַ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְהִנֵּה־בָ֔אוּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר רָחַ֛צְתְּ כָּחַ֥לְתְּ עֵינַ֖יִךְ וְעָ֥דִית עֶֽדִי׃ | ‘And moreover you have sent for men to come from far away, to whom a messenger was sent, and look, they have come – they for whom you washed yourself and put eye-shadow on and decked yourself with ornaments. | you have sent: or they have sent, feminine plural. |
| Ezek 23:41 | וְיָשַׁבְתְּ֙ עַל־מִטָּ֣ה כְבוּדָּ֔ה וְשֻׁלְחָ֥ן עָר֖וּךְ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ וּקְטָרְתִּ֥י וְשַׁמְנִ֖י שַׂ֥מְתְּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And you reclined on a magnificent bed, with a table laid in front of it, and you put my incense and my oil on it. | you (2x): feminine singular. |
| Ezek 23:42 | וְק֣וֹל הָמוֹן֮ שָׁלֵ֣ו בָהּ֒ וְאֶל־אֲנָשִׁים֙ מֵרֹ֣ב אָדָ֔ם מוּבָאִ֥ים *סובאים **סָבָאִ֖ים מִמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַֽיִּתְּנ֤וּ צְמִידִים֙ אֶל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ן וַעֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶֽן׃ | And there was the sound of a carefree crowd in it, and these were men from the common masses, Sabaeans brought from the desert, who put bracelets on their wrists and a magnificent crown on their heads.’ |
Sabaeans: the ketiv could be regarded as a variant form of the qeré; otherwise, it means drunkards.
it: feminine, referring to Jerusalem. common masses ← multitude of man. magnificent crown ← crown of magnificence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 23:43 | וָאֹמַ֕ר לַבָּלָ֖ה נִֽאוּפִ֑ים *עת **עַתָּ֛ה *יזנה **יִזְנ֥וּ תַזְנוּתֶ֖הָ וָהִֽיא׃ | And I said concerning her who is worn out with adulteries, ‘Will {Q: they} [K: he] now behave immorally with her in her prostitution, with the way she is?’ |
now: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
with the way she is ← and she. |
| Ezek 23:44 | וַיָּב֣וֹא אֵלֶ֔יהָ כְּב֖וֹא אֶל־אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה כֵּ֣ן בָּ֗אוּ אֶֽל־אָֽהֳלָה֙ וְאֶל־אָ֣הֳלִיבָ֔ה אִשֹּׁ֖ת הַזִּמָּֽה׃ | And they went to her as one goes to a prostitute. So they went to Aholah and Aholibah, the unchaste women. |
they went ← one went.
prostitute ← prostitute woman. the unchaste women ← women of unchasteness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 23:45 | וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים צַדִּיקִ֗ם הֵ֚מָּה יִשְׁפְּט֣וּ אֽוֹתְהֶ֔ם מִשְׁפַּט֙ נֹֽאֲפ֔וֹת וּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט שֹׁפְכ֣וֹת דָּ֑ם כִּ֤י נֹֽאֲפֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְדָ֖ם בִּֽידֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | And it is righteous men who will judge them by the law of adulteresses and the law of those who shed blood, for they are adulteresses, and there is blood on their hands. | |
| Ezek 23:46 | כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הַעֲלֵ֤ה עֲלֵיהֶם֙ קָהָ֔ל וְנָתֹ֥ן אֶתְהֶ֖ן לְזַעֲוָ֥ה וְלָבַֽז׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Bring a contingent up against them, and consign them to atrocity and to being plundered. |
this is what ← thus.
consign: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. being plundered ← plunder. |
| Ezek 23:47 | וְרָגְמ֨וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֥ן אֶ֙בֶן֙ קָהָ֔ל וּבָרֵ֥א אוֹתְהֶ֖ן בְּחַרְבוֹתָ֑ם בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ יַהֲרֹ֔גוּ וּבָתֵּיהֶ֖ן בָּאֵ֥שׁ יִשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ | And the contingent will stone them and cut them down with their swords. They will kill their sons and their daughters and burn their houses with fire. | stone them: see Lev 20:2. |
| Ezek 23:48 | וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י זִמָּ֖ה מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנִֽוַּסְּרוּ֙ כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ינָה כְּזִמַּתְכֶֽנָה׃ | And I will banish unchaste behaviour from the land, and all the women will be admonished, and they will not behave in your unchaste way. |
behave in ← do like.
your: plural, so referring to the unchaste women. |
| Ezek 23:49 | וְנָתְנ֤וּ זִמַּתְכֶ֙נָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ן וַחֲטָאֵ֥י גִלּוּלֵיכֶ֖ן תִּשֶּׂ֑אינָה וִידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And your unchaste way will be requited upon you, and you will bear the sins committed with your idols, and you will know that I am the Lord, the Lord.’ ” | your unchaste way will be requited ← they will requite your unjust ways. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 24:1 | וַיְהִי֩ דְבַר־יְהוָ֨ה אֵלַ֜י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הַתְּשִׁיעִית֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֥וֹר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me in the ninth year, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 24:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם *כתוב־**כְּתָב־לְךָ֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם הַיּ֔וֹם אֶת־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה סָמַ֤ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, write down today's date – this very day. The king of Babylon has drawn near to Jerusalem on this very day. |
write down ← write for yourself, perhaps suggesting get writing. The ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
today's date ← the name of today. has drawn near ← has leant on. |
| Ezek 24:3 | וּמְשֹׁ֤ל אֶל־בֵּית־הַמֶּ֙רִי֙ מָשָׁ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה שְׁפֹ֤ת הַסִּיר֙ שְׁפֹ֔ת וְגַם־יְצֹ֥ק בּ֖וֹ מָֽיִם׃ |
And tell the rebellious house a proverb, and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Put the pot on; Put it on, And pour water into it too. |
rebellious house ← house of rebellion, a Hebraic genitive.
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 24:4 | אֱסֹ֤ף נְתָחֶ֙יהָ֙ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כָּל־נֵ֥תַח ט֖וֹב יָרֵ֣ךְ וְכָתֵ֑ף מִבְחַ֥ר עֲצָמִ֖ים מַלֵּֽא׃ |
Add its ingredients to it – Every fine piece of thigh and shoulder; Fill it with choice joints. |
add its ingredients ← gather its pieces.
joints ← bones. |
| Ezek 24:5 | מִבְחַ֤ר הַצֹּאן֙ לָק֔וֹחַ וְגַ֛ם דּ֥וּר הָעֲצָמִ֖ים תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ רַתַּ֣ח רְתָחֶ֔יהָ גַּם־בָּשְׁל֥וּ עֲצָמֶ֖יהָ בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ ס |
Take the choice of the small cattle, And also burn the bones under it, And boil it thoroughly, And also cook its bones with it.» |
take: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
burn: an option in [ST] (faire brûler); others, a heap. boil it thoroughly: verb and cognate noun. with it ← inside it. |
| Ezek 24:6 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה אוֹי֮ עִ֣יר הַדָּמִים֒ סִ֚יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֶלְאָתָ֣ה בָ֔הּ וְחֶ֨לְאָתָ֔הּ לֹ֥א יָצְאָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נָּה לִנְתָחֶ֤יהָ לִנְתָחֶ֙יהָ֙ הוֹצִיאָ֔הּ לֹא־נָפַ֥ל עָלֶ֖יהָ גּוֹרָֽל׃ |
Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Woe, City of Blood, Pot which has scum in it, Which the scum does not come out of. Bring it out piece by piece. No lot shall be cast for it. |
this is what ← thus.
blood ← bloods. scum (2x): or rust, or verdigris. piece by piece ← by its pieces, by its pieces. no lot shall be cast for it: the ↴ |
| Ezek 24:7 | כִּ֤י דָמָהּ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֣הּ הָיָ֔ה עַל־צְחִ֥יחַ סֶ֖לַע שָׂמָ֑תְהוּ לֹ֤א שְׁפָכַ֙תְהוּ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְכַסּ֥וֹת עָלָ֖יו עָפָֽר׃ |
For her blood is within her confines; She has put it on a dry surface of a rock. She did not put it on the ground, So having it covered with dust. |
↳ city was to be destroyed, not shared out by lot [CB].
dry: or shining. AV differs (top of). ground ← land. |
| Ezek 24:8 | לְהַעֲל֤וֹת חֵמָה֙ לִנְקֹ֣ם נָקָ֔ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־דָּמָ֖הּ עַל־צְחִ֣יחַ סָ֑לַע לְבִלְתִּ֖י הִכָּסֽוֹת׃ פ |
It is to arouse fury – To exact vengeance – That I have put her blood on a dry surface of a rock, To prevent it being covered over.» |
arouse ← bring up.
dry: see Ezek 24:7. to prevent ← so that not. |
| Ezek 24:9 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה א֖וֹי עִ֣יר הַדָּמִ֑ים גַּם־אֲנִ֖י אַגְדִּ֥יל הַמְּדוּרָֽה׃ |
Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Woe to the City of Blood. I for my part will make the bonfire large. |
this is what ← thus.
Blood ← bloods. for my part ← also. |
| Ezek 24:10 | הַרְבֵּ֤ה הָעֵצִים֙ הַדְלֵ֣ק הָאֵ֔שׁ הָתֵ֖ם הַבָּשָׂ֑ר וְהַרְקַח֙ הַמֶּרְקָחָ֔ה וְהָעֲצָמ֖וֹת יֵחָֽרוּ׃ |
Increase the amount of wood, Light the fire, Prepare the flesh; Spice the ointment, And let the bones be burned. |
be burned: perhaps as fuel; see Ezek 24:5. Bones contain some combustible material. |
| Ezek 24:11 | וְהַעֲמִידֶ֥הָ עַל־גֶּחָלֶ֖יהָ רֵקָ֑ה לְמַ֨עַן תֵּחַ֜ם וְחָ֣רָה נְחֻשְׁתָּ֗הּ וְנִתְּכָ֤ה בְתוֹכָהּ֙ טֻמְאָתָ֔הּ תִּתֻּ֖ם חֶלְאָתָֽהּ׃ |
And stand it empty on its burning coals So that it becomes hot, And its copper burns, And its uncleanness melts inside it, And its scum is consumed. |
it: feminine, referring to the city.
burns: perhaps meaning becomes red hot. But hot copper does oxidize, becoming black. scum: see Ezek 24:6. |
| Ezek 24:12 | תְּאֻנִ֖ים הֶלְאָ֑ת וְלֹֽא־תֵצֵ֤א מִמֶּ֙נָּה֙ רַבַּ֣ת חֶלְאָתָ֔הּ בְּאֵ֖שׁ חֶלְאָתָֽהּ׃ |
She has caused weariness with vain actions, And the large quantity of her scum has not come out of her. In the fire with her scum! |
caused weariness: in an Aramaic form.
scum (2x): see Ezek 24:6. |
| Ezek 24:13 | בְּטֻמְאָתֵ֖ךְ זִמָּ֑ה יַ֤עַן טִֽהַרְתִּיךְ֙ וְלֹ֣א טָהַ֔רְתְּ מִטֻּמְאָתֵךְ֙ לֹ֣א תִטְהֲרִי־ע֔וֹד עַד־הֲנִיחִ֥י אֶת־חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽךְ׃ |
In your uncleanness is your unchaste way, Because I cleansed you, But you did not become clean. You will not be cleansed of your uncleanness any more Until I have laid my fury on you. |
become clean: i.e. become intrinsically clean (new heart needed). |
| Ezek 24:14 | אֲנִ֨י יְהוָ֤ה דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ בָּאָ֣ה וְעָשִׂ֔יתִי לֹֽא־אֶפְרַ֥ע וְלֹא־אָח֖וּס וְלֹ֣א אֶנָּחֵ֑ם כִּדְרָכַ֤יִךְ וְכַעֲלִילוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ שְׁפָט֔וּךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ פ |
I, the Lord, have spoken. It will come, And I will do it. I will not relent, Nor will I have pity, Nor will I show compassion. They will judge you according to your ways And according to your deeds, Says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” |
relent ← exempt, reject. |
| Ezek 24:15 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 24:16 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנְנִ֨י לֹקֵ֧חַ מִמְּךָ֛ אֶת־מַחְמַ֥ד עֵינֶ֖יךָ בְּמַגֵּפָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִסְפֹּד֙ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכֶּ֔ה וְל֥וֹא תָב֖וֹא דִּמְעָתֶֽךָ׃ | “Son of Adam, I am about to take the delight of your eye away from you with a plague, but you shall not mourn, and you shall not weep, and your tears shall not come. |
I am about to ← behold me.
the delight of your eye: i.e., [CB], Ezekiel's wife, put for Jerusalem. See Ezek 24:18. tears ← tear, collective usage. |
| Ezek 24:17 | הֵאָנֵ֣ק ׀ דֹּ֗ם מֵתִים֙ אֵ֣בֶל לֹֽא־תַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה פְאֵֽרְךָ֙ חֲב֣וֹשׁ עָלֶ֔יךָ וּנְעָלֶ֖יךָ תָּשִׂ֣ים בְּרַגְלֶ֑יךָ וְלֹ֤א תַעְטֶה֙ עַל־שָׂפָ֔ם וְלֶ֥חֶם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל׃ | Silence any groaning, do not mourn for the dead; put your turban on, and put your shoes on your feet, and do not cover your moustache, and do not eat bread brought by other people.” |
silence any groaning ← be silent to groan.
put ... on ← bind ... on you. brought by other people ← of man, i.e. brought by comforters. |
| Ezek 24:18 | וָאֲדַבֵּ֤ר אֶל־הָעָם֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַתָּ֥מָת אִשְׁתִּ֖י בָּעָ֑רֶב וָאַ֥עַשׂ בַּבֹּ֖קֶר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ | So I spoke to people in the morning, and my wife died in the evening. Then I acted in the morning as I had been commanded. | |
| Ezek 24:19 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלַ֖י הָעָ֑ם הֲלֹֽא־תַגִּ֥יד לָ֙נוּ֙ מָה־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֔נוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃ | Then the people said to me, “Will you not tell us what these things which you are doing mean to us?” | |
| Ezek 24:20 | וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם דְּבַ֨ר־יְהוָ֔ה הָיָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | So I said to them, “The word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 24:21 | אֱמֹ֣ר ׀ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנְנִ֨י מְחַלֵּ֤ל אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי֙ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֔ם מַחְמַ֥ד עֵֽינֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַחְמַ֣ל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וּבְנֵיכֶ֧ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲזַבְתֶּ֖ם בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃ | ‘Say to the house of Israel, «This is what my Lord the Lord says: ‹I am about to profane my sanctuary, the magnificence of your strength, the delight of your eyes and the object of your tender affection. And your sons and your daughters whom you have left behind will fall by the sword. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. the object of your tender affection ← the object of compassion of your souls. whom: our punctuation shows that we take the relative clause as defining (so not applicable to all your sons and daughters). |
| Ezek 24:22 | וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑יתִי עַל־שָׂפָם֙ לֹ֣א תַעְט֔וּ וְלֶ֥חֶם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ | And you shall do what I have done. You shall not cover your moustache, and you shall not eat bread brought by other people. | cover your moustache ... brought by other people: see Ezek 24:17. |
| Ezek 24:23 | וּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣ם עַל־רָאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִסְפְּד֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכּ֑וּ וּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙ בַּעֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְהַמְתֶּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִֽיו׃ | And wear your turbans on your heads and your shoes on your feet. You shall not mourn, and you shall not weep. And you will waste away in your iniquities, and you will groan to each other. | to each other ← each / a man to his brother. |
| Ezek 24:24 | וְהָיָ֨ה יְחֶזְקֵ֤אל לָכֶם֙ לְמוֹפֵ֔ת כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ בְּבֹאָ֕הּ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And Ezekiel will be a sign to you. Do according to everything he has done. When it comes to you, you will know that I am the Lord, the Lord.› » | sign ← wonder. |
| Ezek 24:25 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הֲל֗וֹא בְּי֨וֹם קַחְתִּ֤י מֵהֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֣עוּזָּ֔ם מְשׂ֖וֹשׂ תִּפְאַרְתָּ֑ם אֶת־מַחְמַ֤ד עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־מַשָּׂ֣א נַפְשָׁ֔ם בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And as for you, son of Adam, will it not be on the day when I take their stronghold from them, their magnificent object of joy, the delight of their eyes and what is dear to their heart – their sons and their daughters – |
their magnificent object of joy ← the joy of their magnificence, a Hebraic genitive.
what is dear to their heart ← the lifting of their soul. |
| Ezek 24:26 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יָב֥וֹא הַפָּלִ֖יט אֵלֶ֑יךָ לְהַשְׁמָע֖וּת אָזְנָֽיִם׃ | on that day, will it not be that an escapee will come to you to give information. | to give information ← a causing to hear of ears. |
| Ezek 24:27 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִפָּ֤תַח פִּ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־הַפָּלִ֔יט וּתְדַבֵּ֕ר וְלֹ֥א תֵֽאָלֵ֖ם ע֑וֹד וְהָיִ֤יתָ לָהֶם֙ לְמוֹפֵ֔ת וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | On that day your mouth will be opened with the escapee, and you will speak, for you will no longer be mute, and you will be a sign to them, and they will know that I am the Lord.’ ” | sign ← wonder. |
| Ezek 25:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 25:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | “Son of Adam, direct your attention to the Ammonites and prophesy against them, |
direct your attention ← set your face.
Ammonites ← sons of Ammon. |
| Ezek 25:3 | וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה יַעַן֩ אָמְרֵ֨ךְ הֶאָ֜ח אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י כִֽי־נִחָ֗ל וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּ֣י נָשַׁ֔מָּה וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּ֥י הָלְכ֖וּ בַּגּוֹלָֽה׃ | and say to the Ammonites, ‘Hear the word of my Lord the Lord. This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because you said, ‹Ha!› concerning my sanctuary when it was profaned, and concerning the ground of Israel when it was devastated, and concerning the house of Judah when they were deported, |
Ammonites ← sons of Ammon.
this is what ← thus. ha: the Hebrew is an interjection of joy or scorn. were deported ← went into deportation. |
| Ezek 25:4 | לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נֹתְנָ֨ךְ לִבְנֵי־קֶ֜דֶם לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֗ה וְיִשְּׁב֤וּ טִירֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְנָ֥תְנוּ בָ֖ךְ מִשְׁכְּנֵיהֶ֑ם הֵ֚מָּה יֹאכְל֣וּ פִרְיֵ֔ךְ וְהֵ֖מָּה יִשְׁתּ֥וּ חֲלָבֵֽךְ׃ | I am about to deliver you to the easterners as a possession, and they will station their encampments among you, and they will locate their tent sites among you. They will devour your fruit, and they will drink your milk. |
I am about to ← behold me.
encampments: so [BDB], [CB]. [AnLx]= row or range of buildings. |
| Ezek 25:5 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־רַבָּה֙ לִנְוֵ֣ה גְמַלִּ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְמִרְבַּץ־צֹ֑אן וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels, and the Ammonite territory a place for sheep to lie down, and you will know that I am the Lord. | |
| Ezek 25:6 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן מַחְאֲךָ֣ יָ֔ד וְרַקְעֲךָ֖ בְּרָ֑גֶל וַתִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ֙ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ אֶל־אַדְמַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‹Because you have clapped your hands and stamped with your feet and have rejoiced inwardly with all your contempt for the ground of Israel, |
this is what ← thus.
inwardly ← in soul. |
| Ezek 25:7 | לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֤יךָֽ־*לבג **לְבַז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךָ מִן־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת אַשְׁמִ֣ידְךָ֔ וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | I for my part have stretched out my hand over you, and I will make you {Q: a spoil} [K: food] for the Gentiles, and I will cut you off from being one of the various peoples, and I will eliminate you from the various countries. I will destroy you, and you will know that I am the Lord.› » ’ | I for my part ← behold me. |
| Ezek 25:8 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֗עַן אֲמֹ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ וְשֵׂעִ֔יר הִנֵּ֥ה כְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ | This is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Because Moab and Seir say, «Look, the house of Judah is like all the Gentiles», | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 25:9 | לָכֵן֩ הִנְנִ֨י פֹתֵ֜חַ אֶת־כֶּ֤תֶף מוֹאָב֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מֵֽעָרָ֖יו מִקָּצֵ֑הוּ צְבִ֗י אֶ֚רֶץ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁימֹ֔ת בַּ֥עַל מְע֖וֹן *וקריתמה **וְקִרְיָתָֽיְמָה׃ | I am about to open up the side of Moab, from the cities, from its cities at its border – the magnificence of the land of Beth-Jeshimoth, Baal-Meon and as far as Kiriathaim – |
as far as Kiriathaim: the ketiv can be regarded as ↴
I am about to ← behold me. side ← shoulder. |
| Ezek 25:10 | לִבְנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ עַל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּנְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן לֹֽא־תִזָּכֵ֥ר בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ | to the easterners, together with the Ammonites. And I will give it as a possession, so that the Ammonites may no longer be remembered among the nations. | ↳ a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. The locative ending supplies as far as. |
| Ezek 25:11 | וּבְמוֹאָ֖ב אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה שְׁפָטִ֑ים וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will administer judgments in Moab, and they will know that I am the Lord.’ | |
| Ezek 25:12 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃ | This is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Because Edom has acted by taking vengeance on the house of Judah, and they have incurred great guilt and avenged themselves on them, |
this is what ← thus.
by taking vengeance: gerundial use of the infinitive. they have incurred great guilt: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 25:13 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְנָטִ֤תִי יָדִי֙ עַל־אֱד֔וֹם וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֣ם וּבְהֵמָ֑ה וּנְתַתִּ֤יהָ חָרְבָּה֙ מִתֵּימָ֔ן וּדְדָ֖נֶה בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃ | this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «I will stretch out my hand over Edom, and I will cut off from her man and beast, and I will make her more of a wasteland than Teman, and the Dedanites will fall by the sword. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 25:14 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶת־נִקְמָתִ֜י בֶּאֱד֗וֹם בְּיַד֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעָשׂ֣וּ בֶאֱד֔וֹם כְּאַפִּ֖י וְכַחֲמָתִ֑י וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־נִקְמָתִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And I will appoint my vengeance on Edom through the agency of my people Israel, and they will deal with Edom according to my anger and according to my fury, and they will know my vengeance, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ | agency ← hand. |
| Ezek 25:15 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בִּנְקָמָ֑ה וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ נָקָם֙ בִּשְׁאָ֣ט בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ לְמַשְׁחִ֖ית אֵיבַ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ | This is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Because the Philistines have dealt in vengeance and have taken vengeance with inward contempt to settle a longstanding enmity, |
this is what ← thus.
with inward contempt ← in contempt of soul. to settle ← for the ruin of. longstanding ← age-old. |
| Ezek 25:16 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י נוֹטֶ֤ה יָדִי֙ עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י אֶת־כְּרֵתִ֑ים וְהַ֣אֲבַדְתִּ֔י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֖ית ח֥וֹף הַיָּֽם׃ | this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «I am about to stretch my hand out over the Philistines, and I will cut the Cherethites off, and I will destroy the remainder of the sea coast. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. Cherethites: AV= Cherethims. |
| Ezek 25:17 | וְעָשִׂ֤יתִי בָם֙ נְקָמ֣וֹת גְּדֹל֔וֹת בְּתוֹכְח֖וֹת חֵמָ֑ה וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בְּתִתִּ֥י אֶת־נִקְמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃ ס | And I will exact great vengeance on them with furious punishments, and they will know that I am the Lord when I bring my vengeance on them.» ’ ” |
furious punishments ← punishments of fury, a Hebraic genitive.
bring ← give; put. |
| Ezek 26:1 | וַיְהִ֛י בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass in the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 26:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁר־אָ֨מְרָה צֹּ֤ר עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ הֶאָ֔ח נִשְׁבְּרָ֛ה דַּלְת֥וֹת הָעַמִּ֖ים נָסֵ֣בָּה אֵלָ֑י אִמָּלְאָ֖ה הָחֳרָֽבָה׃ | “Son of Adam, because Tyre has said concerning Jerusalem, ‘Ha! She who was the gateway of the various peoples is broken. She has been diverted to me. I will be filled; she has been laid waste’, |
ha: see Ezek 25:3.
gateway ← doors. she has been diverted: i.e. her trade has been diverted [CB]. |
| Ezek 26:3 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ צֹ֑ר וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים כְּהַעֲל֥וֹת הַיָּ֖ם לְגַלָּֽיו׃ | this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘I am here against you, Tyre, and I will bring many nations up against you, as the sea brings its waves up, |
this is what ← thus.
I am here ← behold me. |
| Ezek 26:4 | וְשִׁחֲת֞וּ חֹמ֣וֹת צֹ֗ר וְהָֽרְסוּ֙ מִגְדָּלֶ֔יהָ וְסִֽחֵיתִ֥י עֲפָרָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אוֹתָ֖הּ לִצְחִ֥יחַ סָֽלַע׃ | and they will pull down the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. Then I will sweep her dust away from her, and I will make her a dry rock. | dry: or shining. AV differs (top of). See Ezek 24:7. |
| Ezek 26:5 | מִשְׁטַ֨ח חֲרָמִ֤ים תִּֽהְיֶה֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיָּ֔ם כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י דִבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְבַ֖ז לַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | It will be a place for spreading out nets in the middle of the sea, for I have spoken, says the Lord, the Lord, and it will be spoil to the nations. | |
| Ezek 26:6 | וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה בַּחֶ֖רֶב תֵּהָרַ֑גְנָה וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And her daughters in the countryside will be killed by the sword, and they will know that I am the Lord. | daughters: i.e. satellite villages. |
| Ezek 26:7 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֧י מֵבִ֣יא אֶל־צֹ֗ר נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל מִצָּפ֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ מְלָכִ֑ים בְּס֛וּס וּבְרֶ֥כֶב וּבְפָרָשִׁ֖ים וְקָהָ֥ל וְעַם־רָֽב׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «I am about to bring to Tyre Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, from the north, the king of kings, with cavalry and with chariots and with horsemen, and a contingent, and many people. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. cavalry ← horse. |
| Ezek 26:8 | בְּנוֹתַ֥יִךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה בַּחֶ֣רֶב יַהֲרֹ֑ג וְנָתַ֨ן עָלַ֜יִךְ דָּיֵ֗ק וְשָׁפַ֤ךְ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ סֹֽלְלָ֔ה וְהֵקִ֥ים עָלַ֖יִךְ צִנָּֽה׃ | He will kill your daughters in the field by the sword, and he will place a wall of circumvallation against you. And he will cast up a rampart against you, and he will raise the buckler against you. | buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ezek 26:9 | וּמְחִ֣י קָֽבָלּ֔וֹ יִתֵּ֖ן בְּחֹֽמוֹתָ֑יִךְ וּמִ֨גְדְּלֹתַ֔יִךְ יִתֹּ֖ץ בְּחַרְבוֹתָֽיו׃ | And he will use battering rams on your walls, and he will demolish your towers with his axes. |
use battering rams ← give striking of his battering ram.
walls: or double wall, also in Ezek 26:10, Ezek 26:12. axes ← swords, but also ↴ |
| Ezek 26:10 | מִשִּׁפְעַ֥ת סוּסָ֖יו יְכַסֵּ֣ךְ אֲבָקָ֑ם מִקּוֹל֩ פָּרַ֨שׁ וְגַלְגַּ֜ל וָרֶ֗כֶב תִּרְעַ֙שְׁנָה֙ חֽוֹמוֹתַ֔יִךְ בְּבֹאוֹ֙ בִּשְׁעָרַ֔יִךְ כִּמְבוֹאֵ֖י עִ֥יר מְבֻקָּעָֽה׃ | Because of the large number of his horses, their dust will cover you; your walls will shake at the sound of horsemen and wheels and chariots, when he comes to your gates, as the influx into a breached city. |
↳ other implements with a sharp edge.
large number ← abundance. influx into ← enterings of. |
| Ezek 26:11 | בְּפַרְס֣וֹת סוּסָ֔יו יִרְמֹ֖ס אֶת־כָּל־חֽוּצוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַמֵּךְ֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יַהֲרֹ֔ג וּמַצְּב֥וֹת עֻזֵּ֖ךְ לָאָ֥רֶץ תֵּרֵֽד׃ | He will trample on all your outlying areas with the hooves of his horses; he will kill your people by the sword, and your strong idolatrous statues will fall to the ground. | your strong idolatrous statues ← the (idolatrous) statues of your strength, a Hebraic genitive. AV differs (garrisons), from מַצָּב not מַצֵּבָה. |
| Ezek 26:12 | וְשָׁלְל֣וּ חֵילֵ֗ךְ וּבָֽזְזוּ֙ רְכֻלָּתֵ֔ךְ וְהָֽרְסוּ֙ חוֹמוֹתַ֔יִךְ וּבָתֵּ֥י חֶמְדָּתֵ֖ךְ יִתֹּ֑צוּ וַאֲבָנַ֤יִךְ וְעֵצַ֙יִךְ֙ וַֽעֲפָרֵ֔ךְ בְּת֥וֹךְ מַ֖יִם יָשִֽׂימוּ׃ | And they will plunder your wealth and take your merchandise as spoil, and they will demolish your walls and pull down your delightful houses, and they will put your stones and your timbers and your dust in the water. |
your delightful houses ← the houses of your delight, a Hebraic genitive.
in ← inside. |
| Ezek 26:13 | וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֖י הֲמ֣וֹן שִׁירָ֑יִךְ וְק֣וֹל כִּנּוֹרַ֔יִךְ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עֽוֹד׃ | And I will put a stop to the sound of your songs, and the tones of your harps will not be heard any more. |
Rev 18:22.
tones ← voice. |
| Ezek 26:14 | וּנְתַתִּ֞יךְ לִצְחִ֣יחַ סֶ֗לַע מִשְׁטַ֤ח חֲרָמִים֙ תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִבָּנֶ֖ה ע֑וֹד כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And I will make you a dry rock; you will be a place for spreading nets. You will not be built any more, for I, the Lord, have spoken, says the Lord, the Lord.» |
dry: see Ezek 26:4.
you will be ... you will not be built ← it ... it .... On the translation as second person (you), see [Ges-HG] §47k. |
| Ezek 26:15 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה לְצ֑וֹר הֲלֹ֣א ׀ מִקּ֣וֹל מַפַּלְתֵּ֗ךְ בֶּאֱנֹ֨ק חָלָ֜ל בֵּהָ֤רֵֽג הֶ֙רֶג֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֔ךְ יִרְעֲשׁ֖וּ הָאִיִּֽים׃ | This is what the Lord, the Lord, says to Tyre: «Will not the coastlands tremble at the sound of your fall, at the groaning of the casualties, at the killing taking place within your precincts? |
this is what ← thus.
casualties ← casualty. Collective usage. the killing taking place ← at being killed (with) killing. your precincts ← you. |
| Ezek 26:16 | וְֽיָרְד֞וּ מֵעַ֣ל כִּסְאוֹתָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהֵסִ֙ירוּ֙ אֶת־מְעִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתָ֖ם יִפְשֹׁ֑טוּ חֲרָד֤וֹת ׀ יִלְבָּ֙שׁוּ֙ עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ וְחָֽרְדוּ֙ לִרְגָעִ֔ים וְשָׁמְמ֖וּ עָלָֽיִךְ׃ | And all the princely seafarers will come down from their thrones and remove their robes, and they will take their embroidered clothing off. They will put on tremblings, they will sit on the ground, they will tremble all the time and they will be astonished at you. |
princely seafarers ← princes of the sea.
embroidered clothing ← garments of embroidery. ground ← land. all the time ← for moments. [AnLx] has suddenly, but only for this verse. |
| Ezek 26:17 | וְנָשְׂא֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ קִינָה֙ וְאָ֣מְרוּ לָ֔ךְ אֵ֣יךְ אָבַ֔דְתְּ נוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת מִיַּמִּ֑ים הָעִ֣יר הַהֻלָּ֗לָה אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיְתָ֨ה חֲזָקָ֤ה בַיָּם֙ הִ֣יא וְיֹשְׁבֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנ֥וּ חִתִּיתָ֖ם לְכָל־יוֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃ |
And they will deliver a lamentation for you, and they will say to you,
‹How you have perished, You who were inhabited by virtue of maritime activity, The renowned city which was strong on the sea – She and her inhabitants – Where fear is instilled in all her inhabitants. |
renowned ← praised.
inhabitants ... inhabitants: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. fear is instilled ← they give / put their fear. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 26:18 | עַתָּה֙ יֶחְרְד֣וּ הָֽאִיִּ֔ן י֖וֹם מַפַּלְתֵּ֑ךְ וְנִבְהֲל֛וּ הָאִיִּ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בַּיָּ֖ם מִצֵּאתֵֽךְ׃ ס |
Now the maritime countries will tremble, On the day of your fall. And the island countries which are in the sea Will be terrified at your demise.› |
maritime countries (first occurrence in verse): in an Aramaic form.
demise ← exiting. |
| Ezek 26:19 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה בְּתִתִּ֤י אֹתָךְ֙ עִ֣יר נֶחֱרֶ֔בֶת כֶּעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נוֹשָׁ֑בוּ בְּהַעֲל֤וֹת עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וְכִסּ֖וּךְ הַמַּ֥יִם הָרַבִּֽים׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‹When I make you a desolate city like the cities which are not inhabited, when I bring the ocean over you, and abundant waters cover you, |
this is what ← thus.
ocean: or abyss. |
| Ezek 26:20 | וְהוֹרַדְתִּיךְ֩ אֶת־י֨וֹרְדֵי ב֜וֹר אֶל־עַ֣ם עוֹלָ֗ם וְ֠הוֹשַׁבְתִּיךְ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ תַּחְתִּיּ֜וֹת כָּחֳרָב֤וֹת מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֔וֹר לְמַ֖עַן לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֑בִי וְנָתַתִּ֥י צְבִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃ | I will bring you down with those who go down into the pit, to the people of a past age, and I will install you in the underworld – indeed the desolate places of a past age – with those who descend into the pit, so that you will not be inhabited, and I will display splendour in the land of the living. |
underworld ← land of lower (places).
display ← give. |
| Ezek 26:21 | בַּלָּה֥וֹת אֶתְּנֵ֖ךְ וְאֵינֵ֑ךְ וּֽתְבֻקְשִׁ֗י וְלֹֽא־תִמָּצְאִ֥י עוֹד֙ לְעוֹלָ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ ס | I will appoint you terrors, and you will be no more, and you will be sought but not found any more, age-abidingly, says the Lord, the Lord.› » ’ ” | |
| Ezek 27:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 27:2 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם שָׂ֥א עַל־צֹ֖ר קִינָֽה׃ | “And you, son of Adam, deliver a lamentation for Tyre, | Tyre: AV= Tyrus throughout Ezekiel, but elsewhere in many places Tyre. |
| Ezek 27:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לְצ֗וֹר *הישבתי **הַיֹּשֶׁ֙בֶת֙ עַל־מְבוֹאֹ֣ת יָ֔ם רֹכֶ֙לֶת֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֶל־אִיִּ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה צ֕וֹר אַ֣תְּ אָמַ֔רְתְּ אֲנִ֖י כְּלִ֥ילַת יֹֽפִי׃ |
And say to Tyre,
‘You who dwell at the entrance routes from the sea, The merchant of the various peoples, Trading with many maritime countries, This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Tyre, you have said, ‹I am the perfection of beauty.› |
you who dwell: the ketiv can be regarded as a (perhaps colloquial) variant form of the qeré.
from the sea ← of the sea. Wider use of the construct state. this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 27:4 | בְּלֵ֥ב יַמִּ֖ים גְּבוּלָ֑יִךְ בֹּנַ֕יִךְ כָּלְל֖וּ יָפְיֵֽךְ׃ |
Your borders are in the heart of the seas; Your builders have perfected your beauty. |
in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. Perhaps standing for as far in the sea as the ships go. |
| Ezek 27:5 | בְּרוֹשִׁ֤ים מִשְּׂנִיר֙ בָּ֣נוּ לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־לֻֽחֹתָ֑יִם אֶ֤רֶז מִלְּבָנוֹן֙ לָקָ֔חוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת תֹּ֖רֶן עָלָֽיִךְ׃ |
They have constructed all your hull planks from cypress from Senir; They have taken cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for you. |
hull planks ← boards, so perhaps decking, but see Ezek 27:6; [AnLx]= boarding, deck. |
| Ezek 27:6 | אַלּוֹנִים֙ מִבָּ֔שָׁן עָשׂ֖וּ מִשּׁוֹטָ֑יִךְ קַרְשֵׁ֤ךְ עָֽשׂוּ־שֵׁן֙ בַּת־אֲשֻׁרִ֔ים מֵאִיֵּ֖י *כתים **כִּתִּיִּֽים׃ |
They made your oars from terebinths from Bashan. The daughters of the Assyrians made your benches with ivory from the islands of Chittim. |
the daughters of the Assyrians ← the daughter of the Assyrians, but with regrouped and re-pointed letters, בִּתְאַשֻׁרִים, with box trees. The plural Assyrians only here.
Chittim: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. benches: as [AnLx]. We ↴ |
| Ezek 27:7 | שֵׁשׁ־בְּרִקְמָ֤ה מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הָיָ֣ה מִפְרָשֵׂ֔ךְ לִהְי֥וֹת לָ֖ךְ לְנֵ֑ס תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן מֵאִיֵּ֥י אֱלִישָׁ֖ה הָיָ֥ה מְכַסֵּֽךְ׃ |
Your material to be made into your sail Was fine linen with embroidery from Egypt; Your dress Was blue and purple from the islands of Elishah. |
↳ assume the ships had benches rather than decks.
material ← sail material. dress ← covering. |
| Ezek 27:8 | יֹשְׁבֵ֤י צִידוֹן֙ וְאַרְוַ֔ד הָי֥וּ שָׁטִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ חֲכָמַ֤יִךְ צוֹר֙ הָ֣יוּ בָ֔ךְ הֵ֖מָּה חֹבְלָֽיִךְ׃ |
The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers. Your skilled men, O Tyre, Were present in your precincts; They were your ships' captains. |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15.
your precincts ← you. |
| Ezek 27:9 | זִקְנֵ֨י גְבַ֤ל וַחֲכָמֶ֙יהָ֙ הָ֣יוּ בָ֔ךְ מַחֲזִיקֵ֖י בִּדְקֵ֑ךְ כָּל־אֳנִיּ֨וֹת הַיָּ֤ם וּמַלָּֽחֵיהֶם֙ הָ֣יוּ בָ֔ךְ לַעֲרֹ֖ב מַעֲרָבֵֽךְ׃ |
The elders of Gebal and its skilled men were present in your precincts, Sealing your ships' leaks. All the ships of the sea and their sailors were present in your confines To trade your wares. |
your precincts ... your confines ← you ... you.
sealing: or repairing. leaks ← breach. |
| Ezek 27:10 | פָּרַ֨ס וְל֤וּד וּפוּט֙ הָי֣וּ בְחֵילֵ֔ךְ אַנְשֵׁ֖י מִלְחַמְתֵּ֑ךְ מָגֵ֤ן וְכוֹבַע֙ תִּלּוּ־בָ֔ךְ הֵ֖מָּה נָתְנ֥וּ הֲדָרֵֽךְ׃ |
Men from Persia and Lud and Put were in your forces – Your men of war. They hung shield and helmet on display in you; They gave you your dignity. |
Put: see Gen 10:6.
your men of war ← the men of your war. |
| Ezek 27:11 | בְּנֵ֧י אַרְוַ֣ד וְחֵילֵ֗ךְ עַל־חוֹמוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְגַ֨מָּדִ֔ים בְּמִגְדְּלוֹתַ֖יִךְ הָי֑וּ שִׁלְטֵיהֶ֞ם תִּלּ֤וּ עַל־חוֹמוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ סָבִ֔יב הֵ֖מָּה כָּלְל֥וּ יָפְיֵֽךְ׃ |
The sons of Arvad and your forces were stationed on your walls round about, And there were bold warriors on your towers. They hung their shields on your walls round about; They perfected your beauty. |
bold warriors: AV differs (Gammadims), a name. |
| Ezek 27:12 | תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ סֹחַרְתֵּ֖ךְ מֵרֹ֣ב כָּל־ה֑וֹן בְּכֶ֤סֶף בַּרְזֶל֙ בְּדִ֣יל וְעוֹפֶ֔רֶת נָתְנ֖וּ עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ | Tarshish was your trading partner, because of the abundance of all kinds of wealth. They traded for your merchandise with silver, iron, tin and lead. |
traded ← gave.
Verses 12-24 have a certain poetic quality, but not as pronounced as the foregoing. |
| Ezek 27:13 | יָוָ֤ן תֻּבַל֙ וָמֶ֔שֶׁךְ הֵ֖מָּה רֹֽכְלָ֑יִךְ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ אָדָם֙ וּכְלֵ֣י נְחֹ֔שֶׁת נָתְנ֖וּ מַעֲרָבֵֽךְ׃ | Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your trading partners, trading in people, and they traded articles of copper for your wares. |
Rev 18:13.
Javan: i.e. Ionia. people ← souls of men, i.e. slaves. traded ← gave. |
| Ezek 27:14 | מִבֵּ֖ית תּוֹגַרְמָ֑ה סוּסִ֤ים וּפָֽרָשִׁים֙ וּפְרָדִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ | Those from the house of Togarmah traded horses and horsemen and mules for your merchandise. | traded ← gave. |
| Ezek 27:15 | בְּנֵ֤י דְדָן֙ רֹֽכְלַ֔יִךְ אִיִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים סְחֹרַ֣ת יָדֵ֑ךְ קַרְנ֥וֹת שֵׁן֙ *והובנים **וְהָבְנִ֔ים הֵשִׁ֖יבוּ אֶשְׁכָּרֵֽךְ׃ | The sons of Dedan were trading partners of yours; many maritime countries traded the merchandise you deal in. They offered horns of ivory, and ebony as a gift to you. |
ebony: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
you deal in ← of your hand. horns of ivory: perhaps tusks. |
| Ezek 27:16 | אֲרָ֥ם סֹחַרְתֵּ֖ךְ מֵרֹ֣ב מַעֲשָׂ֑יִךְ בְּ֠נֹפֶךְ אַרְגָּמָ֨ן וְרִקְמָ֤ה וּבוּץ֙ וְרָאמֹ֣ת וְכַדְכֹּ֔ד נָתְנ֖וּ בְּעִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ | Aramaea was your trading partner, because of the abundance of your products, in chrysoprase, purple material and embroidery and fine linen and precious things and rubies, which they traded for your merchandise. |
products ← works, e.g. of an artificer.
precious things: perhaps corals; see [BDB]. traded ← gave. |
| Ezek 27:17 | יְהוּדָה֙ וְאֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵ֖מָּה רֹכְלָ֑יִךְ בְּחִטֵּ֣י מִ֠נִּית וּפַנַּ֨ג וּדְבַ֤שׁ וָשֶׁ֙מֶן֙ וָצֹ֔רִי נָתְנ֖וּ מַעֲרָבֵֽךְ׃ | Judah and the land of Israel were trading partners of yours; they traded with you in wheat from Minnith and Pannag, and honey and oil and balsam resin for your wares. | traded ← gave. |
| Ezek 27:18 | דַּמֶּ֧שֶׂק סֹחַרְתֵּ֛ךְ בְּרֹ֥ב מַעֲשַׂ֖יִךְ מֵרֹ֣ב כָּל־ה֑וֹן בְּיֵ֥ין חֶלְבּ֖וֹן וְצֶ֥מֶר צָֽחַר׃ | Damascus was your trading partner in the abundance of your products, because of all the wealth in the wine of Helbon and the brilliant white wool. |
products: see Ezek 27:16.
brilliant white wool ← wool of brilliant whiteness. |
| Ezek 27:19 | וְדָ֤ן וְיָוָן֙ מְאוּזָּ֔ל בְּעִזְבוֹנַ֖יִךְ נָתָ֑נּוּ בַּרְזֶ֤ל עָשׁוֹת֙ קִדָּ֣ה וְקָנֶ֔ה בְּמַעֲרָבֵ֖ךְ הָיָֽה׃ | And Dan and Javan traded spun products for your merchandise. Forged iron, cassia and calamus were among your wares. |
spun products: this could be re-pointed to from Uzal, a name mentioned in Gen 10:27.
Javan: see Ezek 27:13. |
| Ezek 27:20 | דְּדָן֙ רֹֽכַלְתֵּ֔ךְ בְבִגְדֵי־חֹ֖פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּֽה׃ | Dedan was your trading partner in elegant clothes for riding. | elegant clothes ← clothes of elegance ([ST] has magnificence), a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 27:21 | עֲרַב֙ וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר הֵ֖מָּה סֹחֲרֵ֣י יָדֵ֑ךְ בְּכָרִ֤ים וְאֵילִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים בָּ֖ם סֹחֲרָֽיִךְ׃ | Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were trading partners in your produce, for lambs and rams and he-goats. In these things they were your trading partners. | produce ← hand; power. |
| Ezek 27:22 | רֹכְלֵ֤י שְׁבָא֙ וְרַעְמָ֔ה הֵ֖מָּה רֹכְלָ֑יִךְ בְּרֹ֨אשׁ כָּל־בֹּ֜שֶׂם וּבְכָל־אֶ֤בֶן יְקָרָה֙ וְזָהָ֔ב נָתְנ֖וּ עִזְבוֹנָֽיִךְ׃ | The merchants from Sheba and Raamah were your trading partners, foremost in all balsam resin and all gemstones and gold. They traded in your market places. |
foremost in ← at the head of.
traded ← gave. |
| Ezek 27:23 | חָרָ֤ן וְכַנֵּה֙ וָעֶ֔דֶן רֹכְלֵ֖י שְׁבָ֑א אַשּׁ֖וּר כִּלְמַ֥ד רֹכַלְתֵּֽךְ׃ | Haran and Canneh and Eden, the traders of Sheba, Assyria and Chilmad were your trading partners. | trading partners ← trading partner. |
| Ezek 27:24 | הֵ֤מָּה רֹכְלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּמַכְלֻלִ֔ים בִּגְלוֹמֵי֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וְרִקְמָ֔ה וּבְגִנְזֵ֖י בְּרֹמִ֑ים בַּחֲבָלִ֧ים חֲבֻשִׁ֛ים וַאֲרֻזִ֖ים בְּמַרְכֻלְתֵּֽךְ׃ | They were your trading partners in luxury items, in mantles made from blue material, and embroidery and in chests of multi-coloured cloth, bound in cords and made secure, in your market. | luxury ← perfected. |
| Ezek 27:25 | אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ שָׁרוֹתַ֖יִךְ מַעֲרָבֵ֑ךְ וַתִּמָּלְאִ֧י וַֽתִּכְבְּדִ֛י מְאֹ֖ד בְּלֵ֥ב־יַמִּֽים׃ |
The ships of Tarshish were your transportation with your wares, And you were accomplished And very honoured in the heart of the seas. |
transportation: from root שׁוּר; AV differs (singers), from שִׁיר.
accomplished ← filled. in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. |
| Ezek 27:26 | בְּמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ הֱבִיא֔וּךְ הַשָּׁטִ֖ים אֹתָ֑ךְ ר֚וּחַ הַקָּדִ֔ים שְׁבָרֵ֖ךְ בְּלֵ֥ב יַמִּֽים׃ |
Those who rowed you Have brought you to tempestuous water. The east wind has broken you in the heart of the seas. |
tempestuous ← mighty; much. |
| Ezek 27:27 | הוֹנֵךְ֙ וְעִזְבוֹנַ֔יִךְ מַעֲרָבֵ֕ךְ מַלָּחַ֖יִךְ וְחֹבְלָ֑יִךְ מַחֲזִיקֵ֣י בִדְקֵ֣ך וְֽעֹרְבֵ֣י מַ֠עֲרָבֵךְ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִלְחַמְתֵּ֜ךְ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֗ךְ וּבְכָל־קְהָלֵךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹכֵ֔ךְ יִפְּלוּ֙ בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים בְּי֖וֹם מַפַּלְתֵּֽךְ׃ |
Your wealth and your merchandise and your wares And your sailors and your ships' captains, Those who repair your leaks, And your negotiators in trading, And all your men of war who are in your confines, And people throughout your community Who are within your precincts Will fall in the heart of the seas On the day of your demise. |
leaks ← breach.
your negotiators in trading ← negotiators of your trading. in your confines ... within your precincts ← in you ... in you. throughout ← in all. in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. demise ← fall. |
| Ezek 27:28 | לְק֖וֹל זַעֲקַ֣ת חֹבְלָ֑יִךְ יִרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מִגְרֹשֽׁוֹת׃ |
At the sound of the cry of your ships' captains, The open areas will shake. |
open areas: perhaps of the sea; see [CB]. |
| Ezek 27:29 | וְֽיָרְד֞וּ מֵאָנִיּֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֚ל תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָשׁ֔וֹט מַלָּחִ֕ים כֹּ֖ל חֹבְלֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יַעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ |
All who handle the oar, Sailors and all ships' captains on the sea, Will disembark from their ships. They will stand on land, |
|
| Ezek 27:30 | וְהִשְׁמִ֤יעוּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּקוֹלָ֔ם וְיִזְעֲק֖וּ מָרָ֑ה וְיַעֲל֤וּ עָֽפָר֙ עַל־רָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם בָּאֵ֖פֶר יִתְפַּלָּֽשׁוּ׃ |
And they will vociferate against you And shout bitterly, And they will throw dust up over their heads; They will roll around in ash. |
vociferate ← cause with their voice to be heard.
bitterly ← bitterness. |
| Ezek 27:31 | וְהִקְרִ֤יחוּ אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְחָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים וּבָכ֥וּ אֵלַ֛יִךְ בְּמַר־נֶ֖פֶשׁ מִסְפֵּ֥ד מָֽר׃ |
And they will make themselves bald for you, And they will bind sackcloth on, And they will weep for you with bitter feelings And bitter mourning. |
make themselves bald ← “bald” (themselves) bald.
bitter feelings ← bitterness of soul. |
| Ezek 27:32 | וְנָשְׂא֨וּ אֵלַ֤יִךְ בְּנִיהֶם֙ קִינָ֔ה וְקוֹנְנ֖וּ עָלָ֑יִךְ מִ֣י כְצ֔וֹר כְּדֻמָ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃ |
And they will deliver in their lamenting over you A dirge, And they will lament over you, And say, ‹Who is like Tyre, Like desolation In the middle of the sea?› |
they will lament: it would be more concordant to translate they will dirge, but the verb to dirge is rather rare.
desolation: or silence. |
| Ezek 27:33 | בְּצֵ֤את עִזְבוֹנַ֙יִךְ֙ מִיַּמִּ֔ים הִשְׂבַּ֖עַתְּ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים בְּרֹ֤ב הוֹנַ֙יִךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲרָבַ֔יִךְ הֶעֱשַׁ֖רְתְּ מַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
When your merchandise went out by sea, You satisfied many peoples with the abundance of your wealth and wares; You enriched the kings of the earth. |
by sea ← from seas. |
| Ezek 27:34 | עֵ֛ת נִשְׁבֶּ֥רֶת מִיַּמִּ֖ים בְּמַֽעֲמַקֵּי־מָ֑יִם מַעֲרָבֵ֥ךְ וְכָל־קְהָלֵ֖ךְ בְּתוֹכֵ֥ךְ נָפָֽלוּ׃ |
It is the time when you are broken off from the seas With their depths of water. Your trade And the whole of the community in your confines Will collapse. |
|
| Ezek 27:35 | כֹּ֚ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאִיִּ֔ים שָׁמְמ֖וּ עָלָ֑יִךְ וּמַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָׂ֣עֲרוּ שַׂ֔עַר רָעֲמ֖וּ פָּנִֽים׃ |
All the inhabitants of the maritime countries will be astounded at you, When their kings shudder in horror And their faces palpitate. |
shudder in horror ← shudder a shudder. |
| Ezek 27:36 | סֹֽחֲרִים֙ בָּ֣עַמִּ֔ים שָׁרְק֖וּ עָלָ֑יִךְ בַּלָּה֣וֹת הָיִ֔ית וְאֵינֵ֖ךְ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ ס |
Traders among the various peoples will whistle at you. You will be a dreadful scene, And you will be no more, Age-abidingly.» ’ ” |
a dreadful scene ← terrors. |
| Ezek 28:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 28:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֡ם אֱמֹר֩ לִנְגִ֨יד צֹ֜ר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן גָּבַ֤הּ לִבְּךָ֙ וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ל אָ֔נִי מוֹשַׁ֧ב אֱלֹהִ֛ים יָשַׁ֖בְתִּי בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּ֑ים וְאַתָּ֤ה אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וַתִּתֵּ֥ן לִבְּךָ֖ כְּלֵ֥ב אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
“Son of Adam, say to the prince of Tyre, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Because your heart has been proud, You have said, ‹I am God; I sit in the seat of God In the heart of the seas.› But you are a man and not God, And you have inclined your heart To be as if God's heart. |
this is what ← thus.
proud ← high. in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. |
| Ezek 28:3 | הִנֵּ֥ה חָכָ֛ם אַתָּ֖ה *מדנאל **מִדָּֽנִיֵּ֑אל כָּל־סָת֖וּם לֹ֥א עֲמָמֽוּךָ׃ |
Look, you are wiser than Daniel. No secret is hidden from you. |
Daniel: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| Ezek 28:4 | בְּחָכְמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבִתְבוּנָ֣תְךָ֔ עָשִׂ֥יתָ לְּךָ֖ חָ֑יִל וַתַּ֛עַשׂ זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף בְּאוֹצְרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
In your wisdom and your understanding, You have acquired riches, And you have acquired gold and silver in your treasuries. |
riches: or power. |
| Ezek 28:5 | בְּרֹ֧ב חָכְמָתְךָ֛ בִּרְכֻלָּתְךָ֖ הִרְבִּ֣יתָ חֵילֶ֑ךָ וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ לְבָבְךָ֖ בְּחֵילֶֽךָ׃ ס |
By the greatness of your wisdom, By your trade, You have increased your wealth, And your heart has become proud with your wealth. |
wealth ... wealth: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. The same as riches in Ezek 28:4, so also power. |
| Ezek 28:6 | לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֛עַן תִּתְּךָ֥ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ֖ כְּלֵ֥ב אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
That is why this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‹Because you have disposed your heart To be as if God's heart, |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 28:7 | לָכֵ֗ן הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָרִ֔ים עָרִיצֵ֖י גּוֹיִ֑ם וְהֵרִ֤יקוּ חַרְבוֹתָם֙ עַל־יְפִ֣י חָכְמָתֶ֔ךָ וְחִלְּל֖וּ יִפְעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Therefore I am about to bring foreigners against you – Fierce ones from the Gentiles – And they will draw their swords against the excellence of your wisdom, And they will spoil your splendour. |
I am about to ← behold me.
spoil ← profane. |
| Ezek 28:8 | לַשַּׁ֖חַת יֽוֹרִד֑וּךָ וָמַ֛תָּה מְמוֹתֵ֥י חָלָ֖ל בְּלֵ֥ב יַמִּֽים׃ |
They will bring you down into the pit, And you will die the death of him who is struck through, In the heart of the seas. |
death ← deaths, using a poetic form.
in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. |
| Ezek 28:9 | הֶאָמֹ֤ר תֹּאמַר֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אָ֔נִי לִפְנֵ֖י הֹֽרְגֶ֑ךָ וְאַתָּ֥ה אָדָ֛ם וְלֹא־אֵ֖ל בְּיַ֥ד מְחַלְלֶֽיךָ׃ |
Will you really say, "I am God" Before him who will kill you, When you are a man and not God, In the hands of those who will strike you through? |
really say: from the infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 28:10 | מוֹתֵ֧י עֲרֵלִ֛ים תָּמ֖וּת בְּיַד־זָרִ֑ים כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י דִבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס |
You will die the death of the uncircumcised, By the hand of foreigners, For I have spoken it, Says the Lord, the Lord.› » ’ ” |
death ← deaths. |
| Ezek 28:11 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 28:12 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שָׂ֥א קִינָ֖ה עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ צ֑וֹר וְאָמַ֣רְתָּ לּ֗וֹ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אַתָּה֙ חוֹתֵ֣ם תָּכְנִ֔ית מָלֵ֥א חָכְמָ֖ה וּכְלִ֥יל יֹֽפִי׃ |
“Son of Adam, deliver a lamentation to the king of Tyre, and say to him, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«You seal perfection in form. You are full of wisdom And are of absolute beauty. |
this is what ← thus.
absolute beauty ← complete of beauty. |
| Ezek 28:13 | בְּעֵ֨דֶן גַּן־אֱלֹהִ֜ים הָיִ֗יתָ כָּל־אֶ֨בֶן יְקָרָ֤ה מְסֻכָתֶ֙ךָ֙ אֹ֣דֶם פִּטְדָ֞ה וְיָהֲלֹ֗ם תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֙הַם֙ וְיָ֣שְׁפֵ֔ה סַפִּ֣יר נֹ֔פֶךְ וּבָרְקַ֖ת וְזָהָ֑ב מְלֶ֨אכֶת תֻּפֶּ֤יךָ וּנְקָבֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּי֥וֹם הִבָּרַאֲךָ֖ כּוֹנָֽנוּ׃ |
You were in Eden, the garden of God; Every precious gemstone was your covering: Ruby, topaz, and diamond, Chrysolite, onyx, jasper Sapphire, chrysoprase, emerald, And gold. The workmanship of your drums and your bezels was with you; They were prepared on the day when you were created. |
with you: or in you. |
| Ezek 28:14 | אַ֨תְּ־כְּר֔וּב מִמְשַׁ֖ח הַסּוֹכֵ֑ךְ וּנְתַתִּ֗יךָ בְּהַ֨ר קֹ֤דֶשׁ אֱלֹהִים֙ הָיִ֔יתָ בְּת֥וֹךְ אַבְנֵי־אֵ֖שׁ הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּ׃ |
You are the anointed cherub Who acts as a covering, And I appointed you. You have been on the holy mountain of God; You have walked around among the fiery stones. |
fiery stones ← stones of fire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 28:15 | תָּמִ֤ים אַתָּה֙ בִּדְרָכֶ֔יךָ מִיּ֖וֹם הִבָּֽרְאָ֑ךְ עַד־נִמְצָ֥א עַוְלָ֖תָה בָּֽךְ׃ |
You were perfect in your ways From the day you were created Until unrighteousness was found in you. |
|
| Ezek 28:16 | בְּרֹ֣ב רְכֻלָּתְךָ֗ מָל֧וּ תוֹכְךָ֛ חָמָ֖ס וַֽתֶּחֱטָ֑א וָאֶחַלֶּלְךָ֩ מֵהַ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֤ים וָֽאַבֶּדְךָ֙ כְּר֣וּב הַסֹּכֵ֔ךְ מִתּ֖וֹךְ אַבְנֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
With the large amount of your trade They have filled your precincts with violence, And you have sinned, And I have removed you as profaned from the mountain of God, And I will eradicate you, You who act as a covering cherub, From among the fiery stones. |
they have filled: in an irregular form, perhaps reflecting a colloquial pronunciation.
precincts ← midst. I will eradicate you: in an irregular or colloquial form. |
| Ezek 28:17 | גָּבַ֤הּ לִבְּךָ֙ בְּיָפְיֶ֔ךָ שִׁחַ֥תָּ חָכְמָתְךָ֖ עַל־יִפְעָתֶ֑ךָ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ הִשְׁלַכְתִּ֗יךָ לִפְנֵ֧י מְלָכִ֛ים נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְרַ֥אֲוָה בָֽךְ׃ |
Your heart has become proud Because of your beauty. You have spoilt your wisdom on account of your splendour. I will cast you down to the earth; I will place you before kings, For them to look at you. |
proud ← high. |
| Ezek 28:18 | מֵרֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֶ֗יךָ בְּעֶ֙וֶל֙ רְכֻלָּ֣תְךָ֔ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑יךָ וָֽאוֹצִא־אֵ֤שׁ מִתּֽוֹכְךָ֙ הִ֣יא אֲכָלַ֔תְךָ וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֤ לְאֵ֙פֶר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽיךָ׃ |
With the abundance of your iniquity, With the unrighteousness in your trade, You have profaned your sanctuaries. So I will produce fire from within you; It will consume you, And I will make you ash on the earth In the sight of all who see you. |
iniquity ← iniquities. |
| Ezek 28:19 | כָּל־יוֹדְעֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּֽעַמִּ֔ים שָׁמְמ֖וּ עָלֶ֑יךָ בַּלָּה֣וֹת הָיִ֔יתָ וְאֵינְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ פ |
All among the various nations who know you Will be astonished at you. You will be a terrible scene, And you will be no more Age-abidingly.» ’ ” |
a terrible scene ← terrors. |
| Ezek 28:20 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 28:21 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־צִיד֑וֹן וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | “Son of Adam, direct your attention to Sidon and prophesy against it. |
direct your attention ← set your face.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Ezek 28:22 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֤י עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ צִיד֔וֹן וְנִכְבַּדְתִּ֖י בְּתוֹכֵ֑ךְ וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בַּעֲשׂ֥וֹתִי בָ֛הּ שְׁפָטִ֖ים וְנִקְדַּ֥שְׁתִּי בָֽהּ׃ |
And you will say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Here I am against you, Sidon, And I will become glorified within your confines. And they will know that I am the Lord When I execute judgments in it. And I will be sanctified in it. |
this is what ← thus.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. your confines ← inside you. |
| Ezek 28:23 | וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־בָ֞הּ דֶּ֤בֶר וָדָם֙ בְּח֣וּצוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְנִפְלַ֤ל חָלָל֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב עָלֶ֖יהָ מִסָּבִ֑יב וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I will send a plague to it And blood in its streets, And he who is struck will fall in its precincts By the sword against its all around, And they will know that I am the Lord. |
will fall: pilel of נָפַל; AV differs (shall be judged), niphal of פָּלַל.
in its precincts ← inside her. |
| Ezek 28:24 | וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֨ה ע֜וֹד לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל סִלּ֤וֹן מַמְאִיר֙ וְק֣וֹץ מַכְאִ֔ב מִכֹּל֙ סְבִ֣יבֹתָ֔ם הַשָּׁאטִ֖ים אוֹתָ֑ם וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And the house of Israel will no longer have a stinging barb or painful thorn from any around them who despise them, and they will know that I am the Lord, the Lord.» | any ← all. |
| Ezek 28:25 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ בְּקַבְּצִ֣י ׀ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִן־הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפֹ֣צוּ בָ֔ם וְנִקְדַּ֥שְׁתִּי בָ֖ם לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְיָֽשְׁבוּ֙ עַל־אַדְמָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לְעַבְדִּ֥י לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «When I gather the house of Israel from the nations among which they have been scattered, and I have been sanctified through them in the eyes of the Gentiles, they will live on their land which I have given to my servant – to Jacob. |
this is what ← thus.
live ← dwell. |
| Ezek 28:26 | וְיָשְׁב֣וּ עָלֶיהָ֮ לָבֶטַח֒ וּבָנ֤וּ בָתִּים֙ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְיָשְׁב֖וּ לָבֶ֑טַח בַּעֲשׂוֹתִ֣י שְׁפָטִ֗ים בְּכֹ֨ל הַשָּׁאטִ֤ים אֹתָם֙ מִסְּבִ֣יבוֹתָ֔ם וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And they will live on it in security, and they will build houses and plant vineyards, and they will live in security, when I execute judgments on all those who despise them from round about them, and they will know that I am the Lord their God.» ’ ” | live (2x) ← dwell. |
| Ezek 29:1 | בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔ית בָּעֲשִׂרִ֕י בִּשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 29:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֣ים פָּנֶ֔יךָ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהִנָּבֵ֣א עָלָ֔יו וְעַל־מִצְרַ֖יִם כֻּלָּֽהּ׃ | “Son of Adam, direct your attention to Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt. | direct your attention ← set your face. |
| Ezek 29:3 | דַּבֵּ֨ר וְאָמַרְתָּ֜ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֤י עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם הַתַּנִּים֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל הָרֹבֵ֖ץ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְאֹרָ֑יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמַ֛ר לִ֥י יְאֹרִ֖י וַאֲנִ֥י עֲשִׂיתִֽנִי׃ |
Speak and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«I am here against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, You great serpent who lie in your rivers, Who have said, ‹My river is mine, And I made it for myself.› |
this is what ← thus.
I am here ← behold me. your rivers ... have said ← his rivers (i.e. channels of the Nile) ... (he) has said, but we conform to the subject of the main clause (you). |
| Ezek 29:4 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י *חחיים **חַחִים֙ בִּלְחָיֶ֔יךָ וְהִדְבַּקְתִּ֥י דְגַת־יְאֹרֶ֖יךָ בְּקַשְׂקְשֹׂתֶ֑יךָ וְהַעֲלִיתִ֙יךָ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ יְאֹרֶ֔יךָ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־דְּגַ֣ת יְאֹרֶ֔יךָ בְּקַשְׂקְשֹׂתֶ֖יךָ תִּדְבָּֽק׃ |
But I will put hooks in your jaws, And I will make the fish of your rivers stick in your scales, And I will bring you up from your rivers With all the fish of your rivers Which will stick in your scales. |
hooks: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
from ← from inside. with: from the vav of וְאֵת. which: AV differs, omitting, but it is required if אֵת is taken as accusative. |
| Ezek 29:5 | וּנְטַשְׁתִּ֣יךָ הַמִּדְבָּ֗רָה אוֹתְךָ֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־דְּגַ֣ת יְאֹרֶ֔יךָ עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ תִּפּ֔וֹל לֹ֥א תֵאָסֵ֖ף וְלֹ֣א תִקָּבֵ֑ץ לְחַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֛רֶץ וּלְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נְתַתִּ֥יךָ לְאָכְלָֽה׃ |
And I will leave you in the desert – You and all the fish of your rivers. You will fall on the open countryside. You will not be collected up, And you will not be gathered. I have appointed you as food for the wild animals And for the birds of the sky. |
in the desert ← into the desert.
the open countryside ← the face of the field. |
| Ezek 29:6 | וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה יַ֧עַן הֱיוֹתָ֛ם מִשְׁעֶ֥נֶת קָנֶ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And all the inhabitants of Egypt will know That I am the Lord, Because they were a reed staff of support to the house of Israel. |
|
| Ezek 29:7 | בְּתָפְשָׂ֨ם בְּךָ֤ *בכפך **בַכַּף֙ תֵּר֔וֹץ וּבָקַעְתָּ֥ לָהֶ֖ם כָּל־כָּתֵ֑ף וּבְהִֽשָּׁעֲנָ֤ם עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּשָּׁבֵ֔ר וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֥ לָהֶ֖ם כָּל־מָתְנָֽיִם׃ ס |
When they held on to you by {K: your hand} [Q: the hand], You collapsed, And you split all their shoulders. And when they leant on you, You buckled, And you brought all their loins to a standstill.» |
collapsed ← were crushed.
shoulders ← shoulder. The figure means all their defences were breached. buckled ← were broken. |
| Ezek 29:8 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא עָלַ֖יִךְ חָ֑רֶב וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֵּ֖ךְ אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָֽה׃ | So this is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am about to bring the sword over you, and I will cut man and beast off from you. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Ezek 29:9 | וְהָיְתָ֤ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה וְחָרְבָּ֔ה וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה יַ֧עַן אָמַ֛ר יְאֹ֥ר לִ֖י וַאֲנִ֥י עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ | And the land of Egypt will be a desolation and a ruin, and they will know that I am the Lord, because he said, ‹The river is mine, and I made it.› | |
| Ezek 29:10 | לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִ֥י אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְאֶל־יְאֹרֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֞י אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם לְחָרְבוֹת֙ חֹ֣רֶב שְׁמָמָ֔ה מִמִּגְדֹּ֥ל סְוֵנֵ֖ה וְעַד־גְּב֥וּל כּֽוּשׁ׃ | So I am here against you and against your rivers, and I will make the land of Egypt ruins – a desolate ruin – from Migdol Syene to the border of Ethiopia. |
Migdol: there is a town simply called Migdol in Jer 44:1, Jer 46:14. AV differs (tower), based on the meaning.
Syene ← Seveneh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name in conjunction with Migdol. Modern name Assouan [CB], Aswan [Wikipedia]. |
| Ezek 29:11 | לֹ֤א תַעֲבָר־בָּהּ֙ רֶ֣גֶל אָדָ֔ם וְרֶ֥גֶל בְּהֵמָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲבָר־בָּ֑הּ וְלֹ֥א תֵשֵׁ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | No foot of man will pass through it, nor will the feet of cattle pass through it, and it will not be inhabited for forty years. | the feet ← a foot. |
| Ezek 29:12 | וְנָתַתִּ֣י אֶת־אֶרֶץ֩ מִצְרַ֨יִם שְׁמָמָ֜ה בְּת֣וֹךְ ׀ אֲרָצ֣וֹת נְשַׁמּ֗וֹת וְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּת֨וֹךְ עָרִ֤ים מָֽחֳרָבוֹת֙ תִּֽהְיֶ֣יןָ שְׁמָמָ֔ה אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַהֲפִצֹתִ֤י אֶת־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְֽזֵרִיתִ֖ים בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ פ | And I will make the land of Egypt a desolation among desolated countries, and its cities will be a desolation among ruined cities, for forty years. And I will scatter the Egyptians among the Gentiles; I will disperse them among the various countries.» | the Egyptians ← Egypt, but with a plural suffix in disperse them. |
| Ezek 29:13 | כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה מִקֵּ֞ץ אַרְבָּעִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ אֲקַבֵּ֣ץ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מִן־הָעַמִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־נָפֹ֥צוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | For this is what my Lord the Lord says: «After forty years, I will gather the Egyptians from the various peoples where they have been scattered. |
this is what ← thus.
after ← at the end of. the Egyptians ← Egypt, but with a plural verb following. |
| Ezek 29:14 | וְשַׁבְתִּי֙ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת מִצְרַ֔יִם וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֤י אֹתָם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פַּתְר֔וֹס עַל־אֶ֖רֶץ מְכֽוּרָתָ֑ם וְהָ֥יוּ שָׁ֖ם מַמְלָכָ֥ה שְׁפָלָֽה׃ | And I will reverse the displacement of the Egyptians, and I will bring them back to the land of Pathros, to their native country, and they will be a low kingdom there. | Egyptians ← Egypt, but with a plural pronoun following. |
| Ezek 29:15 | מִן־הַמַּמְלָכוֹת֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה שְׁפָלָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־תִתְנַשֵּׂ֥א ע֖וֹד עַל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְהִ֨מְעַטְתִּ֔ים לְבִלְתִּ֖י רְד֥וֹת בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ | It will be the lowest of kingdoms, and it will no longer exalt itself over the nations, and I will make them few in number so that they cannot rule over the nations. | |
| Ezek 29:16 | וְלֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה־עוֹד֩ לְבֵ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל לְמִבְטָח֙ מַזְכִּ֣יר עָוֺ֔ן בִּפְנוֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And it will no longer be for the house of Israel a trusted ally, as they bring iniquity to mind as they appeal to them, and they will know that I am the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | a trusted ally ← an object of confidence. |
| Ezek 29:17 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָשֶׁ֙בַע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה בָּֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then it came to pass in the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, |
twenty-seventh year: i.e., [CB] table p.1105, of the captivity of Jehoiachin.
came ← became. |
| Ezek 29:18 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּ֠בֶל הֶעֱבִ֨יד אֶת־חֵיל֜וֹ עֲבֹדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ אֶל־צֹ֔ר כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ מֻקְרָ֔ח וְכָל־כָּתֵ֖ף מְרוּטָ֑ה וְ֠שָׂכָר לֹא־הָ֨יָה ל֤וֹ וּלְחֵילוֹ֙ מִצֹּ֔ר עַל־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֥ד עָלֶֽיהָ׃ ס | “Son of Adam, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon has engaged his forces on a major campaign against Tyre. Every head has been made bald, and every shoulder has become raw, but he has had no payoff, nor have his forces, from Tyre, for the campaign which he undertook against it. |
campaign (2x) ← work.
raw ← bare. payoff ← wages. |
| Ezek 29:19 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן לִנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָשָׂ֨א הֲמֹנָ֜הּ וְשָׁלַ֤ל שְׁלָלָהּ֙ וּבָזַ֣ז בִּזָּ֔הּ וְהָיְתָ֥ה שָׂכָ֖ר לְחֵילֽוֹ׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘I am about to give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he will carry off its wealth, and he will plunder it for its plunder and spoil it for its spoil, and it will be pay for his forces. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. pay ← wages. |
| Ezek 29:20 | פְּעֻלָּתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֣בַד בָּ֔הּ נָתַ֥תִּי ל֖וֹ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁר֙ עָ֣שׂוּ לִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | In his campaign which he has undertaken against it, I have delivered the land of Egypt to him, because they have acted for me, says the Lord, the Lord. | they have acted for me: i.e. the Babylonians. |
| Ezek 29:21 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא אַצְמִ֤יחַ קֶ֙רֶן֙ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּלְךָ֛ אֶתֵּ֥ן פִּתְחֽוֹן־פֶּ֖ה בְּתוֹכָ֑ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | On that day I will cause a horn to spring up in the house of Israel, and I will give you ability to speak up in their midst, and they will know that I am the Lord.’ ” | ability to speak up ← opening of the mouth. |
| Ezek 30:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 30:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵא֙ וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הֵילִ֖ילוּ הָ֥הּ לַיּֽוֹם׃ |
“Son of Adam, prophesy and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Howl, woe be to the day! |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 30:3 | כִּֽי־קָר֣וֹב י֔וֹם וְקָר֥וֹב י֖וֹם לַֽיהוָ֑ה י֣וֹם עָנָ֔ן עֵ֥ת גּוֹיִ֖ם יִֽהְיֶֽה׃ |
For the day is near, Yes, the day of the Lord is near. It will be a day of cloud, A time of the Gentiles. |
Rev 1:10.
yes: wider use of the vav. a time: i.e. a time of judgment. |
| Ezek 30:4 | וּבָאָ֥ה חֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְהָיְתָ֤ה חַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכ֔וּשׁ בִּנְפֹ֥ל חָלָ֖ל בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְלָקְח֣וּ הֲמוֹנָ֔הּ וְנֶהֶרְס֖וּ יְסוֹדֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
And the sword will come to Egypt, And there will be trembling in Ethiopia When a casualty falls in Egypt, And they take its wealth, And its foundations are demolished. |
its ... its: referring to Egypt (feminine). |
| Ezek 30:5 | כּ֣וּשׁ וּפ֤וּט וְלוּד֙ וְכָל־הָעֶ֣רֶב וְכ֔וּב וּבְנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַבְּרִ֑ית אִתָּ֖ם בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃ פ | Ethiopia and Libya and Lud, and all the mixed population, and Chub, and the sons of the land of the covenant will fall by the sword with them.» | Lud: AV= Lydia. |
| Ezek 30:6 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וְנָֽפְלוּ֙ סֹמְכֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָרַ֖ד גְּא֣וֹן עֻזָּ֑הּ מִמִּגְדֹּ֣ל סְוֵנֵ֗ה בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ יִפְּלוּ־בָ֔הּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord says:
«So those who support Egypt will fall, And the pride of its strength will decline. From Migdol Syene they will fall in it by the sword, Says the Lord, the Lord. |
this is what ← thus.
support: or, possibly, rely on, but see Ezek 30:8. decline ← descend. Migdol Syene: see Ezek 29:10. in it: i.e. in Egypt. |
| Ezek 30:7 | וְנָשַׁ֕מּוּ בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲרָצ֣וֹת נְשַׁמּ֑וֹת וְעָרָ֕יו בְּתוֹךְ־עָרִ֥ים נַחֲרָב֖וֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה׃ |
And they will be desolate inside desolated countries, And each one's cities will be reckoned among the ruined cities. |
each one's cities: MT= his cities; AV= her cities; LXX= their cities. So AV differs somewhat. |
| Ezek 30:8 | וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּתִתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְנִשְׁבְּר֖וּ כָּל־עֹזְרֶֽיהָ׃ |
And they will know that I am the Lord, When I produce fire in Egypt, And all those who help her are routed. |
produce ← give; put.
routed ← broken. |
| Ezek 30:9 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יֵצְא֨וּ מַלְאָכִ֤ים מִלְּפָנַי֙ בַּצִּ֔ים לְהַחֲרִ֖יד אֶת־כּ֣וּשׁ בֶּ֑טַח וְהָיְתָ֨ה חַלְחָלָ֤ה בָהֶם֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה׃ ס |
On that day, messengers will go out from my presence in ships To instil fear in confident Ethiopia, And there will be trembling among them on the day of Egypt. For behold, it is coming.» |
confident Ethiopia ← Ethiopia of security.
it: feminine, grammatically agreeing with trembling. |
| Ezek 30:10 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ אֶת־הֲמ֣וֹן מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּיַ֖ד נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶֽל׃ |
This is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «I will put a stop to the affluence of Egypt, By the hand of Nebuchadrezzar King of Babylon. |
this is what ← thus.
affluence ← multitude, also of possessions. |
| Ezek 30:11 | ה֠וּא וְעַמּ֤וֹ אִתּוֹ֙ עָרִיצֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם מֽוּבָאִ֖ים לְשַׁחֵ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהֵרִ֤יקוּ חַרְבוֹתָם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמָלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ חָלָֽל׃ |
He and his people with him – Fierce people from the Gentiles – Will be brought to bring the land to ruin, And they will draw their swords against Egypt, And they will fill the land with the fallen. |
|
| Ezek 30:12 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י יְאֹרִים֙ חָֽרָבָ֔ה וּמָכַרְתִּ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיַד־רָעִ֑ים וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֞י אֶ֤רֶץ וּמְלֹאָהּ֙ בְּיַד־זָרִ֔ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ ס |
And I will make the rivers dry land, And I will sell the land into the hand of the wicked, And I will make the land and its fulness desolate by the hand of foreigners. I, the Lord, have spoken.» |
|
| Ezek 30:13 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֨י גִלּוּלִ֜ים וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֤י אֱלִילִים֙ מִנֹּ֔ף וְנָשִׂ֥יא מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה־ע֑וֹד וְנָתַתִּ֥י יִרְאָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
This is what my Lord the Lord says: «And I will destroy the idols, And I will put a stop to the false gods from Noph, And there will not be a prince from the land of Egypt any more, And I will put fear in the land of Egypt, |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 30:14 | וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־פַּתְר֔וֹס וְנָתַ֥תִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּצֹ֑עַן וְעָשִׂ֥יתִי שְׁפָטִ֖ים בְּנֹֽא׃ |
And I will devastate Pathros, And I will produce fire in Zoan, And I will execute judgments in No, |
produce ← give; put. |
| Ezek 30:15 | וְשָׁפַכְתִּ֣י חֲמָתִ֔י עַל־סִ֖ין מָע֣וֹז מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י אֶת־הֲמ֥וֹן נֹֽא׃ |
And I will pour out my fury on Sin, The fortress of Egypt, And I will cut the horde of No off. |
|
| Ezek 30:16 | וְנָתַ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם ח֤וּל *תחיל **תָּחוּל֙ סִ֔ין וְנֹ֖א תִּהְיֶ֣ה לְהִבָּקֵ֑עַ וְנֹ֖ף צָרֵ֥י יוֹמָֽם׃ |
And I will produce fire in Egypt; The city of Sin will writhe painfully, And No will be broken into, And Noph will have tribulations by day. |
writhe painfully: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. Constructed with an infinitive absolute.
produce ← give; put. broken into ← split. |
| Ezek 30:17 | בַּח֥וּרֵי אָ֛וֶן וּפִי־בֶ֖סֶת בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֑לוּ וְהֵ֖נָּה בַּשְּׁבִ֥י תֵלַֽכְנָה׃ |
The young men of Aven and Pi-Beseth will fall by the sword And the women will go into captivity. |
Aven: as MT and AV, but by alternative vocalization, On, i.e. Heliopolis.
women ← they (feminine), which could refer to the cities, as AV, but women balances young men. So AV differs. |
| Ezek 30:18 | וּבִֽתְחַפְנְחֵס֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּשִׁבְרִי־שָׁם֙ אֶת־מֹט֣וֹת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְנִשְׁבַּת־בָּ֖הּ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזָּ֑הּ הִ֚יא עָנָ֣ן יְכַסֶּ֔נָּה וּבְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ בַּשְּׁבִ֥י תֵלַֽכְנָה׃ |
And in Tahpanhes the day will hold itself back When I break the yoke beams of Egypt there, And its pride in its strength ceases. A cloud will cover it, And its daughters will go into captivity. |
will hold itself back: as MT. Re-pointed, more naturally, will become dark, as AV. So AV differs.
Tahpanhes: MT AV= Tehaphnehes here, but we align it with Jer 43:8 etc. daughters: i.e. the (population of) its satellite villages. |
| Ezek 30:19 | וְעָשִׂ֥יתִי שְׁפָטִ֖ים בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And I will execute judgments in Egypt, And they will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” |
|
| Ezek 30:20 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה בָּֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּשִׁבְעָ֣ה לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first month, on the seventh day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 30:21 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֶת־זְר֛וֹעַ פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם שָׁבָ֑רְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֣ה לֹֽא־חֻ֠בְּשָׁה לָתֵ֨ת רְפֻא֜וֹת לָשׂ֥וּם חִתּ֛וּל לְחָבְשָׁ֥הּ לְחָזְקָ֖הּ לִתְפֹּ֥שׂ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ ס | “Son of Adam, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and look, it will not be bound up, to let it heal, with a bandage applied to bind it, to strengthen it, so that it could wield a sword. |
to let it heal ← to give it healings.
applied ← to apply. |
| Ezek 30:22 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה הִנְנִי֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְשָֽׁבַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־זְרֹ֣עֹתָ֔יו אֶת־הַחֲזָקָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַנִּשְׁבָּ֑רֶת וְהִפַּלְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Here I am against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and I will break his arms – the strong one and the broken one – and I will cause the sword to fall from his hand. |
this is what ← thus.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Ezek 30:23 | וַהֲפִצוֹתִ֥י אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וְזֵרִיתִ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and I will disperse them among the various countries. | the Egyptians ← Egypt. |
| Ezek 30:24 | וְחִזַּקְתִּ֗י אֶת־זְרֹעוֹת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־חַרְבִּ֖י בְּיָד֑וֹ וְשָׁבַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־זְרֹע֣וֹת פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָאַ֛ק נַאֲק֥וֹת חָלָ֖ל לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and I will put my sword in his hand, but I will break Pharaoh's arms, and he will groan before him with the groanings of one struck through. | |
| Ezek 30:25 | וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֗י אֶת־זְרֹעוֹת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וּזְרֹע֥וֹת פַּרְעֹ֖ה תִּפֹּ֑לְנָה וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בְּתִתִּ֤י חַרְבִּי֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְנָטָ֥ה אוֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And I will strengthen the king of Babylon's arms, but Pharaoh's arms will fall down. And they will know that I am the Lord when I put my sword in the hand of the king of Babylon, and he directs it towards the land of Egypt. | |
| Ezek 30:26 | וַהֲפִצוֹתִ֤י אֶת־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְזֵרִיתִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | So I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and I will disperse them among the various countries, and they will know that I am the Lord.’ ” | the Egyptians ← Egypt. |
| Ezek 31:1 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה בַּשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 31:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם אֱמֹ֛ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶל־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ אֶל־מִ֖י דָּמִ֥יתָ בְגָדְלֶֽךָ׃ |
“Son of Adam, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his horde,
‘Whom do you resemble in your greatness? |
|
| Ezek 31:3 | הִנֵּ֨ה אַשּׁ֜וּר אֶ֣רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן יְפֵ֥ה עָנָ֛ף וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ מֵצַ֖ל וּגְבַ֣הּ קוֹמָ֑ה וּבֵ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים הָיְתָ֖ה צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃ |
Behold, Assyria was a cedar in Lebanon, With beautiful boughs And having foliage giving shade. And it was of great height, And between its branches was its crest. |
Assyria: this could be re-pointed to the box tree (wood).
with beautiful boughs ← beautiful of bough. |
| Ezek 31:4 | מַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ אֶת־נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔הּ וְאֶת־תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
Water made him great; The deep water elevated him, With its rivers flowing around its plantations. And it has put out its channels To all the trees of the countryside. |
deep water: i.e. the Nile.
rivers: perhaps irrigation channels; perhaps distributaries. plantations ← plantation. countryside ← field. |
| Ezek 31:5 | עַל־כֵּן֙ גָּבְהָ֣א קֹמָת֔וֹ מִכֹּ֖ל עֲצֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַתִּרְבֶּ֨ינָה סַֽרְעַפֹּתָ֜יו וַתֶּאֱרַ֧כְנָה *פארתו **פֹארֹתָ֛יו מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּ֖ים בְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ׃ |
That is why its standing was higher Than any tree of the countryside, And its boughs were numerous And its foliage was extensive – Because of the large amount of water present When it put out shoots. |
its foliage: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
standing ← height. any tree ← all trees. put out shoots ← sent. |
| Ezek 31:6 | בִּסְעַפֹּתָ֤יו קִֽנְנוּ֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתַ֤חַת פֹּֽארֹתָיו֙ יָֽלְד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבְצִלּוֹ֙ יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים׃ |
All the birds of the sky built their nests on its boughs, And all the wild animals gave birth under its foliage, And all kinds of great nations dwelt in its shade. |
in its shade: i.e. under the patronage of Pharaoh of Egypt (Ezek 31:2) / Assyria (see Ezek 31:3). |
| Ezek 31:7 | וַיְּיִ֣ף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
And it became beautiful as it grew, Through the length of its branches, For its root was at much water. |
|
| Ezek 31:8 | אֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ֮ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֤א דָמוּ֙ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ כְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יו כָּל־עֵץ֙ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ׃ |
Cedars did not conceal it in the garden of God; Cypresses were not similar to it in its boughs, And plane trees were not like it in its foliage. No tree in the garden of God was like it in its beauty. |
|
| Ezek 31:9 | יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס |
I made it beautiful with its many branches, And all the trees of Eden Which were in the garden of God Were jealous of it. |
with its many branches ← in the multitude of its branches. |
| Ezek 31:10 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃ | Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because you have made yourself of high standing, and he has put his crest among the boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his self-exaltation, |
this is what ← thus.
you ... he: i.e., [CB], Pharaoh ... Ashur (Assyria). made yourself of high standing ← been high in stature. self-exaltation ← height. |
| Ezek 31:11 | וְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּ בְּיַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֤וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔וֹ כְּרִשְׁע֖וֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ׃ | I will deliver him into the hand of the mighty one of the nations. They will certainly engage him. I will drive him out according to his wickedness. |
they ← it, grammatically agreeing with might.
will certainly engage: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 31:12 | וַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּ אֶל־הֶ֠הָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹת נָפְל֣וּ דָלִיּוֹתָ֗יו וַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָה פֹֽארֹתָיו֙ בְּכֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּרְד֧וּ מִצִּלּ֛וֹ כָּל־עַמֵּ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ׃ | And fierce people from the Gentiles will cut him off and abandon him. His branches will fall off onto the mountains and in all the valleys, and his foliage will be broken up in all the gullies of the land, and all the various peoples of the earth will come down from his shade and abandon him. | come down from his shade: i.e. stop seeing him as a patron. |
| Ezek 31:13 | עַל־מַפַּלְתּ֥וֹ יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶל־פֹּארֹתָ֣יו הָי֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | All kinds of birds of the sky will live in its ruins, and all kinds of wild animals will be in its foliage, | live ← dwell. |
| Ezek 31:14 | לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ ס | because no aquatic trees will exalt themselves in their height, nor will they put out their crest among their boughs, nor will the mighty ones among them stand having great height – all which drink water – for they are all consigned to death, to the underworld, among the sons of Adam, to those who go down into the pit.» |
the mighty ones among them ← their mighty ones. AV differs (their trees).
having great height ← in their height. consigned ← given; put. |
| Ezek 31:15 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «On the day when he went down into the grave, I caused mourning, I covered him with the deep, and I held back its rivers, and much water was restrained, and I caused Lebanon to mourn gloomily over him, and all the trees of the countryside were languid. |
this is what ← thus.
covered him with the deep ← covered the deep over him. languid ← languor. |
| Ezek 31:16 | מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם׃ | At the sound of his fall I made nations tremble. When I brought him down to the grave with those who go down to the pit, all the trees of Eden were consoled in the underworld – the choice and best of Lebanon, all those which drink water. | |
| Ezek 31:17 | גַּם־הֵ֗ם אִתּ֛וֹ יָרְד֥וּ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶל־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב וּזְרֹע֛וֹ יָשְׁב֥וּ בְצִלּ֖וֹ בְּת֥וֹךְ גּוֹיִֽם׃ | They also went down to the grave with him, to those struck through by the sword, including his arm – those who lived in his shade among the nations. |
lived ← dwelt.
in his shade: i.e. under his patronage. |
| Ezek 31:18 | אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨ אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | Whom do you resemble in honour and greatness among the trees of Eden? Yet you will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the underworld. You will lie among the uncircumcised with those struck through by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all of his horde, says my Lord the Lord.» ’ ” |
resemble ← resemble thus.
this ← he. |
| Ezek 32:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה בִּשְׁנֵי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 32:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שָׂ֤א קִינָה֙ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו כְּפִ֥יר גּוֹיִ֖ם נִדְמֵ֑יתָ וְאַתָּה֙ כַּתַּנִּ֣ים בַּיַּמִּ֔ים וַתָּ֣גַח בְּנַהֲרוֹתֶ֗יךָ וַתִּדְלַח־מַ֙יִם֙ בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַתִּרְפֹּ֖ס נַהֲרוֹתָֽם׃ |
“Son of Adam, deliver a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him,
‘You resemble a lion cub among the nations, And you are like a serpent in the seas, And you have broken through into your rivers, And you have made the water turbid with your feet, And you have stirred up mud in their rivers.’ |
among the nations ← of the nations.
seas: including freshwater seas. broken through: of birth, or an egg hatching. stirred up mud in ← trampled. |
| Ezek 32:3 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וּפָרַשְׂתִּ֤י עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־רִשְׁתִּ֔י בִּקְהַ֖ל עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְהֶעֱל֖וּךָ בְּחֶרְמִֽי׃ |
This is what my Lord the Lord says: ‘So I will spread my net over you With an assembly of many peoples, And they will bring you up in my netting. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 32:4 | וּנְטַשְׁתִּ֣יךָ בָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה אֲטִילֶ֑ךָ וְהִשְׁכַּנְתִּ֤י עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְהִשְׂבַּעְתִּ֥י מִמְּךָ֖ חַיַּ֥ת כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And I will abandon you in the land; I will dump you in the open country, And I will cause all kinds of birds of the sky to settle on you, And I will satisfy the animals of all the land with you. |
in the open country ← on the surface of the field. |
| Ezek 32:5 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־בְּשָׂרְךָ֖ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים וּמִלֵּאתִ֥י הַגֵּאָי֖וֹת רָמוּתֶֽךָ׃ |
And I will put your flesh on the mountains, And I will fill the valleys with your lofty person. |
lofty person ← loftiness. [AnLx] has heap. |
| Ezek 32:6 | וְהִשְׁקֵיתִ֨י אֶ֧רֶץ צָפָתְךָ֛ מִדָּמְךָ֖ אֶל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים וַאֲפִקִ֖ים יִמָּלְא֥וּן מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
And I will give drink to the land Which will flow with you – With your blood – On the mountains. And the channels will be filled with you. |
which will flow with you ← of your flowing, i.e. wash you away. |
| Ezek 32:7 | וְכִסֵּיתִ֤י בְכַבּֽוֹתְךָ֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וְהִקְדַּרְתִּ֖י אֶת־כֹּֽכְבֵיהֶ֑ם שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בֶּעָנָ֣ן אֲכַסֶּ֔נּוּ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֥יר אוֹרֽוֹ׃ |
And I will veil the sky When I extinguish you And I obscure its stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, And the moon will not shine its light. |
|
| Ezek 32:8 | כָּל־מְא֤וֹרֵי אוֹר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַ֤תִּי חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
I will obscure all sources of light in the sky over you, And I will put darkness over your land, Says the Lord, the Lord. |
sources ← luminaries. |
| Ezek 32:9 | וְהִ֨כְעַסְתִּ֔י לֵ֖ב עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים בַּהֲבִיאִ֤י שִׁבְרְךָ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם עַל־אֲרָצ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתָּֽם׃ |
And I will provoke the heart of many nations to anger, When I bring your demise about Among the nations in the countries Which you have not known. |
demise ← breakage. |
| Ezek 32:10 | וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֨י עָלֶ֜יךָ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וּמַלְכֵיהֶם֙ יִשְׂעֲר֤וּ עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ שַׂ֔עַר בְּעוֹפְפִ֥י חַרְבִּ֖י עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וְחָרְד֤וּ לִרְגָעִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְנַפְשׁ֔וֹ בְּי֖וֹם מַפַּלְתֶּֽךָ׃ ס |
And I will make many nations astonished at you, And their kings will shudder in horror at you When I brandish my sword in front of them. And they will tremble all the time – Each man for his life – On the day of your demise. |
brandish ← make fly.
in front of them ← at their faces. all the time ← for moments, as in Ezek 26:16. life ← soul. demise ← fall. |
| Ezek 32:11 | כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה חֶ֥רֶב מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל תְּבוֹאֶֽךָ׃ | For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: «The king of Babylon's sword will come to you. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 32:12 | בְּחַרְב֤וֹת גִּבּוֹרִים֙ אַפִּ֣יל הֲמוֹנֶ֔ךָ עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם וְשָֽׁדְדוּ֙ אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן מִצְרַ֔יִם וְנִשְׁמַ֖ד כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃ |
I will cause the fall of your horde by the swords of warriors – All of them being fierce people from the Gentiles – And they will plunder the splendour of Egypt, And all its horde will be destroyed. |
|
| Ezek 32:13 | וְהַֽאֲבַדְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־בְּהֶמְתָּ֔הּ מֵעַ֖ל מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְלֹ֨א תִדְלָחֵ֤ם רֶֽגֶל־אָדָם֙ ע֔וֹד וּפַרְס֥וֹת בְּהֵמָ֖ה לֹ֥א תִדְלָחֵֽם׃ |
And I will obliterate all its cattle from places at much water, And no man's foot will make it turbid any more, Nor will hooves of cattle make it turbid. |
make it turbid ... make it turbid: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ezek 32:14 | אָ֚ז אַשְׁקִ֣יעַ מֵֽימֵיהֶ֔ם וְנַהֲרוֹתָ֖ם כַּשֶּׁ֣מֶן אוֹלִ֑יךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
Then I will make their water subside, And I will make their rivers flow like oil – Says the Lord, the Lord – |
|
| Ezek 32:15 | בְּתִתִּי֩ אֶת־אֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם שְׁמָמָ֣ה וּנְשַׁמָּ֗ה אֶ֚רֶץ מִמְּלֹאָ֔הּ בְּהַכּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־כָּל־י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
When I make the land of Egypt a desolation, And the land is made devoid of its fulness, When I strike all those who live in it. And they will know that I am the Lord. |
devoid ← desolated.
live ← dwell. |
| Ezek 32:16 | קִינָ֥ה הִיא֙ וְק֣וֹנְנ֔וּהָ בְּנ֥וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֖ם תְּקוֹנֵ֣נָּה אוֹתָ֑הּ עַל־מִצְרַ֤יִם וְעַל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָהּ֙ תְּקוֹנֵ֣נָּה אוֹתָ֔הּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ |
That is the lamentation With which they shall lament it; The daughters of the nations will lament it. They will lament it – Egypt and all its horde – Says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” |
that ← it. |
| Ezek 32:17 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֥ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then it came to pass in the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 32:18 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם נְהֵ֛ה עַל־הֲמ֥וֹן מִצְרַ֖יִם וְהוֹרִדֵ֑הוּ א֠וֹתָהּ וּבְנ֨וֹת גּוֹיִ֧ם אַדִּרִ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ תַּחְתִּיּ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
“Son of Adam, bewail the horde of Egypt, And lament its descent – It and the daughters of the noble nations – To the underworld, With those who go down to the pit. |
lament its descent ← bring it down. [CB] explains as declare (by the dirge) that they shall descend. |
| Ezek 32:19 | מִמִּ֖י נָעָ֑מְתָּ רְדָ֥ה וְהָשְׁכְּבָ֖ה אֶת־עֲרֵלִֽים׃ |
Who is there, That you are more of a delight than they? Descend and be laid down with the uncircumcised. |
be laid down: a rare hophal imperative. Only here and Jer 49:8, [Ges-HG] §46a2. |
| Ezek 32:20 | בְּת֥וֹךְ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֖רֶב יִפֹּ֑לוּ חֶ֣רֶב נִתָּ֔נָה מָשְׁכ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖הּ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֶֽיהָ׃ |
They will fall among those struck through by the sword. It has been delivered to the sword. Drag it and all its hordes away. |
|
| Ezek 32:21 | יְדַבְּרוּ־ל֞וֹ אֵלֵ֧י גִבּוֹרִ֛ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ שְׁא֖וֹל אֶת־עֹֽזְרָ֑יו יָֽרְד֛וּ שָׁכְב֥וּ הָעֲרֵלִ֖ים חַלְלֵי־חָֽרֶב׃ |
The mighty among the warriors will speak to him From inside the grave with his helpers. They have descended; They lie uncircumcised, Struck through by the sword. |
him: i.e. Pharaoh. |
| Ezek 32:22 | שָׁ֤ם אַשּׁוּר֙ וְכָל־קְהָלָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֖יו קִבְרֹתָ֑יו כֻּלָּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֔ים הַנֹּפְלִ֖ים בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ |
Assyria is there With all its assembled people. Around him are his graves. All of them are those struck through, Who fell by the sword. |
|
| Ezek 32:23 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִתְּנ֤וּ קִבְרֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַרְכְּתֵי־ב֔וֹר וַיְהִ֣י קְהָלָ֔הּ סְבִיב֖וֹת קְבֻרָתָ֑הּ כֻּלָּ֤ם חֲלָלִים֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בַּחֶ֔רֶב אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנ֥וּ חִתִּ֖ית בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃ |
And its sepulchres were made at the sides of the pit, And its assembled people are around its burial place. They are all those who were struck through, Who fell by the sword, Who struck terror in the land of the living. |
made ← given; put.
struck terror ← put terror. |
| Ezek 32:24 | שָׁ֤ם עֵילָם֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנָ֔הּ סְבִיב֖וֹת קְבֻרָתָ֑הּ כֻּלָּ֣ם חֲלָלִים֩ הַנֹּפְלִ֨ים בַּחֶ֜רֶב אֲֽשֶׁר־יָרְד֥וּ עֲרֵלִ֣ים ׀ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּיּ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתְנ֤וּ חִתִּיתָם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ כְלִמָּתָ֖ם אֶת־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
Elam is there With all its horde around its burial place. They were all struck through, Who fell by the sword, Who descended uncircumcised to the underworld, Who struck terror in the land of the living, But they bore their ignominy With those who descend into the pit. |
struck terror ← put their terror. |
| Ezek 32:25 | בְּת֣וֹךְ חֲ֠לָלִים נָתְנ֨וּ מִשְׁכָּ֥ב לָהּ֙ בְּכָל־הֲמוֹנָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֖יו קִבְרֹתֶ֑הָ כֻּלָּ֣ם עֲרֵלִ֣ים חַלְלֵי־חֶ֡רֶב כִּֽי־נִתַּ֨ן חִתִּיתָ֜ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֗ים וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ כְלִמָּתָם֙ אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֔וֹר בְּת֥וֹךְ חֲלָלִ֖ים נִתָּֽן׃ |
Its bed was appointed among those struck through, Among all its horde. Around it are its graves. They are all uncircumcised, Struck through by the sword, For they struck terror in the land of the living, But they bore their ignominy with those who descend into the pit. He is consigned to the company of those struck through. |
was appointed ← they gave / appointed. Avoidance of the passive.
around it: masculine; the antecedent could be the bed. struck terror ← put their terror. |
| Ezek 32:26 | שָׁ֣ם מֶ֤שֶׁךְ תֻּבַל֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֖יו קִבְרוֹתֶ֑יהָ כֻּלָּ֤ם עֲרֵלִים֙ מְחֻ֣לְלֵי חֶ֔רֶב כִּֽי־נָתְנ֥וּ חִתִּיתָ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃ |
Meshech, Tubal, and all its horde are there. Around him are its sepulchres. They are all uncircumcised, Struck through by the sword, For they struck terror in the land of the living. |
struck terror ← put their terror. |
| Ezek 32:27 | וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁכְּבוּ֙ אֶת־גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים נֹפְלִ֖ים מֵעֲרֵלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדֽוּ־שְׁא֣וֹל בִּכְלֵֽי־מִלְחַמְתָּם֩ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אֶת־חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם תַּ֣חַת רָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַתְּהִ֤י עֲוֺֽנֹתָם֙ עַל־עַצְמוֹתָ֔ם כִּֽי־חִתִּ֥ית גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃ |
And they will not lie with the warriors who fell – Those of the uncircumcised Who have descended to the grave with their weapons of war. For their swords were put under their heads, But their iniquities are in their bones, For they were the terror of warriors in the land of the living. |
were put ← they put. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 32:28 | וְאַתָּ֗ה בְּת֧וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֛ים תִּשָּׁבַ֥ר וְתִשְׁכַּ֖ב אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חָֽרֶב׃ |
And as for you, you will be overthrown among the uncircumcised, And you will lie with those struck through by the sword. |
overthrown ← broken. |
| Ezek 32:29 | שָׁ֣מָּה אֱד֗וֹם מְלָכֶ֙יהָ֙ וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־נִתְּנ֥וּ בִגְבוּרָתָ֖ם אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חָ֑רֶב הֵ֛מָּה אֶת־עֲרֵלִ֥ים יִשְׁכָּ֖בוּ וְאֶת־יֹ֥רְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
Edom is there, As are its kings and all its princes Who for their valour have been placed With those struck through by the sword. They will lie with the uncircumcised And with those who descend into the pit. |
for their valour: or in their valour. |
| Ezek 32:30 | שָׁ֣מָּה נְסִיכֵ֥י צָפ֛וֹן כֻּלָּ֖ם וְכָל־צִֽדֹנִ֑י אֲשֶׁר־יָרְד֣וּ אֶת־חֲלָלִ֗ים בְּחִתִּיתָ֤ם מִגְבֽוּרָתָם֙ בּוֹשִׁ֔ים וַיִּשְׁכְּב֤וּ עֲרֵלִים֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ כְלִמָּתָ֖ם אֶת־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
All the princes of the north are there And all the Sidonians Who descended with those struck through. On account of their campaign of terror, They are ashamed of their show of strength, And they will lie uncircumcised With those struck through by the sword. And they will bear their ignominy With those who descend into the pit. |
princes: not the same word as in Ezek 32:29; perhaps more like a war-lord.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| Ezek 32:31 | אוֹתָם֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה פַרְעֹ֔ה וְנִחַ֖ם עַל־כָּל־*המונה **הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֙רֶב֙ פַּרְעֹ֣ה וְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
Pharaoh will see them, And he will be comforted over all his horde – Those struck through with the sword, Pharaoh and all his forces – Says the Lord, the Lord. |
his horde: the ketiv reads her horde, but the feminine suffix is sometimes found for the masculine without a “correcting” qeré, as in Ezek 32:32. |
| Ezek 32:32 | כִּֽי־נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־*חתיתו **חִתִּיתִ֖י בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֑ים וְהֻשְׁכַּב֩ בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֜ים אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֗רֶב פַּרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ |
For I have put {Q: my terror} [K: his terror] in the land of the living, And he will be laid among the uncircumcised, With those struck through by the sword – Pharaoh and all his horde – Says the Lord, the Lord.” |
|
| Ezek 33:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 33:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־עַמְּךָ֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֶ֕רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ חָ֑רֶב וְלָקְח֨וּ עַם־הָאָ֜רֶץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶחָד֙ מִקְצֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתְנ֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ לָהֶ֖ם לְצֹפֶֽה׃ | “Son of Adam, speak to the sons of your people and say to them, ‘When I bring a sword over a land, if the people of the land take one man from their borders and appoint him as their watchman, | borders ← ends. |
| Ezek 33:3 | וְרָאָ֥ה אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב בָּאָ֣ה עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְתָקַ֥ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר וְהִזְהִ֥יר אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | and he sees the sword coming over the land, and he blows the ramshorn and warns the people, | |
| Ezek 33:4 | וְשָׁמַ֨ע הַשֹּׁמֵ֜עַ אֶת־ק֤וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר֙ וְלֹ֣א נִזְהָ֔ר וַתָּ֥בוֹא חֶ֖רֶב וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ דָּמ֥וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶֽה׃ | if a person hears the sound of the ramshorn but does not take heed, and the sword comes and takes him, his blood will be on his head; |
a person hears ← a hearer hears.
heed ← admonition. |
| Ezek 33:5 | אֵת֩ ק֨וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֤ר שָׁמַע֙ וְלֹ֣א נִזְהָ֔ר דָּמ֖וֹ בּ֣וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְה֥וּא נִזְהָ֖ר נַפְשׁ֥וֹ מִלֵּֽט׃ | he heard the sound of the ramshorn, but he did not take heed. His blood will be upon him. But he who takes heed will save his life. |
heed (2x) ← admonition.
life ← soul. |
| Ezek 33:6 | וְ֠הַצֹּפֶה כִּֽי־יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־הַחֶ֜רֶב בָּאָ֗ה וְלֹֽא־תָקַ֤ע בַּשּׁוֹפָר֙ וְהָעָ֣ם לֹֽא־נִזְהָ֔ר וַתָּב֣וֹא חֶ֔רֶב וַתִּקַּ֥ח מֵהֶ֖ם נָ֑פֶשׁ ה֚וּא בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ נִלְקָ֔ח וְדָמ֖וֹ מִיַּֽד־הַצֹּפֶ֥ה אֶדְרֹֽשׁ׃ ס | And if the watchman sees the sword coming, but he does not sound the ramshorn, and the people are not warned when the sword comes, it will take a person's life from them. That person will be taken in his iniquity, but I will require his blood from the hand of the watchman.’ | life ← soul. |
| Ezek 33:7 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם צֹפֶ֥ה נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֤ מִפִּי֙ דָּבָ֔ר וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | And as for you, son of Adam, I have appointed you as a watchman for the house of Israel. When you hear anything from my mouth, you shall give them warning from me. | anything ← a word. |
| Ezek 33:8 | בְּאָמְרִ֣י לָרָשָׁ֗ע רָשָׁע֙ מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת וְלֹ֣א דִבַּ֔רְתָּ לְהַזְהִ֥יר רָשָׁ֖ע מִדַּרְכּ֑וֹ ה֤וּא רָשָׁע֙ בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְדָמ֖וֹ מִיָּדְךָ֥ אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | When I say to the wicked man, ‘You wicked man, you shall surely die’, but you don't speak to warn the wicked man about his way, that wicked man will die in his iniquity, but I will require his blood from your hand. |
you shall surely die: infinitive absolute.
about his way ← from his way. |
| Ezek 33:9 | וְ֠אַתָּה כִּֽי־הִזְהַ֨רְתָּ רָשָׁ֤ע מִדַּרְכּוֹ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְלֹא־שָׁ֖ב מִדַּרְכּ֑וֹ ה֚וּא בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְאַתָּ֖ה נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הִצַּֽלְתָּ׃ ס | But if you warn the wicked man about his way, for him to turn back from it, and he does not turn back from his way, he will die in his iniquity, but you will have saved your life. |
about ← from.
life ← soul. |
| Ezek 33:10 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם אֱמֹר֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֵּ֤ן אֲמַרְתֶּם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּֽי־פְשָׁעֵ֥ינוּ וְחַטֹּאתֵ֖ינוּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וּבָ֛ם אֲנַ֥חְנוּ נְמַקִּ֖ים וְאֵ֥יךְ נִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | And you, son of Adam, say to the house of Israel, ‘You have spoken like this and said, «If our transgressions and our sins are on us, and we are wasting away in them, then how can we live?» ’ | |
| Ezek 33:11 | אֱמֹ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם חַי־אָ֣נִי ׀ נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הָרָשָׁ֔ע כִּ֣י אִם־בְּשׁ֥וּב רָשָׁ֛ע מִדַּרְכּ֖וֹ וְחָיָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ שׁ֜וּבוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֧ם הָרָעִ֛ים וְלָ֥מָּה תָמ֖וּתוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Say to them, ‘As I live, says my Lord the Lord, I certainly do not take pleasure in the death of the wicked man, but in a wicked man turning back from his way and living. Turn back, turn back from your wicked ways, for why should you die, O house of Israel?’ | I certainly do not: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ezek 33:12 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם אֱמֹ֤ר אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־עַמְּךָ֙ צִדְקַ֣ת הַצַּדִּ֗יק לֹ֤א תַצִּילֶ֙נּוּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם פִּשְׁע֔וֹ וְרִשְׁעַ֤ת הָֽרָשָׁע֙ לֹֽא־יִכָּ֣שֶׁל בָּ֔הּ בְּי֖וֹם שׁוּב֣וֹ מֵֽרִשְׁע֑וֹ וְצַדִּ֗יק לֹ֥א יוּכַ֛ל לִֽחְי֥וֹת בָּ֖הּ בְּי֥וֹם חֲטֹאתֽוֹ׃ | And you, son of Adam, say to the sons of your people, ‘The righteousness of the righteous man will not save him on the day of his transgression, and the wickedness of the wicked man is not something he will stumble in on the day of his turning away from his wickedness, whereas a righteous man cannot live by it on the day of his sin. | his sin ← his sinning ← his “to sin”. |
| Ezek 33:13 | בְּאָמְרִ֤י לַצַּדִּיק֙ חָיֹ֣ה יִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְהֽוּא־בָטַ֥ח עַל־צִדְקָת֖וֹ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֑וֶל כָּל־*צדקתו **צִדְקֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֔רְנָה וּבְעַוְל֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה בּ֥וֹ יָמֽוּת׃ | When I say of the righteous man, «He will certainly live», and he trusts in his righteousness, but he commits injustice, none of his {K: righteousness} [Q: righteous deeds] will be remembered, but it will be in his injustice which he has committed that he will die. |
he will certainly live: infinitive absolute.
righteous deeds (qeré) ← righteousnesses. |
| Ezek 33:14 | וּבְאָמְרִ֥י לָֽרָשָׁ֖ע מ֣וֹת תָּמ֑וּת וְשָׁב֙ מֵֽחַטָּאת֔וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ | And when I say to the wicked man, «You will certainly die», but he turns back from his sin and does justice and righteousness, | you will certainly die: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 33:15 | חֲבֹ֨ל יָשִׁ֤יב רָשָׁע֙ גְּזֵלָ֣ה יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם בְּחֻקּ֤וֹת הַֽחַיִּים֙ הָלַ֔ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֣וֹת עָ֑וֶל חָי֥וֹ יִֽחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃ | and the wicked man restores what was given as security, and he repays what he has misappropriated, and he walks in the statutes of life, not committing injustice, he will certainly live; he shall not die. |
what was given as security ← a pledge.
what he has misappropriated ← spoil. he will certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 33:16 | כָּל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א לֹ֥א תִזָּכַ֖רְנָה ל֑וֹ מִשְׁפָּ֧ט וּצְדָקָ֛ה עָשָׂ֖ה חָי֥וֹ יִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | None of his {Q: sins} [K: sin] which he has committed will be remembered regarding him. He has done justice and righteousness; he shall certainly live.’ |
On the ketiv / qeré, the corresponding verb is plural.
committed ← sinned. regarding him ← to him. he shall certainly live: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 33:17 | וְאָמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵ֖ן דֶּ֣רֶךְ אֲדֹנָ֑י וְהֵ֖מָּה דַּרְכָּ֥ם לֹֽא־יִתָּכֵֽן׃ | Yet the sons of your people have said, ‘The way of the Lord* is not fair.’ But it is their way which is not fair. | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ezek 33:18 | בְּשׁוּב־צַדִּ֥יק מִצִּדְקָת֖וֹ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֑וֶל וּמֵ֖ת בָּהֶֽם׃ | If a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits injustice, then he will die in those things. | |
| Ezek 33:19 | וּבְשׁ֤וּב רָשָׁע֙ מֵֽרִשְׁעָת֔וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָ֑ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם ה֥וּא יִֽחְיֶֽה׃ | And if a wicked man turns away from his wickedness and does justice and righteousness, he will live on account of them. | |
| Ezek 33:20 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם לֹ֥א יִתָּכֵ֖ן דֶּ֣רֶךְ אֲדֹנָ֑י אִ֧ישׁ כִּדְרָכָ֛יו אֶשְׁפּ֥וֹט אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל פ | But you say, ‘The way of the Lord* is not fair.’ But I will judge you each according to his ways, O house of Israel.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. But [CB] has Ezek 33:29 in error for this verse. |
| Ezek 33:21 | וַיְהִ֞י בִּשְׁתֵּ֧י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֗ה בָּעֲשִׂרִ֛י בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ לְגָלוּתֵ֑נוּ בָּא־אֵלַ֨י הַפָּלִ֧יט מִירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לֵאמֹ֖ר הֻכְּתָ֥ה הָעִֽיר׃ | Then it came to pass in the twelfth year of our deportation, in the tenth month, on the fifth day of the month, that an escapee came to me from Jerusalem and said, “The city has been attacked.” | an escapee ← the escapee. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ezek 33:22 | וְיַד־יְהוָה֩ הָיְתָ֨ה אֵלַ֜י בָּעֶ֗רֶב לִפְנֵי֙ בּ֣וֹא הַפָּלִ֔יט וַיִּפְתַּ֣ח אֶת־פִּ֔י עַד־בּ֥וֹא אֵלַ֖י בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיִּפָּ֣תַח פִּ֔י וְלֹ֥א נֶאֱלַ֖מְתִּי עֽוֹד׃ פ | And the hand of the Lord had been on me in the evening before the escapee came, and he opened my mouth before he came to me in the morning, so my mouth was opened, and I was no longer mute. | the escapee came: see Ezek 24:27. |
| Ezek 33:23 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 33:24 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם יֹ֠שְׁבֵי הֶחֳרָב֨וֹת הָאֵ֜לֶּה עַל־אַדְמַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֹמְרִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶחָד֙ הָיָ֣ה אַבְרָהָ֔ם וַיִּירַ֖שׁ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ רַבִּ֔ים לָ֛נוּ נִתְּנָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ לְמוֹרָשָֽׁה׃ ס | “Son of Adam, the inhabitants of these wastelands, on the territory of Israel, are talking and saying, ‘Abraham was one man, and he inherited the land, whereas we are many, and the land has been given to us as an inheritance.’ |
territory ← ground.
whereas: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ezek 33:25 | לָכֵן֩ אֱמֹ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה עַל־הַדָּ֧ם ׀ תֹּאכֵ֛לוּ וְעֵינֵכֶ֛ם תִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶל־גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֖ם וְדָ֣ם תִּשְׁפֹּ֑כוּ וְהָאָ֖רֶץ תִּירָֽשׁוּ׃ | So say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «You have been eating with blood, and lifting your eyes up to your idols and shedding blood. So will you inherit the land? | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 33:26 | עֲמַדְתֶּ֤ם עַֽל־חַרְבְּכֶם֙ עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ן תּוֹעֵבָ֔ה וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֥שֶׁת רֵעֵ֖הוּ טִמֵּאתֶ֑ם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ תִּירָֽשׁוּ׃ ס | You have confided in your swords, you have committed an abomination, and each has defiled his neighbour's wife. So will you inherit the land?» ’ |
confided in ← stood on. See Dan 11:14.
swords ← sword (one per person). English uses the plural (more than one sword in the group). |
| Ezek 33:27 | כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֨ר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֮ חַי־אָנִי֒ אִם־לֹ֞א אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּֽחֳרָבוֹת֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַחַיָּ֥ה נְתַתִּ֖יו לְאָכְל֑וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר בַּמְּצָד֥וֹת וּבַמְּעָר֖וֹת בַּדֶּ֥בֶר יָמֽוּתוּ׃ | Say this to them: ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «As I live, they who are in the wastelands will certainly fall by the sword, and him who is in the open countryside I will give to the animals for them to eat, and those in fortresses or caves will die of a plague. |
this ← thus.
this is what ← thus. will certainly fall: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). the open countryside ← surface of the field. |
| Ezek 33:28 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֣ה וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְנִשְׁבַּ֖ת גְּא֣וֹן עֻזָּ֑הּ וְשָֽׁמְמ֛וּ הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֵ֥ין עוֹבֵֽר׃ | And I will make the land a desolation and a wasteland, and its pride in its strength will cease, and the mountains of Israel will become desolate, with no-one passing through. | |
| Ezek 33:29 | וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּתִתִּ֤י אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֣ה וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃ ס | And they will know that I am the Lord when I make the land a desolation and a wasteland on account of all their abominations which they committed.» ’ | the Lord: see [CB] App. 32 and the notes for this verse, and see our note to Ezek 33:20. |
| Ezek 33:30 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם בְּנֵ֣י עַמְּךָ֗ הַנִּדְבָּרִ֤ים בְּךָ֙ אֵ֣צֶל הַקִּיר֔וֹת וּבְפִתְחֵ֖י הַבָּתִּ֑ים וְדִבֶּר־חַ֣ד אֶת־אַחַ֗ד אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אָחִיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֹּֽאוּ־נָ֣א וְשִׁמְע֔וּ מָ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר הַיּוֹצֵ֖א מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And as for you, son of Adam, the sons of your people are talking about you at the walls and at the doors of the houses, and they speak to each other, each to his brother, saying, ‘Come now, and hear what the word is which proceeds from the Lord.’ | |
| Ezek 33:31 | וְיָב֣וֹאוּ אֵ֠לֶיךָ כִּמְבוֹא־עָ֞ם וְיֵשְׁב֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ עַמִּ֔י וְשָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ וְאוֹתָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ כִּֽי־עֲגָבִ֤ים בְּפִיהֶם֙ הֵ֣מָּה עֹשִׂ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֥י בִצְעָ֖ם לִבָּ֥ם הֹלֵֽךְ׃ | And they will come to you as an influx of people, and my people will sit before you, and they will hear your words, but they will not do them, for they show love in their speech, but their heart goes after unjust gain. |
influx ← entering.
show ← do. unjust gain ← their unjust gain. |
| Ezek 33:32 | וְהִנְּךָ֤ לָהֶם֙ כְּשִׁ֣יר עֲגָבִ֔ים יְפֵ֥ה ק֖וֹל וּמֵטִ֣ב נַגֵּ֑ן וְשָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ וְעֹשִׂ֥ים אֵינָ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ | And here you are like a lovely song to them, nice vocally, and a good musician. So they will hear your words, but they will not do them. |
here you are ← behold you.
nice vocally ← fair of voice. a good musician ← doing well to play music. |
| Ezek 33:33 | וּבְבֹאָ֑הּ הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֔ה וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י נָבִ֖יא הָיָ֥ה בְתוֹכָֽם׃ ס | And when this comes to pass – behold, it is coming – they will know that there was a prophet among them.” | |
| Ezek 34:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 34:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־רוֹעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֩ אֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לָרֹעִ֜ים כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה ה֤וֹי רֹעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ רֹעִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם הֲל֣וֹא הַצֹּ֔אן יִרְע֖וּ הָרֹעִֽים׃ | “Son of Adam, prophesy to the shepherds of Israel; prophesy and say to these shepherds, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who have been tending themselves. Is it not the flock that shepherds tend? | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 34:3 | אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב תֹּאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאֶת־הַצֶּ֣מֶר תִּלְבָּ֔שׁוּ הַבְּרִיאָ֖ה תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ הַצֹּ֖אן לֹ֥א תִרְעֽוּ׃ | You eat the fatness, and you clothe yourselves with the wool. You sacrifice the fattened animal, but you do not tend the flock. | the fatness: i.e. the best part. |
| Ezek 34:4 | אֶֽת־הַנַּחְלוֹת֩ לֹ֨א חִזַּקְתֶּ֜ם וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֣ה לֹֽא־רִפֵּאתֶ֗ם וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ לֹ֣א הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאֹבֶ֖דֶת לֹ֣א בִקַּשְׁתֶּ֑ם וּבְחָזְקָ֛ה רְדִיתֶ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם וּבְפָֽרֶךְ׃ | You have not strengthened the ailing, nor have you nursed the sick, nor have you bound up the crushed, nor have you brought back her who was driven out, nor have you sought that which was getting lost. But you have ruled over them with force and with rigour. |
nursed ← healed.
crushed ← broken. her who: or, generalising, that which. |
| Ezek 34:5 | וַתְּפוּצֶ֖ינָה מִבְּלִ֣י רֹעֶ֑ה וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה לְאָכְלָ֛ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַתְּפוּצֶֽינָה׃ | And they were scattered for want of a shepherd, and they were food for all kinds of wild animals, so they were scattered. | so: consecutive use of the vav. |
| Ezek 34:6 | יִשְׁגּ֤וּ צֹאנִי֙ בְּכָל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה רָמָ֑ה וְעַ֨ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָפֹ֣צוּ צֹאנִ֔י וְאֵ֥ין דּוֹרֵ֖שׁ וְאֵ֥ין מְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ | My flock has gone astray in all the mountains and on every high hill, and my flock has been scattered all over the surface of the earth, with no-one seeking them and no-one searching for them. | |
| Ezek 34:7 | לָכֵ֣ן רֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | So, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 34:8 | חַי־אָ֜נִי נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַ֣עַן הֱיֽוֹת־צֹאנִ֣י ׀ לָבַ֡ז וַתִּֽהְיֶינָה֩ צֹאנִ֨י לְאָכְלָ֜ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מֵאֵ֣ין רֹעֶ֔ה וְלֹֽא־דָרְשׁ֥וּ רֹעַ֖י אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וַיִּרְע֤וּ הָֽרֹעִים֙ אוֹתָ֔ם וְאֶת־צֹאנִ֖י לֹ֥א רָעֽוּ׃ ס | As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, since it is most definitely the case that my flock is a prey, and my flock has been food for all kinds of wild animals, for want of a shepherd, and my shepherds did not seek my flock, but the shepherds tended themselves and did not tend my flock. | since it is most definitely the case that: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 34:9 | לָכֵן֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | So, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord.» | |
| Ezek 34:10 | כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י אֶֽל־הָרֹעִ֜ים וְֽדָרַשְׁתִּ֧י אֶת־צֹאנִ֣י מִיָּדָ֗ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּים֙ מֵרְע֣וֹת צֹ֔אן וְלֹא־יִרְע֥וּ ע֛וֹד הָרֹעִ֖ים אוֹתָ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י צֹאנִי֙ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥יןָ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃ ס | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am here against the shepherds, and I will demand my flock back from their charge, and I will stop them from tending the flock, and the shepherds will no longer tend them, and I will rescue my flock from their mouth, and they will not be food for them any longer.» |
this is what ← thus.
I am here ← behold me. charge ← hand. tend them: AV differs (feed themselves), but see the previous clause in the sentence. |
| Ezek 34:11 | כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִי־אָ֕נִי וְדָרַשְׁתִּ֥י אֶת־צֹאנִ֖י וּבִקַּרְתִּֽים׃ | For this is what my Lord the Lord says: «Here I am, my very self, and I will seek my flock and search for them, |
this is what ← thus.
here I am, my very self ← behold me, I. |
| Ezek 34:12 | כְּבַקָּרַת֩ רֹעֶ֨ה עֶדְר֜וֹ בְּיוֹם־הֱיוֹת֤וֹ בְתוֹךְ־צֹאנוֹ֙ נִפְרָשׁ֔וֹת כֵּ֖ן אֲבַקֵּ֣ר אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וְהִצַּלְתִּ֣י אֶתְהֶ֗ם מִכָּל־הַמְּקוֹמֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפֹ֣צוּ שָׁ֔ם בְּי֥וֹם עָנָ֖ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ | and as a shepherd tending his flock searches when he is among his flock when they are scattered, so I will search for my flock, and I will rescue them from all the places where they were scattered on a cloudy and gloomy day. |
when he is ← on the day of his being.
a cloudy and gloomy day ← a day of cloud and gloom, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 34:13 | וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣ים מִן־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְקִבַּצְתִּים֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת וַהֲבִיאֹתִ֖ים אֶל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וּרְעִיתִים֙ אֶל־הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּאֲפִיקִ֕ים וּבְכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I will bring them out from the nations, and I will gather them from the various countries, and I will bring them to their own country, and I will tend them on the mountains of Israel, at the watercourses and at all inhabitable places in the land. | in the land ← of the land. |
| Ezek 34:14 | בְּמִרְעֶה־טּוֹב֙ אֶרְעֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם וּבְהָרֵ֥י מְרֽוֹם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֣ה נְוֵהֶ֑ם שָׁ֤ם תִּרְבַּ֙צְנָה֙ בְּנָ֣וֶה טּ֔וֹב וּמִרְעֶ֥ה שָׁמֵ֛ן תִּרְעֶ֖ינָה אֶל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | I will tend them on good pasture land, and their fold will be on the mountains of the heights of Israel. There they will lie in a good fold, and they will feed on rich pasture on the mountains of Israel. |
fold (2x): or dwelling place.
rich ← fat; fertile. |
| Ezek 34:15 | אֲנִ֨י אֶרְעֶ֤ה צֹאנִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אַרְבִּיצֵ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | I will tend my flock, and I will give them somewhere to lie down, says the Lord, the Lord. | give them somewhere to lie down ← cause them to lie down. |
| Ezek 34:16 | אֶת־הָאֹבֶ֤דֶת אֲבַקֵּשׁ֙ וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֣חַת אָשִׁ֔יב וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֣רֶת אֶחֱבֹ֔שׁ וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֖ה אֲחַזֵּ֑ק וְאֶת־הַשְּׁמֵנָ֧ה וְאֶת־הַחֲזָקָ֛ה אַשְׁמִ֖יד אֶרְעֶ֥נָּה בְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | I will seek that which is getting lost, and I will bring back what is being driven out, and I will bind up what is crushed, and I will give strength to the sick. But I will destroy the fat and the strong. I will tend them with justice.» ’ | I will tend them ← I will tend her / it. |
| Ezek 34:17 | וְאַתֵּ֣נָה צֹאנִ֔י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִ֤י שֹׁפֵט֙ בֵּֽין־שֶׂ֣ה לָשֶׂ֔ה לָאֵילִ֖ים וְלָעַתּוּדִֽים׃ | And as for you, my flock, this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘I am about to judge between flock animal and flock animal, between rams and he-goats. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Ezek 34:18 | הַמְעַ֣ט מִכֶּ֗ם הַמִּרְעֶ֤ה הַטּוֹב֙ תִּרְע֔וּ וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ מִרְעֵיכֶ֔ם תִּרְמְס֖וּ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם וּמִשְׁקַע־מַ֣יִם תִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וְאֵת֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרִ֔ים בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְפֹּשֽׂוּן׃ | Is it a small matter to you that you feed yourselves on good pasture, but you trample on the rest of your pastures with your feet? And that you yourselves drink from a pool of water, but you stir up the rest of the water with your feet? |
to you ← from / than you.
the rest of the water: i.e. what “the flock” will have to drink. |
| Ezek 34:19 | וְצֹאנִ֑י מִרְמַ֤ס רַגְלֵיכֶם֙ תִּרְעֶ֔ינָה וּמִרְפַּ֥שׂ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם תִּשְׁתֶּֽינָה׃ ס | So my flock have to feed on the pasture trampled by your feet, and drink from the water stirred up by your feet. | by your feet ← of your feet. Wider use of the construct state, here as an instrument of the passive. |
| Ezek 34:20 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם הִנְנִי־אָ֕נִי וְשָֽׁפַטְתִּי֙ בֵּֽין־שֶׂ֣ה בִרְיָ֔ה וּבֵ֥ין שֶׂ֖ה רָזָֽה׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says to them: «I myself am here, and I will judge between fatted flock animals and lean flock animals, |
this is what ← thus.
I myself am here ← behold me, I. |
| Ezek 34:21 | יַ֗עַן בְּצַ֤ד וּבְכָתֵף֙ תֶּהְדֹּ֔פוּ וּבְקַרְנֵיכֶ֥ם תְּנַגְּח֖וּ כָּל־הַנַּחְל֑וֹת עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֲפִיצוֹתֶ֛ם אוֹתָ֖נָה אֶל־הַחֽוּצָה׃ | because you have pushed with your side and your shoulder, and you have butted all the ailing with your horns until you had scattered them widely. | widely ← to outside. |
| Ezek 34:22 | וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּ֣י לְצֹאנִ֔י וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ינָה ע֖וֹד לָבַ֑ז וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין שֶׂ֖ה לָשֶֽׂה׃ | And I will save my flock, and they will no longer be a prey, and I will judge between flock animal and flock animal. | |
| Ezek 34:23 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רֹעֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וְרָעָ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ן אֵ֖ת עַבְדִּ֣י דָוִ֑יד ה֚וּא יִרְעֶ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם וְהֽוּא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ן לְרֹעֶֽה׃ | And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he will tend them – my servant David. He will tend them, and he will be their shepherd. | |
| Ezek 34:24 | וַאֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֶהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְעַבְדִּ֥י דָוִ֖ד נָשִׂ֣יא בְתוֹכָ֑ם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ | And I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David will be a leader among them. I, the Lord, have spoken. | leader: or prince. |
| Ezek 34:25 | וְכָרַתִּ֤י לָהֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית שָׁל֔וֹם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י חַיָּֽה־רָעָ֖ה מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיָשְׁב֤וּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ לָבֶ֔טַח וְיָשְׁנ֖וּ בַּיְּעָרִֽים׃ | And I will make a covenant of peace with them, and I will banish beasts of prey from the land, and they will live in the desert in security and sleep in the forests. |
beasts of prey ← bad animals, but it is a strong stereotyped expression, also in Modern Hebrew.
live ← dwell. |
| Ezek 34:26 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י אוֹתָ֛ם וּסְבִיב֥וֹת גִּבְעָתִ֖י בְּרָכָ֑ה וְהוֹרַדְתִּ֤י הַגֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ גִּשְׁמֵ֥י בְרָכָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ | And I will make them and the vicinity of my hill a blessing, and I will bring rain in its season – there will be rains of blessing. | |
| Ezek 34:27 | וְנָתַן֩ עֵ֨ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה אֶת־פִּרְי֗וֹ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ תִּתֵּ֣ן יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְהָי֥וּ עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖ם לָבֶ֑טַח וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בְּשִׁבְרִי֙ אֶת־מֹט֣וֹת עֻלָּ֔ם וְהִ֨צַּלְתִּ֔ים מִיַּ֖ד הָעֹבְדִ֥ים בָּהֶֽם׃ | And the wild tree will yield its fruit, and the earth will yield its produce, and they will be on their land in security, and they will know that I am the Lord when I break their yoke beams and save them from the grip of those who exploit them. |
wild tree ← tree of the field / countryside.
grip ← hand. |
| Ezek 34:28 | וְלֹא־יִהְי֨וּ ע֥וֹד בַּז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ לֹ֣א תֹאכְלֵ֑ם וְיָשְׁב֥וּ לָבֶ֖טַח וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ | And they will no longer be a prey to the Gentiles, nor will the animals of the land devour them, but they will live in security, with none to make them afraid. |
live ← dwell.
Compare this verse with Lev 26:6, Job 11:19, Isa 17:2, Mic 4:4, Zeph 3:13. |
| Ezek 34:29 | וַהֲקִמֹתִ֥י לָהֶ֛ם מַטָּ֖ע לְשֵׁ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִהְי֨וּ ע֜וֹד אֲסֻפֵ֤י רָעָב֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֥וּ ע֖וֹד כְּלִמַּ֥ת הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And I will establish a plantation for them of renown, and they will no longer be gathered to their fathers through famine in the land, and they will no longer bear the reproach of the Gentiles. |
plantation: perhaps a reference to the Messiah. See [CB].
the reproach of the Gentiles: an objective genitive (the Gentiles reproach). |
| Ezek 34:30 | וְיָדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם אִתָּ֑ם וְהֵ֗מָּה עַמִּי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And they will know that I, the Lord their God, am with them, and they will be my people, the house of Israel, says the Lord, the Lord. | |
| Ezek 34:31 | וְאַתֵּ֥ן צֹאנִ֛י צֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתִ֖י אָדָ֣ם אַתֶּ֑ם אֲנִי֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And you, my flock, the flock of my pasture, are Adamic seed, and I am your God, says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” | Adamic seed ← Adam. |
| Ezek 35:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 35:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ עַל־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֑יר וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עָלָֽיו׃ | “Son of Adam, direct your attention to Mount Seir, and prophesy against it, | direct your attention ← set your face, as in Ezek 25:2, Ezek 28:21, Ezek 29:2. |
| Ezek 35:3 | וְאָמַ֣רְתָּ לּ֗וֹ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַר־שֵׂעִ֑יר וְנָטִ֤יתִי יָדִי֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ שְׁמָמָ֥ה וּמְשַׁמָּֽה׃ |
and say to it, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says:
«Here I am against you, O Mount Seir, And I have stretched out my hand against you, And I have appointed you to desolation and devastation. |
this is what ← thus.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Ezek 35:4 | עָרֶ֙יךָ֙ חָרְבָּ֣ה אָשִׂ֔ים וְאַתָּ֖ה שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
I will make your cities a ruin, And you will be a desolation. And you will know that I am the Lord, |
|
| Ezek 35:5 | יַ֗עַן הֱי֤וֹת לְךָ֙ אֵיבַ֣ת עוֹלָ֔ם וַתַּגֵּ֥ר אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַל־יְדֵי־חָ֑רֶב בְּעֵ֣ת אֵידָ֔ם בְּעֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן קֵֽץ׃ |
Because you have had an age-old hostility, And you delivered the sons of Israel to the edges of the sword At the time of their calamity, At the time of the final iniquity. |
the final iniquity ← the iniquity of the end. It does not say their (implying Israel's) iniquity, as many translations would have it. The prophecy is against Mount Seir. |
| Ezek 35:6 | לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כִּֽי־לְדָ֥ם אֶעֶשְׂךָ֖ וְדָ֣ם יִרְדֲּפֶ֑ךָ אִם־לֹ֥א דָ֛ם שָׂנֵ֖אתָ וְדָ֥ם יִרְדֲּפֶֽךָ׃ | Therefore, as I live, says the Lord, the Lord, I will destine you for blood, and blood will pursue you. You have certainly hated in a bloody way, and blood will pursue you. |
destine ← make, do.
you have certainly hated: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). AV differs (sith [=since] thou hast not hated). |
| Ezek 35:7 | וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר לְשִֽׁמְמָ֖ה וּשְׁמָמָ֑ה וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עֹבֵ֥ר וָשָֽׁב׃ | And I will make Mount Seir a desolation and a devastation, and I will cut it off for anyone passing by or coming back. | |
| Ezek 35:8 | וּמִלֵּאתִ֥י אֶת־הָרָ֖יו חֲלָלָ֑יו גִּבְעוֹתֶ֤יךָ וְגֵאוֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וְכָל־אֲפִיקֶ֔יךָ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֖רֶב יִפְּל֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃ | And I will fill its mountains with its men struck through. On your hills and in your valleys and all your watercourses, victims of the sword will fall. | |
| Ezek 35:9 | שִֽׁמְמ֤וֹת עוֹלָם֙ אֶתֶּנְךָ֔ וְעָרֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א *תישבנה **תָשֹׁ֑בְנָה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | I will make you into age-abiding desolations, and your cities will not {K: be inhabited} [Q: be restored], and you will know that I am the Lord. | The qeré could be re-pointed to תֵשַׁבְנָה, the sense of the ketiv. |
| Ezek 35:10 | יַ֣עַן אֲ֠מָרְךָ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֨י הַגּוֹיִ֜ם וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֧י הָאֲרָצ֛וֹת לִ֥י תִהְיֶ֖ינָה וִֽירַשְׁנ֑וּהָ וַֽיהוָ֖ה שָׁ֥ם הָיָֽה׃ | Because you said, ‹The two nations and the two countries will be mine, and we will inherit it›, when the Lord was present there. | it: feminine, so perhaps collective, but see [CB]. |
| Ezek 35:11 | לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ וְעָשִׂ֗יתִי כְּאַפְּךָ֙ וּכְקִנְאָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתָה מִשִּׂנְאָתֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם וְנוֹדַ֥עְתִּי בָ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶשְׁפְּטֶֽךָ׃ | As I live, says the Lord, the Lord, I will act according to your anger and your envy which you have shown, because of your hatred of them. And I will have become known among them when I judge you. | shown ← done. |
| Ezek 35:12 | וְֽיָדַעְתָּ֮ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֒ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי ׀ אֶת־כָּל־נָאָֽצוֹתֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמַ֛רְתָּ עַל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֣ר ׀ *שממה **שָׁמֵ֑מוּ לָ֥נוּ נִתְּנ֖וּ לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | And you will know that I am the Lord. I have heard all your insults which you have uttered against the mountains of Israel, saying, ‹{K:It has become desolate} [Q:They have become desolate]; they have been delivered to us as prey.› | prey ← food. |
| Ezek 35:13 | וַתַּגְדִּ֤ילוּ עָלַי֙ בְּפִיכֶ֔ם וְהַעְתַּרְתֶּ֥ם עָלַ֖י דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ ס | And you have acted presumptuously against me with your mouth, and you have been profuse with your words against me. I have heard them.» | acted presumptuously ← made great. |
| Ezek 35:14 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כִּשְׂמֹ֙חַ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֖ה אֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «When the whole of the land is joyful, I will make you a desolation. |
this is what ← thus.
land: or earth. |
| Ezek 35:15 | כְּשִׂמְחָ֨תְךָ֜ לְנַחְלַ֧ת בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמֵ֖מָה כֵּ֣ן אֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ שְׁמָמָ֨ה תִֽהְיֶ֤ה הַר־שֵׂעִיר֙ וְכָל־אֱד֣וֹם כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ | As was your rejoicing at the fate of the house of Israel, because it had become desolate, so I will do to you. Mount Seir, you will become a desolation, as will all of Edom in its entirety, and they will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | fate: the word more often means inheritance. |
| Ezek 36:1 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ הָרֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | “And you, son of Adam, prophesy to the mountains of Israel and say, ‘You mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 36:2 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן אָמַ֧ר הָאוֹיֵ֛ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם הֶאָ֑ח וּבָמ֣וֹת עוֹלָ֔ם לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֖ה הָ֥יְתָה לָּֽנוּ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because the enemy has said against you, ‹Ha! So the age-abiding raised sites will come into our possession› » ’, |
this is what ← thus.
come into our possession ← become to us to a possession, discordant in number, or concordant with the complement. |
| Ezek 36:3 | לָכֵן֙ הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֔ כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֣עַן בְּיַ֡עַן שַׁמּוֹת֩ וְשָׁאֹ֨ף אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִסָּבִ֗יב לִֽהְיוֹתְכֶ֤ם מֽוֹרָשָׁה֙ לִשְׁאֵרִ֣ית הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַתֵּֽעֲל֛וּ עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת לָשׁ֖וֹן וְדִבַּת־עָֽם׃ | prophesy and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because and for the very reason that they have made you mountains of Israel desolate, and they have swallowed you up all around, so that you became a possession to the remainder of the nations, and you were incorporated into the gossip and slander of the people, |
this is what ← thus.
swallowed ... up ← inhaled, in an infinitive absolute. incorporated ← brought up. gossip ← lip of the tongue. |
| Ezek 36:4 | לָכֵן֙ הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת וְלֶחֳרָב֤וֹת הַשֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ וְלֶעָרִ֣ים הַנֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֤וּ לְבַז֙ וּלְלַ֔עַג לִשְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ ס | you mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord, the Lord.» This is what my Lord the Lord says to the mountains and to the hills, to the watercourses and to the valleys, and to the desolated ruins and to the abandoned cities which are a spoil and a laughing stock to the remainder of the nations which are round about, | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 36:5 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־לֹ֠א בְּאֵ֨שׁ קִנְאָתִ֥י דִבַּ֛רְתִּי עַל־שְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגּוֹיִ֖ם וְעַל־אֱד֣וֹם כֻּלָּ֑א אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנֽוּ־אֶת־אַרְצִ֣י ׀ לָ֠הֶם לְמ֨וֹרָשָׁ֜ה בְּשִׂמְחַ֤ת כָּל־לֵבָב֙ בִּשְׁאָ֣ט נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְמַ֥עַן מִגְרָשָׁ֖הּ לָבַֽז׃ | so this is what my Lord the Lord says: «I have most definitely spoken in the ardour of my zeal against the remainder of the nations, and against all of Edom, who gave my land to themselves as a possession, with wholehearted joy and inward contempt in plundering it as a spoil.» ’ |
this is what ← thus.
I have most definitely spoken: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). ardour ← fire. inward contempt ← contempt of soul. in plundering: gerundial use of the infinitive. Aramaic form. |
| Ezek 36:6 | לָכֵ֕ן הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ לֶהָרִ֣ים וְ֠לַגְּבָעוֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֨ים וְלַגֵּאָי֜וֹת כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י בְקִנְאָתִ֤י וּבַחֲמָתִי֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי יַ֛עַן כְּלִמַּ֥ת גּוֹיִ֖ם נְשָׂאתֶֽם׃ | Therefore prophesy concerning the land of Israel and say to the mountains and to the hills, to the watercourses and to the valleys, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Behold, in my zeal and in my fury I have spoken, because you are bearing the ignominy shown by the Gentiles.» |
land ← ground.
this is what ← thus. behold ← behold me. you: the mountains etc. are spoken to, up to Ezek 36:15. |
| Ezek 36:7 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אֲנִ֖י נָשָׂ֣אתִי אֶת־יָדִ֑י אִם־לֹ֤א הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָכֶ֣ם מִסָּבִ֔יב הֵ֖מָּה כְּלִמָּתָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ׃ | Therefore this is what my Lord the Lord says: «I have raised my hand; the Gentiles whom you have round about you will certainly bear their ignominy. |
this is what ← thus.
raised my hand: i.e., [CB], sworn. will certainly bear: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Ezek 36:8 | וְאַתֶּ֞ם הָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עַנְפְּכֶ֣ם תִּתֵּ֔נוּ וּפֶרְיְכֶ֥ם תִּשְׂא֖וּ לְעַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י קֵרְב֖וּ לָבֽוֹא׃ | But you, you mountains of Israel, will put out your branches and bear your fruit for my people Israel, for they will soon be coming, |
branches ← branch.
will soon be ← are close to. |
| Ezek 36:9 | כִּ֖י הִנְנִ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וּפָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנֶעֱבַדְתֶּ֖ם וְנִזְרַעְתֶּֽם׃ | for I am here for you, and I have turned to you, so that you will be cultivated and sown. |
I am here ← behold me.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ezek 36:10 | וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ אָדָ֔ם כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כֻּלֹּ֑ה וְנֹֽשְׁבוּ֙ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים וְהֶחֳרָב֖וֹת תִּבָּנֶֽינָה׃ | And I will increase the number of people on you – the whole house of Israel in its entirety – and the cities will be inhabited, and the ruins will be rebuilt. |
people ← Adam.
rebuilt ← built. |
| Ezek 36:11 | וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם אָדָ֥ם וּבְהֵמָ֖ה וְרָב֣וּ וּפָר֑וּ וְהוֹשַׁבְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֜ם כְּקַדְמֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהֵטִֽבֹתִי֙ מֵרִאשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | So I will increase the number of people and cattle, and they will be numerous and will be fruitful, and I will install you as in your previous state, and I will do more good to you than in your earlier times, and you will know that I am the Lord. |
install ← make dwell.
previous state ← previous states. |
| Ezek 36:12 | וְהוֹלַכְתִּי֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם אָדָ֜ם אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִֽירֵשׁ֔וּךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם לְנַחֲלָ֑ה וְלֹא־תוֹסִ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְשַׁכְּלָֽם׃ ס | And I will lead people in to you – my people Israel – and they will inherit you, you mountains of Israel, and you will be an inheritance to them, and you will no longer bereave them of children.» | people ← Adam. |
| Ezek 36:13 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן אֹמְרִ֣ים לָכֶ֔ם אֹכֶ֥לֶת אָדָ֖ם *אתי **אָ֑תְּ וּמְשַׁכֶּ֥לֶת *גויך **גּוֹיַ֖יִךְ הָיִֽית׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Because they say to you, ‹You devour people, and you have been bereaving your {K: nation} [Q: nations]›, |
you: the ketiv is a contracted Aramaic form.
this is what ← thus. people ← Adam. |
| Ezek 36:14 | לָכֵ֗ן אָדָם֙ לֹא־תֹ֣אכְלִי ע֔וֹד *וגויך **וְגוֹיַ֖יִךְ לֹ֣א *תכשלי־**תְשַׁכְּלִי־ע֑וֹד נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | you will no longer devour people, and you will no longer {Q: bereave} [K: cause] {K: your nation} [Q: your nations] {Q: - } [K: to stumble], says the Lord, the Lord. | people ← Adam. |
| Ezek 36:15 | וְלֹא־אַשְׁמִ֨יעַ אֵלַ֤יִךְ עוֹד֙ כְּלִמַּ֣ת הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת עַמִּ֖ים לֹ֣א תִשְׂאִי־ע֑וֹד *וגויך **וְגוֹיַ֙יִךְ֙ לֹא־תַכְשִׁ֣לִי ע֔וֹד נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And I will no longer let the contempt of the Gentiles directed at you be heard, and you will no longer bear the reproach of the nations, and you will no longer bereave your own {K: nation} [Q: nations], says the Lord, the Lord.» ’ ” |
contempt of the Gentiles ... reproach of the nations: subjective genitives (the Gentiles contemn ... the nations reproach).
let ... be heard ← make heard. |
| Ezek 36:16 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 36:17 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשְׁבִ֣ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֔ם וַיְטַמְּא֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּדַרְכָּ֖ם וּבַעֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם כְּטֻמְאַת֙ הַנִּדָּ֔ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַרְכָּ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃ | “Son of Adam, when the house of Israel was living on their own land, they defiled it with their way and their deeds. Their way before me was like the uncleanness of menstruation. |
living ← dwelling.
land ← ground. |
| Ezek 36:18 | וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־הַדָּ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֣וּ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם טִמְּאֽוּהָ׃ | So I poured my fury out over them, because of the blood which they had shed on the land which they had defiled with their idols. | |
| Ezek 36:19 | וָאָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּזָּר֖וּ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּדַרְכָּ֥ם וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם שְׁפַטְתִּֽים׃ | Then I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed in the various countries. I judged them according to their way and according to their deeds. | |
| Ezek 36:20 | וַיָּב֗וֹא אֶל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ שָׁ֔ם וַֽיְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י בֶּאֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ עַם־יְהוָ֣ה אֵ֔לֶּה וּמֵאַרְצ֖וֹ יָצָֽאוּ׃ | And when it had come to the Gentiles, where they went, the Gentiles profaned my holy name, when they said of them, ‘These are the Lord's people, but they have come out of his land.’ |
Rom 2:24. Romans interprets as the Gentiles. Elsewhere in this chapter it is the house of Israel who profane.
it had come: referring to ↴ my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 36:21 | וָאֶחְמֹ֖ל עַל־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י אֲשֶׁ֤ר חִלְּל֙וּהוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃ ס | Then I had pity on my holy name which the house of Israel had profaned among the Gentiles to whom they went. |
↳ the house of Israel. A few manuscripts, the Targum [BHS-CA], LXX and Vulgate read they.
Rom 2:24. to whom ← to where. |
| Ezek 36:22 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֣ר לְבֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה לֹ֧א לְמַעַנְכֶ֛ם אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י אִם־לְשֵׁם־קָדְשִׁי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִלַּלְתֶּ֔ם בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אתֶם שָֽׁם׃ | So say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am not acting for your sake, O house of Israel, but for the sake of my holy name which you have profaned among the Gentiles to whom you have gone. |
this is what ← thus.
my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. to whom ← to where. |
| Ezek 36:23 | וְקִדַּשְׁתִּ֞י אֶת־שְׁמִ֣י הַגָּד֗וֹל הַֽמְחֻלָּל֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר חִלַּלְתֶּ֖ם בְּתוֹכָ֑ם וְיָדְע֨וּ הַגּוֹיִ֜ם כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י בָכֶ֖ם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And I will sanctify my great name, which has been profaned among the Gentiles, which you profaned among them, and the Gentiles will know that I am the Lord, says the Lord, the Lord, when I am sanctified among them in their sight. | Rom 2:24. |
| Ezek 36:24 | וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקִבַּצְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֶל־אַדְמַתְכֶֽם׃ | Then I will take you from the Gentiles, and I will gather you from all the various countries, and I will bring you to your land. | |
| Ezek 36:25 | וְזָרַקְתִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם מַ֥יִם טְהוֹרִ֖ים וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑ם מִכֹּ֧ל טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם וּמִכָּל־גִּלּ֥וּלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲטַהֵ֥ר אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | And I will sprinkle clean water over you, and you will become clean from all your unclean ways, and I will cleanse you from all your idols. | unclean ways ← uncleannesses. |
| Ezek 36:26 | וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ לֵ֣ב חָדָ֔שׁ וְר֥וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֖ה אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וַהֲסִ֨רֹתִ֜י אֶת־לֵ֤ב הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ מִבְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם לֵ֥ב בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And I will give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit inside you, and I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh. | |
| Ezek 36:27 | וְאֶת־רוּחִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֗יתִי אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־בְּחֻקַּי֙ תֵּלֵ֔כוּ וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃ | And I will put my spirit inside you, and I will make you walk in my statutes, and you will observe my judgments and execute them. | |
| Ezek 36:28 | וִישַׁבְתֶּ֣ם בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And you will live in the land which I gave to your fathers, and you will be my people, and I will be your God. | live ← dwell. |
| Ezek 36:29 | וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִכֹּ֖ל טֻמְאֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְקָרָ֤אתִי אֶל־הַדָּגָן֙ וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֣י אֹת֔וֹ וְלֹא־אֶתֵּ֥ן עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם רָעָֽב׃ | And I will save you from all your unclean ways, and I will call on the corn and increase it, and I will not bring famine over you. |
unclean ways ← uncleannesses.
bring ← give, put, appoint. |
| Ezek 36:30 | וְהִרְבֵּיתִי֙ אֶת־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ וּתְנוּבַ֖ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה לְמַ֗עַן אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א תִקְח֥וּ ע֛וֹד חֶרְפַּ֥ת רָעָ֖ב בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And I will increase the fruit of the tree and the produce of the field, so that you will no longer incur the reproach of a famine among the Gentiles. | incur ← take. |
| Ezek 36:31 | וּזְכַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־דַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־טוֹבִ֑ים וּנְקֹֽטֹתֶם֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֚ל עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְעַ֖ל תּוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | But you will remember your evil ways and your deeds which were not right, and you will loathe yourselves in your view on account of your iniquities and on account of your abominations. | in your view ← at your face. |
| Ezek 36:32 | לֹ֧א לְמַעַנְכֶ֣ם אֲנִֽי־עֹשֶׂ֗ה נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יִוָּדַ֖ע לָכֶ֑ם בּ֧וֹשׁוּ וְהִכָּלְמ֛וּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Be it known to you that it is not for your sakes that I am acting, says the Lord, the Lord. Be ashamed and disgraced with your ways, O house of Israel.» | |
| Ezek 36:33 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה בְּיוֹם֙ טַהֲרִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִכֹּ֖ל עֲוֺנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהֽוֹשַׁבְתִּי֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים וְנִבְנ֖וּ הֶחֳרָבֽוֹת׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «On the day when I cleanse you from all your iniquities, I will populate the cities with you and the ruins will be rebuilt. |
this is what ← thus.
rebuilt ← built. |
| Ezek 36:34 | וְהָאָ֥רֶץ הַנְּשַׁמָּ֖ה תֵּֽעָבֵ֑ד תַּ֚חַת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיְתָ֣ה שְׁמָמָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עוֹבֵֽר׃ | And the land which was desolate will be cultivated instead of it being a desolation in the sight of everyone passing through. | |
| Ezek 36:35 | וְאָמְר֗וּ הָאָ֤רֶץ הַלֵּ֙זוּ֙ הַנְּשַׁמָּ֔ה הָיְתָ֖ה כְּגַן־עֵ֑דֶן וְהֶעָרִ֧ים הֶחֳרֵב֛וֹת וְהַֽנְשַׁמּ֥וֹת וְהַנֶּהֱרָס֖וֹת בְּצוּר֥וֹת יָשָֽׁבוּ׃ | And they will say, ‹This land which was desolate has become like the garden of Eden, and the cities which were ruined and devastated and demolished are fortified and are inhabited.› | |
| Ezek 36:36 | וְיָדְע֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽשָּׁאֲרוּ֮ סְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶם֒ כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה בָּנִ֙יתִי֙ הַנֶּ֣הֱרָס֔וֹת נָטַ֖עְתִּי הַנְּשַׁמָּ֑ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי׃ ס | And the Gentiles who remain round about you will know that I am the Lord – that I have built what was demolished and that I have planted what was desolate. I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it.» | |
| Ezek 36:37 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה ע֗וֹד זֹ֛את אִדָּרֵ֥שׁ לְבֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָהֶ֑ם אַרְבֶּ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם כַּצֹּ֖אן אָדָֽם׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I will yet be asked by the house of Israel to act for them. I will increase the people like a flock. |
the people like a flock ← them like the flock, Adam. Re-pointing as כְּצֺאן אָדָם, like a flock of Adam → like a human flock.
this is what ← thus. asked: or sought. |
| Ezek 36:38 | כְּצֹ֣אן קָֽדָשִׁ֗ים כְּצֹ֤אן יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בְּמ֣וֹעֲדֶ֔יהָ כֵּ֤ן תִּהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ הֶעָרִ֣ים הֶחֳרֵב֔וֹת מְלֵא֖וֹת צֹ֣אן אָדָ֑ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | As a flock of holy people, as the flock of Jerusalem on its festival days, so the ruined cities will be, full of the human flock, and they will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | the human flock: here the MT pointing is as our re-pointing of Ezek 36:37. |
| Ezek 37:1 | הָיְתָ֣ה עָלַי֮ יַד־יְהוָה֒ וַיּוֹצִאֵ֤נִי בְר֙וּחַ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַיְנִיחֵ֖נִי בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבִּקְעָ֑ה וְהִ֖יא מְלֵאָ֥ה עֲצָמֽוֹת׃ | The hand of the Lord was on me, and he led me out in the spirit of the Lord, and he set me down in the middle of a valley which was full of bones. | a valley ← the valley. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ezek 37:2 | וְהֶעֱבִירַ֥נִי עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב וְהִנֵּ֨ה רַבּ֤וֹת מְאֹד֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַבִּקְעָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֖ה יְבֵשׁ֥וֹת מְאֹֽד׃ | And he conducted me to them all around, and I saw that they were very numerous over the surface of the valley, and I saw that they were very dry. | I saw that (2x) ← behold. |
| Ezek 37:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הֲתִחְיֶ֖ינָה הָעֲצָמ֣וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וָאֹמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה יָדָֽעְתָּ׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, can these bones live?” And I said, “My Lord the Lord, you know.” | |
| Ezek 37:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־הָעֲצָמ֣וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם הָעֲצָמוֹת֙ הַיְבֵשׁ֔וֹת שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ | And he said to me, “Prophesy about these bones, and say to them, ‘Dry bones, hear the word of the Lord. | |
| Ezek 37:5 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה לָעֲצָמ֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הִנֵּ֨ה אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא בָכֶ֛ם ר֖וּחַ וִחְיִיתֶֽם׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says to these bones: «I am about to bring spirit into you, and you will live. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Ezek 37:6 | וְנָתַתִּי֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם גִּדִ֜ים וְֽהַעֲלֵתִ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בָּשָׂ֗ר וְקָרַמְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ ע֔וֹר וְנָתַתִּ֥י בָכֶ֛ם ר֖וּחַ וִחְיִיתֶ֑ם וִידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will put sinews on you, and I will make flesh arise over you, and I will cover you with skin, and I will put spirit in you, and you will live, and you will know that I am the Lord.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 37:7 | וְנִבֵּ֖אתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צֻוֵּ֑יתִי וַֽיְהִי־ק֤וֹל כְּהִנָּֽבְאִי֙ וְהִנֵּה־רַ֔עַשׁ וַתִּקְרְב֣וּ עֲצָמ֔וֹת עֶ֖צֶם אֶל־עַצְמֽוֹ׃ | So I prophesied as I had been commanded. And there was a sound as I prophesied, and it was actually an earth tremor, and the bones came close to each other. |
it was actually ← behold.
earth tremor ← tumult; rushing, rattling, but often apparently of an earthquake. to each other ← bone to its bone. |
| Ezek 37:8 | וְרָאִ֜יתִי וְהִנֵּֽה־עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם גִּדִים֙ וּבָשָׂ֣ר עָלָ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם ע֖וֹר מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם׃ | And I looked and what I saw was sinews and flesh arise, and skin covering them from above, but there was no spirit in them. |
what I saw was ← behold.
skin covering them: or he covered them with skin, corresponding syntactically to Ezek 37:6. |
| Ezek 37:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י הִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־הָר֑וּחַ הִנָּבֵ֣א בֶן־אָ֠דָם וְאָמַרְתָּ֨ אֶל־הָר֜וּחַ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה מֵאַרְבַּ֤ע רוּחוֹת֙ בֹּ֣אִי הָר֔וּחַ וּפְחִ֛י בַּהֲרוּגִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְיִֽחְיֽוּ׃ | Then he said to me, “Prophesy to the spirit, prophesy, son of Adam, and say to the spirit, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Come, spirit, from the four winds, and breathe into these who have been killed, so that they live.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ezek 37:10 | וְהִנַּבֵּ֖אתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֑נִי וַתָּבוֹא֩ בָהֶ֨ם הָר֜וּחַ וַיִּֽחְי֗וּ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ עַל־רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם חַ֖יִל גָּד֥וֹל מְאֹד־מְאֹֽד׃ ס | So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the spirit came over them, and they revived, and they stood on their feet, as a very large host indeed. | revived ← lived. |
| Ezek 37:11 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֵלַי֒ בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הָעֲצָמ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑מָּה הִנֵּ֣ה אֹמְרִ֗ים יָבְשׁ֧וּ עַצְמוֹתֵ֛ינוּ וְאָבְדָ֥ה תִקְוָתֵ֖נוּ נִגְזַ֥רְנוּ לָֽנוּ׃ | Then he said to me, “Son of Adam, these bones are the whole house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dry, our hope is lost; we have got ourselves cut off.’ | we have got ourselves cut off ← we have been cut off for ourselves. A colloquial ethic dative. |
| Ezek 37:12 | לָכֵן֩ הִנָּבֵ֨א וְאָמַרְתָּ֜ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנֵּה֩ אֲנִ֨י פֹתֵ֜חַ אֶת־קִבְרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִקִּבְרוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם עַמִּ֑י וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֶל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Therefore prophesy and say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am about to open your graves, and I will bring you up out of your graves, my people, and I will bring you to the land of Israel. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. land ← ground. |
| Ezek 37:13 | וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּפִתְחִ֣י אֶת־קִבְרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וּבְהַעֲלוֹתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִקִּבְרוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם עַמִּֽי׃ | And you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and when I bring you up out of your graves, my people. | |
| Ezek 37:14 | וְנָתַתִּ֨י רוּחִ֤י בָכֶם֙ וִחְיִיתֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם עַל־אַדְמַתְכֶ֑ם וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם כִּי־אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִׂ֖יתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And I will put my spirit in you, and you will live, and I will set you down on your land, and you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken and acted, says the Lord.» ’ ” | land ← ground. |
| Ezek 37:15 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 37:16 | וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם קַח־לְךָ֙ עֵ֣ץ אֶחָ֔ד וּכְתֹ֤ב עָלָיו֙ לִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְלִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל *חברו **חֲבֵרָ֑יו וּלְקַח֙ עֵ֣ץ אֶחָ֔ד וּכְת֣וֹב עָלָ֗יו לְיוֹסֵף֙ עֵ֣ץ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל *חברו **חֲבֵרָֽיו׃ | “And you, son of Adam, get yourself a piece of wood, and write on it, ‘For Judah and for the sons of Israel – {Q: those} [K: him] associated with him’, and take another piece of wood, and write on it, ‘For Joseph, Ephraim's piece of wood, and the whole house of Israel – {Q: those} [K: him] associated with him.’ |
associated (2x) ← (his) companions / associates (qeré); (his) companion / associate (ketiv). The expression refers to the tribes not explicitly named here.
a piece of wood ... another piece of wood ← one wood ... one wood. |
| Ezek 37:17 | וְקָרַ֨ב אֹתָ֜ם אֶחָ֧ד אֶל־אֶחָ֛ד לְךָ֖ לְעֵ֣ץ אֶחָ֑ד וְהָי֥וּ לַאֲחָדִ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And just join them one to another, into one piece of wood, so that they become a unity in your hand. |
just ← for yourself, an ethic dative.
unity ← ones. |
| Ezek 37:18 | וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ יֹאמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ בְּנֵ֥י עַמְּךָ֖ לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲלֽוֹא־תַגִּ֥יד לָ֖נוּ מָה־אֵ֥לֶּה לָּֽךְ׃ | And when the sons of your people speak to you and say, ‘Will you not tell us what these actions of yours mean?’, | |
| Ezek 37:19 | דַּבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנֵּה֩ אֲנִ֨י לֹקֵ֜חַ אֶת־עֵ֤ץ יוֹסֵף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְשִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל *חברו **חֲבֵרָ֑יו וְנָתַתִּי֩ אוֹתָ֨ם עָלָ֜יו אֶת־עֵ֣ץ יְהוּדָ֗ה וַֽעֲשִׂיתִם֙ לְעֵ֣ץ אֶחָ֔ד וְהָי֥וּ אֶחָ֖ד בְּיָדִֽי׃ | say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am about to take Joseph's piece of wood, which is in Ephraim's hand, and the tribes of Israel – {Q: those} [K: him] associated with him – and put them with this: with Judah's piece of wood, and I will make them into one piece of wood, and they will be one in my hand.» ’ |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. associated: see Ezek 37:16. |
| Ezek 37:20 | וְהָי֨וּ הָעֵצִ֜ים אֲֽשֶׁר־תִּכְתֹּ֧ב עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּיָדְךָ֖ לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the pieces of wood on which you write shall be held in your hand in their sight. | |
| Ezek 37:21 | וְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנֵּ֨ה אֲנִ֤י לֹקֵ֙חַ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֵּ֥ין הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָֽלְכוּ־שָׁ֑ם וְקִבַּצְתִּ֤י אֹתָם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם אֶל־אַדְמָתָֽם׃ | Say to them, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «I am about to take the sons of Israel from among the Gentiles where they went, and I will gather them from round about, and I will bring them to their land. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. land ← ground. |
| Ezek 37:22 | וְעָשִׂ֣יתִי אֹ֠תָם לְג֨וֹי אֶחָ֤ד בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ בְּהָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמֶ֧לֶךְ אֶחָ֛ד יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לְכֻלָּ֖ם לְמֶ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֤א *יהיה־**יִֽהְיוּ־עוֹד֙ לִשְׁנֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם וְלֹ֨א יֵחָ֥צוּ ע֛וֹד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י מַמְלָכ֖וֹת עֽוֹד׃ | And I will make them into one nation in the land, in the mountains of Israel, and they will all have one king as king, and {Q: they} [K: it] will no longer be two nations, and they will no longer be divided into two kingdoms any more. | no longer ... any more: the pleonasm is present in the Hebrew. |
| Ezek 37:23 | וְלֹ֧א יִֽטַמְּא֣וּ ע֗וֹד בְּגִלּֽוּלֵיהֶם֙ וּבְשִׁקּ֣וּצֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְכֹ֖ל פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֑ם וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֗ם מִכֹּ֤ל מוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וְטִהַרְתִּ֤י אוֹתָם֙ וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And they will no longer defile themselves with their idols and with their abominations and with all their transgressions, and I will save them from all their places of abode in which they have sinned, and I will cleanse them, and they will be my people, and I will be their God. | |
| Ezek 37:24 | וְעַבְדִּ֤י דָוִד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְרוֹעֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִהְיֶ֣ה לְכֻלָּ֑ם וּבְמִשְׁפָּטַ֣י יֵלֵ֔כוּ וְחֻקֹּתַ֥י יִשְׁמְר֖וּ וְעָשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽם׃ | And my servant David will be king over them, and there will be one shepherd for all of them, and they will walk in my judicial ways, and they will keep my statutes, and do them. | |
| Ezek 37:25 | וְיָשְׁב֣וּ עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַ֙תִּי֙ לְעַבְדִּ֣י לְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָ֖הּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְיָשְׁב֣וּ עָלֶ֡יהָ הֵ֠מָּה וּבְנֵיהֶ֞ם וּבְנֵ֤י בְנֵיהֶם֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם וְדָוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֔י נָשִׂ֥יא לָהֶ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | And they will live on the land which I gave to my servant Jacob, on which your fathers lived, and they and their sons and their sons' sons will live on it age-abidingly, and David my servant will be their prince age-abidingly. | live ... lived ... live ← dwell ... dwelt ... dwell. |
| Ezek 37:26 | וְכָרַתִּ֤י לָהֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית שָׁל֔וֹם בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם יִהְיֶ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ם וּנְתַתִּים֙ וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֛י בְּתוֹכָ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | And I will make a covenant of peace with them. It will be an age-abiding covenant with them, and I will settle them, and I will multiply them, and I will put my sanctuary in their midst age-abidingly. |
with them: or for them.
settle ← put; give. |
| Ezek 37:27 | וְהָיָ֤ה מִשְׁכָּנִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָהֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וְהֵ֖מָּה יִֽהְיוּ־לִ֥י לְעָֽם׃ | And my tabernacle will be with them, and I will be their God, and they will be my people. |
2 Cor 6:16.
tabernacle: i.e. abode, here. |
| Ezek 37:28 | וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בִּהְי֧וֹת מִקְדָּשִׁ֛י בְּתוֹכָ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס | And the Gentiles will know that I am the Lord who sanctifies Israel when my sanctuary is among them age-abidingly.» ’ ” | |
| Ezek 38:1 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | The word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Ezek 38:2 | בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שִׂ֤ים פָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־גּוֹג֙ אֶ֣רֶץ הַמָּג֔וֹג נְשִׂ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ מֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתֻבָ֑ל וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עָלָֽיו׃ | “Son of Adam, direct your attention to Gog, the land of Magog, the foremost prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him, |
Rev 20:8.
direct your attention ← set your face. See Ezek 35:2. |
| Ezek 38:3 | וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ גּ֔וֹג נְשִׂ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ מֶ֥שֶׁךְ וְתֻבָֽל׃ | and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Here I am against you, Gog, foremost prince of Meshech and Tubal. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 38:4 | וְשׁ֣וֹבַבְתִּ֔יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֥י חַחִ֖ים בִּלְחָיֶ֑יךָ וְהוֹצֵאתִי֩ אוֹתְךָ֨ וְאֶת־כָּל־חֵילֶ֜ךָ סוּסִ֣ים וּפָרָשִׁ֗ים לְבֻשֵׁ֤י מִכְלוֹל֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם קָהָ֥ל רָב֙ צִנָּ֣ה וּמָגֵ֔ן תֹּפְשֵׂ֥י חֲרָב֖וֹת כֻּלָּֽם׃ | And I will turn you back and put hooks in your jaws. But I will draw you out, with all your forces, horses and horsemen, all fully fitted out – a large contingent – all of them with shield and buckler, wielding swords. |
draw ← bring.
fully fitted out ← dressed immaculately. buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ezek 38:5 | פָּרַ֛ס כּ֥וּשׁ וּפ֖וּט אִתָּ֑ם כֻּלָּ֖ם מָגֵ֥ן וְכוֹבָֽע׃ | Persia, Ethiopia and Libya will be with them, all of them with buckler and helmet, | buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ezek 38:6 | גֹּ֚מֶר וְכָל־אֲגַפֶּ֔יהָ בֵּ֚ית תּֽוֹגַרְמָ֔ה יַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפ֖וֹן וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲגַפָּ֑יו עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אִתָּֽךְ׃ | with Gomer and all its battalions, with the house of Togarmah, the remote parts of the north and all their battalions – many nations with you. | Togarmah: [CB] identifies this as Armenia, but we regard this as highly speculative. |
| Ezek 38:7 | הִכֹּן֙ וְהָכֵ֣ן לְךָ֔ אַתָּ֕ה וְכָל־קְהָלֶ֖ךָ הַנִּקְהָלִ֣ים עָלֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם לְמִשְׁמָֽר׃ | Be prepared and prepare yourself, you and all your contingents which have been assembled around you, and be a guard to them. | around you ← to you. |
| Ezek 38:8 | מִיָּמִ֣ים רַבִּים֮ תִּפָּקֵד֒ בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית הַשָּׁנִ֜ים תָּב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ מְשׁוֹבֶ֣בֶת מֵחֶ֗רֶב מְקֻבֶּ֙צֶת֙ מֵעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים עַ֚ל הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־הָי֥וּ לְחָרְבָּ֖ה תָּמִ֑יד וְהִיא֙ מֵעַמִּ֣ים הוּצָ֔אָה וְיָשְׁב֥וּ לָבֶ֖טַח כֻּלָּֽם׃ | After many days you will be visited. In the last years you will come to the land which was brought back from destruction by the sword, a land with a population gathered from many nations, to the mountains of Israel which were continuously a ruin. But the inhabitants will have been brought out from the nations, and they will all be living there in safety. |
after ← from. The Greek of Rev 13:4 uses this Semitic idiom.
be living ← be dwelling. |
| Ezek 38:9 | וְעָלִ֙יתָ֙ כַּשֹּׁאָ֣ה תָב֔וֹא כֶּעָנָ֛ן לְכַסּ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־אֲגַפֶּ֔יךָ וְעַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אוֹתָֽךְ׃ ס | And you will go up and arrive like a tempest; you will be like a cloud set to cover the land – you and all your battalions, and many nations with you.» | |
| Ezek 38:10 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יַעֲל֤וּ דְבָרִים֙ עַל־לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וְחָשַׁבְתָּ֖ מַחֲשֶׁ֥בֶת רָעָֽה׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «It will also come to pass on that day that matters will come to your mind, and you will think an evil thought. |
this is what ← thus.
mind ← heart. |
| Ezek 38:11 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ אֶֽעֱלֶה֙ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּרָז֔וֹת אָבוֹא֙ הַשֹּׁ֣קְטִ֔ים יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לָבֶ֑טַח כֻּלָּ֗ם יֹֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּאֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֔ה וּבְרִ֥יחַ וּדְלָתַ֖יִם אֵ֥ין לָהֶֽם׃ | And you will say, ‹I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will come to those who are at rest – all of them living in safety, living without a wall, not having bolt or doors – | living (2x) ← dwelling. |
| Ezek 38:12 | לִשְׁלֹ֥ל שָׁלָ֖ל וְלָבֹ֣ז בַּ֑ז לְהָשִׁ֨יב יָדְךָ֜ עַל־חֳרָב֣וֹת נוֹשָׁבֹ֗ת וְאֶל־עַם֙ מְאֻסָּ֣ף מִגּוֹיִ֔ם עֹשֶׂה֙ מִקְנֶ֣ה וְקִנְיָ֔ן יֹשְׁבֵ֖י עַל־טַבּ֥וּר הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | to seize plunder, and to take spoil›, in turning your hand against the reinhabited ruins and against a people gathered from the nations, who are acquiring cattle and property, who live at the hub of the land. |
to seize plunder ... take spoil ← to plunder plunder ... spoil spoil.
in turning: gerundial use of the infinitive. reinhabited ← inhabited. live ← dwell. hub ← navel, or high place. |
| Ezek 38:13 | שְׁבָ֡א וּ֠דְדָן וְסֹחֲרֵ֨י תַרְשִׁ֤ישׁ וְכָל־כְּפִרֶ֙יהָ֙ יֹאמְר֣וּ לְךָ֔ הֲלִשְׁלֹ֤ל שָׁלָל֙ אַתָּ֣ה בָ֔א הֲלָבֹ֥ז בַּ֖ז הִקְהַ֣לְתָּ קְהָלֶ֑ךָ לָשֵׂ֣את ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב לָקַ֙חַת֙ מִקְנֶ֣ה וְקִנְיָ֔ן לִשְׁלֹ֖ל שָׁלָ֥ל גָּדֽוֹל׃ ס | Sheba and Dedan and the merchants of Tarshish and all its villages will say to you, ‹Is it to seize plunder that you have come? Is it to take spoil that you have assembled your contingent, to carry off silver and gold, to take cattle and property and to seize much plunder?› » ’ |
villages: AV differs (young lions). See Neh 6:2.
to seize plunder ... take spoil ... seize much plunder ← to plunder plunder ... spoil spoil ... plunder great plunder. |
| Ezek 38:14 | לָכֵן֙ הִנָּבֵ֣א בֶן־אָדָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לְג֔וֹג כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא בְּשֶׁ֨בֶת עַמִּ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לָבֶ֖טַח תֵּדָֽע׃ | Therefore prophesy, son of Adam, and say to Gog, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «On that day, when my people Israel dwell in safety, will you not know what is happening? | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 38:15 | וּבָ֤אתָ מִמְּקֽוֹמְךָ֙ מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפ֔וֹן אַתָּ֕ה וְעַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אִתָּ֑ךְ רֹכְבֵ֤י סוּסִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם קָהָ֥ל גָּד֖וֹל וְחַ֥יִל רָֽב׃ | And you will come from your place, from the remote parts of the north – you and many nations with you – all horseriders, a large contingent and a great army. | |
| Ezek 38:16 | וְעָלִ֙יתָ֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֶּֽעָנָ֖ן לְכַסּ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית הַיָּמִ֜ים תִּֽהְיֶ֗ה וַהֲבִאוֹתִ֙יךָ֙ עַל־אַרְצִ֔י לְמַעַן֩ דַּ֨עַת הַגּוֹיִ֜ם אֹתִ֗י בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י בְךָ֛ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם גּֽוֹג׃ ס | And you will come up to my people Israel like a cloud set to cover the land. It will be in the last days, and I will bring you against my land in order that the Gentiles may know me when I am sanctified through you in their sight, Gog.» | |
| Ezek 38:17 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הַֽאַתָּה־ה֨וּא אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֜רְתִּי בְּיָמִ֣ים קַדְמוֹנִ֗ים בְּיַד֙ עֲבָדַי֙ נְבִיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַֽנִּבְּאִ֛ים בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖ם שָׁנִ֑ים לְהָבִ֥יא אֹתְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Is it you of whom I spoke in the former days, by the intermediacy of my servants the prophets of Israel, who prophesied in those days for years that I would bring you up against them? |
this is what ← thus.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Ezek 38:18 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא בְּי֨וֹם בּ֥וֹא גוֹג֙ עַל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה תַּעֲלֶ֥ה חֲמָתִ֖י בְּאַפִּֽי׃ | So it will come to pass on that day when Gog comes against the land of Israel – says the Lord, the Lord – that my fury will mount up in my anger. | anger: or nose, or with AV, face. So AV differs. |
| Ezek 38:19 | וּבְקִנְאָתִ֥י בְאֵשׁ־עֶבְרָתִ֖י דִּבַּ֑רְתִּי אִם־לֹ֣א ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ רַ֣עַשׁ גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ל אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And in my zeal, in my fiery ire, I have spoken. On that day there will certainly be a great earthquake over the land of Israel. |
there will certainly be: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
earthquake: see Ezek 37:7. land ← ground. |
| Ezek 38:20 | וְרָעֲשׁ֣וּ מִפָּנַ֡י דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּם֩ וְע֨וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וְחַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְכָל־הָרֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ הָרֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה וְכֹל֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וְנֶהֶרְס֣וּ הֶהָרִ֗ים וְנָֽפְלוּ֙ הַמַּדְרֵג֔וֹת וְכָל־חוֹמָ֖ה לָאָ֥רֶץ תִּפּֽוֹל׃ | And the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and the wild animals and every reptile that crawls over the ground and all men who are on the surface of the ground will tremble at my presence, and the mountains will be demolished, and the steep places will fall down, and every wall in the land will collapse. | wild animals ← animal of the field. |
| Ezek 38:21 | וְקָרָ֨אתִי עָלָ֤יו לְכָל־הָרַי֙ חֶ֔רֶב נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה חֶ֥רֶב אִ֖ישׁ בְּאָחִ֥יו תִּֽהְיֶֽה׃ | And I will call the sword against him on all my mountains, says the Lord, the Lord. The sword of every man will be against his brother. |
on ← to, onto.
every ← each. |
| Ezek 38:22 | וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֥י אִתּ֖וֹ בְּדֶ֣בֶר וּבְדָ֑ם וְגֶ֣שֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף֩ וְאַבְנֵ֨י אֶלְגָּבִ֜ישׁ אֵ֣שׁ וְגָפְרִ֗ית אַמְטִ֤יר עָלָיו֙ וְעַל־אֲגַפָּ֔יו וְעַל־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | And I will contend with him by plague and by blood, and I will rain overwhelming rain and hailstones and fire and sulphur on him and on his battalions and on many nations which are with him. | |
| Ezek 38:23 | וְהִתְגַּדִּלְתִּי֙ וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתִּ֔י וְנ֣וֹדַעְתִּ֔י לְעֵינֵ֖י גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֑ים וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And I will have myself magnified and sanctified, and I will be acknowledged in the sight of many nations, and they will know that I am the Lord.» ’ | |
| Ezek 39:1 | וְאַתָּ֤ה בֶן־אָדָם֙ הִנָּבֵ֣א עַל־גּ֔וֹג וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ גּ֔וֹג נְשִׂ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ מֶ֥שֶׁךְ וְתֻבָֽל׃ | And you, son of Adam, prophesy against Gog, and say, ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «Here I am against you, Gog, foremost prince of Meshech and Tubal. |
this is what ← thus.
here I am ← behold me. |
| Ezek 39:2 | וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֙יךָ֙ וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִ֔יךָ וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖יךָ מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפ֑וֹן וַהֲבִאוֹתִ֖ךָ עַל־הָרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I will steer you and lead you, and I will bring you up from the remote parts of the north, and I will bring you to the mountains of Israel. | lead you: AV differs (leave but the sixth part of thee). |
| Ezek 39:3 | וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י קַשְׁתְּךָ֖ מִיַּ֣ד שְׂמֹאולֶ֑ךָ וְחִצֶּ֕יךָ מִיַּ֥ד יְמִינְךָ֖ אַפִּֽיל׃ | Then I will strike your bow out of your left hand, and I will knock your arrows out of your right hand. | knock ... out of ← make fall. |
| Ezek 39:4 | עַל־הָרֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל תִּפּ֗וֹל אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־אֲגַפֶּ֔יךָ וְעַמִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ לְעֵ֨יט צִפּ֧וֹר כָּל־כָּנָ֛ף וְחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ לְאָכְלָֽה׃ | You will fall on the mountains of Israel, you and all your battalions, as will the nations which are with you. I will make you food for birds of prey of every kind and the wild animals. |
kind ← wing.
wild animals ← animal of the field. |
| Ezek 39:5 | עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה תִּפּ֑וֹל כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י דִבַּ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | You will fall in the open country, for I have spoken, says the Lord, the Lord. | in the open country ← on the surface of the field. |
| Ezek 39:6 | וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּמָג֔וֹג וּבְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאִיִּ֖ים לָבֶ֑טַח וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And I will send fire onto Magog, and onto those who live confidently in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the Lord. |
live ← dwell.
confidently ← in security. coastlands: or islands. |
| Ezek 39:7 | וְאֶת־שֵׁ֨ם קָדְשִׁ֜י אוֹדִ֗יעַ בְּתוֹךְ֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹֽא־אַחֵ֥ל אֶת־שֵׁם־קָדְשִׁ֖י ע֑וֹד וְיָדְע֤וּ הַגּוֹיִם֙ כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה קָד֖וֹשׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I will make my holy name known among my people Israel, and I will not have my holy name profaned any more, and the Gentiles will know that I am the Lord, the holy one in Israel. | my holy name (2x) ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 39:8 | הִנֵּ֤ה בָאָה֙ וְנִֽהְיָ֔תָה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה ה֥וּא הַיּ֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ | Behold, it is coming, and it will be brought to pass, says the Lord, the Lord. That is the day which I have spoken of. | |
| Ezek 39:9 | וְֽיָצְא֞וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י ׀ עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבִעֲר֡וּ וְ֠הִשִּׂיקוּ בְּנֶ֨שֶׁק וּמָגֵ֤ן וְצִנָּה֙ בְּקֶ֣שֶׁת וּבְחִצִּ֔ים וּבְמַקֵּ֥ל יָ֖ד וּבְרֹ֑מַח וּבִעֲר֥וּ בָהֶ֛ם אֵ֖שׁ שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃ | And the inhabitants of the cities of Israel will go out and start a fire, and they will set weapons and bucklers and shields and bows and arrows and javelins and spears alight, and they will burn them in a fire for seven years. |
start a fire ← burn.
bucklers and shields: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ezek 39:10 | וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֨וּ עֵצִ֜ים מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְלֹ֤א יַחְטְבוּ֙ מִן־הַיְּעָרִ֔ים כִּ֥י בַנֶּ֖שֶׁק יְבַֽעֲרוּ־אֵ֑שׁ וְשָׁלְל֣וּ אֶת־שֹׁלְלֵיהֶ֗ם וּבָֽזְזוּ֙ אֶת־בֹּ֣זְזֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And they will no longer carry away wood from the countryside, nor will they hew it from the forests, for they will burn weapons in a fire, and they will plunder those who plundered them, and they will spoil those who spoiled them, says the Lord, the Lord. | |
| Ezek 39:11 | וְהָיָ֣ה בַיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא אֶתֵּ֣ן לְגוֹג֩ ׀ מְקֽוֹם־שָׁ֨ם קֶ֜בֶר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל גֵּ֤י הָעֹֽבְרִים֙ קִדְמַ֣ת הַיָּ֔ם וְחֹסֶ֥מֶת הִ֖יא אֶת־הָעֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְקָ֣בְרוּ שָׁ֗ם אֶת־גּוֹג֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה וְקָ֣רְא֔וּ גֵּ֖יא הֲמ֥וֹן גּֽוֹג׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that I will give Gog a place there – a grave in Israel – in the valley of those who pass through, east of the sea, and it will block those who would pass through, for they will bury Gog and all his horde there, and they will call it the Valley of Hamon-Gog. | Hamon-Gog: i.e. the horde of Gog. |
| Ezek 39:12 | וּקְבָרוּם֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמַ֖עַן טַהֵ֣ר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ שִׁבְעָ֖ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃ | And the house of Israel will be burying them for seven months, so as to cleanse the land. | |
| Ezek 39:13 | וְקָֽבְרוּ֙ כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לְשֵׁ֑ם י֚וֹם הִכָּ֣בְדִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And all the people of the land will do the burying, and it will be to their renown – the day when I am glorified – says the Lord, the Lord. | day when ← day of. |
| Ezek 39:14 | וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י תָמִ֤יד יַבְדִּ֙ילוּ֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים בָּאָ֔רֶץ מְקַבְּרִ֣ים אֶת־הָעֹבְרִ֗ים אֶת־הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְטַֽהֲרָ֑הּ מִקְצֵ֥ה שִׁבְעָֽה־חֳדָשִׁ֖ים יַחְקֹֽרוּ׃ | And men with an ongoing task will be selected to pass through the land, burying, with others passing through, those who remain on the face of the land, to cleanse it. And after seven months, they will investigate, |
will be selected ← they will select. Avoidance of the passive.
after ← at the end of. |
| Ezek 39:15 | וְעָבְר֤וּ הָעֹֽבְרִים֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְרָאָה֙ עֶ֣צֶם אָדָ֔ם וּבָנָ֥ה אֶצְל֖וֹ צִיּ֑וּן עַ֣ד קָבְר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ הַֽמְקַבְּרִ֔ים אֶל־גֵּ֖יא הֲמ֥וֹן גּֽוֹג׃ | and of those who pass through the land, if anyone sees a man's bone, he will build a way-mark next to it, to be there until the buriers have buried it, in the Valley of Hamon-Gog. | those who pass through ← the passers-through pass through. |
| Ezek 39:16 | וְגַ֥ם שֶׁם־עִ֛יר הֲמוֹנָ֖ה וְטִהֲר֥וּ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And also the name of the city will be Hamonah. So they will cleanse the land.» ’ | |
| Ezek 39:17 | וְאַתָּ֨ה בֶן־אָדָ֜ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה אֱמֹר֩ לְצִפּ֨וֹר כָּל־כָּנָ֜ף וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה הִקָּבְצ֤וּ וָבֹ֙אוּ֙ הֵאָסְפ֣וּ מִסָּבִ֔יב עַל־זִבְחִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י זֹבֵ֤חַ לָכֶם֙ זֶ֣בַח גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ל הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וּשְׁתִ֥יתֶם דָּֽם׃ |
And as for you, son of Adam, this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Say to the birds of every kind and to all the wild animals,
«Gather and come, And congregate round about at my sacrifice Which I am making for you – A great sacrifice on the mountains of Israel – And you will eat flesh and drink blood. |
Rev 19:17, Rev 19:18.
this is what ← thus. kind ← wing. A more poetic word in English would be feather. making ← sacrificing. |
| Ezek 39:18 | בְּשַׂ֤ר גִּבּוֹרִים֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ וְדַם־נְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ תִּשְׁתּ֑וּ אֵילִ֨ים כָּרִ֤ים וְעַתּוּדִים֙ פָּרִ֔ים מְרִיאֵ֥י בָשָׁ֖ן כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
You shall eat the flesh of warriors And drink the blood of the princes of the earth. They are all as rams and fatted lambs and goats and bulls – The fatted animals of Bashan. |
|
| Ezek 39:19 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּם־חֵ֣לֶב לְשָׂבְעָ֔ה וּשְׁתִ֥יתֶם דָּ֖ם לְשִׁכָּר֑וֹן מִזִּבְחִ֖י אֲשֶׁר־זָבַ֥חְתִּי לָכֶֽם׃ |
And you will eat fat to the full, And you will drink blood until you are drunk from my sacrifice Which I have made for you. |
to the full ← to satiety.
until you are drunk ← to drunkenness. made ← sacrificed. |
| Ezek 39:20 | וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֤ם עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִי֙ ס֣וּס וָרֶ֔כֶב גִּבּ֖וֹר וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
And you will be satisfied at my table, With horses and chariots And warriors and all kinds of men of war, Says my Lord the Lord. |
horses ... chariots ... warriors ... men ← horse ... chariot ... warrior ... man. |
| Ezek 39:21 | וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־כְּבוֹדִ֖י בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וְרָא֣וּ כָל־הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי וְאֶת־יָדִ֖י אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֥מְתִּי בָהֶֽם׃ | And I will present my glory among the Gentiles, and all the Gentiles will see my judgment which I executed, and my hand which I laid on them. | present ← give; put. |
| Ezek 39:22 | וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃ | And the house of Israel will know that I am the Lord their God from that day on. | |
| Ezek 39:23 | וְיָדְע֣וּ הַ֠גּוֹיִם כִּ֣י בַעֲוֺנָ֞ם גָּל֣וּ בֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֔י וָאַסְתִּ֥ר פָּנַ֖י מֵהֶ֑ם וָֽאֶתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַ֣ד צָרֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בַחֶ֖רֶב כֻּלָּֽם׃ | And the Gentiles will know that the house of Israel was deported for their iniquity, because they acted treacherously against me, so I hid my face from them, and I delivered them into the hands of their adversaries, and they all fell by the sword. | |
| Ezek 39:24 | כְּטֻמְאָתָ֥ם וּכְפִשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם עָשִׂ֣יתִי אֹתָ֑ם וָאַסְתִּ֥ר פָּנַ֖י מֵהֶֽם׃ ס | I dealt with them according to their uncleanness and according to their transgressions, and I hid my face from them.» ’ | |
| Ezek 39:25 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה עַתָּ֗ה אָשִׁיב֙ אֶת־*שבית **שְׁב֣וּת יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְרִֽחַמְתִּ֖י כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְקִנֵּאתִ֖י לְשֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃ | Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘Now I will reverse the captivity of Jacob, and I will have compassion on the whole house of Israel, and I will be zealous for my holy name. |
captivity: the ketiv / qeré issue is as in Jer 29:14.
this is what ← thus. my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 39:26 | וְנָשׂוּ֙ אֶת־כְּלִמָּתָ֔ם וְאֶת־כָּל־מַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָעֲלוּ־בִ֑י בְּשִׁבְתָּ֧ם עַל־אַדְמָתָ֛ם לָבֶ֖טַח וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ | And they will have borne their shame and all their treachery which they engaged in against me when they lived on their land in security, with no-one making them afraid, |
will have borne: in a colloquial form.
treachery which they engaged in ← treachery which they were treacherous with. lived ← dwelt. |
| Ezek 39:27 | בְּשׁוֹבְבִ֤י אוֹתָם֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְקִבַּצְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔ם מֵֽאַרְצ֖וֹת אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְנִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי בָ֔ם לְעֵינֵ֖י הַגּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים׃ | when I bring them back from the various peoples, and I gather them from the countries of their enemies, and I am sanctified among them in the sight of many nations. | |
| Ezek 39:28 | וְיָדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם בְּהַגְלוֹתִ֤י אֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְכִנַּסְתִּ֖ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־אוֹתִ֥יר ע֛וֹד מֵהֶ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | And they will know that I am the Lord their God, who deported them to the Gentiles. And I will collect them on their land; I will not leave any of them there any longer. | who deported ← in my deporting. |
| Ezek 39:29 | וְלֹֽא־אַסְתִּ֥יר ע֛וֹד פָּנַ֖י מֵהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁפַ֤כְתִּי אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | And I will no longer hide my face from them when I have poured out my spirit on the house of Israel, says the Lord, the Lord.’ ” | |
| Ezek 40:1 | בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְחָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנָ֣ה לְ֠גָלוּתֵנוּ בְּרֹ֨אשׁ הַשָּׁנָ֜ה בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ בְּאַרְבַּ֤ע עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֻכְּתָ֖ה הָעִ֑יר בְּעֶ֣צֶם ׀ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עָלַי֙ יַד־יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתִ֖י שָֽׁמָּה׃ | In the twenty-fifth year of our deportation, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city was attacked, on this very day, the hand of the Lord was on me, and he brought me there. | |
| Ezek 40:2 | בְּמַרְא֣וֹת אֱלֹהִ֔ים הֱבִיאַ֖נִי אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְנִיחֵ֗נִי אֶל־הַ֤ר גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְעָלָ֥יו כְּמִבְנֵה־עִ֖יר מִנֶּֽגֶב׃ | In the visions of God, he brought me to the land of Israel, and he set me down on a very high mountain, on which was a kind of structure of a city on the south side. | |
| Ezek 40:3 | וַיָּבֵ֨יא אוֹתִ֜י שָׁ֗מָּה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ מַרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וּפְתִיל־פִּשְׁתִּ֥ים בְּיָד֖וֹ וּקְנֵ֣ה הַמִּדָּ֑ה וְה֥וּא עֹמֵ֖ד בַּשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And he brought me there, and what I saw was a man. His appearance was like the appearance of copper, and he had a cord of flax in his hand, and a measuring rod, and he stood at the gate. |
what I saw was ← behold.
a measuring rod ← a cane of the measuring, i.e. the measuring rod. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ezek 40:4 | וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר אֵלַ֜י הָאִ֗ישׁ בֶּן־אָדָ֡ם רְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶיךָ֩ וּבְאָזְנֶ֨יךָ שְּׁמָ֜ע וְשִׂ֣ים לִבְּךָ֗ לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִי֙ מַרְאֶ֣ה אוֹתָ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לְמַ֥עַן הַרְאוֹתְכָ֖ה הֻבָ֣אתָה הֵ֑נָּה הַגֵּ֛ד אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the man said to me, “Son of Adam, see with your eyes, and hear with your ears, and take note of everything I show you, for it is in order to show you that you have been brought here. Tell the house of Israel everything that you see.” | take note ← place your heart. |
| Ezek 40:5 | וְהִנֵּ֥ה חוֹמָ֛ה מִח֥וּץ לַבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב וּבְיַ֨ד הָאִ֜ישׁ קְנֵ֣ה הַמִּדָּ֗ה שֵׁשׁ־אַמּ֤וֹת בָּֽאַמָּה֙ וָטֹ֔פַח וַיָּ֜מָד אֶת־רֹ֤חַב הַבִּנְיָן֙ קָנֶ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד וְקוֹמָ֖ה קָנֶ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | And what I saw was a wall outside the house all around, and in the man's hand was the measuring rod, six cubits long as determined by forearm and handbreadth. And he measured the width of the structure: it was one rod-length, and its height was one rod-length. |
what I saw was ← behold.
the house: i.e. the temple. all around ← around, around. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. structure ← building, i.e., here, wall. |
| Ezek 40:6 | וַיָּב֗וֹא אֶל־שַׁ֙עַר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר פָּנָיו֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֔ימָה וַיַּ֖עַל *במעלותו **בְּמַֽעֲלוֹתָ֑יו וַיָּ֣מָד ׀ אֶת־סַ֣ף הַשַּׁ֗עַר קָנֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ רֹ֔חַב וְאֵת֙ סַ֣ף אֶחָ֔ד קָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד רֹֽחַב׃ | And he went to the gate which faces east, and he went up its steps, and he measured the threshold of the gate: its width was one rod-length. And he measured the other threshold: one rod-length in width. |
steps: the ketiv is a variant spelling of the qeré.
faces east ← its face (is) the way of eastward. the other ← one. |
| Ezek 40:7 | וְהַתָּ֗א קָנֶ֨ה אֶחָ֥ד אֹ֙רֶךְ֙ וְקָנֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ רֹ֔חַב וּבֵ֥ין הַתָּאִ֖ים חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֑וֹת וְסַ֣ף הַ֠שַּׁעַר מֵאֵ֨צֶל אוּלָ֥ם הַשַּׁ֛עַר מֵֽהַבַּ֖יִת קָנֶ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | As for the side-room, its length was one rod-length, and its width was one rod-length, and the distance between the side-rooms was five cubits. And the threshold of the gate to the portico at the gate in front of the house was one rod-length long. |
to the portico ← from next to the portico.
in front of the house ← from the house, i.e. temple. |
| Ezek 40:8 | וַיָּ֜מָד אֶת־אֻלָ֥ם הַשַּׁ֛עַר מֵהַבַּ֖יִת קָנֶ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | Then he measured the portico at the gate in front of the house: it was one rod-length. | in front of the house ← from the house, i.e. temple. |
| Ezek 40:9 | וַיָּ֜מָד אֶת־אֻלָ֤ם הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה אַמּ֔וֹת *ואילו **וְאֵילָ֖יו שְׁתַּ֣יִם אַמּ֑וֹת וְאֻלָ֥ם הַשַּׁ֖עַר מֵהַבָּֽיִת׃ | Then he measured the portico at the gate: it was eight cubits. And its {Q: turrets} [K: turret] measured two cubits. And the portico at the gate was in front of the house. |
turrets (qeré): as [CB]. AV differs somewhat (posts). [BDB]= projecting pillars, pilasters.
in front of the house ← from the house, i.e. temple. |
| Ezek 40:10 | וְתָאֵ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֗ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה מִפֹּה֙ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה מִפֹּ֔ה מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּ֑ם וּמִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֛ת לָאֵילִ֖ם מִפֹּ֥ה וּמִפּֽוֹ׃ | And the side-rooms of the gate on the east were three in number on one side and three in number on the other side. All three of them were of the same size, and the turrets on each side were of one size. |
on the east ← the way of the east.
on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here. the same ← one. on each side ← from here and from here. |
| Ezek 40:11 | וַיָּ֛מָד אֶת־רֹ֥חַב פֶּֽתַח־הַשַּׁ֖עַר עֶ֣שֶׂר אַמּ֑וֹת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַשַּׁ֔עַר שְׁל֥וֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה אַמּֽוֹת׃ | Then he measured the width of the door to the gate: it was ten cubits. The length of the gate was thirteen cubits. | |
| Ezek 40:12 | וּגְב֞וּל לִפְנֵ֤י הַתָּאוֹת֙ אַמָּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְאַמָּה־אַחַ֥ת גְּב֖וּל מִפֹּ֑ה וְהַתָּ֕א שֵׁשׁ־אַמּ֣וֹת מִפּ֔וֹ וְשֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת מִפּֽוֹ׃ | And the gap in front of the side-rooms was one cubit, and there was a gap of one cubit to the side. And the side-room itself measured six cubits by six cubits. |
to the side ← from here.
measured six cubits by six cubits ← (was) six cubits from here and six cubits from here. |
| Ezek 40:13 | וַיָּ֣מָד אֶת־הַשַּׁ֗עַר מִגַּ֤ג הַתָּא֙ לְגַגּ֔וֹ רֹ֕חַב עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְחָמֵ֖שׁ אַמּ֑וֹת פֶּ֖תַח נֶ֥גֶד פָּֽתַח׃ | Then he measured the gate from the roof of a side-room to another's roof: the width was twenty-five cubits from door to door. |
to another's roof ← to its roof. The reference is not clear (the gate's roof? another side-room's roof?).
from door to door ← entrance against entrance. |
| Ezek 40:14 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־אֵילִ֖ים שִׁשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וְאֶל־אֵיל֙ הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר הַשַּׁ֖עַר סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | Then he measured the turrets: they were sixty cubits, this being to a turret in the courtyard, all around the gate. |
measured ← did.
this being ← and. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:15 | וְעַ֗ל פְּנֵי֙ הַשַּׁ֣עַר *היאתון **הָֽאִית֔וֹן עַל־לִפְנֵ֕י אֻלָ֥ם הַשַּׁ֖עַר הַפְּנִימִ֑י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And from the front of the gate of the entrance to the front of the portico of the inner gate it was fifty cubits. | entrance: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Ezek 40:16 | וְחַלֹּנ֣וֹת אֲטֻמ֣וֹת אֶֽל־הַתָּאִ֡ים וְאֶל֩ אֵלֵיהֵ֨מָה לִפְנִ֤ימָה לַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֔יב וְכֵ֖ן לָאֵֽלַמּ֑וֹת וְחַלּוֹנ֞וֹת סָבִ֤יב ׀ סָבִיב֙ לִפְנִ֔ימָה וְאֶל־אַ֖יִל תִּמֹרִֽים׃ | And the side-rooms and their turrets had shuttered windows on the sides inside the gate all around, and similarly the porticos. These were the windows all around on the inside. And each turret had palm tree motifs. |
shuttered: [CB]= latticed. AV differs somewhat (narrow).
all around (2x) ← around, around. these were ← and. |
| Ezek 40:17 | וַיְבִיאֵ֗נִי אֶל־הֶֽחָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה לְשָׁכוֹת֙ וְרִֽצְפָ֔ה עָשׂ֥וּי לֶחָצֵ֖ר סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים לְשָׁכ֖וֹת אֶל־הָרִֽצְפָֽה׃ | Then he brought me to the outer court, and what I saw was annexes and a tiled floor, made for the court all around. There were thirty annexes on the tiled floor. |
what I saw was ← behold.
annexes (2x): or offices. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:18 | וְהָרִֽצְפָה֙ אֶל־כֶּ֣תֶף הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לְעֻמַּ֖ת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים הָרִֽצְפָ֖ה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָֽה׃ | And the tiled floor was to the side of the gates. All along the length of the gates was the lower tiled floor. |
side ← shoulder.
all along ← in contiguity of. |
| Ezek 40:19 | וַיָּ֣מָד רֹ֡חַב מִלִּפְנֵי֩ הַשַּׁ֨עַר הַתַּחְתּ֜וֹנָה לִפְנֵ֨י הֶחָצֵ֧ר הַפְּנִימִ֛י מִח֖וּץ מֵאָ֣ה אַמָּ֑ה הַקָּדִ֖ים וְהַצָּפֽוֹן׃ | And he measured the width from in front of the lower gate to the front of the inner court on the outside. It was one hundred cubits going east and going north. | |
| Ezek 40:20 | וְהַשַּׁ֗עַר אֲשֶׁ֤ר פָּנָיו֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן לֶחָצֵ֖ר הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֑ה מָדַ֥ד אָרְכּ֖וֹ וְרָחְבּֽוֹ׃ | And he measured the length and width of the gate of the outer court which faces north. | which faces north ← its face (is) the way of northward. |
| Ezek 40:21 | *ותאו **וְתָאָ֗יו שְׁלוֹשָׁ֤ה מִפּוֹ֙ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה מִפּ֔וֹ *ואילו **וְאֵילָ֤יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּיו֙ הָיָ֔ה כְּמִדַּ֖ת הַשַּׁ֣עַר הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אָרְכּ֔וֹ וְרֹ֕חַב חָמֵ֥שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים בָּאַמָּֽה׃ | And the side-rooms to it were three on one side and three on the other side, and its turrets and porticos were according to the measurements of the first gate. Its length was fifty cubits, and its width was twenty-five cubits. |
In all textual issues, the ketiv has a singular noun, the qeré plural. But the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here. measurements ← measurement. |
| Ezek 40:22 | *וחלונו **וְחַלּוֹנָ֤יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּיו֙ *ותמרו **וְתִ֣מֹרָ֔יו כְּמִדַּ֣ת הַשַּׁ֔עַר אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּנָ֖יו דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֑ים וּבְמַעֲל֥וֹת שֶׁ֙בַע֙ יַֽעֲלוּ־ב֔וֹ *ואילמו **וְאֵֽילַמָּ֖יו לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And its windows and its porticos and its palm tree motifs were according to the measurements of the gate which faces east. And one ascends to it by seven steps, and its porticos were in front of them. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
measurements ← measurement. faces east: as in Ezek 40:6. one ascends ← they ascend. Impersonal. |
| Ezek 40:23 | וְשַׁ֙עַר֙ לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔י נֶ֣גֶד הַשַּׁ֔עַר לַצָּפ֖וֹן וְלַקָּדִ֑ים וַיָּ֧מָד מִשַּׁ֛עַר אֶל־שַׁ֖עַר מֵאָ֥ה אַמָּֽה׃ | And the gate of the inner court was opposite the gate to the north and to the east. And he measured from gate to gate: one hundred cubits. | |
| Ezek 40:24 | וַיּוֹלִכֵ֙נִי֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֔וֹם וְהִנֵּה־שַׁ֖עַר דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֑וֹם וּמָדַ֤ד *אילו **אֵילָיו֙ *ואילמו **וְאֵ֣ילַמָּ֔יו כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then he led me to the south, and what I saw was the gate to the south, and he measured its turrets and its porticos, and they were as the previous measurements. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
to the south ← the way of the south. what I saw was ← behold. the previous ← these. |
| Ezek 40:25 | וְחַלּוֹנִ֨ים ל֤וֹ *ולאילמו **וּלְאֵֽילַמָּיו֙ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֔יב כְּהַחֲלֹּנ֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְרֹ֕חַב חָמֵ֥שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And it had windows, as did its porticos all around like the previous windows. The length was fifty cubits and the width was twenty-five cubits. |
The textual issue is as in Ezek 40:21.
all around ← around, around. previous ← these. |
| Ezek 40:26 | וּמַעֲל֤וֹת שִׁבְעָה֙ *עלותו **עֹֽלוֹתָ֔יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּ֖יו לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְתִמֹרִ֣ים ל֗וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֛וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד מִפּ֖וֹ אֶל־*אילו **אֵילָֽיו׃ | And there were seven steps in its flight of steps, and its portico was in front of them, and its palm tree motifs were the same on one side as on the other side, on its turrets. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
the same on one side as on the other side ← one from here and one from here. |
| Ezek 40:27 | וְשַׁ֛עַר לֶחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִ֖י דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֑וֹם וַיָּ֨מָד מִשַּׁ֧עַר אֶל־הַשַּׁ֛עַר דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַדָּר֖וֹם מֵאָ֥ה אַמּֽוֹת׃ | And as for the gate to the inner court to the south, he measured from gate to gate in the south, and it was one hundred cubits. | the south (2x) ← the way of the south. |
| Ezek 40:28 | וַיְבִיאֵ֛נִי אֶל־חָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִ֖י בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַדָּר֑וֹם וַיָּ֙מָד֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁ֣עַר הַדָּר֔וֹם כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then he brought me to the inner court at the south gate, and he measured the south gate which had the same measurements. | the same measurements ← as these measurements. |
| Ezek 40:29 | *ותאו **וְתָאָ֞יו *ואילו **וְאֵילָ֤יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּיו֙ כַּמִּדּ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְחַלּוֹנ֥וֹת ל֛וֹ *ולאלמו **וּלְאֵלַמָּ֖יו סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְרֹ֕חַב עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְחָמֵ֖שׁ אַמּֽוֹת׃ | And its side-rooms and its turrets and its porticos had the same measurements as previously, and it had windows, as did its porticos all around. It was fifty cubits in length, and its width was twenty-five cubits. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
had the same measurements ← (were) as these measurements. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:30 | וְאֵֽלַמּ֖וֹת סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב אֹ֗רֶךְ חָמֵ֤שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֖חַב חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּֽוֹת׃ | And its porticos all around were twenty-five cubits in length, and their width was five cubits. | all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:31 | וְאֵלַמָּ֗ו אֶל־חָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣צוֹנָ֔ה וְתִמֹרִ֖ים אֶל־*אילו **אֵילָ֑יו וּמַעֲל֥וֹת שְׁמוֹנֶ֖ה *מעלו **מַעֲלָֽיו׃ | And its porticos were facing the outer court, and its turrets had palm tree motifs, and there were eight steps to its staircase. |
The textual issues are as in Ezek 40:21. The word for porticos is as in the ketiv elsewhere, with no qeré here.
facing ← to; towards. |
| Ezek 40:32 | וַיְבִיאֵ֛נִי אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִ֖י דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֑ים וַיָּ֣מָד אֶת־הַשַּׁ֔עַר כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then he brought me to the inner court, to the east, and he measured the gate. It had the same measurements as the previous ones. |
the east ← the way of the east.
the same measurements as the previous ones ← as these measurements. |
| Ezek 40:33 | *ותאו **וְתָאָ֞יו *ואלו **וְאֵלָ֤יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּיו֙ כַּמִּדּ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְחַלּוֹנ֥וֹת ל֛וֹ *ולאלמו **וּלְאֵלַמָּ֖יו סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב אֹ֚רֶךְ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֕חַב חָמֵ֥שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And its side-rooms and its turrets and its porticos had the same measurements as the previous ones, and it had windows, as did its porticos all around. Its length was fifty cubits, and its width was twenty-five cubits. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
the same measurements ← as these measurements. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:34 | *ואלמו **וְאֵלַמָּ֗יו לֶֽחָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה וְתִמֹרִ֥ים אֶל־*אלו **אֵלָ֖יו מִפּ֣וֹ וּמִפּ֑וֹ וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מַעֲל֖וֹת *מעלו **מַעֲלָֽיו׃ | And its porticos were facing the outer court, and its turrets had palm tree motifs on both sides, and there were eight steps to its staircase. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
facing ← to; towards. on both sides ← from here and from here. |
| Ezek 40:35 | וַיְבִיאֵ֖נִי אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר הַצָּפ֑וֹן וּמָדַ֖ד כַּמִּדּ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | Then he brought me to the north gate, and he measured it as having the previous measurements. | the previous measurements ← as these measurements. |
| Ezek 40:36 | *תאו **תָּאָיו֙ *אלו **אֵלָ֣יו *ואלמו **וְאֵֽלַמָּ֔יו וְחַלּוֹנ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב אֹ֚רֶךְ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֕חַב חָמֵ֥שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אַמָּֽה׃ | As for its side-rooms, its turrets and its porticos and its windows all around, its length was fifty cubits, and its width was twenty-five cubits. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:37 | *ואילו **וְאֵילָ֗יו לֶֽחָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה וְתִמֹרִ֥ים אֶל־*אילו **אֵילָ֖יו מִפּ֣וֹ וּמִפּ֑וֹ וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מַעֲל֖וֹת *מעלו **מַעֲלָֽיו׃ | And its turrets were facing the outer court, and its turrets had palm tree motifs on both sides, and there were eight steps to its staircase. |
The textual issues are all as in Ezek 40:21.
facing ← to; towards. on both sides ← from here and from here. |
| Ezek 40:38 | וְלִשְׁכָּ֣ה וּפִתְחָ֔הּ בְּאֵילִ֖ים הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים שָׁ֖ם יָדִ֥יחוּ אֶת־הָעֹלָֽה׃ | And there was an annex with its entrance by the turrets at the gates. There they washed the burnt offering. | |
| Ezek 40:39 | וּבְאֻלָ֣ם הַשַּׁ֗עַר שְׁנַ֤יִם שֻׁלְחָנוֹת֙ מִפּ֔וֹ וּשְׁנַ֥יִם שֻׁלְחָנ֖וֹת מִפֹּ֑ה לִשְׁח֤וֹט אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָעוֹלָ֔ה וְהַחַטָּ֖את וְהָאָשָֽׁם׃ | And in the portico of the gate were two tables on one side and two tables on the other side, on which to slaughter the burnt offering and the sin-offering and the guilt-offering. | on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here. |
| Ezek 40:40 | וְאֶל־הַכָּתֵ֣ף מִח֗וּצָה לָעוֹלֶה֙ לְפֶ֙תַח֙ הַשַּׁ֣עַר הַצָּפ֔וֹנָה שְׁנַ֖יִם שֻׁלְחָנ֑וֹת וְאֶל־הַכָּתֵ֣ף הָאַחֶ֗רֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ לְאֻלָ֣ם הַשַּׁ֔עַר שְׁנַ֖יִם שֻׁלְחָנֽוֹת׃ | And on one side facing outside, as one goes up to the entrance of the northern gate, were two tables, and on the other side which belongs to the portico of the gate were two tables. | side (2x) ← shoulder. |
| Ezek 40:41 | אַרְבָּעָ֨ה שֻׁלְחָנ֜וֹת מִפֹּ֗ה וְאַרְבָּעָ֧ה שֻׁלְחָנ֛וֹת מִפֹּ֖ה לְכֶ֣תֶף הַשָּׁ֑עַר שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנ֖וֹת אֲלֵיהֶ֥ם יִשְׁחָֽטוּ׃ | There were four tables on one side and four tables on the other side, to the sides of the gate – eight tables on which they did the slaughtering. |
on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here.
sides ← shoulder (singular). |
| Ezek 40:42 | וְאַרְבָּעָה֩ שֻׁלְחָנ֨וֹת לָעוֹלָ֜ה אַבְנֵ֣י גָזִ֗ית אֹרֶךְ֩ אַמָּ֨ה אַחַ֤ת וָחֵ֙צִי֙ וְרֹ֨חַב אַמָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ וָחֵ֔צִי וְגֹ֖בַהּ אַמָּ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם וְיַנִּ֤יחוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחֲט֧וּ אֶת־הָעוֹלָ֛ה בָּ֖ם וְהַזָּֽבַח׃ | And four tables for the burnt offering were made of hewn stone. The length was one and a half cubits, and the width was one and a half cubits, and the height was one cubit. They placed on them the utensils with which they slaughtered the burnt offering and the sacrifice. | |
| Ezek 40:43 | וְהַֽשְׁפַתַּ֗יִם טֹ֧פַח אֶחָ֛ד מוּכָנִ֥ים בַּבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב וְאֶל־הַשֻּׁלְחָנ֖וֹת בְּשַׂ֥ר הַקָּרְבָֽן׃ | And the hooks were one handbreadth wide, held up in their slots all around. And on the tables was the flesh of the oblation. |
hooks: as [BDB], AV. [CB]= ranges. [AnLx]= folds for cattle, or cooking vessels.
in their slots ← in the receptacle / house. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 40:44 | וּמִחוּצָה֩ לַשַּׁ֨עַר הַפְּנִימִ֜י לִֽשְׁכ֣וֹת שָׁרִ֗ים בֶּחָצֵ֤ר הַפְּנִימִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֗ר אֶל־כֶּ֙תֶף֙ שַׁ֣עַר הַצָּפ֔וֹן וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֑וֹם אֶחָ֗ד אֶל־כֶּ֙תֶף֙ שַׁ֣עַר הַקָּדִ֔ים פְּנֵ֖י דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַצָּפֹֽן׃ | And outside the inner gate were the annexes for the singers in the inner court, which was at the side of the north gate, and they faced south, with one to the side of the eastern gate facing north. |
side (2x) ← shoulder.
faced south ← (were) the way of the south. facing north ← (being) the way of the north. |
| Ezek 40:45 | וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלָ֑י זֹ֣ה הַלִּשְׁכָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר פָּנֶ֙יהָ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֔וֹם לַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים שֹׁמְרֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And he said to me, “This is the annex which faces south for the priests who keep guard of the house. | faces south ← (is) the way of the south. |
| Ezek 40:46 | וְהַלִּשְׁכָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר פָּנֶ֙יהָ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן לַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים שֹׁמְרֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ הֵ֣מָּה בְנֵֽי־צָד֗וֹק הַקְּרֵבִ֧ים מִבְּנֵֽי־לֵוִ֛י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לְשָׁרְתֽוֹ׃ | And the annex which faces north is for the priests who keep guard of the altar. They are the sons of Zadok, descended from the sons of Levi, who approach the Lord, to serve him.” | faces north ← (is) the way of the north. |
| Ezek 40:47 | וַיָּ֨מָד אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֜ר אֹ֣רֶךְ ׀ מֵאָ֣ה אַמָּ֗ה וְרֹ֛חַב מֵאָ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה מְרֻבָּ֑עַת וְהַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And he measured the courtyard. Its length was one hundred cubits, and its width was one hundred cubits; it was square. And the altar was in front of the house. | |
| Ezek 40:48 | וַיְבִאֵנִי֮ אֶל־אֻלָ֣ם הַבַּיִת֒ וַיָּ֙מָד֙ אֵ֣ל אֻלָ֔ם חָמֵ֤שׁ אַמּוֹת֙ מִפֹּ֔ה וְחָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת מִפֹּ֑ה וְרֹ֣חַב הַשַּׁ֔עַר שָׁלֹ֤שׁ אַמּוֹת֙ מִפּ֔וֹ וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת מִפּֽוֹ׃ | Then he brought me to the portico of the house, and he measured the turrets of the portico: five cubits on one side and five cubits on the other side. And the width of the gate was three cubits on one side and three cubits on the other side. |
turrets ← turret. The defective spelling lacks an expected yod, making the word, theoretically alternatively, God.
on one side ... on the other side (2x) ← from here ... from here. |
| Ezek 40:49 | אֹ֣רֶךְ הָאֻלָ֞ם עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּ֗ה וְרֹ֙חַב֙ עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אַמָּ֔ה וּבַֽמַּעֲל֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲל֖וּ אֵלָ֑יו וְעַמֻּדִים֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֵילִ֔ים אֶחָ֥ד מִפֹּ֖ה וְאֶחָ֥ד מִפֹּֽה׃ | The length of the portico was twenty cubits, and the width was eleven cubits, and at the steps by which one goes up to it there were columns by the turrets on each side. |
one goes ← they go.
on each side ← one from here and one from here. |
| Ezek 41:1 | וַיְבִיאֵ֖נִי אֶל־הַהֵיכָ֑ל וַיָּ֣מָד אֶת־הָאֵילִ֗ים שֵׁשׁ־אַמּ֨וֹת רֹ֧חַב־מִפּ֛וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־אַמּֽוֹת־רֹ֥חַב מִפּ֖וֹ רֹ֥חַב הָאֹֽהֶל׃ | Then he brought me to the temple, and he measured the turrets as being six cubits in width on one side and six cubits in width on the other side, which was the width of the tent. |
temple: or palace, i.e. the main building.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here. |
| Ezek 41:2 | וְרֹ֣חַב הַפֶּתַח֮ עֶ֣שֶׂר אַמּוֹת֒ וְכִתְפ֣וֹת הַפֶּ֔תַח חָמֵ֤שׁ אַמּוֹת֙ מִפּ֔וֹ וְחָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת מִפּ֑וֹ וַיָּ֤מָד אָרְכּוֹ֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים אַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֖חַב עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And the width of the entrance was ten cubits, and the sides of the entrance were five cubits on one side and five cubits on the other side. And he measured its length: it was forty cubits, and its width was twenty cubits. |
sides ← shoulders.
on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here. |
| Ezek 41:3 | וּבָ֣א לִפְנִ֔ימָה וַיָּ֥מָד אֵֽיל־הַפֶּ֖תַח שְׁתַּ֣יִם אַמּ֑וֹת וְהַפֶּ֙תַח֙ שֵׁ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת וְרֹ֥חַב הַפֶּ֖תַח שֶׁ֥בַע אַמּֽוֹת׃ | And he went inside and measured the turret of the entrance: it was two cubits high. And the entrance was six cubits high, and the width of the entrance was seven cubits. | |
| Ezek 41:4 | וַיָּ֨מָד אֶת־אָרְכּ֜וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּ֗ה וְרֹ֛חַב עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַֽהֵיכָ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י זֶ֖ה קֹ֥דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And he measured its length: it was twenty cubits. And its width was twenty cubits in front of the temple. Then he said to me, “This is the holy of holies.” | |
| Ezek 41:5 | וַיָּ֥מָד קִֽיר־הַבַּ֖יִת שֵׁ֣שׁ אַמּ֑וֹת וְרֹ֣חַב הַצֵּלָע֩ אַרְבַּ֨ע אַמּ֜וֹת סָבִ֧יב ׀ סָבִ֛יב לַבַּ֖יִת סָבִֽיב׃ | Then he measured the wall of the house: it was six cubits. And the width of the side-chamber was four cubits all around the house. |
side-chamber ← rib, but also a side-room. We distinguish the word from the side-rooms of Ezek 40:7 and the annexes of Ezek 40:17 by our use of chamber.
all around ← around, around ... around. |
| Ezek 41:6 | וְהַצְּלָעוֹת֩ צֵלָ֨ע אֶל־צֵלָ֜ע שָׁל֧וֹשׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים פְּעָמִ֗ים וּ֠בָאוֹת בַּקִּ֨יר אֲשֶׁר־לַבַּ֧יִת לַצְּלָע֛וֹת סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִ֖יב לִהְי֣וֹת אֲחוּזִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־יִהְי֥וּ אֲחוּזִ֖ים בְּקִ֥יר הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And the side-chambers were arranged as side-chamber on side-chamber in three storeys, repeated thirty times. And they were recessed in the wall which was for the house, for the side-chambers all around to be as if gripped in, but they were not actually gripped in by the wall of the house. |
were recessed in ← went into.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 41:7 | וְֽרָחֲבָ֡ה וְֽנָסְבָה֩ לְמַ֨עְלָה לְמַ֜עְלָה לַצְּלָע֗וֹת כִּ֣י מֽוּסַב־הַ֠בַּיִת לְמַ֨עְלָה לְמַ֜עְלָה סָבִ֤יב ׀ סָבִיב֙ לַבַּ֔יִת עַל־כֵּ֥ן רֹֽחַב־לַבַּ֖יִת לְמָ֑עְלָה וְכֵ֧ן הַתַּחְתּוֹנָ֛ה יַעֲלֶ֥ה עַל־הָעֶלְיוֹנָ֖ה לַתִּיכוֹנָֽה׃ | And the edifice of the side-chambers became wider and curved as it went up and up, for the edifice was arc-shaped as it went up and up and round and round the house, so that there was more width higher up, as one goes up from the ground floor to the top storey via the middle level. | arc-shaped: [AnLx], [BDB] regards the word as a noun, but we take it as hophal participle, turning / changing, from which arc-shaped, applying to both sides. Perhaps concave (on the outside), not just trapezoidal. |
| Ezek 41:8 | וְרָאִ֧יתִי לַבַּ֛יִת גֹּ֖בַהּ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב *מיסדות **מוּסְד֤וֹת הַצְּלָעוֹת֙ מְל֣וֹ הַקָּנֶ֔ה שֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת אַצִּֽילָה׃ | And I saw the height of the house all around. The foundations of the side-chambers were, as measured by a full rod, six cubits to the join. |
foundations: the ketiv qeré issue is a yod / vav issue, but the meanings are the same.
all around ← around, around. to the join: perhaps ↴ |
| Ezek 41:9 | רֹ֣חַב הַקִּ֧יר אֲֽשֶׁר־לַצֵּלָ֛ע אֶל־הַח֖וּץ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֑וֹת וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר מֻנָּ֔ח בֵּ֥ית צְלָע֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַבָּֽיִת׃ | The thickness of the wall which was adjoined to the side-chamber on the outside was five cubits. And the remaining part of the structure of the side-chambers was what was inside the wall. | ↳ part of the architecture, or denoting a special cubit from the wrist “joint” to the armpit. AV differs (great). |
| Ezek 41:10 | וּבֵ֨ין הַלְּשָׁכ֜וֹת רֹ֣חַב עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אַמָּ֛ה סָבִ֥יב לַבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | And between the annexes was a gap of twenty cubits all around the structure. |
gap ← width.
all around ← around ... around, around. structure ← house. |
| Ezek 41:11 | וּפֶ֤תַח הַצֵּלָע֙ לַמֻּנָּ֔ח פֶּ֤תַח אֶחָד֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן וּפֶ֥תַח אֶחָ֖ד לַדָּר֑וֹם וְרֹ֙חַב֙ מְק֣וֹם הַמֻּנָּ֔ח חָמֵ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | As for the entrance of the side-chamber to the remaining part, there was one entrance to the north and one entrance to the south. And the width of the remaining part was five cubits all around. |
to the north ... to the south ← the way of the north ... to the south.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 41:12 | וְהַבִּנְיָ֡ן אֲשֶׁר֩ אֶל־פְּנֵ֨י הַגִּזְרָ֜ה פְּאַ֣ת דֶּֽרֶךְ־הַיָּ֗ם רֹ֚חַב שִׁבְעִ֣ים אַמָּ֔ה וְקִ֧יר הַבִּנְיָ֛ן חָֽמֵשׁ־אַמּ֥וֹת רֹ֖חַב סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב וְאָרְכּ֖וֹ תִּשְׁעִ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And as for the building which was beside the passageway in the western corner, its width was seventy cubits, and the wall of the building was five cubits thick all round, and its length was ninety cubits. |
passageway: ≈ as [BDB] quoting A. B. Davidson (yard). AV differs (separate place).
western corner ← corner of the way of the sea. thick ← wide. |
| Ezek 41:13 | וּמָדַ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת אֹ֖רֶךְ מֵאָ֣ה אַמָּ֑ה וְהַגִּזְרָ֤ה וְהַבִּנְיָה֙ וְקִ֣ירוֹתֶ֔יהָ אֹ֖רֶךְ מֵאָ֥ה אַמָּֽה׃ | And he measured the house. Its length was one hundred cubits, and the passageway and the building and its walls were one hundred cubits in length. | passageway: see Ezek 41:12. |
| Ezek 41:14 | וְרֹחַב֩ פְּנֵ֨י הַבַּ֧יִת וְהַגִּזְרָ֛ה לַקָּדִ֖ים מֵאָ֥ה אַמָּֽה׃ | And the width of the sides of the house and the passageway to the east was one hundred cubits. |
sides ← faces.
passageway: see Ezek 41:12. |
| Ezek 41:15 | וּמָדַ֣ד אֹֽרֶךְ־הַ֠בִּנְיָן אֶל־פְּנֵ֨י הַגִּזְרָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־אַחֲרֶ֧יהָ *ואתוקיהא **וְאַתִּיקֶ֛יהָא מִפּ֥וֹ וּמִפּ֖וֹ מֵאָ֣ה אַמָּ֑ה וְהַֽהֵיכָל֙ הַפְּנִימִ֔י וְאֻֽלַמֵּ֖י הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | Then he measured the length of the building beside the passageway which was behind it, and its colonnade on each side. It was one hundred cubits, and there was an inner temple, and there were the porticos of the court. |
its colonnade: the ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, but the meanings are the same.
passageway: see Ezek 41:12. Perhaps its length is referred to here. on each side ← from here and from here. an inner temple ← the inner temple. |
| Ezek 41:16 | הַסִּפִּ֡ים וְהַחַלּוֹנִ֣ים הָ֠אֲטֻמוֹת וְהָאַתִּיקִ֤ים ׀ סָבִיב֙ לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּ֔ם נֶ֧גֶד הַסַּ֛ף שְׂחִ֥יף עֵ֖ץ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֑יב וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עַד־הַֽחַלֹּנ֔וֹת וְהַֽחַלֹּנ֖וֹת מְכֻסּֽוֹת׃ | And there were thresholds and shuttered windows and interior colonnades, all three of them going round about, opposite the main threshold. There was panelling in wood all around from the ground to the windows – but the windows were excepted – |
all around ← around, around.
excepted ← covered, pardoned (for not being panelled). AV differs (covered). |
| Ezek 41:17 | עַל־מֵעַ֣ל הַפֶּ֡תַח וְעַד־הַבַּיִת֩ הַפְּנִימִ֨י וְלַח֜וּץ וְאֶל־כָּל־הַקִּ֨יר סָבִ֧יב ׀ סָבִ֛יב בַּפְּנִימִ֥י וּבַחִיצ֖וֹן מִדּֽוֹת׃ | to above the entrance, and up to the inner house, and on the outside, and on every wall all around, on the inside and on the outside, according to their measurements. | all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 41:18 | וְעָשׂ֥וּי כְּרוּבִ֖ים וְתִֽמֹרִ֑ים וְתִֽמֹרָה֙ בֵּין־כְּר֣וּב לִכְר֔וּב וּשְׁנַ֥יִם פָּנִ֖ים לַכְּרֽוּב׃ | And it was fashioned with cherubim and palm tree motifs, and there was a palm tree between the cherubim, and each cherub had two faces. | between the cherubim ← between cherub and cherub. |
| Ezek 41:19 | וּפְנֵ֨י אָדָ֤ם אֶל־הַתִּֽמֹרָה֙ מִפּ֔וֹ וּפְנֵֽי־כְפִ֥יר אֶל־הַתִּֽמֹרָ֖ה מִפּ֑וֹ עָשׂ֥וּי אֶל־כָּל־הַבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | So there was the face of a man facing a palm tree on one side, and the face of a lion cub facing a palm tree on the other side. It was fashioned like this on the whole house all around. |
on one side ... on the other side ← from here ... from here.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 41:20 | מֵהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עַד־מֵעַ֣ל הַפֶּ֔תַח הַכְּרוּבִ֥ים וְהַתִּֽמֹרִ֖ים עֲשׂוּיִ֑ם וְקִ֖יר הַׄהֵׄיׄכָֽׄלׄ׃ | From the ground to above the entrance, cherubim and palm trees were fashioned, including on the wall of the temple. |
temple: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31. [CB] says this indicates that the word was added by mistake.
including ← and. |
| Ezek 41:21 | הַֽהֵיכָ֖ל מְזוּזַ֣ת רְבֻעָ֑ה וּפְנֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה כַּמַּרְאֶֽה׃ | As for the temple, its doorpost was square, and as for the façade of the sanctuary, its appearance was similar. | its appearance was similar ← the appearance (was) as the appearance. |
| Ezek 41:22 | הַמִּזְבֵּ֡חַ עֵ֣ץ שָׁלוֹשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת גָּבֹ֜הַּ וְאָרְכּ֣וֹ שְׁתַּֽיִם־אַמּ֗וֹת וּמִקְצֹֽעוֹתָיו֙ ל֔וֹ וְאָרְכּ֥וֹ וְקִֽירֹתָ֖יו עֵ֑ץ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלַ֔י זֶ֚ה הַשֻּׁלְחָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And there was an altar of wood, whose height was three cubits and whose length was two cubits, and whose corners and length and walls were of wood. And he said to me, “This is the table which stands before the Lord.” | |
| Ezek 41:23 | וּשְׁתַּ֧יִם דְּלָת֛וֹת לַֽהֵיכָ֖ל וְלַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And there were two doors to the temple and to the sanctuary. | |
| Ezek 41:24 | וּשְׁתַּ֥יִם דְּלָת֖וֹת לַדְּלָת֑וֹת שְׁ֚תַּיִם מוּסַבּ֣וֹת דְּלָת֔וֹת שְׁ֚תַּיִם לְדֶ֣לֶת אֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּ֥י דְלָת֖וֹת לָאַחֶֽרֶת׃ | And the doors had two leaves – two swinging leaves – two to one door and two leaves to the other. |
the doors had two leaves: i.e. they were bi-fold doors.
swinging ← turning. |
| Ezek 41:25 | וַעֲשׂוּיָ֨ה אֲלֵיהֶ֜ן אֶל־דַּלְת֤וֹת הַֽהֵיכָל֙ כְּרוּבִ֣ים וְתִֽמֹרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשׂוּיִ֖ם לַקִּיר֑וֹת וְעָ֥ב עֵ֛ץ אֶל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאוּלָ֖ם מֵהַחֽוּץ׃ | And the cherubim and the palm trees were fashioned on them – on the doors of the temple – like those fashioned on the walls. And there were wooden steps in front of the portico on the outside. | steps: see 1 Ki 7:6. AV differs somewhat (thick planks). |
| Ezek 41:26 | וְחַלּוֹנִ֨ים אֲטֻמ֤וֹת וְתִֽמֹרִים֙ מִפּ֣וֹ וּמִפּ֔וֹ אֶל־כִּתְפ֖וֹת הָֽאוּלָ֑ם וְצַלְע֥וֹת הַבַּ֖יִת וְהָעֻבִּֽים׃ | And there were shuttered windows and palm tree motifs on each side, on the sides of the portico and on the sides of the house and the steps. |
on each side ← from here and from here.
sides ... sides ← shoulders ... ribs. steps: see 1 Ki 7:6. |
| Ezek 42:1 | וַיּוֹצִאֵ֗נִי אֶל־הֶֽחָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַצָּפ֑וֹן וַיְבִאֵ֣נִי אֶל־הַלִּשְׁכָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֶ֧גֶד הַגִּזְרָ֛ה וַאֲשֶֽׁר־נֶ֥גֶד הַבִּנְיָ֖ן אֶל־הַצָּפֽוֹן׃ | Then he led me out to the outer courtyard by the avenue in the direction of the north, and he brought me to the annex which was opposite the passageway and opposite the building to the north. |
avenue ← way, road.
direction ← way, road. passageway: see Ezek 41:12. |
| Ezek 42:2 | אֶל־פְּנֵי־אֹ֙רֶךְ֙ אַמּ֣וֹת הַמֵּאָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח הַצָּפ֑וֹן וְהָרֹ֖חַב חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמּֽוֹת׃ | At the head of a length of one hundred cubits was the north entrance, and the width was fifty cubits. |
at the head of ← to the face of, facing.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ezek 42:3 | נֶ֣גֶד הָֽעֶשְׂרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔י וְנֶ֣גֶד רִֽצְפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֑ה אַתִּ֥יק אֶל־פְּנֵֽי־אַתִּ֖יק בַּשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃ | Opposite the twenty cubits of the inner court, and opposite the tiled floor of the outer court was a colonnade facing a colonnade, in three storeys. | |
| Ezek 42:4 | וְלִפְנֵ֨י הַלְּשָׁכ֜וֹת מַהֲלַךְ֩ עֶ֨שֶׂר אַמּ֥וֹת רֹ֙חַב֙ אֶל־הַפְּנִימִ֔ית דֶּ֖רֶךְ אַמָּ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּפִתְחֵיהֶ֖ם לַצָּפֽוֹן׃ | And in front of the annexes was a walkway ten cubits wide, leading to an inner way, a way one cubit wide. And their entrances were to the north. | |
| Ezek 42:5 | וְהַלְּשָׁכ֥וֹת הָעֶלְיוֹנֹ֖ת קְצֻר֑וֹת כִּֽי־יוֹכְל֨וּ אַתִּיקִ֜ים מֵהֵ֗נָה מֵֽהַתַּחְתֹּנ֛וֹת וּמֵהַתִּֽכֹנ֖וֹת בִּנְיָֽן׃ | And the upper annexes were shorter, because the colonnades took space from them, making them shorter than the lowest storey, and than the middle storey of the building. |
took space ← were consumed (hophal), or, re-pointed, consumed (qal), but in either case, a contracted form, losing an aleph, as in Ezek 28:16, Ezek 39:26.
storey (2x) ← storeys, but we take the plural as ↴ |
| Ezek 42:6 | כִּ֤י מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶן֙ עַמּוּדִ֔ים כְּעַמּוּדֵ֖י הַחֲצֵר֑וֹת עַל־כֵּ֣ן נֶאֱצַ֗ל מֵהַתַּחְתּוֹנ֛וֹת וּמֵהַתִּֽיכֹנ֖וֹת מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For they were on the third storey, and they did not have pillars like the pillars of the courtyards, which is why they were indented with respect to the lower storey rooms and the middle storey rooms rising from the ground. |
↳ referring to the many architectural items on the storey.
indented with respect to ← held back from. |
| Ezek 42:7 | וְגָדֵ֤ר אֲשֶׁר־לַחוּץ֙ לְעֻמַּ֣ת הַלְּשָׁכ֔וֹת דֶּ֛רֶךְ הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַחִֽצוֹנָ֖ה אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַלְּשָׁכ֑וֹת אָרְכּ֖וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה׃ | And there was a wall which passed outside, opposite the annexes, through the outer court in front of the annexes. Its length was fifty cubits. |
wall: or fence.
opposite: or adjoining. through ← (by) way (of). |
| Ezek 42:8 | כִּֽי־אֹ֣רֶךְ הַלְּשָׁכ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֶחָצֵ֥ר הַחִֽצוֹנָ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַהֵיכָ֖ל מֵאָ֥ה אַמָּֽה׃ | For the length of the annexes which belonged to the outer court was fifty cubits, but in contrast those in front of the temple were one hundred cubits in length. | but in contrast ← and behold. |
| Ezek 42:9 | *ומתחתה *לשכות **וּמִתַּ֖חַת **הַלְּשָׁכ֣וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה *המבוא **הַמֵּבִיא֙ מֵֽהַקָּדִ֔ים בְּבֹא֣וֹ לָהֵ֔נָּה מֵֽהֶחָצֵ֖ר הַחִצֹנָֽה׃ | And under these annexes was the entrance to the east as one comes to them from the outer court. |
under ... annexes: the ketiv associates the letters differently from the qeré, but the sense is not affected.
entrance to ← the entering from. The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, but the qeré, the bringer, is scarcely plausible. |
| Ezek 42:10 | בְּרֹ֣חַב ׀ גֶּ֣דֶר הֶחָצֵ֗ר דֶּ֧רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֛ים אֶל־פְּנֵ֧י הַגִּזְרָ֛ה וְאֶל־פְּנֵ֥י הַבִּנְיָ֖ן לְשָׁכֽוֹת׃ | And in the width of the wall of the court in the eastern direction in front of the passageway and in front of the building were annexes. |
direction ← way.
passageway: see Ezek 41:12. |
| Ezek 42:11 | וְדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלְּשָׁכ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן כְּאָרְכָּ֖ן כֵּ֣ן רָחְבָּ֑ן וְכֹל֙ מוֹצָ֣אֵיהֶ֔ן וּכְמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֖ן וּכְפִתְחֵיהֶֽן׃ | And the avenue in front of them had the same appearance as the annexes which were in the avenue to the north. They had the same length and breadth, and at all their exits, their designs and their entrances were the same. |
had the same ← (was) as.
designs ← judgments, but also modes, manners. were the same ← as ... as. |
| Ezek 42:12 | וּכְפִתְחֵ֣י הַלְּשָׁכ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַדָּר֔וֹם פֶּ֖תַח בְּרֹ֣אשׁ דָּ֑רֶךְ דֶּ֗רֶךְ בִּפְנֵי֙ הַגְּדֶ֣רֶת הֲגִינָ֔ה דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֖ים בְּבוֹאָֽן׃ | And like the entrances to the annexes which were on the southern avenue was the entrance at the head of the avenue, the avenue in front of the fence of the garden, and the avenue to the east, serving as ways in. | serving as ways in ← in their (feminine plural, referring to avenues) coming in. But the suffix could be an object, in (a person's) entering them. |
| Ezek 42:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י לִֽשְׁכ֨וֹת הַצָּפ֜וֹן לִֽשְׁכ֣וֹת הַדָּרוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַגִּזְרָה֒ הֵ֣נָּה ׀ לִֽשְׁכ֣וֹת הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֹאכְלוּ־שָׁ֧ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־קְרוֹבִ֥ים לַֽיהוָ֖ה קָדְשֵׁ֣י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים שָׁ֞ם יַנִּ֣יחוּ ׀ קָדְשֵׁ֣י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֗ים וְהַמִּנְחָה֙ וְהַחַטָּ֣את וְהָאָשָׁ֔ם כִּ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ | Then he said to me, “The annexes of the north and the annexes of the south which are in front of the passageway are the holy annexes where the priests who come close to the Lord eat holy of holies. There they deposit the holy of holies and the meal-offering and the sin-offering and the guilt-offering, for the place is holy. |
holy annexes ← annexes of holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
holy of holies (2x): see 2 Chr 31:14. |
| Ezek 42:14 | בְּבֹאָ֣ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וְלֹֽא־יֵצְא֤וּ מֵהַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֣ר הַחִיצוֹנָ֔ה וְשָׁ֞ם יַנִּ֧יחוּ בִגְדֵיהֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־יְשָׁרְת֥וּ בָהֶ֖ן כִּֽי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֑נָּה *ילבשו **וְלָבְשׁוּ֙ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְקָרְב֖וּ אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָעָֽם׃ | When the priests go in, they shall not come straight out of the sanctuary to the outer court, for it is there that they shall deposit their clothes in which they serve, for the clothes are holy. {K: They shall wear} [Q: And they wore] different clothes when they {K: approach} [Q: approached] whatever is accessible to the people.” |
the clothes ← they / those, feminine, referring to clothes, not priests.
holy ← holiness. approach (ketiv): the tense is adapted to conform to the previous issue. |
| Ezek 42:15 | וְכִלָּ֗ה אֶת־מִדּוֹת֙ הַבַּ֣יִת הַפְּנִימִ֔י וְהוֹצִיאַ֙נִי֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשַּׁ֔עַר אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּנָ֖יו דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֑ים וּמְדָד֖וֹ סָבִ֥יב ׀ סָבִֽיב׃ | When he had finished the measurements of the inner house, he brought me out through the gate which faces east, and he measured it all around. |
through ← (by) way of.
faces east ← its face the way of the east. all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 42:16 | מָדַ֛ד ר֥וּחַ הַקָּדִ֖ים בִּקְנֵ֣ה הַמִּדָּ֑ה חֲמֵשׁ־*אמות **מֵא֥וֹת קָנִ֛ים בִּקְנֵ֥ה הַמִּדָּ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ | He measured the eastern quarter with the measuring rod. It was {Q: five hundred rod-lengths} [K: five cubits of rods] by the measuring rod going around. | quarter ← wind. |
| Ezek 42:17 | מָדַ֖ד ר֣וּחַ הַצָּפ֑וֹן חֲמֵשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת קָנִ֛ים בִּקְנֵ֥ה הַמִּדָּ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ | He measured the northern quarter. It was five hundred rod-lengths by the measuring rod going around. | quarter ← wind. |
| Ezek 42:18 | אֵ֛ת ר֥וּחַ הַדָּר֖וֹם מָדָ֑ד חֲמֵשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת קָנִ֖ים בִּקְנֵ֥ה הַמִּדָּֽה׃ | He measured the southern quarter. It was five hundred rod-lengths by the measuring rod. | quarter ← wind. |
| Ezek 42:19 | סָבַ֖ב אֶל־ר֣וּחַ הַיָּ֑ם מָדַ֛ד חֲמֵשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת קָנִ֖ים בִּקְנֵ֥ה הַמִּדָּֽה׃ | He turned to the western quarter and measured five hundred rod-lengths by the measuring rod. | quarter ← wind. |
| Ezek 42:20 | לְאַרְבַּ֨ע רוּח֜וֹת מְדָד֗וֹ ח֤וֹמָה לוֹ֙ סָבִ֣יב ׀ סָבִ֔יב אֹ֚רֶךְ חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וְרֹ֖חַב חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לְחֹֽל׃ | He measured it at the four quarters. It had a wall all around. The length was five hundred rod-lengths, and the width was five hundred rod-lengths, to separate what is holy from what is profane. |
quarters ← winds.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 43:1 | וַיּוֹלִכֵ֖נִי אֶל־הַשָּׁ֑עַר שַׁ֕עַר אֲשֶׁ֥ר פֹּנֶ֖ה דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַקָּדִֽים׃ | Then he led me to the gate, the gate which faces east. | |
| Ezek 43:2 | וְהִנֵּ֗ה כְּבוֹד֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֖א מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֑ים וְקוֹל֗וֹ כְּקוֹל֙ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים וְהָאָ֖רֶץ הֵאִ֥ירָה מִכְּבֹדֽוֹ׃ | And behold, the glory of the God of Israel came from the east, and the sound of it was like the sound of fast-flowing water. And the land lit up with his glory. |
from the east ← from the way of the east.
fast-flowing ← great. lit up ← gave light, rather than was illuminated. |
| Ezek 43:3 | וּכְמַרְאֵ֨ה הַמַּרְאֶ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֗יתִי כַּמַּרְאֶ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֙יתִי֙ בְּבֹאִי֙ לְשַׁחֵ֣ת אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וּמַרְא֕וֹת כַּמַּרְאֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי אֶל־נְהַר־כְּבָ֑ר וָאֶפֹּ֖ל אֶל־פָּנָֽי׃ | And the appearance in the vision which I saw was as in the vision which I saw when I came to bring the city to ruin, and the visions were like the vision which I saw at the River Chebar. And I fell face down. |
to bring the city to ruin: i.e. to prophesy of its ruin.
face down ← on my face. |
| Ezek 43:4 | וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה בָּ֣א אֶל־הַבָּ֑יִת דֶּ֣רֶךְ שַׁ֔עַר אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּנָ֖יו דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַקָּדִֽים׃ | And the glory of the Lord came to the house through the gate which faces east. | faces east ← its face (is) the way of the east. |
| Ezek 43:5 | וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֣נִי ר֔וּחַ וַתְּבִיאֵ֕נִי אֶל־הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר הַפְּנִימִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֛ה מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה הַבָּֽיִת׃ | Then the spirit carried me and brought me to the inner courtyard, and I saw that the glory of the Lord filled the house. | I saw that ← behold. |
| Ezek 43:6 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֛ע מִדַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֖י מֵהַבָּ֑יִת וְאִ֕ישׁ הָיָ֥ה עֹמֵ֖ד אֶצְלִֽי׃ | And I heard him speaking to me from the house while a man was standing next to me. | |
| Ezek 43:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ אֶת־מְק֣וֹם כִּסְאִ֗י וְאֶת־מְקוֹם֙ כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֶשְׁכָּן־שָׁ֛ם בְּת֥וֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעוֹלָ֑ם וְלֹ֣א יְטַמְּא֣וּ ע֣וֹד בֵּֽית־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֞י הֵ֤מָּה וּמַלְכֵיהֶם֙ בִּזְנוּתָ֔ם וּבְפִגְרֵ֥י מַלְכֵיהֶ֖ם בָּמוֹתָֽם׃ | And he said to me, “Son of Adam, observe the place of my throne and the place for the soles of my feet, where I will dwell among the sons of Israel age-abidingly. And the house of Israel will no longer defile my holy name, neither they, nor their kings with their prostitution, nor by the corpses of their kings and their idolatrous raised sites, |
and their idolatrous raised sites: or, re-pointing as בְּמוֹתָם, in their death.
Rev 21:3. my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 43:8 | בְּתִתָּ֨ם סִפָּ֜ם אֶת־סִפִּ֗י וּמְזֽוּזָתָם֙ אֵ֣צֶל מְזוּזָתִ֔י וְהַקִּ֖יר בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְטִמְּא֣וּ ׀ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֗י בְּתֽוֹעֲבוֹתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֔וּ וָאֲכַ֥ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּאַפִּֽי׃ | which they did when they put their threshold with my threshold, and their doorpost alongside my doorpost, and the wall between me and them, and they defiled my holy name with their abominations which they committed, so that I made an end of them in my anger. | my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 43:9 | עַתָּ֞ה יְרַחֲק֧וּ אֶת־זְנוּתָ֛ם וּפִגְרֵ֥י מַלְכֵיהֶ֖ם מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֥י בְתוֹכָ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס | Now they will remove their prostitution and the corpses of their kings from me, and I will dwell in their midst age-abidingly. | |
| Ezek 43:10 | אַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם הַגֵּ֤ד אֶת־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת וְיִכָּלְמ֖וּ מֵעֲוֺנֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וּמָדְד֖וּ אֶת־תָּכְנִֽית׃ | You, son of Adam, describe the house to the house of Israel, so that they are put to shame because of their iniquities, and let them measure the layout. | describe ← tell. |
| Ezek 43:11 | וְאִֽם־נִכְלְמ֞וּ מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֗וּ צוּרַ֣ת הַבַּ֡יִת וּתְכוּנָת֡וֹ וּמוֹצָאָ֡יו וּמוֹבָאָ֣יו וְֽכָל־צֽוּרֹתָ֡ו וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־חֻקֹּתָיו֩ וְכָל־*צורתי **צ֨וּרֹתָ֤יו וְכָל־*תורתו **תּוֹרֹתָיו֙ הוֹדַ֣ע אוֹתָ֔ם וּכְתֹ֖ב לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְיִשְׁמְר֞וּ אֶת־כָּל־צוּרָת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתָ֖יו וְעָשׂ֥וּ אוֹתָֽם׃ | And when they are ashamed of everything they have done, make known to them the procedures of the house, and its layout within, and its exits and its entrances and all {Q: its procedures} [K: its procedure], and all its statutes and all its procedures, and all its {Q: laws} [K: law], and write them down in their sight, so that they observe all its procedures and all its statutes, and do them. |
laws (qeré) ... law (ketiv): the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
procedures (5x) ← form / forms [AnLx], but they must be observable (in the sense of keeping them) and doable (see end of verse). Collective usage where singular. |
| Ezek 43:12 | זֹ֖את תּוֹרַ֣ת הַבָּ֑יִת עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָ֠הָר כָּל־גְּבֻל֞וֹ סָבִ֤יב ׀ סָבִיב֙ קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָדָשִׁ֔ים הִנֵּה־זֹ֖את תּוֹרַ֥ת הַבָּֽיִת׃ | This is the law of the house. On the summit of the mountain, the whole of its site all around is a holy of holies. Look, this is the law of the house. |
site ← border, territory.
all around ← around, around. |
| Ezek 43:13 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה מִדּ֤וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ בָּֽאַמּ֔וֹת אַמָּ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה וָטֹ֑פַח וְחֵ֨יק הָאַמָּ֜ה וְאַמָּה־רֹ֗חַב וּגְבוּלָ֨הּ אֶל־שְׂפָתָ֤הּ סָבִיב֙ זֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ד וְזֶ֖ה גַּ֥ב הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | These are the dimensions of the altar in cubits, a cubit here being a cubit and a handbreadth. Now the plinth ledge is a cubit deep and a cubit in width, and its border at its edge all around is one span high. And that is the plinth of the altar. |
cubit (5x): about 18 inches or 45 cm.
plinth ledge ← bosom, back, vault, mound. span: see Ex 28:16. The structure forms a pyramid of square blocks, leaving ledges of one cubit. |
| Ezek 43:14 | וּמֵחֵ֨יק הָאָ֜רֶץ עַד־הָעֲזָרָ֤ה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה֙ שְׁתַּ֣יִם אַמּ֔וֹת וְרֹ֖חַב אַמָּ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּמֵהֳעֲזָרָ֨ה הַקְּטַנָּ֜ה עַד־הָעֲזָרָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֔וֹת וְרֹ֖חַב הָאַמָּֽה׃ | And from the plinth ledge at the bottom up to the mid-level ledge is two cubits, and the width is one cubit, and from the mid-level ledge up to the high-level ledge is four cubits, and the width is one cubit. |
plinth ledge: see Ezek 43:13.
bottom ← ground. mid-level ... mid-level ← lower ... small. high-level ← great. |
| Ezek 43:15 | וְהַֽהַרְאֵ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֑וֹת וּמֵהָאֲרִאֵ֣יל וּלְמַ֔עְלָה הַקְּרָנ֖וֹת אַרְבַּֽע׃ | And the hearth is four cubits higher, and from the hearth rising up, there are the four horns. |
hearth (first occurrence in verse) ← mount of God, but quite similar to the word lion of God.
hearth (second occurrence in verse) ← a lion of God, but applied to the altar. [BHS] has a ketiv qeré issue with the word as in the next verse. |
| Ezek 43:16 | *והאראיל **וְהָאֲרִיאֵ֗ל שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ בִּשְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה רֹ֑חַב רָב֕וּעַ אֶ֖ל אַרְבַּ֥עַת רְבָעָֽיו׃ | And the hearth is twelve cubits in length by twelve cubits in width. It is square in its four corners. | hearth ← lion of God. The ketiv could be taken as a variant spelling of the qeré. Compare Ezek 43:15. |
| Ezek 43:17 | וְהָעֲזָרָ֞ה אַרְבַּ֧ע עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֹ֗רֶךְ בְּאַרְבַּ֤ע עֶשְׂרֵה֙ רֹ֔חַב אֶ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣עַת רְבָעֶ֑יהָ וְהַגְּבוּל סָבִ֨יב אוֹתָ֜הּ חֲצִ֣י הָאַמָּ֗ה וְהַֽחֵיק־לָ֤הּ אַמָּה֙ סָבִ֔יב וּמַעֲלֹתֵ֖הוּ פְּנ֥וֹת קָדִֽים׃ | And the hearth ledge is fourteen cubits long by fourteen cubits wide, measured to its four corners, and the border around it is half a cubit high, and its ledge is one cubit wide all around, and its steps face east.” | its ledge ← its bosom. This is effectively a repetition of the high-level ledge of Ezek 43:14. |
| Ezek 43:18 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אֵ֚לֶּה חֻקּ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בְּי֖וֹם הֵעָֽשׂוֹת֑וֹ לְהַעֲל֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ עוֹלָ֔ה וְלִזְרֹ֥ק עָלָ֖יו דָּֽם׃ | Then he said to me, “Son of Adam, this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘These are the statutes of the altar on the day when it is made, namely to offer a burnt offering on it and to sprinkle blood on it. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 43:19 | וְנָתַתָּ֣ה אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַלְוִיִּ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ מִזֶּ֨רַע צָד֜וֹק הַקְּרֹבִ֣ים אֵלַ֗י נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה לְשָֽׁרְתֵ֑נִי פַּ֥ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר לְחַטָּֽאת׃ | And you will give the Levite priests who are of the seed of Zadok – who are near to me, says the Lord, the Lord, to serve me – a bull-calf of the oxen as a sin-offering. | |
| Ezek 43:20 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ מִדָּמ֗וֹ וְנָ֨תַתָּ֜ה עַל־אַרְבַּ֤ע קַרְנֹתָיו֙ וְאֶל־אַרְבַּע֙ פִּנּ֣וֹת הָעֲזָרָ֔ה וְאֶֽל־הַגְּב֖וּל סָבִ֑יב וְחִטֵּאתָ֥ אוֹת֖וֹ וְכִפַּרְתָּֽהוּ׃ | And you will take some of its blood and put it on the altar's four horns and on the four corners of the ledge, and on the rim all around, and you will offer it as a sin-offering and make atonement with it. | rim ← border. |
| Ezek 43:21 | וְלָ֣קַחְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת הַפָּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֑את וּשְׂרָפוֹ֙ בְּמִפְקַ֣ד הַבַּ֔יִת מִח֖וּץ לַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ׃ | And you will take the bull which is the sin-offering, and he will burn it in the appointed place of the house outside the sanctuary. | |
| Ezek 43:22 | וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּקְרִ֛יב שְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים תָּמִ֖ים לְחַטָּ֑את וְחִטְּאוּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר חִטְּא֖וּ בַּפָּֽר׃ | And on the second day, you will offer a perfect buck of the goats as a sin-offering, and the priests will make the altar a sin-offering, as they make the sin-offering with the bull. | make the altar a sin-offering: perhaps referring to sprinkling blood, so the altar itself counts as a sin-offering. |
| Ezek 43:23 | בְּכַלּוֹתְךָ֖ מֵֽחַטֵּ֑א תַּקְרִיב֙ פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֣ר תָּמִ֔ים וְאַ֥יִל מִן־הַצֹּ֖אן תָּמִֽים׃ | And when you have finished offering for sin, you shall offer a perfect bull-calf of the oxen and a perfect ram from the sheep. | |
| Ezek 43:24 | וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהִשְׁלִ֨יכוּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים עֲלֵיהֶם֙ מֶ֔לַח וְהֶעֱל֥וּ אוֹתָ֛ם עֹלָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | And you will offer them before the Lord, and the priests will throw salt over them, and they will offer them as a burnt offering to the Lord. | |
| Ezek 43:25 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה שְׂעִיר־חַטָּ֖את לַיּ֑וֹם וּפַ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר וְאַ֥יִל מִן־הַצֹּ֖אן תְּמִימִ֥ים יַעֲשֽׂוּ׃ | For seven days you shall carry out the sacrifice of the goat as a sin-offering each day, and they shall perform the sacrifice of a bull-calf of the oxen and a ram from the sheep, both being perfect. | |
| Ezek 43:26 | שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים יְכַפְּרוּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְטִֽהֲר֖וּ אֹת֑וֹ וּמִלְא֖וּ *ידו **יָדָֽיו׃ | For seven days they shall make the altar an atonement and cleanse it, and they shall inaugurate it. | inaugurate it ← fill its {K: hand} [Q: hands]. AV differs (consecrate themselves). |
| Ezek 43:27 | וִֽיכַלּ֖וּ אֶת־הַיָּמִ֑ים ס וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֜י וָהָ֗לְאָה יַעֲשׂ֨וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ אֶת־עוֹלֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ וְאֶת־שַׁלְמֵיכֶ֔ם וְרָצִ֣אתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ ס | And they will see the days through, and it will come to pass on the eighth day and further that the priests will perform your burnt offerings and your peace-offerings on the altar, and I will be pleased with you, says the Lord, the Lord.’ ” | see ... through: treating the piel verb transitively. AV differs (are expired). |
| Ezek 44:1 | וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֹתִ֗י דֶּ֣רֶךְ שַׁ֤עַר הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ הַֽחִיצ֔וֹן הַפֹּנֶ֖ה קָדִ֑ים וְה֖וּא סָגֽוּר׃ | Then he brought me back through the gate of the outer sanctuary, which faces east, and it was shut. | |
| Ezek 44:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלַ֜י יְהוָ֗ה הַשַּׁ֣עַר הַזֶּה֩ סָג֨וּר יִהְיֶ֜ה לֹ֣א יִפָּתֵ֗חַ וְאִישׁ֙ לֹא־יָ֣בֹא ב֔וֹ כִּ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣א ב֑וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה סָגֽוּר׃ | And the Lord said to me, “This gate will be shut. It shall not be opened, and no man shall enter by it, for the Lord God of Israel enters by it, so it shall be shut. | |
| Ezek 44:3 | אֶֽת־הַנָּשִׂ֗יא נָ֥שִׂיא ה֛וּא יֵֽשֶׁב־בּ֥וֹ לֶאֱכָול־לֶ֖חֶם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מִדֶּ֨רֶךְ אֻלָ֤ם הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ יָב֔וֹא וּמִדַּרְכּ֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא׃ | But as for the prince, it is the prince who will sit in it to eat bread before the Lord. He will come in through the portico of the gate, and he will go out through it.” | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ezek 44:4 | וַיְבִיאֵ֜נִי דֶּֽרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר הַצָּפוֹן֮ אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַבַּיִת֒ וָאֵ֕רֶא וְהִנֵּ֛ה מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וָאֶפֹּ֖ל אֶל־פָּנָֽי׃ | Then he brought me through the northern gate to the front of the house, and I looked, and I saw that the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord, and I fell face down. |
I saw that ← behold.
face down ← to my face. |
| Ezek 44:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלַ֜י יְהֹוָ֗ה בֶּן־אָדָ֡ם שִׂ֣ים לִבְּךָ֩ וּרְאֵ֨ה בְעֵינֶ֜יךָ וּבְאָזְנֶ֣יךָ שְּׁמָ֗ע אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אֹתָ֔ךְ לְכָל־חֻקּ֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וּלְכָל־*תורתו **תּֽוֹרֹתָ֑יו וְשַׂמְתָּ֤ לִבְּךָ֙ לִמְב֣וֹא הַבַּ֔יִת בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹצָאֵ֥י הַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ׃ | Then the Lord said to me, “Son of Adam, take note, and see with your eyes, and hear with your ears everything that I am saying to you concerning all the statutes of the house of the Lord and {K: its whole law} [Q: all its laws], and take note of the entrance to the house, with all the exits of the sanctuary. |
take note (2x) ← set your heart, i.e. attention.
the entrance to: or (any occasion of) entering. the exits of: or (any occasion of) exiting. |
| Ezek 44:6 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֶל־מֶ֙רִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה רַב־לָכֶ֛ם מִֽכָּל־תּוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you shall say to the rebels – to the house of Israel – ‘This is what my Lord the Lord says: «You have committed more than enough abominations, O house of Israel, |
rebels ← rebellion.
this is what ← thus. more than enough ← more to you than all. |
| Ezek 44:7 | בַּהֲבִיאֲכֶ֣ם בְּנֵֽי־נֵכָ֗ר עַרְלֵי־לֵב֙ וְעַרְלֵ֣י בָשָׂ֔ר לִהְי֥וֹת בְּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י לְחַלְּל֣וֹ אֶת־בֵּיתִ֑י בְּהַקְרִֽיבְכֶ֤ם אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ חֵ֣לֶב וָדָ֔ם וַיָּפֵ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֶ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | because you have brought foreigners in, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in the flesh, for them to be in my sanctuary, profaning it, namely my house, when you offered my bread, fat and blood. So they broke my covenant with all your abominations. | profaning ← to profane. |
| Ezek 44:8 | וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת קָדָשָׁ֑י וַתְּשִׂימ֗וּן לְשֹׁמְרֵ֧י מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֛י בְּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י לָכֶֽם׃ | And you have not kept the charge of my holy things, but you have put the keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for your own ends.» | for your own ends ← for you. |
| Ezek 44:9 | כֹּה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ כָּל־בֶּן־נֵכָ֗ר עֶ֤רֶל לֵב֙ וְעֶ֣רֶל בָּשָׂ֔ר לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֑י לְכָל־בֶּן־נֵכָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֕ר בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «No foreigner, uncircumcised in heart or uncircumcised in the flesh shall enter into my sanctuary – none of all the foreigners who are among the sons of Israel, |
this is what ← thus.
or: disjunctive use of the vav. all the foreigners ← every foreigner. |
| Ezek 44:10 | כִּ֣י אִם־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָֽחֲקוּ֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י בִּתְע֤וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּע֣וּ מֵֽעָלַ֔י אַחֲרֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָשְׂא֖וּ עֲוֺנָֽם׃ | but it is rather the Levites, who have become distant from me, with Israel going astray when they strayed from me, going after their idols. And they will bear their iniquity. | |
| Ezek 44:11 | וְהָי֤וּ בְמִקְדָּשִׁי֙ מְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים פְּקֻדּוֹת֙ אֶל־שַׁעֲרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וּֽמְשָׁרְתִ֖ים אֶת־הַבָּ֑יִת הֵ֠מָּה יִשְׁחֲט֨וּ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַזֶּ֙בַח֙ לָעָ֔ם וְהֵ֛מָּה יַעַמְד֥וּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָֽׁרְתָֽם׃ | But they will be ministering in my sanctuary, having been given charge of the gates of the house, and serving the house. They will slaughter the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they will stand before them, to minister to them, | charge ← charges. |
| Ezek 44:12 | יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשָׁרְת֤וּ אוֹתָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י גִלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ לְבֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְמִכְשׁ֣וֹל עָוֺ֑ן עַל־כֵּן֩ נָשָׂ֨אתִי יָדִ֜י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ עֲוֺנָֽם׃ | because they ministered to them before their idols, and they were an iniquitous stumbling block to the house of Israel, which is why I have raised my hand against them, says the Lord, the Lord, and they will bear their iniquity. | iniquitous stumbling block ← stumbling block of iniquity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ezek 44:13 | וְלֹֽא־יִגְּשׁ֤וּ אֵלַי֙ לְכַהֵ֣ן לִ֔י וְלָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ עַל־כָּל־קָ֣דָשַׁ֔י אֶל־קָדְשֵׁ֖י הַקְּדָשִׁ֑ים וְנָֽשְׂאוּ֙ כְּלִמָּתָ֔ם וְתוֹעֲבוֹתָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃ | But they shall not come near to me to officiate as a priest to me, nor to come near to any of my holy things in the holy of holies, and they will bear their shame and their abominations which they have committed. | any ← all. |
| Ezek 44:14 | וְנָתַתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם שֹׁמְרֵ֖י מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַבָּ֑יִת לְכֹל֙ עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ וּלְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה בּֽוֹ׃ פ | But I will appoint them as keepers of the charge of the house in all its operations, and everything that is done in it. | operations ← work, service. |
| Ezek 44:15 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַלְוִיִּ֜ם בְּנֵ֣י צָד֗וֹק אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁמְר֜וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת מִקְדָּשִׁי֙ בִּתְע֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י הֵ֛מָּה יִקְרְב֥וּ אֵלַ֖י לְשָֽׁרְתֵ֑נִי וְעָמְד֣וּ לְפָנַ֗י לְהַקְרִ֥יב לִי֙ חֵ֣לֶב וָדָ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | But the Levite priests who are the sons of Zadok, who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the sons of Israel strayed from me – will come near to me to serve me, and they will stand before me to offer fat and blood to me, says the Lord, the Lord. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ezek 44:16 | הֵ֜מָּה יָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֗י וְהֵ֛מָּה יִקְרְב֥וּ אֶל־שֻׁלְחָנִ֖י לְשָׁרְתֵ֑נִי וְשָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּֽי׃ | They shall come into my sanctuary, and they shall come near to my table to serve me, and they will keep my charge. | |
| Ezek 44:17 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּבוֹאָם֙ אֶֽל־שַׁעֲרֵי֙ הֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔ית בִּגְדֵ֥י פִשְׁתִּ֖ים יִלְבָּ֑שׁוּ וְלֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֤ה עֲלֵיהֶם֙ צֶ֔מֶר בְּשָֽׁרְתָ֗ם בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֛י הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִ֖ית וָבָֽיְתָה׃ | And it will come to pass, when they come to the gates of the inner court, that they will wear linen clothes, and no wool will come on them when they minister at the gates of the inner court and inside. | come ← come up. |
| Ezek 44:18 | פַּאֲרֵ֤י פִשְׁתִּים֙ יִהְי֣וּ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם וּמִכְנְסֵ֣י פִשְׁתִּ֔ים יִהְי֖וּ עַל־מָתְנֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א יַחְגְּר֖וּ בַּיָּֽזַע׃ | They shall have linen turbans on their heads, and they shall have linen trousers around their waist. They shall not gird themselves with anything causing sweat. | heads ← head. |
| Ezek 44:19 | וּ֠בְצֵאתָם אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֨ר הַחִיצוֹנָ֜ה אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֣ר הַחִיצוֹנָה֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ יִפְשְׁט֣וּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֙מָּה֙ מְשָׁרְתִ֣ם בָּ֔ם וְהִנִּ֥יחוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בְּלִֽשְׁכֹ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְלָֽבְשׁוּ֙ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יְקַדְּשׁ֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּבִגְדֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when they go out to the outer court – to the outer court to where the people are – they shall take off the clothes in which they minister and put them in the holy annexes, and they shall wear different clothes, and they shall not sanctify the people in their ordinary clothes. |
holy annexes ← annexes of holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
different ← other. shall not sanctify: only those so intended were to be sanctified. Compare Ezek 46:20. |
| Ezek 44:20 | וְרֹאשָׁם֙ לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֔חוּ וּפֶ֖רַע לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑חוּ כָּס֥וֹם יִכְסְמ֖וּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ | And they shall not shave their heads, but they shall not let the locks of their hair hang down. They shall certainly trim the hair on their heads. |
heads (first occurrence in verse) ← head.
certainly trim the hair on: infinitive absolute. |
| Ezek 44:21 | וְיַ֥יִן לֹֽא־יִשְׁתּ֖וּ כָּל־כֹּהֵ֑ן בְּבוֹאָ֖ם אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִֽית׃ | And no priest shall drink wine when they go into inner court. | |
| Ezek 44:22 | וְאַלְמָנָה֙ וּגְרוּשָׁ֔ה לֹֽא־יִקְח֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם לְנָשִׁ֑ים כִּ֣י אִם־בְּתוּלֹ֗ת מִזֶּ֙רַע֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָֽאַלְמָנָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה אַלְמָנָ֔ה מִכֹּהֵ֖ן יִקָּֽחוּ׃ | And they shall not take a widow or a divorcee as their wives, but rather a virgin of the seed of the house of Israel, but they can take a widow who is a priest's widow. | |
| Ezek 44:23 | וְאֶת־עַמִּ֣י יוֹר֔וּ בֵּ֥ין קֹ֖דֶשׁ לְחֹ֑ל וּבֵין־טָמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר יוֹדִעֻֽם׃ | And they shall instruct my people in the difference between holy and profane, and they shall make known to them the difference between unclean and clean. | |
| Ezek 44:24 | וְעַל־רִ֗יב הֵ֚מָּה יַעַמְד֣וּ *לשפט **לְמִשְׁפָּ֔ט בְּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י *ושפטהו **יִשְׁפְּט֑וּהוּ וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתַ֤י וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ בְּכָל־מוֹעֲדַ֣י יִשְׁמֹ֔רוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֖י יְקַדֵּֽשׁוּ׃ | And in a dispute they shall stand {K: to judge} [Q: for judgment] according to my judicial pronouncements, {K: and} [Q: and] they shall judge the matter, and they shall keep my laws and my statutes in all my set times, and they shall sanctify my Sabbaths. |
they shall judge: the ketiv and qeré are different words from the same root, with the same meaning here.
the matter ← it, referring to the dispute. |
| Ezek 44:25 | וְאֶל־מֵ֣ת אָדָ֔ם לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא לְטָמְאָ֑ה כִּ֣י אִם־לְאָ֡ב וּ֠לְאֵם וּלְבֵ֨ן וּלְבַ֜ת לְאָ֗ח וּלְאָח֛וֹת אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה לְאִ֖ישׁ יִטַּמָּֽאוּ׃ | No-one shall go to a dead person, so becoming unclean, except that they may defile themselves for their father, or for their mother, or for their son, or for their daughter, for their brother or for their sister who does not have a husband. | |
| Ezek 44:26 | וְאַחֲרֵ֖י טָֽהֳרָת֑וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים יִסְפְּרוּ־לֽוֹ׃ | Then after his cleansing, they shall count out seven days for him, | |
| Ezek 44:27 | וּבְיוֹם֩ בֹּא֨וֹ אֶל־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֤ר הַפְּנִימִית֙ לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֔דֶשׁ יַקְרִ֖יב חַטָּאת֑וֹ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | then on the day when he goes into the sanctuary – into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary – he shall make his sin-offering, says the Lord, the Lord. | make ← offer. |
| Ezek 44:28 | וְהָיְתָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לְֽנַחֲלָ֔ה אֲנִ֖י נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם וַאֲחֻזָּ֗ה לֹֽא־תִתְּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲנִ֖י אֲחֻזָּתָֽם׃ | And this will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance. And you will not give them any territory in Israel: I am their territory. | territory (2x) ← a possession (of land). |
| Ezek 44:29 | הַמִּנְחָה֙ וְהַחַטָּ֣את וְהָאָשָׁ֔ם הֵ֖מָּה יֹֽאכְל֑וּם וְכָל־חֵ֥רֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לָהֶ֥ם יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And they shall eat the meal-offering, and the sin-offering, and the guilt-offering. And every dedicated thing in Israel shall be theirs. | |
| Ezek 44:30 | וְרֵאשִׁית֩ כָּל־בִּכּ֨וּרֵי כֹ֜ל וְכָל־תְּר֣וּמַת כֹּ֗ל מִכֹּל֙ תְּרוּמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְרֵאשִׁ֤ית עֲרִסֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ תִּתְּנ֣וּ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן לְהָנִ֥יחַ בְּרָכָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃ | And the first harvest of all firstfruits of everything, and every heave-offering, of everything from all your heave-offerings, will be for the priests. And you will give the first batch of your dough to the priest so as to cause a blessing to rest on your house. | dough: or coarse meal. |
| Ezek 44:31 | כָּל־נְבֵלָה֙ וּטְרֵפָ֔ה מִן־הָע֖וֹף וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה לֹ֥א יֹאכְל֖וּ הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ פ | The priests shall not eat any carcase, or anything preyed on, of poultry or of cattle. |
any ← every.
carcase: i.e. animal or bird that died other than by being ritually slaughtered. |
| Ezek 45:1 | וּבְהַפִּֽילְכֶ֨ם אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ בְּנַחֲלָ֗ה תָּרִימוּ֩ תְרוּמָ֨ה לַיהוָ֥ה ׀ קֹדֶשׁ֮ מִן־הָאָרֶץ֒ אֹ֗רֶךְ חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְרֹ֖חַב עֲשָׂ֣רָה אָ֑לֶף קֹדֶשׁ־ה֥וּא בְכָל־גְּבוּלָ֖הּ סָבִֽיב׃ | And when you assign the land as an inheritance, you shall make an offering to the Lord, a holy part of the land, a strip of twenty-five thousand units in length, and ten thousand in width. It will be a holy place in all its extent round about. |
make ← raise.
strip ← length. units: rod-lengths, or reeds, as in Ezek 40:5 rather ↴ extent ← border. |
| Ezek 45:2 | יִהְיֶ֤ה מִזֶּה֙ אֶל־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת בַּחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת מְרֻבָּ֣ע סָבִ֑יב וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֔ה מִגְרָ֥שׁ ל֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | Of this, there will be for the sanctuary five hundred by five hundred cubits square all around, and it will have fifty cubits of pasture around it. | ↳ than cubits as in Ezek 40:9. A rod-length is 6 cubits and a standard cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm. But in Ezek 40:6, the cubit includes a handbreadth. [CB] has a reed = 12 feet or 3.7m. |
| Ezek 45:3 | וּמִן־הַמִּדָּ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ תָּמ֔וֹד אֹ֗רֶךְ *חמש **חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְרֹ֖חַב עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֑ים וּבֽוֹ־יִהְיֶ֥ה הַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָדָשִֽׁים׃ | So according to this measured-out area, you shall measure a length of twenty-five thousand units and a width of ten thousand units, and in it will be the sanctuary – the holy of holies. |
five: the ketiv and qeré are different genders of the same word, with the same meaning.
units (2x): see Ezek 45:1. |
| Ezek 45:4 | קֹ֣דֶשׁ מִן־הָאָ֜רֶץ ה֗וּא לַכֹּ֨הֲנִ֜ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֤י הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה הַקְּרֵבִ֖ים לְשָׁרֵ֣ת אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם מָקוֹם֙ לְבָ֣תִּ֔ים וּמִקְדָּ֖שׁ לַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ׃ | It is a holy part of the land; it shall be for the priests, the servants of the sanctuary who come near to serve the Lord. And it will be their place for houses, and a sanctuary for the sanctuary. | |
| Ezek 45:5 | וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים רֹ֑חַב *יהיה **וְֽהָיָ֡ה לַלְוִיִּם֩ מְשָׁרְתֵ֨י הַבַּ֧יִת לָהֶ֛ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים לְשָׁכֹֽת׃ | So it will be twenty-five thousand units in length and ten thousand units in width. {K: And} [Q: And] it will be for the Levites, the servants of the house – theirs as a territory with twenty annexes. |
units (2x): see Ezek 45:1.
territory: see Ezek 44:28. |
| Ezek 45:6 | וַאֲחֻזַּ֨ת הָעִ֜יר תִּתְּנ֗וּ חֲמֵ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ רֹ֔חַב וְאֹ֗רֶךְ חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף לְעֻמַּ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶֽה׃ | And you shall assign the territory of the city to be five thousand units in width and a length of twenty-five thousand units, opposite the place of the holy heave-offering. It shall be for the whole house of Israel. |
assign ← give, put.
territory: see Ezek 44:28. units (2x): see Ezek 45:1. holy heave-offering ← heave-offering of holiness. |
| Ezek 45:7 | וְלַנָּשִׂ֡יא מִזֶּ֣ה וּמִזֶּה֩ לִתְרוּמַ֨ת הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ וְלַאֲחֻזַּ֣ת הָעִ֗יר אֶל־פְּנֵ֤י תְרֽוּמַת־הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְאֶל־פְּנֵי֙ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת הָעִ֔יר מִפְּאַת־יָ֣ם יָ֔מָּה וּמִפְּאַת־קֵ֖דְמָה קָדִ֑ימָה וְאֹ֗רֶךְ לְעֻמּוֹת֙ אַחַ֣ד הַחֲלָקִ֔ים מִגְּב֥וּל יָ֖ם אֶל־גְּב֥וּל קָדִֽימָה׃ | And for the prince there will be land on each side of the holy heave-offering, and of the grounds of the city, opposite the place of the holy heave-offering and opposite the grounds of the city, from the western side to the west, and from the eastern side eastwards, and the length will be all along one of the apportionments, from the western border to the eastern border. |
holy heave-offering (2x): see Ezek 45:6.
grounds (2x) ← possession (of land). |
| Ezek 45:8 | לָאָ֛רֶץ יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לַֽאֲחֻזָּ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־יוֹנ֨וּ ע֤וֹד נְשִׂיאַי֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְהָאָ֛רֶץ יִתְּנ֥וּ לְבֵֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | In the land it will be his territory in Israel, and my princes will no longer oppress my people, and the land will be given to the house of Israel according to their tribes.» |
territory: see Ezek 44:28.
the land will be given ← they will give the land. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezek 45:9 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה רַב־לָכֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חָמָ֤ס וָשֹׁד֙ הָסִ֔ירוּ וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ הָרִ֤ימוּ גְרֻשֹֽׁתֵיכֶם֙ מֵעַ֣ל עַמִּ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «You princes of Israel, enough of your injustice! Renounce violence and oppression, and execute justice and righteousness. Desist from your banishments imposed on my people, says the Lord, the Lord. |
this is what ← thus.
enough of your injustice ← (too) much to you. Similar to Ezek 44:6. renounce ← remove. |
| Ezek 45:10 | מֹֽאזְנֵי־צֶ֧דֶק וְאֵֽיפַת־צֶ֛דֶק וּבַת־צֶ֖דֶק יְהִ֥י לָכֶֽם׃ | You shall have just balances and a just ephah and a just bath. | ephah ... bath: both about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres (dry / liquid measure respectively). |
| Ezek 45:11 | הָאֵיפָ֣ה וְהַבַּ֗ת תֹּ֤כֶן אֶחָד֙ יִֽהְיֶ֔ה לָשֵׂ֕את מַעְשַׂ֥ר הַחֹ֖מֶר הַבָּ֑ת וַעֲשִׂירִ֤ת הַחֹ֙מֶר֙ הָֽאֵיפָ֔ה אֶל־הַחֹ֖מֶר יִהְיֶ֥ה מַתְכֻּנְתּֽוֹ׃ | The ephah and the bath shall be of equal volume, so that a bath may have a volume of one tenth of a homer, and an ephah one tenth of a homer. The derivative measures shall be from the homer. |
ephah (2x) ... bath (2x): both about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres (dry / liquid measure respectively).
equal ← one. homer (3x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. the derivative measures ← its proportion. |
| Ezek 45:12 | וְהַשֶּׁ֖קֶל עֶשְׂרִ֣ים גֵּרָ֑ה עֶשְׂרִ֨ים שְׁקָלִ֜ים חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֗ים עֲשָׂרָ֤ה וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙ שֶׁ֔קֶל הַמָּנֶ֖ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ | And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs. Twenty shekels, twenty-five shekels, fifteen shekels will amount to your maneh. |
twenty ... twenty-five ... fifteen ... maneh: according to Gill's exposition, corresponding to the royal, sacred, and common maneh. The application is in a prophetic future. The maneh to shekel rate was different in the kings period; see 1 Ki 10:17.
will amount to ← will be. |
| Ezek 45:13 | זֹ֥את הַתְּרוּמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּרִ֑ימוּ שִׁשִּׁ֤ית הָֽאֵיפָה֙ מֵחֹ֣מֶר הַֽחִטִּ֔ים וְשִׁשִּׁיתֶם֙ הָֽאֵיפָ֔ה מֵחֹ֖מֶר הַשְּׂעֹרִֽים׃ | This is the heave-offering which you shall make: a sixth of an ephah from a homer of wheat. You shall also give a sixth part of an ephah from a homer of barley. |
make ← raise.
ephah (2x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. homer (2x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. |
| Ezek 45:14 | וְחֹ֨ק הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן הַבַּ֣ת הַשֶּׁ֗מֶן מַעְשַׂ֤ר הַבַּת֙ מִן־הַכֹּ֔ר עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת הַבַּתִּ֖ים חֹ֑מֶר כִּֽי־עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת הַבַּתִּ֖ים חֹֽמֶר׃ | And as for the statute concerning oil, it is a bath of oil. A bath is a tenth of a cor, which is ten baths, which is a homer, for there are ten baths in a homer. |
baths (4x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
cor: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. homer (2x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. |
| Ezek 45:15 | וְשֶׂה־אַחַ֨ת מִן־הַצֹּ֤אן מִן־הַמָּאתַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּשְׁקֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִנְחָ֖ה וּלְעוֹלָ֣ה וְלִשְׁלָמִ֑ים לְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ | And you shall offer one lamb from the flock, out of two hundred, from the well-watered country of Israel, as a gift-offering and a burnt offering, and as peace-offerings, to atone for them, says my Lord the Lord. | gift-offering: usually bloodless and translated meal-offering. Perhaps bloodless also here, not referring to the lamb, which is the burnt offering. |
| Ezek 45:16 | כֹּ֚ל הָעָ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ יִהְי֖וּ אֶל־הַתְּרוּמָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את לַנָּשִׂ֖יא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | All the people in the land will be linked to this heave-offering for the prince in Israel. | for the prince: or to the prince. |
| Ezek 45:17 | וְעַֽל־הַנָּשִׂ֣יא יִהְיֶ֗ה הָעוֹל֣וֹת וְהַמִּנְחָה֮ וְהַנֵּסֶךְ֒ בַּחַגִּ֤ים וּבֶחֳדָשִׁים֙ וּבַשַּׁבָּת֔וֹת בְּכָֽל־מוֹעֲדֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֽוּא־יַעֲשֶׂ֞ה אֶת־הַחַטָּ֣את וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה וְאֶת־הָֽעוֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁלָמִ֔ים לְכַפֵּ֖ר בְּעַ֥ד בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And it will be up to the prince to make the burnt offerings and the meal-offering and the libation at the festivals and on the new moons and on the Sabbaths – on all the festival days of the house of Israel. He will offer the sin-offering and the meal-offering and the burnt offering and the peace-offerings to atone for the house of Israel.» | offer ← make, do. |
| Ezek 45:18 | כֹּה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ בָּֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ תִּקַּ֥ח פַּר־בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תָּמִ֑ים וְחִטֵּאתָ֖ אֶת־הַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «In the first month, on the first day of the month, you shall take a perfect bull-calf of the oxen, and you will expiate the sanctuary from sin. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 45:19 | וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֣ם הַחַטָּ֗את וְנָתַן֙ אֶל־מְזוּזַ֣ת הַבַּ֔יִת וְאֶל־אַרְבַּ֛ע פִּנּ֥וֹת הָעֲזָרָ֖ה לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְעַ֨ל־מְזוּזַ֔ת שַׁ֖עַר הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִֽית׃ | And the priest will take some of the blood of the sin-offering and put it on the doorposts of the house, and on the four corners of the ledge of the altar, and on the posts of the gate of the inner court. | doorposts ... posts ← doorpost ... post. |
| Ezek 45:20 | וְכֵ֤ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּשִׁבְעָ֣ה בַחֹ֔דֶשׁ מֵאִ֥ישׁ שֹׁגֶ֖ה וּמִפֶּ֑תִי וְכִפַּרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And you will do likewise on the seventh day of the month, for anyone sinning through ignorance or through folly, and you will atone for the house. | |
| Ezek 45:21 | בָּ֠רִאשׁוֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם הַפָּ֑סַח חָ֕ג שְׁבֻע֣וֹת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵאָכֵֽל׃ | In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you will celebrate the Passover, a festival of a week of days. Unleavened bread will be eaten. |
you will celebrate ← there will be to you.
a week ← weeks, but cognate with seven(s). |
| Ezek 45:22 | וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַנָּשִׂיא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא בַּעֲד֕וֹ וּבְעַ֖ד כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ פַּ֖ר חַטָּֽאת׃ | And the prince will offer on that day for himself and for all the people of the land, a bull as a sin-offering. | offer ← make, do. |
| Ezek 45:23 | וְשִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵֽי־הֶחָ֜ג יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה עוֹלָ֣ה לַֽיהוָ֗ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת פָּ֠רִים וְשִׁבְעַ֨ת אֵילִ֤ים תְּמִימִם֙ לַיּ֔וֹם שִׁבְעַ֖ת הַיָּמִ֑ים וְחַטָּ֕את שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים לַיּֽוֹם׃ | And for the seven days of the festival, he will make a burnt offering to the Lord – seven bulls and seven rams per day, perfect ones, for the seven days, and as a sin-offering, a buck of the goats per day, | |
| Ezek 45:24 | וּמִנְחָ֗ה אֵיפָ֥ה לַפָּ֛ר וְאֵיפָ֥ה לָאַ֖יִל יַֽעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה׃ | and he will offer a meal-offering of an ephah per bull, and an ephah per ram, and a hin of oil per ephah. |
ephah (3x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 45:25 | בַּשְּׁבִיעִ֡י בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בֶּחָ֔ג יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כָאֵ֖לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֑ים כַּֽחַטָּאת֙ כָּעֹלָ֔ה וְכַמִּנְחָ֖ה וְכַשָּֽׁמֶן׃ ס | In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the festival, he will offer similarly for seven days – likewise with the sin-offering, likewise with the burnt offering and likewise with the meal-offering and likewise with the oil.» |
offer ← make, do.
similarly ← like these. |
| Ezek 46:1 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ שַׁ֜עַר הֶחָצֵ֤ר הַפְּנִימִית֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים יִהְיֶ֣ה סָג֔וּר שֵׁ֖שֶׁת יְמֵ֣י הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה וּבְי֤וֹם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ יִפָּתֵ֔חַ וּבְי֥וֹם הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «The gate of the inner court facing east will be shut for the six working days, then on the Sabbath day it will be opened, and on the day of the new moon it will be opened. | this is what ← thus. |
| Ezek 46:2 | וּבָ֣א הַנָּשִׂ֡יא דֶּרֶךְ֩ אוּלָ֨ם הַשַּׁ֜עַר מִח֗וּץ וְעָמַד֙ עַל־מְזוּזַ֣ת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְעָשׂ֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים אֶת־עֽוֹלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָ֔יו וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוָ֛ה עַל־מִפְתַּ֥ן הַשַּׁ֖עַר וְיָצָ֑א וְהַשַּׁ֥עַר לֹֽא־יִסָּגֵ֖ר עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ | And the prince will come through the portico of the outer gate, and he will stand at the gatepost, and the priests will offer his burnt offering and his peace-offerings, and he will worship at the threshold of the gate, then he will go out. But the gate will not be shut until the evening. | offer ← do, make. |
| Ezek 46:3 | וְהִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ עַם־הָאָ֗רֶץ פֶּ֚תַח הַשַּׁ֣עַר הַה֔וּא בַּשַּׁבָּת֖וֹת וּבֶחֳדָשִׁ֑ים לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | And the people of the land will worship at the entrance of that gate on Sabbaths and on days of the new moon, before the Lord. | |
| Ezek 46:4 | וְהָ֣עֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥ב הַנָּשִׂ֖יא לַֽיהוָ֑ה בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת שִׁשָּׁ֧ה כְבָשִׂ֛ים תְּמִימִ֖ם וְאַ֥יִל תָּמִֽים׃ | And the burnt offering which the prince shall offer to the Lord on the day of the Sabbath is six perfect lambs and a perfect ram, | |
| Ezek 46:5 | וּמִנְחָה֙ אֵיפָ֣ה לָאַ֔יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֥ים מִנְחָ֖ה מַתַּ֣ת יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה׃ | and a meal-offering of an ephah per ram, and with the lambs he will offer a meal-offering as a gift according to his means, and a hin of oil per ephah. |
ephah (2x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
according to his means ← of his hand. hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 46:6 | וּבְי֣וֹם הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ פַּ֥ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תְּמִימִ֑ם וְשֵׁ֧שֶׁת כְּבָשִׂ֛ם וָאַ֖יִל תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיֽוּ׃ | And on the day of the new moon he will offer a perfect bull-calf of the oxen and six lambs and a ram. They shall be perfect. | perfect: plural, perhaps because the bull-calf refers collectively to those needed for repeated sacrifices. Many manuscripts have the singular [BHS-CA]. |
| Ezek 46:7 | וְאֵיפָ֨ה לַפָּ֜ר וְאֵיפָ֤ה לָאַ֙יִל֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִנְחָ֔ה וְלַ֨כְּבָשִׂ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה׃ | And he will offer an ephah per bull and an ephah per ram, as a meal-offering, and for the lambs according to his means, and a hin of oil per ephah. |
offer ← do, make.
ephah (3x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. according to his means ← as his hand reaches. hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 46:8 | וּבְב֖וֹא הַנָּשִׂ֑יא דֶּ֣רֶךְ אוּלָ֤ם הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ יָב֔וֹא וּבְדַרְכּ֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא׃ | When the prince comes, he shall come through the portico of the gate, and he shall go out through it. | |
| Ezek 46:9 | וּבְב֨וֹא עַם־הָאָ֜רֶץ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֮ בַּמּֽוֹעֲדִים֒ הַבָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ־שַׁ֨עַר צָפ֜וֹן לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֗ת יֵצֵא֙ דֶּרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר נֶ֔גֶב וְהַבָּא֙ דֶּרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר נֶ֔גֶב יֵצֵ֖א דֶּרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר צָפ֑וֹנָה לֹ֣א יָשׁ֗וּב דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א ב֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִכְח֖וֹ *יצאו **יֵצֵֽא׃ | But when the people of the land come before the Lord on the festival days, he who comes in through the northern gate to worship shall go out through the southern gate, and he who comes in through the southern gate shall go out through the northern gate. He shall not return through the gate by which he came, for {K: they} [Q: he] shall leave opposite it. | |
| Ezek 46:10 | וְֽהַנָּשִׂ֑יא בְּתוֹכָ֤ם בְּבוֹאָם֙ יָב֔וֹא וּבְצֵאתָ֖ם יֵצֵֽאוּ׃ | And the prince who is among them will go in when they go in, and when they go out, he shall go out with them. | he shall go out with them ← they shall go out, but, [BHS-CA], many manuscripts read he shall go out. Compare the textual issue in Ezek 46:9. |
| Ezek 46:11 | וּבַחַגִּ֣ים וּבַמּוֹעֲדִ֗ים תִּהְיֶ֤ה הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֵיפָ֤ה לַפָּר֙ וְאֵיפָ֣ה לָאַ֔יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֖ים מַתַּ֣ת יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה׃ ס | And at festivals and appointed times, the meal-offering will consist of an ephah per bull and an ephah per ram, and for the lambs, a gift according to his means, and oil – a hin per ephah. |
consist of ← be.
ephah (3x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. according to his means ← of his hand. hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 46:12 | וְכִֽי־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ הַנָּשִׂ֨יא נְדָבָ֜ה עוֹלָ֣ה אֽוֹ־שְׁלָמִים֮ נְדָבָ֣ה לַֽיהוָה֒ וּפָ֣תַֽח ל֗וֹ אֶת הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וְיָצָ֛א וְסָגַ֥ר אֶת־הַשַּׁ֖עַר אַחֲרֵ֥י צֵאתֽוֹ׃ | And when the prince makes a voluntary burnt offering or voluntary peace-offerings to the Lord, and he has opened the east-facing gate for himself, he shall make his burnt offering and his peace-offerings in the same way as when he makes them on the Sabbath day, and he will go out and close the gate after he has gone out. | |
| Ezek 46:13 | וְכֶ֨בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֜וֹ תָּמִ֗ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה עוֹלָ֛ה לַיּ֖וֹם לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּ֖קֶר תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And you shall offer a perfect one-year-old lamb per day as a burnt offering to the Lord. You shall offer it every morning. | offer (2x) ← make, do. |
| Ezek 46:14 | וּמִנְחָה֩ תַעֲשֶׂ֨ה עָלָ֜יו בַּבֹּ֤קֶר בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ית הָֽאֵיפָ֔ה וְשֶׁ֛מֶן שְׁלִישִׁ֥ית הַהִ֖ין לָרֹ֣ס אֶת־הַסֹּ֑לֶת מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה חֻקּ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תָּמִֽיד׃ | And you shall make a meal-offering with it every morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a hin of oil to moisten the fine flour. It is a meal-offering to the Lord; they are age-abiding statutes continually. |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
hin: about 1 imperial gallon or 4.5 litres. |
| Ezek 46:15 | *ועשו **יַעֲשׂ֨וּ אֶת־הַכֶּ֧בֶשׂ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֛ה וְאֶת־הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר עוֹלַ֖ת תָּמִֽיד׃ פ | {K: So they} [Q: They] shall offer the lamb, and the meal-offering, and the oil, every morning as a continual burnt offering.» | offer ← make, do. |
| Ezek 46:16 | כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֨ן הַנָּשִׂ֤יא מַתָּנָה֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ מִבָּנָ֔יו נַחֲלָת֥וֹ הִ֖יא לְבָנָ֣יו תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה אֲחֻזָּתָ֥ם הִ֖יא בְּנַחֲלָֽה׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord says: «If the prince gives a gift to any of his sons, it will be the inheritance of his sons. It will be their territory by inheritance. |
this is what ← thus.
any ← a man. territory: see Ezek 44:28. |
| Ezek 46:17 | וְכִֽי־יִתֵּ֨ן מַתָּנָ֜ה מִנַּחֲלָת֗וֹ לְאַחַד֙ מֵֽעֲבָדָ֔יו וְהָ֤יְתָה לּוֹ֙ עַד־שְׁנַ֣ת הַדְּר֔וֹר וְשָׁבַ֖ת לַנָּשִׂ֑יא אַ֚ךְ נַחֲלָת֔וֹ בָּנָ֖יו לָהֶ֥ם תִּהְיֶֽה׃ | But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it will be his until the year of liberty when it returns to the prince. But when his inheritance is given to his sons, it shall be theirs. | it returns: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ezek 46:18 | וְלֹא־יִקַּ֨ח הַנָּשִׂ֜יא מִנַּחֲלַ֣ת הָעָ֗ם לְהֽוֹנֹתָם֙ מֵאֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם מֵאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ יַנְחִ֣ל אֶת־בָּנָ֑יו לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָפֻ֣צוּ עַמִּ֔י אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃ | Now the prince shall not take any of the people's inheritance, in dispossessing them of their territory. He may give his sons some of his territory as an inheritance, so that my people are not scattered – each from his territory.» ’ ” |
in dispossessing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
territory (3x): see Ezek 44:28. |
| Ezek 46:19 | וַיְבִיאֵ֣נִי בַמָּבוֹא֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כֶּ֣תֶף הַשַּׁעַר֒ אֶל־הַלִּשְׁכ֤וֹת הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים הַפֹּנ֖וֹת צָפ֑וֹנָה וְהִנֵּה־שָׁ֣ם מָק֔וֹם *בירכתם **בַּיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה׃ ס | Then he brought me through the entrance which was at the side of the gate to the holy annexes for the priests, which face north, and what I saw was a place there in the furthest part to the west. |
in the furthest part: the ketiv can be regarded ↴
side ← shoulder. holy annexes ← annexes of holiness. what I saw was ← behold. |
| Ezek 46:20 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י זֶ֣ה הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְבַשְּׁלוּ־שָׁם֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים אֶת־הָאָשָׁ֖ם וְאֶת־הַחַטָּ֑את אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאפוּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֥י הוֹצִ֛יא אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֖ה לְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And he said to me, “This is the place where the priests cook the guilt-offering and the sin-offering, and where they bake the meal-offering, so that they do not bring them out into the outer court, so sanctifying the people.” |
↳ as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. AV differs somewhat (on the two sides).
so sanctifying: see Ezek 44:19. |
| Ezek 46:21 | וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֗נִי אֶל־הֶֽחָצֵר֙ הַחִ֣יצֹנָ֔ה וַיַּ֣עֲבִירֵ֔נִי אֶל־אַרְבַּ֖עַת מִקְצוֹעֵ֣י הֶחָצֵ֑ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה חָצֵר֙ בְּמִקְצֹ֣עַ הֶחָצֵ֔ר חָצֵ֖ר בְּמִקְצֹ֥עַ הֶחָצֵֽר׃ | Then he brought me out to the outer court, and he brought me across to the four corners of the court. And what I saw was a court in each corner of the court. |
what I saw was ← behold.
a court in each corner of the court ← a court in the corner of a court, a court in the corner of a court. |
| Ezek 46:22 | בְּאַרְבַּ֜עַת מִקְצֹע֤וֹת הֶֽחָצֵר֙ חֲצֵר֣וֹת קְטֻר֔וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֣ים אֹ֔רֶךְ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים רֹ֑חַב מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֖ם מְׄהֻׄקְׄצָׄעֽׄוֹׄתׄ׃ | In the four corners of the court were adjoining courts forty cubits long and thirty cubits wide. All four of them, set in the corners, had the same dimensions. |
set in the corners: with supralinear dots. See [CB] App. 31.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. the same dimensions ← one measurement. |
| Ezek 46:23 | וְט֨וּר סָבִ֥יב בָּהֶ֛ם סָבִ֖יב לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ם וּמְבַשְּׁל֣וֹת עָשׂ֔וּי מִתַּ֥חַת הַטִּיר֖וֹת סָבִֽיב׃ | And there was a circle of buildings in them, all around in the four of them, and it was constructed with kitchens under the ring of buildings. |
circle ← row around.
ring of buildings ← ranges around. |
| Ezek 46:24 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י אֵ֚לֶּה בֵּ֣ית הַֽמְבַשְּׁלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר יְבַשְּׁלוּ־שָׁ֛ם מְשָׁרְתֵ֥י הַבַּ֖יִת אֶת־זֶ֥בַח הָעָֽם׃ | Then he said to me, “These constitute the cooks' house where the servants of the house cook the sacrifice for the people.” | |
| Ezek 47:1 | וַיְשִׁבֵנִי֮ אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּיִת֒ וְהִנֵּה־מַ֣יִם יֹצְאִ֗ים מִתַּ֨חַת מִפְתַּ֤ן הַבַּ֙יִת֙ קָדִ֔ימָה כִּֽי־פְנֵ֥י הַבַּ֖יִת קָדִ֑ים וְהַמַּ֣יִם יֹרְדִ֗ים מִתַּ֜חַת מִכֶּ֤תֶף הַבַּ֙יִת֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִנֶּ֖גֶב לַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | Then he brought me back to the entrance of the house, and what I saw was water coming out from under the threshold of the house towards the east, for the house faces east. And the water ran down from under the right hand side of the house, to the south of the altar. |
Alluded to in John 7:38, Rev 22:1.
what I saw was ← behold. side ← shoulder. |
| Ezek 47:2 | וַיּוֹצִאֵנִי֮ דֶּֽרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר צָפוֹנָה֒ וַיְסִבֵּ֙נִי֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ ח֔וּץ אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר הַח֔וּץ דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַפּוֹנֶ֣ה קָדִ֑ים וְהִנֵּה־מַ֣יִם מְפַכִּ֔ים מִן־הַכָּתֵ֖ף הַיְמָנִֽית׃ | Then he brought me out through the north gate, and he took me round along the outside road to the outer gate, to the road going east. And what I saw was water flowing out from the right hand side. |
going ← facing.
what I saw was ← behold. side ← shoulder. |
| Ezek 47:3 | בְּצֵאת־הָאִ֥ישׁ קָדִ֖ים וְקָ֣ו בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיָּ֤מָד אֶ֙לֶף֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֥נִי בַמַּ֖יִם מֵ֥י אָפְסָֽיִם׃ | When the man came out to the east, with a line in his hand, he measured one thousand cubits, and he brought me across in the water – water up to the ankles. |
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm.
up to ← of. |
| Ezek 47:4 | וַיָּ֣מָד אֶ֔לֶף וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֥נִי בַמַּ֖יִם מַ֣יִם בִּרְכָּ֑יִם וַיָּ֣מָד אֶ֔לֶף וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֖נִי מֵ֥י מָתְנָֽיִם׃ | Then he measured a thousand cubits further away, and he brought me across in the water – water up to the knees. Then he measured a thousand cubits further and brought me to water up to the waist. | up to ← of. |
| Ezek 47:5 | וַיָּ֣מָד אֶ֔לֶף נַ֕חַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־אוּכַ֖ל לַעֲבֹ֑ר כִּֽי־גָא֤וּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ מֵ֣י שָׂ֔חוּ נַ֖חַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יֵעָבֵֽר׃ | Then he measured a thousand cubits further, and it was a brook which I could not cross, because the water had risen high – it was water to swim in – a torrent which could not be crossed on foot. | |
| Ezek 47:6 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלַ֖י הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָ֑ם וַיּוֹלִכֵ֥נִי וַיְשִׁבֵ֖נִי שְׂפַ֥ת הַנָּֽחַל׃ | And he said to me, “Have you seen it, son of Adam?” Then he led me and brought me back to the bank of the brook. | |
| Ezek 47:7 | בְּשׁוּבֵ֕נִי וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַנַּ֔חַל עֵ֖ץ רַ֣ב מְאֹ֑ד מִזֶּ֖ה וּמִזֶּֽה׃ | And when I had returned, what I saw was a very great abundance of trees on the banks of the brook, on each side. |
what I saw was ← behold.
trees ... banks ← tree ... bank. Collective usage. |
| Ezek 47:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הַמַּ֤יִם הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יוֹצְאִ֗ים אֶל־הַגְּלִילָה֙ הַקַּדְמוֹנָ֔ה וְיָרְד֖וּ עַל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וּבָ֣אוּ הַיָּ֔מָּה אֶל־הַיָּ֥מָּה הַמּֽוּצָאִ֖ים *ונרפאו **וְנִרְפּ֥וּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ | And he said to me, “This water is coming out to the eastern region, and it is going down to the arid land. Then it goes into the sea, and when it has been brought to the sea, the water {K: is healed} [Q: is calm]. | is healed (ketiv): i.e. is made wholesome. |
| Ezek 47:9 | וְהָיָ֣ה כָל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֣ה ׀ אֲֽשֶׁר־יִשְׁרֹ֡ץ אֶ֣ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ יָב֨וֹא שָׁ֤ם נַחֲלַ֙יִם֙ יִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה הַדָּגָ֖ה רַבָּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד כִּי֩ בָ֨אוּ שָׁ֜מָּה הַמַּ֣יִם הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְיֵרָֽפְאוּ֙ וָחָ֔י כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יָ֥בוֹא שָׁ֖מָּה הַנָּֽחַל׃ | And it shall come to pass that every living creature which teems everywhere the brook goes, shall live, and the fish will be very abundant, because this water has gone there, and they are healed, and everywhere where the brook goes comes to life. |
brook ← brooks, pointed as dual.
creature ← soul. comes to life ← lives. |
| Ezek 47:10 | וְהָיָה֩ *יעמדו **עָמְד֨וּ עָלָ֜יו דַּוָּגִ֗ים מֵעֵ֥ין גֶּ֙דִי֙ וְעַד־עֵ֣ין עֶגְלַ֔יִם מִשְׁט֥וֹחַ לַֽחֲרָמִ֖ים יִהְי֑וּ לְמִינָה֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה דְגָתָ֔ם כִּדְגַ֛ת הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל רַבָּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And it will come to pass that fishermen will stand in it from En-Gedi to En-Eglaim. It will be a place for casting nets. Its fish will be of various kinds, like the fish of the Great Sea, in very great abundance. |
will stand: the ketiv and qeré are different conjugated forms of the same word, with the same meaning here.
of various kinds ← of its kind. the Great Sea: i.e., [CB], the Mediterranean. |
| Ezek 47:11 | *בצאתו **בִּצֹּאתָ֧יו וּגְבָאָ֛יו וְלֹ֥א יֵרָפְא֖וּ לְמֶ֥לַח נִתָּֽנוּ׃ | But its {Q: swamps} [K: swamp] and marshes shall not be healed. They will be given over to salt. | swamps (qeré) ... swamp (ketiv): the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| Ezek 47:12 | וְעַל־הַנַּ֣חַל יַעֲלֶ֣ה עַל־שְׂפָת֣וֹ מִזֶּ֣ה ׀ וּמִזֶּ֣ה ׀ כָּל־עֵֽץ־מַ֠אֲכָל לֹא־יִבּ֨וֹל עָלֵ֜הוּ וְלֹֽא־יִתֹּ֣ם פִּרְי֗וֹ לָֽחֳדָשָׁיו֙ יְבַכֵּ֔ר כִּ֣י מֵימָ֔יו מִן־הַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ הֵ֣מָּה יֽוֹצְאִ֑ים *והיו **וְהָיָ֤ה פִרְיוֹ֙ לְמַֽאֲכָ֔ל וְעָלֵ֖הוּ לִתְרוּפָֽה׃ ס | And along the brook on its banks on each side, every kind of fruit tree will arise. Its foliage will not wither and its fruit will not come to an end. According to its months, it will bear early fruit, because its water comes out of the sanctuary. And its fruit will be for food and its leaves for healing. |
will be: the ketiv is plural.
banks ← bank. fruit tree ← tree of food, so probably including nuts, olives etc., but the verse continues with fruit. |
| Ezek 47:13 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה גֵּ֤ה גְבוּל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתְנַחֲל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ לִשְׁנֵ֥י עָשָׂ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יוֹסֵ֖ף חֲבָלִֽים׃ | This is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘This is the border of what you will inherit as the land for the twelve tribes of Israel. Joseph will inherit two apportionments. |
this is what ← thus.
this is the border: with גֶּה for an original זֶה, or a demonstrative pronoun in its own right. |
| Ezek 47:14 | וּנְחַלְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָהּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ כְּאָחִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְתִתָּ֖הּ לַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְנָ֨פְלָ֜ה הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לָכֶ֖ם בְּנַחֲלָֽה׃ | And you shall inherit it – each as his brother – that which I raised my hand to give to your fathers, and this land will fall to you as an inheritance. | raised my hand: i.e. swore. |
| Ezek 47:15 | וְזֶ֖ה גְּב֣וּל הָאָ֑רֶץ לִפְאַ֨ת צָפ֜וֹנָה מִן־הַיָּ֧ם הַגָּד֛וֹל הַדֶּ֥רֶךְ חֶתְלֹ֖ן לְב֥וֹא צְדָֽדָה׃ | And this is the border of the land on the northern side, from the Great Sea by the way to Hethlon, as one goes to Zedad: | the Great Sea: i.e., [CB], the Mediterranean. |
| Ezek 47:16 | חֲמָ֤ת ׀ בֵּר֙וֹתָה֙ סִבְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר֙ בֵּין־גְּב֣וּל דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וּבֵ֖ין גְּב֣וּל חֲמָ֑ת חָצֵר֙ הַתִּיכ֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֶל־גְּב֥וּל חַוְרָֽן׃ | Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border at Damascus and the border at Hamath, Hazer-Hatticon, which is at the border of Havran. |
Hazer: AV= Hazar.
Havran: AV= Hauran. |
| Ezek 47:17 | וְהָיָ֨ה גְב֜וּל מִן־הַיָּ֗ם חֲצַ֤ר עֵינוֹן֙ גְּב֣וּל דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְצָפ֥וֹן ׀ צָפ֖וֹנָה וּגְב֣וּל חֲמָ֑ת וְאֵ֖ת פְּאַ֥ת צָפֽוֹן׃ | And the border will be from the sea to Hazar-Enan, the border at Damascus. And as for the north, to the north the border is at Hamath. So this is the north side. |
Hazar-Enan ← Hazar-Enon here, but elsewhere always Hazar-Enan.
this: we have to read the Hebrew as זֹאת, or regard it as a demonstrative pronoun in its own right. Similarly in the next two verses, but not Ezek 47:20. |
| Ezek 47:18 | וּפְאַ֣ת קָדִ֡ים מִבֵּ֣ין חַוְרָ֣ן וּמִבֵּין־דַּמֶּשֶׂק֩ וּמִבֵּ֨ין הַגִּלְעָ֜ד וּמִבֵּ֨ין אֶ֤רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מִגְּב֛וּל עַל־הַיָּ֥ם הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֖י תָּמֹ֑דּוּ וְאֵ֖ת פְּאַ֥ת קָדִֽימָה׃ | And as for the eastern side, you shall allocate territory from between Havran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel at the Jordan, from the border at the eastern sea. So this is the eastern side. |
allocate ← measure.
Havran: see Ezek 47:16. Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Ezek 47:19 | וּפְאַת֙ נֶ֣גֶב תֵּימָ֔נָה מִתָּמָ֗ר עַד־מֵי֙ מְרִיב֣וֹת קָדֵ֔שׁ נַחֲלָ֖ה אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֑וֹל וְאֵ֥ת פְּאַת־תֵּימָ֖נָה נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And the southern side, to the south, is from Tamar to the water at Meriboth of Kadesh, to the torrent going to the Great Sea. So this is the south side, to the south. |
Meriboth: see Ex 17:7 (Meribah). AV differs (strife), translating here.
the Great Sea: i.e., [CB], the Mediterranean. |
| Ezek 47:20 | וּפְאַת־יָם֙ הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל מִגְּב֕וּל עַד־נֹ֖כַח לְב֣וֹא חֲמָ֑ת זֹ֖את פְּאַת־יָֽם׃ | And the western side is the Great Sea from the border to opposite the approach to Hamath. This is the western side. | the Great Sea: i.e., [CB], the Mediterranean. |
| Ezek 47:21 | וְחִלַּקְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לָכֶ֖ם לְשִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And you will divide this land of yours for the tribes of Israel. | |
| Ezek 47:22 | וְהָיָ֗ה תַּפִּ֣לוּ אוֹתָהּ֮ בְּנַחֲלָה֒ לָכֶ֗ם וּלְהַגֵּרִים֙ הַגָּרִ֣ים בְּתוֹכְכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹלִ֥דוּ בָנִ֖ים בְּתֽוֹכְכֶ֑ם וְהָי֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם כְּאֶזְרָח֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִתְּכֶם֙ יִפְּל֣וּ בְנַחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it will come to pass that you will cast lots for it coming into your inheritance, and that of foreigners who reside among you, who have begotten sons among you, who will be to you as native citizens among the sons of Israel. They will obtain an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. |
native citizens ← a native.
obtain ← fall in. |
| Ezek 47:23 | וְהָיָ֣ה בַשֵּׁ֔בֶט אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥ר הַגֵּ֖ר אִתּ֑וֹ שָׁ֚ם תִּתְּנ֣וּ נַחֲלָת֔וֹ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And it will come to pass that in whatever tribe where the foreigner is resident with them, there you will give him his inheritance, says the Lord, the Lord. | them ← it, referring to the tribe collectively. |
| Ezek 48:1 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים מִקְצֵ֣ה צָפ֡וֹנָה אֶל־יַ֣ד דֶּֽרֶךְ־חֶתְלֹ֣ן ׀ לְֽבוֹא־חֲמָ֡ת חֲצַ֣ר עֵינָן֩ גְּב֨וּל דַּמֶּ֤שֶׂק צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ אֶל־יַ֣ד חֲמָ֔ת וְהָיוּ־ל֧וֹ פְאַת־קָדִ֛ים הַיָּ֖ם דָּ֥ן אֶחָֽד׃ | And these are the names of the tribes, from the northern extremity at the course of the road to Hethlon, at the approach to Hamath and to Hazar-Enan and to the border of Damascus in the north, to the side of Hamath. Now Dan will have – from east to west – one section. |
course ... side ← hand ... hand, but also side, place.
in the north ← towards the north. |
| Ezek 48:2 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל דָּ֗ן מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ים עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה אָשֵׁ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Dan, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Asher. | |
| Ezek 48:3 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל אָשֵׁ֗ר מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ימָה וְעַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה נַפְתָּלִ֥י אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Asher, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Naphtali. | |
| Ezek 48:4 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל נַפְתָּלִ֗י מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛מָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Naphtali, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Manasseh. | |
| Ezek 48:5 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛מָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה אֶפְרַ֥יִם אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Manasseh, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Ephraim. | |
| Ezek 48:6 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל אֶפְרַ֗יִם מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ים וְעַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה רְאוּבֵ֥ן אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Ephraim, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Reuben. | |
| Ezek 48:7 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל רְאוּבֵ֗ן מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ים עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה יְהוּדָ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Reuben, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Judah. | |
| Ezek 48:8 | וְעַל֙ גְּב֣וּל יְהוּדָ֔ה מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֖ים עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֑מָּה תִּהְיֶ֣ה הַתְּרוּמָ֣ה אֲֽשֶׁר־תָּרִ֡ימוּ חֲמִשָּׁה֩ וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים אֶ֜לֶף רֹ֗חַב וְאֹ֜רֶךְ כְּאַחַ֤ד הַחֲלָקִים֙ מִפְּאַ֤ת קָדִ֙ימָה֙ עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֔מָּה וְהָיָ֥ה הַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And at the border with Judah, from the eastern side to the western side, there will be the section for the heave-offering which you shall make. It is twenty-five thousand units in width, and its length is the same as each of the sections from the eastern side to the western side, and the sanctuary will be in the middle of it. |
make ← raise.
units: see Ezek 45:1. Applicable throughout the chapter. each ← one. |
| Ezek 48:9 | הַתְּרוּמָ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּרִ֖ימוּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֹ֗רֶךְ חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְרֹ֖חַב עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | The heave-offering section which you shall make to the Lord is of length twenty-five thousand units, and its width is ten thousand units. | make ← raise. |
| Ezek 48:10 | וּ֠לְאֵ֜לֶּה תִּהְיֶ֣ה תְרֽוּמַת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ֮ לַכֹּֽהֲנִים֒ צָפ֜וֹנָה חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים אֶ֗לֶף וְיָ֙מָּה֙ רֹ֚חַב עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֔ים וְקָדִ֗ימָה רֹ֚חַב עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֔ים וְנֶ֕גְבָּה אֹ֕רֶךְ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וְהָיָ֥ה מִקְדַּשׁ־יְהוָ֖ה בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And it is for these that the holy heave-offering section is: the priests. To the north it is twenty-five thousand units long, and to the west its width is ten thousand units, and to the east its width is ten thousand units, and to the south its length is twenty-five thousand units, and the sanctuary of the Lord shall be in the middle of it. | |
| Ezek 48:11 | לַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים הַֽמְקֻדָּשׁ֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י צָד֔וֹק אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמְר֖וּ מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֑י אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תָע֗וּ בִּתְעוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּע֖וּ הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ ס | It is for the priests, who are sanctified, from the sons of Zadok, who kept my charge, who did not go astray when the sons of Israel went astray, as when the Levites went astray. | |
| Ezek 48:12 | וְהָיְתָ֨ה לָהֶ֧ם תְּרוּמִיָּ֛ה מִתְּרוּמַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָדָשִׁ֑ים אֶל־גְּב֖וּל הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And they will have the heave-offering section on account of the heave-offering of the land as a holy of holies, extending to the border of the Levites. | |
| Ezek 48:13 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֗ם לְעֻמַּת֙ גְּב֣וּל הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְרֹ֖חַב עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֑ים כָּל־אֹ֗רֶךְ חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְרֹ֖חַב עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | And the Levites will be adjoining the border of the priests in a region twenty-five thousand units in length and ten thousand units in width. The whole length is twenty-five thousand units and the width is ten thousand units. | |
| Ezek 48:14 | וְלֹא־יִמְכְּר֣וּ מִמֶּ֗נּוּ וְלֹ֥א יָמֵ֛ר וְלֹ֥א *יעבור **יַעֲבִ֖יר רֵאשִׁ֣ית הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה׃ | And they shall not sell any of it, nor exchange it, nor {Q: shall anyone remove the firstfruits of the land} [K: shall the firstfruits of the land be moved], for they are holy to the Lord. |
exchange: discordant in number or regroup the letters with the vav following.
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, and the ketiv is discordant. |
| Ezek 48:15 | וַחֲמֵ֨שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֜ים הַנּוֹתָ֣ר בָּרֹ֗חַב עַל־פְּנֵ֨י חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף חֹֽל־ה֣וּא לָעִ֔יר לְמוֹשָׁ֖ב וּלְמִגְרָ֑שׁ וְהָיְתָ֥ה הָעִ֖יר *בתוכה **בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And the five thousand units which remain in the width out of the twenty-five thousand units is to be secular for the city, as a residential area and as common land, and the city will be in the middle of it. |
it: the ketiv is feminine, generalizing; the qeré agrees with common land.
which remain: i.e. after the two ten thousand unit lengths of Ezek 48:18. |
| Ezek 48:16 | וְאֵלֶּה֮ מִדּוֹתֶיהָ֒ פְּאַ֣ת צָפ֗וֹן חֲמֵ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּפְאַת־נֶ֕גֶב חֲמֵ֥שׁ *חמש מֵא֖וֹת וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת אֲלָפִ֑ים וּמִפְּאַ֣ת קָדִ֗ים חֲמֵ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּפְאַת־יָ֕מָּה חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וְאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | And these are the dimensions of the city. The northern side is four thousand five hundred units long, and the southern side is four thousand {Q: five} [K: five, five] hundred units long, and on the eastern side it is four thousand five hundred units wide, and the western side is four thousand five hundred units wide. |
dimensions ← measurements.
the city ← it, feminine, in agreement. |
| Ezek 48:17 | וְהָיָ֣ה מִגְרָשׁ֮ לָעִיר֒ צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתַ֔יִם וְנֶ֖גְבָּה חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם וְקָדִ֙ימָה֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתַ֔יִם וְיָ֖מָּה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | And there will be common land belonging to the city to the north, two hundred and fifty units long, and to the south, two hundred and fifty units long, and to the east, two hundred and fifty units wide, and to the west, two hundred and fifty units wide. | This verse describes a thin strip two hundred and fifty units wide surrounding the city. |
| Ezek 48:18 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֨ר בָּאֹ֜רֶךְ לְעֻמַּ֣ת ׀ תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֤ים קָדִ֙ימָה֙ וַעֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ יָ֔מָּה וְהָיָ֕ה לְעֻמַּ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְהָיְתָ֤ה *תבואתה **תְבֽוּאָתוֹ֙ לְלֶ֔חֶם לְעֹבְדֵ֖י הָעִֽיר׃ | And the rest of the length appertaining to the holy heave-offering section is ten thousand units to the east, and ten thousand units to the west, and it appertains to the holy heave-offering section. And its produce shall be food for the workers in the city. |
its produce: the pronominal suffix in the ketiv is feminine, perhaps generalising; the qeré is masculine, referring to rest.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. in the city ← of the city. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ezek 48:19 | וְהָעֹבֵ֖ד הָעִ֑יר יַעַבְד֕וּהוּ מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the workers in the city, they shall be from every tribe of Israel doing work in it. | workers ← worker, but followed by a plural verb. |
| Ezek 48:20 | כָּל־הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף רְבִיעִ֗ית תָּרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ אֶל־אֲחֻזַּ֖ת הָעִֽיר׃ | The whole heave-offering section is twenty-five thousand units long by twenty-five thousand units. You shall offer the holy heave-offering in a square within the territory of the city. |
offer ← raise.
holy heave-offering ← heave-offering of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. territory: see Ezek 44:28. |
| Ezek 48:21 | וְהַנּוֹתָ֣ר לַנָּשִׂ֣יא מִזֶּ֣ה ׀ וּמִזֶּ֣ה ׀ לִתְרֽוּמַת־הַקֹּ֣דֶשׁ וְלַאֲחֻזַּ֪ת הָעִ֟יר אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י חֲמִשָּׁה֩ וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים אֶ֥לֶף ׀ תְּרוּמָה֮ עַד־גְּב֣וּל קָדִימָה֒ וְיָ֗מָּה עַל־פְּ֠נֵי חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ עַל־גְּב֣וּל יָ֔מָּה לְעֻמַּ֥ת חֲלָקִ֖ים לַנָּשִׂ֑יא וְהָֽיְתָה֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ הַבַּ֖יִת *בתוכה **בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃ | And the remainder is for the prince, on each side of the holy heave-offering section. And as for the territory of the city, alongside the twenty-five thousand units width of the heave-offering section to the border on the east, and to the west, alongside the twenty-five thousand units width to the border on the west, it appertains to the prince's apportionments. So it will be a holy heave-offering section, and the sanctuary of the house will be in the middle of it. |
the middle of it: the “it” is feminine in the ketiv. Compare Ezek 48:18.
territory: see Ezek 44:28. alongside (2x): the remainder flanks the central holy area. it appertains ← (is) alongside. |
| Ezek 48:22 | וּמֵאֲחֻזַּ֤ת הַלְוִיִּם֙ וּמֵאֲחֻזַּ֣ת הָעִ֔יר בְּת֛וֹךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַנָּשִׂ֖יא יִֽהְיֶ֑ה בֵּ֣ין ׀ גְּב֣וּל יְהוּדָ֗ה וּבֵין֙ גְּב֣וּל בִּנְיָמִ֔ן לַנָּשִׂ֖יא יִהְיֶֽה׃ | So part of the territory of the Levites and part of the territory of the city will be enclosed by what belongs to the prince. The remainder of the section between the border with Judah and the border with Benjamin will be for the prince. |
territory (2x): see Ezek 44:28.
enclosed by ← within. |
| Ezek 48:23 | וְיֶ֖תֶר הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ימָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה בִּנְיָמִ֥ן אֶחָֽד׃ | As for the rest of the tribes, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Benjamin. | |
| Ezek 48:24 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל בִּנְיָמִ֗ן מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ימָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה שִׁמְע֥וֹן אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Benjamin, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Simeon. | |
| Ezek 48:25 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל שִׁמְע֗וֹן מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ימָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה יִשָׂשכָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Simeon, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Issachar. | |
| Ezek 48:26 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל יִשָׂשכָ֗ר מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛ימָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה זְבוּלֻ֥ן אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Issachar, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Zebulun. | |
| Ezek 48:27 | וְעַ֣ל ׀ גְּב֣וּל זְבוּלֻ֗ן מִפְּאַ֥ת קָדִ֛מָה עַד־פְּאַת־יָ֖מָּה גָּ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ | And at the border with Zebulun, from the eastern side to the western side, there is one section for Gad. | |
| Ezek 48:28 | וְעַל֙ גְּב֣וּל גָּ֔ד אֶל־פְּאַ֖ת נֶ֣גֶב תֵּימָ֑נָה וְהָיָ֨ה גְב֜וּל מִתָּמָ֗ר מֵ֚י מְרִיבַ֣ת קָדֵ֔שׁ נַחֲלָ֖ה עַל־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ | And as for the border with Gad, on the southern side, the border shall be from Tamar to the water of Meribah of Kadesh, and to the torrent going to the Great Sea. |
southern ← south southward.
torrent: see next verse. the Great Sea: i.e. the Mediterranean. |
| Ezek 48:29 | זֹ֥את הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּפִּ֥ילוּ מִֽנַּחֲלָ֖ה לְשִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מַחְלְקוֹתָ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ | This is the land which you will allocate by lot to the tribes of Israel according to their inheritance, and these are their apportionments, says the Lord, the Lord. | lot: a homonym with torrent in Ezek 48:28, but without special significance (?). |
| Ezek 48:30 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה תּוֹצְאֹ֣ת הָעִ֑יר מִפְּאַ֣ת צָפ֔וֹן חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת וְאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים מִדָּֽה׃ | And these are the city exits. Along the north side, which is four thousand five hundred units in length | length ← measurement. The city is actually square (Ezek 48:16). |
| Ezek 48:31 | וְשַׁעֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֗יר עַל־שְׁמוֹת֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁעָרִ֥ים שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה צָפ֑וֹנָה שַׁ֣עַר רְאוּבֵ֞ן אֶחָ֗ד שַׁ֤עַר יְהוּדָה֙ אֶחָ֔ד שַׁ֥עַר לֵוִ֖י אֶחָֽד׃ | – for the gates of the city are according to the names of the tribes of Israel – three gates in the north: one gate of Reuben, one gate of Judah, one gate of Levi; | |
| Ezek 48:32 | וְאֶל־פְּאַ֣ת קָדִ֗ימָה חֲמֵ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה וְשַׁ֨עַר יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶחָ֗ד שַׁ֤עַר בִּנְיָמִן֙ אֶחָ֔ד שַׁ֥עַר דָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד׃ | and on the eastern side, which is four thousand five hundred units in width, with three gates: with one gate of Joseph, one gate of Benjamin, one gate of Dan; | |
| Ezek 48:33 | וּפְאַת־נֶ֗גְבָּה חֲמֵ֨שׁ מֵא֜וֹת וְאַרְבַּ֤עַת אֲלָפִים֙ מִדָּ֔ה וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה שַׁ֣עַר שִׁמְע֞וֹן אֶחָ֗ד שַׁ֤עַר יִשָּׂשכָר֙ אֶחָ֔ד שַׁ֥עַר זְבוּלֻ֖ן אֶחָֽד׃ | and on southern side, which is four thousand five hundred units in length, with three gates: one gate of Simeon, one gate of Issachar, one gate of Zebulun; | length ← measurement. |
| Ezek 48:34 | פְּאַת־יָ֗מָּה חֲמֵ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבַּ֣עַת אֲלָפִ֔ים שַֽׁעֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה שַׁ֣עַר גָּ֞ד אֶחָ֗ד שַׁ֤עַר אָשֵׁר֙ אֶחָ֔ד שַׁ֥עַר נַפְתָּלִ֖י אֶחָֽד׃ | and on the western side, which is four thousand five hundred units in width, three gates: one gate of Gad, one gate of Asher, one gate of Naphtali. | three gates ← their three gates. |
| Ezek 48:35 | סָבִ֕יב שְׁמֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף וְשֵׁם־הָעִ֥יר מִיּ֖וֹם יְהוָ֥ה ׀ שָֽׁמָּה׃ | The perimeter is eighteen thousand units, and the name of the city from that day shall be The Lord Is There.’ ” | eighteen thousand: four sides of 4500 (see preceding five verses). |
| Hos 1:1 | דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ בֶּן־בְּאֵרִ֔י בִּימֵ֨י עֻזִּיָּ֥ה יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבִימֵ֛י יָרָבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | This is the word of the Lord which came to Hosea the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, the king of Israel. |
came ← became.
Hosea ← Hoshea, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Hos 1:2 | תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבֶּר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַ פ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לֵ֣ךְ קַח־לְךָ֞ אֵ֤שֶׁת זְנוּנִים֙ וְיַלְדֵ֣י זְנוּנִ֔ים כִּֽי־זָנֹ֤ה תִזְנֶה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | This is the beginning of the word of the Lord through Hosea. And the Lord said to Hosea, “Go, take a wife of prostitution and children of prostitution, for the land has thoroughly committed prostitution in departing from following the Lord.” |
take ← take to yourself.
thoroughly committed prostitution: infinitive absolute. in departing from following ← from after. |
| Hos 1:3 | וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיִּקַּ֔ח אֶת־גֹּ֖מֶר בַּת־דִּבְלָ֑יִם וַתַּ֥הַר וַתֵּֽלֶד־ל֖וֹ בֵּֽן׃ | So he went and took Gomer, the daughter of Diblaim. And she conceived and bore him a son. | |
| Hos 1:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו קְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יִזְרְעֶ֑אל כִּי־ע֣וֹד מְעַ֗ט וּפָ֨קַדְתִּ֜י אֶת־דְּמֵ֤י יִזְרְעֶאל֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יֵה֔וּא וְהִ֨שְׁבַּתִּ֔י מַמְלְכ֖וּת בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord said to him, “Call him Jezreel, for in just a little while, I will visit the blood of Jezreel on the house of Jehu, and I will put an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel. | Jezreel (2x): see Josh 15:56. |
| Hos 1:5 | וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְשָֽׁבַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־קֶ֣שֶׁת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that I will break the bow of Israel in the Valley of Jezreel.” | Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Hos 1:6 | וַתַּ֤הַר עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בַּ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ קְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ לֹ֣א רֻחָ֑מָה כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אוֹסִ֜יף ע֗וֹד אֲרַחֵם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נָשֹׂ֥א אֶשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃ | Then she conceived again and bore a daughter, and he said to him, “Call her Lo-Ruhamah, for I will not have compassion any more on the house of Israel, for I will utterly carry them away. |
1 Pet 2:10.
utterly carry: infinitive absolute. |
| Hos 1:7 | וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוּדָה֙ אֲרַחֵ֔ם וְהֽוֹשַׁעְתִּ֖ים בַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א אֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֗ם בְּקֶ֤שֶׁת וּבְחֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְמִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּסוּסִ֖ים וּבְפָרָשִֽׁים׃ | But on the house of Judah I will have compassion, and I will deliver them through the Lord their God, but I will not deliver them through the bow or sword or war, or through horses or through horsemen.” | |
| Hos 1:8 | וַתִּגְמֹ֖ל אֶת־לֹ֣א רֻחָ֑מָה וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּֽן׃ | And she weaned Lo-Ruhamah, then she conceived and bore a son. | |
| Hos 1:9 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר קְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֑י כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹֽא־אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ ס | And he said, “Call him Lo-Ammi, because you will not be my people, and I will not belong to you. |
Rom 9:25.
belong ← be. |
| Hos 2:1 Hos 1:10AV |
וְֽ֠הָיָה מִסְפַּ֤ר בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כְּח֣וֹל הַיָּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יִמַּ֖ד וְלֹ֣א יִסָּפֵ֑ר וְֽ֠הָיָה בִּמְק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֵאָמֵ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לֹֽא־עַמִּ֣י אַתֶּ֔ם יֵאָמֵ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י אֵֽל־חָֽי׃ | And the number of the sons of Israel will be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured and cannot be counted, and it will come to pass that in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people’, it will be said to them, ‘You are the sons of the living God.’ | Rom 9:25, Rom 9:26, 1 Pet 2:10, Rev 21:3. |
| Hos 2:2 Hos 1:11AV |
וְ֠נִקְבְּצוּ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה וּבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְשָׂמ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם רֹ֥אשׁ אֶחָ֖ד וְעָל֣וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י גָד֖וֹל י֥וֹם יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ | And the sons of Judah and the sons of Israel will be gathered together, and they will appoint for themselves one head, and they will come up from the land, for great will be the day of Jezreel. | Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Hos 2:3 Hos 2:1AV |
אִמְר֥וּ לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם עַמִּ֑י וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם רֻחָֽמָה׃ | Say to your brothers, ‘Ammi’, and to your sisters, ‘Ruhamah.’ |
1 Pet 2:10.
Ammi ← my people. Ruhamah ← receiving compassion. |
| Hos 2:4 Hos 2:2AV |
רִ֤יבוּ בְאִמְּכֶם֙ רִ֔יבוּ כִּֽי־הִיא֙ לֹ֣א אִשְׁתִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֣א אִישָׁ֑הּ וְתָסֵ֤ר זְנוּנֶ֙יהָ֙ מִפָּנֶ֔יה וְנַאֲפוּפֶ֖יהָ מִבֵּ֥ין שָׁדֶֽיהָ׃ |
Contend with your mother, contend with her, For she is not my wife, And I am not her husband. And let her put her prostitution away, And her adulteries from between her breasts, |
prostitution ← prostitutions.
away ← away from before her. |
| Hos 2:5 Hos 2:3AV |
פֶּן־אַפְשִׁיטֶ֣נָּה עֲרֻמָּ֔ה וְהִ֨צַּגְתִּ֔יהָ כְּי֖וֹם הִוָּֽלְדָ֑הּ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣יהָ כַמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְשַׁתִּ֙הָ֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֔ה וַהֲמִתִּ֖יהָ בַּצָּמָֽא׃ |
Lest I strip her naked And make her like the day she was born, And I make her like a desert, And I make her like a dry land, And I kill her through thirst, |
make ... make ... make: Hebrew has three different words; it's our English that is otiose here.
a desert ← the desert. Idiomatic use of the generic article. See [ABD] §12 2(b)i. |
| Hos 2:6 Hos 2:4AV |
וְאֶת־בָּנֶ֖יהָ לֹ֣א אֲרַחֵ֑ם כִּֽי־בְנֵ֥י זְנוּנִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃ |
And I do not have compassion on her sons, Because they are the sons of prostitution, |
prostitution ← prostitutions. |
| Hos 2:7 Hos 2:5AV |
כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם הֹבִ֖ישָׁה הֽוֹרָתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֤י מְאַהֲבַי֙ נֹתְנֵ֤י לַחְמִי֙ וּמֵימַ֔י צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י שַׁמְנִ֖י וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃ |
For their mother has committed prostitution. She acted shamefully when she conceived them, For she said, ‘I will go after my lovers, Who give me my bread and my water, My wool and my flax, My oil and my drink.’ |
bread ... water: standing for all kinds of food and drink. |
| Hos 2:8 Hos 2:6AV |
לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃ |
Therefore I am about to hedge your way in with thorns And put up her walling, And she will not find her paths. |
I am about to ← behold me.
put up her walling ← “wall” her wall. |
| Hos 2:9 Hos 2:7AV |
וְרִדְּפָ֤ה אֶת־מְאַהֲבֶ֙יהָ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשִּׂ֣יג אֹתָ֔ם וּבִקְשָׁ֖תַם וְלֹ֣א תִמְצָ֑א וְאָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֤ה וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אִישִׁ֣י הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לִ֛י אָ֖ז מֵעָֽתָּה׃ |
And she will pursue her lovers, But she will not catch up with them, And she will seek them But will not find them, And she will say, ‘Let me go, And I will return to my first husband, For it was better with me then than now.’ |
|
| Hos 2:10 Hos 2:8AV |
וְהִיא֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְעָ֔ה כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔הּ הַדָּגָ֖ן וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֑ר וְכֶ֨סֶף הִרְבֵּ֥יתִי לָ֛הּ וְזָהָ֖ב עָשׂ֥וּ לַבָּֽעַל׃ |
For she did not know that it was I Who gave her her corn and new wine and new oil, And who increased her silver and gold, Which they fashioned for Baal. |
|
| Hos 2:11 Hos 2:9AV |
לָכֵ֣ן אָשׁ֔וּב וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י דְגָנִי֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ וְתִירוֹשִׁ֖י בְּמֽוֹעֲד֑וֹ וְהִצַּלְתִּי֙ צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י לְכַסּ֖וֹת אֶת־עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃ |
That is why I will take my corn back again on its day, And my new wine in its season, And I will recall my wool and my flax, Which were used to cover her nakedness. |
day ← time.
recall ← take / snatch away. |
| Hos 2:12 Hos 2:10AV |
וְעַתָּ֛ה אֲגַלֶּ֥ה אֶת־נַבְלֻתָ֖הּ לְעֵינֵ֣י מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹֽא־יַצִּילֶ֥נָּה מִיָּדִֽי׃ |
And now I will reveal her obscenity In the eyes of her lovers, And no-one will be able to deliver her from my hand. |
|
| Hos 2:13 Hos 2:11AV |
וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃ |
And I will put a stop to all her rejoicing, Her celebration of feasts, Her new moons, and her Sabbaths, And all her festivals. |
feasts ... new moons ... Sabbaths ... festivals ← feast ... new moon ... Sabbath ... festival. |
| Hos 2:14 Hos 2:12AV |
וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֗י גַּפְנָהּ֙ וּתְאֵ֣נָתָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמְרָ֗ה אֶתְנָ֥ה הֵ֙מָּה֙ לִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתְנוּ־לִ֖י מְאַֽהֲבָ֑י וְשַׂמְתִּ֣ים לְיַ֔עַר וַאֲכָלָ֖תַם חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
And I will lay her vines and her fig trees waste, Of which she said, ‘They are my reward which my lovers gave me.’ And I will make them a woodland, And the beasts of the field will devour them. |
vines ... fig trees ← vine ... fig tree. |
| Hos 2:15 Hos 2:13AV |
וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י עָלֶ֗יהָ אֶת־יְמֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּקְטִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וַתַּ֤עַד נִזְמָהּ֙ וְחֶלְיָתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֣י מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ וְאֹתִ֥י שָׁכְחָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And I will visit on her the days of the Baalim, When she burnt incense to them And adorned herself with her earring and her necklace And went after her lovers, But she forgot me, Says the Lord. |
|
| Hos 2:16 Hos 2:14AV |
לָכֵ֗ן הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ מְפַתֶּ֔יהָ וְהֹֽלַכְתִּ֖יהָ הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְדִבַּרְתִּ֖י עַל לִבָּֽהּ׃ |
So look, I will allure her And make her go to the desert Where I will speak kindly to her. |
where: wider use of the vav.
speak kindly to her ← to her heart. |
| Hos 2:17 Hos 2:15AV |
וְנָתַ֨תִּי לָ֤הּ אֶת־כְּרָמֶ֙יהָ֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְאֶת־עֵ֥מֶק עָכ֖וֹר לְפֶ֣תַח תִּקְוָ֑ה וְעָ֤נְתָה שָּׁ֙מָּה֙ כִּימֵ֣י נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וִּכְי֖וֹם עֲלֹתָ֥הּ מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ ס |
And I will give her back her vineyards When she comes from there, And the Valley of Achor as a door of hope. And she will sing there, as in the days of her youth, And as on the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt. |
|
| Hos 2:18 Hos 2:16AV |
וְהָיָ֤ה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה תִּקְרְאִ֖י אִישִׁ֑י וְלֹֽא־תִקְרְאִי־לִ֥י ע֖וֹד בַּעְלִֽי׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day, Says the Lord, That you will call me, ‘My husband’, And you will no longer call me, ‘My Baal’. |
my Baal: a play on words, with the meanings my husband / owner / lord or my Baal. |
| Hos 2:19 Hos 2:17AV |
וַהֲסִרֹתִ֛י אֶת־שְׁמ֥וֹת הַבְּעָלִ֖ים מִפִּ֑יהָ וְלֹֽא־יִזָּכְר֥וּ ע֖וֹד בִּשְׁמָֽם׃ |
And I will remove the names of the Baalim from her mouth, And they will no longer be remembered by their name. |
|
| Hos 2:20 Hos 2:18AV |
וְכָרַתִּ֨י לָהֶ֤ם בְּרִית֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא עִם־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וְעִם־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וְקֶ֨שֶׁת וְחֶ֤רֶב וּמִלְחָמָה֙ אֶשְׁבּ֣וֹר מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִשְׁכַּבְתִּ֖ים לָבֶֽטַח׃ |
I will make a covenant with them on that day, With the wild animals and with the birds of the sky, And the creeping things of the ground, And I will break the bow and sword, and war from the land, And I will enable them to lie down in security. |
wild animals ← animal of the field. |
| Hos 2:21 Hos 2:19AV |
וְאֵרַשְׂתִּ֥יךְ לִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם וְאֵרַשְׂתִּ֥יךְ לִי֙ בְּצֶ֣דֶק וּבְמִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּבְחֶ֖סֶד וּֽבְרַחֲמִֽים׃ |
And I will betroth you to myself for an age-abiding marriage, And I will betroth you to myself in righteousness and in judgment, And in kindness and in compassion. |
|
| Hos 2:22 Hos 2:20AV |
וְאֵרַשְׂתִּ֥יךְ לִ֖י בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑ה וְיָדַ֖עַתְּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I will betroth you to myself in faithfulness, And you will know the Lord. |
|
| Hos 2:23 Hos 2:21AV |
וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא אֶֽעֱנֶה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אֶעֱנֶ֖ה אֶת־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְהֵ֖ם יַעֲנ֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That I will answer, Says the Lord. I will answer the heavens, And they will answer the earth. |
|
| Hos 2:24 Hos 2:22AV |
וְהָאָ֣רֶץ תַּעֲנֶ֔ה אֶת־הַדָּגָ֖ן וְאֶת־הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְאֶת־הַיִּצְהָ֑ר וְהֵ֖ם יַעֲנ֥וּ אֶֽת־יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ |
And the earth will answer the corn, And the new wine and the new oil, And they will answer Jezreel. |
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. |
| Hos 2:25 Hos 2:23AV |
וּזְרַעְתִּ֤יהָ לִּי֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְרִֽחַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־לֹ֣א רֻחָ֑מָה וְאָמַרְתִּ֤י לְלֹֽא־עַמִּי֙ עַמִּי־אַ֔תָּה וְה֖וּא יֹאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽי׃ פ |
And I will sow her to myself in the land, And I will have compassion on Lo-Ruhamah, And I will say to Lo-Ammi, ‘You are my people’, And he will say, ‘You are my God.’ ” |
Rom 9:26, 2 Cor 6:16.
he: the man standing for the entire people. |
| Hos 3:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ע֚וֹד לֵ֣ךְ אֱֽהַב־אִשָּׁ֔ה אֲהֻ֥בַת רֵ֖עַ וּמְנָאָ֑פֶת כְּאַהֲבַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהֵ֗ם פֹּנִים֙ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י אֲשִׁישֵׁ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃ | Then the Lord said to me, “Go again and make love to a woman who is loved by a friend, but who is adulterous, just as the Lord loves the sons of Israel, but they are turning to other gods, and they love cakes of raisins.” | cakes of raisins ← cakes of grapes. AV differs (flagons of wine). |
| Hos 3:2 | וָאֶכְּרֶ֣הָ לִּ֔י בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר כָּ֑סֶף וְחֹ֥מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֖ים וְלֵ֥תֶךְ שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ | So I bought her for fifteen pieces of silver and a homer of barley and a lethek of barley. |
homer: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres.
lethek: half a homer, so about 30 imperial gallons or 135 litres. |
| Hos 3:3 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יהָ יָמִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ תֵּ֣שְׁבִי לִ֔י לֹ֣א תִזְנִ֔י וְלֹ֥א תִֽהְיִ֖י לְאִ֑ישׁ וְגַם־אֲנִ֖י אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ | And I said to her, “Remain with me for many days, and do not commit prostitution. So do not have a relationship with any man, because after all, I myself will be for you.” | have a relationship with ← be to. |
| Hos 3:4 | כִּ֣י ׀ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֥ין מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֵ֣ין שָׂ֔ר וְאֵ֥ין זֶ֖בַח וְאֵ֣ין מַצֵּבָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין אֵפ֖וֹד וּתְרָפִֽים׃ | For the sons of Israel will remain many days with no king and no prince, and no sacrifice and no pillar and no ephod or household gods. |
pillar: some form of memorial or idolatrous statue; compare Ex 24:4 and 2 Ki 3:2.
household gods ← teraphim. Compare Gen 31:19. |
| Hos 3:5 | אַחַ֗ר יָשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבִקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת דָּוִ֣ד מַלְכָּ֑ם וּפָחֲד֧וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה וְאֶל־טוּב֖וֹ בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ | But afterwards the sons of Israel will return and seek the Lord their God and David their king, and they will fear the Lord and his goodness in the latter days. | |
| Hos 4:1 | שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Hear the word of the Lord, You sons of Israel, For the Lord has a quarrel With the inhabitants of the land. For there is no truth, And there is no mercy, And there is no knowledge of God in the land. |
|
| Hos 4:2 | אָלֹ֣ה וְכַחֵ֔שׁ וְרָצֹ֥חַ וְגָנֹ֖ב וְנָאֹ֑ף פָּרָ֕צוּ וְדָמִ֥ים בְּדָמִ֖ים נָגָֽעוּ׃ |
They burst out in cursing and lying And murder and stealing and adultery, And they strike with bloodshed upon bloodshed. |
cursing ... lying ... murder ... stealing ... adultery: all infinitive absolute used gerundially.
they strike: AV differs (blood toucheth). |
| Hos 4:3 | עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֻמְלַל֙ כָּל־יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ בְּחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם יֵאָסֵֽפוּ׃ |
That is why the earth will mourn, And every inhabitant of it will languish, Among the wild animals And among the birds of the sky. And also the fish of the sea will perish. |
perish ← be gathered, i.e. with their deceased ancestors. |
| Hos 4:4 | אַ֥ךְ אִ֛ישׁ אַל־יָרֵ֖ב וְאַל־יוֹכַ֣ח אִ֑ישׁ וְעַמְּךָ֖ כִּמְרִיבֵ֥י כֹהֵֽן׃ |
But let no-one quarrel And no-one contend, For your people are like those who contend with the priest. |
We take the second אִישׁ as the subject of יוֹכַח; AV differs, taking it as the object (yet let no man strive, nor reprove another). |
| Hos 4:5 | וְכָשַׁלְתָּ֣ הַיּ֔וֹם וְכָשַׁ֧ל גַּם־נָבִ֛יא עִמְּךָ֖ לָ֑יְלָה וְדָמִ֖יתִי אִמֶּֽךָ׃ |
So you will stumble in the daytime, And the prophet will stumble too with you at night, And I will reduce your mother to silence. |
|
| Hos 4:6 | נִדְמ֥וּ עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִ֣י הַדָּ֑עַת כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הַדַּ֣עַת מָאַ֗סְתָּ וְאֶמְאָֽסְאךָ֙ מִכַּהֵ֣ן לִ֔י וַתִּשְׁכַּח֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶשְׁכַּ֥ח בָּנֶ֖יךָ גַּם־אָֽנִי׃ |
My people are reduced to silence for want of knowledge, For you have rejected knowledge, And I have rejected you from officiating as a priest to me. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I for my part will forget your sons. |
since: causal use of the vav.
for my part ← also. |
| Hos 4:7 | כְּרֻבָּ֖ם כֵּ֣ן חָֽטְאוּ־לִ֑י כְּבוֹדָ֖ם בְּקָל֥וֹן אָמִֽיר׃ |
As they increased, They sinned against me. {P: They have exchanged my honour} [M: I will exchange their honour] For dishonour. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= כְּבוֹדִי ... הֵמִירוּ. AV differs, reading the MT. |
| Hos 4:8 | חַטַּ֥את עַמִּ֖י יֹאכֵ֑לוּ וְאֶל־עֲוֺנָ֖ם יִשְׂא֥וּ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
They eat the sin-offering of my people, And they set their affections on iniquity. |
set their affections on iniquity ← lift their soul to their iniquity. |
| Hos 4:9 | וְהָיָ֥ה כָעָ֖ם כַּכֹּהֵ֑ן וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ דְּרָכָ֔יו וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו אָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃ |
And the people and the priest acted in the same way, So I will visit their ways on them, And I will requite them with their own deeds. |
and the people and the priest acted in the same way ← it was as the people so the priest. Compare Isa 24:2. |
| Hos 4:10 | וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔עוּ הִזְנ֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יִפְרֹ֑צוּ כִּֽי־אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה עָזְב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹֽר׃ |
And they will eat, But not be satisfied, And they will commit prostitution But not abound, For they have forsaken the Lord And the keeping of his law. |
the keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Hos 4:11 | זְנ֛וּת וְיַ֥יִן וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יִֽקַּֽח־לֵֽב׃ |
Prostitution and wine and new wine Have taken hold of their heart. |
|
| Hos 4:12 | עַמִּי֙ בְּעֵצ֣וֹ יִשְׁאָ֔ל וּמַקְל֖וֹ יַגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ הִתְעָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֖וּ מִתַּ֥חַת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
My people inquires at its wooden idol, And its stick answers them, For a spirit of prostitution has led them astray, And they commit prostitution Under the eyes of their God. |
|
| Hos 4:13 | עַל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הֶהָרִ֜ים יְזַבֵּ֗חוּ וְעַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת֙ יְקַטֵּ֔רוּ תַּ֣חַת אַלּ֧וֹן וְלִבְנֶ֛ה וְאֵלָ֖ה כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב צִלָּ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְכַלּוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃ |
On the tops of mountains they offer sacrifices, And on the hills they burn incense, Under the oak tree, the white poplar and the terebinth, For its shade is pleasant, Which is why your daughters commit prostitution, And your brides commit adultery. |
which is why: or, perhaps, which (is) how. |
| Hos 4:14 | לֹֽא־אֶפְק֨וֹד עַל־בְּנוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם כִּ֣י תִזְנֶ֗ינָה וְעַל־כַּלּֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ כִּ֣י תְנָאַ֔פְנָה כִּי־הֵם֙ עִם־הַזֹּנ֣וֹת יְפָרֵ֔דוּ וְעִם־הַקְּדֵשׁ֖וֹת יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ וְעָ֥ם לֹֽא־יָבִ֖ין יִלָּבֵֽט׃ |
I will not punish your daughters When they commit prostitution, Or your daughters-in-law When they commit adultery, For the men go aside with prostitutes, And they sacrifice with the harlots. So the people who do not understand will stumble. |
|
| Hos 4:15 | אִם־זֹנֶ֤ה אַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַל־יֶאְשַׁ֖ם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאַל־תָּבֹ֣אוּ הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וְאַֽל־תַּעֲלוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן וְאַל־תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ חַי־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Although you engage in prostitution, O Israel, Don't let Judah become guilty. And do not go to Gilgal, And do not go up to Beth-Aven, And do not swear, “The Lord lives.” |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Hos 4:16 | כִּ֚י כְּפָרָ֣ה סֹֽרֵרָ֔ה סָרַ֖ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ יִרְעֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה כְּכֶ֖בֶשׂ בַּמֶּרְחָֽב׃ |
For Israel is recalcitrant like a recalcitrant heifer, And now the Lord will put them to pasture, Like a lamb in a wide open place. |
|
| Hos 4:17 | חֲב֧וּר עֲצַבִּ֛ים אֶפְרָ֖יִם הַֽנַּֽח־לֽוֹ׃ |
Ephraim is joined to idols; Leave him to it. |
|
| Hos 4:18 | סָ֖ר סָבְאָ֑ם הַזְנֵ֣ה הִזְנ֔וּ אָהֲב֥וּ הֵב֛וּ קָל֖וֹן מָגִנֶּֽיהָ׃ |
Their drinking bout has gone, They have loved committing abundant prostitution; Give them their way. Her princes are a dishonour. |
has gone: AV differs (is sour).
they have loved: AV differs in association of the word (her rulers with shame do love). committing abundant prostitution: infinitive absolute. princes ← shields. But [AnLx], tropically, princes. |
| Hos 4:19 | צָרַ֥ר ר֛וּחַ אוֹתָ֖הּ בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ מִזִּבְחוֹתָֽם ס |
The wind has tied her up in her wings, And they will be ashamed of their sacrifices. |
|
| Hos 5:1 | שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֨את הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּ ׀ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבֵ֤ית הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַאֲזִ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־פַח֙ הֱיִיתֶ֣ם לְמִצְפָּ֔ה וְרֶ֖שֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂ֥ה עַל־תָּבֽוֹר׃ |
Hear this, you priests, And hearken, O house of Israel, And give ear, O royal house, For judgment on you is impending, Because you were a snare to Mizpah And a net spread out over Tabor. |
|
| Hos 5:2 | וְשַׁחֲטָ֥ה שֵׂטִ֖ים הֶעְמִ֑יקוּ וַאֲנִ֖י מוּסָ֥ר לְכֻלָּֽם׃ |
The backsliders had deep designs to slaughter, While I passed censure on all of them. |
|
| Hos 5:3 | אֲנִי֙ יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹֽא־נִכְחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ הִזְנֵ֣יתָ אֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
I know Ephraim, And Israel is not hidden from me, For now you, Ephraim have committed prostitution, And Israel has become unclean. |
|
| Hos 5:4 | לֹ֤א יִתְּנוּ֙ מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔ם וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃ |
They do not make their works fit for returning to their God, For a spirit of prostitution is in their midst, And they do not know the Lord. |
|
| Hos 5:5 | וְעָנָ֥ה גְאֽוֹן־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָנָ֑יו וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וְאֶפְרַ֗יִם יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ֙ בַּעֲוֺנָ֔ם כָּשַׁ֥ל גַּם־יְהוּדָ֖ה עִמָּֽם׃ |
And the pride of Israel will testify to its face, And Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their iniquity, And Judah will stumble too with them. |
|
| Hos 5:6 | בְּצֹאנָ֣ם וּבִבְקָרָ֗ם יֵֽלְכ֛וּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָ֑אוּ חָלַ֖ץ מֵהֶֽם׃ |
They will go and seek the Lord among their sheep and their cattle, But they will not find him. He will have withdrawn from them. |
|
| Hos 5:7 | בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי־בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ ס |
They have dealt treacherously with the Lord, For they have borne sons who are strangers, And now they will be devoured in a month along with their apportioned regions. |
they will be devoured in a month ← a month will devour them. |
| Hos 5:8 | תִּקְע֤וּ שׁוֹפָר֙ בַּגִּבְעָ֔ה חֲצֹצְרָ֖ה בָּרָמָ֑ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ בִּנְיָמִֽין׃ |
Blow the ramshorn in Gibeah And the trumpet in Ramah. Sound the alarm in Beth-Aven. Look behind you, Benjamin. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Hos 5:9 | אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם תּֽוֹכֵחָ֑ה בְּשִׁבְטֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הוֹדַ֖עְתִּי נֶאֱמָנָֽה׃ |
Ephraim will become a desolation on the day of rebuke. Among the tribes of Israel, I have made it known faithfully. |
|
| Hos 5:10 | הָיוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כְּמַסִּיגֵ֖י גְּב֑וּל עֲלֵיהֶ֕ם אֶשְׁפּ֥וֹךְ כַּמַּ֖יִם עֶבְרָתִֽי׃ |
The princes of Judah were like those who moved the boundary. I will pour out my anger on them like water. |
|
| Hos 5:11 | עָשׁ֥וּק אֶפְרַ֖יִם רְצ֣וּץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֣י הוֹאִ֔יל הָלַ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָֽו׃ |
Ephraim is oppressed, Justice has been perverted, For he willingly followed the commandment. |
perverted ← broken.
followed the commandment: of 1 Ki 12:28 etc. [CB]. |
| Hos 5:12 | וַאֲנִ֥י כָעָ֖שׁ לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְכָרָקָ֖ב לְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ |
So I will be like the moth to Ephraim And like rot to the house of Judah. |
|
| Hos 5:13 | וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת־חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת־מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר׃ |
When Ephraim saw his sickness And Judah saw his wound, Ephraim went to Assyria And sent envoys to King Jareb. But he was not able to cure you, And he did not heal your wound. |
|
| Hos 5:14 | כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֤י כַשַּׁ֙חַל֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם וְכַכְּפִ֖יר לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲנִ֨י אֲנִ֤י אֶטְרֹף֙ וְאֵלֵ֔ךְ אֶשָּׂ֖א וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
For I will be like a lion to Ephraim And as a young lion to the house of Judah. I myself will tear to pieces And go, and carry off, And there will be no-one to deliver him. |
|
| Hos 5:15 | אֵלֵ֤ךְ אָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמִ֔י עַ֥ד אֲשֶֽׁר־יֶאְשְׁמ֖וּ וּבִקְשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י בַּצַּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם יְשַׁחֲרֻֽנְנִי׃ |
I will go and return to my place Until they acknowledge their guilt And seek my face. When they are in straits, They will diligently seek me. |
diligently seek ← dawn-seek. |
| Hos 6:1 | לְכוּ֙ וְנָשׁ֣וּבָה אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י ה֥וּא טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵ֑נוּ יַ֖ךְ וְיַחְבְּשֵֽׁנוּ׃ |
“Come, let us return to the Lord, For he tore apart, But he will heal us. He struck, But he will bind us up. |
|
| Hos 6:2 | יְחַיֵּ֖נוּ מִיֹּמָ֑יִם בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י יְקִמֵ֖נוּ וְנִחְיֶ֥ה לְפָנָֽיו׃ |
He will make us alive after two days; On the third day he will raise us up, And we will live in his presence. |
two days ... third day: consider Ps 90:4, 2 Pet 3:8, where a day stands for 1000 years. Could the two days be a Lo-Ammi period from AD 70 to AD 2070, with restoration in the third “day”? |
| Hos 6:3 | וְנֵדְעָ֣ה נִרְדְּפָ֗ה לָדַ֙עַת֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כְּשַׁ֖חַר נָכ֣וֹן מֽוֹצָא֑וֹ וְיָב֤וֹא כַגֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ לָ֔נוּ כְּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ י֥וֹרֶה אָֽרֶץ׃ |
And we will know, saying, ‘Let us follow so as to know the Lord. His rising is like the steady dawn, And he will come like rain on us, Like the late and early rain on the land.’ ” |
|
| Hos 6:4 | מָ֤ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לְּךָ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂה־לְּךָ֖ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְחַסְדְּכֶם֙ כַּֽעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֥ים הֹלֵֽךְ׃ |
What shall I do to you, Ephraim? What shall I do to you, Judah? For the compassion you show Is just as a cloud in the morning, And like the early dew, Which goes away. |
|
| Hos 6:5 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָצַ֙בְתִּי֙ בַּנְּבִיאִ֔ים הֲרַגְתִּ֖ים בְּאִמְרֵי־פִ֑י וּמִשְׁפָּטֶ֖יךָ א֥וֹר יֵצֵֽא׃ |
That is why I have hewn into the prophets; I have killed them by the words of my mouth, And my judgments on you go forth like light. |
prophets: i.e. false prophets here.
my judgments on you: an objective suffix “you”. AV differs, subjective (thy judgments). |
| Hos 6:6 | כִּ֛י חֶ֥סֶד חָפַ֖צְתִּי וְלֹא־זָ֑בַח וְדַ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵעֹלֽוֹת׃ |
For I desired mercy And not sacrifice, And knowledge of God Rather than burnt offerings. |
Matt 9:13, Matt 12:7.
mercy: or kindness. The NT quotes use ἔλεος. |
| Hos 6:7 | וְהֵ֕מָּה כְּאָדָ֖ם עָבְר֣וּ בְרִ֑ית שָׁ֖ם בָּ֥גְדוּ בִֽי׃ |
But they like Adam have transgressed the covenant; There, they dealt treacherously with me. |
Adam: AV differs (men). |
| Hos 6:8 | גִּלְעָ֕ד קִרְיַ֖ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן עֲקֻבָּ֖ה מִדָּֽם׃ |
Gilead is a town of workers of iniquity – A town stained with blood. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Hos 6:9 | וּכְחַכֵּ֨י אִ֜ישׁ גְּדוּדִ֗ים חֶ֚בֶר כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים דֶּ֖רֶךְ יְרַצְּחוּ־שֶׁ֑כְמָה כִּ֥י זִמָּ֖ה עָשֽׂוּ׃ |
And as gangs wait for a man, So is a company of priests. On the road to Shechem they commit murder, For they perpetrate wickedness. |
to Shechem: AV differs (by consent).
wickedness: with connotations of scheming. |
| Hos 6:10 | בְּבֵית֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתִי *שעריריה **שַׁעֲרֽוּרִיָּ֑ה שָׁ֚ם זְנ֣וּת לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing. In that place there is the prostitution of Ephraim. Israel is defiled. |
a horrible thing: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A yod / vav issue. |
| Hos 6:11 | גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה שָׁ֥ת קָצִ֖יר לָ֑ךְ בְּשׁוּבִ֖י שְׁב֥וּת עַמִּֽי׃ פ |
For you also, Judah, He has appointed a reaping time, When I reverse the captivity of my people. |
|
| Hos 7:1 | כְּרָפְאִ֣י לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְנִגְלָ֞ה עֲוֺ֤ן אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וְרָע֣וֹת שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן כִּ֥י פָעֲל֖וּ שָׁ֑קֶר וְגַנָּ֣ב יָב֔וֹא פָּשַׁ֥ט גְּד֖וּד בַּחֽוּץ׃ |
When I heal Israel, The iniquity of Ephraim will be revealed, As will the evil deeds of Samaria. For they have acted falsely, And the thief comes in, And a gang commits robbery in the open. |
|
| Hos 7:2 | וּבַל־יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ לִלְבָבָ֔ם כָּל־רָעָתָ֖ם זָכָ֑רְתִּי עַתָּה֙ סְבָב֣וּם מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם נֶ֥גֶד פָּנַ֖י הָיֽוּ׃ |
And they don't consider That I have remembered all their wrongdoing. Their deeds surround them now; They are before me. |
consider ← say in their heart. |
| Hos 7:3 | בְּרָעָתָ֖ם יְשַׂמְּחוּ־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבְכַחֲשֵׁיהֶ֖ם שָׂרִֽים׃ |
With their evil deeds they pleased the king, And with their falsehood, princes. |
|
| Hos 7:4 | כֻּלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִלּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃ |
They are all adulterers, Like a baker's burning oven. Will he stop stoking it, Or kneading the dough before it is leavened? |
There is no interrogative particle, but an interrogative sense seems to best fit the context. AV differs, translating noninterrogatively (declaratively). |
| Hos 7:5 | י֣וֹם מַלְכֵּ֔נוּ הֶחֱל֥וּ שָׂרִ֖ים חֲמַ֣ת מִיָּ֑יִן מָשַׁ֥ךְ יָד֖וֹ אֶת־לֹצְצִֽים׃ |
On the festival day of our king, The princes made him weak with the intoxication of wine. He stretched out his hand with the scoffers. |
intoxication ← venom, from חֵמָה. Wider use of the construct state, before a preposition, [Ges-HG] §130. AV differs (bottles), re-pointing to חֵמַת from חֵמָת. |
| Hos 7:6 | כִּֽי־קֵרְב֧וּ כַתַּנּ֛וּר לִבָּ֖ם בְּאָרְבָּ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ יָשֵׁ֣ן אֹֽפֵהֶ֔ם בֹּ֕קֶר ה֥וּא בֹעֵ֖ר כְּאֵ֥שׁ לֶהָבָֽה׃ |
For in their plotting they bring their hearts near to an oven. All night their baker sleeps, But in the morning, it burns like a blazing fire. |
plotting ← ambushing.
hearts ← heart. their baker: not from אַף, anger. This verse resumes the analogy of Hos 7:4. |
| Hos 7:7 | כֻּלָּ֤ם יֵחַ֙מּוּ֙ כַּתַּנּ֔וּר וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶ֑ם כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֣ם נָפָ֔לוּ אֵין־קֹרֵ֥א בָהֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ |
They are all as hot as a furnace, And they have devoured their judges. All their kings have fallen; There is no-one among them who calls to me. |
|
| Hos 7:8 | אֶפְרַ֕יִם בָּעַמִּ֖ים ה֣וּא יִתְבּוֹלָ֑ל אֶפְרַ֛יִם הָיָ֥ה עֻגָ֖ה בְּלִ֥י הֲפוּכָֽה׃ |
Ephraim is mixing with the Gentiles; Ephraim is like a cake which wasn't turned over. |
|
| Hos 7:9 | אָכְל֤וּ זָרִים֙ כֹּח֔וֹ וְה֖וּא לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע גַּם־שֵׂיבָה֙ זָ֣רְקָה בּ֔וֹ וְה֖וּא לֹ֥א יָדָֽע׃ |
Strangers have devoured his strength, And he does not realize it. Also grey hair is strewn over him, But he is not aware of it. |
realize ... is ... aware ← know ... knows. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Hos 7:10 | וְעָנָ֥ה גְאֽוֹן־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָנָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֙בוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א בִקְשֻׁ֖הוּ בְּכָל־זֹֽאת׃ |
And the pride of Israel testifies to his face, Yet they do not return to the Lord their God, And for all this they do not seek him. |
|
| Hos 7:11 | וַיְהִ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם כְּיוֹנָ֥ה פוֹתָ֖ה אֵ֣ין לֵ֑ב מִצְרַ֥יִם קָרָ֖אוּ אַשּׁ֥וּר הָלָֽכוּ׃ |
And Ephraim has become like an unsuspecting dove, Without mettle. They call out to Egypt; They go to Assyria. |
mettle ← a heart. |
| Hos 7:12 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵלֵ֗כוּ אֶפְר֤וֹשׂ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ רִשְׁתִּ֔י כְּע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אֽוֹרִידֵ֑ם אַיְסִרֵ֕ם כְּשֵׁ֖מַע לַעֲדָתָֽם׃ ס |
As they go, I will spread my net over them; I will bring them down like the birds of the sky. I will chasten them according to the report of their congregation. |
|
| Hos 7:13 | א֤וֹי לָהֶם֙ כִּֽי־נָדְד֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נִּי שֹׁ֥ד לָהֶ֖ם כִּֽי־פָ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶפְדֵּ֔ם וְהֵ֕מָּה דִּבְּר֥וּ עָלַ֖י כְּזָבִֽים׃ |
Woe to them, For they have wandered away from me. Devastation be upon them, For they have transgressed against me. Although I redeemed them, They nevertheless speak lies about me. |
although ... nevertheless: wider use of the vav, as a concessive conjunction and its correlative adverb. |
| Hos 7:14 | וְלֹֽא־זָעֲק֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בְּלִבָּ֔ם כִּ֥י יְיֵלִ֖ילוּ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָ֑ם עַל־דָּגָ֧ן וְתִיר֛וֹשׁ יִתְגּוֹרָ֖רוּ יָס֥וּרוּ בִֽי׃ |
And they did not call out to me in their heart, For they howled on their couches, Where they congregate for their food and wine. They have departed from me. |
departed: AV differs (rebel), reading יָסוֹרוּ from סָרַר. |
| Hos 7:15 | וַאֲנִ֣י יִסַּ֔רְתִּי חִזַּ֖קְתִּי זְרֽוֹעֹתָ֑ם וְאֵלַ֖י יְחַשְּׁבוּ־רָֽע׃ |
And I chastened them, And I strengthened their arms, Yet they devise wickedness against me. |
|
| Hos 7:16 | יָשׁ֣וּבוּ ׀ לֹ֣א עָ֗ל הָיוּ֙ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּ֔ה יִפְּל֥וּ בַחֶ֛רֶב שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם מִזַּ֣עַם לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם ז֥וֹ לַעְגָּ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
They return, But not to the Most High. They are like an untrustworthy bow. Their princes fall by the sword Because of the insolence of their tongue. This is the cause of them suffering derision in the land of Egypt. |
|
| Hos 8:1 | אֶל־חִכְּךָ֣ שֹׁפָ֔ר כַּנֶּ֖שֶׁר עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה יַ֚עַן עָבְר֣וּ בְרִיתִ֔י וְעַל־תּוֹרָתִ֖י פָּשָֽׁעוּ׃ |
Put the ramshorn to your mouth; War is coming like an eagle against the house of the Lord, Because they have transgressed my covenant And violated my law. |
mouth ← palate. |
| Hos 8:2 | לִ֖י יִזְעָ֑קוּ אֱלֹהַ֥י יְֽדַעֲנ֖וּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
To me they will cry, “We – Israel – know you, O God of mine.” |
|
| Hos 8:3 | זָנַ֥ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ט֑וֹב אוֹיֵ֖ב יִרְדְּֽפוֹ׃ |
Israel has cast off that which is good; The enemy will pursue him. |
|
| Hos 8:4 | הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃ |
They have appointed kings, But not from me; They have appointed princes, But I did not acknowledge it. With their silver and their gold They have made themselves idols, Which is why they will be cut off. |
acknowledge ← know.
which is why: the more common meaning is in order that. Compare Isa 44:9. they will be cut off ← it (i.e. the people) will be cut off. |
| Hos 8:5 | זָנַח֙ עֶגְלֵ֣ךְ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן חָרָ֥ה אַפִּ֖י בָּ֑ם עַד־מָתַ֕י לֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ נִקָּיֹֽן׃ |
He has rejected your calf, Samaria. My anger is kindled against them. How long will they fail to attain to innocence? |
he has rejected your calf: AV differs (thy calf ... hath cast thee off). |
| Hos 8:6 | כִּ֤י מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְה֔וּא חָרָ֣שׁ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים ה֑וּא כִּֽי־שְׁבָבִ֣ים יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עֵ֖גֶל שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ |
For the artificer who made it was from Israel – A man, who is not God. For Samaria's calf will become splinters. |
a man, who is not God: or it (is) not God. The pronoun could refer to the artificer or the calf. |
| Hos 8:7 | כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְסוּפָ֣תָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ קָמָ֣ה אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ צֶ֚מַח בְּלִ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂה־קֶּ֔מַח אוּלַ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה זָרִ֖ים יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ׃ |
For they have sown wind, But they will reap a hurricane. It has no standing corn; It is a shoot without yielding anything By which one can make flour. If perchance it does yield anything, Strangers will swallow it up. |
|
| Hos 8:8 | נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃ |
Israel is swallowed up. Now they are among the Gentiles, Like an item in which there is no pleasure. |
|
| Hos 8:9 | כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים |
For they went to Assyria, Like a wild donkey on its own. And Ephraim hired lovers. |
|
| Hos 8:10 | גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־יִתְנ֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה אֲקַבְּצֵ֑ם וַיָּחֵ֣לּוּ מְּעָ֔ט מִמַּשָּׂ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ שָׂרִֽים׃ |
Even though they have hired lovers among the Gentiles, Now I will gather them, But they will profane themselves for a while, Under the burden of the king of princes. |
will profane themselves: hiphil of חָלַל. The word could theoretically be re-pointed in many stem-formations from חָלַל ,חָלָה ,יָחַל and חוּל. In niphal or pual from חָלַל it reads will be profaned. |
| Hos 8:11 | כִּֽי־הִרְבָּ֥ה אֶפְרַ֛יִם מִזְבְּחֹ֖ת לַחֲטֹ֑א הָיוּ־ל֥וֹ מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לַחֲטֹֽא׃ |
For Ephraim has increased the number of altars With which to sin. They have become altars For him to sin. |
|
| Hos 8:12 | *אכתוב־**אֶ֨כְתָּב־ל֔וֹ *רבו **רֻבֵּ֖י תּֽוֹרָתִ֑י כְּמוֹ־זָ֖ר נֶחְשָֽׁבוּ׃ |
I have written down for him {Q: The great things} [K: The greatness] in my law, But they were considered Something strange. |
I have written down: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
the great things (qeré) ... the greatness (ketiv): a vav / yod issue. |
| Hos 8:13 | זִבְחֵ֣י הַבְהָבַ֗י יִזְבְּח֤וּ בָשָׂר֙ וַיֹּאכֵ֔לוּ יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א רָצָ֑ם עַתָּ֞ה יִזְכֹּ֤ר עֲוֺנָם֙ וְיִפְקֹ֣ד חַטֹּאותָ֔ם הֵ֖מָּה מִצְרַ֥יִם יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃ |
They offer the sacrifices which are gifts to me, And they eat the flesh, But the Lord does not accept them. Now he will remember their iniquity, And he will visit their sins. They will return to Egypt. |
offer ← sacrifice.
the sacrifices which are gifts to me ← the sacrifices of my gifts. An epexegetic genitive. |
| Hos 8:14 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה הִרְבָּ֖ה עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻר֑וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
And Israel has forgotten its maker And has built temples, And Judah has increased its fortified cities. So I shall send fire into its cities, Which will devour her palaces. |
|
| Hos 9:1 | אַל־תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל־גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן׃ |
Do not be pleased, Israel, With rejoicing as the Gentiles do, For you have committed prostitution against your God. You have loved the wages of prostitution On every floor for threshing corn. |
|
| Hos 9:2 | גֹּ֥רֶן וָיֶ֖קֶב לֹ֣א יִרְעֵ֑ם וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יְכַ֥חֶשׁ בָּֽהּ׃ |
The threshing floor and the wine vat will not feed them, And the new wine in the land will fail. |
the land ← it, feminine, but no nearby feminine antecedent. |
| Hos 9:3 | לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
They will not dwell in the Lord's land, And Ephraim will return to Egypt, And he will eat unclean food in Assyria. |
|
| Hos 9:4 | לֹא־יִסְּכ֨וּ לַיהוָ֥ה ׀ יַיִן֮ וְלֹ֣א יֶֽעֶרְבוּ־לוֹ֒ זִבְחֵיהֶ֗ם כְּלֶ֤חֶם אוֹנִים֙ לָהֶ֔ם כָּל־אֹכְלָ֖יו יִטַמָּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־לַחְמָ֣ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ |
They will not pour out wine offerings to the Lord, And they will not be pleasing to him. Their sacrifices will be like mourners' food to them; All who eat it will be defiled. For their bread for their life Will not come into the house of the Lord. |
mourners' ← of sorrow.
life ← soul. |
| Hos 9:5 | מַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְי֣וֹם מוֹעֵ֑ד וּלְי֖וֹם חַג־יְהוָֽה׃ |
What will you do on the festival day, And on a day of the feast of the Lord? |
|
| Hos 9:6 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הָֽלְכוּ֙ מִשֹּׁ֔ד מִצְרַ֥יִם תְּקַבְּצֵ֖ם מֹ֣ף תְּקַבְּרֵ֑ם מַחְמַ֣ד לְכַסְפָּ֗ם קִמּוֹשׂ֙ יִֽירָשֵׁ֔ם ח֖וֹחַ בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
For look, they have departed on account of the devastation. Egypt will gather them, And Memphis will bury them. As for their delightful silver items, Nettles will inherit them, As will thorn bushes in their tents. |
gather them: i.e. to their fathers, in death.
their delightful silver items ← the delight of their silver. as will thorn bushes in their tents: or (and there will be) thorn bushes in their tents. |
| Hos 9:7 | בָּ֣אוּ ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַפְּקֻדָּ֗ה בָּ֚אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַשִׁלֻּ֔ם יֵדְע֖וּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱוִ֣יל הַנָּבִ֗יא מְשֻׁגָּע֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָר֔וּחַ עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנְךָ֔ וְרַבָּ֖ה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה׃ |
The days of visitation are coming, The days of retribution are coming, And Israel will know it. The prophet is a fool; The spiritual man is mad, Because of the abundance of your iniquity And the great enmity. |
Luke 21:22. |
| Hos 9:8 | צֹפֶ֥ה אֶפְרַ֖יִם עִם־אֱלֹהָ֑י נָבִ֞יא פַּ֤ח יָקוֹשׁ֙ עַל־כָּל־דְּרָכָ֔יו מַשְׂטֵמָ֖ה בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ |
Ephraim was a watchman with my God. As for the prophet, The fowler's trap is set on all his ways. There is enmity in the house of his God. |
As for the prophet (etc.): AV differs (also possible). |
| Hos 9:9 | הֶעְמִֽיקוּ־שִׁחֵ֖תוּ כִּימֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֑ה יִזְכּ֣וֹר עֲוֺנָ֔ם יִפְק֖וֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם׃ ס |
They have deeply corrupted their ways, As in the days of Gibeah. He will remember their iniquity; He will visit their sins. |
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| Hos 9:10 | כַּעֲנָבִ֣ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר מָצָ֙אתִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּבִכּוּרָ֤ה בִתְאֵנָה֙ בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּ רָאִ֖יתִי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם הֵ֜מָּה בָּ֣אוּ בַֽעַל־פְּע֗וֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּהְי֥וּ שִׁקּוּצִ֖ים כְּאָהֳבָֽם׃ |
I found Israel like bunches of grapes in the desert; I saw your fathers like early fruit on the fig tree in its early days. But they went to Baal-Peor; They consecrated themselves to a shameful thing And became abominations with their acts of love. |
early days ← beginning.
with their acts of love ← according to their loving. |
| Hos 9:11 | אֶפְרַ֕יִם כָּע֖וֹף יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ף כְּבוֹדָ֑ם מִלֵּדָ֥ה וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן׃ |
Ephraim is like a bird; Their glory has flown away. They are deprived of birth, Of pregnancy, and of conception. |
pregnancy ← womb. |
| Hos 9:12 | כִּ֤י אִם־יְגַדְּלוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖ים מֵֽאָדָ֑ם כִּֽי־גַם־א֥וֹי לָהֶ֖ם בְּשׂוּרִ֥י מֵהֶֽם׃ |
Although they bring up their sons, I will bereave them, Depriving them of a man. For woe indeed to them When I depart from them. |
|
| Hos 9:13 | אֶפְרַ֛יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֥יתִי לְצ֖וֹר שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בְנָוֶ֑ה וְאֶפְרַ֕יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶל־הֹרֵ֖ג בָּנָֽיו׃ |
Ephraim, as what I have seen in Tyre, Was planted in a pasture. But Ephraim is on the point of bringing its sons to the slayer. |
bringing ← bringing out. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Hos 9:14 | תֵּן־לָהֶ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מַה־תִּתֵּ֑ן תֵּן־לָהֶם֙ רֶ֣חֶם מַשְׁכִּ֔יל וְשָׁדַ֖יִם צֹמְקִֽים׃ |
O Lord, give them ... – What will you give them? Give them a miscarrying womb and dried up breasts. |
|
| Hos 9:15 | כָּל־רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל־שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים׃ |
All the wickedness was in Gilgal, For there I hated them, Because of the wickedness of their deeds. I will drive them out of my house, I will no longer love them; All their princes are refractory. |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Hos 9:16 | הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י *בלי־**בַֽל־יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם׃ ס |
Ephraim has been struck, Their root is dried up, And they do not produce fruit. Even if they do bear children, I will kill the delights of their womb. |
not: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Hos 9:17 | יִמְאָסֵ֣ם אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ל֑וֹ וְיִהְי֥וּ נֹדְדִ֖ים בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ ס |
My God has rejected them, For they have not heard him, And they have become wanderers among the Gentiles. |
|
| Hos 10:1 | גֶּ֤פֶן בּוֹקֵק֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל פְּרִ֖י יְשַׁוֶּה־לּ֑וֹ כְּרֹ֣ב לְפִרְי֗וֹ הִרְבָּה֙ לַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת כְּט֣וֹב לְאַרְצ֔וֹ הֵיטִ֖יבוּ מַצֵּבֽוֹת׃ |
Israel is a luxuriant vine; It yields its fruit. But in proportion to the abundance of its fruit, It has increased its altars. In proportion to the goodness of its land, They have been good at erecting idolatrous statues. |
luxuriant: AV differs (empty). See [AnLx] under בָּקַק. |
| Hos 10:2 | חָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃ |
Their heart is divided; Now they will bear their guilt. He will break the necks of their altars; He will devastate their idolatrous statues. |
|
| Hos 10:3 | כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָרֵ֙אנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה־יַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽנוּ׃ |
For they will now say, “We have no king, For we have not feared the Lord”, And, “What would a king do for us?” |
|
| Hos 10:4 | דִּבְּר֣וּ דְבָרִ֔ים אָל֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא כָּרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֑ית וּפָרַ֤ח כָּרֹאשׁ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי׃ |
They have spoken words, Swearing falsely, Making a covenant, So that judgment flourishes like hemlock in the furrows of the field. |
falsely ← falsity. Adverbial use of a noun. |
| Hos 10:5 | לְעֶגְלוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן יָג֖וּרוּ שְׁכַ֣ן שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹן כִּי־אָבַ֨ל עָלָ֜יו עַמּ֗וֹ וּכְמָרָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יָגִ֔ילוּ עַל־כְּבוֹד֖וֹ כִּֽי־גָלָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
The inhabitants of Samaria will fear for the calves of Beth-Aven, For its people shall mourn for it, As will the idolatrous priests who rejoiced over it – Over its glory, Which has departed from it. |
calves: i.e. idolatrous images of (female) calves. |
| Hos 10:6 | גַּם־אוֹתוֹ֙ לְאַשּׁ֣וּר יוּבָ֔ל מִנְחָ֖ה לְמֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב בָּשְׁנָה֙ אֶפְרַ֣יִם יִקָּ֔ח וְיֵב֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעֲצָתֽוֹ׃ |
This too will be carried to Assyria, As a present for King Jareb. Ephraim will receive shame, And Israel will be ashamed because of his counsel. |
|
| Hos 10:7 | נִדְמֶ֥ה שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מַלְכָּ֑הּ כְּקֶ֖צֶף עַל־פְּנֵי־מָֽיִם׃ |
Samaria with her king is reduced to silence, Like foam on the surface of the sea. |
|
| Hos 10:8 | וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת אָ֗וֶן חַטַּאת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ק֣וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֔ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמְר֤וּ לֶֽהָרִים֙ כַּסּ֔וּנוּ וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת נִפְל֥וּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ ס |
And the idolatrous raised sites of Aven will be destroyed. They are Israel's sin. Thorns and brambles will come up on their altars. And they will say to the mountains, “Cover us”, And to the hills, “Fall on us.” |
Luke 23:30, Rev 6:16. |
| Hos 10:9 | מִימֵי֙ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה חָטָ֖אתָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל שָׁ֣ם עָמָ֔דוּ לֹֽא־תַשִּׂיגֵ֧ם בַּגִּבְעָ֛ה מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י עַֽלְוָֽה׃ |
From the days of Gibeah You have sinned, O Israel. There they took a stand. Did not battle befall them in Gibeah Because of the wicked men? |
Gibeah (2x): see Josh 15:57. For the incident, see Judg 19 and 20.
did not: AV differs (not interrogative). wicked men ← sons of iniquity. |
| Hos 10:10 | בְּאַוָּתִ֖י וְאֶסֳּרֵ֑ם וְאֻסְּפ֤וּ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ עַמִּ֔ים בְּאָסְרָ֖ם לִשְׁתֵּ֥י *עינתם **עוֹנֹתָֽם׃ |
In my longing I would chastise them When nations were gathered against them, When they {K: joined battle at their two fountains} [Q: were bound for their two iniquities]. |
AV differs (two furrows), which Strong's Concordance refers to the ketiv. |
| Hos 10:11 | וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
But Ephraim is a trained calf, Which likes to tread corn, And I passed over the beauty of her neck. I will cause Ephraim to be ridden, And Judah will plough, And Jacob will harrow for him. |
I passed over the beauty of her neck: the farming context would suggest re-pointing עַל as עֺל, yoke, perhaps giving I passed a good yoke (over) her neck, although the verb in qal stem-formation would be strained (re-pointing as piel would fit). |
| Hos 10:12 | זִרְע֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לִצְדָקָה֙ קִצְר֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֔סֶד נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְעֵת֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־יָב֕וֹא וְיֹרֶ֥ה צֶ֖דֶק לָכֶֽם׃ |
Sow righteousness for yourselves, Reap in proportion to your mercy, And break up fallow land for yourselves, For it is time to be seeking the Lord Until he comes And rains righteousness on you. |
|
| Hos 10:13 | חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־רֶ֛שַׁע עַוְלָ֥תָה קְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם פְּרִי־כָ֑חַשׁ כִּֽי־בָטַ֥חְתָּ בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ בְּרֹ֥ב גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃ |
You have ploughed injustice, You have reaped iniquity, You have eaten the fruit of falsehood, For you put trust in your own way – In the greatness of your warriors. |
Compare the verse with Job 4:8. |
| Hos 10:14 | וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל־מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה׃ |
And a tumult will arise among your people, And all your fortified cities will be plundered, As when Shalman plundered Beth-Arbel on the day of battle, When a mother was dashed to pieces with her sons. |
with her sons: or on (her) sons. |
| Hos 10:15 | כָּ֗כָה עָשָׂ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֖י רָעַ֣ת רָֽעַתְכֶ֑ם בַּשַּׁ֕חַר נִדְמֹ֥ה נִדְמָ֖ה מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
So shall Beth-El do to you, Because of your great wickedness; At dawn, the king of Israel will be utterly reduced to silence. |
your great wickedness ← the wickedness of your wickedness.
utterly reduced to silence: niphal infinitive absolute. |
| Hos 11:1 | כִּ֛י נַ֥עַר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וָאֹהֲבֵ֑הוּ וּמִמִּצְרַ֖יִם קָרָ֥אתִי לִבְנִֽי׃ |
When Israel was a child, I loved him, And I called my son from Egypt. |
Matt 2:15. |
| Hos 11:2 | קָרְא֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם כֵּ֚ן הָלְכ֣וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם לַבְּעָלִ֣ים יְזַבֵּ֔חוּ וְלַפְּסִלִ֖ים יְקַטֵּרֽוּן׃ |
As they called them, So they departed from their presence. They sacrificed to the Baalim, And they burnt incense to carved images. |
they called them: [CB], i.e. the prophets called them. |
| Hos 11:3 | וְאָנֹכִ֤י תִרְגַּ֙לְתִּי֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם קָחָ֖ם עַל־זְרֽוֹעֹתָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ כִּ֥י רְפָאתִֽים׃ |
And I taught Ephraim to walk, Taking them by their arms, But they did not know that I had healed them. |
their arms ← his arms. |
| Hos 11:4 | בְּחַבְלֵ֨י אָדָ֤ם אֶמְשְׁכֵם֙ בַּעֲבֹת֣וֹת אַהֲבָ֔ה וָאֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם כִּמְרִ֥ימֵי עֹ֖ל עַ֣ל לְחֵיהֶ֑ם וְאַ֥ט אֵלָ֖יו אוֹכִֽיל׃ |
I drew them with human cords, With strings of love, And I was to them like those who lift off the yoke on their jaws. And I stretched my hand out to them And fed them. |
human cords ← cords of Adam.
to them ← to him. |
| Hos 11:5 | לֹ֤א יָשׁוּב֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאַשּׁ֖וּר ה֣וּא מַלְכּ֑וֹ כִּ֥י מֵאֲנ֖וּ לָשֽׁוּב׃ |
He shall not return to the land of Egypt, Or go to Assyria, which was his king When they refused to repent. |
AV differs, including in time frame. |
| Hos 11:6 | וְחָלָ֥ה חֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְכִלְּתָ֥ה בַדָּ֖יו וְאָכָ֑לָה מִֽמֹּעֲצ֖וֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And the sword was wielded in his cities, And it wasted his officials, And it devoured them, Because of their counsels. |
was wielded ← was being hurled. Participle of חוּל.
officials: AV differs (branches). More usual meanings are parts, staves, linen garments, but [AnLx] also gives princes. AV differs, including ↴ |
| Hos 11:7 | וְעַמִּ֥י תְלוּאִ֖ים לִמְשֽׁוּבָתִ֑י וְאֶל־עַל֙ יִקְרָאֻ֔הוּ יַ֖חַד לֹ֥א יְרוֹמֵם׃ |
But my people are bent on backsliding from me. Although they call upon him – To the Most High – They collectively do not exalt him. |
↳ in time frame. We maintain a theme of compassion throughout this chapter.
backsliding from me ← my backsliding, an objective genitive (they disobey me). |
| Hos 11:8 | אֵ֞יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֲמַגֶּנְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ כְאַדְמָ֔ה אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כִּצְבֹאיִ֑ם נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לִבִּ֔י יַ֖חַד נִכְמְר֥וּ נִחוּמָֽי׃ |
How could I give you up, Ephraim, Or deliver you up, Israel? How could I give you up, like Admah, Or make you like Zeboim? My heart has turned within me; My consolations are altogether kindled. |
|
| Hos 11:9 | לֹ֤א אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔י לֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב לְשַׁחֵ֣ת אֶפְרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל אָֽנֹכִי֙ וְלֹא־אִ֔ישׁ בְּקִרְבְּךָ֣ קָד֔וֹשׁ וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וֹא בְּעִֽיר׃ |
I will not execute the fury of my anger; I will not ruin Ephraim again, For I am God, and not man – The holy one in your midst – And I will not come in anger. |
in anger: from root עִיר. AV differs (into the city), from root עוּר. |
| Hos 11:10 | אַחֲרֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה יֵלְכ֖וּ כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה יִשְׁאָ֑ג כִּֽי־ה֣וּא יִשְׁאַ֔ג וְיֶחֶרְד֥וּ בָנִ֖ים מִיָּֽם׃ |
They shall walk after the Lord; He shall roar like a lion. When he roars, Sons of men tremble more than they do from a roaring sea. |
sea: AV differs (the west). |
| Hos 11:11 | יֶחֶרְד֤וּ כְצִפּוֹר֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וּכְיוֹנָ֖ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְהוֹשַׁבְתִּ֥ים עַל־בָּתֵּיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
They will tremble like a bird from Egypt Or a dove from the land of Assyria. Then I will settle them in their houses, Says the Lord. |
|
| Hos 12:1 Hos 11:12AV |
סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃ |
Ephraim has surrounded me with falsehood, And the house of Israel with deceit, But Judah still walks with God, And is faithful with the holy ones. |
walks: from רוּד. AV differs (rules), taking it from רָדָה. |
| Hos 12:2 Hos 12:1AV |
אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃ |
Ephraim is feeding on wind And is pursuing the eastern blast. All day long he does more fraud and plundering, And they have made a covenant with Assyria, And oil is brought to Egypt. |
does more ← increases. |
| Hos 12:3 Hos 12:2AV |
וְרִ֥יב לַֽיהוָ֖ה עִם־יְהוּדָ֑ה וְלִפְקֹ֤ד עַֽל־יַעֲקֹב֙ כִּדְרָכָ֔יו כְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord has a quarrel with Judah, And a reason to visit Jacob according to his ways. He will recompense him according to his works. |
|
| Hos 12:4 Hos 12:3AV |
בַּבֶּ֖טֶן עָקַ֣ב אֶת־אָחִ֑יו וּבְאוֹנ֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ה אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
In the womb he supplanted his brother, And in his strength he wrestled with God. |
wrestled with God: see Gen 32:29 (Gen 32:28AV). |
| Hos 12:5 Hos 12:4AV |
וָיָּ֤שַׂר אֶל־מַלְאָךְ֙ וַיֻּכָ֔ל בָּכָ֖ה וַיִּתְחַנֶּן־ל֑וֹ בֵּֽית־אֵל֙ יִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּ וְשָׁ֖ם יְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּֽנוּ׃ |
And he contended with the angel, And he prevailed. He wept and entreated him. In Beth-El he found him, And there he spoke with us. |
he prevailed: perhaps, with [CB], understand the angel prevailed; see [CB] here, and [CB]'s note at Gen 32:28. |
| Hos 12:6 Hos 12:5AV |
וַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַצְּבָא֑וֹת יְהוָ֖ה זִכְרֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord is the God of hosts; The Lord is his memorial name. |
|
| Hos 12:7 Hos 12:6AV |
וְאַתָּ֖ה בֵּאלֹהֶ֣יךָ תָשׁ֑וּב חֶ֤סֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט֙ שְׁמֹ֔ר וְקַוֵּ֥ה אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ תָּמִֽיד׃ |
And you will return to your God. Keep mercy and judgment, And wait for your God, always. |
|
| Hos 12:8 Hos 12:7AV |
כְּנַ֗עַן בְּיָד֛וֹ מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִרְמָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אָהֵֽב׃ |
He is a merchant. In his hand are false balances; He loves to defraud. |
|
| Hos 12:9 Hos 12:8AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶפְרַ֔יִם אַ֣ךְ עָשַׁ֔רְתִּי מָצָ֥אתִי א֖וֹן לִ֑י כָּל־יְגִיעַ֕י לֹ֥א יִמְצְאוּ־לִ֖י עָוֺ֥ן אֲשֶׁר־חֵֽטְא׃ |
And Ephraim said, “Surely I have become rich; I have found wealth for myself. In all my labours they will not find in me any wrongdoing, Which would be sin.” |
|
| Hos 12:10 Hos 12:9AV |
וְאָנֹכִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עֹ֛ד אוֹשִֽׁיבְךָ֥ בָאֳהָלִ֖ים כִּימֵ֥י מוֹעֵֽד׃ |
But I am the Lord your God From the land of Egypt. I will yet have you dwell in tents, As on the days of the festival. |
|
| Hos 12:11 Hos 12:10AV |
וְדִבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְאָנֹכִ֖י חָז֣וֹן הִרְבֵּ֑יתִי וּבְיַ֥ד הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֲדַמֶּֽה׃ |
And I have spoken through the prophets, And I have increased the number of visions, And I have given metaphors through the intermediacy of the prophets. |
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Hos 12:12 Hos 12:11AV |
אִם־גִּלְעָ֥ד אָ֙וֶן֙ אַךְ־שָׁ֣וְא הָי֔וּ בַּגִּלְגָּ֖ל שְׁוָרִ֣ים זִבֵּ֑חוּ גַּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹתָם֙ כְּגַלִּ֔ים עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי׃ |
Is Gilead vanity? Surely they are falsehood. They sacrifice oxen in Gilgal, And their altars are like heaps of stones in the furrows of the field. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21.
Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Hos 12:13 Hos 12:12AV |
וַיִּבְרַ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׂדֵ֣ה אֲרָ֑ם וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּאִשָּׁ֔ה וּבְאִשָּׁ֖ה שָׁמָֽר׃ |
And Jacob fled to the country of Aramaea, And Israel served there for a wife, And for a wife he kept sheep. |
Israel: Jacob's later name, referring to the man, not the nation.
wife ... wife: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Hos 12:14 Hos 12:13AV |
וּבְנָבִ֕יא הֶעֱלָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וּבְנָבִ֖יא נִשְׁמָֽר׃ |
And by a prophet The Lord brought Israel up out of Egypt, And by a prophet He was guarded. |
by a prophet (2x): i.e. by Moses. |
| Hos 12:15 Hos 12:14AV |
הִכְעִ֥יס אֶפְרַ֖יִם תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים וְדָמָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יִטּ֔וֹשׁ וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹ יָשִׁ֥יב ל֖וֹ אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ |
Ephraim provoked the Lord bitterly, And he will leave his acts of bloodshed on him, And his Lord will requite him his reproach. |
|
| Hos 13:1 | כְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ רְתֵ֔ת נָשָׂ֥א ה֖וּא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֶּאְשַׁ֥ם בַּבַּ֖עַל וַיָּמֹֽת׃ |
When Ephraim spoke of trembling, He carried weight in Israel, But he became guilty with Baal And died. |
spoke of trembling: or spoke, (there was) trembling. [BDB] admits both. |
| Hos 13:2 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ יוֹסִ֣פוּ לַחֲטֹ֗א וַיַּעְשׂ֣וּ לָהֶם֩ מַסֵּכָ֨ה מִכַּסְפָּ֤ם כִּתְבוּנָם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חָרָשִׁ֖ים כֻּלֹּ֑ה לָהֶם֙ הֵ֣ם אֹמְרִ֔ים זֹבְחֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם עֲגָלִ֖ים יִשָּׁקֽוּן׃ |
And now they are sinning more, And they have made a cast image for themselves from their silver According to their understanding – Idols, all of it the work of artificers. To them they say, “Let those who sacrifice men kiss the calves.” |
those who sacrifice men: AV differs (men who sacrifice). |
| Hos 13:3 | לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃ |
Therefore they shall be like the cloud in the morning, And like the early dew which evaporates; Like chaff blown away from the threshing floor, And like smoke from a chimney. |
cloud in the morning ← cloud of the morning.
evaporates ← goes. |
| Hos 13:4 | וְאָנֹכִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וֵאלֹהִ֤ים זֽוּלָתִי֙ לֹ֣א תֵדָ֔ע וּמוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אַ֖יִן בִּלְתִּֽי׃ |
But I am the Lord your God, From the land of Egypt. And you will know no gods besides me, And that there is no saviour except me. |
|
| Hos 13:5 | אֲנִ֥י יְדַעְתִּ֖יךָ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ תַּלְאֻבֽוֹת׃ |
I knew you in the desert, In the land of drought. |
|
| Hos 13:6 | כְּמַרְעִיתָם֙ וַיִּשְׂבָּ֔עוּ שָׂבְע֖וּ וַיָּ֣רָם לִבָּ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן שְׁכֵחֽוּנִי׃ |
Such was their pasture, That they were satisfied. They were satisfied, And their heart was lifted. That is why they forgot me. |
|
| Hos 13:7 | וָאֱהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַל כְּנָמֵ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֥רֶךְ אָשֽׁוּר׃ |
And I was to them like a lion, I watched like a leopard by the wayside; |
|
| Hos 13:8 | אֶפְגְּשֵׁם֙ כְּדֹ֣ב שַׁכּ֔וּל וְאֶקְרַ֖ע סְג֣וֹר לִבָּ֑ם וְאֹכְלֵ֥ם שָׁם֙ כְּלָבִ֔יא חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה תְּבַקְּעֵֽם׃ |
I came against them like a bear bereaved of cubs, And I will tear the enclosure of their heart, And I will devour them there like a lion; A wild animal will tear them in pieces. |
the enclosure: here, the pericardium. |
| Hos 13:9 | שִֽׁחֶתְךָ֥ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּֽי־בִ֥י בְעֶזְרֶֽךָ׃ |
It has ruined you, Israel, For you are against me – Against your helper. |
helper ← help.
AV differs in many respects. |
| Hos 13:10 | אֱהִ֤י מַלְכְּךָ֙ אֵפ֔וֹא וְיוֹשִֽׁיעֲךָ֖ בְּכָל־עָרֶ֑יךָ וְשֹׁ֣פְטֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתָּ תְּנָה־לִּ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ וְשָׂרִֽים׃ |
I will be your king. Where is he who can save you in all your cities, And your rulers regarding whom you said, “Give me a king and princes”? |
rulers ← judges, but also rulers. |
| Hos 13:11 | אֶֽתֶּן־לְךָ֥ מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּאַפִּ֔י וְאֶקַּ֖ח בְּעֶבְרָתִֽי׃ ס |
I gave you a king in my anger, And I took one away in my wrath. |
|
| Hos 13:12 | צָרוּר֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אֶפְרָ֔יִם צְפוּנָ֖ה חַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ |
The iniquity of Ephraim is stowed away; His sin is hidden away. |
stowed away ← bundled up. |
| Hos 13:13 | חֶבְלֵ֥י יֽוֹלֵדָ֖ה יָבֹ֣אוּ ל֑וֹ הוּא־בֵן֙ לֹ֣א חָכָ֔ם כִּֽי־עֵ֥ת לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֖ד בְּמִשְׁבַּ֥ר בָּנִֽים׃ |
The birth pangs of one bearing a child will come upon him. He is not a wise son, For time will not stand still When it comes to the sons breaking out of the womb. |
time will not stand still: AV differs (he should not stay). |
| Hos 13:14 | מִיַּ֤ד שְׁאוֹל֙ אֶפְדֵּ֔ם מִמָּ֖וֶת אֶגְאָלֵ֑ם אֱהִ֨י דְבָרֶיךָ֜ מָ֗וֶת אֱהִ֤י קָֽטָבְךָ֙ שְׁא֔וֹל נֹ֖חַם יִסָּתֵ֥ר מֵעֵינָֽי׃ |
I will deliver them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death. O death, I will be a plague on you; O grave, I will be your destruction. Repentance will be hidden from my eyes. |
1 Cor 15:55.
power ← hand. a plague ← plagues. repentance will be hidden from my eyes: i.e. I will not repent of this. |
| Hos 13:15 | כִּ֣י ה֔וּא בֵּ֥ן אַחִ֖ים יַפְרִ֑יא יָב֣וֹא קָדִים֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֜ה מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר עֹלֶ֗ה וְיֵב֤וֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ֙ וְיֶחֱרַ֣ב מַעְיָנ֔וֹ ה֣וּא יִשְׁסֶ֔ה אוֹצַ֖ר כָּל־כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃ |
For he will be fruitful among his brothers, But then an east wind will come – An almighty wind will come up from the desert. And his fount will become dry, And his spring will dry up. He shall plunder the treasury of every precious object. |
fruitful: a play on words, “Ephraimful”.
almighty wind ← wind of the Lord. An idiom for an extreme; compare Gen 23:6. become dry: see [ST]; also be ashamed, בּוֹשׁ being cognate with יָבֵשׁ. precious ← desirable. |
| Hos 14:1 Hos 13:16AV |
תֶּאְשַׁם֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן כִּ֥י מָרְתָ֖ה בֵּֽאלֹהֶ֑יהָ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ עֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יְרֻטָּ֔שׁוּ וְהָרִיּוֹתָ֖יו יְבֻקָּֽעוּ׃ פ |
Samaria will bear her guilt, For she has rebelled against her God. They will fall by the sword. Their children will be torn apart, And his pregnant women will be ripped open. |
bear her guilt: AV differs (become desolate).
his: perhaps the change of gender indicates a reference to Israel, the subject of the next verse. |
| Hos 14:2 Hos 14:1AV |
שׁ֚וּבָה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֥י כָשַׁ֖לְתָּ בַּעֲוֺנֶֽךָ׃ |
Return Israel, to the Lord your God, For you have stumbled in your iniquity. |
|
| Hos 14:3 Hos 14:2AV |
קְח֤וּ עִמָּכֶם֙ דְּבָרִ֔ים וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה אִמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כָּל־תִּשָּׂ֤א עָוֺן֙ וְקַח־ט֔וֹב וּֽנְשַׁלְּמָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים שְׂפָתֵֽינוּ׃ |
Take with you words, And return to the Lord, And say to him, “Take away all our iniquity, Receive us favourably, And we will repay with the calves of our lips. |
with the calves of our lips: regrouping the letters and re-pointing, פְּרִי מִשְּׂפָתֵינוּ, would yield the fruit from our lips, an expression used in Heb 13:15. But “calves” gives the sense of sacrifice. |
| Hos 14:4 Hos 14:3AV |
אַשּׁ֣וּר ׀ לֹ֣א יוֹשִׁיעֵ֗נוּ עַל־סוּס֙ לֹ֣א נִרְכָּ֔ב וְלֹא־נֹ֥אמַר ע֛וֹד אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֵ֑ינוּ אֲשֶׁר־בְּךָ֖ יְרֻחַ֥ם יָתֽוֹם׃ |
Assyria will not save us; Let us not ride on horses, And let us no longer say, ‘Our gods’ to the work of our hands. Let it be that through you The orphan receives compassion.” |
|
| Hos 14:5 Hos 14:4AV |
אֶרְפָּא֙ מְשׁ֣וּבָתָ֔ם אֹהֲבֵ֖ם נְדָבָ֑ה כִּ֛י שָׁ֥ב אַפִּ֖י מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
“I will heal their apostasy, I will love them freely, For my anger will have turned from him. |
him: i.e., [CB], Israel. |
| Hos 14:6 Hos 14:5AV |
אֶהְיֶ֤ה כַטַּל֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִפְרַ֖ח כַּשּֽׁוֹשַׁנָּ֑ה וְיַ֥ךְ שָׁרָשָׁ֖יו כַּלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ |
I will be like dew to Israel, And he will flourish like a lily, And he will strike root As trees do in Lebanon. |
strike root ← strike his roots. |
| Hos 14:7 Hos 14:6AV |
יֵֽלְכוּ֙ יֹֽנְקוֹתָ֔יו וִיהִ֥י כַזַּ֖יִת הוֹד֑וֹ וְרֵ֥יחַֽ ל֖וֹ כַּלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ |
His shoots will spread, And his splendour will be like an olive tree, And he will have a scent As aromatic trees do in Lebanon. |
spread ← go; flow. |
| Hos 14:8 Hos 14:7AV |
יָשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בְצִלּ֔וֹ יְחַיּ֥וּ דָגָ֖ן וְיִפְרְח֣וּ כַגָּ֑פֶן זִכְר֖וֹ כְּיֵ֥ין לְבָנֽוֹן׃ ס |
And they who dwell in his shadow will return, And they will revive like corn And flourish like the vine. Their memorial will be like the wine of Lebanon. |
revive: piel, which is usually transitive, but one can supply themselves (compare Hos 8:10). Re-pointed as qal (יִחְיוּ), which seems more natural, it would be intransitive.
memorial: AV differs (scent). |
| Hos 14:9 Hos 14:8AV |
אֶפְרַ֕יִם מַה־לִּ֥י ע֖וֹד לָֽעֲצַבִּ֑ים אֲנִ֧י עָנִ֣יתִי וַאֲשׁוּרֶ֗נּוּ אֲנִי֙ כִּבְר֣וֹשׁ רַֽעֲנָ֔ן מִמֶּ֖נִּי פֶּרְיְךָ֥ נִמְצָֽא׃ |
Ephraim will say, ‘What have I to do with idols any more?’ And I will answer and regard him. I will be like a green cypress; And from me your fruit will be found. |
|
| Hos 14:10 Hos 14:9AV |
מִ֤י חָכָם֙ וְיָ֣בֵֽן אֵ֔לֶּה נָב֖וֹן וְיֵֽדָעֵ֑ם כִּֽי־יְשָׁרִ֞ים דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה וְצַדִּקִים֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔ם וּפֹשְׁעִ֖ים יִכָּ֥שְׁלוּ בָֽם׃ |
Let him who is wise understand these things, And let him who is intelligent know them, For the ways of the Lord are upright, And the righteous will walk in them, But the transgressors will stumble in them.” |
|
| Joel 1:1 | דְּבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֔ה אֶל־יוֹאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּתוּאֵֽל׃ | The word of the Lord which came to Joel the son of Pethuel. | came ← became. |
| Joel 1:2 | שִׁמְעוּ־זֹאת֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ הֶהָ֤יְתָה זֹּאת֙ בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֖ם בִּימֵ֥י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Listen to this, you elders, And give ear, all you dwellers of the land. Was there ever anything like this in your days, Or in the days of your fathers? |
|
| Joel 1:3 | עָלֶ֖יהָ לִבְנֵיכֶ֣ם סַפֵּ֑רוּ וּבְנֵיכֶם֙ לִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֵֽר׃ |
Tell your sons about it, And have your sons tell their sons, And have their sons tell another generation. |
|
| Joel 1:4 | יֶ֤תֶר הַגָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיֶ֥תֶר הָאַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַיָּ֑לֶק וְיֶ֣תֶר הַיֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶחָסִֽיל׃ |
What was left by the gnawing locust, The swarming locust has eaten. What was left by the swarming locust, The devouring locust has eaten. And what was left by the devouring locust, The consuming locust has eaten. |
|
| Joel 1:5 | הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל־עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃ |
Wake up, drunkards, and weep; And all drinkers of wine, Wail over the new wine, For it is cut off from your mouth. |
|
| Joel 1:6 | כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃ |
For a nation has gone up onto my land – A powerful and innumerable one. Its teeth are the teeth of a lion, And it has the incisors of a great lion. |
|
| Joel 1:7 | שָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִי֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וּתְאֵנָתִ֖י לִקְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָהּ֙ וְהִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽיהָ׃ |
It has made my vine a desolation And my fig tree splinters. It has stripped it bare And cast it away; Its branches have turned white. |
stripped ... bare: infinitive absolute (enhancing stripped). |
| Joel 1:8 | אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃ |
Lament like a virgin girded in sackcloth For the husband of her youth. |
husband: i.e. intended husband. |
| Joel 1:9 | הָכְרַ֥ת מִנְחָ֛ה וָנֶ֖סֶךְ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אָֽבְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ |
The meal-offering and the libation Have been cut off from the house of the Lord. The priests – the Lord's servants – are in mourning. |
|
| Joel 1:10 | שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר׃ |
The countryside is wasted, The ground mourns, For the corn is wasted. The new wine has dried up; The new oil is languishing. |
|
| Joel 1:11 | הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃ |
The farmers have been put to shame. The vinedressers are howling, Also for the wheat and for the barley, Because the harvest of the field has failed. |
|
| Joel 1:12 | הַגֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ ס |
The vine has dried up, The fig tree is languishing – The pomegranate and the date and the apple too. All the trees of the field have dried up, For joy has dried up from the sons of Adam. |
|
| Joel 1:13 | חִגְר֨וּ וְסִפְד֜וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י מִזְבֵּ֔חַ בֹּ֚אוּ לִ֣ינוּ בַשַּׂקִּ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י אֱלֹהָ֑י כִּ֥י נִמְנַ֛ע מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִנְחָ֥ה וָנָֽסֶךְ׃ |
Gird yourselves and mourn, you priests, Howl, you servants of the altar. Come and pass the night in sackcloth, You servants of my God, For the meal-offering and the libation have been withheld from the house of your God. |
|
| Joel 1:14 | קַדְּשׁוּ־צוֹם֙ קִרְא֣וּ עֲצָרָ֔ה אִסְפ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְזַעֲק֖וּ אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Hold a holy fast; Proclaim a solemn assembly. Gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land to the house of the Lord your God, And cry out to the Lord. |
hold a holy fast ← sanctify a fast. |
| Joel 1:15 | אֲהָ֖הּ לַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה וּכְשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃ |
Alas for the day! For the day of the Lord is near, And it will come as devastation from the Almighty. |
Rev 1:10. |
| Joel 1:16 | הֲל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖ינוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִֽיל׃ |
Is not food cut off in front of our eyes? Are not happiness and rejoicing cut off from the house of our God? |
|
| Joel 1:17 | עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻד֗וֹת תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָר֔וֹת נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻר֑וֹת כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן׃ |
The seeds decay under their covering soil, The storehouses have been laid waste, The garners have been demolished, For the corn supply has dried up. |
|
| Joel 1:18 | מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃ |
How the cattle sigh, How the herds of oxen are perplexed, For there is no pasture for them, And the flocks of sheep are perishing. |
|
| Joel 1:19 | אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
On you, O Lord, I will call, For fire has devoured the pastures of the desert, And a flame has set all the trees of the field ablaze. |
|
| Joel 1:20 | גַּם־בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדֶ֖ה תַּעֲר֣וֹג אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֤י יָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֔יִם וְאֵ֕שׁ אָכְלָ֖ה נְא֥וֹת הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ פ |
The beasts of the field also bleat to you, For the brooks of water have dried up, And fire has devoured the pastures of the desert. |
|
| Joel 2:1 | תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהָרִ֙יעוּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י יִרְגְּז֕וּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י קָרֽוֹב׃ |
Blow the ramshorn in Zion, And sound the alarm on my holy mountain. Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, For the day of the Lord is coming, For it is near. |
Rev 1:10.
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. tremble: or stand in awe. |
| Joel 2:2 | י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
It is a day of darkness and dimness, A day of cloud and gloom, Like blackness spreading over the mountains, Consisting of a numerous and strong people. There has not been anything like it from ancient time, Nor will there again be after it, In the years of generation after generation. |
blackness: AV differs (morning). The word also means dawn, but a root meaning is to be black. The clause describes an attack on Zion just prior to the Lord's intervention.
ancient time ← the age. in the years ← up to the years. |
| Joel 2:3 | לְפָנָיו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה כְּגַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנָ֗יו וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְגַם־פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃ |
Fire will consume in front of them, And behind them a flame will spread a conflagration. The land in front of them is like the garden of Eden, But behind them is a desolate desert, And they will not have anyone who escapes it. |
them (4x) ← it / him, which we take as referring to the people of the previous verse.
desolate desert ← desert of desolation, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Joel 2:4 | כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וּכְפָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּן׃ |
Their appearance is as the appearance of horses, And they run like horsemen. |
|
| Joel 2:5 | כְּק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יְרַקֵּד֔וּן כְּקוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה קָ֑שׁ כְּעַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
They rattle along over the tops of hills With the noise of chariots And with a sound like a flame devouring stubble. They are a powerful people, Equipped for war. |
flame ← flame of fire.
a powerful people ← as a powerful people. The ke perhaps denoting intensity. Compare [AnLx], כְּ II (c). |
| Joel 2:6 | מִפָּנָ֖יו יָחִ֣ילוּ עַמִּ֑ים כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃ |
In their presence nations will writhe; All faces will lose their shine. |
lose ← gather in. |
| Joel 2:7 | כְּגִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּן כְּאַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה וְאִ֤ישׁ בִּדְרָכָיו֙ יֵֽלֵכ֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יְעַבְּט֖וּן אֹרְחוֹתָֽם׃ |
Like warriors they run; Like men of war, they climb a wall. And each one marches in his file, And they do not break ranks. |
ranks ← their ranks. |
| Joel 2:8 | וְאִ֤ישׁ אָחִיו֙ לֹ֣א יִדְחָק֔וּן גֶּ֥בֶר בִּמְסִלָּת֖וֹ יֵֽלֵכ֑וּן וּבְעַ֥ד הַשֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ לֹ֥א יִבְצָֽעוּ׃ |
And no-one jostles his neighbour; Each man walks on his path. And when they fall, hit by a missile, They do not break up the formation. |
his neighbour ← his brother.
they do not break up the formation: AV differs (they shall not be wounded). |
| Joel 2:9 | בָּעִ֣יר יָשֹׁ֗קּוּ בַּֽחוֹמָה֙ יְרֻצ֔וּן בַּבָּתִּ֖ים יַעֲל֑וּ בְּעַ֧ד הַחַלּוֹנִ֛ים יָבֹ֖אוּ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃ |
In the city, they scurry to and fro, And they run on the wall. They climb into houses; They come through windows like a thief. |
|
| Joel 2:10 | לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃ |
In front of them the earth will tremble, And the heavens will shake. The sun and moon will be darkened, And the stars will withdraw their brightness. |
withdraw ← gather in; a different word from Joel 2:6. |
| Joel 2:11 | וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קוֹלוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י חֵיל֔וֹ כִּ֣י רַ֤ב מְאֹד֙ מַחֲנֵ֔הוּ כִּ֥י עָצ֖וּם עֹשֵׂ֣ה דְבָר֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָד֧וֹל יוֹם־יְהוָ֛ה וְנוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד וּמִ֥י יְכִילֶֽנּוּ׃ |
And the Lord will sound his voice before his army (For his camp is very mighty), And he who gives his word is powerful. For great is the day of the Lord, And quite terrible, And who can endure it? |
Rev 1:10. |
| Joel 2:12 | וְגַם־עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖י בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וּבְצ֥וֹם וּבְבְכִ֖י וּבְמִסְפֵּֽד׃ |
And even now, Says the Lord, Return to me with your whole heart, And with fasting and with weeping And with mourning. |
|
| Joel 2:13 | וְקִרְע֤וּ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶ֔ם וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ ה֔וּא אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃ |
And tear your heart, And not your clothes, And return to the Lord your God, For he is gracious and merciful, Longsuffering and of great kindness, Who repents of doing harm. |
for he is gracious and merciful (etc.): compare Jonah 4:2.
repents of doing harm: i.e. is open to a change of heart if warranted by repentance of the sinners in view. |
| Joel 2:14 | מִ֥י יוֹדֵ֖עַ יָשׁ֣וּב וְנִחָ֑ם וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ |
Who knows if they will return and repent, And leave a gift behind – A meal-offering and a libation To the Lord your God? |
they ← he. A collective reference to a people. AV differs, referring this to God, also possible, but incompatible with a meal-offering and a libation in our sentence structure.
gift: or blessing. behind ← behind them. |
| Joel 2:15 | תִּקְע֥וּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּצִיּ֑וֹן קַדְּשׁוּ־צ֖וֹם קִרְא֥וּ עֲצָרָֽה׃ |
Sound the ramshorn in Zion, Hold a holy fast; Proclaim a solemn assembly. |
hold a holy fast ← sanctify a fast. |
| Joel 2:16 | אִסְפוּ־עָ֞ם קַדְּשׁ֤וּ קָהָל֙ קִבְצ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֔ים אִסְפוּ֙ עֽוֹלָלִ֔ים וְיֹנְקֵ֖י שָׁדָ֑יִם יֵצֵ֤א חָתָן֙ מֵֽחֶדְר֔וֹ וְכַלָּ֖ה מֵחֻפָּתָֽהּ׃ |
Gather the people, Proclaim a holy convocation, Assemble the elders, Gather the children, And those who are breastfed. Let the bridegroom go out of his room, And the bride go out of her bridal chamber. |
proclaim a holy convocation ← sanctify a convocation.
are breastfed ← suck breasts. |
| Joel 2:17 | בֵּ֤ין הָאוּלָם֙ וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ יִבְכּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְֽיֹאמְר֞וּ ח֧וּסָה יְהוָ֣ה עַל־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ לִמְשָׁל־בָּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם לָ֚מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Between the portico and the altar, Let the priests – the servants of the Lord – weep, And let them say, “Take pity, O Lord on your people, And do not allow your inheritance to become a reproach, By which the Gentiles would have a proverb against them. Why should those among the Gentiles say, ‘Where is their God?’ ” |
would have a proverb: AV differs (should rule), also possible, but less suited to the context.
why should those among the Gentiles say (etc.): compare Ps 79:10. |
| Joel 2:18 | וַיְקַנֵּ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לְאַרְצ֑וֹ וַיַּחְמֹ֖ל עַל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord will be zealous for his land, And he will spare his people. |
|
| Joel 2:19 | וַיַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעַמּ֗וֹ הִנְנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַדָּגָן֙ וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֔ר וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑וֹ וְלֹא־אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶתְכֶ֥ם ע֛וֹד חֶרְפָּ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
And the Lord will answer And will say to his people, “Look, I am sending you corn and new wine and new oil, And you will be satisfied with it, And I will no longer make you a reproach among the Gentiles. |
|
| Joel 2:20 | וְֽאֶת־הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י אַרְחִ֣יק מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָה֒ אֶת־פָּנָ֗יו אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י וְסֹפ֖וֹ אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעָלָ֣ה בָאְשׁ֗וֹ וְתַ֙עַל֙ צַחֲנָת֔וֹ כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ |
And I will remove the northerner from you, And I will drive him out into a dry and desolate land, With his face towards the eastern sea, And his rear towards the western sea, And his stench will go up, And his foul smell will rise, For he acted presumptuously in what he did. |
the eastern sea ... the western sea: i.e. the Dead Sea ... the Mediterranean. |
| Joel 2:21 | אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה גִּ֣ילִי וּשְׂמָ֔חִי כִּֽי־הִגְדִּ֥יל יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ |
Do not fear, O land; Rejoice and be happy, For the Lord has presumed to act. |
presumed to act: or done great things, but this is the figure of speech called ironic echo, a special case of antanaclasis, using the same words as in the previous verse in a different way. |
| Joel 2:22 | אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ בַּהֲמ֣וֹת שָׂדַ֔י כִּ֥י דָשְׁא֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־עֵץ֙ נָשָׂ֣א פִרְי֔וֹ תְּאֵנָ֥ה וָגֶ֖פֶן נָתְנ֥וּ חֵילָֽם׃ |
Do not fear, you wild animals, For the pastures of the desert will sprout grass, For the tree will bear its fruit; The fig tree and the vine will yield their richness. |
|
| Joel 2:23 | וּבְנֵ֣י צִיּ֗וֹן גִּ֤ילוּ וְשִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה לִצְדָקָ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם מוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ בָּרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ |
So, you sons of Zion, Be glad and rejoice in the Lord your God, For he has given you the teacher of righteousness, And he has brought down rain upon you, Early rain and late rain, as aforetime. |
teacher of righteousness: or early rain for righteousness, but this is a play on Hebrew words; see below.
early rain: a play on words with teacher of righteousness. |
| Joel 2:24 | וּמָלְא֥וּ הַגֳּרָנ֖וֹת בָּ֑ר וְהֵשִׁ֥יקוּ הַיְקָבִ֖ים תִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָֽר׃ |
And the threshing floors will be full of grain, And the vats will overflow with new wine and new oil. |
|
| Joel 2:25 | וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה הַיֶּ֖לֶק וְהֶחָסִ֣יל וְהַגָּזָ֑ם חֵילִי֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁלַּ֖חְתִּי בָּכֶֽם׃ |
And I will restore to you the years Which the swarming locust devoured, And the devouring locust, and the consuming locust and the gnawing locust – My great army which I sent against you. |
|
| Joel 2:26 | וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אָכוֹל֙ וְשָׂב֔וֹעַ וְהִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּכֶ֖ם לְהַפְלִ֑יא וְלֹא־יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ עַמִּ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
And you will eat freely and be satisfied, And you will praise the name of the Lord your God, Who dealt wondrously with you, And my people will never be ashamed. |
eat freely: infinitive absolute.
be satisfied: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. never ← not for the age. |
| Joel 2:27 | וִידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י בְקֶ֤רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אָ֔נִי וַאֲנִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם וְאֵ֣ין ע֑וֹד וְלֹא־יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ עַמִּ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס |
And you will know that I am in the midst of Israel, And that I am the Lord your God, And that there is no other. And my people will never be ashamed.” |
never ← not for the age. |
| Joel 3:1 Joel 2:28AV |
וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃ |
“And it will come to pass after that, That I will pour out my spirit on all flesh, And your sons and your daughters will prophesy, And your old people will have dreams, And your young men will see visions. |
Acts 2:17.
have dreams ← dream dreams. |
| Joel 3:2 Joel 2:29AV |
וְגַ֥ם עַל־הָֽעֲבָדִ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹת בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִֽי׃ |
And I will also pour out my spirit On menservants and maidservants in those days. |
Acts 2:18. |
| Joel 3:3 Joel 2:30AV |
וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן׃ |
And I will show wonders in the sky and on the earth – Blood and fire, And pillars of smoke. |
Acts 2:19.
in the sky: or in heaven. |
| Joel 3:4 Joel 2:31AV |
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃ |
The sun will be turned to darkness, And the moon to blood, Before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes. |
Acts 2:20, Rev 6:12. |
| Joel 3:5 Joel 2:32AV |
וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט כִּ֠י בְּהַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה פְלֵיטָ֗ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא׃ |
And it shall come to pass That everyone who calls on the name of the Lord Will be delivered, For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be deliverance, As the Lord has said, And for the remnants whom the Lord calls. |
Acts 2:21, Rom 10:13.
remnants ← escapees. |
| Joel 4:1 Joel 3:1AV |
כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵ֖מָּה וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא אֲשֶׁ֥ר *אשוב **אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
For look, In those days and at that time, When I reverse the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, |
reverse: the ketiv would normally mean when I return, intransitively, but also, [AnLx], bring back. A vav / yod issue. |
| Joel 4:2 Joel 3:2AV |
וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י עִמָּ֜ם שָׁ֗ם עַל־עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּזְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־אַרְצִ֖י חִלֵּֽקוּ׃ |
I will gather all the Gentiles, And I will bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat, And I will litigate with them there, Concerning my people and my inheritance Israel, Whom they have scattered among the nations, And as to why they have divided up my land. |
|
| Joel 4:3 Joel 3:3AV |
וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖י יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ |
For they have cast lots for my people, And they have given boys for prostitutes, And they have sold girls for wine And have drunk it. |
for: causal use of the vav.
boys ... prostitutes ... girls ← the boy ... the prostitute ... the girl. Collective usage. |
| Joel 4:4 Joel 3:4AV |
וְ֠גַם מָה־אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ צֹ֣ר וְצִיד֔וֹן וְכֹ֖ל גְּלִיל֣וֹת פְּלָ֑שֶׁת הַגְּמ֗וּל אַתֶּם֙ מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים עָלָ֔י וְאִם־גֹּמְלִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ עָלַ֔י קַ֣ל מְהֵרָ֔ה אָשִׁ֥יב גְּמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם׃ |
And also, what have you to do with me, Tyre and Sidon and all the regions of Philistia? Will you repay me with retribution? Well if you retribute me, I will swiftly and rapidly return your retribution onto your head. |
what have you to do with me ← what you to me.
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Joel 4:5 Joel 3:5AV |
אֲשֶׁר־כַּסְפִּ֥י וּזְהָבִ֖י לְקַחְתֶּ֑ם וּמַֽחֲמַדַּי֙ הַטֹּבִ֔ים הֲבֵאתֶ֖ם לְהֵיכְלֵיכֶֽם׃ |
For you have taken my silver and my gold, And you have brought my fine precious objects into your temples. |
precious ← desirable. |
| Joel 4:6 Joel 3:6AV |
וּבְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם מְכַרְתֶּ֖ם לִבְנֵ֣י הַיְּוָנִ֑ים לְמַ֥עַן הַרְחִיקָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל גְּבוּלָֽם׃ |
And you have sold the sons of Judah and the sons of Jerusalem to the sons of the Greeks, So removing them from their territory. |
territory ← border. |
| Joel 4:7 Joel 3:7AV |
הִנְנִ֣י מְעִירָ֔ם מִן־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־מְכַרְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם שָׁ֑מָּה וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י גְמֻלְכֶ֖ם בְּרֹאשְׁכֶֽם׃ |
Look, I am stirring them up To move them from the place where you sold them, And I will bring back your recompense onto your head. |
|
| Joel 4:8 Joel 3:8AV |
וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְכָר֥וּם לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם אֶל־גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס |
And I will sell your sons and your daughters Into the hand of the sons of Judah, Who will sell them to the Sabaeans – To a distant nation – For the Lord has spoken. |
|
| Joel 4:9 Joel 3:9AV |
קִרְאוּ־זֹאת֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הָעִ֙ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים יִגְּשׁ֣וּ יַֽעֲל֔וּ כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Announce this among the nations, Proclaim a holy war, Arouse the warriors, Let all men of war approach And go up. |
proclaim a holy war ← sanctify a war. |
| Joel 4:10 Joel 3:10AV |
כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי׃ |
Beat your ploughshares into swords And your pruning shears into spears. Let him who is weak say, ‘I am a warrior.’ |
|
| Joel 4:11 Joel 3:11AV |
ע֣וּשׁוּ וָבֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּה הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Make haste and come, All you nations round about, And be gathered there. O Lord, Bring down your warriors. |
make haste: AV differs (assemble yourselves).
there: AV differs in word association, as does MT (thither cause thy mighty ones to come down). |
| Joel 4:12 Joel 3:12AV |
יֵע֙וֹרוּ֙ וְיַעֲל֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם אֵשֵׁ֛ב לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃ |
Let the nations be aroused And go up to the Valley of Jehoshaphat, For there I will sit to judge all the nations round about. |
Jehoshaphat: i.e. the Lord (Jehovah / Yahveh) will judge. |
| Joel 4:13 Joel 3:13AV |
שִׁלְח֣וּ מַגָּ֔ל כִּ֥י בָשַׁ֖ל קָצִ֑יר בֹּ֤אֽוּ רְדוּ֙ כִּֽי־מָ֣לְאָה גַּ֔ת הֵשִׁ֙יקוּ֙ הַיְקָבִ֔ים כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה רָעָתָֽם׃ |
Send in the sickle, For the harvest is ripe; Come and tread, For the wine press is full. The wine vats are overflowing, For great is their wickedness. |
Rev 14:15.
tread: from root רָדָה. AV differs (get you down), from root יָרַד. |
| Joel 4:14 Joel 3:14AV |
הֲמוֹנִ֣ים הֲמוֹנִ֔ים בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶֽחָר֑וּץ כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖מֶק הֶחָרֽוּץ׃ |
There are multitudes, multitudes, In the Valley of Decision, For the day of the Lord is near, In the Valley of Decision. |
|
| Joel 4:15 Joel 3:15AV |
שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֖חַ קָדָ֑רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃ |
The sun and moon will be darkened, And the stars will withdraw their brightness. |
Acts 2:20, Rev 6:12.
withdraw: as Joel 2:10. |
| Joel 4:16 Joel 3:16AV |
וַיהוָ֞ה מִצִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔וֹ וְרָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְעַמּ֔וֹ וּמָע֖וֹז לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And the Lord will roar from Zion; He will sound his voice from Jerusalem, And heaven and earth will tremble. But the Lord will be a refuge for his people, And a stronghold to the sons of Israel. |
the Lord will roar (etc.): compare Amos 1:2. |
| Joel 4:17 Joel 3:17AV |
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם שֹׁכֵ֖ן בְּצִיּ֣וֹן הַר־קָדְשִׁ֑י וְהָיְתָ֤ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ קֹ֔דֶשׁ וְזָרִ֥ים לֹא־יַֽעַבְרוּ־בָ֖הּ עֽוֹד׃ ס |
And you will know that I am the Lord your God, Dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain. And Jerusalem will be holy, And strangers will no longer pass through her. |
holy (second occurrence in verse) ← holiness. |
| Joel 4:18 Joel 3:18AV |
וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day That the mountains will distil new wine, And the hills will run with milk, And all the brooks of Judah will run with water, And a spring will come out at the house of the Lord, And it will feed the stream of Shittim. |
Alluded to in John 7:38.
feed ← water. Shittim: i.e. Acacias. |
| Joel 4:19 Joel 3:19AV |
מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם׃ |
Egypt will become a desolation, And Edom will become a desolate desert, Because of the violence done to the sons of Judah, In that they shed innocent blood in their land. |
violence done to the sons of Judah ← violence of the sons of Judah, an objective genitive. |
| Joel 4:20 Joel 3:20AV |
וִיהוּדָ֖ה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב וִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְד֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
But Judah will remain age-abidingly, And Jerusalem from generation to generation, |
|
| Joel 4:21 Joel 3:21AV |
וְנִקֵּ֖יתִי דָּמָ֣ם לֹֽא־נִקֵּ֑יתִי וַֽיהוָ֖ה שֹׁכֵ֥ן בְּצִיּֽוֹן׃ |
And I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleansed, And the Lord will dwell in Zion.” |
|
| Amos 1:1 | דִּבְרֵ֣י עָמ֔וֹס אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה בַנֹּקְדִ֖ים מִתְּק֑וֹעַ אֲשֶׁר֩ חָזָ֨ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בִּימֵ֣י ׀ עֻזִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה וּבִימֵ֞י יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־יוֹאָשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁנָתַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י הָרָֽעַשׁ׃ | The words of Amos, who was among the herdsmen from Tekoa, describing what he saw concerning Israel, in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, the king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. | Uzziah ← Uziah. See 2 Ki 15:13. |
| Amos 1:2 | וַיֹּאמַ֓ר ׀ יְהוָה֙ מִצִיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֔ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֑וֹ וְאָֽבְלוּ֙ נְא֣וֹת הָרֹעִ֔ים וְיָבֵ֖שׁ רֹ֥אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃ פ |
And he said, “The Lord will roar from Zion, And he will sound his voice from Jerusalem, And the pastures of the shepherds will mourn, And the summit of Carmel will dry up.” |
the Lord will roar (etc.): compare Joel 4:16 (Joel 3:16AV).
Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| Amos 1:3 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י דַמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־דּוּשָׁ֛ם בַּחֲרֻצ֥וֹת הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל אֶת־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Damascus, And for four, I will not avert it, Because of their threshing of Gilead With iron threshing sledges. |
this is what ← thus.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Amos 1:4 | וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּבֵ֣ית חֲזָאֵ֑ל וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת בֶּן־הֲדָֽד׃ |
So I will send fire on the house of Hazael, Which will consume the palaces of Ben-Hadad. |
|
| Amos 1:5 | וְשָֽׁבַרְתִּי֙ בְּרִ֣יחַ דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י יוֹשֵׁב֙ מִבִּקְעַת־אָ֔וֶן וְתוֹמֵ֥ךְ שֵׁ֖בֶט מִבֵּ֣ית עֶ֑דֶן וְגָל֧וּ עַם־אֲרָ֛ם קִ֖ירָה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And I will break the gate-bar of Damascus, And I will cut off the inhabitant from the lowland of Aven, And him who wields the sceptre of Beth-Eden. And the people of Aramaea will go into captivity in Kir, Says the Lord.” |
Aven: as MT and AV, here the same place as Beth-Aven. The city of On (as in Gen 41:45), also called Heliopolis, has the same consonantal spelling.
in Kir ← to Kir. |
| Amos 1:6 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י עַזָּ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־הַגְלוֹתָ֛ם גָּל֥וּת שְׁלֵמָ֖ה לְהַסְגִּ֥יר לֶאֱדֽוֹם׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Gaza, And for four, I will not avert it, Because of their act of taking a people entirely captive, To deliver them to Edom. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 1:7 | וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת עַזָּ֑ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
And I will send fire onto the wall of Gaza, Which will consume her palaces. |
|
| Amos 1:8 | וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י יוֹשֵׁב֙ מֵֽאַשְׁדּ֔וֹד וְתוֹמֵ֥ךְ שֵׁ֖בֶט מֵֽאַשְׁקְל֑וֹן וַהֲשִׁיב֨וֹתִי יָדִ֜י עַל־עֶקְר֗וֹן וְאָֽבְדוּ֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ |
And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, And him who wields the sceptre from Ashkelon. And I will turn my hand against Ekron, And the remnants of the Philistines will perish, Says the Lord, the Lord.” |
|
| Amos 1:9 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵי־צֹ֔ר וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־הַסְגִּירָ֞ם גָּל֤וּת שְׁלֵמָה֙ לֶאֱד֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א זָכְר֖וּ בְּרִ֥ית אַחִֽים׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Tyre, And for four, I will not avert it, Because they delivered them up with a complete captivity to Edom, And they did not remember the brotherly covenant. |
this is what ← thus.
brotherly covenant ← covenant of brothers, between David / Solomon and Hiram king of Tyre, 1 Ki 5:1 (1 Ki 4:21AV). |
| Amos 1:10 | וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּח֣וֹמַת צֹ֑ר וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ פ |
And I will send fire onto the wall of Tyre, Which will consume her palaces.” |
|
| Amos 1:11 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Edom, And for four, I will not avert it, Because they pursued their brother with the sword, And forswore compassion, And their anger was perpetually tearing them to pieces, And they retained their wrath unremittingly. |
this is what ← thus.
compassion ← his compassions. |
| Amos 1:12 | וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּתֵימָ֑ן וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת בָּצְרָֽה׃ פ |
And I will send fire on Teman, Which will consume the palaces of Bozrah.” |
|
| Amos 1:13 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־בִּקְעָם֙ הָר֣וֹת הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמַ֖עַן הַרְחִ֥יב אֶת־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of the sons of Ammon, And for four, I will not avert it, Because of them ripping open the pregnant women of Gilead In order to widen their territory. |
this is what ← thus.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. territory ← border. |
| Amos 1:14 | וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת רַבָּ֔ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ בִּתְרוּעָה֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּסַ֖עַר בְּי֥וֹם סוּפָֽה |
And I will light a fire on the wall of Rabbah, Which will consume her palaces, With an alarm sound on the day of war, With a storm on the day of the whirlwind. |
|
| Amos 1:15 | וְהָלַ֥ךְ מַלְכָּ֖ם בַּגּוֹלָ֑ה ה֧וּא וְשָׂרָ֛יו יַחְדָּ֖ו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And their king will go into captivity, He together with his princes, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Amos 2:1 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־שָׂרְפ֛וֹ עַצְמ֥וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־אֱד֖וֹם לַשִּֽׂיד׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Moab, And for four, I will not avert it, Because he burnt the bones of the king of Edom to lime. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 2:2 | וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּמוֹאָ֔ב וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֣וֹת הַקְּרִיּ֑וֹת וּמֵ֤ת בְּשָׁאוֹן֙ מוֹאָ֔ב בִּתְרוּעָ֖ה בְּק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃ |
And I will send fire to Moab, Which will consume the palaces of Kerioth, And Moab will die in a tumult, In an alarm sound – At the sound of the ramshorn. |
Kerioth: AV= Kirioth. Recognized as a place by [LHG], but the site is unknown. |
| Amos 2:3 | וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י שׁוֹפֵ֖ט מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֛יהָ אֶהֱר֥וֹג עִמּ֖וֹ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And I will cut off the judge from their midst, And I will kill all their princes with him, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Amos 2:4 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־מָאֳסָ֞ם אֶת־תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וְחֻקָּיו֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמָ֔רוּ וַיַּתְעוּם֙ כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הָלְכ֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Judah, And for four, I will not avert it, Because of them rejecting the law of the Lord, When they did not keep his statutes, And their lies led them astray – Lies which their fathers walked in. |
this is what ← thus.
walked in ← walked after. |
| Amos 2:5 | וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ |
And I will send fire to Judah, Which will consume the palaces of Jerusalem.” |
|
| Amos 2:6 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־מִכְרָ֤ם בַּכֶּ֙סֶף֙ צַדִּ֔יק וְאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּעֲב֥וּר נַעֲלָֽיִם׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “For three transgressions of Israel, And for four, I will not avert it, Because they sold the righteous for silver, And the poor in return for a pair of sandals. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 2:7 | הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֤ים עַל־עֲפַר־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ דַּלִּ֔ים וְדֶ֥רֶךְ עֲנָוִ֖ים יַטּ֑וּ וְאִ֣ישׁ וְאָבִ֗יו יֵֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה לְמַ֥עַן חַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי׃ |
They crush the head of the poor in the dust of the earth, And they pervert the way of the meek, And a man and his father go to a girl To profane my holy name. |
crush: AV differs (pant after). We take the metaphorical sense of [AnLx], and we consider it cognate with שׁוּף.
my holy name ← the name of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Amos 2:8 | וְעַל־בְּגָדִ֤ים חֲבֻלִים֙ יַטּ֔וּ אֵ֖צֶל כָּל־מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וְיֵ֤ין עֲנוּשִׁים֙ יִשְׁתּ֔וּ בֵּ֖ית אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And they recline in clothes taken in pledge, Next to every altar, And they drink confiscated wine In the house of their God. |
recline ← incline, stem-formation hiphil, elsewhere transitive.
God: AV differs (god), uncapitalized. |
| Amos 2:9 | וְאָ֨נֹכִ֜י הִשְׁמַ֤דְתִּי אֶת־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּגֹ֤בַהּ אֲרָזִים֙ גָּבְה֔וֹ וְחָסֹ֥ן ה֖וּא כָּֽאַלּוֹנִ֑ים וָאַשְׁמִ֤יד פִּרְיוֹ֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וְשָׁרָשָׁ֖יו מִתָּֽחַת׃ |
Yet I destroyed the Amorite before them, Whose height was as the height of cedars, And who was as strong as oak trees. And I destroyed his fruit above, And his roots below the ground. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Amos 2:10 | וְאָנֹכִ֛י הֶעֱלֵ֥יתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וָאוֹלֵ֨ךְ אֶתְכֶ֤ם בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה לָרֶ֖שֶׁת אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ |
And I brought you up out of the land of Egypt, And I led you in the desert for forty years, To inherit the land of the Amorite. |
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Amos 2:11 | וָאָקִ֤ים מִבְּנֵיכֶם֙ לִנְבִיאִ֔ים וּמִבַּחוּרֵיכֶ֖ם לִנְזִרִ֑ים הַאַ֥ף אֵֽין־זֹ֛את בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I raised up some of your sons to be prophets, And some of your youths to be Nazarites. Is this not so, O sons of Israel? Says the Lord, |
|
| Amos 2:12 | וַתַּשְׁק֥וּ אֶת־הַנְּזִרִ֖ים יָ֑יִן וְעַל־הַנְּבִיאִים֙ צִוִּיתֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֖א תִּנָּבְאֽוּ׃ |
But you gave the Nazarites wine to drink, And you commanded the prophets, saying, ‘Do not prophesy.’ |
|
| Amos 2:13 | הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י מֵעִ֖יק תַּחְתֵּיכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּעִיק֙ הָעֲגָלָ֔ה הַֽמְלֵאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ עָמִֽיר׃ |
Look, I am burdened by you, As a cart full of sheaves is burdened. |
am burdened by ... is burdened ← press down under ... presses down. An intransitive hiphil, or implicitly reflexive (supply myself etc.).
a cart ← the cart. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Amos 2:14 | וְאָבַ֤ד מָנוֹס֙ מִקָּ֔ל וְחָזָ֖ק לֹא־יְאַמֵּ֣ץ כֹּח֑וֹ וְגִבּ֖וֹר לֹא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
So refuge will be unavailable to the swift, And the strong will not be able to build up his force, And the warrior will not be able to save his life. |
so: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
life ← soul. |
| Amos 2:15 | וְתֹפֵ֤שׂ הַקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔ד וְקַ֥ל בְּרַגְלָ֖יו לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּ֑ט וְרֹכֵ֣ב הַסּ֔וּס לֹ֥א יְמַלֵּ֖ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
And the archer will not stand, And he who is swift on his feet will not escape, And he who rides on a horse will not save his life. |
life ← soul. |
| Amos 2:16 | וְאַמִּ֥יץ לִבּ֖וֹ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים עָר֛וֹם יָנ֥וּס בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
And he who is courageous among warriors Will flee naked on that day, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Amos 3:1 | שִׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַ֚ל כָּל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלֵ֛יתִי מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Hear this word which the Lord has spoken concerning you, you sons of Israel, concerning all the family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying, | |
| Amos 3:2 | רַ֚ק אֶתְכֶ֣ם יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִכֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲדָמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ אֶפְקֹ֣ד עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
“Only you have I known, Of all the families of the earth, Which is why I will visit on you All your iniquities. |
Compare Deut 4:34, Deut 7:6 - Deut 7:7.
earth ← ground. |
| Amos 3:3 | הֲיֵלְכ֥וּ שְׁנַ֖יִם יַחְדָּ֑ו בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־נוֹעָֽדוּ׃ |
Can two walk together, Unless they have met by appointment? |
have met by appointment: or are in agreement. |
| Amos 3:4 | הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃ |
Does the lion roar in the forest When it has no prey? Does the young lion sound its voice from its den If it has not caught anything? |
|
| Amos 3:5 | הֲתִפֹּ֤ל צִפּוֹר֙ עַל־פַּ֣ח הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמוֹקֵ֖שׁ אֵ֣ין לָ֑הּ הֲיַֽעֲלֶה־פַּח֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וְלָכ֖וֹד לֹ֥א יִלְכּֽוֹד׃ |
Does a bird fall into a snare on the ground When there is no bait set for it? Does the snare snap up from the ground When it has trapped nothing at all? |
bait ← trap. Perhaps just referring to the setting up of the trap.
snap up ← rise. AV differs (shall (one) take up). trapped nothing at all: using an infinitive absolute. |
| Amos 3:6 | אִם־יִתָּקַ֤ע שׁוֹפָר֙ בְּעִ֔יר וְעָ֖ם לֹ֣א יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ אִם־תִּהְיֶ֤ה רָעָה֙ בְּעִ֔יר וַיהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א עָשָֽׂה׃ |
Is the ramshorn ever sounded in the city Without the people fearing? Is there ever calamity in the city Which the Lord did not cause? |
cause ← do. |
| Amos 3:7 | כִּ֣י לֹ֧א יַעֲשֶׂ֛ה אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה דָּבָ֑ר כִּ֚י אִם־גָּלָ֣ה סוֹד֔וֹ אֶל־עֲבָדָ֖יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ |
For the Lord, the Lord, does not do anything, Except after he has revealed his secret To his servants, the prophets. |
|
| Amos 3:8 | אַרְיֵ֥ה שָׁאָ֖ג מִ֣י לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ דִּבֶּ֔ר מִ֖י לֹ֥א יִנָּבֵֽא׃ |
When the lion roars, Who will not fear? And when the Lord, the Lord, speaks, Who will not prophesy? |
|
| Amos 3:9 | הַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ עַל־אַרְמְנ֣וֹת בְּאַשְׁדּ֔וֹד וְעַֽל־אַרְמְנ֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְאִמְר֗וּ הֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ עַל־הָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְר֔וֹן וּרְא֞וּ מְהוּמֹ֤ת רַבּוֹת֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ וַעֲשׁוּקִ֖ים בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃ |
Proclaim it to the palaces in Ashdod, And to the palaces in the land of Egypt, And say, ‘Be gathered on the mountains of Samaria, And see the great consternation within it, And the oppressed in its midst.’ |
consternation ← consternations. |
| Amos 3:10 | וְלֹֽא־יָדְע֥וּ עֲשׂוֹת־נְכֹחָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הָאֽוֹצְרִ֛ים חָמָ֥ס וָשֹׁ֖ד בְּאַרְמְנֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ פ |
For they do not know how to do what is right, Says the Lord – Those who treasure up violence and spoil in their palaces. |
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Amos 3:11 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה צַ֖ר וּסְבִ֣יב הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהוֹרִ֤ד מִמֵּךְ֙ עֻזֵּ֔ךְ וְנָבֹ֖זּוּ אַרְמְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘There will be an adversary, And he will be around the land, And he will sap your strength from you, And your palaces will be plundered.’ |
this is what ← thus.
sap ← bring down. |
| Amos 3:12 | כֹּה֮ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יַצִּ֨יל הָרֹעֶ֜ה מִפִּ֧י הָאֲרִ֛י שְׁתֵּ֥י כְרָעַ֖יִם א֣וֹ בְדַל־אֹ֑זֶן כֵּ֣ן יִנָּצְל֞וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן בִּפְאַ֥ת מִטָּ֖ה וּבִדְמֶ֥שֶׁק עָֽרֶשׂ׃ |
This is what the Lord says: ‘As the shepherd saves two legs or a piece of an ear From the mouth of the lion, So the sons of Israel will be saved – Those dwelling in Samaria, In the corner of a bed Or on a damask couch. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 3:13 | שִׁמְע֥וּ וְהָעִ֖ידוּ בְּבֵ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַצְּבָאֽוֹת׃ |
Hear and testify in the house of Jacob, Says the Lord, the Lord God of hosts. |
in: or against. |
| Amos 3:14 | כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם פָּקְדִ֥י פִשְׁעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עָלָ֑יו וּפָֽקַדְתִּי֙ עַל־מִזְבְּח֣וֹת בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְנָפְל֖וּ לָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
For on the day when I visit the transgressions of Israel on them, I will also visit the altars of Beth-El, And the horns of the altars will be cut off, And they will fall to the ground. |
|
| Amos 3:15 | וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י בֵית־הַחֹ֖רֶף עַל־בֵּ֣ית הַקָּ֑יִץ וְאָבְד֞וּ בָּתֵּ֣י הַשֵּׁ֗ן וְסָפ֛וּ בָּתִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I will strike the winter house against the summer house, And the ivory houses will cease to exist, And many other houses will come to an end, Says the Lord. |
|
| Amos 4:1 | שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ |
Hear this word, you heifers of Bashan, Who are in the mountain of Samaria, Who oppress the poor, Who crush the needy, Who say to their lords, «Bring wine, And let us drink.» |
heifers: standing for women, or wives.
Bashan ← the Basham. |
| Amos 4:2 | נִשְׁבַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ בְּקָדְשׁ֔וֹ כִּ֛י הִנֵּ֥ה יָמִ֖ים בָּאִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְנִשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ בְּצִנּ֔וֹת וְאַחֲרִיתְכֶ֖ן בְּסִיר֥וֹת דּוּגָֽה׃ |
The Lord, the Lord, has sworn by his holiness, For look, the days are coming on you, When he will take you away by hooks, And your posterity by fishing tackle. |
|
| Amos 4:3 | וּפְרָצִ֥ים תֵּצֶ֖אנָה אִשָּׁ֣ה נֶגְדָּ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
And you will go out in waves, one opposite another, And you will throw the hooks at the palace, Says the Lord. |
you (2x): feminine plural.
waves ← bursts, or breaches. The sense is not clear to us, but we do not emend the text as many translations do. |
| Amos 4:4 | בֹּ֤אוּ בֵֽית־אֵל֙ וּפִשְׁע֔וּ הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל הַרְבּ֣וּ לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ וְהָבִ֤יאוּ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ זִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Go to Beth-El and transgress, And to Gilgal and transgress more. And bring your sacrifices in the morning, And within three days bring your tithes. |
Gilgal ← the Gilgal.
transgress more ← increase transgressing. days: [CB] notes as years, referring to Num 28:3 and Deut 14:28. But [WLC], LXX and the Vulgate read days. The grammatical forms ↴ |
| Amos 4:5 | וְקַטֵּ֤ר מֵֽחָמֵץ֙ תּוֹדָ֔ה וְקִרְא֥וּ נְדָב֖וֹת הַשְׁמִ֑יעוּ כִּ֣י כֵ֤ן אֲהַבְתֶּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ |
And burn your thank-offering with leavened bread, And call for the freewill-offerings. Proclaim them, For that is what you love, You sons of Israel, Says the Lord, the Lord. |
↳ revert to masculine in this and subsequent verses.
with ← from. that is what ← so. The verse is ironic. |
| Amos 4:6 | וְגַם־אֲנִי֩ נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם נִקְי֤וֹן שִׁנַּ֙יִם֙ בְּכָל־עָ֣רֵיכֶ֔ם וְחֹ֣סֶר לֶ֔חֶם בְּכֹ֖ל מְקוֹמֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Now I myself have given you clean teeth in all your cities, And shortage of bread in all your places, Yet you have not returned to me, Says the Lord. |
clean teeth ← cleanness of teeth, standing for famine.
yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| Amos 4:7 | וְגַ֣ם אָנֹכִי֩ מָנַ֨עְתִּי מִכֶּ֜ם אֶת־הַגֶּ֗שֶׁם בְּע֨וֹד שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ לַקָּצִ֔יר וְהִמְטַרְתִּי֙ עַל־עִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת וְעַל־עִ֥יר אַחַ֖ת לֹ֣א אַמְטִ֑יר חֶלְקָ֤ה אַחַת֙ תִּמָּטֵ֔ר וְחֶלְקָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־תַמְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ תִּיבָֽשׁ׃ |
And I have also withheld rain from you, With three months to go before the harvest, And I brought rain to one city, But I did not bring rain to another city. One parcel of land was rained on, But the parcel of land where I brought no rain Dried up. |
I brought no rain: third person feminine, standing for my soul (=I), compare Ps 16:2, or second person masculine, so an interlocution, you brought no rain, in direct speech, by Amos.
AV differs somewhat in word association. |
| Amos 4:8 | וְנָע֡וּ שְׁתַּיִם֩ שָׁלֹ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים אֶל־עִ֥יר אַחַ֛ת לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֑עוּ וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
So the inhabitants of two or three cities had to travel to one city and back To drink water, And they were not satiated, Yet you did not return to me, Says the Lord. |
yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Amos 4:9 | הִכֵּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶם֮ בַּשִּׁדָּפ֣וֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן֒ הַרְבּ֨וֹת גַּנּוֹתֵיכֶ֧ם וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֛ם וּתְאֵנֵיכֶ֥ם וְזֵיתֵיכֶ֖ם יֹאכַ֣ל הַגָּזָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I struck you with much blight and mildew In your gardens and vineyards, And the gnawing locust ate your fig trees and olive trees, Yet you did not return to me, Says the Lord. |
yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Amos 4:10 | שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
I sent a plague to you, Egyptian style. I killed your youths with the sword, With capture of your horses, And I caused the stench of your camps to go up into your nostrils, Yet you did not return to me, Says the Lord. |
Egyptian style ← in the way of Egypt.
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Amos 4:11 | הָפַ֣כְתִּי בָכֶ֗ם כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֤ת אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־סְדֹ֣ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֔ה וַתִּהְי֕וּ כְּא֖וּד מֻצָּ֣ל מִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
I have caused overthrowings among you, Like the overthrow of God of Sodom and Gomorrah, And you became like a firebrand rescued from the fire, Yet you did not return to me, Says the Lord. |
overthrow of God: perhaps an idiom for an extreme quality, a mighty overthrow; compare Gen 23:6 etc.
yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Amos 4:12 | לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂה־לְּךָ֖ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֵ֚קֶב כִּֽי־זֹ֣את אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ הִכּ֥וֹן לִקְרַאת־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
So I will deal with you this way, O Israel. Now because this is what I will do to you, Prepare to meet your God, O Israel. |
|
| Amos 4:13 | כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֙חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
For look, he who forms the mountains, And creates the wind, And tells man what his purpose is, Makes dawn darkness, And treads on the idolatrous raised sites of the land – The Lord God of hosts is his name. |
his purpose: i.e. God's purpose, by analogy with Amos 3:7. AV differs (uncapitalized pronoun). N.B. Our convention is not to capitalize pronouns at all. |
| Amos 5:1 | שִׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֜י נֹשֵׂ֧א עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם קִינָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Hear this word which I am relating against you as a lamentation, O house of Israel. | relating ← raising, an idiom introducing prophecy, lamentations etc. |
| Amos 5:2 | נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ׃ |
The virgin of Israel has fallen; She cannot get up again. She has been left on the ground; There is no-one to lift her up.’ |
the ground ← her ground. |
| Amos 5:3 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָעִ֛יר הַיֹּצֵ֥את אֶ֖לֶף תַּשְׁאִ֣יר מֵאָ֑ה וְהַיּוֹצֵ֥את מֵאָ֛ה תַּשְׁאִ֥יר עֲשָׂרָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
For this is what the Lord, the Lord, says: ‘The city that goes out with a thousand Will be left with a hundred, And the city that goes out with a hundred Will be left with ten Remaining to the house of Israel.’ |
this is what ← thus.
will be left with (2x) ← will leave, i.e. to itself. |
| Amos 5:4 | כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל דִּרְשׁ֖וּנִי וִֽחְיֽוּ׃ |
For this is what the Lord says to the house of Israel: ‘Seek me and live. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 5:5 | וְאַֽל־תִּדְרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְהַגִּלְגָּל֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔אוּ וּבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֑רוּ כִּ֤י הַגִּלְגָּל֙ גָּלֹ֣ה יִגְלֶ֔ה וּבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה לְאָֽוֶן׃ |
But do not seek Beth-El, And do not go to Gilgal, And do not cross to Beersheba, For Gilgal will certainly go into exile, And Beth-El will be annihilated. |
Gilgal (2x) ← the Gilgal.
will certainly go into exile: infinitive absolute. annihilated ← nothingness. |
| Amos 5:6 | דִּרְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וִֽחְי֑וּ פֶּן־יִצְלַ֤ח כָּאֵשׁ֙ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף וְאָכְלָ֥ה וְאֵין־מְכַבֶּ֖ה לְבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃ |
Seek the Lord and live Lest he advances like a fire over the house of Joseph, And it consumes it, And there is no-one to extinguish it in Beth-El, |
in Beth-El ← for Beth-El. |
| Amos 5:7 | הַהֹפְכִ֥ים לְלַעֲנָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה לָאָ֥רֶץ הִנִּֽיחוּ׃ |
You who turn judgment to wormwood, And who lay righteousness down on the ground. |
wormwood: i.e., metaphorically, distress. |
| Amos 5:8 | עֹשֵׂ֨ה כִימָ֜ה וּכְסִ֗יל וְהֹפֵ֤ךְ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ צַלְמָ֔וֶת וְי֖וֹם לַ֣יְלָה הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ הַקּוֹרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס |
He who makes the Pleiades and Orion, And turns the shadow of death into morning, And darkens day into night, Who calls the water of the sea And pours it onto the face of the earth – The Lord is his name – |
|
| Amos 5:9 | הַמַּבְלִ֥יג שֹׁ֖ד עַל־עָ֑ז וְשֹׁ֖ד עַל־מִבְצָ֥ר יָבֽוֹא׃ |
Who brings sudden destruction on the strong, And destruction which will come upon the fortification. |
AV differs throughout (That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress). |
| Amos 5:10 | שָׂנְא֥וּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מוֹכִ֑יחַ וְדֹבֵ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יְתָעֵֽבוּ׃ |
They have hated him who rebuked at the gate, And they have loathed him who speaks that which is upright. |
gate: or law court, where judicial hearings were held. |
| Amos 5:11 | לָ֠כֵן יַ֣עַן בּוֹשַׁסְכֶ֞ם עַל־דָּ֗ל וּמַשְׂאַת־בַּר֙ תִּקְח֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ בָּתֵּ֥י גָזִ֛ית בְּנִיתֶ֖ם וְלֹא־תֵ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑ם כַּרְמֵי־חֶ֣מֶד נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתּ֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָֽם׃ |
Therefore, because you have trampled on the poor And taken a cart-load of grain from him, Although you have built houses of hewn stone, You will not live in them, And although you have planted attractive vineyards, You will not drink their wine. |
|
| Amos 5:12 | כִּ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ רַבִּ֣ים פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑ם צֹרְרֵ֤י צַדִּיק֙ לֹ֣קְחֵי כֹ֔פֶר וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים בַּשַּׁ֥עַר הִטּֽוּ׃ |
For I know that your transgressions are many, And that your sins are enormous. They are oppressors of the righteous, And takers of bribes, And they pervert the justice of the poor at the gate. |
bribes: or ransom, but apparently bribe in 1 Sam 12:3.
gate: or law court, where judicial hearings were held. |
| Amos 5:13 | לָכֵ֗ן הַמַּשְׂכִּ֛יל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא יִדֹּ֑ם כִּ֛י עֵ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִֽיא׃ |
Therefore let him who is prudent Be silent at that time, For it is an evil time. |
|
| Amos 5:14 | דִּרְשׁוּ־ט֥וֹב וְאַל־רָ֖ע לְמַ֣עַן תִּֽחְי֑וּ וִיהִי־כֵ֞ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֛וֹת אִתְּכֶ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּֽם׃ |
Seek good and not evil, In order that you may live, And it will be the case That the Lord God of hosts will be with you, As you have said. |
the case ← so / thus. |
| Amos 5:15 | שִׂנְאוּ־רָע֙ וְאֶ֣הֱבוּ ט֔וֹב וְהַצִּ֥יגוּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מִשְׁפָּ֑ט אוּלַ֗י יֶֽחֱנַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יוֹסֵֽף׃ ס |
Hate evil and love good, And install justice at the gate; Maybe the Lord God of hosts will be merciful To the remnant of Joseph.’ |
gate: or law court, where judicial hearings were held. |
| Amos 5:16 | לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י בְּכָל־רְחֹב֣וֹת מִסְפֵּ֔ד וּבְכָל־חוּצ֖וֹת יֹאמְר֣וּ הוֹ־ה֑וֹ וְקָרְא֤וּ אִכָּר֙ אֶל־אֵ֔בֶל וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד אֶל־י֥וֹדְעֵי נֶֽהִי׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord God of hosts – The Lord* – says: ‘There will be mourning in all streets, And in all open places they will say, «Woe, Woe», And they will call the farmer to lamentation, And those who know wailing, to mourning. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
this is what ← thus. |
| Amos 5:17 | וּבְכָל־כְּרָמִ֖ים מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־אֶעֱבֹ֥ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֖ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And there will be mourning in all the vineyards, For I will pass through your precincts, Says the Lord. |
|
| Amos 5:18 | ה֥וֹי הַמִּתְאַוִּ֖ים אֶת־י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם י֥וֹם יְהוָ֖ה הוּא־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־אֽוֹר׃ |
Woe to those who long for the day of the Lord. What is it to you? The day of the Lord is darkness And not light. |
Rev 1:10.
what is it ← why (is) this. The sense is What (good news) (is) it ...? |
| Amos 5:19 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנ֥וּס אִישׁ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֲרִ֔י וּפְגָע֖וֹ הַדֹּ֑ב וּבָ֣א הַבַּ֔יִת וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־הַקִּ֔יר וּנְשָׁכ֖וֹ הַנָּחָֽשׁ׃ |
It is like a man fleeing from the lion, When a bear meets him, Or when he comes home, When he rests his arm on a wall, A serpent bites him. |
a wall ... a serpent ← the wall ... the serpent. Unexpected definite articles; compare Gen 22:9. |
| Amos 5:20 | הֲלֹא־חֹ֛שֶׁךְ י֥וֹם יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹא־א֑וֹר וְאָפֵ֖ל וְלֹא־נֹ֥גַֽהּ לֽוֹ׃ |
Is not the day of the Lord darkness and not light? And is it not gloomy With no brightness in it? |
Rev 1:10. |
| Amos 5:21 | שָׂנֵ֥אתִי מָאַ֖סְתִּי חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֥א אָרִ֖יחַ בְּעַצְּרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
I hate, I reject your feasts, And I do not fragrantly smell your solemn assemblies. |
|
| Amos 5:22 | כִּ֣י אִם־תַּעֲלוּ־לִ֥י עֹל֛וֹת וּמִנְחֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֣א אֶרְצֶ֑ה וְשֶׁ֥לֶם מְרִיאֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א אַבִּֽיט׃ |
Although you offer burnt offerings and your meal-offerings to me, I will not receive them, And I will not take pleasure in the peace-offering of your fatted calves. |
take pleasure ← look upon with pleasure. |
| Amos 5:23 | הָסֵ֥ר מֵעָלַ֖י הֲמ֣וֹן שִׁרֶ֑יךָ וְזִמְרַ֥ת נְבָלֶ֖יךָ לֹ֥א אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ |
Remove from me the noise of your songs, For I will not hear the music of your lutes. |
|
| Amos 5:24 | וְיִגַּ֥ל כַּמַּ֖יִם מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה כְּנַ֥חַל אֵיתָֽן׃ |
Let judgment roll on like water, And righteousness like a constant stream. |
constant: as opposed to seasonal. |
| Amos 5:25 | הַזְּבָחִ֨ים וּמִנְחָ֜ה הִֽגַּשְׁתֶּם־לִ֧י בַמִּדְבָּ֛ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
For forty years you offered me sacrifices and meal-offerings in the desert, O house of Israel. |
Acts 7:42.
meal-offerings ← meal-offering. |
| Amos 5:26 | וּנְשָׂאתֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת סִכּ֣וּת מַלְכְּכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת כִּיּ֣וּן צַלְמֵיכֶ֑ם כּוֹכַב֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃ |
But you raised up the shrine of your king, And Saturn, your images and the star of your gods Which you made for yourselves. |
your king: this could be re-pointed to your Moloch, as in Acts 7:43.
Acts 7:43. Saturn: Hebrew Chiun, the Egyptian / Greek god Remphan. gods: or god. |
| Amos 5:27 | וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ פ |
So I will deport you to beyond Damascus, Says the Lord – The God of hosts is his name. |
Acts 7:43, where the city mentioned is Babylon. |
| Amos 6:1 | ה֚וֹי הַשַּׁאֲנַנִּ֣ים בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וְהַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בְּהַ֣ר שֹׁמְר֑וֹן נְקֻבֵי֙ רֵאשִׁ֣ית הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וּבָ֥אוּ לָהֶ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Woe to those at ease in Zion, And those who trust in the mountain of Samaria – Those who are designated the foremost of the nations – To whom the house of Israel came. |
The sense is: Woe to the elite of Judah, and to the privileged whole unsplit house of Israel, to whom split-off northern Israel came (for justice and judgment). See [CB]. |
| Amos 6:2 | עִבְר֤וּ כַֽלְנֵה֙ וּרְא֔וּ וּלְכ֥וּ מִשָּׁ֖ם חֲמַ֣ת רַבָּ֑ה וּרְד֣וּ גַת־פְּלִשְׁתּ֗ים הֲטוֹבִים֙ מִן־הַמַּמְלָכ֣וֹת הָאֵ֔לֶּה אִם־רַ֥ב גְּבוּלָ֖ם מִגְּבֻלְכֶֽם׃ |
Cross to Calneh and look, And go from there to Greater Hamath, And go down to Gath of the Philistines. Are they better than these kingdoms, And is their border greater than your border? |
Calneh ... Greater Hamath ... Gath: these had been overthrown, as we interpret [CB].
border?: read the question mark as question-comma. The next line would be uncapitalized in prose format. |
| Amos 6:3 | הַֽמְנַדִּ֖ים לְי֣וֹם רָ֑ע וַתַּגִּישׁ֖וּן שֶׁ֥בֶת חָמָֽס׃ |
– You who push back the evil day, But bring forward the seat of violence, |
push back: i.e. in their minds.
seat of violence: antithetically reminiscent of AV's mercy seat (our atonement cover), but it is not the same word for seat. |
| Amos 6:4 | הַשֹּֽׁכְבִים֙ עַל־מִטּ֣וֹת שֵׁ֔ן וּסְרֻחִ֖ים עַל־עַרְשׂוֹתָ֑ם וְאֹכְלִ֤ים כָּרִים֙ מִצֹּ֔אן וַעֲגָלִ֖ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ מַרְבֵּֽק׃ |
You who lie on ivory beds And stretch out on their couches And eat the fatted lambs of the flock and calves from the stall, |
you ... their: the sentence starts in Amos 6:2 with an imperative (second person), but it changes to third person in this verse.
stretch out ← (are) stretched out. |
| Amos 6:5 | הַפֹּרְטִ֖ים עַל־פִּ֣י הַנָּ֑בֶל כְּדָוִ֕יד חָשְׁב֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כְּלֵי־שִֽׁיר׃ |
Who chant to the sound of the lute, Who like David invent for themselves musical instruments, |
themselves: on the grammatical person, see note to Amos 6:4.
musical instruments ← instruments of song. |
| Amos 6:6 | הַשֹּׁתִ֤ים בְּמִזְרְקֵי֙ יַ֔יִן וְרֵאשִׁ֥ית שְׁמָנִ֖ים יִמְשָׁ֑חוּ וְלֹ֥א נֶחְל֖וּ עַל־שֵׁ֥בֶר יוֹסֵֽף |
Who drink from sacrificial wine dishes And anoint themselves with prime oils, And who are not grieved by the break-up of Joseph. |
themselves: on the grammatical person, see note to Amos 6:4.
the break-up of Joseph: i.e. the splitting of Israel into two kingdoms. |
| Amos 6:7 | לָכֵ֛ן עַתָּ֥ה יִגְל֖וּ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ גֹּלִ֑ים וְסָ֖ר מִרְזַ֥ח סְרוּחִֽים׃ פ |
That is why they will now go into captivity, At the head of the body of captives. And the merrymaking of those reclining will be gone.’ |
|
| Amos 6:8 | נִשְׁבַּע֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צְבָא֔וֹת מְתָאֵ֤ב אָֽנֹכִי֙ אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְאַרְמְנֹתָ֖יו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֖י עִ֥יר וּמְלֹאָֽהּ׃ |
The Lord, the Lord, has sworn by himself, Says the Lord God of hosts, ‘I abhor the pride of Jacob, And I hate his palaces, So I will deliver up the city and its fulness.’ |
himself ← his soul. |
| Amos 6:9 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־יִוָּ֨תְר֜וּ עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים בְּבַ֥יִת אֶחָ֖ד וָמֵֽתוּ׃ | And it will come to pass, if ten men remain in one house, that they will die. | |
| Amos 6:10 | וּנְשָׂא֞וֹ דּוֹד֣וֹ וּמְסָרְפ֗וֹ לְהוֹצִ֣יא עֲצָמִים֮ מִן־הַבַּיִת֒ וְאָמַ֞ר לַאֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַבַּ֛יִת הַע֥וֹד עִמָּ֖ךְ וְאָמַ֣ר אָ֑פֶס וְאָמַ֣ר הָ֔ס כִּ֛י לֹ֥א לְהַזְכִּ֖יר בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And a man's uncle will take him aside, as will his cremator, to take the bones out from the house, and he will say to anyone who is at the sides of the house, ‘Are there any more with you?’ And he will say, ‘None.’ And he will say, ‘Keep quiet, for it is not the time to make mention of the name of the Lord.’ | |
| Amos 6:11 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ מְצַוֶּ֔ה וְהִכָּ֛ה הַבַּ֥יִת הַגָּד֖וֹל רְסִיסִ֑ים וְהַבַּ֥יִת הַקָּטֹ֖ן בְּקִעִֽים׃ |
For look, the Lord commands And strikes a large house into fragments, And a small house into split stone. |
a large house ... a small house: unexpected definite articles. See Gen 22:9. |
| Amos 6:12 | הַיְרֻצ֤וּן בַּסֶּ֙לַע֙ סוּסִ֔ים אִֽם־יַחֲר֖וֹשׁ בַּבְּקָרִ֑ים כִּֽי־הֲפַכְתֶּ֤ם לְרֹאשׁ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּפְרִ֥י צְדָקָ֖ה לְלַעֲנָֽה׃ |
Do horses run on a rock, Or does anyone plough it with oxen? For you have turned justice into hemlock, And the fruit of righteousness into wormwood. |
|
| Amos 6:13 | הַשְּׂמֵחִ֖ים לְלֹ֣א דָבָ֑ר הָאֹ֣מְרִ֔ים הֲל֣וֹא בְחָזְקֵ֔נוּ לָקַ֥חְנוּ לָ֖נוּ קַרְנָֽיִם׃ |
You rejoice in a thing of no substance, Saying, ‘Did we not acquire our prestigious position through our own strength?’ |
a thing of no substance ← a not a thing.
prestigious position ← horns. |
| Amos 6:14 | כִּ֡י הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַצְּבָא֖וֹת גּ֑וֹי וְלָחֲצ֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִלְּב֥וֹא חֲמָ֖ת עַד־נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ ס |
For look, I am about to raise a nation up against you, O house of Israel, Says the Lord God of hosts, And they will oppress you, So that you cannot go to Hamath Or anywhere up to the brook of the arid tract.” |
I am about to ← behold me.
Hamath: AV= Hemath here. |
| Amos 7:1 | כֹּ֤ה הִרְאַ֙נִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהִנֵּה֙ יוֹצֵ֣ר גֹּבַ֔י בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת עֲל֣וֹת הַלָּ֑קֶשׁ וְהִ֨נֵּה־לֶ֔קֶשׁ אַחַ֖ר גִּזֵּ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord showed me, and what I saw was him fashioning the locust at the start of when the latter growth springs up, and then I saw the latter growth after the king's reapings. |
this is what ← thus.
what I saw was ... then I saw ← behold ... behold. locust: not one of those in Joel 1:4. reapings: of grass / herbs, Amos 7:2; perhaps of hay. AV differs slightly (mowings). |
| Amos 7:2 | וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־כִּלָּה֙ לֶֽאֱכוֹל֙ אֶת־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ סְֽלַֽח־נָ֔א מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י קָטֹ֖ן הֽוּא׃ | And it came to pass, when the locust had finished eating the grass of the land, that I said, “My Lord the Lord, please forgive the question. Who will endure it? Will Jacob? For he is small.” |
grass: or herbs.
who: AV differs (by whom). endure: or rise; prosper. |
| Amos 7:3 | נִחַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־זֹ֑את לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And the Lord repented over this. “It will not come to pass”, said the Lord. | |
| Amos 7:4 | כֹּ֤ה הִרְאַ֙נִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה קֹרֵ֛א לָרִ֥ב בָּאֵ֖שׁ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ אֶת־תְּה֣וֹם רַבָּ֔ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אֶת־הַחֵֽלֶק׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord showed me, and what I saw was my Lord the Lord calling for a contention by fire, and it consumed the Great Ocean, and it consumed a portion of land. |
this is what ← thus.
what I saw was ← behold. a portion ← the portion. Hebrew often has an unexpected definite article, as in Gen 22:9, but perhaps definite here. [CB] refers this to what is given to Israel. |
| Amos 7:5 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ חֲדַל־נָ֔א מִ֥י יָק֖וּם יַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י קָטֹ֖ן הֽוּא׃ | And I said, “My Lord the Lord, please stop. Who will endure it? Will Jacob? For he is small.” | endure: see Amos 7:2. |
| Amos 7:6 | נִחַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַל־זֹ֑את גַּם־הִיא֙ לֹ֣א תִֽהְיֶ֔ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס | And the Lord repented over this. “This will not come to pass either”, my Lord the Lord said. | |
| Amos 7:7 | כֹּ֣ה הִרְאַ֔נִי וְהִנֵּ֧ה אֲדֹנָ֛י נִצָּ֖ב עַל־חוֹמַ֣ת אֲנָ֑ךְ וּבְיָד֖וֹ אֲנָֽךְ׃ | This is what he showed me, and what I saw was the Lord* standing on a vertical wall, and in his hand was a plumbline. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
this is what ← thus. what I saw was ← behold. vertical wall ← wall of plumbline. |
| Amos 7:8 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י מָֽה־אַתָּ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ עָמ֔וֹס וָאֹמַ֖ר אֲנָ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹנָ֗י הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֤ם אֲנָךְ֙ בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד עֲב֥וֹר לֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord said to me, “What do you see, Amos?” And I said, “A plumbline.” And the Lord* said,
“I am about to place a plumbline In the midst of my people Israel. I will not forgive them any more. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
I am about to ← behold me. forgive ← pass through, but also pass by, metaphorically. |
| Amos 7:9 | וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת יִשְׂחָ֔ק וּמִקְדְּשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ וְקַמְתִּ֛י עַל־בֵּ֥ית יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ פ |
And the high places of Isaac will become desolate, And the sanctuaries of Israel will be devastated. And I will rise up against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.” |
|
| Amos 7:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲמַצְיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל אֶל־יָרָבְעָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר קָשַׁ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ עָמ֗וֹס בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹא־תוּכַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ לְהָכִ֖יל אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָֽיו׃ | Then Amaziah the priest of Beth-El sent word to Jeroboam the king of Israel and said, “Amos has conspired against you in the midst of the house of Israel. The land is not able to endure any of his words. |
the priest of Beth-El sent: regrouping, one could read, the priest sent (word to) Beth-El, which was the place of the royal residence, Amos 7:13.
any ← all. |
| Amos 7:11 | כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר עָמ֔וֹס בַּחֶ֖רֶב יָמ֣וּת יָרָבְעָ֑ם וְיִ֨שְׂרָאֵ֔ל גָּלֹ֥ה יִגְלֶ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ ס |
For this is what Amos says:
‘Jeroboam will die by the sword, And Israel will certainly go into captivity, Away from its land.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
away from ← from on. |
| Amos 7:12 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲמַצְיָה֙ אֶל־עָמ֔וֹס חֹזֶ֕ה לֵ֥ךְ בְּרַח־לְךָ֖ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וֶאֱכָל־שָׁ֣ם לֶ֔חֶם וְשָׁ֖ם תִּנָּבֵֽא׃ | And Amaziah said to Amos, “Go, you seer. Flee to the land of Judah, and eat bread there, and prophesy there. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Amos 7:13 | וּבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד לְהִנָּבֵ֑א כִּ֤י מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ ה֔וּא וּבֵ֥ית מַמְלָכָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ ס | And do not prophesy any more in Beth-El, for it is the king's sanctuary, and it is the royal residence.” | royal residence ← house of the kingdom. |
| Amos 7:14 | וַיַּ֤עַן עָמוֹס֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֔ה לֹא־נָבִ֣יא אָנֹ֔כִי וְלֹ֥א בֶן־נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי כִּֽי־בוֹקֵ֥ר אָנֹ֖כִי וּבוֹלֵ֥ס שִׁקְמִֽים׃ | Then Amos answered and said to Amaziah, “I am not a prophet, and I am not a prophet's son, for I am a herdsman and a picker of sycamore fig fruit.” | I am not a prophet: perhaps ironic, since his prophecies were rejected. Or perhaps supply by profession. |
| Amos 7:15 | וַיִּקָּחֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י הַצֹּ֑אן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ יְהוָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ הִנָּבֵ֖א אֶל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But the Lord took me from looking after the flock, and the Lord said to me, “Go and prophesy to my people Israel, and say, | |
| Amos 7:16 | וְעַתָּ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֗ר לֹ֤א תִנָּבֵא֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תַטִּ֖יף עַל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂחָֽק׃ |
‘And now, hear the word of the Lord, you who are saying,
«Do not prophesy against Israel, And do not distil prognostications against the house of Isaac.» |
Isaac: in an unusual spelling. |
| Amos 7:17 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֞ בָּעִ֤יר תִּזְנֶה֙ וּבָנֶ֤יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ וְאַדְמָתְךָ֖ בַּחֶ֣בֶל תְּחֻלָּ֑ק וְאַתָּ֗ה עַל־אֲדָמָ֤ה טְמֵאָה֙ תָּמ֔וּת וְיִ֨שְׂרָאֵ֔ל גָּלֹ֥ה יִגְלֶ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ ס |
Because of that, this is what the Lord says:
«Your wife will commit whoredom in the city, And your sons and daughters will fall by the sword, And your land will be divided up with the measuring line, And you will die on unclean land, And Israel will certainly go into captivity Away from its land.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
certainly go into captivity: infinitive absolute. away from ← from on. |
| Amos 8:1 | כֹּ֥ה הִרְאַ֖נִי אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֖ה כְּל֥וּב קָֽיִץ׃ | This is what my Lord the Lord showed me, and what I saw was a basket of summer fruit. |
this is what ← thus.
what I saw was ← behold. |
| Amos 8:2 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־אַתָּ֤ה רֹאֶה֙ עָמ֔וֹס וָאֹמַ֖ר כְּל֣וּב קָ֑יִץ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י בָּ֤א הַקֵּץ֙ אֶל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹא־אוֹסִ֥יף ע֖וֹד עֲב֥וֹר לֽוֹ׃ |
And he said, “What do you see, Amos?” And I said, “A basket of summer fruit.” And the Lord said to me,
“The end has come to my people Israel; I will not forgive them any more. |
forgive: or pass through. Compare Amos 7:8. |
| Amos 8:3 | וְהֵילִ֜ילוּ שִׁיר֤וֹת הֵיכָל֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה רַ֣ב הַפֶּ֔גֶר בְּכָל־מָק֖וֹם הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ הָֽס׃ פ |
And the songs of the temple will be howlings on that day, Says the Lord, the Lord. Corpses will be numerous everywhere. Men will say, ‘He has cast it off. Keep silence.’ |
the songs of the temple will be howlings: or they will howl songs of the temple.
he has cast it off: AV differs (they shall cast them forth). |
| Amos 8:4 | שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֕את הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים אֶבְי֑וֹן וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית *ענוי־**עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Hear this, you who swallow up the needy And in so doing, put a stop To the livelihood of the {Q: poor} [K: meek] of the land, |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
put a stop ← to put a stop. |
| Amos 8:5 | לֵאמֹ֗ר מָתַ֞י יַעֲבֹ֤ר הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה שֶּׁ֔בֶר וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְנִפְתְּחָה־בָּ֑ר לְהַקְטִ֤ין אֵיפָה֙ וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל שֶׁ֔קֶל וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִרְמָֽה׃ |
Saying, ‘When will the new moon be over, So we can sell corn? And the Sabbath, So we can open the grain stores, Selling a short ephah, And in so doing, make more shekels, And swindle with false balances; |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
swindle ← distort. |
| Amos 8:6 | לִקְנ֤וֹת בַּכֶּ֙סֶף֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּעֲב֣וּר נַעֲלָ֑יִם וּמַפַּ֥ל בַּ֖ר נַשְׁבִּֽיר׃ |
So we can buy the poverty-stricken for silver, And the needy for a pair of sandals’, And saying, ‘Let us sell the refuse of the grain.’ |
|
| Amos 8:7 | נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה בִּגְא֣וֹן יַעֲקֹ֑ב אִם־אֶשְׁכַּ֥ח לָנֶ֖צַח כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ |
The Lord has sworn by the excellency of Jacob, ‘I will certainly never forget any of their works.’ |
I will certainly never forget: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35, enhanced by for ever.
any ← all. |
| Amos 8:8 | הַ֤עַל זֹאת֙ לֹֽא־תִרְגַּ֣ז הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאָבַ֖ל כָּל־יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֑הּ וְעָלְתָ֤ה כָאֹר֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְנִגְרְשָׁ֥ה *ונשקה **וְנִשְׁקְעָ֖ה כִּיא֥וֹר מִצְרָֽיִם׃ ס |
Will the land not tremble for this, And every inhabitant on it mourn? And will it not all rise like a river And be driven about And be submerged like the River of Egypt? |
be submerged: the ketiv is from נשׁקה, be overflown, and the qeré is from נשׁקע, be submerged. So the meanings are similar. |
| Amos 8:9 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֥י לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּי֥וֹם אֽוֹר׃ |
And it will happen on that day, Says the Lord, the Lord, That I will make the sun set at noon, And I will make the earth dark on a day in broad daylight. |
|
| Amos 8:10 | וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃ |
And I will turn your feasts into mourning And all your songs into a dirge, And I will cause you to put sackcloth round every waist, And there will be baldness on every head, And I will make the land like mourning for an only son, And its final condition will be a bitter day. |
the land ← it, feminine.
for an only son ← of an only (one). LXX= ἀγαπητοῦ, of a beloved; Vulgate= unigniti, of an only-begotten. a bitter day ← like a bitter day, but see note to Gen 24:28. |
| Amos 8:11 | הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֗ים נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ לֹֽא־רָעָ֤ב לַלֶּ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹֽא־צָמָ֣א לַמַּ֔יִם כִּ֣י אִם־לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Behold, the days are coming, Says the Lord, the Lord, When I will send a famine to the land, But not a famine of bread, And not thirst for water, But one of hearing the words of the Lord. |
|
| Amos 8:12 | וְנָעוּ֙ מִיָּ֣ם עַד־יָ֔ם וּמִצָּפ֖וֹן וְעַד־מִזְרָ֑ח יְשֽׁוֹטְט֛וּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יִמְצָֽאוּ׃ |
And they will wander from sea to sea, And from the north to the east, And they will run to and fro To seek the word of the Lord, But they will not find it. |
wander: or stagger. |
| Amos 8:13 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא תִּ֠תְעַלַּפְנָה הַבְּתוּלֹ֧ת הַיָּפ֛וֹת וְהַבַּחוּרִ֖ים בַּצָּמָֽא׃ |
On that day, the beautiful virgins will faint, As will the young men, from thirst, |
faint: or veil themselves, in which case there is a play on words, as the word also yokes the young men, who simply faint from thirst (unveiled). |
| Amos 8:14 | הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים֙ בְּאַשְׁמַ֣ת שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וְאָמְר֗וּ חֵ֤י אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ דָּ֔ן וְחֵ֖י דֶּ֣רֶךְ בְּאֵֽר־שָׁ֑בַע וְנָפְל֖וּ וְלֹא־יָק֥וּמוּ עֽוֹד׃ ס |
Who swear by the guilt of Samaria, And say, ‘As your God lives, Dan’, And, ‘As the way of Beersheba lives.’ So they will fall, And not rise again.” |
|
| Amos 9:1 | רָאִ֨יתִי אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֜י נִצָּ֣ב עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַ֨ךְ הַכַּפְתּ֜וֹר וְיִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ הַסִּפִּ֗ים וּבְצַ֙עַם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖ם בַּחֶ֣רֶב אֶהֱרֹ֑ג לֹֽא־יָנ֤וּס לָהֶם֙ נָ֔ס וְלֹֽא־יִמָּלֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם פָּלִֽיט׃ |
I saw the Lord* standing on the altar, And he said, “Strike the capital of the pillar So that the lintels shake, And make them all crash onto their heads, And I will kill the last of them with the sword. None of them fleeing will get away, And no fugitive among them will escape. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
lintels ← thresholds, but here apparently the “threshold” above the head. |
| Amos 9:2 | אִם־יַחְתְּר֣וּ בִשְׁא֔וֹל מִשָּׁ֖ם יָדִ֣י תִקָּחֵ֑ם וְאִֽם־יַעֲלוּ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם מִשָּׁ֖ם אוֹרִידֵֽם׃ |
Even if they dig through to the underworld, My hand will take them from there, And even if they ascend to heaven, I will bring them down from there. |
underworld: or grave. |
| Amos 9:3 | וְאִם־יֵחָֽבְאוּ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל מִשָּׁ֥ם אֲחַפֵּ֖שׂ וּלְקַחְתִּ֑ים וְאִם־יִסָּ֨תְר֜וּ מִנֶּ֤גֶד עֵינַי֙ בְּקַרְקַ֣ע הַיָּ֔ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַנָּחָ֖שׁ וּנְשָׁכָֽם׃ |
And if they hide on the top of Carmel, I will search and take them from there, And if they conceal themselves from my eyes on the sea bed, I will command the serpent And it will bite them, Ousting them from there. |
Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| Amos 9:4 | וְאִם־יֵלְכ֤וּ בַשְּׁבִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיבֵיהֶ֔ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֲצַוֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַחֶ֖רֶב וַהֲרָגָ֑תַם וְשַׂמְתִּ֨י עֵינִ֧י עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָעָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א לְטוֹבָֽה׃ |
And if they go into exile before their enemies, There I will command the sword, And it will kill them. And I will set my eye against them, For their harm and not for their good. |
there ← from there. |
| Amos 9:5 | וַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה הַצְּבָא֗וֹת הַנּוֹגֵ֤עַ בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ וַתָּמ֔וֹג וְאָבְל֖וּ כָּל־י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְעָלְתָ֤ה כַיְאֹר֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְשָׁקְעָ֖ה כִּיאֹ֥ר מִצְרָֽיִם |
And it is the Lord, the Lord of hosts, Who strikes the earth So that it melts, So that all its inhabitants mourn, And it all rises like a river, And it is submerged like the River of Egypt; |
its inhabitants ← the inhabitants in it. |
| Amos 9:6 | הַבּוֹנֶ֤ה בַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ *מעלותו **מַעֲלוֹתָ֔יו וַאֲגֻדָּת֖וֹ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְסָדָ֑הּ הַקֹּרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
Who builds his high residences in the heavens, And as for his vault of the heavens above the earth, He founded it. He calls to the water of the sea, And pours it out on the surface of the earth – The Lord is his name. |
high residences: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. The word is as for sundial degrees, or for ascents as a possible translation of the titles of Psalms 120 - 134. |
| Amos 9:7 | הֲל֣וֹא כִבְנֵי֩ כֻשִׁיִּ֨ים אַתֶּ֥ם לִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֶעֱלֵ֙יתִי֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּפְלִשְׁתִּיִּ֥ים מִכַּפְתּ֖וֹר וַאֲרָ֥ם מִקִּֽיר׃ |
Are you not to me like the sons of Ethiopians, O sons of Israel? Says the Lord. Did I not bring Israel up out of the land of Egypt? And the Philistines from Caphtor, And the Aramaean from Kir? |
Caphtor: [CB] refers this to Crete. |
| Amos 9:8 | הִנֵּ֞ה עֵינֵ֣י ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בַּמַּמְלָכָה֙ הַֽחַטָּאָ֔ה וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔הּ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה אֶ֗פֶס כִּ֠י לֹ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֥יד אַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יַעֲקֹ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Look, the eyes of the Lord, the Lord, are against the sinful kingdom, And I will cut it off from the face of the earth, Except that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, Says the Lord. |
sinful kingdom ← kingdom of sin, a Hebraic genitive.
earth ← ground, land. utterly destroy: infinitive absolute. |
| Amos 9:9 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֔ה וַהֲנִע֥וֹתִי בְכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנּ֙וֹעַ֙ בַּכְּבָרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִפּ֥וֹל צְר֖וֹר אָֽרֶץ׃ |
For behold, I am about to command And cause the house of Israel to wander among all the nations, As corn is shaken around in a sieve, But no grain falls to the ground. |
wander: or stagger; compare Amos 8:2. It is also related to the word for shaken around in this verse. |
| Amos 9:10 | בַּחֶ֣רֶב יָמ֔וּתוּ כֹּ֖ל חַטָּאֵ֣י עַמִּ֑י הָאֹמְרִ֗ים לֹֽא־תַגִּ֧ישׁ וְתַקְדִּ֛ים בַּעֲדֵ֖ינוּ הָרָעָֽה׃ |
All sinners among my people will die by the sword, Who say, ‘No evil will approach and come upon us.’ |
sinners among ← sinners of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Amos 9:11 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אָקִ֛ים אֶת־סֻכַּ֥ת דָּוִ֖יד הַנֹּפֶ֑לֶת וְגָדַרְתִּ֣י אֶת־פִּרְצֵיהֶ֗ן וַהֲרִֽסֹתָיו֙ אָקִ֔ים וּבְנִיתִ֖יהָ כִּימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
On that day I will raise up the tabernacle of David, Which has fallen down, And I will wall up their breaches, And I will raise up its ruins, And I will build her up As in days of old, |
Acts 15:16.
tabernacle ← booth. Not the same word as the one for the tabernacle. its ... her: referring to the house (masculine) of Jacob and the tabernacle (feminine) of David. of old ← of the age. |
| Amos 9:12 | לְמַ֨עַן יִֽירְשׁ֜וּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֤ית אֱדוֹם֙ וְכָל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה עֹ֥שֶׂה זֹּֽאת׃ פ |
In order that they who are called after my name May inherit the remnant of Edom And all the Gentiles, Says the Lord Who is doing this. |
Acts 15:17, James 2:7.
who are called after my name ← on whom my name has been called. See James 2:7. One could construe this verse with they and all the Gentiles among whom my name is called as the subject of the verb may inherit. The absence of a second אֶת־, infixed in וְכָל, militates for this; compare Gen 1:1 (אֶת־ repeated). |
| Amos 9:13 | הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנִגַּ֤שׁ חוֹרֵשׁ֙ בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ עֲנָבִ֖ים בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ הַזָּ֑רַע וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ עָסִ֔יס וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת תִּתְמוֹגַֽגְנָה׃ |
Look, the days are coming, Says the Lord, When the ploughman will be close behind the reaper, And the grape-treader the seed-sower, And the mountains will distil new wine, And all the hills will melt. |
will be close behind ← approaching. Perhaps suggesting no winter. |
| Amos 9:14 | וְשַׁבְתִּי֮ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וּבָנ֞וּ עָרִ֤ים נְשַׁמּוֹת֙ וְיָשָׁ֔בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְשָׁת֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָ֑ם וְעָשׂ֣וּ גַנּ֔וֹת וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־פְּרִיהֶֽם׃ |
And I will reverse the captivity of my people Israel, And they will rebuild the desolate cities And they will dwell in them, And they will plant vineyards And they will drink their wine, And they will make gardens And they will eat their fruit. |
rebuild ← build. |
| Amos 9:15 | וּנְטַעְתִּ֖ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְלֹ֨א יִנָּתְשׁ֜וּ ע֗וֹד מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ |
And I will plant them on their land, And they will not be plucked up any more from their land Which I have given to them, Says the Lord your God.” |
|
| Obad 1:1 | חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לֶאֱד֗וֹם שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ מֵאֵ֤ת יְהוָה֙ וְצִיר֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם שֻׁלָּ֔ח ק֛וּמוּ וְנָק֥וּמָה עָלֶיהָ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
The vision of Obadiah. This is what my Lord the Lord says to Edom:
“We have heard a report from the Lord, And an envoy sent among the nations, Saying, ‘Rise and let us rise against her in war.’ |
|| Jer 49:14.
this is what ← thus. This verse contains the words of Edom's foes [CB]. |
| Obad 1:2 | הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
Look, I have made you small among the nations; You are greatly despised. |
|| Jer 49:15.
Here, the Lord speaks his own words. |
| Obad 1:3 | זְד֤וֹן לִבְּךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔ךָ שֹׁכְנִ֥י בְחַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑וֹ אֹמֵ֣ר בְּלִבּ֔וֹ מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖נִי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The insolence of your heart has deceived you, You who dwell in the fissures of the rock. He who has a high dwelling place Says in his heart, ‘Who can bring me down to earth?’ |
|| Jer 49:16.
The verse changes from second to third grammatical person (not uncommon in Hebrew). |
| Obad 1:4 | אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר וְאִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑ךָ מִשָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְךָ֖ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Even if you exalt yourself like the eagle, And even if you make your nest among the stars, I will bring you down from there, Says the Lord. |
|| Jer 49:16. |
| Obad 1:5 | אִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה אֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה הֲל֥וֹא יִגְנְב֖וּ דַּיָּ֑ם אִם־בֹּֽצְרִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔ךְ הֲל֖וֹא יַשְׁאִ֥ירוּ עֹלֵלֽוֹת׃ |
If thieves were to come to you, Or burglars in the night, How you would be ruined! Would they not steal as much as they want? If grape-harvest raiders come to you, Will they not just leave gleanings? |
|| Jer 49:9.
as much as they want ← their sufficiency. |
| Obad 1:6 | אֵ֚יךְ נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ עֵשָׂ֔ו נִבְע֖וּ מַצְפֻּנָֽיו׃ |
How the affairs of Esau are investigated, And how his hidden designs are searched out! |
|| Jer 49:10.
investigated: the same word as laid bare in Jer 49:10, but we translate maintaining parallelism within the verse (investigated ... searched out). |
| Obad 1:7 | עַֽד־הַגְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּךָ כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔ךָ הִשִּׁיא֛וּךָ יָכְל֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑ךָ לַחְמְךָ֗ יָשִׂ֤ימוּ מָזוֹר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יךָ אֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽוֹ׃ |
All your allies have sent you to the border; They have deceived you. Those who were well-disposed to you have outwitted you; They place your bread in a hunter's net under you, But you have no understanding about it at all. |
your allies ← the men of your covenant.
those who were well-disposed to you ← the men of your peace. outwitted ← prevailed over. |
| Obad 1:8 | הֲל֛וֹא בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽאֱד֔וֹם וּתְבוּנָ֖ה מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו׃ |
Will I not destroy the wise men of Edom on that day, Says the Lord, And remove understanding from the mount of Esau? |
of Edom ← from Edom. |
| Obad 1:9 | וְחַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖יךָ תֵּימָ֑ן לְמַ֧עַן יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו מִקָּֽטֶל׃ |
And your warriors of Teman will be afraid Of each man being cut off From the mount of Esau, And they will be afraid of slaughter. |
your warriors of Teman: AV differs (thy mighty men, O Teman), also possible, but see [Ges-HG] §128d for examples of genitives after a noun with a suffix. |
| Obad 1:10 | מֵחֲמַ֛ס אָחִ֥יךָ יַעֲקֹ֖ב תְּכַסְּךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה וְנִכְרַ֖תָּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
For the violence done against your brother Jacob, Shame will cover you, And you will be cut off age-abidingly. |
violence done against your brother ← violence of your brother, an objective genitive (you violated your brother). |
| Obad 1:11 | בְּיוֹם֙ עֲמָֽדְךָ֣ מִנֶּ֔גֶד בְּי֛וֹם שְׁב֥וֹת זָרִ֖ים חֵיל֑וֹ וְנָכְרִ֞ים בָּ֣אוּ *שערו **שְׁעָרָ֗יו וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּאַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם׃ |
On the day when you stood opposite Jacob, On the day when strangers took his army captive, And foreigners came to his {K: gate} [Q: gates] And cast lots over Jerusalem, You too were one of them. |
one of them ← like one of them, but see note to Gen 24:28. |
| Obad 1:12 | וְאַל־תֵּ֤רֶא בְיוֹם־אָחִ֙יךָ֙ בְּי֣וֹם נָכְר֔וֹ וְאַל־תִּשְׂמַ֥ח לִבְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּי֣וֹם אָבְדָ֑ם וְאַל־תַּגְדֵּ֥ל פִּ֖יךָ בְּי֥וֹם צָרָֽה׃ |
But do not look with satisfaction On the day of your brother, On the day of his loss of sovereignty. And do not rejoice over the sons of Judah On the day when they perish, And do not gloat On the day of their adversity. |
loss of sovereignty ← alienation.
gloat ← magnify your mouth. AV differs, using the past tense. But the forms are prohibitions, being either warnings previously given, or regarding a future event. |
| Obad 1:13 | אַל־תָּב֤וֹא בְשַֽׁעַר־עַמִּי֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֵידָ֔ם אַל־תֵּ֧רֶא גַם־אַתָּ֛ה בְּרָעָת֖וֹ בְּי֣וֹם אֵיד֑וֹ וְאַל־תִּשְׁלַ֥חְנָה בְחֵיל֖וֹ בְּי֥וֹם אֵידֽוֹ׃ |
Do not go to the gate of my people On the day of their calamity, And do not look upon their suffering On the day of their calamity, And do not send forces against their forces On the day of their calamity. |
go ... their calamity ... send ... their forces: a mid verse switch of grammatical person of both verbal subjects and suffixes, but we take them as the same references. |
| Obad 1:14 | וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹד֙ עַל־הַפֶּ֔רֶק לְהַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־פְּלִיטָ֑יו וְאַל־תַּסְגֵּ֥ר שְׂרִידָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם צָרָֽה׃ |
And do not stand at the road junction, To cut off their escapees, And do not close off their fugitives On the day of adversity. |
|
| Obad 1:15 | כִּֽי־קָר֥וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔ךְ גְּמֻלְךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
For the day of the Lord is near, Coming upon all nations. As you have done, So it shall be done to you; Your recompense will return onto your head. |
Rev 1:10. |
| Obad 1:16 | כִּ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד וְשָׁת֣וּ וְלָע֔וּ וְהָי֖וּ כְּל֥וֹא הָיֽוּ׃ |
For as you have drunk on my holy mountain, So all the nations will drink continually. And they will drink and swallow, And they will be as if they had never existed. |
|| Jer 49:12.
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. never ← not. |
| Obad 1:17 | וּבְהַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה וְהָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְיָֽרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֵ֖ת מוֹרָֽשֵׁיהֶם׃ |
And on Mount Zion there will be deliverance, And it will be holy, And the house of Jacob will receive their inheritances. |
holy ← holiness.
receive their inheritances ← inherit their inheritances. |
| Obad 1:18 | וְהָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּבֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה וּבֵ֤ית עֵשָׂו֙ לְקַ֔שׁ וְדָלְק֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכָל֑וּם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה שָׂרִיד֙ לְבֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ |
And the house of Jacob will become fire, And the house of Joseph a flame, But the house of Esau will become stubble. So they will be burned and consumed, And there will not be any escapee of the house of Esau, For the Lord has spoken. |
they will be burned and consumed ← they will burn them and consume them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Obad 1:19 | וְיָרְשׁ֨וּ הַנֶּ֜גֶב אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֗ו וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה֙ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְיָרְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־שְׂדֵ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְאֵ֖ת שְׂדֵ֣ה שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וּבִנְיָמִ֖ן אֶת־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ |
And the south will inherit the mount of Esau, And the lowlands will inherit the Philistines, And they will inherit the territory of Ephraim, And the territory of Samaria. And Benjamin will inherit Gilead. |
territory (2x) ← field.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Obad 1:20 | וְגָלֻ֣ת הַֽחֵל־הַ֠זֶּה לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר־כְּנַעֲנִים֙ עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת וְגָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּסְפָרַ֑ד יִֽרְשׁ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עָרֵ֥י הַנֶּֽגֶב׃ |
And the captives of these forces of the sons of Israel Who are scattered among the Canaanites Will inherit territory as far as Zarephath. And the captives of Jerusalem Who are in Sepharad Will inherit the cities of the south. |
are scattered among: AV differs (shall possess).
Zarephath: see 1 Ki 17:9. Sepharad: the Modern Hebrew for Spain, though not universally acknowledged as the ancient meaning. See also [CB]. |
| Obad 1:21 | וְעָל֤וּ מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ בְּהַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן לִשְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֑ו וְהָיְתָ֥ה לַֽיהוָ֖ה הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ |
And saviours will go to Mount Zion, To judge the mount of Esau, And the kingdom will be the Lord's.” |
|
| Jonah 1:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־יוֹנָ֥ה בֶן־אֲמִתַּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jonah the son of Amittai and said, | came ← became. |
| Jonah 1:2 | ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָעִ֥יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה וּקְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃ | “Get up and go to Nineveh, the great city, and call out to it that their wickedness has come up into my presence.” | |
| Jonah 1:3 | וַיָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ וַיִּמְצָ֥א אָנִיָּ֣ה ׀ בָּאָ֣ה תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜הּ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּהּ֙ לָב֤וֹא עִמָּהֶם֙ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | But Jonah got up to flee to Tarshish, away from the presence of the Lord, and he went down to Joppa, and he found a ship going to Tarshish, and he paid the fare for this, and he went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish, away from the presence of the Lord. | |
| Jonah 1:4 | וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּד֖וֹל בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃ | But the Lord sent out a great wind to the sea, and there was a great storm on the sea, and the ship was on the point of being broken. | was on the point of ← reckoned, thought, but also was about to. |
| Jonah 1:5 | וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃ | And the sailors were afraid, and each one called to his god, and they jettisoned the cargo which was in the ship into the sea in order to lighten the vessel from it, but Jonah had gone down into the cabins of the vessel and had lain down, and he was in deep sleep. | cargo: [CB] has tackling, but the word is used of various objects, such as kitchen utensils (Lev 11:34), weapons (1 Sam 8:12), and musical instruments (2 Chr 23:13). |
| Jonah 1:6 | וַיִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָיו֙ רַ֣ב הַחֹבֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֣ נִרְדָּ֑ם ק֚וּם קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖נוּ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃ | And the captain approached him and said to him, “What are you doing sleeping? Get up and call on your God. It may be that God will consider us, and we will not perish.” | what are you doing sleeping ← what (is it) to you sleeping. |
| Jonah 1:7 | וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ לְכוּ֙ וְנַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּשֶׁלְּמִ֛י הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ וַיַּפִּ֙לוּ֙ גּֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וַיִּפֹּ֥ל הַגּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה׃ | And each man said to his neighbour, “Come and let us cast lots, so we know on account of whom this misfortune of ours has come.” And they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. | |
| Jonah 1:8 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הַגִּידָה־נָּ֣א לָ֔נוּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר לְמִי־הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ מַה־מְּלַאכְתְּךָ֙ וּמֵאַ֣יִן תָּב֔וֹא מָ֣ה אַרְצֶ֔ךָ וְאֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עַ֖ם אָֽתָּה׃ | And they said to him, “Please tell us on account of what this misfortune of ours is, and what your business is, and where you come from, and what your country is, and of which people you are.” | what: or whom. |
| Jonah 1:9 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עִבְרִ֣י אָנֹ֑כִי וְאֶת־יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם וְאֶת־הַיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃ | And he said to them, “I am a Hebrew, and I fear the Lord God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.” | I fear: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. |
| Jonah 1:10 | וַיִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ כִּֽי־יָדְע֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־מִלִּפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא בֹרֵ֔חַ כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָהֶֽם׃ | And the men were afraid with a great fear, and the men said to him, “What is this that you have done?” For the men knew that he was fleeing from the Lord, for he had told them. | from ← from the face of. |
| Jonah 1:11 | וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ מַה־נַּ֣עֲשֶׂה לָּ֔ךְ וְיִשְׁתֹּ֥ק הַיָּ֖ם מֵֽעָלֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֥י הַיָּ֖ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵֽר׃ | And they said to him, “What should we do to you, so that the sea will calm down for us? For the sea is becoming more and more tempestuous.” | for us ← from on us. |
| Jonah 1:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם שָׂא֙וּנִי֙ וַהֲטִילֻ֣נִי אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְיִשְׁתֹּ֥ק הַיָּ֖ם מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֔נִי כִּ֣י בְשֶׁלִּ֔י הַסַּ֧עַר הַגָּד֛וֹל הַזֶּ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | And he said to them, “Lift me up and throw me into the sea, and the sea will calm down for you, for I know that it is on account of me that this great storm has come on you.” | for you ← from on you. |
| Jonah 1:13 | וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְהָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ כִּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵ֖ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then the men rowed in order to return to dry land, but they could not do it, because the sea was becoming more and more tempestuous on them. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Jonah 1:14 | וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אַל־נָ֣א נֹאבְדָ֗ה בְּנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑יא כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָפַ֖צְתָּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃ | So they called to the Lord and said, “We beseech you, Lord, please do not let us perish because of this man's life, and do not lay innocent blood on us, for you, O Lord, do what you please.” | life ← soul. |
| Jonah 1:15 | וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־יוֹנָ֔ה וַיְטִלֻ֖הוּ אֶל־הַיָּ֑ם וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד הַיָּ֖ם מִזַּעְפּֽוֹ׃ | So they lifted Jonah up and threw him in the sea. And the sea stopped its raging. | |
| Jonah 1:16 | וַיִּֽירְא֧וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים יִרְאָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּֽזְבְּחוּ־זֶ֙בַח֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּדְּר֖וּ נְדָרִֽים׃ | And the men feared the Lord with a great fear, and they offered a sacrifice to the Lord, and they made vows. |
offered ← sacrificed.
made vows ← vowed vows. |
| Jonah 2:1 Jonah 1:17AV |
וַיְמַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ דָּ֣ג גָּד֔וֹל לִבְלֹ֖עַ אֶת־יוֹנָ֑ה וַיְהִ֤י יוֹנָה֙ בִּמְעֵ֣י הַדָּ֔ג שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת׃ | Then the Lord appointed a large fish to swallow Jonah. And Jonah was in the inner parts of the fish for three days and three nights. | Matt 12:40. |
| Jonah 2:2 Jonah 2:1AV |
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֣ל יוֹנָ֔ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו מִמְּעֵ֖י הַדָּגָֽה׃ | And Jonah prayed to the Lord his God from the inner parts of the fish. | |
| Jonah 2:3 Jonah 2:2AV |
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קָ֠רָאתִי מִצָּ֥רָה לִ֛י אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑נִי מִבֶּ֧טֶן שְׁא֛וֹל שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ קוֹלִֽי׃ |
And he said,
“I called on account of my predicament to the Lord, And he answered me. I cried out from the belly of the underworld, And you heard my voice. |
underworld: the word can sometimes be translated grave. |
| Jonah 2:4 Jonah 2:3AV |
וַתַּשְׁלִיכֵ֤נִי מְצוּלָה֙ בִּלְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים וְנָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי כָּל־מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥יךָ וְגַלֶּ֖יךָ עָלַ֥י עָבָֽרוּ׃ |
And you cast me into the deep, In the heart of the seas, And the tide surrounded me. All your breakers and your waves passed over me. |
in the heart of the seas: more loosely on the high seas. |
| Jonah 2:5 Jonah 2:4AV |
וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֚ךְ אוֹסִ֣יף לְהַבִּ֔יט אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
And I said, ‘I have been driven out of your sight, But I will look again at your holy temple.’ |
sight ← eyes.
your holy temple ← the temple of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jonah 2:6 Jonah 2:5AV |
אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֙יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃ |
Water has surrounded me, Threatening my life. The deep has encompassed me; Sea-weed is bound around my head. |
threatening my life ← up to soul. |
| Jonah 2:7 Jonah 2:6AV |
לְקִצְבֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יָרַ֔דְתִּי הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּרִחֶ֥יהָ בַעֲדִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם וַתַּ֧עַל מִשַּׁ֛חַת חַיַּ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
I descended to the roots of the mountains; The earth with its bars were closing in after me for age-long time, But you rescued my life from the pit, O Lord my God. |
rescued ← raised. |
| Jonah 2:8 Jonah 2:7AV |
בְּהִתְעַטֵּ֤ף עָלַי֙ נַפְשִׁ֔י אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה זָכָ֑רְתִּי וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ תְּפִלָּתִ֔י אֶל־הֵיכַ֖ל קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
When my life was draining away from me, I remembered the Lord, And my prayer came to you – To your holy temple. |
life ← soul.
your holy temple ← the temple of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Jonah 2:9 Jonah 2:8AV |
מְשַׁמְּרִ֖ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא חַסְדָּ֖ם יַעֲזֹֽבוּ׃ |
Those who pay respect to vain idols Abandon themselves to their tender mercies, |
AV differs, and [CB] offers another explanation.
their tender mercies ← their kindness. We take this as irony, as the idols' (nonexistent) kindness. |
| Jonah 2:10 Jonah 2:9AV |
וַאֲנִ֗י בְּק֤וֹל תּוֹדָה֙ אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָדַ֖רְתִּי אֲשַׁלֵּ֑מָה יְשׁוּעָ֖תָה לַיהוָֽה׃ ס |
But I will sacrifice to you with a voice of thanksgiving; That which I vowed, I will fulfil, For salvation is of the Lord.” |
|
| Jonah 2:11 Jonah 2:10AV |
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה לַדָּ֑ג וַיָּקֵ֥א אֶת־יוֹנָ֖ה אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃ פ | Then the Lord spoke to the fish, and it ejected Jonah onto the dry land. | |
| Jonah 3:1 | וַיְהִ֧י דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יוֹנָ֖ה שֵׁנִ֥ית לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time and said, | came ← became. |
| Jonah 3:2 | ק֛וּם לֵ֥ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה וִּקְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֶת־הַקְּרִיאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | Arise and go to Nineveh, the great city, and proclaim to it the proclamation which I am speaking to you. | |
| Jonah 3:3 | וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֶ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ | So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh according to the word of the Lord. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, it being three days' journey round its perimeter. | exceedingly great ← great to God, an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6. |
| Jonah 3:4 | וַיָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָב֣וֹא בָעִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְנִֽינְוֵ֖ה נֶהְפָּֽכֶת׃ | And Jonah began to go into the city, making a day's journey, and he made a proclamation and said, “There are forty days to go, then Nineveh will be overturned.” | forty days to go ← still forty days. |
| Jonah 3:5 | וַֽיַּאֲמִ֛ינוּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י נִֽינְוֵ֖ה בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרְאוּ־צוֹם֙ וַיִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים מִגְּדוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־קְטַנָּֽם׃ | And the men of Nineveh believed God, and they called a fast, and they put on sackcloth, both great and small. | both great and small ← from great and to small. See 1 Sam 15:3 and Gen 6:7. |
| Jonah 3:6 | וַיִּגַּ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶך נִֽינְוֵ֔ה וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִכִּסְא֔וֹ וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ מֵֽעָלָ֑יו וַיְכַ֣ס שַׂ֔ק וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הָאֵֽפֶר׃ | And the matter reached the king of Nineveh, and he rose up from his throne and removed his robe and covered himself with sackcloth and sat in ashes. | |
| Jonah 3:7 | וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ | And he made a pronouncement and announced in Nineveh by decree of the king and his nobles and said, “Let man, and cattle, and oxen, and sheep not taste anything, nor feed, and let them not drink water. | |
| Jonah 3:8 | וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֗ים הָֽאָדָם֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וּמִן־הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃ | But let man and cattle be covered in sackcloth, and let them call out to God in strength of mind, and let each man turn from his wicked way and from the violence which is in their hands. | |
| Jonah 3:9 | מִֽי־יוֹדֵ֣עַ יָשׁ֔וּב וְנִחַ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְשָׁ֛ב מֵחֲר֥וֹן אַפּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃ | Who knows whether God will turn and repent and turn from the fury of his anger, so that we do not perish.” | |
| Jonah 3:10 | וַיַּ֤רְא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶֽת־מַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם כִּי־שָׁ֖בוּ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָעָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר לַעֲשׂוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עָשָֽׂה׃ | And God saw their deeds – that they had turned from their evil way – and God repented of the harm which he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it. | |
| Jonah 4:1 | וַיֵּ֥רַע אֶל־יוֹנָ֖ה רָעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיִּ֖חַר לֽוֹ׃ | But it greatly displeased Jonah, and it infuriated him. | it greatly displeased Jonah ← it displeased Jonah (with) great displeasure. |
| Jonah 4:2 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗י עַד־הֱיוֹתִי֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔י עַל־כֵּ֥ן קִדַּ֖מְתִּי לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ אֵֽל־חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃ | And he prayed to the Lord and said, “O Lord I beseech you, was not this result my concern, up to the time that I was in my land? – the reason I was quick to flee to Tarshish? For I knew that you were a compassionate and merciful God, longsuffering and of great kindness, and repentant of that which is bad. |
concern ← word, thing.
that you were a compassionate and merciful God (etc.): compare Joel 2:13. |
| Jonah 4:3 | וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה קַח־נָ֥א אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֛י ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי׃ ס | And now, O Lord, take, I beseech you, my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live.” |
life ← soul.
it is better for me to die than to live ← my death (is) better than my life. |
| Jonah 4:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה הַהֵיטֵ֖ב חָ֥רָה לָֽךְ׃ | But the Lord said, “Is it good that you should be infuriated?” | is it good: adverbial use of the infinitive absolute, here translated as a noun clause. |
| Jonah 4:5 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א יוֹנָה֙ מִן־הָעִ֔יר וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעִ֑יר וַיַּעַשׂ֩ ל֨וֹ שָׁ֜ם סֻכָּ֗ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב תַּחְתֶּ֙יהָ֙ בַּצֵּ֔ל עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִרְאֶ֔ה מַה־יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּעִֽיר׃ | Then Jonah went out of the city and sat to the east of the city, and he made a booth for himself there, and he sat under it in the shade, until he should see what would happen in the city. | to the east of: or in front of. |
| Jonah 4:6 | וַיְמַ֣ן יְהוָֽה־אֱ֠לֹהִים קִיקָי֞וֹן וַיַּ֣עַל ׀ מֵעַ֣ל לְיוֹנָ֗ה לִֽהְי֥וֹת צֵל֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ לְהַצִּ֥יל ל֖וֹ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח יוֹנָ֛ה עַל־הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן שִׂמְחָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | And the Lord God appointed a castor oil plant, and he caused it to go up over Jonah, to be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his distress. And Jonah was very pleased about the castor oil plant. | was very pleased ← rejoiced (with) great joy. |
| Jonah 4:7 | וַיְמַ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ תּוֹלַ֔עַת בַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשַּׁ֖חַר לַֽמָּחֳרָ֑ת וַתַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן וַיִּיבָֽשׁ׃ | But God appointed a worm at the rising of dawn on the next day, and it struck the castor oil plant, and it withered. | |
| Jonah 4:8 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ וַיְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית וַתַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי׃ | And it came to pass at sunrise that God appointed a sultry east wind, and the sun struck Jonah's head, and he became faint, and he asked in his heart to die, and he said, “It is better for me to die than to live.” |
sultry: AV differs (vehement).
in his heart ← his soul. it is better for me to die than to live ← my death (is) better than my life. |
| Jonah 4:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־יוֹנָ֔ה הַהֵיטֵ֥ב חָרָֽה־לְךָ֖ עַל־הַקִּֽיקָי֑וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֵיטֵ֥ב חָֽרָה־לִ֖י עַד־מָֽוֶת׃ | But God said to Jonah, “Is it good that you should be infuriated about the castor oil plant?” And he said, “It is good that I should be infuriated, to the extent of wanting death.” | is it good ... it is good: adverbial use of the infinitive absolute, here translated as noun clauses. |
| Jonah 4:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אַתָּ֥ה חַ֙סְתָּ֙ עַל־הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָמַ֥לְתָּ בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹ שֶׁבִּן־לַ֥יְלָה הָיָ֖ה וּבִן־לַ֥יְלָה אָבָֽד׃ | But the Lord said, “You pitied the castor oil plant, which you did not toil over and did not cultivate, which came in a night and perished in a night. | |
| Jonah 4:11 | וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל־נִינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽשְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣וֹ לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וּבְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה׃ | Should I not pity the great city of Nineveh in which there are more than one hundred and twenty thousand people, who do not know the difference between their right hand and their left, and also much cattle?” | |
| Mic 1:1 | דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־מִיכָה֙ הַמֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י בִּימֵ֥י יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־חָזָ֥ה עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וִירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | The word of the Lord which came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. |
came ← became.
Morashtite: AV= Morasthite. See Jer 26:18. |
| Mic 1:2 | שִׁמְעוּ֙ עַמִּ֣ים כֻּלָּ֔ם הַקְשִׁ֖יבִי אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלֹאָ֑הּ וִיהִי֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֤ה בָּכֶם֙ לְעֵ֔ד אֲדֹנָ֖י מֵהֵיכַ֥ל קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Hear, all you people, And hearken, O earth and your fulness, And let my Lord the Lord be a witness against you – That is the Lord* From his holy temple. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
all you people ... your fulness ← peoples, all of them ... its fulness. Unexpected grammatical third persons; see Obad 1:3. his holy temple ← the temple of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Mic 1:3 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה יֹצֵ֣א מִמְּקוֹמ֑וֹ וְיָרַ֥ד וְדָרַ֖ךְ עַל־*במותי **בָּ֥מֳתֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
For look, the Lord is coming out of his place, And he will descend and step Onto the idolatrous raised sites of the earth. |
the idolatrous raised sites: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré. |
| Mic 1:4 | וְנָמַ֤סּוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו וְהָעֲמָקִ֖ים יִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ כַּדּוֹנַג֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ כְּמַ֖יִם מֻגָּרִ֥ים בְּמוֹרָֽד׃ |
Then the mountains will melt under him, And the valleys will be split; They will be like wax in front of a fire, And like water pouring down a gully. |
pouring ← being poured. |
| Mic 1:5 | בְּפֶ֤שַׁע יַֽעֲקֹב֙ כָּל־זֹ֔את וּבְחַטֹּ֖אות בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִֽי־פֶ֣שַׁע יַעֲקֹ֗ב הֲלוֹא֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וּמִי֙ בָּמ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֔ה הֲל֖וֹא יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
All this is for the transgression of Jacob, And for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria? And what are the idolatrous raised sites of Judah? Are they not in Jerusalem? |
what (2x): perhaps where, but the word usually means who, or, less commonly, what.
Samaria: i.e. Samaria's idolatry. |
| Mic 1:6 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֥י שֹׁמְר֛וֹן לְעִ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמַטָּ֣עֵי כָ֑רֶם וְהִגַּרְתִּ֤י לַגַּי֙ אֲבָנֶ֔יהָ וִיסֹדֶ֖יהָ אֲגַלֶּֽה׃ |
“And I will make Samaria a ruin of the countryside – Vineyard plantation sites. And I will pour her stones out into the valley, And I will expose her foundations. |
This verse and the following give direct speech by the Lord. |
| Mic 1:7 | וְכָל־פְּסִילֶ֣יהָ יֻכַּ֗תּוּ וְכָל־אֶתְנַנֶּ֙יהָ֙ יִשָּׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וְכָל־עֲצַבֶּ֖יהָ אָשִׂ֣ים שְׁמָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י מֵאֶתְנַ֤ן זוֹנָה֙ קִבָּ֔צָה וְעַד־אֶתְנַ֥ן זוֹנָ֖ה יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃ |
And all her carved images will be beaten in pieces, And all her wages of prostitution will be burnt in fire. And I will make all her idols a desolation, For she gathered them from the wages of prostitution, And to the wages of prostitution they shall return.” |
|
| Mic 1:8 | עַל־זֹאת֙ אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה וְאֵילִ֔ילָה אֵילְכָ֥ה *שילל **שׁוֹלָ֖ל וְעָר֑וֹם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה מִסְפֵּד֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ים וְאֵ֖בֶל כִּבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃ |
For this I will mourn and howl; I will walk as one who has been stripped and is naked. I will undertake mourning like jackals, And lamentation like ostriches. |
stripped: the ketiv has to be regarded as an equivalent to the qeré. |
| Mic 1:9 | כִּ֥י אֲנוּשָׁ֖ה מַכּוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי־בָ֙אָה֙ עַד־יְהוּדָ֔ה נָגַ֛ע עַד־שַׁ֥עַר עַמִּ֖י עַד־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
For her wounds are incurable, For this has come to Judah; He has reached the gate of my people – Jerusalem. |
he: [CB], some unnamed foe. |
| Mic 1:10 | בְּגַת֙ אַל־תַּגִּ֔ידוּ בָּכ֖וֹ אַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ בְּבֵ֣ית לְעַפְרָ֔ה עָפָ֖ר *התפלשתי **הִתְפַּלָּֽשִׁי׃ |
Do not relate this in Gath; Do not weep at all. In the house of Aphrah, {Q: Roll} [K: You rolled] in the dust. |
We take ketiv as an Aramaic form; as standard Hebrew I rolled in the dust.
do not weep at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Mic 1:11 | עִבְרִ֥י לָכֶ֛ם יוֹשֶׁ֥בֶת שָׁפִ֖יר עֶרְיָה־בֹ֑שֶׁת לֹ֤א יָֽצְאָה֙ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צַֽאֲנָ֔ן מִסְפַּד֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֵ֔צֶל יִקַּ֥ח מִכֶּ֖ם עֶמְדָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Transgress as you will, O inhabitants of Shaphir, In nakedness and shame. The inhabitant of Zaanan did not come out At the mourning of Beth-Ezel; He will take his support away from you. |
transgress: or cross over. Transgress in Hos 6:7. AV differs (pass ye away).
as you will ← for yourselves. Ironic. inhabitants ← inhabitant. Shaphir: AV= Saphir. |
| Mic 1:12 | כִּֽי־חָ֥לָֽה לְט֖וֹב יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת מָר֑וֹת כִּֽי־יָ֤רַד רָע֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְשַׁ֖עַר יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
For the inhabitants of Maroth waited for good times, When bad times came down from the Lord, At the gate of Jerusalem. |
inhabitants ← inhabitant.
Maroth: “Bittertown”. |
| Mic 1:13 | רְתֹ֧ם הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה לָרֶ֖כֶשׁ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָכִ֑ישׁ רֵאשִׁ֨ית חַטָּ֥את הִיא֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן כִּי־בָ֥ךְ נִמְצְא֖וּ פִּשְׁעֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Hitch the steed to the chariot, O inhabitants of Lachish. It is the beginning of sin for the daughter of Zion, For the transgressions of Israel have been found in you. |
steed to the chariot ← chariot to the steed.
inhabitants ← inhabitant. |
| Mic 1:14 | לָכֵן֙ תִּתְּנִ֣י שִׁלּוּחִ֔ים עַ֖ל מוֹרֶ֣שֶׁת גַּ֑ת בָּתֵּ֤י אַכְזִיב֙ לְאַכְזָ֔ב לְמַלְכֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Therefore give a bill of divorce in Moresheth-Gath. The houses of Achzib are deceit to the kings of Israel. |
Achzib: “Deceittown”. |
| Mic 1:15 | עֹ֗ד הַיֹּרֵשׁ֙ אָ֣בִי לָ֔ךְ יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת מָֽרֵשָׁ֑ה עַד־עֲדֻּלָּ֥ם יָב֖וֹא כְּב֥וֹד יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
I am still going to bring the dispossessor to you, O inhabitants of Mareshah. The glory of Israel will come to Adullam. |
dispossessor: or heir. [CB] refers this to Assyria.
inhabitants ← inhabitant. glory of Israel: [CB] refers this to the nobility of Israel, fleeing to a cave. |
| Mic 1:16 | קָרְחִ֣י וָגֹ֔זִּי עַל־בְּנֵ֖י תַּעֲנוּגָ֑יִךְ הַרְחִ֤בִי קָרְחָתֵךְ֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁר כִּ֥י גָל֖וּ מִמֵּֽךְ׃ ס |
Make yourself bald and shave yourself, For the sake of your delightful sons. Make your baldness wide like the eagle, For they will be deported away from you. |
shave ← shear.
your delightful sons ← the sons of your delight, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Mic 2:1 | ה֧וֹי חֹֽשְׁבֵי־אָ֛וֶן וּפֹ֥עֲלֵי רָ֖ע עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָ֑ם בְּא֤וֹר הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ יַעֲשׂ֔וּהָ כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־לְאֵ֖ל יָדָֽם׃ |
Woe to those who devise vain things, And those who engage in evil on their couches. At morning light they perform it, For it is in the power of their hand. |
vain things ← vanity, but also iniquity. |
| Mic 2:2 | וְחָמְד֤וּ שָׂדוֹת֙ וְגָזָ֔לוּ וּבָתִּ֖ים וְנָשָׂ֑אוּ וְעָֽשְׁקוּ֙ גֶּ֣בֶר וּבֵית֔וֹ וְאִ֖ישׁ וְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ פ |
And they covet fields, And they seize them, And they covet houses, And they expropriate them, And they oppress a fellow and his household, And a man and his inheritance. |
expropriate ← take up, remove.
fellow ← man, warrior, husband. |
| Mic 2:3 | לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י חֹשֵׁ֛ב עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את רָעָ֑ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תָמִ֨ישׁוּ מִשָּׁ֜ם צַוְּארֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ רוֹמָ֔ה כִּ֛י עֵ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִֽיא׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am devising evil on this family – A yoke from which you will not be able to move your necks – And you will not walk haughtily, For it will be a time of evil. |
this is what ← thus.
from which ← which from there. |
| Mic 2:4 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִשָּׂ֧א עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם מָשָׁ֗ל וְנָהָ֨ה נְהִ֤י נִֽהְיָה֙ אָמַר֙ שָׁד֣וֹד נְשַׁדֻּ֔נוּ חֵ֥לֶק עַמִּ֖י יָמִ֑יר אֵ֚יךְ יָמִ֣ישׁ לִ֔י לְשׁוֹבֵ֥ב שָׂדֵ֖ינוּ יְחַלֵּֽק׃ |
On that day a proverb will be uttered against you, And a mournful lamentation will be delivered, Which will say, ‘We have been completely plundered; He has changed the portion of my people. How he has removed what was mine, By overturning our fields And dividing them up.’ ” |
will be uttered ... a mournful lamentation will be delivered ← one will take up ... one will lament a lamentation of lamenting. Avoidance of the passive.
we have been completely plundered: infinitive absolute. by overturning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Mic 2:5 | לָכֵן֙ לֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ מַשְׁלִ֥יךְ חֶ֖בֶל בְּגוֹרָ֑ל בִּקְהַ֖ל יְהוָֽה׃ |
Therefore you will not have anyone drawing a boundary by lot, In the convocation of the Lord. |
drawing a boundary ← casting a cord. |
| Mic 2:6 | אַל־תַּטִּ֖פוּ יַטִּיפ֑וּן לֹֽא־יַטִּ֣פוּ לָאֵ֔לֶּה לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖ג כְּלִמּֽוֹת׃ |
“Do not prophesy”, they prophesy. So they do not prophesy to these people. No-one withdraws from the shame he incurs. |
they prophesy: AV differs (say they to them that prophesy). |
| Mic 2:7 | הֶאָמ֣וּר בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הֲקָצַר֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה אִם־אֵ֖לֶּה מַעֲלָלָ֑יו הֲל֤וֹא דְבָרַ֨י יֵיטִ֔יבוּ עִ֖ם הַיָּשָׁ֥ר הוֹלֵֽךְ׃ |
“Are you called the house of Jacob? Has the Lord become impatient? Or are these things his works? Are not my works good With him who walks uprightly? |
We take the sense as, House of Jacob, you have brought this trouble on yourself. |
| Mic 2:8 | וְאֶתְמ֗וּל עַמִּי֙ לְאוֹיֵ֣ב יְקוֹמֵ֔ם מִמּ֣וּל שַׂלְמָ֔ה אֶ֖דֶר תַּפְשִׁט֑וּן מֵעֹבְרִ֣ים בֶּ֔טַח שׁוּבֵ֖י מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
And recently my people would rise as if against an enemy. Encountering a garment, You would strip off the mantle From passers-by, confidently – Those returning from battle. |
encountering ← from opposite, perhaps for when standing opposite.
AV differs somewhat. The sense is highway robbery of people enriched with spoils of war. |
| Mic 2:9 | נְשֵׁ֤י עַמִּי֙ תְּגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּן מִבֵּ֖ית תַּֽעֲנֻגֶ֑יהָ מֵעַל֙ עֹֽלָלֶ֔יהָ תִּקְח֥וּ הֲדָרִ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
You drive out the women of my people, Each from her pleasant home. You have taken away my honour from her children age-abidingly. |
her pleasant home ← the home of her pleasure. |
| Mic 2:10 | ק֣וּמוּ וּלְכ֔וּ כִּ֥י לֹא־זֹ֖את הַמְּנוּחָ֑ה בַּעֲב֥וּר טָמְאָ֛ה תְּחַבֵּ֖ל וְחֶ֥בֶל נִמְרָֽץ׃ |
Rise and go, For this is not rest, Because of uncleanness, And it is destructive with a pernicious destruction. |
rest ← the rest. |
| Mic 2:11 | לוּ־אִ֞ישׁ הֹלֵ֥ךְ ר֙וּחַ֙ וָשֶׁ֣קֶר כִּזֵּ֔ב אַטִּ֣ף לְךָ֔ לַיַּ֖יִן וְלַשֵּׁכָ֑ר וְהָיָ֥ה מַטִּ֖יף הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ |
If a man walks in a spirit of falsehood, And he lies, Saying, ‘I will prophesy to you of wine and strong drink’, Then he will be accepted as a prophet of this people. |
spirit of falsehood ← spirit and falsehood. |
| Mic 2:12 | אָסֹ֨ף אֶאֱסֹ֜ף יַעֲקֹ֣ב כֻּלָּ֗ךְ קַבֵּ֤ץ אֲקַבֵּץ֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יַ֥חַד אֲשִׂימֶ֖נּוּ כְּצֹ֣אן בָּצְרָ֑ה כְּעֵ֙דֶר֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַדָּֽבְר֔וֹ תְּהִימֶ֖נָה מֵאָדָֽם׃ |
I will certainly gather all of you, Jacob, I will certainly collect the remainder of Israel And put him together like the sheep of Bozrah, Like a flock in the middle of its pasture. The women will bustle with so many people. |
I will certainly gather ... I will certainly collect: both infinitive absolute. |
| Mic 2:13 | עָלָ֤ה הַפֹּרֵץ֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם פָּֽרְצוּ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֔רוּ שַׁ֖עַר וַיֵּ֣צְאוּ ב֑וֹ וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר מַלְכָּם֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשָֽׁם׃ פ |
The demolisher has gone out. They break what is in front of them, And they cross the gate and come out through it. Their king crosses in front of them, And the Lord is at their head.” |
demolisher ← breaker-in, breach-maker.
gone out ← gone up, used of going out to war. in front of them: AV differs in association of the word, as does MT (the breaker is come up before them). |
| Mic 3:1 | וָאֹמַ֗ר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲל֣וֹא לָכֶ֔ם לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
And I said, “Hear, I beseech you, O heads of Jacob, And leaders of the house of Israel. Is it not incumbent upon you to know judgment? |
|
| Mic 3:2 | שֹׂ֥נְאֵי ט֖וֹב וְאֹ֣הֲבֵי *רעה **רָ֑ע גֹּזְלֵ֤י עוֹרָם֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׁאֵרָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל עַצְמוֹתָֽם׃ |
You are haters of good And lovers of evil. You flay their skin off them And remove their flesh off their bones.” |
evil: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Mic 3:3 | וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָכְלוּ֮ שְׁאֵ֣ר עַמִּי֒ וְעוֹרָם֙ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הִפְשִׁ֔יטוּ וְאֶת־עַצְמֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם פִּצֵּ֑חוּ וּפָרְשׂוּ֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסִּ֔יר וּכְבָשָׂ֖ר בְּת֥וֹךְ קַלָּֽחַת׃ |
And what they eat is the flesh of my people, And they flay their skin off them And break their bones, And they chop them up for cooking in a pot, Or as meat for stewing in a cauldron. |
for ← as. |
| Mic 3:4 | אָ֚ז יִזְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲנֶ֖ה אוֹתָ֑ם וְיַסְתֵּ֨ר פָּנָ֤יו מֵהֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵרֵ֖עוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ |
Then they will cry out to the Lord, But he will not answer them, And he will hide his face from them at that time, According to how they have done wrong in their works. |
|
| Mic 3:5 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים הַמַּתְעִ֣ים אֶת־עַמִּ֑י הַנֹּשְׁכִ֤ים בְּשִׁנֵּיהֶם֙ וְקָרְא֣וּ שָׁל֔וֹם וַאֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־יִתֵּ֣ן עַל־פִּיהֶ֔ם וְקִדְּשׁ֥וּ עָלָ֖יו מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
This is what the Lord says Concerning the prophets who are leading my people astray, Biting with their teeth, And who call, “Peace”, (And whoever does not deliver according to their speech, They prepare a holy war against him): |
this is what ← thus.
speech ← mouth. AV differs in this clause. prepare a holy war ← sanctify a war. |
| Mic 3:6 | לָכֵ֞ן לַ֤יְלָה לָכֶם֙ מֵֽחָז֔וֹן וְחָשְׁכָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם מִקְּסֹ֑ם וּבָ֤אָה הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְקָדַ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
“Therefore you will have a night blackout from visions, And darkness from divining, And the sun will set on the prophets, And daylight will grow dim on them. |
visions ← vision. |
| Mic 3:7 | וּבֹ֣שׁוּ הַחֹזִ֗ים וְחָֽפְרוּ֙ הַקֹּ֣סְמִ֔ים וְעָט֥וּ עַל־שָׂפָ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מַעֲנֵ֖ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
And the seers will be ashamed, And the diviners will blush, And they will all cover their mouth, For there will be no answer from God.” |
mouth: a single word meaning the lower part of the face, or perhaps, as in Modern Hebrew, moustache. |
| Mic 3:8 | וְאוּלָ֗ם אָנֹכִ֞י מָלֵ֤אתִי כֹ֙חַ֙ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּגְבוּרָ֑ה לְהַגִּ֤יד לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ פִּשְׁע֔וֹ וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ ס |
But truly, I am full of power With the spirit of the Lord, And of judgment and of courage To tell Jacob of his transgression And Israel of his sin. |
|
| Mic 3:9 | שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֗את רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽמֲתַעֲבִ֣ים מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַיְשָׁרָ֖ה יְעַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ |
Hear this, I beseech you, You heads of the house of Jacob, And you leaders of the house of Israel, Who exercise judgment abominably, And pervert everything that is upright, |
|
| Mic 3:10 | בֹּנֶ֥ה צִיּ֖וֹן בְּדָמִ֑ים וִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּעַוְלָֽה׃ |
And you who build Zion with blood, And Jerusalem with iniquity. |
you: singular. One could supply he. |
| Mic 3:11 | רָאשֶׁ֣יהָ ׀ בְּשֹׁ֣חַד יִשְׁפֹּ֗טוּ וְכֹהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּמְחִ֣יר יוֹר֔וּ וּנְבִיאֶ֖יהָ בְּכֶ֣סֶף יִקְסֹ֑מוּ וְעַל־יְהוָה֙ יִשָּׁעֵ֣נוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֤וֹא יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָֽה׃ |
Its leaders judge by bribery, And its priests teach for a fee, And its prophets divine for money. Yet they lean on the Lord, saying, “Is not the Lord among us? No evil shall come upon us.” |
yet: adversative use of the vav. |
| Mic 3:12 | לָכֵן֙ בִּגְלַלְכֶ֔ם צִיּ֖וֹן שָׂדֶ֣ה תֵֽחָרֵ֑שׁ וִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עִיִּ֣ין תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וְהַ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת לְבָמ֥וֹת יָֽעַר׃ פ |
Therefore, on your account, Zion will be ploughed to a field, And Jerusalem will become ruins, And the Temple Mount will become woodland heights. |
ruins: in an Aramaic form.
Temple Mount ← mount of the house. |
| Mic 4:1 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֗ים יִ֠הְיֶה הַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֤ה נָכוֹן֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הֶהָרִ֔ים וְנִשָּׂ֥א ה֖וּא מִגְּבָע֑וֹת וְנָהֲר֥וּ עָלָ֖יו עַמִּֽים׃ |
And it will come to pass in the last days That the mountain of the house of the Lord will be established As the foremost of the mountains, And it will be exalted above the hills, And the various peoples will flow to it. |
|| Isa 2:2.
as the foremost ← on the top. |
| Mic 4:2 | וְֽהָלְכ֞וּ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֗ים וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ לְכ֣וּ ׀ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶל־הַר־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־בֵּית֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיוֹרֵ֙נוּ֙ מִדְּרָכָ֔יו וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּאֹֽרְחֹתָ֑יו כִּ֤י מִצִּיּוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֣א תוֹרָ֔ה וּדְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
And many Gentile nations will go, And they will say, “Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, And to the house of the God of Jacob, And he will instruct us concerning his ways, And let us walk in his paths.” For the law will go out from Zion, And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. |
|| Isa 2:3. |
| Mic 4:3 | וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ לְגוֹיִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָח֑וֹק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גּ֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
And he will judge among many peoples, And he will convict mighty nations, However far away. And they will beat their swords into ploughshares And their spears into pruning shears. Nation will not lift up the sword against nation, And they will no longer learn warfare. |
|| Isa 2:4.
convict: or reprove. Less judicial than judge; the sense is to demonstrate that someone is wrong. however far away ← up to far away. |
| Mic 4:4 | וְיָשְׁב֗וּ אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֧חַת גַּפְנ֛וֹ וְתַ֥חַת תְּאֵנָת֖וֹ וְאֵ֣ין מַחֲרִ֑יד כִּי־פִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת דִּבֵּֽר׃ |
And each man will sit under his vine And under his fig tree. And there will be no-one making them afraid, For the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken. |
Compare this verse with Lev 26:6, Job 11:19, Isa 17:2, Zeph 3:13, Ezek 34:28. |
| Mic 4:5 | כִּ֚י כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים יֵלְכ֕וּ אִ֖ישׁ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ נֵלֵ֛ךְ בְּשֵׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ פ |
For all the various peoples will walk each in the name of his god, But we will walk in the name of the Lord our God, For the age and in perpetuity. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Mic 4:6 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אֹֽסְפָה֙ הַצֹּ֣לֵעָ֔ה וְהַנִּדָּחָ֖ה אֲקַבֵּ֑צָה וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר הֲרֵעֹֽתִי׃ |
On that day, says the Lord, I will gather the lame women, And collect her who has been cast out, And those I have afflicted. |
lame women: feminine singular, but we take it as collective usage. |
| Mic 4:7 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י אֶת־הַצֹּֽלֵעָה֙ לִשְׁאֵרִ֔ית וְהַנַּהֲלָאָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי עָצ֑וּם וּמָלַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה עֲלֵיהֶם֙ בְּהַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן מֵעַתָּ֖ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ פ |
And I will make the lame women a remnant, And her who has been cast out a great nation, And the Lord will reign over them, On Mount Zion, From that time and age-abidingly. |
lame women: as in Mic 4:6. |
| Mic 4:8 | וְאַתָּ֣ה מִגְדַּל־עֵ֗דֶר עֹ֛פֶל בַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן עָדֶ֣יךָ תֵּאתֶ֑ה וּבָאָ֗ה הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה מַמְלֶ֖כֶת לְבַ֥ת־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
And as for you, O tower of the flock, Citadel of the daughter of Zion, To you it will betake itself and come – The first dominion, The kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem. |
tower of the flock: [CB] refers this to Bethlehem.
citadel: or, as a name, Ophel. daughter: here perhaps in the sense of satellite town. |
| Mic 4:9 | עַתָּ֕ה לָ֥מָּה תָרִ֖יעִי רֵ֑עַ הֲמֶ֣לֶךְ אֵֽין־בָּ֗ךְ אִֽם־יוֹעֲצֵךְ֙ אָבָ֔ד כִּֽי־הֶחֱזִיקֵ֥ךְ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃ |
Now why do you shout noisily? Is there no king among you? Or has your adviser ceased to exist? For a writhing has seized you Like a woman giving birth. |
you: feminine singular, as used for cities.
shout noisily ← noise a noise. |
| Mic 4:10 | ח֧וּלִי וָגֹ֛חִי בַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כַּיּֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה כִּֽי־עַתָּה֩ תֵצְאִ֨י מִקִּרְיָ֜ה וְשָׁכַ֣נְתְּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה וּבָ֤את עַד־בָּבֶל֙ שָׁ֣ם תִּנָּצֵ֔לִי שָׁ֚ם יִגְאָלֵ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִכַּ֖ף אֹיְבָֽיִךְ׃ |
Writhe and go into labour, O daughter of Zion, Like a woman giving birth. For now you will go out of the town, And dwell in the countryside, And you will go to Babylon, But there you will be rescued; There the Lord will redeem you From the grip of your enemies. |
grip ← hand. |
| Mic 4:11 | וְעַתָּ֛ה נֶאֶסְפ֥וּ עָלַ֖יִךְ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֑ים הָאֹמְרִ֣ים תֶּחֱנָ֔ף וְתַ֥חַז בְּצִיּ֖וֹן עֵינֵֽינוּ׃ |
And now, many nations will be gathered against you, Saying, “Let her be profaned”, And, “Let our eyes see Zion.” |
let our eyes see Zion: discordant in number, but that is not uncommon in Hebrew. Otherwise, let her see our eyes in Zion. |
| Mic 4:12 | וְהֵ֗מָּה לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א הֵבִ֖ינוּ עֲצָת֑וֹ כִּ֥י קִבְּצָ֖ם כֶּעָמִ֥יר גֹּֽרְנָה׃ |
But they do not know the thoughts of the Lord, And they do not understand his counsel, For he will gather them, Like a sheaf taken to the threshing floor. |
|
| Mic 4:13 | ק֧וּמִי וָד֣וֹשִׁי בַת־צִיּ֗וֹן כִּֽי־קַרְנֵ֞ךְ אָשִׂ֤ים בַּרְזֶל֙ וּפַרְסֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ אָשִׂ֣ים נְחוּשָׁ֔ה וַהֲדִקּ֖וֹת עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּצְעָ֔ם וְחֵילָ֖ם לַאֲד֥וֹן כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
“Rise and thresh, O daughter of Zion, For I will make your horn of iron, And I will make your hooves of copper, And you will grind many peoples small”, And I will consecrate their unjust gain to the Lord, And their wealth to the Lord of the whole earth. |
I will consecrate: or, as an Aramaism, you will consecrate. But the previous verb in this verse, וַהֲדִקּוֹת, you will grind small, is regular Hebrew for the same grammatical person and tense as the proposed Aramaism. |
| Mic 4:14 Mic 5:1AV |
עַתָּה֙ תִּתְגֹּדְדִ֣י בַת־גְּד֔וּד מָצ֖וֹר שָׂ֣ם עָלֵ֑ינוּ בַּשֵּׁ֙בֶט֙ יַכּ֣וּ עַֽל־הַלְּחִ֔י אֵ֖ת שֹׁפֵ֥ט יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס |
Now gather in troops, O daughter of the troop. He has placed a siege against us. They will strike the judge of Israel With a rod against the cheek. |
|
| Mic 5:1 Mic 5:2AV |
וְאַתָּ֞ה בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם אֶפְרָ֗תָה צָעִיר֙ לִֽהְיוֹת֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמְּךָ֙ לִ֣י יֵצֵ֔א לִֽהְי֥וֹת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו מִקֶּ֖דֶם מִימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
“But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Although you are small among the thousands of Judah, From you he who is mine will come out, To be a ruler in Israel, Yet his goings are of age-old time. |
Matt 2:6, John 7:42.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. yet: concessive use of the vav. goings ← goings out. time ← days. |
| Mic 5:2 Mic 5:3AV |
לָכֵ֣ן יִתְּנֵ֔ם עַד־עֵ֥ת יוֹלֵדָ֖ה יָלָ֑דָה וְיֶ֣תֶר אֶחָ֔יו יְשׁוּב֖וּן עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Therefore he will suffer them Until the time when she who is giving birth Has given birth, Then the rest of his brothers will return to the sons of Israel. |
|
| Mic 5:3 Mic 5:4AV |
וְעָמַ֗ד וְרָעָה֙ בְּעֹ֣ז יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְא֕וֹן שֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וְיָשָׁ֕בוּ כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה יִגְדַּ֖ל עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
And he will stand and tend them In the strength of the Lord, In the excellence of the name of the Lord his God, And they will remain secure, For then he will have become great up to the ends of the earth. |
|
| Mic 5:4 Mic 5:5AV |
וְהָיָ֥ה זֶ֖ה שָׁל֑וֹם אַשּׁ֣וּר ׀ כִּֽי־יָב֣וֹא בְאַרְצֵ֗נוּ וְכִ֤י יִדְרֹךְ֙ בְּאַרְמְנֹתֵ֔ינוּ וַהֲקֵמֹ֤נוּ עָלָיו֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה רֹעִ֔ים וּשְׁמֹנָ֖ה נְסִיכֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
And this man will be peace. When Assyria comes to our land, And when he treads in our palaces, We will raise up against him seven shepherds And eight princely men. |
princely men ← princes of men. |
| Mic 5:5 Mic 5:6AV |
וְרָע֞וּ אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ אַשּׁוּר֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ נִמְרֹ֖ד בִּפְתָחֶ֑יהָ וְהִצִּיל֙ מֵֽאַשּׁ֔וּר כִּֽי־יָב֣וֹא בְאַרְצֵ֔נוּ וְכִ֥י יִדְרֹ֖ךְ בִּגְבוּלֵֽנוּ׃ ס |
And they will rule the land of Assyria with the sword, And the land of Nimrod at its gates. And he will deliver us from Assyria, When he comes into our land, And when he steps into our territory. |
rule: from root רָעָה, pasture, govern, or from root רָעַע, break, as in Jer 11:6. AV differs, taking the alternative, loosely, (waste).
territory ← border. |
| Mic 5:6 Mic 5:7AV |
וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֗ב בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כְּטַל֙ מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כִּרְבִיבִ֖ים עֲלֵי־עֵ֑שֶׂב אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יְקַוֶּה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וְלֹ֥א יְיַחֵ֖ל לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
And the remainder of Jacob will be in the midst of many peoples, Like dew from the Lord, Like showers on the grass. And he will not put hope in man, Nor will he put expectation in the sons of Adam. |
|
| Mic 5:7 Mic 5:8AV |
וְהָיָה֩ שְׁאֵרִ֨ית יַעֲקֹ֜ב בַּגּוֹיִ֗ם בְּקֶ֙רֶב֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כְּאַרְיֵה֙ בְּבַהֲמ֣וֹת יַ֔עַר כִּכְפִ֖יר בְּעֶדְרֵי צֹ֑אן אֲשֶׁ֧ר אִם עָבַ֛ר וְרָמַ֥ס וְטָרַ֖ף וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
And the remainder of Jacob will be among the Gentiles, In the midst of many peoples, Like a lion among the beasts of the forest, Like a young lion among the flocks of sheep, Which, if it comes across them, It tramples and tears them to pieces, And there is no-one to deliver them. |
|
| Mic 5:8 Mic 5:9AV |
תָּרֹ֥ם יָדְךָ֖ עַל־צָרֶ֑יךָ וְכָל־אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ יִכָּרֵֽתוּ׃ פ |
Let your hand be raised against your adversaries, And may all your enemies be cut off. |
|
| Mic 5:9 Mic 5:10AV |
וְהָיָ֤ה בַיּוֹם־הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י סוּסֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖י מַרְכְּבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
And it will come to pass on that day, Says the Lord, That I will cut off your horses from your midst, And I will destroy your chariots. |
|
| Mic 5:10 Mic 5:11AV |
וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהָרַסְתִּ֖י כָּל־מִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃ |
And I will cut off the cities of your land, And I will demolish all your fortresses. |
|
| Mic 5:11 Mic 5:12AV |
וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י כְשָׁפִ֖ים מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ וּֽמְעוֹנְנִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִֽהְיוּ־לָֽךְ׃ |
And I will cut off sorceries from your reach, And you will have no diviners by clouds. |
reach ← hand. |
| Mic 5:12 Mic 5:13AV |
וְהִכְרַתִּ֧י פְסִילֶ֛יךָ וּמַצֵּבוֹתֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד לְמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃ |
And I will cut off your carved images, And your pillars from your midst, And you will no longer worship the works of your hands. |
|
| Mic 5:13 Mic 5:14AV |
וְנָתַשְׁתִּ֥י אֲשֵׁירֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֖י עָרֶֽיךָ׃ |
And I will pull down your phallic parks from your precincts, And I will destroy your cities. |
|
| Mic 5:14 Mic 5:15AV |
וְעָשִׂ֜יתִי בְּאַ֧ף וּבְחֵמָ֛ה נָקָ֖ם אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ ס |
And I will take vengeance in anger and in fury On the Gentiles who have not listened.” |
|
| Mic 6:1 | שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֕א אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֖ה אֹמֵ֑ר ק֚וּם רִ֣יב אֶת־הֶהָרִ֔ים וְתִשְׁמַ֥עְנָה הַגְּבָע֖וֹת קוֹלֶֽךָ׃ |
Do listen to what the Lord is saying: “Rise and contend with the mountains, And let the hills hear your voice. |
|
| Mic 6:2 | שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת־רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְהָאֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־עַמּ֔וֹ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃ |
Hear, O mountains, the Lord's contention, And you firm foundations of the earth, For the Lord has a contention with his people, And he will argue with Israel. |
|
| Mic 6:3 | עַמִּ֛י מֶה־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לְךָ֖ וּמָ֣ה הֶלְאֵתִ֑יךָ עֲנֵ֥ה בִּֽי׃ |
My people, what have I done to you? And in what way have I wearied you? Testify the case against me. |
|
| Mic 6:4 | כִּ֤י הֶעֱלִתִ֙יךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִ֖ים פְּדִיתִ֑יךָ וָאֶשְׁלַ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּמִרְיָֽם׃ |
For I brought you out of the land of Egypt, And I redeemed you from a house of slavery, When I sent Moses, Aaron and Miriam before you. |
slavery ← slaves, or servants. |
| Mic 6:5 | עַמִּ֗י זְכָר־נָא֙ מַה־יָּעַ֗ץ בָּלָק֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וּמֶה־עָנָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֑וֹר מִן־הַשִּׁטִּים֙ עַד־הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל לְמַ֕עַן דַּ֖עַת צִדְק֥וֹת יְהוָֽה׃ |
My people, do remember how Balak king of Moab took counsel, And how Balaam the son of Beor answered him, From Shittim to Gilgal, In order to know the righteous ways of the Lord.” |
Balaam: see Num 22:5.
Shittim ... Gilgal ← the Shittim ... the Gilgal. |
| Mic 6:6 | בַּמָּה֙ אֲקַדֵּ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה אִכַּ֖ף לֵאלֹהֵ֣י מָר֑וֹם הַאֲקַדְּמֶ֣נּוּ בְעוֹל֔וֹת בַּעֲגָלִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָֽה׃ |
With what shall I come before the Lord, And bow to God on high? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, With one-year-old calves? |
on high ← of height. |
| Mic 6:7 | הֲיִרְצֶ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י אֵילִ֔ים בְּרִֽבְב֖וֹת נַֽחֲלֵי־שָׁ֑מֶן הַאֶתֵּ֤ן בְּכוֹרִי֙ פִּשְׁעִ֔י פְּרִ֥י בִטְנִ֖י חַטַּ֥את נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Is the Lord pleased with thousands of rams? Or with tens of thousands of streams of oil? Shall I give my firstborn for my transgression – The fruit of my belly – For my personal sins? |
my personal sins ← the sins of my soul. |
| Mic 6:8 | הִגִּ֥יד לְךָ֛ אָדָ֖ם מַה־טּ֑וֹב וּמָֽה־יְהוָ֞ה דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ מִמְּךָ֗ כִּ֣י אִם־עֲשׂ֤וֹת מִשְׁפָּט֙ וְאַ֣הֲבַת חֶ֔סֶד וְהַצְנֵ֥עַ לֶ֖כֶת עִם־אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ פ |
He has told you, O man, What is good, And what the Lord requires from you, Which is rather to exercise justice, And to love kindness, And to walk humbly with your God. |
|
| Mic 6:9 | ק֤וֹל יְהוָה֙ לָעִ֣יר יִקְרָ֔א וְתוּשִׁיָּ֖ה יִרְאֶ֣ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ שִׁמְע֥וּ מַטֶּ֖ה וּמִ֥י יְעָדָֽהּ׃ |
The voice of the Lord calls to the city, And your name provides wisdom: “Hear the rod of chastisement. And who appointed the matter? |
your name provides wisdom: AV differs, and it is discordant in gender (which can be acceptable). Our translation implies an example of a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Mic 6:10 | ע֗וֹד הַאִשׁ֙ בֵּ֣ית רָשָׁ֔ע אֹצְר֖וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע וְאֵיפַ֥ת רָז֖וֹן זְעוּמָֽה׃ |
Are there still in the house of the wicked Treasures obtained by wickedness? And a short-measured ephah Causing indignation? |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
causing indignation ← indignant (agreeing with ephah). |
| Mic 6:11 | הַאֶזְכֶּ֖ה בְּמֹ֣אזְנֵי רֶ֑שַׁע וּבְכִ֖יס אַבְנֵ֥י מִרְמָֽה׃ |
Will I be found pure with dishonest balances? Or will I be found with the bag of false weights? |
will I be found pure: AV differs (shall I count (them) pure), apparently taking the verb as piel or hiphil (possible by re-pointing). We see the questions ↴ |
| Mic 6:12 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲשִׁירֶ֙יהָ֙ מָלְא֣וּ חָמָ֔ס וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ דִּבְּרוּ־שָׁ֑קֶר וּלְשׁוֹנָ֖ם רְמִיָּ֥ה בְּפִיהֶֽם׃ |
For her rich men are full of violence, And her inhabitants speak falsely, And their tongue is deceitful in their mouth. |
↳ as being for those addressed to consider (rather than Micah being introspective).
deceitful ← deceit. |
| Mic 6:13 | וְגַם־אֲנִ֖י הֶחֱלֵ֣יתִי הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ הַשְׁמֵ֖ם עַל־חַטֹּאתֶֽךָ׃ |
I will also afflict you, By striking you and making you desolate For your sins. |
by striking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Mic 6:14 | אַתָּ֤ה תֹאכַל֙ וְלֹ֣א תִשְׂבָּ֔ע וְיֶשְׁחֲךָ֖ בְּקִרְבֶּ֑ךָ וְתַסֵּג֙ וְלֹ֣א תַפְלִ֔יט וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּפַלֵּ֖ט לַחֶ֥רֶב אֶתֵּֽן׃ |
You will eat, But not be satisfied, And you will have dissatisfaction inside you. And should you take hold of something, You will not carry it away safely. And whoever would escape I will give up to the sword. |
AV differs in parts. |
| Mic 6:15 | אַתָּ֥ה תִזְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א תִקְצ֑וֹר אַתָּ֤ה תִדְרֹֽךְ־זַ֙יִת֙ וְלֹא־תָס֣וּךְ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתֶּה־יָּֽיִן׃ |
You will sow, But you will not reap. You will tread the olive, But you will not anoint yourself with its oil, And you will prepare must, But you will not drink the wine. |
|
| Mic 6:16 | וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּ֞ר חֻקּ֣וֹת עָמְרִ֗י וְכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה בֵית־אַחְאָ֔ב וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ בְּמֹֽעֲצוֹתָ֑ם לְמַעַן֩ תִּתִּ֨י אֹתְךָ֜ לְשַׁמָּ֗ה וְיֹשְׁבֶ֙יהָ֙ לִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת עַמִּ֖י תִּשָּֽׂאוּ׃ פ |
So let a man beware Of the statutes of Omri And all the works of the house of Ahab – For you have walked in their counsels – Lest I make you a desolation, And its inhabitants an object of jeering, And they bear the reproach of my people.” |
beware: AV differs (are kept); also in what follows.
lest ← in order that, but understand (otherwise, I would act) in order to. jeering ← hissing. |
| Mic 7:1 | אַ֣לְלַי לִ֗י כִּ֤י הָיִ֙יתִי֙ כְּאָסְפֵּי־קַ֔יִץ כְּעֹלְלֹ֖ת בָּצִ֑יר אֵין־אֶשְׁכּ֣וֹל לֶאֱכ֔וֹל בִּכּוּרָ֖ה אִוְּתָ֥ה נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Alas for me, For I am like those doing the summer ingathering and the vintage gleaning. But there is no bunch of grapes to eat Or early fruit which my being longs for. |
being ← soul. |
| Mic 7:2 | אָבַ֤ד חָסִיד֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיָשָׁ֥ר בָּאָדָ֖ם אָ֑יִן כֻּלָּם֙ לְדָמִ֣ים יֶאֱרֹ֔בוּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֖יהוּ יָצ֥וּדוּ חֵֽרֶם׃ |
The kind have disappeared from the earth, And there is no-one upright among men; They all lie in wait for blood, And a man hunts his brother with a net. |
disappeared ← perished. |
| Mic 7:3 | עַל־הָרַ֤ע כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ לְהֵיטִ֔יב הַשַּׂ֣ר שֹׁאֵ֔ל וְהַשֹּׁפֵ֖ט בַּשִׁלּ֑וּם וְהַגָּד֗וֹל דֹּבֵ֨ר הַוַּ֥ת נַפְשׁ֛וֹ ה֖וּא וַֽיְעַבְּתֽוּהָ׃ |
Their hands are intent on prospering through evil. The prince asks for favours, And the judge asks for a bribe, And the important man speaks of his personal wishes, And they pervert the case. |
important ← great.
his personal wishes ← the lust of his soul. the case ← it. |
| Mic 7:4 | טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק יָשָׁ֖ר מִמְּסוּכָ֑ה י֤וֹם מְצַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ פְּקֻדָּתְךָ֣ בָ֔אָה עַתָּ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה מְבוּכָתָֽם׃ |
Their goodness is like a briar, Their uprightness is thornier than a thorn-hedge. The day your watchmen are looking out for – The day of your visitation – is coming. At that time they will be in confusion. |
they will be in confusion ← their confusion will be. |
| Mic 7:5 | אַל־תַּאֲמִ֣ינוּ בְרֵ֔עַ אַֽל־תִּבְטְח֖וּ בְּאַלּ֑וּף מִשֹּׁכֶ֣בֶת חֵיקֶ֔ךָ שְׁמֹ֖ר פִּתְחֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
Do not put faith in a neighbour; Do not put trust in the local leader Any more than in her who lies in your bosom. Guard the portals of your mouth. |
AV differs somewhat. |
| Mic 7:6 | כִּֽי־בֵן֙ מְנַבֵּ֣ל אָ֔ב בַּ֚ת קָמָ֣ה בְאִמָּ֔הּ כַּלָּ֖ה בַּחֲמֹתָ֑הּ אֹיְבֵ֥י אִ֖ישׁ אַנְשֵׁ֥י בֵיתֽוֹ׃ |
For the son despises his father, And the daughter rises up against her mother, And the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. A man's enemies are the men of his household. |
Matt 10:35, Matt 10:36, Mark 13:12, Luke 12:53.
daughter-in-law: or bride. |
| Mic 7:7 | וַאֲנִי֙ בַּיהוָ֣ה אֲצַפֶּ֔ה אוֹחִ֖ילָה לֵאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעִ֑י יִשְׁמָעֵ֖נִי אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
But I will watch for the Lord; I will wait for the God of my salvation. My God will hear me. |
|
| Mic 7:8 | אַֽל־תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י אֹיַ֙בְתִּי֙ לִ֔י כִּ֥י נָפַ֖לְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי כִּֽי־אֵשֵׁ֣ב בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ יְהוָ֖ה א֥וֹר לִֽי׃ ס |
Do not rejoice, You enemy of mine. If I fall, I will rise, And if I sit in darkness, The Lord is my light. |
enemy: feminine singular. |
| Mic 7:9 | זַ֤עַף יְהוָה֙ אֶשָּׂ֔א כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אתִי ל֑וֹ עַד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֤יב רִיבִי֙ וְעָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁפָּטִ֔י יוֹצִיאֵ֣נִי לָא֔וֹר אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ |
I will bear the anger of the Lord, For I have sinned against him, Until he pleads my case, And he passes judgment concerning me. He will bring me out into the light, And I will see his righteousness. |
passes judgment concerning me ← does my judgment. |
| Mic 7:10 | וְתֵרֶ֤א אֹיַ֙בְתִּי֙ וּתְכַסֶּ֣הָ בוּשָׁ֔ה הָאֹמְרָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י אַיּ֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ עֵינַי֙ תִּרְאֶ֣ינָּה בָּ֔הּ עַתָּ֛ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְמִרְמָ֖ס כְּטִ֥יט חוּצֽוֹת׃ |
Then my enemy will see it, And shame will cover her Who said to me, “Where is the Lord your God?” My eyes will see her. Now she will be trodden down, Like the mud of the out-fields. |
enemy: feminine singular, as in Mic 7:8.
be trodden down ← be a trodden down thing. |
| Mic 7:11 | י֖וֹם לִבְנ֣וֹת גְּדֵרָ֑יִךְ י֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יִרְחַק־חֹֽק׃ |
It is a day of building your walls. On that day, The boundary will be pushed back. |
boundary: AV differs somewhat (decree), both words being linked by the concept of something fixed.
pushed back ← made distant. |
| Mic 7:12 | י֥וֹם הוּא֙ וְעָדֶ֣יךָ יָב֔וֹא לְמִנִּ֥י אַשּׁ֖וּר וְעָרֵ֣י מָצ֑וֹר וּלְמִנִּ֤י מָצוֹר֙ וְעַד־נָהָ֔ר וְיָ֥ם מִיָּ֖ם וְהַ֥ר הָהָֽר׃ |
On that day, He will come to you from Assyria, And from fortified cities, And from the fortification to the river, And from sea to sea, And from mountain to mountain. |
|
| Mic 7:13 | וְהָיְתָ֥ה הָאָ֛רֶץ לִשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַל־יֹֽשְׁבֶ֑יהָ מִפְּרִ֖י מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ ס |
And the land shall be a desolation on its inhabitants On account of the fruit of their works. |
|
| Mic 7:14 | רְעֵ֧ה עַמְּךָ֣ בְשִׁבְטֶ֗ךָ צֹ֚אן נַֽחֲלָתֶ֔ךָ שֹׁכְנִ֣י לְבָדָ֔ד יַ֖עַר בְּת֣וֹךְ כַּרְמֶ֑ל יִרְע֥וּ בָשָׁ֛ן וְגִלְעָ֖ד כִּימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Feed your people with your sceptre – The sheep of your inheritance – Dwelling solitarily in the forest in the midst of Carmel. Let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, As in days of age-old time. |
feed: or, metaphorically, govern.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Mic 7:15 | כִּימֵ֥י צֵאתְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אַרְאֶ֖נּוּ נִפְלָאֽוֹת׃ |
As in the days when you came out of the land of Egypt, I will show him wonders. |
|
| Mic 7:16 | יִרְא֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ וְיֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מִכֹּ֖ל גְּבֽוּרָתָ֑ם יָשִׂ֤ימוּ יָד֙ עַל־פֶּ֔ה אָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם תֶּחֱרַֽשְׁנָה׃ |
The Gentiles will see And be ashamed of all their might. They will put their hand to their mouth; Their ears will be deaf. |
|
| Mic 7:17 | יְלַחֲכ֤וּ עָפָר֙ כַּנָּחָ֔שׁ כְּזֹחֲלֵ֣י אֶ֔רֶץ יִרְגְּז֖וּ מִמִּסְגְּרֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם אֶל־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ יִפְחָ֔דוּ וְיִֽרְא֖וּ מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
They will lick the dust like the snake; Like the crawling things of the earth, They will come trembling out of their confined spaces. They will fear the Lord our God And be afraid because of you. |
|
| Mic 7:18 | מִי־אֵ֣ל כָּמ֗וֹךָ נֹשֵׂ֤א עָוֺן֙ וְעֹבֵ֣ר עַל־פֶּ֔שַׁע לִשְׁאֵרִ֖ית נַחֲלָת֑וֹ לֹא־הֶחֱזִ֤יק לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־חָפֵ֥ץ חֶ֖סֶד הֽוּא׃ |
Who is a God like you, Forgiving iniquity and pardoning transgressions For the remnant of his inheritance? He will not retain his anger in perpetuity, For he delights in kindness. |
|
| Mic 7:19 | יָשׁ֣וּב יְרַֽחֲמֵ֔נוּ יִכְבֹּ֖שׁ עֲוֺֽנֹתֵ֑ינוּ וְתַשְׁלִ֛יךְ בִּמְצֻל֥וֹת יָ֖ם כָּל־חַטֹּאותָֽם׃ |
He will again have mercy on us; He will trample our iniquities underfoot. And you will cast all their sins into the depths of the sea. |
The change of grammatical person is not unusual in Hebrew. |
| Mic 7:20 | תִּתֵּ֤ן אֱמֶת֙ לְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב חֶ֖סֶד לְאַבְרָהָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ מִ֥ימֵי קֶֽדֶם׃ |
You will impart truth to Jacob, And kindness to Abraham, Which you swore to our fathers In days of old. |
|
| Nah 1:1 | מַשָּׂ֖א נִֽינְוֵ֑ה סֵ֧פֶר חֲז֛וֹן נַח֖וּם הָאֶלְקֹשִֽׁי׃ | The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite. | |
| Nah 1:2 | אֵ֣ל קַנּ֤וֹא וְנֹקֵם֙ יְהוָ֔ה נֹקֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה וּבַ֣עַל חֵמָ֑ה נֹקֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לְצָרָ֔יו וְנוֹטֵ֥ר ה֖וּא לְאֹיְבָֽיו׃ |
God is jealous And the Lord is vengeful. The Lord is vengeful, And he is a person of fury. The Lord takes vengeance on his adversaries, And he reserves judgment on his enemies. |
a person of fury ← a possessor of fury. |
| Nah 1:3 | יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ *וגדול־**וּגְדָל־כֹּ֔חַ וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֑ה יְהוָ֗ה בְּסוּפָ֤ה וּבִשְׂעָרָה֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְעָנָ֖ן אֲבַ֥ק רַגְלָֽיו׃ |
The Lord is longsuffering and great in power, And he will certainly not acquit the guilty. The Lord's way is in a whirlwind and in a storm, And the clouds are the fine dust of his feet. |
great: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
he will certainly not acquit: infinitive absolute. the clouds ← a cloud. Collective usage. |
| Nah 1:4 | גּוֹעֵ֤ר בַּיָּם֙ וַֽיַּבְּשֵׁ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַנְּהָר֖וֹת הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב אֻמְלַ֤ל בָּשָׁן֙ וְכַרְמֶ֔ל וּפֶ֥רַח לְבָנ֖וֹן אֻמְלָֽל׃ |
He rebukes the sea and makes it dry, And he dries up all the rivers. Bashan languishes, and Carmel too, And the flower of Lebanon languishes as well. |
languishes ... languishes: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Nah 1:5 | הָרִים֙ רָעֲשׁ֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְהַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ וַתִּשָּׂ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וְתֵבֵ֖ל וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ |
Mountains tremble before him, And hills melt, And the land is upheaved in his presence, As is the world and all its inhabitants. |
upheaved: AV differs (burned). |
| Nah 1:6 | לִפְנֵ֤י זַעְמוֹ֙ מִ֣י יַֽעֲמ֔וֹד וּמִ֥י יָק֖וּם בַּחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ חֲמָתוֹ֙ נִתְּכָ֣ה כָאֵ֔שׁ וְהַצֻּרִ֖ים נִתְּצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Who can stand before his indignation, And who can endure the fury of his anger? His wrath is poured out like fire, And the rocks are demolished by him. |
endure ← rise in. |
| Nah 1:7 | ט֣וֹב יְהוָ֔ה לְמָע֖וֹז בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה וְיֹדֵ֖עַ חֹ֥סֵי בֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord is good; He is a stronghold on the day of adversity, And he knows those Who trust in him. |
|
| Nah 1:8 | וּבְשֶׁ֣טֶף עֹבֵ֔ר כָּלָ֖ה יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מְקוֹמָ֑הּ וְאֹיְבָ֖יו יְרַדֶּף־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
And with a flood passing over, He will make an end of its site; Darkness will pursue his enemies. |
its site ← her place, referring to Nineveh.
pursue: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. his enemies: i.e. the Lord's enemies. |
| Nah 1:9 | מַה־תְּחַשְּׁבוּן֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה כָּלָ֖ה ה֣וּא עֹשֶׂ֑ה לֹֽא־תָק֥וּם פַּעֲמַ֖יִם צָרָֽה׃ |
What do you imagine against the Lord? He will make an end; Adversity will not rise up a second time. |
|
| Nah 1:10 | כִּ֚י עַד־סִירִ֣ים סְבֻכִ֔ים וּכְסָבְאָ֖ם סְבוּאִ֑ים אֻ֨כְּל֔וּ כְּקַ֥שׁ יָבֵ֖שׁ מָלֵֽא׃ |
For the end will come to the entwined thorns, And this will happen when they are drunk from their drinking bout. They will be consumed like chaff fully dry. |
|
| Nah 1:11 | מִמֵּ֣ךְ יָצָ֔א חֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־יְהוָ֖ה רָעָ֑ה יֹעֵ֖ץ בְּלִיָּֽעַל׃ ס |
From you one will come out Imagining evil against the Lord – A worthless counsellor. |
from you: i.e. from Nineveh. |
| Nah 1:12 | כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֽוֹד׃ |
This is what the Lord says: “Even if they are in full number, And ever so numerous, Nevertheless, they will be cut down, And the event will pass. Although I have afflicted you, I will not afflict you any more. |
this is what ← thus.
the event will pass: or he will pass (through). although: concessive use of the vav. The reference is now to Judah. See [CB]. |
| Nah 1:13 | וְעַתָּ֕ה אֶשְׁבֹּ֥ר מֹטֵ֖הוּ מֵֽעָלָ֑יִךְ וּמוֹסְרֹתַ֖יִךְ אֲנַתֵּֽק׃ |
And now I will break his yoke off you, And I will undo your bonds. |
yoke: the word normally means connecting pole, drawbar. |
| Nah 1:14 | וְצִוָּ֤ה עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה לֹֽא־יִזָּרַ֥ע מִשִּׁמְךָ֖ ע֑וֹד מִבֵּ֨ית אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אַכְרִ֨ית פֶּ֧סֶל וּמַסֵּכָ֛ה אָשִׂ֥ים קִבְרֶ֖ךָ כִּ֥י קַלּֽוֹתָ׃ פ |
And the Lord will give commandment concerning you; No-one of your name will be propagated any more. I will cut off the carved image and the cast image from the house of your gods; I will appoint your grave, For you are despised. |
|
| Nah 2:1 Nah 1:15AV |
הִנֵּ֨ה עַל־הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֤י מְבַשֵּׂר֙ מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ שָׁל֔וֹם חָגִּ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה חַגַּ֖יִךְ שַׁלְּמִ֣י נְדָרָ֑יִךְ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֥יף ע֛וֹד *לעבור־**לַֽעֲבָר־בָּ֥ךְ בְּלִיַּ֖עַל כֻּלֹּ֥ה נִכְרָֽת׃ |
Behold on the mountains The feet of him who brings good tidings, Who proclaims peace. Celebrate your feasts, Judah, And fulfil your vows, For the worthless one will no longer pass through you; He will have been completely cut off. |
pass: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
behold on the mountains ... the feet of him who brings good tidings ... who proclaims peace: compare Isa 52:7 (quoted in Rom 10:15). |
| Nah 2:2 Nah 2:1AV |
עָלָ֥ה מֵפִ֛יץ עַל־פָּנַ֖יִךְ נָצ֣וֹר מְצֻרָ֑ה צַפֵּה־דֶ֙רֶךְ֙ חַזֵּ֣ק מָתְנַ֔יִם אַמֵּ֥ץ כֹּ֖חַ מְאֹֽד׃ |
The scatterer has gone up in confrontation with you. Guard the rampart, Watch the highway, Firm up your loins; Build up your strength greatly. |
gone up: used of going to battle. Compare 2 Sam 23:9.
in confrontation with you ← against your face. guard: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Nah 2:3 Nah 2:2AV |
כִּ֣י שָׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּגְא֖וֹן יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י בְקָקוּם֙ בֹּֽקְקִ֔ים וּזְמֹרֵיהֶ֖ם שִׁחֵֽתוּ׃ |
For the Lord will restore the splendour of Jacob As the splendour of Israel, For the emptiers have emptied them And have brought ruin on their branches. |
restore: AV differs (hath turned away). [AnLx] V gives lead / bring back. |
| Nah 2:4 Nah 2:3AV |
מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃ |
His warriors' shield is stained red, The valiant men are dyed scarlet, The chariots are with fiery steel On the day which he has prepared, And the cypresses are shaken by it. |
valiant men ← men of valour, a Hebraic genitive.
dyed: others, clothed in, also possible. fiery steel ← fire of steels. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Isa 49:8. As ↴ |
| Nah 2:5 Nah 2:4AV |
בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ׃ |
Chariots drive in a frenzy in the open places, They run up and down the streets, Their appearance is as flares; They run swiftly like lightning flashes. |
↳ a regular Hebraic genitive, steely fire. |
| Nah 2:6 Nah 2:5AV |
יִזְכֹּר֙ אַדִּירָ֔יו יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ *בהלכותם **בַּהֲלִֽיכָתָ֑ם יְמַֽהֲרוּ֙ חֽוֹמָתָ֔הּ וְהֻכַ֖ן הַסֹּכֵֽךְ׃ |
He will remember his dignitaries; They will stumble as they go. They will return to its wall, And the defence will be prepared. |
as they go ← {K: in their goings} [Q: in their going]. |
| Nah 2:7 Nah 2:6AV |
שַׁעֲרֵ֥י הַנְּהָר֖וֹת נִפְתָּ֑חוּ וְהַֽהֵיכָ֖ל נָמֽוֹג׃ |
The sluices of the rivers will be opened, And the palace will be dissolved. |
|
| Nah 2:8 Nah 2:7AV |
וְהֻצַּ֖ב גֻּלְּתָ֣ה הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָה וְאַמְהֹתֶ֗יהָ מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ כְּק֣וֹל יוֹנִ֔ים מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶֽן׃ |
And it has been determined: Nineveh will go into captivity, She will be made to go up, And her maidservants will lament like the sound of doves, Beating their hearts. |
it has been determined: AV differs (Huzzab), as a name.
she: [CB], standing for the queen or queen-mother, personifying the city. |
| Nah 2:9 Nah 2:8AV |
וְנִינְוֵ֥ה כִבְרֵֽכַת־מַ֖יִם מִ֣ימֵי הִ֑יא וְהֵ֣מָּה נָסִ֔ים עִמְד֥וּ עֲמֹ֖דוּ וְאֵ֥ין מַפְנֶֽה׃ |
Now Nineveh has been like a pool of water Since the days of its existence, But they flee. They will say, ‘Make a stand, make a stand!’ But there will be none turning back. |
turning back: or, turning (them) back. This verb can be intransitive in hiphil. |
| Nah 2:10 Nah 2:9AV |
בֹּ֥זּוּ כֶ֖סֶף בֹּ֣זּוּ זָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַתְּכוּנָ֔ה כָּבֹ֕ד מִכֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃ |
‘Take silver as spoil; Take gold as spoil’, And there is no end to the store, And abundance of every precious object. |
precious ← desirable. |
| Nah 2:11 Nah 2:10AV |
בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל־מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃ |
It will be empty and emptied And laid waste, And its heart will melt, And its knees will totter, And it will be in trepidation in all its loins, And all their faces will lose their shine. |
will totter ← (will be) a tottering.
lose their shine: AV differs somewhat (gather darkness). |
| Nah 2:12 Nah 2:11AV |
אַיֵּה֙ מְע֣וֹן אֲרָי֔וֹת וּמִרְעֶ֥ה ה֖וּא לַכְּפִרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַךְ֩ אַרְיֵ֨ה לָבִ֥יא שָׁ֛ם גּ֥וּר אַרְיֵ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ |
Where is the den of the lions, And the feeding ground of the young lions? Where the lion goes, The great lion is there, And the lion's whelp, And there is nothing to make them afraid. |
to make them afraid ← making afraid. |
| Nah 2:13 Nah 2:12AV |
אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא־טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה׃ |
The lion tears in pieces enough for his whelps, And crushes for his lionesses, And fills his lairs with prey, And his den with what has been preyed on. |
crushes ← strangles. |
| Nah 2:14 Nah 2:13AV |
הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֗יִךְ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֤י בֶֽעָשָׁן֙ רִכְבָּ֔הּ וּכְפִירַ֖יִךְ תֹּ֣אכַל חָ֑רֶב וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י מֵאֶ֙רֶץ֙ טַרְפֵּ֔ךְ וְלֹֽא־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע ע֖וֹד ק֥וֹל מַלְאָכֵֽכֵה׃ ס |
Look, I am against you, Says the Lord of hosts, And I will set its chariots on fire with smoke, And the sword will devour your lion cubs, And I will cut your prey off from the land, And the voice of your messengers will no longer be heard. |
|
| Nah 3:1 | ה֖וֹי עִ֣יר דָּמִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֗הּ כַּ֤חַשׁ פֶּ֙רֶק֙ מְלֵאָ֔ה לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ טָֽרֶף׃ |
Alas for the City of Blood; All of it is full of deceit and violence. The predation does not stop. |
the predation does not stop: AV differs somewhat (the prey departeth not). |
| Nah 3:2 | ק֣וֹל שׁ֔וֹט וְק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ אוֹפָ֑ן וְס֣וּס דֹּהֵ֔ר וּמֶרְכָּבָ֖ה מְרַקֵּדָֽה׃ |
There will be the sound of the whip, And the sound of the rattling of a wheel, And of a prancing horse And a jolting chariot. |
|
| Nah 3:3 | פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה *יכשלו **וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃ |
The horseman raises both a glaring sword and a glittering spear, And there are many casualties, And an abundance of corpses, And there is no end to dead bodies; {K: They stumble} [Q: And they stumble] on their dead bodies. |
they stumble: the ketiv could be niphal. No change in meaning.
abundance ← weight. |
| Nah 3:4 | מֵרֹב֙ זְנוּנֵ֣י זוֹנָ֔ה ט֥וֹבַת חֵ֖ן בַּעֲלַ֣ת כְּשָׁפִ֑ים הַמֹּכֶ֤רֶת גּוֹיִם֙ בִּזְנוּנֶ֔יהָ וּמִשְׁפָּח֖וֹת בִּכְשָׁפֶֽיהָ׃ |
Because of the great extent of prostitution by the prostitute, And because the mistress of sorceries is in good favour, Who sells nations through her prostitution, And families through her sorceries, |
|
| Nah 3:5 | הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֗יִךְ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְגִלֵּיתִ֥י שׁוּלַ֖יִךְ עַל־פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְהַרְאֵיתִ֤י גוֹיִם֙ מַעְרֵ֔ךְ וּמַמְלָכ֖וֹת קְלוֹנֵֽךְ׃ |
Behold, I am against you, Says the Lord of hosts, And I will uncover your skirt in front of you, And I will show nations your nakedness, And kingdoms your shame. |
|
| Nah 3:6 | וְהִשְׁלַכְתִּ֥י עָלַ֛יִךְ שִׁקֻּצִ֖ים וְנִבַּלְתִּ֑יךְ וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךְ כְּרֹֽאִי׃ |
And I will cast abominations on you, And I will despise you, And I will make a spectacle of you. |
|
| Nah 3:7 | וְהָיָ֤ה כָל־רֹאַ֙יִךְ֙ יִדּ֣וֹד מִמֵּ֔ךְ וְאָמַר֙ שָׁדְּדָ֣ה נִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑הּ מֵאַ֛יִן אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ מְנַחֲמִ֖ים לָֽךְ׃ |
And it will come to pass That all who see you Will flee from you And will say, ‘Nineveh has been laid waste; Who will console her?’ From where can I seek comforters for you? |
|
| Nah 3:8 | הֲתֵֽיטְבִי֙ מִנֹּ֣א אָמ֔וֹן הַיֹּֽשְׁבָה֙ בַּיְאֹרִ֔ים מַ֖יִם סָבִ֣יב לָ֑הּ אֲשֶׁר־חֵ֣יל יָ֔ם מִיָּ֖ם חוֹמָתָֽהּ׃ |
Are you better than No-Amon, Which is situated among the rivers, With water round about it, Whose fortification is the sea, And whose wall consists of the sea? |
No-Amon: i.e. Thebes, in upper Egypt, [LHG], [CB]. AV differs (populous No).
rivers: the Nile and its canals etc. Compare Ezek 31:4. |
| Nah 3:9 | כּ֥וּשׁ עָצְמָ֛ה וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֵ֣ין קֵ֑צֶה פּ֣וּט וְלוּבִ֔ים הָי֖וּ בְּעֶזְרָתֵֽךְ׃ |
Ethiopia is your strength, As is Egypt, To which there is no end. Put and Libya were among your allies. |
your strength: AV differs, re-pointing with a mappiq (her strength). |
| Nah 3:10 | גַּם־הִ֗יא לַגֹּלָה֙ הָלְכָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔בִי גַּ֧ם עֹלָלֶ֛יהָ יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כָּל־חוּצ֑וֹת וְעַל־נִכְבַּדֶּ֙יהָ֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל וְכָל־גְּדוֹלֶ֖יהָ רֻתְּק֥וּ בַזִּקִּֽים׃ |
It will duly go into exile, Into captivity, And its children will be dashed to the ground at the head of all open spaces. And they will cast lots for its honoured men, And all its pre-eminent men will be bound in fetters. |
duly ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Nah 3:11 | גַּם־אַ֣תְּ תִּשְׁכְּרִ֔י תְּהִ֖י נַֽעֲלָמָ֑ה גַּם־אַ֛תְּ תְּבַקְשִׁ֥י מָע֖וֹז מֵאוֹיֵֽב׃ |
You too will become drunk, You will be hidden; You too will seek a stronghold Away from your enemy. |
|
| Nah 3:12 | כָּ֨ל־מִבְצָרַ֔יִךְ תְּאֵנִ֖ים עִם־בִּכּוּרִ֑ים אִם־יִנּ֕וֹעוּ וְנָפְל֖וּ עַל־פִּ֥י אוֹכֵֽל׃ |
All your fortifications will be like fig trees with firstfruits. If they are shaken, They fall to the mouth of the eater. |
|
| Nah 3:13 | הִנֵּ֨ה עַמֵּ֤ךְ נָשִׁים֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ פָּת֥וֹחַ נִפְתְּח֖וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י אַרְצֵ֑ךְ אָכְלָ֥ה אֵ֖שׁ בְּרִיחָֽיִך׃ |
Look, your people are women in your midst. The gates of your land are completely open to your enemies; Fire will consume your bars. |
are completely open: infinitive absolute. |
| Nah 3:14 | מֵ֤י מָצוֹר֙ שַֽׁאֲבִי־לָ֔ךְ חַזְּקִ֖י מִבְצָרָ֑יִךְ בֹּ֧אִי בַטִּ֛יט וְרִמְסִ֥י בַחֹ֖מֶר הַחֲזִ֥יקִי מַלְבֵּֽן׃ |
Draw water for yourself ready for a siege, Strengthen your fortifications, Go to the mud, And tread on the clay; Renovate the brick-kiln. |
|
| Nah 3:15 | שָׁ֚ם תֹּאכְלֵ֣ךְ אֵ֔שׁ תַּכְרִיתֵ֣ךְ חֶ֔רֶב תֹּאכְלֵ֖ךְ כַּיָּ֑לֶק הִתְכַּבֵּ֣ד כַּיֶּ֔לֶק הִֽתְכַּבְּדִ֖י כָּאַרְבֶּֽה׃ |
There, fire will consume you, The sword will cut you off; It will consume you like the devouring locust. Abound like the devouring locust, Abound like the swarming locust! |
|
| Nah 3:16 | הִרְבֵּית֙ רֹֽכְלַ֔יִךְ מִכּוֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יֶ֥לֶק פָּשַׁ֖ט וַיָּעֹֽף׃ |
You have increased your number of merchants More than the stars of heaven. The devouring locust will strip you And fly off. |
|
| Nah 3:17 | מִנְּזָרַ֙יִךְ֙ כָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְטַפְסְרַ֖יִךְ כְּג֣וֹב גֹּבָ֑י הַֽחוֹנִ֤ים בַּגְּדֵרוֹת֙ בְּי֣וֹם קָרָ֔ה שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה֙ וְנוֹדַ֔ד וְלֹֽא־נוֹדַ֥ע מְקוֹמ֖וֹ אַיָּֽם׃ |
Your princes are like swarming locusts, And your generals are like teeming locusts, Which settle in walled places, On a cold day, But when the sun rises, They flee, And the place where they are is not known. |
cold day ← day of cold, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Nah 3:18 | נָמ֤וּ רֹעֶ֙יךָ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ אַדִּירֶ֑יךָ נָפֹ֧שׁוּ עַמְּךָ֛ עַל־הֶהָרִ֖ים וְאֵ֥ין מְקַבֵּֽץ׃ |
Your shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria; Your dignitaries are at rest. Your people have been scattered to the mountains, And there is no-one to gather them. |
to gather ← gathering. |
| Nah 3:19 | אֵין־כֵּהָ֣ה לְשִׁבְרֶ֔ךָ נַחְלָ֖ה מַכָּתֶ֑ךָ כֹּ֣ל ׀ שֹׁמְעֵ֣י שִׁמְעֲךָ֗ תָּ֤קְעוּ כַף֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֗י עַל־מִ֛י לֹֽא־עָבְרָ֥ה רָעָתְךָ֖ תָּמִֽיד׃ |
There is no alleviation of your break-up; The blow on you is grievous. All who hear a report about you Clap their hands over you, For over whom has your wickedness not passed continually?” |
|
| Hab 1:1 | הַמַּשָׂא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה חֲבַקּ֖וּק הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | The burden which Habakkuk the prophet saw. | burden: i.e. burden of prophecy, a solemn prophetic declaration, as in Isa 13:1. |
| Hab 1:2 | עַד־אָ֧נָה יְהוָ֛ה שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמָ֑ע אֶזְעַ֥ק אֵלֶ֛יךָ חָמָ֖ס וְלֹ֥א תוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
How long, O Lord, will I cry out, But you won't hear? I shout out to you about violence, But you don't save. |
|
| Hab 1:3 | לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃ |
Why do you show me iniquity, And have me see toil? Oppression and violence are facing me, And there is contention, And strife raises its head. |
have me see: although hiphil, the verb is not normally causative, so typically meaning you see. But it is apparently causative here. |
| Hab 1:4 | עַל־כֵּן֙ תָּפ֣וּג תּוֹרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יֵצֵ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֤י רָשָׁע֙ מַכְתִּ֣יר אֶת־הַצַּדִּ֔יק עַל־כֵּ֛ן יֵצֵ֥א מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מְעֻקָּֽל׃ |
This is how the law is inoperative, And justice never takes place. For the wicked surround the righteous, Which is how a perverted justice takes place. |
takes place (2x) ← goes out.
the wicked ... the righteous: singular, but we take such references as collective usage throughout the chapter. |
| Hab 1:5 | רְא֤וּ בַגּוֹיִם֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטוּ וְהִֽתַּמְּה֖וּ תְּמָ֑הוּ כִּי־פֹ֙עַל֙ פֹּעֵ֣ל בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַאֲמִ֖ינוּ כִּ֥י יְסֻפָּֽר׃ |
“Look among the Gentiles and see, And be amazingly amazed. For there is one carrying out a work in your days Which you will not believe When it is told you. |
Acts 13:41. |
| Hab 1:6 | כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֤י מֵקִים֙ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַגּ֖וֹי הַמַּ֣ר וְהַנִּמְהָ֑ר הַֽהוֹלֵךְ֙ לְמֶרְחֲבֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת מִשְׁכָּנ֥וֹת לֹּא־לֽוֹ׃ |
For I am about to rouse the Chaldeans – The bitter and hasty nation, Who go to the wide outposts of the earth In order to inherit habitable territory Which is not theirs. |
I am about to ← behold me.
habitable territory ← tabernacles; compare Ex 25:9. |
| Hab 1:7 | אָיֹ֥ם וְנוֹרָ֖א ה֑וּא מִמֶּ֕נּוּ מִשְׁפָּט֥וֹ וּשְׂאֵת֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא׃ |
They are terrible and fearful. Their own concept of justice and dignity applies. |
applies ← goes out. |
| Hab 1:8 | וְקַלּ֨וּ מִנְּמֵרִ֜ים סוּסָ֗יו וְחַדּוּ֙ מִזְּאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב וּפָ֖שׁוּ פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יו וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ יָעֻ֕פוּ כְּנֶ֖שֶׁר חָ֥שׁ לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃ |
And their horses are swifter than leopards, And they are more fierce than the wolves of the evening. Their horsemen spread out, And their horsemen come from afar, And they fly like an eagle that hastens to eat. |
horsemen ... horsemen: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Hab 1:9 | כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃ |
They all come for violence; The objective of their mission is to advance, And they gather captives like sand. |
mission ← face, but also used of intention, as in set one's face.
is to advance ← (is) forwards. AV differs (as the east wind). |
| Hab 1:10 | וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל־מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃ |
They also mock kings, And princes are objects of derision to them. They laugh at every fortification; They heap up mounds of ground And capture it. |
ground ← dust. |
| Hab 1:11 | אָ֣ז חָלַ֥ף ר֛וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר וְאָשֵׁ֑ם ז֥וּ כֹח֖וֹ לֵאלֹהֽוֹ׃ |
But then his attitude will change; When he is in transgression, He will realize his guilt – He who attributes this power of his to his god.” |
realize his guilt ← be guilty, which is also possible. AV differs (offend). Perhaps a future reference to Dan 4:27 (Dan 4:30AV) and the verses following. |
| Hab 1:12 | הֲל֧וֹא אַתָּ֣ה מִקֶּ֗דֶם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛י קְדֹשִׁ֖י לֹ֣א נָמ֑וּת יְהוָה֙ לְמִשְׁפָּ֣ט שַׂמְתּ֔וֹ וְצ֖וּר לְהוֹכִ֥יחַ יְסַדְתּֽוֹ׃ |
Are you not of old, O Lord, My God, my holy {P: one} [M: one?] {P: – You who do not die?} [M: We will not die.] O Lord, you have appointed them to judgment, And you, the rock, have destined them to condemnation. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= תָמוּת. AV differs.
them (2x) ← him. condemnation: or rebuke. |
| Hab 1:13 | טְה֤וֹר עֵינַ֙יִם֙ מֵרְא֣וֹת רָ֔ע וְהַבִּ֥יט אֶל־עָמָ֖ל לֹ֣א תוּכָ֑ל לָ֤מָּה תַבִּיט֙ בּֽוֹגְדִ֔ים תַּחֲרִ֕ישׁ בְּבַלַּ֥ע רָשָׁ֖ע צַדִּ֥יק מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
You are too pure of eyes to see evil, And you are not able to look on injustice. Why do you look on traitors and remain silent? – On the wicked man swallowing up someone more righteous than he? |
injustice: the word more commonly means toil. |
| Hab 1:14 | וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם כִּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם כְּרֶ֖מֶשׂ לֹא־מֹשֵׁ֥ל בּֽוֹ׃ |
And you make man like the fish of the sea, Like the reptiles, Which have no ruler over them. |
|
| Hab 1:15 | כֻּלֹּה֙ בְּחַכָּ֣ה הֵֽעֲלָ֔ה יְגֹרֵ֣הוּ בְחֶרְמ֔וֹ וְיַאַסְפֵ֖הוּ בְּמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִשְׂמַ֥ח וְיָגִֽיל׃ |
They lift everyone with a hook, And they drag them away in their net, And they gather them in their dragnet, Which is why they rejoice and exult. |
|
| Hab 1:16 | עַל־כֵּן֙ יְזַבֵּ֣חַ לְחֶרְמ֔וֹ וִֽיקַטֵּ֖ר לְמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י בָהֵ֙מָּה֙ שָׁמֵ֣ן חֶלְק֔וֹ וּמַאֲכָל֖וֹ בְּרִאָֽה׃ |
That is why they sacrifice to their net, And burn incense to their dragnet, For by these things their portion is fat, And their food rich. |
Add to this verse, or so they think. |
| Hab 1:17 | הַ֥עַל כֵּ֖ן יָרִ֣יק חֶרְמ֑וֹ וְתָמִ֛יד לַהֲרֹ֥ג גּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א יַחְמֽוֹל׃ ס |
Will they therefore empty their net? Indeed they will not spare their continual destruction of nations. |
destruction ← killing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Hab 2:1 | עַל־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֣י אֶעֱמֹ֔דָה וְאֶֽתְיַצְּבָ֖ה עַל־מָצ֑וֹר וַאֲצַפֶּ֗ה לִרְאוֹת֙ מַה־יְדַבֶּר־בִּ֔י וּמָ֥ה אָשִׁ֖יב עַל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי׃ |
I will stand at my watch, And position myself at the bulwark, And I will watch to see what he says to me, And how I answer his rebuke of me. |
his rebuke of me ← my rebuke, an objective genitive. |
| Hab 2:2 | וַיַּעֲנֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר כְּת֣וֹב חָז֔וֹן וּבָאֵ֖ר עַל־הַלֻּח֑וֹת לְמַ֥עַן יָר֖וּץ ק֥וֹרֵא בֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord answered me and said, “Write the vision And engrave it on tablets, So that he who reads it May run. |
run: traditionally taken to mean (read) fluently, but [CB], run as the messenger (with the tablets). |
| Hab 2:3 | כִּ֣י ע֤וֹד חָזוֹן֙ לַמּוֹעֵ֔ד וְיָפֵ֥חַ לַקֵּ֖ץ וְלֹ֣א יְכַזֵּ֑ב אִם־יִתְמַהְמָהּ֙ חַכֵּה־ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־בֹ֥א יָבֹ֖א לֹ֥א יְאַחֵֽר׃ |
For there is still a vision for the appointed time, And he will inspire it for the end time, And he will not lie. If it delays, wait for it, For it will certainly come; It will not linger. |
Heb 10:37.
inspire ← breathe out. it will certainly come: infinitive absolute. |
| Hab 2:4 | הִנֵּ֣ה עֻפְּלָ֔ה לֹא־יָשְׁרָ֥ה נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בּ֑וֹ וְצַדִּ֖יק בֶּאֱמוּנָת֥וֹ יִחְיֶֽה׃ |
Behold someone whose mind in him is puffed up; It is not upright, But the just shall live by his faith. |
Rom 1:17, Gal 3:11, Heb 10:38.
mind ← soul. |
| Hab 2:5 | וְאַף֙ כִּֽי־הַיַּ֣יִן בּוֹגֵ֔ד גֶּ֥בֶר יָהִ֖יר וְלֹ֣א יִנְוֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֩ הִרְחִ֨יב כִּשְׁא֜וֹל נַפְשׁ֗וֹ וְה֤וּא כַמָּ֙וֶת֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔ע וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֵלָיו֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ץ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ |
And furthermore, wine deals treacherously, Making a man proud, And not dwelling quietly – One who increases his appetite like the grave, And who, like death, cannot be satisfied, Who gathers to himself all the nations, And collects to himself all the peoples. |
wine deals treacherously: AV differs (because he transgresseth by wine).
appetite ← soul. |
| Hab 2:6 | הֲלוֹא־אֵ֣לֶּה כֻלָּ֗ם עָלָיו֙ מָשָׁ֣ל יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּמְלִיצָ֖ה חִיד֣וֹת ל֑וֹ וְיֹאמַ֗ר ה֚וֹי הַמַּרְבֶּ֣ה לֹּא־ל֔וֹ עַד־מָתַ֕י וּמַכְבִּ֥יד עָלָ֖יו עַבְטִֽיט׃ |
Will not all these utter a proverb against him, So that he is an object of satire and riddles? And say, ‘Woe to him who increases what is not his! How long can he continue to weigh himself down with accumulated debts?’ |
AV differs in several respects. |
| Hab 2:7 | הֲל֣וֹא פֶ֗תַע יָק֙וּמוּ֙ נֹשְׁכֶ֔יךָ וְיִקְצ֖וּ מְזַעְזְעֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ לִמְשִׁסּ֖וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Will not your creditors suddenly rise up, And will not those who agitate you awaken? And you will be a prey to them. |
your creditors ← your biters, an objective genitive. |
| Hab 2:8 | כִּֽי אַתָּ֤ה שַׁלּ֙וֹתָ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים יְשָׁלּ֖וּךָ כָּל־יֶ֣תֶר עַמִּ֑ים מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ פ |
Since you have plundered many nations, The whole remainder of nations will plunder you, Because of the bloodshed of man And the violence in the land, In the town, And among all those inhabiting it. |
|
| Hab 2:9 | ה֗וֹי בֹּצֵ֛עַ בֶּ֥צַע רָ֖ע לְבֵית֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם בַּמָּרוֹם֙ קִנּ֔וֹ לְהִנָּצֵ֖ל מִכַּף־רָֽע׃ |
Woe to him who makes wicked unjust gain for his household, To place his nest on high, In order to be delivered from an evil hand. |
makes ... unjust gain ← unjustly gains ... unjust gain.
evil hand ← hand of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Hab 2:10 | יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים וְחוֹטֵ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
You have counselled a shameful course of action to your house – The cutting off of many nations, So sinning against yourself. |
yourself ← your soul. |
| Hab 2:11 | כִּי־אֶ֖בֶן מִקִּ֣יר תִּזְעָ֑ק וְכָפִ֖יס מֵעֵ֥ץ יַעֲנֶֽנָּה׃ פ |
For a stone will cry out from the wall, And a rafter of wood will answer it. |
|
| Hab 2:12 | ה֛וֹי בֹּנֶ֥ה עִ֖יר בְּדָמִ֑ים וְכוֹנֵ֥ן קִרְיָ֖ה בְּעַוְלָֽה׃ |
Woe to him who builds a wall by bloodshed And establishes a town by iniquity. |
|
| Hab 2:13 | הֲל֣וֹא הִנֵּ֔ה מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְיִֽיגְע֤וּ עַמִּים֙ בְּדֵי־אֵ֔שׁ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים בְּדֵי־רִ֥יק יִעָֽפוּ׃ |
Look, is it not of the Lord of hosts That the nations tire themselves for things that are fit for fire, And the various peoples weary themselves for things that are vain. |
things that are fit for fire: AV differs (in the fire). |
| Hab 2:14 | כִּ֚י תִּמָּלֵ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֑ה כַּמַּ֖יִם יְכַסּ֥וּ עַל־יָֽם׃ ס |
For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord, As the waters cover the sea. |
|| Isa 11:9.
with the knowledge of ← to know. |
| Hab 2:15 | ה֚וֹי מַשְׁקֵ֣ה רֵעֵ֔הוּ מְסַפֵּ֥חַ חֲמָתְךָ֖ וְאַ֣ף שַׁכֵּ֑ר לְמַ֥עַן הַבִּ֖יט עַל־מְעוֹרֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Woe to him who gives his neighbour drink, You who pour out your wrath, And also make drunk, In order to see their nakedness. |
your wrath: AV differs (thy bottle). |
| Hab 2:16 | שָׂבַ֤עְתָּ קָלוֹן֙ מִכָּב֔וֹד שְׁתֵ֥ה גַם־אַ֖תָּה וְהֵֽעָרֵ֑ל תִּסּ֣וֹב עָלֶ֗יךָ כּ֚וֹס יְמִ֣ין יְהוָ֔ה וְקִיקָל֖וֹן עַל־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
You are saturated with shame rather than glory. You too must drink and show yourself uncircumcised. The cup of the right hand of the Lord will hem you in, And utter ignominy will come over your honour. |
you too must drink: satirical. |
| Hab 2:17 | כִּ֣י חֲמַ֤ס לְבָנוֹן֙ יְכַסֶּ֔ךָּ וְשֹׁ֥ד בְּהֵמ֖וֹת יְחִיתַ֑ן מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ ס |
For the violence of Lebanon will cover you, And the destruction by beasts will terrify them, Because of the bloodshed of man And the violence of the land, In a town and on all its inhabitants. |
destruction by beasts ← destruction of beasts. Wider use of the construct state. Metaphorically extortion by beastly people. |
| Hab 2:18 | מָֽה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ ס |
In what way is a carved image profitable? For the fashioner of it carved it; Or a cast image, or a teacher of falsehood? For the artisan trusts his artefact as benefiting him, And he is occupied making mute idols. |
|
| Hab 2:19 | ה֣וֹי אֹמֵ֤ר לָעֵץ֙ הָקִ֔יצָה ע֖וּרִי לְאֶ֣בֶן דּוּמָ֑ם ה֣וּא יוֹרֶ֔ה הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא תָּפוּשׂ֙ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֔סֶף וְכָל־ר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ |
Woe to him who says to a piece of wood, ‘Awake’, And to mute stone, ‘Arise.’ This is his teacher! Look, it is set in gold and silver, And there isn't any spirit inside it.” |
mute stone ← stone of muteness, a Hebraic genitive.
any ← all. |
| Hab 2:20 | וַֽיהוָ֖ה בְּהֵיכַ֣ל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַ֥ס מִפָּנָ֖יו כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ |
But the Lord is in his holy temple. Be silent in his presence, All the earth. |
his holy temple ← the temple of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Hab 3:1 | תְּפִלָּ֖ה לַחֲבַקּ֣וּק הַנָּבִ֑יא עַ֖ל שִׁגְיֹנֽוֹת׃ | A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet concerning pre-eminence. | pre-eminence: from root שָׁגָהII [Ges-HCL], but not in this sense in [AnLx], [BDB]. AV differs (Shigionoth); [CB]= crying aloud, from root שָׁאַג. Meaning not certain. |
| Hab 3:2 | יְהוָ֗ה שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי שִׁמְעֲךָ֮ יָרֵאתִי֒ יְהוָ֗ה פָּֽעָלְךָ֙ בְּקֶ֤רֶב שָׁנִים֙ חַיֵּ֔יהוּ בְּקֶ֥רֶב שָׁנִ֖ים תּוֹדִ֑יעַ בְּרֹ֖גֶז רַחֵ֥ם תִּזְכּֽוֹר׃ |
Lord, I have heard your report; I have feared, O Lord, your work. Revive it in the course of years – In the course of years make it known. In raging, Remember to be merciful. |
course (2x) ← midst. |
| Hab 3:3 | אֱל֙וֹהַ֙ מִתֵּימָ֣ן יָב֔וֹא וְקָד֥וֹשׁ מֵֽהַר־פָּארָ֖ן סֶ֑לָה כִּסָּ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ הוֹד֔וֹ וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
May God come from Teman, And the holy one from Mount Paran. Selah. His glory covers the heavens, And his praise fills the earth. |
The verbs here and following could be taken in other tenses than ours.
Selah: [AnLx] and [BDB] prefer raise (the voice); [Ges-HCL] prefers rest, silence. [AnLx] and [Ges-HCL] also offer the alternative. |
| Hab 3:4 | וְנֹ֙גַהּ֙ כָּא֣וֹר תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה קַרְנַ֥יִם מִיָּד֖וֹ ל֑וֹ וְשָׁ֖ם חֶבְי֥וֹן עֻזֹּֽה׃ |
And his splendour is as a light; He has beams of light emanating from his hand, Where his power is concealed. |
concealed ← concealment. |
| Hab 3:5 | לְפָנָ֖יו יֵ֣לֶךְ דָּ֑בֶר וְיֵצֵ֥א רֶ֖שֶׁף לְרַגְלָֽיו׃ |
Pestilence goes before him, And lightning emanates at his feet. |
|
| Hab 3:6 | עָמַ֣ד ׀ וַיְמֹ֣דֶד אֶ֗רֶץ רָאָה֙ וַיַּתֵּ֣ר גּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּתְפֹּֽצְצוּ֙ הַרְרֵי־עַ֔ד שַׁח֖וּ גִּבְע֣וֹת עוֹלָ֑ם הֲלִיכ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם לֽוֹ׃ |
He stood and measured out the earth; He looked and shook up the nations, And the perpetual mountains were scattered, And age-abiding hills were brought low. His ways are age-abiding. |
shook up ← loosened. |
| Hab 3:7 | תַּ֣חַת אָ֔וֶן רָאִ֖יתִי אָהֳלֵ֣י כוּשָׁ֑ן יִרְגְּז֕וּן יְרִיע֖וֹת אֶ֥רֶץ מִדְיָֽן׃ ס |
I saw the tents of Cushan in adversity, And the awnings of the land of Midian shake. |
|
| Hab 3:8 | הֲבִנְהָרִים֙ חָרָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אִ֤ם בַּנְּהָרִים֙ אַפֶּ֔ךָ אִם־בַּיָּ֖ם עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י תִרְכַּב֙ עַל־סוּסֶ֔יךָ מַרְכְּבֹתֶ֖יךָ יְשׁוּעָֽה׃ |
Was the Lord furious with the rivers? Or was your anger with the rivers? Or was your wrath with the sea? For you will ride on your horses, Drawing your chariots of salvation. |
rivers ... rivers: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. English could use rivers ... waterways. |
| Hab 3:9 | עֶרְיָ֤ה תֵעוֹר֙ קַשְׁתֶּ֔ךָ שְׁבֻע֥וֹת מַטּ֖וֹת אֹ֣מֶר סֶ֑לָה נְהָר֖וֹת תְּבַקַּע־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Your bow will be made completely bare, According to the oaths made to the tribes – Your declaration to them. Selah. You divide the earth with rivers. |
will be made completely bare ← will be bared bare. Perhaps because all arrows (i.e. judgments) will be used up, rather than just the unsheathing. |
| Hab 3:10 | רָא֤וּךָ יָחִ֙ילוּ֙ הָרִ֔ים זֶ֥רֶם מַ֖יִם עָבָ֑ר נָתַ֤ן תְּהוֹם֙ קוֹל֔וֹ ר֖וֹם יָדֵ֥יהוּ נָשָֽׂא׃ |
The mountains saw you, And they writhed. A watery downpour brought overflow, The deep sounded its voice; It lifted its hands up high. |
watery downpour ← downpour of water, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Hab 3:11 | שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ יָרֵ֖חַ עָ֣מַד זְבֻ֑לָה לְא֤וֹר חִצֶּ֙יךָ֙ יְהַלֵּ֔כוּ לְנֹ֖גַהּ בְּרַ֥ק חֲנִיתֶֽךָ׃ |
The sun and moon stood still in their residence; At the light of your arrows they proceed – At the brightness of the glittering of your spear. |
|
| Hab 3:12 | בְּזַ֖עַם תִּצְעַד־אָ֑רֶץ בְּאַ֖ף תָּד֥וּשׁ גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
In indignation you step through the earth; In anger you tread on nations. |
|
| Hab 3:13 | יָצָ֙אתָ֙ לְיֵ֣שַׁע עַמֶּ֔ךָ לְיֵ֖שַׁע אֶת־מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ מָחַ֤צְתָּ רֹּאשׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית רָשָׁ֔ע עָר֛וֹת יְס֥וֹד עַד־צַוָּ֖אר סֶֽלָה׃ פ |
You have gone out for the salvation of your people, For the salvation of your anointed nation; You have shattered the head in the house of the wicked In making it bare from the foundation to the neck. Selah. |
of your anointed nation: or of your messiah, or with your messiah.
in making it bare: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Hab 3:14 | נָקַ֤בְתָּ בְמַטָּיו֙ רֹ֣אשׁ *פרזו **פְּרָזָ֔יו יִסְעֲר֖וּ לַהֲפִיצֵ֑נִי עֲלִ֣יצֻתָ֔ם כְּמוֹ־לֶאֱכֹ֥ל עָנִ֖י בַּמִּסְתָּֽר׃ |
You have bored through the head of their {K: ruler} [Q: rulers] with his sceptres. They rage like a storm in order to scatter me; Their exultation is as if to consume the poor in secret. |
ruler (ketiv) ... rulers (qeré): AV differs (villages). |
| Hab 3:15 | דָּרַ֥כְתָּ בַיָּ֖ם סוּסֶ֑יךָ חֹ֖מֶר מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
You made your way through the sea with your horses, Through great foaming water. |
|
| Hab 3:16 | שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי ׀ וַתִּרְגַּ֣ז בִּטְנִ֗י לְקוֹל֙ צָלֲל֣וּ שְׂפָתַ֔י יָב֥וֹא רָקָ֛ב בַּעֲצָמַ֖י וְתַחְתַּ֣י אֶרְגָּ֑ז אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנ֙וּחַ֙ לְי֣וֹם צָרָ֔ה לַעֲל֖וֹת לְעַ֥ם יְגוּדֶֽנּוּ׃ |
I heard it, And my stomach trembled; At the sound, my lips quivered. A loathsome feeling comes on my bones, And I shake on the spot, Wishing that I may rest on the day of adversity. At the advance towards the people, He will attack them. |
loathsome ← rotten.
on the spot ← under me. advance ← coming up. |
| Hab 3:17 | כִּֽי־תְאֵנָ֣ה לֹֽא־תִפְרָ֗ח וְאֵ֤ין יְבוּל֙ בַּגְּפָנִ֔ים כִּחֵשׁ֙ מַעֲשֵׂה־זַ֔יִת וּשְׁדֵמ֖וֹת לֹא־עָ֣שָׂה אֹ֑כֶל גָּזַ֤ר מִמִּכְלָה֙ צֹ֔אן וְאֵ֥ין בָּקָ֖ר בָּרְפָתִֽים׃ |
For a fig tree will not blossom, And there will be no produce on the vines, And the crop of the olive tree will fail, And the cornfields will not yield food, And the sheep will be cut off from the fold, And there will be no cattle in the stalls. |
cornfields: or blighted corn. |
| Hab 3:18 | וַאֲנִ֖י בַּיהוָ֣ה אֶעְל֑וֹזָה אָגִ֖ילָה בֵּאלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ |
But I will exult in the Lord; I will rejoice in the God of my salvation. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Hab 3:19 | יְהוִ֤הּ אֲדֹנָי֙ חֵילִ֔י וַיָּ֤שֶׂם רַגְלַי֙ כָּֽאַיָּל֔וֹת וְעַ֥ל בָּמוֹתַ֖י יַדְרִכֵ֑נִי לַמְנַצֵּ֖חַ בִּנְגִינוֹתָֽי׃ |
The Lord my Lord is my strength, And he makes my feet like those of the deer, And he makes me walk on my raised sites. To the choirmaster, For accompaniment by my stringed instruments. |
the Lord my Lord: usually in the opposite order.
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Zeph 1:1 | דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה֙ בֶּן־כּוּשִׁ֣י בֶן־גְּדַלְיָ֔ה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּ֑ה בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | The word of the Lord which came to Zephaniah, the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah, the son of Amon, the king of Judah. |
came ← became.
Hezekiah: MT and AV here = Hizkiah, but this is the same name as for King Hezekiah (2 Ki 16:20), and we show the equivalence to the traditional English name. Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Zeph 1:2 | אָסֹ֨ף אָסֵ֜ף כֹּ֗ל מֵעַ֛ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
“I will certainly gather everything up From the face of the earth, Says the Lord. |
I will certainly gather everything up: from אָסַף, gather, and סוּף end, evidently perceived as cognate. The former is an infinitive absolute.
earth ← ground. |
| Zeph 1:3 | אָסֵ֨ף אָדָ֜ם וּבְהֵמָ֗ה אָסֵ֤ף עוֹף־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהַמַּכְשֵׁל֖וֹת אֶת־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם מֵעַ֛ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ |
I will gather up man and cattle; I will gather up the birds of the sky And the fish of the sea, And the causes of offence – The wicked. So I will cut off man from the face of the earth, Says the Lord. |
earth ← ground. |
| Zeph 1:4 | וְנָטִ֤יתִי יָדִי֙ עַל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַ֖ל כָּל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֞י מִן־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־שְׁאָ֣ר הַבַּ֔עַל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם הַכְּמָרִ֖ים עִם־הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ |
And I will stretch my hand out over Judah, And over all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, And I will cut off the residue of Baal from this place – The name of the idolatrous priests, With the apostate Levitical priests, |
|
| Zeph 1:5 | וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥ים עַל־הַגַּגּ֖וֹת לִצְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃ |
And the worshippers of the host of heaven on the rooftops, And the worshippers who swear to the Lord, And those swearing by Malcam, |
Malcam: AV= Malcham, but we show the hard kaph (and closed syllable), as AV sometimes does with names elsewhere. The consonantal spelling is as in Milcom (1 Ki 11:5, 1 Ki 11:33, 2 Ki 23:13). |
| Zeph 1:6 | וְאֶת־הַנְּסוֹגִ֖ים מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א דְרָשֻֽׁהוּ׃ |
And those who apostatize from the Lord And those who have not sought the Lord And have not inquired of him. |
from ← from after. |
| Zeph 1:7 | הַ֕ס מִפְּנֵ֖י אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־הֵכִ֧ין יְהוָ֛ה זֶ֖בַח הִקְדִּ֥ישׁ קְרֻאָֽיו׃ |
Be silent before the Lord, the Lord, For the day of the Lord is near, For the Lord has prepared a sacrifice; He has sanctified those he has invited. |
Rev 1:10. |
| Zeph 1:8 | וְהָיָ֗ה בְּיוֹם֙ זֶ֣בַח יְהוָ֔ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עַל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְעַל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הַלֹּבְשִׁ֖ים מַלְבּ֥וּשׁ נָכְרִֽי׃ |
And it will come to pass on the day of the Lord's sacrifice That I will visit the officials, And the sons of the king, And all those who are clothed in foreign clothing. |
visit: i.e., here, punish. |
| Zeph 1:9 | וּפָקַדְתִּ֗י עַ֧ל כָּל־הַדּוֹלֵ֛ג עַל־הַמִּפְתָּ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא הַֽמְמַלְאִ֛ים בֵּ֥ית אֲדֹנֵיהֶ֖ם חָמָ֥ס וּמִרְמָֽה׃ ס |
And I will visit all those who leap over the threshold, On that day, Who fill their masters' houses with violence and deceit. |
those who leap over the threshold ← him who leaps over the threshold, i.e. breaks in. |
| Zeph 1:10 | וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה ק֤וֹל צְעָקָה֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר הַדָּגִ֔ים וִֽילָלָ֖ה מִן־הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל מֵהַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃ |
And on that day, Says the Lord, There will be the sound of crying out from the Fish Gate, And howling from the Second Gate, And a great crash from the hills. |
|
| Zeph 1:11 | הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הַמַּכְתֵּ֑שׁ כִּ֤י נִדְמָה֙ כָּל־עַ֣ם כְּנַ֔עַן נִכְרְת֖וּ כָּל־נְטִ֥ילֵי כָֽסֶף׃ |
Howl, you inhabitants of Maktesh, For all the merchant people have been silenced, And all those who are laden with silver have been cut off. |
|
| Zeph 1:12 | וְהָיָה֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא אֲחַפֵּ֥שׂ אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּנֵּר֑וֹת וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַקֹּֽפְאִים֙ עַל־שִׁמְרֵיהֶ֔ם הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם לֹֽא־יֵיטִ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יָרֵֽעַ׃ |
And it will come to pass at that time That I will seek Jerusalem with lamps, And I will visit the men Who rest coolly indifferent on their oars, Who say in their heart, ‘The Lord will not do good or bad.’ |
visit: see Zeph 1:8.
rest coolly indifferent on their oars ← congeal on their lees, but we use the common English idiom. A similar idiom is rest on their laurels. The expression settle on their lees is from the AV and is not in common use. |
| Zeph 1:13 | וְהָיָ֤ה חֵילָם֙ לִמְשִׁסָּ֔ה וּבָתֵּיהֶ֖ם לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה וּבָנ֤וּ בָתִּים֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁתּ֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָֽם׃ |
And their wealth will become a prey, And their houses a desolation. And they will build houses, But not inhabit them, And plant vineyards, But not drink their wine. |
|
| Zeph 1:14 | קָר֤וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל קָר֖וֹב וּמַהֵ֣ר מְאֹ֑ד ק֚וֹל י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבּֽוֹר׃ |
The great day of the Lord is near, It is near, And it is very hasty. At the sound of the day of the Lord, The warrior will shout out there bitterly. |
Rev 1:10. |
| Zeph 1:15 | י֥וֹם עֶבְרָ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא י֧וֹם צָרָ֣ה וּמְצוּקָ֗ה י֤וֹם שֹׁאָה֙ וּמְשׁוֹאָ֔ה י֥וֹם חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וַאֲפֵלָ֔ה י֥וֹם עָנָ֖ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃ |
That day is a day of wrath, A day of distress and anguish, A day of annihilation and obliteration, A day of darkness and obscurity, A day of cloud and gloom, |
|
| Zeph 1:16 | י֥וֹם שׁוֹפָ֖ר וּתְרוּעָ֑ה עַ֚ל הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וְעַ֖ל הַפִּנּ֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃ |
A day of the ramshorn and alarm, At the fortified cities, And at the high corner towers. |
|
| Zeph 1:17 | וַהֲצֵרֹ֣תִי לָאָדָ֗ם וְהָֽלְכוּ֙ כַּֽעִוְרִ֔ים כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָ֑אוּ וְשֻׁפַּ֤ךְ דָּמָם֙ כֶּֽעָפָ֔ר וּלְחֻמָ֖ם כַּגְּלָלִֽים׃ |
And I will oppress man, And they will walk as the blind, For they have sinned against the Lord, And their blood will be poured out like dust, And their flesh like dung. |
flesh: or bowels [BDB], but not [AnLx], [ST], [Ges-HCL]. |
| Zeph 1:18 | גַּם־כַּסְפָּ֨ם גַּם־זְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ עֶבְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וּבְאֵשׁ֙ קִנְאָת֔וֹ תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־כָלָ֤ה אַךְ־נִבְהָלָה֙ יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֵ֥ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס |
Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to save them, On the day of the Lord's wrath, And all the earth will be consumed in his jealous fire, For he will make an end – A most terrifying one – Of all the inhabitants of the earth. |
their silver nor their gold (etc.): compare Ezek 7:19.
his jealous fire ← the fire of his jealousy, a Hebraic genitive. of all the inhabitants ← with all the inhabitants. |
| Zeph 2:1 | הִֽתְקוֹשְׁשׁ֖וּ וָק֑וֹשּׁוּ הַגּ֖וֹי לֹ֥א נִכְסָֽף׃ |
Assemble yourselves, and gather, O undesirable nation. |
|
| Zeph 2:2 | בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ לֶ֣דֶת חֹ֔ק כְּמֹ֖ץ עָ֣בַר י֑וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם ׀ לֹא־יָב֣וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם חֲרוֹן֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ לֹא־יָב֣וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם י֖וֹם אַף־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Before the issuing of the statute, The days will pass like chaff, Until the day of the fury of the Lord's anger comes on you, Until the day of the Lord's anger comes on you. |
issuing of ← giving birth to.
days ← day. |
| Zeph 2:3 | בַּקְּשׁ֤וּ אֶת־יְהוָה֙ כָּל־עַנְוֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִשְׁפָּט֖וֹ פָּעָ֑לוּ בַּקְּשׁוּ־צֶ֙דֶק֙ בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ עֲנָוָ֔ה אוּלַי֙ תִּסָּ֣תְר֔וּ בְּי֖וֹם אַף־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Seek the Lord, all you meek of the earth, Who have acted in accordance with his justice. Seek righteousness, Seek meekness; Perhaps you will be hidden On the day of the Lord's anger. |
|
| Zeph 2:4 | כִּ֤י עַזָּה֙ עֲזוּבָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה אַשְׁדּ֗וֹד בַּֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּהָ וְעֶקְר֖וֹן תֵּעָקֵֽר׃ ס |
For Gaza will be forsaken, And Ashkelon will be a desolation. They will drive out Ashdod at midday, And Ekron will be eradicated. |
|
| Zeph 2:5 | ה֗וֹי יֹֽשְׁבֵ֛י חֶ֥בֶל הַיָּ֖ם גּ֣וֹי כְּרֵתִ֑ים דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם כְּנַ֙עַן֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךְ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
Woe to the inhabitants of the tract by the sea – The nation of Cherethites! The word of the Lord is against you, Canaan, Land of the Philistines, And I will destroy you Without leaving an inhabitant. |
|
| Zeph 2:6 | וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה חֶ֣בֶל הַיָּ֗ם נְוֺ֛ת כְּרֹ֥ת רֹעִ֖ים וְגִדְר֥וֹת צֹֽאן׃ |
And the tract by the sea will be dwelling places, And wells, for shepherds, And walled folds for sheep. |
wells: not the usual word. AV differs (cottages); [CB]= pens. The root meaning is to dig. |
| Zeph 2:7 | וְהָ֣יָה חֶ֗בֶל לִשְׁאֵרִ֛ית בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יִרְע֑וּן בְּבָתֵּ֣י אַשְׁקְל֗וֹן בָּעֶ֙רֶב֙ יִרְבָּצ֔וּן כִּ֧י יִפְקְדֵ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וְשָׁ֥ב *שבותם **שְׁבִיתָֽם׃ |
And the tract will be for the remnant of the house of Judah. They will feed on it; They will lie down in the houses of Ashkelon in the evening, For the Lord their God will visit them And reverse their captivity. |
their captivity: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue.
feed on it ← feed on them. |
| Zeph 2:8 | שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ |
I have heard the reproach of Moab, And the vilifications of the sons of Ammon, Who reproach my people, And who make themselves great on their territory. |
reproach of Moab: a subjective genitive (Moab reproaches), as is seen from the rest of the verse.
on: AV differs (against). territory ← border. |
| Zeph 2:9 | לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר *גוי **גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃ |
Therefore, as I live, Says the Lord of hosts – The God of Israel – Moab will be like Sodom, And the sons of Ammon like Gomorrah: A domain of nettles and a pit of salt, And an age-abiding desolation. The remnant of my people will take them as spoil, And the remainder of my nation will inherit them. |
my nation: the ketiv could be regarded a variant form of the qeré.
Moab: preceded by the conjunction כִּי, which we take as merely affirming the direct speech, as is sometimes the case with ὅτι in the New Testament, e.g. Mark 7:20. |
| Zeph 2:10 | זֹ֥את לָהֶ֖ם תַּ֣חַת גְּאוֹנָ֑ם כִּ֤י חֵֽרְפוּ֙ וַיַּגְדִּ֔לוּ עַל־עַ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ |
This is what they will have in place of their pride, For they reproached and acted proudly Against the people of the Lord of hosts. |
|
| Zeph 2:11 | נוֹרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י רָזָ֔ה אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ כֹּ֖ל אִיֵּ֥י הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
The Lord will be terrible to them, For he will cause all the gods of the land to waste away. And they will worship him, Each man in his place, Over all the coastlands of the Gentiles. |
|
| Zeph 2:12 | גַּם־אַתֶּ֣ם כּוּשִׁ֔ים חַֽלְלֵ֥י חַרְבִּ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃ |
You Ethiopians too, They are those to be struck by my sword. |
|
| Zeph 2:13 | וְיֵ֤ט יָדוֹ֙ עַל־צָפ֔וֹן וִֽיאַבֵּ֖ד אֶת־אַשּׁ֑וּר וְיָשֵׂ֤ם אֶת־נִֽינְוֵה֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה צִיָּ֖ה כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
He will stretch his hand out to the north And will destroy Assyria, And he will make Nineveh a desolation – A dry land like the desert. |
|
| Zeph 2:14 | וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־ג֔וֹי גַּם־קָאַת֙ גַּם־קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃ |
And the flocks will lie in its midst – All the Gentiles' animals. Also the pelican and the hedgehog will lodge in the capitals of the fallen columns, And there will be the sound of a bird singing from the window. There will be desolation at the threshold, For he will expose the cedar panelling. |
|
| Zeph 2:15 | זֹ֠את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃ ס |
This is the joyful city, Dwelling in supposed security, Saying in its heart, ‘I am and there is none besides me.’ How it has become a desolation – A place for animals to lie down in. Everyone passing through it will hiss at it, And wave it aside with the hand. |
Compare the verse with Isa 47:8. |
| Zeph 3:1 | ה֥וֹי מֹרְאָ֖ה וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה הָעִ֖יר הַיּוֹנָֽה׃ |
Woe to the rebellious and polluted and oppressing city. |
city: i.e., [CB], Jerusalem. |
| Zeph 3:2 | לֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בְּק֔וֹל לֹ֥א לָקְחָ֖ה מוּסָ֑ר בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֹ֣א בָטָ֔חָה אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א קָרֵֽבָה׃ |
It did not listen to the voice, It did not accept correction, It did not trust in the Lord; It did not draw near to its God. |
|
| Zeph 3:3 | שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר׃ |
Its officials in its society are roaring lions, Its judges are evening wolves; They leave nothing to gnaw in the morning. |
society ← midst.
they leave nothing to gnaw ← they shall not gnaw. |
| Zeph 3:4 | נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים אַנְשֵׁ֖י בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ חִלְּלוּ־קֹ֔דֶשׁ חָמְס֖וּ תּוֹרָֽה׃ |
Its prophets are acting recklessly; They are treacherous men. Its priests have profaned the holy place; They have done violence to the law. |
recklessly: or proudly. |
| Zeph 3:5 | יְהוָ֤ה צַדִּיק֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַוְלָ֑ה בַּבֹּ֨קֶר בַּבֹּ֜קֶר מִשְׁפָּט֨וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן לָאוֹר֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔ר וְלֹֽא־יוֹדֵ֥עַ עַוָּ֖ל בֹּֽשֶׁת׃ |
But the righteous Lord is in its midst; He does not act iniquitously. Each morning he gives his judgment as a light. It is not lacking. But the unjust knows no shame. |
act iniquitously ← do iniquity.
it is not lacking: AV differs (he faileth not). |
| Zeph 3:6 | הִכְרַ֣תִּי גוֹיִ֗ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֑ר נִצְדּ֧וּ עָרֵיהֶ֛ם מִבְּלִי־אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
I have cut off nations; Their cornerstones have been made desolate. I have laid their streets waste, So that there is no-one passing by. Their cities have been made desolate, So that there is no man – No inhabitant – in them. |
|
| Zeph 3:7 | אָמַ֜רְתִּי אַךְ־תִּירְאִ֤י אוֹתִי֙ תִּקְחִ֣י מוּסָ֔ר וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֣ת מְעוֹנָ֔הּ כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּקַ֖דְתִּי עָלֶ֑יהָ אָכֵן֙ הִשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ הִשְׁחִ֔יתוּ כֹּ֖ל עֲלִילוֹתָֽם׃ |
I said, ‘Surely you will fear me, And take correction, And its dwelling will not be cut off’, Considering every way in which I had visited it. But truly, they rose early And caused ruin in all their works. |
dwelling: standing for Jerusalem's status as a place in which to dwell. |
| Zeph 3:8 | לָכֵ֤ן חַכּוּ־לִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לְי֖וֹם קוּמִ֣י לְעַ֑ד כִּ֣י מִשְׁפָּטִי֩ לֶאֱסֹ֨ף גּוֹיִ֜ם לְקָבְצִ֣י מַמְלָכ֗וֹת לִשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם זַעְמִי֙ כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔י כִּ֚י בְּאֵ֣שׁ קִנְאָתִ֔י תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Therefore wait for me, Says the Lord, Wait for the day of me rising for the raid, For my judgment is to gather nations, For me to collect kingdoms, To pour out over them my indignation – All the fury of my anger. For in the fire of my jealousy All the earth will be consumed. |
This verse contains all twenty-two Hebrew letters, including the five final forms. |
| Zeph 3:9 | כִּֽי־אָ֛ז אֶהְפֹּ֥ךְ אֶל־עַמִּ֖ים שָׂפָ֣ה בְרוּרָ֑ה לִקְרֹ֤א כֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה לְעָבְד֖וֹ שְׁכֶ֥ם אֶחָֽד׃ |
For then I will bring change to the people – A pure lip – That they may all call on the name of the Lord, To serve him standing shoulder to shoulder. |
lip: probably referring to things said, as in Isa 6:5, but perhaps language.
standing shoulder to shoulder ← (as) one shoulder. |
| Zeph 3:10 | מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְנַֽהֲרֵי־כ֑וּשׁ עֲתָרַי֙ בַּת־פוּצַ֔י יוֹבִל֖וּן מִנְחָתִֽי׃ |
Beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, Those who entreat me – She who is in my diaspora – Will bring my offering. |
she ← the daughter, standing for Israel, followed by a plural verb. |
| Zeph 3:11 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא לֹ֤א תֵב֙וֹשִׁי֙ מִכֹּ֣ל עֲלִילֹתַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּשַׁ֖עַתְּ בִּ֑י כִּי־אָ֣ז ׀ אָסִ֣יר מִקִּרְבֵּ֗ךְ עַלִּיזֵי֙ גַּאֲוָתֵ֔ךְ וְלֹֽא־תוֹסִ֧פִי לְגָבְהָ֛ה ע֖וֹד בְּהַ֥ר קָדְשִֽׁי׃ |
On that day, you will not be ashamed of any of your works With which you transgressed against me, For then I will have removed from your midst Those rejoicing in your pride, And you will no longer be haughty on my holy mountain. |
any ← all. |
| Zeph 3:12 | וְהִשְׁאַרְתִּ֣י בְקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ עַ֥ם עָנִ֖י וָדָ֑ל וְחָס֖וּ בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
And I will leave in your midst an afflicted and poor people, And they will trust in the name of the Lord. |
|
| Zeph 3:13 | שְׁאֵרִ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לֹֽא־יַעֲשׂ֤וּ עַוְלָה֙ וְלֹא־יְדַבְּר֣וּ כָזָ֔ב וְלֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֥א בְּפִיהֶ֖ם לְשׁ֣וֹן תַּרְמִ֑ית כִּֽי־הֵ֛מָּה יִרְע֥וּ וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃ ס |
The remnant of Israel will not commit iniquity And will not speak lies, And there will not be found in their mouth a deceitful tongue, For they will pasture and lie down, And there will be no-one to make them afraid. |
Rev 14:5.
a deceitful tongue ← a tongue of deceit, a Hebraic genitive. to make them afraid ← making them afraid. Compare this verse with Lev 26:6, Job 11:19, Isa 17:2, Mic 4:4, Ezek 34:28. |
| Zeph 3:14 | רָנִּי֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הָרִ֖יעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל שִׂמְחִ֤י וְעָלְזִי֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֔ב בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
Sing for joy, O daughter of Zion, Shout aloud, Israel, Be glad and exult with all your heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. |
|
| Zeph 3:15 | הֵסִ֤יר יְהוָה֙ מִשְׁפָּטַ֔יִךְ פִּנָּ֖ה אֹֽיְבֵ֑ךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִֽירְאִ֥י רָ֖ע עֽוֹד׃ |
The Lord has taken away the judgments against you; He has removed your enemy. The king of Israel – the Lord – is in your midst, And you will fear evil no more. |
the judgments against you ← your judgments, an objective genitive.
fear: AV differs (see). The identical word occurs in Zeph 3:16, where AV= fear. |
| Zeph 3:16 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יֵאָמֵ֥ר לִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אַל־תִּירָ֑אִי צִיּ֖וֹן אַל־יִרְפּ֥וּ יָדָֽיִךְ׃ |
On that day, it will be said to Jerusalem, ‘Do not fear’, And to Zion, ‘Don't let your hands droop.’ |
|
| Zeph 3:17 | יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛יִךְ בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ך גִּבּ֣וֹר יוֹשִׁ֑יעַ יָשִׂ֨ישׂ עָלַ֜יִךְ בְּשִׂמְחָ֗ה יַחֲרִישׁ֙ בְּאַ֣הֲבָת֔וֹ יָגִ֥יל עָלַ֖יִךְ בְּרִנָּֽה׃ |
The Lord your God is in your midst, A mighty one who will save. He will rejoice over you with gladness, He will be quiet in his love; He will exult over you with singing. |
|
| Zeph 3:18 | נוּגֵ֧י מִמּוֹעֵ֛ד אָסַ֖פְתִּי מִמֵּ֣ךְ הָי֑וּ מַשְׂאֵ֥ת עָלֶ֖יהָ חֶרְפָּֽה׃ |
I will gather those grieved By the cessation of the festival. They were your inhabitants; The burden upon her was a reproach. |
|
| Zeph 3:19 | הִנְנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־מְעַנַּ֖יִךְ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּ֣י אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָ֗ה וְהַנִּדָּחָה֙ אֲקַבֵּ֔ץ וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לִתְהִלָּ֣ה וּלְשֵׁ֔ם בְּכָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּשְׁתָּֽם׃ |
I will deal with all your oppressors at that time, And I will save her who is limping. I will gather her who has been cast out, And make them a recipient of praise and renown In all the land where their shame was. |
I will ← behold me, with the sense of I am about to, but here with a more future reference. |
| Zeph 3:20 | בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ אָבִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם וּבָעֵ֖ת קַבְּצִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶתְכֶ֜ם לְשֵׁ֣ם וְלִתְהִלָּ֗ה בְּכֹל֙ עַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּשׁוּבִ֧י אֶת־שְׁבוּתֵיכֶ֛ם לְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ |
At that time I will bring you home, At the time when I gather you, For I will give you renown and praise Among all the various peoples of the earth, When I reverse your captivity in front of your eyes, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Hagg 1:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֤ת שְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ לְדָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה בְּיַד־חַגַּ֣י הַנָּבִ֗יא אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל֙ פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָ֛ק הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַגָּד֖וֹל לֵאמֹֽר׃ | In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came through the intermediacy of Haggai the prophet, with a prophecy for Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, the governor of Judah, and for Joshua the son of Jozadak, the high priest, and it said, |
came ← became.
intermediacy ← hand. Jozadak: AV= Josedech, deviating from its normal transliteration of qamets, tsadé and qoph. |
| Hagg 1:2 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א עֶת־בֹּ֛א עֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה לְהִבָּנֽוֹת׃ פ | “This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘This people has said, «The time has not come, the time for the house of the Lord to be built.» ’ ” | this is what ← thus. |
| Hagg 1:3 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּיַד־חַגַּ֥י הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came through the intermediacy of Haggai the prophet and said, |
came ← became.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Hagg 1:4 | הַעֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בְּבָתֵּיכֶ֣ם סְפוּנִ֑ים וְהַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה חָרֵֽב׃ | “Is it the time for you to dwell in your panelled houses, while this house is lying desolate? | for you ← for you, you, emphasizing the contrast in the verse. |
| Hagg 1:5 | וְעַתָּ֕ה כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְכֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם׃ | So now, this is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Consider your ways. | this is what ← thus. |
| Hagg 1:6 | זְרַעְתֶּ֨ם הַרְבֵּ֜ה וְהָבֵ֣א מְעָ֗ט אָכ֤וֹל וְאֵין־לְשָׂבְעָה֙ שָׁת֣וֹ וְאֵין־לְשָׁכְרָ֔ה לָב֖וֹשׁ וְאֵין־לְחֹ֣ם ל֑וֹ וְהַ֨מִּשְׂתַּכֵּ֔ר מִשְׂתַּכֵּ֖ר אֶל־צְר֥וֹר נָקֽוּב׃ פ |
You have sown much, But brought little in; Eaten, But not to satisfaction; Drunk, But not to the full; Clothed yourselves, But not enough to warm yourselves. And the hired man hires himself out For wages going into a purse with holes.’ |
brought ... eaten ... drunk ... clothed yourselves: cases of the infinitive absolute in the role of finite verbs.
to warm yourselves ← to warm oneself. with holes ← perforated. |
| Hagg 1:7 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְכֶ֖ם עַל־דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Consider your ways. | this is what ← thus. |
| Hagg 1:8 | עֲל֥וּ הָהָ֛ר וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם עֵ֖ץ וּבְנ֣וּ הַבָּ֑יִת וְאֶרְצֶה־בּ֥וֹ *ואכבד **וְאֶכָּבְדָ֖ה אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Go up to the mountain and bring wood, and build the house, and I will accept it. And {K: I will be honoured} [Q: let me be honoured] by it, says the Lord. | |
| Hagg 1:9 | פָּנֹ֤ה אֶל־הַרְבֵּה֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה לִמְעָ֔ט וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם הַבַּ֖יִת וְנָפַ֣חְתִּי ב֑וֹ יַ֣עַן מֶ֗ה נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת יַ֗עַן בֵּיתִי֙ אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא חָרֵ֔ב וְאַתֶּ֥ם רָצִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | You turned your attention to much gain, but look, it came to little, and when you brought it home, I blew on it. Why? says the Lord of hosts. Because of my house, in that it is desolate, but you run, each man to his own house. |
you turned your attention: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
blew on it: perhaps, with LXX, meaning blew it away. |
| Hagg 1:10 | עַל־כֵּ֣ן עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם כָּלְא֥וּ שָמַ֖יִם מִטָּ֑ל וְהָאָ֖רֶץ כָּלְאָ֥ה יְבוּלָֽהּ׃ | That is why heaven is shut on you, so that there is no dew, and the land has held back its produce. | so that there is no dew ← from dew. |
| Hagg 1:11 | וָאֶקְרָ֨א חֹ֜רֶב עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ וְעַל־הֶהָרִ֗ים וְעַל־הַדָּגָן֙ וְעַל־הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְעַל־הַיִּצְהָ֔ר וְעַ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹצִ֖יא הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וְעַל־הָֽאָדָם֙ וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְעַ֖ל כָּל־יְגִ֥יעַ כַּפָּֽיִם׃ ס | For I called a drought on the land and on the mountains, and on the corn, and on the new wine, and on the new oil, and on that which the ground produces, and on man and on the cattle, and on all manual toil.’ ” | for: causal use of the vav. |
| Hagg 1:12 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל ׀ בֶּֽן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֡ל וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וְכֹ֣ל ׀ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָעָ֗ם בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ חַגַּ֣י הַנָּבִ֔יא כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁלָח֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם מִפְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Jozadak, the high priest, and all the remainder of the people, heeded the Lord their God, and the words of Haggai the prophet, according as the Lord their God sent him, and the people feared the Lord. |
Jozadak: see Hagg 1:1.
heeded ← heard the voice. feared the Lord ← feared before the Lord. |
| Hagg 1:13 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר חַגַּ֞י מַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה בְּמַלְאֲכ֥וּת יְהוָ֖ה לָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲנִ֥י אִתְּכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | And Haggai the Lord's messenger spoke with the Lord's message to the people and said, “I am with you, says the Lord.” | |
| Hagg 1:14 | וַיָּ֣עַר יְהוָ֡ה אֶת־רוּחַ֩ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל וְֽאֶת־ר֔וּחַ כֹּ֖ל שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָעָ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And the Lord roused the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, the governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Jozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remainder of the people, and they came, and they carried out the work in the house of the Lord of hosts their God, |
Shealtiel ← Shaltiel here, but not in Hagg 1:1.
Jozadak: see Hagg 1:1. |
| Hagg 1:15 | בְּי֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בַּשִּׁשִּׁ֑י בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְדָרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | on the twenty-fourth day of the month, in the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king. | |
| Hagg 2:1 | בַּשְּׁבִיעִ֕י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאֶחָ֖ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה בְּיַד־חַגַּ֥י הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | In the seventh month, on the twenty-first day of the month, the word of the Lord came through the intermediacy of Haggai the prophet and said, |
came ← became.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Hagg 2:2 | אֱמָר־נָ֗א אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵל֙ פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָ֖ק הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֑וֹל וְאֶל־שְׁאֵרִ֥ית הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “Please speak to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, the governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jozadak, the high priest, and the remainder of the people, and say, |
Shealtiel ← Shaltiel, as in Hagg 1:14, but not Hagg 1:1.
Jozadak: see Hagg 1:1. |
| Hagg 2:3 | מִ֤י בָכֶם֙ הַנִּשְׁאָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּ֔ה בִּכְבוֹד֖וֹ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וּמָ֨ה אַתֶּ֜ם רֹאִ֤ים אֹתוֹ֙ עַ֔תָּה הֲל֥וֹא כָמֹ֛הוּ כְּאַ֖יִן בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | ‘Who is there remaining among you who has seen this house in its former glory? And how do you see it now? Is it not in your sight nothing compared to what it was? | |
| Hagg 2:4 | וְעַתָּ֣ה חֲזַ֣ק זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל ׀ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֡ה וַחֲזַ֣ק יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָק֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וַחֲזַ֨ק כָּל־עַ֥ם הָאָ֛רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י אִתְּכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | So now, be strong, Zerubbabel, says the Lord, and be strong Joshua, son of Jozadak, high priest, and be strong all of you people of the land, says the Lord, and start work, for I am with you, says the Lord of hosts. | Jozadak: see Hagg 1:1. |
| Hagg 2:5 | אֶֽת־הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֤תִּי אִתְּכֶם֙ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וְרוּחִ֖י עֹמֶ֣דֶת בְּתוֹכְכֶ֑ם אַל־תִּירָֽאוּ׃ ס | I uphold the word which I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt, and my spirit remains in your midst; do not fear. | |
| Hagg 2:6 | כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת ע֥וֹד אַחַ֖ת מְעַ֣ט הִ֑יא וַאֲנִ֗י מַרְעִישׁ֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־הַיָּ֖ם וְאֶת־הֶחָרָבָֽה׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts says: «Just once more, and it will be in a little while, and I will shake heaven and the earth, both the sea and the dry land, |
Heb 12:26, Heb 12:27.
this is what ← thus. |
| Hagg 2:7 | וְהִרְעַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וּבָ֖אוּ חֶמְדַּ֣ת כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּמִלֵּאתִ֞י אֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ כָּב֔וֹד אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | and I will shake all the nations. Then the desire of all the nations will come, and I will fill this house with glory, says the Lord of hosts. |
Heb 10:37. By implication, the subject of to come is one who is expected.
desire of all the nations: see note in [CB]. For other examples of a discordant plural verb, see the Hebrew of Ps 140:10 (Ps 140:9AV) ketiv, Jer 2:34, Jer 46:9. |
| Hagg 2:8 | לִ֥י הַכֶּ֖סֶף וְלִ֣י הַזָּהָ֑ב נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | The silver is mine and the gold is mine, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Hagg 2:9 | גָּד֣וֹל יִֽהְיֶ֡ה כְּבוֹד֩ הַבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֤ה הָאַֽחֲרוֹן֙ מִן־הָ֣רִאשׁ֔וֹן אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וּבַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן שָׁל֔וֹם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ | The glory of this latter house will be greater than that of the first, says the Lord of hosts, and I will give peace in this place, says the Lord of hosts.» ’ ” | |
| Hagg 2:10 | בְּעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְאַרְבָּעָה֙ לַתְּשִׁיעִ֔י בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְדָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ הָיָה֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־חַגַּ֥י הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Haggai the prophet and said, | came ← became. |
| Hagg 2:11 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת שְׁאַל־נָ֧א אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים תּוֹרָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Please ask the priests about the law, and say, | this is what ← thus. |
| Hagg 2:12 | הֵ֣ן ׀ יִשָּׂא־אִ֨ישׁ בְּשַׂר־קֹ֜דֶשׁ בִּכְנַ֣ף בִּגְד֗וֹ וְנָגַ֣ע בִּ֠כְנָפוֹ אֶל־הַלֶּ֨חֶם וְאֶל־הַנָּזִ֜יד וְאֶל־הַיַּ֧יִן וְאֶל־שֶׁ֛מֶן וְאֶל־כָּל־מַאֲכָ֖ל הֲיִקְדָּ֑שׁ וַיַּעֲנ֧וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹֽא׃ | «If a man carries holy meat in the fold of his garment, and it touches in his fold bread, or boiled food, or wine or oil or any food, is it still holy?» ’ ” And the priests answered and said, “No.” |
any ← all.
is it still holy?: or, as AV, does it (i.e. the bread etc.) become holy?, so AV differs. But the application in Hagg 2:14 is of becoming unclean, not of a pretension of becoming holy. |
| Hagg 2:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חַגַּ֔י אִם־יִגַּ֧ע טְמֵא־נֶ֛פֶשׁ בְּכָל־אֵ֖לֶּה הֲיִטְמָ֑א וַיַּעֲנ֧וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יִטְמָֽא׃ | Then Haggai said, “If a man who is unclean touches any of these, does it become unclean?” And the priests answered and said, “It becomes unclean.” |
unclean ← unclean of soul; see Lev 22:4.
any ← all. |
| Hagg 2:14 | וַיַּ֨עַן חַגַּ֜י וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כֵּ֣ן הָֽעָם־הַ֠זֶּה וְכֵן־הַגּ֨וֹי הַזֶּ֤ה לְפָנַי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְכֵ֖ן כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֛יבוּ שָׁ֖ם טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ | Then Haggai reacted and said, “So it is with this people, and so it is with this nation, before me, says the Lord, and so is all the work of their hands. And that which they offer there is unclean. | reacted ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Gen 18:27. |
| Hagg 2:15 | וְעַתָּה֙ שִֽׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְכֶ֔ם מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה מִטֶּ֧רֶם שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן בְּהֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ | So now, please consider from this day on, how from before a stone was put on a stone in the Lord's temple, | consider ← set your heart. |
| Hagg 2:16 | מִֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם בָּא֙ אֶל־עֲרֵמַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְהָיְתָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה בָּ֣א אֶל־הַיֶּ֗קֶב לַחְשֹׂף֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים פּוּרָ֔ה וְהָיְתָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | that ever since they came into existence, if anyone came to a heap of twenty measures of grain, it turned out to be ten. If he came to the wine vat to draw off fifty measures from the wine press, it turned out to contain twenty. |
since they came into existence ← since their existing.
turned out to be ... turned out to contain ← became ... became. |
| Hagg 2:17 | הִכֵּ֨יתִי אֶתְכֶ֜ם בַּשִּׁדָּפ֤וֹן וּבַיֵּֽרָקוֹן֙ וּבַבָּרָ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיכֶ֑ם וְאֵין־אֶתְכֶ֥ם אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | I have struck you with blight and mildew and with hail, on all the work of your hands, but you have not come to me, says the Lord. | |
| Hagg 2:18 | שִׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְכֶ֔ם מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה מִיּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַתְּשִׁיעִ֗י לְמִן־הַיּ֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֻסַּ֥ד הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְכֶֽם׃ | Just consider from this day on, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, from the day when the temple of the Lord was founded. Consider it. | |
| Hagg 2:19 | הַע֤וֹד הַזֶּ֙רַע֙ בַּמְּגוּרָ֔ה וְעַד־הַגֶּ֨פֶן וְהַתְּאֵנָ֧ה וְהָרִמּ֛וֹן וְעֵ֥ץ הַזַּ֖יִת לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֑א מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲבָרֵֽךְ׃ ס | Is there still any seed in the granary? And also the vine and the fig tree and the pomegranate and the olive tree have not borne fruit. But from this day, I will bless.” | and also ← and up to. We would prefer to re-point as וְעֺד, and still, as AV actually does (yet). So AV differs. |
| Hagg 2:20 | וַיְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֵׁנִית֙ אֶל־חַגַּ֔י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came a second time to Haggai, on the twenty-fourth day of the month and said, | |
| Hagg 2:21 | אֱמֹ֕ר אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֥ל פַּֽחַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲנִ֣י מַרְעִ֔ישׁ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | “Speak to Zerubbabel the governor of Judah, and say, ‘I will shake heaven and the earth. | |
| Hagg 2:22 | וְהָֽפַכְתִּי֙ כִּסֵּ֣א מַמְלָכ֔וֹת וְהִ֨שְׁמַדְתִּ֔י חֹ֖זֶק מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְהָפַכְתִּ֤י מֶרְכָּבָה֙ וְרֹ֣כְבֶ֔יהָ וְיָרְד֤וּ סוּסִים֙ וְרֹ֣כְבֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אָחִֽיו׃ | And I will overturn the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations, and I will overturn the chariot fleet and its riders, and horses and their riders will fall, each one by his brother's sword. | fall ← come down, perhaps with connotations of to the grave. |
| Hagg 2:23 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֣וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֡וֹת אֶ֠קָּחֲךָ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֤ל עַבְדִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךָ כַּֽחוֹתָ֑ם כִּֽי־בְךָ֣ בָחַ֔רְתִּי נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | On that day, says the Lord of hosts, I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant, says the Lord, and I will make you like a seal, for I have chosen you, says the Lord of hosts.’ ” | |
| Zech 1:1 | בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְדָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ הָיָ֣ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־זְכַרְיָה֙ בֶּן־בֶּ֣רֶכְיָ֔ה בֶּן־עִדּ֥וֹ הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 1:2 | קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עַל־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם קָֽצֶף׃ | “The Lord is very angry with your fathers, | very angry ← angry (with) an anger. |
| Zech 1:3 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֗ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְאָשׁ֣וּב אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | so you will say to them, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «Return to me, says the Lord of hosts, and I will return to you, says the Lord of hosts. | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 1:4 | אַל־תִּהְי֣וּ כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרְאֽוּ־אֲלֵיהֶם֩ הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֤וּבוּ נָא֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים *ומעליליכם **וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖ם הָֽרָעִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֛וּ וְלֹֽא־הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | Do not be like your fathers to whom the first prophets called and said, ‹This is what the Lord of hosts says: "Return now from your wicked ways and your wicked works" ›, but who did not heed it and who did not hearken to me, says the Lord. |
works: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 1:5 | אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אַיֵּה־הֵ֑ם וְהַ֨נְּבִאִ֔ים הַלְעוֹלָ֖ם יִֽחְיֽוּ׃ | Where are your fathers? And do the prophets live age-abidingly? | |
| Zech 1:6 | אַ֣ךְ ׀ דְּבָרַ֣י וְחֻקַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הֲל֥וֹא הִשִּׂ֖יגוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר זָמַ֜ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֔נוּ כִּדְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּכְמַ֣עֲלָלֵ֔ינוּ כֵּ֖ן עָשָׂ֥ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃ ס | But regarding my words and my statutes with which I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers? Then they repented and said, ‹According to how the Lord of hosts purposed to deal with us, according to our ways and our deeds, so he has dealt with us.› » ’ ” | repented ← returned, often with the sense of to God. |
| Zech 1:7 | בְּיוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֜ה לְעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ שְׁבָ֔ט בִּשְׁנַ֥ת שְׁתַּ֖יִם לְדָרְיָ֑וֶשׁ הָיָ֣ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־זְכַרְיָה֙ בֶּן־בֶּ֣רֶכְיָ֔הוּ בֶּן־עִדּ֥וֹא הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹֽר׃ | On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, that is the month of Shvat, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, as follows: |
Shvat: AV= Sebat, but we use the modern name.
came ← became. as follows ← saying, but a description rather than new direct speech follows. |
| Zech 1:8 | רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ רֹכֵב֙ עַל־ס֣וּס אָדֹ֔ם וְה֣וּא עֹמֵ֔ד בֵּ֥ין הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה וְאַחֲרָיו֙ סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֔ים שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים וּלְבָנִֽים׃ | I saw a vision at night, and there was a man riding on a red horse, who stood between the myrtles which were in the deep vale, and after him came red horses, bay ones, and white ones. |
deep vale: from root צוּל, perhaps meaning deep (sea). Re-pointed מְצֻלָּה, from צָלַל, it would read shade.
there was ← behold. bay: AV differs (speckled). |
| Zech 1:9 | וָאֹמַ֖ר מָה־אֵ֣לֶּה אֲדֹנִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֔י אֲנִ֥י אַרְאֶ֖ךָּ מָה־הֵ֥מָּה אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And I said, “What are these, my Lord?” And the angel speaking to me said to me, “I will show you what these are.” | my Lord: at this stage, Zechariah is addressing the Lord, whose word had just come to him (Zech 1:7). So a capital L. The fact that an angel interposes does not detract from this. |
| Zech 1:10 | וַיַּ֗עַן הָאִ֛ישׁ הָעֹמֵ֥ד בֵּין־הַהַדַסִּ֖ים וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֵ֚לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה לְהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the man standing between the myrtles answered and said, “These are what the Lord has sent, to walk up and down on the earth.” | |
| Zech 1:11 | וַֽיַּעֲנ֞וּ אֶת־מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֗ה הָֽעֹמֵד֙ בֵּ֣ין הַהֲדַסִּ֔ים וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְנוּ בָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ יֹשֶׁ֥בֶת וְשֹׁקָֽטֶת׃ | And they answered the angel of the Lord, who was standing between the myrtles, and they said, “We have walked up and down the earth, and what we saw was that the whole earth was dwelling undisturbed and was quiet.” | what we saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 1:12 | וַיַּ֣עַן מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עַד־מָתַ֗י אַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־תְרַחֵ֣ם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָעַ֔מְתָּה זֶ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And the angel of the Lord replied and said, “O Lord of hosts, how long will you not have compassion on Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, over which you have been indignant for seventy years now?” | |
| Zech 1:13 | וַיַּ֣עַן יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י דְּבָרִ֣ים טוֹבִ֑ים דְּבָרִ֖ים נִחֻמִֽים׃ | And the Lord answered the angel speaking to me, with good words, comforting words. | |
| Zech 1:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הַמַּלְאָךְ֙ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֔י קְרָ֣א לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת קִנֵּ֧אתִי לִירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וּלְצִיּ֖וֹן קִנְאָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ |
And the angel speaking to me said, “Call out and say, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says:
«I am jealous for Jerusalem and Zion with a great jealousy. |
this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 1:15 | וְקֶ֤צֶף גָּדוֹל֙ אֲנִ֣י קֹצֵ֔ף עַל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם הַשַּֽׁאֲנַנִּ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ קָצַ֣פְתִּי מְּעָ֔ט וְהֵ֖מָּה עָזְר֥וּ לְרָעָֽה׃ |
And I am angry with a great anger, With the nations which are at ease, For I was a little angry, But they have exacerbated the evil.» |
exacerbated ← helped. |
| Zech 1:16 | לָכֵ֞ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה שַׁ֤בְתִּי לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בְּֽרַחֲמִ֔ים בֵּיתִי֙ יִבָּ֣נֶה בָּ֔הּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת *וקוה **וְקָ֥ו יִנָּטֶ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
Therefore this is what the Lord says:
«I will return to Jerusalem with compassion; My house will be built in it, Says the Lord of hosts, And a cord will be stretched out over Jerusalem.» ’ |
cord: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 1:17 | ע֣וֹד ׀ קְרָ֣א לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת ע֛וֹד תְּפוּצֶ֥ינָה עָרַ֖י מִטּ֑וֹב וְנִחַ֨ם יְהוָ֥ה עוֹד֙ אֶת־צִיּ֔וֹן וּבָחַ֥ר ע֖וֹד בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
Call out again and say, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says:
«My cities will yet overflow with goodness, And the Lord will yet have mercy on Zion, And he will yet choose Jerusalem.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
the Lord will yet have mercy on Zion ... and he will yet choose Jerusalem: compare Isa 14:1, Isa 51:3. |
| Zech 2:1 Zech 1:18AV |
וָאֶשָּׂ֥א אֶת־עֵינַ֖י וָאֵ֑רֶא וְהִנֵּ֖ה אַרְבַּ֥ע קְרָנֽוֹת׃ | Then I lifted up my eyes and looked, and what I saw was four horns. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 2:2 Zech 1:19AV |
וָאֹמַ֗ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י מָה־אֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י אֵ֤לֶּה הַקְּרָנוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר זֵר֣וּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִירוּשָׁלָֽם׃ ס | And I said to the angel who was speaking to me, “What are these?” And he said to me, “These are the horns which scattered Judah, Israel and Jerusalem.” | |
| Zech 2:3 Zech 1:20AV |
וַיַּרְאֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֔ה אַרְבָּעָ֖ה חָרָשִֽׁים׃ | And the Lord showed me four craftsmen. | |
| Zech 2:4 Zech 1:21AV |
וָאֹמַ֕ר מָ֛ה אֵ֥לֶּה בָאִ֖ים לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֣לֶּה הַקְּרָנ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁר־זֵ֣רוּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּפִי־אִישׁ֙ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְהַחֲרִ֣יד אֹתָ֔ם לְיַדּ֞וֹת אֶת־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם הַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים קֶ֛רֶן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה לְזָרוֹתָֽהּ׃ ס | And I said, “What are these coming to do?” And he spoke and said, “Those are the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man could lift his head, but these have come to terrify them, to throw out the horns of the Gentiles who are lifting up a horn against the land of Judah, to scatter it.” | |
| Zech 2:5 Zech 2:1AV |
וָאֶשָּׂ֥א עֵינַ֛י וָאֵ֖רֶא וְהִנֵּה־אִ֑ישׁ וּבְיָד֖וֹ חֶ֥בֶל מִדָּֽה׃ | And I lifted up my eyes and looked, and what I saw was a man, and in his hand was a measuring cord. |
Rev 21:15.
what I saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 2:6 Zech 2:2AV |
וָאֹמַ֕ר אָ֖נָה אַתָּ֣ה הֹלֵ֑ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י לָמֹד֙ אֶת־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִרְא֥וֹת כַּמָּֽה־רָחְבָּ֖הּ וְכַמָּ֥ה אָרְכָּֽהּ׃ | And I said, “Where are you going?” And he said to me, “To measure Jerusalem, to see what its width is and what its length is.” | |
| Zech 2:7 Zech 2:3AV |
וְהִנֵּ֗ה הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י יֹצֵ֑א וּמַלְאָ֣ךְ אַחֵ֔ר יֹצֵ֖א לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃ | Then what I saw was the angel who had been speaking to me going out, and another angel coming out to meet him. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 2:8 Zech 2:4AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔ו רֻ֗ץ דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־הַנַּ֥עַר הַלָּ֖ז לֵאמֹ֑ר פְּרָזוֹת֙ תֵּשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם מֵרֹ֥ב אָדָ֛ם וּבְהֵמָ֖ה בְּתוֹכָֽהּ׃ | And he said to him, “Run, speak to this young man and say, ‘Jerusalem will be inhabited as open villages, because of the large number of men and cattle inside it. | |
| Zech 2:9 Zech 2:5AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י אֶֽהְיֶה־לָּהּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה ח֥וֹמַת אֵ֖שׁ סָבִ֑יב וּלְכָב֖וֹד אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃ פ | And I will be to it a wall of fire round about, says the Lord, and I will be there for glory in its precincts. | in its precincts ← in its midst. |
| Zech 2:10 Zech 2:6AV |
ה֣וֹי ה֗וֹי וְנֻ֛סוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ צָפ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֠י כְּאַרְבַּ֞ע רוּח֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם פֵּרַ֥שְׂתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | Hey, hey! Now flee from the northern land, says the Lord, for I am the one who scattered you like the four winds of heaven, says the Lord. | |
| Zech 2:11 Zech 2:7AV |
ה֥וֹי צִיּ֖וֹן הִמָּלְטִ֑י יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃ ס | Hey, Zion, make your escape, you who dwell as a dependency of Babylon. | dependency ← daughter. |
| Zech 2:12 Zech 2:8AV |
כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֒ אַחַ֣ר כָּב֔וֹד שְׁלָחַ֕נִי אֶל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם הַשֹּׁלְלִ֣ים אֶתְכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י הַנֹּגֵ֣עַ בָּכֶ֔ם נֹגֵ֖עַ בְּבָבַ֥ת עֵינֽוֹ׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts says: «He has sent me after glory, to the Gentiles who spoil you, for he who touches you, touches the apple of {P: my eye} [M: his eye]. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= עֵינִי. AV differs.
this is what ← thus. he has sent me: i.e. the Lord has sent Zechariah, as if ↴ |
| Zech 2:13 Zech 2:9AV |
כִּ֠י הִנְנִ֨י מֵנִ֤יף אֶת־יָדִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ שָׁלָ֖ל לְעַבְדֵיהֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁלָחָֽנִי׃ ס | For I am about to wave my hand at them, and they will become a spoil to their servants, and you will know that the Lord of hosts has sent me. |
↳ indirect speech (that he has sent me), but we conjoin it with the direct speech of the rest of the sentence.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Zech 2:14 Zech 2:10AV |
רָנִּ֥י וְשִׂמְחִ֖י בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּ֧י הִנְנִי־בָ֛א וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֥י בְתוֹכֵ֖ךְ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | Shout for joy and rejoice, daughter of Zion, for behold, I am coming, and I will dwell in your midst, says the Lord. | |
| Zech 2:15 Zech 2:11AV |
וְנִלְווּ֩ גוֹיִ֨ם רַבִּ֤ים אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְהָ֥יוּ לִ֖י לְעָ֑ם וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֣י בְתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וְיָדַ֕עַתְּ כִּי־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ | And many nations will be joined to the Lord on that day, and they will be a people to me, and I will dwell in your midst, and you will know that the Lord of hosts has sent me to you. | |
| Zech 2:16 Zech 2:12AV |
וְנָחַ֨ל יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ חֶלְק֔וֹ עַ֖ל אַדְמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וּבָחַ֥ר ע֖וֹד בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And the Lord will inherit Judah his portion, on holy ground, and he will still choose Jerusalem. | |
| Zech 2:17 Zech 2:13AV |
הַ֥ס כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֥י נֵע֖וֹר מִמְּע֥וֹן קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ ס | Be silent, all flesh, before the Lord, for he has been roused from his holy dwelling place.» ’ ” | his holy dwelling place ← the dwelling place of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Zech 3:1 | וַיַּרְאֵ֗נִי אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל עֹמֵ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְהַשָּׂטָ֛ן עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ לְשִׂטְנֽוֹ׃ | And he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan was standing on his right hand side to oppose him. | |
| Zech 3:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֗ן יִגְעַ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה בְּךָ֙ הַשָּׂטָ֔ן וְיִגְעַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ בְּךָ֔ הַבֹּחֵ֖ר בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הֲל֧וֹא זֶ֦ה א֖וּד מֻצָּ֥ל מֵאֵֽשׁ׃ | And the Lord said to Satan, “May the Lord rebuke you, Satan, may the Lord, who chooses Jerusalem, rebuke you. Isn't this man a firebrand rescued from the fire?” | this man: Joshua the high priest, but representing the people, having suffered much, but saved from utter destruction. See [DB-VPZ] pp.94-95. |
| Zech 3:3 | וִיהוֹשֻׁ֕עַ הָיָ֥ה לָבֻ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים צוֹאִ֑ים וְעֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמַּלְאָֽךְ׃ | Now Joshua was clothed in filthy garments, and he was standing before the angel. | |
| Zech 3:4 | וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶל־הָעֹמְדִ֤ים לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָסִ֛ירוּ הַבְּגָדִ֥ים הַצֹּאִ֖ים מֵעָלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו רְאֵ֨ה הֶעֱבַ֤רְתִּי מֵעָלֶ֙יךָ֙ עֲוֺנֶ֔ךָ וְהַלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹתְךָ֖ מַחֲלָצֽוֹת׃ | And the angel reacted and spoke to those standing before him and said, “Take the filthy clothes off him.” And he said to Joshua, “Look, I have remitted your iniquity, and I have clothed you in costly dress.” |
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27.
remitted ← transferred from you. I have clothed: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Zech 3:5 | וָאֹמַ֕ר יָשִׂ֛ימוּ צָנִ֥יף טָה֖וֹר עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיָּשִׂימוּ֩ הַצָּנִ֨יף הַטָּה֜וֹר עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ וַיַּלְבִּשֻׁ֙הוּ֙ בְּגָדִ֔ים וּמַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה עֹמֵֽד׃ | Then I said, “Put a clean turban on his head.” And they put a clean turban on his head and clothed him in garments, while the angel of the Lord stood by. | put ← let them put, or, more literally, they will put. |
| Zech 3:6 | וַיָּ֙עַד֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה בִּיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the angel of the Lord testified to Joshua and said, | |
| Zech 3:7 | כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אִם־בִּדְרָכַ֤י תֵּלֵךְ֙ וְאִ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֣י תִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגַם־אַתָּה֙ תָּדִ֣ין אֶת־בֵּיתִ֔י וְגַ֖ם תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר אֶת־חֲצֵרָ֑י וְנָתַתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ מַהְלְכִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָעֹמְדִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘If you walk in my paths, and if you keep my charge, then you too will govern my house, and you will guard my courts, and I will give you right of way between these who are standing by. |
this is what ← thus.
right of way ← ways / journeys. |
| Zech 3:8 | שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ ׀ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֗וֹל אַתָּה֙ וְרֵעֶ֙יךָ֙ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֣ים לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־אַנְשֵׁ֥י מוֹפֵ֖ת הֵ֑מָּה כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֥י מֵבִ֛יא אֶת־עַבְדִּ֖י צֶֽמַח׃ | Now listen, Joshua the high priest, you and your colleagues sitting before you, for they are significant men. For I am about to bring in my servant the Branch. |
significant men ← men of sign, a Hebraic genitive.
I am about to ← behold me. |
| Zech 3:9 | כִּ֣י ׀ הִנֵּ֣ה הָאֶ֗בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַ֙תִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עַל־אֶ֥בֶן אַחַ֖ת שִׁבְעָ֣ה עֵינָ֑יִם הִנְנִ֧י מְפַתֵּ֣חַ פִּתֻּחָ֗הּ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּמַשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־עֲוֺ֥ן הָאָֽרֶץ־הַהִ֖יא בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ | For here is the stone which I have put before Joshua. There will be seven eyes on one stone. I am about to incise its engraving, says the Lord of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of this land in one day. |
Rev 5:6.
here is ← behold. I am about to ← behold me. this land ← that land. |
| Zech 3:10 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת תִּקְרְא֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ אֶל־תַּ֥חַת גֶּ֖פֶן וְאֶל־תַּ֥חַת תְּאֵנָֽה׃ | On that day, says the Lord of hosts, each of you will call to his neighbour, under the vine and under the fig tree.’ ” | |
| Zech 4:1 | וַיָּ֕שָׁב הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֑י וַיְעִירֵ֕נִי כְּאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֵע֥וֹר מִשְּׁנָתֽוֹ׃ | And the angel who was speaking to me came back and woke me up, as a man who is woken from his sleep. | |
| Zech 4:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה *ויאמר **וָאֹמַ֡ר רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מְנוֹרַת֩ זָהָ֨ב כֻּלָּ֜הּ וְגֻלָּ֣הּ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֗הּ וְשִׁבְעָ֤ה נֵרֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ שִׁבְעָ֤ה וְשִׁבְעָה֙ מֽוּצָק֔וֹת לַנֵּר֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹאשָֽׁהּ׃ | And he said to me, “What do you see?” And {Q: I said,} [K: he said,] “I looked, and what I saw was a lampstand, all of gold, with its bowl above it, with its seven lamps on it, and seven pipes for the seven lamps which were above it. |
what I saw was ← behold.
seven pipes for the seven lamps ← seven and seven pipes for the lamps. above it (2x) ← on its head. |
| Zech 4:3 | וּשְׁנַ֥יִם זֵיתִ֖ים עָלֶ֑יהָ אֶחָד֙ מִימִ֣ין הַגֻּלָּ֔ה וְאֶחָ֖ד עַל־שְׂמֹאלָֽהּ׃ | And there were two olive trees on it – one to the right of the bowl and one to its left.” | Rev 11:4. |
| Zech 4:4 | וָאַ֙עַן֙ וָֽאֹמַ֔ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר מָה־אֵ֖לֶּה אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | Then I inquired and spoke to the angel who was speaking to me, and I said, “What are these, my lord?” | inquired ← asked, but no question asked; rather, one is raised. Compare Gen 18:27. |
| Zech 4:5 | וַ֠יַּעַן הַמַּלְאָ֞ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּי֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י הֲל֥וֹא יָדַ֖עְתָּ מָה־הֵ֣מָּה אֵ֑לֶּה וָאֹמַ֖ר לֹ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | And the angel who was speaking to me answered and said to me, “Do you not know what these are?” And I answered, “No, my lord.” | |
| Zech 4:6 | וַיַּ֜עַן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֚ה דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א בְחַ֙יִל֙ וְלֹ֣א בְכֹ֔חַ כִּ֣י אִם־בְּרוּחִ֔י אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And he answered and spoke to me and said, “This is the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel. ‘It is not by force and not by strength, but by my spirit, says the Lord of hosts. | to Zerubbabel: followed by לֵאמֺר, to say, which merely re-affirms that direct speech follows. |
| Zech 4:7 | מִֽי־אַתָּ֧ה הַֽר־הַגָּד֛וֹל לִפְנֵ֥י זְרֻבָּבֶ֖ל לְמִישֹׁ֑ר וְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָרֹאשָׁ֔ה תְּשֻׁא֕וֹת חֵ֥ן חֵ֖ן לָֽהּ׃ פ | Who are you, you great mountain? Before Zerubbabel, you become a plain, and he will bring out the head-stone. There will be shoutings of «Grace, grace» to it.’ ” | |
| Zech 4:8 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 4:9 | יְדֵ֣י זְרֻבָּבֶ֗ל יִסְּד֛וּ הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה וְיָדָ֣יו תְּבַצַּ֑עְנָה וְיָ֣דַעְתָּ֔ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | “The hands of Zerubbabel founded this house, and his hands will complete it, and you will know that the Lord of hosts sent me to you. | |
| Zech 4:10 | כִּ֣י מִ֣י בַז֮ לְי֣וֹם קְטַנּוֹת֒ וְשָׂמְח֗וּ וְרָא֞וּ אֶת־הָאֶ֧בֶן הַבְּדִ֛יל בְּיַ֥ד זְרֻבָּבֶ֖ל שִׁבְעָה־אֵ֑לֶּה עֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה הֵ֥מָּה מְשׁוֹטְטִ֖ים בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | For who despises the day of small matters? For they will rejoice and see the plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel. These seven are the eyes of the Lord, scrutinizing the whole world.” |
Rev 5:6.
small matters: the start of building did not seem impressive. the eyes of the Lord (etc.): compare Prov 15:3 and 2 Chr 16:9. |
| Zech 4:11 | וָאַ֖עַן וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֑יו מַה־שְּׁנֵ֤י הַזֵּיתִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶה עַל־יְמִ֥ין הַמְּנוֹרָ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂמֹאולָֽהּ׃ | Then I inquired and said to him, “What are these two olive trees to the right of the lampstand, and to its left?” | inquired: see Zech 4:4. |
| Zech 4:12 | וָאַ֣עַן שֵׁנִ֔ית וָאֹמַ֖ר אֵלָ֑יו מַה־שְׁתֵּ֞י שִׁבֲּלֵ֣י הַזֵּיתִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּיַ֗ד שְׁנֵי֙ צַנְתְּר֣וֹת הַזָּהָ֔ב הַֽמְרִיקִ֥ים מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַזָּהָֽב׃ | And I inquired a second time and said to him, “What are the two branches of the olive trees, which by means of two golden tubes empty the golden bowl above them?” |
inquired: see Zech 4:4.
means ← the hand. |
| Zech 4:13 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא יָדַ֖עְתָּ מָה־אֵ֑לֶּה וָאֹמַ֖ר לֹ֥א אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | Then he spoke to me and said, “Do you not know what these are?” And I said, “No, my Lord.” | my Lord: Zechariah is addressing the Lord, whose word had directly come to him (Zech 4:8). There is no angel in this portion. Compare Zech 1:9. So a capital L. The Lord is ↴ |
| Zech 4:14 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֵ֖לֶּה שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַיִּצְהָ֑ר הָעֹמְדִ֖ים עַל־אֲד֥וֹן כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And he said, “These are the two anointed ones who stand by the Lord of all the earth.” |
↳ explicitly Zechariah's interlocutor in Zech 5:4, and probably in the intervening exchanges.
anointed ones ← sons of new oil. |
| Zech 5:1 | וָאָשׁ֕וּב וָאֶשָּׂ֥א עֵינַ֖י וָֽאֶרְאֶ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֖ה מְגִלָּ֥ה עָפָֽה׃ | Then I lifted up my eyes again and looked, and what I saw was a flying scroll. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 5:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה וָאֹמַ֗ר אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ מְגִלָּ֣ה עָפָ֔ה אָרְכָּהּ֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרָחְבָּ֖הּ עֶ֥שֶׂר בָּאַמָּֽה׃ | And he said to me, “What do you see?” And I said, “I see a flying scroll. Its length is twenty cubits, and its width is ten cubits.” | cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Zech 5:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י זֹ֚את הָֽאָלָ֔ה הַיּוֹצֵ֖את עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י כָל־הַגֹּנֵ֗ב מִזֶּה֙ כָּמ֣וֹהָ נִקָּ֔ה וְכָל־הַנִּ֨שְׁבָּ֔ע מִזֶּ֖ה כָּמ֥וֹהָ נִקָּֽה׃ | And he said to me, “This is the curse which is going out over the face of the whole earth. For everyone who steals, as in the prohibition of one side, is being acquitted, and everyone who swears, as in the prohibition of the other side, is being acquitted. | is being acquitted (2x): as [AnLx], [CB]; [DB-VPZ] has shall be cleansed away. AV differs (shall be cut off). With the scroll, the Lord is objecting to the acquittals. |
| Zech 5:4 | הוֹצֵאתִ֗יהָ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבָ֙אָה֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַגַּנָּ֔ב וְאֶל־בֵּ֛ית הַנִּשְׁבָּ֥ע בִּשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וְלָ֙נֶה֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ בֵּית֔וֹ וְכִלַּ֖תּוּ וְאֶת־עֵצָ֥יו וְאֶת־אֲבָנָֽיו׃ | I will send it out, says the Lord of hosts, and it will go to the house of the thief, and the house of the one who swears by my name falsely, and it will lodge inside his house, and it will consume it, both its timbers and its stones.” | |
| Zech 5:5 | וַיֵּצֵ֕א הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י שָׂ֣א נָ֤א עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וּרְאֵ֔ה מָ֖ה הַיּוֹצֵ֥את הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And the angel who was speaking to me came up and said to me, “Lift up your eyes and see what this is that is setting out.” | came up ← came out. |
| Zech 5:6 | וָאֹמַ֖ר מַה־הִ֑יא וַיֹּ֗אמֶר זֹ֤את הָֽאֵיפָה֙ הַיּוֹצֵ֔את וַיֹּ֕אמֶר זֹ֥את עֵינָ֖ם בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I said, “What is it?” And he said, “This is the ephah which is setting out.” And he said, “This is their appearance all over the earth.” |
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. Symbolizing trade or commerce [DB-VPZ].
appearance ← eye. |
| Zech 5:7 | וְהִנֵּ֛ה כִּכַּ֥ר עֹפֶ֖רֶת נִשֵּׂ֑את וְזֹאת֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה אַחַ֔ת יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאֵיפָֽה׃ | And what I saw was a talent of lead being lifted up. And this is a woman sitting inside the ephah. |
what I saw was ← behold.
talent: see Ex 25:39. a woman ← one woman. ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Zech 5:8 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ זֹ֣את הָרִשְׁעָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הָֽאֵיפָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֛ךְ אֶת־אֶ֥בֶן הָעֹפֶ֖רֶת אֶל־פִּֽיהָ׃ ס | And he said, “This is wickedness.” And he cast her into the ephah, and he cast the block of lead over its opening. | ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Zech 5:9 | וָאֶשָּׂ֨א עֵינַ֜י וָאֵ֗רֶא וְהִנֵּה֩ שְׁתַּ֨יִם נָשִׁ֤ים יֽוֹצְאוֹת֙ וְר֣וּחַ בְּכַנְפֵיהֶ֔ם וְלָהֵ֥נָּה כְנָפַ֖יִם כְּכַנְפֵ֣י הַחֲסִידָ֑ה וַתִּשֶּׂ֙אנָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֵיפָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֵ֥ין הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | Then I lifted up my eyes and looked, and what I saw was two women coming out, and there was wind in their wings, for they had wings like the wings of a stork, and they lifted up the ephah between the earth and the sky. |
what I saw was ← behold.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. the sky: or heaven. |
| Zech 5:10 | וָאֹמַ֕ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֑י אָ֛נָה הֵ֥מָּה מֽוֹלִכ֖וֹת אֶת־הָאֵיפָֽה׃ | And I said to the angel who was speaking to me, “Where are they taking the ephah to?” | ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Zech 5:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י לִבְנֽוֹת־לָ֥הֿ בַ֖יִת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֑ר וְהוּכַ֛ן וְהֻנִּ֥יחָה שָּׁ֖ם עַל־מְכֻנָתָֽהּ׃ ס | And he said to me, “To build for her a house in the land of Shinar. It will be established and set down there on its base.” | Shinar: i.e. Babylonia [CB], [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 6:1 | וָאָשֻׁ֗ב וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָֽאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה אַרְבַּ֤ע מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ יֹֽצְא֔וֹת מִבֵּ֖ין שְׁנֵ֣י הֶֽהָרִ֑ים וְהֶהָרִ֖ים הָרֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And I lifted up my eyes again and looked, and what I saw was four chariots coming out between two mountains, and the mountains were mountains of copper. | what I saw was ← behold. |
| Zech 6:2 | בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֥ה הָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֑ים וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית סוּסִ֥ים שְׁחֹרִֽים׃ | In the first chariot were red horses, and in the second chariot were black horses. | in (2x): i.e. in the harness of, so the chariots were drawn by the various horses. Similarly in the next verse. |
| Zech 6:3 | וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית סוּסִ֣ים לְבָנִ֑ים וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה֙ הָרְבִעִ֔ית סוּסִ֥ים בְּרֻדִּ֖ים אֲמֻצִּֽים׃ | And in the third chariot were white horses, and in the fourth chariot were vigorous dappled horses. | vigorous dappled horses: AV differs (grisled and bay). It is the “and” that makes a substantive difference, if it then refers to two groups of horses. See Zech 6:6 and Zech 6:7. |
| Zech 6:4 | וָאַ֙עַן֙ וָֽאֹמַ֔ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֣ר בִּ֑י מָה־אֵ֖לֶּה אֲדֹנִֽי׃ | Then I inquired and said to the angel who was speaking to me, “What are these, my lord?” | inquired: see Zech 4:4. |
| Zech 6:5 | וַיַּ֥עַן הַמַּלְאָ֖ךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֑י אֵ֗לֶּה אַרְבַּע֙ רֻח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם יוֹצְא֕וֹת מֵֽהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל־אֲד֥וֹן כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And the angel answered and said to me, “These are the four spirits of heaven, going out from standing by the Lord of all the earth. | |
| Zech 6:6 | אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞הּ הַסּוּסִ֣ים הַשְּׁחֹרִ֗ים יֹֽצְאִים֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְהַלְּבָנִ֔ים יָצְא֖וּ אֶל־אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְהַ֨בְּרֻדִּ֔ים יָצְא֖וּ אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ הַתֵּימָֽן׃ | The black horses in it are going out to the land of the north, and the white ones are going out after them, and the dappled ones are going out to the land of Teman. | Teman: i.e.the south. |
| Zech 6:7 | וְהָאֲמֻצִּ֣ים יָצְא֗וּ וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ לְהִתְהַלֵּ֣ך בָּאָ֔רֶץ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְכ֖וּ הִתְהַלְּכ֣וּ בָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּתְהַלַּ֖כְנָה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | Then when the vigorous ones went out, they asked to go and patrol the earth.” And he said, “Go and patrol the earth.” So they patrolled the earth. | they: feminine, so agreeing with the chariots rather than the horses. |
| Zech 6:8 | וַיַּזְעֵ֣ק אֹתִ֔י וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר רְאֵ֗ה הַיּֽוֹצְאִים֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן הֵנִ֥יחוּ אֶת־רוּחִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ צָפֽוֹן׃ ס | And he cried out to me and spoke to me and said, “See those which are going out to the land of the north; they have set my spirit down in the land of the north. | those which are going out: masculine, so agreeing with the horses. |
| Zech 6:9 | וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 6:10 | לָק֙וֹחַ֙ מֵאֵ֣ת הַגּוֹלָ֔ה מֵחֶלְדַּ֕י וּמֵאֵ֥ת טוֹבִיָּ֖ה וּמֵאֵ֣ת יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה וּבָאתָ֤ אַתָּה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וּבָ֗אתָ בֵּ֚ית יֹאשִׁיָּ֣ה בֶן־צְפַנְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖אוּ מִבָּבֶֽל׃ | Take some of the deportees: those of Heldai, those of Tobiah, and those of Jedaiah, and go on that day, and go to the house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah, with those who came from Babylon. |
take: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
Tobiah: AV= Tobijah here, but the more frequent Tobiah in Ezra and Nehemiah. Josiah ← Joshiah, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Zech 6:11 | וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ כֶֽסֶף־וְזָהָ֖ב וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ עֲטָר֑וֹת וְשַׂמְתָּ֗ בְּרֹ֛אשׁ יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בֶּן־יְהוֹצָדָ֖ק הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ | And take silver and gold, and make crowns, and put them on the head of Joshua the son of Jozadak, the high priest. | Jozadak: see Hagg 1:1. |
| Zech 6:12 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּה־אִ֞ישׁ צֶ֤מַח שְׁמוֹ֙ וּמִתַּחְתָּ֣יו יִצְמָ֔ח וּבָנָ֖ה אֶת־הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽהּ׃ | And speak to him, and say, ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «Behold the man – The Branch is his name – and under his protection he will grow up, and he will build the house of the Lord. |
this is what ← thus.
says ← says ... saying. under his protection ← from under him. AV differs (out of his place). [DB-VPZ] renders from His own root (or stock). |
| Zech 6:13 | וְ֠הוּא יִבְנֶ֞ה אֶת־הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ וְהֽוּא־יִשָּׂ֣א ה֔וֹד וְיָשַׁ֥ב וּמָשַׁ֖ל עַל־כִּסְא֑וֹ וְהָיָ֤ה כֹהֵן֙ עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וַעֲצַ֣ת שָׁל֔וֹם תִּהְיֶ֖ה בֵּ֥ין שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he will build the temple of the Lord, and he will bear majesty, and he will sit and rule on his throne, and he will be a priest on his throne, and there will be the counsel of peace between the two offices. | offices: king and priest, which can only both be fulfilled by the Messiah. |
| Zech 6:14 | וְהָעֲטָרֹ֗ת תִּֽהְיֶה֙ לְחֵ֙לֶם֙ וּלְטוֹבִיָּ֣ה וְלִידַֽעְיָ֔ה וּלְחֵ֖ן בֶּן־צְפַנְיָ֑ה לְזִכָּר֖וֹן בְּהֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ | And Helem and Tobiah and Jedaiah will have the crowns, as will Hen the son of Zephaniah, as a memorial in the temple of the Lord. |
Tobiah: AV= Tobijah here, but the more frequent Tobiah in Ezra and Nehemiah.
as will Hen: or for the grace of, as in [DB-VPZ] p.203, but not MT punctuation. |
| Zech 6:15 | וּרְחוֹקִ֣ים ׀ יָבֹ֗אוּ וּבָנוּ֙ בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה וִידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ אִם־שָׁמ֣וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | And people from far away will come and build in the temple of the Lord, and you will know that the Lord of hosts sent me to you. And it will come to pass if you make a point of heeding the Lord your God.» ’ ” | make a point of heeding: infinitive absolute. |
| Zech 7:1 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע לְדָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־זְכַרְיָ֗ה בְּאַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁעִ֖י בְּכִסְלֵֽו׃ | And it came to pass in the fourth year of Darius the king that the word of the Lord came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, that is Kislev. |
came ← became.
Kislev: AV= Chisleu, but we use the modern English name. |
| Zech 7:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל שַׂר־אֶ֕צֶר וְרֶ֥גֶם מֶ֖לֶךְ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֑יו לְחַלּ֖וֹת אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Sar-Ezer and Regem-Melech and his men sent envoys to Beth-El to entreat the Lord, |
Sar-Ezer: AV= Sherezer.
sent ... to Beth-El: AV differs. The subject of sent could be (1) Beth-El (but towns are usually feminine); (2) Sar-Ezer, ours ↴ entreat: see Jer 26:19. |
| Zech 7:3 | לֵאמֹ֗ר אֶל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ לְבֵית־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֶל־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הַֽאֶבְכֶּה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִשִׁ֔י הִנָּזֵ֕ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי זֶ֖ה כַּמֶּ֥ה שָׁנִֽים׃ פ | to say to the priests who were at the house of the Lord of hosts and to the prophets, “Shall I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done for so many years now?” |
↳ and [CB]; (3) they, AV, which also renders Beth-El as the house of God.
say ← to say ... to say. |
| Zech 7:4 | וַיְהִ֛י דְּבַר־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord of hosts came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 7:5 | אֱמֹר֙ אֶל־כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּֽי־צַמְתֶּ֨ם וְסָפ֜וֹד בַּחֲמִישִׁ֣י וּבַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וְזֶה֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה הֲצ֥וֹם צַמְתֻּ֖נִי אָֽנִי׃ | “Speak to all the people of the land and to the priests, and say, ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month for the last seventy years, did you really fast for me? |
mourned: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
did you really fast: infinitive absolute. for me: with an emphatic pronoun. |
| Zech 7:6 | וְכִ֥י תֹאכְל֖וּ וְכִ֣י תִשְׁתּ֑וּ הֲל֤וֹא אַתֶּם֙ הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם הַשֹּׁתִֽים׃ | And when you ate and when you drank, were you not eating for yourselves and drinking for yourselves? | |
| Zech 7:7 | הֲל֣וֹא אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֔ים בִּהְי֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת וּשְׁלֵוָ֔ה וְעָרֶ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְהַנֶּ֥גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה יֹשֵֽׁב׃ פ | Have you not considered the words which the Lord proclaimed through the intermediacy of the former prophets when Jerusalem was inhabited and prosperous, and her cities around her and the south and the plain were also inhabited?’ ” | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Zech 7:8 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־זְכַרְיָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Zechariah and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 7:9 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר מִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֱמֶת֙ שְׁפֹ֔טוּ וְחֶ֣סֶד וְרַֽחֲמִ֔ים עֲשׂ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אָחִֽיו׃ | “This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Judge with true justice and show kindness and compassion, each man to his brother. |
this is what ← thus.
says ← says ... to say. true justice ← justice of truth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Zech 7:10 | וְאַלְמָנָ֧ה וְיָת֛וֹם גֵּ֥ר וְעָנִ֖י אַֽל־תַּעֲשֹׁ֑קוּ וְרָעַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אַֽל־תַּחְשְׁב֖וּ בִּלְבַבְכֶֽם׃ | Do not oppress the widow or the orphan, the foreigner or the poor, and do not devise wickedness in your hearts, one against his brother.’ ” | hearts ← heart. |
| Zech 7:11 | וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֔יב וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ כָתֵ֖ף סֹרָ֑רֶת וְאָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם הִכְבִּ֥ידוּ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ׃ | But they refused to listen, and they gave a rebellious shoulder, and they made their ears too dull to hear. | |
| Zech 7:12 | וְלִבָּ֞ם שָׂ֣מוּ שָׁמִ֗יר מִ֠שְּׁמוֹעַ אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בְּרוּח֔וֹ בְּיַ֖ד הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף גָּד֔וֹל מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And they made their hearts as hard as diamond, preventing them from hearing the law and the words which the Lord of hosts sent by his spirit, through the intermediacy of the former prophets, and there came great anger from the Lord of hosts. |
hearts ← heart.
diamond: as [AnLx]. AV= adamant stone, [BDB]= flint etc. intermediacy ← hand. came ← became. |
| Zech 7:13 | וַיְהִ֥י כַאֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֖א וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ כֵּ֤ן יִקְרְאוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֔ע אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | “And it has come to pass, that just as he cried out, and they did not listen, so they will cry out, and I will not listen, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Zech 7:14 | וְאֵ֣סָעֲרֵ֗ם עַ֤ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּם וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָשַׁ֣מָּה אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם מֵֽעֹבֵ֖ר וּמִשָּׁ֑ב וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶֽרֶץ־חֶמְדָּ֖ה לְשַׁמָּֽה׃ פ | So I have driven them like a storm into all nations which they did not know of, and the land has become waste after them, so that there was no-one passing through or returning, and they made the pleasant land a desolation.” | pleasant land ← land of pleasantness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Zech 8:1 | וַיְהִ֛י דְּבַר־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord of hosts came and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 8:2 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת קִנֵּ֥אתִי לְצִיּ֖וֹן קִנְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וְחֵמָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה קִנֵּ֥אתִי לָֽהּ׃ |
“This is what the Lord of hosts says:
‘I am jealous for Zion with a great jealousy, And with great fury I am jealous for her.’ |
this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 8:3 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁ֚בְתִּי אֶל־צִיּ֔וֹן וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֖י בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְנִקְרְאָ֤ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עִ֣יר־הָֽאֱמֶ֔ת וְהַר־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת הַ֥ר הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ ס | This is what the Lord says: ‘I will return to Zion, and I will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem, and Jerusalem will be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of the Lord of hosts, the Holy Mountain.’ |
this is what ← thus.
Holy Mountain ← Mountain of Holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Zech 8:4 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֹ֤ד יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ זְקֵנִ֣ים וּזְקֵנ֔וֹת בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאִ֧ישׁ מִשְׁעַנְתּ֛וֹ בְּיָד֖וֹ מֵרֹ֥ב יָמִֽים׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Elderly men and women will yet dwell in the streets of Jerusalem, each with his staff in his hand because of their advanced age. |
this is what ← thus.
advanced age ← abundance of days. |
| Zech 8:5 | וּרְחֹב֤וֹת הָעִיר֙ יִמָּ֣לְא֔וּ יְלָדִ֖ים וִֽילָד֑וֹת מְשַׂחֲקִ֖ים בִּרְחֹֽבֹתֶֽיהָ׃ ס | And the streets of the city will be full of boys and girls playing in its streets.’ | |
| Zech 8:6 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת כִּ֣י יִפָּלֵ֗א בְּעֵינֵי֙ שְׁאֵרִית֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם גַּם־בְּעֵינַי֙ יִפָּלֵ֔א נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘If it is marvellous in the sight of the remnant of this people, in those days, will it also be marvellous in my sight? says the Lord of hosts.’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 8:7 | כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֖י מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִזְרָ֑ח וּמֵאֶ֖רֶץ מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘I am about to save my people from the land of the east and from the land of the west. |
this is what ← thus.
I am about to ← behold me. east ... west ← rising ... setting of the sun, standing for all parts of the earth [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 8:8 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם וְשָׁכְנ֖וּ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֗ם וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֶהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים בֶּאֱמֶ֖ת וּבִצְדָקָֽה׃ ס | And I will bring them, and they will dwell in the precincts of Jerusalem, and they will be a people to me, and I will be God to them, in truth and righteousness.’ |
2 Cor 6:16, Rev 21:7.
precincts ← midst. |
| Zech 8:9 | כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֒ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יְדֵיכֶ֔ם הַשֹּֽׁמְעִים֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֵ֖ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה מִפִּי֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים אֲ֠שֶׁר בְּי֞וֹם יֻסַּ֨ד בֵּית־יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת הַהֵיכָ֖ל לְהִבָּנֽוֹת׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘May you be of good courage, you who hear in these days these words from the mouth of the prophets who were present on the day when the house of the Lord of hosts was founded, when the temple was to be built. |
this is what ← thus.
you be of good courage ← your hands be strengthened. |
| Zech 8:10 | כִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם שְׂכַ֤ר הָֽאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א נִֽהְיָ֔ה וּשְׂכַ֥ר הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֵינֶ֑נָּה וְלַיּוֹצֵ֨א וְלַבָּ֤א אֵין־שָׁלוֹם֙ מִן־הַצָּ֔ר וַאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | For before those days, a man had no wages, and there were no wages for keeping cattle, and there was no peace for him who went about his business, because of affliction. And I sent every man against his neighbour. |
keeping cattle: or (working with) farm animals.
went about his business ← went out and came in. every man ← every man each. |
| Zech 8:11 | וְעַתָּ֗ה לֹ֣א כַיָּמִ֤ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִים֙ אֲנִ֔י לִשְׁאֵרִ֖ית הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | But now, I will not be as in the former days to the remnant of this people, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Zech 8:12 | כִּֽי־זֶ֣רַע הַשָּׁל֗וֹם הַגֶּ֜פֶן תִּתֵּ֤ן פִּרְיָהּ֙ וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ תִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְהַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִתְּנ֣וּ טַלָּ֑ם וְהִנְחַלְתִּ֗י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֛ית הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | For it will be a seed enjoying peace. The vine will yield its fruit, and the land will yield its produce, and the heavens will give their dew. And I will give all these things as a possession to the remnant of this people. | |
| Zech 8:13 | וְהָיָ֡ה כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ הֱיִיתֶ֨ם קְלָלָ֜ה בַּגּוֹיִ֗ם בֵּ֤ית יְהוּדָה֙ וּבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֵּ֚ן אוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וִהְיִיתֶ֖ם בְּרָכָ֑ה אַל־תִּירָ֖אוּ תֶּחֱזַ֥קְנָה יְדֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | And it will come to pass, that just as you were an object of cursing among the Gentiles, O house of Judah and house of Israel, so I will save you, and you will be a blessing. Do not fear; be of good courage.’ | be of good courage ← strengthen your hands. |
| Zech 8:14 | כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר זָמַמְ֜תִּי לְהָרַ֣ע לָכֶ֗ם בְּהַקְצִ֤יף אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ אֹתִ֔י אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְלֹ֖א נִחָֽמְתִּי׃ | For this is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘Just as I purposed to bring harm to you when your fathers provoked me to anger, says the Lord of hosts, and I did not repent, | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 8:15 | כֵּ֣ן שַׁ֤בְתִּי זָמַ֙מְתִּי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְהֵיטִ֥יב אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אַל־תִּירָֽאוּ׃ | so I have again purposed in these days to do good to Jerusalem and to the house of Judah; do not fear. | |
| Zech 8:16 | אֵ֥לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעֲשׂ֑וּ דַּבְּר֤וּ אֱמֶת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֱמֶת֙ וּמִשְׁפַּ֣ט שָׁל֔וֹם שִׁפְט֖וּ בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶֽם׃ | These are the things which you are to do: speak the truth, each one with his neighbour, and judge in your courts with truth and sound judgment. |
Eph 4:25.
courts ← gates. sound ← of peace, but with wider scope. |
| Zech 8:17 | וְאִ֣ישׁ ׀ אֶת־רָעַ֣ת רֵעֵ֗הוּ אַֽל־תַּחְשְׁבוּ֙ בִּלְבַבְכֶ֔ם וּשְׁבֻ֥עַת שֶׁ֖קֶר אַֽל־תֶּאֱהָ֑בוּ כִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵ֖אתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And don't let any of you plot harm in your hearts against his neighbour, and do not love a false oath, for all these things are what I hate, says the Lord.’ ” | hearts ← heart. |
| Zech 8:18 | וַיְהִ֛י דְּבַר־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord of hosts came to me and said, | came ← became. |
| Zech 8:19 | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת צ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֡י וְצ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי֩ וְצ֨וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י וְצ֣וֹם הָעֲשִׂירִ֗י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵית־יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂשׂ֣וֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּֽלְמֹעֲדִ֖ים טוֹבִ֑ים וְהָאֱמֶ֥ת וְהַשָּׁל֖וֹם אֱהָֽבוּ׃ פ | “This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth will be to the house of Judah for rejoicing, and for gladness, and for good festival times, so love truth and peace.’ | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 8:20 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת עֹ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָבֹ֣אוּ עַמִּ֔ים וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י עָרִ֥ים רַבּֽוֹת׃ | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘It will yet be that various peoples will come, and inhabitants of many cities, | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 8:21 | וְֽהָלְכ֡וּ יֹשְׁבֵי֩ אַחַ֨ת אֶל־אַחַ֜ת לֵאמֹ֗ר נֵלְכָ֤ה הָלוֹךְ֙ לְחַלּוֹת֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אֵלְכָ֖ה גַּם־אָֽנִי׃ | and the inhabitants of one city will go to another and say, «Let us without fail go to entreat the Lord and seek the Lord of hosts. I too will go.» |
without fail go: infinitive absolute.
entreat ← weaken the face. |
| Zech 8:22 | וּבָ֨אוּ עַמִּ֤ים רַבִּים֙ וְגוֹיִ֣ם עֲצוּמִ֔ים לְבַקֵּ֛שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּלְחַלּ֖וֹת אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And many peoples will come, and powerful nations, to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem, and to entreat the Lord.’ | entreat: see Zech 8:21. |
| Zech 8:23 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֒ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל לְשֹׁנ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְֽהֶחֱזִ֡יקוּ בִּכְנַף֩ אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדִ֜י לֵאמֹ֗ר נֵֽלְכָה֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים עִמָּכֶֽם׃ ס | This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘In those days what will happen is that ten men of all the languages of the Gentiles will take hold, namely they will take hold of the hem of the garment of a Jewish man and say, «Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.» ’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
namely: wider use of the vav. with you (2x): plural. |
| Zech 9:1 | מַשָּׂ֤א דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַדְרָ֔ךְ וְדַמֶּ֖שֶׂק מְנֻחָת֑וֹ כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ עֵ֣ין אָדָ֔ם וְכֹ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
The burden of the word of the Lord in the land of Hadrach And Damascus its resting place, For the Lord has an eye on mankind And on all the tribes of Israel, |
its: i.e. the burden's.
the Lord has an eye on (etc.): AV differs (when the eyes of man ... shall be towards the Lord), also possible. mankind ← man; Adam. Collective usage. |
| Zech 9:2 | וְגַם־חֲמָ֖ת תִּגְבָּל־בָּ֑הּ צֹ֣ר וְצִיד֔וֹן כִּ֥י חָֽכְמָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
And Hamath also, which borders on it, And Tyre, and Sidon, For it is very wise. |
Sidon: see Gen 10:15. |
| Zech 9:3 | וַתִּ֥בֶן צֹ֛ר מָצ֖וֹר לָ֑הּ וַתִּצְבָּר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ כֶּֽעָפָ֔ר וְחָר֖וּץ כְּטִ֥יט חוּצֽוֹת׃ |
And Tyre built itself a fortification, And it heaped up silver like dust, And fine gold like the mud of the streets. |
|
| Zech 9:4 | הִנֵּ֤ה אֲדֹנָי֙ יֽוֹרִשֶׁ֔נָּה וְהִכָּ֥ה בַיָּ֖ם חֵילָ֑הּ וְהִ֖יא בָּאֵ֥שׁ תֵּאָכֵֽל׃ |
The Lord* will take possession of it And cast its wealth into the sea, And it will be consumed by fire. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
cast ← strike; push. |
| Zech 9:5 | תֵּרֶ֨א אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וְתִירָ֗א וְעַזָּה֙ וְתָחִ֣יל מְאֹ֔ד וְעֶקְר֖וֹן כִּֽי־הֹבִ֣ישׁ מֶבָּטָ֑הּ וְאָ֤בַד מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֵֽעַזָּ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לֹ֥א תֵשֵֽׁב׃ |
And Ashkelon will see and be afraid, And Gaza will tremble greatly, And Ekron, for its expectation will be put to shame, And Gaza will lose its kingship, And Ashkelon will not be inhabited. |
Gaza will lose its kingship ← the king(ship) will perish from Gaza. |
| Zech 9:6 | וְיָשַׁ֥ב מַמְזֵ֖ר בְּאַשְׁדּ֑וֹד וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י גְּא֥וֹן פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ |
And he who is of mixed race will dwell in Ashdod, And I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. |
of mixed race: [CB], [DB-VPZ] p.295. Others and Talmud: child of adultery or incest, also as AV (bastard). So AV differs. |
| Zech 9:7 | וַהֲסִרֹתִ֨י דָמָ֜יו מִפִּ֗יו וְשִׁקֻּצָיו֙ מִבֵּ֣ין שִׁנָּ֔יו וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר גַּם־ה֖וּא לֵֽאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְהָיָה֙ כְּאַלֻּ֣ף בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְעֶקְר֖וֹן כִּיבוּסִֽי׃ |
And I will remove their blood sacrifices from their mouth, And their abominations from between their teeth, And he who remains will also belong to our God And will be like a chief in Judah, And Ekron will be as the Jebusite. |
their (4x) ← his. |
| Zech 9:8 | וְחָנִ֨יתִי לְבֵיתִ֤י מִצָּבָה֙ מֵעֹבֵ֣ר וּמִשָּׁ֔ב וְלֹֽא־יַעֲבֹ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם ע֖וֹד נֹגֵ֑שׂ כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְעֵינָֽי׃ ס |
And I will encamp my house at its station, Preventing anyone from passing through or returning, And the taskmaster will no longer pass through against them, For now I have seen with my eyes. |
at its station: as [AnLx]. AV differs (because of the army). |
| Zech 9:9 | גִּילִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד בַּת־צִיּ֗וֹן הָרִ֙יעִי֙ בַּ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה מַלְכֵּךְ֙ יָ֣בוֹא לָ֔ךְ צַדִּ֥יק וְנוֹשָׁ֖ע ה֑וּא עָנִי֙ וְרֹכֵ֣ב עַל־חֲמ֔וֹר וְעַל־עַ֖יִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנֽוֹת׃ |
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion, Shout out, O daughter of Jerusalem. Behold, your king is coming to you; He is righteous and saved. He is lowly, And riding on a donkey, And on a colt – The foal of an ass. |
Matt 21:5, John 12:15.
and saved: AV differs somewhat (having salvation). Theoretically possibly gerundival use of the participle, and (needing) to be saved, but at the time of the second coming of Christ (equally in view by the prophets), a ↴ ass ← she-asses, i.e. one of the she-asses. |
| Zech 9:10 | וְהִכְרַתִּי־רֶ֣כֶב מֵאֶפְרַ֗יִם וְסוּס֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנִכְרְתָה֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם לַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּמָשְׁלוֹ֙ מִיָּ֣ם עַד־יָ֔ם וּמִנָּהָ֖ר עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, And the horse from Jerusalem, And the bow of war will be cut off. And he will speak peace to the Gentiles, And his dominion will be from sea to sea, And from the river to the ends of the earth. |
↳ plain passive past participle is appropriate, saved. See [DB-VPZ] pp.307-308.
his dominion will be (etc.): compare Ps 72:8. the river: i.e., [DB-VPZ], the Euphrates. |
| Zech 9:11 | גַּם־אַ֣תְּ בְּדַם־בְּרִיתֵ֗ךְ שִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי אֲסִירַ֙יִךְ֙ מִבּ֔וֹר אֵ֥ין מַ֖יִם בּֽוֹ׃ |
As for you too, By the blood of your covenant, I have released your captives from the pit Which had no water in it. |
you: feminine singular, so daughter of Jerusalem.
which had no water in it: signifying Israel's captivity, but not death, [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 9:12 | שׁ֚וּבוּ לְבִצָּר֔וֹן אֲסִירֵ֖י הַתִּקְוָ֑ה גַּם־הַיּ֕וֹם מַגִּ֥יד מִשְׁנֶ֖ה אָשִׁ֥יב לָֽךְ׃ |
O captives of hope, Return to the fortress, For this very day I declare That I will restore double to you. |
|
| Zech 9:13 | כִּֽי־דָרַ֨כְתִּי לִ֜י יְהוּדָ֗ה קֶ֚שֶׁת מִלֵּ֣אתִי אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֤י בָנַ֙יִךְ֙ צִיּ֔וֹן עַל־בָּנַ֖יִךְ יָוָ֑ן וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךְ כְּחֶ֥רֶב גִּבּֽוֹר׃ |
For I have drawn Judah as my bow, And I have filled it with Ephraim. And I have awakened your sons, O Zion, Against your sons, O Greece, And I have made you like a warrior's sword. |
filled it with Ephraim: Ephraim is the arrow, attached to the bow.
Greece: or Javan. |
| Zech 9:14 | וַֽיהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יֵֽרָאֶ֔ה וְיָצָ֥א כַבָּרָ֖ק חִצּ֑וֹ וַֽאדֹנָ֤י יְהֹוִה֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֣ר יִתְקָ֔ע וְהָלַ֖ךְ בְּסַעֲר֥וֹת תֵּימָֽן׃ |
And the Lord will be seen against them, And his arrow will go out like lightning, And my Lord the Lord will sound the ramshorn, And he will go out in the tempests of the south. |
|
| Zech 9:15 | יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֮ יָגֵ֣ן עֲלֵיהֶם֒ וְאָכְל֗וּ וְכָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אַבְנֵי־קֶ֔לַע וְשָׁת֥וּ הָמ֖וּ כְּמוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּמָֽלְאוּ֙ כַּמִּזְרָ֔ק כְּזָוִיּ֖וֹת מִזְבֵּֽחַ׃ |
The Lord of hosts will protect them, And they will consume and subdue the sling stones, And they will drink and be boisterous as with wine, And they will be full, like a sacrificial bowl And as the corners of the altar. |
the sling stones: direct object, denoting the enemy [DB-VPZ] p.329. AV differs (with sling stones), as if Israel's instrument. |
| Zech 9:16 | וְֽהוֹשִׁיעָ֞ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּצֹ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ כִּ֚י אַבְנֵי־נֵ֔זֶר מִֽתְנוֹסְס֖וֹת עַל־אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord their God will save them on that day, As the flock of his people, For the gemstones of the diadem will be lifted up, As an ensign over his land. |
|
| Zech 9:17 | כִּ֥י מַה־טּוּב֖וֹ וּמַה־יָפְי֑וֹ דָּגָן֙ בַּֽחוּרִ֔ים וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יְנוֹבֵ֥ב בְּתֻלֽוֹת׃ |
For how great is his goodness and his beauty! Corn will make the youths flourish, And new wine the virgins. |
|
| Zech 10:1 | שַׁאֲל֨וּ מֵיְהוָ֤ה מָטָר֙ בְּעֵ֣ת מַלְק֔וֹשׁ יְהוָ֖ה עֹשֶׂ֣ה חֲזִיזִ֑ים וּמְטַר־גֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם לְאִ֖ישׁ עֵ֥שֶׂב בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ |
Ask for rain from the Lord In the time of the latter rain. The Lord makes lightning strikes And appoints them pouring rain For vegetables in the field for each person. |
pouring rain ← downpour of rain. |
| Zech 10:2 | כִּ֧י הַתְּרָפִ֣ים דִּבְּרוּ־אָ֗וֶן וְהַקּֽוֹסְמִים֙ חָ֣זוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַֽחֲלֹמוֹת֙ הַשָּׁ֣וא יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ הֶ֖בֶל יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן עַל־כֵּן֙ נָסְע֣וּ כְמוֹ־צֹ֔אן יַעֲנ֖וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין רֹעֶֽה׃ פ |
For the household gods speak vanity, And the diviners see lying visions And tell false dreams. They give empty comfort. That is why they move around like sheep And are afflicted, Because there is no shepherd. |
household gods ← teraphim. Compare Gen 31:19. |
| Zech 10:3 | עַל־הָֽרֹעִים֙ חָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְעַל־הָעַתּוּדִ֖ים אֶפְק֑וֹד כִּֽי־פָקַד֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֤וֹת אֶת־עֶדְרוֹ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה וְשָׂ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כְּס֥וּס הוֹד֖וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
“My anger was kindled against the shepherds, And I will visit the he-goats, For the Lord of hosts will visit his flock – The house of Judah – And he will make them like his majestic horse in war. |
his majestic horse ← the horse of his majesty, a Hebraic genitive. A restored people fit for the Lord to ride on [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 10:4 | מִמֶּ֤נּוּ פִנָּה֙ מִמֶּ֣נּוּ יָתֵ֔ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ קֶ֣שֶׁת מִלְחָמָ֑ה מִמֶּ֛נּוּ יֵצֵ֥א כָל־נוֹגֵ֖שׂ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
From him comes the cornerstone, From him comes the peg, From him comes the bow of war; From him every role of taskmaster converges together. |
the cornerstone: see Isa 28:16.
the peg: see Isa 22:22 - Isa 22:23. converges ← comes out. |
| Zech 10:5 | וְהָי֨וּ כְגִבֹּרִ֜ים בּוֹסִ֨ים בְּטִ֤יט חוּצוֹת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנִ֨לְחֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּ֑ם וְהֹבִ֖ישׁוּ רֹכְבֵ֥י סוּסִֽים׃ |
And they will be as warriors, Treading down in the mire of the streets in war, And they will fight, For the Lord will be with them, And they will put horseriders to shame. |
they will put horseriders to shame: AV differs somewhat (the riders on horses shall be confounded), also possible. |
| Zech 10:6 | וְגִבַּרְתִּ֣י ׀ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יוֹסֵף֙ אוֹשִׁ֔יעַ וְהֽוֹשְׁבוֹתִים֙ כִּ֣י רִֽחַמְתִּ֔ים וְהָי֖וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־זְנַחְתִּ֑ים כִּ֗י אֲנִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶעֱנֵֽם׃ |
And I will make the house of Judah strong, And I will save the house of Joseph, And I will give them a dwelling place. For I will have mercy on them, And they will be as if I had never thrust them away, For I am the Lord their God, And I will answer them. |
never ← not. |
| Zech 10:7 | וְהָי֤וּ כְגִבּוֹר֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְשָׂמַ֥ח לִבָּ֖ם כְּמוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּבְנֵיהֶם֙ יִרְא֣וּ וְשָׂמֵ֔חוּ יָגֵ֥ל לִבָּ֖ם בַּיהוָֽה׃ |
And Ephraim will be like a warrior, And their heart will be glad, as with wine, And their sons will see and be glad; Their heart will rejoice in the Lord. |
|
| Zech 10:8 | אֶשְׁרְקָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם וַאֲקַבְּצֵ֖ם כִּ֣י פְדִיתִ֑ים וְרָב֖וּ כְּמ֥וֹ רָבֽוּ׃ |
And I will whistle to them And gather them, For I will redeem them, And they will increase As they have previously increased. |
whistle: as a shepherd does, to gather his flock [DB-VPZ]. AV differs, to modern ears at least (hiss). |
| Zech 10:9 | וְאֶזְרָעֵם֙ בָּֽעַמִּ֔ים וּבַמֶּרְחַקִּ֖ים יִזְכְּר֑וּנִי וְחָי֥וּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם וָשָֽׁבוּ׃ |
And I will sow them among the nations, And in remote places they will remember me, And they will live with their sons, And they will return. |
|
| Zech 10:10 | וַהֲשִֽׁיבוֹתִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמֵֽאַשּׁ֖וּר אֲקַבְּצֵ֑ם וְאֶל־אֶ֨רֶץ גִּלְעָ֤ד וּלְבָנוֹן֙ אֲבִיאֵ֔ם וְלֹ֥א יִמָּצֵ֖א לָהֶֽם׃ |
And I will bring them from the land of Egypt, And from Assyria I will gather them, And I will bring them to Gilead and Lebanon, But the necessary room will not be found for them. |
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Zech 10:11 | וְעָבַ֨ר בַּיָּ֜ם צָרָ֗ה וְהִכָּ֤ה בַיָּם֙ גַּלִּ֔ים וְהֹבִ֕ישׁוּ כֹּ֖ל מְצוּל֣וֹת יְאֹ֑ר וְהוּרַד֙ גְּא֣וֹן אַשּׁ֔וּר וְשֵׁ֥בֶט מִצְרַ֖יִם יָסֽוּר׃ |
And with adversity he will pass over the sea, And he will strike the waves on the sea, And all the deep places of the river will become dry, And the pride of Assyria will be brought down, And the sceptre of Egypt will depart. |
the sea ... the river: i.e. the Red Sea ... the Nile [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 10:12 | וְגִבַּרְתִּים֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבִשְׁמ֖וֹ יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I will make them strong in the Lord, And they will walk about in his name, Says the Lord.” |
|
| Zech 11:1 | פְּתַ֥ח לְבָנ֖וֹן דְּלָתֶ֑יךָ וְתֹאכַ֥ל אֵ֖שׁ בַּאֲרָזֶֽיךָ׃ |
Open your doors, O Lebanon, And let fire devour your cedars. |
|
| Zech 11:2 | הֵילֵ֤ל בְּרוֹשׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָ֣פַל אֶ֔רֶז אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּרִ֖ים שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ אַלּוֹנֵ֣י בָשָׁ֔ן כִּ֥י יָרַ֖ד יַ֥עַר *הבצור **הַבָּצִֽיר׃ |
Howl, O cypress tree, For the cedar has fallen, For the mighty ones have been spoiled. Howl, O oaks of Bashan, For the inaccessible forest has come down. |
inaccessible: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. A vav / yod issue. |
| Zech 11:3 | ק֚וֹל יִֽלְלַ֣ת הָרֹעִ֔ים כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה אַדַּרְתָּ֑ם ק֚וֹל שַׁאֲגַ֣ת כְּפִירִ֔ים כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד גְּא֥וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ ס |
Hear the voice of howling of the shepherds, For their magnificence has been spoiled. Hear the voice of roaring of lions, For the excellency of the Jordan has been spoiled. |
spoiled ... spoiled: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Zech 11:4 | כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י רְעֵ֖ה אֶת־צֹ֥אן הַהֲרֵגָֽה׃ | This is what the Lord my God says: “Tend the flock of slaughter, | this is what ← thus. |
| Zech 11:5 | אֲשֶׁ֨ר קֹנֵיהֶ֤ן יַֽהֲרְגֻן֙ וְלֹ֣א יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ וּמֹכְרֵיהֶ֣ן יֹאמַ֔ר בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֖ה וַאעְשִׁ֑ר וְרֹ֣עֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יַחְמ֖וֹל עֲלֵיהֶֽן׃ | whose owners slaughter them, but they do not bear the guilt. And each of those who sell them says, ‘Blessed is the Lord, for I have gained riches.’ And their shepherds do not have compassion on them. | each of: from the singular verb with a plural subject. |
| Zech 11:6 | כִּ֠י לֹ֣א אֶחְמ֥וֹל ע֛וֹד עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַמְצִ֣יא אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם אִ֤ישׁ בְּיַד־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ וּבְיַ֣ד מַלְכּ֔וֹ וְכִתְּתוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א אַצִּ֖יל מִיָּדָֽם׃ | For I will no longer have compassion on the inhabitants of the land, says the Lord, and I am about to deliver up each man into the hand of his neighbour, and into the hand of his king. And enemies will strike the land, but I will not save them from their grip. |
I am about to ← behold, I.
grip ← hand. |
| Zech 11:7 | וָֽאֶרְעֶה֙ אֶת־צֹ֣אן הַֽהֲרֵגָ֔ה לָכֵ֖ן עֲנִיֵּ֣י הַצֹּ֑אן וָאֶקַּֽח־לִ֞י שְׁנֵ֣י מַקְל֗וֹת לְאַחַ֞ד קָרָ֤אתִי נֹ֙עַם֙ וּלְאַחַד֙ קָרָ֣אתִי חֹֽבְלִ֔ים וָאֶרְעֶ֖ה אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן׃ | And I tended the flock of slaughter, which is why, O oppressed ones of the flock, I took two rods. One I called Beauty, and the other I called Binders, and I tended the flock. | took ← got for myself. |
| Zech 11:8 | וָאַכְחִ֛ד אֶת־שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הָרֹעִ֖ים בְּיֶ֣רַח אֶחָ֑ד וַתִּקְצַ֤ר נַפְשִׁי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְגַם־נַפְשָׁ֖ם בָּחֲלָ֥ה בִֽי׃ | And I obliterated three shepherds in one month, for I was impatient with them, and also their whole being loathed me. |
I was impatient ← my soul was short.
whole being ← soul. |
| Zech 11:9 | וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹ֥א אֶרְעֶ֖ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם הַמֵּתָ֣ה תָמ֗וּת וְהַנִּכְחֶ֙דֶת֙ תִּכָּחֵ֔ד וְהַ֨נִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת תֹּאכַ֕לְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־בְּשַׂ֥ר רְעוּתָֽהּ׃ | And I said, ‘I will not tend you. Let her that is dying, die, and her that is being obliterated, be obliterated. And as for those who remain, let them eat each other's flesh.’ | |
| Zech 11:10 | וָאֶקַּ֤ח אֶת־מַקְלִי֙ אֶת־נֹ֔עַם וָאֶגְדַּ֖ע אֹת֑וֹ לְהָפֵיר֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖תִּי אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ | And I took my staff, Beauty, and I broke it asunder, to break my covenant which I made with all the nations. | |
| Zech 11:11 | וַתֻּפַ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֵּדְע֨וּ כֵ֜ן עֲנִיֵּ֤י הַצֹּאן֙ הַשֹּׁמְרִ֣ים אֹתִ֔י כִּ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃ | And it was broken on that day, and the oppressed of the flock who had regard for me knew this, for it was the word of the Lord. |
this ← thus.
for it was: or that it (was). |
| Zech 11:12 | וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם אִם־ט֧וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֛ם הָב֥וּ שְׂכָרִ֖י וְאִם־לֹ֣א ׀ חֲדָ֑לוּ וַיִּשְׁקְל֥וּ אֶת־שְׂכָרִ֖י שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים כָּֽסֶף׃ | And I said to them, ‘If it is good in your sight, give me my wages, and if not, then decline. And they weighed out my wages: thirty silver coins.’ ” | Matt 27:9. |
| Zech 11:13 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י הַשְׁלִיכֵ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הַיּוֹצֵ֔ר אֶ֣דֶר הַיְקָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָקַ֖רְתִּי מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וָֽאֶקְחָה֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים הַכֶּ֔סֶף וָאַשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֹת֛וֹ בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הַיּוֹצֵֽר׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter, the grand sum of the valuation at which I was valued by them.” So I took the thirty silver coins, and I threw them to the potter in the house of the Lord. |
Matt 27:9-10.
grand sum ← splendour of price. Ironic. Compensation for (fatal) injury to a servant; see Ex 21:32. |
| Zech 11:14 | וָֽאֶגְדַּע֙ אֶת־מַקְלִ֣י הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֵ֖ת הַחֹֽבְלִ֑ים לְהָפֵר֙ אֶת־הָֽאַחֲוָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Then I broke my second staff, Binders, to break the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. | |
| Zech 11:15 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י ע֣וֹד קַח־לְךָ֔ כְּלִ֖י רֹעֶ֥ה אֱוִלִֽי׃ | And the Lord said to me, “Get yourself a foolish shepherd's implement again. | |
| Zech 11:16 | כִּ֣י הִנֵּֽה־אָנֹכִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים רֹעֶ֜ה בָּאָ֗רֶץ הַנִּכְחָד֤וֹת לֹֽא־יִפְקֹד֙ הַנַּ֣עַר לֹֽא־יְבַקֵּ֔שׁ וְהַנִּשְׁבֶּ֖רֶת לֹ֣א יְרַפֵּ֑א הַנִּצָּבָה֙ לֹ֣א יְכַלְכֵּ֔ל וּבְשַׂ֤ר הַבְּרִיאָה֙ יֹאכַ֔ל וּפַרְסֵיהֶ֖ן יְפָרֵֽק׃ ס | For I am about to raise up a shepherd in the land. He will not take care of those who are being obliterated, he will not seek out that which has been driven out, he will not heal what is broken, he will not sustain what is still standing, but he will eat the meat of fatted calves and tear their hooves apart. |
I am about to ← behold, I.
that which has been driven out: AV differs (the young one), taking a homonymous root. but: adversative use of the vav. fatted calves ← a fatted calf. |
| Zech 11:17 | ה֣וֹי רֹעִ֤י הָֽאֱלִיל֙ עֹזְבִ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן חֶ֥רֶב עַל־זְרוֹע֖וֹ וְעַל־עֵ֣ין יְמִינ֑וֹ זְרֹעוֹ֙ יָב֣וֹשׁ תִּיבָ֔שׁ וְעֵ֥ין יְמִינ֖וֹ כָּהֹ֥ה תִכְהֶֽה׃ ס |
Woe to the vain shepherd, Who abandons the flock. Let a sword be against his arm And against his right eye. His arm will completely waste away, And his right eye will become utterly dim.” |
completely waste away ← completely dry up. Infinitive absolute.
become utterly dim: infinitive absolute. |
| Zech 12:1 | מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹצֵ֥ר רֽוּחַ־אָדָ֖ם בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ פ | The burden of the word of the Lord concerning Israel, says the Lord, who stretches out the heavens and is the founder of the earth, and who forms the spirit of man inside him. | |
| Zech 12:2 | הִנֵּ֣ה אָ֠נֹכִי שָׂ֣ם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֧ם סַף־רַ֛עַל לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֖ים סָבִ֑יב וְגַ֧ם עַל־יְהוּדָ֛ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה בַמָּצ֖וֹר עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | “I am about to make Jerusalem a cup of reeling to all the various peoples round about, and it will also be so concerning Judah, in the siege against Jerusalem. | I am about to ← behold, I. |
| Zech 12:3 | וְהָיָ֣ה בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא אָשִׂ֨ים אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אֶ֤בֶן מַֽעֲמָסָה֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כָּל־עֹמְסֶ֖יהָ שָׂר֣וֹט יִשָּׂרֵ֑טוּ וְנֶאֶסְפ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone to all the various peoples. All who lift it will be utterly cut in pieces, even if all the nations of the earth are gathered against it. |
burdensome stone ← stone of burden, a Hebraic genitive.
utterly cut in pieces: infinitive absolute. even if: concessive conditional use of the vav. |
| Zech 12:4 | בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אַכֶּ֤ה כָל־סוּס֙ בַּתִּמָּה֔וֹן וְרֹכְב֖וֹ בַּשִּׁגָּע֑וֹן וְעַל־בֵּ֤ית יְהוּדָה֙ אֶפְקַ֣ח אֶת־עֵינַ֔י וְכֹל֙ ס֣וּס הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַכֶּ֖ה בַּֽעִוָּרֽוֹן׃ | On that day, says the Lord, I will strike every horse with astonishment, and its rider with madness, and I will open my eyes on the house of Judah, and I will strike every horse of the Gentiles with blindness. | Gentiles ← peoples. |
| Zech 12:5 | וְאָֽמְר֛וּ אַלֻּפֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּלִבָּ֑ם אַמְצָ֥ה לִי֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם בַּיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the governors of Judah will say in their hearts, ‘The inhabitants of Jerusalem are my strength, through the Lord of hosts their God.’ | hearts ← heart. |
| Zech 12:6 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא אָשִׂים֩ אֶת־אַלֻּפֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֜ה כְּֽכִיּ֧וֹר אֵ֣שׁ בְּעֵצִ֗ים וּכְלַפִּ֥יד אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָמִ֔יר וְאָ֨כְל֜וּ עַל־יָמִ֧ין וְעַל־שְׂמֹ֛אול אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֖ים סָבִ֑יב וְיָשְׁבָ֨ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֥ם ע֛וֹד תַּחְתֶּ֖יהָ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | On that day I will make the governors of Judah like a brazier of fire with wood, and as a torch of fire in a sheaf, and they will consume to the right and to the left all the various peoples round about, and Jerusalem will yet be inhabited in its place, in Jerusalem. | |
| Zech 12:7 | וְהוֹשִׁ֧יעַ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־אָהֳלֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה לְמַ֨עַן לֹֽא־תִגְדַּ֜ל תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת בֵּית־דָּוִ֗יד וְתִפְאֶ֛רֶת יֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the Lord will save the tents of Judah first, in order that the splendour of the house of David, and the splendour of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, should not become greater than that of Judah. | inhabitants ← inhabitant, i.e. population. |
| Zech 12:8 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יָגֵ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּעַד֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהָיָ֞ה הַנִּכְשָׁ֥ל בָּהֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּדָוִ֑יד וּבֵ֤ית דָּוִיד֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים כְּמַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | On that day, the Lord will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and even he among them who stumbles will be on that day like David, and the house of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord in front of them. | inhabitants: see Zech 12:7. |
| Zech 12:9 | וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֲבַקֵּ֗שׁ לְהַשְׁמִיד֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַבָּאִ֖ים עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that I will strive to destroy all the nations which come against Jerusalem. | |
| Zech 12:10 | וְשָׁפַכְתִּי֩ עַל־בֵּ֨ית דָּוִ֜יד וְעַ֣ל ׀ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים וְהִבִּ֥יטוּ אֵלַ֖י אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָ֑רוּ וְסָפְד֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ עַל־הַיָּחִ֔יד וְהָמֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו כְּהָמֵ֥ר עַֽל־הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ | And I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplications, and they will look on me whom they pierced, and they will mourn for him as the mourning for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over him, as one weeps bitterly for a firstborn son. |
John 19:37, Rev 1:7.
inhabitants: see Zech 12:7. they will weep bitterly: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Zech 12:11 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִגְדַּ֤ל הַמִּסְפֵּד֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כְּמִסְפַּ֥ד הֲדַדְ־רִמּ֖וֹן בְּבִקְעַ֥ת מְגִדּֽוֹן׃ | On that day the mourning in Jerusalem will be great, as the mourning of Hadad-Rimmon, in the Valley of Megiddon. | Megiddon: elsewhere the word is Megiddo (מְגִדּוֹ). |
| Zech 12:12 | וְסָפְדָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּח֖וֹת לְבָ֑ד מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת בֵּית־דָּוִ֤יד לְבָד֙ וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם לְבָ֔ד מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת בֵּית־נָתָן֙ לְבָ֔ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָֽד׃ | And the land will mourn, each family apart – the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart, and the family of the house of Nathan apart, and their wives apart, |
Matt 24:30.
each family ← families (and) families. Nathan: see 2 Sam 5:14 and Luke 3:31, representing the royal line. |
| Zech 12:13 | מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת בֵּית־לֵוִי֙ לְבָ֔ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָ֑ד מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַשִּׁמְעִי֙ לְבָ֔ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָֽד׃ | the family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart, the family of Shimei apart, and their wives apart, | Shimei: see Num 3:18, representing the priestly line. |
| Zech 12:14 | כֹּ֗ל הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת֙ הַנִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֥ת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָֽד׃ ס | and all the families that remain, each family apart, and their wives apart. | each family ← families (and) families. |
| Zech 13:1 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ מָק֣וֹר נִפְתָּ֔ח לְבֵ֥ית דָּוִ֖יד וּלְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְחַטַּ֖את וּלְנִדָּֽה׃ | On that day a fountain will be opened for the house of David, and for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, for sin and for uncleanness. |
Alluded to in John 7:38.
for sin and for uncleanness: i.e. as a means for removal of sin and uncleanness [DB-VPZ]. |
| Zech 13:2 | וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻ֣ם ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת אַכְרִ֞ית אֶת־שְׁמ֤וֹת הָֽעֲצַבִּים֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יִזָּכְר֖וּ ע֑וֹד וְגַ֧ם אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֛ים וְאֶת־ר֥וּחַ הַטֻּמְאָ֖ה אַעֲבִ֥יר מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And it will come to pass on that day, says the Lord of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols from the land, and they will not be remembered any more. And I will also remove the prophets and the unclean spirit from the land. |
prophets: i.e. false prophets.
unclean spirit ← spirit of uncleanness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Zech 13:3 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יִנָּבֵ֣א אִישׁ֮ עוֹד֒ וְאָמְר֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו אָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֤וֹ יֹֽלְדָיו֙ לֹ֣א תִֽחְיֶ֔ה כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וּדְקָרֻ֜הוּ אָבִ֧יהוּ וְאִמּ֛וֹ יֹלְדָ֖יו בְּהִנָּבְאֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass, if a man still prophesies, that his father and his mother who gave him birth will say to him, ‘You shall not live, because you have spoken falsely in the name of the Lord.’ And his father and his mother who gave him birth will thrust him through when he prophesies. | falsely ← falsehood. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Zech 13:4 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יֵבֹ֧שׁוּ הַנְּבִיאִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנ֖וֹ בְּהִנָּֽבְאֹת֑וֹ וְלֹ֧א יִלְבְּשׁ֛וּ אַדֶּ֥רֶת שֵׂעָ֖ר לְמַ֥עַן כַּחֵֽשׁ׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that the prophets will be put to shame, each one because of his vision when he prophesies, and they will not wear a hairy cloak in order to deceive. | |
| Zech 13:5 | וְאָמַ֕ר לֹ֥א נָבִ֖יא אָנֹ֑כִי אִישׁ־עֹבֵ֤ד אֲדָמָה֙ אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אָדָ֖ם הִקְנַ֥נִי מִנְּעוּרָֽי׃ | And he will say, ‘I am not a prophet; I am a tiller of the ground, for a man has employed me for this from my youth.’ | has employed: perhaps bought, but that is a one-off transaction sitting uncomfortably with from my youth. |
| Zech 13:6 | וְאָמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו מָ֧ה הַמַּכּ֛וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה בֵּ֣ין יָדֶ֑יךָ וְאָמַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֻכֵּ֖יתִי בֵּ֥ית מְאַהֲבָֽי׃ ס | Now someone will say to him, ‘What are these wounds on your hands?’ And he will say, ‘They are those with which I was struck by the house of my friends.’ | wounds: [CB] and AV refer these to the resurrected Christ; [DB-VPZ] considers them self-inflicted or in connection with idolatrous rites. Reference to Christ fits the succeeding verses; reference to idolatrous prophets fits the preceding context. |
| Zech 13:7 | חֶ֗רֶב עוּרִ֤י עַל־רֹעִי֙ וְעַל־גֶּ֣בֶר עֲמִיתִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת הַ֤ךְ אֶת־הָֽרֹעֶה֙ וּתְפוּצֶ֣יןָ הַצֹּ֔אן וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י יָדִ֖י עַל־הַצֹּעֲרִֽים׃ |
O sword, awake against my shepherd And against the man who is my colleague, Says the Lord of hosts. Strike the shepherd, And let the sheep be scattered, And I will turn my hand to those who are little. |
Matt 26:31, Mark 14:27. |
| Zech 13:8 | וְהָיָ֤ה בְכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה פִּֽי־שְׁנַ֣יִם בָּ֔הּ יִכָּרְת֖וּ יִגְוָ֑עוּ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית יִוָּ֥תֶר בָּֽהּ׃ |
And it will come to pass in the whole land, Says the Lord, That two thirds of it will be cut off and die, And the third part will remain in it. |
two thirds ← a mouth of two, an idiom for two parts, and here two thirds. |
| Zech 13:9 | וְהֵבֵאתִ֤י אֶת־הַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וּצְרַפְתִּים֙ כִּצְרֹ֣ף אֶת־הַכֶּ֔סֶף וּבְחַנְתִּ֖ים כִּבְחֹ֣ן אֶת־הַזָּהָ֑ב ה֣וּא ׀ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֗י וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֶעֱנֶ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ עַמִּ֣י ה֔וּא וְה֥וּא יֹאמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ ס |
And I will bring the third part into the fire, And I will refine them as a refiner of silver, And I will assay them as in assaying gold. They will call on my name, And I will answer them. I will say, ‘They are my people’, And they will say, ‘The Lord is my God.’ |
in assaying: gerundial use of the infinitive.
they ... them ... they ... they ← he ...him ... he ... he, referring to the people. |
| Zech 14:1 | הִנֵּ֥ה יֽוֹם־בָּ֖א לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְחֻלַּ֥ק שְׁלָלֵ֖ךְ בְּקִרְבֵּֽךְ׃ | Behold, the day of the Lord is coming, and your spoil will be divided in your midst. |
Rev 1:10.
your midst: reference to Jerusalem. |
| Zech 14:2 | וְאָסַפְתִּ֨י אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ אֶֽל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם֮ לַמִּלְחָמָה֒ וְנִלְכְּדָ֣ה הָעִ֗יר וְנָשַׁ֙סּוּ֙ הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַ֑בְנָה וְיָצָ֞א חֲצִ֤י הָעִיר֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֔ה וְיֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם לֹ֥א יִכָּרֵ֖ת מִן־הָעִֽיר׃ | And I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to war, and the city will be captured, and the houses will be plundered, and the women raped. And half of the city will be deported, but the rest of the people will not be cut off from the city. |
raped: the Masoretes considered the ketiv obscene and replaced it by a more polite word, to be lain, an unusual passive (in Hebrew and English) of a normally intransitive verb. Compare Deut 28:30.
be deported ← go into exile. |
| Zech 14:3 | וְיָצָ֣א יְהוָ֔ה וְנִלְחַ֖ם בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָהֵ֑ם כְּי֥וֹם הִֽלָּחֲמ֖ו בְּי֥וֹם קְרָֽב׃ | Then the Lord will go out and fight against those nations, as on the day when he fought – on the day of battle. | |
| Zech 14:4 | וְעָמְד֣וּ רַגְלָ֣יו בַּיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא עַל־הַ֨ר הַזֵּתִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַם֮ מִקֶּדֶם֒ וְנִבְקַע֩ הַ֨ר הַזֵּיתִ֤ים מֵֽחֶצְיוֹ֙ מִזְרָ֣חָה וָיָ֔מָּה גֵּ֖יא גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וּמָ֨שׁ חֲצִ֥י הָהָ֛ר צָפ֖וֹנָה וְחֶצְיוֹ־נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And on that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem to the east, and the Mount of Olives will be split in half, eastwards and westwards, and there will be a very big valley, and half of the mountain will move northwards, and half of it southwards. | |
| Zech 14:5 | וְנַסְתֶּ֣ם גֵּֽיא־הָרַ֗י כִּֽי־יַגִּ֣יעַ גֵּי־הָרִים֮ אֶל־אָצַל֒ וְנַסְתֶּ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נַסְתֶּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרַ֔עַשׁ בִּימֵ֖י עֻזִּיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבָא֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔י כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃ | And you will flee to the valley of my mountains, for the valley of the mountains will reach Azal, and you will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and the Lord my God will come. All the holy ones will be with you. | |
| Zech 14:6 | וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה א֔וֹר יְקָר֖וֹת *יקפאון **וְקִפָּאֽוֹן׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that there will be no {K: light; the prized lights will wane} [Q: prized lights or congelation]. |
wane (ketiv) ← congeal, freeze. A vav / yod issue. AV differs (not be dark).
prized lights: i.e. the sun, moon, and stars. |
| Zech 14:7 | וְהָיָ֣ה יוֹם־אֶחָ֗ד ה֛וּא יִוָּדַ֥ע לַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹא־י֣וֹם וְלֹא־לָ֑יְלָה וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵֽת־עֶ֖רֶב יִֽהְיֶה־אֽוֹר׃ | And it will come to pass on a certain day – it is known to the Lord – that there will be no day and no night. Then it will come to pass in the evening that there will be light. |
Rev 1:10.
a certain ← one. |
| Zech 14:8 | וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יֵצְא֤וּ מַֽיִם־חַיִּים֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם חֶצְיָ֗ם אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֔י וְחֶצְיָ֖ם אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַחֲר֑וֹן בַּקַּ֥יִץ וּבָחֹ֖רֶף יִֽהְיֶֽה׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that living water will go out from Jerusalem, half of it to the eastern sea and half of it to the western sea. This will be in summer and in winter. |
Alluded to in John 7:38, Rev 22:1.
eastern ← early, i.e. the direction of the sun early in the day. The Dead (Sea). western ← last, i.e. the direction of the sun late in the day. The Mediterranean (Sea). |
| Zech 14:9 | וְהָיָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִהְיֶ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶחָ֖ד וּשְׁמ֥וֹ אֶחָֽד׃ | And the Lord will be king over all the earth; on that day, the Lord will be one, and his name one. | the Lord will be one: or there will be one Lord. |
| Zech 14:10 | יִסּ֨וֹב כָּל־הָאָ֤רֶץ כָּעֲרָבָה֙ מִגֶּ֣בַע לְרִמּ֔וֹן נֶ֖גֶב יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְֽרָאֲמָה֩ וְיָשְׁבָ֨ה תַחְתֶּ֜יהָ לְמִשַּׁ֣עַר בִּנְיָמִ֗ן עַד־מְק֞וֹם שַׁ֤עַר הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ עַד־שַׁ֣עַר הַפִּנִּ֔ים וּמִגְדַּ֣ל חֲנַנְאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד יִקְבֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | All the land will be changed to like the arid tract from Geba to Rimmon, south of Jerusalem. Then it will be lifted up high, and it will be inhabited in its place, from Benjamin's Gate to the place of the first gate – to the Corner Gate – and from the Tower of Hananel to the king's wine vats. |
the arid tract: according to [DB-VPZ] it is a place, Arabah, a name for the Jordan Valley.
Corner Gate ← Corners Gate. Hananel: see Jer 31:38. |
| Zech 14:11 | וְיָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ וְחֵ֖רֶם לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה־ע֑וֹד וְיָשְׁבָ֥ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לָבֶֽטַח׃ | And they will dwell in it, and there will be no more destruction, and Jerusalem will be inhabited securely. | |
| Zech 14:12 | וְזֹ֣את ׀ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה הַמַּגֵּפָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צָבְא֖וּ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הָמֵ֣ק ׀ בְּשָׂר֗וֹ וְהוּא֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְעֵינָיו֙ תִּמַּ֣קְנָה בְחֹֽרֵיהֶ֔ן וּלְשׁוֹנ֖וֹ תִּמַּ֥ק בְּפִיהֶֽם׃ | And this will be the way of striking in which the Lord will strike all the various peoples who made war against Jerusalem: he will cause their flesh to melt away while they are standing on their feet, and their eyes will melt in their sockets, and their tongue will melt away in their mouth. | their flesh ... they are standing on their feet ← his flesh ... he is standing on his feet. Also elsewhere in this verse, but finally the Hebrew is their mouth. The use of the singular emphasizes that each one will undergo the fate. |
| Zech 14:13 | וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תִּֽהְיֶ֧ה מְהֽוּמַת־יְהוָ֛ה רַבָּ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם וְהֶחֱזִ֗יקוּ אִ֚ישׁ יַ֣ד רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְעָלְתָ֥ה יָד֖וֹ עַל־יַ֥ד רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ | And it will come to pass on that day that there will be a great commotion among them from the Lord, and each one will seize the hand of his neighbour, and his hand will rise against the hand of his neighbour. | from the Lord ← of the Lord. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Zech 14:14 | וְגַ֨ם־יְהוּדָ֔ה תִּלָּחֵ֖ם בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאֻסַּף֩ חֵ֨יל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֜ם סָבִ֗יב זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֛סֶף וּבְגָדִ֖ים לָרֹ֥ב מְאֹֽד׃ | And Judah will also fight in Jerusalem, and the wealth of all the Gentiles round about will be gathered – gold and silver and clothes, in great abundance. | |
| Zech 14:15 | וְכֵ֨ן תִּֽהְיֶ֜ה מַגֵּפַ֣ת הַסּ֗וּס הַפֶּ֙רֶד֙ הַגָּמָ֣ל וְהַחֲמ֔וֹר וְכָ֨ל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּמַּחֲנ֣וֹת הָהֵ֑מָּה כַּמַּגֵּפָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And that is the way that the striking of the horse, the mule, the camel and the donkey, and all cattle will be, which will be in those camps: it will be according to that way of striking. |
that is the way that ← thus.
that way of ← this (way of). |
| Zech 14:16 | וְהָיָ֗ה כָּל־הַנּוֹתָר֙ מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַבָּאִ֖ים עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָל֞וּ מִדֵּ֧י שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֗ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺת֙ לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְלָחֹ֖ג אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ | And it will come to pass that all the remainder of all the Gentiles who came against Jerusalem will go up from year to year, to worship the king, the Lord of hosts, and to celebrate the Festival of Tabernacles. | came against ← come against (participle), as in Zech 12:9, but just possibly here come to, in a peaceful way after removal of the enemies. |
| Zech 14:17 | וְ֠הָיָה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֜ה מֵאֵ֨ת מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לְמֶ֖לֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְלֹ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יִהְיֶ֥ה הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ | And it will come to pass that concerning any representative from the families of the earth who does not go up to Jerusalem to worship the king, the Lord of hosts, there will be no rain on them. | |
| Zech 14:18 | וְאִם־מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת מִצְרַ֧יִם לֹֽא־תַעֲלֶ֛ה וְלֹ֥א בָאָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה הַמַּגֵּפָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יַֽעֲל֔וּ לָחֹ֖ג אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ | And if the family of Egypt does not go up, and it does not come, then there will be no rain on them; that will be the way of striking with which the Lord will strike the Gentiles who do not go up to celebrate the Festival of Tabernacles. | |
| Zech 14:19 | זֹ֥את תִּהְיֶ֖ה חַטַּ֣את מִצְרָ֑יִם וְחַטַּאת֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יַֽעֲל֔וּ לָחֹ֖ג אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ | That will be the punishment for the sin of Egypt, and the punishment for the sin of all the Gentiles who do not go up to celebrate the Festival of Tabernacles. | that ← this. |
| Zech 14:20 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ עַל־מְצִלּ֣וֹת הַסּ֔וּס קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֤ה הַסִּירוֹת֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה כַּמִּזְרָקִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ | On that day there will be written on the bells of a horse, ‘Holiness to the Lord’. And the pans in the house of the Lord will be as basins before the altar. | a horse ← the horse. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Zech 14:21 | וְ֠הָיָה כָּל־סִ֨יר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם וּבִֽיהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֚דֶשׁ לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבָ֙אוּ֙ כָּל־הַזֹּ֣בְחִ֔ים וְלָקְח֥וּ מֵהֶ֖ם וּבִשְּׁל֣וּ בָהֶ֑ם וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֨ה כְנַעֲנִ֥י ע֛וֹד בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ | And every pan in Jerusalem and in Judah will be holy to the Lord of hosts, and all those who sacrifice will come and will take some of them, and they will cook in them. And there will not be any Canaanite any longer in the house of the Lord of hosts, on that day.” |
holy ← holiness.
Canaanite: or merchant. |
| Mal 1:1 | מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּיַ֖ד מַלְאָכִֽי׃ | The burden of the word of the Lord to Israel through the intermediacy of Malachi. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Mal 1:2 | אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑נוּ הֲלוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃ | “I have loved you, says the Lord, but you say, ‘In what way have you loved us?’ Was not Esau Jacob's brother? says the Lord, and I loved Jacob, | Rom 9:13. |
| Mal 1:3 | וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃ | but I hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation, and I have given his inheritance to the desert jackals. | Rom 9:13. |
| Mal 1:4 | כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ וְנָשׁוּב֙ וְנִבְנֶ֣ה חֳרָב֔וֹת כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הֵ֥מָּה יִבְנ֖וּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס וְקָרְא֤וּ לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה וְהָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־זָעַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | For Edom says, ‘We have been broken in pieces, but we will build up the waste places again.’ This is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘They may build, but I will pull down, and they will call them the Wicked Territory, and the People with whom the Lord has an Age-abiding Indignation. |
this is what ← thus.
territory ← border. |
| Mal 1:5 | וְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה וְאַתֶּ֤ם תֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לִגְב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And your eyes will see, and you will say, «May the Lord be magnified above the territory of Israel.» | territory ← border. |
| Mal 1:6 | בֵּ֛ן יְכַבֵּ֥ד אָ֖ב וְעֶ֣בֶד אֲדֹנָ֑יו וְאִם־אָ֣ב אָ֣נִי אַיֵּ֣ה כְבוֹדִ֡י וְאִם־אֲדוֹנִ֣ים אָנִי֩ אַיֵּ֨ה מוֹרָאִ֜י אָמַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת לָכֶם֙ הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ בּוֹזֵ֣י שְׁמִ֔י וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם בַּמֶּ֥ה בָזִ֖ינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | A son honours his father, and a servant his master, so if I am a father, where is my honour? And if I am a master, where is my fear? The Lord of hosts says to you, «The priests despise my name.» Yet you say, «In what way do we despise your name?» | my fear: an objective genitive (they fear me). |
| Mal 1:7 | מַגִּישִׁ֤ים עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִי֙ לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּךָ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ | You offer polluted bread on the altar, but you say, «In what way do we pollute you?» In that you say, «The table of the Lord is despicable.» | |
| Mal 1:8 | וְכִֽי־תַגִּשׁ֨וּן עִוֵּ֤ר לִזְבֹּ֙חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע וְכִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְחֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע הַקְרִיבֵ֨הוּ נָ֜א לְפֶחָתֶ֗ךָ הֲיִּרְצְךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲיִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔יךָ אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And when you offer a blind animal to be sacrificed, is it not wrong? And when you offer a lame or sick animal, is it not wrong? Offer it now to your governor and see if he is pleased with you, or if he commends you, says the Lord of hosts.’ ” |
to be sacrificed ← to sacrifice (it).
offer it now to your governor: i.e. give it as a live gift. commends you ← raises your face. |
| Mal 1:9 | וְעַתָּ֛ה חַלּוּ־נָ֥א פְנֵי־אֵ֖ל וִֽיחָנֵ֑נוּ מִיֶּדְכֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את הֲיִשָּׂ֤א מִכֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And now, entreat God, I pray you, that he be gracious to us. This has come about because of your deeds. “Will he commend any of you? says the Lord of hosts. |
entreat ← weaken the face.
deeds ← hands. commend ← raise the face. |
| Mal 1:10 | מִ֤י גַם־בָּכֶם֙ וְיִסְגֹּ֣ר דְּלָתַ֔יִם וְלֹֽא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖י חִנָּ֑ם אֵֽין־לִ֨י חֵ֜פֶץ בָּכֶ֗ם אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּמִנְחָ֖ה לֹֽא־אֶרְצֶ֥ה מִיֶּדְכֶֽם׃ | Who among you would close the doors? And you do not kindle my altar freely. I have no pleasure in you, says the Lord of hosts, and I will not accept an offering from your hands. |
among you: i.e., [CB], among you priests.
doors: i.e. temple doors, to stop the profaning. freely: apparently charging customers to offer their sacrifice. |
| Mal 1:11 | כִּ֣י מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְעַד־מְבוֹא֗וֹ גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִי֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וּבְכָל־מָק֗וֹם מֻקְטָ֥ר מֻגָּ֛שׁ לִשְׁמִ֖י וּמִנְחָ֣ה טְהוֹרָ֑ה כִּֽי־גָד֤וֹל שְׁמִי֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | For my name is great among the Gentiles from the rising of the sun to where it sets, and in every place incense is burnt and offered to my name, and a pure offering, for my name is great among the Gentiles, says the Lord of hosts. | AV differs, supplying the verb to be in the future throughout. That makes sense, but Hebrew normally uses an explicit verbal form for specific future events. We take Mal 1:12 as a contrast to this verse, so also in the present tense (AV differs, past tense). |
| Mal 1:12 | וְאַתֶּ֖ם מְחַלְּלִ֣ים אוֹת֑וֹ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶ֗ם שֻׁלְחַ֤ן אֲדֹנָי֙ מְגֹאָ֣ל ה֔וּא וְנִיב֖וֹ נִבְזֶ֥ה אָכְלֽוֹ׃ | But you profane it when you say, ‘The table of the Lord* is polluted, and its produce, its fruit, is despicable.’ |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
you profane: present participle. AV differs (have profaned); see Mal 1:11. |
| Mal 1:13 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּם֩ הִנֵּ֨ה מַתְּלָאָ֜ה וְהִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹת֗וֹ אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וַהֲבֵאתֶ֣ם גָּז֗וּל וְאֶת־הַפִּסֵּ֙חַ֙ וְאֶת־הַ֣חוֹלֶ֔ה וַהֲבֵאתֶ֖ם אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֑ה הַאֶרְצֶ֥ה אוֹתָ֛הּ מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And you said, ‘Look how wearisome it is’, and you {P: disparaged me} [M: deprecated it], says the Lord of hosts, and you brought snatched animals, and lame ones, and sick ones, and you brought them as an offering. Should I be pleased with that from your hand? says the Lord. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33, and amend Mal 1:12. P= אוֹתִי. AV differs.
how wearisome ← what weariness. |
| Mal 1:14 | וְאָר֣וּר נוֹכֵ֗ל וְיֵ֤שׁ בְּעֶדְרוֹ֙ זָכָ֔ר וְנֹדֵ֛ר וְזֹבֵ֥חַ מָשְׁחָ֖ת לַֽאדֹנָ֑י כִּי֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ גָּד֜וֹל אָ֗נִי אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּשְׁמִ֖י נוֹרָ֥א בַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | But cursed be he who fraudulently withholds, when there is a male in his flock, and he vows, and he sacrifices a spoiled animal to the Lord*, for I am a great king, says the Lord of hosts, and my name is feared among the Gentiles. | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Mal 2:1 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הַמִּצְוָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | And now, this commandment is for you, O priests. | |
| Mal 2:2 | אִם־לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֡וּ וְאִם־לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל־לֵ֜ב לָתֵ֧ת כָּב֣וֹד לִשְׁמִ֗י אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י בָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַמְּאֵרָ֔ה וְאָרוֹתִ֖י אֶת־בִּרְכֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְגַם֙ אָרוֹתִ֔יהָ כִּ֥י אֵינְכֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב׃ | And if you do not listen, and if you do not lay it to heart, to give honour to my name, says the Lord of hosts, then I will send the curse on you, and I will curse your blessings. And indeed, I have already cursed them, for you are not laying this to heart. |
the curse: of Deut 28:20.
them ← it. |
| Mal 2:3 | הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו׃ | I am about to rebuke your seed, and I will spread dung on your faces – the dung of your feasts – and you will be taken away to it. |
I am about to ← behold me.
rebuke: AV differs (corrupt). you will be taken away to it ← he / one will take you away to it, i.e. to ↴ |
| Mal 2:4 | וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֚י שִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את לִֽהְי֤וֹת בְּרִיתִי֙ אֶת־לֵוִ֔י אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And you will know that I have sent this commandment to you, that my covenant may be with Levi, says the Lord of hosts. | ↳ the foul place where animal dung and waste was deposited. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Mal 2:5 | בְּרִיתִ֣י ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗וֹ הַֽחַיִּים֙ וְהַ֨שָּׁל֔וֹם וָאֶתְּנֵֽם־ל֥וֹ מוֹרָ֖א וַיִּֽירָאֵ֑נִי וּמִפְּנֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י נִחַ֥ת הֽוּא׃ | My covenant was with him, life and peace, and I gave them to him as a matter of fear, so that he would fear me, and so that he would be put in awe, on account of my name. | him: i.e. Levi. |
| Mal 2:6 | תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּפִ֔יהוּ וְעַוְלָ֖ה לֹא־נִמְצָ֣א בִשְׂפָתָ֑יו בְּשָׁל֤וֹם וּבְמִישׁוֹר֙ הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔י וְרַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵעָוֺֽן׃ | There was a law of truth in his mouth, and injustice was not found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and equity, and he recovered many from iniquity. | |
| Mal 2:7 | כִּֽי־שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ־דַ֔עַת וְתוֹרָ֖ה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ מִפִּ֑יהוּ כִּ֛י מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָֽה־צְבָא֖וֹת הֽוּא׃ | For the lips of a priest should guard knowledge, and they should seek the law from his pronouncements, for he is the messenger from the Lord of hosts. | pronouncements ← mouth. |
| Mal 2:8 | וְאַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה שִֽׁחַתֶּם֙ בְּרִ֣ית הַלֵּוִ֔י אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | But you have departed from the way, you have caused many to stumble in the law, and you have perverted the covenant of Levi, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Mal 2:9 | וְגַם־אֲנִ֞י נָתַ֧תִּי אֶתְכֶ֛ם נִבְזִ֥ים וּשְׁפָלִ֖ים לְכָל־הָעָ֑ם כְּפִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵֽינְכֶם֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים אֶת־דְּרָכַ֔י וְנֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים בַּתּוֹרָֽה׃ פ | So I too will make you despised and lowly regarded by all the people, according as you do not guard my ways, and you show partiality in administering the law. | |
| Mal 2:10 | הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | Do we not all have one father? Did not one God create us? Why do we deal faithlessly one to his brother, so violating the covenant of our fathers? | |
| Mal 2:11 | בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃ | Judah has been treacherous, and an abomination has been perpetrated in Israel and in Jerusalem, for Judah has profaned the Lord's holiness, in that he loved and married the daughter of a strange god. |
holiness: or sanctuary.
in that he loved: AV differs in word grouping, as does MT (the holiness of the LORD which he loved), also possible. |
| Mal 2:12 | יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַעֲשֶׂ֙נָּה֙ עֵ֣ר וְעֹנֶ֔ה מֵאָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וּמַגִּ֣ישׁ מִנְחָ֔ה לַֽיהוָ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ | May the Lord cut off any man who does this, whether on guard or whether answering a watchword challenge from the tents of Jacob, even if he brings an offering to the Lord of hosts. |
this ← it.
whether on guard or whether answering a watchword challenge ← (whether) awake etc. AV differs (master and the scholar), [CB]= wakener and answerer, temple guards. [PC] and others offer the sense of everybody, but [PC] regards the sense we have as the most probable. if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Mal 2:13 | וְזֹאת֙ שֵׁנִ֣ית תַּֽעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה בְּכִ֖י וַֽאֲנָקָ֑ה מֵאֵ֣ין ע֗וֹד פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְלָקַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִיֶּדְכֶֽם׃ | And this second thing you do (while covering the Lord's altar with tears, with weeping and groaning), so that he no longer respects the offering, to receive it with delight from your hands. |
covering: infinitive construct in the role of a participle.
respects ← turns to. hands ← hand. |
| Mal 2:14 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם עַל־מָ֑ה עַ֡ל כִּי־יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְךָ֜ וּבֵ֣ין ׀ אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ בָּגַ֣דְתָּה בָּ֔הּ וְהִ֥יא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ֖ וְאֵ֥שֶׁת בְּרִיתֶֽךָ׃ | And yet you say, ‘Why?’ Because the Lord testifies the case between you and the wife of your youth, that you dealt treacherously with her, but she was your companion, and your wife by your covenant. | your wife by your covenant ← the wife of your covenant. |
| Mal 2:15 | וְלֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּשְׁאָ֥ר ר֙וּחַ֙ ל֔וֹ וּמָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ בְּר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם וּבְאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֖יךָ אַל־יִבְגֹּֽד׃ | And did he not make you one? And he has the residue of the spirit. And why one? He is seeking a seed of God, so you must be on guard in your spirit, and do not deal faithlessly with the wife of your youth. | he has the residue of the spirit: the text could perhaps better be re-pointed to שְׁאֵר, giving kinship of spirit. We see the verse as a warning against corruption of the seed of God by adultery, by which Nephilimic contamination could enter. See Gen 6:4. |
| Mal 2:16 | כִּֽי־שָׂנֵ֣א שַׁלַּ֗ח אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל־לְבוּשׁ֔וֹ אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּרוּחֲכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִבְגֹּֽדוּ׃ ס | For the Lord God of Israel says that he hates divorce, as one covers up violence with one's clothes, says the Lord of hosts, so be on your guard in your spirit, and do not deal faithlessly. | divorce: the context is faithless treatment of the wife. |
| Mal 2:17 | הוֹגַעְתֶּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ בְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֔ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמָּ֣ה הוֹגָ֑עְנוּ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶ֗ם כָּל־עֹ֨שֵׂה רָ֜ע ט֣וֹב ׀ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה וּבָהֶם֙ ה֣וּא חָפֵ֔ץ א֥וֹ אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | You have wearied the Lord with your words, yet you say, ‘In what way have we wearied him?’ In that you say, ‘Everyone who does wrong is good in the eyes of the Lord, and he is pleased with them’, or, ‘Where is the God of judgment?’ | |
| Mal 3:1 | הִנְנִ֤י שֹׁלֵחַ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔י וּפִנָּה־דֶ֖רֶךְ לְפָנָ֑י וּפִתְאֹם֩ יָב֨וֹא אֶל־הֵיכָל֜וֹ הָאָד֣וֹן ׀ אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֗ים וּמַלְאַ֨ךְ הַבְּרִ֜ית אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֤ם חֲפֵצִים֙ הִנֵּה־בָ֔א אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | I am about to send my messenger, and he will prepare a way before me. Then the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to his temple, and the messenger of the covenant in whom you delight. Behold, he is coming, says the Lord of hosts. |
Matt 11:10, Mark 1:2, Luke 1:17, Luke 7:27.
I am about to ← behold me. and the messenger: or as (will) the messenger. whom: or which. |
| Mal 3:2 | וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּכְבֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים׃ |
And
Who can endure the day of his coming? And who can stand at his appearing? For he is like a refiner's fire, And like fullers' lye. |
Rev 6:17.
lye: a caustic substance used to make soap, which can be used in fulling. |
| Mal 3:3 | וְיָשַׁ֨ב מְצָרֵ֤ף וּמְטַהֵר֙ כֶּ֔סֶף וְטִהַ֤ר אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־לֵוִי֙ וְזִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔ם כַּזָּהָ֖ב וְכַכָּ֑סֶף וְהָיוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה מַגִּישֵׁ֥י מִנְחָ֖ה בִּצְדָקָֽה׃ | And he will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver, and he will purify the sons of Levi, and he will refine them like gold and silver, and they will become offerers of the meal-offering to the Lord in righteousness. | |
| Mal 3:4 | וְעָֽרְבָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּכְשָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת׃ | And the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord, as in the days of an age past, and as in former years. | |
| Mal 3:5 | וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And I will draw near to you for justice, and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers and against adulterers, and against those who swear falsely, and against those who defraud the hired labourer of his wages, the widow and the orphan, and those who pervert the case of the foreigner, and who do not fear me, says the Lord of hosts. | defraud the hired labourer of his wages ← defraud the wages of the hired labourer. |
| Mal 3:6 | כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי וְאַתֶּ֥ם בְּנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם׃ | For I am the Lord; I do not change, and you sons of Jacob have not perished. | |
| Mal 3:7 | לְמִימֵ֨י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֜ם סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽחֻקַּי֙ וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם שׁ֤וּבוּ אֵלַי֙ וְאָשׁ֣וּבָה אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֥ה נָשֽׁוּב׃ | Since the days of your fathers, you have departed from my statutes and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says the Lord of hosts. But you say, ‘In what way should we return?’ | |
| Mal 3:8 | הֲיִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ קֹבְעִ֣ים אֹתִ֔י וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּךָ הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְהַתְּרוּמָֽה׃ | Can a man defraud God? For you are defrauding me. But you say, ‘In what way do we defraud you?’ In tithing and in the heave-offering. | |
| Mal 3:9 | בַּמְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים וְאֹתִ֖י אַתֶּ֣ם קֹבְעִ֑ים הַגּ֖וֹי כֻּלּֽוֹ׃ | You {P: curse} [M: are cursed] with a curse, and you are defrauding me – all the nation. | An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= מְאָרִים. AV differs. |
| Mal 3:10 | הָבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֜ר אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָאוֹצָ֗ר וִיהִ֥י טֶ֙רֶף֙ בְּבֵיתִ֔י וּבְחָנ֤וּנִי נָא֙ בָּזֹ֔את אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־לֹ֧א אֶפְתַּ֣ח לָכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲרֻבּ֣וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י לָכֶ֛ם בְּרָכָ֖ה עַד־בְּלִי־דָֽי׃ | Bring all of the tithe to the treasury, so that there is provision in my house. And test me, please, in this matter, says the Lord of hosts, whether or not I will open for you the windows of heaven and empty out an abundant blessing on you. | abundant ← up to without sufficiency, i.e. without (stopping at) just enough, or without sufficient (resources to hold it). |
| Mal 3:11 | וְגָעַרְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ בָּֽאֹכֵ֔ל וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁחִ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה וְלֹא־תְשַׁכֵּ֨ל לָכֶ֤ם הַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | And I will rebuke the consuming locust for you, and it will not ruin your fruit of the ground, and it will not cause the vine in the field to be unfruitful, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Mal 3:12 | וְאִשְּׁר֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם כִּֽי־תִהְי֤וּ אַתֶּם֙ אֶ֣רֶץ חֵ֔פֶץ אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ ס | And all the nations will call you blessed, for you will be a delightful land, says the Lord of hosts. | delightful land ← land of delight, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Mal 3:13 | חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛י דִּבְרֵיכֶ֖ם אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם מַה־נִּדְבַּ֖רְנוּ עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | Your words have been obstinate against me, says the Lord, yet you say, ‘In what way have we spoken together against you?’ | |
| Mal 3:14 | אֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם שָׁ֖וְא עֲבֹ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֑ים וּמַה־בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֙רְנוּ֙ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֔וֹ וְכִ֤י הָלַ֙כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִפְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ | You say, ‘It is vain to serve God, and what profit is there that we keep his charge, and that we walk mournfully before the Lord of hosts? | |
| Mal 3:15 | וְעַתָּ֕ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים גַּם־נִבְנוּ֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י רִשְׁעָ֔ה גַּ֧ם בָּחֲנ֛וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיִּמָּלֵֽטוּ׃ | And so now we call those who are presumptuous blessed, and who also claim that those who act wickedly are firmly established, and even that those who put God to the test escape without consequence.’ ” | established ← built. |
| Mal 3:16 | אָ֧ז נִדְבְּר֛וּ יִרְאֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיַּקְשֵׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ וַיִּשְׁמָ֔ע וַ֠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְפָנָיו֙ לְיִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽוֹ׃ | Then those who feared the Lord spoke together, one to another, and the Lord hearkened and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before him, of those who feared the Lord and those who respected his name. | |
| Mal 3:17 | וְהָ֣יוּ לִ֗י אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לַיּ֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה סְגֻלָּ֑ה וְחָמַלְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ יַחְמֹ֣ל אִ֔ישׁ עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ הָעֹבֵ֥ד אֹתֽוֹ׃ | “And they will be mine, says the Lord of hosts, on the day when I make them a special possession. And I will have compassion on them, as a man has compassion on his son who serves him. | |
| Mal 3:18 | וְשַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּרְאִיתֶ֔ם בֵּ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק לְרָשָׁ֑ע בֵּ֚ין עֹבֵ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֔ים לַאֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוֹ׃ ס | And you will return, and you will see the difference between the righteous and the wicked, and between him who serves God and him who does not serve him. | |
| Mal 3:19 Mal 4:1AV |
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ בָּ֔א בֹּעֵ֖ר כַּתַּנּ֑וּר וְהָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְכָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ וְלִהַ֨ט אֹתָ֜ם הַיּ֣וֹם הַבָּ֗א אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יַעֲזֹ֥ב לָהֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְעָנָֽף׃ | For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace, and all the presumptuous, and all those who act wickedly will be like chaff. And that coming day will set them on fire, says the Lord of hosts, who will not leave them root or branch. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Mal 3:20 Mal 4:2AV |
וְזָרְחָ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ צְדָקָ֔ה וּמַרְפֵּ֖א בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וִֽיצָאתֶ֥ם וּפִשְׁתֶּ֖ם כְּעֶגְלֵ֥י מַרְבֵּֽק׃ | And the sun of righteousness will rise on you who fear my name, and healing will be in its wings, and you will go out and thrive like fatted calves of the stall. | |
| Mal 3:21 Mal 4:3AV |
וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם בַּיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֔ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ | And you will tread down the wicked, for they will be as ashes under the soles of your feet, on the day when I do this, says the Lord of hosts. | |
| Mal 3:22 Mal 4:4AV |
זִכְר֕וּ תּוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֑י אֲשֶׁר֩ צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹת֤וֹ בְחֹרֵב֙ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חֻקִּ֖ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִֽים׃ | Remember the law of Moses my servant, whom I commanded at Horeb, concerning all Israel, with statutes and judicature. |
Horeb: also known as Sinai.
judicature ← judgments. |
| Mal 3:23 Mal 4:5AV |
הִנֵּ֤ה אָֽנֹכִי֙ שֹׁלֵ֣חַ לָכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אֵלִיָּ֣ה הַנָּבִ֑יא לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃ | Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet, before the coming of the great and terrible day of the Lord, |
Luke 1:17, Rev 1:10.
Elijah: compare Mal 3:1. |
| Mal 3:24 Mal 4:6AV |
וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם פֶּן־אָב֕וֹא וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ חֵֽרֶם׃ | and he will turn the hearts of the fathers to the sons, and the hearts of the sons to their fathers, lest I come and strike the earth with sacred destruction.” |
Luke 1:17.
hearts (2x) ← heart. |
| Ps 1:1 | אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּבְמוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב׃ |
Happy is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, And who does not stand on the way of sinners, And who does not sit in the seat of mockers, |
happy: see note to Matt 5:3. |
| Ps 1:2 | כִּ֤י אִ֥ם בְּתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֗ה חֶ֫פְצ֥וֹ וּֽבְתוֹרָת֥וֹ יֶהְגֶּ֗ה יוֹמָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ |
But whose delight is in the Lord's law, And in whose law he meditates day and night. |
in whose law he meditates day and night: compare Josh 1:8. |
| Ps 1:3 | וְֽהָיָ֗ה כְּעֵץ֮ שָׁת֪וּל עַֽל־פַּלְגֵ֫י מָ֥יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר פִּרְי֨וֹ ׀ יִתֵּ֬ן בְּעִתּ֗וֹ וְעָלֵ֥הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יַצְלִֽיחַ׃ |
And he will be like a tree planted at brooks of water, Which yields its fruit in its season, And whose leaves will not wither, For everything that he does will prosper. |
|| Jer 17:8.
for: causal use of the vav, as in Ps 60:13 (Ps 60:11AV). |
| Ps 1:4 | לֹא־כֵ֥ן הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים כִּ֥י אִם־כַּ֝מֹּ֗ץ אֲֽשֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ׃ |
Not so the wicked; They are on the contrary like chaff Which the wind drives about. |
|
| Ps 1:5 | עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ לֹא־יָקֻ֣מוּ רְ֭שָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְ֝חַטָּאִ֗ים בַּעֲדַ֥ת צַדִּיקִֽים׃ |
That is why the wicked will not be able to stand at the judgment, Nor will sinners in the congregation of the righteous. |
|
| Ps 1:6 | כִּֽי־יוֹדֵ֣עַ יְ֭הוָה דֶּ֣רֶךְ צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְדֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד׃ |
For the Lord knows the way of the righteous, But the way of the wicked will cease. |
cease: or go to waste. |
| Ps 2:1 | לָ֭מָּה רָגְשׁ֣וּ גוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים יֶהְגּוּ־רִֽיק׃ |
Why do the Gentiles rage, And the nations contemplate a vain thing? |
Acts 4:25, where the psalm is attributed to David. |
| Ps 2:2 | יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד עַל־יְ֝הוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃ |
The kings of the earth take their stand, And the potentates plot together against the Lord And against his messiah, |
Acts 4:26. |
| Ps 2:3 | נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ וְנַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽימוֹ׃ |
And say, “Let us break their bonds apart And cast their cords off us.” |
|
| Ps 2:4 | יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
He who dwells in the heavens will laugh; The Lord* will deride them. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 2:5 | אָ֤ז יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֣ימוֹ בְאַפּ֑וֹ וּֽבַחֲרוֹנ֥וֹ יְבַהֲלֵֽמוֹ׃ |
Then he will speak to them in his anger, And in his fury he will terrify them. |
|
| Ps 2:6 | וַ֭אֲנִי נָסַ֣כְתִּי מַלְכִּ֑י עַל־צִ֝יּ֗וֹן הַר־קָדְשִֽׁי׃ |
But I have anointed my king, On Zion, my holy mountain. |
anointed ← poured. Not the usual word for anoint (מָשַׁח).
my holy mountain ← the mountain of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 2:7 | אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽ֫ל חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר אֵלַ֥י בְּנִ֥י אַ֑תָּה אֲ֝נִ֗י הַיּ֥וֹם יְלִדְתִּֽיךָ׃ |
I will relate the Lord's statute. He has said to me, “You are my son; Today I begot you. |
Acts 13:33, Heb 1:5, Heb 5:5.
the Lord's statute: AV differs in word association. |
| Ps 2:8 | שְׁאַ֤ל מִמֶּ֗נִּי וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה ג֭וֹיִם נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וַ֝אֲחֻזָּתְךָ֗ אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Ask me, And I will give nations as your inheritance And the ends of the earth as your possession. |
Rev 2:26. |
| Ps 2:9 | תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃ |
You will break them with a rod of iron; You will dash them to pieces like a potter's jar.” |
you will break them: re-pointing as תִּרְעֵם, it reads you will shepherd / rule them, as in Rev 2:27.
Rev 2:27, Rev 12:5, Rev 19:15. |
| Ps 2:10 | וְ֭עַתָּה מְלָכִ֣ים הַשְׂכִּ֑ילוּ הִ֝וָּסְר֗וּ שֹׁ֣פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
So now, you kings, act wisely; Be admonished, you judges of the earth. |
|
| Ps 2:11 | עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּיִרְאָ֑ה וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ בִּרְעָדָֽה׃ |
Serve the Lord with fear, And rejoice in awe. |
|
| Ps 2:12 | נַשְּׁקוּ־בַ֡ר פֶּן־יֶאֱנַ֤ף ׀ וְתֹ֬אבְדוּ דֶ֗רֶךְ כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֣ר כִּמְעַ֣ט אַפּ֑וֹ אַ֝שְׁרֵ֗י כָּל־ח֥וֹסֵי בֽוֹ׃ |
Kiss the son Lest he becomes angry And you perish on the way, When his anger is kindled but a little. Happy are all those who trust in him. |
son: taking the word as Aramaic, but current in elevated Hebrew too (see Prov 31:2); or ground. |
| Ps 3:1 | מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד בְּ֝בָרְח֗וֹ מִפְּנֵ֤י ׀ אַבְשָׁל֬וֹם בְּנֽוֹ׃ | A Psalm of David when he was fleeing from Absalom his son. | |
| Ps 3:2 Ps 3:1AV |
יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃ |
O Lord, how my adversaries have increased! Many are rising up against me. |
|
| Ps 3:3 Ps 3:2AV |
רַבִּים֮ אֹמְרִ֪ים לְנַ֫פְשִׁ֥י אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָה לּ֬וֹ בֵֽאלֹהִ֬ים סֶֽלָה׃ |
Many say about myself, “There is no salvation in God for him.” Selah. |
myself ← my soul.
selah: see Hab 3:3. |
| Ps 3:4 Ps 3:3AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑י כְּ֝בוֹדִ֗י וּמֵרִ֥ים רֹאשִֽׁי׃ |
But you, O Lord, are a shield around me – My glory, And the one who lifts up my head. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ps 3:5 Ps 3:4AV |
ק֭וֹלִי אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א וַיַּֽעֲנֵ֨נִי מֵהַ֖ר קָדְשׁ֣וֹ סֶֽלָה׃ |
I call out to the Lord with my voice, And he answers me from his holy mountain. Selah. |
his holy mountain ← the mountain of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 3:6 Ps 3:5AV |
אֲנִ֥י שָׁכַ֗בְתִּי וָֽאִ֫ישָׁ֥נָה הֱקִיצ֑וֹתִי כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה יִסְמְכֵֽנִי׃ |
I lay down and fell asleep. Then I awoke, For the Lord sustained me. |
|
| Ps 3:7 Ps 3:6AV |
לֹֽא־אִ֭ירָא מֵרִבְב֥וֹת עָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר סָ֝בִ֗יב שָׁ֣תוּ עָלָֽי׃ |
I will not be afraid of the tens of thousands of people Who have ranged themselves against me. |
|
| Ps 3:8 Ps 3:7AV |
ק֘וּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הוֹשִׁ֘יעֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהַ֗י כִּֽי־הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי שִׁנֵּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ׃ |
Rise up, O Lord; Save me, O God of mine, For you have struck all my enemies on the cheek; You have broken the teeth of the wicked. |
|
| Ps 3:9 Ps 3:8AV |
לַיהוָ֥ה הַיְשׁוּעָ֑ה עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֖ בִרְכָתֶ֣ךָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
Salvation is of the Lord; Your blessing is on your people. Selah. |
|
| Ps 4:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינ֗וֹת מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster, in singing set to stringed music.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: this is a subscription to the previous psalm. See [CB], App 65, compare Hab 3:19 and see our Introduction. AV differs, interpreting the term as a superscription to the psalm following.
in singing set to stringed music: AV differs (on Neginoth). |
| Ps 4:2 Ps 4:1AV |
בְּקָרְאִ֡י עֲנֵ֤נִי ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צִדְקִ֗י בַּ֭צָּר הִרְחַ֣בְתָּ לִּ֑י חָ֝נֵּ֗נִי וּשְׁמַ֥ע תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃ |
When I call out, Answer me, O God of my righteousness. You have relieved me in adversity; Have mercy on me, And hear my prayer. |
|
| Ps 4:3 Ps 4:2AV |
בְּנֵ֥י אִ֡ישׁ עַד־מֶ֬ה כְבוֹדִ֣י לִ֭כְלִמָּה תֶּאֱהָב֣וּן רִ֑יק תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ כָזָ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
You sons of man, how long will you put my glory to shame? You love vanity; You seek falsehood. Selah. |
|
| Ps 4:4 Ps 4:3AV |
וּדְע֗וּ כִּֽי־הִפְלָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה חָסִ֣יד ל֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע בְּקָרְאִ֥י אֵלָֽיו׃ |
So know that the Lord has set apart a sacred one for himself; The Lord will hear when I call out to him. |
|
| Ps 4:5 Ps 4:4AV |
רִגְז֗וּ וְֽאַל־תֶּ֫חֱטָ֥אוּ אִמְר֣וּ בִ֭לְבַבְכֶם עַֽל־מִשְׁכַּבְכֶ֗ם וְדֹ֣מּוּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
Be overawed and do not sin, Speaking in your heart on your bed, And be silent. Selah. |
be overawed: NT (Eph 4:26) and LXX= ὀργίζεσθε. The Hebrew and Greek have the same root letters רגז (r-g-z) suggesting that the Greek here and in Eph 4:26 is ↴ |
| Ps 4:6 Ps 4:5AV |
זִבְח֥וּ זִבְחֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וּ֝בִטְח֗וּ אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Offer righteous sacrifices, And put your trust in the Lord. |
↳ a Hebraism and not the classical be angry. See Gen 45:24, and Eph 4:26 for a fuller discussion.
offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ps 4:7 Ps 4:6AV |
רַבִּ֥ים אֹמְרִים֮ מִֽי־יַרְאֵ֪נ֫וּ ט֥וֹב נְֽסָה־עָ֭לֵינוּ א֨וֹר פָּנֶ֬יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Many say, “Who will show us goodness?” Raise the light of your presence on us, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 4:8 Ps 4:7AV |
נָתַ֣תָּה שִׂמְחָ֣ה בְלִבִּ֑י מֵעֵ֬ת דְּגָנָ֖ם וְתִֽירוֹשָׁ֣ם רָֽבּוּ׃ |
You have put gladness in my heart – More so than at the time When their corn and new wine became abundant. |
|
| Ps 4:9 Ps 4:8AV |
בְּשָׁל֣וֹם יַחְדָּו֮ אֶשְׁכְּבָ֪ה וְאִ֫ישָׁ֥ן כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה לְבָדָ֑ד לָ֝בֶ֗טַח תּוֹשִׁיבֵֽנִי׃ |
I can lie down and sleep at the same time in peace, For you alone, O Lord, can let me dwell in safety. |
|
| Ps 5:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אֶֽל־הַנְּחִיל֗וֹת מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to wind instruments.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to wind instruments: AV differs (upon Nehiloth). |
| Ps 5:2 Ps 5:1AV |
אֲמָרַ֖י הַאֲזִ֥ינָה ׀ יְהוָ֗ה בִּ֣ינָה הֲגִֽיגִי׃ |
O Lord, listen to my words; Consider my meditation. |
|
| Ps 5:3 Ps 5:2AV |
הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה ׀ לְק֬וֹל שַׁוְעִ֗י מַלְכִּ֥י וֵאלֹהָ֑י כִּֽי־אֵ֝לֶ֗יךָ אֶתְפַּלָּֽל׃ |
Hearken to my call of crying out, O my king and my God, For to you I pray. |
|
| Ps 5:4 Ps 5:3AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה בֹּ֭קֶר תִּשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלִ֑י בֹּ֥קֶר אֶֽעֱרָךְ־לְ֝ךָ֗ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה׃ |
O Lord, you hear my voice in the morning; In the morning I will marshal my thoughts to you And keep watch. |
|
| Ps 5:5 Ps 5:4AV |
כִּ֤י ׀ לֹ֤א אֵֽל־חָפֵ֘ץ רֶ֥שַׁע ׀ אָ֑תָּה לֹ֖א יְגֻרְךָ֣ רָֽע׃ |
For you are not a God who takes pleasure in wickedness; No evil dwells in you. |
|
| Ps 5:6 Ps 5:5AV |
לֹֽא־יִתְיַצְּב֣וּ הֽ֭וֹלְלִים לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑יךָ שָׂ֝נֵ֗אתָ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
Those who boast shall not stand in your sight; You hate all who are engaged in iniquity. |
in your sight ← against your eyes. |
| Ps 5:7 Ps 5:6AV |
תְּאַבֵּד֮ דֹּבְרֵ֪י כָ֫זָ֥ב אִישׁ־דָּמִ֥ים וּמִרְמָ֗ה יְתָ֘עֵ֥ב ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ |
You will destroy those who speak falsehood; The Lord abhors the man of blood and deceit. |
|
| Ps 5:8 Ps 5:7AV |
וַאֲנִ֗י בְּרֹ֣ב חַ֭סְדְּךָ אָב֣וֹא בֵיתֶ֑ךָ אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה אֶל־הֵֽיכַל־קָ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ בְּיִרְאָתֶֽךָ׃ |
But as for me, I will go to your house in the abundance of your kindness; I will worship facing your holy temple In fear of you. |
facing your holy temple ← facing the temple of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. On praying in this direction, compare Dan 6:11 (Dan 6:10AV).
fear of you ← your fear, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 5:9 Ps 5:8AV |
יְהוָ֤ה ׀ נְחֵ֬נִי בְצִדְקָתֶ֗ךָ לְמַ֥עַן שׁוֹרְרָ֑י *הושר **הַיְשַׁ֖ר לְפָנַ֣י דַּרְכֶּֽךָ׃ |
Lead me, O Lord, in your righteousness On account of my adversaries; Make your way straight ahead of me. |
make ... straight: the ketiv, הוֹשֵׁר, can be regarded as an equivalent to the qeré. |
| Ps 5:10 Ps 5:9AV |
כִּ֤י אֵ֪ין בְּפִ֡יהוּ נְכוֹנָה֮ קִרְבָּ֪ם הַ֫וּ֥וֹת קֶֽבֶר־פָּת֥וּחַ גְּרוֹנָ֑ם לְ֝שׁוֹנָ֗ם יַחֲלִֽיקוּן׃ |
For there is no rectitude in his mouth; Their inner heart consists of lusts. Their throat is an open sepulchre; They flatter with their tongue. |
Rom 3:13.
his mouth: [CB] refers this to the man of Ps 5:7 (Ps 5:6AV). |
| Ps 5:11 Ps 5:10AV |
הַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֨ם ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים יִפְּלוּ֮ מִֽמֹּעֲצ֪וֹתֵ֫יהֶ֥ם בְּרֹ֣ב פִּ֭שְׁעֵיהֶם הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ כִּי־מָ֥רוּ בָֽךְ׃ |
Condemn them, O God, Let them fall by their own plans. Drive them out for the multitude of their transgressions, For they have rebelled against you. |
|
| Ps 5:12 Ps 5:11AV |
וְיִשְׂמְח֨וּ כָל־ח֪וֹסֵי בָ֡ךְ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יְ֭רַנֵּנוּ וְתָסֵ֣ךְ עָלֵ֑ימוֹ וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ בְ֝ךָ֗ אֹהֲבֵ֥י שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Then all who put their trust in you will rejoice; They will shout for joy age-abidingly, And you will protect them, And those who love your name Will exult in you. |
|
| Ps 5:13 Ps 5:12AV |
כִּֽי־אַתָּה֮ תְּבָרֵ֪ךְ צַ֫דִּ֥יק יְהוָ֑ה כַּ֝צִּנָּ֗ה רָצ֥וֹן תַּעְטְרֶֽנּוּ׃ |
For you, O Lord, will bless the righteous man; You will surround him with delight like a shield. |
|
| Ps 6:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ בִּ֭נְגִינוֹת עַֽל־הַשְּׁמִינִ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to stringed music, concerning the eighth day division choir.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. concerning the eighth day division choir: AV differs (upon Sheminith). See [CB] App. 65. |
| Ps 6:2 Ps 6:1AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה אַל־בְּאַפְּךָ֥ תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי וְֽאַל־בַּחֲמָתְךָ֥ תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord, do not rebuke me in your anger, And do not chasten me in your fury. |
|
| Ps 6:3 Ps 6:2AV |
חָנֵּ֥נִי יְהוָה֮ כִּ֤י אֻמְלַ֫ל אָ֥נִי רְפָאֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֖י נִבְהֲל֣וּ עֲצָמָֽי׃ |
Have mercy on me, O Lord, For I am languishing. Heal me, O Lord, For my bones are agitated, |
|
| Ps 6:4 Ps 6:3AV |
וְ֭נַפְשִׁי נִבְהֲלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד *ואת **וְאַתָּ֥ה יְ֝הוָ֗ה עַד־מָתָֽי׃ |
And my inner being is very agitated. And you, O Lord, How long before you act? |
you: the ketiv, as standard Hebrew, is feminine, but the form could be explained as Aramaic influence or an elided vowel.
inner being ← soul. |
| Ps 6:5 Ps 6:4AV |
שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה חַלְּצָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י ה֝וֹשִׁיעֵ֗נִי לְמַ֣עַן חַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Return, O Lord; Save my life And deliver me, For your kindness' sake. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 6:6 Ps 6:5AV |
כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין בַּמָּ֣וֶת זִכְרֶ֑ךָ בִּ֝שְׁא֗וֹל מִ֣י יֽוֹדֶה־לָּֽךְ׃ |
For in death there is no remembrance of you; In the grave, who can give thanks to you? |
remembrance of you ← your remembrance, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 6:7 Ps 6:6AV |
יָגַ֤עְתִּי ׀ בְּֽאַנְחָתִ֗י אַשְׂחֶ֣ה בְכָל־לַ֭יְלָה מִטָּתִ֑י בְּ֝דִמְעָתִ֗י עַרְשִׂ֥י אַמְסֶֽה׃ |
I am weary with my sighing; All night I cause my bed to swim. I dissolve my mattress with my tears. |
to swim: i.e. to float in a pool of tears. |
| Ps 6:8 Ps 6:7AV |
עָֽשְׁשָׁ֣ה מִכַּ֣עַס עֵינִ֑י עָֽ֝תְקָ֗ה בְּכָל־צוֹרְרָֽי׃ |
My eye has been ravaged with grief; It has aged because of all my adversaries. |
|
| Ps 6:9 Ps 6:8AV |
ס֣וּרוּ מִ֭מֶּנִּי כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֥ע יְ֝הוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל בִּכְיִֽי׃ |
Depart from me, all you who are engaged in iniquity, For the Lord has heard the sound of my weeping. |
Luke 13:27. |
| Ps 6:10 Ps 6:9AV |
שָׁמַ֣ע יְ֭הוָה תְּחִנָּתִ֑י יְ֝הוָ֗ה תְּֽפִלָּתִ֥י יִקָּֽח׃ |
The Lord has heard my supplication; The Lord will accept my prayer. |
|
| Ps 6:11 Ps 6:10AV |
יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ ׀ וְיִבָּהֲל֣וּ מְ֭אֹד כָּל־אֹיְבָ֑י יָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רָֽגַע׃ |
Let all my enemies be ashamed And be most frightened; Let them desist And become ashamed in an instant. |
|
| Ps 7:1 | שִׁגָּי֗וֹן לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֥ר לַיהוָ֑ה עַל־דִּבְרֵי־כ֝֗וּשׁ בֶּן־יְמִינִֽי׃ | A Psalm of David of pre-eminence, which he sang to the Lord about the words of Cush the Benjaminite. | pre-eminence: see [Ges-HCL], II שָׁגָה. AV differs (Shiggaion). See Hab 3:1. |
| Ps 7:2 Ps 7:1AV |
יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי בְּךָ֣ חָסִ֑יתִי הוֹשִׁיעֵ֥נִי מִכָּל־רֹ֝דְפַ֗י וְהַצִּילֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord my God, I have put my trust in you. Save me from all those who pursue me, And deliver me, |
|
| Ps 7:3 Ps 7:2AV |
פֶּן־יִטְרֹ֣ף כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י פֹּ֝רֵ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
Lest he, like a lion, tears my body in pieces, Crushing me, With no-one to deliver me. |
body ← soul. |
| Ps 7:4 Ps 7:3AV |
יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי אִם־עָשִׂ֣יתִי זֹ֑את אִֽם־יֶשׁ־עָ֥וֶל בְּכַפָּֽי׃ |
O Lord my God, If I have done this, If there is any injustice in my hands, |
|
| Ps 7:5 Ps 7:4AV |
אִם־גָּ֭מַלְתִּי שֽׁוֹלְמִ֥י רָ֑ע וָאֲחַלְּצָ֖ה צוֹרְרִ֣י רֵיקָֽם׃ |
If I have requited evil to anyone at peace with me, Or if I have spoiled my adversary gratuitously, |
spoiled ← delivered. |
| Ps 7:6 Ps 7:5AV |
יִֽרַדֹּ֥ף אוֹיֵ֨ב ׀ נַפְשִׁ֡י וְיַשֵּׂ֗ג וְיִרְמֹ֣ס לָאָ֣רֶץ חַיָּ֑י וּכְבוֹדִ֓י ׀ לֶעָפָ֖ר יַשְׁכֵּ֣ן סֶֽלָה׃ |
Then let my enemy pursue me to the death And catch up with me And trample on my life on the ground And place my honour in the dust. Selah. |
me to the death ← my soul, i.e. (for) my life.
place ← settle; cause to dwell. |
| Ps 7:7 Ps 7:6AV |
ק֘וּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ בְּאַפֶּ֗ךָ הִ֭נָּשֵׂא בְּעַבְר֣וֹת צוֹרְרָ֑י וְע֥וּרָה אֵ֝לַ֗י מִשְׁפָּ֥ט צִוִּֽיתָ׃ |
Arise, O Lord, in your anger; Raise yourself at the haughtiness of my adversaries, And rouse yourself for me by executing the justice Which you have commanded. |
for me ← to me. Re-pointing as אֵלִי, it reads O God of mine. |
| Ps 7:8 Ps 7:7AV |
וַעֲדַ֣ת לְ֭אֻמִּים תְּסוֹבְבֶ֑ךָּ וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ לַמָּר֥וֹם שֽׁוּבָה׃ |
When the congregation of the various peoples surrounds you, Return on high above them. |
above them ← above it, referring to the congregation. AV differs (for their sakes). |
| Ps 7:9 Ps 7:8AV |
יְהוָה֮ יָדִ֪ין עַ֫מִּ֥ים שָׁפְטֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֑ה כְּצִדְקִ֖י וּכְתֻמִּ֣י עָלָֽי׃ |
The Lord will judge various peoples; Judge me, O Lord, According to my righteousness And my personal integrity. |
my personal integrity ← my integrity concerning me. |
| Ps 7:10 Ps 7:9AV |
יִגְמָר־נָ֬א רַ֨ע ׀ רְשָׁעִים֮ וּתְכוֹנֵ֪ן צַ֫דִּ֥יק וּבֹחֵ֣ן לִ֭בּ֗וֹת וּכְלָי֗וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים צַדִּֽיק׃ |
Please may the evil of the wicked come to an end, And may you establish the just, When the righteous God tests hearts and kidneys. |
when: temporal use of the vav. Other conjunctions are possible.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Ps 7:11 Ps 7:10AV |
מָֽגִנִּ֥י עַל־אֱלֹהִ֑ים מ֝וֹשִׁ֗יעַ יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
My shield is by means of trust in God, Who saves the upright in heart. |
|
| Ps 7:12 Ps 7:11AV |
אֱ֭לֹהִים שׁוֹפֵ֣ט צַדִּ֑יק וְ֝אֵ֗ל זֹעֵ֥ם בְּכָל־יֽוֹם׃ |
God judges the just man, But God is indignant every day. |
|
| Ps 7:13 Ps 7:12AV |
אִם־לֹ֣א יָ֭שׁוּב חַרְבּ֣וֹ יִלְט֑וֹשׁ קַשְׁתּ֥וֹ דָ֝רַ֗ךְ וַֽיְכוֹנְנֶֽהָ׃ |
He certainly will return And sharpen his sword. He draws his bow And aims it. |
he certainly will return: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). AV differs (if he turn not). |
| Ps 7:14 Ps 7:13AV |
וְ֭לוֹ הֵכִ֣ין כְּלֵי־מָ֑וֶת חִ֝צָּ֗יו לְֽדֹלְקִ֥ים יִפְעָֽל׃ |
He has also prepared his deadly weapons; He has fashioned his arrows into burning ones. |
into burning ones: or, as AV, against the persecutors, as in Ps 10:2. So AV differs. |
| Ps 7:15 Ps 7:14AV |
הִנֵּ֥ה יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָ֥ה עָ֝מָ֗ל וְיָ֣לַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Look how my enemy is giving birth to iniquity And has conceived vice And borne falsehood. |
|
| Ps 7:16 Ps 7:15AV |
בּ֣וֹר כָּ֭רָֽה וַֽיַּחְפְּרֵ֑הוּ וַ֝יִּפֹּ֗ל בְּשַׁ֣חַת יִפְעָֽל׃ |
He has dug a hole And hollowed it out, But he has fallen into the pit Which he made. |
|
| Ps 7:17 Ps 7:16AV |
יָשׁ֣וּב עֲמָל֣וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְעַ֥ל קָ֝דְקֳד֗וֹ חֲמָס֥וֹ יֵרֵֽד׃ |
His vice will return on his head, And his violence will descend on his crown. |
|
| Ps 7:18 Ps 7:17AV |
אוֹדֶ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְק֑וֹ וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
I will praise the Lord according to his righteousness, And I will sing psalms to the name of the Most High, the Lord. |
|
| Ps 8:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־הַגִּתִּ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to percussion instruments.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to percussion instruments: AV differs (upon Gittith). |
| Ps 8:2 Ps 8:1AV |
יְהוָ֤ה אֲדֹנֵ֗ינוּ מָֽה־אַדִּ֣יר שִׁ֭מְךָ בְּכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּנָ֥ה ה֝וֹדְךָ֗ עַל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
O Lord our Lord, How excellent your name is in the whole earth! So set your majesty over the heavens. |
so set: the verb is an imperative, but perhaps accommodate it to the indicative, as if from נָתְנָה, who has set, as AV. So AV differs. |
| Ps 8:3 Ps 8:2AV |
מִפִּ֤י עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים ׀ וְֽיֹנְקִים֮ יִסַּ֪דְתָּ֫ עֹ֥ז לְמַ֥עַן צוֹרְרֶ֑יךָ לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃ |
You have decreed strength from the mouth of infants and babies, Because of your adversaries, To silence the enemy and avenger. |
Matt 21:16.
decreed ← founded, but also decreed. babies ← sucklings. silence ← make rest / stop. |
| Ps 8:4 Ps 8:3AV |
כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֣ה שָׁ֭מֶיךָ מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה׃ |
When I see your heavens, The work of your fingers – The moon and the stars which you have established – |
|
| Ps 8:5 Ps 8:4AV |
מָֽה־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ כִּֽי־תִזְכְּרֶ֑נּוּ וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם כִּ֣י תִפְקְדֶֽנּוּ׃ |
I ask, “What is man, That you should remember him? Or the son of Adam, That you should visit him?” |
Heb 2:6.
|| Ps 144:3. man ... Adam ← (mortal) mankind ... Adam. |
| Ps 8:6 Ps 8:5AV |
וַתְּחַסְּרֵ֣הוּ מְּ֭עַט מֵאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְכָב֖וֹד וְהָדָ֣ר תְּעַטְּרֵֽהוּ׃ |
For you made him a little lower than God, But you have crowned him with honour and majesty. |
Heb 2:7.
made him a little lower than ← caused him to lack little from (being). God: AV differs (angels), perhaps taken from Heb 2:7. |
| Ps 8:7 Ps 8:6AV |
תַּ֭מְשִׁילֵהוּ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י יָדֶ֑יךָ כֹּ֝ל שַׁ֣תָּה תַֽחַת־רַגְלָֽיו׃ |
You put him in charge of the works of your hands; You placed everything under his feet: |
1 Cor 15:25, 1 Cor 15:27, Eph 1:22, Heb 2:7TR, Heb 2:8. |
| Ps 8:8 Ps 8:7AV |
צֹנֶ֣ה וַאֲלָפִ֣ים כֻּלָּ֑ם וְ֝גַ֗ם בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדָֽי׃ |
Sheep and oxen, all of them, And also the beasts of the field, |
|
| Ps 8:9 Ps 8:8AV |
צִפּ֣וֹר שָׁ֭מַיִם וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם עֹ֝בֵ֗ר אָרְח֥וֹת יַמִּֽים׃ |
Birds of the sky And fish of the sea And whatever crosses the paths of the seas. |
|
| Ps 8:10 Ps 8:9AV |
יְהוָ֥ה אֲדֹנֵ֑ינוּ מָֽה־אַדִּ֥יר שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
O Lord our Lord, How excellent your name is on the whole earth! |
|
| Ps 9:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַלְמ֥וּת לַבֵּ֗ן מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster. The secret of the son.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
the secret of the son: AV differs (upon Muth-labben). The root letters of our word secret are to do with concealment; LXX= τῶν κρυφίων τοῦ υἱοῦ, the secrets of the son. |
| Ps 9:2 Ps 9:1AV |
אוֹדֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה בְּכָל־לִבִּ֑י אֲ֝סַפְּרָ֗ה כָּל־נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I will praise the Lord with all my heart; I will tell of all your wondrous deeds. |
|
| Ps 9:3 Ps 9:2AV |
אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה בָ֑ךְ אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
I will rejoice and exult in you; I will sing psalms of your most high name. |
your most high name: agreeing with MT cantillation (munach), in an anarthrous construction also seen in Ps 18:18 (Ps 18:17AV) and Ps 30:8 (Ps 30:7AV). AV differs (thy name, O thou most High), also possible. |
| Ps 9:4 Ps 9:3AV |
בְּשׁוּב־אוֹיְבַ֥י אָח֑וֹר יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
When my enemies retreat back, They will stumble and perish at your presence. |
retreat back: the pleonasm is present in the Hebrew, for effect. |
| Ps 9:5 Ps 9:4AV |
כִּֽי־עָ֭שִׂיתָ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י יָשַׁ֥בְתָּ לְ֝כִסֵּ֗א שׁוֹפֵ֥ט צֶֽדֶק׃ |
For you will deal with my case and my right; You will sit on the throne Judging righteously. |
This passage is in the nominal past tense, but we take it as a prophetic, i.e. future, tense.
righteously ← righteousness. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Ps 9:6 Ps 9:5AV |
גָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם אִבַּ֣דְתָּ רָשָׁ֑ע שְׁמָ֥ם מָ֝חִ֗יתָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
You will rebuke nations And put an end to the wicked one. You will eradicate their name For the age and in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 9:7 Ps 9:6AV |
הָֽאוֹיֵ֨ב ׀ תַּ֥מּוּ חֳרָב֗וֹת לָ֫נֶ֥צַח וְעָרִ֥ים נָתַ֑שְׁתָּ אָבַ֖ד זִכְרָ֣ם הֵֽמָּה׃ |
O enemy, devastations will come to an end in perpetuity, But as for the cities which you have destroyed, The memory of them has perished. |
you: referring to the enemy. It could refer to the Lord, in which case the cities are evil. |
| Ps 9:8 Ps 9:7AV |
וַֽ֭יהוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם יֵשֵׁ֑ב כּוֹנֵ֖ן לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ |
But the Lord is seated age-abidingly; He will establish his throne of justice. |
is seated: as a judge. Or remains. |
| Ps 9:9 Ps 9:8AV |
וְה֗וּא יִשְׁפֹּֽט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק יָדִ֥ין לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
And he will judge the world justly; He will arbitrate between peoples equitably. |
|
| Ps 9:10 Ps 9:9AV |
וִ֘יהִ֤י יְהוָ֣ה מִשְׂגָּ֣ב לַדָּ֑ךְ מִ֝שְׂגָּ֗ב לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ |
And the Lord will be a refuge to the oppressed – A refuge in times of affliction. |
|
| Ps 9:11 Ps 9:10AV |
וְיִבְטְח֣וּ בְ֭ךָ יוֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־עָזַ֖בְתָּ דֹרְשֶׁ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ |
And those who know your name will trust in you, For you have not forsaken those who seek you, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 9:12 Ps 9:11AV |
זַמְּר֗וּ לַ֭יהוָה יֹשֵׁ֣ב צִיּ֑וֹן הַגִּ֥ידוּ בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Sing psalms to the Lord, Who is seated in Zion; Relate his deeds Among the various peoples. |
|
| Ps 9:13 Ps 9:12AV |
כִּֽי־דֹרֵ֣שׁ דָּ֭מִים אוֹתָ֣ם זָכָ֑ר לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח צַעֲקַ֥ת *עניים **עֲנָוִֽים׃ |
For he who requites bloodshed Remembers them. He does not forget The crying of the {K: afflicted} [Q: meek]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. Both words can mean afflicted [AnLx]. |
| Ps 9:14 Ps 9:13AV |
חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי יְהוָ֗ה רְאֵ֣ה עָ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י מְ֝רוֹמְמִ֗י מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃ |
Have mercy on me, O Lord; Observe my affliction by those who hate me, You who lift me up from the gates of death, |
|
| Ps 9:15 Ps 9:14AV |
לְמַ֥עַן אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה כָּֽל־תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י בַת־צִיּ֑וֹן אָ֝גִ֗ילָה בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
So that I can relate all your psalms of praise At the gates of the daughter of Zion, And rejoice in your salvation. |
psalms of praise ← praises. |
| Ps 9:16 Ps 9:15AV |
טָבְע֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם בְּשַׁ֣חַת עָשׂ֑וּ בְּרֶֽשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֝מָ֗נוּ נִלְכְּדָ֥ה רַגְלָֽם׃ |
The nations will sink in the pit which they have made; In the very net which they hid, Their leg will be trapped. |
The tenses are as for Ps 9:5 (Ps 9:4AV). |
| Ps 9:17 Ps 9:16AV |
נ֤וֹדַ֨ע ׀ יְהוָה֮ מִשְׁפָּ֪ט עָ֫שָׂ֥ה בְּפֹ֣עַל כַּ֭פָּיו נוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֑ע הִגָּי֥וֹן סֶֽלָה׃ |
The Lord is known By the justice which he executes; The wicked man is ensnared By the work of his own hands. A meditation. Selah. |
A meditation: AV differs (Higgaion). |
| Ps 9:18 Ps 9:17AV |
יָשׁ֣וּבוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה כָּל־גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם שְׁכֵחֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
The wicked will return to the grave, As will all the nations forgetful of God. |
|
| Ps 9:19 Ps 9:18AV |
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לָ֭נֶצַח יִשָּׁכַ֣ח אֶבְי֑וֹן תִּקְוַ֥ת *ענוים **עֲ֝נִיִּ֗ים תֹּאבַ֥ד לָעַֽד׃ |
For the poor will not be forgotten in perpetuity, Nor will the hope of the {K: meek} [Q: afflicted] perish for eternity. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, the reverse of Ps 9:13 (Ps 9:12AV). |
| Ps 9:20 Ps 9:19AV |
קוּמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אַל־יָעֹ֣ז אֱנ֑וֹשׁ יִשָּׁפְט֥וּ ג֝וֹיִ֗ם עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
Arise, O Lord, Do not let man prevail; Let the nations be judged In your presence. |
|
| Ps 9:21 Ps 9:20AV |
שִׁ֘יתָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ מוֹרָ֗ה לָ֫הֶ֥ם יֵדְע֥וּ גוֹיִ֑ם אֱנ֖וֹשׁ הֵ֣מָּה סֶּֽלָה׃ |
O Lord, put fear in them, That the nations may know That they are but man. Selah. |
put fear in them: re-pointing as מוֹרֶה, it reads appoint them a teacher. |
| Ps 10:1 | לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק תַּ֝עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ |
Why, O Lord, do you stand at a distance? Why do you hide in times of affliction? |
|
| Ps 10:2 | בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃ |
The wicked man in his pride Ardently pursues the needy, But they will be caught by the very devices Which they contrived. |
|
| Ps 10:3 | כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֝רֵ֗ךְ נִ֘אֵ֥ץ ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ |
For the wicked man boasts in his personal pleasure-seeking, And {P: the defrauder blasphemes} [M: he blesses the defrauder] – He blasphemes the Lord. |
blesses (MT) ... he blasphemes the Lord: an amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= נִאֵץ (for בֵּרֵךְ), [CDG-I] p.365. AV differs, also with whom the Lord abhorreth.
his personal pleasure-seeking ← the desire / lust of his soul. |
| Ps 10:4 | רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ אֵ֥ין אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים כָּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃ |
The wicked, in his arrogant pride, Does not seek divine guidance; God does not come into any of his machinations. |
in his arrogant pride ← as the height of his anger; [BDB]= pride of his countenance.
any ← all. |
| Ps 10:5 | יָ֘חִ֤ילוּ *דרכו **דְרָכָ֨יו ׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ כָּל־צ֝וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃ |
They pervert his {K: way} [Q: ways] all the time. Your judgments are high up, aloof from him; He rails at all his adversaries. |
they pervert his way (ketiv) ... ways (qeré): AV differs (his ways are ... grievous). |
| Ps 10:6 | אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט לְדֹ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃ |
He says in his heart, “I will not falter, Because from generation to generation I will not be in difficulty.” |
falter ← be shaken. |
| Ps 10:7 | אָלָ֤ה פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ תַּ֥חַת לְ֝שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃ |
His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and vehemence; Under his tongue are vice and iniquity. |
Rom 3:14. |
| Ps 10:8 | יֵשֵׁ֤ב ׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י עֵ֝ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃ |
He lies in ambush in enclosed areas, He kills the innocent in hiding places; His eyes lie hidden, Fixed on the downcast. |
lies ← sits.
ambush in ← ambush of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ps 10:9 | יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֨ר ׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֝נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ |
He lies in ambush in the hiding place, Like a lion in a thicket. He lies in an ambush Ready to pounce on the poor; He pounces on the poor As he draws him into his net. |
a thicket ← his thicket, or re-point as סֻכָּה, a thicket. |
| Ps 10:10 | *ודכה **יִדְכֶּ֥ה יָשֹׁ֑חַ וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֝עֲצוּמָ֗יו *חלכאים **חֵ֣יל **כָּאִֽים׃ |
{K: And} [Q: And] he crouches and keeps low, And by his dominance The strength of the downcast fails. |
crouches: see [BDB]. [AnLx]= be bruised / crushed, which does not fit the context. The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
strength of the downcast: the ketiv writes this defectively as one word; the qeré as two. AV differs (the poor). dominance ← powers. fails ← falls. |
| Ps 10:11 | אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֝נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃ |
He says in his heart, “God forgets, He is hiding his face; He will never look.” |
|
| Ps 10:12 | קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח *עניים **עֲנָוִֽים׃ |
Arise, O Lord; O God lift up your hand. Do not forget the {K: afflicted} [Q: meek]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is as in Ps 9:13 (Ps 9:12AV). |
| Ps 10:13 | עַל־מֶ֤ה ׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע ׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָמַ֥ר בְּ֝לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִּדְרֹֽשׁ׃ |
Why does the wicked blaspheme God? He says in his heart, “He will not investigate it.” |
blaspheme: or despise.
investigate: or requite. |
| Ps 10:14 | רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה ׀ עָ֘מָ֤ל וָכַ֨עַס ׀ תַּבִּיט֮ לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה יָ֝ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה ׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃ |
You have looked, For you have seen sorrow and grief, So as to requite it with your hand. The downcast commits himself to you; You are a helper to the orphan. |
|
| Ps 10:15 | שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֝רָ֗ע תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃ |
Break the arm of the wicked and evil one; Investigate his wickedness Which he thinks you will not find. |
the wicked and evil one: compare “the man from the earth” in Ps 10:18.
investigate: or requite. |
| Ps 10:16 | יְהוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד אָבְד֥וּ ג֝וֹיִ֗ם מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord is king for the age and in perpetuity; The nations are eliminated from his land. |
See note to John 19:15. |
| Ps 10:17 | תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה תָּכִ֥ין לִ֝בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ |
You have heard the desire of the meek, O Lord, You will establish their heart; Your ear has hearkened to it, |
|
| Ps 10:18 | לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
So as to provide justice to the orphan and the afflicted. The man from the earth Will not cause terror any more. |
the man from the earth: compare “the wicked and evil one” of Ps 10:15. |
| Ps 11:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥ד בַּֽיהוָ֨ה ׀ חָסִ֗יתִי אֵ֭יךְ תֹּאמְר֣וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֑י *נודו **נ֝֗וּדִי הַרְכֶ֥ם צִפּֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. I have put my trust in the Lord. How can you say to my inner being, “Flee to your mountain Like a bird”? |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
flee: the ketiv is plural. A vav / yod issue. inner being ← soul. |
| Ps 11:2 | כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה הָרְשָׁעִ֡ים יִדְרְכ֬וּן קֶ֗שֶׁת כּוֹנְנ֣וּ חִצָּ֣ם עַל־יֶ֑תֶר לִיר֥וֹת בְּמוֹ־אֹ֝֗פֶל לְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
For behold, the wicked draw the bow; They attach their arrow to the string, Ready to shoot under cover of darkness At the upright of heart. |
attach ← prepare, but in archery, attach. |
| Ps 11:3 | כִּ֣י הַ֭שָּׁתוֹת יֵֽהָרֵס֑וּן צַ֝דִּ֗יק מַה־פָּעָֽל׃ |
If the foundations are demolished, What can the righteous man do? |
|
| Ps 11:4 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּֽהֵ֘יכַ֤ל קָדְשׁ֗וֹ יְהוָה֮ בַּשָּׁמַ֪יִם כִּ֫סְא֥וֹ עֵינָ֥יו יֶחֱז֑וּ עַפְעַפָּ֥יו יִ֝בְחֲנ֗וּ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃ |
The Lord is in his holy temple; The Lord's throne is in heaven. His eyes are looking; His eyelids are testing the sons of Adam. |
his holy temple ← the temple of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 11:5 | יְהוָה֮ צַדִּ֪יק יִ֫בְחָ֥ן וְ֭רָשָׁע וְאֹהֵ֣ב חָמָ֑ס שָֽׂנְאָ֥ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
The Lord tests the righteous, But his being hates the wicked And him who loves violence. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 11:6 | יַמְטֵ֥ר עַל־רְשָׁעִ֗ים פַּ֫חִ֥ים אֵ֣שׁ וְ֭גָפְרִית וְר֥וּחַ זִלְעָפ֗וֹת מְנָ֣ת כּוֹסָֽם׃ |
He will rain burning coals, fire and sulphur on the wicked, And a scorching wind will be the portion of their cup. |
burning coals: AV differs (snares). [AnLx] offers both. |
| Ps 11:7 | כִּֽי־צַדִּ֣יק יְ֭הוָה צְדָק֣וֹת אָהֵ֑ב יָ֝שָׁ֗ר יֶחֱז֥וּ פָנֵֽימוֹ׃ |
For the righteous Lord loves righteousness, And the upright will see his face. |
the righteous Lord: a rare, but similar construction in Isa 53:11.
the upright will see his face: or, avoiding a discordance, their face will see the upright. [CB] notes an emendation by the Sopherim, but it is not in [CDG-I]'s list. |
| Ps 12:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־הַשְּׁמִינִ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster concerning the eighth day division choir.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
concerning the eighth day division choir: see Ps 6:1. |
| Ps 12:2 Ps 12:1AV |
הוֹשִׁ֣יעָה יְ֭הוָה כִּי־גָמַ֣ר חָסִ֑יד כִּי־פַ֥סּוּ אֱ֝מוּנִ֗ים מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Save, O Lord, For the benevolent man has come to an end, For faithfulness has ceased Among the sons of Adam. |
among ← from. |
| Ps 12:3 Ps 12:2AV |
שָׁ֤וְא ׀ יְֽדַבְּרוּ֮ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־רֵ֫עֵ֥הוּ שְׂפַ֥ת חֲלָק֑וֹת בְּלֵ֖ב וָלֵ֣ב יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ |
Each man speaks falsehood to his neighbour; They speak with flattering lips And with an equivocal heart. |
flattering lips ← lip of flatteries, a Hebraic genitive.
an equivocal heart ← a heart and a heart. |
| Ps 12:4 Ps 12:3AV |
יַכְרֵ֣ת יְ֭הוָה כָּל־שִׂפְתֵ֣י חֲלָק֑וֹת לָ֝שׁ֗וֹן מְדַבֶּ֥רֶת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃ |
The Lord will cut off all flattering lips, And the tongue that speaks bombastic words |
flattering lips ← lips of flatteries, a Hebraic genitive.
bombastic ← great. |
| Ps 12:5 Ps 12:4AV |
אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמְר֨וּ ׀ לִלְשֹׁנֵ֣נוּ נַ֭גְבִּיר שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ מִ֖י אָד֣וֹן לָֽנוּ׃ |
– Those who say, “We will be great with our tongue; Our lips are with us. Who is lord over us?” |
|
| Ps 12:6 Ps 12:5AV |
מִשֹּׁ֥ד עֲנִיִּים֮ מֵאַנְקַ֪ת אֶבְי֫וֹנִ֥ים עַתָּ֣ה אָ֭קוּם יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אָשִׁ֥ית בְּ֝יֵ֗שַׁע יָפִ֥יחַֽ לֽוֹ׃ |
“Because of the oppression of the poor, Because of the groaning of the needy, I will now rise up, Says the Lord; I will place him who is railed at In safety.” |
him who is railed at ← (one) rails / puffs at him. |
| Ps 12:7 Ps 12:6AV |
אִֽמֲר֣וֹת יְהוָה֮ אֲמָר֪וֹת טְהֹ֫ר֥וֹת כֶּ֣סֶף צָ֭רוּף בַּעֲלִ֣יל לָאָ֑רֶץ מְ֝זֻקָּ֗ק שִׁבְעָתָֽיִם׃ |
The words of the Lord are pure words; They are silver, Refined in a crucible for the earth, Purified seven times. |
for the earth: AV differs (of earth), apparently in the sense of earthenware. |
| Ps 12:8 Ps 12:7AV |
אַתָּֽה־יְהוָ֥ה תִּשְׁמְרֵ֑ם תִּצְּרֶ֓נּוּ ׀ מִן־הַדּ֖וֹר ז֣וּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
You, O Lord, will guard them; You will preserve him from this generation age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 12:9 Ps 12:8AV |
סָבִ֗יב רְשָׁעִ֥ים יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן כְּרֻ֥ם זֻ֝לּ֗וּת לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
All around, the wicked walk about, Whilst the basest of the sons of Adam are exalted. |
|
| Ps 13:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 13:2 Ps 13:1AV |
עַד־אָ֣נָה יְ֭הוָה תִּשְׁכָּחֵ֣נִי נֶ֑צַח עַד־אָ֓נָה ׀ תַּסְתִּ֖יר אֶת־פָּנֶ֣יךָ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
How long, O Lord, will you forget me entirely? How long will you hide your face from me? |
|
| Ps 13:3 Ps 13:2AV |
עַד־אָ֨נָה אָשִׁ֪ית עֵצ֡וֹת בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וֹן בִּלְבָבִ֣י יוֹמָ֑ם עַד־אָ֓נָה ׀ יָר֖וּם אֹיְבִ֣י עָלָֽי׃ |
How long must I consult within myself? Sorrow is in my heart by day. How long will my enemy be raised up against me? |
consult ← put counsels.
myself ← my soul. |
| Ps 13:4 Ps 13:3AV |
הַבִּ֣יטָֽה עֲ֭נֵנִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י הָאִ֥ירָה עֵ֝ינַ֗י פֶּן־אִישַׁ֥ן הַמָּֽוֶת׃ |
Look and answer me, O Lord my God; Light up my eyes So that I do not sleep the sleep of death, |
|
| Ps 13:5 Ps 13:4AV |
פֶּן־יֹאמַ֣ר אֹיְבִ֣י יְכָלְתִּ֑יו צָרַ֥י יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ כִּ֣י אֶמּֽוֹט׃ |
Lest my enemy should say, “I have prevailed over him”, And my adversaries should rejoice Because I totter. |
|
| Ps 13:6 | וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ בְּחַסְדְּךָ֣ בָטַחְתִּי֮ יָ֤גֵ֥ל לִבִּ֗י בִּֽישׁוּעָ֫תֶ֥ךָ אָשִׁ֥ירָה לַיהוָ֑ה כִּ֖י גָמַ֣ל עָלָֽי׃ |
But I trust in your kindness; My heart rejoices in your salvation.¶ I will sing to the Lord, For he has dealt favourably with me. |
¶ Verse division: the AV splits the Hebrew of this verse into Ps 13:5AV and Ps 13:6AV. |
| Ps 14:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אָ֘מַ֤ר נָבָ֣ל בְּ֭לִבּוֹ אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִֽשְׁחִ֗יתוּ הִֽתְעִ֥יבוּ עֲלִילָ֗ה אֵ֣ין עֹֽשֵׂה־טֽוֹב׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God*.” They have acted corruptly; They have acted abominably in deed. There is no-one who does good. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it. Rom 3:10. || Ps 53:2 (Ps 53:1AV). |
| Ps 14:2 | יְֽהוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַיִם֮ הִשְׁקִ֪יף עַֽל־בְּנֵי־אָ֫דָ֥ם לִ֭רְאוֹת הֲיֵ֣שׁ מַשְׂכִּ֑יל דֹּ֝רֵשׁ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
The Lord peered down from heaven At the sons of Adam, To see if there was anyone who was prudent – Anyone who was seeking God*. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
Rom 3:11. || Ps 53:3 (Ps 53:2AV). |
| Ps 14:3 | הַכֹּ֥ל סָר֮ יַחְדָּ֪ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃ |
The whole has departed, They have become corrupt together; There is no-one who does good – There is not even one. |
Rom 3:12.
|| Ps 53:4 (Ps 53:3AV). |
| Ps 14:4 | הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃ |
Do all those engaged in iniquity not know? – Those who devour my people In the same way as they devour bread? They do not call on the Lord. |
|| Ps 53:5 (Ps 53:4AV). |
| Ps 14:5 | שָׁ֤ם ׀ פָּ֣חֲדוּ פָ֑חַד כִּֽי־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים בְּד֣וֹר צַדִּֽיק׃ |
There, they had a great fear, For God* was with a righteous generation. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| Ps 53:6 (Ps 53:5AV). they had a great fear: they feared a great fear. |
| Ps 14:6 | עֲצַת־עָנִ֥י תָבִ֑ישׁוּ כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה מַחְסֵֽהוּ׃ |
You have put the plans of the poor man to shame, For the Lord is his refuge. |
you: plural.
the poor: singular. |
| Ps 14:7 | מִ֥י יִתֵּ֣ן מִצִּיּוֹן֮ יְשׁוּעַ֪ת יִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הוָה שְׁב֣וּת עַמּ֑וֹ יָגֵ֥ל יַ֝עֲקֹ֗ב יִשְׂמַ֥ח יִשְׂרָֽאֵל׃ |
Oh for the salvation of Israel from Zion! When the Lord reverses the captivity of his people, Jacob will rejoice – Israel will be glad. |
|| Ps 53:7 (Ps 53:6AV).
oh for ← who will give, a stereotyped expression for a wish. |
| Ps 15:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְ֭הֹוָה מִי־יָג֣וּר בְּאָהֳלֶ֑ךָ מִֽי־יִ֝שְׁכֹּ֗ן בְּהַ֣ר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
O Lord, who will dwell in your tent? Who can reside on your holy mountain? |
your holy mountain ← the mountain of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 15:2 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ תָּ֭מִים וּפֹעֵ֥ל צֶ֑דֶק וְדֹבֵ֥ר אֱ֝מֶ֗ת בִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ |
He who walks perfectly, And does what is righteous, And speaks the truth in his heart. |
|
| Ps 15:3 | לֹֽא־רָגַ֨ל ׀ עַל־לְשֹׁנ֗וֹ לֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה לְרֵעֵ֣הוּ רָעָ֑ה וְ֝חֶרְפָּ֗ה לֹא־נָשָׂ֥א עַל־קְרֹֽבוֹ׃ |
He does not slander with his tongue; He does not do wrong to his neighbour, And he does not utter a reproach against his kin. |
utter ← raise. Compare Ps 69:8 (Ps 69:7AV). |
| Ps 15:4 | נִבְזֶ֤ה ׀ בְּֽעֵ֘ינָ֤יו נִמְאָ֗ס וְאֶת־יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֣ה יְכַבֵּ֑ד נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לְ֝הָרַ֗ע וְלֹ֣א יָמִֽר׃ |
Anyone despised in his eyes is rejected, But he honours those who fear the Lord. If he swears an oath and it becomes to his detriment, He does not alter it. |
|
| Ps 15:5 | כַּסְפּ֤וֹ ׀ לֹא־נָתַ֣ן בְּנֶשֶׁךְ֮ וְשֹׁ֥חַד עַל־נָקִ֗י לֹ֥א לָ֫קָ֥ח עֹֽשֵׂה־אֵ֑לֶּה לֹ֖א יִמּ֣וֹט לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
He does not put his money out with interest, And he does not accept a bribe against an innocent person. He who behaves this way Will never be shaken. |
behaves this way ← does these (things), i.e. including not doing the things to be avoided.
never ← not for the age. |
| Ps 16:1 | מִכְתָּ֥ם לְדָוִ֑ד שָֽׁמְרֵ֥נִי אֵ֝֗ל כִּֽי־חָסִ֥יתִי בָֽךְ׃ |
A Golden Psalm of David.
Keep guard over me, O God, For I have put my trust in you. |
Golden Psalm: AV differs (michtam), transliterating. [CB]= engraven. |
| Ps 16:2 | אָמַ֣רְתְּ לַֽ֭יהוָה אֲדֹנָ֣י אָ֑תָּה ט֝וֹבָתִ֗י בַּל־עָלֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have said to the Lord, “You are the Lord*, My source of goodness. There is nothing above you.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
I have said: second person singular, feminine, standing for my soul has said. Compare 2 Sam 13:39. there is nothing above you: AV differs (extendeth not to thee). |
| Ps 16:3 | לִ֭קְדוֹשִׁים אֲשֶׁר־בָּאָ֣רֶץ הֵ֑מָּה וְ֝אַדִּירֵ֗י כָּל־חֶפְצִי־בָֽם׃ |
As for the holy people who are in the land, And the noble ones, All my delight is in them. |
and the noble ones: this could be re-pointed to וְאַדִּירַי, and my noble (ones). |
| Ps 16:4 | יִרְבּ֥וּ עַצְּבוֹתָם֮ אַחֵ֪ר מָ֫הָ֥רוּ בַּל־אַסִּ֣יךְ נִסְכֵּיהֶ֣ם מִדָּ֑ם וּֽבַל־אֶשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁ֝מוֹתָ֗ם עַל־שְׂפָתָֽי׃ |
May the sorrows of those who hasten after another be multiplied. I will not pour out their libations of blood, And I will not take their names to my lips. |
|
| Ps 16:5 | יְֽהוָ֗ה מְנָת־חֶלְקִ֥י וְכוֹסִ֑י אַ֝תָּ֗ה תּוֹמִ֥יךְ גּוֹרָלִֽי׃ |
The Lord is the portion of my allotment And my cup. You will appoint my lot. |
will appoint: the form is hiphil future of יָמַךְ, which we take as cognate with תָּמַךְ. AV differs somewhat (maintainest). |
| Ps 16:6 | חֲבָלִ֣ים נָֽפְלוּ־לִ֭י בַּנְּעִמִ֑ים אַף־נַ֝חֲלָ֗ת שָֽׁפְרָ֥ה עָלָֽי׃ |
The lines have fallen to me in pleasant places; Indeed, the inheritance has been delightful for me. |
lines: demarcation lines of an inheritance. |
| Ps 16:7 | אֲבָרֵ֗ךְ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְעָצָ֑נִי אַף־לֵ֝יל֗וֹת יִסְּר֥וּנִי כִלְיוֹתָֽי׃ |
I will bless the Lord Who instructs me. Moreover, by night My kidneys discipline me. |
bless: or praise.
instructs: or advises. kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Ps 16:8 | שִׁוִּ֬יתִי יְהוָ֣ה לְנֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִ֑יד כִּ֥י מִֽ֝ימִינִ֗י בַּל־אֶמּֽוֹט׃ |
I have continually placed the Lord before me, For with him at my right hand, I will not falter. |
Acts 2:25. |
| Ps 16:9 | לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׂמַ֣ח לִ֭בִּי וַיָּ֣גֶל כְּבוֹדִ֑י אַף־בְּ֝שָׂרִ֗י יִשְׁכֹּ֥ן לָבֶֽטַח׃ |
That is why my heart is glad And my mind rejoices; My flesh also dwells in security. |
Acts 2:26.
mind ← glory, but also heart, mind. |
| Ps 16:10 | כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־תַעֲזֹ֣ב נַפְשִׁ֣י לִשְׁא֑וֹל לֹֽא־תִתֵּ֥ן חֲ֝סִידְךָ֗ לִרְא֥וֹת שָֽׁחַת׃ |
For you will not leave my being in the grave, Nor will you allow your holy one to see decay. |
Acts 2:27, Acts 2:31, Acts 13:35.
being ← soul. holy: not the usual word, with root meanings of kindness and grace. |
| Ps 16:11 | תּֽוֹדִיעֵנִי֮ אֹ֤רַח חַ֫יִּ֥ים שֹׂ֣בַע שְׂ֭מָחוֹת אֶת־פָּנֶ֑יךָ נְעִמ֖וֹת בִּימִינְךָ֣ נֶֽצַח׃ |
You have made the way of life known to me. There is an abundance of joys in your presence, And there are pleasant things in perpetuity at your right hand. |
Acts 2:28. |
| Ps 17:1 | תְּפִלָּ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד שִׁמְעָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ צֶ֗דֶק הַקְשִׁ֥יבָה רִנָּתִ֗י הַאֲזִ֥ינָה תְפִלָּתִ֑י בְּ֝לֹ֗א שִׂפְתֵ֥י מִרְמָֽה׃ |
A Prayer of David.
Hear, O Lord, in righteousness, Hearken to my cry; Listen to my prayer, Which is not with deceitful lips. |
|
| Ps 17:2 | מִ֭לְּפָנֶיךָ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י יֵצֵ֑א עֵ֝ינֶ֗יךָ תֶּחֱזֶ֥ינָה מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
May my justice come from your presence; May your eyes see things that are upright. |
|
| Ps 17:3 | בָּ֘חַ֤נְתָּ לִבִּ֨י ׀ פָּ֘קַ֤דְתָּ לַּ֗יְלָה צְרַפְתַּ֥נִי בַל־תִּמְצָ֑א זַ֝מֹּתִ֗י בַּל־יַעֲבָר־פִּֽי׃ |
You have tested my heart, You have paid a visit by night; You have refined me and found no dross. I have resolved that my mouth shall not transgress. |
|
| Ps 17:4 | לִפְעֻלּ֣וֹת אָ֭דָם בִּדְבַ֣ר שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ אֲנִ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗רְתִּי אָרְח֥וֹת פָּרִֽיץ׃ |
As for the works of man, By the word of your lips I have been on guard Against the ways of the violent man. |
|
| Ps 17:5 | תָּמֹ֣ךְ אֲ֭שֻׁרַי בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתֶ֑יךָ בַּל־נָמ֥וֹטּוּ פְעָמָֽי׃ |
Keep my steps on your paths, So my steps do not falter. |
keep: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative. |
| Ps 17:6 | אֲנִֽי־קְרָאתִ֣יךָ כִֽי־תַעֲנֵ֣נִי אֵ֑ל הַֽט־אָזְנְךָ֥ לִ֝֗י שְׁמַ֣ע אִמְרָתִֽי׃ |
I have called on you, For you answer me, O God. Turn your ear to me; Hear my oration. |
|
| Ps 17:7 | הַפְלֵ֣ה חֲ֭סָדֶיךָ מוֹשִׁ֣יעַ חוֹסִ֑ים מִ֝מִּתְקוֹמְמִ֗ים בִּֽימִינֶֽךָ׃ |
Show your wondrous kindness, You who by your right hand save Those who put their trust in you, From those who rise up against them. |
wondrous: or distinctive. |
| Ps 17:8 | שָׁ֭מְרֵנִי כְּאִישׁ֣וֹן בַּת־עָ֑יִן בְּצֵ֥ל כְּ֝נָפֶ֗יךָ תַּסְתִּירֵֽנִי׃ |
Keep me as the apple of your eye; Hide me in the shadow of your wings, |
apple ← pupil ← little man. |
| Ps 17:9 | מִפְּנֵ֣י רְ֭שָׁעִים ז֣וּ שַׁדּ֑וּנִי אֹיְבַ֥י בְּ֝נֶ֗פֶשׁ יַקִּ֥יפוּ עָלָֽי׃ |
From the wicked ones who treat me with violence – From my mortal enemies who surround me. |
my mortal enemies ← my enemies against the soul. |
| Ps 17:10 | חֶלְבָּ֥מוֹ סָּגְר֑וּ פִּ֝֗ימוֹ דִּבְּר֥וּ בְגֵאֽוּת׃ |
With their fatness they have closed themselves off; With their mouth they speak haughtily. |
|
| Ps 17:11 | אַ֭שֻּׁרֵינוּ עַתָּ֣ה *סבבוני **סְבָב֑וּנוּ עֵינֵיהֶ֥ם יָ֝שִׁ֗יתוּ לִנְט֥וֹת בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Having followed our steps, They have surrounded {K: me} [Q: us] now; They have set their eyes Ready to be devious on the ground. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue.
be devious on the ground: or perhaps, as with pitching a tent, pin (me) to the ground. |
| Ps 17:12 | דִּמְיֹנ֗וֹ כְּ֭אַרְיֵה יִכְס֣וֹף לִטְר֑וֹף וְ֝כִכְפִ֗יר יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים׃ |
Here is a simile for this: Like a lion that is eager to tear in pieces, Like a young lion that crouches in hiding places. |
simile for this ← its simile.
crouches ← sits. |
| Ps 17:13 | קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה קַדְּמָ֣ה פָ֭נָיו הַכְרִיעֵ֑הוּ פַּלְּטָ֥ה נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י מֵרָשָׁ֥ע חַרְבֶּֽךָ׃ |
Arise, O Lord, Confront him, Bring him low; Deliver my life from the wicked one With your sword. |
confront him ← meet / anticipate his face.
life ← soul. |
| Ps 17:14 | מִֽמְתִ֥ים יָדְךָ֨ ׀ יְהוָ֡ה מִֽמְתִ֬ים מֵחֶ֗לֶד חֶלְקָ֥ם בַּֽחַיִּים֮ *וצפינך **וּֽצְפוּנְךָ֮ תְּמַלֵּ֪א בִ֫טְנָ֥ם יִשְׂבְּע֥וּ בָנִ֑ים וְהִנִּ֥יחוּ יִ֝תְרָ֗ם לְעוֹלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Deliver me from men by your power, O Lord, From men of the world, Whose portion in life Is that you fill their belly with your hidden treasure, And their sons are satisfied, And they leave their surplus to their children. |
your hidden treasure: a yod / vav issue, but the meanings are the same.
power ← hand. their sons are satisfied: AV differs (they are full of children). |
| Ps 17:15 | אֲנִ֗י בְּ֭צֶדֶק אֶחֱזֶ֣ה פָנֶ֑יךָ אֶשְׂבְּעָ֥ה בְ֝הָקִ֗יץ תְּמוּנָתֶֽךָ׃ |
As for me, I will see your face in righteousness; I will be satisfied when I awake in your likeness. |
in your likeness: compare Phil 3:21. |
| Ps 18:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of the servant of the Lord, of David who spoke the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from Saul's hand. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
|| 2 Sam 22:1. |
| Ps 18:2 Ps 18:1AV |
וַיֹּאמַ֡ר אֶרְחָמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חִזְקִֽי׃ |
And he said,
“I will cherish you, O Lord, my strength. |
|| 2 Sam 22:2. |
| Ps 18:3 Ps 18:2AV |
יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ |
The Lord is my rock and my fortress And my deliverer, My God and my firm ground. I will put my trust in him – My shield and the horn of my salvation And my high stronghold. |
Heb 2:13.
|| 2 Sam 22:2, 2 Sam 22:3. |
| Ps 18:4 Ps 18:3AV |
מְ֭הֻלָּל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּמִן־אֹ֝יְבַ֗י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ |
I will call on the praiseworthy Lord, And I will be saved from my enemies. |
|| 2 Sam 22:4.
praiseworthy: gerundival use of the participle. |
| Ps 18:5 Ps 18:4AV |
אֲפָפ֥וּנִי חֶבְלֵי־מָ֑וֶת וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י בְלִיַּ֣עַל יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ |
The tightening grip of death surrounded me, And the onslaughts of the reprobate alarmed me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:5.
tightening grip ← cords, or pangs. onslaughts ← torrents. reprobate ← useless. |
| Ps 18:6 Ps 18:5AV |
חֶבְלֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל סְבָב֑וּנִי קִ֝דְּמ֗וּנִי מ֣וֹקְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ |
The tightening grip of the grave encompassed me; Deadly snares confronted me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:6.
tightening grip: see Ps 18:5 (Ps 18:4AV). deadly snares ← snares of death, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 18:7 Ps 18:6AV |
בַּצַּר־לִ֤י ׀ אֶֽקְרָ֣א יְהוָה֮ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַ֪י אֲשַׁ֫וֵּ֥עַ יִשְׁמַ֣ע מֵהֵיכָל֣וֹ קוֹלִ֑י וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י לְפָנָ֤יו ׀ תָּב֬וֹא בְאָזְנָֽיו׃ |
When I was in a strait, I called on the Lord, And I cried out to my God. He heard my voice from his temple, And my cry came before him to his ears. |
|| 2 Sam 22:7. |
| Ps 18:8 Ps 18:7AV |
וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ |
And the earth shook and trembled, And the foundations of mountains quaked and shook, Because he was furious. |
|| 2 Sam 22:8. |
| Ps 18:9 Ps 18:8AV |
עָ֘לָ֤ה עָשָׁ֨ן ׀ בְּאַפּ֗וֹ וְאֵשׁ־מִפִּ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל גֶּ֝חָלִ֗ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Smoke went up in his nostrils, And fire from his mouth came devouring; Coals were kindled by him. |
|| 2 Sam 22:9.
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. by him: or by it, but fire is feminine here. |
| Ps 18:10 Ps 18:9AV |
וַיֵּ֣ט שָׁ֭מַיִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃ |
And he stretched out the heavens and descended, And thick darkness was under his feet. |
|| 2 Sam 22:10. |
| Ps 18:11 Ps 18:10AV |
וַיִּרְכַּ֣ב עַל־כְּ֭רוּב וַיָּעֹ֑ף וַ֝יֵּ֗דֶא עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ |
And he rode on a cherub and flew And swooped down on the wings of the wind. |
|| 2 Sam 22:11. |
| Ps 18:12 Ps 18:11AV |
יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ חֶשְׁכַת־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃ |
He made darkness his hiding place; Around him as his booth Was the darkness of water And the thick clouds of the upper skies. |
|| 2 Sam 22:12.
booth: or canopy. |
| Ps 18:13 Ps 18:12AV |
מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ עָבָ֥יו עָבְר֑וּ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
At the brightness ahead of him His thick clouds pass along With their hail and fiery coals. |
|| 2 Sam 22:13.
fiery coals ← coals of fire, metonymically for lightning [AnLx]. |
| Ps 18:14 Ps 18:13AV |
וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
And the Lord thundered in the heavens, And the Most High sounded his voice With hail and fiery coals. |
|| 2 Sam 22:14.
fiery coals ← coals of fire. |
| Ps 18:15 Ps 18:14AV |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִ֭צָּיו וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם וּבְרָקִ֥ים רָ֝ב וַיְהֻמֵּֽם׃ |
And he sent his arrows And scattered them, And he shot lightning bolts And routed them. |
|| 2 Sam 22:15. |
| Ps 18:16 Ps 18:15AV |
וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֪וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃ |
Then channels of water appeared, And the foundations of the world were revealed At your rebuke, O Lord – At the blast of the wind from your nostrils. |
|| 2 Sam 22:16.
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. |
| Ps 18:17 Ps 18:16AV |
יִשְׁלַ֣ח מִ֭מָּרוֹם יִקָּחֵ֑נִי יַֽ֝מְשֵׁ֗נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
He sent help from on high, And he took hold of me; He drew me out of great waters. |
|| 2 Sam 22:17. |
| Ps 18:18 Ps 18:17AV |
יַצִּילֵ֗נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֥י עָ֑ז וּ֝מִשֹּׂנְאַ֗י כִּֽי־אָמְצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
He delivered me from my strong enemy And from those who hate me, For they were stronger than I was. |
|| 2 Sam 22:18. |
| Ps 18:19 Ps 18:18AV |
יְקַדְּמ֥וּנִי בְיוֹם־אֵידִ֑י וַֽיְהִי־יְהוָ֖ה לְמִשְׁעָ֣ן לִֽי׃ |
They confronted me on my day of distress, But the Lord became a support for me, |
|| 2 Sam 22:19. |
| Ps 18:20 Ps 18:19AV |
וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃ |
And he brought me out to a wide place; He delivered me, Because he delighted in me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:20. |
| Ps 18:21 Ps 18:20AV |
יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְקִ֑י כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃ |
The Lord recompensed me According to my righteousness; According to the cleanness of my hands He rewarded me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:21. |
| Ps 18:22 Ps 18:21AV |
כִּֽי־שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־רָ֝שַׁ֗עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
For I have kept the ways of the Lord, And I have not committed wickedness against my God. |
|| 2 Sam 22:22. |
| Ps 18:23 Ps 18:22AV |
כִּ֣י כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וְ֝חֻקֹּתָ֗יו לֹא־אָסִ֥יר מֶֽנִּי׃ |
For all his injunctions were before me, And I have not neglected his statutes. |
|| 2 Sam 22:23.
neglected ← made depart from me. |
| Ps 18:24 Ps 18:23AV |
וָאֱהִ֣י תָמִ֣ים עִמּ֑וֹ וָ֝אֶשְׁתַּמֵּ֗ר מֵעֲוֺנִֽי׃ |
And I was perfect with him, And I kept myself from iniquity, |
|| 2 Sam 22:24.
iniquity ← my iniquity. |
| Ps 18:25 Ps 18:24AV |
וַיָּֽשֶׁב־יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י כְצִדְקִ֑י כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ |
And the Lord rewarded me according to my righteousness – According to the cleanness of my hands Before his eyes. |
|| 2 Sam 22:25. |
| Ps 18:26 Ps 18:25AV |
עִם־חָסִ֥יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד עִם־גְּבַ֥ר תָּ֝מִ֗ים תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ |
With the kind, you will act kindly; With the perfect man, you will act in perfection. |
|| 2 Sam 22:26.
kind: or devout. |
| Ps 18:27 Ps 18:26AV |
עִם־נָבָ֥ר תִּתְבָּרָ֑ר וְעִם־עִ֝קֵּ֗שׁ תִּתְפַּתָּֽל׃ |
With the pure, you will act in purity, But with the perverse, you will act in a convoluted way. |
|| 2 Sam 22:27.
act in a convoluted way: or wrestle. |
| Ps 18:28 Ps 18:27AV |
כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה עַם־עָנִ֣י תוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְעֵינַ֖יִם רָמ֣וֹת תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃ |
For you will save an afflicted people, And you will bring haughty eyes low. |
|| 2 Sam 22:28.
afflicted people ← people of affliction, an objective Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 18:29 Ps 18:28AV |
כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה תָּאִ֣יר נֵרִ֑י יְהוָ֥ה אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ |
For you light up my lamp; The Lord my God brightens my darkness. |
|| 2 Sam 22:29. |
| Ps 18:30 Ps 18:29AV |
כִּֽי־בְ֭ךָ אָרֻ֣ץ גְּד֑וּד וּ֝בֵֽאלֹהַ֗י אֲדַלֶּג־שֽׁוּר׃ |
For through you I can run through a battalion, And through my God I can leap over a wall. |
|| 2 Sam 22:30. |
| Ps 18:31 Ps 18:30AV |
הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֪ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ אִמְרַֽת־יְהוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃ |
As for God, his way is perfect. The word of the Lord has been refined. He is a shield to all who trust in him. |
|| 2 Sam 22:31. |
| Ps 18:32 Ps 18:31AV |
כִּ֤י מִ֣י אֱ֭לוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וּמִ֥י צ֝֗וּר זוּלָתִ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
For who is God Apart from the Lord? And who is a rock, Except for our God? |
Mark 12:32.
|| 2 Sam 22:32. |
| Ps 18:33 Ps 18:32AV |
הָ֭אֵל הַמְאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חָ֑יִל וַיִּתֵּ֖ן תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכִּֽי׃ |
It is God who girds me with valour, Who makes my way perfect, |
|| 2 Sam 22:33. |
| Ps 18:34 Ps 18:33AV |
מְשַׁוֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַי כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת וְעַ֥ל בָּ֝מֹתַ֗י יַעֲמִידֵֽנִי׃ |
Who makes my feet like those of hinds And stands me on my heights, |
|| 2 Sam 22:34. |
| Ps 18:35 Ps 18:34AV |
מְלַמֵּ֣ד יָ֭דַי לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְֽנִחֲתָ֥ה קֶֽשֶׁת־נְ֝חוּשָׁ֗ה זְרוֹעֹתָֽי׃ |
Who teaches my hands the skills of war So a copper bow can be drawn by my arms. |
|| 2 Sam 22:35.
drawn: niphal (or perhaps piel) of נָחַת. AV differs (broken), from חָתַת. |
| Ps 18:36 Ps 18:35AV |
וַתִּתֶּן־לִי֮ מָגֵ֪ן יִ֫שְׁעֶ֥ךָ וִֽימִינְךָ֥ תִסְעָדֵ֑נִי וְֽעַנְוַתְךָ֥ תַרְבֵּֽנִי׃ |
And you gave me the shield of your salvation, While your right hand gives me support, And your meekness makes me great. |
|| 2 Sam 22:36. |
| Ps 18:37 Ps 18:36AV |
תַּרְחִ֣יב צַעֲדִ֣י תַחְתָּ֑י וְלֹ֥א מָ֝עֲד֗וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי׃ |
You enlarged my step under me, And my ankles did not slip. |
|| 2 Sam 22:37. |
| Ps 18:38 Ps 18:37AV |
אֶרְדּ֣וֹף א֭וֹיְבַי וְאַשִּׂיגֵ֑ם וְלֹֽא־אָ֝שׁוּב עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ |
I pursued my enemies And caught up with them, And I did not return Until I had made an end of them. |
|| 2 Sam 22:38. |
| Ps 18:39 Ps 18:38AV |
אֶ֭מְחָצֵם וְלֹא־יֻ֣כְלוּ ק֑וּם יִ֝פְּל֗וּ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽי׃ |
I crushed them So that they could not get up. They fell under my feet. |
|| 2 Sam 22:39.
so that: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Ps 18:40 Ps 18:39AV |
וַתְּאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חַ֭יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה תַּכְרִ֖יעַ קָמַ֣י תַּחְתָּֽי׃ |
And you girded me with valour for war; You brought down my opponents under me, |
|| 2 Sam 22:40. |
| Ps 18:41 Ps 18:40AV |
וְֽאֹיְבַ֗י נָתַ֣תָּה לִּ֣י עֹ֑רֶף וּ֝מְשַׂנְאַ֗י אַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ |
And you gave me the neck of my enemies. And as for those who hate me, I cut them down. |
|| 2 Sam 22:41. |
| Ps 18:42 Ps 18:41AV |
יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ וְאֵין־מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ עַל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃ |
They cried out, But there was no saviour; They looked to the Lord, But he did not answer them. |
|| 2 Sam 22:42. |
| Ps 18:43 Ps 18:42AV |
וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־ר֑וּחַ כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת אֲרִיקֵֽם׃ |
And I pulverized them like the dust, Carried along by the wind. I disposed of them Like the filth of the streets. |
|| 2 Sam 22:43.
disposed of ← poured out, emptied. |
| Ps 18:44 Ps 18:43AV |
תְּפַלְּטֵנִי֮ מֵרִ֪יבֵ֫י עָ֥ם תְּ֭שִׂימֵנִי לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֑ם עַ֖ם לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי יַֽעַבְדֽוּנִי׃ |
You delivered me from the contentions of a people; You set me at the head of nations. A people that I did not know Will serve me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:44. |
| Ps 18:45 Ps 18:44AV |
לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י בְּנֵֽי־נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִֽי׃ |
At bidding coming to their ears, They will obey me. Foreigners will feign obedience to me. |
|| 2 Sam 22:45.
at bidding coming to their ears ← at the hearing of the ear. feign obedience: piel here; hithpael in 2 Sam 22:45. |
| Ps 18:46 Ps 18:45AV |
בְּנֵי־נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Foreigners will fade away; They will be wrenched out of their confines. |
|| 2 Sam 22:46.
be wrenched: AV differs (be afraid). |
| Ps 18:47 Ps 18:46AV |
חַי־יְ֭הוָה וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י וְ֝יָר֗וּם אֱלוֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ |
How the Lord lives, And my rock is blessed, And the God of my salvation is exalted |
|| 2 Sam 22:47. |
| Ps 18:48 Ps 18:47AV |
הָאֵ֗ל הַנּוֹתֵ֣ן נְקָמ֣וֹת לִ֑י וַיַּדְבֵּ֖ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽי׃ |
– The God who gives me vengeance, And who subdues peoples under me, |
|| 2 Sam 22:48. |
| Ps 18:49 Ps 18:48AV |
מְפַלְּטִ֗י מֵאֹ֫יְבָ֥י אַ֣ף מִן־קָ֭מַי תְּרוֹמְמֵ֑נִי מֵאִ֥ישׁ חָ֝מָ֗ס תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃ |
Who delivers me from my enemies. You also raise me up above those who rise up against me; You rescue me from the man of violence. |
|| 2 Sam 22:49.
above ← from. |
| Ps 18:50 Ps 18:49AV |
עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ אוֹדְךָ֖ בַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וּלְשִׁמְךָ֥ אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ |
That is why I will praise you Among the nations, O Lord, And I will sing psalms to your name. |
Rom 15:9.
|| 2 Sam 22:50. |
| Ps 18:51 Ps 18:50AV |
*מגדל **מַגְדִּיל֮ יְשׁוּע֪וֹת מַ֫לְכּ֥וֹ וְעֹ֤שֶׂה חֶ֨סֶד ׀ לִמְשִׁיח֗וֹ לְדָוִ֥ד וּלְזַרְע֗וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
He magnifies acts of salvation of his king, Also showing kindness to his anointed – To David and to his seed Age-abidingly.” |
he magnifies: the ketiv is piel and the qeré is hiphil, with the same meaning here.
|| 2 Sam 22:51. anointed: the same word as messiah. |
| Ps 19:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 19:2 Ps 19:1AV |
הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃ |
The heavens speak of the glory of God, And the firmament tells of the work of his hands. |
tells of: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Ps 19:3 Ps 19:2AV |
י֣וֹם לְ֭יוֹם יַבִּ֣יעַֽ אֹ֑מֶר וְלַ֥יְלָה לְּ֝לַ֗יְלָה יְחַוֶּה־דָּֽעַת׃ |
Each day utters speech, And each night declares knowledge. |
each day ← day to day.
each night ← night to night. |
| Ps 19:4 Ps 19:3AV |
אֵֽין־אֹ֭מֶר וְאֵ֣ין דְּבָרִ֑ים בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃ |
They have no speech and they have no words; Their sound is not something heard. |
AV differs throughout. |
| Ps 19:5 Ps 19:4AV |
בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ יָ֘צָ֤א קַוָּ֗ם וּבִקְצֵ֣ה תֵ֭בֵל מִלֵּיהֶ֑ם לַ֝שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שָֽׂם־אֹ֥הֶל בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Their signification goes out into the whole earth, And their statements to the end of the world. Throughout the seasons he has assigned an abode for the sun. |
Rom 10:18.
signification ← line, but also rule, which we take as applicable to words. the seasons ← them, the antecedent being the days and nights. an abode ← a tent, standing for a sign of the zodiac. |
| Ps 19:6 Ps 19:5AV |
וְה֗וּא כְּ֭חָתָן יֹצֵ֣א מֵחֻפָּת֑וֹ יָשִׂ֥ישׂ כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר לָר֥וּץ אֹֽרַח׃ |
And as a bridegroom, the sun comes out of its bridal canopy And exults as a valiant man about to run a course. |
The verse is a description of dawn. |
| Ps 19:7 Ps 19:6AV |
מִקְצֵ֤ה הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ מֽוֹצָא֗וֹ וּתְקוּפָת֥וֹ עַל־קְצוֹתָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ין נִ֝סְתָּ֗ר מֵֽחַמָּתוֹ׃ |
Its rising is from one end of the heavens, And its circuit is to the other end of them. And there is nothing hidden from its heat. |
|
| Ps 19:8 Ps 19:7AV |
תּ֘וֹרַ֤ת יְהוָ֣ה תְּ֭מִימָה מְשִׁ֣יבַת נָ֑פֶשׁ עֵד֥וּת יְהוָ֥ה נֶ֝אֱמָנָ֗ה מַחְכִּ֥ימַת פֶּֽתִי׃ |
The law of the Lord is perfect In restoring a person. The testimony of the Lord is faithful, Making the simple-minded wise. |
person ← soul. |
| Ps 19:9 Ps 19:8AV |
פִּקּ֘וּדֵ֤י יְהוָ֣ה יְ֭שָׁרִים מְשַׂמְּחֵי־לֵ֑ב מִצְוַ֥ת יְהוָ֥ה בָּ֝רָ֗ה מְאִירַ֥ת עֵינָֽיִם׃ |
The precepts of the Lord are upright; They gladden the heart. The commandment of the Lord is pure; It enlightens the eyes. |
|
| Ps 19:10 Ps 19:9AV |
יִרְאַ֤ת יְהוָ֨ה ׀ טְהוֹרָה֮ עוֹמֶ֪דֶת לָ֫עַ֥ד מִֽשְׁפְּטֵי־יְהוָ֥ה אֱמֶ֑ת צָֽדְק֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
Fear of the Lord is salutary; It endures perpetually. The judgments of the Lord are truth; They are altogether righteous. |
salutary ← clean; [CB]= cleansing. |
| Ps 19:11 Ps 19:10AV |
הַֽנֶּחֱמָדִ֗ים מִ֭זָּהָב וּמִפַּ֣ז רָ֑ב וּמְתוּקִ֥ים מִ֝דְּבַ֗שׁ וְנֹ֣פֶת צוּפִֽים׃ |
They are more to be desired than gold, Or than a vast amount of refined gold. And they are sweeter than honey And honey-syrup from honeycombs. |
to be desired: gerundival use of the participle. |
| Ps 19:12 Ps 19:11AV |
גַּֽם־עַ֭בְדְּךָ נִזְהָ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם בְּ֝שָׁמְרָ֗ם עֵ֣קֶב רָֽב׃ |
Your servant also is warned by them; There is great reward in keeping them. |
in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 19:13 Ps 19:12AV |
שְׁגִיא֥וֹת מִֽי־יָבִ֑ין מִֽנִּסְתָּר֥וֹת נַקֵּֽנִי׃ |
Who understands errors? Oh acquit me from things hidden. |
errors: perhaps supply his own. |
| Ps 19:14 Ps 19:13AV |
גַּ֤ם מִזֵּדִ֨ים ׀ חֲשֹׂ֬ךְ עַבְדֶּ֗ךָ אַֽל־יִמְשְׁלוּ־בִ֣י אָ֣ז אֵיתָ֑ם וְ֝נִקֵּ֗יתִי מִפֶּ֥שַֽׁע רָֽב׃ |
From presumptuous sins, too, preserve your servant; Do not let them rule over me. Then I shall be perfect And acquitted from great transgression. |
|
| Ps 19:15 Ps 19:14AV |
יִֽהְי֥וּ לְרָצ֨וֹן ׀ אִמְרֵי־פִ֡י וְהֶגְי֣וֹן לִבִּ֣י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ יְ֝הוָ֗ה צוּרִ֥י וְגֹאֲלִֽי׃ |
May the sayings of my mouth be acceptable, And the meditation of my heart before you, O Lord, my rock and my redeemer. |
|
| Ps 20:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 20:2 Ps 20:1AV |
יַֽעַנְךָ֣ יְ֭הוָה בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה יְ֝שַׂגֶּבְךָ֗ שֵׁ֤ם ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֬י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
The Lord will answer you on the day of straitness; The name of the God of Jacob will set you on high. |
set you on high: or set you in security. AV differs somewhat defend you. |
| Ps 20:3 Ps 20:2AV |
יִשְׁלַֽח־עֶזְרְךָ֥ מִקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וּ֝מִצִּיּ֗וֹן יִסְעָדֶֽךָּ׃ |
He will send you help from the sanctuary, And he will support you from Zion. |
send you help ← send your help. |
| Ps 20:4 Ps 20:3AV |
יִזְכֹּ֥ר כָּל־מִנְחֹתֶ֑ךָ וְעוֹלָתְךָ֖ יְדַשְּׁנֶ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ |
He will remember all your meal-offerings And regard your burnt offering as fat. Selah. |
regard ... as fat: i.e. regard as acceptable. |
| Ps 20:5 Ps 20:4AV |
יִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֥ כִלְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְֽכָל־עֲצָתְךָ֥ יְמַלֵּֽא׃ |
He will give to you according to your heart's desire And fulfil all your ambitions. |
ambitions ← counsel. |
| Ps 20:6 Ps 20:5AV |
נְרַנְּנָ֤ה ׀ בִּ֘ישׁ֤וּעָתֶ֗ךָ וּבְשֵֽׁם־אֱלֹהֵ֥ינוּ נִדְגֹּ֑ל יְמַלֵּ֥א יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל־מִשְׁאֲלוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Let us shout for joy in your salvation And set up a banner in the name of our God. The Lord will fulfil all your requests. |
|
| Ps 20:7 Ps 20:6AV |
עַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ׀ יְהוָ֗ה מְשִׁ֫יח֥וֹ יַ֭עֲנֵהוּ מִשְּׁמֵ֣י קָדְשׁ֑וֹ בִּ֝גְבֻר֗וֹת יֵ֣שַׁע יְמִינֽוֹ׃ |
Now I know that the Lord saves his messiah; He will answer him from his holy heavens, By the mighty acts of salvation of his right hand. |
his holy heavens ← the heavens of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 20:8 Ps 20:7AV |
אֵ֣לֶּה בָ֭רֶכֶב וְאֵ֣לֶּה בַסּוּסִ֑ים וַאֲנַ֓חְנוּ ׀ בְּשֵׁם־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ נַזְכִּֽיר׃ |
Some bring chariots to remembrance, And others horses, But we the name of the Lord our God. |
|
| Ps 20:9 Ps 20:8AV |
הֵ֭מָּה כָּרְע֣וּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ קַּ֝֗מְנוּ וַנִּתְעוֹדָֽד׃ |
They collapse and fall down, But we arise And are kept firmly upright. |
|
| Ps 20:10 Ps 20:9AV |
יְהוָ֥ה הוֹשִׁ֑יעָה הַ֝מֶּ֗לֶךְ יַעֲנֵ֥נוּ בְיוֹם־קָרְאֵֽנוּ׃ |
O Lord, save; The king will answer us On the day when we call. |
save; the king will answer: or, not in MT punctuation, save the king. He will answer. |
| Ps 21:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 21:2 Ps 21:1AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה בְּעָזְּךָ֥ יִשְׂמַח־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּ֝בִישׁ֥וּעָתְךָ֗ מַה־*יגיל **יָּ֥גֶל מְאֹֽד׃ |
O Lord, the king will take pleasure in your strength, And how greatly he shall rejoice in your salvation! |
he shall rejoice: the qeré is an apocopated form of the ketiv.
This psalm is about the coronation of the king, also with a view to the messianic kingdom. |
| Ps 21:3 Ps 21:2AV |
תַּאֲוַ֣ת לִ֭בּוֹ נָתַ֣תָּה לּ֑וֹ וַאֲרֶ֥שֶׁת שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו בַּל־מָנַ֥עְתָּ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
You have given him his heart's desire, And you have not withheld the request of his lips. Selah. |
|
| Ps 21:4 Ps 21:3AV |
כִּֽי־תְ֭קַדְּמֶנּוּ בִּרְכ֣וֹת ט֑וֹב תָּשִׁ֥ית לְ֝רֹאשׁ֗וֹ עֲטֶ֣רֶת פָּֽז׃ |
For you have gone in front of him, With blessings of goodness; You have put a crown of pure gold on his head. |
|
| Ps 21:5 Ps 21:4AV |
חַיִּ֤ים ׀ שָׁאַ֣ל מִ֭מְּךָ נָתַ֣תָּה לּ֑וֹ אֹ֥רֶךְ יָ֝מִ֗ים עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
He asked you for life; You gave him it – Length of days, Age-long and in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 21:6 Ps 21:5AV |
גָּד֣וֹל כְּ֭בוֹדוֹ בִּישׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ ה֥וֹד וְ֝הָדָר תְּשַׁוֶּ֥ה עָלָֽיו׃ |
His glory is great through your salvation; You bestow majesty and splendour on him. |
|
| Ps 21:7 Ps 21:6AV |
כִּֽי־תְשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בְרָכ֣וֹת לָעַ֑ד תְּחַדֵּ֥הוּ בְ֝שִׂמְחָ֗ה אֶת־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
For you have appointed him everlasting blessings; You have gladdened him with happiness at your presence. |
|
| Ps 21:8 Ps 21:7AV |
כִּֽי־הַ֭מֶּלֶךְ בֹּטֵ֣חַ בַּיהוָ֑ה וּבְחֶ֥סֶד עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט׃ |
For the king trusts in the Lord, And through kindness of the Most High, He shall not falter. |
|
| Ps 21:9 Ps 21:8AV |
תִּמְצָ֣א יָ֭דְךָ לְכָל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ יְ֝מִֽינְךָ תִּמְצָ֥א שֹׂנְאֶֽיךָ׃ |
Your hand will find all your enemies; Your right hand will discover those who hate you. |
find ... discover ← find ... find. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 21:10 Ps 21:9AV |
תְּשִׁיתֵ֤מוֹ ׀ כְּתַנּ֥וּר אֵשׁ֮ לְעֵ֪ת פָּ֫נֶ֥יךָ יְ֭הוָה בְּאַפּ֣וֹ יְבַלְּעֵ֑ם וְֽתֹאכְלֵ֥ם אֵֽשׁ׃ |
You will appoint them a fiery furnace At the time of your presence. The Lord will swallow them up in his wrath, And fire will consume them. |
a fiery furnace ← as a furnace of fire.
presence ← face. AV differs (anger). |
| Ps 21:11 Ps 21:10AV |
פִּ֭רְיָמוֹ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ תְּאַבֵּ֑ד וְ֝זַרְעָ֗ם מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
You will eliminate their fruit from the earth, And their seed from among the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 21:12 Ps 21:11AV |
כִּי־נָט֣וּ עָלֶ֣יךָ רָעָ֑ה חָֽשְׁב֥וּ מְ֝זִמָּ֗ה בַּל־יוּכָֽלוּ׃ |
For they have tendered you wickedness; They have devised machinations, But they will not prevail. |
machinations ← a machination. |
| Ps 21:13 Ps 21:12AV |
כִּ֭י תְּשִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם בְּ֝מֵֽיתָרֶ֗יךָ תְּכוֹנֵ֥ן עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
For you have appointed them to flight; With your bowstring you aim at their face. |
flight ← (showing the) shoulder / back.
bowstring ← strings. |
| Ps 21:14 Ps 21:13AV |
ר֣וּמָה יְהוָ֣ה בְּעֻזֶּ֑ךָ נָשִׁ֥ירָה וּֽ֝נְזַמְּרָה גְּבוּרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Be exalted, O Lord, in your strength; Let us sing And sing psalms of your might. |
|
| Ps 22:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־אַיֶּ֥לֶת הַשַּׁ֗חַר מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster at Aijeleth Shahar.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Aijeleth Shahar: i.e. hind of the dawn, appropriate to the coronation, not the crucifixion of Ps 22. |
| Ps 22:2 Ps 22:1AV |
אֵלִ֣י אֵ֭לִי לָמָ֣ה עֲזַבְתָּ֑נִי רָח֥וֹק מִֽ֝ישׁוּעָתִ֗י דִּבְרֵ֥י שַׁאֲגָתִֽי׃ |
My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you far from my salvation at my roaring words? |
Matt 27:46, Mark 15:34.
This psalm is about the crucifixion. my roaring words ← the words of my roaring, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 22:3 Ps 22:2AV |
אֱֽלֹהַ֗י אֶקְרָ֣א י֭וֹמָם וְלֹ֣א תַעֲנֶ֑ה וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה וְֽלֹא־דֽוּמִיָּ֥ה לִֽי׃ |
O God of mine, I call by day, But you do not answer, And at night, But I have no quietness. |
|
| Ps 22:4 Ps 22:3AV |
וְאַתָּ֥ה קָד֑וֹשׁ י֝וֹשֵׁ֗ב תְּהִלּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
But you are holy, You who dwell in the places of praise of Israel. |
|
| Ps 22:5 Ps 22:4AV |
בְּ֭ךָ בָּטְח֣וּ אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ בָּ֝טְח֗וּ וַֽתְּפַלְּטֵֽמוֹ׃ |
In you our fathers trusted; They trusted, And you rescued them. |
|
| Ps 22:6 Ps 22:5AV |
אֵלֶ֣יךָ זָעֲק֣וּ וְנִמְלָ֑טוּ בְּךָ֖ בָטְח֣וּ וְלֹא־בֽוֹשׁוּ׃ |
They cried out to you, And they were delivered. They trusted in you And were not ashamed. |
|
| Ps 22:7 Ps 22:6AV |
וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ חֶרְפַּ֥ת אָ֝דָ֗ם וּבְז֥וּי עָֽם׃ |
But I am a worm, And not a man – The reproach of men And despised by the people. |
men ← Adam. |
| Ps 22:8 Ps 22:7AV |
כָּל־רֹ֭אַי יַלְעִ֣גוּ לִ֑י יַפְטִ֥ירוּ בְ֝שָׂפָ֗ה יָנִ֥יעוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃ |
All those who see me, mock me. They open their lips; They shake their head, And say, |
they open their lips: i.e. their jaw drops. |
| Ps 22:9 Ps 22:8AV |
גֹּ֣ל אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה יְפַלְּטֵ֑הוּ יַ֝צִּילֵ֗הוּ כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בּֽוֹ׃ |
“He relied on the Lord That he would rescue him. Let him save him, If he has pleasure in him.” |
relied on ← rolled to. |
| Ps 22:10 Ps 22:9AV |
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה גֹחִ֣י מִבָּ֑טֶן מַ֝בְטִיחִ֗י עַל־שְׁדֵ֥י אִמִּֽי׃ |
For you brought me out of the womb; From my mother's belly you caused me to trust in my mother's breasts. |
|
| Ps 22:11 Ps 22:10AV |
עָ֭לֶיךָ הָשְׁלַ֣כְתִּי מֵרָ֑חֶם מִבֶּ֥טֶן אִ֝מִּ֗י אֵ֣לִי אָֽתָּה׃ |
I was cast on you from the womb; From my mother's belly You have been my God. |
|
| Ps 22:12 Ps 22:11AV |
אַל־תִּרְחַ֣ק מִ֭מֶּנִּי כִּי־צָרָ֣ה קְרוֹבָ֑ה כִּי־אֵ֥ין עוֹזֵֽר׃ |
Do not be far from me, For adversity is nearby. For there is no-one to help. |
no-one to help ← no helper. |
| Ps 22:13 Ps 22:12AV |
סְ֭בָבוּנִי פָּרִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים אַבִּירֵ֖י בָשָׁ֣ן כִּתְּרֽוּנִי׃ |
Many bulls have surrounded me; Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me. |
strong bulls ← strong (ones), horses in Jer 47:3, bulls in Jer 50:11. |
| Ps 22:14 Ps 22:13AV |
פָּצ֣וּ עָלַ֣י פִּיהֶ֑ם אַ֝רְיֵ֗ה טֹרֵ֥ף וְשֹׁאֵֽג׃ |
They gape at me, Like a lion that tears and roars. |
gape at me ← open the mouth against me. |
| Ps 22:15 Ps 22:14AV |
כַּמַּ֥יִם נִשְׁפַּכְתִּי֮ וְהִתְפָּֽרְד֗וּ כָּֽל־עַצְמ֫וֹתָ֥י הָיָ֣ה לִ֭בִּי כַּדּוֹנָ֑ג נָ֝מֵ֗ס בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃ |
I have been poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint. My heart has become like wax; It is melting in my inward parts. |
|
| Ps 22:16 Ps 22:15AV |
יָ֘בֵ֤שׁ כַּחֶ֨רֶשׂ ׀ כֹּחִ֗י וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּ֣ק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י וְֽלַעֲפַר־מָ֥וֶת תִּשְׁפְּתֵֽנִי׃ |
My strength has dried up like a shard, And my tongue cleaves to my jaws. You are about to reduce me to death's dust. |
|
| Ps 22:17 Ps 22:16AV |
כִּ֥י סְבָב֗וּנִי כְּלָ֫בִ֥ים עֲדַ֣ת מְ֭רֵעִים הִקִּיפ֑וּנִי כָּ֝אֲרִ֗י יָדַ֥י וְרַגְלָֽי׃ |
For dogs have surrounded me; The congregation of evildoers has hemmed me in, Like a lion pinning down my hands and my feet. |
like a lion pinning down my hands and my feet: AV differs (they pierced my hands and my feet), as if reading כָּרִים יָדַי וְרַגְלָֽי, from כּוּר, so 2 consonant changes, but note וְקאָם in Hos 10:14. |
| Ps 22:18 Ps 22:17AV |
אֲסַפֵּ֥ר כָּל־עַצְמוֹתָ֑י הֵ֥מָּה יַ֝בִּ֗יטוּ יִרְאוּ־בִֽי׃ |
I can count all my bones. They look on, And stare at me. |
John 19:36. |
| Ps 22:19 Ps 22:18AV |
יְחַלְּק֣וּ בְגָדַ֣י לָהֶ֑ם וְעַל־לְ֝בוּשִׁ֗י יַפִּ֥ילוּ גוֹרָֽל׃ |
They share out my clothes among themselves And cast a lot for my garment. |
Matt 27:35, John 19:24. |
| Ps 22:20 Ps 22:19AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אַל־תִּרְחָ֑ק אֱ֝יָלוּתִ֗י לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי חֽוּשָׁה׃ |
But do not you, O Lord, be far off. Hasten, O my strength, as my help. |
Lord: [CB] marks this as Lord*, a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. But [WLC] and all common editions read יהוה, Lord. |
| Ps 22:21 Ps 22:20AV |
הַצִּ֣ילָה מֵחֶ֣רֶב נַפְשִׁ֑י מִיַּד־כֶּ֝֗לֶב יְחִידָתִֽי׃ |
Deliver my life from the sword – My most dear from the power of the dog. |
life ← soul.
most dear ← only, but also precious because of uniqueness. power ← hand. |
| Ps 22:22 Ps 22:21AV |
ה֭וֹשִׁיעֵנִי מִפִּ֣י אַרְיֵ֑ה וּמִקַּרְנֵ֖י רֵמִ֣ים עֲנִיתָֽנִי׃ |
Save me from the mouth of the lion And from the horns of buffaloes. You have answered me. |
buffaloes: perhaps a species of bison. Not necessarily native to Israel, as long as its aggressive reputation was known. |
| Ps 22:23 Ps 22:22AV |
אֲסַפְּרָ֣ה שִׁמְךָ֣ לְאֶחָ֑י בְּת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל אֲהַלְלֶֽךָּ׃ |
I will declare your name to my brothers; In the midst of the convocation I will praise you. |
Heb 2:12. |
| Ps 22:24 Ps 22:23AV |
יִרְאֵ֤י יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הַֽלְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־זֶ֣רַע יַעֲקֹ֣ב כַּבְּד֑וּהוּ וְג֥וּרוּ מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ כָּל־זֶ֥רַע יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Praise him, you who fear the Lord; Honour him, all you seed of Jacob, And revere him, All you seed of Israel. |
|
| Ps 22:25 Ps 22:24AV |
כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָזָ֨ה וְלֹ֪א שִׁקַּ֡ץ עֱנ֬וּת עָנִ֗י וְלֹא־הִסְתִּ֣יר פָּנָ֣יו מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וּֽבְשַׁוְּע֖וֹ אֵלָ֣יו שָׁמֵֽעַ׃ |
For he does not disdain or loathe the affliction of the afflicted man, And he does not hide his face from him. And when such a one cries out to him, He hears it. |
|
| Ps 22:26 Ps 22:25AV |
מֵ֥אִתְּךָ֗ תְֽהִלָּ֫תִ֥י בְּקָהָ֥ל רָ֑ב נְדָרַ֥י אֲ֝שַׁלֵּ֗ם נֶ֣גֶד יְרֵאָֽיו׃ |
My praise is on account of you in a great convocation. I will fulfil my vows In the presence of those who fear him. |
|
| Ps 22:27 Ps 22:26AV |
יֹאכְל֬וּ עֲנָוִ֨ים ׀ וְיִשְׂבָּ֗עוּ יְהַֽלְל֣וּ יְ֭הוָה דֹּ֣רְשָׁ֑יו יְחִ֖י לְבַבְכֶ֣ם לָעַֽד׃ |
The meek will eat and be satisfied; Those who seek him will praise the Lord. May your heart live in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 22:28 Ps 22:27AV |
יִזְכְּר֤וּ ׀ וְיָשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לְ֝פָנֶ֗יךָ כָּֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
And all the ends of the land will remember And return to the Lord, And all the families of the Gentiles Will worship before you. |
land: or earth, but in general only the people of “the land” would have known the Lord beforehand. |
| Ps 22:29 Ps 22:28AV |
כִּ֣י לַ֭יהוָה הַמְּלוּכָ֑ה וּ֝מֹשֵׁ֗ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
For the kingdom is the Lord's, And he is ruler over the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 22:30 Ps 22:29AV |
אָכְל֬וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֨וּ ׀ כָּֽל־דִּשְׁנֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ לְפָנָ֣יו יִ֭כְרְעוּ כָּל־יוֹרְדֵ֣י עָפָ֑ר וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ לֹ֣א חִיָּֽה׃ |
All the opulent of the earth will eat and worship; All those who go down to the dust will bow down before him. But he did not keep himself alive. |
opulent ← fat.
did not keep himself alive ← did not preserve-alive his soul. AV differs (none can keep alive his own soul). |
| Ps 22:31 Ps 22:30AV |
זֶ֥רַע יַֽעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ יְסֻפַּ֖ר לַֽאדֹנָ֣י לַדּֽוֹר׃ |
A seed will serve him; It will be related concerning the Lord* to a generation. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 22:32 Ps 22:31AV |
יָ֭בֹאוּ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ צִדְקָת֑וֹ לְעַ֥ם נ֝וֹלָ֗ד כִּ֣י עָשָֽׂה׃ |
They will come and declare his righteousness To a people reborn, For he will have accomplished this. |
reborn ← born. “Re-” often not expressed, e.g. Ps 37:21, Isa 45:13, Isa 58:12, Amos 9:14, Dan 9:25, Ezra 5:11, Neh 2:5; 2 Ki 17:6, Ezek 18:28. |
| Ps 23:1 | מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד יְהוָ֥ה רֹ֝עִ֗י לֹ֣א אֶחְסָֽר׃ |
A Psalm of David.
The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not lack anything. |
|
| Ps 23:2 | בִּנְא֣וֹת דֶּ֭שֶׁא יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי עַל־מֵ֖י מְנֻח֣וֹת יְנַהֲלֵֽנִי׃ |
He has me lie down in grassy pastures; He leads me to restful waters. |
grassy pastures ... restful waters ← pastures of grass ... waters of rest, Hebraic genitives. |
| Ps 23:3 | נַפְשִׁ֥י יְשׁוֹבֵ֑ב יַֽנְחֵ֥נִי בְמַעְגְּלֵי־צֶ֝֗דֶק לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
He refreshes my inner being; He conducts me along righteous paths For his name's sake. |
inner being ← soul.
righteous paths ← paths of righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 23:4 | גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־אֵלֵ֨ךְ בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת לֹא־אִ֘ירָ֤א רָ֗ע כִּי־אַתָּ֥ה עִמָּדִ֑י שִׁבְטְךָ֥ וּ֝מִשְׁעַנְתֶּ֗ךָ הֵ֣מָּה יְנַֽחֲמֻֽנִי׃ |
Even if I walk in the Valley of the Shadow of Death, I shall not fear evil, For you are with me. It is your sceptre and staff that comfort me. |
|
| Ps 23:5 | תַּעֲרֹ֬ךְ לְפָנַ֨י ׀ שֻׁלְחָ֗ן נֶ֥גֶד צֹרְרָ֑י דִּשַּׁ֖נְתָּ בַשֶּׁ֥מֶן רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י כּוֹסִ֥י רְוָיָֽה׃ |
You have set a table before me In the presence of my adversaries. You have anointed my head with oil; My cup abounds. |
abounds ← (is) abundance. |
| Ps 23:6 | אַ֤ךְ ׀ ט֤וֹב וָחֶ֣סֶד יִ֭רְדְּפוּנִי כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑י וְשַׁבְתִּ֥י בְּבֵית־יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמִֽים׃ |
Surely goodness and kindness will pursue me All the days of my life, And I will dwell in the house of the Lord In the length of days. |
|
| Ps 24:1 | לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר לַֽ֭יהוָה הָאָ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֑הּ תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
The earth is the Lord's and the fulness of it – The world and those who live in it. |
1 Cor 10:26, 1 Cor 10:28. |
| Ps 24:2 | כִּי־ה֭וּא עַל־יַמִּ֣ים יְסָדָ֑הּ וְעַל־נְ֝הָר֗וֹת יְכוֹנְנֶֽהָ׃ |
He founded it on the seas, And he prepared it on running waters. |
|
| Ps 24:3 | מִֽי־יַעֲלֶ֥ה בְהַר־יְהוָ֑ה וּמִי־יָ֝קוּם בִּמְק֥וֹם קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Who can go up to the Lord's mountain, And who can rise at his holy place? |
his holy place ← the place of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 24:4 | נְקִ֥י כַפַּ֗יִם וּֽבַר־לֵ֫בָ֥ב אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א לַשָּׁ֣וְא נַפְשִׁ֑י וְלֹ֖א נִשְׁבַּ֣ע לְמִרְמָֽה׃ |
He who is of innocent hands And pure in heart, Who has not shown me vain impertinence And has not sworn deceitfully. |
shown me vain impertinence ← lifted my soul to vanity. AV differs, reading נַפְשׁוֹ, his soul, as in [YLT], many Hebrew manuscripts, LXX and Vulgate, giving lifted himself up vainly. We also prefer the emendation, but our policy is to translate [WLC]. |
| Ps 24:5 | יִשָּׂ֣א בְ֭רָכָה מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה מֵאֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעֽוֹ׃ |
He will receive blessing from the Lord And righteousness from the God of his salvation. |
receive ← take up. |
| Ps 24:6 | זֶ֭ה דּ֣וֹר *דרשו **דֹּרְשָׁ֑יו מְבַקְשֵׁ֨י פָנֶ֖יךָ יַעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
This is the generation that seeks him – Those who look for your presence, O Jacob. Selah. |
that seeks him: the ketiv suffix is singular, agreeing with generation; the qeré is plural, according to the sense, as is the word for those who look. |
| Ps 24:7 | שְׂא֤וּ שְׁעָרִ֨ים ׀ רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭הִנָּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵ֣י עוֹלָ֑ם וְ֝יָב֗וֹא מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכָּבֽוֹד׃ |
Lift up your heads, O gates, And be lifted up, O age-abiding doors, And the king of glory will come in. |
|
| Ps 24:8 | מִ֥י זֶה֮ מֶ֤לֶךְ הַכָּ֫ב֥וֹד יְ֭הוָה עִזּ֣וּז וְגִבּ֑וֹר יְ֝הוָ֗ה גִּבּ֥וֹר מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Who is this king of glory? The Lord, strong and mighty, The Lord, mighty in battle. |
mighty in ← mighty of. |
| Ps 24:9 | שְׂא֤וּ שְׁעָרִ֨ים ׀ רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וּ֭שְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵ֣י עוֹלָ֑ם וְ֝יָבֹא מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכָּבֽוֹד׃ |
Lift up your heads, O gates, And lift yourselves up, O age-abiding doors, And the king of glory will come in. |
|
| Ps 24:10 | מִ֤י ה֣וּא זֶה֮ מֶ֤לֶךְ הַכָּ֫ב֥וֹד יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֑וֹת ה֤וּא מֶ֖לֶךְ הַכָּב֣וֹד סֶֽלָה׃ |
Who is this king of glory? The Lord of hosts is the king of glory. Selah. |
|
| Ps 25:1 | לְדָוִ֡ד אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְ֝הוָ֗ה נַפְשִׁ֥י אֶשָּֽׂא׃ |
A Psalm of David.
To you, O Lord, I direct my sentiments. |
direct my sentiments ← lift up my soul. |
| Ps 25:2 | אֱֽלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה אַל־יַֽעַלְצ֖וּ אֹיְבַ֣י לִֽי׃ |
O God of mine, in you I have trusted. May I not be ashamed; May my enemies not gloat over me. |
|
| Ps 25:3 | גַּ֣ם כָּל־קֹ֭וֶיךָ לֹ֣א יֵבֹ֑שׁוּ יֵ֝בֹ֗שׁוּ הַבּוֹגְדִ֥ים רֵיקָֽם׃ |
May none of those who put their hope in you be ashamed either; Let those who act treacherously without cause be ashamed. |
|
| Ps 25:4 | דְּרָכֶ֣יךָ יְ֭הוָה הוֹדִיעֵ֑נִי אֹ֖רְחוֹתֶ֣יךָ לַמְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord, make your ways known to me; Teach me your paths. |
|
| Ps 25:5 | הַדְרִ֘יכֵ֤נִי בַאֲמִתֶּ֨ךָ ׀ וְֽלַמְּדֵ֗נִי כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעִ֑י אוֹתְךָ֥ קִ֝וִּ֗יתִי כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
Guide my steps in your truth, And teach me, For you are the God of my salvation. I put my hope in you all day long. |
guide my steps ← cause me to tread. |
| Ps 25:6 | זְכֹר־רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ יְ֭הוָה וַחֲסָדֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י מֵעוֹלָ֣ם הֵֽמָּה׃ |
Remember your compassion and kindness, O Lord, For they have existed since ancient time. |
since ancient time ← from the age. |
| Ps 25:7 | חַטֹּ֤אות נְעוּרַ֨י ׀ וּפְשָׁעַ֗י אַל־תִּ֫זְכֹּ֥ר כְּחַסְדְּךָ֥ זְכָר־לִי־אַ֑תָּה לְמַ֖עַן טוּבְךָ֣ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Do not remember the sins of my youth Nor my transgressions. In accordance with your kindness, Do remember me For the sake of your goodness, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 25:8 | טוֹב־וְיָשָׁ֥ר יְהוָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֤ן יוֹרֶ֖ה חַטָּאִ֣ים בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ |
The Lord is good and upright, On account of which he instructs sinners on the way. |
|
| Ps 25:9 | יַדְרֵ֣ךְ עֲ֭נָוִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וִֽילַמֵּ֖ד עֲנָוִ֣ים דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
He guides the steps of the meek in justice, And he teaches the meek his way. |
meek ... meek: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 25:10 | כָּל־אָרְח֣וֹת יְ֭הוָה חֶ֣סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֑ת לְנֹצְרֵ֥י בְ֝רִית֗וֹ וְעֵדֹתָֽיו׃ |
All the ways of the Lord are kindness and truth To those who keep his covenant and his testimonies. |
|
| Ps 25:11 | לְמַֽעַן־שִׁמְךָ֥ יְהוָ֑ה וְֽסָלַחְתָּ֥ לַ֝עֲוֺנִ֗י כִּ֣י רַב־הֽוּא׃ |
For your name's sake, O Lord, Forgive my iniquity, For it is great. |
|
| Ps 25:12 | מִי־זֶ֣ה הָ֭אִישׁ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה י֝וֹרֶ֗נּוּ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יִבְחָֽר׃ |
Who is this man who fears the Lord? He will instruct him in the way he is to choose. |
|
| Ps 25:13 | נַ֭פְשׁוֹ בְּט֣וֹב תָּלִ֑ין וְ֝זַרְע֗וֹ יִ֣ירַשׁ אָֽרֶץ׃ |
His very self will abide in well-being, And his seed will inherit the earth. |
very self ← soul. |
| Ps 25:14 | ס֣וֹד יְ֭הוָה לִירֵאָ֑יו וּ֝בְרִית֗וֹ לְהוֹדִיעָֽם׃ |
The Lord's private plan is for those who fear him, And his covenant is to instruct them. |
|
| Ps 25:15 | עֵינַ֣י תָּ֭מִיד אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י הֽוּא־יוֹצִ֖יא מֵרֶ֣שֶׁת רַגְלָֽי׃ |
My eyes are continually to the Lord, For he will extricate my feet from the net. |
|
| Ps 25:16 | פְּנֵה־אֵלַ֥י וְחָנֵּ֑נִי כִּֽי־יָחִ֖יד וְעָנִ֣י אָֽנִי׃ |
Turn to me and have mercy on me, For I am solitary and afflicted. |
solitary: or an only one. |
| Ps 25:17 | צָר֣וֹת לְבָבִ֣י הִרְחִ֑יבוּ מִ֝מְּצֽוּקוֹתַ֗י הוֹצִיאֵֽנִי׃ |
They have increased the anguish of my heart. Deliver me out of my distress. |
increased ← widened.
anguish ... distress ← adversities / anguishes ... distresses. |
| Ps 25:18 | רְאֵ֣ה עָ֭נְיִי וַעֲמָלִ֑י וְ֝שָׂ֗א לְכָל־חַטֹּאותָֽי׃ |
See my affliction and my suffering, And forgive all my sins. |
|
| Ps 25:19 | רְאֵֽה־אוֹיְבַ֥י כִּי־רָ֑בּוּ וְשִׂנְאַ֖ת חָמָ֣ס שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃ |
See how my enemies have increased, And how they have hated me with a violent hatred. |
violent hatred ← hatred of violence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 25:20 | שָׁמְרָ֣ה נַ֭פְשִׁי וְהַצִּילֵ֑נִי אַל־אֵ֝ב֗וֹשׁ כִּֽי־חָסִ֥יתִי בָֽךְ׃ |
Guard my life and deliver me; Do not let me be ashamed, For I have put my trust in you. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 25:21 | תֹּם־וָיֹ֥שֶׁר יִצְּר֑וּנִי כִּ֝֗י קִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ |
Let integrity and uprightness preserve me, For I have put my hope in you. |
|
| Ps 25:22 | פְּדֵ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִ֝כֹּ֗ל צָֽרוֹתָיו׃ |
Deliver Israel, O God, From all his adversities. |
Israel: probably written with the patriarch in mind, but standing for the nation. |
| Ps 26:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ שָׁפְטֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־אֲ֭נִי בְּתֻמִּ֣י הָלַ֑כְתִּי וּבַיהוָ֥ה בָּ֝טַ֗חְתִּי לֹ֣א אֶמְעָֽד׃ |
A Psalm of David.
Judge me, O Lord, For I have walked in my integrity, And I have trusted in the Lord; I shall not stumble. |
|
| Ps 26:2 | בְּחָנֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה וְנַסֵּ֑נִי *צרופה **צָרְפָ֖ה כִלְיוֹתַ֣י וְלִבִּֽי׃ |
Examine me, O Lord, And test me. Refine my kidneys and my heart, |
refine: the ketiv is an equivalent to the qeré.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Ps 26:3 | כִּֽי־חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י וְ֝הִתְהַלַּ֗כְתִּי בַּאֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
For your kindness is in front of my eyes, And I have walked in your truth. |
|
| Ps 26:4 | לֹא־יָ֭שַׁבְתִּי עִם־מְתֵי־שָׁ֑וְא וְעִ֥ם נַ֝עֲלָמִ֗ים לֹ֣א אָבֽוֹא׃ |
I have not sat in collusion with vain people, Nor will I concur with the secretive. |
concur ← come. |
| Ps 26:5 | שָׂ֭נֵאתִי קְהַ֣ל מְרֵעִ֑ים וְעִם־רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים לֹ֣א אֵשֵֽׁב׃ |
I have hated the convocation of wrongdoers, And I will not sit with the wicked. |
|
| Ps 26:6 | אֶרְחַ֣ץ בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן כַּפָּ֑י וַאֲסֹבְבָ֖ה אֶת־מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣ יְהוָֽה׃ |
I will wash my hands in innocence, So let me go round your altar, O Lord, |
go round: or, as [CB], keep close to. |
| Ps 26:7 | לַ֭שְׁמִעַ בְּק֣וֹל תּוֹדָ֑ה וּ֝לְסַפֵּ֗ר כָּל־נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
To make declaration with a thankful voice And to recount all your wondrous acts. |
thankful voice ← a voice of thanksgiving. |
| Ps 26:8 | יְֽהוָ֗ה אָ֭הַבְתִּי מְע֣וֹן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מְק֗וֹם מִשְׁכַּ֥ן כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
O Lord, I have loved the refuge of your house And the place of your glorious tabernacle. |
your glorious tabernacle ← the tabernacle of your glory. |
| Ps 26:9 | אַל־תֶּאֱסֹ֣ף עִם־חַטָּאִ֣ים נַפְשִׁ֑י וְעִם־אַנְשֵׁ֖י דָמִ֣ים חַיָּֽי׃ |
Do not gather my being with sinners Nor my life with men of blood, |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 26:10 | אֲשֶׁר־בִּידֵיהֶ֥ם זִמָּ֑ה וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם מָ֣לְאָה שֹּֽׁחַד׃ |
In whose hands is scheming, And whose right hand is full of bribery. |
|
| Ps 26:11 | וַ֭אֲנִי בְּתֻמִּ֥י אֵלֵ֗ךְ פְּדֵ֣נִי וְחָנֵּֽנִי׃ |
So I will walk in my integrity. Redeem me and have mercy on me. |
|
| Ps 26:12 | רַ֭גְלִי עָֽמְדָ֣ה בְמִישׁ֑וֹר בְּ֝מַקְהֵלִ֗ים אֲבָרֵ֥ךְ יְהוָֽה׃ |
My foot stands in uprightness, And I will bless the Lord in the various convocations. |
|
| Ps 27:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אוֹרִ֣י וְ֭יִשְׁעִי מִמִּ֣י אִירָ֑א יְהוָ֥ה מָֽעוֹז־חַ֝יַּ֗י מִמִּ֥י אֶפְחָֽד׃ |
A Psalm of David.
The Lord is my light and my salvation; Whom shall I fear? The Lord is the stronghold of my life; Of whom shall I be afraid? |
|
| Ps 27:2 | בִּקְרֹ֤ב עָלַ֨י ׀ מְרֵעִים֮ לֶאֱכֹ֪ל אֶת־בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥י צָרַ֣י וְאֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י הֵ֖מָּה כָשְׁל֣וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃ |
When evildoers approach me, To devour my flesh – My adversaries and my enemies – They shall stumble and fall. |
|
| Ps 27:3 | אִם־תַּחֲנֶ֬ה עָלַ֨י ׀ מַחֲנֶה֮ לֹֽא־יִירָ֪א לִ֫בִּ֥י אִם־תָּק֣וּם עָ֭לַי מִלְחָמָ֑ה בְּ֝זֹ֗את אֲנִ֣י בוֹטֵֽחַ׃ |
Even if a battalion encamps against me, My heart will not fear. Even if a war should arise against me, I will be confident in the situation. |
battalion ← camp.
in the situation ← in this. |
| Ps 27:4 | אַחַ֤ת ׀ שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵֽאֵת־יְהוָה֮ אוֹתָ֪הּ אֲבַ֫קֵּ֥שׁ שִׁבְתִּ֣י בְּבֵית־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיַּ֑י לַחֲז֥וֹת בְּנֹֽעַם־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וּלְבַקֵּ֥ר בְּהֵיכָלֽוֹ׃ |
One thing I have requested from the Lord, Which I seek, Is that I should dwell in the house of the Lord All the days of my life, To see the Lord's pleasantness And to contemplate his temple. |
If this is a request to build the temple, it was denied him, 1 Chr 28:3. |
| Ps 27:5 | כִּ֤י יִצְפְּנֵ֨נִי ׀ בְּסֻכֹּה֮ בְּי֪וֹם רָ֫עָ֥ה יַ֭סְתִּרֵנִי בְּסֵ֣תֶר אָהֳל֑וֹ בְּ֝צ֗וּר יְרוֹמְמֵֽנִי׃ |
For he will hide me in a booth; On the evil day He will conceal me in the secrecy of his tent. He will raise me up on a rock. |
evil day ← day of evil. |
| Ps 27:6 | וְעַתָּ֨ה יָר֪וּם רֹאשִׁ֡י עַ֤ל אֹֽיְבַ֬י סְֽבִיבוֹתַ֗י וְאֶזְבְּחָ֣ה בְ֭אָהֳלוֹ זִבְחֵ֣י תְרוּעָ֑ה אָשִׁ֥ירָה וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה לַיהוָֽה׃ |
And now my head will be raised Against my enemies round about me, And I will offer in his tent the sacrifices of the battle-cry; I will sing And make psalm melody to the Lord. |
offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ps 27:7 | שְׁמַע־יְהוָ֖ה קוֹלִ֥י אֶקְרָ֗א וְחָנֵּ֥נִי וַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
Hear me, O Lord, As I call with my voice, And have mercy on me, And answer me. |
|
| Ps 27:8 | לְךָ֤ ׀ אָמַ֣ר לִ֭בִּי בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י אֶת־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְהוָ֣ה אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃ |
My heart has spoken to you. You have said to us, “Seek my face”; Your face, O Lord, I shall seek. |
seek my face: a plural imperative, which is why we supply to us. |
| Ps 27:9 | אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ ׀ מִמֶּנִּי֮ אַֽל־תַּט־בְּאַ֗ף עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ עֶזְרָתִ֥י הָיִ֑יתָ אַֽל־תִּטְּשֵׁ֥נִי וְאַל־תַּֽ֝עַזְבֵ֗נִי אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ |
Do not hide your face from me; Do not turn your servant away in anger. You have been my help; Do not forsake me and do not abandon me, O God of my salvation. |
|
| Ps 27:10 | כִּי־אָבִ֣י וְאִמִּ֣י עֲזָב֑וּנִי וַֽיהוָ֣ה יַֽאַסְפֵֽנִי׃ |
If my father and my mother forsake me, Then the Lord will gather me up. |
|
| Ps 27:11 | ה֤וֹרֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֗ה דַּ֫רְכֶּ֥ךָ וּ֭נְחֵנִי בְּאֹ֣רַח מִישׁ֑וֹר לְ֝מַ֗עַן שׁוֹרְרָֽי׃ |
Teach me, O Lord, your way, And lead me along an equitable path, On account of my adversaries. |
|
| Ps 27:12 | אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס׃ |
Do not deliver me to the will of my adversaries, For false witnesses have risen up against me Who breathe out violence. |
will ← soul.
who breathe out ← and (he) breathing out, but probably collective usage. |
| Ps 27:13 | לׅׄוּלֵׅׄ֗אׅׄ הֶ֭אֱמַנְתִּי לִרְא֥וֹת בְּֽטוּב־יְהוָ֗ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃ |
I have believed that I will see the Lord's goodness In the land of the living. |
This verse starts with unless, but with supra- and sublinear dots, meaning that the Masoretes regarded it as an intrusion, and [CB] agrees. See [CB] App. 31. |
| Ps 27:14 | קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל־יְה֫וָ֥ה חֲ֭זַק וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Put your hope in the Lord, Be strong, And may he strengthen your heart, And put your hope in the Lord. |
|
| Ps 28:1 | לְדָוִ֡ד אֵ֘לֶ֤יךָ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ אֶקְרָ֗א צוּרִי֮ אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַ֪שׁ מִ֫מֶּ֥נִּי פֶּן־תֶּֽחֱשֶׁ֥ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּי עִם־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
A Psalm of David.
I will call on you, O Lord, my rock. Do not turn a deaf ear to me, Lest in being silent to me, I should become like those Who go down to the pit. |
|
| Ps 28:2 | שְׁמַ֤ע ק֣וֹל תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י אֵלֶ֑יךָ בְּנָשְׂאִ֥י יָ֝דַ֗י אֶל־דְּבִ֥יר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
Oh hear my supplications being uttered When I shout out to you – When I lift up my hands to your holy place of address. |
my supplications being uttered ← the voice of my supplications.
your holy place of address ← the place of address of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 28:3 | אַל־תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי עִם־רְשָׁעִים֮ וְעִם־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן דֹּבְרֵ֣י שָׁ֭לוֹם עִם־רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝רָעָ֗ה בִּלְבָבָֽם׃ |
Do not draw me along with the wicked Or perpetrators of iniquity, Who speak peace with their neighbour, While evil is in their heart. |
neighbour ← neighbours. |
| Ps 28:4 | תֶּן־לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃ |
Render them according to their work And according to the evil of their acts. Render them according to the deeds of their hands; Requite them their due. |
|
| Ps 28:5 | כִּ֤י לֹ֤א יָבִ֡ינוּ אֶל־פְּעֻלֹּ֣ת יְ֭הוָה וְאֶל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֑יו יֶ֝הֶרְסֵ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יִבְנֵֽם׃ |
For they do not discern the works of the Lord Nor the deeds of his hands. He will demolish them And not build them up. |
for they do not discern the works (etc.): compare Isa 5:12.
deeds ← deed. |
| Ps 28:6 | בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֑ה כִּי־שָׁ֝מַע ק֣וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ |
Blessed is the Lord, For he has heard my supplications uttered. |
my supplications uttered ← the voice of my supplications. |
| Ps 28:7 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ עֻזִּ֥י וּמָגִנִּי֮ בּ֤וֹ בָטַ֥ח לִבִּ֗י וְֽנֶ֫עֱזָ֥רְתִּי וַיַּעֲלֹ֥ז לִבִּ֑י וּֽמִשִּׁירִ֥י אֲהוֹדֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The Lord is my strength and my shield; My heart has put its trust in him. And I have been helped, So my heart rejoiced, And I will praise him with my song. |
|
| Ps 28:8 | יְהוָ֥ה עֹֽז־לָ֑מוֹ וּמָ֘ע֤וֹז יְשׁוּע֖וֹת מְשִׁיח֣וֹ הֽוּא׃ |
The Lord is their strength, And the stronghold of salvation is his messiah. |
their: regarded by LXX and many modern translations as a contraction for לְעַמּוֹ his people's, which is probably the sense anyway.
salvation ← salvations, so perhaps acts of salvation. |
| Ps 28:9 | הוֹשִׁ֤יעָה ׀ אֶת־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וּבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וּֽרְעֵ֥ם וְ֝נַשְּׂאֵ֗ם עַד־הָעוֹלָֽם׃ |
Oh save your people, And bless your inheritance, And be a shepherd to them and exalt them Age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 29:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָ֫וִ֥ד הָב֣וּ לַֽ֭יהוָה בְּנֵ֣י אֵלִ֑ים הָב֥וּ לַ֝יהוָ֗ה כָּב֥וֹד וָעֹֽז׃ |
A Psalm of David.
Ascribe what is due to the Lord, You mighty ones – Ascribe glory and strength to the Lord. |
mighty ones ← sons of the mighty / of powers. |
| Ps 29:2 | הָב֣וּ לַֽ֭יהוָה כְּב֣וֹד שְׁמ֑וֹ הִשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לַ֝יהוָ֗ה בְּהַדְרַת־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
Ascribe the glory of his name to the Lord; Worship the Lord in holy splendour. |
holy splendour ← splendour of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 29:3 | ק֥וֹל יְהוָ֗ה עַל־הַ֫מָּ֥יִם אֵֽל־הַכָּב֥וֹד הִרְעִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה עַל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ |
The voice of the Lord is over the waters, The God of glory causes thunder; The Lord is over great waters. |
|
| Ps 29:4 | קוֹל־יְהוָ֥ה בַּכֹּ֑חַ ק֥וֹל יְ֝הוָ֗ה בֶּהָדָֽר׃ |
The voice of the Lord is with power; The voice of the Lord is with splendour. |
|
| Ps 29:5 | ק֣וֹל יְ֭הוָה שֹׁבֵ֣ר אֲרָזִ֑ים וַיְשַׁבֵּ֥ר יְ֝הוָ֗ה אֶת־אַרְזֵ֥י הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ |
The voice of the Lord breaks cedars; Indeed the Lord shatters the cedars of Lebanon. |
cedars ... cedars: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. Mitigated by the addition of Lebanon. |
| Ps 29:6 | וַיַּרְקִידֵ֥ם כְּמוֹ־עֵ֑גֶל לְבָנ֥וֹן וְ֝שִׂרְיֹ֗ן כְּמ֣וֹ בֶן־רְאֵמִֽים׃ |
And he makes them leap like a calf – Lebanon and Sirion like the young of a buffalo. |
Sirion: i.e. Hermon; see Deut 3:9.
buffalo: see Ps 22:22 (Ps 22:21AV). |
| Ps 29:7 | קוֹל־יְהוָ֥ה חֹצֵ֗ב לַהֲב֥וֹת אֵֽשׁ׃ |
The voice of the Lord cleaves apart With a fiery flame. |
with: AV differs, omitting, making the words following the direct object.
a fiery flame ← a flame of fire, a Hebraic genitive. [CB] interprets as lightning. |
| Ps 29:8 | ק֣וֹל יְ֭הוָה יָחִ֣יל מִדְבָּ֑ר יָחִ֥יל יְ֝הוָ֗ה מִדְבַּ֥ר קָדֵֽשׁ׃ |
The voice of the Lord shakes the desert; The Lord shakes the desert of Kadesh. |
desert ... desert: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. Mitigated by the addition of Kadesh. |
| Ps 29:9 | ק֤וֹל יְהוָ֨ה ׀ יְחוֹלֵ֣ל אַיָּלוֹת֮ וַֽיֶּחֱשֹׂ֪ף יְעָ֫ר֥וֹת וּבְהֵיכָל֑וֹ כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹ אֹמֵ֥ר כָּבֽוֹד׃ |
The voice of the Lord causes hinds to calve And strips woodland bare. And in his temple, All of it speaks of glory. |
all of it: AV differs (everyone). |
| Ps 29:10 | יְ֭הוָה לַמַּבּ֣וּל יָשָׁ֑ב וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יְ֝הוָ֗ה מֶ֣לֶךְ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
The Lord abode the flood, And the Lord abides as age-abiding king. |
|
| Ps 29:11 | יְֽהוָ֗ה עֹ֭ז לְעַמּ֣וֹ יִתֵּ֑ן יְהוָ֓ה ׀ יְבָרֵ֖ךְ אֶת־עַמּ֣וֹ בַשָּׁלֽוֹם׃ |
The Lord will give strength to his people; The Lord will bless his people with peace. |
|
| Ps 30:1 | מִזְמ֡וֹר שִׁיר־חֲנֻכַּ֖ת הַבַּ֣יִת לְדָוִֽד׃ | A Psalm. A song for the dedication of the house of David. | |
| Ps 30:2 Ps 30:1AV |
אֲרוֹמִמְךָ֣ יְ֭הוָה כִּ֣י דִלִּיתָ֑נִי וְלֹא־שִׂמַּ֖חְתָּ אֹיְבַ֣י לִֽי׃ |
I will extol you, O Lord, For you have liberated me, And you have not given my enemies cause for joy over me. |
|
| Ps 30:3 Ps 30:2AV |
יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֑י שִׁוַּ֥עְתִּי אֵ֝לֶ֗יךָ וַתִּרְפָּאֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord my God, I cried out to you, And you restored me. |
|
| Ps 30:4 Ps 30:3AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה הֶֽעֱלִ֣יתָ מִן־שְׁא֣וֹל נַפְשִׁ֑י חִ֝יִּיתַ֗נִי *מיורדי־**מִיָּֽרְדִי־בֽוֹר׃ |
O Lord, you have brought my being up from the grave; You have preserved me alive From me going down to the pit. |
me going down: the ketiv and qeré are (unusual) infinitives with a suffix. We do not see the ketiv as a participle, by analogy with Ps 38:21 (Ps 38:20AV).
being ← soul. |
| Ps 30:5 Ps 30:4AV |
זַמְּר֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חֲסִידָ֑יו וְ֝הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Sing psalms to the Lord, You sanctified ones of his, And give thanks at holy remembrance of him. |
holy remembrance of him ← remembrance of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 30:6 Ps 30:5AV |
כִּ֤י רֶ֨גַע ׀ בְּאַפּוֹ֮ חַיִּ֪ים בִּרְצ֫וֹנ֥וֹ בָּ֭עֶרֶב יָלִ֥ין בֶּ֗כִי וְלַבֹּ֥קֶר רִנָּֽה׃ |
For although there is a moment in his anger, There is life in his good pleasure. In the evening, weeping is prevalent, But in the morning there is rejoicing. |
is prevalent ← lodges. |
| Ps 30:7 Ps 30:6AV |
וַ֭אֲנִי אָמַ֣רְתִּי בְשַׁלְוִ֑י בַּל־אֶמּ֥וֹט לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
And I have said in my prosperity, “I will never falter.” |
never ← not for the age. |
| Ps 30:8 Ps 30:7AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה בִּרְצוֹנְךָ֮ הֶעֱמַ֪דְתָּה לְֽהַרְרִ֫י עֹ֥ז הִסְתַּ֥רְתָּ פָנֶ֗יךָ הָיִ֥יתִי נִבְהָֽל׃ |
O Lord, in your goodwill You established my strong mountain, But when you hid your face, I was terrified. |
my strong mountain: a similar grammatical construction in Ps 18:18 (Ps 18:17AV) and Ps 9:3 (Ps 9:2AV). |
| Ps 30:9 Ps 30:8AV |
אֵלֶ֣יךָ יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א וְאֶל־אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י אֶתְחַנָּֽן׃ |
O Lord, I call out to you, And it is with the Lord* that I plead. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 30:10 Ps 30:9AV |
מַה־בֶּ֥צַע בְּדָמִי֮ בְּרִדְתִּ֪י אֶ֫ל־שָׁ֥חַת הֲיוֹדְךָ֥ עָפָ֑ר הֲיַגִּ֥יד אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
What profit is there in my blood If I go down into the pit? Does the dust give you thanks? Does it proclaim your truth? |
|
| Ps 30:11 Ps 30:10AV |
שְׁמַע־יְהוָ֥ה וְחָנֵּ֑נִי יְ֝הוָה הֱֽיֵה־עֹזֵ֥ר לִֽי׃ |
Hear, O Lord, And have mercy on me. O Lord, be a helper to me. |
|
| Ps 30:12 Ps 30:11AV |
הָפַ֣כְתָּ מִסְפְּדִי֮ לְמָח֪וֹל לִ֥י פִּתַּ֥חְתָּ שַׂקִּ֑י וַֽתְּאַזְּרֵ֥נִי שִׂמְחָֽה׃ |
You have turned my mourning into dancing for me; You have untied my sackcloth And girded me with joy, |
|
| Ps 30:13 Ps 30:12AV |
לְמַ֤עַן ׀ יְזַמֶּרְךָ֣ כָ֭בוֹד וְלֹ֣א יִדֹּ֑ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י לְעוֹלָ֥ם אוֹדֶֽךָּ׃ |
So that one may sing psalms of glory to you And not be silent. O Lord my God, I will give you thanks age-abidingly. |
one may sing psalms of glory: AV differs (my glory may sing praise). |
| Ps 31:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 31:2 Ps 31:1AV |
בְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חָ֭סִיתִי אַל־אֵב֣וֹשָׁה לְעוֹלָ֑ם בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֥ פַלְּטֵֽנִי׃ |
In you, O Lord, I have put my trust. Do not let me ever be ashamed; Deliver me in your righteousness. |
ever ← for the age, age-abidingly. |
| Ps 31:3 Ps 31:2AV |
הַטֵּ֤ה אֵלַ֨י ׀ אָזְנְךָ֮ מְהֵרָ֪ה הַצִּ֫ילֵ֥נִי הֱיֵ֤ה לִ֨י ׀ לְֽצוּר־מָ֭עוֹז לְבֵ֥ית מְצוּד֗וֹת לְהוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Extend your ear to me; Rescue me speedily. Be a rock-founded stronghold to me – A fortified building to save me. |
fortified building ← house of strongholds. |
| Ps 31:4 Ps 31:3AV |
כִּֽי־סַלְעִ֣י וּמְצוּדָתִ֣י אָ֑תָּה וּלְמַ֥עַן שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ תַּֽנְחֵ֥נִי וּֽתְנַהֲלֵֽנִי׃ |
For you are my rock and my stronghold, So for your name's sake, Conduct me and lead me. |
conduct ... lead: the words used in Ps 23:3 and Ps 23:2 respectively. |
| Ps 31:5 Ps 31:4AV |
תּוֹצִיאֵ֗נִי מֵרֶ֣שֶׁת ז֭וּ טָ֣מְנוּ לִ֑י כִּֽי־אַ֝תָּה מָֽעוּזִּֽי׃ |
Extricate me from the net Which they have hidden for me, For you are my fortress. |
|
| Ps 31:6 Ps 31:5AV |
בְּיָדְךָ֮ אַפְקִ֪יד ר֫וּחִ֥י פָּדִ֖יתָה אוֹתִ֥י יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ל אֱמֶֽת׃ |
I commit my spirit into your hand. You have redeemed me, O Lord God of truth. |
|
| Ps 31:7 Ps 31:6AV |
שָׂנֵ֗אתִי הַשֹּׁמְרִ֥ים הַבְלֵי־שָׁ֑וְא וַ֝אֲנִ֗י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה בָּטָֽחְתִּי׃ |
I have hated those who keep false idols, And I have trusted in the Lord. |
|
| Ps 31:8 Ps 31:7AV |
אָגִ֥ילָה וְאֶשְׂמְחָ֗ה בְּחַ֫סְדֶּ֥ךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתָ אֶת־עָנְיִ֑י יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ בְּצָר֥וֹת נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
I will rejoice and be happy in your kindness, In that you have looked at my affliction; You have known my inner self in adversities. |
inner self ← soul. |
| Ps 31:9 Ps 31:8AV |
וְלֹ֣א הִ֭סְגַּרְתַּנִי בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֑ב הֶֽעֱמַ֖דְתָּ בַמֶּרְחָ֣ב רַגְלָֽי׃ |
And you have not consigned me to the hand of the enemy; You have stood my feet in a safe place. |
safe ← wide, where one is not in a strait. |
| Ps 31:10 Ps 31:9AV |
חָנֵּ֥נִי יְהוָה֮ כִּ֤י צַ֫ר־לִ֥י עָשְׁשָׁ֖ה בְכַ֥עַס עֵינִ֗י נַפְשִׁ֥י וּבִטְנִֽי׃ |
Have mercy on me, O Lord, For I am in straits; My eye is ravaged with grief, As are my mind and my body. |
my mind and my body ← my soul and my belly, but we use the conventional English idiom. |
| Ps 31:11 Ps 31:10AV |
כִּ֤י כָל֪וּ בְיָג֡וֹן חַיַּי֮ וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה כָּשַׁ֣ל בַּעֲוֺנִ֣י כֹחִ֑י וַעֲצָמַ֥י עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃ |
For my life has been worn down with distress, And my years with sighing. My strength falters in my iniquity, And my bones have wasted away. |
|
| Ps 31:12 Ps 31:11AV |
מִכָּל־צֹרְרַ֨י הָיִ֪יתִי חֶרְפָּ֡ה וְלִשֲׁכֵנַ֨י ׀ מְאֹד֮ וּפַ֪חַד לִֽמְיֻדָּ֫עָ֥י רֹאַ֥י בַּח֑וּץ נָדְד֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
I have been a reproach to all my adversaries, And very much so to my neighbours, And frightening to my acquaintances. Those who saw me in the open Fled from me. |
frightening to ← fear to. A subjective (he causes fear), not through him being a direct threat, but because they see the shocking state he is in. |
| Ps 31:13 Ps 31:12AV |
נִ֭שְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵ֣ת מִלֵּ֑ב הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כִּכְלִ֥י אֹבֵֽד׃ |
I have been forgotten like one deceased – Out of mind. I have become like an article going to waste. |
mind ← heart. |
| Ps 31:14 Ps 31:13AV |
כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי ׀ דִּבַּ֥ת רַבִּים֮ מָג֪וֹר מִסָּ֫בִ֥יב בְּהִוָּסְדָ֣ם יַ֣חַד עָלַ֑י לָקַ֖חַת נַפְשִׁ֣י זָמָֽמוּ׃ |
For I have heard the slander of many; There was fear all round When they plotted together against me – When they contrived to take my life. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 31:15 Ps 31:14AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ עָלֶ֣יךָ בָטַ֣חְתִּי יְהוָ֑ה אָ֝מַ֗רְתִּי אֱלֹהַ֥י אָֽתָּה׃ |
But I put my trust in you, O Lord; I have said, “You are my God.” |
|
| Ps 31:16 Ps 31:15AV |
בְּיָדְךָ֥ עִתֹּתָ֑י הַצִּ֘ילֵ֤נִי מִיַּד־א֝וֹיְבַ֗י וּמֵרֹדְפָֽי׃ |
My times are in your hand. Oh rescue me from the hand of my enemies And those who pursue me. |
|
| Ps 31:17 Ps 31:16AV |
הָאִ֣ירָה פָ֭נֶיךָ עַל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ ה֖וֹשִׁיעֵ֣נִי בְחַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Shine your face on your servant; Save me in your kindness. |
shine your face on: i.e. be propitious to. |
| Ps 31:18 Ps 31:17AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה אַל־אֵ֭בוֹשָׁה כִּ֣י קְרָאתִ֑יךָ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יִדְּמ֥וּ לִשְׁאֽוֹל׃ |
O Lord, do not let me be ashamed, For I have called on you. Let the wicked be ashamed; Let them be silent at the grave. |
|
| Ps 31:19 Ps 31:18AV |
תֵּ֥אָלַ֗מְנָה שִׂפְתֵ֫י שָׁ֥קֶר הַדֹּבְר֖וֹת עַל־צַדִּ֥יק עָתָ֗ק בְּגַאֲוָ֥ה וָבֽוּז׃ |
Let false-speaking lips be dumbfounded, Which speak insolently against the righteous In arrogance and in contempt. |
|
| Ps 31:20 Ps 31:19AV |
מָ֤ה רַֽב־טוּבְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁר־צָפַ֪נְתָּ לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ פָּ֭עַלְתָּ לַחֹסִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ נֶ֝֗גֶד בְּנֵ֣י אָדָם׃ |
How great your goodness is Which you have hidden away For those who fear you, Which you have produced for those who trust in you In the presence of the sons of Adam! |
|
| Ps 31:21 Ps 31:20AV |
תַּסְתִּירֵ֤ם ׀ בְּסֵ֥תֶר פָּנֶיךָ֮ מֵֽרֻכְסֵ֫י אִ֥ישׁ תִּצְפְּנֵ֥ם בְּסֻכָּ֗ה מֵרִ֥יב לְשֹׁנֽוֹת׃ |
You will hide them in the secrecy of your face; You will conceal them in a booth from the brusque ways of man And from hostile talk. |
hostile talk ← striving of tongues. |
| Ps 31:22 Ps 31:21AV |
בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֥י הִפְלִ֘יא חַסְדּ֥וֹ לִ֝֗י בְּעִ֣יר מָצֽוֹר׃ |
Blessed be the Lord, For he has shown his wonderful kindness to me In a fortified city. |
fortified city ← city of fortification, a Hebraic genitive. Or a city of siege, so perhaps under siege. |
| Ps 31:23 Ps 31:22AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ אָ֘מַ֤רְתִּי בְחָפְזִ֗י נִגְרַזְתִּי֮ מִנֶּ֪גֶד עֵ֫ינֶ֥יךָ אָכֵ֗ן שָׁ֭מַעְתָּ ק֥וֹל תַּחֲנוּנַ֗י בְּשַׁוְּעִ֥י אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ |
But I said in my haste, “I have been cut off from the presence of your eyes.” Truly, you have heard my supplications uttered When I cried out to you. |
my supplications uttered ← the utterance of my supplications. |
| Ps 31:24 Ps 31:23AV |
אֶֽהֱב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה כָּֽל־חֲסִ֫ידָ֥יו אֱ֭מוּנִים נֹצֵ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥ם עַל־יֶ֝֗תֶר עֹשֵׂ֥ה גַאֲוָֽה׃ |
Love the Lord, all you people of his grace. The Lord is a guardian of the faithful, And an abundant retributer Of him who behaves proudly. |
behaves proudly ← does pride. |
| Ps 31:25 Ps 31:24AV |
חִ֭זְקוּ וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץ לְבַבְכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַ֝מְיַחֲלִ֗ים לַיהוָֽה׃ |
Be strong and may he encourage your heart, All you who are awaiting the Lord. |
|
| Ps 32:1 | לְדָוִ֗ד מַ֫שְׂכִּ֥יל אַשְׁרֵ֥י נְֽשׂוּי־פֶּ֗שַׁע כְּס֣וּי חֲטָאָֽה׃ |
An Instructive Psalm of David.
Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven – Whose sin is covered over. |
Rom 4:7.
Instructive Psalm: AV differs, transliterating (Maschil). whose transgression is forgiven ← who (is) forgiven (regarding) transgression. whose sin is covered over ← who (is) covered over (regarding) sin. |
| Ps 32:2 | אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי אָדָ֗ם לֹ֤א יַחְשֹׁ֬ב יְהוָ֣ה ל֣וֹ עָוֺ֑ן וְאֵ֖ין בְּרוּח֣וֹ רְמִיָּה׃ |
Blessed is the man To whom the Lord will not impute iniquity And in whose spirit is no deceit. |
Rom 4:8. |
| Ps 32:3 | כִּֽי־הֶ֭חֱרַשְׁתִּי בָּל֣וּ עֲצָמָ֑י בְּ֝שַׁאֲגָתִ֗י כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
When I was silent, My bones wasted away – When I roared all day long. |
|
| Ps 32:4 | כִּ֤י ׀ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַיְלָה֮ תִּכְבַּ֥ד עָלַ֗י יָ֫דֶ֥ךָ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְשַׁדִּ֑י בְּחַרְבֹ֖נֵי קַ֣יִץ סֶֽלָה׃ |
Because day and night your hand was heavy on me, My moisture turned into summer drought. Selah. |
moisture: standing for fervour, enthusiasm. |
| Ps 32:5 | חַטָּאתִ֨י אוֹדִ֪יעֲךָ֡ וַעֲוֺ֘נִ֤י לֹֽא־כִסִּ֗יתִי אָמַ֗רְתִּי אוֹדֶ֤ה עֲלֵ֣י פְ֭שָׁעַי לַיהוָ֑ה וְאַתָּ֨ה נָ֘שָׂ֤אתָ עֲוֺ֖ן חַטָּאתִ֣י סֶֽלָה׃ |
I acknowledge my sin to you, And I do not hide my iniquity. I have said, “I will make confession concerning my transgression to the Lord”, And you have forgiven the iniquity of my sin. Selah. |
|
| Ps 32:6 | עַל־זֹ֡את יִתְפַּלֵּ֬ל כָּל־חָסִ֨יד ׀ אֵלֶיךָ֮ לְעֵ֪ת מְ֫צֹ֥א רַ֗ק לְ֭שֵׁטֶף מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים אֵ֝לָ֗יו לֹ֣א יַגִּֽיעוּ׃ |
On account of this, every man of grace will pray to you At a time when you may be found. Surely in the flood of great waters, They will not be able to reach him. |
when you may be found ← of finding. |
| Ps 32:7 | אַתָּ֤ה ׀ סֵ֥תֶר לִי֮ מִצַּ֪ר תִּ֫צְּרֵ֥נִי רָנֵּ֥י פַלֵּ֑ט תְּס֖וֹבְבֵ֣נִי סֶֽלָה׃ |
You are my hiding place. You keep me from adversity; You surround me with shouts of deliverance. Selah. |
|
| Ps 32:8 | אַשְׂכִּֽילְךָ֨ ׀ וְֽאוֹרְךָ֗ בְּדֶֽרֶךְ־ז֥וּ תֵלֵ֑ךְ אִֽיעֲצָ֖ה עָלֶ֣יךָ עֵינִֽי׃ |
“I will instruct you, And I will teach you the way by which you will go. I will counsel you with my eye. |
|
| Ps 32:9 | אַל־תִּֽהְי֤וּ ׀ כְּס֥וּס כְּפֶרֶד֮ אֵ֤ין הָ֫בִ֥ין בְּמֶֽתֶג־וָרֶ֣סֶן עֶדְי֣וֹ לִבְל֑וֹם בַּ֝֗ל קְרֹ֣ב אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ |
Do not be like the horse or like the mule, Which cannot be made to understand, With a bit and bridle as their trappings to control them, Otherwise they will not come close to you.” |
|
| Ps 32:10 | רַבִּ֥ים מַכְאוֹבִ֗ים לָרָ֫שָׁ֥ע וְהַבּוֹטֵ֥חַ בַּיהוָ֑ה חֶ֝֗סֶד יְסוֹבְבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The wicked will have many pains, But as for him who trusts in the Lord, Kindness will surround him. |
|
| Ps 32:11 | שִׂמְח֬וּ בַֽיהוָ֣ה וְ֭גִילוּ צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְ֝הַרְנִ֗ינוּ כָּל־יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
Be glad in the Lord and rejoice, You righteous, And shout for joy, All you upright in heart. |
|
| Ps 33:1 | רַנְּנ֣וּ צַ֭דִּיקִים בַּֽיהוָ֑ה לַ֝יְשָׁרִ֗ים נָאוָ֥ה תְהִלָּֽה׃ |
Shout for joy, you righteous because of the Lord; Praise is becoming to the upright. |
you righteous because of the Lord: or, ≈ AV, you righteous, because of the Lord. (Note the comma.) So AV differs. Our translation suggests a divine source of righteousness. |
| Ps 33:2 | הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה בְּכִנּ֑וֹר בְּנֵ֥בֶל עָ֝שׂ֗וֹר זַמְּרוּ־לֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord with the harp; Make psalm melody with the ten-stringed lute. |
ten-stringed lute: AV differs, translating as two instruments. |
| Ps 33:3 | שִֽׁירוּ־ל֭וֹ שִׁ֣יר חָדָ֑שׁ הֵיטִ֥יבוּ נַ֝גֵּ֗ן בִּתְרוּעָֽה׃ |
Sing a new song to him; Strike up skilfully with jubilation. |
|
| Ps 33:4 | כִּֽי־יָשָׁ֥ר דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה וְכָל־מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗הוּ בֶּאֱמוּנָֽה׃ |
For the word of the Lord is upright, And all his dealings are performed faithfully. |
faithfully ← in faithfulness. |
| Ps 33:5 | אֹ֭הֵב צְדָקָ֣ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט חֶ֥סֶד יְ֝הוָ֗ה מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
He loves righteousness and justice; The earth is full of the Lord's kindness. |
earth: or land. |
| Ps 33:6 | בִּדְבַ֣ר יְ֭הוָה שָׁמַ֣יִם נַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּבְר֥וּחַ פִּ֝֗יו כָּל־צְבָאָֽם׃ |
By the word of the Lord, The heavens were made, And by the spirit of his mouth, All their array. |
Rev 14:7. |
| Ps 33:7 | כֹּנֵ֣ס כַּ֭נֵּד מֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם נֹתֵ֖ן בְּאֹצָר֣וֹת תְּהוֹמֽוֹת׃ |
He gathers up the waters of the sea into an accumulation; He puts the depths in treasuries. |
an accumulation ← the accumulation. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Ps 33:8 | יִֽירְא֣וּ מֵ֭יְהוָה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מִמֶּ֥נּוּ יָ֝ג֗וּרוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ |
Let all the earth fear the Lord; Let all the inhabitants of the world be afraid of him. |
be afraid: less likely is stand in awe [BDB]; [AnLx]= fear, and a cognate word in Ps 34:5 (Ps 34:4AV) requires fear. |
| Ps 33:9 | כִּ֤י ה֣וּא אָמַ֣ר וַיֶּ֑הִי הֽוּא־צִ֝וָּ֗ה וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד׃ |
For he spoke, and it came to pass; He commanded, and it stood firm. |
|
| Ps 33:10 | יְֽהוָ֗ה הֵפִ֥יר עֲצַת־גּוֹיִ֑ם הֵ֝נִ֗יא מַחְשְׁב֥וֹת עַמִּֽים׃ |
The Lord frustrates the counsel of the nations; He thwarts the designs of the various peoples. |
|
| Ps 33:11 | עֲצַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תַּעֲמֹ֑ד מַחְשְׁב֥וֹת לִ֝בּ֗וֹ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
The counsel of the Lord stands age-abidingly; The designs of his heart are from generation to generation. |
|
| Ps 33:12 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י הַ֭גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו הָעָ֓ם ׀ בָּחַ֖ר לְנַחֲלָ֣ה לֽוֹ׃ |
Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord – The people whom he has chosen as his inheritance. |
|
| Ps 33:13 | מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִבִּ֣יט יְהוָ֑ה רָ֝אָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ |
The Lord looks on from heaven; He sees all the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 33:14 | מִֽמְּכוֹן־שִׁבְתּ֥וֹ הִשְׁגִּ֑יחַ אֶ֖ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
From his place of residence he observes All the inhabitants of the earth |
|
| Ps 33:15 | הַיֹּצֵ֣ר יַ֣חַד לִבָּ֑ם הַ֝מֵּבִ֗ין אֶל־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ |
– That is he who formed their hearts all together And who discerns all their works. |
|
| Ps 33:16 | אֵֽין־הַ֭מֶּלֶךְ נוֹשָׁ֣ע בְּרָב־חָ֑יִל גִּ֝בּ֗וֹר לֹֽא־יִנָּצֵ֥ל בְּרָב־כֹּֽחַ׃ |
No king is saved by greatness of military force; A warrior is not delivered by greatness of strength. |
|
| Ps 33:17 | שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭סּוּס לִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה וּבְרֹ֥ב חֵ֝יל֗וֹ לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּֽט׃ |
A horse is a fallacious means of safety, And it does not provide deliverance by its great strength. |
safety ← salvation. |
| Ps 33:18 | הִנֵּ֤ה עֵ֣ין יְ֭הוָה אֶל־יְרֵאָ֑יו לַֽמְיַחֲלִ֥ים לְחַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Behold, the eye of the Lord is on those who fear him – On those who are waiting for his kindness, |
|
| Ps 33:19 | לְהַצִּ֣יל מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וּ֝לְחַיּוֹתָ֗ם בָּרָעָֽב׃ |
For their own salvation from death And for their preservation in famine. |
their own salvation ... their preservation ← the saving of their souls ... their preserving. Gerundial use of the infinitive (2x). |
| Ps 33:20 | נַ֭פְשֵׁנוּ חִכְּתָ֣ה לַֽיהוָ֑ה עֶזְרֵ֖נוּ וּמָגִנֵּ֣נוּ הֽוּא׃ |
“Our being is waiting for the Lord; He is our help and our shield. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 33:21 | כִּי־ב֭וֹ יִשְׂמַ֣ח לִבֵּ֑נוּ כִּ֤י בְשֵׁ֖ם קָדְשׁ֣וֹ בָטָֽחְנוּ׃ |
For in him our heart rejoices, For we trust in his holy name. |
his holy name ← the name of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 33:22 | יְהִֽי־חַסְדְּךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה עָלֵ֑ינוּ כַּ֝אֲשֶׁ֗ר יִחַ֥לְנוּ לָֽךְ׃ |
O Lord, may your kindness be upon us, According to how we have waited for you.” |
how: not necessarily a matter of degree; one could supply the fact that. |
| Ps 34:1 | לְדָוִ֗ד בְּשַׁנּוֹת֣וֹ אֶת־טַ֭עְמוֹ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַֽ֝יְגָרֲשֵׁ֗הוּ וַיֵּלַֽךְ׃ | A Psalm of David when he changed his behaviour in the presence of Abimelech, so that he drove him out and he went away. | |
| Ps 34:2 Ps 34:1AV |
אֲבָרֲכָ֣ה אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת תָּ֝מִ֗יד תְּֽהִלָּת֥וֹ בְּפִֽי׃ |
I will bless the Lord at all times; Praise of him is constantly in my mouth. |
praise of him ← his praise, an objective genitive (David praises him). |
| Ps 34:3 Ps 34:2AV |
בַּ֭יהוָה תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל נַפְשִׁ֑י יִשְׁמְע֖וּ עֲנָוִ֣ים וְיִשְׂמָֽחוּ׃ |
My being will be praised because of the Lord; The meek will hear it and rejoice. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 34:4 Ps 34:3AV |
גַּדְּל֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה אִתִּ֑י וּנְרוֹמְמָ֖ה שְׁמ֣וֹ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
Extol the Lord with me, And let us exalt his name together. |
|
| Ps 34:5 Ps 34:4AV |
דָּרַ֣שְׁתִּי אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה וְעָנָ֑נִי וּמִכָּל־מְ֝גוּרוֹתַ֗י הִצִּילָֽנִי׃ |
When I sought the Lord, He answered me, And he delivered me from all my fears. |
|
| Ps 34:6 Ps 34:5AV |
הִבִּ֣יטוּ אֵלָ֣יו וְנָהָ֑רוּ וּ֝פְנֵיהֶ֗ם אַל־יֶחְפָּֽרוּ׃ |
They looked to him and brightened up, And their faces were not ashamed. |
|
| Ps 34:7 Ps 34:6AV |
זֶ֤ה עָנִ֣י קָ֭רָא וַיהוָ֣ה שָׁמֵ֑עַ וּמִכָּל־צָ֝רוֹתָ֗יו הוֹשִׁיעֽוֹ׃ |
There was a certain poor man Who called out, And the Lord heard him And saved him from all his adversities. |
|
| Ps 34:8 Ps 34:7AV |
חֹנֶ֤ה מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֓ה סָ֘בִ֤יב לִֽירֵאָ֗יו וַֽיְחַלְּצֵֽם׃ |
The angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear him, And he delivers them. |
|
| Ps 34:9 Ps 34:8AV |
טַעֲמ֣וּ וּ֭רְאוּ כִּי־ט֣וֹב יְהוָ֑ה אַֽשְׁרֵ֥י הַ֝גֶּ֗בֶר יֶחֱסֶה־בּֽוֹ׃ |
Taste, and see that the Lord is good; Happy is the man who trusts in him. |
1 Pet 2:3. |
| Ps 34:10 Ps 34:9AV |
יְר֣אוּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה קְדֹשָׁ֑יו כִּי־אֵ֥ין מַ֝חְס֗וֹר לִירֵאָֽיו׃ |
Fear the Lord, you holy ones of his, For those who fear him have no lack of anything. |
|
| Ps 34:11 Ps 34:10AV |
כְּ֭פִירִים רָשׁ֣וּ וְרָעֵ֑בוּ וְדֹרְשֵׁ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹא־יַחְסְר֥וּ כָל־טֽוֹב׃ |
Lion cubs are reduced, And they hunger, But those who seek the Lord Will not suffer lack of any good thing. |
any ← every. |
| Ps 34:12 Ps 34:11AV |
לְֽכוּ־בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י יִֽרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה אֲלַמֶּדְכֶֽם׃ |
Come, you sons, and listen to me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 34:13 Ps 34:12AV |
מִֽי־הָ֭אִישׁ הֶחָפֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים אֹהֵ֥ב יָ֝מִ֗ים לִרְא֥וֹת טֽוֹב׃ |
Who is the man who delights in life? – Who loves days so as to see good? |
1 Pet 3:10. |
| Ps 34:14 Ps 34:13AV |
נְצֹ֣ר לְשׁוֹנְךָ֣ מֵרָ֑ע וּ֝שְׂפָתֶ֗יךָ מִדַּבֵּ֥ר מִרְמָֽה׃ |
Keep your tongue from evil And your lips from speaking deceit. |
1 Pet 3:10. |
| Ps 34:15 Ps 34:14AV |
ס֣וּר מֵ֭רָע וַעֲשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב בַּקֵּ֖שׁ שָׁל֣וֹם וְרָדְפֵֽהוּ׃ |
Depart from evil And do good; Seek peace And pursue it. |
1 Pet 3:11. |
| Ps 34:16 Ps 34:15AV |
עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה אֶל־צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְ֝אָזְנָ֗יו אֶל־שַׁוְעָתָֽם׃ |
The eyes of the Lord are directed to the righteous, And his ears to their crying out. |
1 Pet 3:12. |
| Ps 34:17 Ps 34:16AV |
פְּנֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה בְּעֹ֣שֵׂי רָ֑ע לְהַכְרִ֖ית מֵאֶ֣רֶץ זִכְרָֽם׃ |
The face of the Lord is against those who do evil, To cut off the memory of them from the earth. |
1 Pet 3:12.
earth: or land. |
| Ps 34:18 Ps 34:17AV |
צָעֲק֣וּ וַיהוָ֣ה שָׁמֵ֑עַ וּמִכָּל־צָ֝רוֹתָ֗ם הִצִּילָֽם׃ |
They call out, And the Lord hears, And he delivers them from all their adversities. |
they: relate to those of Ps 34:16 (Ps 34:15AV), because those of Ps 34:17 (Ps 34:16AV) are not remembered. |
| Ps 34:19 Ps 34:18AV |
קָר֣וֹב יְ֭הוָה לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵ֑ב וְֽאֶת־דַּכְּאֵי־ר֥וּחַ יוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
The Lord is near to the brokenhearted, And he saves those of contrite spirit. |
|
| Ps 34:20 Ps 34:19AV |
רַ֭בּוֹת רָע֣וֹת צַדִּ֑יק וּ֝מִכֻּלָּ֗ם יַצִּילֶ֥נּוּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Many are the woes of the righteous man, But the Lord delivers him from all of them. |
|
| Ps 34:21 Ps 34:20AV |
שֹׁמֵ֥ר כָּל־עַצְמוֹתָ֑יו אַחַ֥ת מֵ֝הֵ֗נָּה לֹ֣א נִשְׁבָּֽרָה׃ |
He keeps all his bones; Not one of them becomes broken. |
John 19:36. |
| Ps 34:22 Ps 34:21AV |
תְּמוֹתֵ֣ת רָשָׁ֣ע רָעָ֑ה וְשֹׂנְאֵ֖י צַדִּ֣יק יֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃ |
Evil will slay the wicked, And those who hate the righteous will be held guilty. |
will be held guilty: AV differs (shall be desolate), apparently taking the root as שָׁמֵם. |
| Ps 34:23 Ps 34:22AV |
פּוֹדֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲבָדָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יֶ֝אְשְׁמ֗וּ כָּֽל־הַחֹסִ֥ים בּֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord redeems the life of his servants, And none of those who trust in him Shall be held guilty. |
life ← soul.
shall be held guilty: AV differs (shall be desolate), as above. |
| Ps 35:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ רִיבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־יְרִיבַ֑י לְ֝חַ֗ם אֶת־לֹֽחֲמָֽי׃ |
A Psalm of David.
O Lord, contend with my adversaries; Do battle with those who do battle with me. |
|
| Ps 35:2 | הַחֲזֵ֣ק מָגֵ֣ן וְצִנָּ֑ה וְ֝ק֗וּמָה בְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃ |
Take hold of buckler and shield, And rise up to my assistance. |
buckler and shield: see Jer 46:3. |
| Ps 35:3 | וְהָ֘רֵ֤ק חֲנִ֣ית וּ֭סְגֹר לִקְרַ֣את רֹדְפָ֑י אֱמֹ֥ר לְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יְֽשֻׁעָתֵ֥ךְ אָֽנִי׃ |
And draw out the spear, And close in on those who pursue me. Say to my being, “I am your salvation.” |
[CB] lists this verse as one containing Lord*, a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32, but the verse does not contain either word.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 35:4 | יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ וְיִכָּלְמוּ֮ מְבַקְשֵׁ֪י נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י יִסֹּ֣גוּ אָח֣וֹר וְיַחְפְּר֑וּ חֹ֝שְׁבֵ֗י רָעָתִֽי׃ |
Let those who seek my life Be ashamed and suffer ignominy; Let those who devise my harm Be driven back and be disgraced. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 35:5 | יִֽהְי֗וּ כְּמֹ֥ץ לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ וּמַלְאַ֖ךְ יְהוָ֣ה דּוֹחֶֽה׃ |
Let them be like chaff before the wind, With the angel of the Lord driving them. |
|
| Ps 35:6 | יְֽהִי־דַרְכָּ֗ם חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וַחֲלַקְלַקּ֑וֹת וּמַלְאַ֥ךְ יְ֝הוָ֗ה רֹדְפָֽם׃ |
Let their way consist of darkness and slippery places, With the angel of the Lord pursuing them. |
|
| Ps 35:7 | כִּֽי־חִנָּ֣ם טָֽמְנוּ־לִ֭י שַׁ֣חַת רִשְׁתָּ֑ם חִ֝נָּ֗ם חָפְר֥וּ לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
For they secretly prepared without cause A pit with their net for me. Without cause they dug it for my life. |
secretly prepared ← hid.
life ← soul. |
| Ps 35:8 | תְּבוֹאֵ֣הוּ שׁוֹאָה֮ לֹֽא־יֵ֫דָ֥ע וְרִשְׁתּ֣וֹ אֲשֶׁר־טָמַ֣ן תִּלְכְּד֑וֹ בְּ֝שׁוֹאָ֗ה יִפָּל־בָּֽהּ׃ |
Let destruction come upon him, Which he will be unaware of, And let his net which he hid Catch him. Let him fall into it To his destruction. |
|
| Ps 35:9 | וְ֭נַפְשִׁי תָּגִ֣יל בַּיהוָ֑ה תָּ֝שִׂישׂ בִּישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃ |
Then my being will rejoice in the Lord; It will exult in his salvation. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 35:10 | כָּ֥ל עַצְמוֹתַ֨י ׀ תֹּאמַרְנָה֮ יְהוָ֗ה מִ֥י כָ֫מ֥וֹךָ מַצִּ֣יל עָ֭נִי מֵחָזָ֣ק מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָנִ֥י וְ֝אֶבְי֗וֹן מִגֹּזְלֽוֹ׃ |
All my bones say, “O Lord, who is like you? – Delivering the afflicted From him who is stronger than he, And the afflicted and poor From him who exploits them.” |
exploits them ← plunders him, but when the victim has nothing worth taking, exploits. |
| Ps 35:11 | יְ֭קוּמוּן עֵדֵ֣י חָמָ֑ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי יִשְׁאָלֽוּנִי׃ |
False witnesses rise up And interrogate me concerning things Which I do not know about. |
false ← violent, but here in the sense of doing violence to the law. |
| Ps 35:12 | יְשַׁלְּמ֣וּנִי רָ֭עָה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָ֗ה שְׁכ֣וֹל לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
They repay me evil for good, Leaving me destitute. |
leaving me destitute ← (to) the destitution of my soul. |
| Ps 35:13 | וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ בַּחֲלוֹתָ֡ם לְב֬וּשִׁי שָׂ֗ק עִנֵּ֣יתִי בַצּ֣וֹם נַפְשִׁ֑י וּ֝תְפִלָּתִ֗י עַל־חֵיקִ֥י תָשֽׁוּב׃ |
Whilst I, when they were sick, Wore sackcloth for my clothing. I afflicted myself with fasting, But my prayer returned to my own bosom. |
myself ← my soul.
my prayer returned to my own bosom: i.e. my prayer for others was to no avail, but it will benefit me instead, but other explanations are possible; see the commentaries. |
| Ps 35:14 | כְּרֵֽעַ־כְּאָ֣ח לִ֭י הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי כַּאֲבֶל־אֵ֝֗ם קֹדֵ֥ר שַׁחֽוֹתִי׃ |
I conducted myself as to a friend or as to a brother of mine; I was downcast in melancholy, As one mourning for his mother. |
|
| Ps 35:15 | וּבְצַלְעִי֮ שָׂמְח֪וּ וְֽנֶאֱ֫סָ֥פוּ נֶאֶסְפ֬וּ עָלַ֣י נֵ֭כִים וְלֹ֣א יָדַ֑עְתִּי קָֽרְע֥וּ וְלֹא־דָֽמּוּ׃ |
When I keeled over, They rejoiced, And slanderers gathered themselves against me more and more. And I did not recognize their accusations As they tore at me without stopping, |
slanderers: as [AnLx], from smiters (with the tongue), which fits the context. [CB]= outcasts, as if from נָכֶה, not נֵכֶה. |
| Ps 35:16 | בְּ֭חַנְפֵי לַעֲגֵ֣י מָע֑וֹג חָרֹ֖ק עָלַ֣י שִׁנֵּֽימוֹ׃ |
With profane cake mockers, Who gnash their teeth at me instead. |
cake mockers: an obscure expression, perhaps a play on words (ayin-gimel sound). It may refer to professional jesters who have turned their attention from “cake” to David.
gnash: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Ps 35:17 | אֲדֹנָי֮ כַּמָּ֪ה תִּ֫רְאֶ֥ה הָשִׁ֣יבָה נַ֭פְשִׁי מִשֹּׁאֵיהֶ֑ם מִ֝כְּפִירִ֗ים יְחִידָתִֽי׃ |
O Lord*, how long will you look on? Rescue my life from their devastations; Rescue my most dear from the lion cubs. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
life ← soul. most dear: see Ps 22:21 (Ps 22:20AV). |
| Ps 35:18 | א֭וֹדְךָ בְּקָהָ֣ל רָ֑ב בְּעַ֖ם עָצ֣וּם אֲהַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃ |
I will give you thanks in a great convocation; I will praise you among a numerous people. |
numerous: or mighty. |
| Ps 35:19 | אַֽל־יִשְׂמְחוּ־לִ֣י אֹיְבַ֣י שֶׁ֑קֶר שֹׂנְאַ֥י חִ֝נָּ֗ם יִקְרְצוּ־עָֽיִן׃ |
Do not let my enemies rejoice over me on the basis of falsehood, Nor let those who hate me without cause gloat over me. |
John 15:25. |
| Ps 35:20 | כִּ֤י לֹ֥א שָׁל֗וֹם יְדַ֫בֵּ֥רוּ וְעַ֥ל רִגְעֵי־אֶ֑רֶץ דִּבְרֵ֥י מִ֝רְמוֹת יַחֲשֹׁבֽוּן׃ |
For they do not speak peace, But they conceive deceitful words Against those who are quiet in the land. |
deceitful words ← words of deceit, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 35:21 | וַיַּרְחִ֥יבוּ עָלַ֗י פִּ֫יהֶ֥ם אָ֭מְרוּ הֶאָ֣ח ׀ הֶאָ֑ח רָאֲתָ֥ה עֵינֵֽינוּ׃ |
And they have railed at me; They have said, “Ha, ha! Our eye has seen it.” |
railed ← widened the mouth.
seen it: i.e. seen what we wanted – David in a strait. |
| Ps 35:22 | רָאִ֣יתָה יְ֭הוָה אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י אֲל־תִּרְחַ֥ק מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
You have seen it, O Lord; Do not be silent. O Lord*, do not be far from me. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 35:23 | הָעִ֣ירָה וְ֭הָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִ֑י אֱלֹהַ֖י וַֽאדֹנָ֣י לְרִיבִֽי׃ |
Rouse yourself And awaken to my case, O God of mine and my Lord – For my cause. |
|
| Ps 35:24 | שָׁפְטֵ֣נִי כְ֭צִדְקְךָ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֗י וְאַל־יִשְׂמְחוּ־לִֽי׃ |
Judge me according to your righteousness, O Lord my God, And do not let them rejoice over me. |
|
| Ps 35:25 | אַל־יֹאמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם הֶאָ֣ח נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ אַל־יֹ֝אמְר֗וּ בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃ |
Do not let them say in their heart, “Ha, we have our desire.” Do not let them say, “We have swallowed him up.” |
desire ← soul. |
| Ps 35:26 | יֵ֘בֹ֤שׁוּ וְיַחְפְּר֨וּ ׀ יַחְדָּו֮ שְׂמֵחֵ֪י רָעָ֫תִ֥י יִֽלְבְּשׁוּ־בֹ֥שֶׁת וּכְלִמָּ֑ה הַֽמַּגְדִּילִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃ |
Let those who rejoice in me being harmed Be completely put to shame and disgraced. And let those who triumph over me Be clothed in shame and ignominy. |
triumph ← make great. |
| Ps 35:27 | יָרֹ֣נּוּ וְיִשְׂמְחוּ֮ חֲפֵצֵ֪י צִ֫דְקִ֥י וְיֹאמְר֣וּ תָ֭מִיד יִגְדַּ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה הֶ֝חָפֵ֗ץ שְׁל֣וֹם עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Let those who delight in my justice Shout for joy and rejoice And continually say, “Let the Lord, who delights in his servant's peace, Be magnified.” |
|
| Ps 35:28 | וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי תֶּהְגֶּ֣ה צִדְקֶ֑ךָ כָּל־הַ֝יּוֹם תְּהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
And my tongue will utter your righteousness And your praise, all day long. |
|
| Ps 36:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ לְעֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֬ה לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David the servant of the Lord. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 36:2 Ps 36:1AV |
נְאֻֽם־פֶּ֣שַׁע לָ֭רָשָׁע בְּקֶ֣רֶב לִבִּ֑י אֵֽין־פַּ֥חַד אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ |
The transgressive speech of the wicked man is, “In my heart there is no fear of God before his eyes.” |
Rom 3:18.
transgressive speech ← speech of transgression, a Hebraic genitive. in my heart ← in the middle of my heart. |
| Ps 36:3 Ps 36:2AV |
כִּֽי־הֶחֱלִ֣יק אֵלָ֣יו בְּעֵינָ֑יו לִמְצֹ֖א עֲוֺנ֣וֹ לִשְׂנֹֽא׃ |
For he flatters himself in his own sight, Indifferent to finding iniquity in himself – Indifferent to being hateful. |
finding ... being hateful: gerundial use of the infinitives. AV differs (be found to be hateful). |
| Ps 36:4 Ps 36:3AV |
דִּבְרֵי־פִ֭יו אָ֣וֶן וּמִרְמָ֑ה חָדַ֖ל לְהַשְׂכִּ֣יל לְהֵיטִֽיב׃ |
The words of his mouth are vanity and deceit. He has ceased acting wisely And doing what is good. |
|
| Ps 36:5 Ps 36:4AV |
אָ֤וֶן ׀ יַחְשֹׁ֗ב עַֽל־מִשְׁכָּ֫ב֥וֹ יִ֭תְיַצֵּב עַל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ לֹא־ט֑וֹב רָ֝֗ע לֹ֣א יִמְאָֽס׃ |
He devises vanity on his couch; He takes his stand on a way that is not good. He does not reject evil. |
|
| Ps 36:6 Ps 36:5AV |
יְ֭הוָה בְּהַשָּׁמַ֣יִם חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ אֱ֝מֽוּנָתְךָ֗ עַד־שְׁחָקִֽים׃ |
O Lord, your kindness is in heaven; Your faithfulness reaches to the skies. |
|
| Ps 36:7 Ps 36:6AV |
צִדְקָֽתְךָ֨ ׀ כְּֽהַרְרֵי־אֵ֗ל מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶךָ תְּה֣וֹם רַבָּ֑ה אָ֤דָֽם־וּבְהֵמָ֖ה תוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Your righteousness is like tremendous mountains; Your justice is like a great deep. O Lord, you save man and beast. |
tremendous mountains ← mountains of God. An idiom for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6, but the word for God there is different. |
| Ps 36:8 Ps 36:7AV |
מַה־יָּקָ֥ר חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים וּבְנֵ֥י אָדָ֑ם בְּצֵ֥ל כְּ֝נָפֶ֗יךָ יֶחֱסָיֽוּן׃ |
How precious your kindness is, O God, As the sons of Adam shelter in the shade of your wings. |
as: wider use of the vav.
shelter: or trust. |
| Ps 36:9 Ps 36:8AV |
יִ֭רְוְיֻן מִדֶּ֣שֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְנַ֖חַל עֲדָנֶ֣יךָ תַשְׁקֵֽם׃ |
They will be satiated with the fat of your house, And you will give them drink With your pleasurable brook. |
your pleasurable brook ← brook of your pleasures, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 36:10 Ps 36:9AV |
כִּֽי־עִ֭מְּךָ מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים בְּ֝אוֹרְךָ֗ נִרְאֶה־אֽוֹר׃ |
For the fountain of life is with you; In your light, we will see light. |
|
| Ps 36:11 Ps 36:10AV |
מְשֹׁ֣ךְ חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ לְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
Continue your kindness With those who know you, And your righteousness With the upright in heart. |
|
| Ps 36:12 Ps 36:11AV |
אַל־תְּ֭בוֹאֵנִי רֶ֣גֶל גַּאֲוָ֑ה וְיַד־רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים אַל־תְּנִדֵֽנִי׃ |
Do not let a proud foot come upon me, And do not let the hand of the wicked drive me off course. |
a proud foot ← a foot of pride, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 36:13 Ps 36:12AV |
שָׁ֣ם נָ֭פְלוּ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן דֹּ֝ח֗וּ וְלֹא־יָ֥כְלוּ קֽוּם׃ |
That is where perpetrators of iniquity have fallen; They have been thrust down, And they cannot get up. |
|
| Ps 37:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ אַל־תִּתְחַ֥ר בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים אַל־תְּ֝קַנֵּ֗א בְּעֹשֵׂ֥י עַוְלָֽה׃ |
A Psalm of David.
Do not be infuriated by evildoers; Do not be envious of perpetrators of injustice. |
|| Prov 24:19. |
| Ps 37:2 | כִּ֣י כֶ֭חָצִיר מְהֵרָ֣ה יִמָּ֑לוּ וּכְיֶ֥רֶק דֶּ֝֗שֶׁא יִבּוֹלֽוּן׃ |
For they will quickly be cut down like wild herbage And will wither like green grass. |
|
| Ps 37:3 | בְּטַ֣ח בַּֽ֭יהוָה וַעֲשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב שְׁכָן־אֶ֝֗רֶץ וּרְעֵ֥ה אֱמוּנָֽה׃ |
Trust in the Lord and do good; Dwell in the land And feed on faithfulness. |
feed on faithfulness: AV differs (verily thou shalt be fed). |
| Ps 37:4 | וְהִתְעַנַּ֥ג עַל־יְהוָ֑ה וְיִֽתֶּן־לְ֝ךָ֗ מִשְׁאֲלֹ֥ת לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
And delight in the Lord, And he will grant you the requests of your heart. |
|
| Ps 37:5 | גּ֣וֹל עַל־יְהוָ֣ה דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ וּבְטַ֥ח עָ֝לָ֗יו וְה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ |
Entrust your way to the Lord, And trust in him, And he will perform it. |
entrust ← roll. |
| Ps 37:6 | וְהוֹצִ֣יא כָא֣וֹר צִדְקֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מִשְׁפָּטֶ֗ךָ כַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ |
And he will bring out your righteousness like light, And your justice like midday. |
|
| Ps 37:7 | דּ֤וֹם ׀ לַיהוָה֮ וְהִתְח֪וֹלֵ֫ל ל֥וֹ אַל־תִּ֭תְחַר בְּמַצְלִ֣יחַ דַּרְכּ֑וֹ בְּ֝אִ֗ישׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה מְזִמּֽוֹת׃ |
Be still before the Lord, And wait for him. Do not be infuriated by him who makes his way a success – By a man who engages in intrigues. |
|
| Ps 37:8 | הֶ֣רֶף מֵ֭אַף וַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵמָ֑ה אַל־תִּ֝תְחַ֗ר אַךְ־לְהָרֵֽעַ׃ |
Cease from anger And abandon fury; Do not be infuriated, Which just leads to acting wickedly. |
|
| Ps 37:9 | כִּֽי־מְ֭רֵעִים יִכָּרֵת֑וּן וְקֹוֵ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה הֵ֣מָּה יִֽירְשׁוּ־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
For those who act wickedly will be cut off, But those who await the Lord Will inherit the earth. |
earth ← land. |
| Ps 37:10 | וְע֣וֹד מְ֭עַט וְאֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע וְהִתְבּוֹנַ֖נְתָּ עַל־מְקוֹמ֣וֹ וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ |
And in just a little while, There will not be any wicked. As soon as you have taken stock of his position, He will not be there. |
as soon as: wide use of the vav. |
| Ps 37:11 | וַעֲנָוִ֥ים יִֽירְשׁוּ־אָ֑רֶץ וְ֝הִתְעַנְּג֗וּ עַל־רֹ֥ב שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
But the meek shall inherit the earth And delight in great peace. |
Matt 5:5.
earth: or land. great peace ← greatness of peace. A reverse Hebraic genitive; compare Dan 11:20. |
| Ps 37:12 | זֹמֵ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וְחֹרֵ֖ק עָלָ֣יו שִׁנָּֽיו׃ |
The wicked man schemes against the righteous man And gnashes his teeth at him. |
|
| Ps 37:13 | אֲדֹנָ֥י יִשְׂחַק־ל֑וֹ כִּֽי־רָ֝אָ֗ה כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א יוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord* will laugh at him, For he has seen that his day will come. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 37:14 | חֶ֤רֶב ׀ פָּֽתְח֣וּ רְשָׁעִים֮ וְדָרְכ֪וּ קַ֫שְׁתָּ֥ם לְ֭הַפִּיל עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן לִ֝טְב֗וֹחַ יִשְׁרֵי־דָֽרֶךְ׃ |
The wicked unsheathe a sword And draw their bow, In order to fell the poor and the needy, And to slaughter those of an upright way. |
|
| Ps 37:15 | חַ֭רְבָּם תָּב֣וֹא בְלִבָּ֑ם וְ֝קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֗ם תִּשָּׁבַֽרְנָה׃ |
Their sword will go into their own heart, And their bows will be broken up. |
|
| Ps 37:16 | טוֹב־מְ֭עַט לַצַּדִּ֑יק מֵ֝הֲמ֗וֹן רְשָׁעִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ |
The little that the righteous man has Is better than the much of the many wicked. |
|
| Ps 37:17 | כִּ֤י זְרוֹע֣וֹת רְ֭שָׁעִים תִּשָּׁבַ֑רְנָה וְסוֹמֵ֖ךְ צַדִּיקִ֣ים יְהוָֽה׃ |
For the arms of the wicked will be broken, But the Lord upholds the righteous. |
arms: of the body (not weapons). |
| Ps 37:18 | יוֹדֵ֣עַ יְ֭הוָה יְמֵ֣י תְמִימִ֑ם וְ֝נַחֲלָתָ֗ם לְעוֹלָ֥ם תִּהְיֶֽה׃ |
The Lord knows the days of those with integrity, Whose inheritance will be age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 37:19 | לֹֽא־יֵ֭בֹשׁוּ בְּעֵ֣ת רָעָ֑ה וּבִימֵ֖י רְעָב֣וֹן יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃ |
They shall not be ashamed at an evil time, And in days of famine, they will be satiated. |
|
| Ps 37:20 | כִּ֤י רְשָׁעִ֨ים ׀ יֹאבֵ֗דוּ וְאֹיְבֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה כִּיקַ֣ר כָּרִ֑ים כָּל֖וּ בֶעָשָׁ֣ן כָּֽלוּ׃ |
For the wicked will perish, And the enemies of the Lord are like the prime part of fatted lambs. They will be consumed; In smoke they will be consumed. |
|
| Ps 37:21 | לֹוֶ֣ה רָ֭שָׁע וְלֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק חוֹנֵ֥ן וְנוֹתֵֽן׃ |
The wicked man borrows and does not repay, But the righteous man shows compassion and gives. |
repay ← pay. “Re-” often not expressed. See Ps 22:32 (Ps 22:31AV). |
| Ps 37:22 | כִּ֣י מְ֭בֹרָכָיו יִ֣ירְשׁוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝מְקֻלָּלָ֗יו יִכָּרֵֽתוּ׃ |
For those blessed by him will inherit the earth, But those cursed by him will be cut off. |
earth: or land. |
| Ps 37:23 | מֵ֭יְהוָה מִֽצְעֲדֵי־גֶ֥בֶר כּוֹנָ֗נוּ וְדַרְכּ֥וֹ יֶחְפָּֽץ׃ |
Man's steps are made firm by the Lord, And he delights in his way. |
|
| Ps 37:24 | כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל לֹֽא־יוּטָ֑ל כִּֽי־יְ֝הוָ֗ה סוֹמֵ֥ךְ יָדֽוֹ׃ |
If he falls, He will not be cast out, For the Lord supports his hand. |
his hand: AV differs (with his hand). |
| Ps 37:25 | נַ֤עַר ׀ הָיִ֗יתִי גַּם־זָ֫קַ֥נְתִּי וְֽלֹא־רָ֭אִיתִי צַדִּ֣יק נֶעֱזָ֑ב וְ֝זַרְע֗וֹ מְבַקֶּשׁ־לָֽחֶם׃ |
I was once a young man, But now I am old, And I have not seen a righteous man forsaken, Nor seen his seed seeking bread. |
|
| Ps 37:26 | כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם חוֹנֵ֣ן וּמַלְוֶ֑ה וְ֝זַרְע֗וֹ לִבְרָכָֽה׃ |
He is compassionate and lends all day, And his seed is a blessing. |
a blessing ← for a blessing. AV differs (blessed). |
| Ps 37:27 | ס֣וּר מֵ֭רָע וַעֲשֵׂה־ט֗וֹב וּשְׁכֹ֥ן לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
Depart from evil and do good, And so dwell age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 37:28 | כִּ֤י יְהוָ֨ה ׀ אֹ֘הֵ֤ב מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וְלֹא־יַעֲזֹ֣ב אֶת־חֲ֭סִידָיו לְעוֹלָ֣ם נִשְׁמָ֑רוּ וְזֶ֖רַע רְשָׁעִ֣ים נִכְרָֽת׃ |
For the Lord loves justice, And he does not forsake those of his grace. They are kept safe age-abidingly, But the seed of the wicked is cut off. |
|
| Ps 37:29 | צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִֽירְשׁוּ־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ לָעַ֣ד עָלֶֽיהָ׃ |
The righteous will inherit the earth And will dwell on it perpetually. |
earth: or land. |
| Ps 37:30 | פִּֽי־צַ֭דִּיק יֶהְגֶּ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה וּ֝לְשׁוֹנ֗וֹ תְּדַבֵּ֥ר מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
The mouth of the righteous utters wisdom, And his tongue speaks justice. |
|
| Ps 37:31 | תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהָ֣יו בְּלִבּ֑וֹ לֹ֖א תִמְעַ֣ד אֲשֻׁרָיו׃ |
The law of his God is in his heart; None of his steps stumbles. |
|
| Ps 37:32 | צוֹפֶ֣ה רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּ֝מְבַקֵּ֗שׁ לַהֲמִיתוֹ׃ |
The wicked watches for the righteous And endeavours to kill him. |
endeavours ← seeks. |
| Ps 37:33 | יְ֭הוָה לֹא־יַעַזְבֶ֣נּוּ בְיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יַ֝רְשִׁיעֶ֗נּוּ בְּהִשָּׁפְטֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord will not leave him in his hand, Nor will he condemn him when he is judged. |
|
| Ps 37:34 | קַוֵּ֤ה אֶל־יְהוָ֨ה ׀ וּשְׁמֹ֬ר דַּרְכּ֗וֹ וִֽ֭ירוֹמִמְךָ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אָ֑רֶץ בְּהִכָּרֵ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
Wait for the Lord, And guard his way, And he will exalt you in inheriting the earth. When the wicked are cut off, You will see it. |
in inheriting: gerundial use of the infinitive.
earth: or land. |
| Ps 37:35 | רָ֭אִיתִי רָשָׁ֣ע עָרִ֑יץ וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃ |
I have seen a wicked, violent man Spreading himself like a luxuriant native tree. |
|
| Ps 37:36 | וַ֭יַּֽעֲבֹר וְהִנֵּ֣ה אֵינֶ֑נּוּ וָֽ֝אֲבַקְשֵׁ֗הוּ וְלֹ֣א נִמְצָֽא׃ |
Then he passes away, And behold, he is not there, And although I might seek him, He is not to be found. |
|
| Ps 37:37 | שְׁמָר־תָּ֭ם וּרְאֵ֣ה יָשָׁ֑ר כִּֽי־אַחֲרִ֖ית לְאִ֣ישׁ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
Maintain integrity And see to being upright, For the final state of man is peace. |
being upright: we would prefer re-pointing to יֺשֶׁר, uprightness.
integrity: AV differs, taking it adjectivally (the perfect man). |
| Ps 37:38 | וּֽ֭פֹשְׁעִים נִשְׁמְד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֑ו אַחֲרִ֖ית רְשָׁעִ֣ים נִכְרָֽתָה׃ |
But transgressors will be completely destroyed; The final state of the wicked is to be cut off. |
completely ← altogether. |
| Ps 37:39 | וּתְשׁוּעַ֣ת צַ֭דִּיקִים מֵיְהוָ֑ה מָֽ֝עוּזָּ֗ם בְּעֵ֣ת צָרָֽה׃ |
But the salvation of the righteous is from the Lord; He is their stronghold in the time of tribulation. |
|
| Ps 37:40 | וַֽיַּעְזְרֵ֥ם יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְפַ֫לְּטֵ֥ם יְפַלְּטֵ֣ם מֵ֭רְשָׁעִים וְיוֹשִׁיעֵ֑ם כִּי־חָ֥סוּ בֽוֹ׃ |
And the Lord will help them and deliver them; He will deliver them from the wicked ones And save them, For they have trusted in him. |
|
| Ps 38:1 | מִזְמ֖וֹר לְדָוִ֣ד לְהַזְכִּֽיר׃ | A Psalm of David to bring to remembrance. | |
| Ps 38:2 Ps 38:1AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה אַל־בְּקֶצְפְּךָ֥ תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי וּֽבַחֲמָתְךָ֥ תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord, do not rebuke me in your anger, Nor chasten me in your fury. |
|
| Ps 38:3 Ps 38:2AV |
כִּֽי־חִ֭צֶּיךָ נִ֣חֲתוּ בִ֑י וַתִּנְחַ֖ת עָלַ֣י יָדֶֽךָ׃ |
For your arrows rain down on me, And your hand descends onto me. |
|
| Ps 38:4 Ps 38:3AV |
אֵין־מְתֹ֣ם בִּ֭בְשָׂרִי מִפְּנֵ֣י זַעְמֶ֑ךָ אֵין־שָׁל֥וֹם בַּ֝עֲצָמַ֗י מִפְּנֵ֥י חַטָּאתִֽי׃ |
There is nothing unscathed in my flesh On account of your indignation; There is no peace in my bones On account of my sin. |
peace: or, here, comfort. |
| Ps 38:5 Ps 38:4AV |
כִּ֣י עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי עָבְר֣וּ רֹאשִׁ֑י כְּמַשָּׂ֥א כָ֝בֵ֗ד יִכְבְּד֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
For my iniquities extend beyond my head; They weigh down like a burden too heavy for me. |
|
| Ps 38:6 Ps 38:5AV |
הִבְאִ֣ישׁוּ נָ֭מַקּוּ חַבּוּרֹתָ֑י מִ֝פְּנֵ֗י אִוַּלְתִּֽי׃ |
My scars are loathsome; They are a flux because of my folly. |
|
| Ps 38:7 Ps 38:6AV |
נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי שַׁחֹ֣תִי עַד־מְאֹ֑ד כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם קֹדֵ֥ר הִלָּֽכְתִּי׃ |
I am buckled, I have been brought low in the extreme; I go mourning all day long. |
|
| Ps 38:8 Ps 38:7AV |
כִּֽי־כְ֭סָלַי מָלְא֣וּ נִקְלֶ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין מְ֝תֹ֗ם בִּבְשָׂרִֽי׃ |
For my loins are full of inflammation, And there is nothing unscathed in my flesh. |
|
| Ps 38:9 Ps 38:8AV |
נְפוּג֣וֹתִי וְנִדְכֵּ֣יתִי עַד־מְאֹ֑ד שָׁ֝אַ֗גְתִּי מִֽנַּהֲמַ֥ת לִבִּֽי׃ |
I have become languid, And I have been crushed in the extreme. I roar with the growling of my heart. |
|
| Ps 38:10 Ps 38:9AV |
אֲֽדֹנָי נֶגְדְּךָ֥ כָל־תַּאֲוָתִ֑י וְ֝אַנְחָתִ֗י מִמְּךָ֥ לֹא־נִסְתָּֽרָה׃ |
O Lord*, all my yearning is set before you, And my sighing is not concealed from you. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 38:11 Ps 38:10AV |
לִבִּ֣י סְ֭חַרְחַר עֲזָבַ֣נִי כֹחִ֑י וְֽאוֹר־עֵינַ֥י גַּם־הֵ֝֗ם אֵ֣ין אִתִּֽי׃ |
My heart palpitates; My strength has deserted me, And the light of my eyes is not with me either. |
|
| Ps 38:12 Ps 38:11AV |
אֹֽהֲבַ֨י ׀ וְרֵעַ֗י מִנֶּ֣גֶד נִגְעִ֣י יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ וּ֝קְרוֹבַ֗י מֵרָחֹ֥ק עָמָֽדוּ׃ |
Those who love me, and my friends, stand back at my plight, And my acquaintances station themselves at a distance, |
stand ... station themselves ← stand ... stand. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 38:13 Ps 38:12AV |
וַיְנַקְשׁ֤וּ ׀ מְבַקְשֵׁ֬י נַפְשִׁ֗י וְדֹרְשֵׁ֣י רָ֭עָתִי דִּבְּר֣וּ הַוּ֑וֹת וּ֝מִרְמ֗וֹת כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם יֶהְגּֽוּ׃ |
While those who seek my life lay snares, And those intent on harming me Speak pernicious things And contemplate deceitful plots all day long. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 38:14 Ps 38:13AV |
וַאֲנִ֣י כְ֭חֵרֵשׁ לֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֑ע וּ֝כְאִלֵּ֗ם לֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּֽיו׃ |
But I, like a deaf person, do not hear it, And like a mute person, Who does not open his mouth. |
|
| Ps 38:15 Ps 38:14AV |
וָאֱהִ֗י כְּ֭אִישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־שֹׁמֵ֑עַ וְאֵ֥ין בְּ֝פִ֗יו תּוֹכָחֽוֹת׃ |
And I was like a man who did not hear it, In whose mouth were no reproofs. |
|
| Ps 38:16 Ps 38:15AV |
כִּֽי־לְךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה הוֹחָ֑לְתִּי אַתָּ֥ה תַ֝עֲנֶ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֥י אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
For I have waited for you, O Lord. You will answer, O Lord* my God. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 38:17 Ps 38:16AV |
כִּֽי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי פֶּן־יִשְׂמְחוּ־לִ֑י בְּמ֥וֹט רַ֝גְלִ֗י עָלַ֥י הִגְדִּֽילוּ׃ |
For I have said, “So that they do not rejoice over me, Or triumph over me when my foot falters.” |
|
| Ps 38:18 Ps 38:17AV |
כִּֽי־אֲ֭נִי לְצֶ֣לַע נָכ֑וֹן וּמַכְאוֹבִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃ |
For I am on the point of keeling over, And my grief is in front of me all the time. |
|
| Ps 38:19 Ps 38:18AV |
כִּֽי־עֲוֺנִ֥י אַגִּ֑יד אֶ֝דְאַ֗ג מֵֽחַטָּאתִֽי׃ |
For I will confess my iniquity; I am anxious about my sin. |
|
| Ps 38:20 Ps 38:19AV |
וְֽ֭אֹיְבַי חַיִּ֣ים עָצֵ֑מוּ וְרַבּ֖וּ שֹׂנְאַ֣י שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Meanwhile my enemies are alive And have become strong. And those who hate me on false grounds Have become numerous. |
meanwhile: wider use of the vav.
on false grounds ← a lie. |
| Ps 38:21 Ps 38:20AV |
וּמְשַׁלְּמֵ֣י רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה יִ֝שְׂטְנ֗וּנִי תַּ֣חַת *רדופי־**רָֽדְפִי־טֽוֹב׃ |
And those who requite evil instead of good Oppose me for my pursuit of good. |
my pursuit: infinitives with a pronominal suffix. The ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Ps 38:22 Ps 38:21AV |
אַל־תַּֽעַזְבֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֑ה אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אַל־תִּרְחַ֥ק מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Do not abandon me, O Lord; O God of mine, do not be far from me. |
|
| Ps 38:23 Ps 38:22AV |
ח֥וּשָׁה לְעֶזְרָתִ֑י אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י תְּשׁוּעָתִֽי׃ |
Hasten to help me, O Lord* of my salvation. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 39:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ *לידיתון **לִֽידוּת֗וּן מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster – to {Q: Jeduthun} [K: Jedithun].↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. The qeré agrees with all other occurrences except 1 Chr 16:38. |
| Ps 39:2 Ps 39:1AV |
אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶֽשְׁמְרָ֣ה דְרָכַי֮ מֵחֲט֪וֹא בִלְשׁ֫וֹנִ֥י אֶשְׁמְרָ֥ה לְפִ֥י מַחְס֑וֹם בְּעֹ֖ד רָשָׁ֣ע לְנֶגְדִּֽי׃ |
I have resolved that I will keep my ways, Not sinning with my tongue; I will restrain my mouth with a muzzle As long as the wicked one is still before me. |
resolved ← said.
not ← from, the linkage with the verb to keep. |
| Ps 39:3 Ps 39:2AV |
נֶאֱלַ֣מְתִּי ד֭וּמִיָּה הֶחֱשֵׁ֣יתִי מִטּ֑וֹב וּכְאֵבִ֥י נֶעְכָּֽר׃ |
I was mute – in silence. I was quiet because of my good situation, Then sorrow came upon me. |
sorrow came upon me ← my pain became troublesome / became excited. |
| Ps 39:4 Ps 39:3AV |
חַם־לִבִּ֨י ׀ בְּקִרְבִּ֗י בַּהֲגִיגִ֥י תִבְעַר־אֵ֑שׁ דִּ֝בַּ֗רְתִּי בִּלְשֽׁוֹנִי׃ |
My heart was hot within me, A fire was burning in my contemplation; I spoke with my tongue. |
|
| Ps 39:5 Ps 39:4AV |
הוֹדִ֘יעֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֨ה ׀ קִצִּ֗י וּמִדַּ֣ת יָמַ֣י מַה־הִ֑יא אֵ֝דְעָ֗ה מֶה־חָדֵ֥ל אָֽנִי׃ |
O Lord, make my end known to me, And what the measure of my days is, So that I may know how transient I am. |
transient: [AnLx]= ceasing to be; [BDB]= transient. |
| Ps 39:6 Ps 39:5AV |
הִנֵּ֤ה טְפָח֨וֹת ׀ נָ֘תַ֤תָּה יָמַ֗י וְחֶלְדִּ֣י כְאַ֣יִן נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ אַ֥ךְ כָּֽל־הֶ֥בֶל כָּל־אָ֝דָ֗ם נִצָּ֥ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
Look, you have appointed my days to be as handbreadths, And my lifespan is as nothing before you. Surely all mankind is appointed to nothing but vanity. Selah. |
nothing but ← all. Compare Ps 138:2. |
| Ps 39:7 Ps 39:6AV |
אַךְ־בְּצֶ֤לֶם ׀ יִֽתְהַלֶּךְ־אִ֗ישׁ אַךְ־הֶ֥בֶל יֶהֱמָי֑וּן יִ֝צְבֹּ֗ר וְֽלֹא־יֵדַ֥ע מִי־אֹסְפָֽם׃ |
Surely man walks around in a shadow; Surely men are in a commotion in vanity. He heaps things up But does not know who will collect them. |
shadow: or illusion; perhaps even delusion. |
| Ps 39:8 Ps 39:7AV |
וְעַתָּ֣ה מַה־קִּוִּ֣יתִי אֲדֹנָ֑י תּ֝וֹחַלְתִּ֗י לְךָ֣ הִֽיא׃ |
And now, O Lord*, what have I hoped for? My hope is pinned on you. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 39:9 Ps 39:8AV |
מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעַ֥י הַצִּילֵ֑נִי חֶרְפַּ֥ת נָ֝בָ֗ל אַל־תְּשִׂימֵֽנִי׃ |
Deliver me from all my transgressions; Do not make me a fool's reproach. |
|
| Ps 39:10 Ps 39:9AV |
נֶ֭אֱלַמְתִּי לֹ֣א אֶפְתַּח־פִּ֑י כִּ֖י אַתָּ֣ה עָשִֽׂיתָ׃ |
I was silent; I did not open my mouth, For you acted. |
for you acted: or which you made. |
| Ps 39:11 Ps 39:10AV |
הָסֵ֣ר מֵעָלַ֣י נִגְעֶ֑ךָ מִתִּגְרַ֥ת יָ֝דְךָ֗ אֲנִ֣י כָלִֽיתִי׃ |
Do stop dealing me blows, For I am consumed by the castigation of your hand. |
do stop dealing me blows ← remove your blow from me.
castigation ← contention, strife. |
| Ps 39:12 Ps 39:11AV |
בְּֽתוֹכָ֘ח֤וֹת עַל־עָוֺ֨ן ׀ יִסַּ֬רְתָּ אִ֗ישׁ וַתֶּ֣מֶס כָּעָ֣שׁ חֲמוּד֑וֹ אַ֤ךְ הֶ֖בֶל כָּל־אָדָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
You chasten a man on account of iniquity with punishments, And you dissolve away his elegance like a moth. Surely all mankind is vanity. Selah. |
punishments: or admonishments. |
| Ps 39:13 Ps 39:12AV |
שִֽׁמְעָ֥ה־תְפִלָּתִ֨י ׀ יְהוָ֡ה וְשַׁוְעָתִ֨י ׀ הַאֲזִינָה֮ אֶֽל־דִּמְעָתִ֗י אַֽל־תֶּ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ כִּ֤י גֵ֣ר אָנֹכִ֣י עִמָּ֑ךְ תּ֝וֹשָׁ֗ב כְּכָל־אֲבוֹתָֽי׃ |
Hear my prayer, O Lord, And listen to my crying out. Do not be indifferent to my tears, For I am a foreigner with you – A temporary resident, like all my fathers. |
Heb 11:13.
indifferent ← deaf. tears ← tear. |
| Ps 39:14 Ps 39:13AV |
הָשַׁ֣ע מִמֶּ֣נִּי וְאַבְלִ֑יגָה בְּטֶ֖רֶם אֵלֵ֣ךְ וְאֵינֶֽנִּי׃ |
Allow me respite, And let me be cheerful, Before I go And am no more. |
allow me respite ← look away from me. |
| Ps 40:1 | לַ֝מְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָוִ֥ד מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 40:2 Ps 40:1AV |
קַוֺּ֣ה קִוִּ֣יתִי יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥ט אֵ֝לַ֗י וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שַׁוְעָתִֽי׃ |
I fervently put hope in the Lord, And he turned to me And heard my crying out. |
fervently put hope: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 40:3 Ps 40:2AV |
וַיַּעֲלֵ֤נִי ׀ מִבּ֥וֹר שָׁאוֹן֮ מִטִּ֪יט הַיָּ֫וֵ֥ן וַיָּ֖קֶם עַל־סֶ֥לַע רַגְלַ֗י כּוֹנֵ֥ן אֲשֻׁרָֽי׃ |
And he brought me up out of a deadly pit, Out of the miry mud, And he raised my feet onto a rock, And he directed my steps. |
deadly ← of destruction.
miry mud ← mud of mire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 40:4 Ps 40:3AV |
וַיִּתֵּ֬ן בְּפִ֨י ׀ שִׁ֥יר חָדָשׁ֮ תְּהִלָּ֪ה לֵֽאלֹ֫הֵ֥ינוּ יִרְא֣וּ רַבִּ֣ים וְיִירָ֑אוּ וְ֝יִבְטְח֗וּ בַּיהוָֽה׃ |
And he put a new song in my mouth – A psalm to our God. Many will see and fear And trust in the Lord. |
|
| Ps 40:5 Ps 40:4AV |
אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי הַגֶּ֗בֶר אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם יְ֭הֹוָה מִבְטַח֑וֹ וְֽלֹא־פָנָ֥ה אֶל־רְ֝הָבִ֗ים וְשָׂטֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃ |
Happy is the man Who has made the Lord the object of his trust And who has not turned to the insolent, Nor to those who turn aside to dishonesty. |
nor: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6. |
| Ps 40:6 Ps 40:5AV |
רַבּ֤וֹת עָשִׂ֨יתָ ׀ אַתָּ֤ה ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַי֮ נִֽפְלְאֹתֶ֥יךָ וּמַחְשְׁבֹתֶ֗יךָ אֵ֫לֵ֥ינוּ אֵ֤ין ׀ עֲרֹ֬ךְ אֵלֶ֗יךָ אַגִּ֥ידָה וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה עָ֝צְמ֗וּ מִסַּפֵּֽר׃ |
O Lord my God, Your wondrous works which you have performed Are many, And your thoughts to us are beyond compare. I will announce them and speak of them, Although they are too great to relate. |
beyond compare ← (there is) no comparing with you / valuing to you. |
| Ps 40:7 Ps 40:6AV |
זֶ֤בַח וּמִנְחָ֨ה ׀ לֹֽא־חָפַ֗צְתָּ אָ֭זְנַיִם כָּרִ֣יתָ לִּ֑י עוֹלָ֥ה וַ֝חֲטָאָ֗ה לֹ֣א שָׁאָֽלְתָּ׃ |
You do not desire sacrifice or offering; You have opened my ears. You have not asked for burnt offering or sin-offering. |
Heb 10:5, Heb 10:6, Heb 10:8.
opened ← dug. |
| Ps 40:8 Ps 40:7AV |
אָ֣ז אָ֭מַרְתִּי הִנֵּה־בָ֑אתִי בִּמְגִלַּת־סֵ֝֗פֶר כָּת֥וּב עָלָֽי׃ |
Then I said, “Behold, I have come. In the scroll of the book it stands written concerning me: |
Heb 10:7, Heb 10:9. |
| Ps 40:9 Ps 40:8AV |
לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת־רְצוֹנְךָ֣ אֱלֹהַ֣י חָפָ֑צְתִּי וְ֝ת֥וֹרָתְךָ֗ בְּת֣וֹךְ מֵעָֽי׃ |
‘I delight to do your will, O God of mine, And your law is in my inner parts.’ ” |
Heb 10:9. |
| Ps 40:10 Ps 40:9AV |
בִּשַּׂ֤רְתִּי צֶ֨דֶק ׀ בְּקָ֘הָ֤ל רָ֗ב הִנֵּ֣ה שְׂ֭פָתַי לֹ֣א אֶכְלָ֑א יְ֝הוָ֗ה אַתָּ֥ה יָדָֽעְתָּ׃ |
I have brought good tidings of righteousness, In a great convocation; Look, I have not held my lips back. O Lord, you know. |
|
| Ps 40:11 Ps 40:10AV |
צִדְקָתְךָ֬ לֹא־כִסִּ֨יתִי ׀ בְּת֬וֹךְ לִבִּ֗י אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣ וּתְשׁוּעָתְךָ֣ אָמָ֑רְתִּי לֹא־כִחַ֥דְתִּי חַסְדְּךָ֥ וַ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ לְקָהָ֥ל רָֽב׃ |
I have not concealed your righteousness inside my heart, I have spoken of your faithfulness and your salvation; I have not hidden away your kindness or your truth From a great convocation. |
|
| Ps 40:12 Ps 40:11AV |
אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה לֹא־תִכְלָ֣א רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ מִמֶּ֑נִּי חַסְדְּךָ֥ וַ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ תָּמִ֥יד יִצְּרֽוּנִי׃ |
O Lord, you do not hold back your mercies from me; Your kindness and your truth always guard me. |
|
| Ps 40:13 Ps 40:12AV |
כִּ֤י אָפְפ֥וּ־עָלַ֨י ׀ רָע֡וֹת עַד־אֵ֬ין מִסְפָּ֗ר הִשִּׂיג֣וּנִי עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣לְתִּי לִרְא֑וֹת עָצְמ֥וּ מִשַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י וְלִבִּ֥י עֲזָבָֽנִי׃ |
For innumerable evils have surrounded me. My iniquities have caught up with me, So that I am unable to see. They are more numerous than the hairs of my head, And my heart has deserted me. |
|
| Ps 40:14 Ps 40:13AV |
רְצֵ֣ה יְ֭הוָה לְהַצִּילֵ֑נִי יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי חֽוּשָׁה׃ |
Be willing, O Lord, to deliver me; O Lord, hasten to my assistance. |
|| Ps 70:2 (Ps 70:1AV). |
| Ps 40:15 Ps 40:14AV |
יֵ֘בֹ֤שׁוּ וְיַחְפְּר֨וּ ׀ יַחַד֮ מְבַקְשֵׁ֥י נַפְשִׁ֗י לִסְפּ֫וֹתָ֥הּ יִסֹּ֣גוּ אָ֭חוֹר וְיִכָּלְמ֑וּ חֲ֝פֵצֵ֗י רָעָתִֽי׃ |
May those who seek to destroy my life Be completely ashamed and disgraced. May those who delight in my harm Be driven back And be made ignominious. |
|| Ps 70:3 (Ps 70:2AV).
to destroy my life ← my soul, to destroy it. |
| Ps 40:16 Ps 40:15AV |
יָ֭שֹׁמּוּ עַל־עֵ֣קֶב בָּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לִ֝֗י הֶ֘אָ֥ח ׀ הֶאָֽח׃ |
May those who say to me, “Ha, ha” Be devastated on account of their shame. |
|| Ps 70:4 (Ps 70:3AV). |
| Ps 40:17 Ps 40:16AV |
יָ֘שִׂ֤ישׂוּ וְיִשְׂמְח֨וּ ׀ בְּךָ֗ כָּֽל־מְבַ֫קְשֶׁ֥יךָ יֹאמְר֣וּ תָ֭מִיד יִגְדַּ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה אֹֽ֝הֲבֵ֗י תְּשׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
May all those who seek you exult And rejoice in you. May those who love your salvation always say, “Let the Lord be magnified.” |
|| Ps 70:5 (Ps 70:4AV). |
| Ps 40:18 Ps 40:17AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְיוֹן֮ אֲדֹנָ֪י יַחֲשָׁ֫ב לִ֥י עֶזְרָתִ֣י וּמְפַלְטִ֣י אַ֑תָּה אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אַל־תְּאַחַֽר׃ |
But I am poor and needy, Yet the Lord* considers me. You are my helper and my deliverer. O God of mine, do not delay. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| Ps 70:6 (Ps 70:5AV). |
| Ps 41:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 41:2 Ps 41:1AV |
אַ֭שְׁרֵי מַשְׂכִּ֣יל אֶל־דָּ֑ל בְּי֥וֹם רָ֝עָ֗ה יְֽמַלְּטֵ֥הוּ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Happy is he who attends to the poor; On the evil day, The Lord will deliver him. |
evil day ← day of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 41:3 Ps 41:2AV |
יְהוָ֤ה ׀ יִשְׁמְרֵ֣הוּ וִֽ֭יחַיֵּהוּ *יאשר **וְאֻשַּׁ֣ר בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְאַֽל־תִּ֝תְּנֵ֗הוּ בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ אֹיְבָֽיו׃ |
The Lord will protect him And preserve him alive. {Q: And he} [K: He] will be pronounced happy on the earth, And you will not deliver him to the will of his enemies. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue.
will ← soul. |
| Ps 41:4 Ps 41:3AV |
יְֽהוָ֗ה יִ֭סְעָדֶנּוּ עַל־עֶ֣רֶשׂ דְּוָ֑י כָּל־מִ֝שְׁכָּב֗וֹ הָפַ֥כְתָּ בְחָלְיֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord will support him on his sickbed; You will overturn all causes of him being bedridden in his illness. |
him being bedridden ← his couch. |
| Ps 41:5 Ps 41:4AV |
אֲֽנִי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי יְהוָ֣ה חָנֵּ֑נִי רְפָאָ֥ה נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י כִּי־חָטָ֥אתִי לָֽךְ׃ |
I have said, “O Lord have mercy on me, Heal me inwardly, For I have sinned against you.” |
inwardly ← my soul. |
| Ps 41:6 Ps 41:5AV |
אוֹיְבַ֗י יֹאמְר֣וּ רַ֣ע לִ֑י מָתַ֥י יָ֝מ֗וּת וְאָבַ֥ד שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
My enemies speak an evil thing of me: “When will he die, And his name perish?” |
|
| Ps 41:7 Ps 41:6AV |
וְאִם־בָּ֤א לִרְא֨וֹת ׀ שָׁ֤וְא יְדַבֵּ֗ר לִבּ֗וֹ יִקְבָּץ־אָ֥וֶן ל֑וֹ יֵצֵ֖א לַח֣וּץ יְדַבֵּֽר׃ |
And if anyone comes to see what false thing he can say, His heart accumulates iniquity; He goes out into the open And says it. |
accumulates ← gathers to itself. |
| Ps 41:8 Ps 41:7AV |
יַ֗חַד עָלַ֣י יִ֭תְלַחֲשׁוּ כָּל־שֹׂנְאָ֑י עָלַ֓י ׀ יַחְשְׁב֖וּ רָעָ֣ה לִֽי׃ |
All those who hate me Whisper among themselves against me; They conceive evil for me. |
among themselves ← together. |
| Ps 41:9 Ps 41:8AV |
דְּֽבַר־בְּ֭לִיַּעַל יָצ֣וּק בּ֑וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁ֝כַ֗ב לֹא־יוֹסִ֥יף לָקֽוּם׃ |
A mischievous deed has taken shape in their plan, Whereby, “When he lies down, He will not rise again.” |
taken shape ← been cast.
in their plan ← in it. AV differs somewhat. |
| Ps 41:10 Ps 41:9AV |
גַּם־אִ֤ישׁ שְׁלוֹמִ֨י ׀ אֲשֶׁר־בָּטַ֣חְתִּי ב֭וֹ אוֹכֵ֣ל לַחְמִ֑י הִגְדִּ֖יל עָלַ֣י עָקֵֽב׃ |
Even a man at peace with me, In whom I trusted – One who partook of my bread – Has lifted up his heel against me. |
John 13:18.
lifted up ← made great. |
| Ps 41:11 Ps 41:10AV |
וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה חָנֵּ֥נִי וַהֲקִימֵ֑נִי וַֽאֲשַׁלְּמָ֥ה לָהֶֽם׃ |
But you, O Lord, have mercy on me, And raise me up, So that I can repay them. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 41:12 Ps 41:11AV |
בְּזֹ֣את יָ֭דַעְתִּי כִּֽי־חָפַ֣צְתָּ בִּ֑י כִּ֤י לֹֽא־יָרִ֖יעַ אֹיְבִ֣י עָלָֽי׃ |
By this I know that you have pleasure in me: My enemy will not gloat over me. |
|
| Ps 41:13 Ps 41:12AV |
וַאֲנִ֗י בְּ֭תֻמִּי תָּמַ֣כְתָּ בִּ֑י וַתַּצִּיבֵ֖נִי לְפָנֶ֣יךָ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
As for me, you take hold of me in my integrity, And you place me before yourself age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 41:14 Ps 41:13AV |
בָּ֘ר֤וּךְ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵֽ֭הָעוֹלָם וְעַ֥ד הָעוֹלָ֗ם אָ֘מֵ֥ן ׀ וְאָמֵֽן׃ |
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel From age to age. Amen and amen. |
|
| Ps 42:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לִבְנֵי־קֹֽרַח׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
For the sons of Korah, an Instructive Psalm. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 42:2 Ps 42:1AV |
כְּאַיָּ֗ל תַּעֲרֹ֥ג עַל־אֲפִֽיקֵי־מָ֑יִם כֵּ֤ן נַפְשִׁ֨י תַעֲרֹ֖ג אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
As a roebuck longs for brooks of water, So my being longs for you, O God. |
being ← soul.
longs for: the Greek ὀρέγω, with the same meaning (1 Tim 3:1, Heb 11:16), sounds similar. |
| Ps 42:3 Ps 42:2AV |
צָמְאָ֬ה נַפְשִׁ֨י ׀ לֵאלֹהִים֮ לְאֵ֪ל חָ֥י מָתַ֥י אָב֑וֹא וְ֝אֵרָאֶ֗ה פְּנֵ֣י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
My being thirsts for God – For the living God. When will I come And {P: see the face of} [M: appear before] God? |
An amendment by the Sopherim, as in Ex 23:15. P= וְאֶרְאֶה. AV differs.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 42:4 Ps 42:3AV |
הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֬י דִמְעָתִ֣י לֶ֭חֶם יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה בֶּאֱמֹ֥ר אֵלַ֥י כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם אַיֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ |
A tear was my daily and nightly bread When they said to me all day, “Where is your God?” |
|
| Ps 42:5 Ps 42:4AV |
אֵ֤לֶּה אֶזְכְּרָ֨ה ׀ וְאֶשְׁפְּכָ֬ה עָלַ֨י ׀ נַפְשִׁ֗י כִּ֤י אֶֽעֱבֹ֨ר ׀ בַּסָּךְ֮ אֶדַּדֵּ֗ם עַד־בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים בְּקוֹל־רִנָּ֥ה וְתוֹדָ֗ה הָמ֥וֹן חוֹגֵֽג׃ |
I will remember these things, And I will pour out my soul over myself, For I will pass through the crowd; I will proceed softly with them to the house of God With a joyful voice and thanksgiving, As a multitude celebrates a festival. |
|
| Ps 42:6 Ps 42:5AV |
מַה־תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י ׀ נַפְשִׁי֮ וַתֶּהֱמִ֪י עָ֫לָ֥י הוֹחִ֣ילִי לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים כִּי־ע֥וֹד אוֹדֶ֗נּוּ יְשׁוּע֥וֹת פָּנָֽיו׃ |
How you have been brought low, my spirit, And have agitated me! Await God, For I will still praise him, For his acts of salvation performed in his own presence. |
spirit ← soul.
await: a feminine imperative, the implied subject being soul, i.e. the person's feelings or spirit. salvation performed in his own presence ← salvation of his face / presence. |
| Ps 42:7 Ps 42:6AV |
אֱֽלֹהַ֗י עָלַי֮ נַפְשִׁ֪י תִשְׁתּ֫וֹחָ֥ח עַל־כֵּ֗ן אֶ֭זְכָּרְךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ יַרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֝חֶרְמוֹנִ֗ים מֵהַ֥ר מִצְעָֽר׃ |
O God of mine, my spirit has been brought down low on me, So I will remember you from the land of Jordan, And the Hermons, from Mount Mizar. |
spirit ← soul.
Hermons: the two peaks [CB]. |
| Ps 42:8 Ps 42:7AV |
תְּהֽוֹם־אֶל־תְּה֣וֹם ק֭וֹרֵא לְק֣וֹל צִנּוֹרֶ֑יךָ כָּֽל־מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥יךָ וְ֝גַלֶּ֗יךָ עָלַ֥י עָבָֽרוּ׃ |
The deep calls to the deep At the call of your water-surges; All your breakers and waves have passed over me. |
|
| Ps 42:9 Ps 42:8AV |
יוֹמָ֤ם ׀ יְצַוֶּ֬ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ חַסְדּ֗וֹ וּ֭בַלַּיְלָה *שירה **שִׁיר֣וֹ עִמִּ֑י תְּ֝פִלָּ֗ה לְאֵ֣ל חַיָּֽי׃ |
By day the Lord will command his kindness, And by night {K: a song} [Q: his song] is with me – A prayer to the God of my life. |
|
| Ps 42:10 Ps 42:9AV |
אוֹמְרָ֤ה ׀ לְאֵ֥ל סַלְעִי֮ לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי לָֽמָּה־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
Let me say to God, my rock, “Why have you forgotten me? Why should I go about melancholically, In the oppression of the enemy?” |
|
| Ps 42:11 Ps 42:10AV |
בְּרֶ֤צַח ׀ בְּֽעַצְמוֹתַ֗י חֵרְפ֥וּנִי צוֹרְרָ֑י בְּאָמְרָ֥ם אֵלַ֥י כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם אַיֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ |
My adversaries reproach me with the crushing of my bones, As they say to me all day long, “Where is your God?” |
crushing: AV differs (sword). |
| Ps 42:12 Ps 42:11AV |
מַה־תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י ׀ נַפְשִׁי֮ וּֽמַה־תֶּהֱמִ֪י עָ֫לָ֥י הוֹחִ֣ילִי לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים כִּי־ע֣וֹד אוֹדֶ֑נּוּ יְשׁוּעֹ֥ת פָּ֝נַ֗י וֵֽאלֹהָֽי׃ |
How you have been brought low, my spirit, And how you have agitated me! Await God, For I will still praise him, For the acts of salvation before me, And for being my God. |
spirit ← soul.
await: see Ps 42:6 (Ps 42:5AV). salvation before me: a similar construction in Ps 42:6 (Ps 42:5AV), but here with a first person suffix. AV differs ↴ |
| Ps 43:1 | שָׁפְטֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ וְרִ֘יבָ֤ה רִיבִ֗י מִגּ֥וֹי לֹא־חָסִ֑יד מֵ֤אִישׁ־מִרְמָ֖ה וְעַוְלָ֣ה תְפַלְּטֵֽנִי׃ |
Judge me, O God, And defend my case against a graceless people. Deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. |
↳ somewhat (health of my countenance).
deceitful and unjust man ← man of deceit and injustice, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 43:2 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מָֽעוּזִּי֮ לָמָ֪ה זְנַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי לָֽמָּה־קֹדֵ֥ר אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
But you, O God, who are my stronghold, Why are you averse to me? Why do I go about dejectedly In the oppression of the enemy? |
|
| Ps 43:3 | שְׁלַח־אוֹרְךָ֣ וַ֭אֲמִתְּךָ הֵ֣מָּה יַנְח֑וּנִי יְבִיא֥וּנִי אֶל־הַֽר־קָ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ וְאֶל־מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Send your light and your truth. They will lead me; Let them bring me to your holy mountain And to your dwelling places, |
your holy mountain ← the mountain of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 43:4 | וְאָב֤וֹאָה ׀ אֶל־מִזְבַּ֬ח אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֶל־אֵל֮ שִׂמְחַ֪ת גִּ֫ילִ֥י וְאוֹדְךָ֥ בְכִנּ֗וֹר אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
And I will go to the altar of God, To the God of my joyous happiness. And I will praise you with the harp, O God my God. |
my joyous happiness ← the happiness of my joy, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 43:5 | מַה־תִּשְׁתּ֬וֹחֲחִ֨י ׀ נַפְשִׁי֮ וּֽמַה־תֶּהֱמִ֪י עָ֫לָ֥י הוֹחִ֣ילִי לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים כִּי־ע֣וֹד אוֹדֶ֑נּוּ יְשׁוּעֹ֥ת פָּ֝נַ֗י וֵֽאלֹהָֽי׃ |
How you have been brought low, my spirit. And have agitated me! Await God, For I will still praise him, For the acts of salvation before me And for being my God. |
spirit ← soul.
salvation before me: as in Ps 42:12 (Ps 42:11AV), including how AV differs. |
| Ps 44:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֬רַח מַשְׂכִּֽיל׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
For the sons of Korah, an Instructive Psalm. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 44:2 Ps 44:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ בְּאָזְנֵ֬ינוּ שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֲבוֹתֵ֥ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָ֑נוּ פֹּ֥עַל פָּעַ֥לְתָּ בִֽ֝ימֵיהֶ֗ם בִּ֣ימֵי קֶֽדֶם׃ |
O God, we have heard with our ears – Our fathers told us – Of the work you performed In days of old. |
|
| Ps 44:3 Ps 44:2AV |
אַתָּ֤ה ׀ יָדְךָ֡ גּוֹיִ֣ם ה֭וֹרַשְׁתָּ וַתִּטָּעֵ֑ם תָּרַ֥ע לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃ |
You disinherited nations with your hand And planted them. You did harm to various peoples And cast them out. |
planted them: i.e. settled the fathers in the land. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13. |
| Ps 44:4 Ps 44:3AV |
כִּ֤י לֹ֪א בְחַרְבָּ֡ם יָ֥רְשׁוּ אָ֗רֶץ וּזְרוֹעָם֮ לֹא־הוֹשִׁ֪יעָ֫ה לָּ֥מוֹ כִּֽי־יְמִֽינְךָ֣ וּ֭זְרוֹעֲךָ וְא֥וֹר פָּנֶ֗יךָ כִּ֣י רְצִיתָֽם׃ |
For they did not take possession of the land by their sword, Nor did their own arm save them. Rather, your right hand did, And your arm, And the light of your presence, For you had pleasure in them. |
presence: or face. |
| Ps 44:5 Ps 44:4AV |
אַתָּה־ה֣וּא מַלְכִּ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים צַ֝וֵּ֗ה יְשׁוּע֥וֹת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
You are my king, O God; Command the salvations of Jacob. |
|
| Ps 44:6 Ps 44:5AV |
בְּ֭ךָ צָרֵ֣ינוּ נְנַגֵּ֑חַ בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ֗ נָב֥וּס קָמֵֽינוּ׃ |
Through you we will butt our adversaries; Through your name, we will trample down Those who rise up against us. |
|
| Ps 44:7 Ps 44:6AV |
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א בְקַשְׁתִּ֣י אֶבְטָ֑ח וְ֝חַרְבִּ֗י לֹ֣א תוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃ |
For I do not put trust in my bow, And my sword will not save me. |
|
| Ps 44:8 Ps 44:7AV |
כִּ֣י ה֭וֹשַׁעְתָּנוּ מִצָּרֵ֑ינוּ וּמְשַׂנְאֵ֥ינוּ הֱבִישֽׁוֹתָ׃ |
For you have saved us from our adversaries And have put those who hate us to shame. |
|
| Ps 44:9 Ps 44:8AV |
בֵּֽ֭אלֹהִים הִלַּלְ֣נוּ כָל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְשִׁמְךָ֓ ׀ לְעוֹלָ֖ם נוֹדֶ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ |
We have praised God throughout the day, And we will be thankful to your name age-abidingly. Selah. |
throughout ← all. |
| Ps 44:10 Ps 44:9AV |
אַף־זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתַּכְלִימֵ֑נוּ וְלֹא־תֵ֝צֵ֗א בְּצִבְאוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
But you are averse to us, And you have put us to shame, And you do not go out in our armies. |
but: the usual meaning of this conjunction is also, moreover, indeed, but [BDB] also gives but. |
| Ps 44:11 Ps 44:10AV |
תְּשִׁיבֵ֣נוּ אָ֭חוֹר מִנִּי־צָ֑ר וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֵ֗ינוּ שָׁ֣סוּ לָֽמוֹ׃ |
You drive us back from the adversary, And those who hate us Plunder away. |
plunder away ← plunder for themselves. |
| Ps 44:12 Ps 44:11AV |
תִּ֭תְּנֵנוּ כְּצֹ֣אן מַאֲכָ֑ל וּ֝בַגּוֹיִ֗ם זֵרִיתָֽנוּ׃ |
You make us like sheep for food, And you have scattered us among the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 44:13 Ps 44:12AV |
תִּמְכֹּֽר־עַמְּךָ֥ בְלֹא־ה֑וֹן וְלֹ֥א־רִ֝בִּ֗יתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶֽם׃ |
You have sold your people at no value, And you did not bid up their price. |
|
| Ps 44:14 Ps 44:13AV |
תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ חֶ֭רְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ לַ֥עַג וָ֝קֶ֗לֶס לִסְבִיבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
You make us a reproach to our neighbours – A mockery and derision to those round about us. |
|
| Ps 44:15 Ps 44:14AV |
תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ מָ֭שָׁל בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם מְנֽוֹד־רֹ֝֗אשׁ בַּל־אֻמִּֽים׃ |
You make us a byword among the Gentiles – A shaking of the head among the various peoples. |
among the various peoples: we discard the maqqef. |
| Ps 44:16 Ps 44:15AV |
כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם כְּלִמָּתִ֣י נֶגְדִּ֑י וּבֹ֖שֶׁת פָּנַ֣י כִּסָּֽתְנִי׃ |
All day long my ignominy is before me, And the shame of my face covers me |
|
| Ps 44:17 Ps 44:16AV |
מִ֭קּוֹל מְחָרֵ֣ף וּמְגַדֵּ֑ף מִפְּנֵ֥י א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃ |
At the sound of the reproacher and the reviler – At the presence of the enemy and the avenger. |
sound ← voice. |
| Ps 44:18 Ps 44:17AV |
כָּל־זֹ֣את בָּ֭אַתְנוּ וְלֹ֣א שְׁכַחֲנ֑וּךָ וְלֹֽא־שִׁ֝קַּ֗רְנוּ בִּבְרִיתֶֽךָ׃ |
All this has come upon us, But we have not forgotten you, And we have not violated your covenant. |
|
| Ps 44:19 Ps 44:18AV |
לֹא־נָס֣וֹג אָח֣וֹר לִבֵּ֑נוּ וַתֵּ֥ט אֲשֻׁרֵ֗ינוּ מִנִּ֥י אָרְחֶֽךָ׃ |
Our heart has not withdrawn, Nor do our steps deviate from your path, |
withdrawn ← slidden back.
do our steps deviate: the verb is singular; the noun is written as plural, though the pronunciation (singular vs. plural) may not differ. |
| Ps 44:20 Ps 44:19AV |
כִּ֣י דִ֭כִּיתָנוּ בִּמְק֣וֹם תַּנִּ֑ים וַתְּכַ֖ס עָלֵ֣ינוּ בְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
Although you have crushed us in a place of jackals, And you have covered us with a shadow of death. |
|
| Ps 44:21 Ps 44:20AV |
אִם־שָׁ֭כַחְנוּ שֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַנִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּ֝פֵּ֗ינוּ לְאֵ֣ל זָֽר׃ |
If we have forgotten the name of our God Or spread our hands to a strange god, |
|
| Ps 44:22 Ps 44:21AV |
הֲלֹ֣א אֱ֭לֹהִים יַֽחֲקָר־זֹ֑את כִּֽי־ה֥וּא יֹ֝דֵ֗עַ תַּעֲלֻמ֥וֹת לֵֽב׃ |
Will not God search this out? For he knows the hidden things of the heart. |
|
| Ps 44:23 Ps 44:22AV |
כִּֽי־עָ֭לֶיךָ הֹרַ֣גְנוּ כָל־הַיּ֑וֹם נֶ֝חְשַׁ֗בְנוּ כְּצֹ֣אן טִבְחָֽה׃ |
Indeed for your sake we are killed all day long; We are considered as sheep for slaughter. |
Rom 8:36. |
| Ps 44:24 Ps 44:23AV |
ע֤וּרָה ׀ לָ֖מָּה תִישַׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י הָ֝קִ֗יצָה אַל־תִּזְנַ֥ח לָנֶֽצַח׃ |
Awake, why do you sleep, O Lord*? Arise, do not be averse for all time. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 44:25 Ps 44:24AV |
לָֽמָּה־פָנֶ֥יךָ תַסְתִּ֑יר תִּשְׁכַּ֖ח עָנְיֵ֣נוּ וְֽלַחֲצֵֽנוּ׃ |
Why do you hide your face And forget our affliction and our oppression? |
our oppression: an objective genitive (they oppress us). |
| Ps 44:26 Ps 44:25AV |
כִּ֤י שָׁ֣חָה לֶעָפָ֣ר נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ דָּבְקָ֖ה לָאָ֣רֶץ בִּטְנֵֽנוּ׃ |
For our spirit is sinking into the dust; Our belly is stuck to the earth. |
spirit ← soul. |
| Ps 44:27 Ps 44:26AV |
ק֭וּמָֽה עֶזְרָ֣תָה לָּ֑נוּ וּ֝פְדֵ֗נוּ לְמַ֣עַן חַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Arise and be our help, And redeem us For your kindness' sake. |
|
| Ps 45:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ עַל־שֹׁ֭שַׁנִּים לִבְנֵי־קֹ֑רַח מַ֝שְׂכִּ֗יל שִׁ֣יר יְדִידֹֽת׃ |
To the choirmaster on Shoshannim.↑
For the sons of Korah, an Instructive Psalm. A song of love. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Shoshannim: i.e. Lilies. Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 45:2 Ps 45:1AV |
רָ֘חַ֤שׁ לִבִּ֨י ׀ דָּ֘בָ֤ר ט֗וֹב אֹמֵ֣ר אָ֭נִי מַעֲשַׂ֣י לְמֶ֑לֶךְ לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗י עֵ֤ט ׀ סוֹפֵ֬ר מָהִֽיר׃ |
My heart is bubbling up with a good thing, I speak of my works for the king; My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. |
|
| Ps 45:3 Ps 45:2AV |
יָפְיָפִ֡יתָ מִבְּנֵ֬י אָדָ֗ם ה֣וּצַק חֵ֭ן בְּשְׂפְתוֹתֶ֑יךָ עַל־כֵּ֤ן בֵּֽרַכְךָ֖ אֱלֹהִ֣ים לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
You are very much more comely than the sons of Adam; Grace is poured out on your lips, Because God has blessed you age-abidingly. |
you: Christ in his glory which follows his suffering [CB]. |
| Ps 45:4 Ps 45:3AV |
חֲגֽוֹר־חַרְבְּךָ֣ עַל־יָרֵ֣ךְ גִּבּ֑וֹר ה֝וֹדְךָ֗ וַהֲדָרֶֽךָ׃ |
Gird your sword onto your thigh, O warrior, For your splendour and your majesty. |
|
| Ps 45:5 Ps 45:4AV |
וַהֲדָ֬רְךָ֨ ׀ צְלַ֬ח רְכַ֗ב עַֽל־דְּבַר־אֱ֭מֶת וְעַנְוָה־צֶ֑דֶק וְתוֹרְךָ֖ נוֹרָא֣וֹת יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
And as for your majesty, Prosper and ride On the principle of truth and righteous meekness, And your right hand will show you awesome things. |
righteous meekness ← meekness of righteousness, a Hebraic genitive.
awesome: or fearful. |
| Ps 45:6 Ps 45:5AV |
חִצֶּ֗יךָ שְׁנ֫וּנִ֥ים עַ֭מִּים תַּחְתֶּ֣יךָ יִפְּל֑וּ בְּ֝לֵ֗ב אוֹיְבֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ |
Your arrows are sharpened; Various peoples will fall under you – Those at the heart of the king's enemies. |
|
| Ps 45:7 Ps 45:6AV |
כִּסְאֲךָ֣ אֱ֭לֹהִים עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד שֵׁ֥בֶט מִ֝ישֹׁ֗ר שֵׁ֣בֶט מַלְכוּתֶֽךָ׃ |
Your throne, O God, is age-abiding and in perpetuity; The sceptre of your kingdom is an upright sceptre. |
Heb 1:8.
an upright sceptre ← a sceptre of uprightness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 45:8 Ps 45:7AV |
אָהַ֣בְתָּ צֶּדֶק֮ וַתִּשְׂנָ֫א רֶ֥שַׁע עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ מְשָׁחֲךָ֡ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֱ֭לֹהֶיךָ שֶׁ֥מֶן שָׂשׂ֗וֹן מֵֽחֲבֵרֶֽיךָ׃ |
You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness, Which is why God, your God, Has anointed you with the oil of gladness More than your companions. |
Heb 1:9. |
| Ps 45:9 Ps 45:8AV |
מֹר־וַאֲהָל֣וֹת קְ֭צִיעוֹת כָּל־בִּגְדֹתֶ֑יךָ מִֽן־הֵ֥יכְלֵי שֵׁ֝֗ן מִנִּ֥י שִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃ |
All your clothes have been scented with myrrh and aloes and cassia, From ivory palaces, Because they gladden you. |
|
| Ps 45:10 Ps 45:9AV |
בְּנ֣וֹת מְ֭לָכִים בְּיִקְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ נִצְּבָ֥ה שֵׁגַ֥ל לִֽ֝ימִינְךָ֗ בְּכֶ֣תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃ |
The daughters of kings are among your maids-of-honour, And a queen stands on your right in gold from Ophir. |
|
| Ps 45:11 Ps 45:10AV |
שִׁמְעִי־בַ֣ת וּ֭רְאִי וְהַטִּ֣י אָזְנֵ֑ךְ וְשִׁכְחִ֥י עַ֝מֵּ֗ךְ וּבֵ֥ית אָבִֽיךְ׃ |
Listen, O daughter, and look, And incline your ear, And forget your people, And your father's house, |
|
| Ps 45:12 Ps 45:11AV |
וְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּי־ה֥וּא אֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־לֽוֹ׃ |
While the king longs for your beauty, For he is your Lord, So worship him. |
|
| Ps 45:13 Ps 45:12AV |
וּבַֽת־צֹ֨ר ׀ בְּ֭מִנְחָה פָּנַ֥יִךְ יְחַלּ֗וּ עֲשִׁ֣ירֵי עָֽם׃ |
And, O daughter of Tyre, The rich of the people will seek your favour with a gift. |
seek your favour ← weaken the face. |
| Ps 45:14 Ps 45:13AV |
כָּל־כְּבוּדָּ֣ה בַת־מֶ֣לֶךְ פְּנִ֑ימָה מִֽמִּשְׁבְּצ֖וֹת זָהָ֣ב לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃ |
The king's daughter is entirely glorious indoors, And her clothing is of intricately woven gold. |
entirely glorious ← all honoured / glorious. |
| Ps 45:15 Ps 45:14AV |
לִרְקָמוֹת֮ תּוּבַ֪ל לַ֫מֶּ֥לֶךְ בְּתוּל֣וֹת אַ֭חֲרֶיהָ רֵעוֹתֶ֑יהָ מ֖וּבָא֣וֹת לָֽךְ׃ |
She will be brought to the king in embroidery; Her virgin attendants following are brought to you. |
her virgin attendants following ← the virgins behind her – her companions. |
| Ps 45:16 Ps 45:15AV |
תּ֭וּבַלְנָה בִּשְׂמָחֹ֣ת וָגִ֑יל תְּ֝בֹאֶ֗ינָה בְּהֵ֣יכַל מֶֽלֶךְ׃ |
They will be brought with gladness and rejoicing, They will come to the king's palace. |
|
| Ps 45:17 Ps 45:16AV |
תַּ֣חַת אֲ֭בֹתֶיךָ יִהְי֣וּ בָנֶ֑יךָ תְּשִׁיתֵ֥מוֹ לְ֝שָׂרִ֗ים בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
In the place of your fathers Will be your sons. You will appoint them as princes Over all the land. |
your ... your: masculine in MT, but they could be re-pointed feminine. See [CB].
over: or in. See [BDB] on בְּ, № IV b, with verbs of ruling. land: or earth, but “the place of the fathers” is the land. |
| Ps 45:18 Ps 45:17AV |
אַזְכִּ֣ירָה שִׁ֭מְךָ בְּכָל־דֹּ֣ר וָדֹ֑ר עַל־כֵּ֥ן עַמִּ֥ים יְ֝הוֹדֻ֗ךָ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
I will bring your name to remembrance From every generation to generation, Which is why the various peoples will praise you, Age-abidingly and in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 46:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֑רַח עַֽל־עֲלָמ֥וֹת שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster, for the sons of Korah concerning maidens.↑
A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
maidens: this is the subject of Ps 45; see [CB]. AV differs, transliterating (Alamoth). |
| Ps 46:2 Ps 46:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֣ים לָ֭נוּ מַחֲסֶ֣ה וָעֹ֑ז עֶזְרָ֥ה בְ֝צָר֗וֹת נִמְצָ֥א מְאֹֽד׃ |
God is our refuge and strength – A help in adversities. He is readily found. |
readily found: AV differs (very present), constructed to agree with help rather than God. |
| Ps 46:3 Ps 46:2AV |
עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־נִ֭ירָא בְּהָמִ֣יר אָ֑רֶץ וּבְמ֥וֹט הָ֝רִ֗ים בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּֽים׃ |
That is why we will not fear When the earth undergoes change, Or the mountains tumble into the heart of the seas. |
the heart of the seas: more loosely the high seas. |
| Ps 46:4 Ps 46:3AV |
יֶהֱמ֣וּ יֶחְמְר֣וּ מֵימָ֑יו יִֽרְעֲשֽׁוּ־הָרִ֖ים בְּגַאֲוָת֣וֹ סֶֽלָה׃ |
His waters roar and swell; Mountains shake at his grandeur. Selah. |
his (2x): [CB], i.e. the Assyrian's, but perhaps God's, as in Ps 46:7 (Ps 46:6AV), where [CB] capitalizes his. No concordant antecedent in the previous verse except heart, though earth is very occasionally masculine. AV differs (thereof). |
| Ps 46:5 Ps 46:4AV |
נָהָ֗ר פְּלָגָ֗יו יְשַׂמְּח֥וּ עִיר־אֱלֹהִ֑ים קְ֝דֹ֗שׁ מִשְׁכְּנֵ֥י עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
A river and its streams give joy to the City of God – To the holy dwelling places of the Most High. |
|
| Ps 46:6 Ps 46:5AV |
אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּ֭קִרְבָּהּ בַּל־תִּמּ֑וֹט יַעְזְרֶ֥הָ אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּֽקֶר׃ |
God is at its centre; It will not be shaken. God will help it At the approach of the morning. |
approach ← turning. |
| Ps 46:7 Ps 46:6AV |
הָמ֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם מָ֣טוּ מַמְלָכ֑וֹת נָתַ֥ן בְּ֝קוֹל֗וֹ תָּמ֥וּג אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The Gentiles are in a commotion, And kingdoms topple. When he gives utterance with his voice, The earth melts. |
|
| Ps 46:8 Ps 46:7AV |
יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֣וֹת עִמָּ֑נוּ מִשְׂגָּֽב־לָ֝נוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
The Lord of hosts is with us; The God of Jacob is a high stronghold to us. Selah. |
|
| Ps 46:9 Ps 46:8AV |
לְֽכוּ־חֲ֭זוּ מִפְעֲל֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֖ם שַׁמּ֣וֹת בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Come and see the works of the Lord, Who has brought about desolations on the earth. |
|
| Ps 46:10 Ps 46:9AV |
מַשְׁבִּ֥ית מִלְחָמוֹת֮ עַד־קְצֵ֪ה הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ קֶ֣שֶׁת יְ֭שַׁבֵּר וְקִצֵּ֣ץ חֲנִ֑ית עֲ֝גָל֗וֹת יִשְׂרֹ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ |
He stops wars up to the end of the earth, He breaks the bow and snaps the spear; He burns chariots in fire. |
|
| Ps 46:11 Ps 46:10AV |
הַרְפּ֣וּ וּ֭דְעוּ כִּי־אָנֹכִ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָר֥וּם בַּ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם אָר֥וּם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Be still, and know that I am God. I will be exalted among the Gentiles; I will be exalted on the earth. |
be still ← desist. |
| Ps 46:12 Ps 46:11AV |
יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֣וֹת עִמָּ֑נוּ מִשְׂגָּֽב־לָ֝נוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
The Lord of hosts is with us; The God of Jacob is a high stronghold to us. Selah. |
|
| Ps 47:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֬רַח מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
For the sons of Korah – a Psalm. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 47:2 Ps 47:1AV |
כָּֽל־הָ֭עַמִּים תִּקְעוּ־כָ֑ף הָרִ֥יעוּ לֵ֝אלֹהִ֗ים בְּק֣וֹל רִנָּֽה׃ |
Clap the hands, all you various peoples; Shout out to God with a joyful cry. |
cry ← voice, sound. |
| Ps 47:3 Ps 47:2AV |
כִּֽי־יְהוָ֣ה עֶלְי֣וֹן נוֹרָ֑א מֶ֥לֶךְ גָּ֝דוֹל עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
For the Lord Most High is to be feared – A great king over the whole earth. |
is to be feared: gerundival use of the participle. |
| Ps 47:4 Ps 47:3AV |
יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים תַּ֣חַת רַגְלֵֽינוּ׃ |
May he subdue peoples under us, And nations under our feet. |
may he subdue: AV differs (He shall subdue), not recognizing the jussive verbal form. |
| Ps 47:5 Ps 47:4AV |
יִבְחַר־לָ֥נוּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתֵ֑נוּ אֶ֥ת גְּא֨וֹן יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֲשֶׁר־אָהֵ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
May he choose our inheritance for us – The excellence of Jacob whom he loved. Selah. |
may he choose: AV differs (He shall choose).
loved: or loves. |
| Ps 47:6 Ps 47:5AV |
עָלָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים בִּתְרוּעָ֑ה יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה בְּק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃ |
God ascended with a shout – The Lord, with the sound of the ramshorn. |
|
| Ps 47:7 Ps 47:6AV |
זַמְּר֣וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים זַמֵּ֑רוּ זַמְּר֖וּ לְמַלְכֵּ֣נוּ זַמֵּֽרוּ׃ |
Sing psalms to God, Sing psalms, Sing psalms to our king; Sing psalms. |
|
| Ps 47:8 Ps 47:7AV |
כִּ֤י מֶ֖לֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֥רֶץ אֱלֹהִ֗ים זַמְּר֥וּ מַשְׂכִּֽיל׃ |
For God is king of all the earth. Sing psalms of instruction. |
sing psalms of instruction ← psalm-sing psalms of instruction. |
| Ps 47:9 Ps 47:8AV |
מָלַ֣ךְ אֱ֭לֹהִים עַל־גּוֹיִ֑ם אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יָשַׁ֤ב ׀ עַל־כִּסֵּ֬א קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
God reigns over the Gentiles; God sits on his holy throne. |
his holy throne ← the throne of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 47:10 Ps 47:9AV |
נְדִ֘יבֵ֤י עַמִּ֨ים ׀ נֶאֱסָ֗פוּ עַם֮ אֱלֹהֵ֪י אַבְרָ֫הָ֥ם כִּ֣י לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים מָֽגִנֵּי־אֶ֗רֶץ מְאֹ֣ד נַעֲלָֽה׃ |
The dignitaries of the various peoples have gathered – The people of the God of Abraham – For the shields of the earth belong to God; He is highly exalted. |
have gathered (etc.): perhaps supply ellipsis have gathered (to) the people of the God of Abraham; see [CB], and compare Isa 2:2, Isa 60:3, Jer 3:17, Jer 16:19, Zech 14:16. |
| Ps 48:1 | שִׁ֥יר מִ֝זְמוֹר לִבְנֵי־קֹֽרַח׃ | A Song. A Psalm for the sons of Korah. | |
| Ps 48:2 Ps 48:1AV |
גָּ֘ד֤וֹל יְהוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד בְּעִ֥יר אֱ֝לֹהֵ֗ינוּ הַר־קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
The Lord is great And is much to be praised In the city of our God – His holy mount. |
to be praised: gerundival use of the participle.
his holy mount ← the mount of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 48:3 Ps 48:2AV |
יְפֵ֥ה נוֹף֮ מְשׂ֪וֹשׂ כָּל־הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ הַר־צִ֭יּוֹן יַרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפ֑וֹן קִ֝רְיַ֗ת מֶ֣לֶךְ רָֽב׃ |
Fair in elevation, The joy of all the land Is Mount Zion, As are its northern sides – The city of the great king. |
land: or earth.
its northern sides: the temple was immediately to the north. |
| Ps 48:4 Ps 48:3AV |
אֱלֹהִ֥ים בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ נוֹדַ֥ע לְמִשְׂגָּֽב׃ |
God is known as a high fort In its palaces. |
|
| Ps 48:5 Ps 48:4AV |
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה הַ֭מְּלָכִים נֽוֹעֲד֑וּ עָבְר֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
For behold, the kings held a meeting; They passed across together. |
|
| Ps 48:6 Ps 48:5AV |
הֵ֣מָּה רָ֭אוּ כֵּ֣ן תָּמָ֑הוּ נִבְהֲל֥וּ נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃ |
They saw it and were duly astonished; They were startled and they fled in alarm. |
|
| Ps 48:7 Ps 48:6AV |
רְ֭עָדָה אֲחָזָ֣תַם שָׁ֑ם חִ֝֗יל כַּיּוֹלֵֽדָה׃ |
Trembling seized them there – Writhing like a woman giving birth. |
|
| Ps 48:8 Ps 48:7AV |
בְּר֥וּחַ קָדִ֑ים תְּ֝שַׁבֵּ֗ר אֳנִיּ֥וֹת תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃ |
With an east wind, You shatter the ships of Tarshish. |
|
| Ps 48:9 Ps 48:8AV |
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ ׀ כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֗ינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָ֣ה צְ֭בָאוֹת בְּעִ֣יר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ עַד־עוֹלָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
As we have heard, so we have seen, In the city of the Lord of hosts. In the city of our God, Which God will establish age-abidingly. Selah. |
|
| Ps 48:10 Ps 48:9AV |
דִּמִּ֣ינוּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ בְּ֝קֶ֗רֶב הֵיכָלֶֽךָ׃ |
We have contemplated your kindness, O God, In the midst of your temple. |
|
| Ps 48:11 Ps 48:10AV |
כְּשִׁמְךָ֤ אֱלֹהִ֗ים כֵּ֣ן תְּ֭הִלָּתְךָ עַל־קַצְוֵי־אֶ֑רֶץ צֶ֝֗דֶק מָלְאָ֥ה יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
As your name is, O God, So is your praise at the ends of the earth. Your right hand is full of righteousness. |
|
| Ps 48:12 Ps 48:11AV |
יִשְׂמַ֤ח ׀ הַר־צִיּ֗וֹן תָּ֭גֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃ |
Let Mount Zion rejoice; Let the daughters of Judah be glad On account of your judgments. |
|
| Ps 48:13 Ps 48:12AV |
סֹ֣בּוּ צִ֭יּוֹן וְהַקִּיפ֑וּהָ סִ֝פְר֗וּ מִגְדָּלֶֽיהָ׃ |
Go round Zion And circle round it. Count its towers. |
|
| Ps 48:14 Ps 48:13AV |
שִׁ֤יתוּ לִבְּכֶ֨ם ׀ לְֽחֵילָ֗ה פַּסְּג֥וּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֥עַן תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ לְד֣וֹר אַחֲרֽוֹן׃ |
Set your heart on its might. Consider its palaces, So that you can relate it to the generation following, |
|
| Ps 48:15 Ps 48:14AV |
כִּ֤י זֶ֨ה ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֱ֭לֹהֵינוּ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד ה֖וּא יְנַהֲגֵ֣נוּ עַל־מֽוּת׃ |
For this God is our God, Age-abidingly and in perpetuity. He will guide us at death. |
|
| Ps 49:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֬רַח מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm for the sons of Korah. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 49:2 Ps 49:1AV |
שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֭את כָּל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינוּ כָּל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי חָֽלֶד׃ |
Hear this, all you various peoples; Listen, all who dwell in the world |
|
| Ps 49:3 Ps 49:2AV |
גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י אָ֭דָם גַּם־בְּנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ יַ֝֗חַד עָשִׁ֥יר וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
– Indeed, you sons of Adam, Indeed, you sons of man – Rich and poor together. |
indeed, you sons of Adam ... indeed, you sons of man: AV differs (both low and high). |
| Ps 49:4 Ps 49:3AV |
פִּ֭י יְדַבֵּ֣ר חָכְמ֑וֹת וְהָג֖וּת לִבִּ֣י תְבוּנֽוֹת׃ |
My mouth will speak wisdom, And the meditation of my heart will be intelligent words. |
|
| Ps 49:5 Ps 49:4AV |
אַטֶּ֣ה לְמָשָׁ֣ל אָזְנִ֑י אֶפְתַּ֥ח בְּ֝כִנּ֗וֹר חִידָתִֽי׃ |
I will turn my ear to a proverb; I will strike up my riddle on the harp. |
|
| Ps 49:6 Ps 49:5AV |
לָ֣מָּה אִ֭ירָא בִּ֣ימֵי רָ֑ע עֲוֺ֖ן עֲקֵבַ֣י יְסוּבֵּֽנִי׃ |
Why should I fear in the days of evil? The iniquity of those who would supplant me Surrounds me |
those who would supplant me: AV differs (my heels). |
| Ps 49:7 Ps 49:6AV |
הַבֹּטְחִ֥ים עַל־חֵילָ֑ם וּבְרֹ֥ב עָ֝שְׁרָ֗ם יִתְהַלָּֽלוּ׃ |
– Of those who trust in their own wealth And boast in the abundance of their riches. |
|
| Ps 49:8 Ps 49:7AV |
אָ֗ח לֹא־פָדֹ֣ה יִפְדֶּ֣ה אִ֑ישׁ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לֵאלֹהִ֣ים כָּפְרֽוֹ׃ |
A man cannot redeem his brother at all, He cannot give God his ransom, |
redeem ... at all: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 49:9 Ps 49:8AV |
וְ֭יֵקַר פִּדְי֥וֹן נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְחָדַ֥ל לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
For the redemption of their life is precious; He will always fail, |
life ← soul.
he: i.e. a man (previous verse). AV differs (it). always ← for the age. |
| Ps 49:10 Ps 49:9AV |
וִֽיחִי־ע֥וֹד לָנֶ֑צַח לֹ֖א יִרְאֶ֣ה הַשָּֽׁחַת׃ |
In redemption such that one should live on in perpetuity And not see decay. |
|
| Ps 49:11 Ps 49:10AV |
כִּ֤י יִרְאֶ֨ה ׀ חֲכָ֘מִ֤ים יָמ֗וּתוּ יַ֤חַד כְּסִ֣יל וָבַ֣עַר יֹאבֵ֑דוּ וְעָזְב֖וּ לַאֲחֵרִ֣ים חֵילָֽם׃ |
For he sees how wise men die, In the same way that the foolish and the coarse perish And leave their wealth to others. |
|
| Ps 49:12 Ps 49:11AV |
קִרְבָּ֤ם בָּתֵּ֨ימוֹ ׀ לְֽעוֹלָ֗ם מִ֭שְׁכְּנֹתָם לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹ֑ר קָֽרְא֥וּ בִ֝שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם עֲלֵ֣י אֲדָמֽוֹת׃ |
Their inward thought is that their houses are age-abiding – That their dwellings will be from generation to generation. They call their estates after their own names. |
|
| Ps 49:13 Ps 49:12AV |
וְאָדָ֣ם בִּ֭יקָר בַּל־יָלִ֑ין נִמְשַׁ֖ל כַּבְּהֵמ֣וֹת נִדְמֽוּ׃ |
But man will not remain in splendour; He resembles cattle that are cut off. |
|
| Ps 49:14 Ps 49:13AV |
זֶ֣ה דַ֭רְכָּם כֵּ֣סֶל לָ֑מוֹ וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֓ם ׀ בְּפִיהֶ֖ם יִרְצ֣וּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
This way of theirs is their folly, But those who come after them Are pleased with their sayings. Selah. |
sayings ← mouth. |
| Ps 49:15 Ps 49:14AV |
כַּצֹּ֤אן ׀ לִֽשְׁא֣וֹל שַׁתּוּ֮ מָ֤וֶת יִ֫רְעֵ֥ם וַיִּרְדּ֘וּ בָ֤ם יְשָׁרִ֨ים ׀ לַבֹּ֗קֶר *וצירם **וְ֭צוּרָם לְבַלּ֥וֹת שְׁא֗וֹל מִזְּבֻ֥ל לֽוֹ׃ |
They are put in a grave like sheep; Death has dominion over them. Now the upright will rule over them in the morning, But their condition will decay in the grave More than it did in their dwelling. |
their condition: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A yod / vav issue.
they are put ← they put them. Avoidance of the passive. has dominion ← tends, pastures. more than: AV differs (from); [CB]= (far) from. their ← his. |
| Ps 49:16 Ps 49:15AV |
אַךְ־אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִפְדֶּ֣ה נַ֭פְשִׁי מִֽיַּד־שְׁא֑וֹל כִּ֖י יִקָּחֵ֣נִי סֶֽלָה׃ |
Surely God will redeem my life From the power of the grave, For he will take me up. Selah. |
life ← soul.
power ← hand. |
| Ps 49:17 Ps 49:16AV |
אַל־תִּ֭ירָא כִּֽי־יַעֲשִׁ֣ר אִ֑ישׁ כִּֽי־יִ֝רְבֶּה כְּב֣וֹד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ |
Do not fear when a man becomes rich, When the prestige of his house is increased. |
|
| Ps 49:18 Ps 49:17AV |
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א בְ֭מוֹתוֹ יִקַּ֣ח הַכֹּ֑ל לֹא־יֵרֵ֖ד אַחֲרָ֣יו כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
For he does not take anything with him at his death, Nor does his honour follow him down. |
anything ← everything. |
| Ps 49:19 Ps 49:18AV |
כִּֽי־נַ֭פְשׁוֹ בְּחַיָּ֣יו יְבָרֵ֑ךְ וְ֝יוֹדֻ֗ךָ כִּי־תֵיטִ֥יב לָֽךְ׃ |
For he blesses himself in his lifetime, And men praise you When you do well for yourself. |
blesses: or, in modern parlance, congratulates.
himself ← his soul. |
| Ps 49:20 Ps 49:19AV |
תָּ֭בוֹא עַד־דּ֣וֹר אֲבוֹתָ֑יו עַד־נֵ֝֗צַח לֹ֣א יִרְאוּ־אֽוֹר׃ |
You will go to the generation of his fathers, Who will never see light. |
you: AV differs (he), without Hebrew manuscript support, but perhaps taking his soul as the subject, or see Num 15:9. |
| Ps 49:21 Ps 49:20AV |
אָדָ֣ם בִּ֭יקָר וְלֹ֣א יָבִ֑ין נִמְשַׁ֖ל כַּבְּהֵמ֣וֹת נִדְמֽוּ׃ |
A man in splendour, But who does not understand, Resembles cattle That are cut off. |
|
| Ps 50:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֵ֤ל ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֡ים יְֽהוָ֗ה דִּבֶּ֥ר וַיִּקְרָא־אָ֑רֶץ מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ עַד־מְבֹאֽוֹ׃ |
A Psalm of Asaph.
God, God, the Lord has spoken And called to the earth From the rising of the sun To its setting. |
|
| Ps 50:2 | מִצִּיּ֥וֹן מִכְלַל־יֹ֗פִי אֱלֹהִ֥ים הוֹפִֽיעַ׃ |
God has shone from Zion As the perfection of beauty. |
shone: this could also be taken transitively, made (the perfection of beauty) shine. |
| Ps 50:3 | יָ֤בֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְֽאַל־יֶ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ אֵשׁ־לְפָנָ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּ֝סְבִיבָ֗יו נִשְׂעֲרָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
Our God will come and will not be silent. A fire before him will consume away, And around him it will be very tempestuous. |
|
| Ps 50:4 | יִקְרָ֣א אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם מֵעָ֑ל וְאֶל־הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ לָדִ֥ין עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
He will call out to the heavens above, And to the earth, To judge his people. |
|
| Ps 50:5 | אִסְפוּ־לִ֥י חֲסִידָ֑י כֹּרְתֵ֖י בְרִיתִ֣י עֲלֵי־זָֽבַח׃ |
Gather my men of grace up to me – Those who have carried out my covenant by sacrifice. |
carried out ← cut. |
| Ps 50:6 | וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ שָׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֓ים ׀ שֹׁפֵ֖ט ה֣וּא סֶֽלָה׃ |
And the heavens will declare his righteousness, For God is the judge. Selah. |
|
| Ps 50:7 | שִׁמְעָ֤ה עַמִּ֨י ׀ וַאֲדַבֵּ֗רָה יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֑ךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ אָנֹֽכִי׃ |
Listen, my people, And I will speak, O Israel, And I will testify against you. I am God – your God. |
|
| Ps 50:8 | לֹ֣א עַל־זְ֭בָחֶיךָ אוֹכִיחֶ֑ךָ וְעוֹלֹתֶ֖יךָ לְנֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃ |
I will not reprove you about your sacrifices, Nor your burnt offerings Which are continually before me. |
|
| Ps 50:9 | לֹא־אֶקַּ֣ח מִבֵּיתְךָ֣ פָ֑ר מִ֝מִּכְלְאֹתֶ֗יךָ עַתּוּדִֽים׃ |
I will not take a bull-calf from your house, Nor he-goats from your folds, |
|
| Ps 50:10 | כִּי־לִ֥י כָל־חַיְתוֹ־יָ֑עַר בְּ֝הֵמ֗וֹת בְּהַרְרֵי־אָֽלֶף׃ |
For all the wild animals of the forest are mine, As are the cattle on a thousand mountains. |
on a thousand mountains: or on the mountains of the oxen. |
| Ps 50:11 | יָ֭דַעְתִּי כָּל־ע֣וֹף הָרִ֑ים וְזִ֥יז שָׂ֝דַ֗י עִמָּדִֽי׃ |
I know all the birds of the mountains, And the wildlife of the countryside is with me. |
mountains ← mountain.
wildlife ← wealth, i.e., [AnLx], beasts. |
| Ps 50:12 | אִם־אֶ֭רְעַב לֹא־אֹ֣מַר לָ֑ךְ כִּי־לִ֥י תֵ֝בֵ֗ל וּמְלֹאָֽהּ׃ |
If I were to be hungry, I would not tell you, For the world and its fulness are mine. |
|
| Ps 50:13 | הַֽ֭אוֹכַל בְּשַׂ֣ר אַבִּירִ֑ים וְדַ֖ם עַתּוּדִ֣ים אֶשְׁתֶּֽה׃ |
Would I eat beef of strong bulls, Or drink the blood of he-goats? |
|
| Ps 50:14 | זְבַ֣ח לֵאלֹהִ֣ים תּוֹדָ֑ה וְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לְעֶלְי֣וֹן נְדָרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Give a sacrifice of a thank-offering to God, And fulfil your vows to the Most High. |
|
| Ps 50:15 | וּ֭קְרָאֵנִי בְּי֣וֹם צָרָ֑ה אֲ֝חַלֶּצְךָ֗ וּֽתְכַבְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
And call on me on the day of anguish, And I will deliver you, And you will glorify me. |
|
| Ps 50:16 | וְלָ֤רָשָׁ֨ע ׀ אָ֘מַ֤ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים מַה־לְּ֭ךָ לְסַפֵּ֣ר חֻקָּ֑י וַתִּשָּׂ֖א בְרִיתִ֣י עֲלֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
But to the wicked, God has said, “What concern is it to you to relate my statutes, And for you to take up my covenant in your mouth, |
|
| Ps 50:17 | וְ֭אַתָּה שָׂנֵ֣אתָ מוּסָ֑ר וַתַּשְׁלֵ֖ךְ דְּבָרַ֣י אַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Seeing you hate correction, And you cast my words behind you? |
seeing: wider use of the vav. |
| Ps 50:18 | אִם־רָאִ֣יתָ גַ֭נָּב וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמּ֑וֹ וְעִ֖ם מְנָאֲפִ֣ים חֶלְקֶֽךָ׃ |
If you saw a thief, You delighted in being with him, And you participated with adulterers. |
you participated with adulterers ← your part (was) with. |
| Ps 50:19 | פִּ֭יךָ שָׁלַ֣חְתָּ בְרָעָ֑ה וּ֝לְשׁוֹנְךָ֗ תַּצְמִ֥יד מִרְמָֽה׃ |
You let your mouth loose with evil, And you yoke your tongue to deceit. |
|
| Ps 50:20 | תֵּ֭שֵׁב בְּאָחִ֣יךָ תְדַבֵּ֑ר בְּבֶֽן־אִ֝מְּךָ֗ תִּתֶּן־דֹּֽפִי׃ |
You sit and speak against your brother, You publish defamation of your mother's son; |
|
| Ps 50:21 | אֵ֤לֶּה עָשִׂ֨יתָ ׀ וְֽהֶחֱרַ֗שְׁתִּי דִּמִּ֗יתָ הֱֽיוֹת־אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה כָמ֑וֹךָ אוֹכִיחֲךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֶרְכָ֣ה לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ |
You have done these things, And I have been silent. Did you think That I would in any way be like you? I will reprove you And make the comparison in your sight. |
I would in any way be like you: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 50:22 | בִּֽינוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֭את שֹׁכְחֵ֣י אֱל֑וֹהַּ פֶּן־אֶ֝טְרֹ֗ף וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
Now understand this, You who forget God, Lest I tear you apart, And there will be no-one to deliver you. |
|
| Ps 50:23 | זֹבֵ֥חַ תּוֹדָ֗ה יְֽכַ֫בְּדָ֥נְנִי וְשָׂ֥ם דֶּ֑רֶךְ אַ֝רְאֶ֗נּוּ בְּיֵ֣שַׁע אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
He who offers a thank-offering Honours me, And as for him who lays the way to heart, I will show him the salvation of God.” |
offers ← sacrifices. |
| Ps 51:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David, |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 51:2 Ps 51:1AV |
בְּֽבוֹא־אֵ֭לָיו נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֑יא כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֝֗א אֶל־בַּת־שָֽׁבַע׃ | when Nathan the prophet came to him, because he had gone in to Bathsheba. | |
| Ps 51:3 Ps 51:1AV |
חָנֵּ֣נִי אֱלֹהִ֣ים כְּחַסְדֶּ֑ךָ כְּרֹ֥ב רַ֝חֲמֶ֗יךָ מְחֵ֣ה פְשָׁעָֽי׃ |
Have mercy on me, O God, According to your kindness; Wipe out my transgressions According to the greatness of your compassion. |
|
| Ps 51:4 Ps 51:2AV |
*הרבה **הֶ֭רֶב כַּבְּסֵ֣נִי מֵעֲוֺנִ֑י וּֽמֵחַטָּאתִ֥י טַהֲרֵֽנִי׃ |
Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, And cleanse me from my sin. |
thoroughly: the qeré is an apocopated form of the ketiv. The qeré is rare: only here and Judg 20:38 (with no textual issue). |
| Ps 51:5 Ps 51:3AV |
כִּֽי־פְ֭שָׁעַי אֲנִ֣י אֵדָ֑ע וְחַטָּאתִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃ |
For I acknowledge my transgressions, And my sin is continually before me. |
|
| Ps 51:6 Ps 51:4AV |
לְךָ֤ לְבַדְּךָ֨ ׀ חָטָאתִי֮ וְהָרַ֥ע בְּעֵינֶ֗יךָ עָ֫שִׂ֥יתִי לְ֭מַעַן תִּצְדַּ֥ק בְּדָבְרֶ֗ךָ תִּזְכֶּ֥ה בְשָׁפְטֶֽךָ׃ |
Against you, you only, I have sinned, And I have done what is wrong in your sight, So you are righteous when you speak, And you are pure when you judge. |
Rom 3:4. |
| Ps 51:7 Ps 51:5AV |
הֵן־בְּעָו֥וֹן חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי וּ֝בְחֵ֗טְא יֶֽחֱמַ֥תְנִי אִמִּֽי׃ |
Behold, I was born in iniquity, And in sin my mother conceived me. |
|
| Ps 51:8 Ps 51:6AV |
הֵן־אֱ֭מֶת חָפַ֣צְתָּ בַטֻּח֑וֹת וּ֝בְסָתֻ֗ם חָכְמָ֥ה תוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Behold, you delight in truth in the inward parts, And you make wisdom known to me In the part which is concealed. |
|
| Ps 51:9 Ps 51:7AV |
תְּחַטְּאֵ֣נִי בְאֵז֣וֹב וְאֶטְהָ֑ר תְּ֝כַבְּסֵ֗נִי וּמִשֶּׁ֥לֶג אַלְבִּֽין׃ |
Expiate my sin with hyssop So that I become clean; Wash me So that I become whiter than snow. |
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 51:10 Ps 51:8AV |
תַּ֭שְׁמִיעֵנִי שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֑ה תָּ֝גֵ֗לְנָה עֲצָמ֥וֹת דִּכִּֽיתָ׃ |
Give me gladness and joy to hear; Let the bones you crushed rejoice. |
|
| Ps 51:11 Ps 51:9AV |
הַסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נֶיךָ מֵחֲטָאָ֑י וְֽכָל־עֲוֺ֖נֹתַ֣י מְחֵֽה׃ |
Hide your face from my sins, And wipe out all my iniquities. |
|
| Ps 51:12 Ps 51:10AV |
לֵ֣ב טָ֭הוֹר בְּרָא־לִ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְר֥וּחַ נָ֝כ֗וֹן חַדֵּ֥שׁ בְּקִרְבִּֽי׃ |
Create me a clean heart, O God, And make a new right-minded spirit in my inner self. |
|
| Ps 51:13 Ps 51:11AV |
אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵ֥נִי מִלְּפָנֶ֑יךָ וְר֥וּחַ קָ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ אַל־תִּקַּ֥ח מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Do not cast me out of your presence, And do not take your holy spirit away from me. |
your holy spirit ← the spirit of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 51:14 Ps 51:12AV |
הָשִׁ֣יבָה לִּ֭י שְׂשׂ֣וֹן יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ וְר֖וּחַ נְדִיבָ֣ה תִסְמְכֵֽנִי׃ |
Restore the happiness of your salvation to me, And may a willing spirit sustain me. |
may a willing spirit sustain me: AV differs (uphold me with thy free spirit), also possible, but it requires supplying the preposition with. |
| Ps 51:15 Ps 51:13AV |
אֲלַמְּדָ֣ה פֹשְׁעִ֣ים דְּרָכֶ֑יךָ וְ֝חַטָּאִ֗ים אֵלֶ֥יךָ יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃ |
I will teach transgressors your ways, So sinners will return to you. |
|
| Ps 51:16 Ps 51:14AV |
הַצִּ֘ילֵ֤נִי מִדָּמִ֨ים ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהֵ֥י תְּשׁוּעָתִ֑י תְּרַנֵּ֥ן לְ֝שׁוֹנִ֗י צִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Deliver me from guilt of bloodshed, O God, O God of my salvation. Let my tongue shout out your righteousness. |
guilt of bloodshed ← bloods. |
| Ps 51:17 Ps 51:15AV |
אֲ֭דֹנָי שְׂפָתַ֣י תִּפְתָּ֑ח וּ֝פִ֗י יַגִּ֥יד תְּהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
O Lord*, open my lips So that my mouth may declare your praise. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 51:18 Ps 51:16AV |
כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־תַחְפֹּ֣ץ זֶ֣בַח וְאֶתֵּ֑נָה ע֝וֹלָ֗ה לֹ֣א תִרְצֶֽה׃ |
For you do not take pleasure in sacrifice Which I would give, Nor do you desire a burnt offering. |
|
| Ps 51:19 Ps 51:17AV |
זִֽבְחֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים֮ ר֪וּחַ נִשְׁבָּ֫רָ֥ה לֵב־נִשְׁבָּ֥ר וְנִדְכֶּ֑ה אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לֹ֣א תִבְזֶֽה׃ |
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; A heart that is broken and contrite God will not despise. |
|
| Ps 51:20 Ps 51:18AV |
הֵיטִ֣יבָה בִ֭רְצוֹנְךָ אֶת־צִיּ֑וֹן תִּ֝בְנֶ֗ה חוֹמ֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
Do good in your delight in Zion; May you build the walls of Jerusalem. |
in Zion: AV differs (unto Zion), linking אֶת with הֵיטִיבָה, but it is linked with רָצָה in Lev 26:34, Lev 26:43 and Ps 147:11. |
| Ps 51:21 Ps 51:19AV |
אָ֤ז תַּחְפֹּ֣ץ זִבְחֵי־צֶ֭דֶק עוֹלָ֣ה וְכָלִ֑יל אָ֤ז יַעֲל֖וּ עַל־מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣ פָרִֽים׃ |
Then you will take pleasure in sacrifices of righteousness – A standard burnt offering and a complete burnt offering. Then they will offer bulls on your altar. |
|
| Ps 52:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
An Instructive Psalm of David, |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 52:2 Ps 52:1AV |
בְּב֤וֹא ׀ דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִי֮ וַיַּגֵּ֪ד לְשָׁ֫א֥וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֑וֹ בָּ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | when Doeg the Edomite came and reported to Saul and said to him, “David has gone to Ahimelech's house.” | |
| Ps 52:3 Ps 52:1AV |
מַה־תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל בְּ֭רָעָה הַגִּבּ֑וֹר חֶ֥סֶד אֵ֝֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
How you boast in wickedness, O mighty man, Whilst the kindness of God is present all day long. |
|
| Ps 52:4 Ps 52:2AV |
הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
Your tongue devises calamitous things – As a sharpened razor perpetrating deceit. |
|
| Ps 52:5 Ps 52:3AV |
אָהַ֣בְתָּ רָּ֣ע מִטּ֑וֹב שֶׁ֓קֶר ׀ מִדַּבֵּ֖ר צֶ֣דֶק סֶֽלָה׃ |
You have loved evil more than good, And falsehood more than speaking righteousness. Selah. |
speaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 52:6 Ps 52:4AV |
אָהַ֥בְתָּ כָֽל־דִּבְרֵי־בָ֗לַע לְשׁ֣וֹן מִרְמָֽה׃ |
You have loved all kinds of predatory words, You deceitful tongue. |
predatory ← swallowing. |
| Ps 52:7 Ps 52:5AV |
גַּם־אֵל֮ יִתָּצְךָ֪ לָ֫נֶ֥צַח יַחְתְּךָ֣ וְיִסָּחֲךָ֣ מֵאֹ֑הֶל וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨ מֵאֶ֖רֶץ חַיִּ֣ים סֶֽלָה׃ |
God for his part will tear you down for perpetuity; He will take hold of you And sweep you away from your tent And root you out of the land of the living. Selah. |
for his part ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Ps 52:8 Ps 52:6AV |
וְיִרְא֖וּ צַדִּיקִ֥ים וְיִירָ֗אוּ וְעָלָ֥יו יִשְׂחָֽקוּ׃ |
And the righteous will look on and fear And laugh at him. |
|
| Ps 52:9 Ps 52:7AV |
הִנֵּ֤ה הַגֶּ֗בֶר לֹ֤א יָשִׂ֥ים אֱלֹהִ֗ים מָֽע֫וּזּ֥וֹ וַ֭יִּבְטַח בְּרֹ֣ב עָשְׁר֑וֹ יָ֝עֹ֗ז בְּהַוָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Behold the man who does not make God his stronghold, But trusts in the abundance of his wealth And is strong in his calamitous way! |
|
| Ps 52:10 Ps 52:8AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ כְּזַ֣יִת רַ֭עֲנָן בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּטַ֥חְתִּי בְחֶֽסֶד־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
But I am like a flourishing olive tree in the house of God; I have trusted in the kindness of God Age-abidingly and in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 52:11 Ps 52:9AV |
אוֹדְךָ֣ לְ֭עוֹלָם כִּ֣י עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַאֲקַוֶּ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֥ כִֽי־ט֝֗וֹב נֶ֣גֶד חֲסִידֶֽיךָ׃ |
I will praise you age-abidingly, For you have taken action, And I will put hope in your name, For you are good towards those under your grace. |
|
| Ps 53:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־מָחֲלַ֗ת מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster on Mahalath.↑
An Instructive Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 53:2 Ps 53:1AV |
אָ֘מַ֤ר נָבָ֣ל בְּ֭לִבּוֹ אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִֽ֝שְׁחִ֗יתוּ וְהִֽתְעִ֥יבוּ עָ֝֗וֶל אֵ֣ין עֹֽשֵׂה־טֽוֹב׃ |
The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God*.” And they have acted corruptly; They have committed abominable iniquity. There is no-one who does good. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
Rom 3:10. || Ps 14:1. |
| Ps 53:3 Ps 53:2AV |
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים מִשָּׁמַיִם֮ הִשְׁקִ֪יף עַֽל־בְּנֵ֫י אָדָ֥ם לִ֭רְאוֹת הֲיֵ֣שׁ מַשְׂכִּ֑יל דֹּ֝רֵ֗שׁ אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
God* peered down from heaven At the sons of Adam To see if there was anyone who was prudent – Anyone who was seeking God. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
Rom 3:11. || Ps 14:2. |
| Ps 53:4 Ps 53:3AV |
כֻּלּ֥וֹ סָג֮ יַחְדָּ֪ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃ |
They have all slidden back; They have become corrupt together. There is no-one who does good – There is not even one. |
Rom 3:12.
|| Ps 14:3. |
| Ps 53:5 Ps 53:4AV |
הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ פֹּ֤עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃ |
Do those engaged in iniquity not know? – Those who devour my people In the same way as they devour bread? They do not call on God*. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| Ps 14:4. |
| Ps 53:6 Ps 53:5AV |
שָׁ֤ם ׀ פָּֽחֲדוּ־פַחַד֮ לֹא־הָ֪יָה֫ פָ֥חַד כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֗ים פִּ֭זַּר עַצְמ֣וֹת חֹנָ֑ךְ הֱ֝בִשֹׁ֗תָה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים מְאָסָֽם׃ |
There they had a great fear, But there was no reason for fear, For God* has scattered the bones Of him who encamps against you. You have put them to shame, Because God* has rejected them. |
God* (2x): [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| Ps 14:5. they had a great fear ← they feared a great fear. |
| Ps 53:7 Ps 53:6AV |
מִ֥י יִתֵּ֣ן מִצִּיּוֹן֮ יְשֻׁע֪וֹת יִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל בְּשׁ֣וּב אֱ֭לֹהִים שְׁב֣וּת עַמּ֑וֹ יָגֵ֥ל יַ֝עֲקֹ֗ב יִשְׂמַ֥ח יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Oh for the salvation of Israel from Zion! When God reverses the captivity of his people, Jacob will rejoice – Israel will be glad. |
|| Ps 14:7.
oh for ← who will give, a stereotyped expression for a wish. |
| Ps 54:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינֹ֗ת מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to stringed music.↑
An Instructive Psalm of David, |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 54:2 Ps 54:1AV |
בְּב֣וֹא הַ֭זִּיפִים וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְשָׁא֑וּל הֲלֹ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד מִסְתַּתֵּ֥ר עִמָּֽנוּ׃ | when the Ziphites came and said to Saul, “Is not David hiding with us?” | Ziphites: AV= Ziphims. |
| Ps 54:3 Ps 54:1AV |
אֱ֭לֹהִים בְּשִׁמְךָ֣ הוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי וּבִגְבוּרָתְךָ֥ תְדִינֵֽנִי׃ |
O God, save me in your name, And judge me by your might. |
|
| Ps 54:4 Ps 54:2AV |
אֱ֭לֹהִים שְׁמַ֣ע תְּפִלָּתִ֑י הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָה לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
O God, hear my prayer; Listen to the words of my mouth. |
|
| Ps 54:5 Ps 54:3AV |
כִּ֤י זָרִ֨ים ׀ קָ֤מוּ עָלַ֗י וְֽ֭עָרִיצִים בִּקְשׁ֣וּ נַפְשִׁ֑י לֹ֤א שָׂ֨מוּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְנֶגְדָּ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
For strangers have risen up against me, And fierce men seek my life. They have not put God before them. Selah. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 54:6 Ps 54:4AV |
הִנֵּ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים עֹזֵ֣ר לִ֑י אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י בְּֽסֹמְכֵ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Behold, God is my helper; The Lord* is among those Who sustain my life. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
life ← soul. |
| Ps 54:7 Ps 54:5AV |
*ישוב **יָשִׁ֣יב הָ֭רַע לְשֹׁרְרָ֑י בַּ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ הַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ |
He will turn the evil onto my adversaries. Cut them off by your truth! |
turn: the ketiv (qal stem-formation) can have a transitive sense, like the qeré (hiphil stem-formation). |
| Ps 54:8 Ps 54:6AV |
בִּנְדָבָ֥ה אֶזְבְּחָה־לָּ֑ךְ א֤וֹדֶה שִּׁמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ |
I will willingly sacrifice to you; I will praise your name, O Lord, For it is good. |
|
| Ps 54:9 Ps 54:7AV |
כִּ֣י מִכָּל־צָ֭רָה הִצִּילָ֑נִי וּ֝בְאֹיְבַ֗י רָאֲתָ֥ה עֵינִֽי׃ |
For you have delivered me from all adversity, And my eye has looked on my enemies with satisfaction. |
|
| Ps 55:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינֹ֗ת מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to stringed music.↑
An Instructive Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 55:2 Ps 55:1AV |
הַאֲזִ֣ינָה אֱ֭לֹהִים תְּפִלָּתִ֑י וְאַל־תִּ֝תְעַלַּ֗ם מִתְּחִנָּתִֽי׃ |
Listen, O God, to my prayer, And do not hide from my supplication. |
|
| Ps 55:3 Ps 55:2AV |
הַקְשִׁ֣יבָה לִּ֣י וַעֲנֵ֑נִי אָרִ֖יד בְּשִׂיחִ֣י וְאָהִֽימָה׃ |
Hearken to me, and answer me. I wander in my speech, And I am in turmoil, |
|
| Ps 55:4 Ps 55:3AV |
מִקּ֤וֹל אוֹיֵ֗ב מִפְּנֵ֣י עָקַ֣ת רָשָׁ֑ע כִּי־יָמִ֥יטוּ עָלַ֥י אָ֝֗וֶן וּבְאַ֥ף יִשְׂטְמֽוּנִי׃ |
At the sound of the enemy – In the face of oppression of the wicked – For they caused havoc to rain down on me, And they beleaguer me in anger. |
rain down ← tumble down. |
| Ps 55:5 Ps 55:4AV |
לִ֭בִּי יָחִ֣יל בְּקִרְבִּ֑י וְאֵימ֥וֹת מָ֝֗וֶת נָפְל֥וּ עָלָֽי׃ |
My heart reels inside me, And the dread of death has fallen on me. |
dread ← dreads. |
| Ps 55:6 Ps 55:5AV |
יִרְאָ֣ה וָ֭רַעַד יָ֣בֹא בִ֑י וַ֝תְּכַסֵּ֗נִי פַּלָּצֽוּת׃ |
Fear and trembling come upon me, And fright has enveloped me. |
|
| Ps 55:7 Ps 55:6AV |
וָאֹמַ֗ר מִֽי־יִתֶּן־לִּ֣י אֵ֭בֶר כַּיּוֹנָ֗ה אָע֥וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּֽנָה׃ |
Then I said, “If only I had flight feathers like a dove, I would fly away and come to rest. |
|
| Ps 55:8 Ps 55:7AV |
הִ֭נֵּה אַרְחִ֣יק נְדֹ֑ד אָלִ֖ין בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר סֶֽלָה׃ |
Behold, I would fly far away; I would lodge in the desert. Selah. |
|
| Ps 55:9 Ps 55:8AV |
אָחִ֣ישָׁה מִפְלָ֣ט לִ֑י מֵר֖וּחַ סֹעָ֣ה מִסָּֽעַר׃ |
I would be quick with my escape, From the sweeping wind – From the storm.” |
|
| Ps 55:10 Ps 55:9AV |
בַּלַּ֣ע אֲ֭דֹנָי פַּלַּ֣ג לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם כִּֽי־רָאִ֨יתִי חָמָ֖ס וְרִ֣יב בָּעִֽיר׃ |
O Lord*, swallow them up; Divide their tongue, For I have seen violence and strife in the city. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 55:11 Ps 55:10AV |
יוֹמָ֤ם וָלַ֗יְלָה יְסוֹבְבֻ֥הָ עַל־חוֹמֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאָ֖וֶן וְעָמָ֣ל בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃ |
Day and night they go around it on its walls, Whilst iniquity and vice are inside it. |
|
| Ps 55:12 Ps 55:11AV |
הַוּ֥וֹת בְּקִרְבָּ֑הּ וְֽלֹא־יָמִ֥ישׁ מֵ֝רְחֹבָ֗הּ תֹּ֣ךְ וּמִרְמָֽה׃ |
Inside it are perversities, Whilst violence and deceit do not depart from its streets. |
|
| Ps 55:13 Ps 55:12AV |
כִּ֤י לֹֽא־אוֹיֵ֥ב יְחָֽרְפֵ֗נִי וְאֶ֫שָּׂ֥א לֹֽא־מְ֭שַׂנְאִי עָלַ֣י הִגְדִּ֑יל וְאֶסָּתֵ֥ר מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
For it is not an enemy that reproaches me, Which I could have borne; It is not one who hates me who defies me, From whom I could have hidden, |
defies ← makes (himself) great, acts proudly. |
| Ps 55:14 Ps 55:13AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה אֱנ֣וֹשׁ כְּעֶרְכִּ֑י אַ֝לּוּפִ֗י וּמְיֻדָּֽעִי׃ |
But you – a man of my own standing – My friend and my acquaintance, |
|
| Ps 55:15 Ps 55:14AV |
אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַ֭חְדָּו נַמְתִּ֣יק ס֑וֹד בְּבֵ֥ית אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים נְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בְּרָֽגֶשׁ׃ |
With whom we sweetly took joint counsel. We went to the house of God in a bustling crowd. |
|
| Ps 55:16 Ps 55:15AV |
*ישימות **יַשִּׁ֤י **מָ֨וֶת ׀ עָלֵ֗ימוֹ יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים כִּֽי־רָע֖וֹת בִּמְגוּרָ֣ם בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ |
May {Q: death suddenly come} [K: desolations come] upon them; May they go down to the grave alive, For there are wicked things in their dwellings, And in their midst. |
The ketiv is from root ישם. The qeré takes the consonants as two words and elides a final aleph from root נשׁא. |
| Ps 55:17 Ps 55:16AV |
אֲ֭נִי אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֶקְרָ֑א וַ֝יהוָ֗ה יוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃ |
As for me, I will call to God That the Lord may save me. |
that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 55:18 Ps 55:17AV |
עֶ֤רֶב וָבֹ֣קֶר וְ֭צָהֳרַיִם אָשִׂ֣יחָה וְאֶהֱמֶ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלִֽי׃ |
Evening and morning, and at noon, I will lament and sigh, And he will hear my voice. |
|
| Ps 55:19 Ps 55:18AV |
פָּ֘דָ֤ה בְשָׁל֣וֹם נַ֭פְשִׁי מִקֲּרָב־לִ֑י כִּֽי־בְ֝רַבִּ֗ים הָי֥וּ עִמָּדִֽי׃ |
He has redeemed my life in peace, From my battle, For there were many of them in conflict with me. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 55:20 Ps 55:19AV |
יִשְׁמַ֤ע ׀ אֵ֨ל ׀ וְֽיַעֲנֵם֮ וְיֹ֤שֵׁ֥ב קֶ֗דֶם סֶ֥לָה אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֣ין חֲלִיפ֣וֹת לָ֑מוֹ וְלֹ֖א יָרְא֣וּ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
God will hear them and answer them, For he has been abiding from ancient time. Selah. Since they have no change of mind, They do not fear God. |
answer: AV differs (afflict), re-pointing as piel. |
| Ps 55:21 Ps 55:20AV |
שָׁלַ֣ח יָ֭דָיו בִּשְׁלֹמָ֗יו חִלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתֽוֹ׃ |
He shot out his hands Against those at peace with him; He violated his covenant. |
|
| Ps 55:22 Ps 55:21AV |
חָלְק֤וּ ׀ מַחְמָאֹ֣ת פִּיו֮ וּֽקֲרָב־לִ֫בּ֥וֹ רַכּ֖וּ דְבָרָ֥יו מִשֶּׁ֗מֶן וְהֵ֣מָּה פְתִחֽוֹת׃ |
The buttered words of his mouth were flattery, Whilst battle was in his heart. His words were softer than oil, Whilst they were with daggers drawn. |
buttered: i.e. complimentary. |
| Ps 55:23 Ps 55:22AV |
הַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עַל־יְהוָ֨ה ׀ יְהָבְךָ֮ וְה֪וּא יְכַ֫לְכְּלֶ֥ךָ לֹא־יִתֵּ֖ן לְעוֹלָ֥ם מ֗וֹט לַצַּדִּֽיק׃ |
Cast your burden on the Lord, And he will sustain you. He will not allow the righteous to totter for ever. |
for ever ← for the age. |
| Ps 55:24 Ps 55:23AV |
וְאַתָּ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ תּוֹרִדֵ֬ם ׀ לִבְאֵ֬ר שַׁ֗חַת אַנְשֵׁ֤י דָמִ֣ים וּ֭מִרְמָה לֹא־יֶחֱצ֣וּ יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וַ֝אֲנִ֗י אֶבְטַח־בָּֽךְ׃ |
But you, O God, will bring them down to the pit of decay; Men of blood and deceit will not have half their days. But I will trust in you. |
|
| Ps 56:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ עַל־י֬וֹנַת אֵ֣לֶם רְ֭חֹקִים לְדָוִ֣ד מִכְתָּ֑ם בֶּֽאֱחֹ֨ז אֹת֖וֹ פְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים בְּגַֽת׃ |
To the choirmaster on Jonath-Elem-Rechokim.↑
A Golden Psalm of David when the Philistines seized him in Gath. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Jonath-Elem-Rechokim: i.e. the dove of distant silence. Others suggest the dove of the distant terebinth [CB], or the dumb dove among foreigners [Ges-HCL]. Golden Psalm: see Ps 16:1. |
| Ps 56:2 Ps 56:1AV |
חָנֵּ֣נִי אֱ֭לֹהִים כִּֽי־שְׁאָפַ֣נִי אֱנ֑וֹשׁ כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם לֹחֵ֥ם יִלְחָצֵֽנִי׃ |
Have mercy on me, O God, For man thirsts for me; All day long he oppresses me with fighting. |
thirsts ← pants.
with fighting ← (while) fighting. |
| Ps 56:3 Ps 56:2AV |
שָׁאֲפ֣וּ שׁ֭וֹרְרַי כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם כִּֽי־רַבִּ֨ים לֹחֲמִ֖ים לִ֣י מָרֽוֹם׃ |
My adversaries thirst for me all day long, For many are they Who haughtily do battle against me. |
thirst ← pant.
haughtily ← height. AV differs (O thou most High). |
| Ps 56:4 Ps 56:3AV |
י֥וֹם אִירָ֑א אֲ֝נִ֗י אֵלֶ֥יךָ אֶבְטָֽח׃ |
On the day when I am afraid, I will trust in you. |
|
| Ps 56:5 Ps 56:4AV |
בֵּאלֹהִים֮ אֲהַלֵּ֪ל דְּבָ֫ר֥וֹ בֵּאלֹהִ֣ים בָּ֭טַחְתִּי לֹ֣א אִירָ֑א מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בָשָׂ֣ר לִֽי׃ |
Through God I will praise his word; In God I trust and do not fear. What can flesh do to me? |
Heb 13:6. |
| Ps 56:6 Ps 56:5AV |
כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם דְּבָרַ֣י יְעַצֵּ֑בוּ עָלַ֖י כָּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֣ם לָרָֽע׃ |
All day long they do violence to my words; All their thoughts are aimed at my harm. |
|
| Ps 56:7 Ps 56:6AV |
יָג֤וּרוּ ׀ *יצפינו **יִצְפּ֗וֹנוּ הֵ֭מָּה עֲקֵבַ֣י יִשְׁמֹ֑רוּ כַּ֝אֲשֶׁ֗ר קִוּ֥וּ נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
They meet and hide; They keep watch over my footsteps, As they lie in wait for my life. |
hide: the ketiv and qeré are hiphil and qal of the same root, with the same meaning.
footsteps ← heels. life ← soul. |
| Ps 56:8 Ps 56:7AV |
עַל־אָ֥וֶן פַּלֶּט־לָ֑מוֹ בְּ֝אַ֗ף עַמִּ֤ים ׀ הוֹרֵ֬ד אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
Deliver them into a void; Bring down the various peoples in anger, O God. |
into a void: AV differs (by iniquity). |
| Ps 56:9 Ps 56:8AV |
נֹדִי֮ סָפַ֪רְתָּ֫ה אָ֥תָּה שִׂ֣ימָה דִמְעָתִ֣י בְנֹאדֶ֑ךָ הֲ֝לֹ֗א בְּסִפְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
You can count my wanderings And put my tears in your bottle. Are they not in your book? |
|
| Ps 56:10 Ps 56:9AV |
אָ֥֨ז יָ֘שׁ֤וּבוּ אוֹיְבַ֣י אָ֭חוֹר בְּי֣וֹם אֶקְרָ֑א זֶה־יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים לִֽי׃ |
Presently my enemies will turn back – On the day when I call. I know this, For God is for me. |
|
| Ps 56:11 Ps 56:10AV |
בֵּֽ֭אלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר בַּ֝יהוָ֗ה אֲהַלֵּ֥ל דָּבָֽר׃ |
Through God I will praise the word; Through the Lord I will praise the word. |
praise the word (2x): otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 56:12 Ps 56:11AV |
בֵּֽאלֹהִ֣ים בָּ֭טַחְתִּי לֹ֣א אִירָ֑א מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה אָדָ֣ם לִֽי׃ |
In God I trust; I shall not fear. What can man do to me? |
|
| Ps 56:13 Ps 56:12AV |
עָלַ֣י אֱלֹהִ֣ים נְדָרֶ֑יךָ אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם תּוֹדֹ֣ת לָֽךְ׃ |
O God, my vows to you are incumbent on me; I will fulfil thank-offerings to you. |
my vows to you ← your vows, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 56:14 Ps 56:13AV |
כִּ֤י הִצַּ֪לְתָּ נַפְשִׁ֡י מִמָּוֶת֮ הֲלֹ֥א רַגְלַ֗י מִ֫דֶּ֥חִי לְ֭הִֽתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּ֝א֗וֹר הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ |
For you have rescued me from death. Is it not my feet you have saved from stumbling, So I can walk before God in the light of the living? |
me ← my soul. |
| Ps 57:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ אַל־תַּ֭שְׁחֵת לְדָוִ֣ד מִכְתָּ֑ם בְּבָרְח֥וֹ מִפְּנֵי־שָׁ֝א֗וּל בַּמְּעָרָֽה׃ |
To the choirmaster, Al-tashcheth.↑
A Golden Psalm of David when he fled from Saul into the cave. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Al-tashcheth: i.e. do not corrupt. AV= Al-taschith. Golden Psalm: see Ps 16:1. |
| Ps 57:2 Ps 57:1AV |
חָנֵּ֤נִי אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ חָנֵּ֗נִי כִּ֥י בְךָ֮ חָסָ֪יָה נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י וּבְצֵֽל־כְּנָפֶ֥יךָ אֶחְסֶ֑ה עַ֝֗ד יַעֲבֹ֥ר הַוּֽוֹת׃ |
Have mercy on me, O God, Have mercy on me. For my being trusts in you, And I will trust in the shadow of your wings Until the dangers have passed. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 57:3 Ps 57:2AV |
אֶ֭קְרָא לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן לָ֝אֵ֗ל גֹּמֵ֥ר עָלָֽי׃ |
I will cry out to God the Most High – To God who does the accomplishing for me. |
|
| Ps 57:4 Ps 57:3AV |
יִשְׁלַ֤ח מִשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וְֽיוֹשִׁיעֵ֗נִי חֵרֵ֣ף שֹׁאֲפִ֣י סֶ֑לָה יִשְׁלַ֥ח אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים חַסְדּ֥וֹ וַאֲמִתּֽוֹ׃ |
He will send help out from heaven and save me. He reproached him who thirsts for me. Selah. God will send his kindness and his truth. |
he reproached: AV differs, taking the word as a noun (the reproach).
thirsts ← pants. |
| Ps 57:5 Ps 57:4AV |
נַפְשִׁ֤י ׀ בְּת֥וֹךְ לְבָאִם֮ אֶשְׁכְּבָ֪ה לֹ֫הֲטִ֥ים בְּֽנֵי־אָדָ֗ם שִׁ֭נֵּיהֶם חֲנִ֣ית וְחִצִּ֑ים וּ֝לְשׁוֹנָ֗ם חֶ֣רֶב חַדָּֽה׃ |
My being is among lions; I lie among incensed men – Sons of men whose teeth are a spear and arrows, Whose tongue is a sharp sword. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 57:6 Ps 57:5AV |
ר֣וּמָה עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים עַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
May you be exalted over the heavens, O God; May your glory be over all the earth. |
The verse is as Ps 57:12 (Ps 57:11AV). |
| Ps 57:7 Ps 57:6AV |
רֶ֤שֶׁת ׀ הֵכִ֣ינוּ לִפְעָמַי֮ כָּפַ֪ף נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י כָּר֣וּ לְפָנַ֣י שִׁיחָ֑ה נָפְל֖וּ בְתוֹכָ֣הּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
They have prepared a net for my steps. My being is despondent. They have dug a pit in front of me, But they have fallen into it themselves. Selah. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 57:8 Ps 57:7AV |
נָ֘כ֤וֹן לִבִּ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים נָכ֣וֹן לִבִּ֑י אָ֝שִׁ֗ירָה וַאֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ |
My heart is resolved, O God, My heart is resolved. Let me sing And make psalm melody. |
|| Ps 108:2 (Ps 108:1AV). |
| Ps 57:9 Ps 57:8AV |
ע֤וּרָה כְבוֹדִ֗י ע֭וּרָֽה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר׃ |
Awake, my glory, Awake, O lute and harp; Let me awake at dawn. |
|| Ps 108:3 (Ps 108:2AV). |
| Ps 57:10 Ps 57:9AV |
אוֹדְךָ֖ בָעַמִּ֥ים ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י אֲ֝זַמֶּרְךָ֗ בַּל־אֻמִּֽים׃ |
I will give thanks to you among the various peoples, O Lord*; I will make psalm melody to you among the nations. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
|| Ps 108:4 (Ps 108:3AV). among the nations: we discount the maqqef, as in Ps 44:15 (Ps 44:14AV). |
| Ps 57:11 Ps 57:10AV |
כִּֽי־גָדֹ֣ל עַד־שָׁמַ֣יִם חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽעַד־שְׁחָקִ֥ים אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
For your kindness is great, Reaching up to heaven, As is your truth, Reaching up to the sky. |
|| Ps 108:5 (Ps 108:4AV). |
| Ps 57:12 Ps 57:11AV |
ר֣וּמָה עַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים עַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
May you be exalted above the heavens, O God; May your glory be over all the earth. |
|| Ps 108:6 (Ps 108:5AV). The verse is also as Ps 57:6 (Ps 57:5AV). |
| Ps 58:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֗ת לְדָוִ֥ד מִכְתָּֽם׃ |
To the choirmaster, Al-tashcheth.↑
A Golden Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Al-tashcheth: see Ps 57:1. Golden Psalm: see Ps 16:1. |
| Ps 58:2 Ps 58:1AV |
הַֽאֻמְנָ֗ם אֵ֣לֶם צֶ֭דֶק תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן מֵישָׁרִ֥ים תִּ֝שְׁפְּט֗וּ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃ |
Is there indeed silence When you should speak righteously? Do you judge uprightly, O sons of Adam? |
silence: AV differs (O congregation).
righteously: a noun for an adverb. |
| Ps 58:3 Ps 58:2AV |
אַף־בְּלֵב֮ עוֹלֹ֪ת תִּפְעָ֫ל֥וּן בָּאָ֡רֶץ חֲמַ֥ס יְ֝דֵיכֶ֗ם תְּפַלֵּֽסֽוּן׃ |
Indeed, in your heart you commit iniquitous things, And you mete out the violence of your hands on the earth. |
mete ← weigh. |
| Ps 58:4 Ps 58:3AV |
זֹ֣רוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מֵרָ֑חֶם תָּע֥וּ מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן דֹּבְרֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃ |
The wicked have been estranged since their time in the womb; They have erred since their time in the belly, Speaking falsehood. |
|
| Ps 58:5 Ps 58:4AV |
חֲמַת־לָ֗מוֹ כִּדְמ֥וּת חֲמַת־נָחָ֑שׁ כְּמוֹ־פֶ֥תֶן חֵ֝רֵ֗שׁ יַאְטֵ֥ם אָזְנֽוֹ׃ |
They have venom like serpents' venom; They are like a deaf viper That shuts its ear, |
like ← like the likeness of.
serpents' ← of a / the serpent. We take it as collective usage. |
| Ps 58:6 Ps 58:5AV |
אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יִ֭שְׁמַע לְק֣וֹל מְלַחֲשִׁ֑ים חוֹבֵ֖ר חֲבָרִ֣ים מְחֻכָּֽם׃ |
That does not listen to the voice of charmers, Nor the sagacious spellbinder. |
|
| Ps 58:7 Ps 58:6AV |
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים הֲרָס־שִׁנֵּ֥ימוֹ בְּפִ֑ימוֹ מַלְתְּע֥וֹת כְּ֝פִירִ֗ים נְתֹ֣ץ ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ |
O God, break their teeth in their mouth; Wrench out the incisors of lions, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 58:8 Ps 58:7AV |
יִמָּאֲס֣וּ כְמוֹ־מַ֭יִם יִתְהַלְּכוּ־לָ֑מוֹ יִדְרֹ֥ךְ *חצו **חִ֝צָּ֗יו כְּמ֣וֹ יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ׃ |
May they melt away as water flows its way. As soon as one attaches his {K: arrow} [Q: arrows] to his bow, May they be like those who are cut off. |
cut off: or, according to some, blunted [AnLx]. |
| Ps 58:9 Ps 58:8AV |
כְּמ֣וֹ שַׁ֭בְּלוּל תֶּ֣מֶס יַהֲלֹ֑ךְ נֵ֥פֶל אֵ֝֗שֶׁת בַּל־חָ֥זוּ שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Like a snail which melts as it goes; Like a woman's miscarriage, May they not see the sun. |
AV differs considerably. |
| Ps 58:10 Ps 58:9AV |
בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמוֹ־חַ֥י כְּמוֹ־חָ֝ר֗וֹן יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Before your pots are aware of the blackthorn fire, As one minute living, another minute over a fire, He will sweep them away. |
over a fire ← heat. AV differs (in his wrath).
sweep them away ← sweep him away. |
| Ps 58:11 Ps 58:10AV |
יִשְׂמַ֣ח צַ֭דִּיק כִּי־חָזָ֣ה נָקָ֑ם פְּעָמָ֥יו יִ֝רְחַ֗ץ בְּדַ֣ם הָרָשָֽׁע׃ |
The righteous man will rejoice; When he has seen vengeance, He will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked. |
|
| Ps 58:12 Ps 58:11AV |
וְיֹאמַ֣ר אָ֭דָם אַךְ־פְּרִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֑יק אַ֥ךְ יֵשׁ־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים שֹׁפְטִ֥ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And a man will say, “There is indeed fruit for the righteous. There is indeed a God Judging on the earth.” |
God ... judging: a rare case of a plural verb with Elohim (God) as subject. See note on Gen 1:1. Alternatively, the sense is judges (with divine authority?) judging. |
| Ps 59:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת֮ לְדָוִ֪ד מִ֫כְתָּ֥ם בִּשְׁלֹ֥חַ שָׁא֑וּל וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֥וּ אֶת־הַ֝בַּ֗יִת לַהֲמִיתֽוֹ׃ |
To the choirmaster, Al-tashcheth.↑
A Golden Psalm of David when Saul sent men to watch his house and to kill him. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Al-tashcheth: see Ps 57:1. Golden Psalm: see Ps 16:1. |
| Ps 59:2 Ps 59:1AV |
הַצִּילֵ֖נִי מֵאֹיְבַ֥י ׀ אֱלֹהָ֑י מִּמִתְקוֹמְמַ֥י תְּשַׂגְּבֵֽנִי׃ |
Deliver me from my enemies, O God of mine; Set me on high ground Against those who rise up against me. |
|
| Ps 59:3 Ps 59:2AV |
הַ֭צִּילֵנִי מִפֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וּֽמֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י דָ֝מִ֗ים הוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Deliver me from perpetrators of iniquity, And save me from men of blood. |
|
| Ps 59:4 Ps 59:3AV |
כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אָֽרְב֡וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וּרוּ עָלַ֣י עַזִ֑ים לֹא־פִשְׁעִ֖י וְלֹא־חַטָּאתִ֣י יְהוָֽה׃ |
For behold, they lie in wait for my life. Cruel men are in league against me, Not for my transgression and not for my sin, O Lord. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 59:5 Ps 59:4AV |
בְּֽלִי־עָ֭וֺן יְרוּצ֣וּן וְיִכּוֹנָ֑נוּ ע֖וּרָה לִקְרָאתִ֣י וּרְאֵה׃ |
Without iniquity on my part, They run and prepare themselves. Arise to meet me and see. |
|
| Ps 59:6 Ps 59:5AV |
וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ צְבָא֡וֹת אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָקִ֗יצָה לִפְקֹ֥ד כָּֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם אַל־תָּחֹ֨ן כָּל־בֹּ֖גְדֵי אָ֣וֶן סֶֽלָה׃ |
But you, O Lord God of hosts, God of Israel, Awake to visit all the Gentiles. Do not show mercy To any who treacherously deal in iniquity. Selah. |
any ← all. |
| Ps 59:7 Ps 59:6AV |
יָשׁ֣וּבוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃ |
They return in the evening; They growl like a dog And go around the city. |
|
| Ps 59:8 Ps 59:7AV |
הִנֵּ֤ה ׀ יַבִּ֘יע֤וּן בְּפִיהֶ֗ם חֲ֭רָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם כִּי־מִ֥י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃ |
Look, they babble with their mouth. Swords are on their lips, But who is listening? |
babble ← bubble up.
but who is listening: we take these as David's words, perhaps asking the Lord whether he is listening. AV differs. |
| Ps 59:9 Ps 59:8AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תִּשְׂחַק־לָ֑מוֹ תִּ֝לְעַ֗ג לְכָל־גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
But you, O Lord, will laugh at them; You will mock all the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 59:10 Ps 59:9AV |
עֻ֭זּוֹ אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֶשְׁמֹ֑רָה כִּֽי־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ |
As for his strength, I will keep to you, For God is my high stronghold. |
|
| Ps 59:11 Ps 59:10AV |
אֱלֹהֵ֣י *חסדו **חַסְדִּ֣י יְקַדְּמֵ֑נִי אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יַרְאֵ֥נִי בְשֹׁרְרָֽי׃ |
The God {Q: of kindness to me} [K: of his own kindness] will precede me; God will show me satisfaction over my adversaries. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. |
| Ps 59:12 Ps 59:11AV |
אַל־תַּהַרְגֵ֤ם ׀ פֶּֽן־יִשְׁכְּח֬וּ עַמִּ֗י הֲנִיעֵ֣מוֹ בְ֭חֵילְךָ וְהוֹרִידֵ֑מוֹ מָֽגִנֵּ֣נוּ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ |
Do not kill them, Lest my people forget. Make them wander about by your power, And bring them down, O Lord* our shield. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 59:13 Ps 59:12AV |
חַטַּאת־פִּ֗ימוֹ דְּֽבַר־שְׂפָ֫תֵ֥ימוֹ וְיִלָּכְד֥וּ בִגְאוֹנָ֑ם וּמֵאָלָ֖ה וּמִכַּ֣חַשׁ יְסַפֵּֽרוּ׃ |
As for the sin of their mouth – The word of their lips – They will be taken in their pride, And for the cursing and falsehood Which they speak. |
|
| Ps 59:14 Ps 59:13AV |
כַּלֵּ֥ה בְחֵמָה֮ כַּלֵּ֪ה וְֽאֵ֫ינֵ֥מוֹ וְֽיֵדְע֗וּ כִּֽי־אֱ֭לֹהִים מֹשֵׁ֣ל בְּיַעֲקֹ֑ב לְאַפְסֵ֖י הָאָ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה׃ |
Consume them in fury, Consume them so that they are no more. And they will know that God rules in Jacob And to the ends of the earth. Selah. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 59:15 Ps 59:14AV |
וְיָשׁ֣וּבוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃ |
And they will return in the evening And growl like a dog, And go around the city. |
|
| Ps 59:16 Ps 59:15AV |
הֵ֭מָּה *ינועון **יְנִיע֣וּן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל אִם־לֹ֥א יִ֝שְׂבְּע֗וּ וַיָּלִֽינוּ׃ |
They will {K: wander around} [Q: cause to wander around] for food. If they are not satiated, They will complain. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. The qeré seems pointless.
for food ← to eat. |
| Ps 59:17 Ps 59:16AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ אָשִׁ֣יר עֻזֶּךָ֮ וַאֲרַנֵּ֥ן לַבֹּ֗קֶר חַ֫סְדֶּ֥ךָ כִּֽי־הָיִ֣יתָ מִשְׂגָּ֣ב לִ֑י וּ֝מָנ֗וֹס בְּי֣וֹם צַר־לִֽי׃ |
But I will sing of your strength And celebrate your kindness in the morning, For you have been a high stronghold to me And a place of refuge on the day when I was in a strait. |
|
| Ps 59:18 Ps 59:17AV |
עֻ֭זִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים מִ֝שְׂגַּבִּ֗י אֱלֹהֵ֥י חַסְדִּֽי׃ |
I will make psalm melody to you, O my strength, For God is my high stronghold – The God of kindness to me. |
kindness to me ← my kindness, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 60:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־שׁוּשַׁ֣ן עֵד֑וּת מִכְתָּ֖ם לְדָוִ֣ד לְלַמֵּֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster in Shushan-Eduth.↑
A Golden Psalm of David to teach, |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Shushan-Eduth ← Lily of testimony. Golden Psalm: see Ps 16:1. |
| Ps 60:2 Ps 60:1AV |
בְּהַצּוֹת֨וֹ ׀ אֶ֥ת אֲרַ֣ם נַהֲרַיִם֮ וְאֶת־אֲרַ֪ם צ֫וֹבָ֥ה וַיָּ֤שָׁב יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־אֱד֣וֹם בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח שְׁנֵ֖ים עָשָׂ֣ר אָֽלֶף׃ | when he contended with Mesopotamia, and Aramaea-Zobah, when Joab returned and attacked Edom in the Valley of Salt – when he killed twelve thousand. | Mesopotamia: AV differs, transliterating (Aram-naharaim). |
| Ps 60:3 Ps 60:1AV |
אֱ֭לֹהִים זְנַחְתָּ֣נוּ פְרַצְתָּ֑נוּ אָ֝נַ֗פְתָּ תְּשׁ֣וֹבֵ֥ב לָֽנוּ׃ |
O God, you are averse to us; You have broken us up. You have been angry; Oh restore matters for us. |
restore matters: AV differs (turn thyself), also possible. |
| Ps 60:4 Ps 60:2AV |
הִרְעַ֣שְׁתָּה אֶ֣רֶץ פְּצַמְתָּ֑הּ רְפָ֖ה שְׁבָרֶ֣יהָ כִי־מָֽטָה׃ |
You have shaken the land; You have ruptured it. Oh heal its fractures, For it is faltering. |
|
| Ps 60:5 Ps 60:3AV |
הִרְאִ֣יתָה עַמְּךָ֣ קָשָׁ֑ה הִ֝שְׁקִיתָ֗נוּ יַ֣יִן תַּרְעֵלָֽה׃ |
You have shown your people harshness; You have given us wine to drink causing reeling. |
|
| Ps 60:6 Ps 60:4AV |
נָ֘תַ֤תָּה לִּירֵאֶ֣יךָ נֵּ֭ס לְהִתְנוֹסֵ֑ס מִ֝פְּנֵ֗י קֹ֣שֶׁט סֶֽלָה׃ |
You have given to those that fear you A standard to rally around, On account of the truth. Selah. |
|
| Ps 60:7 Ps 60:5AV |
לְ֭מַעַן יֵחָלְצ֣וּן יְדִידֶ֑יךָ הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה יְמִֽינְךָ֣ *ועננו **וַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
In order that your beloved ones may be delivered, Oh save with your right hand, And answer {K: us} [Q: me]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
|| Ps 108:7 (Ps 108:6AV). |
| Ps 60:8 Ps 60:6AV |
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ דִּבֶּ֥ר בְּקָדְשׁ֗וֹ אֶ֫עְלֹ֥זָה אֲחַלְּקָ֥ה שְׁכֶ֑ם וְעֵ֖מֶק סֻכּ֣וֹת אֲמַדֵּֽד׃ |
God has said in his holiness, “I will rejoice, I will apportion Shechem; I will allot the Valley of Succoth. |
|| Ps 108:8 (Ps 108:7AV).
holiness: or holy place. allot ← measure out. |
| Ps 60:9 Ps 60:7AV |
לִ֤י גִלְעָ֨ד ׀ וְלִ֬י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה וְ֭אֶפְרַיִם מָע֣וֹז רֹאשִׁ֑י יְ֝הוּדָ֗ה מְחֹֽקְקִי׃ |
Gilead is mine, And Manasseh is mine, And Ephraim is the stronghold of my head. Judah is my lawgiver. |
|| Ps 108:9 (Ps 108:8AV).
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Ps 60:10 Ps 60:8AV |
מוֹאָ֤ב ׀ סִ֬יר רַחְצִ֗י עַל־אֱ֭דוֹם אַשְׁלִ֣יךְ נַעֲלִ֑י עָ֝לַ֗י פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת הִתְרֹעָֽעִֽי׃ |
Moab is my washing basin, At Edom I will cast my shoe; Philistia, you shall suffer harm on my account.” |
|| Ps 108:10 (Ps 108:9AV).
cast my shoe: [CB], idiom for taking possession. you shall suffer harm ← suffer harm! from root רעע. AV differs (triumph thou), from root רוע. Contrast Ps 108:10 (Ps 108:9AV). |
| Ps 60:11 Ps 60:9AV |
מִ֣י יֹ֭בִלֵנִי עִ֣יר מָצ֑וֹר מִ֖י נָחַ֣נִי עַד־אֱדֽוֹם׃ |
Who will bring me to a fortified city? Who will lead me to Edom? |
|| Ps 108:11 (Ps 108:10AV). |
| Ps 60:12 Ps 60:10AV |
הֲלֹֽא־אַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים זְנַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְֽלֹא־תֵצֵ֥א אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים בְּצִבְאוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
Have you not, O God, Been averse to us? And will you not, O God, Go out with our armies? |
|| Ps 108:12 (Ps 108:11AV). |
| Ps 60:13 Ps 60:11AV |
הָֽבָה־לָּ֣נוּ עֶזְרָ֣ת מִצָּ֑ר וְ֝שָׁ֗וְא תְּשׁוּעַ֥ת אָדָם׃ |
Oh give us help in adversity, For man's salvation is false. |
|| Ps 108:13 (Ps 108:12AV).
in adversity ← from adversity. for: causal use of the vav. |
| Ps 60:14 Ps 60:12AV |
בֵּֽאלֹהִ֥ים נַעֲשֶׂה־חָ֑יִל וְ֝ה֗וּא יָב֥וּס צָרֵֽינוּ׃ |
Let us act valiantly through God, And he will trample on our adversaries. |
|| Ps 108:14 (Ps 108:13AV). |
| Ps 61:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ עַֽל־נְגִינַ֬ת לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster, in singing set to stringed music.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 61:2 Ps 61:1AV |
שִׁמְעָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים רִנָּתִ֑י הַ֝קְשִׁ֗יבָה תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃ |
Hear, O God, my crying out; Hearken to my prayer. |
|
| Ps 61:3 Ps 61:2AV |
מִקְצֵ֤ה הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ אֵלֶ֣יךָ אֶ֭קְרָא בַּעֲטֹ֣ף לִבִּ֑י בְּצוּר־יָר֖וּם מִמֶּ֣נִּי תַנְחֵֽנִי׃ |
From the end of the earth I will call to you, When my heart is faint. Lead me by a rock That is higher than I. |
|
| Ps 61:4 Ps 61:3AV |
כִּֽי־הָיִ֣יתָ מַחְסֶ֣ה לִ֑י מִגְדַּל־עֹ֝֗ז מִפְּנֵ֥י אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
For you have become a refuge to me – A strong tower in the presence of the enemy. |
|
| Ps 61:5 Ps 61:4AV |
אָג֣וּרָה בְ֭אָהָלְךָ עוֹלָמִ֑ים אֶֽחֱסֶ֨ה בְסֵ֖תֶר כְּנָפֶ֣יךָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
I will dwell in your age-abiding tent; I will trust in the secrecy of your wings. Selah. |
age-abiding tent ← tent of ages, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 61:6 Ps 61:5AV |
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ לִנְדָרָ֑י נָתַ֥תָּ יְ֝רֻשַּׁ֗ת יִרְאֵ֥י שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
For you, O God, have heard my vows; You have given me the inheritance Of those who fear your name. |
|
| Ps 61:7 Ps 61:6AV |
יָמִ֣ים עַל־יְמֵי־מֶ֣לֶךְ תּוֹסִ֑יף שְׁ֝נוֹתָ֗יו כְּמוֹ־דֹ֥ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
You will add days to the king's days, And to his years as generation on generation. |
|
| Ps 61:8 Ps 61:7AV |
יֵשֵׁ֣ב ע֭וֹלָם לִפְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים חֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝אֱמֶ֗ת מַ֣ן יִנְצְרֻֽהוּ׃ |
He will remain age-abidingly before God; Appoint kindness and truth to watch over him. |
|
| Ps 61:9 Ps 61:8AV |
כֵּ֤ן אֲזַמְּרָ֣ה שִׁמְךָ֣ לָעַ֑ד לְֽשַׁלְּמִ֥י נְדָרַ֗י י֣וֹם ׀ יֽוֹם׃ |
I will therefore make psalm melody to your name in perpetuity, So as to fulfil my vows daily. |
|
| Ps 62:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־יְדוּת֗וּן מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster on Jeduthun.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
on Jeduthun: perhaps for Jeduthun (the priest), but the preposition (עַל), even if standing for אֶל־, does not really support that. |
| Ps 62:2 Ps 62:1AV |
אַ֣ךְ אֶל־אֱ֭לֹהִים דּֽוּמִיָּ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ יְשׁוּעָתִֽי׃ |
Surely my being enjoys quietness towards God; From him is my salvation. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 62:3 Ps 62:2AV |
אַךְ־ה֣וּא צ֭וּרִי וִֽישׁוּעָתִ֑י מִ֝שְׂגַּבִּ֗י לֹא־אֶמּ֥וֹט רַבָּֽה׃ |
Surely he is my rock and my salvation; My high stronghold Where I will not falter, with great assurance. |
with great assurance ← greatly, but the sense can hardly be I will not falter greatly, as AV's sense, apparently. So AV differs. |
| Ps 62:4 Ps 62:3AV |
עַד־אָ֤נָה ׀ תְּהֽוֹתְת֣וּ עַל אִישׁ֮ תְּרָצְּח֪וּ כֻ֫לְּכֶ֥ם כְּקִ֥יר נָט֑וּי גָּ֝דֵ֗ר הַדְּחוּיָֽה׃ |
How long will you men beleaguer a man? You will all be killed. You are like a leaning wall And like a buckling fence. |
|
| Ps 62:5 Ps 62:4AV |
אַ֤ךְ מִשְּׂאֵת֨וֹ ׀ יָעֲצ֣וּ לְהַדִּיחַ֮ יִרְצ֪וּ כָ֫זָ֥ב בְּפִ֥יו יְבָרֵ֑כוּ וּ֝בְקִרְבָּ֗ם יְקַלְלוּ־סֶֽלָה׃ |
Surely they take counsel As to how to thrust a man out of his exalted position. They take pleasure in falsehood; With the mouth they bless, But inwardly they curse. Selah. |
the mouth ← his mouth.
inwardly ← in their inside. |
| Ps 62:6 Ps 62:5AV |
אַ֣ךְ לֵ֭אלֹהִים דּ֣וֹמִּי נַפְשִׁ֑י כִּי־מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ תִּקְוָתִֽי׃ |
Surely I must be inwardly quiet towards God, For from him is my hope. |
I must be inwardly quiet ← be quiet, my soul! |
| Ps 62:7 Ps 62:6AV |
אַךְ־ה֣וּא צ֭וּרִי וִֽישׁוּעָתִ֑י מִ֝שְׂגַּבִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֶמּֽוֹט׃ |
Surely he is my rock and my salvation – My high stronghold where I will not be shaken. |
|
| Ps 62:8 Ps 62:7AV |
עַל־אֱ֭לֹהִים יִשְׁעִ֣י וּכְבוֹדִ֑י צוּר־עֻזִּ֥י מַ֝חְסִ֗י בֵּֽאלֹהִֽים׃ |
On God rests my salvation and my glory – On the rock of my strength. My refuge is in God. |
|
| Ps 62:9 Ps 62:8AV |
בִּטְח֘וּ ב֤וֹ בְכָל־עֵ֨ת ׀ עָ֗ם שִׁפְכֽוּ־לְפָנָ֥יו לְבַבְכֶ֑ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים מַחֲסֶה־לָּ֣נוּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
Trust in him at all times, O people; Pour out your heart before him. God is a refuge for us. Selah. |
|
| Ps 62:10 Ps 62:9AV |
אַ֤ךְ ׀ הֶ֥בֶל בְּנֵֽי־אָדָם֮ כָּזָ֪ב בְּנֵ֫י אִ֥ישׁ בְּמֹאזְנַ֥יִם לַעֲל֑וֹת הֵ֝֗מָּה מֵהֶ֥בֶל יָֽחַד׃ |
Surely the sons of Adam are vanity – The sons of man are false. In the balance they rise; They are altogether constituted from vanity. |
false ← falsehood. A noun for an adjective.
they rise ← to rise, through being underweight on their side of the balance. AV differs (to be laid). |
| Ps 62:11 Ps 62:10AV |
אַל־תִּבְטְח֣וּ בְעֹשֶׁק֮ וּבְגָזֵ֪ל אַל־תֶּ֫הְבָּ֥לוּ חַ֤יִל ׀ כִּֽי־יָנ֑וּב אַל־תָּשִׁ֥יתוּ לֵֽב׃ |
Do not trust in the proceeds of oppression, And do not act vainly for plunder. If wealth increases, Do not set your heart on it. |
|
| Ps 62:12 Ps 62:11AV |
אַחַ֤ת ׀ דִּבֶּ֬ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים שְׁתַּֽיִם־ז֥וּ שָׁמָ֑עְתִּי כִּ֥י עֹ֝֗ז לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ |
Once God spoke; This second time I heard it, That strength belongs to God. |
|
| Ps 62:13 Ps 62:12AV |
וּלְךָֽ־אֲדֹנָ֥י חָ֑סֶד כִּֽי־אַתָּ֨ה תְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לְאִ֣ישׁ כְּֽמַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ |
And kindness belongs to you, O Lord*, For you will repay man according to his works. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
Rom 2:6, Rev 2:23, Rev 18:6, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:13, Rev 22:12. |
| Ps 63:1 | מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד בִּ֝הְיוֹת֗וֹ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר יְהוּדָֽה׃ | A Psalm of David when he was in the Judaean Desert. | |
| Ps 63:2 Ps 63:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֵלִ֥י אַתָּ֗ה אֲֽשַׁחֲ֫רֶ֥ךָּ צָמְאָ֬ה לְךָ֨ ׀ נַפְשִׁ֗י כָּמַ֣הּ לְךָ֣ בְשָׂרִ֑י בְּאֶֽרֶץ־צִיָּ֖ה וְעָיֵ֣ף בְּלִי־מָֽיִם׃ |
O God, you are my God; I will seek you diligently. My being thirsts for you; My flesh longs for you, In an arid and weary land without water. |
seek you diligently ← dawn-seek you.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 63:3 Ps 63:2AV |
כֵּ֭ן בַּקֹּ֣דֶשׁ חֲזִיתִ֑יךָ לִרְא֥וֹת עֻ֝זְּךָ֗ וּכְבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
In that way I have beheld you in the sanctuary, Having seen your strength and your glory. |
having seen ← for to see. |
| Ps 63:4 Ps 63:3AV |
כִּי־ט֣וֹב חַ֭סְדְּךָ מֵֽחַיִּ֗ים שְׂפָתַ֥י יְשַׁבְּחֽוּנְךָ׃ |
Since your kindness is better than life, My lips will commend you. |
commend: or praise, but not the usual word (neither of the words translated praise and laud in Isa 38:18). |
| Ps 63:5 Ps 63:4AV |
כֵּ֣ן אֲבָרֶכְךָ֣ בְחַיָּ֑י בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ אֶשָּׂ֥א כַפָּֽי׃ |
Thus will I bless you in my life; At your name I will lift up my hands. |
|
| Ps 63:6 Ps 63:5AV |
כְּמ֤וֹ חֵ֣לֶב וָ֭דֶשֶׁן תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע נַפְשִׁ֑י וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י רְ֝נָנ֗וֹת יְהַלֶּל־פִּֽי׃ |
My being will be satiated as if with fat and oil, And my mouth will give praise with rejoicing lips. |
being ← soul.
rejoicing lips ← lips of rejoicings, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 63:7 Ps 63:6AV |
אִם־זְכַרְתִּ֥יךָ עַל־יְצוּעָ֑י בְּ֝אַשְׁמֻר֗וֹת אֶהְגֶּה־בָּֽךְ׃ |
When I remember you on my bed, In the night-watches, I meditate on you. |
|
| Ps 63:8 Ps 63:7AV |
כִּֽי־הָיִ֣יתָ עֶזְרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י וּבְצֵ֖ל כְּנָפֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃ |
For you have become my help, And I will be jubilant in the shadow of your wings. |
|
| Ps 63:9 Ps 63:8AV |
דָּבְקָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֣י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ בִּ֝֗י תָּמְכָ֥ה יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
My being will cling behind you; Your right hand will uphold me. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 63:10 Ps 63:9AV |
וְהֵ֗מָּה לְ֭שׁוֹאָה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ נַפְשִׁ֑י יָ֝בֹ֗אוּ בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
But those who seek my life for its destruction Will go to the lower regions of the earth. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 63:11 Ps 63:10AV |
יַגִּירֻ֥הוּ עַל־יְדֵי־חָ֑רֶב מְנָ֖ת שֻׁעָלִ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ |
He will be poured out By means of the sword. They will be the portion for foxes. |
he will be poured out ← they will pour him out, i.e. pour his blood out. Avoidance of the passive.
means ← hands. |
| Ps 63:12 Ps 63:11AV |
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ֮ יִשְׂמַ֪ח בֵּאלֹ֫הִ֥ים יִ֭תְהַלֵּל כָּל־הַנִּשְׁבָּ֣ע בּ֑וֹ כִּ֥י יִ֝סָּכֵ֗ר פִּ֣י דֽוֹבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
But the king will rejoice in God. Everyone who swears by him will glory, But the mouth of those who speak falsehood Will have been stopped. |
|
| Ps 64:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 64:2 Ps 64:1AV |
שְׁמַע־אֱלֹהִ֣ים קוֹלִ֣י בְשִׂיחִ֑י מִפַּ֥חַד א֝וֹיֵ֗ב תִּצֹּ֥ר חַיָּֽי׃ |
Hear, O God, my voice in my oration. Guard my life at a time of fear of the enemy. |
at a time of ← from. |
| Ps 64:3 Ps 64:2AV |
תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי מִסּ֣וֹד מְרֵעִ֑ים מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
Hide me from the plotting of wrongdoers – From the rage of perpetrators of iniquity, |
rage: or throng. |
| Ps 64:4 Ps 64:3AV |
אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר׃ |
Who have sharpened their tongue like a sword, And who have drawn their arrow – A bitter word – |
drawn their arrow: i.e. attached the arrow to the bowstring and drawn the bow. |
| Ps 64:5 Ps 64:4AV |
לִיר֣וֹת בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֣ים תָּ֑ם פִּתְאֹ֥ם יֹ֝רֻ֗הוּ וְלֹ֣א יִירָֽאוּ׃ |
To shoot at a man of integrity in secret. They shoot at him suddenly And do not fear anything. |
|
| Ps 64:6 Ps 64:5AV |
יְחַזְּקוּ־לָ֨מוֹ ׀ דָּ֘בָ֤ר רָ֗ע יְֽ֭סַפְּרוּ לִטְמ֣וֹן מוֹקְשִׁ֑ים אָ֝מְר֗וּ מִ֣י יִרְאֶה־לָּֽמוֹ׃ |
They strengthen their resolve in an evil matter, They speak about hiding snares; They say, “Who will see them?” |
|
| Ps 64:7 Ps 64:6AV |
יַֽחְפְּֽשׂוּ־עוֹלֹ֗ת תַּ֭מְנוּ חֵ֣פֶשׂ מְחֻפָּ֑שׂ וְקֶ֥רֶב אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֵ֣ב עָמֹֽק׃ |
They look for ways to commit injustices; They say, “We have completed a thorough search.” And that is the inward thought of a man and his deep heart. |
man: AV differs (each), also possible. |
| Ps 64:8 Ps 64:7AV |
וַיֹּרֵ֗ם אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים חֵ֥ץ פִּתְא֑וֹם הָ֝י֗וּ מַכּוֹתָֽם׃ |
But God will suddenly shoot an arrow at them; They will be in a plight of their own. |
a plight of their own ← their strikes, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 64:9 Ps 64:8AV |
וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ עָלֵ֣ימוֹ לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּ כָּל־רֹ֥אֵה בָֽם׃ |
They will be the cause of the matter collapsing; Their tongue will be against them, And everyone who sees them will flee. |
the matter ← it / him. |
| Ps 64:10 Ps 64:9AV |
וַיִּֽירְא֗וּ כָּל־אָ֫דָ֥ם וַ֭יַּגִּידוּ פֹּ֥עַל אֱלֹהִ֗ים וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥הוּ הִשְׂכִּֽילוּ׃ |
And every man will be in fear, And they will relate the work of God, And they will learn prudence from his action. |
|
| Ps 64:11 Ps 64:10AV |
יִשְׂמַ֬ח צַדִּ֣יק בַּ֭יהוָה וְחָ֣סָה ב֑וֹ וְ֝יִתְהַֽלְל֗וּ כָּל־יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
The righteous will rejoice in the Lord And trust in him, And all who are upright in heart will glory. |
|
| Ps 65:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָוִ֥ד שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 65:2 Ps 65:1AV |
לְךָ֤ דֻֽמִיָּ֬ה תְהִלָּ֓ה אֱלֹ֘הִ֥ים בְּצִיּ֑וֹן וּ֝לְךָ֗ יְשֻׁלַּם־נֶֽדֶר׃ |
To you belong quietness and praise, O God, in Zion, And a vow will be fulfilled to you. |
|
| Ps 65:3 Ps 65:2AV |
שֹׁמֵ֥עַ תְּפִלָּ֑ה עָ֝דֶ֗יךָ כָּל־בָּשָׂ֥ר יָבֹֽאוּ׃ |
You who hear prayer, All flesh will come to you. |
|
| Ps 65:4 Ps 65:3AV |
דִּבְרֵ֣י עֲ֭וֺנֹת גָּ֣בְרוּ מֶ֑נִּי פְּ֝שָׁעֵ֗ינוּ אַתָּ֥ה תְכַפְּרֵֽם׃ |
Iniquitous words have increased against me. As for our transgressions, You will expiate them. |
iniquitous words ← words of iniquities, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 65:5 Ps 65:4AV |
אַשְׁרֵ֤י ׀ תִּֽבְחַ֣ר וּתְקָרֵב֮ יִשְׁכֹּ֪ן חֲצֵ֫רֶ֥יךָ נִ֭שְׂבְּעָה בְּט֣וּב בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ קְ֝דֹ֗שׁ הֵיכָלֶֽךָ׃ |
Happy is he whom you choose and bring near; He will dwell in your courts. We will be satisfied by the goodness of your house – Your holy temple. |
your holy temple ← holy (or, re-pointed, holiness) of your temple. As re-pointed to קֺדֶשׁ, a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 65:6 Ps 65:5AV |
נ֤וֹרָא֨וֹת ׀ בְּצֶ֣דֶק תַּ֭עֲנֵנוּ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֑נוּ מִבְטָ֥ח כָּל־קַצְוֵי־אֶ֝֗רֶץ וְיָ֣ם רְחֹקִֽים׃ |
You answer us with awe-inspiring things in righteousness, O God of our salvation, Who are the confidence of all the distant ends of the earth and the sea, |
|
| Ps 65:7 Ps 65:6AV |
מֵכִ֣ין הָרִ֣ים בְּכֹח֑וֹ נֶ֝אְזָ֗ר בִּגְבוּרָֽה׃ |
Who prepares the mountains by his power, Being girded with might, |
prepares ... by his power: a change of grammatical person (to third person), not uncommon in Hebrew. |
| Ps 65:8 Ps 65:7AV |
מַשְׁבִּ֤יחַ ׀ שְׁא֣וֹן יַ֭מִּים שְׁא֥וֹן גַּלֵּיהֶ֗ם וַהֲמ֥וֹן לְאֻמִּֽים׃ |
Who calms the raging of the seas – The raging of their waves – And the agitation of the various peoples. |
|
| Ps 65:9 Ps 65:8AV |
וַיִּ֤ירְא֨וּ ׀ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י קְ֭צָוֺת מֵאוֹתֹתֶ֑יךָ מ֤וֹצָֽאֵי־בֹ֖קֶר וָעֶ֣רֶב תַּרְנִֽין׃ |
And the inhabitants of the most distant regions Will be in fear at your signs, And you will give cause for rejoicing To the break of the morning And to the onset of the evening. |
break ← outgoing, as if the sun is departing from its place below the horizon. |
| Ps 65:10 Ps 65:9AV |
פָּקַ֥דְתָּ הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ וַתְּשֹׁ֪קְקֶ֡הָ רַבַּ֬ת תַּעְשְׁרֶ֗נָּה פֶּ֣לֶג אֱ֭לֹהִים מָ֣לֵא מָ֑יִם תָּכִ֥ין דְּ֝גָנָ֗ם כִּי־כֵ֥ן תְּכִינֶֽהָ׃ |
You have visited the earth and made it overflow; You have greatly enriched it with a brook of God full of water. You prepare their corn, For so you have prepared it. |
prepared it: i.e. prepared the earth. |
| Ps 65:11 Ps 65:10AV |
תְּלָמֶ֣יהָ רַ֭וֵּה נַחֵ֣ת גְּדוּדֶ֑יהָ בִּרְבִיבִ֥ים תְּ֝מֹגְגֶ֗נָּה צִמְחָ֥הּ תְּבָרֵֽךְ׃ |
Satiate its furrows, Level its ridges, Soften it with showers; Bless its shoots. |
soften ... bless ← you will soften ... you will bless. Future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28. |
| Ps 65:12 Ps 65:11AV |
עִ֭טַּרְתָּ שְׁנַ֣ת טוֹבָתֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מַעְגָּלֶ֗יךָ יִרְעֲפ֥וּן דָּֽשֶׁן׃ |
You have crowned the year of your goodness, And your paths distil fatness. |
|
| Ps 65:13 Ps 65:12AV |
יִ֭רְעֲפוּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וְ֝גִ֗יל גְּבָע֥וֹת תַּחְגֹּֽרְנָה׃ |
They distil to desert pastures, And hills gird themselves with joy. |
gird themselves with joy: AV differs somewhat (rejoice on every side). |
| Ps 65:14 Ps 65:13AV |
לָבְשׁ֬וּ כָרִ֨ים ׀ הַצֹּ֗אן וַעֲמָקִ֥ים יַֽעַטְפוּ־בָ֑ר יִ֝תְרוֹעֲע֗וּ אַף־יָשִֽׁירוּ׃ |
The pastures are clothed with flocks, And the valleys are covered with corn. They shout for joy; They sing too. |
|
| Ps 66:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ שִׁ֣יר מִזְמ֑וֹר הָרִ֥יעוּ לֵ֝אלֹהִים כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Song. A Psalm. Shout joyfully to God, All the earth. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 66:2 | זַמְּר֥וּ כְבֽוֹד־שְׁמ֑וֹ שִׂ֥ימוּ כָ֝ב֗וֹד תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Make psalm melody of the glory of his name; Bestow glory on his praiseworthiness. |
praiseworthiness ← praise / object of praise / song of praise. |
| Ps 66:3 | אִמְר֣וּ לֵ֭אלֹהִים מַה־נּוֹרָ֣א מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ בְּרֹ֥ב עֻ֝זְּךָ֗ יְֽכַחֲשׁ֖וּ לְךָ֣ אֹיְבֶֽיךָ׃ |
Say to God, “How awesome are your works!” At the greatness of your strength, Your enemies will feign obedience to you. |
feign obedience: compare 2 Sam 22:45 (where hithpael), Ps 18:45 (Ps 18:44AV). AV differs somewhat (submit themselves). |
| Ps 66:4 | כָּל־הָאָ֤רֶץ ׀ יִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לְ֭ךָ וִֽיזַמְּרוּ־לָ֑ךְ יְזַמְּר֖וּ שִׁמְךָ֣ סֶֽלָה׃ |
All the earth will worship you And will make psalm melody to you; They will make psalm melody to your name. Selah. |
|
| Ps 66:5 | לְכ֣וּ וּ֭רְאוּ מִפְעֲל֣וֹת אֱלֹהִ֑ים נוֹרָ֥א עֲ֝לִילָ֗ה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Come and see the works of God. He is awesome in deed to the sons of Adam. |
in deed ← of deed. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ps 66:6 | הָ֤פַךְ יָ֨ם ׀ לְֽיַבָּשָׁ֗ה בַּ֭נָּהָר יַֽעַבְר֣וּ בְרָ֑גֶל שָׁ֝֗ם נִשְׂמְחָה־בּֽוֹ׃ |
He turned the sea into dry land; They crossed the river over on foot. We rejoiced in him there. |
the river: i.e. the River Jordan. |
| Ps 66:7 | מֹ֘שֵׁ֤ל בִּגְבוּרָת֨וֹ ׀ עוֹלָ֗ם עֵ֭ינָיו בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם תִּצְפֶּ֑ינָה הַסּוֹרְרִ֓ים ׀ אַל־*ירימו **יָר֖וּמוּ לָ֣מוֹ סֶֽלָה׃ |
He rules by his might age-abidingly; His eyes are watching the Gentiles. Do not let the rebellious {K: vaunt themselves} [Q: be vaunted for themselves]. Selah. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. |
| Ps 66:8 | בָּרְכ֖וּ עַמִּ֥ים ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְ֝הַשְׁמִ֗יעוּ ק֣וֹל תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
O you various peoples, Bless our God, And cause the sound of his praise to be heard. |
|
| Ps 66:9 | הַשָּׂ֣ם נַ֭פְשֵׁנוּ בַּֽחַיִּ֑ים וְלֹֽא־נָתַ֖ן לַמּ֣וֹט רַגְלֵֽנוּ׃ |
He is the one who appoints our being to life And does not consign our feet to faltering. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 66:10 | כִּֽי־בְחַנְתָּ֥נוּ אֱלֹהִ֑ים צְ֝רַפְתָּ֗נוּ כִּצְרָף־כָּֽסֶף׃ |
For you have examined us, O God; You have refined us, Like the refining of silver. |
refined ... refining: or assayed ... assaying. |
| Ps 66:11 | הֲבֵאתָ֥נוּ בַמְּצוּדָ֑ה שַׂ֖מְתָּ מוּעָקָ֣ה בְמָתְנֵֽינוּ׃ |
You have brought us into a net; You have placed an oppressive burden on our loins. |
|
| Ps 66:12 | הִרְכַּ֥בְתָּ אֱנ֗וֹשׁ לְרֹ֫אשֵׁ֥נוּ בָּֽאנוּ־בָאֵ֥שׁ וּבַמַּ֑יִם וַ֝תּוֹצִיאֵ֗נוּ לָֽרְוָיָֽה׃ |
You caused men to ride over our heads. We have gone through fire and through water, But you have brought us out Into a place of abundance. |
men ← man, mankind.
abundance: with connotations of drink and fatness. |
| Ps 66:13 | אָב֣וֹא בֵיתְךָ֣ בְעוֹל֑וֹת אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם לְךָ֣ נְדָרָֽי׃ |
I will go to your house with burnt offerings; I will fulfil my vows to you, |
|
| Ps 66:14 | אֲשֶׁר־פָּצ֥וּ שְׂפָתָ֑י וְדִבֶּר־פִּ֝֗י בַּצַּר־לִֽי׃ |
Which my lips uttered, And my mouth spoke, When I was in a strait. |
which my lips uttered: or, more literally, when my lips parted. |
| Ps 66:15 | עֹ֘ל֤וֹת מֵחִ֣ים אַעֲלֶה־לָּ֭ךְ עִם־קְטֹ֣רֶת אֵילִ֑ים אֶ֥עֱשֶֽׂה בָקָ֖ר עִם־עַתּוּדִ֣ים סֶֽלָה׃ |
I will offer fat burnt offerings to you – Rams with incense; I will offer bulls with he-goats. Selah. |
fat burnt offerings ← burnt offerings of fat.
offer (second occurrence in verse) ← do, perform. |
| Ps 66:16 | לְכֽוּ־שִׁמְע֣וּ וַ֭אֲסַפְּרָה כָּל־יִרְאֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשָׂ֣ה לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Come, all you who fear God and hear, And I will relate What he has done for my being. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 66:17 | אֵלָ֥יו פִּֽי־קָרָ֑אתִי וְ֝רוֹמַ֗ם תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנִֽי׃ |
I cried out to him with my mouth, And he was extolled under my tongue. |
|
| Ps 66:18 | אָ֭וֶן אִם־רָאִ֣יתִי בְלִבִּ֑י לֹ֖א יִשְׁמַ֣ע ׀ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ |
If I have an eye to iniquity in my heart, The Lord* will not hear me. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 66:19 | אָ֭כֵן שָׁמַ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִ֝קְשִׁ֗יב בְּק֣וֹל תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃ |
Truly, God has heard me; He has hearkened to the sound of my prayer. |
|
| Ps 66:20 | בָּר֥וּךְ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הֵסִ֘יר תְּפִלָּתִ֥י וְ֝חַסְדּ֗וֹ מֵאִתִּֽי׃ |
Blessed be God, Who has not set my prayer aside Or withdrawn his kindness from me. |
|
| Ps 67:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥ח בִּנְגִינֹ֗ת מִזְמ֥וֹר שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster, in singing set to stringed music.↑
A Psalm. A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 67:2 Ps 67:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְחָנֵּ֥נוּ וִֽיבָרְכֵ֑נוּ יָ֤אֵ֥ר פָּנָ֖יו אִתָּ֣נוּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
May God be merciful to us And bless us. May he let his face shine on us – Selah – |
may he let his face shine on us: i.e. may he be propitious to us. |
| Ps 67:3 Ps 67:2AV |
לָדַ֣עַת בָּאָ֣רֶץ דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ בְּכָל־גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם יְשׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
For knowledge of your ways on the earth, And of your salvation amongst all nations. |
|
| Ps 67:4 Ps 67:3AV |
יוֹד֖וּךָ עַמִּ֥ים ׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים י֝וֹד֗וּךָ עַמִּ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
May the various peoples praise you, O God, May the various peoples praise you – All of them. |
|
| Ps 67:5 Ps 67:4AV |
יִֽשְׂמְח֥וּ וִֽירַנְּנ֗וּ לְאֻ֫מִּ֥ים כִּֽי־תִשְׁפֹּ֣ט עַמִּ֣ים מִישׁ֑וֹר וּלְאֻמִּ֓ים ׀ בָּאָ֖רֶץ תַּנְחֵ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
Nations will rejoice and shout for joy, For you will judge the various peoples equitably, And you will guide nations on the earth. Selah. |
will guide: re-pointed as תְּנַחֵם, it reads will comfort, avoiding a pleonastic pronominal suffix (לְאֻמִּים -חֵם).
equitably ← equity. A noun for an adverb. |
| Ps 67:6 Ps 67:5AV |
יוֹד֖וּךָ עַמִּ֥ים ׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים י֝וֹד֗וּךָ עַמִּ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
May the various peoples praise you, O God, May the various peoples praise you – All of them. |
|
| Ps 67:7 Ps 67:6AV |
אֶ֭רֶץ נָתְנָ֣ה יְבוּלָ֑הּ יְ֝בָרְכֵ֗נוּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
The earth yields its produce; God, our God, will bless us. |
|
| Ps 67:8 Ps 67:7AV |
יְבָרְכֵ֥נוּ אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְיִֽירְא֥וּ אֹ֝ת֗וֹ כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
God will bless us, And all the ends of the earth will fear him. |
|
| Ps 68:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ לְדָוִ֗ד מִזְמ֥וֹר שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 68:2 Ps 68:1AV |
יָק֣וּם אֱ֭לֹהִים יָפ֣וּצוּ אוֹיְבָ֑יו וְיָנ֥וּסוּ מְ֝שַׂנְאָ֗יו מִפָּנָֽיו׃ |
God will arise, And his enemies will be scattered. Those who hate him will flee from his presence. |
God will arise (etc.): compare Num 10:35. |
| Ps 68:3 Ps 68:2AV |
כְּהִנְדֹּ֥ף עָשָׁ֗ן תִּ֫נְדֹּ֥ף כְּהִמֵּ֣ס דּ֭וֹנַג מִפְּנֵי־אֵ֑שׁ יֹאבְד֥וּ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים מִפְּנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
As smoke is driven away, You will drive them away. As wax melts in the presence of fire, The wicked will perish in the presence of God, |
|
| Ps 68:4 Ps 68:3AV |
וְֽצַדִּיקִ֗ים יִשְׂמְח֣וּ יַֽ֭עַלְצוּ לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִ֗ים וְיָשִׂ֥ישׂוּ בְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ |
But the righteous will rejoice and exult before God, And they will be glad with joy. |
|
| Ps 68:5 Ps 68:4AV |
שִׁ֤ירוּ ׀ לֵֽאלֹהִים֮ זַמְּר֪וּ שְׁ֫מ֥וֹ סֹ֡לּוּ לָרֹכֵ֣ב בָּ֭עֲרָבוֹת בְּיָ֥הּ שְׁמ֗וֹ וְעִלְז֥וּ לְפָנָֽיו׃ |
Sing to God; Make psalm melody to his name. Raise up a highway For him who rides through the arid tracts In his name, the Lord, And exult before him. |
raise up a highway: as in Isa 57:4, Isa 62:10. AV differs (extol him).
arid tracts: AV differs (heavens). the Lord: Hebrew Jah. See the Introduction for the use of typography to distinguish the divine names and titles. |
| Ps 68:6 Ps 68:5AV |
אֲבִ֣י יְ֭תוֹמִים וְדַיַּ֣ן אַלְמָנ֑וֹת אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים בִּמְע֥וֹן קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
A father to orphans, One who provides justice to widows: That is God in his holy dwelling. |
to orphans ← of orphans. Wider use of the construct state.
his holy dwelling ← the dwelling of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 68:7 Ps 68:6AV |
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ מ֘וֹשִׁ֤יב יְחִידִ֨ים ׀ בַּ֗יְתָה מוֹצִ֣יא אֲ֭סִירִים בַּכּוֹשָׁר֑וֹת אַ֥ךְ ס֝וֹרֲרִ֗ים שָׁכְנ֥וּ צְחִיחָֽה׃ |
God accommodates in a household those who are alone; He brings prisoners out into prosperity, But the rebellious will dwell in a parched place. |
into prosperity: AV differs (those which are bound in chains). |
| Ps 68:8 Ps 68:7AV |
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים בְּ֭צֵאתְךָ לִפְנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֑ךָ בְּצַעְדְּךָ֖ בִֽישִׁימ֣וֹן סֶֽלָה׃ |
O God, when you went out before your people, When you marched through desolate land – Selah – |
|
| Ps 68:9 Ps 68:8AV |
אֶ֤רֶץ רָעָ֨שָׁה ׀ אַף־שָׁמַ֣יִם נָטְפוּ֮ מִפְּנֵ֪י אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים זֶ֥ה סִינַ֑י מִפְּנֵ֥י אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
The earth trembled And the sky condensed precipitation At the presence of God – There at Sinai at the presence of God, The God of Israel. |
|
| Ps 68:10 Ps 68:9AV |
גֶּ֣שֶׁם נְ֭דָבוֹת תָּנִ֣יף אֱלֹהִ֑ים נַחֲלָתְךָ֥ וְ֝נִלְאָ֗ה אַתָּ֥ה כֽוֹנַנְתָּֽהּ׃ |
O God, you sprinkled liberal showers; When your inheritance was weary, You invigorated it. |
invigorated ← attended to, established. |
| Ps 68:11 Ps 68:10AV |
חַיָּתְךָ֥ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָ֑הּ תָּ֤כִ֥ין בְּטוֹבָתְךָ֖ לֶעָנִ֣י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
Your flock dwelt in it; You made provision through your goodness For the afflicted, O God. |
flock ← animals. AV differs, taking the figurative sense (congregation); compare Ps 74:19 (wild animals ... population). |
| Ps 68:12 Ps 68:11AV |
אֲדֹנָ֥י יִתֶּן־אֹ֑מֶר הַֽ֝מְבַשְּׂר֗וֹת צָבָ֥א רָֽב׃ |
The Lord* gave the word; Those who brought good tidings Were a great host. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 68:13 Ps 68:12AV |
מַלְכֵ֣י צְ֭בָאוֹת יִדֹּד֣וּן יִדֹּד֑וּן וּנְוַת בַּ֝֗יִת תְּחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁלָֽל׃ |
The kings of armies flee at every turn, While the household at home shares out the spoil. |
flee at every turn ← flee, flee.
the household: AV differs somewhat (she that tarried). |
| Ps 68:14 Ps 68:13AV |
אִֽם־תִּשְׁכְּבוּן֮ בֵּ֪ין שְׁפַ֫תָּ֥יִם כַּנְפֵ֣י י֭וֹנָה נֶחְפָּ֣ה בַכֶּ֑סֶף וְ֝אֶבְרוֹתֶ֗יהָ בִּֽירַקְרַ֥ק חָרֽוּץ׃ |
Even if you lie between the sheepfolds, You will be like the wings of a dove overlaid with silver, With its flight feathers overlaid with yellow gold. |
sheepfolds: AV differs (pots); [CB]= brick kilns.
overlaid: taken strictly, it agrees with dove, not wings. But perhaps attracted in grammatical number, or an Aramaism. See [Ges-HG] §44m. yellow: the root meaning is green, and in derivatives pallid, but [AnLx] also gives gold colour. |
| Ps 68:15 Ps 68:14AV |
בְּפָ֘רֵ֤שׂ שַׁדַּ֓י מְלָ֘כִ֤ים בָּ֗הּ תַּשְׁלֵ֥ג בְּצַלְמֽוֹן׃ |
When the Almighty scatters kings in it, It will be snow-white as in Salmon. |
in it: i.e., [CB], in his inheritance; see Ps 68:10 (Ps 68:9AV). |
| Ps 68:16 Ps 68:15AV |
הַר־אֱ֭לֹהִים הַר־בָּשָׁ֑ן הַ֥ר גַּ֝בְנֻנִּ֗ים הַר־בָּשָֽׁן׃ |
O mountain of God, O mountain of Bashan, O mountain range of many peaks, O mountain of Bashan, |
|
| Ps 68:17 Ps 68:16AV |
לָ֤מָּה ׀ תְּֽרַצְּדוּן֮ הָרִ֪ים גַּבְנֻ֫נִּ֥ים הָהָ֗ר חָמַ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֣ים לְשִׁבְתּ֑וֹ אַף־יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִשְׁכֹּ֥ן לָנֶֽצַח׃ |
Why do you look on with envy, You mountain peaks, At the mountain which God desires, For him to live in? Indeed the Lord will dwell there in perpetuity. |
look on with envy: AV differs (leap). |
| Ps 68:18 Ps 68:17AV |
רֶ֤כֶב אֱלֹהִ֗ים רִבֹּתַ֣יִם אַלְפֵ֣י שִׁנְאָ֑ן אֲדֹנָ֥י בָ֝֗ם סִינַ֥י בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ |
The chariots of God are twenty thousand – Thousands upon thousands. The Lord* is among them, As at Sinai, in the sanctuary. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
thousands upon thousands ← thousands of repetition. AV differs (thousands of angels). |
| Ps 68:19 Ps 68:18AV |
עָ֘לִ֤יתָ לַמָּר֨וֹם ׀ שָׁ֘בִ֤יתָ שֶּׁ֗בִי לָקַ֣חְתָּ מַ֭תָּנוֹת בָּאָדָ֑ם וְאַ֥ף ס֝וֹרְרִ֗ים לִשְׁכֹּ֤ן ׀ יָ֬הּ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
You have ascended high up, You have taken captivity captive; You have accepted gifts among men – Indeed the rebellious – So that the Lord God may take up a dwelling. |
Eph 4:8. See also Judg 5:12. |
| Ps 68:20 Ps 68:19AV |
בָּ֤ר֣וּךְ אֲדֹנָי֮ י֤וֹם ׀ י֥וֹם יַֽעֲמָס־לָ֗נוּ הָ֘אֵ֤ל יְֽשׁוּעָתֵ֬נוּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
Blessed is the Lord*; Daily God bears our salvation for us. Selah. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
God bears our salvation: AV differs (loadeth ... even the God of our salvation), assuming a highly irregular construct state הָאֵל. Compare the Hebrew of the next verse. |
| Ps 68:21 Ps 68:20AV |
הָ֤אֵ֣ל ׀ לָנוּ֮ אֵ֤ל לְֽמוֹשָׁ֫ע֥וֹת וְלֵיהוִ֥ה אֲדֹנָ֑י לַ֝מָּ֗וֶת תּוֹצָאֽוֹת׃ |
Our God is a God of acts of salvation, And the Lord my Lord has the escape routes from death. |
escape routes ← ways out. |
| Ps 68:22 Ps 68:21AV |
אַךְ־אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִמְחַץ֮ רֹ֤אשׁ אֹ֫יְבָ֥יו קָדְקֹ֥ד שֵׂעָ֑ר מִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בַּאֲשָׁמָֽיו׃ |
Surely God will dash the head of his enemies in pieces – The hairy crown of him who walks in his guilty ways. |
crown: i.e. top of the head; not a diadem. |
| Ps 68:23 Ps 68:22AV |
אָמַ֣ר אֲ֭דֹנָי מִבָּשָׁ֣ן אָשִׁ֑יב אָ֝שִׁ֗יב מִֽמְּצֻל֥וֹת יָֽם׃ |
The Lord* said, “I will retrieve them from Bashan; I will retrieve them from the depths of the sea |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 68:24 Ps 68:23AV |
לְמַ֤עַן ׀ תִּֽמְחַ֥ץ רַגְלְךָ֗ בְּ֫דָ֥ם לְשׁ֥וֹן כְּלָבֶ֑יךָ מֵאֹיְבִ֥ים מִנֵּֽהוּ׃ |
So that you may plunge your foot in blood, And your dogs' tongues may lick it up From the enemies as their portion.” |
AV differs in some respects.
tongues ... their ← tongue ... its, the Hebrew indicating one tongue per dog. |
| Ps 68:25 Ps 68:24AV |
רָא֣וּ הֲלִיכוֹתֶ֣יךָ אֱלֹהִ֑ים הֲלִ֘יכ֤וֹת אֵלִ֖י מַלְכִּ֣י בַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ |
They have seen your ways, O God, The ways of my God – My king in the sanctuary. |
ways (2x) ← goings. |
| Ps 68:26 Ps 68:25AV |
קִדְּמ֣וּ שָׁ֭רִים אַחַ֣ר נֹגְנִ֑ים בְּת֥וֹךְ עֲ֝לָמ֗וֹת תּוֹפֵפֽוֹת׃ |
The singers went first, Then afterwards, the stringed instrument players, In the midst of maidens playing drums. |
|
| Ps 68:27 Ps 68:26AV |
בְּֽ֭מַקְהֵלוֹת בָּרְכ֣וּ אֱלֹהִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה מִמְּק֥וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
In your convocations, bless God – The Lord – You who are from the source of Israel. |
[CB] lists this verse as one containing Lord*, a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32, but [WLC] reads יהוה. However, many manuscripts [BHS-CA] read אֲדֺנָי, as do [TBS-Tanakh], [SDHS-Tanakh], [Koren]. |
| Ps 68:28 Ps 68:27AV |
שָׁ֤ם בִּנְיָמִ֨ן ׀ צָעִ֡יר רֹדֵ֗ם שָׂרֵ֣י יְ֭הוּדָה רִגְמָתָ֑ם שָׂרֵ֥י זְ֝בֻל֗וּן שָׂרֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ |
There is Benjamin, Who is small, ruling them, And the princes of Judah with their entourage, And the princes of Zebulun And the princes of Naphtali. |
ruling them: AV differs (with their ruler). |
| Ps 68:29 Ps 68:28AV |
צִוָּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ עֻ֫זֶּ֥ךָ עוּזָּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים ז֝֗וּ פָּעַ֥לְתָּ לָּֽנוּ׃ |
Your God has commanded your strength. Show strength, O God, In what you will do for us. |
|
| Ps 68:30 Ps 68:29AV |
מֵֽ֭הֵיכָלֶךָ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְךָ֤ יוֹבִ֖ילוּ מְלָכִ֣ים שָֽׁי׃ |
On account of your temple in Jerusalem, Kings will bring you a gift. |
|
| Ps 68:31 Ps 68:30AV |
גְּעַ֨ר חַיַּ֪ת קָנֶ֡ה עֲדַ֤ת אַבִּירִ֨ים ׀ בְּעֶגְלֵ֬י עַמִּ֗ים מִתְרַפֵּ֥ס בְּרַצֵּי־כָ֑סֶף בִּזַּ֥ר עַ֝מִּ֗ים קְרָב֥וֹת יֶחְפָּֽצוּ׃ |
Rebuke the beasts of the reed marshland, And the company of strong bulls against the calves of the people. Let each submit himself with silver coins. He will scatter the various peoples Who take pleasure in battles. |
he will scatter: this could be re-pointed as an imperative (בַּזֵּר), scatter.
beasts of the reed marshland: AV differs (company of spearmen). We take it as an animal (crocodile, rhino) metaphor for adversaries. |
| Ps 68:32 Ps 68:31AV |
יֶאֱתָ֣יוּ חַ֭שְׁמַנִּים מִנִּ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם כּ֥וּשׁ תָּרִ֥יץ יָ֝דָ֗יו לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ |
Nobles will come from Egypt; Ethiopia will hasten to stretch out its hands to God. |
|
| Ps 68:33 Ps 68:32AV |
מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָ֭אָרֶץ שִׁ֣ירוּ לֵאלֹהִ֑ים זַמְּר֖וּ אֲדֹנָ֣י סֶֽלָה׃ |
Sing to God, you kingdoms of the earth; Make psalm melody to the Lord*. Selah. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 68:34 Ps 68:33AV |
לָ֭רֹכֵב בִּשְׁמֵ֣י שְׁמֵי־קֶ֑דֶם הֵ֥ן יִתֵּ֥ן בְּ֝קוֹלוֹ ק֣וֹל עֹֽז׃ |
Sing to him who has been riding on the heavens of heavens Since ancient time. Behold, he sounds his voice – A mighty voice. |
mighty voice ← voice of might, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 68:35 Ps 68:34AV |
תְּנ֥וּ עֹ֗ז לֵֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים עַֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל גַּאֲוָת֑וֹ וְ֝עֻזּ֗וֹ בַּשְּׁחָקִֽים׃ |
Ascribe strength to God; His majesty is over Israel, And his might is in the skies. |
strength ... might ← might ... might. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 68:36 Ps 68:35AV |
נ֤וֹרָ֥א אֱלֹהִ֗ים מִֽמִּקְדָּ֫שֶׁ֥יךָ אֵ֤ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וּא נֹתֵ֨ן ׀ עֹ֖ז וְתַעֲצֻמ֥וֹת לָעָ֗ם בָּר֥וּךְ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
O God, you are awesome, Proceeding from your sanctuaries. It is the God of Israel Who gives strength and power to the people. Blessed be God. |
|
| Ps 69:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ עַֽל־שׁוֹשַׁנִּ֬ים לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster on Shoshannim.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Shoshannim: see Ps 45:1. |
| Ps 69:2 Ps 69:1AV |
הוֹשִׁיעֵ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֤י בָ֖אוּ מַ֣יִם עַד־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Save me, O God, For waters have come to the point of threatening my life. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 69:3 Ps 69:2AV |
טָבַ֤עְתִּי ׀ בִּיוֵ֣ן מְ֭צוּלָה וְאֵ֣ין מָעֳמָ֑ד בָּ֥אתִי בְמַעֲמַקֵּי־מַ֝֗יִם וְשִׁבֹּ֥לֶת שְׁטָפָֽתְנִי׃ |
I am sinking in deep mire, And there is no foothold. I have come into depths of water, And the swell is engulfing me. |
deep mire ← mire of a deep place.
foothold ← standing (place). |
| Ps 69:4 Ps 69:3AV |
יָגַ֣עְתִּי בְקָרְאִי֮ נִחַ֪ר גְּר֫וֹנִ֥י כָּל֥וּ עֵינַ֑י מְ֝יַחֵ֗ל לֵאלֹהָֽי׃ |
I am weary with crying out; My throat is parched, And my eyes are exhausted, As I wait for my God. |
|
| Ps 69:5 Ps 69:4AV |
רַבּ֤וּ ׀ מִשַּׂעֲר֣וֹת רֹאשִׁי֮ שֹׂנְאַ֪י חִ֫נָּ֥ם עָצְמ֣וּ מַ֭צְמִיתַי אֹיְבַ֣י שֶׁ֑קֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־גָ֝זַ֗לְתִּי אָ֣ז אָשִֽׁיב׃ |
They that hate me for no reason Are more numerous than the hairs of my head. Those who would kill me – My enemies on false grounds – Are mighty, But I have not exploited them, Otherwise I would restore it. |
John 15:25.
exploited: or plundered. otherwise I would restore it: AV differs (then I restored ...). |
| Ps 69:6 Ps 69:5AV |
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים אַתָּ֣ה יָ֭דַעְתָּ לְאִוַּלְתִּ֑י וְ֝אַשְׁמוֹתַ֗י מִמְּךָ֥ לֹא־נִכְחָֽדוּ׃ |
O God, you know my foolishness, And my misdeeds are not hidden from you. |
misdeeds ← guilts.
This verse, and the following two, apparently breaking the messianicity of the whole psalm, could ↴ |
| Ps 69:7 Ps 69:6AV |
אַל־יֵ֘בֹ֤שׁוּ בִ֨י ׀ קֹוֶיךָ֮ אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֗ה צְבָ֫א֥וֹת אַל־יִכָּ֣לְמוּ בִ֣י מְבַקְשֶׁ֑יךָ אֱ֝לֹהֵ֗י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Do not let those who put hope in you Be ashamed on my account, O my Lord the Lord of hosts. Do not let those who seek you Be discredited on account of me, O God of Israel. |
↳ be regarded as Christ suffering the guilt-offering. Otherwise, this is a parenthetical section applying to David only. |
| Ps 69:8 Ps 69:7AV |
כִּֽי־עָ֭לֶיךָ נָשָׂ֣אתִי חֶרְפָּ֑ה כִּסְּתָ֖ה כְלִמָּ֣ה פָנָֽי׃ |
For I have uttered a reproach against you; Ignominy covers my face. |
I have uttered a reproach: AV differs (I have borne reproach). Compare Ps 15:3, which in fairness should be translated similarly. |
| Ps 69:9 Ps 69:8AV |
מ֭וּזָר הָיִ֣יתִי לְאֶחָ֑י וְ֝נָכְרִ֗י לִבְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי׃ |
I became estranged from my brothers, And a foreigner to my mother's sons. |
|
| Ps 69:10 Ps 69:9AV |
כִּֽי־קִנְאַ֣ת בֵּיתְךָ֣ אֲכָלָ֑תְנִי וְחֶרְפּ֥וֹת ח֝וֹרְפֶ֗יךָ נָפְל֥וּ עָלָֽי׃ |
For the zeal of your house has consumed me, And the reproaches of those who reproach you Have fallen on me. |
John 2:17, Rom 15:3. |
| Ps 69:11 Ps 69:10AV |
וָאֶבְכֶּ֣ה בַצּ֣וֹם נַפְשִׁ֑י וַתְּהִ֖י לַחֲרָפ֣וֹת לִֽי׃ |
And I wept subjecting myself to fasting, But it became a reproach against me. |
subjecting myself to fasting ← in fasting of my soul.
a reproach against me ← my reproaches, but with a singular verb; an objective genitive. |
| Ps 69:12 Ps 69:11AV |
וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לְבוּשִׁ֣י שָׂ֑ק וָאֱהִ֖י לָהֶ֣ם לְמָשָֽׁל׃ |
And I put sackcloth on as my clothing, And I became a byword to them. |
|
| Ps 69:13 Ps 69:12AV |
יָשִׂ֣יחוּ בִ֭י יֹ֣שְׁבֵי שָׁ֑עַר וּ֝נְגִינ֗וֹת שׁוֹתֵ֥י שֵׁכָֽר׃ |
Those who sit at the gate speak against me, And those who drink strong wine Make me the subject of their songs. |
|
| Ps 69:14 Ps 69:13AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י תְפִלָּתִֽי־לְךָ֨ ׀ יְהוָ֡ה עֵ֤ת רָצ֗וֹן אֱלֹהִ֥ים בְּרָב־חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ עֲ֝נֵ֗נִי בֶּאֱמֶ֥ת יִשְׁעֶֽךָ׃ |
But as for me, my prayer is to you, O Lord, At an acceptable time, O God. In your great kindness, Answer me with your saving truth. |
acceptable time ← time of acceptance, a Hebraic genitive.
your saving truth ← the truth of your salvation, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 69:15 Ps 69:14AV |
הַצִּילֵ֣נִי מִ֭טִּיט וְאַל־אֶטְבָּ֑עָה אִנָּצְלָ֥ה מִ֝שֹּֽׂנְאַ֗י וּמִמַּֽעֲמַקֵּי־מָֽיִם׃ |
Deliver me from the mire, And do not let me sink. Let me be delivered from those who hate me, And from the watery depths. |
watery depths ← depths of waters, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 69:16 Ps 69:15AV |
אַל־תִּשְׁטְפֵ֤נִי ׀ שִׁבֹּ֣לֶת מַ֭יִם וְאַל־תִּבְלָעֵ֣נִי מְצוּלָ֑ה וְאַל־תֶּאְטַר־עָלַ֖י בְּאֵ֣ר פִּֽיהָ׃ |
Do not let the swell of water engulf me, And do not let the deep swallow me up, And do not let the pit close its mouth over me. |
pit ← well. |
| Ps 69:17 Ps 69:16AV |
עֲנֵ֣נִי יְ֭הוָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ כְּרֹ֥ב רַ֝חֲמֶ֗יךָ פְּנֵ֣ה אֵלָֽי׃ |
Answer me, O Lord, For your kindness is good; Turn to me in accordance with the abundance of your mercy. |
|
| Ps 69:18 Ps 69:17AV |
וְאַל־תַּסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נֶיךָ מֵֽעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־צַר־לִ֝֗י מַהֵ֥ר עֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
And do not hide your face from your servant, For I am in a strait. Make haste in answering me. |
in answering me ← answer me. |
| Ps 69:19 Ps 69:18AV |
קָרְבָ֣ה אֶל־נַפְשִׁ֣י גְאָלָ֑הּ לְמַ֖עַן אֹיְבַ֣י פְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
Draw near to my being And redeem it; Ransom me on account of my enemies. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 69:20 Ps 69:19AV |
אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ חֶרְפָּתִ֣י וּ֭בָשְׁתִּי וּכְלִמָּתִ֑י נֶ֝גְדְּךָ֗ כָּל־צוֹרְרָֽי׃ |
For you know my reproach, And my shame and my ignominy. All my adversaries are before you. |
my reproach ... my shame ... my ignominy: objective genitives. |
| Ps 69:21 Ps 69:20AV |
חֶרְפָּ֤ה ׀ שָֽׁבְרָ֥ה לִבִּ֗י וָֽאָ֫נ֥וּשָׁה וָאֲקַוֶּ֣ה לָנ֣וּד וָאַ֑יִן וְ֝לַמְנַחֲמִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א מָצָֽאתִי׃ |
Reproach broke my heart, And I became ill, And I hoped to be consoled, But there was no-one, And I hoped for comforters, But I did not find any. |
to be consoled ← to console, i.e. for (someone) to console (me). |
| Ps 69:22 Ps 69:21AV |
וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ בְּבָרוּתִ֣י רֹ֑אשׁ וְ֝לִצְמָאִ֗י יַשְׁק֥וּנִי חֹֽמֶץ׃ |
And they gave me hemlock for my food, And for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. |
John 19:28, John 19:29. |
| Ps 69:23 Ps 69:22AV |
יְהִֽי־שֻׁלְחָנָ֣ם לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם לְפָ֑ח וְלִשְׁלוֹמִ֥ים לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ |
May their table in front of them become a snare, And things pertinent to their welfare, a trap. |
Rom 11:9. |
| Ps 69:24 Ps 69:23AV |
תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה עֵ֭ינֵיהֶם מֵרְא֑וֹת וּ֝מָתְנֵ֗יהֶם תָּמִ֥יד הַמְעַֽד׃ |
May their eyes become too dark to see, And make their hips falter continually. |
Rom 11:10.
hips ← loins, waist. |
| Ps 69:25 Ps 69:24AV |
שְׁפָךְ־עֲלֵיהֶ֥ם זַעְמֶ֑ךָ וַחֲר֥וֹן אַ֝פְּךָ֗ יַשִּׂיגֵֽם׃ |
Pour out your indignation over them, And may the fury of your anger overtake them. |
|
| Ps 69:26 Ps 69:25AV |
תְּהִי־טִֽירָתָ֥ם נְשַׁמָּ֑ה בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם אַל־יְהִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃ |
May their castle become desolate; Let there be no inhabitant in their tents. |
Acts 1:20. |
| Ps 69:27 Ps 69:26AV |
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־הִכִּ֣יתָ רָדָ֑פוּ וְאֶל־מַכְא֖וֹב חֲלָלֶ֣יךָ יְסַפֵּֽרוּ׃ |
For they pursue those whom you have struck, And they talk to the grief of those you have wounded. |
|
| Ps 69:28 Ps 69:27AV |
תְּֽנָה־עָ֭וֺן עַל־עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְאַל־יָ֝בֹ֗אוּ בְּצִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Add iniquity to their iniquity, And let them not come into your righteousness. |
add ← put, give. |
| Ps 69:29 Ps 69:28AV |
יִ֭מָּחֽוּ מִסֵּ֣פֶר חַיִּ֑ים וְעִ֥ם צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים אַל־יִכָּתֵֽבוּ׃ |
May they be blotted out of the book of the living, And not be written with the righteous. |
Phil 4:3, Rev 3:5, Rev 13:8, Rev 17:8, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:15, Rev 21:27.
the living: or life. |
| Ps 69:30 Ps 69:29AV |
וַ֭אֲנִי עָנִ֣י וְכוֹאֵ֑ב יְשׁוּעָתְךָ֖ אֱלֹהִ֣ים תְּשַׂגְּבֵֽנִי׃ |
But I am afflicted and pained. May your salvation, O God, lift me up. |
|
| Ps 69:31 Ps 69:30AV |
אֲהַֽלְלָ֣ה שֵׁם־אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּשִׁ֑יר וַאֲגַדְּלֶ֥נּוּ בְתוֹדָֽה׃ |
I will praise the name of God in song, And I will magnify him with thanksgiving. |
|
| Ps 69:32 Ps 69:31AV |
וְתִיטַ֣ב לַֽ֭יהוָה מִשּׁ֥וֹר פָּ֗ר מַקְרִ֥ן מַפְרִֽיס׃ |
And may it be pleasing to the Lord More than an ox or bull-calf, Which have horns and divide the hoof. |
|
| Ps 69:33 Ps 69:32AV |
רָא֣וּ עֲנָוִ֣ים יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ דֹּרְשֵׁ֥י אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים וִיחִ֥י לְבַבְכֶֽם׃ |
The meek will see and be glad – Those who seek God – And your heart will live. |
your heart: the change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew. |
| Ps 69:34 Ps 69:33AV |
כִּֽי־שֹׁמֵ֣עַ אֶל־אֶבְיוֹנִ֣ים יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶת־אֲ֝סִירָ֗יו לֹ֣א בָזָֽה׃ |
For the Lord listens to the poor, And he does not despise those of his in bondage. |
|
| Ps 69:35 Ps 69:34AV |
יְֽ֭הַלְלוּהוּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֑רֶץ יַ֝מִּ֗ים וְֽכָל־רֹמֵ֥שׂ בָּֽם׃ |
Let heaven and earth praise him, And the seas, And everything that moves in them. |
|
| Ps 69:36 Ps 69:35AV |
כִּ֤י אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ י֘וֹשִׁ֤יעַ צִיּ֗וֹן וְ֭יִבְנֶה עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֝֗ם וִירֵשֽׁוּהָ׃ |
For God will save Zion, And he will build the cities of Judah, And they will dwell there And take possession of it. |
|
| Ps 69:37 Ps 69:36AV |
וְזֶ֣רַע עֲ֭בָדָיו יִנְחָל֑וּהָ וְאֹהֲבֵ֥י שְׁ֝מ֗וֹ יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
And the seed of his servants will inherit it, And those who love his name will dwell in it. |
|
| Ps 70:1 | לַ֝מְנַצֵּ֗חַ לְדָוִ֥ד לְהַזְכִּֽיר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David for remembrance. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
remembrance ← bringing to remembrance. |
| Ps 70:2 Ps 70:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֥ים לְהַצִּילֵ֑נִי יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי חֽוּשָֽׁה׃ |
O God, hasten to deliver me; O Lord, hasten to my assistance. |
|| Ps 40:14 (Ps 40:13AV). |
| Ps 70:3 Ps 70:2AV |
יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ וְיַחְפְּרוּ֮ מְבַקְשֵׁ֪י נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י יִסֹּ֣גוּ אָ֭חוֹר וְיִכָּלְמ֑וּ חֲ֝פֵצֵ֗י רָעָתִֽי׃ |
May those who seek my life Be ashamed and disgraced. May those who delight in my harm Be driven back And be made ignominious. |
|| Ps 40:15 (Ps 40:14AV).
life ← soul. |
| Ps 70:4 Ps 70:3AV |
יָ֭שׁוּבוּ עַל־עֵ֣קֶב בָּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָ֝אֹמְרִ֗ים הֶ֘אָ֥ח ׀ הֶאָֽח׃ |
May those who say, “Ha, ha” Go back on account of their shame. |
|| Ps 40:16 (Ps 40:15AV).
go back: or, qal for passive of hiphil, be turned back. |
| Ps 70:5 Ps 70:4AV |
יָ֘שִׂ֤ישׂוּ וְיִשְׂמְח֨וּ ׀ בְּךָ֗ כָּֽל־מְבַ֫קְשֶׁ֥יךָ וְיֹאמְר֣וּ תָ֭מִיד יִגְדַּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֹ֝הֲבֵ֗י יְשׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
May all who seek you exult And rejoice in you, And may those who love your salvation always say, “Let God be magnified.” |
|| Ps 40:17 (Ps 40:16AV).
your salvation: a subjective genitive. |
| Ps 70:6 Ps 70:5AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְיוֹן֮ אֱלֹהִ֪ים חֽוּשָׁ֫ה־לִּ֥י עֶזְרִ֣י וּמְפַלְטִ֣י אַ֑תָּה יְ֝הוָ֗ה אַל־תְּאַחַֽר׃ |
But I am poor and needy. O God, hasten to me; You are my help and my deliverer. O Lord, do not delay. |
|| Ps 40:18 (Ps 40:17AV). |
| Ps 71:1 | בְּךָֽ־יְהוָ֥ה חָסִ֑יתִי אַל־אֵב֥וֹשָׁה לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
In you, O Lord, I have put my trust; Do not let me ever be put to shame. |
ever ← for the age. |
| Ps 71:2 | בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֗ תַּצִּילֵ֥נִי וּֽתְפַלְּטֵ֑נִי הַטֵּֽה־אֵלַ֥י אָ֝זְנְךָ֗ וְהוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Rescue me and extricate me in your righteousness; Incline your ear to me And save me. |
|
| Ps 71:3 | הֱיֵ֤ה לִ֨י ׀ לְצ֥וּר מָע֡וֹן לָב֗וֹא תָּמִ֗יד צִוִּ֥יתָ לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי כִּֽי־סַלְעִ֖י וּמְצוּדָתִ֣י אָֽתָּה׃ |
Be to me a rock-strong dwelling place, To go to at all times. You have given commandment to save me, For you are my rock and my fortress. |
|
| Ps 71:4 | אֱֽלֹהַ֗י פַּ֭לְּטֵנִי מִיַּ֣ד רָשָׁ֑ע מִכַּ֖ף מְעַוֵּ֣ל וְחוֹמֵץ׃ |
O God of mine, rescue me from the hand of the wicked man – From the palm of the iniquitous and violent one, |
|
| Ps 71:5 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה תִקְוָתִ֑י אֲדֹנָ֥י יְ֝הוִ֗ה מִבְטַחִ֥י מִנְּעוּרָֽי׃ |
For you are my hope, my Lord the Lord, And my security from my youth. |
|
| Ps 71:6 | עָלֶ֤יךָ ׀ נִסְמַ֬כְתִּי מִבֶּ֗טֶן מִמְּעֵ֣י אִ֭מִּי אַתָּ֣ה גוֹזִ֑י בְּךָ֖ תְהִלָּתִ֣י תָמִֽיד׃ |
I have been dependent on you since the womb – Since my mother's belly from which you cut me loose. My praise has always been on your account. |
|
| Ps 71:7 | כְּ֭מוֹפֵת הָיִ֣יתִי לְרַבִּ֑ים וְ֝אַתָּ֗ה מַֽחֲסִי־עֹֽז׃ |
I became a marvel to many, And you were my strong refuge. |
a marvel ← as a marvel. |
| Ps 71:8 | יִמָּ֣לֵא פִ֭י תְּהִלָּתֶ֑ךָ כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם תִּפְאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃ |
May my mouth be full of your praise And of your splendour all day long. |
your praise: we take it as an objective genitive (I praise you). |
| Ps 71:9 | אַֽל־תַּ֭שְׁלִיכֵנִי לְעֵ֣ת זִקְנָ֑ה כִּכְל֥וֹת כֹּ֝חִ֗י אַֽל־תַּעַזְבֵֽנִי׃ |
Do not cast me off in the time of my old age. When my strength has become exhausted, Do not abandon me. |
|
| Ps 71:10 | כִּֽי־אָמְר֣וּ אוֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י וְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י נוֹעֲצ֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
For my enemies have spoken against me, And those watching out for a chance to take my life Have taken counsel together, |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 71:11 | לֵ֭אמֹר אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֲזָב֑וֹ רִֽדְפ֥וּ וְ֝תִפְשׂ֗וּהוּ כִּי־אֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
And have said, “God has forsaken him. Pursue and seize him, For there is no-one to deliver him.” |
to deliver ← delivering. |
| Ps 71:12 | אֱ֭לֹהִים אַל־תִּרְחַ֣ק מִמֶּ֑נִּי אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י לְעֶזְרָ֥תִי *חישה **חֽוּשָׁה׃ |
O God, do not be far from me. O God of mine, hasten to my assistance. |
hasten: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A yod / vav issue. |
| Ps 71:13 | יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ יִכְלוּ֮ שֹׂטְנֵ֪י נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י יַֽעֲט֣וּ חֶ֭רְפָּה וּכְלִמָּ֑ה מְ֝בַקְשֵׁ֗י רָעָתִֽי׃ |
May those who take a stand against my life Be put to shame and consumed. May those who seek my harm Be covered in reproach and ignominy. |
life ← soul.
be covered in reproach and ignominy ← may reproach and ignominy cover. |
| Ps 71:14 | וַ֭אֲנִי תָּמִ֣יד אֲיַחֵ֑ל וְ֝הוֹסַפְתִּ֗י עַל־כָּל־תְּהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
But I will always wait, And I will add to all your praise. |
|
| Ps 71:15 | פִּ֤י ׀ יְסַפֵּ֬ר צִדְקָתֶ֗ךָ כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם תְּשׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י לֹ֖א יָדַ֣עְתִּי סְפֹרֽוֹת׃ |
My mouth will relate your righteousness And your salvation, all day long. I do not know the number of such deeds. |
number ← numbers. |
| Ps 71:16 | אָב֗וֹא בִּ֭גְבֻרוֹת אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה אַזְכִּ֖יר צִדְקָתְךָ֣ לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ |
I will come in the might of my Lord the Lord; I will bring your righteousness to remembrance – Yours only. |
|
| Ps 71:17 | אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים לִמַּדְתַּ֥נִי מִנְּעוּרָ֑י וְעַד־הֵ֝֗נָּה אַגִּ֥יד נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
O God you have taught me from my youth, And I have been telling of your wondrous deeds up to now. |
|
| Ps 71:18 | וְגַ֤ם עַד־זִקְנָ֨ה ׀ וְשֵׂיבָה֮ אֱלֹהִ֪ים אַֽל־תַּעַ֫זְבֵ֥נִי עַד־אַגִּ֣יד זְרוֹעֲךָ֣ לְד֑וֹר לְכָל־יָ֝ב֗וֹא גְּבוּרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Now also at old age and grey hair, Do not forsake me, O God, Before I have told of your strength To this generation, And I have told of your might To all who are to come. |
before ← until. See Song 8:4.
strength ← arm. who: AV differs (which), so referring to generations, also possible, but we interpret as people, younger contemporaries of the psalmist. |
| Ps 71:19 | וְצִדְקָתְךָ֥ אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַד־מָ֫ר֥וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתָ גְדֹל֑וֹת אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים מִ֣י כָמֽוֹךָ׃ |
And your righteousness, O God, is sublime, In that you have performed great deeds. O God, who is like you? |
sublime ← up to height. |
| Ps 71:20 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר *הראיתנו **הִרְאִיתַ֨נִי ׀ צָר֥וֹת רַבּ֗וֹת וְרָ֫ע֥וֹת תָּשׁ֥וּב *תחיינו **תְּחַיֵּ֑ינִי וּֽמִתְּהֹמ֥וֹת הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ תָּשׁ֥וּב תַּעֲלֵֽנִי׃ |
Although you have shown {K: us} [Q: me] many adversities and troubles, You will restore {K: us} [Q: me] to life again, And lift me up again from the depths of the earth. |
The ketiv / qeré issues are vav / yod issues, the qeré perhaps being motivated by and lift me up, but a change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew. |
| Ps 71:21 | תֶּ֤רֶב ׀ גְּֽדֻלָּתִ֗י וְתִסֹּ֥ב תְּֽנַחֲמֵֽנִי׃ |
You will increase my greatness And surround and comfort me. |
|
| Ps 71:22 | גַּם־אֲנִ֤י ׀ אוֹדְךָ֣ בִכְלִי־נֶבֶל֮ אֲמִתְּךָ֪ אֱלֹ֫הָ֥י אֲזַמְּרָ֣ה לְךָ֣ בְכִנּ֑וֹר קְ֝ד֗וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
I too will give you thanks on the lute; I will make psalm melody of your truth to you, O God of mine, With the harp, O holy one of Israel. |
lute ← lute instrument. |
| Ps 71:23 | תְּרַנֵּ֣נָּ֣ה שְׂ֭פָתַי כִּ֣י אֲזַמְּרָה־לָּ֑ךְ וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּדִֽיתָ׃ |
My lips will rejoice When I make psalm melody to you, As will my being Which you have redeemed. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 71:24 | גַּם־לְשׁוֹנִ֗י כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם תֶּהְגֶּ֣ה צִדְקָתֶ֑ךָ כִּי־בֹ֥שׁוּ כִֽי־חָ֝פְר֗וּ מְבַקְשֵׁ֥י רָעָתִֽי׃ |
My tongue, too, will utter your righteousness all day long, Because those who seek my harm have become ashamed – Because they have become disgraced. |
|
| Ps 72:1 | לִשְׁלֹמֹ֨ה ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ תֵּ֑ן וְצִדְקָתְךָ֥ לְבֶן־מֶֽלֶךְ׃ |
A Psalm of Solomon.
O God, give your judicial principles to the king, And your righteous standard to the king's son. |
judicial principles: or judgments.
righteous standard ← righteousness. |
| Ps 72:2 | יָדִ֣ין עַמְּךָ֣ בְצֶ֑דֶק וַעֲנִיֶּ֥יךָ בְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
He will judge your people righteously, And those of yours who are poor, justly. |
|
| Ps 72:3 | יִשְׂא֤וּ הָרִ֓ים שָׁ֘ל֥וֹם לָעָ֑ם וּ֝גְבָע֗וֹת בִּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
The mountains will bring peace to the people, As will the hills, in righteousness. |
|
| Ps 72:4 | יִשְׁפֹּ֤ט ׀ עֲֽנִיֵּי־עָ֗ם י֭וֹשִׁיעַ לִבְנֵ֣י אֶבְי֑וֹן וִֽידַכֵּ֣א עוֹשֵֽׁק׃ |
He will judge those of the people who are poor; He will save the sons of the needy And crush the oppressor. |
|
| Ps 72:5 | יִֽירָא֥וּךָ עִם־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְלִפְנֵ֥י יָ֝רֵ֗חַ דּ֣וֹר דּוֹרִֽים׃ |
They will fear you When they are in the company of the sun, And when they are in the presence of the moon, For generation upon generation. |
The AV is unusually loose. |
| Ps 72:6 | יֵ֭רֵד כְּמָטָ֣ר עַל־גֵּ֑ז כִּ֝רְבִיבִ֗ים זַרְזִ֥יף אָֽרֶץ׃ |
He will come down like rain on mown grass – Like showers that drench the earth. |
that drench ← (are) a drenching of. |
| Ps 72:7 | יִֽפְרַח־בְּיָמָ֥יו צַדִּ֑יק וְרֹ֥ב שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַד־בְּלִ֥י יָרֵֽחַ׃ |
The righteous man will blossom in his days, As will an abundance of peace, Until the moon is no more. |
|
| Ps 72:8 | וְ֭יֵרְדְּ מִיָּ֣ם עַד־יָ֑ם וּ֝מִנָּהָ֗ר עַד־אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
And he will have dominion from sea to sea, And from the river to the ends of the earth. |
he will have dominion (etc.): compare Zech 9:10. |
| Ps 72:9 | לְ֭פָנָיו יִכְרְע֣וּ צִיִּ֑ים וְ֝אֹיְבָ֗יו עָפָ֥ר יְלַחֵֽכוּ׃ |
The inhabitants of the desert will bow down before him, And his enemies will lick the dust. |
|
| Ps 72:10 | מַלְכֵ֬י תַרְשִׁ֣ישׁ וְ֭אִיִּים מִנְחָ֣ה יָשִׁ֑יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י שְׁבָ֥א וּ֝סְבָ֗א אֶשְׁכָּ֥ר יַקְרִֽיבוּ׃ |
The kings of Tarshish and the coastlands will bring an offering; The kings of Sheba and Seba will offer a gift. |
bring ← bring back, but in the context of tribute or an offering, just bring. |
| Ps 72:11 | וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֥וֹ כָל־מְלָכִ֑ים כָּל־גּוֹיִ֥ם יַֽעַבְדֽוּהוּ׃ |
And all the kings will prostrate themselves before him; All nations will serve him. |
|
| Ps 72:12 | כִּֽי־יַ֭צִּיל אֶבְי֣וֹן מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ וְ֝עָנִ֗י וְֽאֵין־עֹזֵ֥ר לֽוֹ׃ |
For he will deliver the poor man who cries out, And the needy who has no-one to help him. |
|
| Ps 72:13 | יָ֭חֹס עַל־דַּ֣ל וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֣ים יוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
He will have pity on the destitute and poor, And he will save the lives of the poor. |
poor ... poor: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. Hebrew is not short of near-synonyms not used in this or the previous verse (רָשׁ, דַּךְ, עַרְעָר).
lives ← souls. |
| Ps 72:14 | מִתּ֣וֹךְ וּ֭מֵחָמָס יִגְאַ֣ל נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְיֵיקַ֖ר דָּמָ֣ם בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ |
He will redeem their lives from oppression and violence, And their blood will be precious in his eyes. |
lives ← souls. |
| Ps 72:15 | וִיחִ֗י וְיִתֶּן־לוֹ֮ מִזְּהַ֪ב שְׁ֫בָ֥א וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל בַּעֲד֣וֹ תָמִ֑יד כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם יְבָרֲכֶֽנְהֽוּ׃ |
May he live, And may they give him gold of Sheba, And may they pray for him constantly And bless him all day long. |
may they give ... may they pray ← may one / he give ... may one / he pray.
gold ← (some) of gold. |
| Ps 72:16 | יְהִ֤י פִסַּת־בַּ֨ר ׀ בָּאָרֶץ֮ בְּרֹ֪אשׁ הָ֫רִ֥ים יִרְעַ֣שׁ כַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן פִּרְי֑וֹ וְיָצִ֥יצוּ מֵ֝עִ֗יר כְּעֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
May there be an abundance of grain in the land; May his fruit sway on the mountain summits as in Lebanon, And may plants of the city bloom like the vegetation of the earth. |
plants: AV differs, supplying they, but we take the context as agricultural, including outlying cultivated land. |
| Ps 72:17 | יְהִ֤י שְׁמ֨וֹ לְֽעוֹלָ֗ם לִפְנֵי־שֶׁמֶשׁ֮ *ינין **יִנּ֪וֹן שְׁ֫מ֥וֹ וְיִתְבָּ֥רְכוּ ב֑וֹ כָּל־גּוֹיִ֥ם יְאַשְּׁרֽוּהוּ׃ |
May his name be age-abiding; May his name in the presence of the sun give rise to posterity, And may they be blessed through him. May all nations call him blessed. |
give rise to posterity: the ketiv is hiphil; the qeré niphal, with the same meaning. |
| Ps 72:18 | בָּר֤וּךְ ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֹשֵׂ֖ה נִפְלָא֣וֹת לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ |
Blessed be the Lord God – The God of Israel – Who works wondrous deeds on his own. |
|
| Ps 72:19 | וּבָר֤וּךְ ׀ שֵׁ֥ם כְּבוֹד֗וֹ לְע֫וֹלָ֥ם וְיִמָּלֵ֣א כְ֭בוֹדוֹ אֶת־כֹּ֥ל הָאָ֗רֶץ אָ֘מֵ֥ן ׀ וְאָמֵֽן׃ |
And blessed be his glorious name age-abidingly, And may the whole earth be filled with his glory. Amen and amen. |
may the whole earth be filled with his glory: one could argue for may his glory be filled with the whole earth (masculine verb, earth usually feminine, אֶת for instrument of passive). One could point ↴
his glorious name ← the name of his glory, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 72:20 | כָּלּ֥וּ תְפִלּ֑וֹת דָּ֝וִ֗ד בֶּן־יִשָֽׁי׃ | The prayers of David the son of Jesse are completed. | ↳ as וִימַלֵּא, giving and may his glory fill the whole earth. A similar expression in Num 14:21. |
| Ps 73:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אַ֤ךְ ט֭וֹב לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אֱלֹהִ֗ים לְבָרֵ֥י לֵבָֽב׃ |
A Psalm of Asaph.
Surely God is good to Israel – To the pure in heart. |
|
| Ps 73:2 | וַאֲנִ֗י כִּ֭מְעַט *נטוי **נָטָ֣יוּ רַגְלָ֑י כְּ֝אַ֗יִן *שפכה **שֻׁפְּכ֥וּ אֲשֻׁרָֽי׃ |
But as for me, my feet {K: were} [Q: were] almost reduced to nothing; My steps were exhausted. |
reduced: the ketiv agrees with me, and the feet become an adjunct (in respect of ...), whilst the qeré agrees with feet.
exhausted ← poured out. The ketiv is ↴ |
| Ps 73:3 | כִּֽי־קִ֭נֵּאתִי בַּֽהוֹלְלִ֑ים שְׁל֖וֹם רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֶרְאֶֽה׃ |
For I was jealous of the boasters, When I saw the prosperity of the wicked. |
↳ feminine singular, agreeing with my step (re-pointed to singular), but as collective usage.
boasters: AV differs (foolish). |
| Ps 73:4 | כִּ֤י אֵ֖ין חַרְצֻבּ֥וֹת לְמוֹתָ֗ם וּבָרִ֥יא אוּלָֽם׃ |
For they have no concerns about their death, Whilst their body is healthy. |
concerns ← bonds / pains.
their body is healthy: AV differs somewhat (their strength is firm), which could be the meaning. [BDB] p.135 has their body fat, attributive, ↴ |
| Ps 73:5 | בַּעֲמַ֣ל אֱנ֣וֹשׁ אֵינֵ֑מוֹ וְעִם־אָ֝דָ֗ם לֹ֣א יְנֻגָּֽעוּ׃ |
They are not subject to man's toiling, Nor are they plagued in common with man. |
↳ despite the absolute state of fat; [AnLx]= their body (is) fat, we infer.
nor are they plagued: a Nephilimic (Gen 6:4) characteristic? |
| Ps 73:6 | לָ֭כֵן עֲנָקַ֣תְמוֹ גַאֲוָ֑ה יַעֲטָף־שִׁ֝֗ית חָמָ֥ס לָֽמוֹ׃ |
That is why pride bedecks them, And the garment which covers them Is their violence. |
|
| Ps 73:7 | יָ֭צָא מֵחֵ֣לֶב עֵינֵ֑מוֹ עָ֝בְר֗וּ מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת לֵבָֽב׃ |
Their eyes bulge from fatness; The imaginings of their heart pass beyond all bounds. |
imaginings (etc.): AV differs (they have more than heart could wish). |
| Ps 73:8 | יָמִ֤יקוּ ׀ וִידַבְּר֣וּ בְרָ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁק מִמָּר֥וֹם יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ |
They mock, They speak wickedly, plotting oppression; They speak haughtily. |
|
| Ps 73:9 | שַׁתּ֣וּ בַשָּׁמַ֣יִם פִּיהֶ֑ם וּ֝לְשׁוֹנָ֗ם תִּֽהֲלַ֥ךְ בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
They have set their mouth against heaven, While their tongue traverses the earth. |
|
| Ps 73:10 | לָכֵ֤ן ׀ *ישיב **יָשׁ֣וּב עַמּ֣וֹ הֲלֹ֑ם וּמֵ֥י מָ֝לֵ֗א יִמָּ֥צוּ לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Therefore {K: he will bring his people back} [Q: his people will return] here, And water will be wrung out to them in full. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue.
wrung out to them in full: or drained by [CB]. Compare Lev 1:15 (wrung out). |
| Ps 73:11 | וְֽאָמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֥ה יָדַֽע־אֵ֑ל וְיֵ֖שׁ דֵּעָ֣ה בְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
But they say, “How does God know?” And, “Does the Most High have any knowledge of it?” |
does the Most High have any knowledge of it ← is there knowledge (of it) with the Most High. |
| Ps 73:12 | הִנֵּה־אֵ֥לֶּה רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְשַׁלְוֵ֥י ע֝וֹלָ֗ם הִשְׂגּוּ־חָֽיִל׃ |
Behold, these are the wicked, And those at ease in the age, Who have increased in riches. |
|
| Ps 73:13 | אַךְ־רִ֭יק זִכִּ֣יתִי לְבָבִ֑י וָאֶרְחַ֖ץ בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן כַּפָּֽי׃ |
Surely I cleansed my heart in vain, When I washed my hands in innocence, |
|
| Ps 73:14 | וָאֱהִ֣י נָ֭גוּעַ כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לַבְּקָרִֽים׃ |
For I was plagued all day long, And I suffered castigation each morning. |
I suffered castigation ← my castigation (was), an objective genitive.
each morning ← in the mornings. |
| Ps 73:15 | אִם־אָ֭מַרְתִּי אֲסַפְּרָ֥ה כְמ֑וֹ הִנֵּ֤ה ד֭וֹר בָּנֶ֣יךָ בָגָֽדְתִּי׃ |
If I had said, “Let me speak like that”, I would have misled a generation of your sons. |
I would have misled ← behold I misled. |
| Ps 73:16 | וָֽ֭אֲחַשְּׁבָה לָדַ֣עַת זֹ֑את עָמָ֖ל *היא **ה֣וּא בְעֵינָֽי׃ |
I pondered so as to know this matter – It was to my sorrow in my sight – |
it: the ketiv is feminine; the qeré masculine. No difference in meaning. |
| Ps 73:17 | עַד־אָ֭בוֹא אֶל־מִקְדְּשֵׁי־אֵ֑ל אָ֝בִ֗ינָה לְאַחֲרִיתָֽם׃ |
Until I went into the sanctuary of God And understood their final state. |
sanctuary ← sanctuaries, a plural of majesty. |
| Ps 73:18 | אַ֣ךְ בַּ֭חֲלָקוֹת תָּשִׁ֣ית לָ֑מוֹ הִ֝פַּלְתָּ֗ם לְמַשּׁוּאֽוֹת׃ |
Surely you will put them in slippery places; You will make them fall into ruin. |
|
| Ps 73:19 | אֵ֤יךְ הָי֣וּ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה כְרָ֑גַע סָ֥פוּ תַ֝֗מּוּ מִן־בַּלָּהֽוֹת׃ |
How they will become a desolation in a moment! How they will perish and meet their end in terrors! |
in terrors ← from terrors, i.e. from (the result of) terrors. |
| Ps 73:20 | כַּחֲל֥וֹם מֵהָקִ֑יץ אֲ֝דֹנָי בָּעִ֤יר ׀ צַלְמָ֬ם תִּבְזֶֽה׃ |
As in waking up from a dream, O Lord*, On awakening, you will despise their illusion. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
on awakening: gerundial use of the (contracted hiphil) infinitive. |
| Ps 73:21 | כִּ֭י יִתְחַמֵּ֣ץ לְבָבִ֑י וְ֝כִלְיוֹתַ֗י אֶשְׁתּוֹנָֽן׃ |
For my heart was embittered, And I was pierced in my kidneys. |
in my kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. |
| Ps 73:22 | וַאֲנִי־בַ֭עַר וְלֹ֣א אֵדָ֑ע בְּ֝הֵמ֗וֹת הָיִ֥יתִי עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
But I was an imbecile And did not know; I was like the beasts with you. |
|
| Ps 73:23 | וַאֲנִ֣י תָמִ֣יד עִמָּ֑ךְ אָ֝חַ֗זְתָּ בְּיַד־יְמִינִֽי׃ |
Yet I am always with you; You have taken hold of my right hand. |
|
| Ps 73:24 | בַּעֲצָתְךָ֥ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְ֝אַחַ֗ר כָּב֥וֹד תִּקָּחֵֽנִי׃ |
You will lead me in accordance with your purpose, And afterwards, you will receive me in glory. |
|
| Ps 73:25 | מִי־לִ֥י בַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְ֝עִמְּךָ֗ לֹא־חָפַ֥צְתִּי בָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Whom do I have in the heavens? I delight just to be with you; I have not delighted in the earth. |
just: wider use of the vav.
AV differs in the last two lines (And there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee). |
| Ps 73:26 | כָּלָ֥ה שְׁאֵרִ֗י וּלְבָ֫בִ֥י צוּר־לְבָבִ֥י וְחֶלְקִ֗י אֱלֹהִ֥ים לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
My flesh has come to an end, But as for my heart, The rock of my heart and my portion Is God age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 73:27 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה רְחֵקֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ הִ֝צְמַ֗תָּה כָּל־זוֹנֶ֥ה מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
For behold, those departing from you will perish; You have cut off Everyone who commits whoredom against you. |
|
| Ps 73:28 | וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ קִֽרֲבַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֗ים לִ֫י־ט֥וֹב שַׁתִּ֤י ׀ בַּאדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֣ה מַחְסִ֑י לְ֝סַפֵּ֗ר כָּל־מַלְאֲכוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
But as for me, Closeness to God is good for me. I have put my trust in my Lord the Lord So as to tell of all your works. |
|
| Ps 74:1 | מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף לָמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים זָנַ֣חְתָּ לָנֶ֑צַח יֶעְשַׁ֥ן אַ֝פְּךָ֗ בְּצֹ֣אן מַרְעִיתֶֽךָ׃ |
An Instructive Psalm of Asaph.
Why, O God, have you utterly rejected us? Why does your anger fume over the sheep of your pasture? |
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1.
utterly: the more common meaning is in perpetuity, but this meaning is frequent in the Psalms. |
| Ps 74:2 | זְכֹ֤ר עֲדָתְךָ֨ ׀ קָ֘נִ֤יתָ קֶּ֗דֶם גָּ֭אַלְתָּ שֵׁ֣בֶט נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ הַר־צִ֝יּ֗וֹן זֶ֤ה ׀ שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בּֽוֹ׃ |
Remember your congregation, Which you acquired in ancient time. You redeemed the sceptre of your inheritance – Mount Zion in which you dwelt. |
Mount Zion: or this Mount Zion, but we take זֶה as a relative pronoun. Compare Eccl 7:27, Ps 104:8. |
| Ps 74:3 | הָרִ֣ימָה פְ֭עָמֶיךָ לְמַשֻּׁא֣וֹת נֶ֑צַח כָּל־הֵרַ֖ע אוֹיֵ֣ב בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ |
Speed up your strides towards the complete ruins – All the harm the enemy has done in the sanctuary. |
speed up ← lift. |
| Ps 74:4 | שָׁאֲג֣וּ צֹ֭רְרֶיךָ בְּקֶ֣רֶב מוֹעֲדֶ֑ךָ שָׂ֖מוּ אוֹתֹתָ֣ם אֹתֽוֹת׃ |
Your adversaries roar in the midst of your assembly; They have set up their ensigns as portents. |
ensigns as portents ← signs (as) signs. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 74:5 | יִ֭וָּדַע כְּמֵבִ֣יא לְמָ֑עְלָה בִּֽסֲבָךְ־עֵ֝֗ץ קַרְדֻּמּֽוֹת׃ |
A man used to be known By how he could wield axes in a thick wood, |
wield ← bring upwards. |
| Ps 74:6 | *ועת **וְ֭עַתָּה פִּתּוּחֶ֣יהָ יָּ֑חַד בְּכַשִּׁ֥יל וְ֝כֵֽילַפֹּ֗ת יַהֲלֹמֽוּן׃ |
But now it is wholly its engravings That they hack at with hatchets and mallets. |
now: the ketiv is a shorter form of the qeré, or read (it is) time (for). |
| Ps 74:7 | שִׁלְח֣וּ בָ֭אֵשׁ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ חִלְּל֥וּ מִֽשְׁכַּן־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
They have set your sanctuary on fire; They have desecrated your renowned tabernacle, Bringing it down to the ground. |
your renowned tabernacle ← the tabernacle of your name. |
| Ps 74:8 | אָמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם נִינָ֣ם יָ֑חַד שָׂרְפ֖וּ כָל־מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵ֣ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ |
They have resolved and said, “Let us ravage them completely.” They have burnt all the places of assembly of God Down to the ground. |
resolved ← said in their heart.
completely ← together. |
| Ps 74:9 | אֽוֹתֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֥א רָ֫אִ֥ינוּ אֵֽין־ע֥וֹד נָבִ֑יא וְלֹֽא־אִ֝תָּ֗נוּ יֹדֵ֥עַ עַד־מָֽה׃ |
We have not seen our signs; There is no prophet any more, And no-one among us knows for how long. |
our signs: i.e. the signs from God to us which we hoped to see.
for how long ← until what. |
| Ps 74:10 | עַד־מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר יְנָ֘אֵ֤ץ אוֹיֵ֖ב שִׁמְךָ֣ לָנֶֽצַח׃ |
How long, O God, will the adversary reproach us? How long will the enemy utterly despise your name? |
utterly: see Ps 74:1. |
| Ps 74:11 | לָ֤מָּה תָשִׁ֣יב יָ֭דְךָ וִֽימִינֶ֑ךָ מִקֶּ֖רֶב *חוקך **חֵֽיקְךָ֣ כַלֵּֽה׃ |
Why do you withdraw your hand – Indeed your right hand – From the midst of your {Q: bosom} [K: statute] so completely? |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
so completely: AV differs (pluck it out). We take כַלֵּה as an adverbial infinitive. |
| Ps 74:12 | וֵ֭אלֹהִים מַלְכִּ֣י מִקֶּ֑דֶם פֹּעֵ֥ל יְ֝שׁוּע֗וֹת בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
But God is my king, Being from ancient time, Carrying out acts of salvation In the midst of the land. |
|
| Ps 74:13 | אַתָּ֤ה פוֹרַ֣רְתָּ בְעָזְּךָ֣ יָ֑ם שִׁבַּ֖רְתָּ רָאשֵׁ֥י תַ֝נִּינִ֗ים עַל־הַמָּֽיִם׃ |
You split the sea in your strength; You broke the heads of crocodiles in the waters. |
|
| Ps 74:14 | אַתָּ֣ה רִ֭צַּצְתָּ רָאשֵׁ֣י לִוְיָתָ֑ן תִּתְּנֶ֥נּוּ מַ֝אֲכָ֗ל לְעָ֣ם לְצִיִּֽים׃ |
You crushed the heads of Leviathan; You gave it as food for the inhabitants of the desert. |
Leviathan: a serpent in Isa 27:1; perhaps the crocodile in Job; see Job 40:25 (Job 41:1AV).
the inhabitants of the desert: applies to men or animals of the desert. |
| Ps 74:15 | אַתָּ֣ה בָ֭קַעְתָּ מַעְיָ֣ן וָנָ֑חַל אַתָּ֥ה ה֝וֹבַ֗שְׁתָּ נַהֲר֥וֹת אֵיתָֽן׃ |
You carved out fount and brook; You dried up powerful rivers. |
powerful rivers ← rivers of power, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 74:16 | לְךָ֣ י֭וֹם אַף־לְךָ֥ לָ֑יְלָה אַתָּ֥ה הֲ֝כִינ֗וֹתָ מָא֥וֹר וָשָֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Yours is the day; Yours is the night also. You prepared the night luminary And the sun. |
the night luminary: compare Gen 1:16. |
| Ps 74:17 | אַתָּ֣ה הִ֭צַּבְתָּ כָּל־גְּבוּל֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ קַ֥יִץ וָ֝חֹ֗רֶף אַתָּ֥ה יְצַרְתָּם׃ |
You set all the boundaries of the earth. As for summer and winter, You fashioned them. |
|
| Ps 74:18 | זְכָר־זֹ֗את א֭וֹיֵב חֵרֵ֣ף ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וְעַ֥ם נָ֝בָ֗ל נִֽאֲצ֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Remember this: An enemy has reproached the Lord, And a foolish people have despised your name. |
the Lord: AV differs (O LORD), breaking the parallelism. |
| Ps 74:19 | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭חַיַּת נֶ֣פֶשׁ תּוֹרֶ֑ךָ חַיַּ֥ת עֲ֝נִיֶּ֗יךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח לָנֶֽצַח׃ |
Do not deliver the life of your turtle-dove To the wild animals. Do not completely forget Your poor population. |
life ← soul.
completely: or utterly; see Ps 74:1. Perhaps to be understood after a negative as at all. |
| Ps 74:20 | הַבֵּ֥ט לַבְּרִ֑ית כִּ֥י מָלְא֥וּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶ֝֗רֶץ נְא֣וֹת חָמָֽס׃ |
Observe the covenant, For the dark places of the earth Are full of nests of violence. |
nests ← habitations. |
| Ps 74:21 | אַל־יָשֹׁ֣ב דַּ֣ךְ נִכְלָ֑ם עָנִ֥י וְ֝אֶבְי֗וֹן יְֽהַלְל֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Do not let the ill-treated return ashamed; May the poor and needy praise your name. |
|
| Ps 74:22 | קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים רִיבָ֣ה רִיבֶ֑ךָ זְכֹ֥ר חֶרְפָּתְךָ֥ מִנִּי־נָ֝בָ֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
Arise, O God, And contend your case; Remember the reproach on you From the fool all day long. |
the reproach on you ← your reproach, an objective genitive (he reproaches you). |
| Ps 74:23 | אַל־תִּ֭שְׁכַּח ק֣וֹל צֹרְרֶ֑יךָ שְׁא֥וֹן קָ֝מֶ֗יךָ עֹלֶ֥ה תָמִֽיד׃ |
Do not forget the noise of your adversaries; The tumult of those who rise up against you Ascends continually. |
|
| Ps 75:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אַל־תַּשְׁחֵ֑ת מִזְמ֖וֹר לְאָסָ֣ף שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster, Al-tashcheth.↑
A Psalm of Asaph. A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Al-tashcheth: see Ps 57:1. |
| Ps 75:2 Ps 75:1AV |
ה֘וֹדִ֤ינוּ לְּךָ֨ ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים ה֭וֹדִינוּ וְקָר֣וֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ סִ֝פְּר֗וּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
We give thanks to you, O God; We give thanks that your name is near. People relate your wondrous deeds. |
people relate your wondrous deeds: AV differs (thy wondrous works declare). |
| Ps 75:3 Ps 75:2AV |
כִּ֭י אֶקַּ֣ח מוֹעֵ֑ד אֲ֝נִ֗י מֵישָׁרִ֥ים אֶשְׁפֹּֽט׃ |
“For I will receive the assembly; I myself will judge the upright. |
God is speaking now. Compare Ps 91 and the Song of Solomon for the change of speaker.
the upright: AV differs (uprightly), which is also possible. |
| Ps 75:4 Ps 75:3AV |
נְֽמֹגִ֗ים אֶ֥רֶץ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ אָנֹכִ֨י תִכַּ֖נְתִּי עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
The earth and all its inhabitants are dissolving away; I am the one who fixed its pillars in place. Selah. |
|
| Ps 75:5 Ps 75:4AV |
אָמַ֣רְתִּי לַֽ֭הוֹלְלִים אַל־תָּהֹ֑לּוּ וְ֝לָרְשָׁעִ֗ים אַל־תָּרִ֥ימוּ קָֽרֶן׃ |
I have said to the boasters, ‘Do not boast’, And to the wicked, ‘Do not raise up your horn. |
boast: AV differs (deal foolishly). |
| Ps 75:6 Ps 75:5AV |
אַל־תָּרִ֣ימוּ לַמָּר֣וֹם קַרְנְכֶ֑ם תְּדַבְּר֖וּ בְצַוָּ֣אר עָתָֽק׃ |
Do not raise your horn high up, Nor speak with a stiff neck.’ ” |
stiff ← insolent. |
| Ps 75:7 Ps 75:6AV |
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א מִ֭מּוֹצָא וּמִֽמַּעֲרָ֑ב וְ֝לֹ֗א מִמִּדְבַּ֥ר הָרִֽים׃ |
For exaltation does not come from the east or from the west, Nor from the south, |
south ← desert. |
| Ps 75:8 Ps 75:7AV |
כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים שֹׁפֵ֑ט זֶ֥ה יַ֝שְׁפִּ֗יל וְזֶ֣ה יָרִֽים׃ |
For God is the judge. One he brings low; Another he elevates. |
brings low ... elevates: compare Dan 5:19, where Nebuchadnezzar did these things. |
| Ps 75:9 Ps 75:8AV |
כִּ֤י כ֪וֹס בְּֽיַד־יְהוָ֡ה וְיַ֤יִן חָמַ֨ר ׀ מָ֥לֵא מֶסֶךְ֮ וַיַּגֵּ֪ר מִ֫זֶּ֥ה אַךְ־שְׁ֭מָרֶיהָ יִמְצ֣וּ יִשְׁתּ֑וּ כֹּ֝֗ל רִשְׁעֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
For in the hand of the Lord is a cup With a fermented wine – A full mixture. On one side he pours it out, But all the wicked of the earth Will drain and drink its sediment. |
|
| Ps 75:10 Ps 75:9AV |
וַ֭אֲנִי אַגִּ֣יד לְעֹלָ֑ם אֲ֝זַמְּרָ֗ה לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
And I will relate it age-abidingly; I will make psalm melody To the God of Jacob. |
|
| Ps 75:11 Ps 75:10AV |
וְכָל־קַרְנֵ֣י רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֲגַדֵּ֑עַ תְּ֝רוֹמַ֗מְנָה קַֽרְנ֥וֹת צַדִּֽיק׃ |
And I will break off all the horns of the wicked. But the horns of the righteous man will be exalted. |
|
| Ps 76:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינֹ֑ת מִזְמ֖וֹר לְאָסָ֣ף שִֽׁיר׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to stringed music.↑
A Psalm of Asaph. A Song. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to stringed music: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 76:2 Ps 76:1AV |
נוֹדָ֣ע בִּֽיהוּדָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל גָּד֥וֹל שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
God is known in Judah; His name is great in Israel. |
|
| Ps 76:3 Ps 76:2AV |
וַיְהִ֣י בְשָׁלֵ֣ם סֻכּ֑וֹ וּמְע֖וֹנָת֣וֹ בְצִיּֽוֹן׃ |
And in Salem is his booth, And his dwelling is in Zion. |
Salem ← Shalem, but we retain the AV / traditional English name, as in Gen 14:18. Salem is the Jebusite name for Jerusalem [CB].
booth: or tabernacle, as in the Festival of Tabernacles; not the word for tabernacle of Ex 25:9. |
| Ps 76:4 Ps 76:3AV |
שָׁ֭מָּה שִׁבַּ֣ר רִשְׁפֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת מָגֵ֬ן וְחֶ֖רֶב וּמִלְחָמָ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ |
There, he broke the bolts of the bow, The shield and the sword and the battle. Selah. |
bolts of the bow ← lightning bolts of the bow, i.e. arrows. |
| Ps 76:5 Ps 76:4AV |
נָ֭אוֹר אַתָּ֥ה אַדִּ֗יר מֵֽהַרְרֵי־טָֽרֶף׃ |
You are more illustrious and excellent Than the mountains with their prey. |
with their prey ← of prey. [CB] differs (which had become prey). |
| Ps 76:6 Ps 76:5AV |
אֶשְׁתּוֹלְל֨וּ ׀ אַבִּ֣ירֵי לֵ֭ב נָמ֣וּ שְׁנָתָ֑ם וְלֹא־מָצְא֖וּ כָל־אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֣יִל יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ |
The stout-hearted have been spoiled; They have slumbered in their sleep. And none of their valiant men have found their grip. |
have been spoiled: in an Aramaic form.
none ← all ... not. grip ← hands. |
| Ps 76:7 Ps 76:6AV |
מִ֭גַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב נִ֝רְדָּ֗ם וְרֶ֣כֶב וָסֽוּס׃ |
At your rebuke, O God of Jacob, Both chariot and horse sink down stupefied. |
|
| Ps 76:8 Ps 76:7AV |
אַתָּ֤ה ׀ נ֥וֹרָא אַ֗תָּה וּמִֽי־יַעֲמֹ֥ד לְפָנֶ֗יךָ מֵאָ֥ז אַפֶּֽךָ׃ |
You yourself are fearsome, And who can stand before you From the moment of your anger? |
|
| Ps 76:9 Ps 76:8AV |
מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ דִּ֑ין אֶ֖רֶץ יָֽרְאָ֣ה וְשָׁקָֽטָה׃ |
You have proclaimed judgment from heaven; The earth feared and was silent. |
|
| Ps 76:10 Ps 76:9AV |
בְּקוּם־לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט אֱלֹהִ֑ים לְהוֹשִׁ֖יעַ כָּל־עַנְוֵי־אֶ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה׃ |
When you rose up for judgment, O God, It was to save all the meek of the earth. Selah. |
|
| Ps 76:11 Ps 76:10AV |
כִּֽי־חֲמַ֣ת אָדָ֣ם תּוֹדֶ֑ךָּ שְׁאֵרִ֖ית חֵמֹ֣ת תַּחְגֹּֽר׃ |
For the fury of man will be to your praise When you suppress the remaining fury. |
suppress ← gird. |
| Ps 76:12 Ps 76:11AV |
נִֽדֲר֣וּ וְשַׁלְּמוּ֮ לַיהוָ֪ה אֱֽלֹהֵ֫יכֶ֥ם כָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יו יוֹבִ֥ילוּ שַׁ֝֗י לַמּוֹרָֽא׃ |
Make vows to the Lord your God, And fulfil them. Let all who are round about him Bring a gift to the fearsome one. |
|
| Ps 76:13 Ps 76:12AV |
יִ֭בְצֹר ר֣וּחַ נְגִידִ֑ים נ֝וֹרָ֗א לְמַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
He will cut the spirit of leaders off; He is fearsome to the kings of the earth. |
|
| Ps 77:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־*ידיתון **יְדוּת֗וּן לְאָסָ֥ף מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster on {Q: Jeduthun} [K: Jedithun].↑
A Psalm of Asaph. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Jeduthun (qeré), Jedithun (ketiv): see Ps 62:1. |
| Ps 77:2 Ps 77:1AV |
קוֹלִ֣י אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים וְאֶצְעָ֑קָה קוֹלִ֥י אֶל־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים וְהַאֲזִ֥ין אֵלָֽי׃ |
My voice is directed to God, And I cry out. My voice is directed to God, And he listens to me. |
|
| Ps 77:3 Ps 77:2AV |
בְּי֥וֹם צָרָתִי֮ אֲדֹנָ֪י דָּ֫רָ֥שְׁתִּי יָדִ֤י ׀ לַ֣יְלָה נִ֭גְּרָה וְלֹ֣א תָפ֑וּג מֵאֲנָ֖ה הִנָּחֵ֣ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
On the day of my adversity, I sought the Lord*. My hand was spread out at night, And it did not become weary. My inner being refused to be comforted. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
my hand was spread out ← ... poured out. AV differs (my sore ran). weary ← numb. inner being ← soul. |
| Ps 77:4 Ps 77:3AV |
אֶזְכְּרָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים וְאֶֽהֱמָיָ֑ה אָשִׂ֓יחָה ׀ וְתִתְעַטֵּ֖ף רוּחִ֣י סֶֽלָה׃ |
I remember God, But I am agitated; I commune, But my spirit faints. Selah. |
|
| Ps 77:5 Ps 77:4AV |
אָ֭חַזְתָּ שְׁמֻר֣וֹת עֵינָ֑י נִ֝פְעַ֗מְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ |
You have taken hold of my eyelids; I am disturbed And cannot speak. |
my eyelids ← guardians of my eyes. |
| Ps 77:6 Ps 77:5AV |
חִשַּׁ֣בְתִּי יָמִ֣ים מִקֶּ֑דֶם שְׁ֝נ֗וֹת עוֹלָמִֽים׃ |
I have considered days of antiquity And years of ancient times. |
ancient times ← ages.
Compare this verse with Deut 32:7. |
| Ps 77:7 Ps 77:6AV |
אֶֽזְכְּרָ֥ה נְגִינָתִ֗י בַּ֫לָּ֥יְלָה עִם־לְבָבִ֥י אָשִׂ֑יחָה וַיְחַפֵּ֥שׂ רוּחִֽי׃ |
I remember my song at night; I commune with my heart, And my spirit searches matters. |
|
| Ps 77:8 Ps 77:7AV |
הַֽ֭לְעוֹלָמִים יִזְנַ֥ח ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֖יף לִרְצ֣וֹת עֽוֹד׃ |
Will the Lord* reject us throughout the ages And not take pleasure in us any more? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 77:9 Ps 77:8AV |
הֶאָפֵ֣ס לָנֶ֣צַח חַסְדּ֑וֹ גָּ֥מַר אֹ֝֗מֶר לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
Will his kindness come to a complete end? Has his communication, Which was for generation after generation, Ceased? |
a complete end ← an end in perpetuity, but see Ps 74:1. |
| Ps 77:10 Ps 77:9AV |
הֲשָׁכַ֣ח חַנּ֣וֹת אֵ֑ל אִם־קָפַ֥ץ בְּ֝אַ֗ף רַחֲמָ֥יו סֶֽלָה׃ |
Has God forgotten to be gracious? Has he shut off his mercies in anger? Selah. |
|
| Ps 77:11 Ps 77:10AV |
וָ֭אֹמַר חַלּ֣וֹתִי הִ֑יא שְׁ֝נ֗וֹת יְמִ֣ין עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
Then I said, “This is me underrating The years of the right hand of the Most High. |
me underrating ← my making weak, with gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs (my infirmity), and it supplies but I will remember. |
| Ps 77:12 Ps 77:11AV |
*אזכיר **אֶזְכּ֥וֹר מַֽעַלְלֵי־יָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אֶזְכְּרָ֖ה מִקֶּ֣דֶם פִּלְאֶֽךָ׃ |
I will {K: make mention of} [Q: remember] the works of the Lord, For I remember your wonder of ancient time.” |
wonder: AV differs (wonders). |
| Ps 77:13 Ps 77:12AV |
וְהָגִ֥יתִי בְכָל־פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ וּֽבַעֲלִ֖ילוֹתֶ֣יךָ אָשִֽׂיחָה׃ |
So I meditated on all your work, And I spoke of your deeds. |
|
| Ps 77:14 Ps 77:13AV |
אֱ֭לֹהִים בַּקֹּ֣דֶשׁ דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ מִי־אֵ֥ל גָּ֝ד֗וֹל כֵּֽאלֹהִֽים׃ |
O God, your way is to be found in the sanctuary. Who is a great God like God? |
|
| Ps 77:15 Ps 77:14AV |
אַתָּ֣ה הָ֭אֵל עֹ֣שֵׂה פֶ֑לֶא הוֹדַ֖עְתָּ בָעַמִּ֣ים עֻזֶּֽךָ׃ |
You are the God who works wondrously; You have made your might known among the various peoples. |
|
| Ps 77:16 Ps 77:15AV |
גָּאַ֣לְתָּ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ עַמֶּ֑ךָ בְּנֵי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְיוֹסֵ֣ף סֶֽלָה׃ |
By your arm you have redeemed your people – The sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah. |
|
| Ps 77:17 Ps 77:16AV |
רָ֘א֤וּךָ מַּ֨יִם ׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים רָא֣וּךָ מַּ֣יִם יָחִ֑ילוּ אַ֝֗ף יִרְגְּז֥וּ תְהֹמֽוֹת׃ |
The waters see you, O God; The waters see you and swirl. The oceans rage as well. |
oceans ← deeps, abysses. |
| Ps 77:18 Ps 77:17AV |
זֹ֤רְמוּ מַ֨יִם ׀ עָב֗וֹת ק֭וֹל נָתְנ֣וּ שְׁחָקִ֑ים אַף־חֲ֝צָצֶ֗יךָ יִתְהַלָּֽכוּ׃ |
The clouds pour down water; The skies emit a noise, And your flashes fork off all around. |
flashes ← dividings, or arrows, but here for lightning flashes. |
| Ps 77:19 Ps 77:18AV |
ק֤וֹל רַעַמְךָ֨ ׀ בַּגַּלְגַּ֗ל הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקִ֣ים תֵּבֵ֑ל רָגְזָ֖ה וַתִּרְעַ֣שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
There is the sound of your rolling thunder, Lightning flashes illuminate the world; The earth rages and shakes. |
rolling ← with the wheel. AV differs (in heaven). |
| Ps 77:20 Ps 77:19AV |
בַּיָּ֤ם דַּרְכֶּ֗ךָ *ושביליך **וּֽ֭שְׁבִֽילְךָ בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝עִקְּבוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א נֹדָֽעוּ׃ |
In the sea there is your way, And your {K: paths are} [Q: path is] in great waters, But your tracks are not known. |
|
| Ps 77:21 Ps 77:20AV |
נָחִ֣יתָ כַצֹּ֣אן עַמֶּ֑ךָ בְּֽיַד־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן׃ |
You have led your people like sheep, Through the intermediacy of Moses and Aaron. |
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Ps 78:1 | מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף הַאֲזִ֣ינָה עַ֭מִּי תּוֹרָתִ֑י הַטּ֥וּ אָ֝זְנְכֶ֗ם לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
An Instructive Psalm of Asaph.
Listen, my people, to my law; Incline your ears to the words of my mouth. |
Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1.
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Ps 78:2 | אֶפְתְּחָ֣ה בְמָשָׁ֣ל פִּ֑י אַבִּ֥יעָה חִ֝יד֗וֹת מִנִּי־קֶֽדֶם׃ |
I will open my mouth with a proverb; I will utter riddles of ancient time, |
Matt 13:35. |
| Ps 78:3 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃ |
Which we have heard, And we know them, For our fathers related them to us. |
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Ps 78:4 | לֹ֤א נְכַחֵ֨ד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶ֗ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן מְֽ֭סַפְּרִים תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה׃ |
We will not hide them from their sons. Up to the last generation we will relate the praiseworthy things of the Lord, As well as his strength and his wondrous deeds Which he has performed. |
|
| Ps 78:5 | וַיָּ֤קֶם עֵד֨וּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֗ב וְתוֹרָה֮ שָׂ֤ם בְּיִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִ֭וָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ לְ֝הוֹדִיעָ֗ם לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Indeed, he has established a testimony in Jacob, And he has set up a law in Israel, Which he commanded our fathers To make known to their sons, |
|
| Ps 78:6 | לְמַ֤עַן יֵדְע֨וּ ׀ דּ֣וֹר אַ֭חֲרוֹן בָּנִ֣ים יִוָּלֵ֑דוּ יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
So that the last generation may know. Sons that are to be born must rise up, And tell their sons in turn. |
|
| Ps 78:7 | וְיָשִׂ֥ימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֫סְלָ֥ם וְלֹ֣א יִ֭שְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵ֑ל וּמִצְוֺתָ֥יו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃ |
And they must put their hope in God And not forget the works of God, And they must keep his commandments. |
|
| Ps 78:8 | וְלֹ֤א יִהְי֨וּ ׀ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֗ם דּוֹר֮ סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה דּ֭וֹר לֹא־הֵכִ֣ין לִבּ֑וֹ וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ׃ |
Furthermore they must not be like their fathers – A refractory and rebellious generation, A generation who did not prepare their heart, And whose spirit was not faithful to God. |
|
| Ps 78:9 | בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת הָ֝פְכ֗וּ בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב׃ |
The sons of Ephraim – Armed archers – Turned back on the day of battle. |
archers ← shooters of the bow. |
| Ps 78:10 | לֹ֣א שָׁ֭מְרוּ בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים וּ֝בְתוֹרָת֗וֹ מֵאֲנ֥וּ לָלֶֽכֶת׃ |
They did not keep God's covenant, And they refused to walk in his law. |
|
| Ps 78:11 | וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם׃ |
And they forgot his works and his wonders Which he had shown them. |
|
| Ps 78:12 | נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃ |
He worked marvels in the sight of their fathers, In the land of Egypt – In the countryside of Zoan. |
|
| Ps 78:13 | בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵֽד׃ |
He divided the sea and ushered them across; He made the water stand like a mound, |
|
| Ps 78:14 | וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃ |
And he led them in the cloud by day, And all night long by a fiery light. |
fiery light ← light of fire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 78:15 | יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃ |
And he split rocks in the desert So as to give drink as from a great depth. |
|
| Ps 78:16 | וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃ |
And he brought a stream out of hard terrain, And he made waters flow down like rivers. |
|
| Ps 78:17 | וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֭וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃ |
But they still sinned against him again, In rebelling against the Most High In an arid land. |
in rebelling: gerundial use of the infinitive, here hiphil, in a contracted form. |
| Ps 78:18 | וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃ |
And they tested God in their heart, By asking for food for their appetite. |
by asking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
appetite ← soul. |
| Ps 78:19 | וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
So they spoke against God and they said, “Can God lay a table in the desert?” |
|
| Ps 78:20 | הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֪ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃ |
Behold, he struck a rock, And water flowed, And streams overflowed. “Is he able to provide bread too? Can he prepare meat for his people?” |
|
| Ps 78:21 | לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
So when the Lord heard it, He became irate, And a fire was kindled against Jacob, And anger with Israel arose too. |
|
| Ps 78:22 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃ |
For they did not believe in God, And they did not have faith in his salvation. |
|
| Ps 78:23 | וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח׃ |
Then he commanded the skies above, And he opened the gates of the heavens. |
|
| Ps 78:24 | וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And he rained manna on them to eat, And he gave them heavenly grain. |
John 6:31.
heavenly grain ← grain of heaven, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 78:25 | לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃ |
Man ate the food of the mighty ones; He sent them provisions to satiety. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
mighty ones: AV differs (angels), as in ancient versions. |
| Ps 78:26 | יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן׃ |
He set an east wind in motion in the sky, And he drove a south wind by his strength. |
|
| Ps 78:27 | וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף׃ |
Then he rained meat on them like dust, And winged fowl like the sand of the sea. |
|
| Ps 78:28 | וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃ |
And he made it fall in the middle of his encampment, All around his tent sites. |
his tent sites ← his tabernacles. We refer his to the Lord's. AV differs (their habitations). |
| Ps 78:29 | וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם׃ |
So they ate and were very much satiated, For he had brought them what they desired. |
what they desired ← their desire. |
| Ps 78:30 | לֹא־זָר֥וּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃ |
They were not averse to their desire. When, with their food still in their mouths, |
when: from the vav in the next verse. |
| Ps 78:31 | וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃ |
God's anger arose over them, He killed those of their company who were fat, And he brought down the youths of Israel. |
|
| Ps 78:32 | בְּכָל־זֹ֭את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃ |
In spite of all this they still sinned, And they did not have faith in his wonders. |
|
| Ps 78:33 | וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃ |
So he ended their days in vacuity, And their years in fear. |
|
| Ps 78:34 | אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃ |
When he was killing them, They sought him, And they diligently searched for God again. |
diligently searched ← dawn-searched. |
| Ps 78:35 | וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃ |
And they remembered that God was their rock, And that the Most High God was their redeemer. |
|
| Ps 78:36 | וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃ |
Yet they dealt with him deceitfully with their mouths, And they dealt with him dishonestly with their tongues. |
|
| Ps 78:37 | וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃ |
And their heart was not right with him, And they were not faithful to his covenant. |
|
| Ps 78:38 | וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ |
Yet he is merciful; He expiates iniquity, And he did not bring them to ruin. And he went to great lengths in averting his anger, And he did not arouse all his fury. |
went to great lengths ← increased; did much.
in averting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 78:39 | וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב׃ |
For he remembered that they were flesh – A wind that goes and does not return. |
|
| Ps 78:40 | כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃ |
How often they rebelled against him in the desert And grieved him in the wasteland! |
|
| Ps 78:41 | וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל וּקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִתְווּ׃ |
Then they tempted God again; They limited the holy one of Israel. |
limited: or grieved. Limited in the sense of considering God unable to do certain things. |
| Ps 78:42 | לֹא־זָכְר֥וּ אֶת־יָד֑וֹ י֝֗וֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ם מִנִּי־צָֽר׃ |
They did not remember his intervention – The day when he redeemed them from adversity, |
intervention ← hand, perhaps standing for power. |
| Ps 78:43 | אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃ |
When he performed his signs in Egypt And his miracles in the countryside of Zoan, |
|
| Ps 78:44 | וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃ |
When he changed their rivers to blood So that they could not drink their liquids. |
they could not drink their liquids: AV differs (and their floods, that they could not drink). |
| Ps 78:45 | יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃ |
He sent the gadfly on them to devour them, And frogs to molest them. |
|
| Ps 78:46 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃ |
Then he gave their produce to the consuming locust, And the results of their toil to the swarming locust. |
|
| Ps 78:47 | יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃ |
He destroyed their vines with hail, And their sycamore fig trees with frost. |
|
| Ps 78:48 | וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃ |
And he consigned their cattle to hail, And their livestock to bolts of lightning. |
|
| Ps 78:49 | יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃ |
He sent the fury of his anger on them – Wrath and indignation and opposition, And a deputation of harmful angels. |
harmful angels ← angels of harms, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 78:50 | יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃ |
Then he considered the course of his anger. He did not spare their very selves from death, And he consigned their life to pestilence. |
very selves ← souls. A proof verse that “souls” are not immortal, which is why we are economical with the word soul in our translation. Compare Ezek 18:4. |
| Ps 78:51 | וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃ |
Then he struck down every firstborn in Egypt – The prime of their strength in the tents of Ham. |
|
| Ps 78:52 | וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
Then he moved his people like sheep, And he led them like a flock in the desert. |
|
| Ps 78:53 | וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃ |
And he conducted them safely So that they did not fear anything, But the sea covered their enemies. |
|
| Ps 78:54 | וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ׃ |
And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary – The mountain which his right hand had acquired. |
the mountain which: we take זֶה as a relative pronoun. AV differs, but it has a similar translation apart from italicization. |
| Ps 78:55 | וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Then he drove out nations before them, And he assigned them an inheritance by apportionment, And he installed the tribes of Israel in their tents. |
apportionment ← cord, measuring line. |
| Ps 78:56 | וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃ |
But they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God, And they did not keep his testimonies. |
his testimonies: i.e. what he testified about. |
| Ps 78:57 | וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
And they slid back, And they dealt treacherously like their fathers, And they changed direction like a crooked bow shot. |
a crooked bow shot ← a bow of deceit, but including the flight of the arrow. |
| Ps 78:58 | וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃ |
And they provoked him to anger with their idolatrous raised sites, And they stirred him to jealousy with their carved images. |
|
| Ps 78:59 | שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
God heard and became irate, And he greatly disdained Israel. |
|
| Ps 78:60 | וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃ |
And he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh – The tent he installed among men. |
|
| Ps 78:61 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃ |
And he delivered his strength into captivity, And his splendour into the hand of an adversary. |
his strength: i.e., [CB], the ark of the covenant, Ex 25:10. |
| Ps 78:62 | וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃ |
And he consigned his people to the sword, Whilst he became irate over his inheritance. |
|
| Ps 78:63 | בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ׃ |
Fire consumed his young men, And his virgins had no celebration. |
had no celebration ← were not praised / celebrated, referring to marriage. |
| Ps 78:64 | כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃ |
His priests fell by the sword, And his widows did not lament. |
lament ← weep. |
| Ps 78:65 | וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן׃ |
Then the Lord* awoke As if from being asleep, Like a warrior rejoicing from wine. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
rejoicing: from root רָנַן, or subdued, from root רוּן. |
| Ps 78:66 | וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃ |
And he beat his adversaries back; He gave them age-abiding reproach. |
|
| Ps 78:67 | וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר׃ |
And he rejected the tent of Joseph, And he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim, |
|
| Ps 78:68 | וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב׃ |
But he chose the tribe of Judah, And Mount Zion which he loves. |
|
| Ps 78:69 | וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
And he built his sanctuary as an elevation, Like the earth which he founded age-abidingly. |
an elevation ← high (things, places), heights. |
| Ps 78:70 | וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃ |
Then he chose David his servant, And he took him from the sheepfolds. |
|
| Ps 78:71 | מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱ֫בִיא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ |
He brought him from looking after dairy cattle To tending Jacob his people And Israel his inheritance. |
|
| Ps 78:72 | וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃ |
And he tended them wholeheartedly, And he led them in his wise care. |
his wise care ← intelligence of his palms. |
| Ps 79:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֱֽלֹהִ֡ים בָּ֤אוּ גוֹיִ֨ם ׀ בְּֽנַחֲלָתֶ֗ךָ טִ֭מְּאוּ אֶת־הֵיכַ֣ל קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ שָׂ֖מוּ אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לְעִיִּֽים׃ |
A Psalm of Asaph.
O God, the Gentiles have come into your inheritance, They have defiled your holy temple; They have made Jerusalem heaps of ruins. |
your holy temple ← the temple of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 79:2 | נָֽתְנ֡וּ אֶת־נִבְלַ֬ת עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ מַ֭אֲכָל לְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בְּשַׂ֥ר חֲ֝סִידֶ֗יךָ לְחַיְתוֹ־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
They have given the corpses of your servants As food for the birds of the sky, And the flesh of those under your grace To the beasts of the earth. |
|
| Ps 79:3 | שָׁפְכ֬וּ דָמָ֨ם ׀ כַּמַּ֗יִם סְֽבִ֘יב֤וֹת יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם וְאֵ֣ין קוֹבֵֽר׃ |
They have shed their blood like water around Jerusalem, And there is no-one to bury them. |
|
| Ps 79:4 | הָיִ֣ינוּ חֶ֭רְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ לַ֥עַג וָ֝קֶ֗לֶס לִסְבִיבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
We were a reproach to our neighbours – Derision and ridicule to those around us. |
|
| Ps 79:5 | עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תֶּאֱנַ֣ף לָנֶ֑צַח תִּבְעַ֥ר כְּמוֹ־אֵ֝֗שׁ קִנְאָתֶֽךָ׃ |
How long, O Lord, will you constantly be angry, And will your zeal burn like fire? |
|
| Ps 79:6 | שְׁפֹ֤ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֨ אֶֽל־הַגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֪ר לֹא־יְדָ֫ע֥וּךָ וְעַ֥ל מַמְלָכ֑וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ֗ לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃ |
Pour out your wrath on the Gentiles Who have not known you, And on the kingdoms Which have not called on your name. |
|| Jer 10:25. |
| Ps 79:7 | כִּ֭י אָכַ֣ל אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְֽאֶת־נָוֵ֥הוּ הֵשַֽׁמּוּ׃ |
For he has devoured Jacob, And they have devastated his abode. |
|| Jer 10:25.
he: i.e., [CB], the enemy. AV differs (they). |
| Ps 79:8 | אַֽל־תִּזְכָּר־לָנוּ֮ עֲוֺנֹ֪ת רִאשֹׁ֫נִ֥ים מַ֭הֵר יְקַדְּמ֣וּנוּ רַחֲמֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י דַלּ֣וֹנוּ מְאֹֽד׃ |
Do not call former iniquities to remembrance to our account. May your mercies go swiftly in front of us, For we have been very much weakened. |
|
| Ps 79:9 | עָזְרֵ֤נוּ ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׁעֵ֗נוּ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר כְּבֽוֹד־שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וְהַצִּילֵ֥נוּ וְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־חַ֝טֹּאתֵ֗ינוּ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Help us, O God of our salvation, For the sake of the glory of your name, And deliver us and atone for our sins, For your name's sake. |
|
| Ps 79:10 | לָ֤מָּה ׀ יֹאמְר֣וּ הַגּוֹיִם֮ אַיֵּ֪ה אֱֽלֹהֵ֫יהֶ֥ם יִוָּדַ֣ע *בגיים **בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם לְעֵינֵ֑ינוּ נִ֝קְמַ֗ת דַּֽם־עֲבָדֶ֥יךָ הַשָּׁפֽוּךְ׃ |
Why should the Gentiles say, “Where is their God?” Let him be known among the Gentiles in our sight By vengeance for the blood of your servants Which has been shed. |
among the Gentiles: the ketiv can be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré. A yod / vav issue.
why should the Gentiles say (etc.): compare Joel 2:17. |
| Ps 79:11 | תָּ֤ב֣וֹא לְפָנֶיךָ֮ אֶנְקַ֪ת אָ֫סִ֥יר כְּגֹ֥דֶל זְרוֹעֲךָ֑ ה֝וֹתֵ֗ר בְּנֵ֣י תְמוּתָֽה׃ |
May the prisoner's groan come before you. According to the greatness of your power, Preserve those condemned to die. |
power ← arm.
those condemned to die ← sons of death. |
| Ps 79:12 | וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם אֶל־חֵיקָ֑ם חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר חֵרְפ֣וּךָ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ |
Pay our neighbours back sevenfold in their bosom The reproach with which they have reproached you, O Lord*. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 79:13 | וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּ עַמְּךָ֨ ׀ וְצֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתֶךָ֮ נ֤וֹדֶ֥ה לְּךָ֗ לְע֫וֹלָ֥ם לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֑ר נְ֝סַפֵּ֗ר תְּהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
But we, your people and the sheep of your pasture, Will thank you age-abidingly; From generation to generation We will relate your praise. |
|
| Ps 80:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּ֑ים עֵד֖וּת לְאָסָ֣ף מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster in Shoshannim-Eduth.↑
A Psalm of Asaph. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
Shoshannim-Eduth ← Lilies of Testimony. |
| Ps 80:2 Ps 80:1AV |
רֹ֘עֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל ׀ הַאֲזִ֗ינָה נֹהֵ֣ג כַּצֹּ֣אן יוֹסֵ֑ף יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַכְּרוּבִ֣ים הוֹפִֽיעָה׃ |
Do listen, O shepherd of Israel, You who lead Joseph like sheep, And shine forth, You who dwell between the cherubim, |
|
| Ps 80:3 Ps 80:2AV |
לִפְנֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֨יִם ׀ וּבִנְיָ֘מִ֤ן וּמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה עוֹרְרָ֥ה אֶת־גְּבֽוּרָתֶ֑ךָ וּלְכָ֖ה לִישֻׁעָ֣תָה לָּֽנוּ׃ |
Do rouse your valour before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, And come to our salvation. |
|
| Ps 80:4 Ps 80:3AV |
אֱלֹהִ֥ים הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃ |
O God, restore us, And let your face shine, And let us be saved. |
let your face shine: i.e. be propitious. |
| Ps 80:5 Ps 80:4AV |
יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֑וֹת עַד־מָתַ֥י עָ֝שַׁ֗נְתָּ בִּתְפִלַּ֥ת עַמֶּֽךָ׃ |
O Lord God of hosts, How long will you be fuming At the prayer of your people? |
|
| Ps 80:6 Ps 80:5AV |
הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּם לֶ֣חֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹ בִּדְמָע֥וֹת שָׁלִֽישׁ׃ |
You have fed them with bread of tears; You have given them a third measure of tears to drink. |
third measure: if the measure is an ephah, then the third measure is about 2 imperial gallons or 9 litres. |
| Ps 80:7 Ps 80:6AV |
תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ מָ֭דוֹן לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ וְ֝אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ יִלְעֲגוּ־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
You make us an object of contention with our neighbours, And our enemies poke fun. |
poke fun ← poke fun for themselves, or, with a change of pronoun (not uncommon in Hebrew), poke fun at them. |
| Ps 80:8 Ps 80:7AV |
אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃ |
O God of hosts, restore us, And let your face shine, And let us be saved. |
let your face shine: see Ps 80:4 (Ps 80:3AV). |
| Ps 80:9 Ps 80:8AV |
גֶּ֭פֶן מִמִּצְרַ֣יִם תַּסִּ֑יעַ תְּגָרֵ֥שׁ גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם וַתִּטָּעֶֽהָ׃ |
You removed a vine from Egypt; You drove out Gentiles and planted it. |
|
| Ps 80:10 Ps 80:9AV |
פִּנִּ֥יתָ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ וַתַּשְׁרֵ֥שׁ שָׁ֝רָשֶׁ֗יהָ וַתְּמַלֵּא־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
You made preparations for it, And it took root, And it filled the land. |
for it ← ahead of it.
it took root: AV differs (thou ... didst cause ... to take ... root), which is highly plausible, but [AnLx] and [BDB] do not admit a causative sense. land: or earth. |
| Ps 80:11 Ps 80:10AV |
כָּסּ֣וּ הָרִ֣ים צִלָּ֑הּ וַ֝עֲנָפֶ֗יהָ אַֽרְזֵי־אֵֽל׃ |
The mountains were covered by its shade, And the mighty cedars by its boughs. |
mighty cedars ← cedars of God, expressing an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6, but not the same word for God here. We take the vine to ↴ |
| Ps 80:12 Ps 80:11AV |
תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח קְצִירֶ֣הָ עַד־יָ֑ם וְאֶל־נָ֝הָ֗ר יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
It sent its branches as far as the sea, And its suckers to the river. |
↳ be greater than even the mighty cedars. AV differs in the clause (the boughs thereof were like the goodly cedars), also possible. |
| Ps 80:13 Ps 80:12AV |
לָ֭מָּה פָּרַ֣צְתָּ גְדֵרֶ֑יהָ וְ֝אָר֗וּהָ כָּל־עֹ֥בְרֵי דָֽרֶךְ׃ |
Why have you broken down its fences, So that everyone passing through that way plucks it? |
|
| Ps 80:14 Ps 80:13AV |
יְכַרְסְמֶ֣נָּֽה חֲזִ֣יר מִיָּ֑עַר וְזִ֖יז שָׂדַ֣י יִרְעֶֽנָּה׃ |
The boar from the forest devours it, And the wildlife of the countryside feeds on it. |
|
| Ps 80:15 Ps 80:14AV |
אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָאוֹת֮ שֽׁ֫וּב־נָ֥א הַבֵּ֣ט מִשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּרְאֵ֑ה וּ֝פְקֹ֗ד גֶּ֣פֶן זֹֽאת׃ |
O God of hosts, do return; Oh look from heaven and see, And visit this vine, |
|
| Ps 80:16 Ps 80:15AV |
וְ֭כַנָּה אֲשֶׁר־נָטְעָ֣ה יְמִינֶ֑ךָ וְעַל־בֵּ֝֗ן אִמַּ֥צְתָּה לָּֽךְ׃ |
And the stock which your right hand planted, And the offshoot which you invigorated for yourself. |
offshoot ← son. |
| Ps 80:17 Ps 80:16AV |
שְׂרֻפָ֣ה בָאֵ֣שׁ כְּסוּחָ֑ה מִגַּעֲרַ֖ת פָּנֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
It has been burned with fire; It has been cut off. They will be annihilated at the rebuke of your face. |
|
| Ps 80:18 Ps 80:17AV |
תְּֽהִי־יָ֭דְךָ עַל־אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינֶ֑ךָ עַל־בֶּן־אָ֝דָ֗ם אִמַּ֥צְתָּ לָּֽךְ׃ |
May your hand be on the man of your right hand – On the son of Adam whom you invigorated for yourself – |
|
| Ps 80:19 Ps 80:18AV |
וְלֹא־נָס֥וֹג מִמֶּ֑ךָּ תְּ֝חַיֵּ֗נוּ וּבְשִׁמְךָ֥ נִקְרָֽא׃ |
Then we will not slide back from you. Revitalize us, and we will call on your name. |
revitalize: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28. |
| Ps 80:20 Ps 80:19AV |
יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ הָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה׃ |
O Lord God of hosts, Restore us, And let your face shine, And let us be saved. |
let your face shine: see Ps 80:4 (Ps 80:3AV). |
| Ps 81:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ עַֽל־הַגִּתִּ֬ית לְאָסָֽף׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to percussion instruments.↑
A Psalm of Asaph. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to percussion instruments: see Ps 8:1. |
| Ps 81:2 Ps 81:1AV |
הַ֭רְנִינוּ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים עוּזֵּ֑נוּ הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
Sing for joy to God our strength; Shout out to the God of Jacob. |
|
| Ps 81:3 Ps 81:2AV |
שְֽׂאוּ־זִ֭מְרָה וּתְנוּ־תֹ֑ף כִּנּ֖וֹר נָעִ֣ים עִם־נָֽבֶל׃ |
Raise a melody and play the drum And the pleasant harp with the lute. |
play ← give, set, strike. |
| Ps 81:4 Ps 81:3AV |
תִּקְע֣וּ בַחֹ֣דֶשׁ שׁוֹפָ֑ר בַּ֝כֵּ֗סֶה לְי֣וֹם חַגֵּֽנוּ׃ |
Blow the ramshorn at the new month – At the new moon And on the day of our festival. |
new moon: [BDB] has full moon. |
| Ps 81:5 Ps 81:4AV |
כִּ֤י חֹ֣ק לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֑וּא מִ֝שְׁפָּ֗ט לֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
For it is a statute for Israel – An injunction of the God of Jacob. |
|
| Ps 81:6 Ps 81:5AV |
עֵ֤דוּת ׀ בִּֽיה֘וֹסֵ֤ף שָׂמ֗וֹ בְּ֭צֵאתוֹ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם שְׂפַ֖ת לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ |
He appointed it as a testimony in Joseph When he came out in the face of the land of Egypt, When I heard a language Which I did not know. |
in Joseph: i.e. among Joseph's people.
in the face of ← against, or even to, but here in the sense of with opposition from. |
| Ps 81:7 Ps 81:6AV |
הֲסִיר֣וֹתִי מִסֵּ֣בֶל שִׁכְמ֑וֹ כַּ֝פָּ֗יו מִדּ֥וּד תַּעֲבֹֽרְנָה׃ |
“I relieved his shoulder of a burden; His hands were perishing from the brick-basket. |
The speaker becomes God up to the end of the psalm.
were perishing: AV differs (were delivered), perhaps reading תַּעֲבֵרְנָה (hiphil). |
| Ps 81:8 Ps 81:7AV |
בַּצָּרָ֥ה קָרָ֗אתָ וָאֲחַ֫לְּצֶ֥ךָּ אֶ֭עֶנְךָ בְּסֵ֣תֶר רַ֑עַם אֶבְחָֽנְךָ֨ עַל־מֵ֖י מְרִיבָ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ |
You cried out in adversity, And I delivered you; I answered you with thunder secretly. I tested you at the waters of Meribah. Selah. |
|
| Ps 81:9 Ps 81:8AV |
שְׁמַ֣ע עַ֭מִּי וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֑ךְ יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל אִם־תִּֽשְׁמַֽע־לִֽי׃ |
Hear, O my people, And I will testify to you. O Israel, if you will hear me, |
testify to: or testify against. |
| Ps 81:10 Ps 81:9AV |
לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה בְ֭ךָ אֵ֣ל זָ֑ר וְלֹ֥א תִ֝שְׁתַּחֲוֶ֗ה לְאֵ֣ל נֵכָֽר׃ |
Do not let there be any strange god among you, And do not worship any foreign god. |
|
| Ps 81:11 Ps 81:10AV |
אָנֹכִ֨י ׀ יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ הַֽ֭מַּעַלְךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הַרְחֶב־פִּ֝֗יךָ וַאֲמַלְאֵֽהוּ׃ |
I am the Lord your God, Who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. Open your mouth wide And I will fill it. |
|
| Ps 81:12 Ps 81:11AV |
וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע עַמִּ֣י לְקוֹלִ֑י וְ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹא־אָ֥בָה לִֽי׃ |
But my people did not heed me, And Israel did not want me. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
heed me ← hear my voice. |
| Ps 81:13 Ps 81:12AV |
וָֽ֭אֲשַׁלְּחֵהוּ בִּשְׁרִיר֣וּת לִבָּ֑ם יֵ֝לְכ֗וּ בְּֽמוֹעֲצוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Then I let them go in the stubbornness of their heart, And they walked in their own counsels. |
|
| Ps 81:14 Ps 81:13AV |
ל֗וּ עַ֭מִּי שֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ לִ֑י יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל בִּדְרָכַ֥י יְהַלֵּֽכוּ׃ |
If only my people would listen to me, And Israel would walk in my ways! |
|
| Ps 81:15 Ps 81:14AV |
כִּ֭מְעַט אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֣ם אַכְנִ֑יעַ וְעַ֥ל צָ֝רֵיהֶ֗ם אָשִׁ֥יב יָדִֽי׃ |
I would soon have subdued their enemies And have turned my hand against their adversaries. |
|
| Ps 81:16 Ps 81:15AV |
מְשַׂנְאֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה יְכַֽחֲשׁוּ־ל֑וֹ וִיהִ֖י עִתָּ֣ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
Those who hate the Lord Would have feigned obedience to him. And their time would have been age-abiding. |
their time (etc.): i.e. Israel's lost time would have been part of a profitable age. |
| Ps 81:17 Ps 81:16AV |
וַֽ֭יַּאֲכִילֵהוּ מֵחֵ֣לֶב חִטָּ֑ה וּ֝מִצּ֗וּר דְּבַ֣שׁ אַשְׂבִּיעֶֽךָ׃ |
And he would have fed them with the best of the wheat, And I would have satisfied you with honey from a rock.” |
them ... you: a change of personal pronoun is not uncommon in Hebrew.
best ← fat. |
| Ps 82:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים נִצָּ֥ב בַּעֲדַת־אֵ֑ל בְּקֶ֖רֶב אֱלֹהִ֣ים יִשְׁפֹּֽט׃ |
A Psalm of Asaph.
God stands in a mighty congregation; He judges in the midst of gods. |
mighty congregation ← a congregation of God. An idiom for an extreme quality. See Gen 23:6, but the word for God there is different. See Ps 36:7 (Ps 36:6AV).
gods: or, possibly, judges. |
| Ps 82:2 | עַד־מָתַ֥י תִּשְׁפְּטוּ־עָ֑וֶל וּפְנֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תִּשְׂאוּ־סֶֽלָה׃ |
How long will you judge iniquitously And show partiality to the wicked? Selah. |
|
| Ps 82:3 | שִׁפְטוּ־דַ֥ל וְיָת֑וֹם עָנִ֖י וָרָ֣שׁ הַצְדִּֽיקוּ׃ |
Judge the case of the destitute and the orphan, And give justice to the needy and the impoverished. |
|
| Ps 82:4 | פַּלְּטוּ־דַ֥ל וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים הַצִּֽילוּ׃ |
Deliver the destitute and the poor; Rescue them from the hand of the wicked. |
|
| Ps 82:5 | לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ כָּל־מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
They do not know, And they do not understand. They walk around in darkness; All the foundations of the earth are shaken. |
|
| Ps 82:6 | אֲֽנִי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי אֱלֹהִ֣ים אַתֶּ֑ם וּבְנֵ֖י עֶלְי֣וֹן כֻּלְּכֶֽם׃ |
I have said, “You are gods And you are all sons of the Most High.” |
John 10:34.
gods: perhaps judges; compare Ps 82:1 and Ps 8:6 (Ps 8:5AV) (God), and Heb 2:7, where quoted (angels). See also Isa 41:23. |
| Ps 82:7 | אָ֭כֵן כְּאָדָ֣ם תְּמוּת֑וּן וּכְאַחַ֖ד הַשָּׂרִ֣ים תִּפֹּֽלוּ׃ |
But you will die like man And fall like any of the princes. |
man ← Adam.
any ← one of. |
| Ps 82:8 | קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים שָׁפְטָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה תִ֝נְחַ֗ל בְּכָל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ |
Arise, O God; Judge the earth, For you will inherit all the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 83:1 | שִׁ֖יר מִזְמ֣וֹר לְאָסָֽף׃ | A Song. A Psalm of Asaph. | |
| Ps 83:2 Ps 83:1AV |
אֱלֹהִ֥ים אַל־דֳּמִי־לָ֑ךְ אַל־תֶּחֱרַ֖שׁ וְאַל־תִּשְׁקֹ֣ט אֵֽל׃ |
O God, do not be silent. Do not be quiet, And do not be still, O God. |
do not be silent ← do not be silent for yourself. |
| Ps 83:3 Ps 83:2AV |
כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה א֭וֹיְבֶיךָ יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֶ֗יךָ נָ֣שְׂאוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃ |
For look, Your enemies are in a commotion, And those who hate you Have raised their head. |
have raised their head: this often means have become cheerful, but here are gloating. |
| Ps 83:4 Ps 83:3AV |
עַֽל־עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
They are being crafty in their counsel against your people, And they are plotting Against those treasured up by you. |
|
| Ps 83:5 Ps 83:4AV |
אָמְר֗וּ לְ֭כוּ וְנַכְחִידֵ֣ם מִגּ֑וֹי וְלֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֖ר שֵֽׁם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עֽוֹד׃ |
They have said, “Come, let us obliterate them So that they aren't a people, And the name of Israel is no longer remembered.” |
so that they aren't a people ← from (being) a people. |
| Ps 83:6 Ps 83:5AV |
כִּ֤י נוֹעֲצ֣וּ לֵ֣ב יַחְדָּ֑ו עָ֝לֶ֗יךָ בְּרִ֣ית יִכְרֹֽתוּ׃ |
For they have deliberated unanimously; They have made a covenant against you |
they have deliberated unanimously ← taken counsel a heart together. |
| Ps 83:7 Ps 83:6AV |
אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרִֽים׃ |
– The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites, |
Ishmaelites: see Gen 37:25.
Hagrites ← Hagrim / Hagrites. AV= Hagarenes. |
| Ps 83:8 Ps 83:7AV |
גְּבָ֣ל וְ֭עַמּוֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק פְּ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת עִם־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי צֽוֹר׃ |
Gebal and Ammon and Amalek, Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre. |
Philistia: AV= Philistines. |
| Ps 83:9 Ps 83:8AV |
גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃ |
Assyria has also joined up with them; They have become an arm to the sons of Lot. Selah. |
|
| Ps 83:10 Ps 83:9AV |
עֲשֵֽׂה־לָהֶ֥ם כְּמִדְיָ֑ן כְּֽסִֽיסְרָ֥א כְ֝יָבִ֗ין בְּנַ֣חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃ |
Do to them as with Midian – As to Sisera, as to Jabin, At the Brook of Kishon. |
Midian: AV= Midianites.
Kishon: AV differs (Kison), dating from the 1611 edition, but elsewhere Kishon. |
| Ps 83:11 Ps 83:10AV |
נִשְׁמְד֥וּ בְֽעֵין־דֹּ֑אר הָ֥יוּ דֹּ֝֗מֶן לָאֲדָמָֽה׃ |
They were destroyed in En-Dor; They became dung for the ground. |
|
| Ps 83:12 Ps 83:11AV |
שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ נְ֭דִיבֵמוֹ כְּעֹרֵ֣ב וְכִזְאֵ֑ב וּֽכְזֶ֥בַח וּ֝כְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע כָּל־נְסִיכֵֽמוֹ׃ |
Make their nobles like Oreb and like Zeeb, And all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna, |
|
| Ps 83:13 Ps 83:12AV |
אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָ֭מְרוּ נִ֣ירֲשָׁה לָּ֑נוּ אֵ֝֗ת נְא֣וֹת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
Who said, “Let us take possession of God's dwellings for ourselves.” |
|
| Ps 83:14 Ps 83:13AV |
אֱֽלֹהַ֗י שִׁיתֵ֥מוֹ כַגַּלְגַּ֑ל כְּ֝קַ֗שׁ לִפְנֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ |
O God of mine, make them like chaff – Like straw residue before the wind; |
|
| Ps 83:15 Ps 83:14AV |
כְּאֵ֥שׁ תִּבְעַר־יָ֑עַר וּ֝כְלֶהָבָ֗ה תְּלַהֵ֥ט הָרִֽים׃ |
Like fire that burns a forest And like a flame that sets mountains on fire. |
|
| Ps 83:16 Ps 83:15AV |
כֵּ֭ן תִּרְדְּפֵ֣ם בְּסַעֲרֶ֑ךָ וּבְסוּפָתְךָ֥ תְבַהֲלֵֽם׃ |
So you will pursue them with your tempest And terrify them with your whirlwind. |
|
| Ps 83:17 Ps 83:16AV |
מַלֵּ֣א פְנֵיהֶ֣ם קָל֑וֹן וִֽיבַקְשׁ֖וּ שִׁמְךָ֣ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Fill their faces with dishonour, And let them seek your name, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 83:18 Ps 83:17AV |
יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ עֲדֵי־עַ֗ד וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּ וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
Let them be ashamed and terrified in all perpetuity, And be disgraced and perish. |
in all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity. |
| Ps 83:19 Ps 83:18AV |
וְֽיֵדְע֗וּ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֬ה שִׁמְךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה לְבַדֶּ֑ךָ עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And they will know that you – Only your name is the Lord – Are the Most High over all the earth. |
Lord: AV differs (JEHOVAH). See Ex 6:3. |
| Ps 84:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־הַגִּתִּ֑ית לִבְנֵי־קֹ֥רַח מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster in singing set to percussion instruments.↑
For the sons of Korah, a Psalm. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
in singing set to percussion instruments: see Ps 8:1. |
| Ps 84:2 Ps 84:1AV |
מַה־יְּדִיד֥וֹת מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֶ֗יךָ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ |
How pleasant your tabernacles are, O Lord of hosts! |
|
| Ps 84:3 Ps 84:2AV |
נִכְסְפָ֬ה וְגַם־כָּלְתָ֨ה ׀ נַפְשִׁי֮ לְחַצְר֪וֹת יְה֫וָ֥ה לִבִּ֥י וּבְשָׂרִ֑י יְ֝רַנְּנ֗וּ אֶ֣ל אֵֽל־חָֽי׃ |
My being longs for, And even pines for, The courtyards of the Lord. My heart and flesh shout out To the living God. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 84:4 Ps 84:3AV |
גַּם־צִפּ֨וֹר ׀ מָ֪צְאָה בַ֡יִת וּדְר֤וֹר ׀ קֵ֥ן לָהּ֮ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֪תָה אֶפְרֹ֫חֶ֥יהָ אֶֽת־מִ֭זְבְּחוֹתֶיךָ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מַ֝לְכִּ֗י וֵאלֹהָֽי׃ |
Even the bird has found a home, And the swallow a nest for herself, Where she lays her brood. I long for your altars, O Lord of hosts – My king and my God. |
I long for: [CB] supplies I have found, but the sentiment is one of still longing, in contrast to the birds. |
| Ps 84:5 Ps 84:4AV |
אַ֭שְׁרֵי יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י בֵיתֶ֑ךָ ע֝֗וֹד יְֽהַלְל֥וּךָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
Happy are those who dwell in your house; They will repeatedly praise you. Selah. |
|
| Ps 84:6 Ps 84:5AV |
אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם עֽוֹז־ל֥וֹ בָ֑ךְ מְ֝סִלּ֗וֹת בִּלְבָבָֽם׃ |
Happy is the man Whose strength is in you. There are highways in their hearts. |
highways: i.e. God's highways of righteous ways.
hearts ← heart. |
| Ps 84:7 Ps 84:6AV |
עֹבְרֵ֤י ׀ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הַ֭בָּכָא מַעְיָ֣ן יְשִׁית֑וּהוּ גַּם־בְּ֝רָכ֗וֹת יַעְטֶ֥ה מוֹרֶֽה׃ |
Those who pass through the Valley of Baca Make it a water-source, Just as the early rain covers it in blessings. |
blessings: re-pointing to בְּרֵכוֹת it means pools.
Baca: i.e. weeping, the tears being likened to rain. Apparently weeping for joy here. just as ← also. |
| Ps 84:8 Ps 84:7AV |
יֵ֭לְכוּ מֵחַ֣יִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל יֵרָאֶ֖ה אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּצִיּֽוֹן׃ |
They go from strength to strength; He appears before God in Zion. |
he: [CB] relates this to the man of Ps 84:6 (Ps 84:5AV). |
| Ps 84:9 Ps 84:8AV |
יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְ֭בָאוֹת שִׁמְעָ֣ה תְפִלָּתִ֑י הַאֲזִ֨ינָה אֱלֹהֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב סֶֽלָה׃ |
O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer; Listen, O God of Jacob. Selah. |
|
| Ps 84:10 Ps 84:9AV |
מָ֭גִנֵּנוּ רְאֵ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְ֝הַבֵּ֗ט פְּנֵ֣י מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ |
See our shield, O God, And look at the face of your messiah. |
messiah ← anointed. Applies to the kings of Judah, including Christ par excellence. |
| Ps 84:11 Ps 84:10AV |
כִּ֤י טֽוֹב־י֥וֹם בַּחֲצֵרֶ֗יךָ מֵ֫אָ֥לֶף בָּחַ֗רְתִּי הִ֭סְתּוֹפֵף בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהַ֑י מִ֝דּ֗וּר בְּאָהֳלֵי־רֶֽשַׁע׃ |
For a day in your courtyards is better than a thousand elsewhere. I would choose to stand as a doorkeeper at the house of my God Rather than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. |
|
| Ps 84:12 Ps 84:11AV |
כִּ֤י שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ ׀ וּמָגֵן֮ יְהוָ֪ה אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים חֵ֣ן וְ֭כָבוֹד יִתֵּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֥א יִמְנַע־ט֝֗וֹב לַֽהֹלְכִ֥ים בְּתָמִֽים׃ |
For the Lord God is a sun and a shield, The Lord gives grace and honour; He does not withhold what is good From those who walk in integrity. |
|
| Ps 84:13 Ps 84:12AV |
יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֑וֹת אַֽשְׁרֵ֥י אָ֝דָ֗ם בֹּטֵ֥חַ בָּֽךְ׃ |
O Lord of hosts, Happy is the man Who trusts in you. |
man ← Adam. |
| Ps 85:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֬רַח מִזְמֽוֹר׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
For the sons of Korah, a Psalm. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 85:2 Ps 85:1AV |
רָצִ֣יתָ יְהוָ֣ה אַרְצֶ֑ךָ שַׁ֝֗בְתָּ *שבות **שְׁבִ֣ית יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
O Lord, you have taken pleasure in your land; You have reversed the captivity of Jacob. |
captivity: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Ps 85:3 Ps 85:2AV |
נָ֭שָׂאתָ עֲוֺ֣ן עַמֶּ֑ךָ כִּסִּ֖יתָ כָל־חַטָּאתָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
You have forgiven the iniquity of your people; You have pardoned all their sins. Selah. |
|
| Ps 85:4 Ps 85:3AV |
אָסַ֥פְתָּ כָל־עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ הֱ֝שִׁיב֗וֹתָ מֵחֲר֥וֹן אַפֶּֽךָ׃ |
You have retracted all your ire; You have drawn back from the fury of your anger. |
|
| Ps 85:5 Ps 85:4AV |
שׁ֭וּבֵנוּ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֑נוּ וְהָפֵ֖ר כַּֽעַסְךָ֣ עִמָּֽנוּ׃ |
Turn us around, O God of our salvation; Set aside your displeasure with us. |
set aside ← annul; violate. |
| Ps 85:6 Ps 85:5AV |
הַלְעוֹלָ֥ם תֶּֽאֱנַף־בָּ֑נוּ תִּמְשֹׁ֥ךְ אַ֝פְּךָ֗ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
Will you be age-abidingly angry with us? Will you draw out your anger from generation to generation? |
|
| Ps 85:7 Ps 85:6AV |
הֲֽלֹא־אַ֭תָּה תָּשׁ֣וּב תְּחַיֵּ֑נוּ וְ֝עַמְּךָ֗ יִשְׂמְחוּ־בָֽךְ׃ |
Will you not revive us again So that your people rejoice in you? |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 85:8 Ps 85:7AV |
הַרְאֵ֣נוּ יְהוָ֣ה חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝יֶשְׁעֲךָ֗ תִּתֶּן־לָֽנוּ׃ |
Show us, O Lord, your kindness, And do give us your salvation. |
|
| Ps 85:9 Ps 85:8AV |
אֶשְׁמְעָ֗ה מַה־יְדַבֵּר֮ הָאֵ֪ל ׀ יְה֫וָ֥ה כִּ֤י ׀ יְדַבֵּ֬ר שָׁל֗וֹם אֶל־עַמּ֥וֹ וְאֶל־חֲסִידָ֑יו וְֽאַל־יָשׁ֥וּבוּ לְכִסְלָֽה׃ |
I will hear what God the Lord says, For he speaks peace to his people and those of his grace, And may they not return to foolishness. |
|
| Ps 85:10 Ps 85:9AV |
אַ֤ךְ ׀ קָר֣וֹב לִירֵאָ֣יו יִשְׁע֑וֹ לִשְׁכֹּ֖ן כָּב֣וֹד בְּאַרְצֵֽנוּ׃ |
Surely his salvation is near to those who fear him – For glory to dwell in our land. |
|
| Ps 85:11 Ps 85:10AV |
חֶֽסֶד־וֶאֱמֶ֥ת נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ׃ |
Kindness and truth have met each other; Righteousness and peace have kissed each other. |
|
| Ps 85:12 Ps 85:11AV |
אֱ֭מֶת מֵאֶ֣רֶץ תִּצְמָ֑ח וְ֝צֶ֗דֶק מִשָּׁמַ֥יִם נִשְׁקָֽף׃ |
Truth has sprung up from the earth, And righteousness has peered out from heaven. |
|
| Ps 85:13 Ps 85:12AV |
גַּם־יְ֭הוָה יִתֵּ֣ן הַטּ֑וֹב וְ֝אַרְצֵ֗נוּ תִּתֵּ֥ן יְבוּלָֽהּ׃ |
Indeed the Lord gives that which is good, And our land will give its produce. |
|
| Ps 85:14 Ps 85:13AV |
צֶ֭דֶק לְפָנָ֣יו יְהַלֵּ֑ךְ וְיָשֵׂ֖ם לְדֶ֣רֶךְ פְּעָמָֽיו׃ |
Righteousness will go in front of him, And he will designate his steps as the way. |
the way ← a way in MT, but it could be re-pointed to the way. Compare Acts 9:2. |
| Ps 86:1 | תְּפִלָּ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד הַטֵּֽה־יְהוָ֣ה אָזְנְךָ֣ עֲנֵ֑נִי כִּֽי־עָנִ֖י וְאֶבְי֣וֹן אָֽנִי׃ |
A prayer of David.
Incline, O Lord, your ear, And answer me, For I am poor and needy. |
|
| Ps 86:2 | שָֽׁמְרָ֣ה נַפְשִׁי֮ כִּֽי־חָסִ֪יד אָ֥נִי הוֹשַׁ֣ע עַ֭בְדְּךָ אַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֑י הַבּוֹטֵ֥חַ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ |
Guard my soul, For I am under your grace. You who are my God, Save your servant Who trusts in you. |
|
| Ps 86:3 | חָנֵּ֥נִי אֲדֹנָ֑י כִּ֥י אֵלֶ֥יךָ אֶ֝קְרָ֗א כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
Have mercy on me, O Lord*, For I cry out to you all day long. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 86:4 | שַׂ֭מֵּחַ נֶ֣פֶשׁ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י אֵלֶ֥יךָ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י נַפְשִׁ֥י אֶשָּֽׂא׃ |
Gladden the heart of your servant, For to you, O Lord*, I lift up my being. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
heart ... being ← soul ... soul. |
| Ps 86:5 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי ט֣וֹב וְסַלָּ֑ח וְרַב־חֶ֝֗סֶד לְכָל־קֹרְאֶֽיךָ׃ |
For you, O Lord*, are good and forgiving, And abundant in kindness to all who call on you. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 86:6 | הַאֲזִ֣ינָה יְ֭הוָה תְּפִלָּתִ֑י וְ֝הַקְשִׁ֗יבָה בְּק֣וֹל תַּחֲנוּנוֹתָֽי׃ |
Listen, O Lord, to my prayer, And hearken to the sound of my supplications. |
|
| Ps 86:7 | בְּי֣וֹם צָ֭רָתִ֥י אֶקְרָאֶ֗ךָּ כִּ֣י תַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
On the day of my adversity, I will call on you, For you will answer me. |
|
| Ps 86:8 | אֵין־כָּמ֖וֹךָ בָאֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֵ֣ין כְּֽמַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ׃ |
There is none like you among the gods, O Lord*, And there is nothing like your works. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
there is none like you among the gods (etc.): compare this and Ps 86:10 with Ex 15:11. |
| Ps 86:9 | כָּל־גּוֹיִ֤ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֗יתָ יָב֤וֹאוּ ׀ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֲדֹנָ֑י וִֽיכַבְּד֣וּ לִשְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
All the nations which you made Will come and worship before you, O Lord*, And they will glorify your name. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
This song, up to Ps 86:11, is alluded to in Rev 15:3. |
| Ps 86:10 | כִּֽי־גָד֣וֹל אַ֭תָּה וְעֹשֵׂ֣ה נִפְלָא֑וֹת אַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃ |
For you are great, And you perform wonders. You alone are God. |
Rev 15:3.
Compare Ps 86:8 and this verse with Ex 15:11. |
| Ps 86:11 | ה֘וֹרֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֨ה ׀ דַּרְכֶּ֗ךָ אֲהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּאֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ יַחֵ֥ד לְ֝בָבִ֗י לְיִרְאָ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Teach me, O Lord, your way; I will walk in your truth. Unite my heart to fear your name. |
Rev 15:3.
unite my heart: perhaps supply with you. |
| Ps 86:12 | אוֹדְךָ֤ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י אֱ֭לֹהַי בְּכָל־לְבָבִ֑י וַאֲכַבְּדָ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֣ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
I will praise you, O Lord* my God, with all my heart, And I will glorify your name age-abidingly. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 86:13 | כִּֽי־חַ֭סְדְּךָ גָּד֣וֹל עָלָ֑י וְהִצַּ֥לְתָּ נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י מִשְּׁא֥וֹל תַּחְתִּיָּֽה׃ |
For your kindness towards me is great, And you have delivered my being from the lowest underworld. |
my being ← my soul.
underworld: or grave. |
| Ps 86:14 | אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ זֵ֘דִ֤ים קָֽמוּ־עָלַ֗י וַעֲדַ֣ת עָ֭רִיצִים בִּקְשׁ֣וּ נַפְשִׁ֑י וְלֹ֖א שָׂמ֣וּךָ לְנֶגְדָּֽם׃ |
O God, the insolent have risen up against me, And the congregation of the violent seek my life, And they have not placed you before them. |
my life ← my soul. |
| Ps 86:15 | וְאַתָּ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי אֵל־רַח֣וּם וְחַנּ֑וּן אֶ֥רֶךְ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם וְרַב־חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ |
But you, O Lord*, are a God of mercy and grace, Forbearing, and abundant in kindness and truth. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 86:16 | פְּנֵ֥ה אֵלַ֗י וְחָ֫נֵּ֥נִי תְּנָֽה־עֻזְּךָ֥ לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝הוֹשִׁ֗יעָה לְבֶן־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Turn to me and be merciful to me; Give your strength to your servant, And save the son of your maidservant. |
|
| Ps 86:17 | עֲשֵֽׂה־עִמִּ֥י א֗וֹת לְט֫וֹבָ֥ה וְיִרְא֣וּ שֹׂנְאַ֣י וְיֵבֹ֑שׁוּ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה יְ֝הוָ֗ה עֲזַרְתַּ֥נִי וְנִחַמְתָּֽנִי׃ |
Give me a favourable sign, So that those who hate me May see it and be ashamed, Because you are the Lord Who helped me and comforted me. |
give me ← do with me. |
| Ps 87:1 | לִבְנֵי־קֹ֭רַח מִזְמ֣וֹר שִׁ֑יר יְ֝סוּדָת֗וֹ בְּהַרְרֵי־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
For the sons of Korah, a Psalm. A Song.
His foundation is on the holy mountains. |
the holy mountains ← the mountains of holiness. |
| Ps 87:2 | אֹהֵ֣ב יְ֭הוָה שַׁעֲרֵ֣י צִיּ֑וֹן מִ֝כֹּ֗ל מִשְׁכְּנ֥וֹת יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
The Lord loves the gates of Zion More than all the tent sites of Jacob. |
tent sites ← tabernacles. |
| Ps 87:3 | נִ֭כְבָּדוֹת מְדֻבָּ֣ר בָּ֑ךְ עִ֖יר הָאֱלֹהִ֣ים סֶֽלָה׃ |
Glorious things are spoken of you, O City of God. Selah. |
|
| Ps 87:4 | אַזְכִּ֤יר ׀ רַ֥הַב וּבָבֶ֗ל לְֽיֹ֫דְעָ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה פְלֶ֣שֶׁת וְצ֣וֹר עִם־כּ֑וּשׁ זֶ֝֗ה יֻלַּד־שָֽׁם׃ |
I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to those who know me. Behold, to Philistia and Tyre, with Ethiopia, It will be said, “This one was born there.” |
Rahab: i.e. Egypt. See Isa 30:7. |
| Ps 87:5 | וּֽלֲצִיּ֨וֹן ׀ יֵאָמַ֗ר אִ֣ישׁ וְ֭אִישׁ יֻלַּד־בָּ֑הּ וְה֖וּא יְכוֹנְנֶ֣הָ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
And to Zion it will be said, “One man and another man were born in it, And he who will establish it is the Most High.” |
|
| Ps 87:6 | יְֽהוָ֗ה יִ֭סְפֹּר בִּכְת֣וֹב עַמִּ֑ים זֶ֖ה יֻלַּד־שָׁ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃ |
The Lord will count When registering the various peoples, And say, “This one was born there.” Selah. |
|
| Ps 87:7 | וְשָׁרִ֥ים כְּחֹלְלִ֑ים כָּֽל־מַעְיָנַ֥י בָּֽךְ׃ |
And singers and dancers likewise – All my founts – Are in it. |
founts: i.e., [CB], fountains of delight. |
| Ps 88:1 | שִׁ֥יר מִזְמ֗וֹר לִבְנֵ֫י קֹ֥רַח לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ עַל־מָחֲלַ֣ת לְעַנּ֑וֹת מַ֝שְׂכִּ֗יל לְהֵימָ֥ן הָאֶזְרָחִֽי׃ |
A Song. A Psalm to the sons of Korah. To the choirmaster with dancing and singing in response.↑
An Instructive Psalm of Heman the Ezrahite. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1.
dancing and singing in response: taking the root as חוּל (to dance), not חָלָה (be sick), of [AnLx]. AV differs, transliterating (Mahalath Leannoth). Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 88:2 Ps 88:1AV |
יְ֭הוָה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יְשׁוּעָתִ֑י יוֹם־צָעַ֖קְתִּי בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֶגְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
O Lord God of my salvation, By day I have cried out; By night my cry is before you. |
|
| Ps 88:3 Ps 88:2AV |
תָּב֣וֹא לְ֭פָנֶיךָ תְּפִלָּתִ֑י הַטֵּֽה־אָ֝זְנְךָ֗ לְרִנָּתִֽי׃ |
May my prayer come before you; Incline your ear to my outcry. |
|
| Ps 88:4 Ps 88:3AV |
כִּֽי־שָֽׂבְעָ֣ה בְרָע֣וֹת נַפְשִׁ֑י וְחַיַּ֗י לִשְׁא֥וֹל הִגִּֽיעוּ׃ |
For my being is saturated with evils, And my life is touching the grave. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 88:5 Ps 88:4AV |
נֶ֭חְשַׁבְתִּי עִם־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כְּגֶ֣בֶר אֵֽין־אֱיָֽל׃ |
I am considered as being among those Going down to the pit. I am like a man without strength, |
|
| Ps 88:6 Ps 88:5AV |
בַּמֵּתִ֗ים חָ֫פְשִׁ֥י כְּמ֤וֹ חֲלָלִ֨ים ׀ שֹׁ֥כְבֵי קֶ֗בֶר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹ֣א זְכַרְתָּ֣ם ע֑וֹד וְ֝הֵ֗מָּה מִיָּדְךָ֥ נִגְזָֽרוּ׃ |
Among the dead, free, Like the slain who lie in a grave, Whom you no longer remember, As they are cut off from your hand. |
|
| Ps 88:7 Ps 88:6AV |
שַׁ֭תַּנִי בְּב֣וֹר תַּחְתִּיּ֑וֹת בְּ֝מַחֲשַׁכִּ֗ים בִּמְצֹלֽוֹת׃ |
You have put me in the pit, In the lowest regions, In the dark places – In the depths. |
in the lowest regions ← of the lowest (regions). |
| Ps 88:8 Ps 88:7AV |
עָ֭לַי סָמְכָ֣ה חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ וְכָל־מִ֝שְׁבָּרֶ֗יךָ עִנִּ֥יתָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
Your fury bears down on me; You have afflicted me with all your breakers. Selah. |
breakers: i.e. waves. |
| Ps 88:9 Ps 88:8AV |
הִרְחַ֥קְתָּ מְיֻדָּעַ֗י מִ֫מֶּ֥נִּי שַׁתַּ֣נִי תוֹעֵב֣וֹת לָ֑מוֹ כָּ֝לֻ֗א וְלֹ֣א אֵצֵֽא׃ |
You have removed my acquaintances from me; You have made me an abomination to them. I am hemmed in And I can't come out. |
Compare this verse and Ps 88:19 (Ps 88:18AV) with Job 19:13. |
| Ps 88:10 Ps 88:9AV |
עֵינִ֥י דָאֲבָ֗ה מִנִּ֫י עֹ֥נִי קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָ֣ה בְּכָל־י֑וֹם שִׁטַּ֖חְתִּי אֵלֶ֣יךָ כַפָּֽי׃ |
My eye languishes from affliction. I have called on you, O Lord, daily; I have opened out my hands to you. |
hands: or palms. |
| Ps 88:11 Ps 88:10AV |
הֲלַמֵּתִ֥ים תַּעֲשֶׂה־פֶּ֑לֶא אִם־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים יָק֤וּמוּ ׀ יוֹד֬וּךָ סֶּֽלָה׃ |
Do you perform a wonder for the dead? Do the Rephaim rise and praise you? Selah. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead). |
| Ps 88:12 Ps 88:11AV |
הַיְסֻפַּ֣ר בַּקֶּ֣בֶר חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ אֱ֝מֽוּנָתְךָ֗ בָּאֲבַדּֽוֹן׃ |
Is your kindness recounted in the grave? – Or your faithfulness in the place of decease? |
decease ← perishment. |
| Ps 88:13 Ps 88:12AV |
הֲיִוָּדַ֣ע בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ וְ֝צִדְקָתְךָ֗ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ נְשִׁיָּֽה׃ |
Is your wondrous power known in the darkness? – Or your righteousness in the land of oblivion? |
|
| Ps 88:14 Ps 88:13AV |
וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יְהוָ֣ה שִׁוַּ֑עְתִּי וּ֝בַבֹּ֗קֶר תְּֽפִלָּתִ֥י תְקַדְּמֶֽךָּ׃ |
But I have cried out to you, O Lord, And my prayer went to you early in the morning. |
|
| Ps 88:15 Ps 88:14AV |
לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תִּזְנַ֣ח נַפְשִׁ֑י תַּסְתִּ֖יר פָּנֶ֣יךָ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Why, O Lord, are you averse to my being? Why do you hide your face from me? |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 88:16 Ps 88:15AV |
עָ֘נִ֤י אֲנִ֣י וְגֹוֵ֣עַ מִנֹּ֑עַר נָשָׂ֖אתִי אֵמֶ֣יךָ אָפֽוּנָה׃ |
I am afflicted, And I have been expiring since my youth. I have borne your terrors, And I am bewildered. |
|
| Ps 88:17 Ps 88:16AV |
עָ֭לַי עָבְר֣וּ חֲרוֹנֶ֑יךָ בִּ֝עוּתֶ֗יךָ צִמְּתוּתֻֽנִי׃ |
Your outpourings of fury have come over onto me; Alarming things of yours have cut me down. |
|
| Ps 88:18 Ps 88:17AV |
סַבּ֣וּנִי כַ֭מַּיִם כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם הִקִּ֖יפוּ עָלַ֣י יָֽחַד׃ |
They surround me like water all day long; They encircle me in unison. |
|
| Ps 88:19 Ps 88:18AV |
הִרְחַ֣קְתָּ מִ֭מֶּנִּי אֹהֵ֣ב וָרֵ֑עַ מְֽיֻדָּעַ֥י מַחְשָֽׁךְ׃ |
You have removed lover and friend from me, And my acquaintances, to darkness. |
acquaintances: AV differs (acquaintance).
Compare this verse and Ps 88:9 (Ps 88:8AV) with Job 19:13. |
| Ps 89:1 | מַ֝שְׂכִּ֗יל לְאֵיתָ֥ן הָֽאֶזְרָחִֽי׃ | An Instructive Psalm of Ethan the Ezrahite. | Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 89:2 Ps 89:1AV |
חַֽסְדֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה עוֹלָ֣ם אָשִׁ֑ירָה לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֓ר ׀ אוֹדִ֖יעַ אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣ בְּפִֽי׃ |
I will sing the Lord's acts of kindness age-abidingly; From generation to generation I will make your faithfulness known By the word of my mouth. |
|
| Ps 89:3 Ps 89:2AV |
כִּֽי־אָמַ֗רְתִּי ע֭וֹלָם חֶ֣סֶד יִבָּנֶ֑ה שָׁמַ֓יִם ׀ תָּכִ֖ן אֱמוּנָתְךָ֣ בָהֶֽם׃ |
For I have said, “Kindness will be built up for the age.” As for the heavens, You will prepare your faithfulness in them. |
|
| Ps 89:4 Ps 89:3AV |
כָּרַ֣תִּֽי בְ֭רִית לִבְחִירִ֑י נִ֝שְׁבַּ֗עְתִּי לְדָוִ֥ד עַבְדִּֽי׃ |
“I have made a covenant with my chosen one, I have sworn to David my servant, |
The verse opens direct speech by God. |
| Ps 89:5 Ps 89:4AV |
עַד־ע֭וֹלָם אָכִ֣ין זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וּבָנִ֨יתִי לְדֹר־וָד֖וֹר כִּסְאֲךָ֣ סֶֽלָה׃ |
‘I will establish your seed age-abidingly, And I will build up your throne From generation to generation.’ ” Selah. |
|
| Ps 89:6 Ps 89:5AV |
וְי֘וֹד֤וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם פִּלְאֲךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה אַף־אֱ֝מֽוּנָתְךָ֗ בִּקְהַ֥ל קְדֹשִֽׁים׃ |
And the heavens will praise your wondrous power, O Lord, As also your faithfulness in the convocation of the holy ones. |
|
| Ps 89:7 Ps 89:6AV |
כִּ֤י מִ֣י בַ֭שַּׁחַק יַעֲרֹ֣ךְ לַיהוָ֑ה יִדְמֶ֥ה לַ֝יהוָ֗ה בִּבְנֵ֥י אֵלִים׃ |
For who in the sky is comparable to the Lord? Who can be likened to the Lord Among the mighty ones? |
mighty ones: see Ps 29:1; or sons of the gods; compare in Dan 11:36. |
| Ps 89:8 Ps 89:7AV |
אֵ֣ל נַ֭עֲרָץ בְּסוֹד־קְדֹשִׁ֣ים רַבָּ֑ה וְ֝נוֹרָ֗א עַל־כָּל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ |
– A most formidable God in the council of the holy ones, And fearsome to all around him? |
|
| Ps 89:9 Ps 89:8AV |
יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
O Lord God of hosts, Who is strong like you, O Lord, With your faithfulness around you? |
|
| Ps 89:10 Ps 89:9AV |
אַתָּ֣ה מ֭וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֝לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃ |
You rule over the haughtiness of the sea; When the waves arise, You calm them. |
|
| Ps 89:11 Ps 89:10AV |
אַתָּ֤ה דִכִּ֣אתָ כֶחָלָ֣ל רָ֑הַב בִּזְר֥וֹעַ עֻ֝זְּךָ֗ פִּזַּ֥רְתָּ אוֹיְבֶֽיךָ׃ |
You have crushed Rahab like the slain; With your strong arm You have scattered your enemies. |
Rahab: i.e. Egypt. See Isa 30:7.
your strong arm ← the arm of your strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 89:12 Ps 89:11AV |
לְךָ֣ שָׁ֭מַיִם אַף־לְךָ֥ אָ֑רֶץ תֵּבֵ֥ל וּ֝מְלֹאָ֗הּ אַתָּ֥ה יְסַדְתָּֽם׃ |
Yours are the heavens; Yours also is the earth. As for the world and its fulness, You founded them. |
|
| Ps 89:13 Ps 89:12AV |
צָפ֣וֹן וְ֭יָמִין אַתָּ֣ה בְרָאתָ֑ם תָּב֥וֹר וְ֝חֶרְמ֗וֹן בְּשִׁמְךָ֥ יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
North and south – you created them. Tabor and Hermon – they rejoice in your name. |
|
| Ps 89:14 Ps 89:13AV |
לְךָ֣ זְ֭רוֹעַ עִם־גְּבוּרָ֑ה תָּעֹ֥ז יָ֝דְךָ֗ תָּר֥וּם יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
You have a valiant arm, Your hand is strong; Your right hand is exalted. |
a valiant arm ← an arm with valour. |
| Ps 89:15 Ps 89:14AV |
צֶ֣דֶק וּ֭מִשְׁפָּט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֶ֑ךָ חֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝אֱמֶ֗ת יְֽקַדְּמ֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃ |
Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne; Kindness and truth go before you. |
go before you ← precede your face. |
| Ps 89:16 Ps 89:15AV |
אַשְׁרֵ֣י הָ֭עָם יוֹדְעֵ֣י תְרוּעָ֑ה יְ֝הוָ֗ה בְּֽאוֹר־פָּנֶ֥יךָ יְהַלֵּכֽוּן׃ |
Happy is the people that knows the sound; O Lord, they will walk in the light of your presence. |
the sound: of joy or alarm, or of a trumpet. |
| Ps 89:17 Ps 89:16AV |
בְּ֭שִׁמְךָ יְגִיל֣וּן כָּל־הַיּ֑וֹם וּבְצִדְקָתְךָ֥ יָרֽוּמוּ׃ |
They will rejoice in your name all day long, And they will be exalted in your righteousness. |
|
| Ps 89:18 Ps 89:17AV |
כִּֽי־תִפְאֶ֣רֶת עֻזָּ֣מוֹ אָ֑תָּה וּ֝בִרְצֹנְךָ֗ *תרים **תָּר֥וּם קַרְנֵֽנוּ׃ |
For you are the splendour of their strength, And by your goodwill, {Q: Our horn will be exalted} [K: You will exalt our horn]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. |
| Ps 89:19 Ps 89:18AV |
כִּ֣י לַֽ֭יהוָה מָֽגִנֵּ֑נוּ וְלִקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְכֵּֽנוּ׃ |
For the Lord is the possessor of our shield, And the holy one of Israel is the possessor of our king. |
|
| Ps 89:20 Ps 89:19AV |
אָ֤ז דִּבַּ֥רְתָּֽ־בְחָ֡זוֹן לַֽחֲסִידֶ֗יךָ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שִׁוִּ֣יתִי עֵ֭זֶר עַל־גִּבּ֑וֹר הֲרִימ֖וֹתִי בָח֣וּר מֵעָֽם׃ |
At that time you spoke in a vision to those under your grace and said, “I have bestowed help on the warrior; I have exalted a chosen one out of the people. |
those: AV differs (one). |
| Ps 89:21 Ps 89:20AV |
מָ֭צָאתִי דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֑י בְּשֶׁ֖מֶן קָדְשִׁ֣י מְשַׁחְתִּֽיו׃ |
I have found David my servant; I have anointed him with my holy oil, |
Acts 13:22.
my holy oil ← the oil of my holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 89:22 Ps 89:21AV |
אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָ֭דִי תִּכּ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ אַף־זְרוֹעִ֥י תְאַמְּצֶֽנּוּ׃ |
With whom my hand will be established, To whom also my arm will give courage. |
|
| Ps 89:23 Ps 89:22AV |
לֹֽא־יַשִּׁ֣א אוֹיֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וּבֶן־עַ֝וְלָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְעַנֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
The enemy will not come upon him, Nor will the unjust man afflict him. |
come upon: as in Ps 55:16 (Ps 55:15AV). AV differs (exact), from a homonymous root, but nowhere else does it occur in hiphil.
unjust man ← son of injustice. |
| Ps 89:24 Ps 89:23AV |
וְכַתּוֹתִ֣י מִפָּנָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו וּמְשַׂנְאָ֥יו אֶגּֽוֹף׃ |
And I will beat his adversaries down before him And strike down those who hate him. |
|
| Ps 89:25 Ps 89:24AV |
וֶֽאֶֽמוּנָתִ֣י וְחַסְדִּ֣י עִמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בִשְׁמִ֗י תָּר֥וּם קַרְנֽוֹ׃ |
And my faithfulness and my kindness will be with him, And his horn will be exalted in my name. |
|
| Ps 89:26 Ps 89:25AV |
וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י בַיָּ֣ם יָד֑וֹ וּֽבַנְּהָר֥וֹת יְמִינֽוֹ׃ |
And I will put his hand in the sea And his right hand in the rivers. |
|
| Ps 89:27 Ps 89:26AV |
ה֣וּא יִ֭קְרָאֵנִי אָ֣בִי אָ֑תָּה אֵ֝לִ֗י וְצ֣וּר יְשׁוּעָתִֽי׃ |
He will call out to me, ‘You are my father, My God, and the rock of my salvation.’ |
|
| Ps 89:28 Ps 89:27AV |
אַף־אָ֭נִי בְּכ֣וֹר אֶתְּנֵ֑הוּ עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן לְמַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
I will also place him as the firstborn – The highest of the kings of the earth. |
|
| Ps 89:29 Ps 89:28AV |
לְ֭עוֹלָ֗ם *אשמור־**אֶשְׁמָר־ל֣וֹ חַסְדִּ֑י וּ֝בְרִיתִ֗י נֶאֱמֶ֥נֶת לֽוֹ׃ |
I will maintain my kindness to him age-abidingly, And my covenant will remain faithful to him. |
I will maintain: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré. |
| Ps 89:30 Ps 89:29AV |
וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י לָעַ֣ד זַרְע֑וֹ וְ֝כִסְא֗וֹ כִּימֵ֥י שָׁמָֽיִם׃ |
And I will appoint his seed in perpetuity, And his throne as the days of heaven. |
This passage up to Ps 89:37 (Ps 89:36AV) is alluded to in John 7:42. |
| Ps 89:31 Ps 89:30AV |
אִם־יַֽעַזְב֣וּ בָ֭נָיו תּוֹרָתִ֑י וּ֝בְמִשְׁפָּטַ֗י לֹ֣א יֵלֵכֽוּן׃ |
If his sons forsake my law, Or do not walk in my judicial pronouncements, |
|
| Ps 89:32 Ps 89:31AV |
אִם־חֻקֹּתַ֥י יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י לֹ֣א יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ׃ |
Or if they violate my statutes, Or do not keep my commandments, |
|
| Ps 89:33 Ps 89:32AV |
וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י בְשֵׁ֣בֶט פִּשְׁעָ֑ם וּבִנְגָעִ֥ים עֲוֺנָֽם׃ |
Then I will visit their transgression with a rod, And their iniquity with beatings. |
|
| Ps 89:34 Ps 89:33AV |
וְ֭חַסְדִּי לֹֽא־אָפִ֣יר מֵֽעִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אֲ֝שַׁקֵּ֗ר בֶּאֱמוּנָתִֽי׃ |
But I will not lay aside my kindness with him, And I will not default on my faithfulness. |
with him ← from with him. |
| Ps 89:35 Ps 89:34AV |
לֹא־אֲחַלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתִ֑י וּמוֹצָ֥א שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י לֹ֣א אֲשַׁנֶּֽה׃ |
I will not break my covenant, And I will not change the utterance of my lips. |
|
| Ps 89:36 Ps 89:35AV |
אַ֭חַת נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי בְקָדְשִׁ֑י אִֽם־לְדָוִ֥ד אֲכַזֵּֽב׃ |
I have sworn by my holiness once; I will certainly not lie to David. |
I will certainly not lie: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ps 89:37 Ps 89:36AV |
זַ֭רְעוֹ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִהְיֶ֑ה וְכִסְא֖וֹ כַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ נֶגְדִּֽי׃ |
His seed will abide for the age, And his throne like the sun before me, |
Alluded to in John 12:34, Acts 2:30.
abide ← be; become. |
| Ps 89:38 Ps 89:37AV |
כְּ֭יָרֵחַ יִכּ֣וֹן עוֹלָ֑ם וְעֵ֥ד בַּ֝שַּׁ֗חַק נֶאֱמָ֥ן סֶֽלָה׃ |
Just as the moon is established for the age, And is a faithful witness in the sky.” Selah. |
|
| Ps 89:39 Ps 89:38AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתִּמְאָ֑ס הִ֝תְעַבַּ֗רְתָּ עִם־מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ |
But you have turned away and rejected – And become irate with – Your anointed. |
anointed: or messiah. See Ps 84:10 (Ps 84:9AV). |
| Ps 89:40 Ps 89:39AV |
נֵ֭אַרְתָּה בְּרִ֣ית עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ לָאָ֣רֶץ נִזְרֽוֹ׃ |
You have detested your servant's covenant; You have rendered his crown powerless on the ground. |
powerless ← profane. |
| Ps 89:41 Ps 89:40AV |
פָּרַ֥צְתָּ כָל־גְּדֵרֹתָ֑יו שַׂ֖מְתָּ מִבְצָרָ֣יו מְחִתָּה׃ |
You have broken through all his fences; You have made his fortifications a ruin. |
|
| Ps 89:42 Ps 89:41AV |
שַׁ֭סֻּהוּ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ הָיָ֥ה חֶ֝רְפָּ֗ה לִשְׁכֵנָֽיו׃ |
All kinds of travellers have plundered him; He has become a reproach to his neighbours. |
|
| Ps 89:43 Ps 89:42AV |
הֲ֭רִימוֹתָ יְמִ֣ין צָרָ֑יו הִ֝שְׂמַ֗חְתָּ כָּל־אוֹיְבָֽיו׃ |
You have raised the right hand of his adversaries; You have brought joy to all his enemies. |
|
| Ps 89:44 Ps 89:43AV |
אַף־תָּ֭שִׁיב צ֣וּר חַרְבּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א הֲ֝קֵימֹת֗וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Also you have driven back the blade of his sword, And you have not upheld him in battle. |
|
| Ps 89:45 Ps 89:44AV |
הִשְׁבַּ֥תָּ מִטְּהָר֑וֹ וְ֝כִסְא֗וֹ לָאָ֥רֶץ מִגַּֽרְתָּה׃ |
You have put an end to his splendour, And you have cast his throne down to the ground. |
|
| Ps 89:46 Ps 89:45AV |
הִ֭קְצַרְתָּ יְמֵ֣י עֲלוּמָ֑יו הֶֽעֱטִ֨יתָ עָלָ֖יו בּוּשָׁ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃ |
You have curtailed the days of his youth; You have covered him with shame. Selah. |
|
| Ps 89:47 Ps 89:46AV |
עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תִּסָּתֵ֣ר לָנֶ֑צַח תִּבְעַ֖ר כְּמוֹ־אֵ֣שׁ חֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ |
How long, O Lord, will you be constantly hidden? How long will your fury burn like fire? |
constantly: a proof verse that לָנֶצַח cannot always mean for ever, as AV, so AV differs. |
| Ps 89:48 Ps 89:47AV |
זְכָר־אֲנִ֥י מֶה־חָ֑לֶד עַל־מַה־שָּׁ֝֗וְא בָּרָ֥אתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָֽם׃ |
Remember what kind of a lifetime I have. – To what kind of vain end You have created all the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 89:49 Ps 89:48AV |
מִ֤י גֶ֣בֶר יִֽ֭חְיֶה וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֶה־מָּ֑וֶת יְמַלֵּ֨ט נַפְשׁ֖וֹ מִיַּד־שְׁא֣וֹל סֶֽלָה׃ |
What man will live and will not see death? – What man can deliver his life from the power of the grave? Selah. |
life ← soul.
power ← hand. |
| Ps 89:50 Ps 89:49AV |
אַיֵּ֤ה ׀ חֲסָדֶ֖יךָ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֥ים ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לְ֝דָוִ֗ד בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Where are your former acts of kindness, O Lord*, Which you swore to David in your faithfulness? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 89:51 Ps 89:50AV |
זְכֹ֣ר אֲ֭דֹנָי חֶרְפַּ֣ת עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ שְׂאֵתִ֥י בְ֝חֵיקִ֗י כָּל־רַבִּ֥ים עַמִּֽים׃ |
Remember, O Lord*, the reproach of your servants – Me bearing it in my bosom – From all kinds of mighty peoples, |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 89:52 Ps 89:51AV |
אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵרְפ֖וּ אוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ ׀ יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ עִקְּב֥וֹת מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ |
In that your enemies have made reproaches, O Lord, In that they have reproached the footsteps of your anointed. |
anointed: or messiah. |
| Ps 89:53 Ps 89:52AV |
בָּר֖וּךְ יְהוָ֥ה לְ֝עוֹלָ֗ם אָ֘מֵ֥ן ׀ וְאָמֵֽן׃ |
Blessed be the Lord age-abidingly. Amen and amen. |
|
| Ps 90:1 | תְּפִלָּה֮ לְמֹשֶׁ֪ה אִֽישׁ־הָאֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים אֲֽדֹנָ֗י מָע֣וֹן אַ֭תָּה הָיִ֥יתָ לָּ֗נוּ בְּדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
A prayer of Moses, the man of God.
O Lord*, you have been a refuge to us In generation after generation. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 90:2 | בְּטֶ֤רֶם ׀ הָ֘רִ֤ים יֻלָּ֗דוּ וַתְּח֣וֹלֵֽל אֶ֣רֶץ וְתֵבֵ֑ל וּֽמֵעוֹלָ֥ם עַד־ע֝וֹלָ֗ם אַתָּ֥ה אֵֽל׃ |
Before the hills were born – For you gave birth to the earth and world – You have been God, And from age to age. |
|
| Ps 90:3 | תָּשֵׁ֣ב אֱ֭נוֹשׁ עַד־דַּכָּ֑א וַ֝תֹּ֗אמֶר שׁ֣וּבוּ בְנֵי־אָדָֽם׃ |
You reduce men to dust, And you say, “Return, O sons of Adam.” |
dust: or contusion. |
| Ps 90:4 | כִּ֤י אֶ֪לֶף שָׁנִ֡ים בְּֽעֵינֶ֗יךָ כְּי֣וֹם אֶ֭תְמוֹל כִּ֣י יַעֲבֹ֑ר וְאַשְׁמוּרָ֥ה בַלָּֽיְלָה׃ |
For a thousand years in your eyes Are as a day, Like yesterday that has passed, And a watch in the night. |
2 Pet 3:8. |
| Ps 90:5 | זְ֭רַמְתָּם שֵׁנָ֣ה יִהְי֑וּ בַּ֝בֹּ֗קֶר כֶּחָצִ֥יר יַחֲלֹֽף׃ |
You have swept them away; They have become like sleep. In the morning they are like vegetation that flourishes; |
|
| Ps 90:6 | בַּ֭בֹּקֶר יָצִ֣יץ וְחָלָ֑ף לָ֝עֶ֗רֶב יְמוֹלֵ֥ל וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃ |
In the morning it flowers and flourishes, But in the evening it fades and dries up. |
fades: AV differs (is cut down), as if reading יְמוֹלַל (polal, not polel). However, elsewhere the root seems to be cut off, but see Ps 58:8 (Ps 58:7AV). |
| Ps 90:7 | כִּֽי־כָלִ֥ינוּ בְאַפֶּ֑ךָ וּֽבַחֲמָתְךָ֥ נִבְהָֽלְנוּ׃ |
For we waste away at your anger, And we are terrified at your fury. |
|
| Ps 90:8 | *שת **שַׁתָּ֣ה עֲוֺנֹתֵ֣ינוּ לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ עֲ֝לֻמֵ֗נוּ לִמְא֥וֹר פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
For you have set our iniquities out before you – Our secret in the light of your presence. |
you have set ... out: the qeré is as in Ps 8:7 (Ps 8:6AV). The ketiv is an apocopated equivalent. |
| Ps 90:9 | כִּ֣י כָל־יָ֭מֵינוּ פָּנ֣וּ בְעֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּלִּ֖ינוּ שָׁנֵ֣ינוּ כְמוֹ־הֶֽגֶה׃ |
For all our days face your ire; We finish our years dolefully. |
dolefully ← as dolefulness, sighing. |
| Ps 90:10 | יְמֵֽי־שְׁנוֹתֵ֨ינוּ בָהֶ֥ם שִׁבְעִ֪ים שָׁנָ֡ה וְאִ֤ם בִּגְבוּרֹ֨ת ׀ שְׁמ֘וֹנִ֤ים שָׁנָ֗ה וְ֭רָהְבָּם עָמָ֣ל וָאָ֑וֶן כִּי־גָ֥ז חִ֝֗ישׁ וַנָּעֻֽפָה׃ |
The days of our years amount to seventy years, And if strength permits, eighty years, But their pride is toil and vanity, For it hastily passes over, And we fly away. |
if strength permits ← if by strength.
passes over: AV differs (is cut off), as if reading גַּז, from root גָּזַז, and not גָּז, from root גּוּז. |
| Ps 90:11 | מִֽי־י֭וֹדֵעַ עֹ֣ז אַפֶּ֑ךָ וּ֝כְיִרְאָתְךָ֗ עֶבְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Who knows the intensity of your anger? For as your fearfulness is, So is your ire. |
for: causal use of the vav.
your fearfulness ← your fear, a subjective genitive in a causal sense. |
| Ps 90:12 | לִמְנ֣וֹת יָ֭מֵינוּ כֵּ֣ן הוֹדַ֑ע וְ֝נָבִ֗א לְבַ֣ב חָכְמָֽה׃ |
So teach us to count our days So that we may bring a wise heart. |
bring: perhaps on the day of reckoning.
a wise heart ← a heart of wisdom, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 90:13 | שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה עַד־מָתָ֑י וְ֝הִנָּחֵ֗ם עַל־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ |
Return, O Lord. How long will it be? And have compassion on your servants. |
|
| Ps 90:14 | שַׂבְּעֵ֣נוּ בַבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וּֽנְרַנְּנָ֥ה וְ֝נִשְׂמְחָ֗ה בְּכָל־יָמֵֽינוּ׃ |
Satiate us in the morning with your kindness, And let us shout for joy and rejoice On all our days. |
|
| Ps 90:15 | שַׂ֭מְּחֵנוּ כִּימ֣וֹת עִנִּיתָ֑נוּ שְׁ֝נ֗וֹת רָאִ֥ינוּ רָעָֽה׃ |
Bring us joy Matching the days that you afflicted us – The years when we saw evil. |
days that ← days of. |
| Ps 90:16 | יֵרָאֶ֣ה אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ פָעֳלֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲדָרְךָ֗ עַל־בְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Let your work appear to your servants, And your splendour to their sons. |
|
| Ps 90:17 | וִיהִ֤י ׀ נֹ֤עַם אֲדֹנָ֥י אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עָ֫לֵ֥ינוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָ֭דֵינוּ כּוֹנְנָ֥ה עָלֵ֑ינוּ וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דֵ֗ינוּ כּוֹנְנֵֽהוּ׃ |
Let the beauty of the Lord* our God be upon us, And direct the work of our hands in our interest. So do direct the work of our hands. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
beauty: or grace [AnLx]. in our interest ← on / concerning us. |
| Ps 91:1 | יֹ֭שֵׁב בְּסֵ֣תֶר עֶלְי֑וֹן בְּצֵ֥ל שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יִתְלוֹנָֽן׃ |
“He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High Resides in the shadow of the Almighty.” |
We follow [CB]'s identification of the speakers in this psalm, starting with “the Spirit”. |
| Ps 91:2 | אֹמַ֗ר לַֽ֭יהוָה מַחְסִ֣י וּמְצוּדָתִ֑י אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אֶבְטַח־בּֽוֹ׃ |
“I will say to the Lord, ‘My refuge and my fortress – My God – ’ I will trust in him.” |
Messiah speaks. |
| Ps 91:3 | כִּ֤י ה֣וּא יַ֭צִּֽילְךָ מִפַּ֥ח יָק֗וּשׁ מִדֶּ֥בֶר הַוּֽוֹת׃ |
“For he will deliver you from the fowler's snare, And from any harmful plague. |
The Spirit speaks.
harmful plague ← plague of harms, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 91:4 | בְּאֶבְרָת֨וֹ ׀ יָ֣סֶךְ לָ֭ךְ וְתַֽחַת־כְּנָפָ֣יו תֶּחְסֶ֑ה צִנָּ֖ה וְֽסֹחֵרָ֣ה אֲמִתּֽוֹ׃ |
He will cover you with his wing feathers, And you will have shelter under his wings. His truth is your shield and buckler. |
buckler ← covering-shield. See Jer 46:3, but the Hebrew word for buckler is different here. |
| Ps 91:5 | לֹא־תִ֭ירָא מִפַּ֣חַד לָ֑יְלָה מֵ֝חֵ֗ץ יָע֥וּף יוֹמָֽם׃ |
Do not be afraid of any terror of the night, Nor of an arrow that might fly by day, |
|
| Ps 91:6 | מִ֭דֶּבֶר בָּאֹ֣פֶל יַהֲלֹ֑ךְ מִ֝קֶּ֗טֶב יָשׁ֥וּד צָהֳרָֽיִם׃ |
Nor of the plague that is prevalent in the darkness, Nor of pestilence that ravages at noon. |
is prevalent ← goes. |
| Ps 91:7 | יִפֹּ֤ל מִצִּדְּךָ֨ ׀ אֶ֗לֶף וּרְבָבָ֥ה מִימִינֶ֑ךָ אֵ֝לֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִגָּֽשׁ׃ |
A thousand will fall at your side, And ten thousand on your right hand side. No-one will be able to approach you. |
No-one: i.e. no-one (hostile). AV differs (it ... not). |
| Ps 91:8 | רַ֭ק בְּעֵינֶ֣יךָ תַבִּ֑יט וְשִׁלֻּמַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
You will only have to look with your eyes, And you will see retribution on the wicked.” |
|
| Ps 91:9 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה מַחְסִ֑י עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן שַׂ֣מְתָּ מְעוֹנֶֽךָ׃ |
“For you, O Lord, are my refuge. O Most High, you have appointed your dwelling place.” |
Messiah speaks.
AV differs, not recognizing the change of speaker, and attempting to accommodate the sentence to the previous speaker. |
| Ps 91:10 | לֹֽא־תְאֻנֶּ֣ה אֵלֶ֣יךָ רָעָ֑ה וְ֝נֶ֗גַע לֹא־יִקְרַ֥ב בְּאָהֳלֶֽךָ׃ |
“No harm will befall you, And no blow will come near your tent. |
The Spirit speaks. |
| Ps 91:11 | כִּ֣י מַ֭לְאָכָיו יְצַוֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ לִ֝שְׁמָרְךָ֗ בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶֽיךָ׃ |
For he will command his angels concerning you To protect you in all your ways. |
Matt 4:6, Luke 4:10. |
| Ps 91:12 | עַל־כַּפַּ֥יִם יִשָּׂא֑וּנְךָ פֶּן־תִּגֹּ֖ף בָּאֶ֣בֶן רַגְלֶֽךָ׃ |
They will bear you upon their hands Lest you strike your foot on a stone. |
Matt 4:6, Luke 4:11. |
| Ps 91:13 | עַל־שַׁ֣חַל וָפֶ֣תֶן תִּדְרֹ֑ךְ תִּרְמֹ֖ס כְּפִ֣יר וְתַנִּֽין׃ |
You will tread on the fierce lion and the viper, And you will trample on the young lion and the crocodile.” |
|
| Ps 91:14 | כִּ֤י בִ֣י חָ֭שַׁק וַאֲפַלְּטֵ֑הוּ אֲ֝שַׂגְּבֵ֗הוּ כִּֽי־יָדַ֥ע שְׁמִֽי׃ |
“For he has set his affection on me, And I will extricate him. I will exalt him Because he knows my name. |
“Jehovah” (the Lord) speaks. |
| Ps 91:15 | יִקְרָאֵ֨נִי ׀ וְֽאֶעֱנֵ֗הוּ עִמּֽוֹ־אָנֹכִ֥י בְצָרָ֑ה אֲ֝חַלְּצֵ֗הוּ וַֽאֲכַבְּדֵֽהוּ׃ |
He will call on me, And I will answer him. I will be with him in adversity; I will deliver him and glorify him. |
|
| Ps 91:16 | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים אַשְׂבִּיעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝אַרְאֵ֗הוּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתִֽי׃ |
I will satiate him with length of days, And I will show him my salvation.” |
|
| Ps 92:1 | מִזְמ֥וֹר שִׁ֗יר לְי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ | A Psalm. A Song for the Sabbath day. | |
| Ps 92:2 Ps 92:1AV |
ט֗וֹב לְהֹד֥וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה וּלְזַמֵּ֖ר לְשִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
It is good to thank the Lord, And to make psalm melody to your name, O Most High, |
|
| Ps 92:3 Ps 92:2AV |
לְהַגִּ֣יד בַּבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְֽדֶּ֑ךָ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ |
And to tell of your kindness in the morning And of your faithfulness in the night, |
night ← nights. |
| Ps 92:4 Ps 92:3AV |
עֲֽלֵי־עָ֭שׂוֹר וַעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר׃ |
On the ten-stringed kithara and the lute, With a meditation on the harp. |
meditation: see Ps 9:17 (Ps 9:16AV). |
| Ps 92:5 Ps 92:4AV |
כִּ֤י שִׂמַּחְתַּ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה בְּפָעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃ |
For you have given me joy, O Lord, Through your work. I shout for joy Because of the works of your hands. |
|
| Ps 92:6 Ps 92:5AV |
מַה־גָּדְל֣וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה מְ֝אֹ֗ד עָמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
How great your works are, O Lord, And how very deep your thoughts are! |
|
| Ps 92:7 Ps 92:6AV |
אִֽישׁ־בַּ֭עַר לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע וּ֝כְסִ֗יל לֹא־יָבִ֥ין אֶת־זֹֽאת׃ |
The undiscerning man does not know, And the fool does not understand this. |
|
| Ps 92:8 Ps 92:7AV |
בִּפְרֹ֤חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים ׀ כְּמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַֽד׃ |
As the wicked shoot up like grass, So all those who commit iniquity flourish, But only for them to be destroyed in all perpetuity. |
in all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity. |
| Ps 92:9 Ps 92:8AV |
וְאַתָּ֥ה מָר֗וֹם לְעֹלָ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
And you are age-abidingly on high, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 92:10 Ps 92:9AV |
כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אֹיְבֶ֡יךָ ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה אֹיְבֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ יִ֝תְפָּרְד֗וּ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
For here are your enemies, O Lord, For here are your enemies, who will perish; All those who commit iniquity will be scattered. |
here are (2x) ← behold. |
| Ps 92:11 Ps 92:10AV |
וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃ |
And you have exalted my horn like that of a rhinoceros; I have been suffused with fresh oil. |
rhinoceros: or buffalo, but here a play on words with (one) horn. |
| Ps 92:12 Ps 92:11AV |
וַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֖ים עָלַ֥י מְרֵעִ֗ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי׃ |
And my eye has beheld those who watched for me; When evildoers rose up against me, My ears heard it. |
beheld ... heard: AV differs, supplying my desire in each case. |
| Ps 92:13 Ps 92:12AV |
צַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃ |
The righteous man will flourish like a palm tree; He will become great like a cedar of Lebanon. |
|
| Ps 92:14 Ps 92:13AV |
שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּחַצְר֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ יַפְרִֽיחוּ׃ |
Being planted in the house of the Lord – In the courtyards of our God – They will flourish. |
|
| Ps 92:15 Ps 92:14AV |
ע֭וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ |
They will still be putting forth shoots in old age; They will be sap-rich and fresh, |
|
| Ps 92:16 Ps 92:15AV |
לְ֭הַגִּיד כִּֽי־יָשָׁ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה צ֝וּרִ֗י וְֽלֹא־*עלתה **עַוְלָ֥תָה בּֽוֹ׃ |
So as to tell that the Lord is upright – My rock – And that there is no injustice in him. |
injustice: the ketiv can be regarded as a contracted form of the qeré. |
| Ps 93:1 | יְהוָ֣ה מָלָךְ֮ גֵּא֪וּת לָ֫בֵ֥שׁ לָבֵ֣שׁ יְ֭הוָה עֹ֣ז הִתְאַזָּ֑ר אַף־תִּכּ֥וֹן תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל בַּל־תִּמּֽוֹט׃ |
The Lord reigns; He is clothed in majesty. The Lord being clothed in strength Has girded himself. The world also will be established So that it will not totter. |
|
| Ps 93:2 | נָכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֲךָ֣ מֵאָ֑ז מֵֽעוֹלָ֣ם אָֽתָּה׃ |
Your throne has been established since former time; You have ruled since an ancient age. |
|
| Ps 93:3 | נָשְׂא֤וּ נְהָר֨וֹת ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה נָשְׂא֣וּ נְהָר֣וֹת קוֹלָ֑ם יִשְׂא֖וּ נְהָר֣וֹת דָּכְיָֽם׃ |
The rivers have raised, O Lord – The rivers have raised their voice; The rivers have risen up with their dashings. |
risen up with their dashings ← raised their dashing. |
| Ps 93:4 | מִקֹּל֨וֹת ׀ מַ֤יִם רַבִּ֗ים אַדִּירִ֣ים מִשְׁבְּרֵי־יָ֑ם אַדִּ֖יר בַּמָּר֣וֹם יְהוָֽה׃ |
The Lord on high is more mighty Than the sounds of mighty waters, Or than the mighty breakers of the sea. |
|
| Ps 93:5 | עֵֽדֹתֶ֨יךָ ׀ נֶאֶמְנ֬וּ מְאֹ֗ד לְבֵיתְךָ֥ נַאֲוָה־קֹ֑דֶשׁ יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמִֽים׃ |
Your testimonies are exceedingly faithful; Holiness is becoming to your house, O Lord, In the length of days. |
|
| Ps 94:1 | אֵל־נְקָמ֥וֹת יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֖ל נְקָמ֣וֹת הוֹפִֽיַע׃ |
O Lord God of vengeance, O God of vengeance, Shine forth. |
|
| Ps 94:2 | הִ֭נָּשֵׂא שֹׁפֵ֣ט הָאָ֑רֶץ הָשֵׁ֥ב גְּ֝מ֗וּל עַל־גֵּאִֽים׃ |
Be exalted, O judge of the earth; Bring retribution to the proud. |
bring ← bring back, but the sense of rebounding in present in retribution. |
| Ps 94:3 | עַד־מָתַ֖י רְשָׁעִ֥ים ׀ יְהוָ֑ה עַד־מָ֝תַ֗י רְשָׁעִ֥ים יַעֲלֹֽזוּ׃ |
How long, O Lord, will the wicked ... – How long will the wicked exult? |
|
| Ps 94:4 | יַבִּ֣יעוּ יְדַבְּר֣וּ עָתָ֑ק יִֽ֝תְאַמְּר֗וּ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
They babble and speak insolently; All those who commit iniquity are boasting. |
|
| Ps 94:5 | עַמְּךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה יְדַכְּא֑וּ וְֽנַחֲלָתְךָ֥ יְעַנּֽוּ׃ |
O Lord, they crush your people, And they afflict your inheritance. |
|
| Ps 94:6 | אַ֭לְמָנָה וְגֵ֣ר יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ וִֽיתוֹמִ֣ים יְרַצֵּֽחוּ׃ |
They kill the widow and the foreigner, And they murder orphans. |
|
| Ps 94:7 | וַ֭יֹּ֣אמְרוּ לֹ֣א יִרְאֶה־יָּ֑הּ וְלֹא־יָ֝בִ֗ין אֱלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
And they have said, “The Lord will not see”, And, “The God of Jacob will not take notice.” |
|
| Ps 94:8 | בִּ֭ינוּ בֹּעֲרִ֣ים בָּעָ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים מָתַ֥י תַּשְׂכִּֽילוּ׃ |
Understand, you unscrupulous ones among the people; And you fools, When will you become wise? |
|
| Ps 94:9 | הֲנֹ֣טַֽע אֹ֭זֶן הֲלֹ֣א יִשְׁמָ֑ע אִֽם־יֹ֥צֵֽר עַ֝֗יִן הֲלֹ֣א יַבִּֽיט׃ |
He who planted the ear – Can he not hear? Or he who formed the eye – Can he not see? |
|
| Ps 94:10 | הֲיֹסֵ֣ר גּ֭וֹיִם הֲלֹ֣א יוֹכִ֑יחַ הַֽמְלַמֵּ֖ד אָדָ֣ם דָּֽעַת׃ |
He who chastises the Gentiles – Will he who teaches man knowledge Not reprove? |
We recognize the three interrogative particles, but with just one main verb, we translate proleptically, placing the relative clauses in apposition.
man ← Adam. |
| Ps 94:11 | יְֽהוָ֗ה יֹ֭דֵעַ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָדָ֑ם כִּי־הֵ֥מָּה הָֽבֶל׃ |
The Lord knows the thoughts of man – That they are vacuous. |
1 Cor 3:20.
vacuous ← vacuity. |
| Ps 94:12 | אַשְׁרֵ֤י ׀ הַגֶּ֣בֶר אֲשֶׁר־תְּיַסְּרֶ֣נּוּ יָּ֑הּ וּֽמִתּוֹרָתְךָ֥ תְלַמְּדֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Happy is the man whom you, O Lord, chastise, And whom you teach from your law, |
|
| Ps 94:13 | לְהַשְׁקִ֣יט ל֭וֹ מִ֣ימֵי רָ֑ע עַ֤ד יִכָּרֶ֖ה לָרָשָׁ֣ע שָֽׁחַת׃ |
So as to give him rest from evil days, Until a pit is dug for the wicked. |
evil days ← days of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 94:14 | כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־יִטֹּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֣ה עַמּ֑וֹ וְ֝נַחֲלָת֗וֹ לֹ֣א יַעֲזֹֽב׃ |
For the Lord will not desert his people, And he will not forsake his inheritance. |
Rom 11:2. |
| Ps 94:15 | כִּֽי־עַד־צֶ֭דֶק יָשׁ֣וּב מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְ֝אַחֲרָ֗יו כָּל־יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃ |
For judgment will again become justice, And all upright in heart will follow it. |
again become ← return to.
will follow it ← (will go) after it. |
| Ps 94:16 | מִֽי־יָק֣וּם לִ֭י עִם־מְרֵעִ֑ים מִֽי־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב לִ֝י עִם־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? Who will take a stand for me Against those who commit iniquity? |
against ... against ← with ... with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Ps 94:17 | לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה עֶזְרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י כִּמְעַ֓ט ׀ שָֽׁכְנָ֖ה דוּמָ֣ה נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
If the Lord had not been a help to me, My being would soon have dwelt in silence. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 94:18 | אִם־אָ֭מַרְתִּי מָ֣טָה רַגְלִ֑י חַסְדְּךָ֥ יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִסְעָדֵֽנִי׃ |
Whenever I said, “My foot is slipping”, Your kindness, O Lord, supported me. |
|
| Ps 94:19 | בְּרֹ֣ב שַׂרְעַפַּ֣י בְּקִרְבִּ֑י תַּ֝נְחוּמֶ֗יךָ יְֽשַׁעַשְׁע֥וּ נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
In the profusion of perplexities within me, Your consolations delighted my being. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 94:20 | הַֽ֭יְחָבְרְךָ כִּסֵּ֣א הַוּ֑וֹת יֹצֵ֖ר עָמָ֣ל עֲלֵי־חֹֽק׃ |
Is the throne of cupidity associated with you As it fashions vice by statute? |
cupidity ← desires, lusts. |
| Ps 94:21 | יָ֭גוֹדּוּ עַל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק וְדָ֖ם נָקִ֣י יַרְשִֽׁיעוּ׃ |
They press down on the life of the righteous And condemn innocent blood. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 94:22 | וַיְהִ֬י יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י לְמִשְׂגָּ֑ב וֵ֝אלֹהַ֗י לְצ֣וּר מַחְסִֽי׃ |
But the Lord became a high stronghold to me, And my God the rock of my refuge. |
|
| Ps 94:23 | וַיָּ֤שֶׁב עֲלֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ אֶת־אוֹנָ֗ם וּבְרָעָתָ֥ם יַצְמִיתֵ֑ם יַ֝צְמִיתֵ֗ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
And he requited them with their iniquity, And he will cut them off in their wickedness; The Lord our God will cut them off. |
requited them with ← returned onto them. |
| Ps 95:1 | לְ֭כוּ נְרַנְּנָ֣ה לַיהוָ֑ה נָ֝רִ֗יעָה לְצ֣וּר יִשְׁעֵֽנוּ׃ |
Come, let us cry out to the Lord for joy; Let us sing in jubilation to the rock of our salvation. |
sing in jubilation: or shout, but in the next verse it accompanies psalm melodies. |
| Ps 95:2 | נְקַדְּמָ֣ה פָנָ֣יו בְּתוֹדָ֑ה בִּ֝זְמִר֗וֹת נָרִ֥יעַֽ לֽוֹ׃ |
Let us meet in his presence in good time with thanksgiving; Let us sing out to him with psalm melodies. |
|
| Ps 95:3 | כִּ֤י אֵ֣ל גָּד֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וּמֶ֥לֶךְ גָּ֝ד֗וֹל עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For the Lord is a great God And a great king above all gods. |
above all gods: considering the nothingness of the “gods”, this is an understatement. Alternatively, understand above all judges. |
| Ps 95:4 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ מֶחְקְרֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְתוֹעֲפ֖וֹת הָרִ֣ים לֽוֹ׃ |
For the depths of the earth are in his hand, And the treasures of the mountains are his. |
treasures: AV differs (strength). |
| Ps 95:5 | אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ הַ֭יָּם וְה֣וּא עָשָׂ֑הוּ וְ֝יַבֶּ֗שֶׁת יָדָ֥יו יָצָֽרוּ׃ |
For the sea is his, And he made it, And his hands formed the dry land. |
formed: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. |
| Ps 95:6 | בֹּ֭אוּ נִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֣ה וְנִכְרָ֑עָה נִ֝בְרְכָ֗ה לִֽפְנֵי־יְהוָ֥ה עֹשֵֽׂנוּ׃ |
Come, let us worship and bow down; Let us kneel before the Lord our maker. |
|
| Ps 95:7 | כִּ֘י ה֤וּא אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּ עַ֣ם מַ֭רְעִיתוֹ וְצֹ֣אן יָד֑וֹ הַ֝יּ֗וֹם אִֽם־בְּקֹל֥וֹ תִשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ |
For he is our God, And we are the people of his pasture And the sheep of his hand. Today, if you will heed his voice, |
Heb 3:7, Heb 3:15, Heb 4:7.
heed ← hear. |
| Ps 95:8 | אַל־תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה כְּי֥וֹם מַ֝סָּ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
Do not harden your heart, As in the contention – As on the day of testing in the desert – |
Heb 3:8, Heb 3:15, Heb 4:7.
contention: or the place, Meribah. |
| Ps 95:9 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֭סּוּנִי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּ֝חָנ֗וּנִי גַּם־רָא֥וּ פָעֳלִֽי׃ |
When your fathers tested me. They put me to the proof, Then they duly saw my works. |
Heb 3:9.
duly ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Ps 95:10 | אַרְבָּ֘עִ֤ים שָׁנָ֨ה ׀ אָ֘ק֤וּט בְּד֗וֹר וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֤ם תֹּעֵ֣י לֵבָ֣ב הֵ֑ם וְ֝הֵ֗ם לֹא־יָדְע֥וּ דְרָכָֽי׃ |
For forty years I abhorred that generation, And I said, “They are a people who are erring in their heart, And they do not know my ways.” |
Heb 3:9, Heb 3:10. |
| Ps 95:11 | אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי בְאַפִּ֑י אִם־יְ֝בֹא֗וּן אֶל־מְנוּחָתִֽי׃ |
So I swore in my anger That they certainly would not enter into my resting place. |
Heb 3:11, Heb 4:3, Heb 4:5.
in my anger: or by my anger. they certainly would not enter: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. resting place: or rest. |
| Ps 96:1 | שִׁ֣ירוּ לַ֭יהוָה שִׁ֣יר חָדָ֑שׁ שִׁ֥ירוּ לַ֝יהוָ֗ה כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Sing a new song to the Lord, Sing to the Lord, All the earth, |
|| 1 Chr 16:23. |
| Ps 96:2 | שִׁ֣ירוּ לַ֭יהוָה בָּרֲכ֣וּ שְׁמ֑וֹ בַּשְּׂר֥וּ מִיּֽוֹם־לְ֝י֗וֹם יְשׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃ |
Sing to the Lord, Bless his name; Proclaim his salvation From one day to the next. |
|| 1 Chr 16:23.
from one day to the next ← from day to day. |
| Ps 96:3 | סַפְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֣ם כְּבוֹד֑וֹ בְּכָל־הָֽ֝עַמִּ֗ים נִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Tell of his glory among the Gentiles And of his wondrous deeds among all the various peoples. |
|| 1 Chr 16:24. |
| Ps 96:4 | כִּ֥י גָ֘ד֤וֹל יְהוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד נוֹרָ֥א ה֝֗וּא עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For the Lord is great And much to be praised; He is awesome Above all gods. |
|| 1 Chr 16:25.
to be praised: gerundival use of the participle. |
| Ps 96:5 | כִּ֤י ׀ כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָעַמִּ֣ים אֱלִילִ֑ים וַֽ֝יהוָ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם עָשָֽׂה׃ |
For all the gods of the nations are idols, But the Lord made the heavens. |
|| 1 Chr 16:26. |
| Ps 96:6 | הוֹד־וְהָדָ֥ר לְפָנָ֑יו עֹ֥ז וְ֝תִפְאֶ֗רֶת בְּמִקְדָּשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Majesty and splendour are before him; Strength and magnificence are in his sanctuary. |
|| 1 Chr 16:27. |
| Ps 96:7 | הָב֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת עַמִּ֑ים הָב֥וּ לַ֝יהוָ֗ה כָּב֥וֹד וָעֹֽז׃ |
Ascribe to the Lord, You families of nations, Ascribe glory and strength To the Lord. |
|| 1 Chr 16:28. |
| Ps 96:8 | הָב֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה כְּב֣וֹד שְׁמ֑וֹ שְׂאֽוּ־מִ֝נְחָ֗ה וּבֹ֥אוּ לְחַצְרוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Ascribe the glory of his name to the Lord; Make a meal-offering, And enter into his courtyards. |
|| 1 Chr 16:29.
make ← offer. |
| Ps 96:9 | הִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה בְּהַדְרַת־קֹ֑דֶשׁ חִ֥ילוּ מִ֝פָּנָ֗יו כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Worship the Lord In the splendour of holiness. Tremble in his presence, All the earth. |
|| 1 Chr 16:29, 1 Chr 16:30.
the splendour of holiness: or, as a Hebraic genitive, holy splendour. |
| Ps 96:10 | אִמְר֤וּ בַגּוֹיִ֨ם ׀ יְה֘וָ֤ה מָלָ֗ךְ אַף־תִּכּ֣וֹן תֵּ֭בֵל בַּל־תִּמּ֑וֹט יָדִ֥ין עַ֝מִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
Say among the Gentiles, “The Lord reigns.” Indeed the world will be established Such that it will not totter, And he will judge nations equitably. |
|| 1 Chr 16:30. |
| Ps 96:11 | יִשְׂמְח֣וּ הַ֭שָּׁמַיִם וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִֽרְעַ֥ם הַ֝יָּ֗ם וּמְלֹאֽוֹ׃ |
Let the heavens rejoice And the earth be glad; Let the sea roar With its fulness. |
Rev 12:12.
|| 1 Chr 16:31, 1 Chr 16:32. with its fulness ← and its fulness. |
| Ps 96:12 | יַעֲלֹ֣ז שָׂ֭דַי וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ אָ֥ז יְ֝רַנְּנ֗וּ כָּל־עֲצֵי־יָֽעַר׃ |
Let the field exult, And everything in it. Then let all the trees of the forest shout for joy, |
|| 1 Chr 16:32, 1 Chr 16:33. |
| Ps 96:13 | לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָ֨ה ׀ כִּ֬י בָ֗א כִּ֥י בָא֮ לִשְׁפֹּ֪ט הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ יִשְׁפֹּֽט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק וְ֝עַמִּ֗ים בֶּאֱמוּנָתֽוֹ׃ |
Before the Lord When he comes. When he comes to judge the earth, He will judge the world in righteousness, And the various peoples according to his faithfulness. |
|| 1 Chr 16:33. |
| Ps 97:1 | יְהוָ֣ה מָ֭לָךְ תָּגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִ֝שְׂמְח֗וּ אִיִּ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ |
The Lord reigns. Let the earth be glad; Let the many coastlands rejoice. |
coastlands: or islands. |
| Ps 97:2 | עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ |
A cloud and gloom are around him; Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne. |
foundation: AV differs (habitation), as if reading מָעוֹן. |
| Ps 97:3 | אֵ֭שׁ לְפָנָ֣יו תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וּתְלַהֵ֖ט סָבִ֣יב צָרָֽיו׃ |
Fire goes in front of him And sets his adversaries on fire all around. |
|
| Ps 97:4 | הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקָ֣יו תֵּבֵ֑ל רָאֲתָ֖ה וַתָּחֵ֣ל הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
His lightning flashes light up the world; The earth sees and trembles. |
|
| Ps 97:5 | הָרִ֗ים כַּדּוֹנַ֗ג נָ֭מַסּוּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗י אֲד֣וֹן כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Mountains melt like wax before the Lord – Before the Lord of all the earth. |
|
| Ps 97:6 | הִגִּ֣ידוּ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ וְרָא֖וּ כָל־הָעַמִּ֣ים כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
The heavens tell of his righteousness, And all the nations see his glory. |
|
| Ps 97:7 | יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ ׀ כָּל־עֹ֬בְדֵי פֶ֗סֶל הַמִּֽתְהַלְלִ֥ים בָּאֱלִילִ֑ים הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ־ל֝וֹ כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
All who serve carved images will be ashamed – Those who boast in idols. Worship him, all you gods. |
Perhaps this is what is referred or alluded to in Heb 1:6.
gods: or judges. Compare Ps 82:6, Ps 82:1, and compare Heb 1:6. |
| Ps 97:8 | שָׁמְעָ֬ה וַתִּשְׂמַ֨ח ׀ צִיּ֗וֹן וַ֭תָּגֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ |
Zion heard and rejoiced, And the daughters of Judah were glad, On account of your judgments, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 97:9 | כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה עֶלְי֥וֹן עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד נַ֝עֲלֵ֗יתָ עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For you, O Lord, are the Most High, Over all the earth. You are exalted Far above all gods. |
gods: or judges. Compare Ps 97:7, Ps 82:6, Ps 82:1. |
| Ps 97:10 | אֹהֲבֵ֥י יְהוָ֗ה שִׂנְא֫וּ רָ֥ע שֹׁ֭מֵר נַפְשׁ֣וֹת חֲסִידָ֑יו מִיַּ֥ד רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם׃ |
You who love the Lord, hate evil. He watches over the lives of those under his grace; He delivers them from the hand of the wicked. |
hate: an imperative. English does not have the benefit of different forms for indicative and imperative.
lives ← souls. |
| Ps 97:11 | א֭וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה׃ |
Light is sown to the righteous, And joy to the upright in heart. |
|
| Ps 97:12 | שִׂמְח֣וּ צַ֭דִּיקִים בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְ֝הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Rejoice in the Lord, you righteous, And give thanks at the mention of his holiness. |
|
| Ps 98:1 | מִזְמ֡וֹר שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָ֨ה ׀ שִׁ֣יר חָ֭דָשׁ כִּֽי־נִפְלָא֣וֹת עָשָׂ֑ה הוֹשִֽׁיעָה־לּ֥וֹ יְ֝מִינ֗וֹ וּזְר֥וֹעַ קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
A Psalm.
Sing a new song to the Lord, For he has done wondrous things. His right hand and his holy arm Have brought him salvation. |
his holy arm ← the arm of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 98:2 | הוֹדִ֣יעַ יְ֭הוָה יְשׁוּעָת֑וֹ לְעֵינֵ֥י הַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם גִּלָּ֥ה צִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord has made his salvation known; He has revealed his righteousness in the sight of the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 98:3 | זָ֘כַ֤ר חַסְדּ֨וֹ ׀ וֶֽאֱֽמוּנָתוֹ֮ לְבֵ֪ית יִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל רָא֥וּ כָל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ אֵ֝֗ת יְשׁוּעַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
He remembered his kindness and his faithfulness to the house of Israel; All the ends of the earth saw the salvation of our God. |
the ends of the earth saw (etc.): compare Isa 52:10. |
| Ps 98:4 | הָרִ֣יעוּ לַֽ֭יהוָה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּצְח֖וּ וְרַנְּנ֣וּ וְזַמֵּֽרוּ׃ |
Shout for joy to the Lord, all the earth; Break out in singing, And cry out for joy, And make psalm melody. |
|
| Ps 98:5 | זַמְּר֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה בְּכִנּ֑וֹר בְּ֝כִנּ֗וֹר וְק֣וֹל זִמְרָֽה׃ |
Make psalm melody to the Lord with the harp, With the harp and the sound of psalm-singing. |
|
| Ps 98:6 | בַּ֭חֲצֹ֣צְרוֹת וְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֑ר הָ֝רִ֗יעוּ לִפְנֵ֤י ׀ הַמֶּ֬לֶךְ יְהוָֽה׃ |
With trumpets and the sound of the ramshorn, Shout for joy before the king, the Lord. |
|
| Ps 98:7 | יִרְעַ֣ם הַ֭יָּם וּמְלֹא֑וֹ תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ |
The sea roars, and its fulness – The world, and those who inhabit it. |
|
| Ps 98:8 | נְהָר֥וֹת יִמְחֲאוּ־כָ֑ף יַ֝֗חַד הָרִ֥ים יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
The rivers clap their hands; The mountains shout for joy together, |
|
| Ps 98:9 | לִֽפְֽנֵי־יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֥י בָא֮ לִשְׁפֹּ֪ט הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ יִשְׁפֹּֽט־תֵּבֵ֥ל בְּצֶ֑דֶק וְ֝עַמִּ֗ים בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
In the presence of the Lord, For he is coming to judge the world. He will judge the world in righteousness, And the various peoples in uprightness. |
|
| Ps 99:1 | יְהוָ֣ה מָ֭לָךְ יִרְגְּז֣וּ עַמִּ֑ים יֹשֵׁ֥ב כְּ֝רוּבִ֗ים תָּנ֥וּט הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
The Lord reigns, The nations tremble, He dwells between the cherubim; The earth will be shaken. |
tremble: or rage. |
| Ps 99:2 | יְ֭הוָה בְּצִיּ֣וֹן גָּד֑וֹל וְרָ֥ם ה֝֗וּא עַל־כָּל־הָֽעַמִּֽים׃ |
The Lord in Zion is great, And he is high above all the nations. |
|
| Ps 99:3 | יוֹד֣וּ שִׁ֭מְךָ גָּד֥וֹל וְנוֹרָ֗א קָד֥וֹשׁ הֽוּא׃ |
Let them praise your great and awesome name; He is holy. |
he is holy: or it (is) holy. |
| Ps 99:4 | וְעֹ֥ז מֶלֶךְ֮ מִשְׁפָּ֪ט אָ֫הֵ֥ב אַ֭תָּה כּוֹנַ֣נְתָּ מֵישָׁרִ֑ים מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה בְּיַעֲקֹ֤ב ׀ אַתָּ֬ה עָשִֽׂיתָ׃ |
Now the king's power loves justice. You have established uprightness, And you have exercised judgment and justice in Jacob. |
|
| Ps 99:5 | רֽוֹמְמ֡וּ יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְֽ֭הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַהֲדֹ֥ם רַגְלָ֗יו קָד֥וֹשׁ הֽוּא׃ |
Extol the Lord our God, And worship at his footstool; He is holy. |
|
| Ps 99:6 | מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן ׀ בְּֽכֹהֲנָ֗יו וּ֭שְׁמוּאֵל בְּקֹרְאֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ קֹרִ֥אים אֶל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְה֣וּא יַעֲנֵֽם׃ |
Moses and Aaron were among his priests, And Samuel was among those calling on his name. They would call to the Lord, And he would answer them. |
|
| Ps 99:7 | בְּעַמּ֣וּד עָ֭נָן יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם שָׁמְר֥וּ עֵ֝דֹתָ֗יו וְחֹ֣ק נָֽתַן־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
He spoke to them in a column of cloud; They kept his testimonies And the statute which he gave them. |
|
| Ps 99:8 | יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵינוּ֮ אַתָּ֪ה עֲנִ֫יתָ֥ם אֵ֣ל נֹ֭שֵׂא הָיִ֣יתָ לָהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם עַל־עֲלִילוֹתָֽם׃ |
O Lord our God, you answered them; You were a forgiving God to them, Also taking vengeance for their deeds. |
|
| Ps 99:9 | רֽוֹמְמ֡וּ יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְ֭הִֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ כִּֽי־קָ֝ד֗וֹשׁ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
Extol the Lord our God, And worship at his holy mountain, For the Lord our God is holy. |
|
| Ps 100:1 | מִזְמ֥וֹר לְתוֹדָ֑ה הָרִ֥יעוּ לַ֝יהוָ֗ה כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
A Psalm of Thanksgiving.
Sing out to the Lord, All the earth! |
|
| Ps 100:2 | עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּשִׂמְחָ֑ה בֹּ֥אוּ לְ֝פָנָ֗יו בִּרְנָנָֽה׃ |
Serve the Lord in joy; Come before him in joyful singing. |
|
| Ps 100:3 | דְּע֗וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָה֮ ה֤וּא אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים הֽוּא־עָ֭שָׂנוּ *ולא **וְל֣וֹ אֲנַ֑חְנוּ עַ֝מּ֗וֹ וְצֹ֣אן מַרְעִיתֽוֹ׃ |
Know that the Lord is God; He made us and {K: not we ourselves} [Q: his we are], Being his people and the sheep of his pasture. |
The ketiv and qeré are as in Ex 21:8, but here the ketiv makes a viable reading. |
| Ps 100:4 | בֹּ֤אוּ שְׁעָרָ֨יו ׀ בְּתוֹדָ֗ה חֲצֵרֹתָ֥יו בִּתְהִלָּ֑ה הֽוֹדוּ־ל֝֗וֹ בָּרֲכ֥וּ שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
Come to his gates with thanksgiving And to his courtyards with praise. Praise him, And bless his name. |
|
| Ps 100:5 | כִּי־ט֣וֹב יְ֭הֹוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְעַד־דֹּ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר אֱמוּנָתֽוֹ׃ |
For the Lord is good, His kindness is age-abiding, And his faithfulness is to generation after generation. |
generation after generation ← generation and generation. |
| Ps 101:1 | לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר חֶֽסֶד־וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט אָשִׁ֑ירָה לְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ |
A Psalm of David.
I will sing of kindness and justice; I will make psalm melody to you, O Lord. |
|
| Ps 101:2 | אַשְׂכִּ֤ילָה ׀ בְּדֶ֬רֶךְ תָּמִ֗ים מָ֭תַי תָּב֣וֹא אֵלָ֑י אֶתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בְּתָם־לְ֝בָבִ֗י בְּקֶ֣רֶב בֵּיתִֽי׃ |
I will act wisely in a sincere way. When will you come to me? I will walk in the sincerity of my heart Inside my house. |
|
| Ps 101:3 | לֹֽא־אָשִׁ֨ית ׀ לְנֶ֥גֶד עֵינַ֗י דְּֽבַר־בְּלִ֫יָּ֥עַל עֲשֹֽׂה־סֵטִ֥ים שָׂנֵ֑אתִי לֹ֖א יִדְבַּ֣ק בִּֽי׃ |
I will not put any worthless thing in my sights. I have hated What those who turn aside do; It will not have any attraction to me. |
in my sights ← to opposite my eyes.
have any attraction to me ← cleave to me. |
| Ps 101:4 | לֵבָ֣ב עִ֭קֵּשׁ יָס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נִּי רָ֝֗ע לֹ֣א אֵדָֽע׃ |
May a perverse heart depart from me; I will not know the wicked. |
|
| Ps 101:5 | *מלושני **מְלָשְׁנִ֬י בַסֵּ֨תֶר ׀ רֵעֵהוּ֮ אוֹת֪וֹ אַ֫צְמִ֥ית גְּֽבַהּ־עֵ֭ינַיִם וּרְחַ֣ב לֵבָ֑ב אֹ֝ת֗וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל׃ |
I will destroy Him who slanders his neighbour privately; I will not endure Him who is of haughty eyes Or a puffed up heart. |
slanders: the ketiv (poel stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (irregular piel), with the same meaning.
a puffed up ← broad. |
| Ps 101:6 | עֵינַ֤י ׀ בְּנֶֽאֶמְנֵי־אֶרֶץ֮ לָשֶׁ֪בֶת עִמָּ֫דִ֥י הֹ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ תָּמִ֑ים ה֝֗וּא יְשָׁרְתֵֽנִי׃ |
My eyes are on the faithful of the land, For them to dwell with me. He who walks in a sincere way Will serve me. |
|
| Ps 101:7 | לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֨ב ׀ בְּקֶ֥רֶב בֵּיתִי֮ עֹשֵׂ֪ה רְמִ֫יָּ֥ה דֹּבֵ֥ר שְׁקָרִ֑ים לֹֽא־יִ֝כּ֗וֹן לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽי׃ |
He who commits deceit Will not dwell in my house. He who speaks falsehood Will not be established in my sight. |
falsehood: or lies. |
| Ps 101:8 | לַבְּקָרִ֗ים אַצְמִ֥ית כָּל־רִשְׁעֵי־אָ֑רֶץ לְהַכְרִ֥ית מֵֽעִיר־יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
In the mornings I will destroy all the wicked of the land So as to cut off all those who commit iniquity From the City of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 102:1 | תְּ֭פִלָּה לְעָנִ֣י כִֽי־יַעֲטֹ֑ף וְלִפְנֵ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ שִׂיחֽוֹ׃ | A prayer for the afflicted man who is languishing, and who pours out his case before the Lord. | |
| Ps 102:2 Ps 102:1AV |
יְ֭הוָה שִׁמְעָ֣ה תְפִלָּתִ֑י וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י אֵלֶ֥יךָ תָבֽוֹא׃ |
O Lord, hear my prayer, And let my crying out come to you. |
|
| Ps 102:3 Ps 102:2AV |
אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ ׀ מִמֶּנִּי֮ בְּי֪וֹם צַ֫ר לִ֥י הַטֵּֽה־אֵלַ֥י אָזְנֶ֑ךָ בְּי֥וֹם אֶ֝קְרָ֗א מַהֵ֥ר עֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
Do not hide your face from me; On the day when I am in a strait, Incline your ear to me. On the day when I call, Do answer me quickly. |
|
| Ps 102:4 Ps 102:3AV |
כִּֽי־כָל֣וּ בְעָשָׁ֣ן יָמָ֑י וְ֝עַצְמוֹתַ֗י כְּמוֹ־קֵ֥ד נִחָֽרוּ׃ |
For my days are ending in smoke, And my bones are burning up like a firebrand. |
|
| Ps 102:5 Ps 102:4AV |
הוּכָּֽה־כָ֭עֵשֶׂב וַיִּבַ֣שׁ לִבִּ֑י כִּֽי־שָׁ֝כַ֗חְתִּי מֵאֲכֹ֥ל לַחְמִֽי׃ |
My heart is aggrieved And dried up like grass, So that I forget to eat my bread. |
aggrieved ← struck.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ps 102:6 Ps 102:5AV |
מִקּ֥וֹל אַנְחָתִ֑י דָּבְקָ֥ה עַ֝צְמִ֗י לִבְשָׂרִֽי׃ |
With the sound of my sighing, My bones cleave to my flesh. |
bones ← bone. Collective usage, rather like skeleton. |
| Ps 102:7 Ps 102:6AV |
דָּ֭מִיתִי לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת׃ |
I have come to resemble the desert pelican; I have become like the owl of the wastelands. |
|
| Ps 102:8 Ps 102:7AV |
שָׁקַ֥דְתִּי וָאֶֽהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֝צִפּ֗וֹר בּוֹדֵ֥ד עַל־גָּֽג׃ |
I have been sleepless, And I have become like a solitary bird on a rooftop. |
|
| Ps 102:9 Ps 102:8AV |
כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם חֵרְפ֣וּנִי אוֹיְבָ֑י מְ֝הוֹלָלַ֗י בִּ֣י נִשְׁבָּֽעוּ׃ |
My enemies reproach me all day long; Those who make me look foolish Have taken oaths against me. |
those who make me look foolish: or, as [BDB], those mad against me. |
| Ps 102:10 Ps 102:9AV |
כִּי־אֵ֭פֶר כַּלֶּ֣חֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי וְ֝שִׁקֻּוַ֗י בִּבְכִ֥י מָסָֽכְתִּי׃ |
For I have eaten ashes like bread And mixed my drink with weeping, |
|
| Ps 102:11 Ps 102:10AV |
מִפְּנֵֽי־זַֽעַמְךָ֥ וְקִצְפֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נְ֝שָׂאתַ֗נִי וַתַּשְׁלִיכֵֽנִי׃ |
On account of your indignation and your wrath, For you have lifted me up And thrown me down. |
|
| Ps 102:12 Ps 102:11AV |
יָ֭מַי כְּצֵ֣ל נָט֑וּי וַ֝אֲנִ֗י כָּעֵ֥שֶׂב אִיבָֽשׁ׃ |
My days are like a declining shadow, And I am drying out like grass. |
|
| Ps 102:13 Ps 102:12AV |
וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֑ב וְ֝זִכְרְךָ֗ לְדֹ֣ר וָדֹֽר׃ |
But you, O Lord, dwell age-abidingly, And remembrance of you is from generation to generation. |
from generation to generation ← for generation and generation. |
| Ps 102:14 Ps 102:13AV |
אַתָּ֣ה תָ֭קוּם תְּרַחֵ֣ם צִיּ֑וֹן כִּי־עֵ֥ת לְ֝חֶֽנְנָ֗הּ כִּי־בָ֥א מוֹעֵֽד׃ |
You will rise up and have mercy on Zion When it is time to show it grace – When the season has come. |
|
| Ps 102:15 Ps 102:14AV |
כִּֽי־רָצ֣וּ עֲ֭בָדֶיךָ אֶת־אֲבָנֶ֑יהָ וְֽאֶת־עֲפָרָ֥הּ יְחֹנֵֽנוּ׃ |
For your servants delight in its stones And are well-disposed to its dust. |
|
| Ps 102:16 Ps 102:15AV |
וְיִֽירְא֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וְֽכָל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ אֶת־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
And the Gentiles will fear the name of the Lord, As will all the kings of the earth your glory. |
|
| Ps 102:17 Ps 102:16AV |
כִּֽי־בָנָ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה צִיּ֑וֹן נִ֝רְאָ֗ה בִּכְבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
When the Lord has built Zion, He will appear in his glory. |
|
| Ps 102:18 Ps 102:17AV |
פָּ֭נָה אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת הָעַרְעָ֑ר וְלֹֽא־בָ֝זָ֗ה אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָֽם׃ |
He turns to the prayer of the destitute, And does not despise their prayer. |
prayer ... prayer: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 102:19 Ps 102:18AV |
תִּכָּ֣תֶב זֹ֭את לְד֣וֹר אַחֲר֑וֹן וְעַ֥ם נִ֝בְרָ֗א יְהַלֶּל־יָֽהּ׃ |
This will be written for the last generation, And a recreated people will praise the Lord. |
recreated ← created. Compare the implicit repetition in Ex 22:6 (Ex 22:7AV), Isa 25:2, Isa 61:3, Ezek 36:10, Ezra 4:13, Ps 22:32 (Ps 22:31AV), 2 Ki 17:24. |
| Ps 102:20 Ps 102:19AV |
כִּֽי־הִ֭שְׁקִיף מִמְּר֣וֹם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ יְ֝הוָ֗ה מִשָּׁמַ֤יִם ׀ אֶל־אֶ֬רֶץ הִבִּֽיט׃ |
For he has peered down from his holy heights; The Lord has looked down from heaven to the earth, |
his holy heights ← the height of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 102:21 Ps 102:20AV |
לִ֭שְׁמֹעַ אֶנְקַ֣ת אָסִ֑יר לְ֝פַתֵּ֗חַ בְּנֵ֣י תְמוּתָֽה׃ |
To hear the groaning of the prisoner, To unbind those condemned to death, |
condemned to death ← sons of death. |
| Ps 102:22 Ps 102:21AV |
לְסַפֵּ֣ר בְּ֭צִיּוֹן שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וּ֝תְהִלָּת֗וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
To declare the name of the Lord in Zion, And his praiseworthiness in Jerusalem, |
praiseworthiness ← praise. |
| Ps 102:23 Ps 102:22AV |
בְּהִקָּבֵ֣ץ עַמִּ֣ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וּ֝מַמְלָכ֗וֹת לַעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
When nations gather together, And kingdoms too, To serve the Lord. |
|
| Ps 102:24 Ps 102:23AV |
עִנָּ֖ה בַדֶּ֥רֶךְ *כחו **כֹּחִ֗י קִצַּ֥ר יָמָֽי׃ |
{Q: He has oppressed my strength} [K: His strength has caused oppression] on the way; He has shortened my days, |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. |
| Ps 102:25 Ps 102:24AV |
אֹמַ֗ר אֵלִ֗י אַֽל־תַּ֭עֲלֵנִי בַּחֲצִ֣י יָמָ֑י בְּד֖וֹר דּוֹרִ֣ים שְׁנוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
So that I say, “O God of mine, do not take me up at half of my days. Your years are throughout generation and generation. |
generation and generation ← generation of generations. |
| Ps 102:26 Ps 102:25AV |
לְ֭פָנִים הָאָ֣רֶץ יָסַ֑דְתָּ וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ שָׁמָֽיִם׃ |
In past time you founded the earth, And the heavens are the work of your hands. |
Heb 1:10. |
| Ps 102:27 Ps 102:26AV |
הֵ֤מָּה ׀ יֹאבֵדוּ֮ וְאַתָּ֪ה תַ֫עֲמֹ֥ד וְ֭כֻלָּם כַּבֶּ֣גֶד יִבְל֑וּ כַּלְּב֖וּשׁ תַּחֲלִיפֵ֣ם וְֽיַחֲלֹֽפוּ׃ |
They shall perish, But you will remain, And they will all wear out like a garment. You will change them like clothing, And they will undergo change. |
Heb 1:11, Heb 1:12. |
| Ps 102:28 Ps 102:27AV |
וְאַתָּה־ה֑וּא וּ֝שְׁנוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִתָּֽמּוּ׃ |
But you are the same, And your years will not come to an end. |
Heb 1:12.
you are the same ← you (are) he. come to an end: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 102:29 Ps 102:28AV |
בְּנֵֽי־עֲבָדֶ֥יךָ יִשְׁכּ֑וֹנוּ וְ֝זַרְעָ֗ם לְפָנֶ֥יךָ יִכּֽוֹן׃ |
Your servants' sons will be settled, And their seed will be established before you.” |
|
| Ps 103:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ בָּרֲכִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְכָל־קְ֝רָבַ֗י אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
Bless the Lord, O my being, And his holy name, O all my inward parts. |
being ← soul.
his holy name ← the name of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 103:2 | בָּרֲכִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְאַל־תִּ֝שְׁכְּחִ֗י כָּל־גְּמוּלָֽיו׃ |
Bless the Lord, O my being, And do not forget any of the recompenses of him |
being ← soul.
any ← all. |
| Ps 103:3 | הַסֹּלֵ֥חַ לְכָל־עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי הָ֝רֹפֵ֗א לְכָל־תַּחֲלֻאָֽיְכִי׃ |
Who forgives all my iniquity, Who cures all my diseases, |
my (2x) ← your, in an Aramaic form, speaking to his own being, or “soul”. |
| Ps 103:4 | הַגּוֹאֵ֣ל מִשַּׁ֣חַת חַיָּ֑יְכִי הַֽ֝מְעַטְּרֵ֗כִי חֶ֣סֶד וְרַחֲמִֽים׃ |
Who redeems my life from the pit, Who crowns me with kindness and mercy, |
my ... me ← your ... you. See Ps 103:3. |
| Ps 103:5 | הַמַּשְׂבִּ֣יַע בַּטּ֣וֹב עֶדְיֵ֑ךְ תִּתְחַדֵּ֖שׁ כַּנֶּ֣שֶׁר נְעוּרָֽיְכִי׃ |
And who satiates my years with goodness; My youth is renewed like an eagle. |
my (2x) ← your. See Ps 103:3.
years: AV differs (mouth). [AnLx], [BDB]= age. |
| Ps 103:6 | עֹשֵׂ֣ה צְדָק֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וּ֝מִשְׁפָּטִ֗ים לְכָל־עֲשׁוּקִֽים׃ |
The Lord performs righteous acts, And acts of justice for all the oppressed. |
|
| Ps 103:7 | יוֹדִ֣יעַ דְּרָכָ֣יו לְמֹשֶׁ֑ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל עֲלִילֽוֹתָיו׃ |
He makes his way known to Moses And his deeds to the sons of Israel. |
Moses: standing for the people of Moses, so the present tense is appropriate. |
| Ps 103:8 | רַח֣וּם וְחַנּ֣וּן יְהוָ֑ה אֶ֖רֶךְ אַפַּ֣יִם וְרַב־חָֽסֶד׃ |
The Lord is merciful and gracious, Forbearing and rich in kindness. |
rich ← abundant. |
| Ps 103:9 | לֹֽא־לָנֶ֥צַח יָרִ֑יב וְלֹ֖א לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִטּֽוֹר׃ |
He will not contend in perpetuity, And he will not retain his anger age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 103:10 | לֹ֣א כַ֭חֲטָאֵינוּ עָ֣שָׂה לָ֑נוּ וְלֹ֥א כַ֝עֲוֺנֹתֵ֗ינוּ גָּמַ֥ל עָלֵֽינוּ׃ |
He has not dealt with us according to our sins, Nor has he retributed us according to our iniquities. |
|
| Ps 103:11 | כִּ֤י כִגְבֹ֣הַּ שָׁ֭מַיִם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ גָּבַ֥ר חַ֝סְדּ֗וֹ עַל־יְרֵאָֽיו׃ |
For as the heavens are high above the earth, So his kindness prevails over those who fear him. |
those who fear him ← his fearers, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 103:12 | כִּרְחֹ֣ק מִ֭זְרָח מִֽמַּֽעֲרָ֑ב הִֽרְחִ֥יק מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ אֶת־פְּשָׁעֵֽינוּ׃ |
As the east is remote from the west, So he has removed our transgressions from us. |
|
| Ps 103:13 | כְּרַחֵ֣ם אָ֭ב עַל־בָּנִ֑ים רִחַ֥ם יְ֝הוָ֗ה עַל־יְרֵאָֽיו׃ |
As a father has compassion on his sons, So the Lord has compassion on those who fear him. |
those who fear him ← his fearers, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 103:14 | כִּי־ה֖וּא יָדַ֣ע יִצְרֵ֑נוּ זָ֝כ֗וּר כִּי־עָפָ֥ר אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ |
For he knows our condition; He remembers that we are dust. |
condition ← formation. |
| Ps 103:15 | אֱ֭נוֹשׁ כֶּחָצִ֣יר יָמָ֑יו כְּצִ֥יץ הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה כֵּ֣ן יָצִֽיץ׃ |
As for man, his days are like grass; Like the wild flowers, so he blossoms, |
|
| Ps 103:16 | כִּ֤י ר֣וּחַ עָֽבְרָה־בּ֣וֹ וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּ וְלֹא־יַכִּירֶ֖נּוּ ע֣וֹד מְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Then the wind passes over him, And he is no more, And his place no longer recognizes him. |
him ... he ... his ... him: AV differs (it etc.), retaining the analogy with the wild flower. |
| Ps 103:17 | וְחֶ֤סֶד יְהוָ֨ה ׀ מֵעוֹלָ֣ם וְעַד־ע֭וֹלָם עַל־יְרֵאָ֑יו וְ֝צִדְקָת֗וֹ לִבְנֵ֥י בָנִֽים׃ |
But the Lord's kindness is of ancient time And is age-abiding to those who fear him. And his righteousness is directed to the sons of sons, |
those who fear him ← his fearers, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 103:18 | לְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י בְרִית֑וֹ וּלְזֹכְרֵ֥י פִ֝קֻּדָ֗יו לַעֲשׂוֹתָֽם׃ |
To those who keep his covenant, And those who remember his precepts – To carry them out. |
|
| Ps 103:19 | יְֽהוָ֗ה בַּ֭שָּׁמַיִם הֵכִ֣ין כִּסְא֑וֹ וּ֝מַלְכוּת֗וֹ בַּכֹּ֥ל מָשָֽׁלָה׃ |
The Lord has established his throne in the heavens, And his kingdom rules over all. |
|
| Ps 103:20 | בָּרֲכ֥וּ יְהוָ֗ה מַלְאָ֫כָ֥יו גִּבֹּ֣רֵי כֹ֭חַ עֹשֵׂ֣י דְבָר֑וֹ לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗עַ בְּק֣וֹל דְּבָרֽוֹ׃ |
Bless the Lord, you angels of his, You who are mighty in power, Who carry out his word, By heeding the utterance of his word. |
word ... word: otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
by heeding: gerundial use of the infinitive. utterance ← voice. |
| Ps 103:21 | בָּרֲכ֣וּ יְ֭הוָה כָּל־צְבָאָ֑יו מְ֝שָׁרְתָ֗יו עֹשֵׂ֥י רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
Bless the Lord, all you hosts of his, You who serve him and do his will. |
|
| Ps 103:22 | בָּרֲכ֤וּ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ כָּֽל־מַעֲשָׂ֗יו בְּכָל־מְקֹמ֥וֹת מֶמְשַׁלְתּ֑וֹ בָּרֲכִ֥י נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Bless the Lord, all his works, In all places of his rule. Bless the Lord, O my being, |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 104:1 | בָּרֲכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֗י אֶת־יְה֫וָ֥ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי גָּדַ֣לְתָּ מְּאֹ֑ד ה֭וֹד וְהָדָ֣ר לָבָֽשְׁתָּ׃ |
Bless the Lord, O my being; O Lord my God, you are very great. You are clothed in majesty and splendour. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 104:2 | עֹֽטֶה־א֭וֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָ֑ה נוֹטֶ֥ה שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם כַּיְרִיעָֽה׃ |
You put on a covering of light like a garment; You stretch out the heavens like a curtain. |
|
| Ps 104:3 | הַ֥מְקָרֶֽה בַמַּ֗יִם עֲֽלִיּ֫וֹתָ֥יו הַשָּׂם־עָבִ֥ים רְכוּב֑וֹ הַֽ֝מְהַלֵּ֗ךְ עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ |
He who carpenters his upper rooms in the waters, Who makes thick clouds his chariot, Who moves around on the wings of the wind, |
The Hebrew changes to the third person. |
| Ps 104:4 | עֹשֶׂ֣ה מַלְאָכָ֣יו רוּח֑וֹת מְ֝שָׁרְתָ֗יו אֵ֣שׁ לֹהֵֽט׃ |
Who makes his angels spirits, And his servants a flaming fire |
Heb 1:7. |
| Ps 104:5 | יָֽסַד־אֶ֭רֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶ֑יהָ בַּל־תִּ֝מּ֗וֹט עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
Is he who founded the earth on its bases So that it will not totter, Age-abidingly and in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 104:6 | תְּ֭הוֹם כַּלְּב֣וּשׁ כִּסִּית֑וֹ עַל־הָ֝רִ֗ים יַֽעַמְדוּ־מָֽיִם׃ |
As for the deep, you have covered it as with a garment; Waters stand over mountains. |
the deep: perhaps the ocean floor. AV differs in syntactic structure. Our structure is as in Ps 103:15. |
| Ps 104:7 | מִן־גַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְנוּס֑וּן מִן־ק֥וֹל רַֽ֝עַמְךָ֗ יֵחָפֵזֽוּן׃ |
They flee at your rebuke; At the sound of your thunder, They hasten away. |
|
| Ps 104:8 | יַעֲל֣וּ הָ֭רִים יֵרְד֣וּ בְקָע֑וֹת אֶל־מְ֝ק֗וֹם זֶ֤ה ׀ יָסַ֬דְתָּ לָהֶֽם׃ |
They go up mountains; They go down valleys, To the place where you laid a foundation for them. |
they go up: as vapour. |
| Ps 104:9 | גְּֽבוּל־שַׂ֭מְתָּ בַּל־יַֽעֲבֹר֑וּן בַּל־יְ֝שׁוּב֗וּן לְכַסּ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
You have set a boundary Which they shall not cross; They will not again cover the earth. |
|
| Ps 104:10 | הַֽמְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ מַ֭עְיָנִים בַּנְּחָלִ֑ים בֵּ֥ין הָ֝רִ֗ים יְהַלֵּכֽוּן׃ |
You send source water into streams Which run between the mountains. |
|
| Ps 104:11 | יַ֭שְׁקוּ כָּל־חַיְת֣וֹ שָׂדָ֑י יִשְׁבְּר֖וּ פְרָאִ֣ים צְמָאָֽם׃ |
They provide drink for all wildlife; Wild donkeys quench their thirst. |
|
| Ps 104:12 | עֲ֭לֵיהֶם עוֹף־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׁכּ֑וֹן מִבֵּ֥ין עֳ֝פָאיִ֗ם יִתְּנוּ־קֽוֹל׃ |
Due to them, The birds of the sky have a habitat; They utter their call from among the branches. |
them: the sources of Ps 104:10. |
| Ps 104:13 | מַשְׁקֶ֣ה הָ֭רִים מֵעֲלִיּוֹתָ֑יו מִפְּרִ֥י מַ֝עֲשֶׂ֗יךָ תִּשְׂבַּ֥ע הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
He waters the mountains from his upper rooms; The earth is satiated with the fruit of your works. |
|
| Ps 104:14 | מַצְמִ֤יחַ חָצִ֨יר ׀ לַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וְ֭עֵשֶׂב לַעֲבֹדַ֣ת הָאָדָ֑ם לְה֥וֹצִיא לֶ֝֗חֶם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
He makes grass grow for cattle, And herbage for the benefit of man, So that he can extract food from the earth, |
benefit ← work, but also use, benefit.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ps 104:15 | וְיַ֤יִן ׀ יְשַׂמַּ֬ח לְֽבַב־אֱנ֗וֹשׁ לְהַצְהִ֣יל פָּנִ֣ים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן וְ֝לֶ֗חֶם לְֽבַב־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ יִסְעָֽד׃ |
And wine which cheers the heart of men, And products from oil to make the face shine, And food which supports man's heart. |
men ← man, mankind.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ps 104:16 | יִ֭שְׂבְּעוּ עֲצֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אַֽרְזֵ֥י לְ֝בָנ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָטָֽע׃ |
The Lord's trees are satiated – The cedars of Lebanon which he planted, |
satiated: AV differs (full of sap). [AnLx] does not admit an active sense of providing satiety. |
| Ps 104:17 | אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֭ם צִפֳּרִ֣ים יְקַנֵּ֑נוּ חֲ֝סִידָ֗ה בְּרוֹשִׁ֥ים בֵּיתָֽהּ׃ |
Where the birds nestle. As for the stork, The cypresses are its home. |
|
| Ps 104:18 | הָרִ֣ים הַ֭גְּבֹהִים לַיְּעֵלִ֑ים סְ֝לָעִ֗ים מַחְסֶ֥ה לַֽשְׁפַנִּֽים׃ |
The high mountains are home to the mountain goats; The rocks are a refuge to the rock hyrax. |
rock hyrax: see Lev 11:5. |
| Ps 104:19 | עָשָׂ֣ה יָ֭רֵחַ לְמוֹעֲדִ֑ים שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ יָדַ֥ע מְבוֹאֽוֹ׃ |
He made the moon for the purpose of set times; The sun knows its time to set. |
knows: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| Ps 104:20 | תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וִ֣יהִי לָ֑יְלָה בּֽוֹ־תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־יָֽעַר׃ |
You appoint darkness And it becomes night-time. In it all the life of the forest crawls around. |
|
| Ps 104:21 | הַ֭כְּפִירִים שֹׁאֲגִ֣ים לַטָּ֑רֶף וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מֵאֵ֣ל אָכְלָֽם׃ |
Lions roar for prey And in seeking their food from God. |
in seeking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 104:22 | תִּזְרַ֣ח הַ֭שֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵאָסֵפ֑וּן וְאֶל־מְ֝עוֹנֹתָ֗ם יִרְבָּצֽוּן׃ |
When the sun rises, They withdraw And lie down in their dens. |
withdraw ← are assembled. |
| Ps 104:23 | יֵצֵ֣א אָדָ֣ם לְפָעֳל֑וֹ וְֽלַעֲבֹ֖דָת֣וֹ עֲדֵי־עָֽרֶב׃ |
Man goes out to his work And to his occupation until evening. |
|
| Ps 104:24 | מָֽה־רַבּ֬וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֨יךָ ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה כֻּ֭לָּם בְּחָכְמָ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ מָלְאָ֥ה הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ קִנְיָנֶֽךָ׃ |
How great are your deeds, O Lord! You have performed them all in wisdom. The earth is full of your property. |
|
| Ps 104:25 | זֶ֤ה ׀ הַיָּ֥ם גָּדוֹל֮ וּרְחַ֪ב יָ֫דָ֥יִם שָֽׁם־רֶ֭מֶשׂ וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר חַיּ֥וֹת קְ֝טַנּ֗וֹת עִם־גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃ |
This is the sea, Great, and as wide as outstretched arms. In it there is immeasurable creeping life – Animals great and small. |
immeasurable ← innumerable, but the generic English life is not a countable noun.
great and small ← small with great. |
| Ps 104:26 | שָׁ֭ם אֳנִיּ֣וֹת יְהַלֵּכ֑וּן לִ֝וְיָתָ֗ן זֶֽה־יָצַ֥רְתָּ לְשַֽׂחֶק־בּֽוֹ׃ |
There, ships make voyages; Leviathan is there, Which you fashioned to play in it. |
Leviathan: see Ps 74:14, Job 40:25 (Job 41:1AV). |
| Ps 104:27 | כֻּ֭לָּם אֵלֶ֣יךָ יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן לָתֵ֖ת אָכְלָ֣ם בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃ |
They all look to you To give them their food in its time. |
|
| Ps 104:28 | תִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם יִלְקֹט֑וּן תִּפְתַּ֥ח יָֽ֝דְךָ֗ יִשְׂבְּע֥וּן טֽוֹב׃ |
You provide for them, And they glean it. You open your hand, And they become satiated with goodness. |
|
| Ps 104:29 | תַּסְתִּ֥יר פָּנֶיךָ֮ יִֽבָּהֵ֫ל֥וּן תֹּסֵ֣ף ר֭וּחָם יִגְוָע֑וּן וְֽאֶל־עֲפָרָ֥ם יְשׁוּבֽוּן׃ |
When you hide your face, They are alarmed. When you gather up their spirit, They expire And return to their dust. |
|
| Ps 104:30 | תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח ר֭וּחֲךָ יִבָּרֵא֑וּן וּ֝תְחַדֵּ֗שׁ פְּנֵ֣י אֲדָמָֽה׃ |
When you send out your spirit, They are created, And you renew the face of the ground. |
|
| Ps 104:31 | יְהִ֤י כְב֣וֹד יְהוָ֣ה לְעוֹלָ֑ם יִשְׂמַ֖ח יְהוָ֣ה בְּמַעֲשָֽׂיו׃ |
May the glory of the Lord be age-abiding; The Lord rejoices in his works. |
|
| Ps 104:32 | הַמַּבִּ֣יט לָ֭אָרֶץ וַתִּרְעָ֑ד יִגַּ֖ע בֶּהָרִ֣ים וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃ |
When he looks at the earth, It trembles; When he strikes mountains, They emit smoke. |
when he (2x) ← (he) who ... and. |
| Ps 104:33 | אָשִׁ֣ירָה לַיהוָ֣ה בְּחַיָּ֑י אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה לֵאלֹהַ֣י בְּעוֹדִֽי׃ |
I will sing to the Lord While I live; I will make psalm melody to my God As long as I exist. |
while I live ← in my life. |
| Ps 104:34 | יֶעֱרַ֣ב עָלָ֣יו שִׂיחִ֑י אָ֝נֹכִ֗י אֶשְׂמַ֥ח בַּיהוָֽה׃ |
My meditation about him will be pleasant; I will rejoice in the Lord. |
|
| Ps 104:35 | יִתַּ֤מּוּ חַטָּאִ֨ים ׀ מִן־הָאָ֡רֶץ וּרְשָׁעִ֤ים ׀ ע֤וֹד אֵינָ֗ם בָּרֲכִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Sinners will be eliminated from the land, And as for the wicked, There will no longer be any of them. O my being, bless the Lord. Praise the Lord. |
being ← soul.
praise the Lord: the Hebrew gives the English (h)alleluia, as in Rev 19:1. |
| Ps 105:1 | הוֹד֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה קִרְא֣וּ בִּשְׁמ֑וֹ הוֹדִ֥יעוּ בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים עֲלִילוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, Call on his name; Make his deeds known Among the various peoples. |
|| 1 Chr 16:8. |
| Ps 105:2 | שִֽׁירוּ־ל֭וֹ זַמְּרוּ־ל֑וֹ שִׂ֝֗יחוּ בְּכָל־נִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Sing to him, Make psalm melody to him; Meditate on all his wonders. |
|| 1 Chr 16:9.
meditate: or speak of. |
| Ps 105:3 | הִֽ֭תְהַלְלוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח לֵ֤ב ׀ מְבַקְשֵׁ֬י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Boast in his holy name. Let the heart of those who seek the Lord rejoice. |
|| 1 Chr 16:10.
his holy name ← the name of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 105:4 | דִּרְשׁ֣וּ יְהוָ֣ה וְעֻזּ֑וֹ בַּקְּשׁ֖וּ פָנָ֣יו תָּמִֽיד׃ |
Search for the Lord and his strength; Seek his presence continually. |
|| 1 Chr 16:11.
presence ← face. |
| Ps 105:5 | זִכְר֗וּ נִפְלְאוֹתָ֥יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֑ה מֹ֝פְתָ֗יו וּמִשְׁפְּטֵי־פִֽיו׃ |
Remember his wonders Which he has performed – His miracles And the judgments of his mouth. |
|| 1 Chr 16:12.
of his mouth: i.e. which he pronounced. |
| Ps 105:6 | זֶ֭רַע אַבְרָהָ֣ם עַבְדּ֑וֹ בְּנֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב בְּחִירָֽיו׃ |
The seed of Abraham his servant – The sons of Jacob – Are his chosen ones. |
|| 1 Chr 16:13. |
| Ps 105:7 | ה֭וּא יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ בְּכָל־הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מִשְׁפָּטָֽיו׃ |
He is the Lord our God; His principles of justice Are in the whole land. |
|| 1 Chr 16:14. |
| Ps 105:8 | זָכַ֣ר לְעוֹלָ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ דָּבָ֥ר צִ֝וָּ֗ה לְאֶ֣לֶף דּֽוֹר׃ |
He remembers his covenant age-abidingly – The word he commanded to a thousand generations, |
|| 1 Chr 16:15. |
| Ps 105:9 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּ֭רַת אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וּשְׁב֖וּעָת֣וֹ לְיִשְׂחָֽק׃ |
The covenant which he made with Abraham – And his oath to Isaac |
|| 1 Chr 16:16.
Isaac: not the usual spelling (sin for tsadé), but also used in Jeremiah and Amos. |
| Ps 105:10 | וַיַּֽעֲמִידֶ֣הָ לְיַעֲקֹ֣ב לְחֹ֑ק לְ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Which he established as a statute to Jacob, And as an age-abiding covenant to Israel, |
|| 1 Chr 16:17. |
| Ps 105:11 | לֵאמֹ֗ר לְךָ֗ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנָ֑עַן חֶ֝֗בֶל נַחֲלַתְכֶֽם׃ |
When he said, “To you I will give the land of Canaan, The allocation of your inheritance”, |
|| 1 Chr 16:18. |
| Ps 105:12 | בִּֽ֭הְיוֹתָם מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֑ר כִּ֝מְעַ֗ט וְגָרִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ |
When they were a small company – Few, but residents in it. |
|| 1 Chr 16:19.
a small company ← men of (low) number. but residents in it: or and foreigners in it. |
| Ps 105:13 | וַֽ֭יִּתְהַלְּכוּ מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל־גּ֑וֹי מִ֝מַּמְלָכָ֗ה אֶל־עַ֥ם אַחֵֽר׃ |
And they went round from nation to nation – From one kingdom to another people. |
|| 1 Chr 16:20. |
| Ps 105:14 | לֹֽא־הִנִּ֣יחַ אָדָ֣ם לְעָשְׁקָ֑ם וַיּ֖וֹכַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מְלָכִֽים׃ |
He did not permit man to oppress them, And he reproved kings concerning them, |
|| 1 Chr 16:21. |
| Ps 105:15 | אַֽל־תִּגְּע֥וּ בִמְשִׁיחָ֑י וְ֝לִנְבִיאַי אַל־תָּרֵֽעוּ׃ |
Saying, “Do not touch my anointed ones, And do not harm my prophets.” |
|| 1 Chr 16:22. |
| Ps 105:16 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א רָ֭עָב עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כָּֽל־מַטֵּה־לֶ֥חֶם שָׁבָֽר׃ |
Then he called a famine on the land; He broke every supply of bread. |
supply ← staff. |
| Ps 105:17 | שָׁלַ֣ח לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם אִ֑ישׁ לְ֝עֶ֗בֶד נִמְכַּ֥ר יוֹסֵֽף׃ |
He sent a man before them, One sold as a servant – Joseph. |
|
| Ps 105:18 | עִנּ֣וּ בַכֶּ֣בֶל *רגליו **רַגְל֑וֹ בַּ֝רְזֶ֗ל בָּ֣אָה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
They afflicted his {K: feet} [Q: foot] with fetters; His being went into iron shackles |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 105:19 | עַד־עֵ֥ת בֹּֽא־דְבָר֑וֹ אִמְרַ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה צְרָפָֽתְהוּ׃ |
Until the time when his word came. The utterance of the Lord verified him. |
his word: [CB] interprets as Joseph's word interpreting dreams. But ultimately from the Lord.
verified ← refined, but also tried, proved (as genuine). |
| Ps 105:20 | שָׁ֣לַח מֶ֭לֶךְ וַיַּתִּירֵ֑הוּ מֹשֵׁ֥ל עַ֝מִּ֗ים וַֽיְפַתְּחֵֽהוּ׃ |
The king sent orders and released him – The ruler of nations – who unshackled him. |
|
| Ps 105:21 | שָׂמ֣וֹ אָד֣וֹן לְבֵית֑וֹ וּ֝מֹשֵׁ֗ל בְּכָל־קִנְיָנֽוֹ׃ |
He appointed him as master of his house And ruler over all his possessions, |
|
| Ps 105:22 | לֶאְסֹ֣ר שָׂרָ֣יו בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּזְקֵנָ֥יו יְחַכֵּֽם׃ |
With authority to bind his nobles at his will And to instruct his elders in wisdom. |
will ← soul. |
| Ps 105:23 | וַיָּבֹ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ֝יַעֲקֹ֗ב גָּ֣ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־חָֽם׃ |
Then Israel came to Egypt, And Jacob dwelt in the land of Ham. |
|
| Ps 105:24 | וַיֶּ֣פֶר אֶת־עַמּ֣וֹ מְאֹ֑ד וַ֝יַּֽעֲצִמֵהוּ מִצָּרָֽיו׃ |
And he made his people very fruitful, And he made them stronger than their adversaries. |
|
| Ps 105:25 | הָפַ֣ךְ לִ֭בָּם לִשְׂנֹ֣א עַמּ֑וֹ לְ֝הִתְנַכֵּ֗ל בַּעֲבָדָֽיו׃ |
He changed their heart to hate his people – To plot against his servants. |
their heart: i.e. the heart of Israel's adversaries. |
| Ps 105:26 | שָׁ֭לַח מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֑וֹ אַ֝הֲרֹ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽחַר־בּֽוֹ׃ |
He sent Moses his servant And Aaron whom he had chosen. |
|
| Ps 105:27 | שָֽׂמוּ־בָ֭ם דִּבְרֵ֣י אֹתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מֹפְתִ֗ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָֽם׃ |
They performed the matters of his signs among them And the miracles in the land of Ham. |
|
| Ps 105:28 | שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת־*דברוו **דְּבָרֽוֹ׃ |
He sent darkness and made it dark, And they did not rebel against his word. |
his word: the ketiv is irregular and stands for either his word or his words. |
| Ps 105:29 | הָפַ֣ךְ אֶת־מֵימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֝יָּ֗מֶת אֶת־דְּגָתָֽם׃ |
He turned their water to blood And caused their fish to die. |
|
| Ps 105:30 | שָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Their land swarmed with frogs Which came into the rooms of their kings. |
|
| Ps 105:31 | אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ |
He spoke, and the gadfly came, And lice in all of their country. |
gadfly: see Ex 8:16 (Ex 8:20AV).
country ← border. |
| Ps 105:32 | נָתַ֣ן גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣ם בָּרָ֑ד אֵ֖שׁ לֶהָב֣וֹת בְּאַרְצָֽם׃ |
He transformed their rain into hail, And there was blazing fire in their land. |
transformed ← gave, set.
blazing fire ← fire of flames, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 105:33 | וַיַּ֣ךְ גַּ֭פְנָם וּתְאֵנָתָ֑ם וַ֝יְשַׁבֵּ֗ר עֵ֣ץ גְּבוּלָֽם׃ |
And he struck their vines and their fig trees And broke the trees of their territory. |
vines ... fig trees ← vine ... fig tree. Collective usage.
territory ← border. |
| Ps 105:34 | אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א אַרְבֶּ֑ה וְ֝יֶ֗לֶק וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
He spoke, and the swarming locusts came, And the devouring locusts, Which were countless in number. |
|
| Ps 105:35 | וַיֹּ֣אכַל כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗אכַל פְּרִ֣י אַדְמָתָֽם׃ |
And they ate all the herbage in their land, And they consumed the fruit of their ground. |
ate ... consumed ← ate ... ate. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 105:36 | וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּאַרְצָ֑ם רֵ֝אשִׁ֗ית לְכָל־אוֹנָֽם׃ |
Then he struck every firstborn in their land – The prime of all their strength. |
|
| Ps 105:37 | וַֽ֭יּוֹצִיאֵם בְּכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֖ין בִּשְׁבָטָ֣יו כּוֹשֵֽׁל׃ |
And he brought them out with silver and gold, And there was no-one in their tribes who faltered. |
|
| Ps 105:38 | שָׂמַ֣ח מִצְרַ֣יִם בְּצֵאתָ֑ם כִּֽי־נָפַ֖ל פַּחְדָּ֣ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Egypt was pleased at their departure, For a feeling of dread of them had fallen upon them. |
dread of them ← their dread, an objective genitive (Egypt dreads them). A subjective genitive is also possible a dread of theirs, i.e. of Egypt's. |
| Ps 105:39 | פָּרַ֣שׂ עָנָ֣ן לְמָסָ֑ךְ וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לְהָאִ֥יר לָֽיְלָה׃ |
He spread out a cloud as a covering, And a fire to give light by night. |
|
| Ps 105:40 | שָׁאַ֣ל וַיָּבֵ֣א שְׂלָ֑ו וְלֶ֥חֶם שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽם׃ |
The people asked, and he brought quails, And he satiated them with bread of heaven. |
|
| Ps 105:41 | פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃ |
He opened a rock, and water flowed; It ran like a river in an arid place. |
an arid place ← droughts. |
| Ps 105:42 | כִּֽי־זָ֭כַר אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ אֶֽת־אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ |
For he remembered his holy word And Abraham his servant. |
his holy word ← word of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 105:43 | וַיּוֹצִ֣א עַמּ֣וֹ בְשָׂשׂ֑וֹן בְּ֝רִנָּ֗ה אֶת־בְּחִירָֽיו׃ |
And he brought out his people with rejoicing – His elect with singing for joy. |
|
| Ps 105:44 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם אַרְצ֣וֹת גּוֹיִ֑ם וַעֲמַ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֣ים יִירָֽשׁוּ׃ |
And he gave them lands of the Gentiles, And they inherited the labours of various peoples, |
|
| Ps 105:45 | בַּעֲב֤וּר ׀ יִשְׁמְר֣וּ חֻ֭קָּיו וְתוֹרֹתָ֥יו יִנְצֹ֗רוּ הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
So that they might keep his statutes And maintain his laws. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 106:1 | הַֽלְלוּיָ֨הּ ׀ הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Praise the Lord; Give thanks to the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|| 1 Chr 16:34. |
| Ps 106:2 | מִ֗י יְ֭מַלֵּל גְּבוּר֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה יַ֝שְׁמִ֗יעַ כָּל־תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Who can put the Lord's mighty deeds into words Or express all his praiseworthiness? |
express ← make heard.
praiseworthiness ← praise, but with wider scope. |
| Ps 106:3 | אַ֭שְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֑ט עֹשֵׂ֖ה צְדָקָ֣ה בְכָל־עֵֽת׃ |
Happy are those who maintain justice, And he who acts righteously at all times. |
righteously ← righteousness; adverbial use of the noun. |
| Ps 106:4 | זָכְרֵ֣נִי יְ֭הוָה בִּרְצ֣וֹן עַמֶּ֑ךָ פָּ֝קְדֵ֗נִי בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Remember me, O Lord, In good pleasure towards your people; Visit me with your salvation |
towards your people ← of your people, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 106:5 | לִרְא֤וֹת ׀ בְּט֘וֹבַ֤ת בְּחִירֶ֗יךָ לִ֭שְׂמֹחַ בְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת גּוֹיֶ֑ךָ לְ֝הִתְהַלֵּ֗ל עִם־נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃ |
So as to see the goodness towards your elect, To rejoice in the joy of your nation And to boast with your inheritance. |
towards your elect ← of your elect, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 106:6 | חָטָ֥אנוּ עִם־אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ הֶעֱוִ֥ינוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ |
We have sinned, Along with our fathers. We have committed iniquity; We have acted wickedly. |
|
| Ps 106:7 | אֲב֘וֹתֵ֤ינוּ בְמִצְרַ֨יִם ׀ לֹא־הִשְׂכִּ֬ילוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א זָ֭כְרוּ אֶת־רֹ֣ב חֲסָדֶ֑יךָ וַיַּמְר֖וּ עַל־יָ֣ם בְּיַם־סֽוּף׃ |
Our fathers in Egypt did not profit from the instruction of your wonders. They did not remember the abundance of your kind deeds, And they rebelled at the sea – At the Red Sea. |
|
| Ps 106:8 | וַֽ֭יּוֹשִׁיעֵם לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמ֑וֹ לְ֝הוֹדִ֗יעַ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֽוֹ׃ |
But he saved them for his name's sake, To make his might known. |
|
| Ps 106:9 | וַיִּגְעַ֣ר בְּיַם־ס֭וּף וַֽיֶּחֱרָ֑ב וַיּוֹלִיכֵ֥ם בַּ֝תְּהֹמ֗וֹת כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
So he rebuked the Red Sea, And it dried up, And he led them through the depths As though through the desert. |
|
| Ps 106:10 | וַֽ֭יּוֹשִׁיעֵם מִיַּ֣ד שׂוֹנֵ֑א וַ֝יִּגְאָלֵ֗ם מִיַּ֥ד אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
Then he saved them from the hand of him who hated them, And he redeemed them from the grip of the enemy. |
grip of the enemy ← hand of the enemy. |
| Ps 106:11 | וַיְכַסּוּ־מַ֥יִם צָרֵיהֶ֑ם אֶחָ֥ד מֵ֝הֶ֗ם לֹ֣א נוֹתָֽר׃ |
But the water covered their adversaries; Not one of them remained. |
|
| Ps 106:12 | וַיַּאֲמִ֥ינוּ בִדְבָרָ֑יו יָ֝שִׁ֗ירוּ תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Then they believed his words, And they sang his praise. |
|
| Ps 106:13 | מִֽ֭הֲרוּ שָׁכְח֣וּ מַעֲשָׂ֑יו לֹֽא־חִ֝כּ֗וּ לַעֲצָתֽוֹ׃ |
But they quickly forgot his works, And they did not wait for his counsel. |
|
| Ps 106:14 | וַיִּתְאַוּ֣וּ תַ֭אֲוָה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֝֗ל בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃ |
And they had a great longing in the desert, And they tempted God in the wasteland. |
had a great longing ← longed a longing (cognate verb and noun). |
| Ps 106:15 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם שֶׁאֱלָתָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח רָז֣וֹן בְּנַפְשָֽׁם׃ |
Then he granted them their request. Then he sent leanness to their condition. |
condition ← soul. |
| Ps 106:16 | וַיְקַנְא֣וּ לְ֭מֹשֶׁה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה לְ֝אַהֲרֹ֗ן קְד֣וֹשׁ יְהוָֽה׃ |
At this they envied Moses in the camp, And Aaron the Lord's holy man. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
envied: perhaps here, were ungrateful to / disaffected with. |
| Ps 106:17 | תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֭רֶץ וַתִּבְלַ֣ע דָּתָ֑ן וַ֝תְּכַ֗ס עַל־עֲדַ֥ת אֲבִירָֽם׃ |
The earth opened and swallowed Dathan, And it smothered the confederacy of Abiram. |
|
| Ps 106:18 | וַתִּבְעַר־אֵ֥שׁ בַּעֲדָתָ֑ם לֶ֝הָבָ֗ה תְּלַהֵ֥ט רְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
And a fire burned in their confederacy; A flame set the wicked on fire. |
|
| Ps 106:19 | יַעֲשׂוּ־עֵ֥גֶל בְּחֹרֵ֑ב וַ֝יִּשְׁתַּחֲו֗וּ לְמַסֵּכָֽה׃ |
They made a calf at Horeb, And they worshipped a cast image. |
Horeb: also known as Sinai. |
| Ps 106:20 | וַיָּמִ֥ירוּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדָ֑ם בְּתַבְנִ֥ית שׁ֝֗וֹר אֹכֵ֥ל עֵֽשֶׂב׃ |
And they exchanged {P: my glory} [M: their glory] For the likeness of an ox that eats grass. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= כְּבוֹדִי. AV differs. |
| Ps 106:21 | שָׁ֭כְחוּ אֵ֣ל מוֹשִׁיעָ֑ם עֹשֶׂ֖ה גְדֹל֣וֹת בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
They forgot God their saviour, Who performed great deeds in Egypt, |
|
| Ps 106:22 | נִ֭פְלָאוֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָ֑ם נ֝וֹרָא֗וֹת עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃ |
Wonders in the land of Ham And awesome deeds at the Red Sea. |
|
| Ps 106:23 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְֽהַשְׁמִ֫ידָ֥ם לוּלֵ֡י מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה בְחִיר֗וֹ עָמַ֣ד בַּפֶּ֣רֶץ לְפָנָ֑יו לְהָשִׁ֥יב חֲ֝מָת֗וֹ מֵֽהַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
Then he declared that he would have destroyed them, If Moses his chosen one had not stood at the breach before him To turn away his fury From ravaging them. |
|
| Ps 106:24 | וַֽ֭יִּמְאֲסוּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֑ה לֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ לִדְבָרֽוֹ׃ |
And they rejected the pleasant land; They did not believe his word. |
|
| Ps 106:25 | וַיֵּרָגְנ֥וּ בְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָֽה׃ |
And they grumbled in their tents; They did not listen to the voice of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 106:26 | וַיִּשָּׂ֣א יָד֣וֹ לָהֶ֑ם לְהַפִּ֥יל א֝וֹתָ֗ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
Then he raised his hand against them To strike them down in the desert, |
strike ... down ← bring ... down. |
| Ps 106:27 | וּלְהַפִּ֣יל זַ֭רְעָם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְזָרוֹתָ֗ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ |
And to strike their seed down among the Gentiles, And to scatter them among the various countries. |
strike ... down ← bring ... down. |
| Ps 106:28 | וַ֭יִּצָּ֣מְדוּ לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַ֝יֹּאכְל֗וּ זִבְחֵ֥י מֵתִֽים׃ |
Then they yoked themselves to Baal-Peor, And they ate sacrifices offered to the dead. |
offered to the dead ← of the dead. Wider use of the construct case. |
| Ps 106:29 | וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתִּפְרָץ־בָּ֝֗ם מַגֵּפָֽה׃ |
And they provoked him to anger by their deeds, So that a plague broke out among them. |
|
| Ps 106:30 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד פִּֽ֭ינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּ֑ל וַ֝תֵּעָצַ֗ר הַמַּגֵּפָֽה׃ |
But Phinehas stood up and acted as judge, So the plague was arrested. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| Ps 106:31 | וַתֵּחָ֣שֶׁב ל֭וֹ לִצְדָקָ֑ה לְדֹ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And it was accounted to him as righteousness For generation after generation age-abidingly. |
for generation after generation ← for generation and generation. |
| Ps 106:32 | וַ֭יַּקְצִיפוּ עַל־מֵ֥י מְרִיבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥רַע לְ֝מֹשֶׁ֗ה בַּעֲבוּרָֽם׃ |
Then they angered him at the waters of Meribah, And it was hurtful to Moses because of them, |
Meribah: AV differs, translating here (strife). |
| Ps 106:33 | כִּֽי־הִמְר֥וּ אֶת־רוּח֑וֹ וַ֝יְבַטֵּ֗א בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו׃ |
For they resisted his spirit. Then he spoke rashly with his lips. |
|
| Ps 106:34 | לֹֽא־הִ֭שְׁמִידוּ אֶת־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה לָהֶֽם׃ |
They did not destroy the peoples Which the Lord had told them to. |
|
| Ps 106:35 | וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ |
Then they mingled with the Gentiles, And they learned their practices, |
|
| Ps 106:36 | וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֑ם וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָהֶ֣ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ |
And they served their idols, Which became a snare to them. |
|
| Ps 106:37 | וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ אֶת־בְּ֭נֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם לַשֵּֽׁדִים׃ |
Then they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons. |
|
| Ps 106:38 | וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃ |
So they shed innocent blood – The blood of their sons and their daughters Whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan – And the land was defiled with blood. |
blood ← bloods, i.e. deeds of bloodshed. |
| Ps 106:39 | וַיִּטְמְא֥וּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּזְנוּ֗ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
So they became unclean through their practices, And they prostituted themselves through their actions. |
|
| Ps 106:40 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֣ה בְּעַמּ֑וֹ וַ֝יְתָעֵ֗ב אֶת־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ |
And the anger of the Lord was kindled against his people, And he loathed his own inheritance. |
|
| Ps 106:41 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּיַד־גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ בָ֝הֶ֗ם שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And he delivered them into the hands of Gentiles, And those who hated them Ruled over them. |
hands ← hand. |
| Ps 106:42 | וַיִּלְחָצ֥וּם אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּכָּנְע֗וּ תַּ֣חַת יָדָֽם׃ |
And their enemies oppressed them, And they were brought low under their power. |
power ← hand. |
| Ps 106:43 | פְּעָמִ֥ים רַבּ֗וֹת יַצִּ֫ילֵ֥ם וְ֭הֵמָּה יַמְר֣וּ בַעֲצָתָ֑ם וַ֝יָּמֹ֗כּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָֽם׃ |
Many were the times that he delivered them, But they rebelled in their counsel, And they degenerated in their iniquity. |
|
| Ps 106:44 | וַ֭יַּרְא בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם בְּ֝שָׁמְע֗וֹ אֶת־רִנָּתָֽם׃ |
But he had an eye to their adversity When he heard their crying out. |
|
| Ps 106:45 | וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר לָהֶ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ וַ֝יִּנָּחֵ֗ם כְּרֹ֣ב *חסדו **חֲסָדָֽיו׃ |
He remembered his covenant which they had, And he had compassion According to the abundance of his {K: kindness} [Q: kindnesses]. |
|
| Ps 106:46 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אוֹתָ֣ם לְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִ֝פְנֵ֗י כָּל־שׁוֹבֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Then he made them objects of mercy Before all those who had held them in captivity. |
made them objects of mercy ← gave them to mercy. |
| Ps 106:47 | הוֹשִׁיעֵ֨נוּ ׀ יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְקַבְּצֵנוּ֮ מִֽן־הַגּ֫וֹיִ֥ם לְ֭הֹדוֹת לְשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ לְ֝הִשְׁתַּבֵּ֗חַ בִּתְהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
Save us, O Lord our God, And gather us out of the Gentiles To give thanks to your holy name And to exult in praise of you. |
|| 1 Chr 16:35.
your holy name ← the name of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. exult: or, as [BDB], [AnLx], [Ges-HCL], boast. [ST] has celebrate. praise of you ← your praise, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 106:48 | בָּר֤וּךְ־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֪י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל מִן־הָ֤עוֹלָ֨ם ׀ וְעַ֬ד הָעוֹלָ֗ם וְאָמַ֖ר כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אָמֵ֗ן הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel From age to age, And let all the people say, “Amen, praise the Lord.” |
|| 1 Chr 16:36. |
| Ps 107:1 | הֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Praise the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 107:2 | יֹ֭אמְרוּ גְּאוּלֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר גְּ֝אָלָ֗ם מִיַּד־צָֽר׃ |
Let the Lord's redeemed speak out – Those whom he redeemed from the grip of the adversary |
grip ← hand. |
| Ps 107:3 | וּֽמֵאֲרָצ֗וֹת קִ֫בְּצָ֥ם מִמִּזְרָ֥ח וּמִֽמַּעֲרָ֑ב מִצָּפ֥וֹן וּמִיָּֽם׃ |
And gathered from the various countries, From the east and from the west, And from the north and from the south. |
the south ← the sea, i.e., [CB], the Red Sea. |
| Ps 107:4 | תָּע֣וּ בַ֭מִּדְבָּר בִּישִׁימ֣וֹן דָּ֑רֶךְ עִ֥יר מ֝וֹשָׁ֗ב לֹ֣א מָצָֽאוּ׃ |
They wandered in the desert – A journey through wasteland. They did not find an inhabitable city. |
inhabitable city ← city of dwelling, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 107:5 | רְעֵבִ֥ים גַּם־צְמֵאִ֑ים נַ֝פְשָׁ֗ם בָּהֶ֥ם תִּתְעַטָּֽף׃ |
Hungry and thirsty too, Their willpower in them flagged. |
hungry and thirsty: some may deprecate this as a dangling nominative, but (1) it is as the Hebrew and (2) it can be considered concordant with “in them”.
willpower ← soul. |
| Ps 107:6 | וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם מִ֝מְּצֽוּקוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם יַצִּילֵֽם׃ |
Then they cried out to the Lord in their adversity. He delivered them from their predicament, |
predicament ← straitnesses. |
| Ps 107:7 | וַ֭יַּֽדְרִיכֵם בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ יְשָׁרָ֑ה לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת אֶל־עִ֥יר מוֹשָֽׁב׃ |
And he guided their steps On a way that was right, So as to arrive at an inhabitable city. |
guided their steps ← caused them to tread.
an inhabitable city ← a city of dwelling, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 107:8 | יוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Let them give thanks to the Lord for his kindness And for his wonders to the sons of Adam, |
|
| Ps 107:9 | כִּי־הִ֭שְׂבִּיעַ נֶ֣פֶשׁ שֹׁקֵקָ֑ה וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ רְ֝עֵבָה מִלֵּא־טֽוֹב׃ |
For he satiates a person pacing up and down And fills a hungry person with goodness. |
person (2x) ← soul. |
| Ps 107:10 | יֹ֭שְׁבֵי חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָ֑וֶת אֲסִירֵ֖י עֳנִ֣י וּבַרְזֶֽל׃ |
As for those who dwell in darkness and the shadow of death – Prisoners in affliction and irons – |
prisoners in ← prisoners of. Wider use of the construct state.
irons ← iron, standing for iron fetters. |
| Ps 107:11 | כִּֽי־הִמְר֥וּ אִמְרֵי־אֵ֑ל וַעֲצַ֖ת עֶלְי֣וֹן נָאָֽצוּ׃ |
Because they rebelled against the words of God And despised the counsel of the Most High, |
|
| Ps 107:12 | וַיַּכְנַ֣ע בֶּעָמָ֣ל לִבָּ֑ם כָּ֝שְׁל֗וּ וְאֵ֣ין עֹזֵֽר׃ |
He brought their heart down with toil. They stumbled, And there was no-one to help. |
to help ← helping. |
| Ps 107:13 | וַיִּזְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם מִ֝מְּצֻֽקוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם יוֹשִׁיעֵֽם׃ |
When they shouted out to the Lord in their adversity, He saved them from their predicament. |
predicament: see Ps 107:6. |
| Ps 107:14 | יֽ֭וֹצִיאֵם מֵחֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָ֑וֶת וּמוֹסְר֖וֹתֵיהֶ֣ם יְנַתֵּֽק׃ |
He brought them out from darkness and the shadow of death, And he unfastened their bonds. |
|
| Ps 107:15 | יוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Let them give thanks to the Lord for his kindness And for his wonders to the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 107:16 | כִּֽי־שִׁ֭בַּר דַּלְת֣וֹת נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וּבְרִיחֵ֖י בַרְזֶ֣ל גִּדֵּֽעַ׃ |
For he has shivered copper doors in pieces And shattered iron bolts. |
|
| Ps 107:17 | אֱ֭וִלִים מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ פִּשְׁעָ֑ם וּֽ֝מֵעֲוֺֽנֹתֵיהֶ֗ם יִתְעַנּֽוּ׃ |
Fools, because of their transgression, And because of their iniquities, Suffer affliction. |
|
| Ps 107:18 | כָּל־אֹ֭כֶל תְּתַעֵ֣ב נַפְשָׁ֑ם וַ֝יַּגִּ֗יעוּ עַד־שַׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃ |
Their very being abhors all food, And they have reached the gates of death. |
very being ← soul. |
| Ps 107:19 | וַיִּזְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם מִ֝מְּצֻֽקוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם יוֹשִׁיעֵֽם׃ |
When they shouted out to the Lord in their adversity, He saved them from their predicament. |
predicament: see Ps 107:6. |
| Ps 107:20 | יִשְׁלַ֣ח דְּ֭בָרוֹ וְיִרְפָּאֵ֑ם וִֽ֝ימַלֵּ֗ט מִשְּׁחִיתוֹתָֽם׃ ׆ |
He sends his word and heals them, And delivers them from their demise. |
demise ← pits, perhaps standing for graves.
Ps 107:20 - Ps 107:25, and Ps 107:39, and also Num 10:34 and Num 10:36, have ↴ |
| Ps 107:21 | יוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ ׆ |
Let them give thanks to the Lord for his kindness And for his wonders to the sons of Adam. |
↳ inverted nuns, indicating that the Sopherim thought the verses should be transposed. See [CB]. |
| Ps 107:22 | וְ֭יִזְבְּחוּ זִבְחֵ֣י תוֹדָ֑ה וִֽיסַפְּר֖וּ מַעֲשָׂ֣יו בְּרִנָּֽה׃ ׆ |
And let them offer sacrifices of thanksgiving, And let them relate his deeds With shouting for joy. |
offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ps 107:23 | יוֹרְדֵ֣י הַ֭יָּם בָּאֳנִיּ֑וֹת עֹשֵׂ֥י מְ֝לָאכָ֗ה בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּֽים׃ ׆ |
Those who go down to the sea in ships To do business across great waters |
across ← in; on; near. |
| Ps 107:24 | הֵ֣מָּה רָ֭אוּ מַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו בִּמְצוּלָֽה׃ ׆ |
Are who have seen the Lord's works And his wonders in the deep. |
|
| Ps 107:25 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר וַֽ֭יַּעֲמֵד ר֣וּחַ סְעָרָ֑ה וַתְּרוֹמֵ֥ם גַּלָּֽיו׃ ׆ |
For he spoke and set up a stormwind, And it lifted up its waves. |
|
| Ps 107:26 | יַעֲל֣וּ שָׁ֭מַיִם יֵרְד֣וּ תְהוֹמ֑וֹת נַ֝פְשָׁ֗ם בְּרָעָ֥ה תִתְמוֹגָֽג׃ |
They rise to heaven, They descend to the depths; Their mind despairs in trouble. |
they rise: referring to the waves, or preferably, the sailors being lifted up by them.
mind ← soul. |
| Ps 107:27 | יָח֣וֹגּוּ וְ֭יָנוּעוּ כַּשִּׁכּ֑וֹר וְכָל־חָ֝כְמָתָ֗ם תִּתְבַּלָּֽע׃ |
They reel and they stagger like a drunkard; All their wisdom evaporates. |
evaporates ← swallows itself up. |
| Ps 107:28 | וַיִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וּֽ֝מִמְּצֽוּקֹתֵיהֶ֗ם יוֹצִיאֵֽם׃ |
Then they cried out to the Lord in their adversity, And he delivered them from their predicament. |
|
| Ps 107:29 | יָקֵ֣ם סְ֭עָרָה לִדְמָמָ֑ה וַ֝יֶּחֱשׁ֗וּ גַּלֵּיהֶֽם׃ |
He brought the storm to a standstill, And its waves became quiet. |
its waves ← their waves. |
| Ps 107:30 | וַיִּשְׂמְח֥וּ כִֽי־יִשְׁתֹּ֑קוּ וַ֝יַּנְחֵ֗ם אֶל־מְח֥וֹז חֶפְצָֽם׃ |
Then they were pleased that they had abated, And he conducted them to the harbour of their choice. |
of their choice ← of their desire. |
| Ps 107:31 | יוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
Let them give thanks to the Lord for his kindness And for his wonders to the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 107:32 | וִֽ֭ירֹמְמוּהוּ בִּקְהַל־עָ֑ם וּבְמוֹשַׁ֖ב זְקֵנִ֣ים יְהַלְלֽוּהוּ׃ |
And may they exalt him in the convocation of the people And praise him in the session of the elders. |
|
| Ps 107:33 | יָשֵׂ֣ם נְהָר֣וֹת לְמִדְבָּ֑ר וּמֹצָ֥אֵי מַ֝֗יִם לְצִמָּאֽוֹן׃ |
He turns rivers into a desert, And water-sources into thirsty land, |
|
| Ps 107:34 | אֶ֣רֶץ פְּ֭רִי לִמְלֵחָ֑ה מֵ֝רָעַ֗ת יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ |
And fruitful land into a salty landscape, On account of the evil of those who dwell in it. |
fruitful land ← land of fruit, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 107:35 | יָשֵׂ֣ם מִ֭דְבָּר לַֽאֲגַם־מַ֑יִם וְאֶ֥רֶץ צִ֝יָּ֗ה לְמֹצָ֥אֵי מָֽיִם׃ |
He makes the desert a pool of water, And the arid land sources of water. |
|
| Ps 107:36 | וַיּ֣וֹשֶׁב שָׁ֣ם רְעֵבִ֑ים וַ֝יְכוֹנְנ֗וּ עִ֣יר מוֹשָֽׁב׃ |
Then he housed those who were hungry there, And they established an inhabitable city. |
|
| Ps 107:37 | וַיִּזְרְע֣וּ שָׂ֭דוֹת וַיִּטְּע֣וּ כְרָמִ֑ים וַ֝יַּעֲשׂ֗וּ פְּרִ֣י תְבֽוּאָה׃ |
Then they sowed the fields and planted vineyards, Which yielded a fruitful crop. |
a fruitful crop ← fruit of a crop. |
| Ps 107:38 | וַיְבָרֲכֵ֣ם וַיִּרְבּ֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וּ֝בְהֶמְתָּ֗ם לֹ֣א יַמְעִֽיט׃ |
Then he blessed them, and they increased greatly, And he did not let their cattle become few. |
|
| Ps 107:39 | וַיִּמְעֲט֥וּ וַיָּשֹׁ֑חוּ מֵעֹ֖צֶר רָעָ֣ה וְיָגֽוֹן׃ ׆ |
But they decreased and were brought low, Owing to oppression, harm and grief. |
oppression: or infertility. |
| Ps 107:40 | שֹׁפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל־נְדִיבִ֑ים וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא־דָֽרֶךְ׃ |
He poured out contempt on nobles, And he made them wander in a desolate place Where there is no trail. |
|
| Ps 107:41 | וַיְשַׂגֵּ֣ב אֶבְי֣וֹן מֵע֑וֹנִי וַיָּ֥שֶׂם כַּ֝צֹּ֗אן מִשְׁפָּחֽוֹת׃ |
But he lifted the poor man out of his affliction, And he appointed him families like a flock. |
|
| Ps 107:42 | יִרְא֣וּ יְשָׁרִ֣ים וְיִשְׂמָ֑חוּ וְכָל־עַ֝וְלָ֗ה קָ֣פְצָה פִּֽיהָ׃ |
The upright will see it and rejoice, And all injustice will shut its mouth. |
|
| Ps 107:43 | מִי־חָכָ֥ם וְיִשְׁמָר־אֵ֑לֶּה וְ֝יִתְבּֽוֹנְנ֗וּ חַֽסְדֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Whoever is wise will keep these things, And they will have understanding of the Lord's kindness. |
kindness ← kindnesses. |
| Ps 108:1 | שִׁ֖יר מִזְמ֣וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ | A Song. A Psalm of David. | |
| Ps 108:2 Ps 108:1AV |
נָכ֣וֹן לִבִּ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָשִׁ֥ירָה וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה אַף־כְּבוֹדִֽי׃ |
My heart is resolved, O God; Let me sing And make psalm melody, And that in my glorying. |
|| Ps 57:8 (Ps 57:7AV).
and that ← also, indeed, but with a wider scope. my glorying ← my glory, but ↴ |
| Ps 108:3 Ps 108:2AV |
ע֭וּרָֽה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר׃ |
Awake, O lute and harp; Let me awake at dawn. |
↳ we take it as a subjective genitive, directed outward.
|| Ps 57:9 (Ps 57:8AV). |
| Ps 108:4 Ps 108:3AV |
אוֹדְךָ֖ בָעַמִּ֥ים ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וַ֝אֲזַמֶּרְךָ֗ בַּל־אֻמִּֽים׃ |
I will give thanks to you among the various peoples, O Lord; I will make psalm melody to you among the nations. |
|| Ps 57:10 (Ps 57:9AV).
among the nations: we discount the maqqef, as in Ps 44:15 (Ps 44:14AV). |
| Ps 108:5 Ps 108:4AV |
כִּֽי־גָד֣וֹל מֵֽעַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽעַד־שְׁחָקִ֥ים אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
For your kindness from high above the heavens is great, As is your truth reaching up to the sky. |
|| Ps 57:11 (Ps 57:10AV). |
| Ps 108:6 Ps 108:5AV |
ר֣וּמָה עַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ |
May you be exalted over the heavens, O God; May your glory be over all the earth. |
|| Ps 57:12 (Ps 57:11AV). |
| Ps 108:7 Ps 108:6AV |
לְ֭מַעַן יֵחָלְצ֣וּן יְדִידֶ֑יךָ הוֹשִׁ֖יעָה יְמִֽינְךָ֣ וַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
In order that your beloved ones may be delivered, Oh save with your right hand, And answer me. |
|| Ps 60:7 (Ps 60:5AV). |
| Ps 108:8 Ps 108:7AV |
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ דִּבֶּ֥ר בְּקָדְשׁ֗וֹ אֶעְלֹ֥זָה אֲחַלְּקָ֥ה שְׁכֶ֑ם וְעֵ֖מֶק סֻכּ֣וֹת אֲמַדֵּֽד׃ |
God has said in his holiness, “I will rejoice, I will apportion Shechem; I will allot the Valley of Succoth. |
|| Ps 60:8 (Ps 60:6AV).
holiness: or holy place. allot ← measure. |
| Ps 108:9 Ps 108:8AV |
לִ֤י גִלְעָ֨ד ׀ לִ֤י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה וְ֭אֶפְרַיִם מָע֣וֹז רֹאשִׁ֑י יְ֝הוּדָ֗ה מְחֹקְקִֽי׃ |
Gilead is mine, Manasseh is mine, And Ephraim is the stronghold of my head; Judah is my lawgiver. |
|| Ps 60:9 (Ps 60:7AV).
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Ps 108:10 Ps 108:9AV |
מוֹאָ֤ב ׀ סִ֬יר רַחְצִ֗י עַל־אֱ֭דוֹם אַשְׁלִ֣יךְ נַעֲלִ֑י עֲלֵֽי־פְ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת אֶתְרוֹעָֽע׃ |
Moab is my washing basin, At Edom I will cast my shoe; Over Philistia, I will shout in triumph.” |
|| Ps 60:10 (Ps 60:8AV).
cast my shoe: see Ps 60:10 (Ps 60:8AV). shout in triumph: from root רוע. Contrast Ps 60:10 (Ps 60:8AV). |
| Ps 108:11 Ps 108:10AV |
מִ֣י יֹ֭בִלֵנִי עִ֣יר מִבְצָ֑ר מִ֖י נָחַ֣נִי עַד־אֱדֽוֹם׃ |
Who will bring me to a fortified city? Who will lead me to Edom? |
|| Ps 60:11 (Ps 60:9AV). |
| Ps 108:12 Ps 108:11AV |
הֲלֹֽא־אֱלֹהִ֥ים זְנַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְֽלֹא־תֵצֵ֥א אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים בְּצִבְאֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
Have you not, O God, Been averse to us? And will you not, O God, Go out with our armies? |
|| Ps 60:12 (Ps 60:10AV). |
| Ps 108:13 Ps 108:12AV |
הָֽבָה־לָּ֣נוּ עֶזְרָ֣ת מִצָּ֑ר וְ֝שָׁ֗וְא תְּשׁוּעַ֥ת אָדָֽם׃ |
Oh give us help in adversity, For man's salvation is false. |
|| Ps 60:13 (Ps 60:11AV).
in adversity ← from adversity. for: causal use of the vav. |
| Ps 108:14 Ps 108:13AV |
בֵּֽאלֹהִ֥ים נַעֲשֶׂה־חָ֑יִל וְ֝ה֗וּא יָב֥וּס צָרֵֽינוּ׃ |
Let us act valiantly through God, And he will trample on our adversaries. |
|| Ps 60:14 (Ps 60:12AV). |
| Ps 109:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ לְדָוִ֣ד מִזְמ֑וֹר אֱלֹהֵ֥י תְ֝הִלָּתִ֗י אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַֽשׁ׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. O God of my praise, Do not be silent. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 109:2 | כִּ֤י פִ֪י רָשָׁ֡ע וּֽפִי־מִ֭רְמָה עָלַ֣י פָּתָ֑חוּ דִּבְּר֥וּ אִ֝תִּ֗י לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
For a wicked mouth And a deceitful mouth Have opened against me. They have spoken against me With a lying tongue. |
a deceitful mouth ← a mouth of deceit, a Hebraic genitive.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| Ps 109:3 | וְדִבְרֵ֣י שִׂנְאָ֣ה סְבָב֑וּנִי וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֥וּנִי חִנָּֽם׃ |
And words of hatred surround me, And they battle against me gratuitously. |
AV differs in syntactical arrangement. |
| Ps 109:4 | תַּֽחַת־אַהֲבָתִ֥י יִשְׂטְנ֗וּנִי וַאֲנִ֥י תְפִלָּֽה׃ |
In return for my love they oppose me, And I am all prayer. |
|
| Ps 109:5 | וַיָּ֘שִׂ֤ימוּ עָלַ֣י רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה וְ֝שִׂנְאָ֗ה תַּ֣חַת אַהֲבָתִֽי׃ |
And they have plotted wickedness against me in return for goodness, And hatred in return for my love. |
|
| Ps 109:6 | הַפְקֵ֣ד עָלָ֣יו רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝שָׂטָ֗ן יַעֲמֹ֥ד עַל־יְמִינֽוֹ׃ |
Appoint a wicked one over him, So that Satan stands at his right hand. |
Satan: or an adversary.
AV differs, opening quotation marks here and closing them at Ps 109:16, taking the words not as David's, but as those of his enemies. This is possible, and if so could better be extended to Ps 109:19 or Ps 109:20. |
| Ps 109:7 | בְּ֭הִשָּׁ֣פְטוֹ יֵצֵ֣א רָשָׁ֑ע וּ֝תְפִלָּת֗וֹ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לַֽחֲטָאָֽה׃ |
When he is judged, Let condemnation be pronounced, And let his prayer become sin. |
condemnation ← the wicked (matter). See Ps 111:8 for a similar substantivization.
be pronounced ← go out / issue. |
| Ps 109:8 | יִֽהְיֽוּ־יָמָ֥יו מְעַטִּ֑ים פְּ֝קֻדָּת֗וֹ יִקַּ֥ח אַחֵֽר׃ |
May his days be few; Let another person take his office. |
Acts 1:20.
office: or office of oversight. |
| Ps 109:9 | יִֽהְיוּ־בָנָ֥יו יְתוֹמִ֑ים וְ֝אִשְׁתּוֹ אַלְמָנָֽה׃ |
May his sons become orphans, And his wife a widow. |
|
| Ps 109:10 | וְנ֤וֹעַ יָנ֣וּעוּ בָנָ֣יו וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ וְ֝דָרְשׁ֗וּ מֵחָרְבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
May his sons wander about unremittingly And beg, And seek their needs from their desolate places. |
wander about unremittingly: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 109:11 | יְנַקֵּ֣שׁ נ֭וֹשֶׁה לְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וְיָבֹ֖זּוּ זָרִ֣ים יְגִיעֽוֹ׃ |
May the creditor ensnare everything he has, And may foreigners plunder his hard-earned wealth. |
|
| Ps 109:12 | אַל־יְהִי־ל֭וֹ מֹשֵׁ֣ךְ חָ֑סֶד וְֽאַל־יְהִ֥י ח֝וֹנֵ֗ן לִיתוֹמָֽיו׃ |
May there not be anyone who extends him kindness, And let there not be anyone showing compassion to his orphans. |
|
| Ps 109:13 | יְהִֽי־אַחֲרִית֥וֹ לְהַכְרִ֑ית בְּד֥וֹר אַ֝חֵ֗ר יִמַּ֥ח שְׁמָֽם׃ |
May his posterity be destined to be cut off; May their name be obliterated in the next generation. |
to be cut off ← (for someone) to cut (them) off. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ps 109:14 | יִזָּכֵ֤ר ׀ עֲוֺ֣ן אֲ֭בֹתָיו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וְחַטַּ֥את אִ֝מּ֗וֹ אַל־תִּמָּֽח׃ |
May the iniquity of his fathers be remembered by the Lord, And may the sin of his mother not be wiped out. |
by: אֶל, el, also the agent of the passive in Lev 13:7, Lev 13:49. |
| Ps 109:15 | יִהְי֣וּ נֶֽגֶד־יְהוָ֣ה תָּמִ֑יד וְיַכְרֵ֖ת מֵאֶ֣רֶץ זִכְרָֽם׃ |
May they be before the Lord continually, And may he cut off memory of them from the earth, |
|
| Ps 109:16 | יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ לֹ֥א זָכַר֮ עֲשׂ֪וֹת חָ֥סֶד וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף אִישׁ־עָנִ֣י וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן וְנִכְאֵ֨ה לֵבָ֬ב לְמוֹתֵֽת׃ |
Because he did not remember to show kindness, And he pursued a poor and needy man, And one of dejected heart, To have him put to death. |
This verse is more apposite to David's situation than to that of his enemies (in particular Saul). |
| Ps 109:17 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֣ב קְ֭לָלָה וַתְּבוֹאֵ֑הוּ וְֽלֹא־חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ֝בְרָכָ֗ה וַתִּרְחַ֥ק מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Now he loved cursing, So let it come over him, And he did not take delight in a blessing, So let it be far from him. |
|
| Ps 109:18 | וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ קְלָלָ֗ה כְּמַ֫דּ֥וֹ וַתָּבֹ֣א כַמַּ֣יִם בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְ֝כַשֶּׁ֗מֶן בְּעַצְמוֹתָֽיו׃ |
And he clothed himself in cursing as in his vesture, So let it come like water into his innards, And like oil into his bones. |
|
| Ps 109:19 | תְּהִי־ל֭וֹ כְּבֶ֣גֶד יַעְטֶ֑ה וּ֝לְמֵ֗זַח תָּמִ֥יד יַחְגְּרֶֽהָ׃ |
Let it be to him Like a garment that covers him, And like a girdle So that he constantly girds himself with it. |
let it be: i.e. let the curse be.
with it: i.e. with cursing. |
| Ps 109:20 | זֹ֤את פְּעֻלַּ֣ת שֹׂ֭טְנַי מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְהַדֹּבְרִ֥ים רָ֝֗ע עַל־נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
These are the wages from the Lord Of those who oppose me And of those who speak evil About my character. |
character ← soul. |
| Ps 109:21 | וְאַתָּ֤ה ׀ יְה֘וִ֤ה אֲדֹנָ֗י עֲֽשֵׂה־אִ֭תִּי לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּי־ט֥וֹב חַ֝סְדְּךָ֗ הַצִּילֵֽנִי׃ |
But you, O Lord my Lord, Act with me for your name's sake, For your kindness is good, And deliver me, |
act ... deliver: imperatives. |
| Ps 109:22 | כִּֽי־עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֣וֹן אָנֹ֑כִי וְ֝לִבִּ֗י חָלַ֥ל בְּקִרְבִּֽי׃ |
For I am poor and needy, And my heart is wounded inside me. |
|
| Ps 109:23 | כְּצֵל־כִּנְטוֹת֥וֹ נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי נִ֝נְעַ֗רְתִּי כָּֽאַרְבֶּֽה׃ |
I am passing away Like a shadow when it becomes long. I am thrown about Like a locust. |
|
| Ps 109:24 | בִּ֭רְכַּי כָּשְׁל֣וּ מִצּ֑וֹם וּ֝בְשָׂרִ֗י כָּחַ֥שׁ מִשָּֽׁמֶן׃ |
My knees are languid from fasting, And my flesh is wasting away losing fatness. |
losing fatness ← from fatness. |
| Ps 109:25 | וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ הָיִ֣יתִי חֶרְפָּ֣ה לָהֶ֑ם יִ֝רְא֗וּנִי יְנִיע֥וּן רֹאשָֽׁם׃ |
And I have become a reproach to them; They see me, And they shake their head. |
|
| Ps 109:26 | עָ֭זְרֵנִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י ה֭וֹשִׁיעֵ֣נִי כְחַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Help me, O Lord my God; Save me according to your kindness, |
|
| Ps 109:27 | וְֽ֭יֵדְעוּ כִּי־יָ֣דְךָ זֹּ֑את אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֣ה עֲשִׂיתָֽהּ׃ |
So that they may know that this is your hand at work – That you the Lord brought it about. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 109:28 | יְקַֽלְלוּ־הֵמָּה֮ וְאַתָּ֪ה תְבָ֫רֵ֥ךְ קָ֤מוּ ׀ וַיֵּבֹ֗שׁוּ וְֽעַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשְׂמָֽח׃ |
They may curse, But you bless. When they rise up, Let them be ashamed, But let your servant be glad. |
when: a vav as a postpositive conjunction. |
| Ps 109:29 | יִלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שׂוֹטְנַ֣י כְּלִמָּ֑ה וְיַעֲט֖וּ כַמְעִ֣יל בָּשְׁתָּֽם׃ |
May those who oppose me Be clothed in ignominy And be covered in their shame Like a robe. |
|
| Ps 109:30 | א֘וֹדֶ֤ה יְהוָ֣ה מְאֹ֣ד בְּפִ֑י וּבְת֖וֹךְ רַבִּ֣ים אֲהַֽלְלֶֽנּוּ׃ |
I will give great thanks to the Lord with my mouth, And in the midst of many, I will praise him. |
|
| Ps 109:31 | כִּֽי־יַ֭עֲמֹד לִימִ֣ין אֶבְי֑וֹן לְ֝הוֹשִׁ֗יעַ מִשֹּׁפְטֵ֥י נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
For he will stand on the right hand side of the poor To save him from those who judge the capital case against him. |
the capital case against him ← his soul. |
| Ps 110:1 | לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר נְאֻ֤ם יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לַֽאדֹנִ֗י שֵׁ֥ב לִֽימִינִ֑י עַד־אָשִׁ֥ית אֹ֝יְבֶ֗יךָ הֲדֹ֣ם לְרַגְלֶֽיךָ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit on my right hand side Until I make your enemies your footstool.” |
Matt 22:44, Matt 26:64, Mark 12:36, Luke 20:42-43, Acts 2:34-35, Heb 1:13.
your footstool ← a footstool for your feet. |
| Ps 110:2 | מַטֵּֽה־עֻזְּךָ֗ יִשְׁלַ֣ח יְ֭הוָה מִצִּיּ֑וֹן רְ֝דֵ֗ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֹיְבֶֽיךָ׃ |
The Lord will send your strong sceptre out from Zion; Rule in the midst of your enemies. |
your strong sceptre ← the sceptre of your strength, a Hebraic genitive. Symbolic of strong rule. |
| Ps 110:3 | עַמְּךָ֣ נְדָבֹת֮ בְּי֪וֹם חֵ֫ילֶ֥ךָ בְּֽהַדְרֵי־קֹ֭דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֣חֶם מִשְׁחָ֑ר לְ֝ךָ֗ טַ֣ל יַלְדֻתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Your people will themselves be freewill-offerings On your mighty day. In holy splendours from dawn's womb, You have had the dew of your youth. |
your mighty day ... holy splendours ← the day of your might ... splendours of holiness, Hebraic genitives. |
| Ps 110:4 | נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָ֨ה ׀ וְלֹ֥א יִנָּחֵ֗ם אַתָּֽה־כֹהֵ֥ן לְעוֹלָ֑ם עַל־דִּ֝בְרָתִ֗י מַלְכִּי־צֶֽדֶק׃ |
The Lord has sworn And will not recant, “You are an age-abiding priest According to the order of Melchizedek.” |
Heb 5:6, Heb 7:17, Heb 7:21. Melchizedek also mentioned in Gen 14:18. |
| Ps 110:5 | אֲדֹנָ֥י עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֑ מָחַ֖ץ בְּיוֹם־אַפּ֣וֹ מְלָכִֽים׃ |
The Lord* on your right hand side Will strike through kings on the day of his anger. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 110:6 | יָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה׃ |
He will judge among the Gentiles, He will fulfil this with dead bodies; He will crush the head of one over a great land. |
he will crush the head: i.e. Christ will crush Satan's head. Compare Gen 3:15. AV differs (He shall wound the heads), plural. |
| Ps 110:7 | מִ֭נַּחַל בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן יָרִ֥ים רֹֽאשׁ׃ |
He will drink from the brook on the way, Which is why he will raise his head. |
|
| Ps 111:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ אוֹדֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה בְּכָל־לֵבָ֑ב בְּס֖וֹד יְשָׁרִ֣ים וְעֵדָֽה׃ |
Praise the Lord. I will give thanks to the Lord with all my heart In the conclave of the upright And in the congregation. |
|
| Ps 111:2 | גְּ֭דֹלִים מַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דְּ֝רוּשִׁ֗ים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Great are the works of the Lord, Sought after for all their delights. |
for all their delights: AV differs (of [=by] all of them that have pleasure therein). |
| Ps 111:3 | הוֹד־וְהָדָ֥ר פָּֽעֳל֑וֹ וְ֝צִדְקָת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד׃ |
Splendour and majesty characterize his work, And his righteousness stands in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 111:4 | זֵ֣כֶר עָ֭שָׂה לְנִפְלְאֹתָ֑יו חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם יְהוָֽה׃ |
He has made a memorial to his wonders. The Lord is gracious and merciful. |
|
| Ps 111:5 | טֶ֭רֶף נָתַ֣ן לִֽירֵאָ֑יו יִזְכֹּ֖ר לְעוֹלָ֣ם בְּרִיתֽוֹ׃ |
He gives provision To those who fear him; He will remember his covenant Age-abidingly. |
provision: or prey.
those who fear him ← his fearers, an objective genitive. |
| Ps 111:6 | כֹּ֣חַ מַ֭עֲשָׂיו הִגִּ֣יד לְעַמּ֑וֹ לָתֵ֥ת לָ֝הֶ֗ם נַחֲלַ֥ת גּוֹיִֽם׃ |
He has told his people of the power of his works, That he will give them the inheritance of the Gentiles. |
|
| Ps 111:7 | מַעֲשֵׂ֣י יָ֭דָיו אֱמֶ֣ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט נֶ֝אֱמָנִ֗ים כָּל־פִּקּוּדָֽיו׃ |
The works of his hands are truth and judgment; All his precepts are dependable, |
|
| Ps 111:8 | סְמוּכִ֣ים לָעַ֣ד לְעוֹלָ֑ם עֲ֝שׂוּיִ֗ם בֶּאֱמֶ֥ת וְיָשָֽׁר׃ |
Upheld perpetually – Age-abidingly – And made in truth and uprightness. |
uprightness ← upright, but [AnLx] admits a neuter, substantival sense (what is right). |
| Ps 111:9 | פְּד֤וּת ׀ שָׁ֘לַ֤ח לְעַמּ֗וֹ צִוָּֽה־לְעוֹלָ֥ם בְּרִית֑וֹ קָד֖וֹשׁ וְנוֹרָ֣א שְׁמֽוֹ׃ |
He sent deliverance to his people; He has decreed his age-abiding covenant. Holy and awesome is his name. |
his age-abiding covenant ← for the age his covenant. |
| Ps 111:10 | רֵ֘אשִׁ֤ית חָכְמָ֨ה ׀ יִרְאַ֬ת יְהוָ֗ה שֵׂ֣כֶל ט֭וֹב לְכָל־עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם תְּ֝הִלָּת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד׃ |
The beginning of wisdom is fear of the Lord; All those who act in accordance have good understanding. His praiseworthiness stands fast in perpetuity. |
who act in accordance ← the doers of them, but there is no clear antecedent to them, the nearest being precepts (Ps 117:7).
Compare this verse with Job 28:28 and Prov 9:10. |
| Ps 112:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ אַשְׁרֵי־אִ֭ישׁ יָרֵ֣א אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה בְּ֝מִצְוֺתָ֗יו חָפֵ֥ץ מְאֹֽד׃ |
Praise the Lord. Happy is the man who fears the Lord – Who delights very much in his commandments. |
|
| Ps 112:2 | גִּבּ֣וֹר בָּ֭אָרֶץ יִהְיֶ֣ה זַרְע֑וֹ דּ֭וֹר יְשָׁרִ֣ים יְבֹרָֽךְ׃ |
His seed will be valiant on the earth; A generation of upright people will be blessed. |
|
| Ps 112:3 | הוֹן־וָעֹ֥שֶׁר בְּבֵית֑וֹ וְ֝צִדְקָת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד׃ |
Wealth and riches will be in his house, And his righteousness stands in perpetuity. |
|
| Ps 112:4 | זָ֘רַ֤ח בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ א֭וֹר לַיְשָׁרִ֑ים חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם וְצַדִּֽיק׃ |
Light arises in the darkness to the upright; He is gracious and merciful and righteous. |
|
| Ps 112:5 | טֽוֹב־אִ֭ישׁ חוֹנֵ֣ן וּמַלְוֶ֑ה יְכַלְכֵּ֖ל דְּבָרָ֣יו בְּמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
A man who is gracious and lends is good; He will maintain his affairs judiciously. |
|
| Ps 112:6 | כִּֽי־לְעוֹלָ֥ם לֹא־יִמּ֑וֹט לְזֵ֥כֶר ע֝וֹלָ֗ם יִהְיֶ֥ה צַדִּֽיק׃ |
For he will never be shaken; The righteous man will be an age-abiding memorial. |
never ← not for the age. |
| Ps 112:7 | מִשְּׁמוּעָ֣ה רָ֭עָה לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א נָכ֥וֹן לִ֝בּ֗וֹ בָּטֻ֥חַ בַּיהוָֽה׃ |
He does not fear bad tidings; His heart is steadfast, Having been entrusted to the Lord. |
|
| Ps 112:8 | סָמ֣וּךְ לִ֭בּוֹ לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־יִרְאֶ֣ה בְצָרָֽיו׃ |
His heart rests assured; He will not be afraid Up to when he looks on his adversaries with satisfaction. |
rests assured ← (is) upheld, with connotations of trusting. |
| Ps 112:9 | פִּזַּ֤ר ׀ נָ֘תַ֤ן לָאֶבְיוֹנִ֗ים צִ֭דְקָתוֹ עֹמֶ֣דֶת לָעַ֑ד קַ֝רְנ֗וֹ תָּר֥וּם בְּכָבֽוֹד׃ |
He has made distributions; He has given to the poor. His righteousness stands perpetually; His horn will be raised in glory. |
2 Cor 9:9.
will be raised: qal for passive of hiphil. |
| Ps 112:10 | רָ֘שָׁ֤ע יִרְאֶ֨ה ׀ וְכָעָ֗ס שִׁנָּ֣יו יַחֲרֹ֣ק וְנָמָ֑ס תַּאֲוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד׃ |
The wicked man will see it And become angry. He will gnash his teeth And melt away. The aspiration of the wicked will come to an end. |
|
| Ps 113:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ הַ֭לְלוּ עַבְדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הַֽ֝לְלוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
Praise the Lord, Give praise, you servants of the Lord; Praise the name of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 113:2 | יְהִ֤י שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֣ה מְבֹרָ֑ךְ מֵֽ֝עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Let the name of the Lord be blessed, From now on and age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 113:3 | מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ עַד־מְבוֹא֑וֹ מְ֝הֻלָּ֗ל שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
From the rising of the sun to its setting, Let the name of the Lord be praised. |
|
| Ps 113:4 | רָ֖ם עַל־כָּל־גּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֑ה עַ֖ל הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord is high above all nations; His glory is over the heavens. |
|
| Ps 113:5 | מִ֭י כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הַֽמַּגְבִּיהִ֥י לָשָֽׁבֶת׃ |
Who is like the Lord our God? – Who goes high to dwell, |
|
| Ps 113:6 | הַֽמַּשְׁפִּילִ֥י לִרְא֑וֹת בַּשָּׁמַ֥יִם וּבָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Who comes low to take a look In heaven and on earth, |
|
| Ps 113:7 | מְקִֽימִ֣י מֵעָפָ֣ר דָּ֑ל מֵֽ֝אַשְׁפֹּ֗ת יָרִ֥ים אֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
Who raises the destitute man out of the dust, Who raises the needy out of the dunghill, |
|
| Ps 113:8 | לְהוֹשִׁיבִ֥י עִם־נְדִיבִ֑ים עִ֝֗ם נְדִיבֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
To house them with nobles, With the nobles of his people, |
|
| Ps 113:9 | מֽוֹשִׁיבִ֨י ׀ עֲקֶ֬רֶת הַבַּ֗יִת אֵֽם־הַבָּנִ֥ים שְׂמֵחָ֗ה הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Who installs the barren with a household, As the joyful mother of sons. Praise the Lord. |
of sons: one could argue for a question mark here, as in Ps 144:3, since “Who is like him” is understood at the start of the sentence (Ps 113:5), but the sense of an interrogative has been weakened by the intervening clauses. |
| Ps 114:1 | בְּצֵ֣את יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם בֵּ֥ית יַ֝עֲקֹ֗ב מֵעַ֥ם לֹעֵֽז׃ |
When Israel came out of Egypt – The house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language – |
|
| Ps 114:2 | הָיְתָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֣ה לְקָדְשׁ֑וֹ יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל מַמְשְׁלוֹתָֽיו׃ |
Judah became his sanctuary, And Israel his great dominion. |
great dominion ← dominions, which we take as a plural of excellence or of majesty. |
| Ps 114:3 | הַיָּ֣ם רָ֭אָה וַיָּנֹ֑ס הַ֝יַּרְדֵּ֗ן יִסֹּ֥ב לְאָחֽוֹר׃ |
The sea saw it and retreated; The Jordan turned back. |
retreated ← fled. |
| Ps 114:4 | הֶֽ֭הָרִים רָקְד֣וּ כְאֵילִ֑ים גְּ֝בָע֗וֹת כִּבְנֵי־צֹֽאן׃ |
The mountains danced like rams, And the hills like the young of sheep. |
|
| Ps 114:5 | מַה־לְּךָ֣ הַ֭יָּם כִּ֣י תָנ֑וּס הַ֝יַּרְדֵּ֗ן תִּסֹּ֥ב לְאָחֽוֹר׃ |
What was the matter with you, O sea, That you should retreat, And that you, O Jordan, Should turn back? |
|
| Ps 114:6 | הֶֽ֭הָרִים תִּרְקְד֣וּ כְאֵילִ֑ים גְּ֝בָע֗וֹת כִּבְנֵי־צֹֽאן׃ |
– That you mountains should dance like rams, And you hills like the young of sheep? |
|
| Ps 114:7 | מִלִּפְנֵ֣י אָ֭דוֹן ח֣וּלִי אָ֑רֶץ מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗י אֱל֣וֹהַּ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
O earth, writhe in the presence of the Lord – In the presence of the God of Jacob, |
|
| Ps 114:8 | הַהֹפְכִ֣י הַצּ֣וּר אֲגַם־מָ֑יִם חַ֝לָּמִ֗ישׁ לְמַעְיְנוֹ־מָֽיִם׃ |
Who turned the rock into a pool of water – Flint into a water-source. |
water ... water: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 115:1 | לֹ֤א לָ֥נוּ יְהוָ֗ה לֹ֫א לָ֥נוּ כִּֽי־לְ֭שִׁמְךָ תֵּ֣ן כָּב֑וֹד עַל־חַ֝סְדְּךָ֗ עַל־אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
Not to us, O Lord, not to us, But to your name give glory, On account of your kindness And on account of your truth. |
|
| Ps 115:2 | לָ֭מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֑ם אַיֵּה־נָ֝֗א אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Why should the Gentiles say, “So where is their God?” |
|
| Ps 115:3 | וֵֽאלֹהֵ֥ינוּ בַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כֹּ֭ל אֲשֶׁר־חָפֵ֣ץ עָשָֽׂה׃ |
But our God is in heaven; He does whatever he pleases. |
|
| Ps 115:4 | עֲֽ֭צַבֵּיהֶם כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃ |
Their idols are of silver and gold; They are the work of the hands of men. |
Rev 9:20.
|| Ps 135:15. men ← Adam. |
| Ps 115:5 | פֶּֽה־לָ֭הֶם וְלֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ עֵינַ֥יִם לָ֝הֶ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֽוּ׃ |
They have a mouth, But they cannot speak; They have eyes, But they cannot see. |
Rev 9:20.
|| Ps 135:16. |
| Ps 115:6 | אָזְנַ֣יִם לָ֭הֶם וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמָ֑עוּ אַ֥ף לָ֝הֶ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יְרִיחֽוּן׃ |
They have ears, But they cannot hear; They have a nose, But they cannot smell. |
|| Ps 135:17. |
| Ps 115:7 | יְדֵיהֶ֤ם ׀ וְלֹ֬א יְמִישׁ֗וּן רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם וְלֹ֣א יְהַלֵּ֑כוּ לֹֽא־יֶ֝הְגּ֗וּ בִּגְרוֹנָֽם׃ |
They have hands, But they cannot feel; They have legs, But they cannot walk. They cannot articulate in their throat. |
Rev 9:20. |
| Ps 115:8 | כְּ֭מוֹהֶם יִהְי֣וּ עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֭ל אֲשֶׁר־בֹּטֵ֣חַ בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Those who make them Will become like them, As will everyone who trusts in them. |
|| Ps 135:18. |
| Ps 115:9 | יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל בְּטַ֣ח בַּיהוָ֑ה עֶזְרָ֖ם וּמָגִנָּ֣ם הֽוּא׃ |
O Israel, trust in the Lord. He is their help and their shield. |
|| Ps 135:19. |
| Ps 115:10 | בֵּ֣ית אַ֭הֲרֹן בִּטְח֣וּ בַיהוָ֑ה עֶזְרָ֖ם וּמָגִנָּ֣ם הֽוּא׃ |
O house of Aaron, trust in the Lord. He is their help and their shield. |
|| Ps 135:19. |
| Ps 115:11 | יִרְאֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה בִּטְח֣וּ בַיהוָ֑ה עֶזְרָ֖ם וּמָגִנָּ֣ם הֽוּא׃ |
You who fear the Lord, Trust in the Lord. He is their help and their shield. |
|| Ps 135:20. |
| Ps 115:12 | יְהוָה֮ זְכָרָ֪נוּ יְבָ֫רֵ֥ךְ יְ֭בָרֵךְ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְ֝בָרֵ֗ךְ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אַהֲרֹֽן׃ |
The Lord has remembered us. He will bless – He will bless the house of Israel; He will bless the house of Aaron. |
|
| Ps 115:13 | יְ֭בָרֵךְ יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הַ֝קְּטַנִּ֗ים עִם־הַגְּדֹלִֽים׃ |
He will bless those who fear the Lord – The small and the great. |
|
| Ps 115:14 | יֹסֵ֣ף יְהוָ֣ה עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם וְעַל־בְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ |
The Lord will increase you – You and your sons. |
|
| Ps 115:15 | בְּרוּכִ֣ים אַ֭תֶּם לַיהוָ֑ה עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Blessed are you with the Lord – The maker of heaven and earth. |
|
| Ps 115:16 | הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם שָׁ֭מַיִם לַיהוָ֑ה וְ֝הָאָ֗רֶץ נָתַ֥ן לִבְנֵי־אָדָֽם׃ |
The heavens are the Lord's heavens, And he has given the earth to the sons of Adam. |
|
| Ps 115:17 | לֹ֣א הַ֭מֵּתִים יְהַֽלְלוּ־יָ֑הּ וְ֝לֹ֗א כָּל־יֹרְדֵ֥י דוּמָֽה׃ |
It is not the dead who praise the Lord, Nor any who descend to silence. |
any ← all. |
| Ps 115:18 | וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּ ׀ נְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְ יָ֗הּ מֵֽעַתָּ֥ה וְעַד־עוֹלָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
But we will bless the Lord, From now on and age-abidingly. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 116:1 | אָ֭הַבְתִּי כִּֽי־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־ק֝וֹלִ֗י תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ |
I have loved him, Because the Lord has heard my voice – My supplications. |
|
| Ps 116:2 | כִּֽי־הִטָּ֣ה אָזְנ֣וֹ לִ֑י וּבְיָמַ֥י אֶקְרָֽא׃ |
For he inclined his ear to me, And I call to him on all my days. |
|
| Ps 116:3 | אֲפָפ֤וּנִי ׀ חֶבְלֵי־מָ֗וֶת וּמְצָרֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל מְצָא֑וּנִי צָרָ֖ה וְיָג֣וֹן אֶמְצָֽא׃ |
The pains of death have surrounded me, And the straits of the grave have reached me. I have encountered adversity and grief. |
the pains: or cords, causing the pain, or for imprisoning in the grave. |
| Ps 116:4 | וּבְשֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֶקְרָ֑א אָנָּ֥ה יְ֝הוָ֗ה מַלְּטָ֥ה נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
I will call on the name of the Lord. Oh please, Lord, save my life. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 116:5 | חַנּ֣וּן יְהֹוָ֣ה וְצַדִּ֑יק וֵ֖אלֹהֵ֣ינוּ מְרַחֵֽם׃ |
The Lord is gracious and righteous, And our God is merciful. |
|
| Ps 116:6 | שֹׁמֵ֣ר פְּתָאיִ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה דַּ֝לּוֹתִ֗י וְלִ֣י יְהוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
The Lord watches over the simple-minded. When I was at a low ebb, He saved me. |
when: a vav translated as a postpositive conjunction. |
| Ps 116:7 | שׁוּבִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי כִּֽי־יְ֝הוָ֗ה גָּמַ֥ל עָלָֽיְכִי׃ |
O my being, return to your restful places, For the Lord has recompensed you. |
being ← soul.
restful places ... you: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 116:8 | כִּ֤י חִלַּ֥צְתָּ נַפְשִׁ֗י מִ֫מָּ֥וֶת אֶת־עֵינִ֥י מִן־דִּמְעָ֑ה אֶת־רַגְלִ֥י מִדֶּֽחִי׃ |
You have delivered my being from death, My eye from tears And my foot from stumbling. |
being ← soul.
tears ← a tear. |
| Ps 116:9 | אֶ֭תְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּ֝אַרְצ֗וֹת הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ |
I will walk before the Lord In the lands of the living. |
lands: AV differs (land). |
| Ps 116:10 | הֶ֭אֱמַנְתִּי כִּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר אֲ֝נִ֗י עָנִ֥יתִי מְאֹֽד׃ |
I have believed, Therefore I speak. I have been very much afflicted. |
2 Cor 4:13. |
| Ps 116:11 | אֲ֭נִי אָמַ֣רְתִּי בְחָפְזִ֑י כָּֽל־הָאָדָ֥ם כֹּזֵֽב׃ |
I have said in my perplexity, “All of mankind speaks lies.” |
perplexity: or haste (especially when alarmed).
mankind ← Adam. |
| Ps 116:12 | מָֽה־אָשִׁ֥יב לַיהוָ֑ה כָּֽל־תַּגְמוּל֥וֹהִי עָלָֽי׃ |
What can I give back to the Lord For all his generosity to me? |
generosity: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 116:13 | כּוֹס־יְשׁוּע֥וֹת אֶשָּׂ֑א וּבְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָֽא׃ |
I will raise the cup of great salvation, And I will call on the name of the Lord. |
great salvation ← salvations, which we take as a plural of excellence or of majesty. Compare Ps 114:2. |
| Ps 116:14 | נְ֭דָרַי לַיהוָ֣ה אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם נֶגְדָה־נָּ֝֗א לְכָל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
I will fulfil my vows to the Lord; May it be in the presence of all his people. |
|
| Ps 116:15 | יָ֭קָר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הַ֝מָּ֗וְתָה לַחֲסִידָֽיו׃ |
Precious in the eyes of the Lord Is the death of those under his grace. |
|
| Ps 116:16 | אָֽנָּ֣ה יְהוָה֮ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֪י עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ אֲֽנִי־עַ֭בְדְּךָ בֶּן־אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ פִּ֝תַּ֗חְתָּ לְמוֹסֵרָֽי׃ |
Thank-you, O Lord, For I am your servant; I am your servant – The son of your maidservant. You have unbound my bonds. |
thank-you: usually a particle of entreaty, as in Ps 116:4, please, but here in anticipation of, or after, salvation. |
| Ps 116:17 | לְֽךָ־אֶ֭זְבַּח זֶ֣בַח תּוֹדָ֑ה וּבְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָֽא׃ |
I will offer the sacrifice of thank-offering to you, And I will call on the name of the Lord. |
offer ← sacrifice. |
| Ps 116:18 | נְ֭דָרַי לַיהוָ֣ה אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם נֶגְדָה־נָּ֝֗א לְכָל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
I will fulfil my vows to the Lord; May it be in the presence of all his people, |
|
| Ps 116:19 | בְּחַצְר֤וֹת ׀ בֵּ֤ית יְהוָ֗ה בְּֽת֘וֹכֵ֤כִי יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
In the courtyards of the house of the Lord – In your midst, O Jerusalem. Praise the Lord. |
your: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 117:1 | הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־גּוֹיִ֑ם שַׁ֝בְּח֗וּהוּ כָּל־הָאֻמִּֽים׃ |
Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles; Laud him, all you peoples. |
Rom 15:11. |
| Ps 117:2 | כִּ֥י גָ֘בַ֤ר עָלֵ֨ינוּ ׀ חַסְדּ֗וֹ וֶֽאֱמֶת־יְהוָ֥ה לְעוֹלָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
For his kindness has been mighty towards us, And the Lord's truth is age-abiding. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 118:1 | הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 118:2 | יֹֽאמַר־נָ֥א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Oh do let Israel say That his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 118:3 | יֹֽאמְרוּ־נָ֥א בֵֽית־אַהֲרֹ֑ן כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Oh do let the house of Aaron say That his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 118:4 | יֹֽאמְרוּ־נָ֭א יִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Oh do let those who fear the Lord say That his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 118:5 | מִֽן־הַ֭מֵּצַ֥ר קָרָ֣אתִי יָּ֑הּ עָנָ֖נִי בַמֶּרְחָ֣ב יָֽהּ׃ |
From straits I was in, I called on the Lord; He answered me with the Lord's relief. |
relief ← wide place. |
| Ps 118:6 | יְהוָ֣ה לִ֭י לֹ֣א אִירָ֑א מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לִ֣י אָדָֽם׃ |
The Lord is for me; I will not fear. What can man do to me? |
Heb 13:6.
man ← Adam. |
| Ps 118:7 | יְהוָ֣ה לִ֭י בְּעֹזְרָ֑י וַ֝אֲנִ֗י אֶרְאֶ֥ה בְשֹׂנְאָֽי׃ |
The Lord is for me, Among those who help me, So I shall look with satisfaction on those who hate me. |
|
| Ps 118:8 | ט֗וֹב לַחֲס֥וֹת בַּיהוָ֑ה מִ֝בְּטֹ֗חַ בָּאָדָֽם׃ |
It is better to seek refuge in the Lord Than to trust in man. |
man ← Adam. |
| Ps 118:9 | ט֗וֹב לַחֲס֥וֹת בַּיהוָ֑ה מִ֝בְּטֹ֗חַ בִּנְדִיבִֽים׃ |
It is better to seek refuge in the Lord Than to trust in nobles. |
|
| Ps 118:10 | כָּל־גּוֹיִ֥ם סְבָב֑וּנִי בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְ֝הוָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲמִילַֽם׃ |
All the Gentiles have surrounded me; It is in the name of the Lord That I will cut them off. |
|
| Ps 118:11 | סַבּ֥וּנִי גַם־סְבָב֑וּנִי בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְ֝הוָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲמִילַֽם׃ |
They are around me, Indeed, they have surrounded me; It is in the name of the Lord That I will cut them off. |
|
| Ps 118:12 | סַבּ֤וּנִי כִדְבוֹרִ֗ים דֹּ֭עֲכוּ כְּאֵ֣שׁ קוֹצִ֑ים בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְ֝הוָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲמִילַֽם׃ |
They surrounded me like bees; They were extinguished like a fire of thorn bushes. It is in the name of the Lord That I will cut them off. |
|
| Ps 118:13 | דַּחֹ֣ה דְחִיתַ֣נִי לִנְפֹּ֑ל וַ֖יהוָ֣ה עֲזָרָֽנִי׃ |
You have pushed hard at me To the point of me falling, But the Lord has helped me. |
pushed hard: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 118:14 | עָזִּ֣י וְזִמְרָ֣ת יָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־לִ֝֗י לִֽישׁוּעָֽה׃ |
My strength and melody is the Lord, And he has become my salvation. |
my strength and melody (etc.): compare Ex 15:2 and Isa 12:2. |
| Ps 118:15 | ק֤וֹל ׀ רִנָּ֬ה וִֽישׁוּעָ֗ה בְּאָהֳלֵ֥י צַדִּיקִ֑ים יְמִ֥ין יְ֝הוָה עֹ֣שָׂה חָֽיִל׃ |
There is the sound of shouting for joy, and salvation, In the tents of the righteous; The Lord's right hand is acting mightily. |
mightily ← might. Adverbial use of the noun. |
| Ps 118:16 | יְמִ֣ין יְ֭הוָה רוֹמֵמָ֑ה יְמִ֥ין יְ֝הוָה עֹ֣שָׂה חָֽיִל׃ |
The Lord's right hand is exalted; The Lord's right hand is acting mightily. |
mightily: see Ps 118:15. |
| Ps 118:17 | לֹֽא אָמ֥וּת כִּי־אֶֽחְיֶ֑ה וַ֝אֲסַפֵּ֗ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥י יָֽהּ׃ |
I will not die, For I will live, And I will relate the works of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 118:18 | יַסֹּ֣ר יִסְּרַ֣נִּי יָּ֑הּ וְ֝לַמָּ֗וֶת לֹ֣א נְתָנָֽנִי׃ |
The Lord has disciplined me severely, But he has not given me over to death. |
has disciplined me severely: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 118:19 | פִּתְחוּ־לִ֥י שַׁעֲרֵי־צֶ֑דֶק אָֽבֹא־בָ֝ם אוֹדֶ֥ה יָֽהּ׃ |
Open to me the gates of righteousness; I will go through them. I will give thanks to the Lord. |
|
| Ps 118:20 | זֶֽה־הַשַּׁ֥עַר לַיהוָ֑ה צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים יָבֹ֥אוּ בֽוֹ׃ |
This is the gate to the Lord; The righteous will enter through it. |
|
| Ps 118:21 | א֭וֹדְךָ כִּ֣י עֲנִיתָ֑נִי וַתְּהִי־לִ֝֗י לִֽישׁוּעָֽה׃ |
I will give thanks to you, For you have answered me And have become my salvation. |
|
| Ps 118:22 | אֶ֭בֶן מָאֲס֣וּ הַבּוֹנִ֑ים הָ֝יְתָ֗ה לְרֹ֣אשׁ פִּנָּֽה׃ |
The stone which the builders rejected Has become the keystone. |
Matt 21:42, Mark 12:10, Luke 20:17, Acts 4:11, Eph 2:20, 1 Pet 2:7. See also Rom 9:33.
keystone ← head of the corner. |
| Ps 118:23 | מֵאֵ֣ת יְ֭הוָה הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֑את הִ֖יא נִפְלָ֣את בְּעֵינֵֽינוּ׃ |
This came about from the Lord; It is wondrous in our eyes. |
Matt 21:42, Mark 12:11.
wondrous: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 118:24 | זֶה־הַ֭יּוֹם עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה נָגִ֖ילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָ֣ה בֽוֹ׃ |
This is the day which the Lord has made; Let us be glad and rejoice on it. |
|
| Ps 118:25 | אָנָּ֣א יְ֭הוָה הוֹשִׁ֘יעָ֥ה נָּ֑א אָֽנָּ֥א יְ֝הוָ֗ה הַצְלִ֘יחָ֥ה נָּֽא׃ |
Please, O Lord, please save; Please, O Lord, make us prosperous. |
Matt 21:9, Matt 21:15, Mark 11:9, Mark 11:10, John 12:13. |
| Ps 118:26 | בָּר֣וּךְ הַ֭בָּא בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה בֵּ֝רַֽכְנוּכֶ֗ם מִבֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ |
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. We bless you from the house of the Lord. |
Matt 21:9, Matt 23:39, Mark 11:9, Luke 13:35, Luke 19:38, John 12:13. |
| Ps 118:27 | אֵ֤ל ׀ יְהוָה֮ וַיָּ֪אֶר לָ֥נוּ אִסְרוּ־חַ֥ג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַד־קַ֝רְנ֗וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ |
The Lord is God, And he has given us light. Bind the festival-day animal With cords on the horns of the altar. |
the Lord is God: or God (is) the Lord, which we consider less likely, as it is self-evident. |
| Ps 118:28 | אֵלִ֣י אַתָּ֣ה וְאוֹדֶ֑ךָּ אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אֲרוֹמְמֶֽךָּ׃ |
You are my God, And I will give you thanks; You are my God, And I will exalt you. |
|
| Ps 118:29 | הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 119:1 | אַשְׁרֵ֥י תְמִֽימֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ הַֽ֝הֹלְכִ֗ים בְּתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ |
Happy are those with integrity on the way, Who walk in the law of the Lord. |
on the way ← of the way. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ps 119:2 | אַ֭שְׁרֵי נֹצְרֵ֥י עֵדֹתָ֗יו בְּכָל־לֵ֥ב יִדְרְשֽׁוּהוּ׃ |
Happy are those who keep his testimonies; They seek him with all their heart. |
|
| Ps 119:3 | אַ֭ף לֹֽא־פָעֲל֣וּ עַוְלָ֑ה בִּדְרָכָ֥יו הָלָֽכוּ׃ |
Indeed they do not commit iniquity; They walk in his ways. |
|
| Ps 119:4 | אַ֭תָּה צִוִּ֥יתָה פִקֻּדֶ֗יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְאֹֽד׃ |
You have given commandment regarding your precepts, As matters to keep scrupulously. |
scrupulously ← much. |
| Ps 119:5 | אַ֭חֲלַי יִכֹּ֥נוּ דְרָכָ֗י לִשְׁמֹ֥ר חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
If only my ways may be established So as to keep your statutes! |
|
| Ps 119:6 | אָ֥ז לֹא־אֵב֑וֹשׁ בְּ֝הַבִּיטִ֗י אֶל־כָּל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Then I would not be ashamed When I look at all your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:7 | א֭וֹדְךָ בְּיֹ֣שֶׁר לֵבָ֑ב בְּ֝לָמְדִ֗י מִשְׁפְּטֵ֥י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
I will give you thanks in uprightness of heart As I learn your righteous judgments. |
your righteous judgments ← the judgments of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:8 | אֶת־חֻקֶּ֥יךָ אֶשְׁמֹ֑ר אַֽל־תַּעַזְבֵ֥נִי עַד־מְאֹֽד׃ |
I will keep your statutes; Do not forsake me in the slightest. |
not ... in the slightest ← not ... up to much. |
| Ps 119:9 | בַּמֶּ֣ה יְזַכֶּה־נַּ֭עַר אֶת־אָרְח֑וֹ לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
By what means can a youth mend his way? – By keeping your word. |
mend ← cleanse.
way: the Hebrew word is elsewhere in this psalm translated path. Another word for path in Ps 119:35. by keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. your word ← as your word. |
| Ps 119:10 | בְּכָל־לִבִּ֥י דְרַשְׁתִּ֑יךָ אַל־תַּ֝שְׁגֵּ֗נִי מִמִּצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have sought you with all my heart; Do not let me err from your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:11 | בְּ֭לִבִּי צָפַ֣נְתִּי אִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ לְ֝מַ֗עַן לֹ֣א אֶֽחֱטָא־לָֽךְ׃ |
I have treasured up your saying in my heart So that I do not sin against you. |
|
| Ps 119:12 | בָּר֖וּךְ אַתָּ֥ה יְהוָ֗ה לַמְּדֵ֥נִי חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Blessed are you, O Lord; Teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:13 | בִּשְׂפָתַ֥י סִפַּ֑רְתִּי כֹּ֝֗ל מִשְׁפְּטֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
With my lips I have related All the judgments you have pronounced. |
you have pronounced ← of your mouth. |
| Ps 119:14 | בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ עֵדְוֺתֶ֥יךָ שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי כְּעַ֣ל כָּל־הֽוֹן׃ |
I have rejoiced in the way of your testimonies, As in all riches. |
|
| Ps 119:15 | בְּפִקֻּדֶ֥יךָ אָשִׂ֑יחָה וְ֝אַבִּ֗יטָה אֹרְחֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I will meditate on your precepts, And I will look to your paths. |
|
| Ps 119:16 | בְּחֻקֹּתֶ֥יךָ אֶֽשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע לֹ֭א אֶשְׁכַּ֣ח דְּבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
I will take delight in your statutes; I will not forget your word. |
|
| Ps 119:17 | גְּמֹ֖ל עַֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֥ אֶֽחְיֶ֗ה וְאֶשְׁמְרָ֥ה דְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
Recompense your servant so that I may live And may keep your word. |
|
| Ps 119:18 | גַּל־עֵינַ֥י וְאַבִּ֑יטָה נִ֝פְלָא֗וֹת מִתּוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Unveil my eyes so that I may see The wonders of your law. |
|
| Ps 119:19 | גֵּ֣ר אָנֹכִ֣י בָאָ֑רֶץ אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֥ר מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I am a foreigner on the earth; Do not hide your commandments from me. |
|
| Ps 119:20 | גָּרְסָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֣י לְתַאֲבָ֑ה אֶֽל־מִשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ בְכָל־עֵֽת׃ |
My inner being is crushed in yearning For your judgments at all times. |
inner being ← soul. |
| Ps 119:21 | גָּ֭עַרְתָּ זֵדִ֣ים אֲרוּרִ֑ים הַ֝שֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
You have rebuked the accursed insolent, Who err from your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:22 | גַּ֣ל מֵֽ֭עָלַי חֶרְפָּ֣ה וָב֑וּז כִּ֖י עֵדֹתֶ֣יךָ נָצָֽרְתִּי׃ |
Remove reproach and despising from me, For I have kept your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:23 | גַּ֤ם יָֽשְׁב֣וּ שָׂ֭רִים בִּ֣י נִדְבָּ֑רוּ עַ֝בְדְּךָ֗ יָשִׂ֥יחַ בְּחֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Indeed, princes have been in session. They have spoken together against me, While your servant meditated on your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:24 | גַּֽם־עֵ֭דֹתֶיךָ שַׁעֲשֻׁעָ֗י אַנְשֵׁ֥י עֲצָתִֽי׃ |
Also, your testimonies are my delight; They are my counsellors. |
delight ← delights.
my counsellors ← men of my counsel. |
| Ps 119:25 | דָּֽבְקָ֣ה לֶעָפָ֣ר נַפְשִׁ֑י חַ֝יֵּ֗נִי כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
My being cleaves to the dust; Preserve me alive according to your word. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 119:26 | דְּרָכַ֣י סִ֭פַּרְתִּי וַֽתַּעֲנֵ֗נִי לַמְּדֵ֥נִי חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
I have related my ways, And you have answered me. Oh teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:27 | דֶּֽרֶךְ־פִּקּוּדֶ֥יךָ הֲבִינֵ֑נִי וְ֝אָשִׂ֗יחָה בְּנִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Instruct me in the way of your precepts, And let me meditate on your wonders. |
|
| Ps 119:28 | דָּלְפָ֣ה נַ֭פְשִׁי מִתּוּגָ֑ה קַ֝יְּמֵ֗נִי כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
My inner self weeps from grief; Oh strengthen me according to your word. |
inner self ← soul. |
| Ps 119:29 | דֶּֽרֶךְ־שֶׁ֭קֶר הָסֵ֣ר מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְֽתוֹרָתְךָ֥ חָנֵּֽנִי׃ |
Remove any false way from me, And graciously bestow your law on me. |
|
| Ps 119:30 | דֶּֽרֶךְ־אֱמוּנָ֥ה בָחָ֑רְתִּי מִשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ שִׁוִּֽיתִי׃ |
I have chosen the way of faithfulness; I have put your judgments before me. |
|
| Ps 119:31 | דָּבַ֥קְתִּי בְעֵֽדְוֺתֶ֑יךָ יְ֝הוָ֗ה אַל־תְּבִישֵֽׁנִי׃ |
I have cleaved to your testimonies. O Lord, do not put me to shame. |
|
| Ps 119:32 | דֶּֽרֶךְ־מִצְוֺתֶ֥יךָ אָר֑וּץ כִּ֖י תַרְחִ֣יב לִבִּֽי׃ |
I will run the way of your commandments, For you will encourage me. |
encourage me ← broaden my heart. [AnLx] adds for instruction. |
| Ps 119:33 | הוֹרֵ֣נִי יְ֭הוָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ חֻקֶּ֗יךָ וְאֶצְּרֶ֥נָּה עֵֽקֶב׃ |
Educate me, O Lord, In the way of your statutes, And I will keep it to the end. |
|
| Ps 119:34 | הֲ֭בִינֵנִי וְאֶצְּרָ֥ה תֽוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְאֶשְׁמְרֶ֥נָּה בְכָל־לֵֽב׃ |
Instruct me, and I will keep your law And guard it wholeheartedly. |
|
| Ps 119:35 | הַ֭דְרִיכֵנִי בִּנְתִ֣יב מִצְוֺתֶ֑יךָ כִּי־ב֥וֹ חָפָֽצְתִּי׃ |
Guide my steps on the path of your commandments, For in that I delight. |
path: not the word used in Ps 119:9, translated way there, path elsewhere. |
| Ps 119:36 | הַט־לִ֭בִּי אֶל־עֵדְוֺתֶ֗יךָ וְאַ֣ל אֶל־בָּֽצַע׃ |
Incline my heart to your testimonies, And not to unjust gain. |
|
| Ps 119:37 | הַעֲבֵ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי מֵרְא֣וֹת שָׁ֑וְא בִּדְרָכֶ֥ךָ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
Prevent my eyes from looking at falsity; Preserve me alive in your way. |
prevent ← make pass. |
| Ps 119:38 | הָקֵ֣ם לְ֭עַבְדְּךָ אִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ אֲ֝שֶׁ֗ר לְיִרְאָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Confirm your saying to your servant, Who serves in fear of you. |
who serves in fear of you: or which (is) to fear you. |
| Ps 119:39 | הַעֲבֵ֣ר חֶ֭רְפָּתִי אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָגֹ֑רְתִּי כִּ֖י מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ טוֹבִֽים׃ |
Remove my reproach of which I am afraid, For your judgments are good. |
|
| Ps 119:40 | הִ֭נֵּה תָּאַ֣בְתִּי לְפִקֻּדֶ֑יךָ בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֥ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
You see how I have longed for your precepts; Preserve me alive in your righteousness. |
you see how ← behold. |
| Ps 119:41 | וִֽיבֹאֻ֣נִי חֲסָדֶ֣ךָ יְהוָ֑ה תְּ֝שֽׁוּעָתְךָ֗ כְּאִמְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
And may your kindnesses come over me, O Lord, And your salvation according to your saying. |
kindnesses come over me: consonantally, this would more naturally be read יְבֺאֵנִי, or the emphatic form יְבֺאֶנִּי, and חַסְדְּךָ (may your kindness come over me). |
| Ps 119:42 | וְאֶֽעֱנֶ֣ה חֹרְפִ֣י דָבָ֑ר כִּֽי־בָ֝טַחְתִּי בִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
Then I will be able to answer him who reproaches me, For I will have trusted in your word. |
answer ← answer a word. |
| Ps 119:43 | וְֽאַל־תַּצֵּ֬ל מִפִּ֣י דְבַר־אֱמֶ֣ת עַד־מְאֹ֑ד כִּ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣ךָ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
And do not take away the word of truth from my mouth at all, For I have awaited your judgment. |
at all ← up to much.
judgment: AV differs (judgments), possible if the word is taken as having a defective spelling. |
| Ps 119:44 | וְאֶשְׁמְרָ֖ה תוֹרָתְךָ֥ תָמִ֗יד לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
And may I keep your law always, Age-abidingly and perpetually. |
|
| Ps 119:45 | וְאֶתְהַלְּכָ֥ה בָרְחָבָ֑ה כִּ֖י פִקֻּדֶ֣יךָ דָרָֽשְׁתִּי׃ |
And may I walk openly, For I have sought your precepts. |
openly ← in breadth. |
| Ps 119:46 | וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה בְ֭עֵדֹתֶיךָ נֶ֥גֶד מְלָכִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א אֵבֽוֹשׁ׃ |
And may I speak about your testimonies before kings And not be ashamed. |
|
| Ps 119:47 | וְאֶשְׁתַּֽעֲשַׁ֥ע בְּמִצְוֺתֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהָֽבְתִּי׃ |
And may I delight in your commandments, Which I love. |
|
| Ps 119:48 | וְאֶשָּֽׂא־כַפַּ֗י אֶֽל־מִ֭צְוֺתֶיךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָהָ֗בְתִּי וְאָשִׂ֥יחָה בְחֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
And may I lift up my hands to your commandments, Which I love, And meditate on your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:49 | זְכֹר־דָּבָ֥ר לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ עַ֝֗ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽחַלְתָּֽנִי׃ |
Mention the word to your servant Concerning which you have had me wait. |
|
| Ps 119:50 | זֹ֣את נֶחָמָתִ֣י בְעָנְיִ֑י כִּ֖י אִמְרָתְךָ֣ חִיָּֽתְנִי׃ |
This is my comfort in my affliction, For your saying has preserved me alive. |
|
| Ps 119:51 | זֵ֭דִים הֱלִיצֻ֣נִי עַד־מְאֹ֑ד מִ֝תּֽוֹרָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א נָטִֽיתִי׃ |
The insolent have mocked me exceedingly, But I have not turned aside from your law. |
|
| Ps 119:52 | זָ֘כַ֤רְתִּי מִשְׁפָּטֶ֖יךָ מֵעוֹלָ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֗ה וָֽאֶתְנֶחָֽם׃ |
I have remembered your ancient judgments, O Lord, And I have been comforted. |
ancient ← from an age.
I have been comforted: hithpael for passive (occasional elsewhere and common in Modern Hebrew). |
| Ps 119:53 | זַלְעָפָ֣ה אֲ֭חָזַתְנִי מֵרְשָׁעִ֑ים עֹ֝זְבֵ֗י תּוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
A scorching wind has seized me, Coming from the wicked – Those who forsake your law. |
scorching wind: AV differs (horror). |
| Ps 119:54 | זְ֭מִרוֹת הָֽיוּ־לִ֥י חֻקֶּ֗יךָ בְּבֵ֣ית מְגוּרָֽי׃ |
I have melodies – Your statutes – In the house where I stay. |
where I stay ← of my sojourning. |
| Ps 119:55 | זָ֘כַ֤רְתִּי בַלַּ֣יְלָה שִׁמְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה וָֽ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה תּוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
I have remembered your name at night, O Lord, And I have kept your law. |
|
| Ps 119:56 | זֹ֥את הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֑י כִּ֖י פִקֻּדֶ֣יךָ נָצָֽרְתִּי׃ |
This became my part, For I have kept your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:57 | חֶלְקִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אָמַ֗רְתִּי לִשְׁמֹ֥ר דְּבָרֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have said, “My part is the Lord”, By keeping your words. |
is the Lord: or (O) Lord. AV differs in syntax.
by keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 119:58 | חִלִּ֣יתִי פָנֶ֣יךָ בְכָל־לֵ֑ב חָ֝נֵּ֗נִי כְּאִמְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
I have entreated you wholeheartedly; Oh show me grace according to your saying. |
entreated you ← weakened your face. |
| Ps 119:59 | חִשַּׁ֥בְתִּי דְרָכָ֑י וָאָשִׁ֥יבָה רַ֝גְלַ֗י אֶל־עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have considered my ways And retraced my steps to your testimonies. |
steps ← feet. |
| Ps 119:60 | חַ֭שְׁתִּי וְלֹ֣א הִתְמַהְמָ֑הְתִּי לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have hastened and not delayed In keeping your commandments. |
in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ps 119:61 | חֶבְלֵ֣י רְשָׁעִ֣ים עִוְּדֻ֑נִי תּֽ֝וֹרָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
The snares of the wicked have surrounded me, But I have not forgotten your law. |
snares ... surrounded: AV differs (bands ... robbed). |
| Ps 119:62 | חֲצֽוֹת־לַ֗יְלָה אָ֭קוּם לְהוֹד֣וֹת לָ֑ךְ עַ֝֗ל מִשְׁפְּטֵ֥י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
I will get up at midnight to give you thanks For your righteous judgments. |
righteous judgments ← judgments of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:63 | חָבֵ֣ר אָ֭נִי לְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְרֵא֑וּךָ וּ֝לְשֹׁמְרֵ֗י פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ |
I am a companion to all who fear you And to those who keep your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:64 | חַסְדְּךָ֣ יְ֭הוָה מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֗רֶץ חֻקֶּ֥יךָ לַמְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
The earth, O Lord, is full of your kindness; Oh teach me your statutes. |
earth: or land. |
| Ps 119:65 | ט֭וֹב עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִֽם־עַבְדְּךָ֑ יְ֝הוָ֗ה כִּדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
You have done good to your servant, O Lord, In accordance with your word. |
|
| Ps 119:66 | ט֤וּב טַ֣עַם וָדַ֣עַת לַמְּדֵ֑נִי כִּ֖י בְמִצְוֺתֶ֣יךָ הֶאֱמָֽנְתִּי׃ |
Teach me keen discernment and knowledge, For I have put faith in your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:67 | טֶ֣רֶם אֶ֭עֱנֶה אֲנִ֣י שֹׁגֵ֑ג וְ֝עַתָּ֗ה אִמְרָתְךָ֥ שָׁמָֽרְתִּי׃ |
Before I was afflicted, I erred, But now I keep your saying. |
|
| Ps 119:68 | טוֹב־אַתָּ֥ה וּמֵטִ֗יב לַמְּדֵ֥נִי חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
You are good and you do good; Oh teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:69 | טָפְל֬וּ עָלַ֣י שֶׁ֣קֶר זֵדִ֑ים אֲ֝נִ֗י בְּכָל־לֵ֤ב ׀ אֱצֹּ֬ר פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ |
The insolent have devised subterfuge against me, But I will wholeheartedly keep your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:70 | טָפַ֣שׁ כַּחֵ֣לֶב לִבָּ֑ם אֲ֝נִ֗י תּוֹרָתְךָ֥ שִֽׁעֲשָֽׁעְתִּי׃ |
Their heart has become stolid like fat, But I delight in your law. |
|
| Ps 119:71 | טֽוֹב־לִ֥י כִֽי־עֻנֵּ֑יתִי לְ֝מַ֗עַן אֶלְמַ֥ד חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
It was good for me that I was afflicted, In order that I should learn your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:72 | טֽוֹב־לִ֥י תֽוֹרַת־פִּ֑יךָ מֵ֝אַלְפֵ֗י זָהָ֥ב וָכָֽסֶף׃ |
The law from your mouth is better for me Than thousands of gold and silver coins. |
|
| Ps 119:73 | יָדֶ֣יךָ עָ֭שׂוּנִי וַֽיְכוֹנְנ֑וּנִי הֲ֝בִינֵ֗נִי וְאֶלְמְדָ֥ה מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Your hands made me and established me; Instruct me and let me learn your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:74 | יְ֭רֵאֶיךָ יִרְא֣וּנִי וְיִשְׂמָ֑חוּ כִּ֖י לִדְבָרְךָ֣ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
Those who fear you will see me and rejoice, For I have awaited your word. |
|
| Ps 119:75 | יָדַ֣עְתִּי יְ֭הוָה כִּי־צֶ֣דֶק מִשְׁפָּטֶ֑יךָ וֶ֝אֱמוּנָ֗ה עִנִּיתָֽנִי׃ |
I know, O Lord, That your judgments are righteous, And that you have afflicted me in faithfulness. |
righteous ← righteousness. |
| Ps 119:76 | יְהִי־נָ֣א חַסְדְּךָ֣ לְנַחֲמֵ֑נִי כְּאִמְרָתְךָ֥ לְעַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Do let your kindness be comfort to me According to your saying to your servant. |
|
| Ps 119:77 | יְבֹא֣וּנִי רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ וְאֶֽחְיֶ֑ה כִּי־תֽ֝וֹרָתְךָ֗ שַֽׁעֲשֻׁעָֽי׃ |
May your compassion come over me, So that I live, For your law is my delight. |
delight ← delights. |
| Ps 119:78 | יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ זֵ֭דִים כִּי־שֶׁ֣קֶר עִוְּת֑וּנִי אֲ֝נִ֗י אָשִׂ֥יחַ בְּפִקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ |
May the insolent be ashamed, For they have crookedly devised subterfuge against me. I will meditate on your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:79 | יָשׁ֣וּבוּ לִ֣י יְרֵאֶ֑יךָ *וידעו **וְ֝יֹדְעֵ֗י עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
May those who fear you return to me {K: So that they may} [Q: As may those who] know your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:80 | יְהִֽי־לִבִּ֣י תָמִ֣ים בְּחֻקֶּ֑יךָ לְ֝מַ֗עַן לֹ֣א אֵבֽוֹשׁ׃ |
May my heart be with integrity regarding your statutes So that I will not be ashamed. |
|
| Ps 119:81 | כָּלְתָ֣ה לִתְשׁוּעָתְךָ֣ נַפְשִׁ֑י לִדְבָרְךָ֥ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
My soul pines for your salvation; I have awaited your word. |
|
| Ps 119:82 | כָּל֣וּ עֵ֭ינַי לְאִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ לֵ֝אמֹ֗ר מָתַ֥י תְּֽנַחֲמֵֽנִי׃ |
My eyes pine for your saying, and they say, “When will you comfort me?” |
|
| Ps 119:83 | כִּֽי־הָ֭יִיתִי כְּנֹ֣אד בְּקִיט֑וֹר חֻ֝קֶּ֗יךָ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
For I have been like a wineskin in incense-smoke, But I have not forgotten your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:84 | כַּמָּ֥ה יְמֵֽי־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ מָתַ֬י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בְרֹדְפַ֣י מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
How many are the days of your servant? When will you execute judgment on those who pursue me? |
|
| Ps 119:85 | כָּֽרוּ־לִ֣י זֵדִ֣ים שִׁיח֑וֹת אֲ֝שֶׁ֗ר לֹ֣א כְתוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
The insolent have dug pits for me, Not being in accordance with your law. |
|
| Ps 119:86 | כָּל־מִצְוֺתֶ֥יךָ אֱמוּנָ֑ה שֶׁ֖קֶר רְדָפ֣וּנִי עָזְרֵֽנִי׃ |
All your commandments are faithful. They pursue me on false grounds; Oh do help me. |
faithful ← faithfulness. Noun for adjective. |
| Ps 119:87 | כִּ֭מְעַט כִּלּ֣וּנִי בָאָ֑רֶץ וַ֝אֲנִ֗י לֹא־עָזַ֥בְתִּי פִקֻּודֶֽיךָ׃ |
They have almost finished me off on the earth, But I have not forsaken your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:88 | כְּחַסְדְּךָ֥ חַיֵּ֑נִי וְ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה עֵד֥וּת פִּֽיךָ׃ |
Preserve me alive according to your mercy, And may I keep the testimony of your pronouncement. |
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Ps 119:89 | לְעוֹלָ֥ם יְהוָ֑ה דְּ֝בָרְךָ֗ נִצָּ֥ב בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
Your word, O Lord, is age-abiding; It stands in heaven. |
|
| Ps 119:90 | לְדֹ֣ר וָ֭דֹר אֱמֽוּנָתֶ֑ךָ כּוֹנַ֥נְתָּ אֶ֝֗רֶץ וַֽתַּעֲמֹֽד׃ |
Your faithfulness is from generation to generation; You have established the earth, And it stands. |
See note on Ps 119:122. |
| Ps 119:91 | לְֽ֭מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ עָמְד֣וּ הַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י הַכֹּ֣ל עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ |
They stand today according to your judgments, For all things are your servants. |
they: i.e. heaven and earth. |
| Ps 119:92 | לוּלֵ֣י ת֭וֹרָתְךָ שַׁעֲשֻׁעָ֑י אָ֝֗ז אָבַ֥דְתִּי בְעָנְיִֽי׃ |
If your law were not my delight, Then I would have perished in my affliction. |
delight ← delights. |
| Ps 119:93 | לְ֭עוֹלָם לֹא־אֶשְׁכַּ֣ח פִּקּוּדֶ֑יךָ כִּ֥י בָ֝֗ם חִיִּיתָֽנִי׃ |
I will never forget your precepts, For through them you have preserved me alive. |
never ← not for the age. |
| Ps 119:94 | לְֽךָ־אֲ֭נִי הוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי כִּ֖י פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ דָרָֽשְׁתִּי׃ |
I am yours; Oh do save me, For I have sought your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:95 | לִ֤י קִוּ֣וּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים לְאַבְּדֵ֑נִי עֵ֝דֹתֶ֗יךָ אֶתְבּוֹנָֽן׃ |
As for me, the wicked hoped to destroy me, But I will give attention to your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:96 | לְֽכָל תִּ֭כְלָה רָאִ֣יתִי קֵ֑ץ רְחָבָ֖ה מִצְוָתְךָ֣ מְאֹֽד׃ |
I have seen an end to every accomplishment, But your commandment is very far-reaching. |
far-reaching ← broad. |
| Ps 119:97 | מָֽה־אָהַ֥בְתִּי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם הִ֣יא שִׂיחָתִֽי׃ |
How I love your law; All day long it is my meditation. |
|
| Ps 119:98 | מֵ֭אֹ֣יְבַי תְּחַכְּמֵ֣נִי מִצְוֺתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם הִיא־לִֽי׃ |
You have given me more wisdom through your commandments than my enemies, For it is age-abiding to me. |
you have given me more wisdom through your commandments: or re-pointed to the singular, מִצְוָתֶֽךָ, your commandment has given me more wisdom. This could still ↴ |
| Ps 119:99 | מִכָּל־מְלַמְּדַ֥י הִשְׂכַּ֑לְתִּי כִּ֥י עֵ֝דְוֺתֶ֗יךָ שִׂ֣יחָה לִֽֿי׃ |
I have acquired more skill than all my teachers, For your testimonies are my meditation. |
↳ stand for the body of commandments. The word מִצְוֹתֶךָ is a plural noun with a mismatching suffix. |
| Ps 119:100 | מִזְּקֵנִ֥ים אֶתְבּוֹנָ֑ן כִּ֖י פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ נָצָֽרְתִּי׃ |
I am gaining more understanding than elders, For I keep your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:101 | מִכָּל־אֹ֣רַח רָ֭ע כָּלִ֣אתִי רַגְלָ֑י לְ֝מַ֗עַן אֶשְׁמֹ֥ר דְּבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
I have kept my feet away from every evil path In order that I may keep to your word. |
|
| Ps 119:102 | מִמִּשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ לֹא־סָ֑רְתִּי כִּֽי־אַ֝תָּ֗ה הוֹרֵתָֽנִי׃ |
I have not departed from your judgments, For you have instructed me. |
|
| Ps 119:103 | מַה־נִּמְלְצ֣וּ לְ֭חִכִּי אִמְרָתֶ֗ךָ מִדְּבַ֥שׁ לְפִֽי׃ |
How smooth your saying is to my palate – More so than honey to my mouth. |
|
| Ps 119:104 | מִפִּקּוּדֶ֥יךָ אֶתְבּוֹנָ֑ן עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן שָׂנֵ֤אתִי ׀ כָּל־אֹ֬רַח שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
I am gaining understanding from your precepts, Which is why I hate every false path. |
|
| Ps 119:105 | נֵר־לְרַגְלִ֥י דְבָרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝א֗וֹר לִנְתִיבָתִֽי׃ |
Your word is a lamp to my feet And a light to my path. |
|
| Ps 119:106 | נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי וָאֲקַיֵּ֑מָה לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מִשְׁפְּטֵ֥י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
I have sworn, and I will uphold it, To keep your righteous judgments. |
your righteous judgments ← the judgments of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:107 | נַעֲנֵ֥יתִי עַד־מְאֹ֑ד יְ֝הוָ֗ה חַיֵּ֥נִי כִדְבָרֶֽךָ׃ |
I have been afflicted very much. O Lord, preserve me alive according to your word. |
|
| Ps 119:108 | נִדְב֣וֹת פִּ֭י רְצֵה־נָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּֽמִשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ לַמְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
O Lord, do accept the freewill-offerings of my mouth, And teach me your judgments. |
|
| Ps 119:109 | נַפְשִׁ֣י בְכַפִּ֣י תָמִ֑יד וְ֝תֽוֹרָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
My life is continually in the palm of my hand, But I have not forgotten your law. |
life ← soul.
in the palm of my hand: i.e. in great danger. |
| Ps 119:110 | נָתְנ֬וּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים פַּ֣ח לִ֑י וּ֝מִפִּקּוּדֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א תָעִֽיתִי׃ |
The wicked have set a trap for me, But I have not strayed from your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:111 | נָחַ֣לְתִּי עֵדְוֺתֶ֣יךָ לְעוֹלָ֑ם כִּֽי־שְׂשׂ֖וֹן לִבִּ֣י הֵֽמָּה׃ |
I have inherited your testimonies age-abidingly, For they are a joy to my heart. |
|
| Ps 119:112 | נָטִ֣יתִי לִ֭בִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת חֻקֶּ֗יךָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם עֵֽקֶב׃ |
I have disposed my heart to perform your statutes, Age-abidingly, and to the end. |
|
| Ps 119:113 | סֵעֲפִ֥ים שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וְֽתוֹרָתְךָ֥ אָהָֽבְתִּי׃ |
I have hated the doubters, But I have loved your law. |
doubters: AV differs (vain thoughts). |
| Ps 119:114 | סִתְרִ֣י וּמָגִנִּ֣י אָ֑תָּה לִדְבָרְךָ֥ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
You are my hiding place and my shield; I have awaited your word. |
|
| Ps 119:115 | סֽוּרוּ־מִמֶּ֥נִּי מְרֵעִ֑ים וְ֝אֶצְּרָ֗ה מִצְוֺ֥ת אֱלֹהָֽי׃ |
Depart from me, you evildoers, While I keep the commandments of my God. |
|
| Ps 119:116 | סָמְכֵ֣נִי כְאִמְרָתְךָ֣ וְאֶֽחְיֶ֑ה וְאַל־תְּ֝בִישֵׁ֗נִי מִשִּׂבְרִֽי׃ |
Support me according to your saying So that I may live And do not put me to shame in my expectation. |
in my expectation ← from my expectation. |
| Ps 119:117 | סְעָדֵ֥נִי וְאִוָּשֵׁ֑עָה וְאֶשְׁעָ֖ה בְחֻקֶּ֣יךָ תָמִֽיד׃ |
Uphold me, and I will be saved, And I will look to your statutes continually. |
|
| Ps 119:118 | סָ֭לִיתָ כָּל־שׁוֹגִ֣ים מֵחֻקֶּ֑יךָ כִּי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר תַּרְמִיתָֽם׃ |
You carry away all those who stray from your statutes, For their deceit is a false thing. |
carry away: or despise. |
| Ps 119:119 | סִגִ֗ים הִשְׁבַּ֥תָּ כָל־רִשְׁעֵי־אָ֑רֶץ לָ֝כֵ֗ן אָהַ֥בְתִּי עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
You put an end to dross – All the wicked of the earth. For that reason I love your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:120 | סָמַ֣ר מִפַּחְדְּךָ֣ בְשָׂרִ֑י וּֽמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ יָרֵֽאתִי׃ |
My flesh shudders in awe of you, And I fear your judgments. |
|
| Ps 119:121 | עָ֭שִׂיתִי מִשְׁפָּ֣ט וָצֶ֑דֶק בַּל־תַּ֝נִּיחֵ֗נִי לְעֹֽשְׁקָֽי׃ |
I have executed justice and righteousness; Do not abandon me to those who oppress me. |
those who oppress me ← my oppressors, an objective genitive (they oppress me). |
| Ps 119:122 | עֲרֹ֣ב עַבְדְּךָ֣ לְט֑וֹב אַֽל־יַעַשְׁקֻ֥נִי זֵדִֽים׃ |
Pledge good for your servant; Do not let the insolent oppress me. |
According to [CB] App. 73, this is the only verse in this psalm that does not contain one of the words way, testimony, precept, commandment, saying, law, judgment / justice, righteousness, statute, word. But Ps 119:90 requires the addition of faithfulness.
pledge good for your servant ← pledge your servant to good. |
| Ps 119:123 | עֵ֭ינַי כָּל֣וּ לִֽישׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ וּלְאִמְרַ֥ת צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
My eyes pine for your salvation And for your righteous saying. |
your righteous saying ← the saying of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:124 | עֲשֵׂ֖ה עִם־עַבְדְּךָ֥ כְחַסְדֶּ֗ךָ וְחֻקֶּ֥יךָ לַמְּדֵֽנִי׃ |
Treat your servant according to your kindness, And teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:125 | עַבְדְּךָ־אָ֥נִי הֲבִינֵ֑נִי וְ֝אֵדְעָ֗ה עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I am your servant; Oh give me understanding So that I may know your testimonies. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Ps 119:126 | עֵ֭ת לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה הֵ֝פֵ֗רוּ תּוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
It is time for the Lord to act. They have violated your law. |
|
| Ps 119:127 | עַל־כֵּ֭ן אָהַ֣בְתִּי מִצְוֺתֶ֑יךָ מִזָּהָ֥ב וּמִפָּֽז׃ |
That is why I love your commandments More than gold and than fine gold. |
|
| Ps 119:128 | עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ כָּל־פִּקּ֣וּדֵי כֹ֣ל יִשָּׁ֑רְתִּי כָּל־אֹ֖רַח שֶׁ֣קֶר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃ |
That is why I consider all your universal precepts to be right, Whilst I hate every false path. |
universal ← of everything. |
| Ps 119:129 | פְּלָא֥וֹת עֵדְוֺתֶ֑יךָ עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן נְצָרָ֥תַם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Your testimonies are wondrous, Which is why my being has kept them. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 119:130 | פֵּ֖תַח דְּבָרֶ֥יךָ יָאִ֗יר מֵבִ֥ין פְּתָיִֽים׃ |
The opening up of your words gives enlightenment; It gives understanding to the simple-minded. |
|
| Ps 119:131 | פִּֽי־פָ֭עַרְתִּי וָאֶשְׁאָ֑פָה כִּ֖י לְמִצְוֺתֶ֣יךָ יָאָֽבְתִּי׃ |
I have opened my mouth wide And drawn breath, For I have longed for your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:132 | פְּנֵה־אֵלַ֥י וְחָנֵּ֑נִי כְּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט לְאֹהֲבֵ֥י שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ |
Turn to me and be gracious to me, According to the judgment for those who love your name. |
judgment: or, here, custom. |
| Ps 119:133 | פְּ֭עָמַי הָכֵ֣ן בְּאִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ וְֽאַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּ֥י כָל־אָֽוֶן׃ |
Establish my steps by your saying, And do not let any iniquity have dominion over me. |
any ← all. |
| Ps 119:134 | פְּ֭דֵנִי מֵעֹ֣שֶׁק אָדָ֑ם וְ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ |
Deliver me from man's oppression, And may I keep your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:135 | פָּ֭נֶיךָ הָאֵ֣ר בְּעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝לַמְּדֵ֗נִי אֶת־חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Let your face shine on your servant, And teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:136 | פַּלְגֵי־מַ֭יִם יָרְד֣וּ עֵינָ֑י עַ֝֗ל לֹא־שָׁמְר֥וּ תוֹרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Streams of water run down my eyes, Because they do not keep your law. |
water: i.e., here, tears. |
| Ps 119:137 | צַדִּ֣יק אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝יָשָׁ֗ר מִשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃ |
You, O Lord, are righteous, And your judgments are upright. |
|
| Ps 119:138 | צִ֭וִּיתָ צֶ֣דֶק עֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ וֶֽאֱמוּנָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
You have commanded the righteousness of your testimonies And much faithfulness. |
AV differs in syntactical arrangement. |
| Ps 119:139 | צִמְּתַ֥תְנִי קִנְאָתִ֑י כִּֽי־שָׁכְח֖וּ דְבָרֶ֣יךָ צָרָֽי׃ |
My zeal has eaten me up, For my adversaries have forgotten your words. |
eaten me up ← silenced / annihilated me. |
| Ps 119:140 | צְרוּפָ֖ה אִמְרָתְךָ֥ מְאֹ֗ד וְֽעַבְדְּךָ֥ אֲהֵבָֽהּ׃ |
Your saying is highly refined, And your servant loves it. |
|
| Ps 119:141 | צָעִ֣יר אָנֹכִ֣י וְנִבְזֶ֑ה פִּ֝קֻּדֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
I am lowly and despised, But I have not forgotten your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:142 | צִדְקָתְךָ֣ צֶ֣דֶק לְעוֹלָ֑ם וְֽתוֹרָתְךָ֥ אֱמֶֽת׃ |
Your righteousness is age-abiding righteousness, And your law is truth. |
|
| Ps 119:143 | צַר־וּמָצ֥וֹק מְצָא֑וּנִי מִ֝צְוֺתֶ֗יךָ שַׁעֲשֻׁעָֽי׃ |
Adversity and distress have encountered me, But your commandments are my delight. |
delight ← delights. |
| Ps 119:144 | צֶ֖דֶק עֵדְוֺתֶ֥יךָ לְעוֹלָ֗ם הֲבִינֵ֥נִי וְאֶחְיֶֽה׃ |
The righteousness of your testimonies is age-abiding. Give me understanding, and I will live. |
|
| Ps 119:145 | קָרָ֣אתִי בְכָל־לֵ֭ב עֲנֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֗ה חֻקֶּ֥יךָ אֶצֹּֽרָה׃ |
I have called out with all my heart; Oh answer me, O Lord. Let me keep your statutes. |
In this verse we have supplied both the exclamatory oh, and the vocative O, the latter always capitalized. |
| Ps 119:146 | קְרָאתִ֥יךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי וְ֝אֶשְׁמְרָ֗ה עֵדֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
I have called on you; Oh save me, And let me keep your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:147 | קִדַּ֣מְתִּי בַ֭נֶּשֶׁף וָאֲשַׁוֵּ֑עָה *לדבריך **לִדְבָרְךָ֥ יִחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
I have been up earlier than the morning twilight And cried out; I have awaited your {K: words} [Q: word]. |
A similar ketiv / qeré issue in Ps 119:161. |
| Ps 119:148 | קִדְּמ֣וּ עֵ֭ינַי אַשְׁמֻר֑וֹת לָ֝שִׂ֗יחַ בְּאִמְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
My eyes have been open earlier than night-watches To meditate on your saying. |
|
| Ps 119:149 | ק֭וֹלִי שִׁמְעָ֣ה כְחַסְדֶּ֑ךָ יְ֝הוָ֗ה כְּֽמִשְׁפָּטֶ֥ךָ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
Oh hear my voice according to your kindness, O Lord; Preserve me alive according to your judgment. |
|
| Ps 119:150 | קָ֭רְבוּ רֹדְפֵ֣י זִמָּ֑ה מִתּוֹרָתְךָ֥ רָחָֽקוּ׃ |
Those who pursue deceit have drawn near, And they are far from your law. |
|
| Ps 119:151 | קָר֣וֹב אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וְֽכָל־מִצְוֺתֶ֥יךָ אֱמֶֽת׃ |
You are near, O Lord, And all your commandments are truth. |
|
| Ps 119:152 | קֶ֣דֶם יָ֭דַעְתִּי מֵעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם יְסַדְתָּֽם׃ |
I have known from your testimonies from long ago That you founded them age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 119:153 | רְאֵֽה־עָנְיִ֥י וְחַלְּצֵ֑נִי כִּי־תֽ֝וֹרָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
Oh see my affliction and deliver me, For I have not forgotten your law. |
|
| Ps 119:154 | רִיבָ֣ה רִ֭יבִי וּגְאָלֵ֑נִי לְאִמְרָתְךָ֥ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
Plead my case and redeem me, And preserve me alive according to your saying. |
|
| Ps 119:155 | רָח֣וֹק מֵרְשָׁעִ֣ים יְשׁוּעָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֻ֝קֶּיךָ לֹ֣א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ |
Salvation is far from the wicked, For they have not sought your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:156 | רַחֲמֶ֖יךָ רַבִּ֥ים ׀ יְהוָ֑ה כְּֽמִשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
Your mercies are great, O Lord; Oh preserve me alive according to your judgments. |
|
| Ps 119:157 | רַ֭בִּים רֹדְפַ֣י וְצָרָ֑י מֵ֝עֵדְוֺתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א נָטִֽיתִי׃ |
Many are those who pursue me and my adversaries, But I have not turned away from your testimonies. |
|
| Ps 119:158 | רָאִ֣יתִי בֹ֭גְדִים וָֽאֶתְקוֹטָ֑טָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִ֝מְרָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃ |
I have seen those who deal treacherously And loathed them – Those who have not kept your saying. |
|
| Ps 119:159 | רְ֭אֵה כִּי־פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ אָהָ֑בְתִּי יְ֝הוָ֗ה כְּֽחַסְדְּךָ֥ חַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
See how I love your precepts; O Lord, do preserve me alive according to your kindness. |
|
| Ps 119:160 | רֹאשׁ־דְּבָרְךָ֥ אֱמֶ֑ת וּ֝לְעוֹלָ֗ם כָּל־מִשְׁפַּ֥ט צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
The principle of your word is truth, And all your righteous judgment is age-abiding. |
your righteous judgment ← the judgment of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:161 | שָׂ֭רִים רְדָפ֣וּנִי חִנָּ֑ם *ומדבריך **וּ֝מִדְּבָרְךָ֗ פָּחַ֥ד לִבִּֽי׃ |
Princes have pursued me gratuitously, But my heart is in awe at your {K: words} [Q: word]. |
A similar ketiv / qeré issue in Ps 119:147. |
| Ps 119:162 | שָׂ֣שׂ אָ֭נֹכִֽי עַל־אִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ כְּ֝מוֹצֵ֗א שָׁלָ֥ל רָֽב׃ |
I rejoice at your saying, Like someone finding great spoil. |
|
| Ps 119:163 | שֶׁ֣קֶר שָׂ֭נֵאתִי וַאֲתַעֵ֑בָה תּוֹרָתְךָ֥ אָהָֽבְתִּי׃ |
I hate falsehood, and I abominate it, But I love your law. |
|
| Ps 119:164 | שֶׁ֣בַע בַּ֭יּוֹם הִלַּלְתִּ֑יךָ עַ֝֗ל מִשְׁפְּטֵ֥י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
I praise you seven times per day For your righteous judgments. |
your righteous judgments ← the judgments of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 119:165 | שָׁל֣וֹם רָ֭ב לְאֹהֲבֵ֣י תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ וְאֵֽין־לָ֥מוֹ מִכְשֽׁוֹל׃ |
Those who love your law have great peace, And they have no occasion to stumble. |
occasion to stumble ← stumbling block. |
| Ps 119:166 | שִׂבַּ֣רְתִּי לִֽישׁוּעָתְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה וּֽמִצְוֺתֶ֥יךָ עָשִֽׂיתִי׃ |
I have awaited your salvation, O Lord, And I have carried out your commandments. |
|
| Ps 119:167 | שָֽׁמְרָ֣ה נַ֭פְשִׁי עֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ וָאֹהֲבֵ֥ם מְאֹֽד׃ |
My being has kept your testimonies, And I love them very much. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 119:168 | שָׁמַ֣רְתִּי פִ֭קּוּדֶיךָ וְעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י כָל־דְּרָכַ֣י נֶגְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
I have kept your precepts and your testimonies, For all my ways are before you. |
|
| Ps 119:169 | תִּקְרַ֤ב רִנָּתִ֣י לְפָנֶ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה כִּדְבָרְךָ֥ הֲבִינֵֽנִי׃ |
Let my shouting draw near to your presence, O Lord, And give me understanding according to your word. |
shouting: very often for joy, which we regard as a meaning in its own right, as in Ps 126:2, but also for help, as in Lam 2:19. |
| Ps 119:170 | תָּב֣וֹא תְּחִנָּתִ֣י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ כְּ֝אִמְרָתְךָ֗ הַצִּילֵֽנִי׃ |
May my supplication come before you; Oh deliver me according to your saying. |
|
| Ps 119:171 | תַּבַּ֣עְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣י תְּהִלָּ֑ה כִּ֖י תְלַמְּדֵ֣נִי חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ |
My lips will effuse praise, For you will teach me your statutes. |
|
| Ps 119:172 | תַּ֣עַן לְ֭שׁוֹנִי אִמְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֖י כָל־מִצְוֺתֶ֣יךָ צֶּֽדֶק׃ |
May my tongue answer with your saying, For all your commandments are righteous. |
righteous ← righteousness. |
| Ps 119:173 | תְּהִֽי־יָדְךָ֥ לְעָזְרֵ֑נִי כִּ֖י פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ בָחָֽרְתִּי׃ |
May your hand be to help me, For I have chosen your precepts. |
|
| Ps 119:174 | תָּאַ֣בְתִּי לִֽישׁוּעָתְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝תֽוֹרָתְךָ֗ שַׁעֲשֻׁעָֽי׃ |
I have longed for your salvation, O Lord, And your law is my delight. |
delight ← delights. |
| Ps 119:175 | תְּֽחִי־נַ֭פְשִׁי וּֽתְהַֽלְלֶ֑ךָּ וּֽמִשְׁפָּטֶ֥ךָ יַעֲזְרֻֽנִי׃ |
May my being live and praise you, And may your judgment help me. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 119:176 | תָּעִ֗יתִי כְּשֶׂ֣ה אֹ֭בֵד בַּקֵּ֣שׁ עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י מִ֝צְוֺתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃ |
I have strayed like a sheep getting lost; Oh seek your servant, For I have not forgotten your commandments. |
|
| Ps 120:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצָּרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י קָ֝רָ֗אתִי וַֽיַּעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
When I was in adversity I called out to the Lord, And he answered me. |
the sundial degree markings: see [CB] and 1 Ki 20:8-11, Isa 38:8. [BDB] and others have ascents, referring to going up to Jerusalem at a festival time. |
| Ps 120:2 | יְֽהוָ֗ה הַצִּ֣ילָה נַ֭פְשִׁי מִשְּׂפַת־שֶׁ֑קֶר מִלָּשׁ֥וֹן רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
O Lord, deliver my life from a false lip, And from a deceitful tongue. |
life ← soul.
false lip ... deceitful tongue ← lip of falsity ... tongue of deceit, Hebraic genitives. |
| Ps 120:3 | מַה־יִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭ךָ וּמַה־יֹּסִ֥יף לָ֗ךְ לָשׁ֥וֹן רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
What will he give you, Or what else will he give you, O deceitful tongue? |
what else will he give ← what will he add to you. |
| Ps 120:4 | חִצֵּ֣י גִבּ֣וֹר שְׁנוּנִ֑ים עִ֝֗ם גַּחֲלֵ֥י רְתָמִֽים׃ |
– The sharpened warrior's arrows With blazing broom attached. |
blazing: the word usually applies to burning coals, but without emphasis on the substance burning; here it applies to the broom branches. |
| Ps 120:5 | אֽוֹיָה־לִ֭י כִּי־גַ֣רְתִּי מֶ֑שֶׁךְ שָׁ֝כַ֗נְתִּי עִֽם־אָהֳלֵ֥י קֵדָֽר׃ |
Alas for me, for I am staying in Meshech And dwelling with the tents of Kedar. |
Meshech: AV= Mesech here; elsewhere Meshech. |
| Ps 120:6 | רַ֭בַּת שָֽׁכְנָה־לָּ֣הּ נַפְשִׁ֑י עִ֝֗ם שׂוֹנֵ֥א שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
My being dwelt there for a long time With one who hates peace. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 120:7 | אֲֽנִי־שָׁ֭לוֹם וְכִ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר הֵ֝֗מָּה לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
I am for peace, But when I speak, They are for war. |
|
| Ps 121:1 | שִׁ֗יר לַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֶשָּׂ֣א עֵ֭ינַי אֶל־הֶהָרִ֑ים מֵ֝אַ֗יִן יָבֹ֥א עֶזְרִֽי׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
I will lift up my eyes to the hills; Oh where will my help come from? |
where: AV differs, not taking this as a question. |
| Ps 121:2 | עֶ֭זְרִי מֵעִ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
My help comes from the Lord, Who made heaven and earth. |
|
| Ps 121:3 | אַל־יִתֵּ֣ן לַמּ֣וֹט רַגְלֶ֑ךָ אַל־יָ֝נ֗וּם שֹֽׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ |
May he not allow your foot to falter; May he who watches over you not slumber. |
|
| Ps 121:4 | הִנֵּ֣ה לֹֽא־יָ֭נוּם וְלֹ֣א יִישָׁ֑ן שׁ֝וֹמֵ֗ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
Behold, the protector of Israel does not slumber, Nor does he sleep. |
|
| Ps 121:5 | יְהוָ֥ה שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ יְהוָ֥ה צִ֝לְּךָ֗ עַל־יַ֥ד יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
The Lord is your protector; The Lord is your shade At your right hand. |
|
| Ps 121:6 | יוֹמָ֗ם הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ לֹֽא־יַכֶּ֗כָּה וְיָרֵ֥חַ בַּלָּֽיְלָה׃ |
By day the sun will not strike you, Nor the moon by night. |
|
| Ps 121:7 | יְֽהוָ֗ה יִשְׁמָרְךָ֥ מִכָּל־רָ֑ע יִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
The Lord will protect you from all evil; He will protect your life. |
life ← soul. |
| Ps 121:8 | יְֽהוָ֗ה יִשְׁמָר־צֵאתְךָ֥ וּבוֹאֶ֑ךָ מֵֽ֝עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
The Lord will protect your day-to-day affairs From now on and age-abidingly. |
your day-to-day affairs ← your going out and your coming in. |
| Ps 122:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד שָׂ֭מַחְתִּי בְּאֹמְרִ֣ים לִ֑י בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה נֵלֵֽךְ׃ |
A song of David of the sundial degree markings.
I rejoiced when they said to me, “Let us go to the house of the Lord.” |
|
| Ps 122:2 | עֹ֭מְדוֹת הָי֣וּ רַגְלֵ֑ינוּ בִּ֝שְׁעָרַ֗יִךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
Our feet are standing At your gates, O Jerusalem |
|
| Ps 122:3 | יְרוּשָׁלִַ֥ם הַבְּנוּיָ֑ה כְּ֝עִ֗יר שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־לָּ֥הּ יַחְדָּֽו׃ |
– Jerusalem which is built Like a city which is wholly joined up, |
wholly joined up ← joined up to itself together. |
| Ps 122:4 | שֶׁשָּׁ֨ם עָל֪וּ שְׁבָטִ֡ים שִׁבְטֵי־יָ֭הּ עֵד֣וּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְ֝הֹד֗וֹת לְשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
To where the tribes go up – The tribes of the Lord – As a testimony to Israel, To give thanks to the name of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 122:5 | כִּ֤י שָׁ֨מָּה ׀ יָשְׁב֣וּ כִסְא֣וֹת לְמִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֝סְא֗וֹת לְבֵ֣ית דָּוִֽיד׃ |
For thrones of judgment are located there – Thrones of the house of David. |
are located ← sit / dwell. |
| Ps 122:6 | שַׁ֭אֲלוּ שְׁל֣וֹם יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יִ֝שְׁלָ֗יוּ אֹהֲבָֽיִךְ׃ |
Ask for the peace of Jerusalem; May those who love you be free of cares. |
you: the psalm addresses Jerusalem directly in this and the subsequent verses. |
| Ps 122:7 | יְהִֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם בְּחֵילֵ֑ךְ שַׁ֝לְוָ֗ה בְּאַרְמְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃ |
May there be peace in your building stock And well-being in your palaces. |
building stock: or population. The root meanings are force, host, valour, wealth, the latter including real estate. |
| Ps 122:8 | לְ֭מַעַן אַחַ֣י וְרֵעָ֑י אֲדַבְּרָה־נָּ֖א שָׁל֣וֹם בָּֽךְ׃ |
For the sake of my brothers and friends, Do let me say, “Peace within you.” |
|
| Ps 122:9 | לְ֭מַעַן בֵּית־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֲבַקְשָׁ֖ה ט֣וֹב לָֽךְ׃ |
For the sake of the house of the Lord our God, I will seek your welfare. |
|
| Ps 123:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֵ֭לֶיךָ נָשָׂ֣אתִי אֶת־עֵינַ֑י הַ֝יֹּשְׁבִ֗י בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
To you I have lifted up my eyes, You who dwell in the heavens. |
|
| Ps 123:2 | הִנֵּ֨ה כְעֵינֵ֪י עֲבָדִ֡ים אֶל־יַ֤ד אֲֽדוֹנֵיהֶ֗ם כְּעֵינֵ֣י שִׁפְחָה֮ אֶל־יַ֪ד גְּבִ֫רְתָּ֥הּ כֵּ֣ן עֵ֭ינֵינוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ עַ֝֗ד שֶׁיְּחָנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
Behold, as the eyes of servants look to the hand of their master, As the eyes of a maidservant look to the hand of her mistress, So our eyes look to the Lord our God Until he has mercy on us. |
master ← masters, but we take it as a plural of excellence. |
| Ps 123:3 | חָנֵּ֣נוּ יְהוָ֣ה חָנֵּ֑נוּ כִּֽי־רַ֝֗ב שָׂבַ֥עְנוּ בֽוּז׃ |
Have mercy on us, O Lord, Have mercy on us, For we have had our fill of contempt in great measure. |
have had our fill ← are satiated. |
| Ps 123:4 | רַבַּת֮ שָֽׂבְעָה־לָּ֪הּ נַ֫פְשֵׁ֥נוּ הַלַּ֥עַג הַשַּׁאֲנַנִּ֑ים הַ֝בּ֗וּז לִגְאֵ֥יוֹנִֽים׃ |
Our being has had its fill in great measure, With mockery from the wanton And contempt from the proud. |
the proud: [BHS], but not [WLC], has a ketiv qeré issue.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 124:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה שֶׁהָ֣יָה לָ֑נוּ יֹֽאמַר־נָ֝א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
A song of David of the sundial degree markings.
If the Lord were not for us – Do let Israel say – |
|
| Ps 124:2 | לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה שֶׁהָ֣יָה לָ֑נוּ בְּק֖וּם עָלֵ֣ינוּ אָדָֽם׃ |
If the Lord were not for us When man rose up against us, |
man ← Adam. |
| Ps 124:3 | אֲ֭זַי חַיִּ֣ים בְּלָע֑וּנוּ בַּחֲר֖וֹת אַפָּ֣ם בָּֽנוּ׃ |
Then they would have swallowed us alive When their anger was kindled against us. |
|
| Ps 124:4 | אֲ֭זַי הַמַּ֣יִם שְׁטָפ֑וּנוּ נַ֗֜חְלָה עָבַ֥ר עַל־נַפְשֵֽׁנוּ׃ |
Then, water would have overwhelmed us; A torrent would have overrun our corporate existence |
corporate existence ← soul. |
| Ps 124:5 | אֲ֭זַי עָבַ֣ר עַל־נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ הַ֝מַּ֗יִם הַזֵּֽידוֹנִֽים׃ |
– Then impudent water would have overrun our corporate existence. |
impudent: or overwhelming, but the root meanings are boiling and acting insolently.
corporate existence ← soul. |
| Ps 124:6 | בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֑ה שֶׁלֹּ֥א נְתָנָ֥נוּ טֶ֝֗רֶף לְשִׁנֵּיהֶֽם׃ |
Blessed is the Lord, Who did not give us up As a prey to their teeth. |
|
| Ps 124:7 | נַפְשֵׁ֗נוּ כְּצִפּ֥וֹר נִמְלְטָה֮ מִפַּ֪ח י֫וֹקְשִׁ֥ים הַפַּ֥ח נִשְׁבָּ֗ר וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ נִמְלָֽטְנוּ׃ |
Our sensation is like that of a bird that has escaped from the fowlers' snare; The snare has been broken, And we have escaped. |
sensation ← soul. |
| Ps 124:8 | עֶ֭זְרֵנוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Our help is in the name of the Lord, The maker of heaven and earth. |
Rev 14:7. |
| Ps 125:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת הַבֹּטְחִ֥ים בַּיהוָ֑ה כְּֽהַר־צִיּ֥וֹן לֹא־יִ֝מּ֗וֹט לְעוֹלָ֥ם יֵשֵֽׁב׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
Those who trust in the Lord Are like Mount Zion, Which will not totter, But which remains age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 125:2 | יְֽרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הָרִים֮ סָבִ֪יב לָ֥הּ וַ֭יהוָה סָבִ֣יב לְעַמּ֑וֹ מֵ֝עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Jerusalem has mountains round about it, And the Lord is round about his people, From now on and age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 125:3 | כִּ֤י לֹ֪א יָנ֡וּחַ שֵׁ֤בֶט הָרֶ֗שַׁע עַל֮ גּוֹרַ֪ל הַֽצַּדִּ֫יקִ֥ים לְמַ֡עַן לֹא־יִשְׁלְח֖וּ הַצַּדִּיקִ֨ים בְּעַוְלָ֬תָה יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ |
For the sceptre of wickedness will not rest on the lot of the righteous, In order that the righteous should not stretch out their hands to iniquity. |
|
| Ps 125:4 | הֵיטִ֣יבָה יְ֭הוָה לַטּוֹבִ֑ים וְ֝לִֽישָׁרִ֗ים בְּלִבּוֹתָֽם׃ |
Do good, O Lord, to the good And to the upright in their hearts. |
|
| Ps 125:5 | וְהַמַּטִּ֤ים עַֽקַלְקַלּוֹתָ֗ם יוֹלִיכֵ֣ם יְ֭הוָה אֶת־פֹּעֲלֵ֣י הָאָ֑וֶן שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
But as for those who turn aside to perversity, The Lord will lead them away With those who commit iniquity. Peace be on Israel. |
to perversity ← to their perversity. |
| Ps 126:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הוָה אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הָ֝יִ֗ינוּ כְּחֹלְמִֽים׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
When the Lord reversed the captivity of Zion, We were like those who dream. |
|
| Ps 126:2 | אָ֤ז יִמָּלֵ֪א שְׂח֡וֹק פִּינוּ֮ וּלְשׁוֹנֵ֪נוּ רִ֫נָּ֥ה אָ֭ז יֹאמְר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם הִגְדִּ֥יל יְ֝הוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עִם־אֵֽלֶּה׃ |
Then our mouth was filled with laughter, And our tongue with shouting for joy. Then they said among the Gentiles, “The Lord has done a great thing with these people.” |
|
| Ps 126:3 | הִגְדִּ֣יל יְ֭הוָה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עִמָּ֗נוּ הָיִ֥ינוּ שְׂמֵחִֽים׃ |
The Lord acted in a great way with us, And we became joyful. |
|
| Ps 126:4 | שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־*שבותנו **שְׁבִיתֵ֑נוּ כַּאֲפִיקִ֥ים בַּנֶּֽגֶב׃ |
O Lord, reverse our captivity, As torrents are restored in the south. |
captivity: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A vav / yod issue. |
| Ps 126:5 | הַזֹּרְעִ֥ים בְּדִמְעָ֗ה בְּרִנָּ֥ה יִקְצֹֽרוּ׃ |
Those who sow in tears Will reap in joyful shouting. |
tears ← a tear. |
| Ps 126:6 | הָ֘ל֤וֹךְ יֵלֵ֨ךְ ׀ וּבָכֹה֮ נֹשֵׂ֪א מֶֽשֶׁךְ־הַ֫זָּ֥רַע בֹּֽ֬א־יָב֥וֹא בְרִנָּ֑ה נֹ֝שֵׂ֗א אֲלֻמֹּתָֽיו׃ |
Just as he will go out weeping, Carrying the seed to be scattered, So he will certainly come back in joyful shouting, Carrying his sheaves. |
he will go ... he will certainly come: both with an infinitive absolute.
weeping: infinitive absolute in the role of a participle. |
| Ps 127:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לִשְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה אִם־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֹא־יִבְנֶ֬ה בַ֗יִת שָׁ֤וְא ׀ עָמְל֣וּ בוֹנָ֣יו בּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהוָ֥ה לֹֽא־יִשְׁמָר־עִ֝֗יר שָׁ֤וְא ׀ שָׁקַ֬ד שׁוֹמֵֽר׃ |
A song of Solomon of the sundial degree markings.
If the Lord does not build the house, Those building it toil in vain. If the Lord does not guard a city, The guard stands in watch in vain. |
|
| Ps 127:2 | שָׁ֤וְא לָכֶ֨ם ׀ מַשְׁכִּ֪ימֵי ק֡וּם מְאַֽחֲרֵי־שֶׁ֗בֶת אֹ֭כְלֵי לֶ֣חֶם הָעֲצָבִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן יִתֵּ֖ן לִֽידִיד֣וֹ שֵׁנָֽא׃ |
It is in vain that you rise early And stay up late, Eating bread of sorrows. That is why he gives his beloved one sleep. |
stay up late ← delaying to sit. |
| Ps 127:3 | הִנֵּ֤ה נַחֲלַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה בָּנִ֑ים שָׂ֝כָ֗ר פְּרִ֣י הַבָּֽטֶן׃ |
Behold, the inheritance of the Lord is sons; The recompense is the fruit of the womb. |
|
| Ps 127:4 | כְּחִצִּ֥ים בְּיַד־גִּבּ֑וֹר כֵּ֝֗ן בְּנֵ֣י הַנְּעוּרִֽים׃ |
As arrows in the hand of a warrior, So are the sons of one's youth. |
|
| Ps 127:5 | אַשְׁרֵ֤י הַגֶּ֗בֶר אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִלֵּ֥א אֶת־אַשְׁפָּת֗וֹ מֵ֫הֶ֥ם לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֑שׁוּ כִּֽי־יְדַבְּר֖וּ אֶת־אוֹיְבִ֣ים בַּשָּֽׁעַר׃ |
Happy is the man Who fills his quiver with them. They will not be ashamed, For they will speak with the enemies at the gate. |
speak: used generally of speaking, but perhaps here engaging whether in negotiation or fighting. The context of gate suggests contending in law. |
| Ps 128:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אַ֭שְׁרֵי כָּל־יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה הַ֝הֹלֵ֗ךְ בִּדְרָכָֽיו׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
Happy is everyone who fears the Lord, Who walks in his ways, |
|
| Ps 128:2 | יְגִ֣יעַ כַּ֭פֶּיךָ כִּ֣י תֹאכֵ֑ל אַ֝שְׁרֶ֗יךָ וְט֣וֹב לָֽךְ׃ |
For you will eat from the toil of your hands. Happy are you, And may goodness be yours. |
|
| Ps 128:3 | אֶשְׁתְּךָ֤ ׀ כְּגֶ֥פֶן פֹּרִיָּה֮ בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֪י בֵ֫יתֶ֥ךָ בָּ֭נֶיךָ כִּשְׁתִלֵ֣י זֵיתִ֑ים סָ֝בִ֗יב לְשֻׁלְחָנֶֽךָ׃ |
Your wife will be like a fruitful vine At the sides of your house. Your sons will be like shoots of olive trees Round about your table. |
|
| Ps 128:4 | הִנֵּ֣ה כִי־כֵ֭ן יְבֹ֥רַךְ גָּ֗בֶר יְרֵ֣א יְהוָֽה׃ |
Behold, for so is the man blessed Who fears the Lord. |
|
| Ps 128:5 | יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָ֗ה מִצִּ֫יּ֥וֹן וּ֭רְאֵה בְּט֣וּב יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כֹּ֝֗ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ |
May the Lord bless you from Zion, So that you see the goodness to Jerusalem All the days of your life. |
so that you see: an imperative expressing a consequence expected with certainty, or an intention, [Ges-HG] §110i.
goodness to ← goodness of. Wider use of the construct state. We ↴ |
| Ps 128:6 | וּרְאֵֽה־בָנִ֥ים לְבָנֶ֑יךָ שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
And you will see your grandsons too. Peace be on Israel. |
↳ take the sense as goodness done to Jerusalem.
and you will see: an imperative, as in Ps 128:5. |
| Ps 129:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת רַ֭בַּת צְרָר֣וּנִי מִנְּעוּרַ֑י יֹֽאמַר־נָ֝א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
Many a time they have distressed me Since my youth. Do let Israel say, |
|
| Ps 129:2 | רַ֭בַּת צְרָר֣וּנִי מִנְּעוּרָ֑י גַּ֝ם לֹא־יָ֥כְלוּ לִֽי׃ |
“Many a time they have distressed me Since my youth. Nevertheless, they have not prevailed over me.” |
|
| Ps 129:3 | עַל־גַּ֭בִּי חָרְשׁ֣וּ חֹרְשִׁ֑ים הֶ֝אֱרִ֗יכוּ *למענותם **לְמַעֲנִיתָֽם׃ |
The ploughmen have ploughed on my back; They have made their {K: furrows} [Q: furrow] long. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. The ketiv could be taken as furrow. |
| Ps 129:4 | יְהוָ֥ה צַדִּ֑יק קִ֝צֵּ֗ץ עֲב֣וֹת רְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
The Lord is righteous; He has cut the cord of the wicked in pieces. |
|
| Ps 129:5 | יֵ֭בֹשׁוּ וְיִסֹּ֣גוּ אָח֑וֹר כֹּ֝֗ל שֹׂנְאֵ֥י צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
They will be ashamed, And they will be driven back – All those who hate Zion. |
|
| Ps 129:6 | יִ֭הְיוּ כַּחֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֑וֹת שֶׁקַּדְמַ֖ת שָׁלַ֣ף יָבֵֽשׁ׃ |
They will be like vegetation on roofs, Which becomes dry before it is plucked up, |
it is plucked up: AV differs somewhat, groweth up. |
| Ps 129:7 | שֶׁלֹּ֤א מִלֵּ֖א כַפּ֥וֹ קוֹצֵ֗ר וְחִצְנ֥וֹ מְעַמֵּֽר׃ |
Which does not fill the hand of the reaper Or the bosom of the sheaf binder. |
|
| Ps 129:8 | וְלֹ֤א אָֽמְר֨וּ ׀ הָעֹבְרִ֗ים בִּרְכַּֽת־יְהוָ֥ה אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם בֵּרַ֥כְנוּ אֶ֝תְכֶ֗ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
For those passing through do not say, “The blessing of the Lord to you; We bless you in the name of the Lord.” |
|
| Ps 130:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹת מִמַּעֲמַקִּ֖ים קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
I have called on you, O Lord, From the depths. |
|
| Ps 130:2 | אֲדֹנָי֮ שִׁמְעָ֪ה בְק֫וֹלִ֥י תִּהְיֶ֣ינָה אָ֭זְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לְ֝ק֗וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ |
O Lord*, hear my voice. May your ears be attentive To the sound of my supplications. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 130:3 | אִם־עֲוֺנ֥וֹת תִּשְׁמָר־יָ֑הּ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י מִ֣י יַעֲמֹֽד׃ |
If the Lord were to keep a record of iniquities, O Lord*, who could stand? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Ps 130:4 | כִּֽי־עִמְּךָ֥ הַסְּלִיחָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן תִּוָּרֵֽא׃ |
For forgiveness is with you In order that you should be feared. |
|
| Ps 130:5 | קִוִּ֣יתִי יְ֭הוָה קִוְּתָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י וְֽלִדְבָר֥וֹ הוֹחָֽלְתִּי׃ |
I have put hope in the Lord; My being has hope, And I await his word. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 130:6 | נַפְשִׁ֥י לַֽאדֹנָ֑י מִשֹּׁמְרִ֥ים לַ֝בֹּ֗קֶר שֹׁמְרִ֥ים לַבֹּֽקֶר׃ |
My being awaits the Lord* More keenly than men on watch for the morning – Watchmen waiting for the morning. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 130:7 | יַחֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־יְה֫וָה כִּֽי־עִם־יְהוָ֥ה הַחֶ֑סֶד וְהַרְבֵּ֖ה עִמּ֣וֹ פְדֽוּת׃ |
O Israel, await the Lord, For with the Lord there is kindness, And with him there is much redemption. |
|
| Ps 130:8 | וְ֭הוּא יִפְדֶּ֣ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִ֝כֹּ֗ל עֲוֺנֹתָֽיו׃ |
And he will redeem Israel From all its iniquities. |
its ← his, but standing for the nation. |
| Ps 131:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֹא־גָבַ֣הּ לִ֭בִּי וְלֹא־רָמ֣וּ עֵינַ֑י וְלֹֽא־הִלַּ֓כְתִּי ׀ בִּגְדֹל֖וֹת וּבְנִפְלָא֣וֹת מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
A song of David of the sundial degree markings.
O Lord, my heart is not arrogant, And my eyes are not haughty, And I have not walked ostentatiously Or in ways too grandiose for me. |
arrogant ← high.
haughty ← high. lofty. ostentatiously ← great (things). grandiose ← wondrous. |
| Ps 131:2 | אִם־לֹ֤א שִׁוִּ֨יתִי ׀ וְדוֹמַ֗מְתִּי נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י כְּ֭גָמֻל עֲלֵ֣י אִמּ֑וֹ כַּגָּמֻ֖ל עָלַ֣י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
I have certainly been even-handed, And I have been quiet inwardly. Like a child weaned off his mother, My very being is as if it has been weaned off me. |
I have certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
inwardly ← (in respect of) my soul. very being ← soul. |
| Ps 131:3 | יַחֵ֣ל יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה מֵֽ֝עַתָּ֗ה וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
O Israel, await the Lord, From now on and age-abidingly. |
|
| Ps 132:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת זְכוֹר־יְהוָ֥ה לְדָוִ֑ד אֵ֝ת כָּל־עֻנּוֹתֽוֹ׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
Remember, O Lord, David – All his affliction suffered. |
his affliction suffered ← his being afflicted, a rare pual infinitive. |
| Ps 132:2 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֭שְׁבַּע לַיהוָ֑ה נָ֝דַ֗ר לַאֲבִ֥יר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
It is he who swore to the Lord, Who vowed to the mighty one of Jacob, |
|
| Ps 132:3 | אִם־אָ֭בֹא בְּאֹ֣הֶל בֵּיתִ֑י אִם־אֶ֝עֱלֶ֗ה עַל־עֶ֥רֶשׂ יְצוּעָֽי׃ |
“I most certainly will not go to the tent Which is my house, I most certainly will not go up to the couch Which is my bed; |
I most certainly will not go ... I most certainly will not go up: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ps 132:4 | אִם־אֶתֵּ֣ן שְׁנַ֣ת לְעֵינָ֑י לְֽעַפְעַפַּ֥י תְּנוּמָֽה׃ |
I most certainly will not give my eyes sleep Or my eyelids slumber |
I most certainly will not give: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Ps 132:5 | עַד־אֶמְצָ֣א מָ֭קוֹם לַיהוָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁכָּנ֗וֹת לַאֲבִ֥יר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ |
Until I find a place for the Lord – A site for the mighty one of Jacob.” |
site ← tabernacles. |
| Ps 132:6 | הִנֵּֽה־שְׁמַֽעֲנ֥וּהָ בְאֶפְרָ֑תָה מְ֝צָאנ֗וּהָ בִּשְׂדֵי־יָֽעַר׃ |
Behold, we heard it in Ephrathah; We found it in the woodland countryside. |
Ephrathah: see Ruth 4:11. |
| Ps 132:7 | נָב֥וֹאָה לְמִשְׁכְּנוֹתָ֑יו נִ֝שְׁתַּחֲוֶ֗ה לַהֲדֹ֥ם רַגְלָֽיו׃ |
Let us go to his temple site; Let us worship at his footstool. |
site ← tabernacles. |
| Ps 132:8 | קוּמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה לִמְנוּחָתֶ֑ךָ אַ֝תָּ֗ה וַאֲר֥וֹן עֻזֶּֽךָ׃ |
Arise, O Lord, to your resting place, You and your strong ark. |
your strong ark ← the ark of your strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 132:9 | כֹּהֲנֶ֥יךָ יִלְבְּשׁוּ־צֶ֑דֶק וַחֲסִידֶ֥יךָ יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
Your priests will be clothed in righteousness, And those under your grace will shout for joy. |
|
| Ps 132:10 | בַּ֭עֲבוּר דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תָּ֝שֵׁ֗ב פְּנֵ֣י מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ |
For the sake of David your servant, Do not turn the face of your anointed away. |
anointed: see Ps 84:10 (Ps 84:9AV). |
| Ps 132:11 | נִשְׁבַּֽע־יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לְדָוִ֡ד אֱמֶת֮ לֹֽא־יָשׁ֪וּב מִ֫מֶּ֥נָּה מִפְּרִ֥י בִטְנְךָ֑ אָ֝שִׁ֗ית לְכִסֵּא־לָֽךְ׃ |
The Lord has sworn to David in truth; He will not go back on it, “From the fruit of your loins I will appoint your throne. |
This verse is alluded to in John 7:42. |
| Ps 132:12 | אִֽם־יִשְׁמְר֬וּ בָנֶ֨יךָ ׀ בְּרִיתִי֮ וְעֵדֹתִ֥י ז֗וֹ אֲלַ֫מְּדֵ֥ם גַּם־בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד יֵ֝שְׁב֗וּ לְכִסֵּא־לָֽךְ׃ |
If your sons keep my covenant And this testimony of mine which I am teaching them, Then their sons will also sit on your throne In all perpetuity.” |
in all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity. |
| Ps 132:13 | כִּֽי־בָחַ֣ר יְהוָ֣ה בְּצִיּ֑וֹן אִ֝וָּ֗הּ לְמוֹשָׁ֥ב לֽוֹ׃ |
For the Lord has chosen Zion; He has longed for it as a dwelling place for himself. |
|
| Ps 132:14 | זֹאת־מְנוּחָתִ֥י עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד פֹּֽה־אֵ֝שֵׁ֗ב כִּ֣י אִוִּתִֽיהָ׃ |
This is my resting place in all perpetuity; I will dwell here, For I have longed for it. |
in all perpetuity ← perpetuities of perpetuity. |
| Ps 132:15 | צֵ֭ידָהּ בָּרֵ֣ךְ אֲבָרֵ֑ךְ אֶ֝בְיוֹנֶ֗יהָ אַשְׂבִּ֥יעַֽ לָֽחֶם׃ |
I will certainly bless its food supply; I will satiate its poor with bread. |
I will certainly bless: infinitive absolute.
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ps 132:16 | וְֽ֭כֹהֲנֶיהָ אַלְבִּ֣ישׁ יֶ֑שַׁע וַ֝חֲסִידֶ֗יהָ רַנֵּ֥ן יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
And I will clothe its priests in salvation, And those in it under grace will certainly shout for joy. |
those in it ← those of it.
will certainly shout for joy: infinitive absolute. |
| Ps 132:17 | שָׁ֤ם אַצְמִ֣יחַ קֶ֣רֶן לְדָוִ֑ד עָרַ֥כְתִּי נֵ֝֗ר לִמְשִׁיחִֽי׃ |
I will make the horn of David spring up there; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. |
|
| Ps 132:18 | א֭וֹיְבָיו אַלְבִּ֣ישׁ בֹּ֑שֶׁת וְ֝עָלָ֗יו יָצִ֥יץ נִזְרֽוֹ׃ |
I will clothe his enemies in shame, But on him a diadem will glitter. |
|
| Ps 133:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד הִנֵּ֣ה מַה־טּ֭וֹב וּמַה־נָּעִ֑ים שֶׁ֖בֶת אַחִ֣ים גַּם־יָֽחַד׃ |
A song of David of the sundial degree markings.
See how good and how pleasant it is For brothers to dwell quite together. |
quite ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Ps 133:2 | כַּשֶּׁ֤מֶן הַטּ֨וֹב ׀ עַל־הָרֹ֗אשׁ יֹרֵ֗ד עַֽל־הַזָּקָ֥ן זְקַֽן־אַהֲרֹ֑ן שֶׁ֝יֹּרֵ֗ד עַל־פִּ֥י מִדּוֹתָֽיו׃ |
It is like good oil on the head When it runs down onto the beard, As with Aaron's beard And when it ran down onto the opening of his robes. |
|
| Ps 133:3 | כְּטַל־חֶרְמ֗וֹן שֶׁיֹּרֵד֮ עַל־הַרְרֵ֪י צִ֫יּ֥וֹן כִּ֤י שָׁ֨ם ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־הַבְּרָכָ֑ה חַ֝יִּ֗ים עַד־הָעוֹלָֽם׃ |
It is like the dew of Hermon, Which comes down onto the mountains of Zion, For that is where the Lord commanded the blessing – Age-abiding life. |
|
| Ps 134:1 | שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת הִנֵּ֤ה ׀ בָּרֲכ֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הָעֹמְדִ֥ים בְּבֵית־יְ֝הוָ֗ה בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ |
A song of the sundial degree markings.
Behold, bless the Lord, All you servants of the Lord Who stand at the house of the Lord by night. |
|
| Ps 134:2 | שְׂאֽוּ־יְדֵכֶ֥ם קֹ֑דֶשׁ וּ֝בָרֲכוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Lift up your hands in holiness, And bless the Lord. |
in holiness: or (at) the sanctuary. |
| Ps 134:3 | יְבָרֶכְךָ֣ יְ֭הוָה מִצִּיּ֑וֹן עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
May the Lord, The maker of heaven and earth, Bless you from Zion. |
|
| Ps 135:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ הַֽ֭לְלוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה הַֽ֝לְלוּ עַבְדֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Praise the Lord, Praise the name of the Lord; Give praise, you servants of the Lord |
|
| Ps 135:2 | שֶׁ֣֭עֹֽמְדִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּ֝חַצְר֗וֹת בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ |
Who stand at the house of the Lord, At the courtyards of the house of our God. |
|
| Ps 135:3 | הַֽ֭לְלוּ־יָהּ כִּי־ט֣וֹב יְהוָ֑ה זַמְּר֥וּ לִ֝שְׁמ֗וֹ כִּ֣י נָעִֽים׃ |
Praise the Lord, For the Lord is good. Make psalm melody to his name, For it is pleasant. |
|
| Ps 135:4 | כִּֽי־יַעֲקֹ֗ב בָּחַ֣ר ל֣וֹ יָ֑הּ יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִסְגֻלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
For it is Jacob Whom the Lord chose for himself – Israel, to be his special acquisition. |
|
| Ps 135:5 | כִּ֤י אֲנִ֣י יָ֭דַעְתִּי כִּי־גָד֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וַ֝אֲדֹנֵ֗ינוּ מִכָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For I know that the Lord is great, And our Lord is greater than all gods. |
gods: see Ps 95:3. |
| Ps 135:6 | כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־חָפֵ֥ץ יְהוָ֗ה עָ֫שָׂ֥ה בַּשָּׁמַ֥יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ בַּ֝יַּמִּ֗ים וְכָל־תְּהוֹמֽוֹת׃ |
Everything that the Lord was pleased to do, He did in heaven and on earth, In the seas and in all the oceans. |
|
| Ps 135:7 | מַֽעֲלֶ֣ה נְשִׂאִים֮ מִקְצֵ֪ה הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ בְּרָקִ֣ים לַמָּטָ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה מֽוֹצֵא־ר֝וּחַ מֵאֽוֹצְרוֹתָֽיו׃ |
He makes vapours rise from the end of the earth, He produces lightning with the rain; He brings wind out of his storehouses. |
|| Jer 10:13, Jer 51:16. |
| Ps 135:8 | שֶֽׁ֭הִכָּה בְּכוֹרֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם מֵ֝אָדָ֗ם עַד־בְּהֵמָֽה׃ |
It is he who struck down the firstborn of Egypt – Of both man and beast. |
both man and beast: see Gen 6:7, 1 Sam 15:3. |
| Ps 135:9 | שָׁלַ֤ח ׀ אֹת֣וֹת וּ֭מֹפְתִים בְּתוֹכֵ֣כִי מִצְרָ֑יִם בְּ֝פַרְעֹ֗ה וּבְכָל־עֲבָדָֽיו׃ |
He sent signs and miracles, Into your midst, O Egypt, To Pharaoh and to all his servants. |
your midst: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 135:10 | שֶֽׁ֭הִכָּה גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝הָרַ֗ג מְלָכִ֥ים עֲצוּמִֽים׃ |
It is he who struck down great nations And killed powerful kings: |
|
| Ps 135:11 | לְסִיח֤וֹן ׀ מֶ֤לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֗י וּ֭לְעוֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן וּ֝לְכֹ֗ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ |
Sihon king of the Amorites And Og king of Bashan And all the kingdoms of Canaan. |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ps 135:12 | וְנָתַ֣ן אַרְצָ֣ם נַחֲלָ֑ה נַ֝חֲלָ֗ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עַמּֽוֹ׃ |
And he gave their land as an inheritance – An inheritance to Israel his people. |
|
| Ps 135:13 | יְ֭הוָה שִׁמְךָ֣ לְעוֹלָ֑ם יְ֝הוָ֗ה זִכְרְךָ֥ לְדֹר־וָדֹֽר׃ |
O Lord, your name is age-abiding, O Lord, remembrance of you is from generation to generation. |
from generation to generation ← for generation and generation. |
| Ps 135:14 | כִּֽי־יָדִ֣ין יְהוָ֣ה עַמּ֑וֹ וְעַל־עֲ֝בָדָ֗יו יִתְנֶחָֽם׃ |
For the Lord will judge his people, And he will have compassion on his servants. |
Compare this verse with Deut 32:36. |
| Ps 135:15 | עֲצַבֵּ֣י הַ֭גּוֹיִם כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃ |
The idols of the Gentiles are of silver and gold; They are the works of the hands of man. |
Rev 9:20.
|| Ps 115:4. man ← Adam. |
| Ps 135:16 | פֶּֽה־לָ֭הֶם וְלֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ עֵינַ֥יִם לָ֝הֶ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֽוּ׃ |
They have a mouth, But they cannot speak; They have eyes, But they cannot see. |
Rev 9:20.
|| Ps 115:5. |
| Ps 135:17 | אָזְנַ֣יִם לָ֭הֶם וְלֹ֣א יַאֲזִ֑ינוּ אַ֝֗ף אֵין־יֶשׁ־ר֥וּחַ בְּפִיהֶֽם׃ |
They have ears, But they cannot listen; Moreover, there isn't any breath in their mouth. |
|| Ps 115:6. |
| Ps 135:18 | כְּ֭מוֹהֶם יִהְי֣וּ עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֭ל אֲשֶׁר־בֹּטֵ֣חַ בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Those who make them Will become like them, As will everyone who trusts in them. |
|| Ps 115:8. |
| Ps 135:19 | בֵּ֣ית יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל בָּרֲכ֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה בֵּ֥ית אַ֝הֲרֹ֗ן בָּרֲכ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
O house of Israel, bless the Lord, O house of Aaron, bless the Lord, |
|| Ps 115:9, Ps 115:10. |
| Ps 135:20 | בֵּ֣ית הַ֭לֵּוִי בָּרֲכ֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה יִֽרְאֵ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה בָּרֲכ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
O house of Levi, bless the Lord; You who fear the Lord, Bless the Lord. |
|| Ps 115:11. |
| Ps 135:21 | בָּ֘ר֤וּךְ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ מִצִּיּ֗וֹן שֹׁ֘כֵ֤ן יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Blessed be the Lord from Zion – He who dwells in Jerusalem. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 136:1 | הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 136:2 | ה֭וֹדוּ לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the God of gods, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
gods: see Ps 95:3. |
| Ps 136:3 | ה֭וֹדוּ לַאֲדֹנֵ֣י הָאֲדֹנִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord of lords, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:4 | לְעֹ֘שֵׂ֤ה נִפְלָא֣וֹת גְּדֹל֣וֹת לְבַדּ֑וֹ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who alone performed great wonders, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:5 | לְעֹשֵׂ֣ה הַ֭שָּׁמַיִם בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who is maker of heaven with competence, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:6 | לְרֹקַ֣ע הָ֭אָרֶץ עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who stretched out the earth over the waters, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:7 | לְ֭עֹשֵׂה אוֹרִ֣ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who made great lights, For his kindness is age-abiding |
|
| Ps 136:8 | אֶת־הַ֭שֶּׁמֶשׁ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת בַּיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
– The sun as ruler in the daytime, For his kindness is age-abiding |
|
| Ps 136:9 | אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֣חַ וְ֭כוֹכָבִים לְמֶמְשְׁל֣וֹת בַּלָּ֑יְלָה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
– The moon and stars as rulers by night, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:10 | לְמַכֵּ֣ה מִ֭צְרַיִם בִּבְכוֹרֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who struck Egypt in their firstborn, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:11 | וַיּוֹצֵ֣א יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל מִתּוֹכָ֑ם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
When he brought Israel out of their midst, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:12 | בְּיָ֣ד חֲ֭זָקָה וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֑ה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
With a strong hand and an outstretched arm, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:13 | לְגֹזֵ֣ר יַם־ס֭וּף לִגְזָרִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who divided the Red Sea into two parts, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. |
| Ps 136:14 | וְהֶעֱבִ֣יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל בְּתוֹכ֑וֹ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
When he brought Israel across through the middle of it, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:15 | וְנִ֘עֵ֤ר פַּרְעֹ֣ה וְחֵיל֣וֹ בְיַם־ס֑וּף כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
When he shook off Pharaoh and his forces in the Red Sea, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:16 | לְמוֹלִ֣יךְ עַ֭מּוֹ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who led his people in the desert, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:17 | לְ֭מַכֵּה מְלָכִ֣ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
To him who struck down great kings, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:18 | וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג מְלָכִ֣ים אַדִּירִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
When he killed mighty kings, For his kindness is age-abiding |
|
| Ps 136:19 | לְ֭סִיחוֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֑י כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
– Sihon king of the Amorites, For his kindness is age-abiding |
Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ps 136:20 | וּ֭לְעוֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
– And Og king of Bashan, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:21 | וְנָתַ֣ן אַרְצָ֣ם לְנַחֲלָ֑ה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
When he gave their land as an inheritance, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:22 | נַ֭חֲלָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עַבְדּ֑וֹ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
As an inheritance to Israel his servant, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:23 | שֶׁ֭בְּשִׁפְלֵנוּ זָ֣כַר לָ֑נוּ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
In that he remembered us in our low condition, For his kindness is age-abiding, |
|
| Ps 136:24 | וַיִּפְרְקֵ֥נוּ מִצָּרֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
And tore us away from our adversaries, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 136:25 | נֹתֵ֣ן לֶ֭חֶם לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
He gives bread to all flesh, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Ps 136:26 | ה֭וֹדוּ לְאֵ֣ל הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Oh give thanks to the God of the heavens, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|
| Ps 137:1 | עַ֥ל נַהֲר֨וֹת ׀ בָּבֶ֗ל שָׁ֣ם יָ֭שַׁבְנוּ גַּם־בָּכִ֑ינוּ בְּ֝זָכְרֵ֗נוּ אֶת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
At the rivers of Babylon, There we sat, And we wept too, When we remembered Zion. |
|
| Ps 137:2 | עַֽל־עֲרָבִ֥ים בְּתוֹכָ֑הּ תָּ֝לִ֗ינוּ כִּנֹּרוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
On the willows in its midst, We hung our harps. |
|
| Ps 137:3 | כִּ֤י שָׁ֨ם שְֽׁאֵל֪וּנוּ שׁוֹבֵ֡ינוּ דִּבְרֵי־שִׁ֭יר וְתוֹלָלֵ֣ינוּ שִׂמְחָ֑ה שִׁ֥ירוּ לָ֝֗נוּ מִשִּׁ֥יר צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
For there our captors asked us for the words of a song, And those who had brought us to lamentation Asked us for rejoicing and said, “Sing to us Verses from a song of Zion.” |
|
| Ps 137:4 | אֵ֗יךְ נָשִׁ֥יר אֶת־שִׁיר־יְהוָ֑ה עַ֝֗ל אַדְמַ֥ת נֵכָֽר׃ |
How can we sing the Lord's song On foreign soil? |
foreign soil ← soil of foreignness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 137:5 | אִֽם־אֶשְׁכָּחֵ֥ךְ יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח יְמִינִֽי׃ |
If I forget you, O Jerusalem, May my right hand forget me. |
|
| Ps 137:6 | תִּדְבַּ֥ק־לְשׁוֹנִ֨י ׀ לְחִכִּי֮ אִם־לֹ֪א אֶ֫זְכְּרֵ֥כִי אִם־לֹ֣א אַ֭עֲלֶה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֑ם עַ֝֗ל רֹ֣אשׁ שִׂמְחָתִֽי׃ |
May my tongue cleave to my palate If I do not remember you – If I do not exalt Jerusalem At the foremost of my joy. |
remember you: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ps 137:7 | זְכֹ֤ר יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לִבְנֵ֬י אֱד֗וֹם אֵת֮ י֤וֹם יְֽרוּשָׁ֫לִָ֥ם הָ֭אֹ֣מְרִים עָ֤רוּ ׀ עָ֑רוּ עַ֝֗ד הַיְס֥וֹד בָּֽהּ׃ |
Remember, O Lord, the sons of Edom, On the day of Jerusalem – Those who said, “Strip it, Strip it to its foundation.” |
|
| Ps 137:8 | בַּת־בָּבֶ֗ל הַשְּׁד֫וּדָ֥ה אַשְׁרֵ֥י שֶׁיְשַׁלֶּם־לָ֑ךְ אֶת־גְּ֝מוּלֵ֗ךְ שֶׁגָּמַ֥לְתְּ לָֽנוּ׃ |
“O daughter of Babylon, Which will be destroyed, Blessed is he who will requite you, With retribution on you For what you did to us. |
This verse and the next are the “song” sung to the captors.
did ← retributed. |
| Ps 137:9 | אַשְׁרֵ֤י ׀ שֶׁיֹּאחֵ֓ז וְנִפֵּ֬ץ אֶֽת־עֹ֝לָלַ֗יִךְ אֶל־הַסָּֽלַע׃ |
Happy is he who seizes and dashes your children Against the rock.” |
|
| Ps 138:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ אוֹדְךָ֥ בְכָל־לִבִּ֑י נֶ֖גֶד אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲזַמְּרֶֽךָּ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
I will give you thanks with all my heart; I will make psalm melody to you in the presence of God. |
God: the usual meaning; or, as AV, gods, i.e. idolatrous gods; perhaps judges. So AV differs. Compare Ex 22:9 (Ex 22:10AV), Ps 82:1, Ps 82:6. We do not see it as a difficulty that David should ↴ |
| Ps 138:2 | אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֨ה אֶל־הֵיכַ֪ל קָדְשְׁךָ֡ וְא֘וֹדֶ֤ה אֶת־שְׁמֶ֗ךָ עַל־חַסְדְּךָ֥ וְעַל־אֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־הִגְדַּ֥לְתָּ עַל־כָּל־שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ אִמְרָתֶֽךָ׃ |
I will worship in your holy temple, And I will give thanks to your name, For your kindness and for your truth, For you have made your saying great For the sake of nothing but your name. |
↳ address God in the presence of God, given the tendency of Hebrew to change grammatical person; see Lev 1:3, Num 15:9, Ruth 4:4, Song 1:2, Isa 33:1 etc.
nothing but ← all. Compare Ps 39:6 (Ps 39:5AV). |
| Ps 138:3 | בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָֽאתִי וַֽתַּעֲנֵ֑נִי תַּרְהִבֵ֖נִי בְנַפְשִׁ֣י עֹֽז׃ |
I called by day, And you answered me; You emboldened me with strength in my mind. |
mind ← soul. |
| Ps 138:4 | יוֹד֣וּךָ יְ֭הוָה כָּל־מַלְכֵי־אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ אִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
Let all the kings of the earth give thanks to you, O Lord, When they hear the sayings you pronounce. |
you pronounce ← of your mouth. |
| Ps 138:5 | וְ֭יָשִׁירוּ בְּדַרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֥י גָ֝ד֗וֹל כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָֽה׃ |
And let them sing of the ways of the Lord, For great is the glory of the Lord. |
|
| Ps 138:6 | כִּי־רָ֣ם יְ֭הוָה וְשָׁפָ֣ל יִרְאֶ֑ה וְ֝גָבֹ֗הַּ מִמֶּרְחָ֥ק יְיֵדָֽע׃ |
Although the Lord is high, He looks to the interests of the lowly, But he knows the haughty from a distance. |
|
| Ps 138:7 | אִם־אֵלֵ֤ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֥רֶב צָרָ֗ה תְּחַ֫יֵּ֥נִי עַ֤ל אַ֣ף אֹ֭יְבַי תִּשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֶ֑ךָ וְת֖וֹשִׁיעֵ֣נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
If I go into deep adversity, You will preserve me alive Against the anger of my enemies; You will stretch out your hand, And your right hand will save me. |
deep ← the midst of.
AV differs in word grouping. |
| Ps 138:8 | יְהוָה֮ יִגְמֹ֪ר בַּ֫עֲדִ֥י יְ֭הוָה חַסְדְּךָ֣ לְעוֹלָ֑ם מַעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אַל־תֶּֽרֶף׃ |
The Lord will conclude matters for me. O Lord, your kindness is age-abiding. Do not discontinue the works of your hands. |
|
| Ps 139:1 | לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ לְדָוִ֣ד מִזְמ֑וֹר יְהוָ֥ה חֲ֝קַרְתַּ֗נִי וַתֵּדָֽע׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. O Lord, you have searched me, And you know. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 139:2 | אַתָּ֣ה יָ֭דַעְתָּ שִׁבְתִּ֣י וְקוּמִ֑י בַּ֥נְתָּה לְ֝רֵעִ֗י מֵרָחֽוֹק׃ |
You know my sitting down And my rising up. You discern my mind from a distance. |
|
| Ps 139:3 | אָרְחִ֣י וְרִבְעִ֣י זֵרִ֑יתָ וְֽכָל־דְּרָכַ֥י הִסְכַּֽנְתָּה׃ |
You discern my travelling and my resting, And you are acquainted with all my ways. |
my travelling and my resting ← my way and my lying down. |
| Ps 139:4 | כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין מִ֭לָּה בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑י הֵ֥ן יְ֝הוָ֗ה יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ׃ |
For there is no word on my tongue But behold, O Lord, you know all of it. |
|
| Ps 139:5 | אָח֣וֹר וָקֶ֣דֶם צַרְתָּ֑נִי וַתָּ֖שֶׁת עָלַ֣י כַּפֶּֽכָה׃ |
You confine me behind and in front, And you put the palms of your hands on me. |
|
| Ps 139:6 | *פלאיה **פְּלִ֣יאָֽה דַ֣עַת מִמֶּ֑נִּי נִ֝שְׂגְּבָ֗ה לֹא־א֥וּכַֽל לָֽהּ׃ |
Such knowledge is too wondrous for me – It is elevated – I cannot master it. |
wondrous: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Ps 139:7 | אָ֭נָ֥ה אֵלֵ֣ךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ וְ֝אָ֗נָה מִפָּנֶ֥יךָ אֶבְרָֽח׃ |
Where can I go from your spirit, And where can I flee from your presence? |
|
| Ps 139:8 | אִם־אֶסַּ֣ק שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑תָּה וְאַצִּ֖יעָה שְּׁא֣וֹל הִנֶּֽךָּ׃ |
If I ascend to heaven, You are there; Or if I make my bed in the underworld, Behold, you are there. |
underworld: or grave. |
| Ps 139:9 | אֶשָּׂ֥א כַנְפֵי־שָׁ֑חַר אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗ה בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית יָֽם׃ |
Or if I take up the wings of dawn, To dwell at the extremity of the sea, |
|
| Ps 139:10 | גַּם־שָׁ֭ם יָדְךָ֣ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
There your hand leads me too, And your right hand takes hold of me. |
|
| Ps 139:11 | וָ֭אֹמַר אַךְ־חֹ֣שֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה א֣וֹר בַּעֲדֵֽנִי׃ |
And if I say, “Surely darkness will envelop me”, Yet even at night light will shine around me. |
|
| Ps 139:12 | גַּם־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ לֹֽא־יַחְשִׁ֪יךְ מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָ וְ֭לַיְלָה כַּיּ֣וֹם יָאִ֑יר כַּ֝חֲשֵׁיכָ֗ה כָּאוֹרָֽה׃ |
Even darkness cannot be too darkening for you, And night can shine like day. As is darkness, so is light. |
|
| Ps 139:13 | כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה קָנִ֣יתָ כִלְיֹתָ֑י תְּ֝סֻכֵּ֗נִי בְּבֶ֣טֶן אִמִּֽי׃ |
For you have taken possession of my kidneys; You wove me together in my mother's womb. |
Rev 2:23.
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. Compare Prov 23:16, Jer 11:20. |
| Ps 139:14 | אֽוֹדְךָ֗ עַ֤ל כִּ֥י נוֹרָא֗וֹת נִ֫פְלֵ֥יתִי נִפְלָאִ֥ים מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יֹדַ֥עַת מְאֹֽד׃ |
I will give you thanks Because I have been awesomely wonderfully made. Your works are wondrous, As my being is very much aware. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 139:15 | לֹא־נִכְחַ֥ד עָצְמִ֗י מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָּ אֲשֶׁר־עֻשֵּׂ֥יתִי בַסֵּ֑תֶר רֻ֝קַּ֗מְתִּי בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹת אָֽרֶץ׃ |
My frame is not hidden from you, Although I was made in secret – I was embroidered in the lowest parts of the earth. |
|
| Ps 139:16 | גָּלְמִ֤י ׀ רָ֘א֤וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְעַֽל־סִפְרְךָ֮ כֻּלָּ֪ם יִכָּ֫תֵ֥בוּ יָמִ֥ים יֻצָּ֑רוּ *ולא **וְל֖וֹ אֶחָ֣ד בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Your eyes have seen my embryo, And in your book all my days are written, Which were formed {K: When not one of them had yet come to pass} [Q: And one among them is his]. |
|
| Ps 139:17 | וְלִ֗י מַה־יָּקְר֣וּ רֵעֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑ל מֶ֥ה עָ֝צְמוּ רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ |
How precious your thoughts are to me, O God; How powerful are the things they head up! |
the things they head up ← their heads / their sums. |
| Ps 139:18 | אֶ֭סְפְּרֵם מֵח֣וֹל יִרְבּ֑וּן הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִי וְעוֹדִ֥י עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
If I were to count them, They would be more numerous than grains of sand. When I awake, I am still with you. |
|
| Ps 139:19 | אִם־תִּקְטֹ֖ל אֱל֥וֹהַּ ׀ רָשָׁ֑ע וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י דָ֝מִ֗ים ס֣וּרוּ מֶֽנִּי׃ |
Surely, O God, you will kill the wicked man, And say, “You men of blood, depart from me”, |
|
| Ps 139:20 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹ֭אמְרֻךָ לִמְזִמָּ֑ה נָשֻׂ֖א לַשָּׁ֣וְא עָרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Because they speak against you in deceit; Your enemies utter falsehood. |
|
| Ps 139:21 | הֲלֽוֹא־מְשַׂנְאֶ֖יךָ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ אֶשְׂנָ֑א וּ֝בִתְקוֹמְמֶ֗יךָ אֶתְקוֹטָֽט׃ |
Do I not hate, O Lord, Those who hate you? And do I not loathe Those who rise up against you? |
There is the sense of this verse in Matt 5:43. |
| Ps 139:22 | תַּכְלִ֣ית שִׂנְאָ֣ה שְׂנֵאתִ֑ים לְ֝אוֹיְבִ֗ים הָ֣יוּ לִֽי׃ |
I have hated them with perfect hatred; They have become enemies of mine. |
perfect hatred ← perfection of hatred.
There is the sense of this verse in Matt 5:43. |
| Ps 139:23 | חָקְרֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל וְדַ֣ע לְבָבִ֑י בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִי וְדַ֣ע שַׂרְעַפָּֽי׃ |
Search me, O God, and know my heart; Examine me, and know my thoughts, |
|
| Ps 139:24 | וּרְאֵ֗ה אִם־דֶּֽרֶךְ־עֹ֥צֶב בִּ֑י וּ֝נְחֵ֗נִי בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And see whether there is any idolatrous way in me, And lead me along the age-abiding way. |
|
| Ps 140:1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ |
To the choirmaster.↑
A Psalm of David. |
to the choirmaster: see Ps 4:1. |
| Ps 140:2 Ps 140:1AV |
חַלְּצֵ֣נִי יְ֭הוָה מֵאָדָ֣ם רָ֑ע מֵאִ֖ישׁ חֲמָסִ֣ים תִּנְצְרֵֽנִי׃ |
Deliver me, O Lord, from the evil man, And protect me from the man of violence |
man ... man ← Adam ... man. |
| Ps 140:3 Ps 140:2AV |
אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָשְׁב֣וּ רָע֣וֹת בְּלֵ֑ב כָּל־י֝֗וֹם יָג֥וּרוּ מִלְחָמֽוֹת׃ |
– Those who have devised evil in their heart. Every day they convene for wars. |
|
| Ps 140:4 Ps 140:3AV |
שָֽׁנֲנ֣וּ לְשׁוֹנָם֮ כְּֽמוֹ־נָ֫חָ֥שׁ חֲמַ֥ת עַכְשׁ֑וּב תַּ֖חַת שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ סֶֽלָה׃ |
They have sharpened their tongue like a serpent; Vipers' venom is under their lips. Selah. |
Rom 3:13. |
| Ps 140:5 Ps 140:4AV |
שָׁמְרֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֨ה ׀ מִ֘ידֵ֤י רָשָׁ֗ע מֵאִ֣ישׁ חֲמָסִ֣ים תִּנְצְרֵ֑נִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָ֝שְׁב֗וּ לִדְח֥וֹת פְּעָמָֽי׃ |
Keep me, O Lord, from the hands of the wicked; Protect me from the man of violence, For they have planned to overturn my steps. |
|
| Ps 140:6 Ps 140:5AV |
טָֽמְנֽוּ־גֵאִ֨ים ׀ פַּ֡ח לִ֗י וַחֲבָלִ֗ים פָּ֣רְשׂוּ רֶ֭שֶׁת לְיַד־מַעְגָּ֑ל מֹקְשִׁ֖ים שָֽׁתוּ־לִ֣י סֶֽלָה׃ |
The proud have hidden a trap for me, and cords, They have spread out a net to the side of the path; They have set snares for me. Selah. |
|
| Ps 140:7 Ps 140:6AV |
אָמַ֣רְתִּי לַ֭יהוָה אֵ֣לִי אָ֑תָּה הַאֲזִ֥ינָה יְ֝הוָ֗ה ק֣וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי׃ |
I have said to the Lord, “You are my God.” Listen, O Lord, To the utterance of my supplications. |
utterance ← voice. |
| Ps 140:8 Ps 140:7AV |
יְהֹוִ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי עֹ֣ז יְשׁוּעָתִ֑י סַכֹּ֥תָה לְ֝רֹאשִׁ֗י בְּי֣וֹם נָֽשֶׁק׃ |
O Lord my Lord, the strength of my salvation, You protected my head on the day of battle. |
|
| Ps 140:9 Ps 140:8AV |
אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן יְ֭הוָה מַאֲוַיֵּ֣י רָשָׁ֑ע זְמָמ֥וֹ אַל־תָּ֝פֵ֗ק יָר֥וּמוּ סֶֽלָה׃ |
O Lord, do not grant the wicked man his desires; Do not further his scheming By which such men become exalted. Selah. |
the wicked man his desires ← the desires of the wicked (man). |
| Ps 140:10 Ps 140:9AV |
רֹ֥אשׁ מְסִבָּ֑י עֲמַ֖ל שְׂפָתֵ֣ימוֹ *יכסומו **יְכַסֵּֽמוֹ׃ |
As for the head men of those who surround me, May the invective of their lips overwhelm them. |
overwhelm: the ketiv is plural (discordant with invective), perhaps attracted in number (but not gender) to lips.
invective ← toil; iniquity. |
| Ps 140:11 Ps 140:10AV |
*ימיטו **יִמּ֥וֹטוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם גֶּֽחָ֫לִ֥ים בָּאֵ֥שׁ יַפִּלֵ֑ם בְּ֝מַהֲמֹר֗וֹת בַּֽל־יָקֽוּמוּ׃ |
May burning coals tumble down on them, May he cause them to fall into the fire; May they not rise from the floods. |
tumble down: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A yod / vav issue.
from the floods ← in the floods. |
| Ps 140:12 Ps 140:11AV |
אִ֥ישׁ לָשׁוֹן֮ בַּל־יִכּ֪וֹן בָּ֫אָ֥רֶץ אִישׁ־חָמָ֥ס רָ֑ע יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ לְמַדְחֵפֹֽת׃ |
Do not let a slanderer be established in the land, Nor an evil man of violence. May he hunt him to destruction. |
slanderer ← man of tongue.
AV differs in syntactical arrangement, and it is less like MT. |
| Ps 140:13 Ps 140:12AV |
*ידעת **יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְ֭הוָה דִּ֣ין עָנִ֑י מִ֝שְׁפַּ֗ט אֶבְיֹנִֽים׃ |
{Q: I know} [K: You know] that the Lord will defend the interest of the poor And the justice of the needy. |
The ketiv could be considered an Aramaism for I know. |
| Ps 140:14 Ps 140:13AV |
אַ֣ךְ צַ֭דִּיקִים יוֹד֣וּ לִשְׁמֶ֑ךָ יֵשְׁב֥וּ יְ֝שָׁרִ֗ים אֶת־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
Surely the righteous will give thanks to your name, And the upright will dwell in your presence. |
|
| Ps 141:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהוָ֣ה קְ֭רָאתִיךָ ח֣וּשָׁה לִּ֑י הַאֲזִ֥ינָה ק֝וֹלִ֗י בְּקָרְאִי־לָֽךְ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
O Lord, I have called out to you. Do hasten to me. Listen to my voice When I call out to you. |
|
| Ps 141:2 | תִּכּ֤וֹן תְּפִלָּתִ֣י קְטֹ֣רֶת לְפָנֶ֑יךָ מַֽשְׂאַ֥ת כַּ֝פַּ֗י מִנְחַת־עָֽרֶב׃ |
Let my prayer be considered as incense in your presence, And the lifting up of hands As the evening meal-offering. |
Rev 5:8, Rev 8:4.
considered ← established. |
| Ps 141:3 | שִׁיתָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה שָׁמְרָ֣ה לְפִ֑י נִ֝צְּרָ֗ה עַל־דַּ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽי׃ |
O Lord, put a guard on my mouth; Watch over the door of my lips. |
|
| Ps 141:4 | אַל־תַּט־לִבִּ֨י לְדָבָ֪ר ׀ רָ֡ע לְהִתְע֘וֹלֵ֤ל עֲלִל֨וֹת ׀ בְּרֶ֗שַׁע אֶת־אִישִׁ֥ים פֹּֽעֲלֵי־אָ֑וֶן וּבַל־אֶ֝לְחַ֗ם בְּמַנְעַמֵּיהֶֽם׃ |
Do not incline my heart to any evil thing, To engage in wicked practices With men who commit iniquity. And may I not eat their delicacies. |
|
| Ps 141:5 | יֶֽהֶלְמֵֽנִי־צַדִּ֨יק ׀ חֶ֡סֶד וְֽיוֹכִיחֵ֗נִי שֶׁ֣מֶן רֹ֭אשׁ אַל־יָנִ֣י רֹאשִׁ֑י כִּי־ע֥וֹד וּ֝תְפִלָּתִ֗י בְּרָעוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Let the righteous man beat me with kindness, And let him reprove me with oil for the head. And do not let him withhold it from my head, For my prayer is still against their wicked deeds. |
for the head ... withhold it from: AV differs (excellent ... break). |
| Ps 141:6 | נִשְׁמְט֣וּ בִֽידֵי־סֶ֭לַע שֹׁפְטֵיהֶ֑ם וְשָׁמְע֥וּ אֲ֝מָרַ֗י כִּ֣י נָעֵֽמוּ׃ |
Their judges will be thrown down at the sides of a rock, But they will hear my sayings, For they are pleasant. |
|
| Ps 141:7 | כְּמ֤וֹ פֹלֵ֣חַ וּבֹקֵ֣עַ בָּאָ֑רֶץ נִפְזְר֥וּ עֲ֝צָמֵ֗ינוּ לְפִ֣י שְׁאֽוֹל׃ |
As with one who cleaves and splits rocks on earth, So our bones are scattered at the mouth of the grave. |
We take the picture as one of rock fragments after quarrying, resembling an assortment of scattered bones. |
| Ps 141:8 | כִּ֤י אֵלֶ֨יךָ ׀ יְהֹוִ֣ה אֲדֹנָ֣י עֵינָ֑י בְּכָ֥ה חָ֝סִ֗יתִי אַל־תְּעַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
For my eyes look towards you, O Lord my Lord. I have put my trust in you; Do not drain my energy. |
energy ← soul. |
| Ps 141:9 | שָׁמְרֵ֗נִי מִ֣ידֵי פַ֭ח יָ֣קְשׁוּ לִ֑י וּ֝מֹקְשׁ֗וֹת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
Keep me from the grip of the snare Which they have set for me, And from the traps of those who commit iniquity. |
grip ← hands. |
| Ps 141:10 | יִפְּל֣וּ בְמַכְמֹרָ֣יו רְשָׁעִ֑ים יַ֥חַד אָ֝נֹכִ֗י עַֽד־אֶעֱבֽוֹר׃ |
May the wicked fall into their own nets Until I have completely passed by. |
their own nets ← his nets, i.e. each one's net. |
| Ps 142:1 | מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִ֑ד בִּהְיוֹת֖וֹ בַמְּעָרָ֣ה תְפִלָּֽה׃ | An Instructive Psalm of David when he was in the cave. A Prayer. | Instructive Psalm: see Ps 32:1. |
| Ps 142:2 Ps 142:1AV |
ק֭וֹלִי אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֶזְעָ֑ק ק֝וֹלִ֗י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֶתְחַנָּֽן׃ |
I cried out to the Lord with my voice; With my voice I made supplication to the Lord. |
my voice ... my voice: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Ps 142:3 Ps 142:2AV |
אֶשְׁפֹּ֣ךְ לְפָנָ֣יו שִׂיחִ֑י צָ֝רָתִ֗י לְפָנָ֥יו אַגִּֽיד׃ |
I poured out my grievance before him; I told him in his presence of my distress |
|
| Ps 142:4 Ps 142:3AV |
בְּהִתְעַטֵּ֬ף עָלַ֨י ׀ רוּחִ֗י וְאַתָּה֮ יָדַ֪עְתָּ נְֽתִיבָ֫תִ֥י בְּאֹֽרַח־ז֥וּ אֲהַלֵּ֑ךְ טָמְנ֖וּ פַ֣ח לִֽי׃ |
When my spirit fainted within me, But you knew my path, On the way along which I went When they had laid a snare for me. |
|
| Ps 142:5 Ps 142:4AV |
הַבֵּ֤יט יָמִ֨ין ׀ וּרְאֵה֮ וְאֵֽין־לִ֪י מַ֫כִּ֥יר אָבַ֣ד מָנ֣וֹס מִמֶּ֑נִּי אֵ֖ין דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Look to the right and see That I have no-one who recognizes me. I have lost the opportunity for a refuge; There is no-one who cares for my life. |
I have lost the opportunity for a refuge ← a refuge has perished from me.
life ← soul. |
| Ps 142:6 Ps 142:5AV |
זָעַ֥קְתִּי אֵלֶ֗יךָ יְה֫וָ֥ה אָ֭מַרְתִּי אַתָּ֣ה מַחְסִ֑י חֶ֝לְקִ֗י בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחַיִּים׃ |
I cried out to you, O Lord. I said, “You are my refuge – My portion in the land of the living.” |
|
| Ps 142:7 Ps 142:6AV |
הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה ׀ אֶֽל־רִנָּתִי֮ כִּֽי־דַלּ֪וֹתִ֫י מְאֹ֥ד הַצִּילֵ֥נִי מֵרֹדְפַ֑י כִּ֖י אָמְצ֣וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Hearken to my cry, For I am very much reduced. Deliver me from those who pursue me, For they are stronger than I. |
|
| Ps 142:8 Ps 142:7AV |
ה֘וֹצִ֤יאָה מִמַּסְגֵּ֨ר ׀ נַפְשִׁי֮ לְהוֹד֪וֹת אֶת־שְׁ֫מֶ֥ךָ בִּ֭י יַכְתִּ֣רוּ צַדִּיקִ֑ים כִּ֖י תִגְמֹ֣ל עָלָֽי׃ |
Do get me alive out of confinement So as to give thanks to your name. The righteous will surround me, For you have recompensed me. |
get me alive out ← bring my soul out. |
| Ps 143:1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שְׁמַ֬ע תְּפִלָּתִ֗י הַאֲזִ֥ינָה אֶל־תַּחֲנוּנַ֑י בֶּאֱמֻנָתְךָ֥ עֲ֝נֵ֗נִי בְּצִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃ |
A Psalm of David.
O Lord, hear my prayer. Listen to my supplications; Answer me in your faithfulness and in your righteousness. |
|
| Ps 143:2 | וְאַל־תָּב֣וֹא בְ֭מִשְׁפָּט אֶת־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־יִצְדַּ֖ק לְפָנֶ֣יךָ כָל־חָֽי׃ |
And do not enter into judgment with your servant, For no living person will be justified in your presence. |
no ← not all, Hebrew idiom for none of, completely negating all. |
| Ps 143:3 | כִּ֥י רָ֘דַ֤ף אוֹיֵ֨ב ׀ נַפְשִׁ֗י דִּכָּ֣א לָ֭אָרֶץ חַיָּתִ֑י הוֹשִׁיבַ֥נִי בְ֝מַחֲשַׁכִּ֗ים כְּמֵתֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ |
For the enemy has pursued me for my life; He has pounded my liveliness into the ground. He has made me dwell in darkness, Like those long dead. |
me for my life ← my soul.
long dead ← dead of the age. |
| Ps 143:4 | וַתִּתְעַטֵּ֣ף עָלַ֣י רוּחִ֑י בְּ֝תוֹכִ֗י יִשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם לִבִּֽי׃ |
And my spirit is fainting within me. Inside me, my heart is being devastated. |
|
| Ps 143:5 | זָ֘כַ֤רְתִּי יָמִ֨ים ׀ מִקֶּ֗דֶם הָגִ֥יתִי בְכָל־פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲשׂוֹחֵֽחַ׃ |
I remember the days of old; I meditate on all your deeds. I am contemplating the work of your hands. |
remember ... meditate ... am contemplating: an interesting sequence of “tenses”: past ... past ... future. See Gen 2:6. |
| Ps 143:6 | פֵּרַ֣שְׂתִּי יָדַ֣י אֵלֶ֑יךָ נַפְשִׁ֓י ׀ כְּאֶֽרֶץ־עֲיֵפָ֖ה לְךָ֣ סֶֽלָה׃ |
I stretch out my hands to you; My being looks to you, Like an exhausted land. Selah. |
hands ← hand.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 143:7 | מַ֘הֵ֤ר עֲנֵ֨נִי ׀ יְהוָה֮ כָּלְתָ֪ה ר֫וּחִ֥י אַל־תַּסְתֵּ֣ר פָּנֶ֣יךָ מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּי עִם־יֹ֥רְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
O Lord, answer me quickly; My spirit is spent. Do not hide your face from me, So that I am not like those Who go down into the pit. |
so that ... not: purposive use of the vav, with negation carried over from the previous clause. |
| Ps 143:8 | הַשְׁמִ֘יעֵ֤נִי בַבֹּ֨קֶר ׀ חַסְדֶּךָ֮ כִּֽי־בְךָ֪ בָ֫טָ֥חְתִּי הוֹדִיעֵ֗נִי דֶּֽרֶךְ־ז֥וּ אֵלֵ֑ךְ כִּֽי־אֵ֝לֶיךָ נָשָׂ֥אתִי נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Proclaim your kindness to me in the morning, For I have trusted in you. Show me the way I should go, For I have lifted up my inner being to you. |
show me ← cause me to know.
inner being ← soul. |
| Ps 143:9 | הַצִּילֵ֖נִי מֵאֹיְבַ֥י ׀ יְהוָ֗ה אֵלֶ֥יךָ כִסִּֽתִי׃ |
Deliver me from my enemies, O Lord; I look for cover in you. |
|
| Ps 143:10 | לַמְּדֵ֤נִי ׀ לַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת רְצוֹנֶךָ֮ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֪ה אֱל֫וֹהָ֥י רוּחֲךָ֥ טוֹבָ֑ה תַּ֝נְחֵ֗נִי בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִישֽׁוֹר׃ |
Teach me to do your will, For you are my God. Your spirit is good; Lead me into an upright land. |
lead: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28, Ps 80:19 (Ps 80:18AV) and compare Ps 143:12. [CB] regards it as indicative ([Your spirit] will lead).
an upright land ← a land of uprightness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 143:11 | לְמַֽעַן־שִׁמְךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה תְּחַיֵּ֑נִי בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֓ ׀ תוֹצִ֖יא מִצָּרָ֣ה נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
For the sake of your name, O Lord, Preserve me alive. Bring my being out of adversity In your righteousness. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 143:12 | וּֽבְחַסְדְּךָ֮ תַּצְמִ֪ית אֹ֫יְבָ֥י וְֽ֭הַאֲבַדְתָּ כָּל־צֹרֲרֵ֣י נַפְשִׁ֑י כִּ֝֗י אֲנִ֣י עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
And cut off my enemies In your kindness, And destroy all those who are hostile to my being, For I am your servant. |
destroy: perfect, perhaps conversive (but no stress on ultimate) for imperative. Compare Ps 143:10.
being ← soul. |
| Ps 144:1 | לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ בָּ֘ר֤וּךְ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ צוּרִ֗י הַֽמְלַמֵּ֣ד יָדַ֣י לַקְרָ֑ב אֶ֝צְבְּעוֹתַ֗י לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ |
A Psalm of David.
Blessed be the Lord my rock, Who teaches my hands battle, And my fingers war |
|
| Ps 144:2 | חַסְדִּ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִי֮ מִשְׂגַּבִּ֪י וּֽמְפַלְטִ֫י לִ֥י מָ֭גִנִּי וּב֣וֹ חָסִ֑יתִי הָרוֹדֵ֖ד עַמִּ֣י תַחְתָּֽי׃ |
– My kindness, my fortress, my high stronghold, And my deliverer, my shield, In whom I trust, Who subdues my people under me. |
|
| Ps 144:3 | יְֽהוָ֗ה מָה־אָ֭דָם וַתֵּדָעֵ֑הוּ בֶּן־אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ וַֽתְּחַשְּׁבֵֽהוּ׃ |
O Lord, what is man, That you should know him? – The son of man, That you should consider him? |
Heb 2:6.
|| Ps 8:5 (Ps 8:4AV). man ... man ← Adam ... (mortal) mankind. |
| Ps 144:4 | אָ֭דָם לַהֶ֣בֶל דָּמָ֑ה יָ֝מָ֗יו כְּצֵ֣ל עוֹבֵֽר׃ |
Man resembles vapour; His days are like a shadow passing by. |
|
| Ps 144:5 | יְ֭הוָה הַט־שָׁמֶ֣יךָ וְתֵרֵ֑ד גַּ֖ע בֶּהָרִ֣ים וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃ |
O Lord, take leave of your heavens, And come down; Strike the mountains, And they will smoke. |
take leave of: or lower. |
| Ps 144:6 | בְּר֣וֹק בָּ֭רָק וּתְפִיצֵ֑ם שְׁלַ֥ח חִ֝צֶּ֗יךָ וּתְהֻמֵּֽם׃ |
Flash lightning and scatter them; Send your arrows and rout them. |
scatter ... rout: future / imperfective for imperative, or a purpose clause. See Deut 2:28, Ps 80:19 (Ps 80:18AV). |
| Ps 144:7 | שְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶ֗יךָ מִמָּ֫ר֥וֹם פְּצֵ֣נִי וְ֭הַצִּילֵנִי מִמַּ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים מִ֝יַּ֗ד בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָֽר׃ |
Send your hands from above; Snatch me away, And deliver me from great waters – From the hand of foreigners, |
foreigners ← sons of the foreigner. |
| Ps 144:8 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּ֭יהֶם דִּבֶּר־שָׁ֑וְא וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם יְמִ֣ין שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Whose mouths speak a lie, And whose right hand is a right hand of falsehood. |
mouths ← mouth. |
| Ps 144:9 | אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים שִׁ֣יר חָ֭דָשׁ אָשִׁ֣ירָה לָּ֑ךְ בְּנֵ֥בֶל עָ֝שׂ֗וֹר אֲזַמְּרָה־לָּֽךְ׃ |
O God, I will sing a new song to you; With the ten-stringed lute I will make psalm melody to you. |
ten-stringed lute: AV differs, translating as two instruments, as in Ps 33:2. |
| Ps 144:10 | הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן תְּשׁוּעָ֗ה לַמְּלָ֫כִ֥ים הַ֭פּוֹצֶה אֶת־דָּוִ֥ד עַבְדּ֗וֹ מֵחֶ֥רֶב רָעָֽה׃ |
It is he who gives salvation to kings; It is he who snatches David his servant away from an evil sword. |
|
| Ps 144:11 | פְּצֵ֥נִי וְהַצִּילֵנִי֮ מִיַּ֪ד בְּֽנֵי־נֵ֫כָ֥ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּ֭יהֶם דִּבֶּר־שָׁ֑וְא וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם יְמִ֣ין שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Snatch me away and deliver me from the hand of foreigners, Whose mouths speak a lie, And whose right hand is a right hand of falsehood. |
whose: punctuated non-restrictively. In David's eyes, the foreigners were all untrustworthy.
mouths ← mouth. |
| Ps 144:12 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּנֵ֨ינוּ ׀ כִּנְטִעִים֮ מְגֻדָּלִ֪ים בִּֽנְעוּרֵ֫יהֶ֥ם בְּנוֹתֵ֥ינוּ כְזָוִיֹּ֑ת מְ֝חֻטָּב֗וֹת תַּבְנִ֥ית הֵיכָֽל׃ |
It is he through whom our sons may be like plants raised in their youth, And our daughters like cornerstones Hewn in a form fit for a palace, |
form fit for ← form of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Ps 144:13 | מְזָוֵ֣ינוּ מְלֵאִים֮ מְפִיקִ֥ים מִזַּ֗ן אֶ֫ל־זַ֥ן צֹאונֵ֣נוּ מַ֭אֲלִיפוֹת מְרֻבָּב֗וֹת בְּחוּצוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
And through whom our granaries may be full, Supplying all kinds of needs, And through whom our flocks may bear thousands, And tens of thousands in our open places, |
kinds of needs: or kinds of (grain). |
| Ps 144:14 | אַלּוּפֵ֗ינוּ מְֽסֻבָּ֫לִ֥ים אֵֽין־פֶּ֭רֶץ וְאֵ֣ין יוֹצֵ֑את וְאֵ֥ין צְ֝וָחָ֗ה בִּרְחֹבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
And through whom our cattle may be with young, And that there may be no invasion or deportation Or cry of sorrow in our open places. |
with young ← laden. |
| Ps 144:15 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י הָ֭עָם שֶׁכָּ֣כָה לּ֑וֹ אַֽשְׁרֵ֥י הָ֝עָ֗ם שֶׁיֲהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ |
Happy is the people who have such a situation; Happy is the people whose God is the Lord. |
|
| Ps 145:1 | תְּהִלָּ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד אֲרוֹמִמְךָ֣ אֱלוֹהַ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאֲבָרֲכָ֥ה שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
A Psalm of Praise of David.
I will exalt you, my God the king, And I will bless your name Age-abidingly and perpetually. |
|
| Ps 145:2 | בְּכָל־י֥וֹם אֲבָרֲכֶ֑ךָּ וַאֲהַלְלָ֥ה שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
I will bless you every day, And I will praise your name Age-abidingly and perpetually. |
|
| Ps 145:3 | גָּ֘ד֤וֹל יְהוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וְ֝לִגְדֻלָּת֗וֹ אֵ֣ין חֵֽקֶר׃ |
Great is the Lord, And very much worthy of praise. And of his greatness there is no searching out. |
worthy of praise: gerundival use of the pual participle. |
| Ps 145:4 | דּ֣וֹר לְ֭דוֹר יְשַׁבַּ֣ח מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וּגְב֖וּרֹתֶ֣יךָ יַגִּֽידוּ׃ |
One generation will praise your works to the next generation, And they will relate your mighty deeds. |
|
| Ps 145:5 | הֲ֭דַר כְּב֣וֹד הוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְדִבְרֵ֖י נִפְלְאוֹתֶ֣יךָ אָשִֽׂיחָה׃ |
I will speak of the splendour of your majestic glory And the details of your wonders. |
your majestic glory ← the glory of your majesty, a Hebraic genitive.
details ← things / words. |
| Ps 145:6 | וֶעֱז֣וּז נוֹרְאֹתֶ֣יךָ יֹאמֵ֑רוּ *וגדולתיך **וּגְדוּלָּתְךָ֥ אֲסַפְּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
And they shall speak of the power of your awesome deeds, Whilst I will recount your {K: great acts} [Q: greatness]. |
I will recount ← I will recount it, the suffix it explaining the qeré, but the singular suffix could be generalizing; compare Ezek 48:15. |
| Ps 145:7 | זֵ֣כֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ֣ יַבִּ֑יעוּ וְצִדְקָתְךָ֥ יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
They will utter remembrance of your great goodness, And they will sing out of your righteousness. |
|
| Ps 145:8 | חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֣וּם יְהוָ֑ה אֶ֥רֶךְ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם וּגְדָל־חָֽסֶד׃ |
The Lord is gracious and merciful, Forbearing and of great kindness. |
forbearing ← long of anger. |
| Ps 145:9 | טוֹב־יְהוָ֥ה לַכֹּ֑ל וְ֝רַחֲמָ֗יו עַל־כָּל־מַעֲשָֽׂיו׃ |
The Lord is good to all, And his mercies are with all his works. |
|
| Ps 145:10 | יוֹד֣וּךָ יְ֭הוָה כָּל־מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וַ֝חֲסִידֶ֗יךָ יְבָרֲכֽוּכָה׃ |
All your works give cause for praising you, O Lord, And those under your grace will bless you. |
give cause for praising: we avoid the notion of inanimate objects praising (but we allow it in Ps 148:3). |
| Ps 145:11 | כְּב֣וֹד מַלְכוּתְךָ֣ יֹאמֵ֑רוּ וּגְבוּרָתְךָ֥ יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ |
They will speak of the glory of your kingdom And talk of your might, |
|
| Ps 145:12 | לְהוֹדִ֤יעַ ׀ לִבְנֵ֣י הָ֭אָדָם גְּבוּרֹתָ֑יו וּ֝כְב֗וֹד הֲדַ֣ר מַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ |
To make his mighty deeds known to the sons of Adam, And the illustrious glory of his kingdom. |
The change of grammatical person is not unusual in Hebrew, especially in the Psalms.
illustrious glory ← glory of the splendour. |
| Ps 145:13 | מַֽלְכוּתְךָ֗ מַלְכ֥וּת כָּל־עֹֽלָמִ֑ים וּ֝מֶֽמְשֶׁלְתְּךָ֗ בְּכָל־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
Your kingdom is a kingdom of all ages, And your rule is over each and every generation. |
each and every generation ← every generation and generation. |
| Ps 145:14 | סוֹמֵ֣ךְ יְ֭הוָה לְכָל־הַנֹּפְלִ֑ים וְ֝זוֹקֵ֗ף לְכָל־הַכְּפוּפִֽים׃ |
The Lord supports all who fall, And he straightens up all who are bent double. |
|
| Ps 145:15 | עֵֽינֵי־כֹ֭ל אֵלֶ֣יךָ יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ וְאַתָּ֤ה נֽוֹתֵן־לָהֶ֖ם אֶת־אָכְלָ֣ם בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃ |
The eyes of all look to you, And you give them their food in due time. |
in due time ← in its time. |
| Ps 145:16 | פּוֹתֵ֥חַ אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ וּמַשְׂבִּ֖יעַ לְכָל־חַ֣י רָצֽוֹן׃ |
You open your hand And satisfy the appetite of every living being. |
appetite ← delight, satisfaction; will. |
| Ps 145:17 | צַדִּ֣יק יְ֭הוָה בְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֑יו וְ֝חָסִ֗יד בְּכָל־מַעֲשָֽׂיו׃ |
The Lord is righteous in all his ways And benevolent in all his works. |
Rev 15:3, adapted. |
| Ps 145:18 | קָר֣וֹב יְ֭הוָה לְכָל־קֹרְאָ֑יו לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִקְרָאֻ֣הוּ בֶאֱמֶֽת׃ |
The Lord is near to all those calling on him – To all who call on him in truth. |
|
| Ps 145:19 | רְצוֹן־יְרֵאָ֥יו יַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְֽאֶת־שַׁוְעָתָ֥ם יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע וְיוֹשִׁיעֵֽם׃ |
He will bring about the desire of those who fear him, And he will hear their crying out, And he will save them. |
|
| Ps 145:20 | שׁוֹמֵ֣ר יְ֭הוָה אֶת־כָּל־אֹהֲבָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הָרְשָׁעִ֣ים יַשְׁמִֽיד׃ |
The Lord keeps all those who love him, But he will destroy all the wicked. |
|
| Ps 145:21 | תְּהִלַּ֥ת יְהוָ֗ה יְֽדַבֶּ֫ר־פִּ֥י וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ כָּל־בָּ֭שָׂר שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשׁ֗וֹ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ |
My mouth will speak the Lord's praise, And all flesh will bless his holy name Age-abidingly and perpetually. |
|
| Ps 146:1 | הַֽלְלוּ־יָ֡הּ הַלְלִ֥י נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Praise the Lord. O my being, praise the Lord. |
being ← soul. |
| Ps 146:2 | אֲהַלְלָ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה בְּחַיָּ֑י אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה לֵֽאלֹהַ֣י בְּעוֹדִֽי׃ |
I will praise the Lord in my life; I will make psalm melody to my God As long as I exist. |
|
| Ps 146:3 | אַל־תִּבְטְח֥וּ בִנְדִיבִ֑ים בְּבֶן־אָדָ֓ם ׀ שֶׁ֤אֵֽין ל֥וֹ תְשׁוּעָֽה׃ |
Do not trust in nobles, Nor in a son of man, Who does not have salvation. |
|
| Ps 146:4 | תֵּצֵ֣א ר֭וּחוֹ יָשֻׁ֣ב לְאַדְמָת֑וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַ֝ה֗וּא אָבְד֥וּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָֽיו׃ |
His spirit goes out; He returns to the ground. On that day, his purposes cease to exist. |
the ground ← his ground. |
| Ps 146:5 | אַשְׁרֵ֗י שֶׁ֤אֵ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֣ב בְּעֶזְר֑וֹ שִׂ֝בְר֗וֹ עַל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ |
Happy is he whose help is the God of Jacob, Whose expectation is in the Lord his God, |
whose help ← in whose help. |
| Ps 146:6 | עֹשֶׂ֤ה ׀ שָׁ֘מַ֤יִם וָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑ם הַשֹּׁמֵ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת לְעוֹלָֽם׃ |
The maker of heaven and earth, And the sea, and everything in them, Who keeps truth age-abidingly, |
|
| Ps 146:7 | עֹשֶׂ֤ה מִשְׁפָּ֨ט ׀ לָעֲשׁוּקִ֗ים נֹתֵ֣ן לֶ֭חֶם לָרְעֵבִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה מַתִּ֥יר אֲסוּרִֽים׃ |
Who executes judgment for those who are oppressed, Who gives bread to the hungry – The Lord who releases captives, |
|
| Ps 146:8 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ פֹּ֘קֵ֤חַ עִוְרִ֗ים יְ֭הוָה זֹקֵ֣ף כְּפוּפִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה אֹהֵ֥ב צַדִּיקִֽים׃ |
The Lord who opens the eyes of the blind, The Lord who straightens up those bent double, The Lord who loves the righteous. |
|
| Ps 146:9 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤ר אֶת־גֵּרִ֗ים יָת֣וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֣ה יְעוֹדֵ֑ד וְדֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יְעַוֵּֽת׃ |
The Lord keeps foreigners safe; He supports the orphan and the widow, But he overturns the way of the wicked. |
overturns ← twists, makes crooked. Compare Lam 3:9. |
| Ps 146:10 | יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
The Lord will reign age-abidingly; Your God, O Zion, is from generation to generation. Praise the Lord. |
Rev 11:15.
from generation to generation ← for generation and generation. |
| Ps 147:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ כִּי־ט֭וֹב זַמְּרָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־נָ֝עִים נָאוָ֥ה תְהִלָּֽה׃ |
Praise the Lord, For it is good to make psalm melody to our God, For it is pleasant, And praise is becoming. |
|
| Ps 147:2 | בּוֹנֵ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה נִדְחֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל יְכַנֵּֽס׃ |
The Lord is the builder of Jerusalem; He will gather those driven out of Israel. |
|
| Ps 147:3 | הָ֭רֹפֵא לִשְׁב֣וּרֵי לֵ֑ב וּ֝מְחַבֵּ֗שׁ לְעַצְּבוֹתָֽם׃ |
He is the healer of the brokenhearted, And he binds up their sorrows. |
|
| Ps 147:4 | מוֹנֶ֣ה מִ֭סְפָּר לַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים לְ֝כֻלָּ֗ם שֵׁמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא׃ |
He counts the number of the stars; He calls all of them by their names. |
|
| Ps 147:5 | גָּד֣וֹל אֲדוֹנֵ֣ינוּ וְרַב־כֹּ֑חַ לִ֝תְבוּנָת֗וֹ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
Great is our Lord, And very powerful; His understanding is limitless. |
limitless ← innumerable. |
| Ps 147:6 | מְעוֹדֵ֣ד עֲנָוִ֣ים יְהוָ֑ה מַשְׁפִּ֖יל רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֲדֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The Lord supports the meek; He brings the wicked down to the ground. |
supports: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Ps 147:7 | עֱנ֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה בְּתוֹדָ֑ה זַמְּר֖וּ לֵאלֹהֵ֣ינוּ בְכִנּֽוֹר׃ |
Sing with thanks to the Lord; Make psalm melody with the harp to our God, |
sing: the most common meaning by far is answer, but also sing in answer to a musical cue. |
| Ps 147:8 | הַֽמְכַסֶּ֬ה שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ בְּעָבִ֗ים הַמֵּכִ֣ין לָאָ֣רֶץ מָטָ֑ר הַמַּצְמִ֖יחַ הָרִ֣ים חָצִֽיר׃ |
Who covers the heavens with thick clouds, Who prepares rain for the earth, Who makes vegetation sprout up on mountains, |
|
| Ps 147:9 | נוֹתֵ֣ן לִבְהֵמָ֣ה לַחְמָ֑הּ לִבְנֵ֥י עֹ֝רֵ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְרָֽאוּ׃ |
Who gives animals their food, And to the young ravens Which cry out for it. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
young ravens ← sons of ravens. |
| Ps 147:10 | לֹ֤א בִגְבוּרַ֣ת הַסּ֣וּס יֶחְפָּ֑ץ לֹֽא־בְשׁוֹקֵ֖י הָאִ֣ישׁ יִרְצֶֽה׃ |
He does not delight in the strength of the horse; He does not take pleasure in the legs of man. |
|
| Ps 147:11 | רוֹצֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־יְרֵאָ֑יו אֶת־הַֽמְיַחֲלִ֥ים לְחַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
The Lord takes pleasure in those who fear him – In those who await his kindness. |
|
| Ps 147:12 | שַׁבְּחִ֣י יְ֭רוּשָׁלִַם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה הַֽלְלִ֖י אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִיּֽוֹן׃ |
O Jerusalem, praise the Lord; Praise your God, O Zion. |
|
| Ps 147:13 | כִּֽי־חִ֭זַּק בְּרִיחֵ֣י שְׁעָרָ֑יִךְ בֵּרַ֖ךְ בָּנַ֣יִךְ בְּקִרְבֵּֽךְ׃ |
For he has strengthened the bolts of your gates; He has blessed your sons inside you. |
|
| Ps 147:14 | הַשָּׂם־גְּבוּלֵ֥ךְ שָׁל֑וֹם חֵ֥לֶב חִ֝טִּ֗ים יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽךְ׃ |
He makes your border peace And satiates you with the finest wheat. |
he makes ← who makes, but we start a fresh sentence.
finest ← fat of. |
| Ps 147:15 | הַשֹּׁלֵ֣חַ אִמְרָת֣וֹ אָ֑רֶץ עַד־מְ֝הֵרָ֗ה יָר֥וּץ דְּבָרֽוֹ׃ |
He sends his communication to the earth; His word runs with speed. |
he sends ← who sends.
communication: or saying. with speed ← up to speed. |
| Ps 147:16 | הַנֹּתֵ֣ן שֶׁ֣לֶג כַּצָּ֑מֶר כְּ֝פ֗וֹר כָּאֵ֥פֶר יְפַזֵּֽר׃ |
He gives snow like wool; He scatters hoarfrost like ashes. |
he gives ← who gives. |
| Ps 147:17 | מַשְׁלִ֣יךְ קַֽרְח֣וֹ כְפִתִּ֑ים לִפְנֵ֥י קָ֝רָת֗וֹ מִ֣י יַעֲמֹֽד׃ |
He deposits his ice in pieces; Who can stand in the presence of his cold? |
in pieces ← as pieces. |
| Ps 147:18 | יִשְׁלַ֣ח דְּבָר֣וֹ וְיַמְסֵ֑ם יַשֵּׁ֥ב ר֝וּח֗וֹ יִזְּלוּ־מָֽיִם׃ |
He sends his word and melts them; He makes his wind blow, And the waters flow. |
|
| Ps 147:19 | מַגִּ֣יד *דברו **דְּבָרָ֣יו לְיַעֲקֹ֑ב חֻקָּ֥יו וּ֝מִשְׁפָּטָ֗יו לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
He proclaimed his {K: word} [Q: words] to Jacob – His statutes and his judicial pronouncements to Israel. |
|
| Ps 147:20 | לֹ֘א עָ֤שָׂה כֵ֨ן ׀ לְכָל־גּ֗וֹי וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֥ים בַּל־יְדָע֗וּם הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
He did not act like this to every nation, And as for his judicial pronouncements, They do not know them. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 148:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בַּמְּרוֹמִֽים׃ |
Praise the Lord, Praise the Lord from heaven; Praise him in the heights. |
|
| Ps 148:2 | הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ כָל־מַלְאָכָ֑יו הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־*צבאו **צְבָאָֽיו׃ |
Praise him, all you angels of his; Praise him, all you of {K: his host} [Q: hosts]. |
|
| Ps 148:3 | הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֑חַ הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־כּ֥וֹכְבֵי אֽוֹר׃ |
Praise him, sun and moon; Praise him, all you stars of light. |
|
| Ps 148:4 | הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְ֝הַמַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ מֵעַ֬ל הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
Praise him, you heavens of heavens, And you waters above the heavens. |
|
| Ps 148:5 | יְֽ֭הַֽלְלוּ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י ה֭וּא צִוָּ֣ה וְנִבְרָֽאוּ׃ |
Let them praise the name of the Lord, For he commanded it, And they were created. |
|
| Ps 148:6 | וַיַּעֲמִידֵ֣ם לָעַ֣ד לְעוֹלָ֑ם חָק־נָ֝תַ֗ן וְלֹ֣א יַעֲבֽוֹר׃ |
And he set them up perpetually for the age; He gave a statute, And it will not pass away. |
|
| Ps 148:7 | הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הוָה מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ תַּ֝נִּינִ֗ים וְכָל־תְּהֹמֽוֹת׃ |
Praise the Lord from the earth, You sea-monsters and all depths, |
|
| Ps 148:8 | אֵ֣שׁ וּ֭בָרָד שֶׁ֣לֶג וְקִיט֑וֹר ר֥וּחַ סְ֝עָרָ֗ה עֹשָׂ֥ה דְבָרֽוֹ׃ |
Fire and hail, Snow and vapour, Stormwind carrying out his word, |
|
| Ps 148:9 | הֶהָרִ֥ים וְכָל־גְּבָע֑וֹת עֵ֥ץ פְּ֝רִ֗י וְכָל־אֲרָזִֽים׃ |
You mountains and all you hills, You fruit-bearing trees and all cedars, |
trees ← tree. Collective usage. |
| Ps 148:10 | הַֽחַיָּ֥ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֑ה רֶ֝֗מֶשׂ וְצִפּ֥וֹר כָּנָֽף׃ |
You animals and all cattle, You reptiles and winged birds, |
animals ... reptiles ... birds ← animal ... reptile ... bird. Collective usage. |
| Ps 148:11 | מַלְכֵי־אֶ֭רֶץ וְכָל־לְאֻמִּ֑ים שָׂ֝רִ֗ים וְכָל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
You kings of the earth and all peoples, You princes and all the earth's judges, |
|
| Ps 148:12 | בַּחוּרִ֥ים וְגַם־בְּתוּל֑וֹת זְ֝קֵנִ֗ים עִם־נְעָרִֽים׃ |
You young men, and virgins too, You old men, together with youths. |
|
| Ps 148:13 | יְהַלְל֤וּ ׀ אֶת־שֵׁ֬ם יְהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־נִשְׂגָּ֣ב שְׁמ֣וֹ לְבַדּ֑וֹ ה֝וֹד֗וֹ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם׃ |
Let them praise the name of the Lord, For exalted is his name alone; His majesty is above earth and heavens. |
let them: the change of grammatical person (second to third) is not uncommon in Hebrew. |
| Ps 148:14 | וַיָּ֤רֶם קֶ֨רֶן ׀ לְעַמּ֡וֹ תְּהִלָּ֤ה לְֽכָל־חֲסִידָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֣י יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל עַֽם־קְרֹב֗וֹ הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
And he has raised a horn to his people; A matter of praise to all those under his grace – To the sons of Israel, A people he is near. Praise the Lord. |
he is near ← of his being-near. |
| Ps 149:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ שִׁ֣ירוּ לַֽ֭יהוָה שִׁ֣יר חָדָ֑שׁ תְּ֝הִלָּת֗וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל חֲסִידִֽים׃ |
Praise the Lord, Sing a new song to the Lord, And his praise In the convocation of those under his grace. |
|
| Ps 149:2 | יִשְׂמַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל בְּעֹשָׂ֑יו בְּנֵֽי־צִ֝יּ֗וֹן יָגִ֥ילוּ בְמַלְכָּֽם׃ |
Let Israel rejoice in their maker; Let the sons of Zion rejoice in their king. |
their maker ← his makers. Collective use of his and a plural of majesty (makers). |
| Ps 149:3 | יְהַֽלְל֣וּ שְׁמ֣וֹ בְמָח֑וֹל בְּתֹ֥ף וְ֝כִנּ֗וֹר יְזַמְּרוּ־לֽוֹ׃ |
Let them praise his name with dancing; Let them make psalm melody to him with the drum and the harp. |
|
| Ps 149:4 | כִּֽי־רוֹצֶ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה בְּעַמּ֑וֹ יְפָאֵ֥ר עֲ֝נָוִ֗ים בִּישׁוּעָֽה׃ |
For the Lord delights in his people; He will adorn the meek with salvation. |
|
| Ps 149:5 | יַעְלְז֣וּ חֲסִידִ֣ים בְּכָב֑וֹד יְ֝רַנְּנ֗וּ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָֽם׃ |
Let those under his grace exult in glory; Let them shout out on their couches. |
|
| Ps 149:6 | רוֹמְמ֣וֹת אֵ֭ל בִּגְרוֹנָ֑ם וְחֶ֖רֶב פִּֽיפִיּ֣וֹת בְּיָדָֽם׃ |
Let there be extollings of God in their larynx, And a two-edged sword in their hand, |
|
| Ps 149:7 | לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת נְ֭קָמָה בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם תּֽ֝וֹכֵחֹ֗ת בַּל־אֻמִּֽים׃ |
To carry out vengeance on the nations, And punishment of the various peoples, |
punishment: or reproof. |
| Ps 149:8 | לֶאְסֹ֣ר מַלְכֵיהֶ֣ם בְּזִקִּ֑ים וְ֝נִכְבְּדֵיהֶ֗ם בְּכַבְלֵ֥י בַרְזֶֽל׃ |
To bind their kings in chains, And their honourable men in iron fetters |
|
| Ps 149:9 | לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת בָּהֶ֨ם ׀ מִשְׁפָּ֬ט כָּת֗וּב הָדָ֣ר ה֭וּא לְכָל־חֲסִידָ֗יו הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
– To execute on them the judgment written. This is splendour redounding on all those under his grace. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Ps 150:1 | הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ ׀ הַֽלְלוּ־אֵ֥ל בְּקָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בִּרְקִ֥יעַ עֻזּֽוֹ׃ |
Praise the Lord, Praise God in his sanctuary; Praise him in his strong expanse. |
his strong expanse ← the expanse of his strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Ps 150:2 | הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ בִגְבוּרֹתָ֑יו הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כְּרֹ֣ב גֻּדְלֽוֹ׃ |
Praise him for his mighty deeds; Praise him according to the magnitude of his greatness. |
|
| Ps 150:3 | הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ בְּתֵ֣קַע שׁוֹפָ֑ר הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בְּנֵ֣בֶל וְכִנּֽוֹר׃ |
Praise him with the blast of a ramshorn; Praise him with the lute and harp. |
|
| Ps 150:4 | הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ בְתֹ֣ף וּמָח֑וֹל הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בְּמִנִּ֥ים וְעוּגָֽב׃ |
Praise him with the drum and dancing; Praise him with stringed instruments and the flute. |
stringed instruments ← strings, but not one of the usual word for cords (מֵיתָר, חֶבֶל). |
| Ps 150:5 | הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ בְצִלְצְלֵי־שָׁ֑מַע הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בְּֽצִלְצְלֵ֥י תְרוּעָֽה׃ |
Praise him with resounding cymbals; Praise him with cymbals that ring out. |
resounding cymbals ... cymbals that ring out ← symbols of report ... cymbals of sounding out, Hebraic genitives. |
| Ps 150:6 | כֹּ֣ל הַ֭נְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּ֥ל יָ֗הּ הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Let everything that has breath praise the Lord. Praise the Lord. |
|
| Prov 1:1 | מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֑ד מֶ֝֗לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, the king of Israel, | |
| Prov 1:2 | לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר לְ֝הָבִ֗ין אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ |
For discerning wisdom and instruction, For understanding perspicacious sayings, |
perspicacious sayings ← sayings of perspicacity / understanding, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 1:3 | לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
For acquiring instruction in prudence, Righteousness, and judgment and uprightness, |
|
| Prov 1:4 | לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה לְ֝נַ֗עַר דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה׃ |
To give shrewdness to the gullible, And knowledge and thoughtfulness to the young man. |
|
| Prov 1:5 | יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה׃ |
The wise man will hear, And he will add to his learning, And the astute will acquire guidance, |
|
| Prov 1:6 | לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם׃ |
In understanding a proverb or an enigma – The words of the wise and their riddles. |
in understanding: gerundial use of the infinitive.
riddles: or parables. |
| Prov 1:7 | יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ׃ פ |
Fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge, But fools despise wisdom and instruction. |
|
| Prov 1:8 | שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃ |
My son, hear the correction of your father, And do not forsake the instruction of your mother, |
correction: or instruction.
instruction: or law. |
| Prov 1:9 | כִּ֤י ׀ לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
For they are a garland of grace for your head And a necklace around your neck. |
around your neck ← for your neck. |
| Prov 1:10 | בְּנִ֡י אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא׃ |
My son, if sinners entice you, Do not comply. |
|
| Prov 1:11 | אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮ לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה לְדָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה לְנָקִ֣י חִנָּֽם׃ |
If they say, “Come with us, Let's ambush for blood; Let's without moral concern lie hidden for the innocent. |
without moral concern ← for nothing, gratuitously. |
| Prov 1:12 | נִ֭בְלָעֵם כִּשְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ |
Let's swallow them up Like a grave for the living, And whole, Like those who go down into the pit. |
for the living ← of the living. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 1:13 | כָּל־ה֣וֹן יָקָ֣ר נִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣ינוּ שָׁלָֽל׃ |
We will find all sorts of valuable goods – We will fill our houses with booty. |
goods ← commodity; wealth. |
| Prov 1:14 | גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְכֻלָּֽנוּ׃ |
Cast your lot in with us; We will all have one purse”, |
|
| Prov 1:15 | בְּנִ֗י אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם׃ |
Then, my son, do not go that way with them. Keep your foot from their path, |
|
| Prov 1:16 | כִּ֣י רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם לָרַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ וִֽ֝ימַהֲר֗וּ לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּֽם׃ |
For their feet are running towards wrongdoing, And they are hastening to shed blood, |
|
| Prov 1:17 | כִּֽי־חִ֭נָּם מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת בְּ֝עֵינֵ֗י כָל־בַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף׃ |
For the net is spread without suspicion In the eyes of all fowl, |
without suspicion ← without (moral) concern from the perpetrator's perspective, but without suspicion from the victim's perspective here.
fowl ← owner of a wing. |
| Prov 1:18 | וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם׃ |
But they lie in wait for their own blood – They hide so as to take their own lives. |
The next verse explains this verse.
lives ← souls. |
| Prov 1:19 | כֵּ֗ן אָ֭רְחוֹת כָּל־בֹּ֣צֵֽעַ בָּ֑צַע אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח׃ פ |
Such are the paths of everyone who engages in robbery – It costs him his own life. |
engages in robbery ← plunders plunder.
it costs him his own life ← it takes the soul of its owners. |
| Prov 1:20 | חָ֭כְמוֹת בַּח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ׃ |
Wisdom cries out in the open; In the streets it raises its voice. |
raises ← gives. |
| Prov 1:21 | בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר׃ |
It calls out at the centre of public life; At the city's gate entrance, it delivers its discourse And says, |
centre ← head.
public life ← bustling. delivers ← says. |
| Prov 1:22 | עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְלֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת׃ |
“How long, you gullible people, will you love gullibility? And the mockers have made mockery their delight, While fools detest knowledge. |
while: wider use of the vav. |
| Prov 1:23 | תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ |
Return to my reproof. Look, let me pour out my spirit on you; Let me make my arguments known to you, |
on you ← to you.
arguments ← words. |
| Prov 1:24 | יַ֣עַן קָ֭רָאתִי וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י וְאֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב׃ |
Because I have called out, But you have refused. I have extended my hand, But no-one has paid attention, |
|
| Prov 1:25 | וַתִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם׃ |
And you have neglected all my advice, And you have declined my reproof. |
declined ← not wanted. |
| Prov 1:26 | גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם׃ |
I for my part will laugh at your downfall; I will mock When fear due to you arrives. |
for my part ← also, but with wider scope.
fear due to you ← your fear, a subjective genitive (when you fear). |
| Prov 1:27 | בְּבֹ֤א *כשאוה **כְשׁוֹאָ֨ה ׀ פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭אֵידְכֶם כְּסוּפָ֣ה יֶאֱתֶ֑ה בְּבֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה׃ |
When fear on you arrives like {K: a tempest} [Q: destruction], And your downfall comes like a whirlwind – When distress and trouble come over you – |
fear on you ← your fear, a subjective genitive (when you fear). |
| Prov 1:28 | אָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי וְלֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי׃ |
Then they will call on me, But I will not answer; They will seek me diligently, But they will not find me, |
they: a change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew.
diligently ← early, but metaphorically for diligently. |
| Prov 1:29 | תַּ֭חַת כִּי־שָׂ֣נְאוּ דָ֑עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה לֹ֣א בָחָֽרוּ׃ |
Because they detested knowledge, And they did not choose fear of the Lord. |
|
| Prov 1:30 | לֹא־אָב֥וּ לַעֲצָתִ֑י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי׃ |
They did not want my advice; They despised all my reproof. |
|
| Prov 1:31 | וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃ |
So they will eat the fruit of their way And be satiated with their own counsels, |
so: consecutive (result) use of the vav.
the fruit ← from the fruit. |
| Prov 1:32 | כִּ֤י מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑ם וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם׃ |
For the apostasy of the gullible will kill them, And the disregard of fools will destroy them. |
|
| Prov 1:33 | וְשֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ לִ֭י יִשְׁכָּן־בֶּ֑טַח וְ֝שַׁאֲנַ֗ן מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה׃ פ |
But he who hears me will dwell in security And will be sheltered from fear of harm.” |
sheltered ← at ease. |
| Prov 2:1 | בְּ֭נִי אִם־תִּקַּ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
My son, if you accept my sayings, And treasure up my commandments with you, |
if: the apodosis is in verse 5. |
| Prov 2:2 | לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽחָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
By your ear paying heed to wisdom, And if you incline your heart to understanding |
your ear: we take this as the subject of the verb. AV differs, but the resultant sense is similar. |
| Prov 2:3 | כִּ֤י אִ֣ם לַבִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ׃ |
– Indeed, if you call out for discernment, And if you devote your voice to asking for understanding, |
|
| Prov 2:4 | אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה׃ |
If you seek it like silver, And search for it like hidden treasure, |
|
| Prov 2:5 | אָ֗ז תָּ֭בִין יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא׃ |
Then you will understand the fear of the Lord And find knowledge of God. |
|
| Prov 2:6 | כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה מִ֝פִּ֗יו דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה׃ |
For the Lord will give wisdom; Knowledge and understanding come from his mouth. |
|
| Prov 2:7 | *וצפן **יִצְפֹּ֣ן לַ֭יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה מָ֝גֵ֗ן לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם׃ |
{K: And} [Q: And] he will store up resourcefulness for the upright. He is a shield to those who walk in integrity, |
The ketiv is preceded by a conjunctive vav, which is a preformative yod in the qeré, changing the tense / aspect / perspective. The meanings are essentially the same here. |
| Prov 2:8 | לִ֭נְצֹר אָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְדֶ֖רֶךְ *חסידו **חֲסִידָ֣יו יִשְׁמֹֽר׃ |
By maintaining paths of justice; He keeps the way of {Q: those} [K: him] under his grace. |
By maintaining: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Prov 2:9 | אָ֗ז תָּ֭בִין צֶ֣דֶק וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝מֵישָׁרִ֗ים כָּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב׃ |
And then you will understand righteousness and justice, And uprightness – every good path. |
|
| Prov 2:10 | כִּֽי־תָב֣וֹא חָכְמָ֣ה בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝דַ֗עַת לְֽנַפְשְׁךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם׃ |
For wisdom will enter your heart, And knowledge will be a delight to your being. |
your being ← your soul. |
| Prov 2:11 | מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה׃ |
Thoughtfulness will guard you; Understanding will protect you, |
|
| Prov 2:12 | לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ מְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃ |
In saving you from the way of the wicked – From the man speaking subversive things |
in saving: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Prov 2:13 | הַ֭עֹ֣זְבִים אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
– From those who leave upright paths To walk in paths of darkness |
upright paths ← paths of uprightness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 2:14 | הַ֭שְּׂמֵחִים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָ֑ע יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ בְּֽתַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע׃ |
– From those who take pleasure in doing evil, And rejoice in the subversive ways of evil, |
take pleasure ← (are) happy.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. the subversive ways ← subversivenesses. |
| Prov 2:15 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם׃ |
Whose ways are perverse, And who are devious in their paths, |
|
| Prov 2:16 | לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה׃ |
And by saving you from the stranger-woman – From the foreign lady who flatters with her talk, |
by saving: gerundial use of the infinitive.
talk ← sayings. |
| Prov 2:17 | הַ֭עֹזֶבֶת אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ וְאֶת־בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣יהָ שָׁכֵֽחָה׃ |
Who leaves the mentor of her youth And forgets the covenant of her God, |
|
| Prov 2:18 | כִּ֤י שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
For she has sunk into what brings the death of her household, And her paths lead to the Rephaim. |
she has sunk: we take the verb as feminine past from שׁוּחַ, as do [AnLx] and MT. AV differs, ignoring MT's munach, taking the verb as masculine, from שָׁחָה, but the net result is similar.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead). |
| Prov 2:19 | כָּל־בָּ֭אֶיהָ לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּן וְלֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים׃ |
None who come to her return, And they do not attain to the paths of life. |
|
| Prov 2:20 | לְמַ֗עַן תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ |
My sayings are so that you may walk in the way of the good, And keep to the paths of the righteous, |
|
| Prov 2:21 | כִּֽי־יְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ׃ |
For the upright will dwell in the land, And those with integrity will remain in it, |
in the land ← on the earth. |
| Prov 2:22 | וּ֭רְשָׁעִים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים יִסְּח֥וּ מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ פ |
But the wicked will be cut off from the land, And the treacherous will be wrenched out of it. |
will be wrenched out: as qal of נָסַח, this is avoidance of the passive, from they will wrench out. Alternatively, re-point as niphal of סָחָה, so יִסָּחוּ, they will be swept away. |
| Prov 3:1 | בְּ֭נִי תּוֹרָתִ֣י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
My son, do not forget my instruction, And let your heart keep my commandments, |
instruction: or law. |
| Prov 3:2 | כִּ֤י אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ׃ |
For they will add length of days And years of life And peace to you. |
|
| Prov 3:3 | חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
Do not let kindness and truth leave you. Bind them around your neck; Write them on the tablet of your heart, |
|
| Prov 3:4 | וּמְצָא־חֵ֖ן וְשֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב בְּעֵינֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים וְאָדָֽם׃ פ |
And find grace and recognition of sound intellect In the eyes of God and man. |
Alluded to in Rom 12:17. |
| Prov 3:5 | בְּטַ֣ח אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בְּכָל־לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְאֶל־בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗ אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵֽן׃ |
Trust in the Lord with all your heart, And do not rely on your own understanding. |
|
| Prov 3:6 | בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ דָעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
In all your ways acknowledge him, And he will direct your paths. |
|
| Prov 3:7 | אַל־תְּהִ֣י חָכָ֣ם בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ יְרָ֥א אֶת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃ |
Do not be wise in your own eyes; Fear the Lord, And depart from evil. |
Rom 12:16. |
| Prov 3:8 | רִ֭פְאוּת תְּהִ֣י לְשָׁרֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Let healing come to your sinews, And refreshment to your bones. |
come ← become.
sinews ← sinew. AV differs (navel) (compare Ezek 16:4). refreshment: AV differs (marrow). |
| Prov 3:9 | כַּבֵּ֣ד אֶת־יְ֭הוָה מֵהוֹנֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מֵרֵאשִׁ֗ית כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Honour the Lord with a portion of your wealth, And with the firstfruits of all your produce, |
|
| Prov 3:10 | וְיִמָּלְא֣וּ אֲסָמֶ֣יךָ שָׂבָ֑ע וְ֝תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥יךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ׃ פ |
And your storehouses will be filled in abundance So that your wine vats will overflow with new wine. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Prov 3:11 | מוּסַ֣ר יְ֭הוָה בְּנִ֣י אַל־תִּמְאָ֑ס וְאַל־תָּ֝קֹ֗ץ בְּתוֹכַחְתּֽוֹ׃ |
My son, do not reject the Lord's correction, And do not be averse to his reproof, |
Heb 12:5.
Compare this verse with Job 5:17. |
| Prov 3:12 | כִּ֤י אֶ֥ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶאֱהַ֣ב יְהוָ֣ה יוֹכִ֑יחַ וּ֝כְאָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה׃ |
For the Lord reproves those he loves, Just as a father does with a son in whom he delights. |
Heb 12:6, Rev 3:19, adapted.
just as ← and as. |
| Prov 3:13 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
Happy is the man who has found wisdom, And the man who obtains understanding, |
|
| Prov 3:14 | כִּ֤י ט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ׃ |
For its value is greater than the value of silver, And its yield is greater than that of gold. |
value (2x) ← profitability. |
| Prov 3:15 | יְקָ֣רָה הִ֭יא *מפניים **מִפְּנִינִ֑ים וְכָל־חֲ֝פָצֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִֽשְׁווּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
It is more precious than red corals, And none of your material desires can be compared to it. |
red corals: or pearls, but see Lam 4:7. The ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Prov 3:16 | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר וְכָבֽוֹד׃ |
Length of days is in its right hand, And in its left hand are wealth and honour. |
|
| Prov 3:17 | דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽכָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם׃ |
Its ways are pleasant ways, And all its paths are peaceable. |
pleasant ways ← ways of pleasantness, a Hebraic genitive.
peaceable ← peace. |
| Prov 3:18 | עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים הִ֭יא לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ מְאֻשָּֽׁר׃ פ |
It is a tree of life to those who take hold of it, And each of those who obtain it is content. |
each ... is content: from the plural verb with a singular participial complement. |
| Prov 3:19 | יְֽהוָ֗ה בְּחָכְמָ֥ה יָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ כּוֹנֵ֥ן שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם בִּתְבוּנָֽה׃ |
The Lord founded the earth in wisdom; He established the heavens with competence. |
|
| Prov 3:20 | בְּ֭דַעְתּוֹ תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת נִבְקָ֑עוּ וּ֝שְׁחָקִ֗ים יִרְעֲפוּ־טָֽל׃ |
By his knowledge, the oceans were split open, And the skies now distil dew. |
|
| Prov 3:21 | בְּ֭נִי אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּמְזִמָּֽה׃ |
My son, do not let them go out of your sight; Guard resourcefulness and thoughtfulness, |
them: possible references: kindness and truth (v.3), wisdom and competence (v.19, but ascribed to the Lord), resourcefulness and competence (this verse). The ↴
sight ← eyes. |
| Prov 3:22 | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ חַיִּ֣ים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְ֝חֵ֗ן לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
And your being will have life, And your neck will have grace. |
↳ latter two are discordant in gender (acceptable in Hebrew).
being ← soul. |
| Prov 3:23 | אָ֤ז תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לָבֶ֣טַח דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝רַגְלְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִגּֽוֹף׃ |
Then you will walk in your way safely, And your foot will not strike anything. |
your foot will not strike: or you will not strike your foot. |
| Prov 3:24 | אִם־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב לֹֽא־תִפְחָ֑ד וְ֝שָׁכַבְתָּ֗ וְֽעָרְבָ֥ה שְׁנָתֶֽךָ׃ |
When you lie down, you will not fear. So you will lie down, and your sleep will be sweet. |
|
| Prov 3:25 | אַל־תִּ֭ירָא מִפַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹ֑ם וּמִשֹּׁאַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים כִּ֣י תָבֹֽא׃ |
Do not be afraid of a sudden terror Or of the destructive action of the wicked When it comes about. |
|
| Prov 3:26 | כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יִהְיֶ֣ה בְכִסְלֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מִלָּֽכֶד׃ |
For the Lord will be in your inward parts, And he will keep your foot from becoming caught. |
in your inward parts: AV differs (thy confidence), which is perhaps the metaphorical sense, but it does not account for the בְּ (in). The word can also mean stupidity.
becoming caught ← capture. |
| Prov 3:27 | אַל־תִּמְנַע־ט֥וֹב מִבְּעָלָ֑יו בִּהְי֨וֹת לְאֵ֖ל *ידיך **יָדְךָ֣ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ |
Do not deny what is good To those to whom it is appropriate, When it is within your means to do it. |
your means ← the power of your hands (ketiv), or your hand (qeré).
deny ← withhold. those to whom it is appropriate ← its proprietors (apPROPRiate / PROPRietors). |
| Prov 3:28 | אַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר *לרעיך **לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨ ׀ לֵ֣ךְ וָ֭שׁוּב וּמָחָ֥ר אֶתֵּ֗ן וְיֵ֣שׁ אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
Do not say to your {Q: neighbour} [K: neighbours], “Go, and come back, And tomorrow I will give you something”, When you have the means. |
|
| Prov 3:29 | אַל־תַּחֲרֹ֣שׁ עַל־רֵעֲךָ֣ רָעָ֑ה וְהֽוּא־יוֹשֵׁ֖ב לָבֶ֣טַח אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
Do not devise evil against your neighbour Who lives safely alongside you. |
alongside ← with. |
| Prov 3:30 | אַל־*תרוב **תָּרִ֣יב עִם־אָדָ֣ם חִנָּ֑ם אִם־לֹ֖א גְמָלְךָ֣ רָעָֽה׃ |
Do not contend with a man gratuitously, If he has not caused you any harm. |
contend: the ketiv is a variant of the qeré. A vav / yod issue.
caused ← requited. |
| Prov 3:31 | אַל־תְּ֭קַנֵּא בְּאִ֣ישׁ חָמָ֑ס וְאַל־תִּ֝בְחַ֗ר בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיו׃ |
Do not be envious of a man of violence, And do not choose any of his ways, |
any ← all. |
| Prov 3:32 | כִּ֤י תוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה נָל֑וֹז וְֽאֶת־יְשָׁרִ֥ים סוֹדֽוֹ׃ |
For the devious man is an abomination to the Lord, But his secret is with the upright. |
|
| Prov 3:33 | מְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה בְּבֵ֣ית רָשָׁ֑ע וּנְוֵ֖ה צַדִּיקִ֣ים יְבָרֵֽךְ׃ |
The Lord's curse is on the house of the wicked, But he blesses the abode of the righteous. |
|
| Prov 3:34 | אִם־לַלֵּצִ֥ים הֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ *ולעניים **וְ֝לַעֲנָוִ֗ים יִתֶּן־חֵֽן׃ |
Whereas he will mock the mockers, He will give grace to the {Q: meek} [K: poor]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue.
1 Pet 5:5, James 4:6. |
| Prov 3:35 | כָּ֭בוֹד חֲכָמִ֣ים יִנְחָ֑לוּ וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים מֵרִ֥ים קָלֽוֹן׃ פ |
The wise will inherit honour, But contempt will show up fools. |
will show up ← raises up, so holds up to view (as contemptible). It is in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Prov 4:1 | שִׁמְע֣וּ בָ֭נִים מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב וְ֝הַקְשִׁ֗יבוּ לָדַ֥עַת בִּינָֽה׃ |
You sons, hear the father's correction, And pay attention to knowing understanding, |
|
| Prov 4:2 | כִּ֤י לֶ֣קַח ט֭וֹב נָתַ֣תִּי לָכֶ֑ם תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ׃ |
For I give you good learning. Do not forsake my instruction, |
instruction: or law. |
| Prov 4:3 | כִּי־בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְאָבִ֑י רַ֥ךְ וְ֝יָחִ֗יד לִפְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי׃ |
For I was a son to my father, And tender and special in my mother's eyes. |
in my mother's eyes ← before my mother, or, more literally, to the face of my mother. |
| Prov 4:4 | וַיֹּרֵ֗נִי וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֗י יִֽתְמָךְ־דְּבָרַ֥י לִבֶּ֑ךָ שְׁמֹ֖ר מִצְוֺתַ֣י וֶֽחְיֵֽה׃ |
And he taught me, and he said to me, “Let your heart take hold of my words; Keep my commandments and live. |
take hold of: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| Prov 4:5 | קְנֵ֣ה חָ֭כְמָה קְנֵ֣ה בִינָ֑ה אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
Acquire wisdom, acquire understanding; Do not forget, And do not turn aside from the sayings Which I utter. |
which I utter ← of my mouth. |
| Prov 4:6 | אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥הָ וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ׃ |
Do not forsake it, And it will keep you; Love it, And it will guard you. |
|
| Prov 4:7 | רֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה קְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה וּבְכָל־קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה׃ |
The prime thing is wisdom. Acquire wisdom, And among all your acquisitions, Acquire understanding. |
|
| Prov 4:8 | סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה׃ |
Extol it, And it will exalt you; It will honour you If you embrace it. |
|
| Prov 4:9 | תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ׃ |
It will give a garland of grace to your head; It will endow you with a crown of glory.” |
|
| Prov 4:10 | שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי וְקַ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וְיִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים׃ |
Hear, my son, and receive my sayings, And your years of life will be many. |
|
| Prov 4:11 | בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה הֹרֵתִ֑יךָ הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר׃ |
I have instructed you in the way of wisdom; I have guided you onto straight paths. |
straight paths ← paths of straightness, a Hebraic genitive. As opposed to crooked paths. |
| Prov 4:12 | בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל׃ |
As you walk, Your step will not be in a strait, And if you run, You will not stumble. |
|
| Prov 4:13 | הַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּמּוּסָ֣ר אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף נִ֝צְּרֶ֗הָ כִּי־הִ֥יא חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Take hold of correction; Do not let go of it. Guard it, For it is your life. |
|
| Prov 4:14 | בְּאֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל־תָּבֹ֑א וְאַל־תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים׃ |
Do not go onto the path of the wicked, And do not proceed on the way of the evil. |
|
| Prov 4:15 | פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וַעֲבֽוֹר׃ |
Avoid it, Do not cross over to it; Turn aside from it, And pass by. |
avoid it: i.e. avoid that path.
from ← from on. |
| Prov 4:16 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם־לֹ֥א *יכשולו **יַכְשִֽׁילוּ׃ |
For they cannot sleep Unless they act wickedly. And their sleep eludes them Unless they {Q: cause others to stumble} [K: stumble]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
eludes them ← is taken away. |
| Prov 4:17 | כִּ֣י לָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְיֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ |
For they eat bread of wickedness And drink wine of violence. |
|
| Prov 4:18 | וְאֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
But the way of the righteous is like a shining light; It shines more and more Until reaching its zenith. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
a shining light ← a light of brightness, a Hebraic genitive. its zenith ← the established day. [AnLx]= full noon. |
| Prov 4:19 | דֶּ֣רֶךְ רְ֭שָׁעִים כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃ פ |
The way of the wicked is like thick darkness; They don't know what they are stumbling on. |
|
| Prov 4:20 | בְּ֭נִי לִדְבָרַ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לַ֝אֲמָרַ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ |
My son, pay attention to my words; Incline your ear to my sayings. |
|
| Prov 4:21 | אַל־יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ׃ |
Do not let them go out of your sight; Keep them inside your heart. |
|
| Prov 4:22 | כִּֽי־חַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם וּֽלְכָל־בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא׃ |
For they are life to those who find them And healing to all one's flesh. |
|
| Prov 4:23 | מִֽכָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר נְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים׃ |
Guard your heart most rigorously, For from it are the ways out to life. |
guard ... most rigorously ← guard ... with all keeping.
ways out to life ← ways out of life. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 4:24 | הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
Rid yourself of perverse speech, And distance yourself from wayward talk. |
rid yourself of perverse speech ← remove from you perverseness of mouth.
distance yourself from wayward talk ← distance waywardness of lips from yourself. |
| Prov 4:25 | עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
Let your eyes look straight on, And let your eyelids point straight in front of you. |
|
| Prov 4:26 | פַּ֭לֵּס מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ וְֽכָל־דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ יִכֹּֽנוּ׃ |
Weigh up the path of your feet, And let all your ways be steadfast. |
weigh up: or make level, but see Prov 5:6 (considering).
feet ← foot. |
| Prov 4:27 | אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מֵרָֽע׃ |
Do not deviate to the right or left; Move your feet away from evil. |
feet ← foot. |
| Prov 5:1 | בְּ֭נִי לְחָכְמָתִ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ |
My son, pay attention to my wisdom; Incline your ear to my understanding, |
|
| Prov 5:2 | לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְזִמּ֑וֹת וְ֝דַ֗עַת שְׂפָתֶ֥יךָ יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃ |
In observing thoughtfulness, So that your lips are in keeping with knowledge. |
in observing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
so that: wider use of the vav. are in keeping with ← keep. |
| Prov 5:3 | כִּ֤י נֹ֣פֶת תִּ֭טֹּפְנָה שִׂפְתֵ֣י זָרָ֑ה וְחָלָ֖ק מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן חִכָּֽהּ׃ |
For the lips of a stranger-woman will drip honey, And the savour of her is smoother than oil. |
drip: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
the savour of her ← her palate, an objective genitive ↴ |
| Prov 5:4 | וְֽ֭אַחֲרִיתָהּ מָרָ֣ה כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת׃ |
But her end is as bitter as wormwood And as sharp as a two-edged sword. |
↳ (the son savours her). AV differs (her mouth is ...), also possible. |
| Prov 5:5 | רַ֭גְלֶיהָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥יהָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ׃ |
Her feet descend to death; Her steps conduct her to the grave. |
conduct her to ← lay hold of (the path to). |
| Prov 5:6 | אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס נָע֥וּ מַ֝עְגְּלֹתֶ֗יהָ לֹ֣א תֵדָֽע׃ פ |
Beware of even considering her way of life; Her ways are changeable in a way you cannot predict. |
beware of ← lest you.
predict ← know. |
| Prov 5:7 | וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
So now, my sons, hear me, And do not depart from the sayings I have uttered. |
I have uttered ← of my mouth. |
| Prov 5:8 | הַרְחֵ֣ק מֵעָלֶ֣יהָ דַרְכֶּ֑ךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝קְרַ֗ב אֶל־פֶּ֥תַח בֵּיתָֽהּ׃ |
Keep your ways well clear of her, And do not approach the door of her house |
ways ← way.
well clear of ← distant from. |
| Prov 5:9 | פֶּן־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַאֲחֵרִ֣ים הוֹדֶ֑ךָ וּ֝שְׁנֹתֶ֗יךָ לְאַכְזָרִֽי׃ |
In case you give your high standing to others And your years to the cruel one |
high standing ← majesty. |
| Prov 5:10 | פֶּֽן־יִשְׂבְּע֣וּ זָרִ֣ים כֹּחֶ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲצָבֶ֗יךָ בְּבֵ֣ית נָכְרִֽי׃ |
– In case strangers satiate themselves with your wealth, And your hard work goes to a foreigner's house, |
satiate themselves ← become satiated.
wealth ← strength, power. |
| Prov 5:11 | וְנָהַמְתָּ֥ בְאַחֲרִיתֶ֑ךָ בִּכְל֥וֹת בְּ֝שָׂרְךָ֗ וּשְׁאֵרֶֽךָ׃ |
And in your last days you groan, As your flesh and your body are consumed, |
|
| Prov 5:12 | וְֽאָמַרְתָּ֗ אֵ֭יךְ שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת נָאַ֥ץ לִבִּֽי׃ |
And you say, “How I have hated correction, And how my heart has despised reproof. |
|
| Prov 5:13 | וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּק֣וֹל מוֹרָ֑י וְ֝לִֽמְלַמְּדַ֗י לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽי׃ |
And I have not heeded the appeal of my teachers, And I have not inclined my ear to my instructors. |
appeal ← voice, sound. |
| Prov 5:14 | כִּ֭מְעַט הָיִ֣יתִי בְכָל־רָ֑ע בְּת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל וְעֵדָֽה׃ |
I soon came into all kinds of trouble In the midst of the convocation and the congregation.” |
soon: AV differs (almost), an alternative which seems less likely in this context. |
| Prov 5:15 | שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ׃ |
Drink water from your own cistern, And liquid from your own well. |
|
| Prov 5:16 | יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם׃ |
Your water-sources could spread outside – Streams of water in the open areas – |
could spread outside: AV differs (let ... be dispersed abroad). |
| Prov 5:17 | יִֽהְיוּ־לְךָ֥ לְבַדֶּ֑ךָ וְאֵ֖ין לְזָרִ֣ים אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
But let them be for you alone, And not for the strangers who are with you. |
|
| Prov 5:18 | יְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ וּ֝שְׂמַ֗ח מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶֽךָ׃ |
May your water-source be blessed, And rejoice in the wife of your youth |
water-source: figurative for wife [CB], [BDB]. |
| Prov 5:19 | אַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים וְֽיַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן דַּ֭דֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּ֣ךָ בְכָל־עֵ֑ת בְּ֝אַהֲבָתָ֗הּ תִּשְׁגֶּ֥ה תָמִֽיד׃ |
– The lovable hind Or the graceful wild she-goat, Whose breasts will delight you at all times, In whose love you will always indulge yourself. |
lovable hind ... graceful wild she-goat ← hind of loveliness ... wild she-goat of grace, Hebraic genitives.
delight ← satiate. indulge yourself ← wander. [BDB]= swerve; be intoxicated. |
| Prov 5:20 | וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ |
So why, my son, should you indulge yourself in a stranger-woman And embrace a foreign lady's bosom? |
indulge yourself: see Prov 5:19. |
| Prov 5:21 | כִּ֤י נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכָל־מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו מְפַלֵּֽס׃ |
For the ways of a man are before the eyes of the Lord, And he weighs up all of a man's paths. |
|
| Prov 5:22 | עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ׃ |
The iniquities of the wicked man will catch him, And he will be caught up in the strands of his sin. |
the iniquities of the wicked man will catch him ← his iniquities will catch him, the wicked (man). |
| Prov 5:23 | ה֗וּא יָ֭מוּת בְּאֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ יִשְׁגֶּֽה׃ פ |
He will die not having accepted instruction, And he will go astray in the great extent of his foolishness. |
|
| Prov 6:1 | בְּ֭נִי אִם־עָרַ֣בְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ תָּקַ֖עְתָּ לַזָּ֣ר כַּפֶּֽיךָ׃ |
My son, if you provide security for your neighbour, If you strike a deal with a stranger, |
strike a deal ← strike your hand, i.e., in western culture, shake hands (on a deal). |
| Prov 6:2 | נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
If you are ensnared with the sayings you utter, If by the sayings you utter you are caught, |
you utter (2x) ← of your mouth. |
| Prov 6:3 | עֲשֵׂ֨ה זֹ֥את אֵפ֪וֹא ׀ בְּנִ֡י וְֽהִנָּצֵ֗ל כִּ֘י בָ֤אתָ בְכַף־רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֵ֥ךְ הִ֝תְרַפֵּ֗ס וּרְהַ֥ב רֵעֶֽיךָ׃ |
Then do this, my son, to extricate yourself: When you have come into your neighbour's grip, Go and humble yourself, And act firmly with your neighbour. |
grip ← palm. |
| Prov 6:4 | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Do not allow your eyes to sleep, Or your eyelids to slumber. |
allow your eyes to sleep ← give sleep to your eyes. |
| Prov 6:5 | הִ֭נָּצֵל כִּצְבִ֣י מִיָּ֑ד וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר מִיַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ׃ פ |
Free yourself like a gazelle from the grip of the predator, And like a bird from the hand of the fowler. |
grip ← hand. |
| Prov 6:6 | לֵֽךְ־אֶל־נְמָלָ֥ה עָצֵ֑ל רְאֵ֖ה דְרָכֶ֣יהָ וַחֲכָֽם׃ |
Go to the ant, You who are lazy; Observe its ways, And become wise. |
|
| Prov 6:7 | אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ קָצִ֗ין שֹׁטֵ֥ר וּמֹשֵֽׁל׃ |
It does not have a superintendent, Or overseer, or ruler, |
|
| Prov 6:8 | תָּכִ֣ין בַּקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר מַאֲכָלָֽהּ׃ |
As it stocks up its food in the summer And stores its provisions in the harvest season. |
stocks up ← sets up; prepares.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 6:9 | עַד־מָתַ֖י עָצֵ֥ל ׀ תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב מָ֝תַ֗י תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ׃ |
How long, you who are lazy, Will you lie down? When will you get up from your sleep? |
|
| Prov 6:10 | מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב׃ |
After a little sleep, A little slumber, A little folding the arms To lie down, |
|
| Prov 6:11 | וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן׃ פ |
Poverty comes on you like a vagrant, And shortage like a man with a shield. |
poverty comes on you ← your poverty comes. |
| Prov 6:12 | אָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ עִקְּשׁ֥וּת פֶּֽה׃ |
An iniquitous person is a worthless man; He walks with perverse speech. |
We take this verse as starting with the predicate, not the subject. Compare Prov 6:23. AV differs.
perverse speech ← perversity of mouth. |
| Prov 6:13 | קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃ |
He winks with his eyes, He speaks with his feet; He points with his fingers. |
|
| Prov 6:14 | תַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת *מדנים **מִדְיָנִ֥ים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃ |
Subversive things are in his heart; He devises evil all the time. He sows discord, |
discord ← discords. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. The ketiv is used in Prov 6:19.
sows ← sends. |
| Prov 6:15 | עַל־כֵּ֗ן פִּ֭תְאֹם יָב֣וֹא אֵיד֑וֹ פֶּ֥תַע יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר וְאֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃ פ |
Which is why his downfall will suddenly come; Suddenly he will be broken without remedy. |
|
| Prov 6:16 | שֶׁשׁ־הֵ֭נָּה שָׂנֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝שֶׁ֗בַע *תועבות **תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
The Lord hates these six things, And seven are {Q: an abomination} [K: abominations] to his being: |
hates: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
being ← soul. |
| Prov 6:17 | עֵינַ֣יִם רָ֭מוֹת לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר וְ֝יָדַ֗יִם שֹׁפְכ֥וֹת דָּם־נָקִֽי׃ |
Haughty eyes, a lying tongue, And hands which shed innocent blood; |
|
| Prov 6:18 | לֵ֗ב חֹ֭רֵשׁ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֑וֶן רַגְלַ֥יִם מְ֝מַהֲר֗וֹת לָר֥וּץ לָֽרָעָה׃ |
A heart which devises vain thoughts, Feet which are quick to run to wrongdoing, |
|
| Prov 6:19 | יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים בֵּ֣ין אַחִֽים׃ פ |
A false witness who belches out lies, And he who sows discord among brothers. |
belches out ← puffs out. |
| Prov 6:20 | נְצֹ֣ר בְּ֭נִי מִצְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃ |
My son, keep your father's commandment, And do not forsake your mother's instruction. |
instruction ← law. |
| Prov 6:21 | קָשְׁרֵ֣ם עַל־לִבְּךָ֣ תָמִ֑יד עָ֝נְדֵ֗ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ׃ |
Bind them onto your heart at all times; Tie them round your neck. |
round your neck ← at your neck. |
| Prov 6:22 | בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ֨ ׀ תַּנְחֶ֬ה אֹתָ֗ךְ בְּֽ֭שָׁכְבְּךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר עָלֶ֑יךָ וַ֝הֲקִיצ֗וֹתָ הִ֣יא תְשִׂיחֶֽךָ׃ |
As you walk around, Let it lead you; When you lie down, It will guard you. When you awaken, It will commune with you. |
|
| Prov 6:23 | כִּ֤י נֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה וְת֣וֹרָה א֑וֹר וְדֶ֥רֶךְ חַ֝יִּ֗ים תּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר׃ |
For the commandment is a lamp, And the law is light, And the reproofs in correction are the way of life, |
The first and third clauses in this verse are of the predicate-subject word order type. |
| Prov 6:24 | לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ מֵאֵ֣שֶׁת רָ֑ע מֵֽ֝חֶלְקַ֗ת לָשׁ֥וֹן נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ |
In keeping you from an evil woman – From the flattery of an exotic tongue. |
in keeping: gerundial use of the infinitive.
an evil woman ← a woman of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 6:25 | אַל־תַּחְמֹ֣ד יָ֭פְיָהּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝קָּֽחֲךָ֗ בְּעַפְעַפֶּֽיהָ׃ |
Do not desire her beauty in your heart, And do not let her captivate you with her eyelids, |
|
| Prov 6:26 | כִּ֤י בְעַד־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֗ה עַֽד־כִּכַּ֫ר לָ֥חֶם וְאֵ֥שֶׁת אִ֑ישׁ נֶ֖פֶשׁ יְקָרָ֣ה תָצֽוּד׃ פ |
Because going after a prostitute Will lead to forfeiture of everything up to a loaf of bread, And another man's wife will hunt one's precious life. |
life ← soul. |
| Prov 6:27 | הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה׃ |
Can a man gather up fire in his bosom Without his clothes being burnt? |
|
| Prov 6:28 | אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה׃ |
Can a man walk on burning coals And his feet not be seared? |
|
| Prov 6:29 | כֵּ֗ן הַ֭בָּא אֶל־אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֑הוּ לֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה כָּֽל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּֽהּ׃ |
Such is he who goes to his neighbour's wife; No-one who touches her will be held guiltless. |
no-one ← all ... will not.
touches: or meddles with. |
| Prov 6:30 | לֹא־יָב֣וּזוּ לַ֭גַּנָּב כִּ֣י יִגְנ֑וֹב לְמַלֵּ֥א נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ כִּ֣י יִרְעָֽב׃ |
A thief may not be despised if he steals To fill himself when he is hungry, |
a thief may not be despised ← they may not despise a thief. Avoidance of the passive.
himself ← his soul. |
| Prov 6:31 | וְ֭נִמְצָא יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם אֶת־כָּל־ה֖וֹן בֵּית֣וֹ יִתֵּֽן׃ |
But if he is caught, He shall repay seven times over – He may have to give all the assets of his household. |
caught ← found. |
| Prov 6:32 | נֹאֵ֣ף אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה׃ |
He who commits adultery with a woman is weak-minded; He who does it ruins himself. |
weak-minded ← lacking heart.
himself ← his soul. |
| Prov 6:33 | נֶֽגַע־וְקָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה׃ |
He will encounter adversity and shame, And his reproach will not be wiped out, |
his reproach: an objective genitive (they reproach him). |
| Prov 6:34 | כִּֽי־קִנְאָ֥ה חֲמַת־גָּ֑בֶר וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל בְּי֣וֹם נָקָֽם׃ |
For a man's fury derives from jealousy, And he will not show pity on the day of vengeance. |
|
| Prov 6:35 | לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא פְּנֵ֣י כָל־כֹּ֑פֶר וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה כִּ֣י תַרְבֶּה־שֹֽׁחַד׃ פ |
He will not accept any payment of damages; He will not become amenable Even if you make the gift large. |
accept ← lift, take.
any ← all. damages ← a ransom. become amenable ← be willing. |
| Prov 7:1 | בְּ֭נִי שְׁמֹ֣ר אֲמָרָ֑י וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
My son, keep my sayings, And treasure up my commandments with you. |
|
| Prov 7:2 | שְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֺתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ |
Keep my commandments and live, And my instruction like the apple of your eye. |
instruction ← law.
apple of your eye ← pupil of your eyes. |
| Prov 7:3 | קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
Bind them to your fingers; Write them on the tablet of your heart. |
|
| Prov 7:4 | אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא׃ |
Say to wisdom, “You are my sister”, And call understanding your acquaintance, |
|
| Prov 7:5 | לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה׃ |
To guard you from a stranger-woman – From a foreign lady who flatters with her talk. |
talk ← sayings. |
| Prov 7:6 | כִּ֭י בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י בְּעַ֖ד אֶשְׁנַבִּ֣י נִשְׁקָֽפְתִּי׃ |
For at the window of my house, Through the lattice window, I peered out, |
|
| Prov 7:7 | וָאֵ֤רֶא בַפְּתָאיִ֗ם אָ֘בִ֤ינָה בַבָּנִ֗ים נַ֣עַר חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃ |
And I looked among the gullible, And I discerned among the sons a weak-minded young man, |
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 7:8 | עֹבֵ֣ר בַּ֭שּׁוּק אֵ֣צֶל פִּנָּ֑הּ וְדֶ֖רֶךְ בֵּיתָ֣הּ יִצְעָֽד׃ |
Crossing the street at her corner, And striding down the way to her house. |
|
| Prov 7:9 | בְּנֶֽשֶׁף־בְּעֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַאֲפֵלָֽה׃ |
In the darkness at the end of the day, In the dead of night and thick darkness, |
darkness (first occurrence in verse): AV differs (twilight). See [CB] at 1 Sam 30:17.
end of the day ← evening of the day. |
| Prov 7:10 | וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֭שָּׁה לִקְרָאת֑וֹ שִׁ֥ית ז֝וֹנָ֗ה וּנְצֻ֥רַת לֵֽב׃ |
There was a woman meeting him, In a prostitute's attire, Whose intention was well guarded. |
there was ← behold.
intention ← heart. |
| Prov 7:11 | הֹמִיָּ֣ה הִ֣יא וְסֹרָ֑רֶת בְּ֝בֵיתָ֗הּ לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ רַגְלֶֽיהָ׃ |
She is restive and unruly; Her feet do not stay in her house. |
|
| Prov 7:12 | פַּ֤עַם ׀ בַּח֗וּץ פַּ֥עַם בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת וְאֵ֖צֶל כָּל־פִּנָּ֣ה תֶאֱרֹֽב׃ |
One moment she is out in the open; Another moment she is on the streets, And she lurks at every corner. |
lurks ← ambushes. |
| Prov 7:13 | וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה בּ֭וֹ וְנָ֣שְׁקָה־לּ֑וֹ הֵעֵ֥זָה פָ֝נֶ֗יהָ וַתֹּ֣אמַר לֽוֹ׃ |
And she took hold of him and kissed him; With brazen face, she said to him, |
with brazen face ← she emboldened her face and. |
| Prov 7:14 | זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑י הַ֝יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽי׃ |
“I have got peace-sacrifices with me; Today I fulfilled my vows, |
fulfilled ← paid. |
| Prov 7:15 | עַל־כֵּ֭ן יָצָ֣אתִי לִקְרָאתֶ֑ךָ לְשַׁחֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וָאֶמְצָאֶֽךָּ׃ |
Which is why I have come out to meet you, To seek your company diligently, And I have found you. |
company ← face.
diligently ← early. See Prov 1:28. |
| Prov 7:16 | מַ֭רְבַדִּים רָבַ֣דְתִּי עַרְשִׂ֑י חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם׃ |
I have made up my bed with drapery And with carvings and linen from Egypt. |
|
| Prov 7:17 | נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן׃ |
I have sprinkled myrrh on my bed, And aloes aroma and cinnamon. |
|
| Prov 7:18 | לְכָ֤ה נִרְוֶ֣ה דֹ֭דִים עַד־הַבֹּ֑קֶר נִ֝תְעַלְּסָ֗ה בָּאֳהָבִֽים׃ |
Come let us luxuriate in passion until the morning. Let us revel in love, |
luxuriate ← be soaked.
passion ← loves. |
| Prov 7:19 | כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין הָאִ֣ישׁ בְּבֵית֑וֹ הָ֝לַ֗ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מֵרָחֽוֹק׃ |
Because my husband is not at home; He has gone on a distant journey. |
at home ← in his house.
journey ← way. |
| Prov 7:20 | צְֽרוֹר־הַ֭כֶּסֶף לָקַ֣ח בְּיָד֑וֹ לְי֥וֹם הַ֝כֵּ֗סֶא יָבֹ֥א בֵיתֽוֹ׃ |
He has taken a bag of money in his hand; On the day of the new moon he will come back home.” |
new moon: as [AnLx]. [BDB]= full moon; also [Ges-HCL] with reservations. [ST] offers both.
home ← (to) his house. |
| Prov 7:21 | הִ֭טַּתּוּ בְּרֹ֣ב לִקְחָ֑הּ בְּחֵ֥לֶק שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יהָ תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ׃ |
She seduces him with the abundance of her captivating talk; With her flattering lips she entices him. |
seduces ← makes incline.
with her flattering lips ← with flattery of her lips. |
| Prov 7:22 | ה֤וֹלֵ֥ךְ אַחֲרֶ֗יהָ פִּ֫תְאֹ֥ם כְּ֭שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח יָב֑וֹא וּ֝כְעֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל׃ |
Suddenly he goes after her, As an ox goes to slaughter, And as a miscreant goes to fetters for correction, |
as a miscreant goes to fetters for correction ← and as fetters for correction of a miscreant. |
| Prov 7:23 | עַ֤ד יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח וְלֹֽא־יָ֝דַ֗ע כִּֽי־בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא׃ פ |
When an arrow cuts his liver in pieces, Like a bird hastening towards a snare, Not knowing that it is for its life. |
when ← until.
life ← soul. |
| Prov 7:24 | וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י וְ֝הַקְשִׁ֗יבוּ לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃ |
So now, sons, hear me; Pay attention to the sayings I utter. |
I utter ← of my mouth. |
| Prov 7:25 | אַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣יהָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּנְתִיבוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways; Do not stray onto her paths, |
|
| Prov 7:26 | כִּֽי־רַבִּ֣ים חֲלָלִ֣ים הִפִּ֑ילָה וַ֝עֲצֻמִ֗ים כָּל־הֲרֻגֶֽיהָ׃ |
For she has caused many to fall as casualties, And there are mighty men among all her slain. |
|
| Prov 7:27 | דַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל בֵּיתָ֑הּ יֹ֝רְד֗וֹת אֶל־חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת׃ פ |
Her home lodges the ways of the grave, Which go down to chambers of death. |
|
| Prov 8:1 | הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ׃ |
Does not wisdom call out? And does not understanding raise its voice? |
raise ← give; put. |
| Prov 8:2 | בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת נִצָּֽבָה׃ |
On the most prominent position on the road, At the crossroads, there it stands; |
most prominent position ← peak of the heights.
crossroads ← house of paths. |
| Prov 8:3 | לְיַד־שְׁעָרִ֥ים לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים תָּרֹֽנָּה׃ |
At the side of the gates, At the way into the city – At the entrance doors – There it cries out. |
way into ← mouth of. |
| Prov 8:4 | אֲלֵיכֶ֣ם אִישִׁ֣ים אֶקְרָ֑א וְ֝קוֹלִ֗י אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ |
“You men, to you I call out, And to you sons of Adam, I direct my voice. |
Wisdom is personified for a section which we represent by direct speech. The feminine form can be seen in the participle מְשַׂחֶקֶת in Prov 8:31. |
| Prov 8:5 | הָבִ֣ינוּ פְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים הָבִ֥ינוּ לֵֽב׃ |
You gullible ones, understand shrewdness, And you fools, understand strength of character. |
strength of character ← heart. |
| Prov 8:6 | שִׁ֭מְעוּ כִּֽי־נְגִידִ֣ים אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וּמִפְתַּ֥ח שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
Hear, for I will speak of noble things, While opening my lips with upright matters. |
while opening ← and (at) the opening of. |
| Prov 8:7 | כִּֽי־אֱ֭מֶת יֶהְגֶּ֣ה חִכִּ֑י וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת שְׂפָתַ֣י רֶֽשַׁע׃ |
For my palate savours the truth, But wickedness is an abomination to my lips. |
savours ← meditates on.
abomination to ← abomination of. |
| Prov 8:8 | בְּצֶ֥דֶק כָּל־אִמְרֵי־פִ֑י אֵ֥ין בָּ֝הֶ֗ם נִפְתָּ֥ל וְעִקֵּֽשׁ׃ |
All the sayings of my mouth are in righteousness; There is nothing crooked or perverse in them. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Prov 8:9 | כֻּלָּ֣ם נְ֭כֹחִים לַמֵּבִ֑ין וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים לְמֹ֣צְאֵי דָֽעַת׃ |
They are all straightforward to him who understands, And upright to those who find knowledge. |
|
| Prov 8:10 | קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥י וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝דַ֗עַת מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר׃ |
Accept my correction, and not silver, And knowledge rather than choice gold. |
|
| Prov 8:11 | כִּֽי־טוֹבָ֣ה חָ֭כְמָה מִפְּנִינִ֑ים וְכָל־חֲ֝פָצִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִֽשְׁווּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
For wisdom is better than red corals, And no material desires can be compared to it. |
red corals: or pearls, but see Lam 4:7.
no ← not ... all. |
| Prov 8:12 | אֲֽנִי־חָ֭כְמָה שָׁכַ֣נְתִּי עָרְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת אֶמְצָֽא׃ |
I, wisdom, abide in shrewdness, And I acquire the faculty of thoughtfulness. |
acquire ← find.
faculty ← knowledge. |
| Prov 8:13 | יִֽרְאַ֣ת יְהוָה֮ שְֽׂנֹ֫את רָ֥ע גֵּ֘אָ֤ה וְגָא֨וֹן ׀ וְדֶ֣רֶךְ רָ֭ע וּפִ֨י תַהְפֻּכ֬וֹת שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃ |
The fear of the Lord is to hate evil, Pride, and arrogance and an evil way. And I hate a mouth speaking subversive things. |
|
| Prov 8:14 | לִֽי־עֵ֭צָה וְתוּשִׁיָּ֑ה אֲנִ֥י בִ֝ינָ֗ה לִ֣י גְבוּרָֽה׃ |
I have counsel and resourcefulness. I am understanding. I have valour. |
|
| Prov 8:15 | בִּ֭י מְלָכִ֣ים יִמְלֹ֑כוּ וְ֝רוֹזְנִ֗ים יְחֹ֣קְקוּ צֶֽדֶק׃ |
By me, kings reign, And potentates legislate justice. |
|
| Prov 8:16 | בִּ֭י שָׂרִ֣ים יָשֹׂ֑רוּ וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק׃ |
By me princes rule, and leaders – All those who administer justice. |
administer justice ← judge righteousness. AV differs somewhat (judges of the earth). |
| Prov 8:17 | אֲ֭נִי *אהביה **אֹהֲבַ֣י אֵהָ֑ב וּ֝מְשַׁחֲרַ֗י יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי׃ |
I love those who love {Q: me} [K: it]. And those who seek me diligently Will find me. |
diligently ← early. See Prov 1:28. |
| Prov 8:18 | עֹֽשֶׁר־וְכָב֥וֹד אִתִּ֑י ה֥וֹן עָ֝תֵ֗ק וּצְדָקָֽה׃ |
Riches and honour accompany me – Resplendent wealth and righteousness. |
accompany ← (are) with. |
| Prov 8:19 | ט֣וֹב פִּ֭רְיִי מֵחָר֣וּץ וּמִפָּ֑ז וּ֝תְבוּאָתִ֗י מִכֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר׃ |
My fruit is better than a gold nugget or a fine gold ingot, And my produce is better than choice silver. |
|
| Prov 8:20 | בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה אֲהַלֵּ֑ך בְּ֝ת֗וֹךְ נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
I walk in the way of righteousness – Within the paths of justice, |
|
| Prov 8:21 | לְהַנְחִ֖יל אֹהֲבַ֥י ׀ יֵ֑שׁ וְאֹצְרֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם אֲמַלֵּֽא׃ פ |
By bestowing wealth on those who love me, As I fill their treasuries. |
by bestowing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
wealth ← existence; there is. |
| Prov 8:22 | יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז׃ |
The Lord acquired me at the beginning of his way, Before his works since then |
|
| Prov 8:23 | מֵ֭עוֹלָם נִסַּ֥כְתִּי מֵרֹ֗אשׁ מִקַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
– Before the age came about. I was appointed in advance, Before the things preceding the earth. |
before (2x): מֵ here is governed by קֶדֶם in the previous verse. |
| Prov 8:24 | בְּאֵין־תְּהֹמ֥וֹת חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי בְּאֵ֥ין מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם׃ |
When there were no deep waters, I was brought forth – When there were no sources well endowed with water. |
well endowed ← renowned, glorious. |
| Prov 8:25 | בְּטֶ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ לִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתִּי׃ |
Before the mountains were settled in place, Before the hills existed, I was brought forth. |
|
| Prov 8:26 | עַד־לֹ֣א עָ֭שָׂה אֶ֣רֶץ וְחוּצ֑וֹת וְ֝רֹ֗אשׁ עָפְר֥וֹת תֵּבֵֽל׃ |
Before he had made the earth and the open spaces, When the particles of the earth were the starting point, |
before ← until not.
starting point ← head. |
| Prov 8:27 | בַּהֲכִינ֣וֹ שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי בְּח֥וּקוֹ ח֝֗וּג עַל־פְּנֵ֥י תְהֽוֹם׃ |
When he prepared the heavens, I was there. And when he determined a sphere over the surface of the deep, |
|
| Prov 8:28 | בְּאַמְּצ֣וֹ שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל בַּ֝עֲז֗וֹז עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם׃ |
When he made the skies above firm, When he gave strength to the fountains of the deep, |
|
| Prov 8:29 | בְּשׂ֘וּמ֤וֹ לַיָּ֨ם ׀ חֻקּ֗וֹ וּ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יַֽעַבְרוּ־פִ֑יו בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ מ֣וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
When he issued his statute to the sea That the waters should not exceed his dictum, When he decreed the foundations of the earth, |
exceed his dictum: or pass over its (his statute's) border. [AnLx] gives border under heading IV. |
| Prov 8:30 | וָֽאֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן וָֽאֶהְיֶ֣ה שַׁ֭עֲשֻׁעִים י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם מְשַׂחֶ֖קֶת לְפָנָ֣יו בְּכָל־עֵֽת׃ |
I was with him constantly, And I was his delight day by day, Rejoicing in his presence all the time, |
constantly: AV differs (as one brought up with him), also possible. |
| Prov 8:31 | מְ֭שַׂחֶקֶת בְּתֵבֵ֣ל אַרְצ֑וֹ וְ֝שַׁעֲשֻׁעַ֗י אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃ פ |
Rejoicing in the inhabitants of his earth, And my delights were with the sons of Adam. |
inhabitants: this parallels the second part of the verse. Alternatively, pleonastically, inhabitable world. |
| Prov 8:32 | וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י וְ֝אַשְׁרֵ֗י דְּרָכַ֥י יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ׃ |
So now, you sons, hear me, For happy are they who keep my ways. |
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Prov 8:33 | שִׁמְע֖וּ מוּסָ֥ר וַחֲכָ֗מוּ וְאַל־תִּפְרָֽעוּ׃ |
Hear correction, And become wise, And do not reject it. |
|
| Prov 8:34 | אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי אָדָם֮ שֹׁמֵ֪עַֽ֫ לִ֥י לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי׃ |
Happy is the man who hears me, So that he watches at my doors daily, Guarding at the posts of my doors, |
|
| Prov 8:35 | כִּ֣י מֹ֭צְאִי *מצאי **מָצָ֣א חַיִּ֑ים וַיָּ֥פֶק רָ֝צ֗וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ |
For {Q: he who finds me has found} [K: they who find me are finders of] life, And he obtains favour from the Lord. |
|
| Prov 8:36 | וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי חֹמֵ֣ס נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כָּל־מְ֝שַׂנְאַ֗י אָ֣הֲבוּ מָֽוֶת׃ פ |
But he who sins against me, Does violence to himself; All who hate me love death.” |
himself ← his soul. |
| Prov 9:1 | חָ֭כְמוֹת בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑הּ חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ שִׁבְעָֽה׃ |
Wisdom has built its house; It has hewn out its seven pillars. |
|
| Prov 9:2 | טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ׃ |
It has slaughtered its animal for the slaughter, It has blended its wine; It has also laid its table. |
|
| Prov 9:3 | שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣יהָ תִקְרָ֑א עַל־גַּ֝פֵּ֗י מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת׃ |
It has sent out its maidservants; It will call out on the city hilltops, |
the city hilltops ← hillocks of heights of a city. |
| Prov 9:4 | מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ׃ |
“Whoever is gullible, Let him turn this way.” As for the weak-minded, it says to him, |
this way ← to here.
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 9:5 | לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ בְֽלַחֲמִ֑י וּ֝שְׁת֗וּ בְּיַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי׃ |
“Come and partake of my bread, And drink the wine I have blended. |
|
| Prov 9:6 | עִזְב֣וּ פְתָאיִ֣ם וִֽחְי֑וּ וְ֝אִשְׁר֗וּ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ בִּינָֽה׃ |
Leave the gullible and live, And proceed on the way of understanding. |
|
| Prov 9:7 | יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣וֹ קָל֑וֹן וּמוֹכִ֖יחַ לְרָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽוֹ׃ |
He who admonishes a mocker Reaps contempt, And he who reproves a wicked man, Becomes tarnished. |
reaps ← gets himself.
becomes tarnished ← (it is) his blemish. |
| Prov 9:8 | אַל־תּ֣וֹכַח לֵ֭ץ פֶּן־יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ הוֹכַ֥ח לְ֝חָכָ֗ם וְיֶאֱהָבֶֽךָּ׃ |
Do not reprove a mocker In case he hates you for it; Reprove a wise man, And he will love you for it. |
|
| Prov 9:9 | תֵּ֣ן לְ֭חָכָם וְיֶחְכַּם־ע֑וֹד הוֹדַ֥ע לְ֝צַדִּ֗יק וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶֽקַח׃ פ |
Give wisdom to the wise man, And he will become wiser still; Inform the righteous, And he will increase in learning. |
|
| Prov 9:10 | תְּחִלַּ֣ת חָ֭כְמָה יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת קְדֹשִׁ֣ים בִּינָֽה׃ |
The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord, And understanding is knowledge of holy matters. |
holy matters: [CB]= the Holy One, plural of majesty, which is also possible. But compare Num 18:8, where the expression explicitly applies to God's instructions.
Compare this verse with Job 28:28 and Ps 111:10. |
| Prov 9:11 | כִּי־בִ֭י יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑יךָ וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים׃ |
For it is by me that your days are multiplied, And years of life are added to you. |
|
| Prov 9:12 | אִם־חָ֭כַמְתָּ חָכַ֣מְתָּ לָּ֑ךְ וְ֝לַ֗צְתָּ לְֽבַדְּךָ֥ תִשָּֽׂא׃ |
If you gain wisdom, You gain wisdom for yourself, But if you mock, You will bear it on your own.” |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Prov 9:13 | אֵ֣שֶׁת כְּ֭סִילוּת הֹֽמִיָּ֑ה פְּ֝תַיּ֗וּת וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה׃ |
A foolish wife is restive, Gullible, and she does not know anything. |
foolish wife ← wife of foolishness, a Hebraic genitive.
gullible ← gullibility. |
| Prov 9:14 | וְֽ֭יָשְׁבָה לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת׃ |
And she sits at the door of her house Or on a chair in the prominent places of the city, |
|
| Prov 9:15 | לִקְרֹ֥א לְעֹֽבְרֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ הַֽ֝מְיַשְּׁרִ֗ים אֹֽרְחוֹתָֽם׃ |
To call out to those passing by on the road, Who are going straight on their way, |
|
| Prov 9:16 | מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה וַחֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב וְאָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ׃ |
To whoever is gullible, That he should turn aside there. And she says to the weak-minded, |
there ← here, but English converts direct speech forms in indirect speech, which is required by the third person verb.
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 9:17 | מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים יִנְעָֽם׃ |
“Stolen waters are sweet, And secret bread is delightful.” |
secret bread ← bread of secrets, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 9:18 | וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע כִּֽי־רְפָאִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם בְּעִמְקֵ֖י שְׁא֣וֹל קְרֻאֶֽיהָ׃ פ |
But he doesn't know that the Rephaim are there; Those she has called out Are in the depths of the grave. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead). |
| Prov 10:1 | מִשְׁלֵ֗י שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה פ בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב וּבֵ֥ן כְּ֝סִ֗יל תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽוֹ׃ |
The proverbs of Solomon.
A wise son pleases his father; A foolish son is his mother's grief. |
|
| Prov 10:2 | לֹא־י֭וֹעִילוּ אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִמָּֽוֶת׃ |
The lucre from wrongdoing is of no profit, But righteousness delivers from death. |
lucre from ← lucre of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 10:3 | לֹֽא־יַרְעִ֣יב יְ֭הוָה נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק וְהַוַּ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים יֶהְדֹּֽף׃ |
The Lord will not let a righteous person go hungry, But he repudiates the ambition of the wicked. |
person ← soul.
ambition ← desire. |
| Prov 10:4 | רָ֗אשׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה וְיַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים תַּעֲשִֽׁיר׃ |
A negligent hand makes one impoverished, But the hand of the industrious enriches. |
negligent hand makes: standing for (he of) a negligent hand, which is why the verb is masculine. AV differs in syntactical arrangement. |
| Prov 10:5 | אֹגֵ֣ר בַּ֭קַּיִץ בֵּ֣ן מַשְׂכִּ֑יל נִרְדָּ֥ם בַּ֝קָּצִ֗יר בֵּ֣ן מֵבִֽישׁ׃ |
He who gathers store in the harvest time is an intelligent son; He who falls asleep in the harvest time is a shameful son. |
shameful ← causing shame, but here causing (his own) shame. |
| Prov 10:6 | בְּ֭רָכוֹת לְרֹ֣אשׁ צַדִּ֑יק וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְכַסֶּ֥ה חָמָֽס׃ |
Blessings come onto the head of the righteous man, But violence envelops the mouth of the wicked. |
violence envelops the mouth of the wicked: we offer an alternative for the same Hebrew words in Prov 10:11. The structure of the verses justifies the respective translations. |
| Prov 10:7 | זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק לִבְרָכָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֖ם רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִרְקָֽב׃ |
The memory of the righteous is a blessing, But the name of the wicked will rot. |
|
| Prov 10:8 | חֲכַם־לֵ֭ב יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֺ֑ת וֶאֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם יִלָּבֵֽט׃ |
The wise in heart accepts commandments, But the loquacious fool will flounder. |
loquacious fool ← fool of lips. |
| Prov 10:9 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בַּ֭תֹּם יֵ֣לֶךְ בֶּ֑טַח וּמְעַקֵּ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכָ֗יו יִוָּדֵֽעַ׃ |
He who walks with integrity walks securely, But he who perverts his ways will be identified. |
|
| Prov 10:10 | קֹ֣רֵֽץ עַ֭יִן יִתֵּ֣ן עַצָּ֑בֶת וֶאֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם יִלָּבֵֽט׃ |
He who winks with the eye causes sorrow, And the loquacious fool will flounder. |
causes ← gives.
loquacious fool: see Prov 10:8. |
| Prov 10:11 | מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים פִּ֣י צַדִּ֑יק וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְכַסֶּ֥ה חָמָֽס׃ |
The mouth of a righteous man is the source of life, But the mouth of the wicked conceals violence. |
mouth: i.e. utterances.
mouth ... violence: AV differs, inverting subject and object, which is also possible. See Prov 10:6. |
| Prov 10:12 | שִׂ֭נְאָה תְּעוֹרֵ֣ר מְדָנִ֑ים וְעַ֥ל כָּל־פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תְּכַסֶּ֥ה אַהֲבָֽה׃ |
Hatred arouses strife, But love covers all transgressions. |
1 Pet 4:8.
strife ← strifes. |
| Prov 10:13 | בְּשִׂפְתֵ֣י נָ֭בוֹן תִּמָּצֵ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝שֵׁ֗בֶט לְגֵ֣ו חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃ |
In the lips of the astute man, wisdom is found, But a rod is applicable to the back of the weak-minded. |
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 10:14 | חֲכָמִ֥ים יִצְפְּנוּ־דָ֑עַת וּפִֽי־אֱ֝וִיל מְחִתָּ֥ה קְרֹבָֽה׃ |
The wise treasure up knowledge, But ruin is close to the mouth of the fool. |
ruin ... mouth: AV differs, inverting subject and complement, which gives a discordant subject and adjective. |
| Prov 10:15 | ה֣וֹן עָ֭שִׁיר קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑וֹ מְחִתַּ֖ת דַּלִּ֣ים רֵישָֽׁם׃ |
The wealth of the rich is his strong city; The ruination of the poor is their poverty. |
his strong city ← the city of his strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 10:16 | פְּעֻלַּ֣ת צַדִּ֣יק לְחַיִּ֑ים תְּבוּאַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע לְחַטָּֽאת׃ |
The recompense of the righteous is life, But the product of the wicked is sin. |
life ... sin ← to / for life ... to / for sin, the preposition perhaps emphasizing the result. |
| Prov 10:17 | אֹ֣רַח לְ֭חַיִּים שׁוֹמֵ֣ר מוּסָ֑ר וְעוֹזֵ֖ב תּוֹכַ֣חַת מַתְעֶֽה׃ |
He who retains instruction has the way of life, But he who forsakes reproof leads astray. |
leads astray: AV differs (erreth), ignoring the causative verbal form (hiphil). |
| Prov 10:18 | מְכַסֶּ֣ה שִׂ֭נְאָה שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר וּמוֹצִ֥א דִ֝בָּ֗ה ה֣וּא כְסִֽיל׃ |
He who conceals hatred with lying lips, Or he who spreads slander, Is a fool. |
conceals ← covers.
lying lips ← lips of lying, a Hebraic genitive. spreads ← brings out. |
| Prov 10:19 | בְּרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים לֹ֣א יֶחְדַּל־פָּ֑שַׁע וְחֹשֵׂ֖ךְ שְׂפָתָ֣יו מַשְׂכִּֽיל׃ |
In the abundance of words, Transgression does not cease, But he who is sparing with his lips Is intelligent. |
|
| Prov 10:20 | כֶּ֣סֶף נִ֭בְחָר לְשׁ֣וֹן צַדִּ֑יק לֵ֖ב רְשָׁעִ֣ים כִּמְעָֽט׃ |
The tongue of the righteous man is choice silver; The heart of the wicked is hardly so. |
hardly so ← as little. Ironic, since it means not at all so. |
| Prov 10:21 | שִׂפְתֵ֣י צַ֭דִּיק יִרְע֣וּ רַבִּ֑ים וֶֽ֝אֱוִילִ֗ים בַּחֲסַר־לֵ֥ב יָמֽוּתוּ׃ |
The lips of the righteous act as a shepherd to many, But fools will die in weak-mindedness. |
in weak-mindedness ← in lack of heart. |
| Prov 10:22 | בִּרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭הוָה הִ֣יא תַעֲשִׁ֑יר וְלֹֽא־יוֹסִ֖ף עֶ֣צֶב עִמָּֽהּ׃ |
The blessing of the Lord enriches, And he does not add sorrow to it. |
to it ← with it. |
| Prov 10:23 | כִּשְׂח֣וֹק לִ֭כְסִיל עֲשׂ֣וֹת זִמָּ֑ה וְ֝חָכְמָ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
It is like a sport to a fool To devise fraud, But a man of understanding has wisdom. |
|
| Prov 10:24 | מְגוֹרַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑נּוּ וְתַאֲוַ֖ת צַדִּיקִ֣ים יִתֵּֽן׃ |
What the wicked man fears will come upon him, But he will grant the wish of the righteous. |
what the wicked man fears ← the fear of the wicked.
he will grant: i.e. the Lord will grant. |
| Prov 10:25 | כַּעֲב֣וֹר ס֭וּפָה וְאֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם׃ |
When the whirlwind passes over, There will not be any wicked, But the righteous man is an age-abiding foundation. |
|
| Prov 10:26 | כַּחֹ֤מֶץ ׀ לַשִּׁנַּ֗יִם וְכֶעָשָׁ֥ן לָעֵינָ֑יִם כֵּ֥ן הֶ֝עָצֵ֗ל לְשֹׁלְחָֽיו׃ |
As vinegar to the teeth and as smoke to the eyes, So is the lazy man to those who send him on an assignment. |
|
| Prov 10:27 | יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים וּשְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּקְצֹֽרְנָה׃ |
Fear of the Lord adds to one's days, But the years of the wicked will be curtailed. |
|
| Prov 10:28 | תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת צַדִּיקִ֣ים שִׂמְחָ֑ה וְתִקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד׃ |
The expectation of the righteous is happiness, But the hope of the wicked will perish. |
|
| Prov 10:29 | מָע֣וֹז לַ֭תֹּם דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה וּ֝מְחִתָּ֗ה לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
The way of the Lord is a fortress to the man with integrity, But ruination to those who perpetrate iniquity. |
|
| Prov 10:30 | צַדִּ֣יק לְעוֹלָ֣ם בַּל־יִמּ֑וֹט וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִשְׁכְּנוּ־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
The righteous man will never falter, But the wicked will not inhabit the earth. |
never ← not for the age. |
| Prov 10:31 | פִּֽי־צַ֭דִּיק יָנ֣וּב חָכְמָ֑ה וּלְשׁ֥וֹן תַּ֝הְפֻּכ֗וֹת תִּכָּרֵֽת׃ |
The mouth of the righteous produces wisdom, But a subversive tongue will be cut off. |
|
| Prov 10:32 | שִׂפְתֵ֣י צַ֭דִּיק יֵדְע֣וּן רָצ֑וֹן וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃ |
The lips of the righteous know what is pleasing, But the mouth of the wicked only knows subversive things. |
|
| Prov 11:1 | מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
False scales are an abomination to the Lord, But a full weight is to his liking. |
false scales ← scales of falseness, a Hebraic genitive.
weight ← stone. |
| Prov 11:2 | בָּֽא־זָ֭דוֹן וַיָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן וְֽאֶת־צְנוּעִ֥ים חָכְמָֽה׃ |
When haughtiness comes, Then so does humiliation, But wisdom is with the modest. |
so does ← comes. |
| Prov 11:3 | תֻּמַּ֣ת יְשָׁרִ֣ים תַּנְחֵ֑ם וְסֶ֖לֶף בּוֹגְדִ֣ים *ושדם **יְשָׁדֵּֽם׃ |
The integrity of the upright will lead them, But the perverseness of the treacherous will ravage them. |
will ravage them: the qeré is strictly and it ravages them. A vav / yod issue. |
| Prov 11:4 | לֹא־יוֹעִ֣יל ה֭וֹן בְּי֣וֹם עֶבְרָ֑ה וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִמָּֽוֶת׃ |
Wealth will not be of benefit on the day of wrath, But righteousness will deliver from death. |
|
| Prov 11:5 | צִדְקַ֣ת תָּ֭מִים תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְרִשְׁעָת֗וֹ יִפֹּ֥ל רָשָֽׁע׃ |
The righteousness of the integrous man will direct his way, But the wicked will fall by his wickedness. |
|
| Prov 11:6 | צִדְקַ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תַּצִּילֵ֑ם וּ֝בְהַוַּ֗ת בֹּגְדִ֥ים יִלָּכֵֽדוּ׃ |
The righteousness of the upright will save them, But the treacherous will be caught in their intrigue. |
intrigue ← desire, lust, but with negative connotations. |
| Prov 11:7 | בְּמ֤וֹת אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע תֹּאבַ֣ד תִּקְוָ֑ה וְתוֹחֶ֖לֶת אוֹנִ֣ים אָבָֽדָה׃ |
When a wicked man dies, His hope perishes, And the expectation of the iniquitous Comes to nothing. |
comes to nothing ← perishes. |
| Prov 11:8 | צַ֭דִּיק מִצָּרָ֣ה נֶחֱלָ֑ץ וַיָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ |
The righteous man is delivered from adversity, But the wicked man enters into it instead of him. |
|
| Prov 11:9 | בְּפֶ֗ה חָ֭נֵף יַשְׁחִ֣ת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וּ֝בְדַ֗עַת צַדִּיקִ֥ים יֵחָלֵֽצוּ׃ |
A profane person brings ruin on his neighbour with his mouth, But the righteous will be delivered by knowledge. |
|
| Prov 11:10 | בְּט֣וּב צַ֭דִּיקִים תַּעֲלֹ֣ץ קִרְיָ֑ה וּבַאֲבֹ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים רִנָּֽה׃ |
A city rejoices in the goodness of the righteous, And there is jubilation at the demise of the wicked. |
|
| Prov 11:11 | בְּבִרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת וּבְפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תֵּהָרֵֽס׃ |
By the blessing of the upright, The city is exalted, But by the mouth of the wicked, It is demolished. |
|
| Prov 11:12 | בָּז־לְרֵעֵ֥הוּ חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנ֣וֹת יַחֲרִֽישׁ׃ |
The weak-minded man despises his neighbour, But a man of understanding keeps silence. |
weak-minded ← lacking of heart. |
| Prov 11:13 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ רָ֭כִיל מְגַלֶּה־סּ֑וֹד וְנֶאֱמַן־ר֝֗וּחַ מְכַסֶּ֥ה דָבָֽר׃ |
He who goes about gossiping reveals a secret, But he of a dependable spirit Conceals a matter. |
|
| Prov 11:14 | בְּאֵ֣ין תַּ֭חְבֻּלוֹת יִפָּל־עָ֑ם וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ׃ |
Without guidance a people will fall, But safety is found In taking much counsel. |
taking much counsel ← much of (being) a counsellor, or much (as) a counsel-taker, or in the greatness of a counsellor. |
| Prov 11:15 | רַע־יֵ֭רוֹעַ כִּי־עָ֣רַב זָ֑ר וְשֹׂנֵ֖א תֹקְעִ֣ים בּוֹטֵֽחַ׃ |
He who becomes security for a stranger Will surely suffer evil, But he who hates striking deals Is secure. |
will surely suffer evil ← will suffer evil evil(ly). |
| Prov 11:16 | אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן תִּתְמֹ֣ךְ כָּב֑וֹד וְ֝עָרִיצִ֗ים יִתְמְכוּ־עֹֽשֶׁר׃ |
A gracious wife acquires honour, And the mighty acquire riches. |
gracious wife ← wife of grace, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 11:17 | גֹּמֵ֣ל נַ֭פְשׁוֹ אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד וְעֹכֵ֥ר שְׁ֝אֵר֗וֹ אַכְזָרִֽי׃ |
A kind man benefits his own self, But a cruel man causes grief to his own body. |
kind man ← man of kindness, a Hebraic genitive.
benefits ← recompenses. self ← soul. body ← flesh. |
| Prov 11:18 | רָשָׁ֗ע עֹשֶׂ֥ה פְעֻלַּת־שָׁ֑קֶר וְזֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת׃ |
An evil man engages in fraudulent activity, But he who sows righteousness Has a durable reward. |
a durable reward ← a reward of durability / truth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 11:19 | כֵּן־צְדָקָ֥ה לְחַיִּ֑ים וּמְרַדֵּ֖ף רָעָ֣ה לְמוֹתֽוֹ׃ |
As righteousness is to one's life, So is the pursuit of evil to one's death. |
so: wider use of the vav.
pursuit ← (being a) pursuer. |
| Prov 11:20 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה עִקְּשֵׁי־לֵ֑ב וּ֝רְצוֹנ֗וֹ תְּמִ֣ימֵי דָֽרֶךְ׃ |
The perverse in heart are an abomination to the Lord, But those of integrity in their way are his delight. |
|
| Prov 11:21 | יָ֣ד לְ֭יָד לֹא־יִנָּ֣קֶה רָּ֑ע וְזֶ֖רַע צַדִּיקִ֣ים נִמְלָֽט׃ |
Whomever the wicked shakes hands with, He will not be acquitted, But the seed of the righteous man will escape. |
shakes hands with ← hand to hand. |
| Prov 11:22 | נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּאַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְסָ֣רַת טָֽעַם׃ |
A beautiful woman who lacks discernment Is a golden ring in the nose of a pig. |
lacks ← departs from, but also lacks.
ring: usually an earring or nosering. |
| Prov 11:23 | תַּאֲוַ֣ת צַדִּיקִ֣ים אַךְ־ט֑וֹב תִּקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֶבְרָֽה׃ |
The yearning of the righteous is only for what is right; The prospect of the wicked is wrath. |
prospect: the word more commonly means hope. |
| Prov 11:24 | יֵ֣שׁ מְ֭פַזֵּר וְנוֹסָ֥ף ע֑וֹד וְחוֹשֵׂ֥ךְ מִ֝יֹּ֗שֶׁר אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר׃ |
One distributes liberally, And more is added to him, But he who withholds more than what is fair Will surely become in need. |
one ← there is, i.e. there is (one).
more than what is fair ← from uprightness. |
| Prov 11:25 | נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּרָכָ֥ה תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן וּ֝מַרְוֶ֗ה גַּם־ה֥וּא יוֹרֶֽא׃ |
A generous person will be richly satisfied, And he who gives plenty to drink Will in return receive much rain. |
generous person ← soul of blessing.
richly satisfied ← made fat. in return ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Prov 11:26 | מֹ֣נֵֽעַ בָּ֭ר יִקְּבֻ֣הוּ לְא֑וֹם וּ֝בְרָכָ֗ה לְרֹ֣אשׁ מַשְׁבִּֽיר׃ |
As for him who withholds corn, The people will curse him, But he who trades it Has a blessing on his head. |
|
| Prov 11:27 | שֹׁ֣חֵֽר ט֭וֹב יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ רָצ֑וֹן וְדֹרֵ֖שׁ רָעָ֣ה תְבוֹאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
He who diligently seeks good Seeks what is acceptable, But as for him who is intent on evil, It will come on him. |
|
| Prov 11:28 | בּוֹטֵ֣חַ בְּ֭עָשְׁרוֹ ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל וְ֝כֶעָלֶ֗ה צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִפְרָֽחוּ׃ |
He who trusts in his riches will fall, But the righteous will thrive like foliage. |
|
| Prov 11:29 | עוֹכֵ֣ר בֵּ֭יתוֹ יִנְחַל־ר֑וּחַ וְעֶ֥בֶד אֱ֝וִ֗יל לַחֲכַם־לֵֽב׃ |
He who causes his household trouble Will inherit thin air, And a fool will be a servant to the wise of heart. |
thin air ← wind. |
| Prov 11:30 | פְּֽרִי־צַ֭דִּיק עֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים וְלֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת חָכָֽם׃ |
The fruit of the righteous is the tree of life, And he who takes care of spiritual needs is wise. |
spiritual needs ← souls. |
| Prov 11:31 | הֵ֣ן צַ֭דִּיק בָּאָ֣רֶץ יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־רָשָׁ֥ע וְחוֹטֵֽא׃ |
Behold, the righteous in the land will be recompensed. How much the other way with the wicked and sinner! |
|
| Prov 12:1 | אֹהֵ֣ב מ֭וּסָר אֹ֣הֵֽב דָּ֑עַת וְשֹׂנֵ֖א תוֹכַ֣חַת בָּֽעַר׃ |
He who loves correction loves knowledge, But he who hates reproof is ill-bred. |
|
| Prov 12:2 | ט֗וֹב יָפִ֣יק רָ֭צוֹן מֵיְהוָ֑ה וְאִ֖ישׁ מְזִמּ֣וֹת יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
A good man will obtain the Lord's goodwill, But he will condemn a scheming man. |
scheming man ← man of schemes, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 12:3 | לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן אָדָ֣ם בְּרֶ֑שַׁע וְשֹׁ֥רֶשׁ צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט׃ |
A man is not established by wickedness, But the root of the righteous will not be shaken. |
|
| Prov 12:4 | אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל עֲטֶ֣רֶת בַּעְלָ֑הּ וּכְרָקָ֖ב בְּעַצְמוֹתָ֣יו מְבִישָֽׁה׃ |
A virtuous wife is the crown of her husband, But she who causes shame is like rot in his bones. |
|
| Prov 12:5 | מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים מִשְׁפָּ֑ט תַּחְבֻּל֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה׃ |
The thoughts of the righteous are concerned with justice, But the contrivances of the wicked are with deceit. |
|
| Prov 12:6 | דִּבְרֵ֣י רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֱרָב־דָּ֑ם וּפִ֥י יְ֝שָׁרִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם׃ |
The words of the wicked concern ambushing for blood, But the mouth of the upright will deliver them. |
ambushing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Prov 12:7 | הָפ֣וֹךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים וְאֵינָ֑ם וּבֵ֖ית צַדִּיקִ֣ים יַעֲמֹֽד׃ |
The wicked are overthrown, And they are gone, But the house of the righteous will stand. |
are overthrown: an infinitive absolute. See [Ges-HG] §113ff, “best rendered by the passive”.
are gone ← are not. |
| Prov 12:8 | לְֽפִי־שִׂ֭כְלוֹ יְהֻלַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְנַעֲוֵה־לֵ֝֗ב יִהְיֶ֥ה לָבֽוּז׃ |
A man is given praise according to his intelligence, But the false-hearted will be held up to contempt. |
|
| Prov 12:9 | ט֣וֹב נִ֭קְלֶה וְעֶ֣בֶד ל֑וֹ מִ֝מְּתַכַּבֵּ֗ד וַחֲסַר־לָֽחֶם׃ |
One who is of low estate, But has a servant, Is better than one who vaunts himself, But lacks bread. |
of low estate ← despised, mean. |
| Prov 12:10 | יוֹדֵ֣עַ צַ֭דִּיק נֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּהֶמְתּ֑וֹ וְֽרַחֲמֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים אַכְזָרִֽי׃ |
The righteous man recognizes the feelings of his cattle, But the mercies of the wicked are cruel. |
feelings ← soul. |
| Prov 12:11 | עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֖ף רֵיקִ֣ים חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃ |
He who cultivates his land Will have plenty of bread, But he who pursues vain things Is weak-minded. |
have plenty of ← be satiated with.
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 12:12 | חָמַ֣ד רָ֭שָׁע מְצ֣וֹד רָעִ֑ים וְשֹׁ֖רֶשׁ צַדִּיקִ֣ים יִתֵּֽן׃ |
The wicked man delights in the hunting net of evil men, But the root of the righteous will bear fruit. |
|
| Prov 12:13 | בְּפֶ֣שַׁע שְׂ֭פָתַיִם מוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָ֑ע וַיֵּצֵ֖א מִצָּרָ֣ה צַדִּֽיק׃ |
There is a snare to an evil man in the impropriety of his lips, But the righteous man will come out of adversity. |
impropriety ← transgression. |
| Prov 12:14 | מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע־ט֑וֹב וּגְמ֥וּל יְדֵי־אָ֝דָ֗ם *ישוב **יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃ |
A man will be satiated with good things by the fruit of his mouth, And {Q: he will bestow the reward of a man's labour on} [K: the reward of a man's labour will return to] him. |
he will bestow (qeré) ... will return (ketiv): a vav / yod issue.
labour (qeré / ketiv) ← hands, put for the work done by them. |
| Prov 12:15 | דֶּ֣רֶךְ אֱ֭וִיל יָשָׁ֣ר בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְשֹׁמֵ֖עַ לְעֵצָ֣ה חָכָֽם׃ |
A fool's way is upright in his own eyes, But he who listens to advice is wise. |
|
| Prov 12:16 | אֱוִ֗יל בַּ֭יּוֹם יִוָּדַ֣ע כַּעְס֑וֹ וְכֹסֶ֖ה קָל֣וֹן עָרֽוּם׃ |
The anger of the fool becomes known in due course, But he who conceals an ignominious situation is prudent. |
in due course ← in the day. |
| Prov 12:17 | יָפִ֣יחַ אֱ֭מוּנָה יַגִּ֣יד צֶ֑דֶק וְעֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה׃ |
He who utters faithful things declares justice, But a false witness, deceit. |
utters ← puffs out.
faithful things ← faithfulness. false witness ← witness of lies, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 12:18 | יֵ֣שׁ בּ֭וֹטֶה כְּמַדְקְר֣וֹת חָ֑רֶב וּלְשׁ֖וֹן חֲכָמִ֣ים מַרְפֵּֽא׃ |
There is one who speaks recklessly like the piercings of a sword, But the tongue of the wise brings healing. |
|
| Prov 12:19 | שְֽׂפַת־אֱ֭מֶת תִּכּ֣וֹן לָעַ֑ד וְעַד־אַ֝רְגִּ֗יעָה לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
A truthful lip is established in perpetuity, But a lying tongue only endures until I act all of a sudden. |
truthful lip ← lip of truth, a Hebraic genitive.
I act all of a sudden: or I give (it) rest. AV differs (but for a moment); [BDB]= while I would twinkle (= only for a moment). |
| Prov 12:20 | מִ֭רְמָה בְּלֶב־חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע וּֽלְיֹעֲצֵ֖י שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה׃ |
There is deceit in the heart of those who devise evil, But those who counsel peace will have joy. |
|
| Prov 12:21 | לֹא־יְאֻנֶּ֣ה לַצַּדִּ֣יק כָּל־אָ֑וֶן וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים מָ֣לְאוּ רָֽע׃ |
No adversity will befall the righteous man, But the wicked will be full of trouble. |
|
| Prov 12:22 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר וְעֹשֵׂ֖י אֱמוּנָ֣ה רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
Lying lips are an abomination to the Lord, But they who act faithfully are his delight. |
lying lips ← lips of lies, a Hebraic genitive.
act faithfully ← do faith. |
| Prov 12:23 | אָדָ֣ם עָ֭רוּם כֹּ֣סֶה דָּ֑עַת וְלֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים יִקְרָ֥א אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
A prudent man withholds information, But a foolish heart makes proclamations without discretion. |
a foolish heart ← a heart of fools.
makes proclamations without discretion ← proclaims folly / impiety. |
| Prov 12:24 | יַד־חָרוּצִ֥ים תִּמְשׁ֑וֹל ו֝רְמִיָּ֗ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לָמַֽס׃ |
The hand of the diligent will rule, But remissness will become tribute-bearing. |
|
| Prov 12:25 | דְּאָגָ֣ה בְלֶב־אִ֣ישׁ יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה וְדָבָ֖ר ט֣וֹב יְשַׂמְּחֶֽנָּה׃ |
Anxiety in a man's heart brings it low, But a good word makes it rejoice. |
|
| Prov 12:26 | יָתֵ֣ר מֵרֵעֵ֣הוּ צַדִּ֑יק וְדֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים תַּתְעֵֽם׃ |
The righteous man is a better guide than his neighbour, But the way of the wicked leads them astray. |
is a better guide: AV differs (is more excellent), taking the word from root יָתַר, not תּוּר. |
| Prov 12:27 | לֹא־יַחֲרֹ֣ךְ רְמִיָּ֣ה צֵיד֑וֹ וְהוֹן־אָדָ֖ם יָקָ֣ר חָרֽוּץ׃ |
The remiss will not catch his prey, But a man's wealth is precious If diligently obtained. |
catch: AV differs (roast). |
| Prov 12:28 | בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה חַיִּ֑ים וְדֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה אַל־מָֽוֶת׃ |
In the way of righteousness is life, And the way of this path is to immortality. |
|
| Prov 13:1 | בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב וְ֝לֵ֗ץ לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע גְּעָרָֽה׃ |
A wise son hears the correction of his father, But a scoffer does not hear rebuke. |
|
| Prov 13:2 | מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יֹ֣אכַל ט֑וֹב וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בֹּגְדִ֣ים חָמָֽס׃ |
A man shall eat what is good by the fruit of his mouth, But the appetite of the treacherous will be slaked by violence. |
a man ... his ← he ... a man's.
by the fruit of his mouth: i.e. by saying righteous things. appetite ← soul. |
| Prov 13:3 | נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭יו שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו מְחִתָּה־לֽוֹ׃ |
He who guards his mouth keeps his life; He who opens his lips wide will have ruin. |
life ← soul. |
| Prov 13:4 | מִתְאַוָּ֣ה וָ֭אַיִן נַפְשׁ֣וֹ עָצֵ֑ל וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ חָרֻצִ֣ים תְּדֻשָּֽׁן׃ |
The lazy person longs for a thing, But it comes to nothing, Whilst the appetite of the industrious Will be richly satisfied. |
person ← soul.
richly satisfied ← made fat. |
| Prov 13:5 | דְּבַר־שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א צַדִּ֑יק וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע יַבְאִ֥ישׁ וְיַחְפִּֽיר׃ |
The righteous man hates a false word, But a wicked man acts despicably And is disgraced. |
hates: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
false word ← word of falseness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 13:6 | צְ֭דָקָה תִּצֹּ֣ר תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ וְ֝רִשְׁעָ֗ה תְּסַלֵּ֥ף חַטָּֽאת׃ |
Righteousness will guard an integrous man on his way, But lawlessness will subvert the sin-offering. |
sin-offering: AV differs (sinner). |
| Prov 13:7 | יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭תְעַשֵּׁר וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל מִ֝תְרוֹשֵׁ֗שׁ וְה֣וֹן רָֽב׃ |
There is the one who enriches himself, But does not have anything, And the one who impoverishes himself, But has great wealth. |
anything ← everything, but after a negative, anything. |
| Prov 13:8 | כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ עָשְׁר֑וֹ וְ֝רָ֗שׁ לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע גְּעָרָֽה׃ |
The ransom for a man's life is his wealth, But the poor man does not hear rebuke. |
life ← soul.
rebuke: i.e., presumably, despite a tenuous semantic connection, a ransom demand, because a poor man is not held to ransom. |
| Prov 13:9 | אוֹר־צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִשְׂמָ֑ח וְנֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ׃ |
The light of the righteous shines cheerfully, But the lamp of the wicked will be extinguished. |
shines cheerfully: perhaps better re-pointed as piel, יְשַׂמֵּחַ, makes joyful. |
| Prov 13:10 | רַק־בְּ֭זָדוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן מַצָּ֑ה וְאֶת־נ֖וֹעָצִ֣ים חָכְמָֽה׃ |
Haughtiness just engenders contention, But wisdom is with those Who have been given advice. |
haughtiness just engenders contention ← just by haughtiness it (or he) gives contention. |
| Prov 13:11 | ה֭וֹן מֵהֶ֣בֶל יִמְעָ֑ט וְקֹבֵ֖ץ עַל־יָ֣ד יַרְבֶּֽה׃ |
Wealth obtained from vain pursuits will decline, But that of him who gathers through labour will increase. |
that of him: AV differs (he).
labour ← hand. |
| Prov 13:12 | תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת מְ֭מֻשָּׁכָה מַחֲלָה־לֵ֑ב וְעֵ֥ץ חַ֝יִּ֗ים תַּאֲוָ֥ה בָאָֽה׃ |
Protracted expectation grieves the heart, But the coming delight is a tree of life. |
grieves ← makes sick. |
| Prov 13:13 | בָּ֣ז לְ֭דָבָר יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑וֹ וִירֵ֥א מִ֝צְוָ֗ה ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ |
If a person despises a word, It will be his destruction, But he who fears the commandment Will be recompensed. |
|
| Prov 13:14 | תּוֹרַ֣ת חָ֭כָם מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים לָ֝ס֗וּר מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ |
The law of the wise man is a source of life, By departing from deadly snares. |
by departing: gerundial use of the infinitive.
deadly snares ← snares of death, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 13:15 | שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֭וֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן וְדֶ֖רֶךְ בֹּגְדִ֣ים אֵיתָֽן׃ |
Good insight gives grace, But the way of the treacherous is austere. |
|
| Prov 13:16 | כָּל־עָ֭רוּם יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה בְדָ֑עַת וּ֝כְסִ֗יל יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
Every prudent man acts in an informed way, But a fool spreads nonsense. |
in an informed way ← with knowledge.
nonsense: or impiety. |
| Prov 13:17 | מַלְאָ֣ךְ רָ֭שָׁע יִפֹּ֣ל בְּרָ֑ע וְצִ֖יר אֱמוּנִ֣ים מַרְפֵּֽא׃ |
An unjust messenger will fall into harm, But a faithful envoy brings healing. |
a faithful envoy ← an envoy of faithfulness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 13:18 | רֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭קָלוֹן פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר תּוֹכַ֣חַת יְכֻבָּֽד׃ |
Poverty and contempt await him who disregards correction, But he who takes heed of reproof will be honoured. |
|
| Prov 13:19 | תַּאֲוָ֣ה נִ֭הְיָה תֶּעֱרַ֣ב לְנָ֑פֶשׁ וְתוֹעֲבַ֥ת כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃ |
A longing fulfilled is sweet to one's spirit, But it is an abomination to fools to depart from evil. |
fulfilled ← come about.
spirit ← soul. |
| Prov 13:20 | *הלוך **הוֹלֵ֣ךְ אֶת־חֲכָמִ֣ים *וחכם **יֶחְכָּ֑ם וְרֹעֶ֖ה כְסִילִ֣ים יֵרֽוֹעַ׃ |
He who walks with the wise Will become wise, But he who associates with fools Will suffer evil. |
he who walks: the ketiv is an infinitive absolute.
will become wise: a vav / yod issue, but the meanings are essentially the same. There is perhaps a play on words with וְרֺעֶה and יֵרוֹעַ (associates ... suffer evil). |
| Prov 13:21 | חַ֭טָּאִים תְּרַדֵּ֣ף רָעָ֑ה וְאֶת־צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים יְשַׁלֶּם־טֽוֹב׃ |
Trouble will pursue sinners, But he will recompense the righteous with good. |
pursue: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Prov 13:22 | ט֗וֹב יַנְחִ֥יל בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים וְצָפ֥וּן לַ֝צַּדִּ֗יק חֵ֣יל חוֹטֵֽא׃ |
A good man leaves an inheritance to his sons' sons, Whereas the wealth of the sinner Is hidden away for the righteous. |
whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Prov 13:23 | רָב־אֹ֭כֶל נִ֣יר רָאשִׁ֑ים וְיֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
The agricultural work of the poor brings abundance of food, But there is the one who perishes without justice. |
there is the one who perishes without justice: or wealth is taken away without justice. Our translation of יֵשׁ is as in Prov 13:7. |
| Prov 13:24 | חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְטוֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ מוּסָֽר׃ |
He who spares his rod hates his son, But he who loves him Is alert to give him correction. |
|
| Prov 13:25 | צַדִּ֗יק אֹ֭כֵל לְשֹׂ֣בַע נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּבֶ֖טֶן רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֶּחְסָֽר׃ פ |
The righteous eats to his heart's content, But the stomach of the wicked will suffer lack. |
to his heart's content ← to satiety of his soul. |
| Prov 14:1 | חַכְמ֣וֹת נָ֭שִׁים בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑הּ וְ֝אִוֶּ֗לֶת בְּיָדֶ֥יהָ תֶהֶרְסֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The wisdom of women is what builds up their household, But foolishness in their hands demolishes it. |
wisdom: AV differs somewhat, taking the word as an adjective. [AnLx] accepts חַכְמוֹת as a secondary form of the noun חָכְמוּת (wisdom).
their (2x) ← her, but applying to each of many. foolishness: AV differs, foolish [woman]. |
| Prov 14:2 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭יָשְׁרוֹ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּנְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣יו בּוֹזֵֽהוּ׃ |
He who walks in his uprightness fears the Lord, But he who is devious in his ways despises him. |
|
| Prov 14:3 | בְּֽפִי־אֱ֭וִיל חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים תִּשְׁמוּרֵֽם׃ |
In the mouth of the fool is a sceptre of pride, But the lips of the wise will guard them. |
the lips of the wise will guard them: reading תִּשְׁמְרוּם. Otherwise, one could read (as for) the lips of the wise, you will guard them, but referring to God with ↴ |
| Prov 14:4 | בְּאֵ֣ין אֲ֭לָפִים אֵב֣וּס בָּ֑ר וְרָב־תְּ֝בוּא֗וֹת בְּכֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר׃ |
For want of oxen, the stall is empty, But abundance of produce is by the strength of the ox. |
↳ the grammatical second person is not the general style of Proverbs.
the strength of the ox: i.e. its ability to draw the plough. |
| Prov 14:5 | עֵ֣ד אֱ֭מוּנִים לֹ֣א יְכַזֵּ֑ב וְיָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
A faithful witness does not lie, But a false witness utters lies. |
faithful witness ... false witness ← witness of faithfulness ... witness of falsehood, Hebraic genitives.
utters ← puffs out. |
| Prov 14:6 | בִּקֶּשׁ־לֵ֣ץ חָכְמָ֣ה וָאָ֑יִן וְדַ֖עַת לְנָב֣וֹן נָקָֽל׃ |
The scoffer seeks wisdom, But does not find any, Whilst knowledge is easily come by to the judicious. |
|
| Prov 14:7 | לֵ֣ךְ מִ֭נֶּגֶד לְאִ֣ישׁ כְּסִ֑יל וּבַל־יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ שִׂפְתֵי־דָֽעַת׃ |
Go away from the foolish man, In whom you have not detected knowledgeable speaking. |
from ← from opposite.
detected ← known. knowledgeable speaking ← lips of knowledge. |
| Prov 14:8 | חָכְמַ֣ת עָ֭רוּם הָבִ֣ין דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וְאִוֶּ֖לֶת כְּסִילִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה׃ |
The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way, But the senselessness of fools is deceit. |
|
| Prov 14:9 | אֱ֭וִלִים יָלִ֣יץ אָשָׁ֑ם וּבֵ֖ין יְשָׁרִ֣ים רָצֽוֹן׃ |
As for fools, each ridicules the guilt-offering, But among the upright is goodwill. |
As for fools, each ridicules the guilt-offering: AV differs somewhat (fools make a mock at sin), and see [CB]. Alternatively, read (as for) fools, the (consequences of) guilt will ridicule (them). |
| Prov 14:10 | לֵ֗ב י֭וֹדֵעַ מָרַּ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּ֝בְשִׂמְחָת֗וֹ לֹא־יִתְעָ֥רַב זָֽר׃ |
The heart knows its own bitterness, And a stranger does not interfere with its joy. |
its own bitterness ← the bitterness of its soul. |
| Prov 14:11 | בֵּ֣ית רְ֭שָׁעִים יִשָּׁמֵ֑ד וְאֹ֖הֶל יְשָׁרִ֣ים יַפְרִֽיחַ׃ |
The house of the wicked will be destroyed, But the tent of the upright will flourish. |
|
| Prov 14:12 | יֵ֤שׁ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יָ֭שָׁר לִפְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְ֝אַחֲרִיתָ֗הּ דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת׃ |
There is a way which seems right from man's perspective, But its end is the ways of death. |
from man's perspective ← before man. |
| Prov 14:13 | גַּם־בִּשְׂח֥וֹק יִכְאַב־לֵ֑ב וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ שִׂמְחָ֣ה תוּגָֽה׃ |
Also in jesting there will be heartache, And the result of it is that the fun will become grief. |
there will be heartache ← the heart will ache.
result ← end (in time). |
| Prov 14:14 | מִדְּרָכָ֣יו יִ֭שְׂבַּע ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב וּ֝מֵעָלָ֗יו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב׃ |
A backslider in heart will be satiated with his ways, And over against this, so will the good man! |
over against this ← from on / against it. |
| Prov 14:15 | פֶּ֭תִי יַאֲמִ֣ין לְכָל־דָּבָ֑ר וְ֝עָר֗וּם יָבִ֥ין לַאֲשֻׁרֽוֹ׃ |
The gullible man believes every word, But the prudent understands his course. |
|
| Prov 14:16 | חָכָ֣ם יָ֭רֵא וְסָ֣ר מֵרָ֑ע וּ֝כְסִ֗יל מִתְעַבֵּ֥ר וּבוֹטֵֽחַ׃ |
A wise man is fearful And departs from evil, But a fool behaves wantonly And has confidence. |
|
| Prov 14:17 | קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אִוֶּ֑לֶת וְאִ֥ישׁ מְ֝זִמּ֗וֹת יִשָּׂנֵֽא׃ |
He who is impatient will act foolishly, And a scheming man will be hated. |
a scheming man ← a man of schemes, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 14:18 | נָחֲל֣וּ פְתָאיִ֣ם אִוֶּ֑לֶת וַֽ֝עֲרוּמִ֗ים יַכְתִּ֥רוּ דָֽעַת׃ |
The gullible inherit foolishness, But the prudent are crowned with knowledge. |
|
| Prov 14:19 | שַׁח֣וּ רָ֭עִים לִפְנֵ֣י טוֹבִ֑ים וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֥י צַדִּֽיק׃ |
The bad will submit to the good, And the wicked will be at the gates of the righteous one. |
bad ... good ... wicked: all plural. Followed by the singular righteous, suggesting a Messianic interpretation. |
| Prov 14:20 | גַּם־לְ֭רֵעֵהוּ יִשָּׂ֣נֵא רָ֑שׁ וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י עָשִׁ֣יר רַבִּֽים׃ |
The poor is hated even by his neighbour, But there are many who love a rich man. |
|
| Prov 14:21 | בָּז־לְרֵעֵ֥הוּ חוֹטֵ֑א וּמְחוֹנֵ֖ן *עניים **עֲנָוִ֣ים אַשְׁרָֽיו׃ |
A sinner despises his neighbour, But happy is he who is merciful to the {K: poor} [Q: meek]. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. |
| Prov 14:22 | הֲֽלוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע וְחֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝אֱמֶ֗ת חֹ֣רְשֵׁי טֽוֹב׃ |
Will not those who perpetrate evil perish, Whereas kindness and truth will accompany those who perform good? |
perpetrate ... perform ← plough ... plough.
perish ← go astray (to ruin). See [AnLx]. Compare Job 38:41. whereas: wider use of the vav. |
| Prov 14:23 | בְּכָל־עֶ֭צֶב יִהְיֶ֣ה מוֹתָ֑ר וּדְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר׃ |
In all hard work there will be abundance, But talking at length only leads to shortage. |
talking at length ← a word of lips. |
| Prov 14:24 | עֲטֶ֣רֶת חֲכָמִ֣ים עָשְׁרָ֑ם אִוֶּ֖לֶת כְּסִילִ֣ים אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
The crown of the wise is their wealth, But the stupidity of fools remains stupidity. |
|
| Prov 14:25 | מַצִּ֣יל נְ֭פָשׁוֹת עֵ֣ד אֱמֶ֑ת וְיָפִ֖חַ כְּזָבִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה׃ |
A true witness saves lives, But a deceitful witness utters lies. |
lives ← souls.
utters ← puffs out. |
| Prov 14:26 | בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מִבְטַח־עֹ֑ז וּ֝לְבָנָ֗יו יִהְיֶ֥ה מַחְסֶֽה׃ |
In the fear of the Lord is strong security, And his sons will have a refuge. |
strong security ← security of strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 14:27 | יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים לָ֝ס֗וּר מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ |
The fear of the Lord is the source of life, So as to avoid deadly snares. |
deadly snares ← snares of death, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 14:28 | בְּרָב־עָ֥ם הַדְרַת־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבְאֶ֥פֶס לְ֝אֹ֗ם מְחִתַּ֥ת רָזֽוֹן׃ |
The splendour of a king is in a large population, And lack of people is ruinous demise. |
large population ← multitude of people.
ruinous demise ← ruin of diminution, translated as a reverse Hebraic genitive. AV differs (destruction of the prince), from root רָזַן, not our רָזָה. |
| Prov 14:29 | אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם רַב־תְּבוּנָ֑ה וּקְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ מֵרִ֥ים אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
He who is patient is of great understanding, But he who is impatient extols foolishness. |
patient ← long of temperament.
impatient ← short of spirit. |
| Prov 14:30 | חַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א וּרְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה׃ |
A healthy heart is life in the flesh, But envy is rotting of the bones. |
healthy heart ← heart of health, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 14:31 | עֹ֣שֵֽׁק־דָּ֭ל חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וּ֝מְכַבְּד֗וֹ חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
He who oppresses the poor reproaches his maker, But he who honours him is gracious to the needy. |
|
| Prov 14:32 | בְּֽ֭רָעָתוֹ יִדָּחֶ֣ה רָשָׁ֑ע וְחֹסֶ֖ה בְמוֹת֣וֹ צַדִּֽיק׃ |
A wicked man will be abased by his evil, But the righteous has confidence at his death. |
|
| Prov 14:33 | בְּלֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן תָּנ֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה וּבְקֶ֥רֶב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים תִּוָּדֵֽעַ׃ |
Wisdom will rest in a judicious heart, And it will be made known among fools. |
and it will be made known: i.e. the fools will be “shown up” by wisdom. AV differs (but that which is ... is made known). |
| Prov 14:34 | צְדָקָ֥ה תְרֽוֹמֵֽם־גּ֑וֹי וְחֶ֖סֶד לְאֻמִּ֣ים חַטָּֽאת׃ |
Righteousness will exalt a people, But sin is a reproach to nations. |
reproach: a homonym; the more common meaning is kindness. |
| Prov 14:35 | רְֽצוֹן־מֶ֭לֶךְ לְעֶ֣בֶד מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וְ֝עֶבְרָת֗וֹ תִּהְיֶ֥ה מֵבִֽישׁ׃ |
A king's delight is in a sensible servant, But his wrath will be directed at him who causes shame. |
|
| Prov 15:1 | מַֽעֲנֶה־רַּ֭ךְ יָשִׁ֣יב חֵמָ֑ה וּדְבַר־עֶ֝֗צֶב יַעֲלֶה־אָֽף׃ |
A gentle answer turns wrath away, But a grievous word arouses anger. |
gentle ← soft. |
| Prov 15:2 | לְשׁ֣וֹן חֲ֭כָמִים תֵּיטִ֣יב דָּ֑עַת וּפִ֥י כְ֝סִילִ֗ים יַבִּ֥יעַ אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
The tongue of the wise makes good use of knowledge, But the mouth of fools utters stupidity. |
makes good use of knowledge ← knows well.
utters ← makes gush out. |
| Prov 15:3 | בְּֽכָל־מָ֭קוֹם עֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה צֹ֝פ֗וֹת רָעִ֥ים וטוֹבִֽים׃ |
The eyes of the Lord are in every place, Observing the bad and the good. |
the eyes of the Lord (etc.): compare Zech 4:10 and 2 Chr 16:9. |
| Prov 15:4 | מַרְפֵּ֣א לָ֭שׁוֹן עֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים וְסֶ֥לֶף בָּ֝֗הּ שֶׁ֣בֶר בְּרֽוּחַ׃ |
A calming tongue is a tree of life, But perverseness with the tongue is spiritual shipwreck. |
a calming tongue ← calmness / healing of tongue.
the tongue ← it, referring to tongue, not calming tongue. spiritual shipwreck ← breakage in spirit. |
| Prov 15:5 | אֱוִ֗יל יִ֭נְאַץ מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יו וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר תּוֹכַ֣חַת יַעְרִֽם׃ |
A fool scorns his father's correction, But he who respects reproof will act prudently. |
respects ← guards. |
| Prov 15:6 | בֵּ֣ית צַ֭דִּיק חֹ֣סֶן רָ֑ב וּבִתְבוּאַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע נֶעְכָּֽרֶת׃ |
The house of the righteous man is great wealth, But the income of the wicked man will bring trouble. |
|
| Prov 15:7 | שִׂפְתֵ֣י חֲ֭כָמִים יְזָ֣רוּ דָ֑עַת וְלֵ֖ב כְּסִילִ֣ים לֹא־כֵֽן׃ |
The lips of the wise broadcast knowledge, But the heart of fools is dishonest. |
dishonest: AV differs somewhat (not so), also possible, and ultimately from the same root (כּוּן). |
| Prov 15:8 | זֶ֣בַח רְ֭שָׁעִים תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וּתְפִלַּ֖ת יְשָׁרִ֣ים רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord, But the prayer of the upright is his delight. |
sacrifice of the wicked: a subjective genitive (the wicked sacrifice).
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Prov 15:9 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה דֶּ֣רֶךְ רָשָׁ֑ע וּמְרַדֵּ֖ף צְדָקָ֣ה יֶאֱהָֽב׃ |
The way of the wicked man is an abomination to the Lord, But he loves him who pursues righteousness. |
|
| Prov 15:10 | מוּסָ֣ר רָ֭ע לְעֹזֵ֣ב אֹ֑רַח שׂוֹנֵ֖א תוֹכַ֣חַת יָמֽוּת׃ |
Correction is baneful to him who leaves the way, And he who hates reproof will die. |
|
| Prov 15:11 | שְׁא֣וֹל וַ֭אֲבַדּוֹן נֶ֣גֶד יְהוָ֑ה אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לִבּ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־אָדָֽם׃ |
The grave and destruction are before the Lord; How much more the hearts of the sons of Adam! |
destruction: Hebrew Abaddon; compare Rev 9:11. |
| Prov 15:12 | לֹ֣א יֶאֱהַב־לֵ֭ץ הוֹכֵ֣חַֽ ל֑וֹ אֶל־חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים לֹ֣א יֵלֵֽךְ׃ |
The mocker does not love him who reproves him; He does not go to the wise. |
|
| Prov 15:13 | לֵ֣ב שָׂ֭מֵחַ יֵיטִ֣ב פָּנִ֑ים וּבְעַצְּבַת־לֵ֝ב ר֣וּחַ נְכֵאָֽה׃ |
A joyful heart makes the face cheerful, But in a sorrowful heart is a dejected spirit. |
a sorrowful heart ← sorrow of heart. |
| Prov 15:14 | לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן יְבַקֶּשׁ־דָּ֑עַת *ופני **וּפִ֥י כְ֝סִילִ֗ים יִרְעֶ֥ה אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
An astute mind seeks knowledge, But a fool's {K: face} [Q: mouth] feeds on nonsense. |
mind ← heart. |
| Prov 15:15 | כָּל־יְמֵ֣י עָנִ֣י רָעִ֑ים וְטֽוֹב־לֵ֝֗ב מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה תָמִֽיד׃ |
All the days of a poor man are bad, But he of a good heart has a continual banquet. |
|
| Prov 15:16 | טוֹב־מְ֭עַט בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה מֵאוֹצָ֥ר רָ֝֗ב וּמְה֥וּמָה בֽוֹ׃ |
It is better to have little, With fear of the Lord, Than great treasure, But turmoil with it. |
|
| Prov 15:17 | ט֤וֹב אֲרֻחַ֣ת יָ֭רָק וְאַהֲבָה־שָׁ֑ם מִשּׁ֥וֹר אָ֝ב֗וּס וְשִׂנְאָה־בֽוֹ׃ |
A meal of vegetables Where there is love Is better than a fatted ox Where there is hatred. |
where there is hatred ← and hatred in it. |
| Prov 15:18 | אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב׃ |
A bad-tempered man will stir up strife, But forbearance quietens a quarrel. |
bad-tempered man ← man of wrath.
forbearance ← length of temper. The alliteration (stir ... strife, quieten ... quarrel) was not deliberate. |
| Prov 15:19 | דֶּ֣רֶךְ עָ֭צֵל כִּמְשֻׂ֣כַת חָ֑דֶק וְאֹ֖רַח יְשָׁרִ֣ים סְלֻלָֽה׃ |
The way of the lazy is a hedge of thorns, But the path of the upright is a highway. |
a highway ← raised, or re-point as סֺלְלָה, a rampart. |
| Prov 15:20 | בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב וּכְסִ֥יל אָ֝דָ֗ם בּוֹזֶ֥ה אִמּֽוֹ׃ |
A wise son brings joy to the father, But a foolish man despises his mother. |
|
| Prov 15:21 | אִ֭וֶּלֶת שִׂמְחָ֣ה לַחֲסַר־לֵ֑ב וְאִ֥ישׁ תְּ֝בוּנָ֗ה יְיַשֶׁר־לָֽכֶת׃ |
Foolishness is joy to the weak-minded, But a man of understanding walks in uprightness. |
weak-minded ← lacking heart.
walks in uprightness ← makes going straight. |
| Prov 15:22 | הָפֵ֣ר מַ֭חֲשָׁבוֹת בְּאֵ֣ין ס֑וֹד וּבְרֹ֖ב יוֹעֲצִ֣ים תָּקֽוּם׃ |
Projects fail for lack of consultation, But you will prosper if you have plenty of counsellors. |
fail: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
prosper ← rise, but with wider scope. AV differs (they are established). if you have ← by. |
| Prov 15:23 | שִׂמְחָ֣ה לָ֭אִישׁ בְּמַעֲנֵה־פִ֑יו וְדָבָ֖ר בְּעִתּ֣וֹ מַה־טּֽוֹב׃ |
A man's joy comes from the aptness of his speech, And how good a word in season is! |
aptness of his speech ← answer / intent of his mouth, so answerableness.
in season ← in its season. |
| Prov 15:24 | אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים לְמַ֣עְלָה לְמַשְׂכִּ֑יל לְמַ֥עַן ס֝֗וּר מִשְּׁא֥וֹל מָֽטָּה׃ |
The way of life to the sensible is upwards, So as to avoid the grave below. |
avoid ← depart from. |
| Prov 15:25 | בֵּ֣ית גֵּ֭אִים יִסַּ֥ח ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝יַצֵּ֗ב גְּב֣וּל אַלְמָנָֽה׃ |
The Lord will pluck the house of the proud away, But he will appoint an estate for the widow. |
estate ← boundary.
for ← of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 15:26 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת רָ֑ע וּ֝טְהֹרִ֗ים אִמְרֵי־נֹֽעַם׃ |
The thoughts of the evil man are an abomination to the Lord, But pleasant words are pure. |
abomination to ← abomination of.
pleasant words ← words of pleasantness, a Hebraic genitive. pleasant words are pure: or the pure (utter) pleasant words. AV differs (the words of the pure are pleasant words). |
| Prov 15:27 | עֹכֵ֣ר בֵּ֭יתוֹ בּוֹצֵ֣עַ בָּ֑צַע וְשׂוֹנֵ֖א מַתָּנֹ֣ת יִחְיֶֽה׃ |
He who engages in robbery Brings trouble on his household, But he who hates bribes Will live. |
bribes ← gifts. |
| Prov 15:28 | לֵ֣ב צַ֭דִּיק יֶהְגֶּ֣ה לַעֲנ֑וֹת וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יַבִּ֥יעַ רָעֽוֹת׃ |
A righteous heart meditates on how to give an answer, But the mouth of the wicked exudes evil things. |
|
| Prov 15:29 | רָח֣וֹק יְ֭הוָה מֵרְשָׁעִ֑ים וּתְפִלַּ֖ת צַדִּיקִ֣ים יִשְׁמָֽע׃ |
The Lord is far away from the wicked, But he hears the prayer of the righteous. |
|
| Prov 15:30 | מְֽאוֹר־עֵ֭ינַיִם יְשַׂמַּֽח־לֵ֑ב שְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה תְּדַשֶּׁן־עָֽצֶם׃ |
The light of the eyes makes the heart glad, And a good report heard nourishes a person. |
the light of the eyes: i.e. what is seen.
nourishes ← fattens. person ← bone; body. |
| Prov 15:31 | אֹ֗זֶן שֹׁ֭מַעַת תּוֹכַ֣חַת חַיִּ֑ים בְּקֶ֖רֶב חֲכָמִ֣ים תָּלִֽין׃ |
An ear that hears reproof which gives life Will dwell in the company of the wise. |
reproof which gives life ← reproof of life. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 15:32 | פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מ֭וּסָר מוֹאֵ֣ס נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְשׁוֹמֵ֥עַ תּ֝וֹכַ֗חַת ק֣וֹנֶה לֵּֽב׃ |
He who disregards correction Rejects his own self, But he who heeds reproof Acquires inward understanding. |
self ← soul.
inward understanding ← a heart. |
| Prov 15:33 | יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מוּסַ֣ר חָכְמָ֑ה וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָב֣וֹד עֲנָוָֽה׃ |
The fear of the Lord yields wise reproof, And before honour can come, Meekness is warranted. |
wise reproof ← reproof of wisdom, a Hebraic subjective genitive (wisdom reproves). |
| Prov 16:1 | לְאָדָ֥ם מַֽעַרְכֵי־לֵ֑ב וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה מַעֲנֵ֥ה לָשֽׁוֹן׃ |
Man has resolutions, But from the Lord comes the spoken answer. |
resolutions ← arrangements of heart.
spoken answer ← answer of the tongue. |
| Prov 16:2 | כָּֽל־דַּרְכֵי־אִ֭ישׁ זַ֣ךְ בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְתֹכֵ֖ן רוּח֣וֹת יְהוָֽה׃ |
All man's ways are pure in his own eyes, But the Lord assesses the nature of spirits. |
assesses ← weighs. |
| Prov 16:3 | גֹּ֣ל אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וְ֝יִכֹּ֗נוּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Commit your deeds to the Lord, And your thoughts will be well-grounded. |
commit ← roll.
well-grounded ← made firm. |
| Prov 16:4 | כֹּ֤ל פָּעַ֣ל יְ֭הוָה לַֽמַּעֲנֵ֑הוּ וְגַם־רָ֝שָׁ֗ע לְי֣וֹם רָעָֽה׃ |
The Lord has made everything for his own purpose, Including even the wicked one for the day of evil. |
purpose ← answer, but also intent, purpose. See Prov 15:23. |
| Prov 16:5 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה כָּל־גְּבַהּ־לֵ֑ב יָ֥ד לְ֝יָ֗ד לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה׃ |
Everyone of a haughty heart is an abomination to the Lord, And he who colludes with them will not be held innocent. |
abomination to: see Prov 15:26.
he who colludes ← hand to hand. AV differs somewhat. |
| Prov 16:6 | בְּחֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭אֱמֶת יְכֻפַּ֣ר עָוֺ֑ן וּבְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃ |
Iniquity is atoned for by kindness and truth, And by fear of the Lord, So as to depart from evil. |
|
| Prov 16:7 | בִּרְצ֣וֹת יְ֭הוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ גַּם־א֝וֹיְבָ֗יו יַשְׁלִ֥ם אִתּֽוֹ׃ |
When a man's ways are pleasing to the Lord, He will cause even that man's enemies to be at peace with him. |
pleasing to ← the pleasure of.
even that man's ← also his. |
| Prov 16:8 | טוֹב־מְ֭עַט בִּצְדָקָ֑ה מֵרֹ֥ב תְּ֝בוּא֗וֹת בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
A little obtained righteously is better Than abundance of produce obtained unjustly. |
|
| Prov 16:9 | לֵ֣ב אָ֭דָם יְחַשֵּׁ֣ב דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וַֽ֝יהוָ֗ה יָכִ֥ין צַעֲדֽוֹ׃ |
A man's heart plans his course, But it is the Lord who directs his steps. |
|
| Prov 16:10 | קֶ֤סֶם ׀ עַֽל־שִׂפְתֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ בְּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט לֹ֣א יִמְעַל־פִּֽיו׃ |
When there is an oracle on the lips of a king, His pronouncement will not be perverse in jurisdiction. |
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| Prov 16:11 | פֶּ֤לֶס ׀ וּמֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭שְׁפָּט לַֽיהוָ֑ה מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗הוּ כָּל־אַבְנֵי־כִֽיס׃ |
The Lord has a just balance and scales; All the weights of the bag are his work. |
weights ← stones. |
| Prov 16:12 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מְ֭לָכִים עֲשׂ֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע כִּ֥י בִ֝צְדָקָ֗ה יִכּ֥וֹן כִּסֵּֽא׃ |
It is an abomination to kings to act wickedly, For his throne is established on the basis of righteousness. |
an abomination to kings ← an abomination of kings. Wider use of the construct state. A subjective genitive (kings abominate).
act wickedly ← do wickedness. |
| Prov 16:13 | רְצ֣וֹן מְ֭לָכִים שִׂפְתֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וְדֹבֵ֖ר יְשָׁרִ֣ים יֶאֱהָֽב׃ |
Just pronouncements are the delight of kings, And he loves him who speaks uprightly. |
pronouncements ← lips.
he loves: AV differs (they love). Perhaps understand each loves. uprightly ← upright (things). |
| Prov 16:14 | חֲמַת־מֶ֥לֶךְ מַלְאֲכֵי־מָ֑וֶת וְאִ֖ישׁ חָכָ֣ם יְכַפְּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
The wrath of a king is like angels of death, But a wise man will appease it. |
|
| Prov 16:15 | בְּאוֹר־פְּנֵי־מֶ֥לֶךְ חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝רְצוֹנ֗וֹ כְּעָ֣ב מַלְקֽוֹשׁ׃ |
In the light of the appearance of the king is life, And acceptance by him is like a cloud of latter rain. |
appearance ← face.
acceptance by him ← his acceptance. A subjective genitive (he accepts). |
| Prov 16:16 | קְֽנֹה־חָכְמָ֗ה מַה־טּ֥וֹב מֵחָר֑וּץ וּקְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר מִכָּֽסֶף׃ |
How much better it is to acquire wisdom than pure gold, And how preferable to acquire understanding than silver! |
to acquire (first occurrence in verse): a rare infinitive construct form, also seen in Prov 21:3. |
| Prov 16:17 | מְסִלַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים ס֣וּר מֵרָ֑ע שֹׁמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ נֹצֵ֥ר דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
The course of the upright is to depart from evil; He who guards his way keeps his life safe. |
life ← soul. |
| Prov 16:18 | לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ׃ |
Pride comes before a disaster, And a haughty spirit before ruin. |
a disaster ← breakage.
a haughty spirit ← height of spirit. |
| Prov 16:19 | ט֣וֹב שְׁפַל־ר֭וּחַ אֶת־*עניים **עֲנָוִ֑ים מֵֽחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁ֝לָ֗ל אֶת־גֵּאִֽים׃ |
It is better to be of a lowly spirit with the {Q: meek} [K: poor] Than to share spoil with the proud. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. |
| Prov 16:20 | מַשְׂכִּ֣יל עַל־דָּ֭בָר יִמְצָא־ט֑וֹב וּבוֹטֵ֖חַ בַּיהוָ֣ה אַשְׁרָֽיו׃ |
He who acts sensibly in a matter will find good, And happy is he who trusts in the Lord. |
|
| Prov 16:21 | לַחֲכַם־לֵ֭ב יִקָּרֵ֣א נָב֑וֹן וּמֶ֥תֶק שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם יֹסִ֥יף לֶֽקַח׃ |
The wise in heart will be called astute, And sweet lips add to learning. |
wise in heart ← wise of heart. Wider use of the construct state.
sweet lips ← sweetness of lips. |
| Prov 16:22 | מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים שֵׂ֣כֶל בְּעָלָ֑יו וּמוּסַ֖ר אֱוִלִ֣ים אִוֶּֽלֶת׃ |
Insight is a source of life to those who possess it, But correction by fools Is simply foolishness. |
correction by fools ← correction of fools. Wider use of the construct state. A subjective genitive (fools correct). An objective genitive is also possible (correcting fools), in the sense of casting pearls before swine (Matt 7:6). |
| Prov 16:23 | לֵ֣ב חָ֭כָם יַשְׂכִּ֣יל פִּ֑יהוּ וְעַל־שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו יֹסִ֥יף לֶֽקַח׃ |
A wise heart instructs one's mouth, And adds learning to one's lips. |
one's mouth: i.e. what to say. |
| Prov 16:24 | צוּף־דְּ֭בַשׁ אִמְרֵי־נֹ֑עַם מָת֥וֹק לַ֝נֶּפֶשׁ וּמַרְפֵּ֥א לָעָֽצֶם׃ |
Pleasant words are a honeycomb – Sweet to one's sentiments, And healing to the body. |
pleasant words ← words of pleasantness, a Hebraic genitive.
one's sentiments ← the soul. |
| Prov 16:25 | יֵ֤שׁ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יָ֭שָׁר לִפְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְ֝אַחֲרִיתָ֗הּ דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת׃ |
There is a way which seems right from man's perspective, But its end is the ways of death. |
from man's perspective ← to man's face.
Compare Prov 14:12. |
| Prov 16:26 | נֶ֣פֶשׁ עָ֭מֵל עָ֣מְלָה לּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־אָכַ֖ף עָלָ֣יו פִּֽיהוּ׃ |
A person who toils Toils for himself, For his aspirations urge him on. |
person ← soul.
his aspirations urge him on ← his mouth presses down on him. |
| Prov 16:27 | אִ֣ישׁ בְּ֭לִיַּעַל כֹּרֶ֣ה רָעָ֑ה וְעַל־*שפתיו **שְׂ֝פָת֗וֹ כְּאֵ֣שׁ צָרָֽבֶת׃ |
A useless man plots evil, And what is on his {K: lips} [Q: lip] is like a scorching fire. |
plots ← digs.
a scorching fire ← a fire of scorching, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 16:28 | אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת יְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָד֑וֹן וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף׃ |
A subversive man launches into contention, And a gossipmonger separates friends. |
subversive man ← man of subversions, a Hebraic genitive.
friends ← a friend. |
| Prov 16:29 | אִ֣ישׁ חָ֭מָס יְפַתֶּ֣ה רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝הוֹלִיכ֗וֹ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ לֹא־טֽוֹב׃ |
A malevolent man deceives his neighbour And leads him on a way which is not good. |
malevolent ← violent, but here figuratively. |
| Prov 16:30 | עֹצֶ֣ה עֵ֭ינָיו לַחְשֹׁ֣ב תַּהְפֻּכ֑וֹת קֹרֵ֥ץ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו כִּלָּ֥ה רָעָֽה׃ |
He who shuts his eyes So as to contemplate subversion Seals his lips And concludes evil intent. |
seals ← presses together. |
| Prov 16:31 | עֲטֶ֣רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת שֵׂיבָ֑ה בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה תִּמָּצֵֽא׃ |
Grey hairs constitute a crown of splendour If it is acquired on the righteous way. |
acquired ← found, but also acquired. |
| Prov 16:32 | ט֤וֹב אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם מִגִּבּ֑וֹר וּמֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝רוּח֗וֹ מִלֹּכֵ֥ד עִֽיר׃ |
A man of forbearance is better than a warrior, And one who can control his spirit Is better than one who can capture a city. |
|
| Prov 16:33 | בַּ֭חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַגּוֹרָ֑ל וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽוֹ׃ |
One's lot is cast into the lap, But from the Lord comes all his judgment. |
|
| Prov 17:1 | ט֤וֹב פַּ֣ת חֲ֭רֵבָה וְשַׁלְוָה־בָ֑הּ מִ֝בַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֥א זִבְחֵי־רִֽיב׃ |
A dry morsel when there is calm with it Is better than a house full of meat with strife. |
meat with ← sacrifices of, but also used of slaughter for meat. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 17:2 | עֶֽבֶד־מַשְׂכִּ֗יל יִ֭מְשֹׁל בְּבֵ֣ן מֵבִ֑ישׁ וּבְת֥וֹךְ אַ֝חִ֗ים יַחֲלֹ֥ק נַחֲלָֽה׃ |
An intelligent servant will rule over a son who causes shame, And he will have a share of the inheritance among the brothers. |
|
| Prov 17:3 | מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭כֶּסֶף וְכ֣וּר לַזָּהָ֑ב וּבֹחֵ֖ן לִבּ֣וֹת יְהוָֽה׃ |
The crucible is for silver, And the furnace for gold, But it is the Lord who tests hearts. |
|
| Prov 17:4 | מֵ֭רַע מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל־שְׂפַת־אָ֑וֶן שֶׁ֥קֶר מֵ֝זִין עַל־לְשׁ֥וֹן הַוֺּֽת׃ |
An evildoer heeds unprofitable lips, And a lie feeds a perverse tongue. |
unprofitable lips ... perverse tongue ← a lip of nothingness ... a tongue of perversities, Hebraic genitives.
lie: AV differs, liar, but only here; elsewhere lie or similar. feeds: AV differs (giveth ear). We take the verb as הֵזִין, root זוּן, not AV's הֶאֱזִין. AV's reading cannot be ruled out. |
| Prov 17:5 | לֹעֵ֣ג לָ֭רָשׁ חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ שָׂמֵ֥חַ לְ֝אֵ֗יד לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה׃ |
He who mocks the poor Reproaches his maker; He who rejoices in another's calamity Will not be absolved. |
|
| Prov 17:6 | עֲטֶ֣רֶת זְ֭קֵנִים בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים וְתִפְאֶ֖רֶת בָּנִ֣ים אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ |
Grandchildren are the crown of old men, And the glory of sons is their fathers. |
grandchildren ← sons of sons, so grandsons.
fathers: including forefathers. |
| Prov 17:7 | לֹא־נָאוָ֣ה לְנָבָ֣ל שְׂפַת־יֶ֑תֶר אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לְנָדִ֥יב שְׂפַת־שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
Verbosity is not becoming to an irreverent man; How much less lying lips to a well-bred man! |
verbosity ← a lip of abundance.
lying lips ← a lying lip. |
| Prov 17:8 | אֶֽבֶן־חֵ֣ן הַ֭שֹּׁחַד בְּעֵינֵ֣י בְעָלָ֑יו אֶֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִפְנֶ֣ה יַשְׂכִּֽיל׃ |
A gift is a beautiful gemstone in the eyes of its owner; Wherever he turns, He considers it. |
a beautiful gemstone ← a stone of grace, a Hebraic genitive.
he ... he considers it: AV differs (it ... it prospers). |
| Prov 17:9 | מְֽכַסֶּה־פֶּ֭שַׁע מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אַהֲבָ֑ה וְשֹׁנֶ֥ה בְ֝דָבָ֗ר מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף׃ |
He who pardons a transgression Seeks love, But he who is fickle in a matter Alienates friends. |
pardons ← covers.
is fickle: or repeats. Compare Prov 24:21. alienates friends ← separates a friend. |
| Prov 17:10 | תֵּ֣חַת גְּעָרָ֣ה בְמֵבִ֑ין מֵהַכּ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל מֵאָֽה׃ |
A rebuke is more effective With one who has understanding Than a hundred beatings With a fool. |
is ... effective ← descends; lands (home).
with a fool ← of a fool. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 17:11 | אַךְ־מְרִ֥י יְבַקֶּשׁ־רָ֑ע וּמַלְאָ֥ךְ אַ֝כְזָרִ֗י יְשֻׁלַּח־בּֽוֹ׃ |
Surely rebellion invites trouble, And a cruel emissary will be sent against it. |
invites ← seeks.
AV differs in several respects which are also possible. |
| Prov 17:12 | פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּאִ֑ישׁ וְאַל־כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּאִוַּלְתּֽוֹ׃ |
May a bereaved bear meet a man Rather than that a fool in his stupidity should meet him. |
may ... meet: infinitive absolute in the role of the jussive.
rather than ← and not. |
| Prov 17:13 | מֵשִׁ֣יב רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה לֹא־*תמיש **תָמ֥וּשׁ רָ֝עָ֗ה מִבֵּיתֽוֹ׃ |
As for him who requites evil for good, Evil will not retreat from his house. |
retreat: a yod / vav issue, but the meanings are the same. |
| Prov 17:14 | פּ֣וֹטֵֽר מַ֭יִם רֵאשִׁ֣ית מָד֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י הִ֝תְגַּלַּ֗ע הָרִ֥יב נְטֽוֹשׁ׃ |
The beginning of strife is like when one lets water escape, So abandon the quarrel before it becomes heated. |
becomes heated: AV differs (be meddled with). |
| Prov 17:15 | מַצְדִּ֣יק רָ֭שָׁע וּמַרְשִׁ֣יעַ צַדִּ֑יק תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
He who justifies a wicked man, And he who condemns a righteous man Are both an abomination to the Lord. |
both ← also both, giving emphasis, both, each for their part.
abomination to ← abomination of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 17:16 | לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה מְחִ֣יר בְּיַד־כְּסִ֑יל לִקְנ֖וֹת חָכְמָ֣ה וְלֶב־אָֽיִן׃ |
Why, then, is there a payment in a fool's hand to buy wisdom When he has no heart to receive it? |
payment ← price. |
| Prov 17:17 | בְּכָל־עֵ֭ת אֹהֵ֣ב הָרֵ֑עַ וְאָ֥ח לְ֝צָרָ֗ה יִוָּלֵֽד׃ |
A friend shows love at all times, And a brother is born for adversity. |
a friend ← the friend. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Prov 17:18 | אָדָ֣ם חֲסַר־לֵ֭ב תּוֹקֵ֣עַ כָּ֑ף עֹרֵ֥ב עֲ֝רֻבָּ֗ה לִפְנֵ֥י רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ |
A weak-minded man strikes a deal And offers security in the presence of his neighbour. |
weak-minded ← lacking heart.
a deal ← palm (of hand). |
| Prov 17:19 | אֹ֣הֵֽב פֶּ֭שַׁע אֹהֵ֣ב מַצָּ֑ה מַגְבִּ֥יהַּ פִּ֝תְח֗וֹ מְבַקֶּשׁ־שָֽׁבֶר׃ |
He who loves transgression Loves a quarrel, And he who has a high door Courts disaster. |
has a high door ← makes his entrance high, i.e. flaunts his wealth.
courts ← seeks. |
| Prov 17:20 | עִקֶּשׁ־לֵ֭ב לֹ֣א יִמְצָא־ט֑וֹב וְנֶהְפָּ֥ךְ בִּ֝לְשׁוֹנ֗וֹ יִפּ֥וֹל בְּרָעָֽה׃ |
He who is of a perverse heart Will not find good, And he who is subversive with his tongue Will fall into evil. |
|
| Prov 17:21 | יֹלֵ֣ד כְּ֭סִיל לְת֣וּגָה ל֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח אֲבִ֣י נָבָֽל׃ |
If one begets a fool, It will be sorrow for him, And the father of an irreverent son Does not have joy. |
|
| Prov 17:22 | לֵ֣ב שָׂ֭מֵחַ יֵיטִ֣ב גֵּהָ֑ה וְר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה תְּיַבֶּשׁ־גָּֽרֶם׃ |
A joyful heart brings good healing, But a dejected spirit parches the human frame. |
|
| Prov 17:23 | שֹׁ֣חַד מֵ֭חֵיק רָשָׁ֣ע יִקָּ֑ח לְ֝הַטּ֗וֹת אָרְח֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
A wicked man takes a bribe out of the lap To pervert the course of justice. |
the lap: where the purse is kept.
course ← paths. |
| Prov 17:24 | אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י מֵבִ֣ין חָכְמָ֑ה וְעֵינֵ֥י כְ֝סִ֗יל בִּקְצֵה־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Wisdom is in prospect to him who understands, But the eyes of a fool are fixed on the end of the earth. |
|
| Prov 17:25 | כַּ֣עַס לְ֭אָבִיו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל וּ֝מֶ֗מֶר לְיוֹלַדְתּֽוֹ׃ |
A foolish son is a frustration to his father And an exasperation to her who gave birth to him. |
|
| Prov 17:26 | גַּ֤ם עֲנ֣וֹשׁ לַצַּדִּ֣יק לֹא־ט֑וֹב לְהַכּ֖וֹת נְדִיבִ֣ים עַל־יֹֽשֶׁר׃ |
It is not right at all to punish the righteous, Or to beat the noble-minded for their uprightness. |
at all ← also, but with wider, intensifying, scope. |
| Prov 17:27 | חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ אֲ֭מָרָיו יוֹדֵ֣עַ דָּ֑עַת *וקר־**יְקַר־ר֝֗וּחַ אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
He who possesses knowledge is sparing with his speeches, {Q: And} [K: And] a man of understanding is of a {Q: highly prized} [K: cool] spirit. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. |
| Prov 17:28 | גַּ֤ם אֱוִ֣יל מַ֭חֲרִישׁ חָכָ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣יו נָבֽוֹן׃ |
Even a fool who is silent Is considered wise, And he who seals his lips, Astute. |
|
| Prov 18:1 | לְֽ֭תַאֲוָה יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ נִפְרָ֑ד בְּכָל־תּ֝וּשִׁיָּ֗ה יִתְגַּלָּֽע׃ |
A recluse seeks to fulfil his yearning, And despite all his resourcefulness, He flares up. |
recluse ← separated (man).
AV differs in some respects. |
| Prov 18:2 | לֹֽא־יַחְפֹּ֣ץ כְּ֭סִיל בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה כִּ֝֗י אִֽם־בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
A fool does not take delight in understanding, But in laying open his heart. |
in laying open: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Prov 18:3 | בְּֽבוֹא־רָ֭שָׁע בָּ֣א גַם־בּ֑וּז וְֽעִם־קָל֥וֹן חֶרְפָּֽה׃ |
When a wicked man comes, Contempt comes too, And with shame comes reproach. |
AV differs somewhat. |
| Prov 18:4 | מַ֣יִם עֲ֭מֻקִּים דִּבְרֵ֣י פִי־אִ֑ישׁ נַ֥חַל נֹ֝בֵ֗עַ מְק֣וֹר חָכְמָֽה׃ |
The words of a man's mouth are deep waters, And the source of wisdom is a gushing stream. |
and: perhaps supply but. |
| Prov 18:5 | שְׂאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־רָשָׁ֣ע לֹא־ט֑וֹב לְהַטּ֥וֹת צַ֝דִּ֗יק בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
To show partiality to the wicked is not good, Nor is it to pervert the course of justice of the righteous man. |
to show partiality to ← to lift the face of.
to pervert the course of justice of the righteous ← to divert the righteous in justice. |
| Prov 18:6 | שִׂפְתֵ֣י כְ֭סִיל יָבֹ֣אֽוּ בְרִ֑יב וּ֝פִ֗יו לְֽמַהֲלֻמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא׃ |
The lips of the fool enter into a quarrel, And his mouth calls out for beatings. |
|
| Prov 18:7 | פִּֽי־כְ֭סִיל מְחִתָּה־ל֑וֹ וּ֝שְׂפָתָ֗יו מוֹקֵ֥שׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
The fool's mouth is his ruin, And his lips are a trap for his life. |
a trap for ← a trap of. Wider use of the construct state.
life ← soul. |
| Prov 18:8 | דִּבְרֵ֣י נִ֭רְגָּן כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑ים וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃ |
The words of a gossipmonger are like delicacies, Which go down to the inner parts of the belly. |
delicacies: as [AnLx]; [BDB]= dainties. AV differs (wounds). |
| Prov 18:9 | גַּ֭ם מִתְרַפֶּ֣ה בִמְלַאכְתּ֑וֹ אָ֥ח ה֝֗וּא לְבַ֣עַל מַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
Also he who is slack in his work Is a brother to a ruinous man. |
ruinous man ← possessor of ruination. |
| Prov 18:10 | מִגְדַּל־עֹ֭ז שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה בּֽוֹ־יָר֖וּץ צַדִּ֣יק וְנִשְׂגָּֽב׃ |
The name of the Lord is a tower of strength. To him the righteous man runs And is set on high. |
|
| Prov 18:11 | ה֣וֹן עָ֭שִׁיר קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑וֹ וּכְחוֹמָ֥ה נִ֝שְׂגָּבָ֗ה בְּמַשְׂכִּיתֽוֹ׃ |
A rich man's wealth is his strong town, And it is like a high wall in his imagination. |
imagination: AV differs somewhat (conceit). |
| Prov 18:12 | לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֭בֶר יִגְבַּ֣הּ לֵב־אִ֑ישׁ וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָב֣וֹד עֲנָוָֽה׃ |
A man's heart is haughty before a disaster, But meekness is warranted before honour. |
a disaster ← breakage. |
| Prov 18:13 | מֵשִׁ֣יב דָּ֭בָר בְּטֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁמָ֑ע אִוֶּ֥לֶת הִיא־ל֝֗וֹ וּכְלִמָּֽה׃ |
When one gives an answer before he has heard, It is foolishness and ignominy to his account. |
|
| Prov 18:14 | רֽוּחַ־אִ֭ישׁ יְכַלְכֵּ֣ל מַחֲלֵ֑הוּ וְר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה מִ֣י יִשָּׂאֶֽנָּה׃ |
The spirit of a man sustains him in his infirmity, But as for a dejected spirit, Who can endure it? |
|
| Prov 18:15 | לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן יִקְנֶה־דָּ֑עַת וְאֹ֥זֶן חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים תְּבַקֶּשׁ־דָּֽעַת׃ |
An understanding heart acquires knowledge, And it is knowledge that the ear of the wise seeks. |
knowledge ... knowledge: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Prov 18:16 | מַתָּ֣ן אָ֭דָם יַרְחִ֣יב ל֑וֹ וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְדֹלִ֣ים יַנְחֶֽנּוּ׃ |
A gift from a man provides relief for him And leads him to the presence of the great. |
provides relief for ← widens. |
| Prov 18:17 | צַדִּ֣יק הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן בְּרִיב֑וֹ *יבא־**וּבָֽא־רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ וַחֲקָרֽוֹ׃ |
The first to state his case seems right in his lawsuit, {K: But} [Q: But] when his neighbour comes, He investigates him. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue.
lawsuit ← quarrel. |
| Prov 18:18 | מִ֭דְיָנִים יַשְׁבִּ֣ית הַגּוֹרָ֑ל וּבֵ֖ין עֲצוּמִ֣ים יַפְרִֽיד׃ |
The lot as determined puts an end to disputes, And it parts great men. |
parts ← parts between. |
| Prov 18:19 | אָ֗ח נִפְשָׁ֥ע מִקִּרְיַת־עֹ֑ז *ומדונים **וּ֝מִדְיָנִ֗ים כִּבְרִ֥יחַ אַרְמֽוֹן׃ |
An offended brother is more difficult to win over Than a strong town, As are arguments Than a castle gate bolt. |
arguments: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Prov 6:14 is similar, but with scriptio defectiva in the ketiv. |
| Prov 18:20 | מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע בִּטְנ֑וֹ תְּבוּאַ֖ת שְׂפָתָ֣יו יִשְׂבָּֽע׃ |
By the fruit of a man's mouth His stomach will be satisfied, And by the produce of his lips He will be satiated. |
satisfied ... satiated ← satisfied ... satisfied. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Prov 18:21 | מָ֣וֶת וְ֭חַיִּים בְּיַד־לָשׁ֑וֹן וְ֝אֹהֲבֶ֗יהָ יֹאכַ֥ל פִּרְיָֽהּ׃ |
Life and death are in the power of the tongue, And those who love it Will eat its fruit. |
life and death ← death and life.
eat its fruit: i.e. reap the consequences (good or bad). |
| Prov 18:22 | מָצָ֣א אִ֭שָּׁה מָ֣צָא ט֑וֹב וַיָּ֥פֶק רָ֝צ֗וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ |
He who has found a wife Has found something good And has received goodwill from the Lord. |
|
| Prov 18:23 | תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר־רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר יַעֲנֶ֥ה עַזּֽוֹת׃ |
He who is impoverished utters supplications, But a rich man answers with harsh words. |
|
| Prov 18:24 | אִ֣ישׁ רֵ֭עִים לְהִתְרֹעֵ֑עַ וְיֵ֥שׁ אֹ֝הֵ֗ב דָּבֵ֥ק מֵאָֽח׃ |
A man may have friends Who bring him to breaking point, But there is one who loves him And is attached to him more than a brother. |
to breaking point ← to being broken, from root רָעַע, as [AnLx]. AV differs (must shew himself friendly), from root רָעָה. [BDB] offers both meanings. |
| Prov 19:1 | טֽוֹב־רָ֭שׁ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּתֻמּ֑וֹ מֵעִקֵּ֥שׁ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו וְה֣וּא כְסִֽיל׃ |
An impoverished man who walks in his integrity Is better than one who is of perverse lips And who is a fool. |
|
| Prov 19:2 | גַּ֤ם בְּלֹא־דַ֣עַת נֶ֣פֶשׁ לֹא־ט֑וֹב וְאָ֖ץ בְּרַגְלַ֣יִם חוֹטֵֽא׃ |
Also it is not good That a person should be without knowledge, And he who hastens impetuously Sins. |
person ← soul.
hastens impetuously ← hastens with feet. |
| Prov 19:3 | אִוֶּ֣לֶת אָ֭דָם תְּסַלֵּ֣ף דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וְעַל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִזְעַ֥ף לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
The foolishness of a man perverts his way, And his heart becomes dispirited with the Lord. |
|
| Prov 19:4 | ה֗וֹן יֹ֭סִיף רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝דָ֗ל מֵרֵ֥עהוּ יִפָּרֵֽד׃ |
Wealth makes many extra friends, But a poor man becomes separated from his friend. |
makes ... extra ← adds. |
| Prov 19:5 | עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט׃ |
A false witness will not be held guiltless, And he who belches out lies will not escape. |
false witness ← witness of lies, a Hebraic genitive.
belches out ← puffs out. |
| Prov 19:6 | רַ֭בִּים יְחַלּ֣וּ פְנֵֽי־נָדִ֑יב וְכָל־הָ֝רֵ֗עַ לְאִ֣ישׁ מַתָּֽן׃ |
Many appeal to the noble-minded, And everyone is the friend of a generous man. |
appeal to ← weaken the face of.
generous man ← man of a gift. |
| Prov 19:7 | כָּ֥ל אֲחֵי־רָ֨שׁ ׀ שְֽׂנֵאֻ֗הוּ אַ֤ף כִּ֣י מְ֭רֵעֵהוּ רָחֲק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ מְרַדֵּ֖ף אֲמָרִ֣ים *לא־**לוֹ־הֵֽמָּה׃ |
All the brothers of an impoverished man hate him; How much more do his friends distance themselves from him! He accosts them {K: eloquently, but they are not obliging} [Q: with sayings of his]. |
accosts ← pursues.
eloquently (ketiv) ← (with) sayings. |
| Prov 19:8 | קֹֽנֶה־לֵּ֭ב אֹהֵ֣ב נַפְשׁ֑וֹ שֹׁמֵ֥ר תְּ֝בוּנָ֗ה לִמְצֹא־טֽוֹב׃ |
He who acquires a right heart Loves his life, As he nurtures understanding So as to find what is good. |
life ← soul.
nurtures ← keeps. |
| Prov 19:9 | עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֖יחַ כְּזָבִ֣ים יֹאבֵֽד׃ פ |
A false witness will not be held guiltless, And he who belches out lies will perish. |
false witness ← witness of lies, a Hebraic genitive.
belches out ← puffs out. |
| Prov 19:10 | לֹֽא־נָאוֶ֣ה לִכְסִ֣יל תַּעֲנ֑וּג אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לְעֶ֤בֶד ׀ מְשֹׁ֬ל בְּשָׂרִֽים׃ |
Luxury is not befitting for a fool; How much less is it befitting for a servant to rule over princes! |
|
| Prov 19:11 | שֵׂ֣כֶל אָ֭דָם הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑וֹ וְ֝תִפאַרְתּ֗וֹ עֲבֹ֣ר עַל־פָּֽשַׁע׃ |
A man's insight stems his anger, And it is to his credit To pass over a transgression. |
stems his anger ← prolongs his forbearing-temper. Compare Prov 15:18.
credit ← splendour, glory. |
| Prov 19:12 | נַ֣הַם כַּ֭כְּפִיר זַ֣עַף מֶ֑לֶךְ וּכְטַ֖ל עַל־עֵ֣שֶׂב רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
The anger of a king is like the growling of a young lion, But his goodwill is like dew on grass. |
like the growling of a young lion ← growling like the young lion. |
| Prov 19:13 | הַוֺּ֣ת לְ֭אָבִיו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל וְדֶ֥לֶף טֹ֝רֵ֗ד מִדְיְנֵ֥י אִשָּֽׁה׃ |
A foolish son is a calamity to his father, And the contentions of a wife are like a continual drip. |
calamity ← calamities.
continual: or tempestuous. |
| Prov 19:14 | בַּ֣יִת וָ֭הוֹן נַחֲלַ֣ת אָב֑וֹת וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה אִשָּׁ֥ה מַשְׂכָּֽלֶת׃ |
The inheritance of one's fathers is a house and wealth, But a sensible wife is from the Lord. |
|
| Prov 19:15 | עַ֭צְלָה תַּפִּ֣יל תַּרְדֵּמָ֑ה וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ רְמִיָּ֣ה תִרְעָֽב׃ |
Laziness makes one fall into deep sleep, And an indolent person will suffer hunger. |
person ← soul. |
| Prov 19:16 | שֹׁמֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ בּוֹזֵ֖ה דְרָכָ֣יו *יומת **יָמֽוּת׃ |
He who keeps the commandment Keeps his life, But he who shows contempt for his ways {Q: Will die} [K: Will be put to death]. |
life ← soul.
his ways: i.e. the Lord's ways. |
| Prov 19:17 | מַלְוֵ֣ה יְ֭הוָה ח֣וֹנֵֽן דָּ֑ל וּ֝גְמֻל֗וֹ יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃ |
He who is gracious to a poor man Is a lender to the Lord, Who will repay him a recompense. |
him a recompense ← his recompense. |
| Prov 19:18 | יַסֵּ֣ר בִּ֭נְךָ כִּי־יֵ֣שׁ תִּקְוָ֑ה וְאֶל־הֲ֝מִית֗וֹ אַל־תִּשָּׂ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
Discipline your son while there is hope, And do not forbear, Which would lead to him losing his life. |
forbear ← let your soul raise, also meaning to set one's affections (on).
to him losing his life ← to his killing, an objective genitive. AV differs (for his crying). |
| Prov 19:19 | *גרל־**גְּֽדָל־חֵ֭מָה נֹ֣שֵׂא עֹ֑נֶשׁ כִּ֥י אִם־תַּ֝צִּ֗יל וְע֣וֹד תּוֹסִֽף׃ |
{K: A wrathful lot} [Q: A man of great wrath] bears punishment, And unless you put it away, You will bear it again. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a resh / daleth issue.
wrathful lot (ketiv) ← a lot (=fate) of wrath. AV differs, as does [CB]. |
| Prov 19:20 | שְׁמַ֣ע עֵ֭צָה וְקַבֵּ֣ל מוּסָ֑ר לְ֝מַ֗עַן תֶּחְכַּ֥ם בְּאַחֲרִיתֶֽךָ׃ |
Hear advice and accept correction So that you become wise in the latter time of your life. |
|
| Prov 19:21 | רַבּ֣וֹת מַחֲשָׁב֣וֹת בְּלֶב־אִ֑ישׁ וַעֲצַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תָקֽוּם׃ |
Many are the thoughts in a man's heart, But it is the Lord's counsel Which will stand firm. |
|
| Prov 19:22 | תַּאֲוַ֣ת אָדָ֣ם חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְטֽוֹב־רָ֝שׁ מֵאִ֥ישׁ כָּזָֽב׃ |
The longing of a man is for his kindness, And a poor man is better than a liar. |
his kindness: perhaps referring to the Lord's kindness. For alternatives, see commentaries on biblehub.com. |
| Prov 19:23 | יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה לְחַיִּ֑ים וְשָׂבֵ֥עַ יָ֝לִ֗ין בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע׃ |
The fear of the Lord leads to life, And he who is steeped in it will lodge Where harm will not be encountered. |
steeped in it will lodge: AV differs (shall abide satisfied).
encountered ← visited on. |
| Prov 19:24 | טָ֘מַ֤ן עָצֵ֣ל יָ֭דוֹ בַּצַּלָּ֑חַת גַּם־אֶל־פִּ֝֗יהוּ לֹ֣א יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃ |
A lazy man dips his hand in the bowl, Yet he will not bring it back to his mouth. |
bowl: AV differs (bosom). |
| Prov 19:25 | לֵ֣ץ תַּ֭כֶּה וּפֶ֣תִי יַעְרִ֑ם וְהוֹכִ֥יחַ לְ֝נָב֗וֹן יָבִ֥ין דָּֽעַת׃ |
Hit the scoffer And the gullible will become wary, And reprove the astute So that he will acquire all the more knowledge. |
wary ← cunning.
acquire ← understand. |
| Prov 19:26 | מְֽשַׁדֶּד־אָ֭ב יַבְרִ֣יחַ אֵ֑ם בֵּ֝֗ן מֵבִ֥ישׁ וּמַחְפִּֽיר׃ |
He who preys on his father Or causes his mother to flee, Is a son who causes shame and disgrace. |
|
| Prov 19:27 | חַֽדַל־בְּ֭נִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר לִ֝שְׁג֗וֹת מֵֽאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת׃ |
My son, to stop listening to correction Is to stray from instructive sayings. |
to stop: an anomalous form, but we take it as the construct state of the adjective חָדֵל combined with לִשְׁמֺעַ, literally a stopping-one of to listen. AV differs throughout (Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of knowledge).
instructive sayings ← sayings of knowledge, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 19:28 | עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל יָלִ֣יץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע־אָֽוֶן׃ |
A rogue witness mocks justice, And the mouths of the wicked feast on iniquity. |
mouths ... feast ← mouth ... feasts, but the wicked is plural. |
| Prov 19:29 | נָכ֣וֹנוּ לַלֵּצִ֣ים שְׁפָטִ֑ים וּ֝מַהֲלֻמ֗וֹת לְגֵ֣ו כְּסִילִֽים׃ |
Judgments have been prepared for the mockers, And beatings for the backs of fools. |
backs ← back. |
| Prov 20:1 | לֵ֣ץ הַ֭יַּין הֹמֶ֣ה שֵׁכָ֑ר וְכָל־שֹׁ֥גֶה בּ֝֗וֹ לֹ֣א יֶחְכָּֽם׃ |
Wine is a mocker, And strong drink is riotous, And none who go astray with it Become wise. |
|
| Prov 20:2 | נַ֣הַם כַּ֭כְּפִיר אֵ֣ימַת מֶ֑לֶךְ מִ֝תְעַבְּר֗וֹ חוֹטֵ֥א נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Fear of a king is like the growling of a young lion; He who takes liberties with him Sins against himself. |
himself ← his soul. |
| Prov 20:3 | כָּב֣וֹד לָ֭אִישׁ שֶׁ֣בֶת מֵרִ֑יב וְכָל־אֱ֝וִ֗יל יִתְגַּלָּֽע׃ |
Honour to the man who ceases from strife, But every fool flares up. |
who ceases from ← cessation of. From root שבת, not ישב. |
| Prov 20:4 | מֵ֭חֹרֶף עָצֵ֣ל לֹא־יַחֲרֹ֑שׁ *ישאל **וְשָׁאַ֖ל בַּקָּצִ֣יר וָאָֽיִן׃ |
From autumn on, the lazy man will not plough, {K: Then} [Q: Then] at harvest time he begs And has nothing. |
from autumn: or from winter. AV differs somewhat (by reason of cold), but חֺרֶף is a season; compare Gen 8:22 (winter). |
| Prov 20:5 | מַ֣יִם עֲ֭מֻקִּים עֵצָ֣ה בְלֶב־אִ֑ישׁ וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנָ֣ה יִדְלֶֽנָּה׃ |
Counsel in a man's heart is like deep water, And a man of understanding draws on it. |
|
| Prov 20:6 | רָב־אָדָ֗ם יִ֭קְרָא אִ֣ישׁ חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֱ֝מוּנִ֗ים מִ֣י יִמְצָֽא׃ |
The majority of men will proclaim their own generosity, But as for a faithful man, Who can find him? |
men ← man, mankind.
a faithful man ← man of faithfulnesses, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 20:7 | מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ בְּתֻמּ֣וֹ צַדִּ֑יק אַשְׁרֵ֖י בָנָ֣יו אַחֲרָֽיו׃ |
The righteous man walks in his integrity; Happy are his sons after him. |
|
| Prov 20:8 | מֶ֗לֶךְ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסֵּא־דִ֑ין מְזָרֶ֖ה בְעֵינָ֣יו כָּל־רָֽע׃ |
A king sitting in his judgment seat Winnows out everything that in his eyes is evil. |
|
| Prov 20:9 | מִֽי־יֹ֭אמַר זִכִּ֣יתִי לִבִּ֑י טָ֝הַ֗רְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִֽי׃ |
Who can say, “I have purified my heart; I am clear of my sin”? |
I am clear: perhaps better re-pointed as pual, טֻהַרְתִּי (I have been cleansed). |
| Prov 20:10 | אֶ֣בֶן וָ֭אֶבֶן אֵיפָ֣ה וְאֵיפָ֑ה תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
One weight for one, And another weight for another, One ephah for one, And another ephah for another – They are both an abomination to the Lord. |
ephah (2x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres.
both ← also both. |
| Prov 20:11 | גַּ֣ם בְּ֭מַעֲלָלָיו יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר אִם־זַ֖ךְ וְאִם־יָשָׁ֣ר פָּעֳלֽוֹ׃ |
Even a boy is known by his deeds – Whether his behaviour is pure And whether it is upright. |
behaviour ← work. |
| Prov 20:12 | אֹ֣זֶן שֹׁ֭מַעַת וְעַ֣יִן רֹאָ֑ה יְ֝הוָ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
A hearing ear and a seeing eye – The Lord assuredly made both of them. |
|
| Prov 20:13 | אַל־תֶּֽאֱהַ֣ב שֵׁ֭נָה פֶּן־תִּוָּרֵ֑שׁ פְּקַ֖ח עֵינֶ֣יךָ שְֽׂבַֽע־לָֽחֶם׃ |
Do not love sleep, So that you do not become destitute. Open your eyes And be satiated with bread. |
|
| Prov 20:14 | רַ֣ע רַ֭ע יֹאמַ֣ר הַקּוֹנֶ֑ה וְאֹזֵ֥ל ל֝֗וֹ אָ֣ז יִתְהַלָּֽל׃ |
“It is poor quality, poor quality”, Says the buyer. And then he goes his way, And then boasts about it. |
goes his way: i.e. he buys it having knocked the price down and goes his way. |
| Prov 20:15 | יֵ֣שׁ זָ֭הָב וְרָב־פְּנִינִ֑ים וּכְלִ֥י יְ֝קָ֗ר שִׂפְתֵי־דָֽעַת׃ |
Gold and an abundance of red corals have a place, But knowledgeable lips are a precious instrument. |
red corals: or pearls, but see Lam 4:7.
have a place ← there are. knowledgeable lips ← lips of knowledge, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 20:16 | לְֽקַח־בִּ֭גְדוֹ כִּי־עָ֣רַב זָ֑ר וּבְעַ֖ד *נכרים **נָכְרִיָּ֣ה חַבְלֵֽהוּ׃ |
“Take his clothing, For he became security to a stranger, And bind him up, For pledging to {K: foreigners} [Q: a foreign lady].” |
bind him up: AV differs (take a pledge of him). Perhaps a play on words (bind by a pledge / bind with cords). |
| Prov 20:17 | עָרֵ֣ב לָ֭אִישׁ לֶ֣חֶם שָׁ֑קֶר וְ֝אַחַ֗ר יִמָּֽלֵא־פִ֥יהוּ חָצָֽץ׃ |
Dishonestly obtained bread is sweet to a man, But afterwards his mouth becomes full of gravel. |
dishonestly obtained bread ← bread of falsehood, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 20:18 | מַ֭חֲשָׁבוֹת בְּעֵצָ֣ה תִכּ֑וֹן וּ֝בְתַחְבֻּל֗וֹת עֲשֵׂ֣ה מִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Plans undertaken with counsel will be established, So wage war with shrewd deliberations. |
plans ← thoughts.
will be established: singular, generalizing. |
| Prov 20:19 | גּֽוֹלֶה־סּ֭וֹד הוֹלֵ֣ךְ רָכִ֑יל וּלְפֹתֶ֥ה שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִתְעָרָֽב׃ |
He who goes around gossiping Reveals a secret, So do not involve yourself With one of wide open lips. |
one of wide open lips: i.e. a babbler. |
| Prov 20:20 | מְ֭קַלֵּל אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֑וֹ יִֽדְעַ֥ךְ נֵ֝ר֗וֹ *באישון **בֶּאֱשׁ֥וּן חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
As for him who curses his father or mother, His lamp will go out in pitch black darkness. |
or: disjunctive use of the vav.
pitch black darkness ← the pupil (of the eye) of darkness. |
| Prov 20:21 | נַ֭חֲלָה *מבחלת **מְבֹהֶ֣לֶת בָּרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וְ֝אַחֲרִיתָ֗הּ לֹ֣א תְבֹרָֽךְ׃ |
An inheritance may be {K: avariciously obtained} [Q: hastily acquired] at first, But then its final state will not be blessed. |
AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Prov 20:22 | אַל־תֹּאמַ֥ר אֲשַׁלְּמָה־רָ֑ע קַוֵּ֥ה לַֽ֝יהוָ֗ה וְיֹ֣שַֽׁע לָֽךְ׃ |
Do not say, “I will repay evil.” Put your hope in the Lord, And he will save you. |
Alluded to in Rom 12:19.
he will save: or let him save. |
| Prov 20:23 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה אֶ֣בֶן וָאָ֑בֶן וּמֹאזְנֵ֖י מִרְמָ֣ה לֹא־טֽוֹב׃ |
One weight for one, and another weight for another, Is an abomination to the Lord, And false scales are not good. |
|
| Prov 20:24 | מֵיהוָ֥ה מִצְעֲדֵי־גָ֑בֶר וְ֝אָדָ֗ם מַה־יָּבִ֥ין דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
Man's steps are received from the Lord. But as for man, What does he understand of his way? |
|
| Prov 20:25 | מוֹקֵ֣שׁ אָ֭דָם יָ֣לַע קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְאַחַ֖ר נְדָרִ֣ים לְבַקֵּֽר׃ |
It is a snare to a man To rashly say anything holy, And after the vows, To reconsider. |
a snare to a man ← a snare of a man. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Prov 20:26 | מְזָרֶ֣ה רְ֭שָׁעִים מֶ֣לֶךְ חָכָ֑ם וַיָּ֖שֶׁב עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם אוֹפָֽן׃ |
A wise king winnows out the wicked, And drives the threshing wheel back over them. |
|
| Prov 20:27 | נֵ֣ר יְ֭הוָה נִשְׁמַ֣ת אָדָ֑ם חֹ֝פֵ֗שׂ כָּל־חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃ |
The spirit of man is the Lord's lamp, Searching all the inner parts of the belly. |
|
| Prov 20:28 | חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭אֱמֶת יִצְּרוּ־מֶ֑לֶךְ וְסָעַ֖ד בַּחֶ֣סֶד כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ |
Kindness and truth protect the king, And it is with kindness That he sustains his throne. |
|
| Prov 20:29 | תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת בַּחוּרִ֣ים כֹּחָ֑ם וַהֲדַ֖ר זְקֵנִ֣ים שֵׂיבָֽה׃ |
The glory of young men is their strength, And the dignity of the old is their grey hair. |
|
| Prov 20:30 | חַבֻּר֣וֹת פֶּ֭צַע *תמריק **תַּמְר֣וּק בְּרָ֑ע וּ֝מַכּ֗וֹת חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃ |
Weals from wounding are a cleansing, In a baneful way, And beatings cleanse the inner parts of the belly. |
a cleansing: the ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue, but the meanings are the same.
in a baneful way: AV differs somewhat ([cleanse away] evil). |
| Prov 21:1 | פַּלְגֵי־מַ֣יִם לֶב־מֶ֭לֶךְ בְּיַד־יְהוָ֑ה עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר יַחְפֹּ֣ץ יַטֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
A king's heart is like sources of water in the Lord's hand; He inclines it to whatever he wishes. |
|
| Prov 21:2 | כָּֽל־דֶּרֶךְ־אִ֭ישׁ יָשָׁ֣ר בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְתֹכֵ֖ן לִבּ֣וֹת יְהוָֽה׃ |
Every way of man is right in his own eyes, But it is the Lord who tests hearts. |
|
| Prov 21:3 | עֲ֭שֹׂה צְדָקָ֣ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט נִבְחָ֖ר לַיהוָ֣ה מִזָּֽבַח׃ |
To do righteousness and justice Is preferable with the Lord to sacrifice. |
to do: a rare infinitive construct form, also seen in Prov 16:16. |
| Prov 21:4 | רוּם־עֵ֭ינַיִם וּרְחַב־לֵ֑ב נִ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים חַטָּֽאת׃ |
Haughty eyes and arrogance – The field of work of the wicked – Are preferable to them than a sin-offering. |
haughty ← height of.
arrogance ← wideness of heart. See [CB], whose note we accept. AV differs (... is sin). |
| Prov 21:5 | מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת חָ֭רוּץ אַךְ־לְמוֹתָ֑ר וְכָל־אָ֝֗ץ אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר׃ |
The thoughts of a diligent man assuredly lead to plentifulness, But as for everyone who is hasty, His actions assuredly lead to lack. |
|
| Prov 21:6 | פֹּ֣עַל א֭וֹצָרוֹת בִּלְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר הֶ֥בֶל נִ֝דָּ֗ף מְבַקְשֵׁי־מָֽוֶת׃ |
Acquiring treasure by a lying tongue Is mist blown around By those who seek death. |
|
| Prov 21:7 | שֹׁד־רְשָׁעִ֥ים יְגוֹרֵ֑ם כִּ֥י מֵ֝אֲנ֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
The rapacity of the wicked drags them away, For they refuse to act justly. |
act justly ← do justice. |
| Prov 21:8 | הֲפַכְפַּ֬ךְ דֶּ֣רֶךְ אִ֣ישׁ וָזָ֑ר וְ֝זַ֗ךְ יָשָׁ֥ר פָּעֳלֽוֹ׃ |
The way of man is crooked and outlandish, But as for the pure man, His work is upright. |
|
| Prov 21:9 | ט֗וֹב לָשֶׁ֥בֶת עַל־פִּנַּת־גָּ֑ג מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים וּבֵ֥ית חָֽבֶר׃ |
It is better to live in a corner of a roof Than in a mansion, But with a contentious wife. |
live ← sit, but also dwell.
mansion ... contentious wife ← wife of contentions ... house of a company, Hebraic genitives. The Hebrew reads than (with) a contentious wife and / but (in) a mansion, which we ↴ |
| Prov 21:10 | נֶ֣פֶשׁ רָ֭שָׁע אִוְּתָה־רָ֑ע לֹא־יֻחַ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֣יו רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ |
A wicked person craves wrongdoing; His neighbour does not find favour in his eyes. |
↳ have re-arranged in English to bring out the contrast which the Hebrew conveys.
person ← soul. |
| Prov 21:11 | בַּעְנָשׁ־לֵ֭ץ יֶחְכַּם־פֶּ֑תִי וּבְהַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְ֝חָכָ֗ם יִקַּח־דָּֽעַת׃ |
By the punishment of the mocker, The naive man becomes wise, And by the instruction to the wise man, He obtains knowledge. |
by the punishment ... by the instruction: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| Prov 21:12 | מַשְׂכִּ֣יל צַ֭דִּיק לְבֵ֣ית רָשָׁ֑ע מְסַלֵּ֖ף רְשָׁעִ֣ים לָרָֽע׃ |
The righteous one is prudent with the house of the wicked; He overthrows the wicked to their detriment. |
he overthrows: AV differs (but God overthrows), a sense not denied by our translation. |
| Prov 21:13 | אֹטֵ֣ם אָ֭זְנוֹ מִזַּעֲקַת־דָּ֑ל גַּֽם־ה֥וּא יִ֝קְרָ֗א וְלֹ֣א יֵעָנֶֽה׃ |
He who shuts his ear to the cry of the poor Will in turn call out, But he will not be answered. |
in turn ← also, but with wider scope. |
| Prov 21:14 | מַתָּ֣ן בַּ֭סֵּתֶר יִכְפֶּה־אָ֑ף וְשֹׁ֥חַד בַּ֝חֵ֗ק חֵמָ֥ה עַזָּֽה׃ |
A gift given in private appeases anger, And a present put into the lap assuages strong fury. |
in private ← in secret. |
| Prov 21:15 | שִׂמְחָ֣ה לַ֭צַּדִּיק עֲשׂ֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝מְחִתָּ֗ה לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
It is joy to the righteous to act justly, But a dreadful thing to those who commit iniquity. |
to act justly ← to do justice.
dreadful thing: AV differs (destruction shall be). |
| Prov 21:16 | אָדָ֗ם תּ֭וֹעֶה מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל בִּקְהַ֖ל רְפָאִ֣ים יָנֽוּחַ׃ |
A man who strays from a prudent way Comes to rest in the company of the Rephaim. |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead). |
| Prov 21:17 | אִ֣ישׁ מַ֭חְסוֹר אֹהֵ֣ב שִׂמְחָ֑ה אֹהֵ֥ב יַֽיִן־וָ֝שֶׁ֗מֶן לֹ֣א יַעֲשִֽׁיר׃ |
He who loves merrymaking Will be a man in penury; He who loves wine and fine food Will not become rich. |
man in ← man of.
fine food ← oil; fatness. |
| Prov 21:18 | כֹּ֣פֶר לַצַּדִּ֣יק רָשָׁ֑ע וְתַ֖חַת יְשָׁרִ֣ים בּוֹגֵֽד׃ |
The wicked will be a ransom for the righteous, And the traitor in the place of the upright. |
wicked ... righteous ... traitor ... upright: the first three of these are singular. The sense is as in Prov 11:8, that the wicked enter into the trouble which the righteous are delivered from, the trouble sometimes being the plan of the wicked themselves, e.g. with Haman and Mordecai. |
| Prov 21:19 | ט֗וֹב שֶׁ֥בֶת בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִדְבָּ֑ר מֵאֵ֖שֶׁת *מדונים **מִדְיָנִ֣ים וָכָֽעַס׃ |
It is better to live in a desert land Than with a contentious and bad-tempered wife. |
contentious: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. As in Prov 18:19.
contentious ... and bad-tempered wife ← wife of contention and anger, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 21:20 | אוֹצָ֤ר ׀ נֶחְמָ֣ד וָ֭שֶׁמֶן בִּנְוֵ֣ה חָכָ֑ם וּכְסִ֖יל אָדָ֣ם יְבַלְּעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
There is delightful treasure and oil In the abode of the wise, But a foolish man dissipates it. |
dissipates ← swallows, consumes. |
| Prov 21:21 | רֹ֭דֵף צְדָקָ֣ה וָחָ֑סֶד יִמְצָ֥א חַ֝יִּ֗ים צְדָקָ֥ה וְכָבֽוֹד׃ |
He who pursues righteousness and kindness Will find life, righteousness and honour. |
|
| Prov 21:22 | עִ֣יר גִּ֭בֹּרִים עָלָ֣ה חָכָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗רֶד עֹ֣ז מִבְטֶחָֽה׃ |
The wise man can ascend into a city of warriors, And shatter its great confidence. |
shatter ← bring down.
its great confidence ← the strength of its confidence, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 21:23 | שֹׁמֵ֣ר פִּ֭יו וּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ שֹׁמֵ֖ר מִצָּר֣וֹת נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
He who guards his mouth and his tongue Guards himself from adversities. |
himself ← his soul. |
| Prov 21:24 | זֵ֣ד יָ֭הִיר לֵ֣ץ שְׁמ֑וֹ ע֝וֹשֶׂ֗ה בְּעֶבְרַ֥ת זָדֽוֹן׃ |
As for the arrogant and haughty man, His name is Mocker; He deals in insolent presumption. |
insolent presumption ← pride / anger of insolence / pride. |
| Prov 21:25 | תַּאֲוַ֣ת עָצֵ֣ל תְּמִיתֶ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־מֵאֲנ֖וּ יָדָ֣יו לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ |
The inclination of the lazy man will kill him, For his hands refuse to work. |
work ← do, make. |
| Prov 21:26 | כָּל־הַ֭יּוֹם הִתְאַוָּ֣ה תַאֲוָ֑ה וְצַדִּ֥יק יִ֝תֵּ֗ן וְלֹ֣א יַחְשֹֽׂךְ׃ |
All day long he craves what his heart desires, But a just man gives and does not spare. |
|
| Prov 21:27 | זֶ֣בַח רְ֭שָׁעִים תּוֹעֵבָ֑ה אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־בְזִמָּ֥ה יְבִיאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination – All the more so When he brings it in deceit. |
deceit ← scheming. |
| Prov 21:28 | עֵד־כְּזָבִ֥ים יֹאבֵ֑ד וְאִ֥ישׁ שׁ֝וֹמֵ֗עַ לָנֶ֥צַח יְדַבֵּֽר׃ |
A false witness will perish, But a man who listens Will speak steadfast words. |
false witness ← witness of lies, a Hebraic genitive.
listens: or understands. steadfast ← in perpetuity. |
| Prov 21:29 | הֵעֵ֬ז אִ֣ישׁ רָשָׁ֣ע בְּפָנָ֑יו וְ֝יָשָׁ֗ר ה֤וּא ׀ *יכין **יָבִ֬ין *דרכיו **דַּרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
The wicked man puts on a bold front, But the upright man {K: prepares his ways} [Q: understands his way]. |
puts on a bold front ← emboldens on his face. |
| Prov 21:30 | אֵ֣ין חָ֭כְמָה וְאֵ֣ין תְּבוּנָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין עֵ֝צָ֗ה לְנֶ֣גֶד יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
There is no wisdom and there is no expertise, And there is no counsel Which can prevail against the Lord. |
|
| Prov 21:31 | ס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃ |
The horse may be prepared for the day of war, But salvation belongs to the Lord. |
|
| Prov 22:1 | נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם מֵעֹ֣שֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּ֥סֶף וּ֝מִזָּהָ֗ב חֵ֣ן טֽוֹב׃ |
A good reputation is preferable to great wealth; Good grace is preferable to silver and gold. |
|
| Prov 22:2 | עָשִׁ֣יר וָרָ֣שׁ נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ עֹשֵׂ֖ה כֻלָּ֣ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
Rich and poor meet each other; The maker of all of them is the Lord. |
|
| Prov 22:3 | עָר֤וּם ׀ רָאָ֣ה רָעָ֣ה *ויסתר **וְנִסְתָּ֑ר וּ֝פְתָיִ֗ים עָבְר֥וּ וְֽנֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ |
The prudent man sees evil and hides, But the gullible cross over to it, And pay the penalty. |
hides: the ketiv and qeré are different forms of the same verb, but the meanings are essentially the same here.
pay the penalty ← are punished. |
| Prov 22:4 | עֵ֣קֶב עֲ֭נָוָה יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה עֹ֖שֶׁר וְכָב֣וֹד וְחַיִּֽים׃ |
It is by meekness and fear of the Lord That riches and honour and life are obtained. |
|
| Prov 22:5 | צִנִּ֣ים פַּ֭חִים בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ עִקֵּ֑שׁ שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ יִרְחַ֥ק מֵהֶֽם׃ |
Thorns and snares lie on the way of the perverse; He who guards his life Distances himself from them. |
life ← soul. |
| Prov 22:6 | חֲנֹ֣ךְ לַ֭נַּעַר עַל־פִּ֣י דַרְכּ֑וֹ גַּ֥ם כִּֽי־יַ֝זְקִ֗ין לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
Initiate a youth along his way, Then even when he grows old, He will not depart from it. |
along ← according to. |
| Prov 22:7 | עָ֭שִׁיר בְּרָשִׁ֣ים יִמְשׁ֑וֹל וְעֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֶֽה׃ |
The rich man will rule over the poor, And he who borrows is servant to the man who lends. |
|
| Prov 22:8 | זוֹרֵ֣עַ עַ֭וְלָה *יקצור־**יִקְצָר־אָ֑וֶן וְשֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָת֣וֹ יִכְלֶֽה׃ |
He who sows injustice Will reap iniquity, And his offensive regime Will come to an end. |
reap: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
his offensive regime ← the sceptre of his wrath / haughtiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 22:9 | טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן ה֣וּא יְבֹרָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־נָתַ֖ן מִלַּחְמ֣וֹ לַדָּֽל׃ |
He who is generous will be blessed, For he gives some of his bread to the poor. |
2 Cor 9:7, adapted.
generous ← good of eye. |
| Prov 22:10 | גָּ֣רֵֽשׁ לֵ֭ץ וְיֵצֵ֣א מָד֑וֹן וְ֝יִשְׁבֹּ֗ת דִּ֣ין וְקָלֽוֹן׃ |
Drive out the mocker, And contention will depart, And strife and shame will cease. |
|
| Prov 22:11 | אֹהֵ֥ב *טהור־**טְהָר־לֵ֑ב חֵ֥ן שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו רֵעֵ֥הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ׃ |
As for him who loves the pure in heart, His lips are graceful; The king is his friend. |
pure: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
his lips are graceful ← grace (is) his lips. |
| Prov 22:12 | עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה נָ֣צְרוּ דָ֑עַת וַ֝יְסַלֵּ֗ף דִּבְרֵ֥י בֹגֵֽד׃ |
The eyes of the Lord preserve knowledge, But he has overthrown the words of the treacherous man. |
|
| Prov 22:13 | אָמַ֣ר עָ֭צֵל אֲרִ֣י בַח֑וּץ בְּת֥וֹךְ רְ֝חֹב֗וֹת אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ׃ |
The lazy man says, “There is a lion in the open; I will be killed on the streets.” |
|
| Prov 22:14 | שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקָּה פִּ֣י זָר֑וֹת זְע֥וּם יְ֝הוָ֗ה *יפול־**יִפָּל־שָֽׁם׃ |
The mouths of the foreign women are a deep pit; He with whom the Lord is angry Will fall there. |
will fall: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
mouths ... are ← mouth (is), but plural women. |
| Prov 22:15 | אִ֭וֶּלֶת קְשׁוּרָ֣ה בְלֶב־נָ֑עַר שֵׁ֥בֶט מ֝וּסָ֗ר יַרְחִיקֶ֥נָּה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Foolishness is bound to the heart of a boy, But the rod of correction will put him at a distance from it. |
put him at a distance from it ← distance it from him. |
| Prov 22:16 | עֹ֣שֵֽׁק דָּ֭ל לְהַרְבּ֣וֹת ל֑וֹ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר׃ |
He who oppresses the poor to enrich himself And he who gives to the rich man Will surely be in need. |
enrich himself ← increase for him.
need ← lack. |
| Prov 22:17 | הַ֥ט אָזְנְךָ֗ וּ֭שְׁמַע דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֑ים וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ תָּשִׁ֥ית לְדַעְתִּֽי׃ |
Incline your ear And hear the words of the wise, And direct your heart to my knowledge. |
|
| Prov 22:18 | כִּֽי־נָ֭עִים כִּֽי־תִשְׁמְרֵ֣ם בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ יִכֹּ֥נוּ יַ֝חְדָּ֗ו עַל־שְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃ |
For it is pleasant if you keep them inwardly; Together they are ready to be on your lips |
inwardly ← in your belly. |
| Prov 22:19 | לִהְי֣וֹת בַּ֭יהוָה מִבְטַחֶ֑ךָ הוֹדַעְתִּ֖יךָ הַיּ֣וֹם אַף־אָֽתָּה׃ |
So that your trust should be in the Lord. Today it is to you that I have made it known – To your very self. |
to your very self ← indeed you. |
| Prov 22:20 | הֲלֹ֤א כָתַ֣בְתִּי לְ֭ךָ *שלשום **שָׁלִישִׁ֑ים בְּמ֖וֹעֵצֹ֣ת וָדָֽעַת׃ |
{Q: Have I not written thirty times to you} [K: Did I not write to you three days ago] With pieces of advice and knowledge? |
thirty times (ketiv) ← thirds or third (times), but by analogy of the cardinal numbers, we apply a factor of ten for the Hebrew plural. AV differs (excellent things). |
| Prov 22:21 | לְהוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֗ קֹ֭שְׁטְ אִמְרֵ֣י אֱמֶ֑ת לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֲמָרִ֥ים אֱ֝מֶ֗ת לְשֹׁלְחֶֽיךָ׃ פ |
– To make known to you the veracity of truthful sayings So that it is with truthful sayings that you can answer Those who send for you. |
truthful sayings (2x) ← sayings of truth, a Hebraic genitive, but the second example is not in the regular construction. |
| Prov 22:22 | אַֽל־תִּגְזָל־דָּ֭ל כִּ֣י דַל־ה֑וּא וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א עָנִ֣י בַשָּֽׁעַר׃ |
Do not rob a poor man, For he is poor, And do not tread a needy man down at the gate. |
|
| Prov 22:23 | כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יָרִ֣יב רִיבָ֑ם וְקָבַ֖ע אֶת־קֹבְעֵיהֶ֣ם נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
For the Lord will defend their interest, And he will despoil the livelihood Of those who despoiled them. |
defend their interest ← contend their contention.
livelihood ← soul. |
| Prov 22:24 | אַל־תִּ֭תְרַע אֶת־בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף וְאֶת־אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת לֹ֣א תָבֽוֹא׃ |
Do not associate with a bad-tempered man, And you shall not go with a man prone to fury, |
a bad-tempered man ← possessor of anger.
prone to fury ← of furies. |
| Prov 22:25 | פֶּן־תֶּאֱלַ֥ף *ארחתו **אֹֽרְחֹתָ֑יו וְלָקַחְתָּ֖ מוֹקֵ֣שׁ לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ |
In case you learn his {Q: ways} [K: way], And you pick up a snare for your life. |
way: or, defectively written, ways.
pick up ← take; receive. life ← soul. |
| Prov 22:26 | אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְתֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗ים מַשָּׁאֽוֹת׃ |
Do not be among those who strike a deal – Among those who are surety for debts. |
those who strike a deal ← strikers of palm of hand. |
| Prov 22:27 | אִם־אֵֽין־לְךָ֥ לְשַׁלֵּ֑ם לָ֥מָּה יִקַּ֥ח מִ֝שְׁכָּבְךָ֗ מִתַּחְתֶּֽיךָ׃ |
If you do not have the means to pay, Why let anyone take your bed from under you? |
|
| Prov 22:28 | אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Do not move an age-old boundary marker Which your fathers put in place. |
move: or remove.
put in place ← made. |
| Prov 22:29 | חָזִ֡יתָ אִ֤ישׁ ׀ מָ֘הִ֤יר בִּמְלַאכְתּ֗וֹ לִֽפְנֵֽי־מְלָכִ֥ים יִתְיַצָּ֑ב בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵ֥י חֲשֻׁכִּֽים׃ פ |
Have you seen a man going about his work efficiently? He will stand before kings; He will not stand before the low-bred. |
going about his work efficiently ← quick in his work.
low-bred ← obscure, mean; etymologically, darkened. |
| Prov 23:1 | כִּֽי־תֵ֭שֵׁב לִלְח֣וֹם אֶת־מוֹשֵׁ֑ל בִּ֥ין תָּ֝בִ֗ין אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ |
When you sit down to dine with a ruler, Be well aware of who it is before you, |
be well aware: infinitive absolute. |
| Prov 23:2 | וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ שַׂכִּ֣ין בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָ אִם־בַּ֖עַל נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָֽתָּה׃ |
And put a knife to your throat If you have a keen appetite. |
put a knife to your throat: i.e. eat and drink circumspectly.
if you have a keen appetite ← if you (are) a possessor of a soul. |
| Prov 23:3 | אַל־תִּ֭תְאָו לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָ֑יו וְ֝ה֗וּא לֶ֣חֶם כְּזָבִֽים׃ |
Do not be desirous of his delicacies, For they are beguiling food. |
beguiling food ← bread of falsehoods, a Hebraic genitive. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 23:4 | אַל־תִּיגַ֥ע לְֽהַעֲשִׁ֑יר מִֽבִּינָתְךָ֥ חֲדָֽל׃ |
Do not exhaust yourself to become rich; Cease from your own understanding. |
|
| Prov 23:5 | *התעוף **הֲתָ֤עִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בּ֗וֹ וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ כִּ֤י עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ כְנָפַ֑יִם כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר *ועיף **יָע֥וּף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ פ |
Do you fix your eye on a thing, Then it is gone? For it easily gives itself wings, And like an eagle, {Q: it flies off into} [K: it is weary in] the sky. |
fix ← make fly. The ketiv and qeré are different stem-formations of the same word, with the same meaning here. A vav / yod issue.
it flies off (ketiv): the qeré has vav for yod and yod for vav. it easily gives itself: infinitive absolute. |
| Prov 23:6 | אַל־תִּלְחַ֗ם אֶת־לֶ֭חֶם רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן וְאַל־*תתאו **תִּ֝תְאָ֗יו לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו׃ |
Do not eat food from a malevolent person, And do not be desirous of his delicacies. |
be desirous: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. a malevolent person ← an evil eye. |
| Prov 23:7 | כִּ֤י ׀ כְּמוֹ־שָׁעַ֥ר בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ כֶּ֫ן־ה֥וּא אֱכֹ֣ל וּ֭שְׁתֵה יֹ֣אמַר לָ֑ךְ וְ֝לִבּ֗וֹ בַּל־עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
For as he assesses a matter inwardly, So he is. “Eat and drink”, He will say to you, But his heart will not be with you. |
a matter inwardly ← in his soul. |
| Prov 23:8 | פִּֽתְּךָ־אָכַ֥לְתָּ תְקִיאֶ֑נָּה וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּ דְּבָרֶ֥יךָ הַנְּעִימִֽים׃ |
The morsel which you have eaten, You will vomit out, And you will spoil your pleasant conversation. |
vomit out ← vomit it out.
conversation ← words, affairs. |
| Prov 23:9 | בְּאָזְנֵ֣י כְ֭סִיל אַל־תְּדַבֵּ֑ר כִּֽי־יָ֝ב֗וּז לְשֵׂ֣כֶל מִלֶּֽיךָ׃ |
Do not speak to the ears of a fool, For he will despise the insightfulness of your words. |
|
| Prov 23:10 | אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם וּבִשְׂדֵ֥י יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים אַל־תָּבֹֽא׃ |
Do not move an age-old boundary marker, And do not go into the fields of orphans, |
move: or remove. |
| Prov 23:11 | כִּֽי־גֹאֲלָ֥ם חָזָ֑ק הֽוּא־יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֣ם אִתָּֽךְ׃ |
For their redeemer is strong; He will defend their case against you. |
against ← with. Compare Gen 14:8. |
| Prov 23:12 | הָבִ֣יאָה לַמּוּסָ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ לְאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת׃ |
Dispose your heart to instruction, And your ears to learned sayings. |
dispose ← bring.
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Prov 23:13 | אַל־תִּמְנַ֣ע מִנַּ֣עַר מוּסָ֑ר כִּֽי־תַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַ֝שֵּׁ֗בֶט לֹ֣א יָמֽוּת׃ |
Do not withhold correction from a youth; When you beat him with a rod, He will not die. |
|
| Prov 23:14 | אַ֭תָּה בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶט תַּכֶּ֑נּוּ וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ מִשְּׁא֥וֹל תַּצִּֽיל׃ |
You may be beating him with a rod, But you will be saving him from the grave. |
him ← his soul. |
| Prov 23:15 | בְּ֭נִי אִם־חָכַ֣ם לִבֶּ֑ךָ יִשְׂמַ֖ח לִבִּ֣י גַם־אָֽנִי׃ |
My son, if your heart becomes wise, My heart will rejoice – it really will – |
it really will ← also I, but the word גַּם can just add emphasis. |
| Prov 23:16 | וְתַעְלֹ֥זְנָה כִלְיוֹתָ֑י בְּדַבֵּ֥ר שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יךָ מֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
And my kidneys will exult, As your lips speak upright words. |
kidneys: i.e. inward feelings. Compare Ps 139:13, Jer 11:20. |
| Prov 23:17 | אַל־יְקַנֵּ֣א לִ֭בְּךָ בַּֽחַטָּאִ֑ים כִּ֥י אִם־בְּיִרְאַת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
Do not let your heart be envious of sinners, But rather let it be zealous of fear of the Lord All day long. |
|
| Prov 23:18 | כִּ֭י אִם־יֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת׃ |
For there is a final state, And your hope will not be cut off. |
|
| Prov 23:19 | שְׁמַע־אַתָּ֣ה בְנִ֣י וַחֲכָ֑ם וְאַשֵּׁ֖ר בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
Do hear, my son, and become wise, And direct your heart on the way. |
|
| Prov 23:20 | אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְסֹֽבְאֵי־יָ֑יִן בְּזֹלֲלֵ֖י בָשָׂ֣ר לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Do not be among those who become drunk on wine, Or who take to guzzling meat. |
take to guzzling meat ← (are) guzzlers of meat to themselves. |
| Prov 23:21 | כִּי־סֹבֵ֣א וְ֭זוֹלֵל יִוָּרֵ֑שׁ וּ֝קְרָעִ֗ים תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁ נוּמָֽה׃ |
For the drunkard and guzzler will be dispossessed, And slumber will clothe them with rags. |
rags ← tearings. |
| Prov 23:22 | שְׁמַ֣ע לְ֭אָבִיךָ זֶ֣ה יְלָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תָּ֝ב֗וּז כִּֽי־זָקְנָ֥ה אִמֶּֽךָ׃ |
Listen to your father Who begot you, And do not despise your mother When she is old. |
|
| Prov 23:23 | אֱמֶ֣ת קְ֭נֵה וְאַל־תִּמְכֹּ֑ר חָכְמָ֖ה וּמוּסָ֣ר וּבִינָֽה׃ |
Acquire truth, And do not sell it, As with wisdom and instruction and understanding. |
|
| Prov 23:24 | *גול **גִּ֣יל *יגול **יָ֭גִיל אֲבִ֣י צַדִּ֑יק *יולד **וְיוֹלֵ֥ד חָ֝כָ֗ם *וישמח־**יִשְׂמַח־בּֽוֹ׃ |
The father of a righteous son will greatly rejoice, {K: And he who} [Q: And he who] begets a wise son Will delight in him. |
will greatly rejoice: infinitive absolute. The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue, but the meanings are the same.
will delight: the ketiv uses a correlative vav, redundant in English. |
| Prov 23:25 | יִֽשְׂמַח־אָבִ֥יךָ וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ׃ |
Your father and your mother will take delight, And she who bore you will rejoice. |
|
| Prov 23:26 | תְּנָֽה־בְנִ֣י לִבְּךָ֣ לִ֑י וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָ דְּרָכַ֥י *תרצנה **תִּצֹּֽרְנָה׃ |
My son, give your heart to me, And may your eyes {K: welcome} [Q: keep] my ways. |
|
| Prov 23:27 | כִּֽי־שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲמֻקָּ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וּבְאֵ֥ר צָ֝רָ֗ה נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ |
For a prostitute is a deep abyss, And a foreign woman is a narrow pit. |
pit ← well. |
| Prov 23:28 | אַף־הִ֭יא כְּחֶ֣תֶף תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים בְּאָדָ֥ם תּוֹסִֽף׃ |
Indeed she lies in wait like a predator And adds to the traitors among men. |
like a predator: AV differs, but the sense is not affected (as for a prey). Similarly [AnLx], [BDB]= as (for) prey.
men ← Adam, but also mankind. |
| Prov 23:29 | לְמִ֨י א֥וֹי לְמִ֪י אֲב֡וֹי לְמִ֤י *מדונים **מִדְיָנִ֨ים ׀ לְמִ֥י שִׂ֗יחַ לְ֭מִי פְּצָעִ֣ים חִנָּ֑ם לְ֝מִ֗י חַכְלִל֥וּת עֵינָֽיִם׃ |
Who has “woe”, Who has “alas” on his lips? Who has contentions, Who has a grievance, Who has gratuitous wounds? Who has reddened eyes? |
contentions: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. As in Prov 18:19, Prov 21:19.
reddened ← redness (of). [BDB]= dullness. [AnLx] has more variations. |
| Prov 23:30 | לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל־הַיָּ֑יִן לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ׃ |
It is those who linger at wine – Those who come to sample blended liquor. |
|
| Prov 23:31 | אַל־תֵּ֥רֶא יַיִן֮ כִּ֪י יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן *בכיס **בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃ |
Do not care for wine – When it exhibits its red colour, When it gives its sparkle in a {Q: goblet} [K: bag], And when it flows smoothly. |
care for ← see.
sparkle ← eye; appearance; fountain. Compare Num 11:7, Dan 10:6. smoothly ← in straightnesses. |
| Prov 23:32 | אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ׃ |
Its effect is that it bites like a serpent And puts one in torment like a viper. |
effect ← end, but here causal. |
| Prov 23:33 | עֵ֭ינֶיךָ יִרְא֣וּ זָר֑וֹת וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ יְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃ |
Your eyes will see women who are strangers, And your heart will speak subversive things, |
|
| Prov 23:34 | וְ֭הָיִיתָ כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב בְּלֶב־יָ֑ם וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל׃ |
And you will be like one who lies at the bottom of the sea, Or one who lies at the top of a mast. |
bottom ← heart. |
| Prov 23:35 | הִכּ֥וּנִי בַל־חָלִיתִי֮ הֲלָמ֗וּנִי בַּל־יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּי מָתַ֥י אָקִ֑יץ א֝וֹסִ֗יף אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ עֽוֹד׃ |
“They beat me, But I did not feel pain; They struck me, But I was not conscious of it. When will I wake up? I will seek this pleasure yet again.” |
|
| Prov 24:1 | אַל־תְּ֭קַנֵּא בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣י רָעָ֑ה וְאַל־*תתאו **תִּ֝תְאָ֗יו לִהְי֥וֹת אִתָּֽם׃ |
Do not be envious of evil men, And do not long to be with them. |
long: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
evil men ← men of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 24:2 | כִּי־שֹׁ֭ד יֶהְגֶּ֣ה לִבָּ֑ם וְ֝עָמָ֗ל שִׂפְתֵיהֶ֥ם תְּדַבֵּֽרְנָה׃ |
For their heart meditates on violence, And their lips speak of ill-treatment. |
|
| Prov 24:3 | בְּ֭חָכְמָה יִבָּ֣נֶה בָּ֑יִת וּ֝בִתְבוּנָ֗ה יִתְכּוֹנָֽן׃ |
A house is built with skill, And it is established with expertise, |
skill ← wisdom. |
| Prov 24:4 | וּ֭בְדַעַת חֲדָרִ֣ים יִמָּלְא֑וּ כָּל־ה֖וֹן יָקָ֣ר וְנָעִֽים׃ |
And rooms are filled with knowledge And all kinds of precious and delightful belongings. |
filled with knowledge: perhaps meaning fitted out expertly.
belongings ← wealth. |
| Prov 24:5 | גֶּֽבֶר־חָכָ֥ם בַּע֑וֹז וְאִֽישׁ־דַּ֝֗עַת מְאַמֶּץ־כֹּֽחַ׃ |
A wise man disposes over strength, And a knowledgeable man increases his power, |
a knowledgeable man ← a man of knowledge, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 24:6 | כִּ֣י בְ֭תַחְבֻּלוֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ֣ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ׃ |
For it is with strategy that you can wage a war, And success comes through taking much counsel. |
wage ← make for yourself.
success ← salvation, here meaning being saved from defeat. taking much counsel: see Prov 11:14. |
| Prov 24:7 | רָאמ֣וֹת לֶֽאֱוִ֣יל חָכְמ֑וֹת בַּ֝שַּׁ֗עַר לֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּֽיהוּ׃ |
Wisdom to a fool is too lofty; At the gate he does not open his mouth. |
lofty ← lofty (things). [BDB] gives black corals; [Ges-HCL] also gives red corals, but not for this verse. |
| Prov 24:8 | מְחַשֵּׁ֥ב לְהָרֵ֑עַ ל֝֗וֹ בַּֽעַל־מְזִמּ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽאוּ׃ |
As for him who plots doing evil, They will call him a schemer. |
schemer ← possessor of schemes. |
| Prov 24:9 | זִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ׃ |
The scheming of a fool is a sin, And a mocker is an abomination to men. |
men ← Adam, but also mankind. |
| Prov 24:10 | הִ֭תְרַפִּיתָ בְּי֥וֹם צָרָ֗ה צַ֣ר כֹּחֶֽכָה׃ |
If you flag on an adverse day, Your strength is feeble. |
an adverse day ← a day of adversity, a Hebraic genitive.
feeble ← narrow. |
| Prov 24:11 | הַ֭צֵּל לְקֻחִ֣ים לַמָּ֑וֶת וּמָטִ֥ים לַ֝הֶ֗רֶג אִם־תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ׃ |
If you refrain from delivering those Who are being taken away to death, Or who are on the verge of being killed, |
from delivering: gerundial use of the infinitive.
on the verge of ← tottering. being killed ← (being victim of an act of) killing. |
| Prov 24:12 | כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֗ר הֵן֮ לֹא־יָדַ֪עְנ֫וּ זֶ֥ה הֲֽלֹא־תֹ֘כֵ֤ן לִבּ֨וֹת ׀ הֽוּא־יָבִ֗ין וְנֹצֵ֣ר נַ֭פְשְׁךָ ה֣וּא יֵדָ֑ע וְהֵשִׁ֖יב לְאָדָ֣ם כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ׃ |
If you say, “Look, we did not know this”, Does not he who examines hearts discern the matter? And will he who guards your life not know, And will he not requite a man according to his deed? |
life ← soul. |
| Prov 24:13 | אֱכָל־בְּנִ֣י דְבַ֣שׁ כִּי־ט֑וֹב וְנֹ֥פֶת מָ֝ת֗וֹק עַל־חִכֶּֽךָ׃ |
My son, eat honey, Because it is good, And honey from the honeycomb, Which is sweet on your palate. |
|
| Prov 24:14 | כֵּ֤ן ׀ דְּעֶ֥ה חָכְמָ֗ה לְנַ֫פְשֶׁ֥ךָ אִם־מָ֭צָאתָ וְיֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת׃ פ |
So get to know wisdom. It is for your life if you have found it, And it has an effect, And your hope will not be dashed. |
life ← soul.
an effect ← an end. Compare Prov 23:32. dashed ← cut (off). AV differs somewhat in several respects. |
| Prov 24:15 | אַל־תֶּאֱרֹ֣ב רָ֭שָׁע לִנְוֵ֣ה צַדִּ֑יק אַֽל־תְּשַׁדֵּ֥ד רִבְצוֹ׃ |
Do not wickedly hold an ambush at the dwelling of a righteous man, And do not lay his place of rest waste. |
wickedly ← (as a) wicked (man). AV differs somewhat (O wicked man). |
| Prov 24:16 | כִּ֤י שֶׁ֨בַע ׀ יִפּ֣וֹל צַדִּ֣יק וָקָ֑ם וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ בְרָעָֽה׃ |
For a righteous man may fall seven times And get up again, But the wicked will stumble into trouble. |
|
| Prov 24:17 | בִּנְפֹ֣ל *אויביך **אֽ֭וֹיִבְךָ אַל־תִּשְׂמָ֑ח וּ֝בִכָּשְׁל֗וֹ אַל־יָגֵ֥ל לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
Do not rejoice when your {Q: enemy falls} [K: enemies fall], And do not let your heart exult at his stumbling, |
|
| Prov 24:18 | פֶּן־יִרְאֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה וְרַ֣ע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְהֵשִׁ֖יב מֵעָלָ֣יו אַפּֽוֹ׃ |
Lest the Lord sees, And it is wrong in his sight, And he turns his anger from him against you. |
|
| Prov 24:19 | אַל־תִּתְחַ֥ר בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים אַל־תְּ֝קַנֵּ֗א בָּרְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
Do not be infuriated at evildoers; Do not be envious of the wicked, |
|| Ps 37:1. |
| Prov 24:20 | כִּ֤י ׀ לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֣ה אַחֲרִ֣ית לָרָ֑ע נֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ׃ |
For the evil man will not have any posterity – The lamp of the wicked will be extinguished. |
posterity: or latter (time). |
| Prov 24:21 | יְרָֽא־אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּנִ֣י וָמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם־שׁ֝וֹנִ֗ים אַל־תִּתְעָרָֽב׃ |
My son, fear the Lord and the king; Do not involve yourself with the fickle, |
fickle: see Prov 17:9. |
| Prov 24:22 | כִּֽי־פִ֭תְאֹם יָק֣וּם אֵידָ֑ם וּפִ֥יד שְׁ֝נֵיהֶ֗ם מִ֣י יוֹדֵֽעַ׃ ס |
For suddenly their downfall arises, And who knows The demise of them both? |
|
| Prov 24:23 | גַּם־אֵ֥לֶּה לַֽחֲכָמִ֑ים הַֽכֵּר־פָּנִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט בַּל־טֽוֹב׃ |
These things too belong to the wise. It is not right to show partiality in judgment, |
show partiality ← acknowledge faces. |
| Prov 24:24 | אֹ֤מֵ֨ר ׀ לְרָשָׁע֮ צַדִּ֪יק אָ֥תָּה יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ עַמִּ֑ים יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּ לְאֻמִּֽים׃ |
Saying to the wicked man, “You are righteous.” Peoples will vilify him; Nations will be indignant at him. |
|
| Prov 24:25 | וְלַמּוֹכִיחִ֥ים יִנְעָ֑ם וַֽ֝עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם תָּב֥וֹא בִרְכַּת־טֽוֹב׃ |
But to those who rebuke a man showing partiality, It will be a delight, And a good blessing will come on them. |
|
| Prov 24:26 | שְׂפָתַ֥יִם יִשָּׁ֑ק מֵ֝שִׁ֗יב דְּבָרִ֥ים נְכֹחִֽים׃ |
May one compliment the lips When a man replies with straightforward words. |
compliment ← kiss. Idiomatic; not lip-lip contact. |
| Prov 24:27 | הָ֘כֵ֤ן בַּח֨וּץ ׀ מְלַאכְתֶּ֗ךָ וְעַתְּדָ֣הּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֣ה לָ֑ךְ אַ֝חַ֗ר וּבָנִ֥יתָ בֵיתֶֽךָ׃ פ |
Prepare your exterior work, And make it ready for yourself on your site, Then afterwards you can build your house. |
your exterior work ← at outside your work.
site ← field. |
| Prov 24:28 | אַל־תְּהִ֣י עֵד־חִנָּ֣ם בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Do not be a gratuitous witness against your neighbour, And would you deceive with your lips? |
|
| Prov 24:29 | אַל־תֹּאמַ֗ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשָׂה־לִ֭י כֵּ֤ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ אָשִׁ֖יב לָאִ֣ישׁ כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ׃ |
Do not say, “As he has done to me, So I will do to him. I will requite the man according to his deed.” |
Alluded to in Rom 12:19. |
| Prov 24:30 | עַל־שְׂדֵ֣ה אִישׁ־עָצֵ֣ל עָבַ֑רְתִּי וְעַל־כֶּ֝֗רֶם אָדָ֥ם חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃ |
I passed by the field of a lazy man, And by the vineyard of a weak-minded person, |
weak-minded ← lacking heart. |
| Prov 24:31 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ ׀ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃ |
And what I saw was That thistles had overgrown it all, And that its surface was covered in nettles, And that the stone wall was dilapidated. |
and what I saw was ← behold.
overgrown ← come up (over). was covered: AV differs, not recognizing that כָּסּוּ is pual, so passive. |
| Prov 24:32 | וָֽאֶחֱזֶ֣ה אָ֭נֹכִֽי אָשִׁ֣ית לִבִּ֑י רָ֝אִ֗יתִי לָקַ֥חְתִּי מוּסָֽר׃ |
So I took note and laid it to heart; I looked and received instruction. |
to heart ← to my heart. |
| Prov 24:33 | מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב׃ |
A little more sleep, A little more slumbering, A little more folding the arms to lie down, |
|
| Prov 24:34 | וּבָֽא־מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹרֶ֗יךָ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן׃ פ |
And along will come your impoverishment And your penury, Like a man with a shield. |
penury ← lack.
a man with a shield ← a man of a shield. Compare Prov 6:11. |
| Prov 25:1 | גַּם־אֵ֭לֶּה מִשְׁלֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶ֝עְתִּ֗יקוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י ׀ חִזְקִיָּ֬ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | These too are Solomon's proverbs which Hezekiah king of Judah's men transcribed. | |
| Prov 25:2 | כְּבֹ֣ד אֱ֭לֹהִים הַסְתֵּ֣ר דָּבָ֑ר וּכְבֹ֥ד מְ֝לָכִ֗ים חֲקֹ֣ר דָּבָֽר׃ |
It is God's glory to conceal a matter, And the glory of kings to investigate a matter. |
|
| Prov 25:3 | שָׁמַ֣יִם לָ֭רוּם וָאָ֣רֶץ לָעֹ֑מֶק וְלֵ֥ב מְ֝לָכִ֗ים אֵ֣ין חֵֽקֶר׃ |
Heaven for height And the earth for depth, But there is no searching the heart of kings. |
|
| Prov 25:4 | הָג֣וֹ סִיגִ֣ים מִכָּ֑סֶף וַיֵּצֵ֖א לַצֹּרֵ֣ף כֶּֽלִי׃ |
Remove the dross from the silver, And let the refiner's silverware be produced. |
remove: infinitive absolute in the role of an imperative.
be produced ← come out, but also as qal for passive of hiphil, be brought out. |
| Prov 25:5 | הָג֣וֹ רָ֭שָׁע לִפְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ וְיִכּ֖וֹן בַּצֶּ֣דֶק כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ |
Remove the wicked man from the king's presence, And his throne will be established in righteousness. |
remove: see Prov 25:4. |
| Prov 25:6 | אַל־תִּתְהַדַּ֥ר לִפְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבִמְק֥וֹם גְּ֝דֹלִ֗ים אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹֽד׃ |
Do not vaunt yourself in the presence of the king, And do not stand in the place of high-ranking men, |
high-ranking ← great.
Compare Luke 14:7 - Luke 14:9. |
| Prov 25:7 | כִּ֤י ט֥וֹב אֲמָר־לְךָ֗ עֲֽלֵ֫ה הֵ֥נָּה מֵֽ֭הַשְׁפִּ֣ילְךָ לִפְנֵ֣י נָדִ֑יב אֲשֶׁ֖ר רָא֣וּ עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ |
For it is better that someone says to you, “Come up here”, Than that he humiliates you in the presence of a noble Whom your eyes have seen. |
|
| Prov 25:8 | אַל־תֵּצֵ֥א לָרִ֗ב מַ֫הֵ֥ר פֶּ֣ן מַה־תַּ֭עֲשֶׂה בְּאַחֲרִיתָ֑הּ בְּהַכְלִ֖ים אֹתְךָ֣ רֵעֶֽךָ׃ |
Do not go out to litigate precipitously, In case of what you might need to do as a consequence of it When your neighbour puts you to shame. |
as a consequence of it ← in its latter end. |
| Prov 25:9 | רִֽ֭יבְךָ רִ֣יב אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ וְס֖וֹד אַחֵ֣ר אַל־תְּגָֽל׃ |
Contend your case with your neighbour, But do not divulge a secret to another person, |
contend your case: i.e. if you must.
a secret to another person: or (any) other private matter. |
| Prov 25:10 | פֶּֽן־יְחַסֶּדְךָ֥ שֹׁמֵ֑עַ וְ֝דִבָּתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תָשֽׁוּב׃ |
In case one who is out to discredit you hears, And the consequences of your slander don't go away. |
go away ← recede, turn. |
| Prov 25:11 | תַּפּוּחֵ֣י זָ֭הָב בְּמַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת כָּ֑סֶף דָּ֝בָ֗ר דָּבֻ֥ר עַל־אָפְנָֽיו׃ |
A word spoken in season Is like golden apple-shaped beads in silver showpieces. |
|
| Prov 25:12 | נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב וַחֲלִי־כָ֑תֶם מוֹכִ֥יחַ חָ֝כָ֗ם עַל־אֹ֥זֶן שֹׁמָֽעַת׃ |
To a hearing ear, A wise reprover is like a golden earring Or an ornament of fine gold. |
|
| Prov 25:13 | כְּצִנַּת־שֶׁ֨לֶג ׀ בְּי֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר צִ֣יר נֶ֭אֱמָן לְשֹׁלְחָ֑יו וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣יו יָשִֽׁיב׃ פ |
A faithful messenger is to those who send him Like the cooling effect of snow on a day in the harvest season, And he refreshes the spirit of his masters. |
spirit ← soul. |
| Prov 25:14 | נְשִׂיאִ֣ים וְ֭רוּחַ וְגֶ֣שֶׁם אָ֑יִן אִ֥ישׁ מִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ל בְּמַתַּת־שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
A man who boasts in a dishonest gift Is like mists and wind, but no rain. |
dishonest gift ← gift of falsehood, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 25:15 | בְּאֹ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם יְפֻתֶּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין וְלָשׁ֥וֹן רַ֝כָּ֗ה תִּשְׁבָּר־גָּֽרֶם׃ |
A senior official is persuaded by much persistence, And a gentle tongue can break bones. |
persistence ← length of temper; forbearance. Compare Jer 15:15.
gentle ← soft. bones ← a bone. |
| Prov 25:16 | דְּבַ֣שׁ מָ֭צָאתָ אֱכֹ֣ל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ פֶּן־תִּ֝שְׂבָּעֶ֗נּוּ וַהֲקֵֽאתֽוֹ׃ |
If you find honey Only eat what is sufficient for you, Lest you become satiated with it And vomit it out. |
|
| Prov 25:17 | הֹקַ֣ר רַ֭גְלְךָ מִבֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ פֶּן־יִ֝שְׂבָּעֲךָ֗ וּשְׂנֵאֶֽךָ׃ |
Make yourself scarce in your neighbour's house Lest he has enough of you, And takes a disliking to you. |
make yourself scarce ← make your foot rare from. |
| Prov 25:18 | מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ |
A man who testifies against his neighbour with a false testimony Is a club and a sword and a sharp arrow. |
|
| Prov 25:19 | שֵׁ֣ן רֹ֭עָה וְרֶ֣גֶל מוּעָ֑דֶת מִבְטָ֥ח בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד בְּי֣וֹם צָרָֽה׃ |
Putting trust in a traitor In a time of tribulation Is like a bad tooth Or a sprained foot. |
time ← day. |
| Prov 25:20 | מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְשָׁ֥ר בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע׃ פ |
He who removes a person's garment on a cold day Is like vinegar on soda, Or one who sings songs to a grieving heart. |
grieving ← bad.
AV differs in syntactical arrangement. |
| Prov 25:21 | אִם־רָעֵ֣ב שֹׂ֭נַאֲךָ הַאֲכִלֵ֣הוּ לָ֑חֶם וְאִם־צָ֝מֵ֗א הַשְׁקֵ֥הוּ מָֽיִם׃ |
If he who hates you is hungry, Give him food; And if he is thirsty, Give him water to drink, |
Rom 12:20.
give him food ← feed him bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 25:22 | כִּ֤י גֶֽחָלִ֗ים אַ֭תָּה חֹתֶ֣ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַֽ֝יהוָ֗ה יְשַׁלֶּם־לָֽךְ׃ |
For then you are heaping burning coals on his head, And the Lord will repay you. |
Rom 12:19, Rom 12:20.
heaping ← shovelling. |
| Prov 25:23 | ר֣וּחַ צָ֭פוֹן תְּח֣וֹלֵֽל גָּ֑שֶׁם וּפָנִ֥ים נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר׃ |
A northern wind brings forth rain, And a resentful face an uncommunicative tongue. |
brings forth: AV differs (driveth away).
an uncommunicative tongue ← a tongue of secrecy, a Hebraic genitive. AV differs somewhat, and it is stronger (backbiting). |
| Prov 25:24 | ט֗וֹב שֶׁ֥בֶת עַל־פִּנַּת־גָּ֑ג מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים וּבֵ֥ית חָֽבֶר׃ |
It is better to live in the corner of a roof, Than in a mansion, But with a contentious wife. |
contentious ← of contentions. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. As in Prov 18:19, Prov 21:19; Prov 23:29 (which has the textual issue).
live ... mansion: see Prov 21:9, and the additional note there. |
| Prov 25:25 | מַ֣יִם קָ֭רִים עַל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה וּשְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָֽק׃ |
As cold water is to a weary person, So is a good report from a distant land. |
person ← soul.
so: wider use of the vav. |
| Prov 25:26 | מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּמָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת צַ֝דִּ֗יק מָ֣ט לִפְנֵֽי־רָשָֽׁע׃ |
A righteous man tottering before a wicked one Is like a turbid spring and a sullied water-source. |
|
| Prov 25:27 | אָ֘כֹ֤ל דְּבַ֣שׁ הַרְבּ֣וֹת לֹא־ט֑וֹב וְחֵ֖קֶר כְּבֹדָ֣ם כָּבֽוֹד׃ |
It is not good to eat much honey, But investigation of what has glory Is itself glory. |
to eat: infinitive absolute.
what has glory ← their glory. AV differs in the second hemistich (so for men to search their own glory is not glory.). |
| Prov 25:28 | עִ֣יר פְּ֭רוּצָה אֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֑ה אִ֝֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֖ין מַעְצָ֣ר לְרוּחֽוֹ׃ |
A man who has no restraint of his spirit Is like a breached city which has no wall. |
|
| Prov 26:1 | כַּשֶּׁ֤לֶג ׀ בַּקַּ֗יִץ וְכַמָּטָ֥ר בַּקָּצִ֑יר כֵּ֤ן לֹא־נָאוֶ֖ה לִכְסִ֣יל כָּבֽוֹד׃ |
As snow in summer And as rain in the harvest, So it is not becoming For a fool to have honour. |
|
| Prov 26:2 | כַּצִּפּ֣וֹר לָ֭נוּד כַּדְּר֣וֹר לָע֑וּף כֵּ֥ן קִֽלְלַ֥ת חִ֝נָּ֗ם *לא **ל֣וֹ תָבֹֽא׃ |
As a bird takes flight, As a swallow flies away, So shall a gratuitous curse {K: Not come to pass} [Q: Come to him]. |
The qeré could be taken as come to pass on the one who made the curse. |
| Prov 26:3 | שׁ֣וֹט לַ֭סּוּס מֶ֣תֶג לַחֲמ֑וֹר וְ֝שֵׁ֗בֶט לְגֵ֣ו כְּסִילִֽים׃ |
A whip for the horse, A bridle for the donkey, And a rod for the back of fools. |
|
| Prov 26:4 | אַל־תַּ֣עַן כְּ֭סִיל כְּאִוַּלְתּ֑וֹ פֶּֽן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לּ֥וֹ גַם־אָֽתָּה׃ |
Do not answer a fool according to his own foolishness, In case you yourself come to resemble him. |
you yourself ← also you. |
| Prov 26:5 | עֲנֵ֣ה כְ֭סִיל כְּאִוַּלְתּ֑וֹ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֖ה חָכָ֣ם בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ |
Do answer a fool according to his own foolishness, So that he does not become wise in his own eyes. |
This and the preceding verse give the risks whether answering a fool according to his foolishness or not. |
| Prov 26:6 | מְקַצֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַיִם חָמָ֣ס שֹׁתֶ֑ה שֹׁלֵ֖חַ דְּבָרִ֣ים בְּיַד־כְּסִֽיל׃ |
He who sends a message by the agency of a fool Cuts off the feet and drinks injury. |
agency ← hand. |
| Prov 26:7 | דַּלְי֣וּ שֹׁ֭קַיִם מִפִּסֵּ֑חַ וּ֝מָשָׁ֗ל בְּפִ֣י כְסִילִֽים׃ |
You could amputate the legs of a lame man And a proverb in the mouth of a fool. |
you could amputate the legs of a lame man ← remove ([ST] ôter) the legs from a lame (man). Others, the legs of a lame (man are) weak, but this does not account for the imperative or the preposition from. AV differs (... are not equal). |
| Prov 26:8 | כִּצְר֣וֹר אֶ֭בֶן בְּמַרְגֵּמָ֑ה כֵּן־נוֹתֵ֖ן לִכְסִ֣יל כָּבֽוֹד׃ |
As a grain of grit in a heap of boulders, So is he who gives a fool honour. |
grit ← stone.
heap of boulders: AV differs (sling). |
| Prov 26:9 | ח֭וֹחַ עָלָ֣ה בְיַד־שִׁכּ֑וֹר וּ֝מָשָׁ֗ל בְּפִ֣י כְסִילִֽים׃ |
A thorn gets stuck in the hand of a drunkard, And a proverb in the mouths of fools. |
gets stuck in ← goes up into.
mouths ← mouth, but plural fools. |
| Prov 26:10 | רַ֥ב מְחֽוֹלֵֽל־כֹּ֑ל וְשֹׂכֵ֥ר כְּ֝סִ֗יל וְשֹׂכֵ֥ר עֹבְרִֽים׃ |
A great man produces all kinds of things, But he who hires a fool Also hires those who are remiss. |
are remiss ← pass over, so also more strongly, transgress.
AV differs throughout (The great God that formed all things both rewardeth the fool, and rewardeth transgressors). |
| Prov 26:11 | כְּ֭כֶלֶב שָׁ֣ב עַל־קֵא֑וֹ כְּ֝סִ֗יל שׁוֹנֶ֥ה בְאִוַּלְתּֽוֹ׃ |
Like a dog which returns to its own vomit, Is a fool who repeats his stupidity. |
2 Pet 2:22. |
| Prov 26:12 | רָאִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ חָכָ֣ם בְּעֵינָ֑יו תִּקְוָ֖ה לִכְסִ֣יל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Have you seen a man wise in his own eyes? A fool has more hope than him. |
than him: or, if the reader prefers, than he. |
| Prov 26:13 | אָמַ֣ר עָ֭צֵל שַׁ֣חַל בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ אֲ֝רִ֗י בֵּ֣ין הָרְחֹבֽוֹת׃ |
A lazy man says, “There is a lion in the road – A fierce lion among the streets.” |
|
| Prov 26:14 | הַ֭דֶּלֶת תִּסּ֣וֹב עַל־צִירָ֑הּ וְ֝עָצֵ֗ל עַל־מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ |
A door turns on its hinge, And a lazy man on his bed. |
|
| Prov 26:15 | טָ֘מַ֤ן עָצֵ֣ל יָ֭דוֹ בַּצַּלָּ֑חַת נִ֝לְאָ֗ה לַֽהֲשִׁיבָ֥הּ אֶל־פִּֽיו׃ |
A lazy man dips his hand in the bowl, But can't be bothered to bring it back to his mouth. |
can't be bothered ← is weary.
Compare Prov 19:24. |
| Prov 26:16 | חָכָ֣ם עָצֵ֣ל בְּעֵינָ֑יו מִ֝שִּׁבְעָ֗ה מְשִׁ֣יבֵי טָֽעַם׃ |
A lazy man is wise in his own eyes – More so than seven men can give a reason for. |
give a reason for ← return discernment (for). |
| Prov 26:17 | מַחֲזִ֥יק בְּאָזְנֵי־כָ֑לֶב עֹבֵ֥ר מִ֝תְעַבֵּ֗ר עַל־רִ֥יב לֹּֽא־לֽוֹ׃ |
He who crosses over and interferes in a dispute Which doesn't belong to him, Is like one who seizes a dog's ears. |
interferes ← goes beyond limits. |
| Prov 26:18 | כְּֽ֭מִתְלַהְלֵהַּ הַיֹּרֶ֥ה זִקִּ֗ים חִצִּ֥ים וָמָֽוֶת׃ |
Like a madman who shoots darts, arrows and death, |
|
| Prov 26:19 | כֵּֽן־אִ֭ישׁ רִמָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝אָמַ֗ר הֲֽלֹא־מְשַׂחֵ֥ק אָֽנִי׃ |
So is a man who deceives his neighbour and says, “I was only jesting, wasn't I?” |
|
| Prov 26:20 | בְּאֶ֣פֶס עֵ֭צִים תִּכְבֶּה־אֵ֑שׁ וּבְאֵ֥ין נִ֝רְגָּ֗ן יִשְׁתֹּ֥ק מָדֽוֹן׃ |
When there are no more logs, The fire goes out, And when there is no gossipmonger, Contention abates. |
|
| Prov 26:21 | פֶּחָ֣ם לְ֭גֶחָלִים וְעֵצִ֣ים לְאֵ֑שׁ וְאִ֥ישׁ *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים לְחַרְחַר־רִֽיב׃ פ |
Coal for the embers, And wood for the fire, And a contentious man To incite an argument. |
a contentious man ← a man of contentions. The textual issue is as in Prov 25:24 etc. |
| Prov 26:22 | דִּבְרֵ֣י נִ֭רְגָּן כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑ים וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃ |
The words of a gossipmonger are like delicacies, Which descend into the inner parts of the belly. |
delicacies: AV differs (wounds). |
| Prov 26:23 | כֶּ֣סֶף סִ֭יגִים מְצֻפֶּ֣ה עַל־חָ֑רֶשׂ שְׂפָתַ֖יִם דֹּלְקִ֣ים וְלֶב־רָֽע׃ |
Ardent lips but an evil heart Are like silver dross overlaid on a shard. |
|
| Prov 26:24 | *בשפתו **בִּ֭שְׂפָתָיו יִנָּכֵ֣ר שׂוֹנֵ֑א וּ֝בְקִרְבּ֗וֹ יָשִׁ֥ית מִרְמָֽה׃ |
He who hates Puts up a pretence with his {Q: lips} [K: lip] And harbours deceit inwardly. |
inwardly ← in his inward part. |
| Prov 26:25 | כִּֽי־יְחַנֵּ֣ן ק֭וֹלוֹ אַל־תַּֽאֲמֶן־בּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י שֶׁ֖בַע תּוֹעֵב֣וֹת בְּלִבּֽוֹ׃ |
When he sounds gracious, Do not believe him, For there are seven abominations in his heart. |
sounds gracious ← makes his voice gracious. |
| Prov 26:26 | תִּכַּסֶּ֣ה שִׂ֭נְאָה בְּמַשָּׁא֑וֹן תִּגָּלֶ֖ה רָעָת֣וֹ בְקָהָֽל׃ |
Hatred is concealed by deception, But his evil will be discovered in the convocation. |
concealed ← covered. |
| Prov 26:27 | כֹּֽרֶה־שַּׁ֭חַת בָּ֣הּ יִפֹּ֑ל וְגֹ֥לֵ֥ל אֶ֝בֶן אֵלָ֥יו תָּשֽׁוּב׃ |
He who digs a pit will fall into it, And as for him who rolls a stone, It will come back upon him. |
|
| Prov 26:28 | לְֽשׁוֹן־שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א דַכָּ֑יו וּפֶ֥ה חָ֝לָ֗ק יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה מִדְחֶֽה׃ |
A lying tongue hates those whom it has oppressed, And a flattering mouth brings about ruin. |
those whom it has oppressed ← its oppressed (ones). |
| Prov 27:1 | אַֽל־תִּ֭תְהַלֵּל בְּי֣וֹם מָחָ֑ר כִּ֤י לֹא־תֵ֝דַ֗ע מַה־יֵּ֥לֶד יֽוֹם׃ |
Do not boast about tomorrow, For you do not know what the day will bring. |
bring ← bear, give birth to. |
| Prov 27:2 | יְהַלֶּלְךָ֣ זָ֣ר וְלֹא־פִ֑יךָ נָ֝כְרִ֗י וְאַל־שְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Let an outsider praise you, And not your own mouth – A foreigner, And not your own lips. |
outsider ← stranger. |
| Prov 27:3 | כֹּֽבֶד־אֶ֭בֶן וְנֵ֣טֶל הַח֑וֹל וְכַ֥עַס אֱ֝וִ֗יל כָּבֵ֥ד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
There is the weight of a stone And the burden of sand, But a fool's anger is more burdensome than either of them. |
either of them ← the two of them, but applicable individually, to each. |
| Prov 27:4 | אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה׃ |
There are cruelty and fury, And the eruption of anger, But who can stand In the face of envy? |
eruption ← effusion. |
| Prov 27:5 | ט֭וֹבָה תּוֹכַ֣חַת מְגֻלָּ֑ה מֵֽאַהֲבָ֥ה מְסֻתָּֽרֶת׃ |
Open reproof is better Than secret love. |
open ← uncovered.
secret ← hidden. |
| Prov 27:6 | נֶ֭אֱמָנִים פִּצְעֵ֣י אוֹהֵ֑ב וְ֝נַעְתָּר֗וֹת נְשִׁיק֥וֹת שׂוֹנֵֽא׃ |
Wounds from a friend Are bearable, But the kisses of one who hates Are glib. |
bearable ← faithful, but see Isa 60:4 where the verb means be carried.
glib: the Hebrew word has connotations of profusion and insincerity. |
| Prov 27:7 | נֶ֣פֶשׁ שְׂ֭בֵעָה תָּב֣וּס נֹ֑פֶת וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ רְ֝עֵבָ֗ה כָּל־מַ֥ר מָתֽוֹק׃ |
One with a satisfied appetite will trample a honeycomb under foot, But to one with a ravenous appetite, Even anything bitter is sweet. |
appetite (2x) ← soul.
anything ← everything. |
| Prov 27:8 | כְּ֭צִפּוֹר נוֹדֶ֣דֶת מִן־קִנָּ֑הּ כֵּֽן־אִ֝֗ישׁ נוֹדֵ֥ד מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
As a bird which flies away from its nest, So is a man who migrates from his place. |
|
| Prov 27:9 | שֶׁ֣מֶן וּ֭קְטֹרֶת יְשַׂמַּֽח־לֵ֑ב וּמֶ֥תֶק רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ מֵֽעֲצַת־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Oil and incense please the heart, As does a friend's generosity With vitally important advice. |
generosity ← sweetness.
with vitally important advice ← from advice of the soul, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 27:10 | רֵֽעֲךָ֨ *ורעה **וְרֵ֪עַ אָבִ֡יךָ אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹ֗ב וּבֵ֥ית אָחִ֗יךָ אַל־תָּ֭בוֹא בְּי֣וֹם אֵידֶ֑ךָ ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵאָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק׃ |
Do not forsake your own friend, Or a friend of your father, And do not enter your brother's house in the event of your downfall. A nearby neighbour Is better than a distant brother. |
a friend: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Prov 27:11 | חֲכַ֣ם בְּ֭נִי וְשַׂמַּ֣ח לִבִּ֑י וְאָשִׁ֖יבָה חֹרְפִ֣י דָבָֽר׃ |
My son, become wise and please my heart So that I can answer him who reproaches me. |
so that: purposive use of the vav.
answer ← return word. |
| Prov 27:12 | עָר֤וּם רָאָ֣ה רָעָ֣ה נִסְתָּ֑ר פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם עָבְר֥וּ נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ |
A prudent man sees evil and hides, But the gullible cross over to it And pay the penalty. |
pay the penalty ← are punished.
Compare Prov 22:3. |
| Prov 27:13 | קַח־בִּ֭גְדוֹ כִּי־עָ֣רַב זָ֑ר וּבְעַ֖ד נָכְרִיָּ֣ה חַבְלֵֽהוּ׃ |
“Take his clothing, For he became security to a stranger, And bind him up, For pledging to a foreign lady.” |
Compare Prov 20:16. |
| Prov 27:14 | מְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְ רֵעֵ֨הוּ ׀ בְּק֣וֹל גָּ֭דוֹל בַּבֹּ֣קֶר הַשְׁכֵּ֑ים קְ֝לָלָ֗ה תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב לֽוֹ׃ |
As for him who rises early in the morning And blesses his neighbour with a loud voice, It will be considered a curse to him. |
|
| Prov 27:15 | דֶּ֣לֶף ט֭וֹרֵד בְּי֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵ֥שֶׁת *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה׃ |
The steady dripping on a day of persistent rain Is what a contentious wife is comparable to. |
contentious: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. As in Prov 18:19, Prov 21:19. |
| Prov 27:16 | צֹפְנֶ֥יהָ צָֽפַן־ר֑וּחַ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן יְמִינ֣וֹ יִקְרָֽא׃ |
He who would restrain her Might as well restrain the wind, And call for ointment to soothe his right hand. |
he who would restrain her ← her restrainers, but followed by a singular verb.
ointment to soothe his right hand ← oil of his right hand. Ironic, as if after much manual labour. There is no word for grasping, as some propose (see biblehub.com). AV differs in several ways. |
| Prov 27:17 | בַּרְזֶ֣ל בְּבַרְזֶ֣ל יָ֑חַד וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ יַ֣חַד פְּנֵֽי־רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ |
Iron is sharpened by iron, And a man sharpens the intellect of his neighbour. |
intellect ← face. |
| Prov 27:18 | נֹצֵ֣ר תְּ֭אֵנָה יֹאכַ֣ל פִּרְיָ֑הּ וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣יו יְכֻבָּֽד׃ |
He who keeps a fig tree Will eat of its fruit, And he who heeds his master Will be honoured. |
heeds ← keeps, guards, but also takes heed of. |
| Prov 27:19 | כַּ֭מַּיִם הַפָּנִ֣ים לַפָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב־הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לָאָדָֽם׃ |
Just as water reflects a face back to a face, So a man's heart reflects the man. |
|
| Prov 27:20 | שְׁא֣וֹל *ואבדה **וַ֭אֲבַדּוֹ לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָה וְעֵינֵ֥י הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּֽעְנָה׃ |
The grave and destruction are never satisfied, And never satisfied are the eyes of man. |
destruction: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning, similar to the Hebrew Abaddon; compare Rev 9:11.
never satisfied ... never satisfied ← not satisfied ... not satisfied. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Prov 27:21 | מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭כֶּסֶף וְכ֣וּר לַזָּהָ֑ב וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ לְפִ֣י מַהֲלָלֽוֹ׃ |
The crucible is for silver, And the furnace for gold, But a man is assessed According to how he is commended. |
how he is commended ← his commendation, an objective genitive.
Compare Prov 17:3. |
| Prov 27:22 | אִ֥ם תִּכְתּֽוֹשׁ־אֶת־הָאֱוִ֨יל ׀ בַּֽמַּכְתֵּ֡שׁ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָ֭רִיפוֹת בַּֽעֱלִ֑י לֹא־תָס֥וּר מֵ֝עָלָ֗יו אִוַּלְתּֽוֹ׃ פ |
Even if you were to grind the fool in a mortar Among the crushed grain, with a pestle, His stupidity would not depart from him. |
a mortar ... a pestle ← the mortar ... the pestle. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Prov 27:23 | יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּ֭דַע פְּנֵ֣י צֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁ֥ית לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַעֲדָרִֽים׃ |
Make a point of knowing the condition of your sheep, And pay attention to the flocks, |
make a point of knowing: infinitive absolute.
condition ← face. pay attention ← lay to your heart. |
| Prov 27:24 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לְעוֹלָ֣ם חֹ֑סֶן וְאִם־נֵ֝֗זֶר לְד֣וֹר *דור **וָדֽוֹר׃ |
For riches do not endure for ever Nor does a crown from generation {Q: to} [K: to] generation. |
for ever ← for the age.
nor ← and if. Perhaps strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Prov 27:25 | גָּלָ֣ה חָ֭צִיר וְנִרְאָה־דֶ֑שֶׁא וְ֝נֶאֶסְפ֗וּ עִשְּׂב֥וֹת הָרִֽים׃ |
The hay is taken away, The fresh grass appears, And the vegetation of the mountains is gathered. |
is taken away: AV differs, as if niphal (appeareth), but [AnLx] includes disappear. |
| Prov 27:26 | כְּבָשִׂ֥ים לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּמְחִ֥יר שָׂ֝דֶ֗ה עַתּוּדִֽים׃ |
Lambs are for your clothing, And goats pay for the price of their field, |
|
| Prov 27:27 | וְדֵ֤י ׀ חֲלֵ֬ב עִזִּ֗ים לְֽ֭לַחְמְךָ לְלֶ֣חֶם בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
And you will have sufficient goats' milk for your own food, And for the food of your household And sustenance for your maidservants. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general (here for dairy produce). See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
sustenance ← life. |
| Prov 28:1 | נָ֣סוּ וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֣ף רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗ים כִּכְפִ֥יר יִבְטָֽח׃ |
The wicked flee when there is no pursuer, But the righteous have confidence like a lion. |
the wicked: singular, but with plural verb.
the righteous: plural, but with singular verb (though its subject could be taken to be a lion). |
| Prov 28:2 | בְּפֶ֣שַֽׁע אֶ֭רֶץ רַבִּ֣ים שָׂרֶ֑יהָ וּבְאָדָ֥ם מֵבִ֥ין יֹ֝דֵ֗עַ כֵּ֣ן יַאֲרִֽיךְ׃ |
For the misrule of a country, It has many rulers, But with a man who understands and is knowledgeable, Its basis will last long. |
misrule ← transgression. |
| Prov 28:3 | גֶּ֣בֶר רָ֭שׁ וְעֹשֵׁ֣ק דַּלִּ֑ים מָטָ֥ר סֹ֝חֵ֗ף וְאֵ֣ין לָֽחֶם׃ |
An impoverished man who oppresses the poor Is like sweeping rain And no food. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 28:4 | עֹזְבֵ֣י ת֭וֹרָה יְהַֽלְל֣וּ רָשָׁ֑ע וְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י ת֝וֹרָ֗ה יִתְגָּ֥רוּ בָֽם׃ פ |
Those who forsake the law Praise the wicked man, But those who keep the law Are offended by them. |
offended: or provoked. AV differs somewhat (contend). |
| Prov 28:5 | אַנְשֵׁי־רָ֭ע לֹא־יָבִ֣ינוּ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּמְבַקְשֵׁ֥י יְ֝הוָ֗ה יָבִ֥ינוּ כֹֽל׃ |
Evil men do not understand justice, But those who seek the Lord Will understand everything. |
evil men ← men of evil, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 28:6 | טֽוֹב־רָ֭שׁ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּתֻמּ֑וֹ מֵעִקֵּ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכַ֗יִם וְה֣וּא עָשִֽׁיר׃ |
An impoverished man who walks in his integrity Is better than one who perverts his ways, But who is rich. |
his ways: dual, suggesting double-dealing, but the consonantal text could also be plural. |
| Prov 28:7 | נוֹצֵ֣ר תּ֭וֹרָה בֵּ֣ן מֵבִ֑ין וְרֹעֶה זֽ֝וֹלְלִ֗ים יַכְלִ֥ים אָבִֽיו׃ |
He who keeps the law Is an understanding son, But he who associates with the debauched Puts his father to shame. |
debauched: or prodigal. |
| Prov 28:8 | מַרְבֶּ֣ה ה֭וֹנוֹ בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ *ובתרבית **וְתַרְבִּ֑ית לְחוֹנֵ֖ן דַּלִּ֣ים יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃ |
He who increases his wealth by charging interest, And {K: by} [Q: - ] exacting a financial return, Accumulates it For him who will be gracious to the poor. |
|
| Prov 28:9 | מֵסִ֣יר אָ֭זְנוֹ מִשְּׁמֹ֣עַ תּוֹרָ֑ה גַּֽם־תְּ֝פִלָּת֗וֹ תּוֹעֵבָֽה׃ |
As for him who turns a deaf ear to the law, His prayer is an abomination in addition. |
turns a deaf ear to ← removes his ear from hearing. |
| Prov 28:10 | מַשְׁגֶּ֤ה יְשָׁרִ֨ים ׀ בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ רָ֗ע בִּשְׁחוּת֥וֹ הֽוּא־יִפּ֑וֹל וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִנְחֲלוּ־טֽוֹב׃ |
He who leads the upright astray into a bad way Will fall into his own pit, Whereas those with integrity Will inherit what is good. |
|
| Prov 28:11 | חָכָ֣ם בְּ֭עֵינָיו אִ֣ישׁ עָשִׁ֑יר וְדַ֖ל מֵבִ֣ין יַחְקְרֶֽנּוּ׃ |
A rich man is wise in his own eyes, But a poor man who has understanding Will examine him. |
examine: perhaps not just perspicacity when the rich man boasts, but a legal examination in the future. |
| Prov 28:12 | בַּעֲלֹ֣ץ צַ֭דִּיקִים רַבָּ֣ה תִפְאָ֑רֶת וּבְק֥וּם רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְחֻפַּ֥שׂ אָדָֽם׃ |
When the righteous rejoice, There is great glory, But when the wicked rise, A man will be in hiding. |
in hiding ← (needing to be) sought. Gerundival use of the pual (so passive) participle. |
| Prov 28:13 | מְכַסֶּ֣ה פְ֭שָׁעָיו לֹ֣א יַצְלִ֑יחַ וּמוֹדֶ֖ה וְעֹזֵ֣ב יְרֻחָֽם׃ |
He who covers up his transgressions Will not be successful, But he who confesses them and renounces them Will be shown mercy. |
renounces ← leaves, abandons. |
| Prov 28:14 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מְפַחֵ֣ד תָּמִ֑יד וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗וֹ יִפּ֥וֹל בְּרָעָֽה׃ |
Happy is the man who always fears, But he who hardens his heart Will land in trouble. |
land in ← fall into. |
| Prov 28:15 | אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְדֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל׃ |
An evil ruler over a powerless people Is a growling lion and a prowling bear. |
|
| Prov 28:16 | נָגִ֗יד חֲסַ֣ר תְּ֭בוּנוֹת וְרַ֥ב מַעֲשַׁקּ֑וֹת *שנאי **שֹׂ֥נֵא בֶ֝֗צַע יַאֲרִ֥יךְ יָמִֽים׃ פ |
A leader who lacks understanding And a great oppressor – What of him? But {Q: he who hates} [K: those who hate] plunder Will prolong {Q: his} [K: their] days. |
a great oppressor ← great of oppressions. |
| Prov 28:17 | אָ֭דָם עָשֻׁ֣ק בְּדַם־נָפֶשׁ עַד־בּ֥וֹר יָ֝נ֗וּס אַל־יִתְמְכוּ־בֽוֹ׃ |
A man under pressure by having shed the blood of a person Will flee until he goes to the grave. May he not be given support. |
person ← soul.
grave ← pit. may he not be given support ← may they not support him. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Prov 28:18 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ תָּ֭מִים יִוָּשֵׁ֑עַ וְנֶעְקַ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכַ֗יִם יִפּ֥וֹל בְּאֶחָֽת׃ |
He who walks with integrity Will be saved, But he who is perverse in his ways Will fall on one of them. |
his ways: dual; see Prov 28:6. |
| Prov 28:19 | עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף רֵ֝קִ֗ים יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־רִֽישׁ׃ |
He who cultivates his land Will have plenty of food, But he who pursues vain things Will have plenty of scarcity. |
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
scarcity: or poverty. |
| Prov 28:20 | אִ֣ישׁ אֱ֭מוּנוֹת רַב־בְּרָכ֑וֹת וְאָ֥ץ לְ֝הַעֲשִׁ֗יר לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה׃ |
A faithful man will have many blessings, But he who hastens to enrich himself Will not be held guiltless. |
faithful man ← man of faithfulnesses, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 28:21 | הַֽכֵּר־פָּנִ֥ים לֹא־ט֑וֹב וְעַל־פַּת־לֶ֝֗חֶם יִפְשַׁע־גָּֽבֶר׃ |
It is not good to show partiality, Yet for a piece of bread A man will transgress. |
show partiality ← acknowledge faces.
yet: adversative use of the vav. piece of bread: perhaps standing for an item of food. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 28:22 | נִֽבֳהָ֥ל לַה֗וֹן אִ֭ישׁ רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן וְלֹֽא־יֵ֝דַע כִּי־חֶ֥סֶר יְבֹאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
A man with a covetous eye hastens to riches, But he does not know That scarcity will come upon him. |
a man with (etc.): AV differs in syntactical arrangement.
scarcity: or lack. |
| Prov 28:23 | מ֘וֹכִ֤יחַ אָדָ֣ם אַ֭חֲרַי חֵ֣ן יִמְצָ֑א מִֽמַּחֲלִ֥יק לָשֽׁוֹן׃ |
He who reproves a man Will find more goodwill afterwards Than he who flatters with his tongue. |
afterwards: we take the yod as paragogic; otherwise, the meaning is after me. |
| Prov 28:24 | גּוֹזֵ֤ל ׀ אָ֘בִ֤יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ וְאֹמֵ֥ר אֵֽין־פָּ֑שַׁע חָבֵ֥ר ה֝֗וּא לְאִ֣ישׁ מַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
As for him who robs his father and his mother, Saying that it isn't wrong, He is an accomplice To a ruinous man. |
wrong ← a transgression.
ruinous man ← man of ruin, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 28:25 | רְחַב־נֶ֭פֶשׁ יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּבוֹטֵ֖חַ עַל־יְהוָ֣ה יְדֻשָּֽׁן׃ |
He of an overbearing manner Arouses strife, But he who trusts in the Lord Will be richly satisfied. |
of an overbearing manner ← wide of soul.
richly satisfied ← made fat. |
| Prov 28:26 | בּוֹטֵ֣חַ בְּ֭לִבּוֹ ה֣וּא כְסִ֑יל וְהוֹלֵ֥ךְ בְּ֝חָכְמָ֗ה ה֣וּא יִמָּלֵֽט׃ |
He who trusts his own heart Is a fool, But he who walks in wisdom Will be delivered. |
|
| Prov 28:27 | נוֹתֵ֣ן לָ֭רָשׁ אֵ֣ין מַחְס֑וֹר וּמַעְלִ֥ים עֵ֝ינָ֗יו רַב־מְאֵרֽוֹת׃ |
He who gives to the poor Does not suffer lack, But he who turns his eyes away Incurs an abundance of curses. |
turns his eyes away ← hides his eyes. |
| Prov 28:28 | בְּק֣וּם רְ֭שָׁעִים יִסָּתֵ֣ר אָדָ֑ם וּ֝בְאָבְדָ֗ם יִרְבּ֥וּ צַדִּיקִֽים׃ |
When the wicked rise up, A man will go into hiding, But when they perish The righteous will be numerous. |
go into hiding ← hide themselves, or be hidden. |
| Prov 29:1 | אִ֣ישׁ תּ֭וֹכָחוֹת מַקְשֶׁה־עֹ֑רֶף פֶּ֥תַע יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר וְאֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃ |
A man who has been reproved many times Becomes stiff-necked And will suddenly suffer a downfall With no remedy. |
a man who has been reproved many times ← a man of reproofs.
becomes stiff-necked ← stiffens his neck. suffer a downfall ← be broken. |
| Prov 29:2 | בִּרְב֣וֹת צַ֭דִּיקִים יִשְׂמַ֣ח הָעָ֑ם וּבִמְשֹׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע יֵאָ֥נַֽח עָֽם׃ |
When the righteous have power, The people are joyful, But when a wicked man rules, The people sigh. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Prov 29:3 | אִֽישׁ־אֹהֵ֣ב חָ֭כְמָה יְשַׂמַּ֣ח אָבִ֑יו וְרֹעֶ֥ה ז֝וֹנ֗וֹת יְאַבֶּד־הֽוֹן׃ |
A man who loves wisdom Pleases his father, But he who associates with prostitutes Dissipates wealth. |
dissipates ← destroys. |
| Prov 29:4 | מֶ֗לֶךְ בְּ֭מִשְׁפָּט יַעֲמִ֣יד אָ֑רֶץ וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּרוּמ֣וֹת יֶֽהֶרְסֶֽנָּה׃ |
A king reigning judiciously Establishes a country, But a man open to bribes Demolishes it. |
judiciously ← in justice.
bribes ← offerings. Also used of heave-offerings. |
| Prov 29:5 | גֶּ֭בֶר מַחֲלִ֣יק עַל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ רֶ֝֗שֶׁת פּוֹרֵ֥שׂ עַל־פְּעָמָֽיו׃ |
A man who flatters his neighbour Spreads a net at his steps. |
|
| Prov 29:6 | בְּפֶ֤שַֽׁע אִ֣ישׁ רָ֣ע מוֹקֵ֑שׁ וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק יָר֥וּן וְשָׂמֵֽחַ׃ |
An evil man is a snare with his transgression, But a righteous man shouts for joy And rejoices. |
|
| Prov 29:7 | יֹדֵ֣עַ צַ֭דִּיק דִּ֣ין דַּלִּ֑ים רָ֝שָׁ֗ע לֹא־יָבִ֥ין דָּֽעַת׃ |
A righteous man recognizes the legal rights of the poor, But a wicked man does not care to acknowledge them. |
legal rights ← judgment; (legal) defence.
care to acknowledge ← attend to know. |
| Prov 29:8 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָ֭צוֹן יָפִ֣יחוּ קִרְיָ֑ה וַ֝חֲכָמִ֗ים יָשִׁ֥יבוּ אָֽף׃ |
Scornful men incite a town, But the wise avert anger. |
scornful men ← men of scorn, a Hebraic genitive.
incite: from root פוח. AV differs (bring into a snare), from root פחח. |
| Prov 29:9 | אִֽישׁ־חָכָ֗ם נִ֭שְׁפָּט אֶת־אִ֣ישׁ אֱוִ֑יל וְרָגַ֥ז וְ֝שָׂחַ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין נָֽחַת׃ |
As for a wise man litigating with a fool, Whether he rages or laughs, There is no rest. |
|
| Prov 29:10 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י דָ֭מִים יִשְׂנְאוּ־תָ֑ם וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Bloodthirsty men hate an integrous man, But the upright seek to preserve his life. |
bloodthirsty men ← men of blood.
life ← soul. |
| Prov 29:11 | כָּל־ר֭וּחוֹ יוֹצִ֣יא כְסִ֑יל וְ֝חָכָ֗ם בְּאָח֥וֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּה׃ |
A fool gives vent to all his temperament, But a wise man keeps it quiet in the background. |
gives vent to all his temperament ← brings out all his spirit.
in the background: AV differs (till afterwards), which is לְאָחוֹר; see [AnLx]. |
| Prov 29:12 | מֹ֭שֵׁל מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל־דְּבַר־שָׁ֑קֶר כָּֽל־מְשָׁרְתָ֥יו רְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
If a ruler heeds lying words, All his servants will be recruited from the wicked. |
lying words ← a word of falsehood, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 29:13 | רָ֤שׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּכָכִ֣ים נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ מֵ֤אִיר־עֵינֵ֖י שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם יְהוָֽה׃ |
When a poor man and a violent man meet, The Lord enlightens the eyes of both of them. |
violent man ← man of injuries, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Prov 29:14 | מֶ֤לֶךְ שׁוֹפֵ֣ט בֶּֽאֱמֶ֣ת דַּלִּ֑ים כִּ֝סְא֗וֹ לָעַ֥ד יִכּֽוֹן׃ |
If a king judges the poor truthfully, His throne will be established in perpetuity. |
|
| Prov 29:15 | שֵׁ֣בֶט וְ֭תוֹכַחַת יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה וְנַ֥עַר מְ֝שֻׁלָּ֗ח מֵבִ֥ישׁ אִמּֽוֹ׃ |
The rod and reproof yield wisdom, But a child excused Brings shame on his mother. |
excused ← dismissed, so remitted. |
| Prov 29:16 | בִּרְב֣וֹת רְ֭שָׁעִים יִרְבֶּה־פָּ֑שַׁע וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗ים בְּֽמַפַּלְתָּ֥ם יִרְאֽוּ׃ |
When the wicked increase, Transgression increases too, But the righteous will see their downfall. |
|
| Prov 29:17 | יַסֵּ֣ר בִּ֭נְךָ וִֽינִיחֶ֑ךָ וְיִתֵּ֖ן מַעֲדַנִּ֣ים לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ פ |
Correct your son, And he will give you rest, And he will give your being great pleasure. |
being ← soul.
great pleasure ← pleasures. |
| Prov 29:18 | בְּאֵ֣ין חָ֭זוֹן יִפָּ֣רַֽע עָ֑ם וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר תּוֹרָ֣ה אַשְׁרֵֽהוּ׃ |
When there is no vision, The people will behave wildly, But as for him who keeps the law, Blessed is he. |
behave wildly: AV differs (perish). |
| Prov 29:19 | בִּ֭דְבָרִים לֹא־יִוָּ֣סֶר עָ֑בֶד כִּֽי־יָ֝בִ֗ין וְאֵ֣ין מַעֲנֶֽה׃ |
A servant will not be corrected by words; Even if he understands, There will not be a response. |
|
| Prov 29:20 | חָזִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ אָ֣ץ בִּדְבָרָ֑יו תִּקְוָ֖ה לִכְסִ֣יל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
Have you seen a man Who was rash with his words? There is more hope for a fool than him. |
|
| Prov 29:21 | מְפַנֵּ֣ק מִנֹּ֣עַר עַבְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝אַחֲרִית֗וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מָנֽוֹן׃ |
When one spoils one's servant from his youth, The result of it will be ingratitude. |
the result of it will be ingratitude ← his latter (time) will be ingratitude. AV differs (shall have him become his son at the length). |
| Prov 29:22 | אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּבַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה רַב־פָּֽשַׁע׃ |
A bad-tempered man stirs up strife, And a man prone to fury Is in great transgression. |
bad-tempered man ← man of anger.
prone to ← of. |
| Prov 29:23 | גַּאֲוַ֣ת אָ֭דָם תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּ וּשְׁפַל־ר֝֗וּחַ יִתְמֹ֥ךְ כָּבֽוֹד׃ |
A man's pride will bring him low, But he of humble spirit will acquire honour. |
but he of humble spirit will acquire honour: or but honour will support (him of) humble spirit. AV differs, taking the alternative. |
| Prov 29:24 | חוֹלֵ֣ק עִם־גַּ֭נָּב שׂוֹנֵ֣א נַפְשׁ֑וֹ אָלָ֥ה יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע וְלֹ֣א יַגִּֽיד׃ |
He who shares spoil with a thief Hates himself; He hears an oath, But he does not tell anyone. |
himself ← his soul.
an oath: or a curse, i.e. a plot. |
| Prov 29:25 | חֶרְדַּ֣ת אָ֭דָם יִתֵּ֣ן מוֹקֵ֑שׁ וּבוֹטֵ֖חַ בַּיהוָ֣ה יְשֻׂגָּֽב׃ |
A man's disquiet constitutes a snare, But he who trusts in the Lord Will be placed in security. |
|
| Prov 29:26 | רַ֭בִּים מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים פְּנֵי־מוֹשֵׁ֑ל וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּט־אִֽישׁ׃ |
Many seek an audience with a ruler, But a man's justice will come from the Lord. |
an audience with ← the face of. |
| Prov 29:27 | תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת צַ֭דִּיקִים אִ֣ישׁ עָ֑וֶל וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע יְשַׁר־דָּֽרֶךְ׃ פ |
An iniquitous man is an abomination to the righteous, Whereas he who is upright in his way Is an abomination to the wicked man. |
an iniquitous man ← a man of iniquity, a Hebraic genitive.
upright in ← upright of. |
| Prov 30:1 | דִּבְרֵ֤י ׀ אָג֥וּר בִּן־יָקֶ֗ה הַמַּ֫שָּׂ֥א נְאֻ֣ם הַ֭גֶּבֶר לְאִֽיתִיאֵ֑ל לְאִ֖יתִיאֵ֣ל וְאֻכָֽל׃ | The words of Agur the son of Jakeh. The burden which the man spoke to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal. | burden: see Isa 13:1. |
| Prov 30:2 | כִּ֤י בַ֣עַר אָנֹכִ֣י מֵאִ֑ישׁ וְלֹֽא־בִינַ֖ת אָדָ֣ם לִֽי׃ |
Now I am more unrefined than any individual, And I do not have a man's erudition, |
|
| Prov 30:3 | וְלֹֽא־לָמַ֥דְתִּי חָכְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת קְדֹשִׁ֣ים אֵדָֽע׃ |
And I have not learned wisdom, But I do have knowledge of holy things. |
but I do have knowledge: or, as AV, allowing the previous negation to apply to this clause as well, nor do I have, but surely Agur has been given some positive insight for his words to be admitted into scripture. So AV differs. |
| Prov 30:4 | מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃ |
Who has ascended to heaven and descended? Who gathers the wind in his cupped hands? Who has bound up the waters in a garment? Who established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, And what is his son's name, If you know? |
a garment ← the garment. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Prov 30:5 | כָּל־אִמְרַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַּ צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לַֽחֹסִ֥ים בּֽוֹ׃ |
Every saying of God has been refined; It is a shield to those who take refuge in him. |
|
| Prov 30:6 | אַל־תּ֥וֹסְףְּ עַל־דְּבָרָ֑יו פֶּן־יוֹכִ֖יחַ בְּךָ֣ וְנִכְזָֽבְתָּ׃ פ |
Do not add to his words, Lest he reprove you, And you are proved false. |
Rev 22:18. |
| Prov 30:7 | שְׁ֭תַּיִם שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵאִתָּ֑ךְ אַל־תִּמְנַ֥ע מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי בְּטֶ֣רֶם אָמֽוּת׃ |
I have asked two things from you; Do not withhold them from me Before I die. |
|
| Prov 30:8 | שָׁ֤וְא ׀ וּֽדְבַר־כָּזָ֡ב הַרְחֵ֬ק מִמֶּ֗נִּי רֵ֣אשׁ וָ֭עֹשֶׁר אַל־תִּֽתֶּן־לִ֑י הַ֝טְרִיפֵ֗נִי לֶ֣חֶם חֻקִּֽי׃ |
Keep falsity and lying words away from me, Do not give me poverty or riches; Feed me on the food appointed for me, |
lying words ← a word of lying, a Hebraic genitive.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. appointed for me ← of my statute. |
| Prov 30:9 | פֶּ֥ן אֶשְׂבַּ֨ע ׀ וְכִחַשְׁתִּי֮ וְאָמַ֗רְתִּי מִ֥י יְה֫וָ֥ה וּפֶֽן־אִוָּרֵ֥שׁ וְגָנַ֑בְתִּי וְ֝תָפַ֗שְׂתִּי שֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהָֽי׃ פ |
Lest I should become excessively provided for, And disavow, and say, “Who is the Lord?” And lest I should become impoverished and steal, And use the name of my God irreverently. |
excessively provided for ← satiated, and so blasé.
use the name of my God irreverently ← seize the name of my God. |
| Prov 30:10 | אַל־תַּלְשֵׁ֣ן עֶ֭בֶד אֶל־*אדנו **אֲדֹנָ֑יו פֶּֽן־יְקַלֶּלְךָ֥ וְאָשָֽׁמְתָּ׃ |
Do not speak slanderously of a servant to his master, Lest he should curse you, And you incur guilt. |
his master: the ketiv uses the singular form of master; the qeré the plural (of majesty). |
| Prov 30:11 | דּ֭וֹר אָבִ֣יו יְקַלֵּ֑ל וְאֶת־אִ֝מּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א יְבָרֵֽךְ׃ |
A generation curses their father And does not bless their mother. |
their (2x) ← its. |
| Prov 30:12 | דּ֭וֹר טָה֣וֹר בְּעֵינָ֑יו וּ֝מִצֹּאָת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רֻחָֽץ׃ |
A generation is pure in its own eyes, But it is not washed clean of its excrement. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Prov 30:13 | דּ֭וֹר מָה־רָמ֣וּ עֵינָ֑יו וְ֝עַפְעַפָּ֗יו יִנָּשֵֽׂאוּ׃ |
How a generation's eyes are haughty And its eyelids lifted up! |
|
| Prov 30:14 | דּ֤וֹר ׀ חֲרָב֣וֹת שִׁנָּיו֮ וּֽמַאֲכָל֪וֹת מְֽתַלְּעֹ֫תָ֥יו לֶאֱכֹ֣ל עֲנִיִּ֣ים מֵאֶ֑רֶץ וְ֝אֶבְיוֹנִ֗ים מֵאָדָֽם׃ פ |
– A generation whose teeth are swords And whose incisors are knives For devouring the poor of the land And the needy among mankind. |
of the land ← from the land.
among mankind ← from (sons of) Adam. |
| Prov 30:15 | לַֽעֲלוּקָ֨ה ׀ שְׁתֵּ֥י בָנוֹת֮ הַ֤ב ׀ הַ֥ב שָׁל֣וֹשׁ הֵ֭נָּה לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָה אַ֝רְבַּ֗ע לֹא־אָ֥מְרוּ הֽוֹן׃ |
A leech had two daughters, Who said, “Give, give.” When there were three of them, They were not satisfied, And when they were four, they did not say, “That is plenty.” |
satisfied: or sufficient (for her). |
| Prov 30:16 | שְׁאוֹל֮ וְעֹ֪צֶ֫ר רָ֥חַם אֶ֭רֶץ לֹא־שָׂ֣בְעָה מַּ֑יִם וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לֹא־אָ֥מְרָה הֽוֹן׃ |
They are the grave, A closed womb, Land not satisfied with water, And a fire which does not say, “That is plenty.” |
closed womb ← restraining of womb. |
| Prov 30:17 | עַ֤יִן ׀ תִּֽלְעַ֣ג לְאָב֮ וְתָב֪וּז לִֽיקֲּהַ֫ת־אֵ֥ם יִקְּר֥וּהָ עֹרְבֵי־נַ֑חַל וְֽיֹאכְל֥וּהָ בְנֵי־נָֽשֶׁר׃ פ |
As for an eye which mocks his father And scorns obedience to his mother, The ravens of the brook will peck at it, And the young of the eagle will consume it. |
|
| Prov 30:18 | שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה הֵ֭מָּה נִפְלְא֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נִּי *וארבע **וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְדַעְתִּֽים׃ |
There are three things too wonderful for me, And four which I do not comprehend: |
four: the ketiv is masculine in form; the qeré feminine, as is the word three.
comprehend ← know. |
| Prov 30:19 | דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַנֶּ֨שֶׁר ׀ בַּשָּׁמַיִם֮ דֶּ֥רֶךְ נָחָ֗שׁ עֲלֵ֫י צ֥וּר דֶּֽרֶךְ־אֳנִיָּ֥ה בְלֶב־יָ֑ם וְדֶ֖רֶךְ גֶּ֣בֶר בְּעַלְמָֽה׃ |
The way of the eagle in the sky, The way of the serpent on a rock, The way of a ship in the middle of the sea And the way of a man with a maiden. |
in the middle of the sea: more loosely on the high sea. |
| Prov 30:20 | כֵּ֤ן ׀ דֶּ֥רֶךְ אִשָּׁ֗ה מְנָ֫אָ֥פֶת אָ֭כְלָה וּמָ֣חֲתָה פִ֑יהָ וְ֝אָמְרָ֗ה לֹֽא־פָעַ֥לְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃ פ |
Such is the way of an adulterous woman; She eats and wipes her mouth, And says, “I haven't done anything wrong.” |
|
| Prov 30:21 | תַּ֣חַת שָׁ֭לוֹשׁ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֑רֶץ וְתַ֥חַת אַ֝רְבַּ֗ע לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל שְׂאֵֽת׃ |
At three things the earth is agitated, And four it is not able to bear: |
at ← under.
four ← under four. |
| Prov 30:22 | תַּֽחַת־עֶ֭בֶד כִּ֣י יִמְל֑וֹךְ וְ֝נָבָ֗ל כִּ֣י יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָֽחֶם׃ |
A servant who reigns, And a fool when he has had his fill of food, |
a servant ← under / at a servant.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Prov 30:23 | תַּ֣חַת שְׂ֭נוּאָה כִּ֣י תִבָּעֵ֑ל וְ֝שִׁפְחָ֗ה כִּֽי־תִירַ֥שׁ גְּבִרְתָּֽהּ׃ פ |
A detestable woman if she marries, And a maidservant who dispossesses her mistress. |
a detestable woman ← under / at a detestable (woman). |
| Prov 30:24 | אַרְבָּ֣עָה הֵ֭ם קְטַנֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ וְ֝הֵ֗מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים מְחֻכָּמִֽים׃ |
There are four creatures Which are small on the earth, But they are wise, Most wise: |
small on ← small of. |
| Prov 30:25 | הַ֭נְּמָלִים עַ֣ם לֹא־עָ֑ז וַיָּכִ֖ינוּ בַקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָֽם׃ |
The ants are not a strong people, But in summer they make provision for their food; |
|
| Prov 30:26 | שְׁ֭פַנִּים עַ֣ם לֹא־עָצ֑וּם וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בַסֶּ֣לַע בֵּיתָֽם׃ |
The rock hyraxes which are not a powerful people, But they make their home in a rock; |
rock hyraxes: see Lev 11:5. |
| Prov 30:27 | מֶ֭לֶךְ אֵ֣ין לָאַרְבֶּ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֖א חֹצֵ֣ץ כֻּלּֽוֹ׃ |
The locust which does not have a king, Yet they go out in a pincer movement; |
in a pincer movement ← the whole of it dividing. |
| Prov 30:28 | שְׂ֭מָמִית בְּיָדַ֣יִם תְּתַפֵּ֑שׂ וְ֝הִ֗יא בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי מֶֽלֶךְ׃ פ |
The lizard which holds on with its arms And is found in royal palaces. |
lizard: AV differs (spider).
royal palaces ← palaces of a king. |
| Prov 30:29 | שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה הֵ֭מָּה מֵיטִ֣יבֵי צָ֑עַד וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗ה מֵיטִ֥בֵי לָֽכֶת׃ |
There are three creatures Which are good in their motion, And four which are good in their movement: |
motion ← step.
movement ← going. |
| Prov 30:30 | לַ֭יִשׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה וְלֹא־יָ֝שׁ֗וּב מִפְּנֵי־כֹֽל׃ |
The lion is mighty among animals – It does not back away from anything; |
from ← from the face of.
anything ← everything. |
| Prov 30:31 | זַרְזִ֣יר מָתְנַ֣יִם אוֹ־תָ֑יִשׁ וּ֝מֶ֗לֶךְ אַלְק֥וּם עִמּֽוֹ׃ |
The zebra girded around the loins, And the he-goat, And the king against whom there is no insurrection. |
zebra: AV differs (greyhound). Others, gazelle, starling.
no insurrection ← no rising with him. |
| Prov 30:32 | אִם־נָבַ֥לְתָּ בְהִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א וְאִם־זַ֝מּ֗וֹתָ יָ֣ד לְפֶֽה׃ |
If you have acted foolishly in exalting yourself, Or if you have been devious, Put your hand to your mouth. |
in exalting: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Prov 30:33 | כִּ֤י מִ֪יץ חָלָ֡ב י֘וֹצִ֤יא חֶמְאָ֗ה וּֽמִיץ־אַ֭ף י֣וֹצִיא דָ֑ם וּמִ֥יץ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם י֣וֹצִיא רִֽיב׃ פ |
For the churning of milk produces butter, But the churning of wrath produces bloodshed, And the churning of anger produces contention. |
churning of wrath: AV differs (wringing of the nose). |
| Prov 31:1 | דִּ֭בְרֵי לְמוּאֵ֣ל מֶ֑לֶךְ מַ֝שָּׂ֗א אֲֽשֶׁר־יִסְּרַ֥תּוּ אִמּֽוֹ׃ | The words of Lemuel the king – the burden which his mother taught him. |
burden: see Isa 13:1.
taught ← instructed. |
| Prov 31:2 | מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי׃ |
What, my son? And what, O son of my womb? And what, O son of my vows? |
what (3x): i.e. what do you know.
son (3x): an Aramaic form. |
| Prov 31:3 | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַנָּשִׁ֣ים חֵילֶ֑ךָ וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ לַֽמְח֥וֹת מְלָכִֽין׃ |
Do not give your strength to women, Or engage on ways Liable to wipe out kings. |
ways ← your ways.
kings: in an Aramaic form. |
| Prov 31:4 | אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים *או **אֵ֣י שֵׁכָֽר׃ |
It is not fitting for kings, Lemuel, It is not fitting for kings to drink wine, Nor for princes to drink {Q: any strong liquor} [K: strong liquor either], |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue. |
| Prov 31:5 | פֶּן־יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח מְחֻקָּ֑ק וִֽ֝ישַׁנֶּה דִּ֣ין כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ |
Lest he should drink and forget what is decreed, And he subverts the justice of any of the afflicted. |
he ... he: referring to a king or prince from the previous ↴
any ← all. afflicted ← sons of affliction. |
| Prov 31:6 | תְּנוּ־שֵׁכָ֣ר לְאוֹבֵ֑ד וְ֝יַיִן לְמָ֣רֵי נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Give strong liquor to him who is perishing, And wine to the inwardly bitter. |
↳ verse. A change of grammatical number (not uncommon in Hebrew).
inwardly bitter ← bitter of soul. |
| Prov 31:7 | יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח רִישׁ֑וֹ וַ֝עֲמָל֗וֹ לֹ֣א יִזְכָּר־עֽוֹד׃ |
Let him drink and forget his poverty, And no longer remember his sorrow. |
|
| Prov 31:8 | פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־דִּ֝֗ין כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י חֲלֽוֹף׃ |
Open your mouth to the mute And for the justice of all those passing away. |
those passing away ← sons of a passing away. |
| Prov 31:9 | פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ שְׁפָט־צֶ֑דֶק וְ֝דִ֗ין עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ פ |
Open your mouth, Judge righteously, And defend the poor and needy. |
|
| Prov 31:10 | אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ׃ |
Who can find a virtuous wife, Whose value is far above red corals? |
virtuous wife ← wife of virtue, a Hebraic genitive.
red corals: or pearls, but see Lam 4:7. |
| Prov 31:11 | בָּ֣טַח בָּ֭הּ לֵ֣ב בַּעְלָ֑הּ וְ֝שָׁלָ֗ל לֹ֣א יֶחְסָֽר׃ |
Her husband's heart will put trust in her, And gain will not be lacking. |
gain will not be lacking: AV differs (he shall have no need of spoil). |
| Prov 31:12 | גְּמָלַ֣תְהוּ ט֣וֹב וְלֹא־רָ֑ע כֹּ֝֗ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּֽיה׃ |
She will bestow good on him, and not evil, All the days of her life. |
|
| Prov 31:13 | דָּ֭רְשָׁה צֶ֣מֶר וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַ֝תַּ֗עַשׂ בְּחֵ֣פֶץ כַּפֶּֽיהָ׃ |
She asks for wool and flax, And works with her hands with pleasure. |
|
| Prov 31:14 | הָ֭יְתָה כָּאֳנִיּ֣וֹת סוֹחֵ֑ר מִ֝מֶּרְחָ֗ק תָּבִ֥יא לַחְמָֽהּ׃ |
She is like a merchant's ships; She brings her food in from a long way off. |
|
| Prov 31:15 | וַתָּ֤קָם ׀ בְּע֬וֹד לַ֗יְלָה וַתִּתֵּ֣ן טֶ֣רֶף לְבֵיתָ֑הּ וְ֝חֹ֗ק לְנַעֲרֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
And she arises while it is still night And gives food to her household And instructions to her maidservants. |
instructions ← a statute. |
| Prov 31:16 | זָמְמָ֣ה שָׂ֭דֶה וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ מִפְּרִ֥י כַ֝פֶּ֗יהָ *נטע **נָ֣טְעָה כָּֽרֶם׃ |
She considers a field And acquires it; By the fruitful work of her hands {K: A vineyard is planted} [Q: she plants a vineyard]. |
is planted (ketiv): we take it as niphal, as in Isa 40:24. |
| Prov 31:17 | חָֽגְרָ֣ה בְע֣וֹז מָתְנֶ֑יהָ וַ֝תְּאַמֵּ֗ץ זְרֹעוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ |
She girds her loins with strength And puts energy into her arms. |
|
| Prov 31:18 | טָ֭עֲמָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב סַחְרָ֑הּ לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה *בליל **בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ׃ |
She verifies that her merchandise is good, And her lamp does not go out at night. |
night: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
verifies ← tastes, discerns. |
| Prov 31:19 | יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ תָּ֣מְכוּ פָֽלֶךְ׃ |
She applies her arm to the distaff, And her hand holds the spindle. |
distaff: i.e. the rod on which wool is wound prior to spinning. AV differs, exchanging distaff and spindle. |
| Prov 31:20 | כַּ֭פָּהּ פָּרְשָׂ֣ה לֶעָנִ֑י וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ שִׁלְּחָ֥ה לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
Her hand distributes to the poor, And she extends her arms to the needy. |
|
| Prov 31:21 | לֹא־תִירָ֣א לְבֵיתָ֣הּ מִשָּׁ֑לֶג כִּ֥י כָל־בֵּ֝יתָ֗הּ לָבֻ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃ |
She does not fear snow in her house, For all her household are clothed in scarlet. |
scarlet: [CB]= double change of garments, from a root meaning two. In any case, warm clothes. |
| Prov 31:22 | מַרְבַדִּ֥ים עָֽשְׂתָה־לָּ֑הּ שֵׁ֖שׁ וְאַרְגָּמָ֣ן לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃ |
She makes herself drapery; Fine linen and purple are her attire. |
|
| Prov 31:23 | נוֹדָ֣ע בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים בַּעְלָ֑הּ בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Her husband is known at the gates When he sits with the elders of the land. |
|
| Prov 31:24 | סָדִ֣ין עָ֭שְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר נָתְנָ֥ה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ |
She makes linen and sells it, And she supplies the merchant with girdles. |
girdles ← a girdle. |
| Prov 31:25 | עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר לְבוּשָׁ֑הּ וַ֝תִּשְׂחַ֗ק לְי֣וֹם אַחֲרֽוֹן׃ |
Strength and dignity are her attire, And she will laugh on the last day. |
|
| Prov 31:26 | פִּ֭יהָ פָּתְחָ֣ה בְחָכְמָ֑ה וְתֽוֹרַת־חֶ֝֗סֶד עַל־לְשׁוֹנָֽהּ׃ |
She opens her mouth with wisdom, And the law of kindness is on her tongue. |
|
| Prov 31:27 | צ֭וֹפִיָּה הֲלִיכ֣וֹת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְלֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל׃ |
She watches the proceedings of her household closely, And she does not eat the bread of laziness. |
|
| Prov 31:28 | קָ֣מוּ בָ֭נֶיהָ וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֑וּהָ בַּ֝עְלָ֗הּ וַֽיְהַֽלְלָהּ׃ |
Her sons arise and call her blessed, As does her husband, And he praises her. |
blessed: we normally translate happy to distinguish from מְבֹרָךְ. |
| Prov 31:29 | רַבּ֣וֹת בָּ֭נוֹת עָ֣שׂוּ חָ֑יִל וְ֝אַ֗תְּ עָלִ֥ית עַל־כֻּלָּֽנָה׃ |
Many daughters have conducted themselves virtuously, But you have surpassed them all. |
conducted themselves virtuously ← done virtue. |
| Prov 31:30 | שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭חֵן וְהֶ֣בֶל הַיֹּ֑פִי אִשָּׁ֥ה יִרְאַת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תִתְהַלָּֽל׃ |
Elegance is a delusion, And beauty is a vain thing, But it is a woman who fears the Lord Who will be praised. |
delusion ← lie.
a woman who fears ... who: from the adjective יָרֵא. Alternatively, fear of ... which, from the noun יִרְאָה. |
| Prov 31:31 | תְּנוּ־לָ֭הּ מִפְּרִ֣י יָדֶ֑יהָ וִֽיהַלְל֖וּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִ֣ים מַעֲשֶֽׂיהָ׃ |
Give her the fruit of her hands, And may her deeds occasion her praise at the gates. |
|
| Job 1:1 | אִ֛ישׁ הָיָ֥ה בְאֶֽרֶץ־ע֖וּץ אִיּ֣וֹב שְׁמ֑וֹ וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֗וּא תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר וִירֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְסָ֥ר מֵרָֽע׃ | There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job. And that man was integrous and upright, who feared God and departed from evil. |
We have adopted some interpretation from [CB]'s metrical version in this book.
integrous: the cognate noun integrity (תֻּמָּה) occurs in Job 2:3. |
| Job 1:2 | וַיִּוָּ֥לְדוּ ל֛וֹ שִׁבְעָ֥ה בָנִ֖ים וְשָׁל֥וֹשׁ בָּנֽוֹת׃ | And there were born to him seven sons and three daughters. | |
| Job 1:3 | וַיְהִ֣י מִ֠קְנֵהוּ שִֽׁבְעַ֨ת אַלְפֵי־צֹ֜אן וּשְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֣י גְמַלִּ֗ים וַחֲמֵ֨שׁ מֵא֤וֹת צֶֽמֶד־בָּקָר֙ וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אֲתוֹנ֔וֹת וַעֲבֻדָּ֖ה רַבָּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיְהִי֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא גָּד֖וֹל מִכָּל־בְּנֵי־קֶֽדֶם׃ | And his possessions consisted of seven thousand sheep and three thousand camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she-asses, and he had a very great body of servants. And this man was greater than all other men of the east. |
possessions consisted of ← possession (or livestock) was.
yoke: i.e. pairs for ploughing. |
| Job 1:4 | וְהָלְכ֤וּ בָנָיו֙ וְעָשׂ֣וּ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה בֵּ֖ית אִ֣ישׁ יוֹמ֑וֹ וְשָׁלְח֗וּ וְקָרְאוּ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת *אחיתיהם **אַחְיֽוֹתֵיהֶ֔ם לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּ֖וֹת עִמָּהֶֽם׃ | And his sons organized a feast at home, each on his own day, and they sent messengers and invited their three sisters to come and eat and drink with them. |
sisters: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
organized ← went and made. |
| Job 1:5 | וַיְהִ֡י כִּ֣י הִקִּיפֽוּ֩ יְמֵ֨י הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֜ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אִיּ֣וֹב וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֗ם וְהִשְׁכִּ֣ים בַּבֹּקֶר֮ וְהֶעֱלָ֣ה עֹלוֹת֮ מִסְפַּ֣ר כֻּלָּם֒ כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר אִיּ֔וֹב אוּלַי֙ חָטְא֣וּ בָנַ֔י וּבֵרֲכ֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּלְבָבָ֑ם כָּ֛כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אִיּ֖וֹב כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ | And it came to pass, when the days of the feast came round, that Job sent instructions and sanctified them, and he rose early in the morning and offered burnt offerings according to the number of all of them, for Job said, “Perhaps my sons have sinned and {P: cursed} [M: blessed] God in their heart.” Job did this every day. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= וְקִלְלוּ. Here, AV reads the primitive text.
sanctified them: i.e. sanctified the invitees. this every day ← thus all the days. |
| Job 1:6 | וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל־יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּב֥וֹא גַֽם־הַשָּׂטָ֖ן בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ | Now the day came when the sons of God came to stand before the Lord, and Satan also came among them. |
the day came ← the day was, became, but also came.
sons of God: i.e. angels, as in Gen 6:2. Satan ← the Satan. For his identity, see Rev 12:9. |
| Job 1:7 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֖ן מֵאַ֣יִן תָּבֹ֑א וַיַּ֨עַן הַשָּׂטָ֤ן אֶת־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מִשּׁ֣וּט בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵֽהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ בָּֽהּ׃ | And the Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” And Satan answered the Lord and said, “From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down on it.” | |
| Job 1:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֔ן הֲשַׂ֥מְתָּ לִבְּךָ֖ עַל־עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּ֑וֹב כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר יְרֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְסָ֥ר מֵרָֽע׃ | And the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job, for there is no-one like him on the earth – an integrous and upright man fearing God and departing from evil.” | considered ← set your heart on. |
| Job 1:9 | וַיַּ֧עַן הַשָּׂטָ֛ן אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַֽחִנָּ֔ם יָרֵ֥א אִיּ֖וֹב אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Then Satan answered the Lord and said, “Is it for nothing that Job fears God? | |
| Job 1:10 | הֲלֹֽא־*את **אַ֠תָּה שַׂ֣כְתָּ בַעֲד֧וֹ וּבְעַד־בֵּית֛וֹ וּבְעַ֥ד כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מִסָּבִ֑יב מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ בֵּרַ֔כְתָּ וּמִקְנֵ֖הוּ פָּרַ֥ץ בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | Have you not hedged him in with his household, and everything he has, all around? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. |
you: the qeré is masculine. The ketiv could to be regarded as an apocopated equivalent to the qeré, or an Aramaism; as standard Hebrew, it is feminine.
increased ← broken out. |
| Job 1:11 | וְאוּלָם֙ שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֣א יָֽדְךָ֔ וְגַ֖ע בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ אִם־לֹ֥א עַל־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּ׃ | But now, just put out your hand and strike everything he has, and he will certainly {P: curse} [M: bless] you to your face.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= יְקַלְלֶךָּ. Here, AV reads the primitive text.
he will certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Job 1:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֗ן הִנֵּ֤ה כָל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ רַ֣ק אֵלָ֔יו אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֖ח יָדֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַשָּׂטָ֔ן מֵעִ֖ם פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the Lord said to Satan, “Behold, everything he has is in your hand, only do not put your hand out to him.” And Satan went out from the presence of the Lord. | |
| Job 1:13 | וַיְהִ֖י הַיּ֑וֹם וּבָנָ֨יו וּבְנֹתָ֤יו אֹֽכְלִים֙ וְשֹׁתִ֣ים יַ֔יִן בְּבֵ֖ית אֲחִיהֶ֥ם הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ | And the day came, while his sons and his daughters were eating and drinking wine at the house of their firstborn brother, | came ← was, became, but also came. |
| Job 1:14 | וּמַלְאָ֛ךְ בָּ֥א אֶל־אִיּ֖וֹב וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַבָּקָר֙ הָי֣וּ חֹֽרְשׁ֔וֹת וְהָאֲתֹנ֖וֹת רֹע֥וֹת עַל־יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ | when a messenger came to Job, who said, “The oxen were ploughing, and the she-asses were feeding next to them, | |
| Job 1:15 | וַתִּפֹּ֤ל שְׁבָא֙ וַתִּקָּחֵ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וָֽאִמָּ֨לְטָ֧ה רַק־אֲנִ֛י לְבַדִּ֖י לְהַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ | when the Sabaeans attacked them and took them and struck the servant-lads with the blade of the sword, and only I escaped to tell you.” |
attacked ← fell on.
servant-lads ← lads, but in effect, servants. only ← only ... on my own, a pleonasm which jars in English. |
| Job 1:16 | ע֣וֹד ׀ זֶ֣ה מְדַבֵּ֗ר וְזֶה֮ בָּ֣א וַיֹּאמַר֒ אֵ֣שׁ אֱלֹהִ֗ים נָֽפְלָה֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתִּבְעַ֥ר בַּצֹּ֛אן וּבַנְּעָרִ֖ים וַתֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וָאִמָּ֨לְטָ֧ה רַק־אֲנִ֛י לְבַדִּ֖י לְהַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ | While this man was still speaking, another came and said, “A very great fire fell from heaven and burned up the sheep and the servant-lads, and it consumed them, and only I escaped to tell you.” |
a very great fire: an idiom using Elohim, God, for an extreme quality. Compare Gen 23:6, Gen 30:8, Ex 9:28, Song 8:6, Jonah 3:3. In the NT similarly at Acts 7:20, 2 Cor 10:4, 2 Cor 11:2.
servant-lads: see Job 1:15. only: see Job 1:15. |
| Job 1:17 | ע֣וֹד ׀ זֶ֣ה מְדַבֵּ֗ר וְזֶה֮ בָּ֣א וַיֹּאמַר֒ כַּשְׂדִּ֞ים שָׂ֣מוּ ׀ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֗ים וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֤וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּים֙ וַיִּקָּח֔וּם וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וָאִמָּ֨לְטָ֧ה רַק־אֲנִ֛י לְבַדִּ֖י לְהַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ | While this man was still speaking, another came and said, “The Chaldeans formed three contingents, and they raided the camels and took them, and they struck the servant-lads with the blade of the sword, and only I escaped to tell you.” |
formed: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
servant-lads: see Job 1:15. only: see Job 1:15. |
| Job 1:18 | עַ֚ד זֶ֣ה מְדַבֵּ֔ר וְזֶ֖ה בָּ֣א וַיֹּאמַ֑ר בָּנֶ֨יךָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֤יךָ אֹֽכְלִים֙ וְשֹׁתִ֣ים יַ֔יִן בְּבֵ֖ית אֲחִיהֶ֥ם הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ | While this man was still speaking, another came and said, “Your sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in the house of their firstborn brother, | |
| Job 1:19 | וְהִנֵּה֩ ר֨וּחַ גְּדוֹלָ֜ה בָּ֣אָה ׀ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיִּגַּע֙ בְּאַרְבַּע֙ פִּנּ֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים וַיָּמ֑וּתוּ וָאִמָּ֨לְטָ֧ה רַק־אֲנִ֛י לְבַדִּ֖י לְהַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ | when a great wind came from across the desert and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the lads, and they died, and only I have escaped to tell you.” |
when ← and behold.
lads: as servant-lads in Job 1:15, 1:16, 1:17. We allow for some ambiguity as to whether Job's sons and daughter are to be included in the killing. Job's sons and ↴ only: see Job 1:15. |
| Job 1:20 | וַיָּ֤קָם אִיּוֹב֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־מְעִל֔וֹ וַיָּ֖גָז אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ | Then Job rose and tore his coat and shaved his head, and he fell to the ground and worshipped, | ↳ daughters (re-)appear in Job 42:13. See also Job 8:4 (suggests killed), Job 19:17 (suggests survival), and Job 31:8. Job 42:11 shows that Job's brothers and sisters survived. |
| Job 1:21 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ עָרֹ֨ם *יצתי **יָצָ֜אתִי מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמִּ֗י וְעָרֹם֙ אָשׁ֣וּב שָׁ֔מָה יְהוָ֣ה נָתַ֔ן וַיהוָ֖ה לָקָ֑ח יְהִ֛י שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מְבֹרָֽךְ׃ |
and he said,
“Naked I came out of my mother's womb, And naked I will return there. The Lord has given, And the Lord has taken; Blessed be the name of the Lord.” |
I came out: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular (perhaps colloquial) equivalent to the qeré.
there: standing for to the dust. Compare the verse to Eccl 5:14 (Eccl 5:15AV). |
| Job 1:22 | בְּכָל־זֹ֖את לֹא־חָטָ֣א אִיּ֑וֹב וְלֹא־נָתַ֥ן תִּפְלָ֖ה לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ פ | Despite all this, Job did not sin, and he did not charge God with foolishness. | charge God with foolishness ← give foolishness to God. AV differs (charge God foolishly), which is perhaps the idiomatic meaning. |
| Job 2:1 | וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל־יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּב֤וֹא גַֽם־הַשָּׂטָן֙ בְּתֹכָ֔ם לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל־יְהוָֽה׃ | And the day came when the sons of God came to stand before the Lord, and Satan came too among them to stand before the Lord. |
the day came: see Job 1:6.
sons of God: see Job 1:6. |
| Job 2:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֔ן אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה תָּבֹ֑א וַיַּ֨עַן הַשָּׂטָ֤ן אֶת־יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מִשֻּׁ֣ט בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ בָּֽהּ׃ | And the Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” And Satan answered the Lord and said, “From going to and fro on the earth and walking up and down on it.” | |
| Job 2:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֗ן הֲשַׂ֣מְתָּ לִבְּךָ֮ אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּוֹב֒ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין כָּמֹ֜הוּ בָּאָ֗רֶץ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר יְרֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְסָ֣ר מֵרָ֑ע וְעֹדֶ֙נּוּ֙ מַחֲזִ֣יק בְּתֻמָּת֔וֹ וַתְּסִיתֵ֥נִי ב֖וֹ לְבַלְּע֥וֹ חִנָּֽם׃ | Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job, for there is no-one like him on the earth, an integrous and upright man, fearing God and departing from evil, and still maintaining his integrity? But you have moved me against him, to swallow him up for no reason.” | considered: see Job 1:8. |
| Job 2:4 | וַיַּ֧עַן הַשָּׂטָ֛ן אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר ע֣וֹר בְּעַד־ע֗וֹר וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָאִ֔ישׁ יִתֵּ֖ן בְּעַ֥ד נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ | At this Satan answered the Lord and said, “Skin for skin, and everything a man has, he will give for his life. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
life ← soul. |
| Job 2:5 | אוּלָם֙ שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֣א יָֽדְךָ֔ וְגַ֥ע אֶל־עַצְמ֖וֹ וְאֶל־בְּשָׂר֑וֹ אִם־לֹ֥א אֶל־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּ׃ | But just put out your hand and strike his bones and his flesh, and he will certainly {P: curse} [M: bless] you to your face.” |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= יְקַלְלֶךָּ or יְקַלֶּלְךָ. Here, AV reads the primitive text.
he will certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Job 2:6 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־הַשָּׂטָ֖ן הִנּ֣וֹ בְיָדֶ֑ךָ אַ֖ךְ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֥וֹ שְׁמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord said to Satan, “Behold, he is in your hand, but guard his life.” | life ← soul. |
| Job 2:7 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַשָּׂטָ֔ן מֵאֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־אִיּוֹב֙ בִּשְׁחִ֣ין רָ֔ע מִכַּ֥ף רַגְל֖וֹ *עד **וְעַ֥ד קָדְקֳדֽוֹ׃ | And Satan went out from the presence of the Lord, and he struck Job with sore ulcers, from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head. | to: the qeré is literally and to, which is not applicable in English, but frequent in Hebrew after from. |
| Job 2:8 | וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֣וֹ חֶ֔רֶשׂ לְהִתְגָּרֵ֖ד בּ֑וֹ וְה֖וּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּתוֹךְ־הָאֵֽפֶר׃ | And Job took an earthenware shard with which to scrape himself, and he sat in ashes. | ashes ← the ashes. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Job 2:9 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ עֹדְךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֣יק בְּתֻמָּתֶ֑ךָ בָּרֵ֥ךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֻֽת׃ | And his wife said to him, “Do you still hold on to your integrity? {P: Curse} [M: Bless] God and die.” | An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= קַלֵּל. Here, AV reads the primitive text. |
| Job 2:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ כְּדַבֵּ֞ר אַחַ֤ת הַנְּבָלוֹת֙ תְּדַבֵּ֔רִי גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַטּ֗וֹב נְקַבֵּל֙ מֵאֵ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאֶת־הָרָ֖ע לֹ֣א נְקַבֵּ֑ל בְּכָל־זֹ֛את לֹא־חָטָ֥א אִיּ֖וֹב בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו׃ פ | And he said to her, “You are talking the way one of the irreverent women would. Shall we receive good from God, and not also receive evil?” Despite all this, Job did not sin with his lips. | the way one of the irreverent women would ← like the speaking of one of the irreverent (women). |
| Job 2:11 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת ׀ רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ הַבָּ֣אָה עָלָיו֒ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ אֱלִיפַ֤ז הַתֵּימָנִי֙ וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֔י וְצוֹפַ֖ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֥וֹא לָנֽוּד־ל֖וֹ וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ | Then when three of Job's friends heard of all this evil that had come upon him, they came, each one from his place: Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite. And they agreed together to go and console him and comfort him. | |
| Job 2:12 | וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֤ם מֵרָחוֹק֙ וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ וַֽיִּקְרְעוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְעִל֔וֹ וַיִּזְרְק֥וּ עָפָ֛ר עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃ | And they lifted up their eyes from a distance, and they did not recognize him, and they raised their voices and wept, and each one tore his coat, and they sprinkled dust on their heads, throwing it towards the sky. | |
| Job 2:13 | וַיֵּשְׁב֤וּ אִתּוֹ֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעַ֣ת לֵיל֑וֹת וְאֵין־דֹּבֵ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־גָדַ֥ל הַכְּאֵ֖ב מְאֹֽד׃ | And they sat with him on the ground for seven days and seven nights, and no-one said anything to him, for they saw that his grief was very great. | grief: or pain. |
| Job 3:1 | אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן פָּתַ֤ח אִיּוֹב֙ אֶת־פִּ֔יהוּ וַיְקַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־יוֹמֽוֹ׃ פ | After this, Job opened his mouth and cursed his day. | |
| Job 3:2 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | And Job began to speak and said, | began to speak ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Job 3:3 | יֹ֣אבַד י֭וֹם אִוָּ֣לֶד בּ֑וֹ וְהַלַּ֥יְלָה אָ֝מַ֗ר הֹ֣רָה גָֽבֶר׃ |
“May the day on which I was born perish, And the night when it was said, ‘A man has been fathered.’ |
it was said ← (one) said. In this case, perhaps said in heaven.
fathered ← conceived, but here apparently spoken at birth, so covering conception and birth. Compare the verse to Jer 20:14, Jer 20:15, Jer 20:18. |
| Job 3:4 | הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֗וּא יְֽהִ֫י חֹ֥שֶׁךְ אַֽל־יִדְרְשֵׁ֣הוּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְאַל־תּוֹפַ֖ע עָלָ֣יו נְהָרָֽה׃ |
May that day be darkness, May God not care for it above, And may no light shine on it. |
care for ← seek. |
| Job 3:5 | יִגְאָלֻ֡הוּ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְ֭צַלְמָוֶת תִּשְׁכָּן־עָלָ֣יו עֲנָנָ֑ה יְ֝בַעֲתֻ֗הוּ כִּֽמְרִ֥ירֵי יֽוֹם׃ |
May darkness and the shadow of death stain it, May a cloud rest on it; Let daytime darkenings overwhelm it. |
let daytime darkenings overwhelm it: taking the root as כִּמְרִיר, darkness; or, taking the root word as מְרִירִי, as in Deut 32:24, let them overwhelm it in accordance with the bitterness of (that) day. |
| Job 3:6 | הַלַּ֥יְלָה הַהוּא֮ יִקָּחֵ֪ה֫וּ אֹ֥פֶל אַל־יִ֭חַדְּ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר יְ֝רָחִ֗ים אַל־יָבֹֽא׃ |
May gloom take that night, May it not be included in the days of the year; May it not enter into the number of the months. |
be included: the parallelism in the verse militates for taking יִחַדְּ as qal future of יָחַד, be united. [AnLx] parses as qal future of חָדָה, rejoice. |
| Job 3:7 | הִנֵּ֤ה הַלַּ֣יְלָה הַ֭הוּא יְהִ֣י גַלְמ֑וּד אַל־תָּבֹ֖א רְנָנָ֣ה בֽוֹ׃ |
Behold, may that night be barren; May no rejoicing enter into it. |
|
| Job 3:8 | יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ אֹרְרֵי־י֑וֹם הָ֝עֲתִידִ֗ים עֹרֵ֥ר לִוְיָתָֽן׃ |
May those who curse a day denounce it – Those who are prepared to arouse Leviathan. |
Leviathan: AV differs (their mourning). See Job 40:25 (Job 41:1AV). |
| Job 3:9 | יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֪י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו־לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל־יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־שָֽׁחַר׃ |
May its twilight stars be darkened; May it wait for light and there not be any, And may it not see the aura of dawn. |
aura ← eyelids. |
| Job 3:10 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א סָ֭גַר דַּלְתֵ֣י בִטְנִ֑י וַיַּסְתֵּ֥ר עָ֝מָ֗ל מֵעֵינָֽי׃ |
For it did not shut the gates of my mother's womb, Nor did it hide sorrow from my eyes. |
nor: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6. |
| Job 3:11 | לָ֤מָּה לֹּ֣א מֵרֶ֣חֶם אָמ֑וּת מִבֶּ֖טֶן יָצָ֣אתִי וְאֶגְוָֽע׃ |
Why did I not die in the womb? Why did I not come out of the belly and expire? |
in the womb ← from (the time of) the womb. |
| Job 3:12 | מַ֭דּוּעַ קִדְּמ֣וּנִי בִרְכָּ֑יִם וּמַה־שָּׁ֝דַ֗יִם כִּ֣י אִינָֽק׃ |
Why did knees prepare for me? And why were there breasts for me to suck? |
knees: [CB], of the mother; but perhaps of the midwife.
prepare for ← precede; meet. |
| Job 3:13 | כִּֽי־עַ֭תָּה שָׁכַ֣בְתִּי וְאֶשְׁק֑וֹט יָ֝שַׁ֗נְתִּי אָ֤ז ׀ יָנ֬וּחַֽ לִֽי׃ |
For then I would now be lying down and be undisturbed; For then I would be asleep and at rest, |
|
| Job 3:14 | עִם־מְ֭לָכִים וְיֹ֣עֲצֵי אָ֑רֶץ הַבֹּנִ֖ים חֳרָב֣וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃ |
With kings and counsellors of the earth Who built monuments now ruins for themselves, |
|
| Job 3:15 | א֣וֹ עִם־שָׂ֭רִים זָהָ֣ב לָהֶ֑ם הַֽמְמַלְאִ֖ים בָּתֵּיהֶ֣ם כָּֽסֶף׃ |
Or with princes who had gold, Who filled their houses with silver, |
|
| Job 3:16 | א֤וֹ כְנֵ֣פֶל טָ֭מוּן לֹ֣א אֶהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֝עֹלְלִ֗ים לֹא־רָ֥אוּ אֽוֹר׃ |
Or as a miscarriage that needs to be buried, So that I would not now exist, Like infants who never saw light. |
buried: or hidden. |
| Job 3:17 | שָׁ֣ם רְ֭שָׁעִים חָ֣דְלוּ רֹ֑גֶז וְשָׁ֥ם יָ֝נ֗וּחוּ יְגִ֣יעֵי כֹֽחַ׃ |
There, the wicked cease raging, And there, those wearied by effort find rest, |
effort: strength. |
| Job 3:18 | יַ֭חַד אֲסִירִ֣ים שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ לֹ֥א שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ ק֣וֹל נֹגֵֽשׂ׃ |
Together with prisoners who are at ease; They do not hear the voice of the taskmaster. |
|
| Job 3:19 | קָטֹ֣ן וְ֭גָדוֹל שָׁ֣ם ה֑וּא וְ֝עֶ֗בֶד חָפְשִׁ֥י מֵאֲדֹנָֽיו׃ |
Whether small or great, there he is, And the servant, free from his master. |
master ← masters / lords, a plural of excellence. |
| Job 3:20 | לָ֤מָּה יִתֵּ֣ן לְעָמֵ֣ל א֑וֹר וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְמָ֣רֵי נָֽפֶשׁ׃ |
Why does he give light to the wretched, And life to those who are melancholic? |
melancholic ← bitter of soul. |
| Job 3:21 | הַֽמְחַכִּ֣ים לַמָּ֣וֶת וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּ וַֽ֝יַּחְפְּרֻ֗הוּ מִמַּטְמוֹנִֽים׃ |
– Who are waiting for death But it does not come? – Who search for it more earnestly than for hidden treasures? |
who ← they.
search: the word primarily means dig. |
| Job 3:22 | הַשְּׂמֵחִ֥ים אֱלֵי־גִ֑יל יָ֝שִׂ֗ישׂוּ כִּ֣י יִמְצְאוּ־קָֽבֶר׃ |
– Who are happy, exultant even, As they rejoice when they find the grave? |
exultant even ← to (the extent of) exultation. |
| Job 3:23 | לְ֭גֶבֶר אֲשֶׁר־דַּרְכּ֣וֹ נִסְתָּ֑רָה וַיָּ֖סֶךְ אֱל֣וֹהַּ בַּעֲדֽוֹ׃ |
Why does he give light to a man whose way is hidden, Around whom God has put a hedge? |
|
| Job 3:24 | כִּֽי־לִפְנֵ֣י לַ֭חְמִי אַנְחָתִ֣י תָבֹ֑א וַֽיִּתְּכ֥וּ כַ֝מַּ֗יִם שַׁאֲגֹתָֽי׃ |
For my sighing comes to the forefront more than my bread, And my groaning is uttered voluminously. |
groaning: or roaring.
uttered voluminously ← poured out like water, a metaphor that is less successful in English. |
| Job 3:25 | כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד פָּ֭חַדְתִּי וַיֶּאֱתָיֵ֑נִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָ֝גֹ֗רְתִּי יָ֣בֹא לִֽי׃ |
For the thing which I greatly feared has befallen me, And that which I was afraid of has come upon me. |
|
| Job 3:26 | לֹ֤א שָׁלַ֨וְתִּי ׀ וְלֹ֖א שָׁקַ֥טְתִּי וְֽלֹא־נָ֗חְתִּי וַיָּ֥בֹא רֹֽגֶז׃ פ |
I am not in comfort And not in quietude And not at rest, For trouble has come.” |
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Job 4:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן אֱלִיפַ֥ז הַֽתֵּימָנִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, | |
| Job 4:2 | הֲנִסָּ֬ה דָבָ֣ר אֵלֶ֣יךָ תִּלְאֶ֑ה וַעְצֹ֥ר בְּ֝מִלִּ֗ין מִ֣י יוּכָֽל׃ |
“If we offer you some words, Will you take offence? For to withhold words – Who can do it? |
we offer ← one attempts.
take offence ← be impatient / weary. words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 4:3 | הִ֭נֵּה יִסַּ֣רְתָּ רַבִּ֑ים וְיָדַ֖יִם רָפ֣וֹת תְּחַזֵּֽק׃ |
Look, you have instructed many And strengthened weak hands. |
and strengthened weak hands: (with the next verse) compare Isa 35:3. |
| Job 4:4 | כּ֭וֹשֵׁל יְקִימ֣וּן מִלֶּ֑יךָ וּבִרְכַּ֖יִם כֹּרְע֣וֹת תְּאַמֵּֽץ׃ |
Your words have lifted up him who was stumbling, And you have strengthened failing knees. |
and you have strengthened failing knees: (with the previous verse) compare Isa 35:3.
failing ← sinking. |
| Job 4:5 | כִּ֤י עַתָּ֨ה ׀ תָּב֣וֹא אֵלֶ֣יךָ וַתֵּ֑לֶא תִּגַּ֥ע עָ֝דֶ֗יךָ וַתִּבָּהֵֽל׃ |
But now it has come upon you, And you take offence; It has touched you, And you are agitated. |
touched you ← touched up to you. |
| Job 4:6 | הֲלֹ֣א יִ֭רְאָתְךָ כִּסְלָתֶ֑ךָ תִּ֝קְוָתְךָ֗ וְתֹ֣ם דְּרָכֶֽיךָ׃ |
Is not your godly fear your confidence? And is not the integrity of your ways your hope? |
|
| Job 4:7 | זְכָר־נָ֗א מִ֤י ה֣וּא נָקִ֣י אָבָ֑ד וְ֝אֵיפֹ֗ה יְשָׁרִ֥ים נִכְחָֽדוּ׃ |
Remember, please, who being innocent ever perished? And where were the innocent ever annihilated? |
|
| Job 4:8 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתִי חֹ֣רְשֵׁי אָ֑וֶן וְזֹרְעֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל יִקְצְרֻֽהוּ׃ |
According to what I have seen, Those who plough falsehood and sow iniquity Reap it again. |
Compare the verse with Hos 10:13. |
| Job 4:9 | מִנִּשְׁמַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ וּמֵר֖וּחַ אַפּ֣וֹ יִכְלֽוּ׃ |
By the breath of God they perish, And by the blast of his nostrils they are destroyed. |
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. |
| Job 4:10 | שַׁאֲגַ֣ת אַ֭רְיֵה וְק֣וֹל שָׁ֑חַל וְשִׁנֵּ֖י כְפִירִ֣ים נִתָּֽעוּ׃ |
The roaring of the lion And the sound of the fierce lion And the teeth of the young lions Are knocked out. |
|
| Job 4:11 | לַ֭יִשׁ אֹבֵ֣ד מִבְּלִי־טָ֑רֶף וּבְנֵ֥י לָ֝בִ֗יא יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃ |
The old lion perishes for want of prey, And the whelps of the strong lion are scattered. |
|
| Job 4:12 | וְ֭אֵלַי דָּבָ֣ר יְגֻנָּ֑ב וַתִּקַּ֥ח אָ֝זְנִ֗י שֵׁ֣מֶץ מֶֽנְהֽוּ׃ |
And a word has come furtively to me, And my ear has picked up a whisper of it, |
picked up ← received. |
| Job 4:13 | בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת לָ֑יְלָה בִּנְפֹ֥ל תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה עַל־אֲנָשִֽׁים׃ |
In the thoughts from the visions of the night, When slumber falls on men. |
|
| Job 4:14 | פַּ֣חַד קְ֭רָאַנִי וּרְעָדָ֑ה וְרֹ֖ב עַצְמוֹתַ֣י הִפְחִֽיד׃ |
Dread came upon me, and trembling, And filled the bulk of my bones with foreboding. |
dread ... foreboding ← dread ... dread. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Job 4:15 | וְ֭רוּחַ עַל־פָּנַ֣י יַחֲלֹ֑ף תְּ֝סַמֵּ֗ר שַֽׂעֲרַ֥ת בְּשָׂרִֽי׃ |
And a spirit passed by my face, And the hair on my flesh bristled up. |
spirit: or wind.
passed by: or rushed upon, assailed. |
| Job 4:16 | יַעֲמֹ֤ד ׀ וְֽלֹא־אַכִּ֬יר מַרְאֵ֗הוּ תְּ֭מוּנָה לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י דְּמָמָ֖ה וָק֣וֹל אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ |
It stood still, But I could not recognize its appearance; It was an image before my eyes. There was silence, Then I heard a voice, which said, |
|
| Job 4:17 | הַֽ֭אֱנוֹשׁ מֵאֱל֣וֹהַ יִצְדָּ֑ק אִ֥ם מֵ֝עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ יִטְהַר־גָּֽבֶר׃ |
‘Can man be more righteous than God? Or can a man be more pure than his maker?’ |
|
| Job 4:18 | הֵ֣ן בַּ֭עֲבָדָיו לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֑ין וּ֝בְמַלְאָכָ֗יו יָשִׂ֥ים תָּהֳלָֽה׃ |
Behold, he does not put trust in his servants, And he charges his angels with folly. |
|
| Job 4:19 | אַ֤ף ׀ שֹׁכְנֵ֬י בָֽתֵּי־חֹ֗מֶר אֲשֶׁר־בֶּעָפָ֥ר יְסוֹדָ֑ם יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם לִפְנֵי־עָֽשׁ׃ |
How much less does he trust dwellers in houses of mortar, Whose foundation is in the dust? They could be crushed more easily than a moth. |
they could be crushed ← they (could) crush them. Avoidance of the passive.
more easily than ← before (here, in terms of easiness). |
| Job 4:20 | מִבֹּ֣קֶר לָעֶ֣רֶב יֻכַּ֑תּוּ מִבְּלִ֥י מֵ֝שִׂ֗ים לָנֶ֥צַח יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
From morning to evening they could be pounded Without anyone ever caring That they had perished. |
ever: MT AV link this word differently (perish for ever). So AV differs.
caring ← setting, i.e. paying (attention). |
| Job 4:21 | הֲלֹא־נִסַּ֣ע יִתְרָ֣ם בָּ֑ם יָ֝מ֗וּתוּ וְלֹ֣א בְחָכְמָֽה׃ |
Would their illustriousness not be removed? They would die, And not in wisdom. |
their illustriousness ← their illustriousness in them. |
| Job 5:1 | קְֽרָא־נָ֭א הֲיֵ֣שׁ עוֹנֶ֑ךָּ וְאֶל־מִ֖י מִקְּדֹשִׁ֣ים תִּפְנֶֽה׃ |
Call now and see if there is anyone who answers you. And to which of the holy ones will you turn? |
|
| Job 5:2 | כִּֽי־לֶֽ֭אֱוִיל יַהֲרָג־כָּ֑עַשׂ וּ֝פֹתֶ֗ה תָּמִ֥ית קִנְאָֽה׃ |
For wrath kills the foolish man, And jealousy causes the simple-minded man to die. |
causes ... to die: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Job 5:3 | אֲֽנִי־רָ֭אִיתִי אֱוִ֣יל מַשְׁרִ֑ישׁ וָאֶקּ֖וֹב נָוֵ֣הוּ פִתְאֹֽם׃ |
I have seen the foolish taking root, But I suddenly realized how his home would be. |
realized ← pierced or marked (as [YLT]), from root נָקַב. Compare English cracked (a code). AV differs (cursed), from root קָבַב. |
| Job 5:4 | יִרְחֲק֣וּ בָנָ֣יו מִיֶּ֑שַׁע וְיִֽדַּכְּא֥וּ בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּֽיל׃ |
His sons are far from salvation And are crushed at the gate, And there is no-one to deliver them, |
are crushed: hithpael for passive; compare Jer 4:2, Ezra 1:6, Ps 119:52. |
| Job 5:5 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר קְצִיר֨וֹ ׀ רָ֘עֵ֤ב יֹאכֵ֗ל וְאֶֽל־מִצִּנִּ֥ים יִקָּחֵ֑הוּ וְשָׁאַ֖ף צַמִּ֣ים חֵילָֽם׃ |
Whose harvest the hungry will eat, Which they will take from among the thorns, As destruction swallows up their wealth. |
thorns: as [AnLx], and [BDB] where marked as dubious. [AnLx] cites an Arabic cognate root to lay up, suggesting here granaries. |
| Job 5:6 | כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־יֵצֵ֣א מֵעָפָ֣ר אָ֑וֶן וּ֝מֵאֲדָמָ֗ה לֹא־יִצְמַ֥ח עָמָֽל׃ |
Although sorrow does not come out of the soil, And wretchedness does not sprout from the ground, |
soil ← dust.
wretchedness: a cognate word occurs in Job 3:20. |
| Job 5:7 | כִּֽי־אָ֭דָם לְעָמָ֣ל יוּלָּ֑ד וּבְנֵי־רֶ֝֗שֶׁף יַגְבִּ֥יהוּ עֽוּף׃ |
Yet man is born to face toil, As surely as sparks fly upward. |
fly upward ← make height to fly. |
| Job 5:8 | אוּלָ֗ם אֲ֭נִי אֶדְרֹ֣שׁ אֶל־אֵ֑ל וְאֶל־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים אָשִׂ֥ים דִּבְרָתִֽי׃ |
But I would seek God, And with God I would set out my case. |
with God ← to God. |
| Job 5:9 | עֹשֶׂ֣ה גְ֭דֹלוֹת וְאֵ֣ין חֵ֑קֶר נִ֝פְלָא֗וֹת עַד־אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
He performs great deeds Of which there is no searching out – Wonders of which there is no limit. |
wonders of which there is ← wonders up to. |
| Job 5:10 | הַנֹּתֵ֣ן מָ֭טָר עַל־פְּנֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְשֹׁ֥לֵֽחַ מַ֝יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י חוּצֽוֹת׃ |
He provides rain on the surface of the earth, And he sends water onto the surface of the open places. |
provides ← gives. |
| Job 5:11 | לָשׂ֣וּם שְׁפָלִ֣ים לְמָר֑וֹם וְ֝קֹדְרִ֗ים שָׂ֣גְבוּ יֶֽשַׁע׃ |
He sets the lowly on high, So that those who mourn are exalted in salvation, |
he sets ← to set. |
| Job 5:12 | מֵ֭פֵר מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת עֲרוּמִ֑ים וְֽלֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ינָה יְ֝דֵיהֶ֗ם תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃ |
Frustrating the thoughts of the crafty, So that their hands cannot perform with competence, |
|
| Job 5:13 | לֹכֵ֣ד חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעָרְמָ֑ם וַעֲצַ֖ת נִפְתָּלִ֣ים נִמְהָֽרָה׃ |
Taking the wise in their own cunning, So that the counsel of the deceitful is forestalled. |
1 Cor 3:19.
forestalled ← hastened, i.e., here, outrun. |
| Job 5:14 | יוֹמָ֥ם יְפַגְּשׁוּ־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וְ֝כַלַּ֗יְלָה יְֽמַשְׁשׁ֥וּ בַֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ |
By day they meet with darkness, And as at night, so they grope at noon. |
Compare the verse with Isa 59:10. |
| Job 5:15 | וַיֹּ֣שַׁע מֵ֭חֶרֶב מִפִּיהֶ֑ם וּמִיַּ֖ד חָזָ֣ק אֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
But he saves the poor from the sword – From their blade – And from the hand of the strong, |
their: a change of grammatical number (not uncommon in Hebrew).
blade: AV differs (mouth), which is also possible. |
| Job 5:16 | וַתְּהִ֣י לַדַּ֣ל תִּקְוָ֑ה וְ֝עֹלָ֗תָה קָ֣פְצָה פִּֽיהָ׃ |
So that the lowly have hope, And injustice shuts its mouth. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Job 5:17 | הִנֵּ֤ה אַשְׁרֵ֣י אֱ֭נוֹשׁ יוֹכִחֶ֣נּֽוּ אֱל֑וֹהַּ וּמוּסַ֥ר שַׁ֝דַּ֗י אַל־תִּמְאָֽס׃ |
Behold, blessed is the man whom God reproves, So do not reject the correction of the Almighty, |
do not reject the correction of the Almighty: compare Prov 3:11. |
| Job 5:18 | כִּ֤י ה֣וּא יַכְאִ֣יב וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ יִ֝מְחַ֗ץ *וידו **וְיָדָ֥יו תִּרְפֶּֽינָה׃ |
For he causes pain, But he binds up again; He bruises, But his hands heal again. |
his hands: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré; otherwise, it reads his hand, discordantly with the verb.
bruises: or dashes to pieces. Compare the verse with Deut 32:39. |
| Job 5:19 | בְּשֵׁ֣שׁ צָ֭רוֹת יַצִּילֶ֑ךָּ וּבְשֶׁ֓בַע ׀ לֹא־יִגַּ֖ע בְּךָ֣ רָֽע׃ |
He will deliver you from six adversities, And in seven no harm will touch you. |
from six adversities ← in six adversities. |
| Job 5:20 | בְּ֭רָעָב פָּֽדְךָ֣ מִמָּ֑וֶת וּ֝בְמִלְחָמָ֗ה מִ֣ידֵי חָֽרֶב׃ |
In famine he will save you from death, And in war, from the power of the sword. |
power ← hand. |
| Job 5:21 | בְּשׁ֣וֹט לָ֭שׁוֹן תֵּחָבֵ֑א וְֽלֹא־תִירָ֥א מִ֝שֹּׁ֗ד כִּ֣י יָבֽוֹא׃ |
You will be hidden from the scourge of slander, And you will not fear devastation If it comes. |
slander ← the tongue. |
| Job 5:22 | לְשֹׁ֣ד וּלְכָפָ֣ן תִּשְׂחָ֑ק וּֽמֵחַיַּ֥ת הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ אַל־תִּירָֽא׃ |
You will laugh at devastation and starvation, And you will not be afraid of the beasts of the earth. |
|
| Job 5:23 | כִּ֤י עִם־אַבְנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֣ה בְרִיתֶ֑ךָ וְחַיַּ֥ת הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה הָשְׁלְמָה־לָֽךְ׃ |
For you will have a covenant with the stones of the field, And the wild beasts will be at peace with you. |
|
| Job 5:24 | וְֽ֭יָדַעְתָּ כִּי־שָׁל֣וֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ וּֽפָקַדְתָּ֥ נָ֝וְךָ וְלֹ֣א תֶחֱטָֽא׃ |
And you will know that your tent is at peace, And when you check your tent, You will not miss anything. |
miss: the same word as sin. Compare Judg 20:16 miss (a mark). AV differs (sin), which here does not fit the context. |
| Job 5:25 | וְֽ֭יָדַעְתָּ כִּי־רַ֣ב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וְ֝צֶאֱצָאֶ֗יךָ כְּעֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
And you will know that your seed is many, And your offspring is as the grass of the earth. |
|
| Job 5:26 | תָּב֣וֹא בְכֶ֣לַח אֱלֵי־קָ֑בֶר כַּעֲל֖וֹת גָּדִ֣ישׁ בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃ |
You will go to the grave in ripe old age, Like the gathering in of a stack of corn in its season. |
gathering in ← bringing up. |
| Job 5:27 | הִנֵּה־זֹ֭את חֲקַרְנ֥וּהָ כֶּֽן־הִ֑יא שְׁ֝מָעֶ֗נָּה וְאַתָּ֥ה דַֽע־לָֽךְ׃ פ |
Behold this account; We have searched it out – It is so. Hear it and know it, For your own sake.” |
|
| Job 6:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 6:2 | ל֗וּ שָׁק֣וֹל יִשָּׁקֵ֣ל כַּעְשִׂ֑י *והיתי **וְ֝הַוָּתִ֗י בְּֽמֹאזְנַ֥יִם יִשְׂאוּ־יָֽחַד׃ |
“If only my grief were thoroughly weighed And my hardship were laid in the scales together with it. |
hardship: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré. A yod / vav issue.
thoroughly weighed: infinitive absolute. were laid ← they laid. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Job 6:3 | כִּֽי־עַתָּ֗ה מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֣ים יִכְבָּ֑ד עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן דְּבָרַ֥י לָֽעוּ׃ |
For now it is heavier than the sand of the sea, Which is why my words are wild. |
wild: or rash. |
| Job 6:4 | כִּ֤י חִצֵּ֪י שַׁדַּ֡י עִמָּדִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲ֭מָתָם שֹׁתָ֣ה רוּחִ֑י בִּעוּתֵ֖י אֱל֣וֹהַּ יַֽעַרְכֽוּנִי׃ |
For the Almighty's arrows are in me – My spirit has to drink their payload; The terrors of God are arrayed against me. |
in me ← with me.
payload ← fury or anger. |
| Job 6:5 | הֲיִֽנְהַק־פֶּ֥רֶא עֲלֵי־דֶ֑שֶׁא אִ֥ם יִגְעֶה־שּׁ֝֗וֹר עַל־בְּלִילֽוֹ׃ |
Does the wild ass bray over grass, Or does the ox low over its fodder? |
|
| Job 6:6 | הֲיֵאָכֵ֣ל תָּ֭פֵל מִבְּלִי־מֶ֑לַח אִם־יֶשׁ־טַ֝֗עַם בְּרִ֣יר חַלָּמֽוּת׃ |
Is bland food eaten without salt, Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? |
|
| Job 6:7 | מֵאֲנָ֣ה לִנְגּ֣וֹעַ נַפְשִׁ֑י הֵ֝֗מָּה כִּדְוֵ֥י לַחְמִֽי׃ |
I have no appetite for such things; They are my uninviting food. |
I have no appetite for ← my soul refuses to touch.
they are my uninviting food ← they (are) as the sicknesses of my bread. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Job 6:8 | מִֽי־יִ֭תֵּן תָּב֣וֹא שֶֽׁאֱלָתִ֑י וְ֝תִקְוָתִ֗י יִתֵּ֥ן אֱלֽוֹהַּ׃ |
If only my request might be considered, And that God would grant my wish. |
if only ← who will give.
be considered ← come, i.e. before God. wish ← hope, expectation. |
| Job 6:9 | וְיֹאֵ֣ל אֱ֭לוֹהַּ וִֽידַכְּאֵ֑נִי יַתֵּ֥ר יָ֝ד֗וֹ וִֽיבַצְּעֵֽנִי׃ |
If God were to be pleased to crush me, To loosen his grip And to cut me off, |
if: conditional use of the vav.
grip ← hand. |
| Job 6:10 | וּ֥תְהִי ע֨וֹד ׀ נֶ֘חָ֤מָתִ֗י וַאֲסַלְּדָ֣ה בְ֭חִילָה לֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל כִּי־לֹ֥א כִ֝חַ֗דְתִּי אִמְרֵ֥י קָדֽוֹשׁ׃ |
It would nevertheless be comfort to me, And I would endure in writhing, Which he would not spare, For I have not concealed the holy one's words. |
endure: see [AnLx] for alternatives. |
| Job 6:11 | מַה־כֹּחִ֥י כִֽי־אֲיַחֵ֑ל וּמַה־קִּ֝צִּ֗י כִּֽי־אַאֲרִ֥יךְ נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
What strength do I have, That I should have hope? And what is my final condition, That I should prolong my life? |
life ← soul. |
| Job 6:12 | אִם־כֹּ֣חַ אֲבָנִ֣ים כֹּחִ֑י אִֽם־בְּשָׂרִ֥י נָחֽוּשׁ׃ |
Is my strength the strength of stones? Is my flesh brazen? |
brazen: in this context, as hard as copper / bronze. |
| Job 6:13 | הַאִ֬ם אֵ֣ין עֶזְרָתִ֣י בִ֑י וְ֝תֻשִׁיָּ֗ה נִדְּחָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Is it not the case that I have no help in my own resources? – And that competence has been driven away from me? |
|
| Job 6:14 | לַמָּ֣ס מֵרֵעֵ֣הוּ חָ֑סֶד וְיִרְאַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲזֽוֹב׃ |
To him who is in low spirits, Kindness is due from his friend, Even if he has abandoned fear of the Almighty. |
if: conditional use of the vav.
he has abandoned: perhaps referring to the friend. |
| Job 6:15 | אַ֭חַי בָּגְד֣וּ כְמוֹ־נָ֑חַל כַּאֲפִ֖יק נְחָלִ֣ים יַעֲבֹֽרוּ׃ |
But my brothers have acted treacherously Like a torrent, Then like torrent tributaries, They vanished. |
torrent tributaries ← a channel of torrents. |
| Job 6:16 | הַקֹּדְרִ֥ים מִנִּי־קָ֑רַח עָ֝לֵ֗ימוֹ יִתְעַלֶּם־שָֽׁלֶג׃ |
They are inhospitable, because of ice, And in them snow is hidden. |
inhospitable: AV differs (blackish); [AnLx]= turbid. NH= bleak, gloomy. |
| Job 6:17 | בְּ֭עֵת יְזֹרְב֣וּ נִצְמָ֑תוּ בְּ֝חֻמּ֗וֹ נִדְעֲכ֥וּ מִמְּקוֹמָֽם׃ |
When they are exposed to scorching conditions, They vanish; In the heat, They dry up on the spot. |
on the spot ← from their place. |
| Job 6:18 | יִ֭לָּ֣פְתוּ אָרְח֣וֹת דַּרְכָּ֑ם יַעֲל֖וּ בַתֹּ֣הוּ וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ |
Their course is brought to a standstill; They evaporate and are lost. |
their course ← the paths of their way.
is brought to a standstill: the sense of seizure fits all occurrences (here, Judg 16:29 and Ruth 3:8), supported by LXX and Vulgate, but not [AnLx], [BDB]. evaporate ← go up into a void / desolation. |
| Job 6:19 | הִ֭בִּיטוּ אָרְח֣וֹת תֵּמָ֑א הֲלִיכֹ֥ת שְׁ֝בָ֗א קִוּוּ־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
The travelling companies of Tema looked on; The caravans of Sheba put hope in them, |
|
| Job 6:20 | בֹּ֥שׁוּ כִּֽי־בָטָ֑ח בָּ֥אוּ עָ֝דֶ֗יהָ וַיֶּחְפָּֽרוּ׃ |
But they were put to shame For where each put his trust. They arrived there And were confounded. |
arrived there ← came to it (feminine); the feminine pronoun is generalizing. |
| Job 6:21 | כִּֽי־עַ֭תָּה הֱיִ֣יתֶם *לא **ל֑וֹ תִּֽרְא֥וּ חֲ֝תַ֗ת וַתִּירָֽאוּ׃ |
For now you {K: are no comfort;} [Q: have become his;] You see a terrible thing And are afraid. |
|
| Job 6:22 | הֲֽכִי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי הָ֣בוּ לִ֑י וּ֝מִכֹּחֲכֶ֗ם שִׁחֲד֥וּ בַעֲדִֽי׃ |
Did I say, ‘Give me support’? Or, ‘Offer me some of your wealth’? |
|
| Job 6:23 | וּמַלְּט֥וּנִי מִיַּד־צָ֑ר וּמִיַּ֖ד עָרִיצִ֣ים תִּפְדּֽוּנִי׃ |
Or, ‘Deliver me from the clutches of adversity’? Or, ‘Redeem me from the grip of fierce men’? |
clutches ... grip ← hand ... hand. |
| Job 6:24 | ה֭וֹרוּנִי וַאֲנִ֣י אַחֲרִ֑ישׁ וּמַה־שָּׁ֝גִ֗יתִי הָבִ֥ינוּ לִֽי׃ |
Teach me, And I will be silent, And cause me to understand In what way I have erred. |
|
| Job 6:25 | מַה־נִּמְרְצ֥וּ אִמְרֵי־יֹ֑שֶׁר וּמַה־יּוֹכִ֖יחַ הוֹכֵ֣חַ מִכֶּֽם׃ |
How forcible words of uprightness are, And how strongly reproving your reproof is! |
forcible: [AnLx]= weak, with a note on the alternative.
strongly reproving ... is ← strongly it reproves, with an infinitive absolute. |
| Job 6:26 | הַלְהוֹכַ֣ח מִלִּ֣ים תַּחְשֹׁ֑בוּ וּ֝לְר֗וּחַ אִמְרֵ֥י נֹאָֽשׁ׃ |
Do you think you have reproved my words? Or scattered to the wind the words of one in despair? |
|
| Job 6:27 | אַף־עַל־יָת֥וֹם תַּפִּ֑ילוּ וְ֝תִכְר֗וּ עַל־רֵֽיעֲכֶֽם׃ |
Indeed, you cast down orphans And undermine your neighbour. |
|
| Job 6:28 | וְ֭עַתָּה הוֹאִ֣ילוּ פְנוּ־בִ֑י וְעַל־פְּ֝נֵיכֶ֗ם אִם־אֲכַזֵּֽב׃ |
So now, be willing to turn to me, And it will be evident to you If I lie. |
evident to you ← on your faces. |
| Job 6:29 | שֻֽׁבוּ־נָ֭א אַל־תְּהִ֣י עַוְלָ֑ה *ושבי **וְשׁ֥וּבוּ ע֝וֹד צִדְקִי־בָֽהּ׃ |
Reconsider, I pray, Let there be no more injustice. And reconsider also Whether I am right about this. |
reconsider (2x): or, more strongly, repent. The ketiv is feminine singular; the qeré masculine plural. A yod / vav issue. |
| Job 6:30 | הֲיֵשׁ־בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֥י עַוְלָ֑ה אִם־חִ֝כִּ֗י לֹא־יָבִ֥ין הַוּֽוֹת׃ |
Is there any injustice in my tongue? Can my palate not discern perverse things?” |
|
| Job 7:1 | הֲלֹא־צָבָ֣א לֶאֱנ֣וֹשׁ *על־**עֲלֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְכִימֵ֖י שָׂכִ֣יר יָמָֽיו׃ |
“Does man not have warfare here on earth? And are not his days like the days of a hired labourer? |
on: the qeré is a poetic form of the ketiv.
Various verses (Job 7:8, Job 7:14, Job 7:17 etc.) suggest that Job is now speaking to God. warfare: AV differs (appointed time). |
| Job 7:2 | כְּעֶ֥בֶד יִשְׁאַף־צֵ֑ל וּ֝כְשָׂכִ֗יר יְקַוֶּ֥ה פָעֳלֽוֹ׃ |
As a servant pants for shade, And as a hired labourer awaits the wages of his work, |
|
| Job 7:3 | כֵּ֤ן הָנְחַ֣לְתִּי לִ֭י יַרְחֵי־שָׁ֑וְא וְלֵיל֥וֹת עָ֝מָ֗ל מִנּוּ־לִֽי׃ |
So I am made to endure months of calamity, And nights of sorrow are appointed to me. |
are appointed ← they have appointed. Avoidance of the passive, or re-point as pual (מֻנּוּ).
made to endure ← made to inherit. |
| Job 7:4 | אִם־שָׁכַ֗בְתִּי וְאָמַ֗רְתִּי מָתַ֣י אָ֭קוּם וּמִדַּד־עָ֑רֶב וְשָׂבַ֖עְתִּי נְדֻדִ֣ים עֲדֵי־נָֽשֶׁף׃ |
Whenever I lie down, I say, ‘When will it be time for me to get up, And the night be over?’ For I am full of restlessness Until the morning twilight. |
the night be over ← fleeing of the evening, where evening can apply to morning twilight. |
| Job 7:5 | לָ֘בַ֤שׁ בְּשָׂרִ֣י רִ֭מָּה *וגיש **וְג֣וּשׁ עָפָ֑ר עוֹרִ֥י רָ֝גַ֗ע וַיִּמָּאֵֽס׃ |
My flesh is clothed in worms and clods of earth; My skin breaks up and wastes away. |
clods ← a clod. The ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. A yod / vav issue.
earth ← dust. |
| Job 7:6 | יָמַ֣י קַ֭לּוּ מִנִּי־אָ֑רֶג וַ֝יִּכְל֗וּ בְּאֶ֣פֶס תִּקְוָֽה׃ |
My days pass more swiftly than a weaver's shuttle, And they are spent without any hope. |
|
| Job 7:7 | זְ֭כֹר כִּי־ר֣וּחַ חַיָּ֑י לֹא־תָשׁ֥וּב עֵ֝ינִ֗י לִרְא֥וֹת טֽוֹב׃ |
Remember that my life is but wind; My eye shall not see goodness again. |
|
| Job 7:8 | לֹֽא־תְ֭שׁוּרֵנִי עֵ֣ין רֹ֑אִי עֵינֶ֖יךָ בִּ֣י וְאֵינֶֽנִּי׃ |
The eye of him who sees me will behold me no more, But your eyes will be on me, Though I will be no more. |
your: AV, [CB] capitalize (Thine); we agree with the reference to God, but we do not capitalize pronouns. See our Introduction. |
| Job 7:9 | כָּלָ֣ה עָ֭נָן וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ כֵּ֥ן יוֹרֵ֥ד שְׁ֝א֗וֹל לֹ֣א יַעֲלֶֽה׃ |
As the cloud dissipates and vanishes, So he who goes down to the grave Does not ascend again. |
dissipates ← is consumed.
vanishes ← goes. |
| Job 7:10 | לֹא־יָשׁ֣וּב ע֣וֹד לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹא־יַכִּירֶ֖נּוּ ע֣וֹד מְקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
He does not return again to his house, And his home place will not welcome him again. |
welcome ← recognize, care for. |
| Job 7:11 | גַּם־אֲנִי֮ לֹ֤א אֶחֱשָׂ֫ךְ פִּ֥י אֲֽ֭דַבְּרָה בְּצַ֣ר רוּחִ֑י אָ֝שִׂ֗יחָה בְּמַ֣ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
But I too will not hold back my mouth, I will speak in the distress of my spirit; I will lament in the bitterness of my feelings. |
feelings ← soul. |
| Job 7:12 | הֲֽיָם־אָ֭נִי אִם־תַּנִּ֑ין כִּֽי־תָשִׂ֖ים עָלַ֣י מִשְׁמָֽר׃ |
Am I the sea, or a sea-monster, So that you should set a watch over me? |
|
| Job 7:13 | כִּֽי־אָ֭מַרְתִּי תְּנַחֲמֵ֣נִי עַרְשִׂ֑י יִשָּׂ֥א בְ֝שִׂיחִ֗י מִשְׁכָּבִֽי׃ |
For I have said, ‘My bed will comfort me; My couch will ease my complaint’, |
|
| Job 7:14 | וְחִתַּתַּ֥נִי בַחֲלֹמ֑וֹת וּֽמֵחֶזְיֹנ֥וֹת תְּבַעֲתַֽנִּי׃ |
But you terrify me in dreams And frighten me with visions. |
|
| Job 7:15 | וַתִּבְחַ֣ר מַחֲנָ֣ק נַפְשִׁ֑י מָ֝֗וֶת מֵֽעַצְמוֹתָֽי׃ |
My being would prefer suffocation; It would prefer death to my intact body. |
being ← soul.
body: or bones. |
| Job 7:16 | מָ֭אַסְתִּי לֹא־לְעֹלָ֣ם אֶֽחְיֶ֑ה חֲדַ֥ל מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי כִּי־הֶ֥בֶל יָמָֽי׃ |
I reject life; I will not live on. Leave me, For my days are pointless. |
live on ← live for the age.
pointless ← vanity; a vapour. |
| Job 7:17 | מָֽה־אֱ֭נוֹשׁ כִּ֣י תְגַדְּלֶ֑נּוּ וְכִי־תָשִׁ֖ית אֵלָ֣יו לִבֶּֽךָ׃ |
What is man, That you should make him great? – Or that you should set your heart on him? |
|
| Job 7:18 | וַתִּפְקְדֶ֥נּוּ לִבְקָרִ֑ים לִ֝רְגָעִ֗ים תִּבְחָנֶֽנּוּ׃ |
But you visit him every morning And test him every moment. |
every morning ... every moment ← at mornings ... at moments. |
| Job 7:19 | כַּ֭מָּה לֹא־תִשְׁעֶ֣ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי לֹֽא־תַ֝רְפֵּ֗נִי עַד־בִּלְעִ֥י רֻקִּֽי׃ |
How long will you ignore me And persist with me Until I swallow my spittle? |
ignore me ← not regard (with favour) from me.
persist with ← not desist from. |
| Job 7:20 | חָטָ֡אתִי מָ֤ה אֶפְעַ֨ל ׀ לָךְ֮ נֹצֵ֪ר הָאָ֫דָ֥ם לָ֤מָה שַׂמְתַּ֣נִי לְמִפְגָּ֣ע לָ֑ךְ וָאֶהְיֶ֖ה עָלַ֣י לְמַשָּֽׂא׃ |
I have sinned – What can I do to you, O guardian of man? Why have you made me an object of confrontation with you, So that I am a burden to {P: you} [M: myself]? |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= עָלֶיךָ. AV differs. |
| Job 7:21 | וּמֶ֤ה ׀ לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פִשְׁעִי֮ וְתַעֲבִ֪יר אֶת־עֲוֺ֫נִ֥י כִּֽי־עַ֭תָּה לֶעָפָ֣ר אֶשְׁכָּ֑ב וְשִׁ֖חֲרְתַּ֣נִי וְאֵינֶֽנִּי׃ פ |
And why do you not pardon my transgression And forgive my iniquity? For now I shall lie down on the dust, And you will seek me diligently, But I will not be there.” |
|
| Job 8:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן בִּלְדַּ֥ד הַשּׁוּחִ֗י וַיֹאמַֽר׃ | Then Bildad the Shuhite began to speak and said, | began to speak: see Job 3:2. |
| Job 8:2 | עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְר֥וּחַ כַּ֝בִּיר אִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ׃ |
“How long will you declaim these things? And the words of your mouth are a great wind. |
|
| Job 8:3 | הַ֭אֵל יְעַוֵּ֣ת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְאִם־שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יְעַוֵּֽת־צֶֽדֶק׃ |
Does God pervert justice? Or does the Almighty pervert righteousness? |
pervert ... pervert: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Job 8:4 | אִם־בָּנֶ֥יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־ל֑וֹ וַֽ֝יְשַׁלְּחֵ֗ם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָֽם׃ |
What if your sons sinned against him, And he has cast them out for their transgressions? |
cast them out: perhaps standing for delivered them (to death).
for ← by the hand of. |
| Job 8:5 | אִם־אַ֭תָּה תְּשַׁחֵ֣ר אֶל־אֵ֑ל וְאֶל־שַׁ֝דַּ֗י תִּתְחַנָּֽן׃ |
If you would seek God diligently, And make supplication to the Almighty, |
|
| Job 8:6 | אִם־זַ֥ךְ וְיָשָׁ֗ר אָ֥תָּה כִּי־עַ֭תָּה יָעִ֣יר עָלֶ֑יךָ וְ֝שִׁלַּ֗ם נְוַ֣ת צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ |
If you were pure and upright, Then he would now bestir himself for you And keep your righteous dwelling place safe. |
your righteous dwelling place ← the dwelling place of your righteousness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 8:7 | וְהָיָ֣ה רֵאשִׁיתְךָ֣ מִצְעָ֑ר וְ֝אַחֲרִיתְךָ֗ יִשְׂגֶּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ |
And however much your beginning may have been a small matter, Yet your final situation would become very great. |
|
| Job 8:8 | כִּֽי־שְׁאַל־נָ֭א לְדֹ֣ר רִישׁ֑וֹן וְ֝כוֹנֵ֗ן לְחֵ֣קֶר אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ |
For inquire, I pray you, of a former generation, And establish it by investigation of their fathers. |
former ← first. |
| Job 8:9 | כִּֽי־תְמ֣וֹל אֲ֭נַחְנוּ וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע כִּ֤י צֵ֖ל יָמֵ֣ינוּ עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
For we are of yesterday, And we do not know much at all, For our days are just a shadow on the earth. |
|
| Job 8:10 | הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם י֭וֹרוּךָ יֹ֣אמְרוּ לָ֑ךְ וּ֝מִלִּבָּ֗ם יוֹצִ֥אוּ מִלִּֽים׃ |
Will they not teach you And speak to you And bring out words from their heart? |
|
| Job 8:11 | הֲיִֽגְאֶה־גֹּ֭מֶא בְּלֹ֣א בִצָּ֑ה יִשְׂגֶּה־אָ֥חוּ בְלִי־מָֽיִם׃ |
Do papyrus plants grow without a swamp? Does bulrush grow without water? |
|
| Job 8:12 | עֹדֶ֣נּוּ בְ֭אִבּוֹ לֹ֣א יִקָּטֵ֑ף וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָל־חָצִ֣יר יִיבָֽשׁ׃ |
While it is still in tender greenness, It is not plucked away. But it dries up quicker than any other kind of grass. |
greenness ← its greenness.
quicker than ← before. any ← every. AV differs in syntactic structure. |
| Job 8:13 | כֵּ֗ן אָ֭רְחוֹת כָּל־שֹׁ֣כְחֵי אֵ֑ל וְתִקְוַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף תֹּאבֵֽד׃ |
So are the paths of all who forget God, And the hope of the profane comes to nothing. |
profane: on a translation as hypocrite, see [AnLx] note at end of p.267. |
| Job 8:14 | אֲשֶׁר־יָק֥וֹט כִּסְל֑וֹ וּבֵ֥ית עַ֝כָּבִ֗ישׁ מִבְטַחֽוֹ׃ |
Their hope is cut off, And their object of trust turns out to be a spider's cobweb. |
cobweb ← house. |
| Job 8:15 | יִשָּׁעֵ֣ן עַל־בֵּ֭יתוֹ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֑ד יַחֲזִ֥יק בּ֝֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א יָקֽוּם׃ |
When he leans on his house, It will not stand; He will hold it fast, But it will not stand firm. |
|
| Job 8:16 | רָטֹ֣ב ה֭וּא לִפְנֵי־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְעַ֥ל גַּ֝נָּת֗וֹ יֹֽנַקְתּ֥וֹ תֵצֵֽא׃ |
As a tree which is moist in the sun, Whose young shoot sprouts in its garden, |
As a tree: we adopt [CB]'s ellipsis for this simile. AV differs, having no ellipsis. |
| Job 8:17 | עַל־גַּ֭ל שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣יו יְסֻבָּ֑כוּ בֵּ֖ית אֲבָנִ֣ים יֶחֱזֶֽה׃ |
Whose roots are intertwined at the water-source, Which looks down on a house of stone, |
looks down on: i.e. is higher than. |
| Job 8:18 | אִם־יְבַלְּעֶ֥נּוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֑וֹ וְכִ֥חֶשׁ בּ֝֗וֹ לֹ֣א רְאִיתִֽיךָ׃ |
If anyone uproots it from its place, The place will disown the tree, and say, ‘I do not care for you.’ |
uproots ← swallows.
care for ← see, but also provide, care for. |
| Job 8:19 | הֶן־ה֭וּא מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּ֝מֵעָפָ֗ר אַחֵ֥ר יִצְמָֽחוּ׃ |
Behold, that would be the end of its joyful course, And other plants would grow from its soil. |
its joyful course ← the joy of its course, a reverse Hebraic genitive.
soil ← dust. |
| Job 8:20 | הֶן־אֵ֭ל לֹ֣א יִמְאַס־תָּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חֲזִ֗יק בְּיַד־מְרֵעִֽים׃ |
Behold, God does not reject those of integrity, And he does not hold the hand of evildoers. |
|
| Job 8:21 | עַד־יְמַלֵּ֣ה שְׂח֣וֹק פִּ֑יךָ וּשְׂפָתֶ֥יךָ תְרוּעָֽה׃ |
If you would seek God diligently, God would not rest Until he fills your mouth with laughter, And your lips with a shout for joy. |
If you would seek God diligently: from Job 8:5. AV differs, having no ellipsis.
God would not rest: inferred from Job 8:6. |
| Job 8:22 | שֹׂנְאֶ֥יךָ יִלְבְּשׁוּ־בֹ֑שֶׁת וְאֹ֖הֶל רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ פ |
Those who hate you would be clothed in shame, And the tent of the wicked would no longer exist.” |
|
| Job 9:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job replied and said, | |
| Job 9:2 | אָ֭מְנָם יָדַ֣עְתִּי כִי־כֵ֑ן וּמַה־יִּצְדַּ֖ק אֱנ֣וֹשׁ עִם־אֵֽל׃ |
“Indeed I know it is so, But how can a man be just with God? |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Job 9:3 | אִם־יַ֭חְפֹּץ לָרִ֣יב עִמּ֑וֹ לֹֽא־יַ֝עֲנֶ֗נּוּ אַחַ֥ת מִנִּי־אָֽלֶף׃ |
If he were to be pleased to contend with him, The man could not answer one question out of a thousand. |
the man ← he. |
| Job 9:4 | חֲכַ֣ם לֵ֭בָב וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֑חַ מִֽי־הִקְשָׁ֥ה אֵ֝לָ֗יו וַיִּשְׁלָֽם׃ |
Who, however wise of heart and mighty in strength, Ever hardened himself against him And came off well? |
came off well ← and is at peace. |
| Job 9:5 | הַמַּעְתִּ֣יק הָ֭רִים וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עוּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר הֲפָכָ֣ם בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃ |
He removes mountains, But they are unaware of it, And he overturns them in his anger. |
|
| Job 9:6 | הַמַּרְגִּ֣יז אֶ֭רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ וְ֝עַמּוּדֶ֗יהָ יִתְפַלָּצֽוּן׃ |
He shakes the earth out of its place, So that its pillars tremble. |
|
| Job 9:7 | הָאֹמֵ֣ר לַ֭חֶרֶס וְלֹ֣א יִזְרָ֑ח וּבְעַ֖ד כּוֹכָבִ֣ים יַחְתֹּֽם׃ |
He commands the sun And it does not rise, And he sets a seal around the stars. |
|
| Job 9:8 | נֹטֶ֣ה שָׁמַ֣יִם לְבַדּ֑וֹ וְ֝דוֹרֵ֗ךְ עַל־בָּ֥מֳתֵי יָֽם׃ |
He stretches out the heavens on his own, And he treads on the heights of the sea. |
|
| Job 9:9 | עֹֽשֶׂה־עָ֭שׁ כְּסִ֥יל וְכִימָ֗ה וְחַדְרֵ֥י תֵמָֽן׃ |
He made the Great Bear and Orion, And the Pleiades and the constellations of the south. |
Great Bear: or Arcturus, which was perhaps included in the constellation.
constellations ← chambers. |
| Job 9:10 | עֹשֶׂ֣ה גְ֭דֹלוֹת עַד־אֵ֣ין חֵ֑קֶר וְנִפְלָא֗וֹת עַד־אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
He performs great deeds Which are beyond searching out, And wonders which are without number. |
which are ← up to. |
| Job 9:11 | הֵ֤ן יַעֲבֹ֣ר עָ֭לַי וְלֹ֣א אֶרְאֶ֑ה וְ֝יַחֲלֹ֗ף וְֽלֹא־אָבִ֥ין לֽוֹ׃ |
Behold, he passes me by, But I do not see him. He goes past, But I do not perceive him. |
|
| Job 9:12 | הֵ֣ן יַ֭חְתֹּף מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ מִֽי־יֹאמַ֥ר אֵ֝לָ֗יו מַֽה־תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ |
Behold, when he seizes something, Who can make him return it? Who can say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ |
|
| Job 9:13 | אֱ֭לוֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֥יו שָׁ֝חֲח֗וּ עֹ֣זְרֵי רָֽהַב׃ |
If God does not avert his anger, Minions of pride must stoop before him. |
before him ← under him. The ketiv is a variant form of the qeré. |
| Job 9:14 | אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑נּוּ אֶבְחֲרָ֖ה דְבָרַ֣י עִמּֽוֹ׃ |
How much less can I answer him? How could I choose my words in dispute with him? |
|
| Job 9:15 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־צָ֭דַקְתִּי לֹ֣א אֶעֱנֶ֑ה לִ֝מְשֹׁפְטִ֗י אֶתְחַנָּֽן׃ |
– When even if I were just, I would not answer; I would make my supplication to my judge. |
|
| Job 9:16 | אִם־קָרָ֥אתִי וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑נִי לֹֽא־אַ֝אֲמִ֗ין כִּֽי־יַאֲזִ֥ין קוֹלִֽי׃ |
Even if I called him, and he answered me, I would not believe that he had heard my voice. |
|
| Job 9:17 | אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׂעָרָ֥ה יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי וְהִרְבָּ֖ה פְצָעַ֣י חִנָּֽם׃ |
He could crush me with a storm And multiply my wounds without a cause. |
|
| Job 9:18 | לֹֽא־יִ֭תְּנֵנִי הָשֵׁ֣ב רוּחִ֑י כִּ֥י יַ֝שְׂבִּעַ֗נִי מַמְּרֹרִֽים׃ |
He would not allow me to recover my breath, For he would fill me with bitter things. |
breath: or spirit.
fill ← satiate. |
| Job 9:19 | אִם־לְכֹ֣חַ אַמִּ֣יץ הִנֵּ֑ה וְאִם־לְ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מִ֣י יוֹעִידֵֽנִי׃ |
If it is a matter of strength, Behold, he is mighty. And if of justice, Who will appoint me a hearing? |
|
| Job 9:20 | אִם־אֶ֭צְדָּק פִּ֣י יַרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִי תָּֽם־אָ֝֗נִי וַֽיַּעְקְשֵֽׁנִי׃ |
If I were to say, ‘I am justified’, My mouth would be condemning me. If I were to say, ‘I have integrity’, It would convict me of perverseness. |
|
| Job 9:21 | תָּֽם־אָ֭נִי לֹֽא־אֵדַ֥ע נַפְשִׁ֗י אֶמְאַ֥ס חַיָּֽי׃ |
If I were to say, ‘I have integrity’, I would not recognize myself; I would loathe my life. |
myself ← my soul. |
| Job 9:22 | אַחַ֗ת הִ֥יא עַל־כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֑רְתִּי תָּ֥ם וְ֝רָשָׁ֗ע ה֣וּא מְכַלֶּֽה׃ |
It is all the same. That is why I claim, ‘He makes an end of the integrous and wicked alike.’ |
the same ← one (thing).
claim ← say. |
| Job 9:23 | אִם־שׁ֭וֹט יָמִ֣ית פִּתְאֹ֑ם לְמַסַּ֖ת נְקִיִּ֣ם יִלְעָֽג׃ |
If a scourge suddenly kills, It makes a mockery of the trial of the innocent. |
it makes a mockery: AV differs (he will laugh), also possible. |
| Job 9:24 | אֶ֤רֶץ ׀ נִתְּנָ֬ה בְֽיַד־רָשָׁ֗ע פְּנֵֽי־שֹׁפְטֶ֥יהָ יְכַסֶּ֑ה אִם־לֹ֖א אֵפ֣וֹא מִי־הֽוּא׃ |
The earth has been delivered into the hand of the wicked one; He has put a veil over the faces of its judges. If it is not so, Who, then, is he who is responsible?” |
put a veil over ← covered.
then: AV differs (where), apparently reading אֵפוֹה, not אֵפוֹא. |
| Job 9:25 | וְיָמַ֣י קַ֭לּוּ מִנִּי־רָ֑ץ בָּֽ֝רְח֗וּ לֹא־רָא֥וּ טוֹבָֽה׃ |
“Now my days pass more swiftly than a runner. They fly past; They do not see goodness. |
Job addresses God here (or perhaps at verse 27).
fly past ← flee, as in classical Latin (tempus fugit). |
| Job 9:26 | חָ֭לְפוּ עִם־אֳנִיּ֣וֹת אֵבֶ֑ה כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר יָט֥וּשׂ עֲלֵי־אֹֽכֶל׃ |
They pass with the speed of papyrus boats, As an eagle swoops after prey. |
papyrus boats: so light and fast.
prey ← food. |
| Job 9:27 | אִם־אָ֭מְרִי אֶשְׁכְּחָ֣ה שִׂיחִ֑י אֶעֶזְבָ֖ה פָנַ֣י וְאַבְלִֽיגָה׃ |
If I were to say, ‘I will forget my complaint; I will ignore my situation And be cheerful’, |
ignore my situation ← leave my face. |
| Job 9:28 | יָגֹ֥רְתִּי כָל־עַצְּבֹתָ֑י יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי כִּי־לֹ֥א תְנַקֵּֽנִי׃ |
I would be fearful with all my sorrows; I would know That you still wouldn't pronounce me innocent. |
|
| Job 9:29 | אָנֹכִ֥י אֶרְשָׁ֑ע לָמָּה־זֶּ֝֗ה הֶ֣בֶל אִיגָֽע׃ |
Let me be considered wicked. Why, then, do I go on struggling in vain? |
|
| Job 9:30 | אִם־הִתְרָחַ֥צְתִּי *במו־**בְמֵי־שָׁ֑לֶג וַ֝הֲזִכּ֗וֹתִי בְּבֹ֣ר כַּפָּֽי׃ |
If I were to wash myself {K: in snow} [Q: in snow-water] And purify my hands with soap, |
|
| Job 9:31 | אָ֭ז בַּשַּׁ֣חַת תִּטְבְּלֵ֑נִי וְ֝תִֽעֲב֗וּנִי שַׂלְמוֹתָֽי׃ |
Then you would still plunge me into the pit, And even my garments would abhor me.” |
|
| Job 9:32 | כִּי־לֹא־אִ֣ישׁ כָּמֹ֣נִי אֶֽעֱנֶ֑נּוּ נָב֥וֹא יַ֝חְדָּ֗ו בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
“For he is not a man like me, That I should be able to answer him, and say, ‘Let us go together to the court of justice.’ |
Job speaks to his friends. |
| Job 9:33 | לֹ֣א יֵשׁ־בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ מוֹכִ֑יחַ יָשֵׁ֖ת יָד֣וֹ עַל־שְׁנֵֽינוּ׃ |
There is no arbiter between us, Who could put his hand on us both. |
arbiter ← reprover, but here in a mediatorial role. AV's daysman. |
| Job 9:34 | יָסֵ֣ר מֵעָלַ֣י שִׁבְט֑וֹ וְ֝אֵמָת֗וֹ אַֽל־תְּבַעֲתַֽנִּי׃ |
Let him take away his rod from me, And let him not frighten me with his terror. |
|
| Job 9:35 | אַֽ֭דַבְּרָה וְלֹ֣א אִירָאֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־כֵ֥ן אָ֝נֹכִ֗י עִמָּדִֽי׃ |
Then I would speak and not fear him, But it is not so for me in my situation. |
in my situation ← with me. |
| Job 10:1 | נָֽקְטָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֗י בְּחַ֫יָּ֥י אֶֽעֶזְבָ֣ה עָלַ֣י שִׂיחִ֑י אֲ֝דַבְּרָה֗ בְּמַ֣ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
My being is weary of my life. I will consign my complaint to myself. I will speak in the bitterness of my feelings. |
being ... feelings ← soul ... soul.
consign ← abandon. |
| Job 10:2 | אֹמַ֣ר אֶל־אֱ֭לוֹהַּ אַל־תַּרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִי הֽ֝וֹדִיעֵ֗נִי עַ֣ל מַה־תְּרִיבֵֽנִי׃ |
I will say to God, ‘Do not condemn me. Tell me what you are contending with me about. |
|
| Job 10:3 | הֲט֤וֹב לְךָ֨ ׀ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֹׁ֗ק כִּֽי־תִ֭מְאַס יְגִ֣יעַ כַּפֶּ֑יךָ וְעַל־עֲצַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים הוֹפָֽעְתָּ׃ |
Is it good in your sight that you should oppress? – That you should reject the work of your hands? – And that you should shine on the counsel of the wicked? |
|
| Job 10:4 | הַעֵינֵ֣י בָשָׂ֣ר לָ֑ךְ אִם־כִּרְא֖וֹת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
Have you got eyes of flesh? Do you see as man sees? |
|
| Job 10:5 | הֲכִימֵ֣י אֱנ֣וֹשׁ יָמֶ֑יךָ אִם־שְׁ֝נוֹתֶ֗יךָ כִּ֣ימֵי גָֽבֶר׃ |
Are your days like the days of mankind? Are your years like the days of a man, |
|
| Job 10:6 | כִּֽי־תְבַקֵּ֥שׁ לַעֲוֺנִ֑י וּ֭לְחַטָּאתִ֥י תִדְרֽוֹשׁ׃ |
When you seek my iniquity And search for my sin? |
|
| Job 10:7 | עַֽל־דַּ֭עְתְּךָ כִּי־לֹ֣א אֶרְשָׁ֑ע וְאֵ֖ין מִיָּדְךָ֣ מַצִּֽיל׃ |
You know that I do not act wickedly, But there is no-one to deliver me out of your hand. |
you know ← (it is) according to your knowledge. |
| Job 10:8 | יָדֶ֣יךָ עִ֭צְּבוּנִי וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֑וּנִי יַ֥חַד סָ֝בִ֗יב וַֽתְּבַלְּעֵֽנִי׃ |
Your hands took pains to fashion me, Yet all around, you swallow me up. |
|
| Job 10:9 | זְכָר־נָ֭א כִּי־כַחֹ֣מֶר עֲשִׂיתָ֑נִי וְֽאֶל־עָפָ֥ר תְּשִׁיבֵֽנִי׃ |
Remember, I pray, that you fashioned me as with clay, And that you will return me to the dust. |
|
| Job 10:10 | הֲלֹ֣א כֶ֭חָלָב תַּתִּיכֵ֑נִי וְ֝כַגְּבִנָּ֗ה תַּקְפִּיאֵֽנִי׃ |
Did you not pour me out like milk And solidify me like cheese? |
|
| Job 10:11 | ע֣וֹר וּ֭בָשָׂר תַּלְבִּישֵׁ֑נִי וּֽבַעֲצָמ֥וֹת וְ֝גִידִ֗ים תְּסֹכְכֵֽנִי׃ |
You clothed me in skin and flesh And wove me together with bones and sinews. |
|
| Job 10:12 | חַיִּ֣ים וָ֭חֶסֶד עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּדִ֑י וּ֝פְקֻדָּתְךָ֗ שָֽׁמְרָ֥ה רוּחִֽי׃ |
You have granted me life and shown me kindness, And your watchfulness has guarded my spirit, |
|
| Job 10:13 | וְ֭אֵלֶּה צָפַ֣נְתָּ בִלְבָבֶ֑ךָ יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי כִּי־זֹ֥את עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
Yet you have hidden these things in your heart. I know that this was your intention. |
your intention ← with you. |
| Job 10:14 | אִם־חָטָ֥אתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי וּ֝מֵעֲוֺנִ֗י לֹ֣א תְנַקֵּֽנִי׃ |
If I were to sin, You would observe me, And you would not acquit me from my iniquity. |
observe: a similar meaning in Job 13:27, but the usual meaning is guard. |
| Job 10:15 | אִם־רָשַׁ֡עְתִּי אַלְלַ֬י לִ֗י וְ֭צָדַקְתִּי לֹא־אֶשָּׂ֣א רֹאשִׁ֑י שְׂבַ֥ע קָ֝ל֗וֹן וּרְאֵ֥ה עָנְיִֽי׃ |
If I have acted wickedly, Woe is me. If I have been righteous, I will not lift my head. I am full of ingloriousness; Just look at my affliction. |
just: wider use of the vav. |
| Job 10:16 | וְ֭יִגְאֶה כַּשַּׁ֣חַל תְּצוּדֵ֑נִי וְ֝תָשֹׁ֗ב תִּתְפַּלָּא־בִֽי׃ |
For it is increasing; You hunt me like a fierce lion And again use wondrous powers against me. |
|
| Job 10:17 | תְּחַדֵּ֬שׁ עֵדֶ֨יךָ ׀ נֶגְדִּ֗י וְתֶ֣רֶב כַּֽ֭עַשְׂךָ עִמָּדִ֑י חֲלִיפ֖וֹת וְצָבָ֣א עִמִּֽי׃ |
You renew your testimonies against me And increase your anger with me. And a succession of forces is against me. |
a succession of forces is against me ← changes and an army (is) with me. |
| Job 10:18 | וְלָ֣מָּה מֵ֭רֶחֶם הֹצֵאתָ֑נִי אֶ֝גְוַ֗ע וְעַ֣יִן לֹא־תִרְאֵֽנִי׃ |
And why did you bring me out of the womb? I could have expired, And no eye would have seen me. |
|
| Job 10:19 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־הָיִ֣יתִי אֶהְיֶ֑ה מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן לַקֶּ֥בֶר אוּבָֽל׃ |
I would be as though I had not existed; I would have been led from the womb to the grave.’ |
existed ← been. |
| Job 10:20 | הֲלֹא־מְעַ֣ט יָמַ֣י *יחדל **וַחֲדָ֑ל *ישית **וְשִׁ֥ית מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי וְאַבְלִ֥יגָה מְּעָֽט׃ |
Are not my days few? {K: If only he would desist} [Q: Desist, then,] and turn away from me, {K: Then I would be} [Q: And let me be] a little more cheerful |
The ketiv / qeré issues are yod / vav issues. There is no textual variation in the third line, but the English needs to be adapted according to the preceding textual variation.
Job addresses his friends directly again. |
| Job 10:21 | בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֵ֭לֵךְ וְלֹ֣א אָשׁ֑וּב אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
Before I go (and do not return) To the land of darkness and the shadow of death |
|
| Job 10:22 | אֶ֤רֶץ עֵיפָ֨תָה ׀ כְּמ֥וֹ אֹ֗פֶל צַ֭לְמָוֶת וְלֹ֥א סְדָרִ֗ים וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־אֹֽפֶל׃ פ |
– A land of weariness like deep darkness, And of the shadow of death, Where no order reigns, And where it shines deep darkness.” |
shines deep darkness ← shines as darkness. |
| Job 11:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן צֹפַ֥ר הַֽנַּעֲמָתִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Zophar the Naamathite answered and said, | |
| Job 11:2 | הֲרֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים לֹ֣א יֵעָנֶ֑ה וְאִם־אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפָתַ֣יִם יִצְדָּֽק׃ |
“Shall a profusion of words not be answered? And is a loquacious man necessarily right? |
loquacious man ← man of lips. |
| Job 11:3 | בַּ֭דֶּיךָ מְתִ֣ים יַחֲרִ֑ישׁו וַ֝תִּלְעַ֗ג וְאֵ֣ין מַכְלִֽם׃ |
Will your lies silence men? Or will you mock, With no-one putting you to shame? |
|
| Job 11:4 | וַ֭תֹּאמֶר זַ֣ךְ לִקְחִ֑י וּ֝בַ֗ר הָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ |
For you have said, ‘My doctrine is pure’, And, ‘I have been clean in your eyes.’ |
|
| Job 11:5 | וְֽאוּלָ֗ם מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן אֱל֣וֹהַּ דַּבֵּ֑ר וְיִפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתָ֣יו עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
But if only God would speak And open his lips with you |
if only ← who will grant. |
| Job 11:6 | וְיַגֶּד־לְךָ֨ ׀ תַּֽעֲלֻמ֣וֹת חָכְמָה֮ כִּֽי־כִפְלַ֪יִם לְֽת֫וּשִׁיָּ֥ה וְדַ֡ע כִּֽי־יַשֶּׁ֥ה לְךָ֥ אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ מֵעֲוֺנֶֽךָ׃ |
And tell you the secrets of wisdom, For they double the value of insight. And know that God exacts retribution for your iniquity. |
they double ← (they are) double to.
retribution: AV differs (less than ... deserveth). |
| Job 11:7 | הַחֵ֣קֶר אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּמְצָ֑א אִ֤ם עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית שַׁדַּ֣י תִּמְצָֽא׃ |
Can you find God with an investigation? Or can you find the Almighty with complete knowledge? |
with ← up to.
complete knowledge ← completeness. |
| Job 11:8 | גָּבְהֵ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם מַה־תִּפְעָ֑ל עֲמֻקָּ֥ה מִ֝שְּׁא֗וֹל מַה־תֵּדָֽע׃ |
What can you undertake concerning the heights of heaven? What can you know about what is deeper than the underworld? |
underworld: or grave. |
| Job 11:9 | אֲרֻכָּ֣ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִדָּ֑הּ וּ֝רְחָבָ֗ה מִנִּי־יָֽם׃ |
Its dimensions are longer than the earth And wider than the sea. |
its: referring to wisdom (Job 11:6).
dimensions ← measurement. |
| Job 11:10 | אִם־יַחֲלֹ֥ף וְיַסְגִּ֑יר וְ֝יַקְהִ֗יל וּמִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
If he passes by, And confines and gathers people up, Who can make him withdraw it? |
passes by: AV differs (cut off). |
| Job 11:11 | כִּי־ה֭וּא יָדַ֣ע מְתֵי־שָׁ֑וְא וַיַּרְא־אָ֝֗וֶן וְלֹ֣א יִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃ |
For he knows who the vain men are, And he sees their wickedness Although he does not appear attentive. |
although: concessive use of the vav. AV differs, as an interrogative, which is also possible. |
| Job 11:12 | וְאִ֣ישׁ נָ֭בוּב יִלָּבֵ֑ב וְעַ֥יִר פֶּ֝֗רֶא אָדָ֥ם יִוָּלֵֽד׃ |
But a witless man can become wise, For a man is born like a wild ass. |
become wise ← hearten himself. |
| Job 11:13 | אִם־אַ֭תָּ֗ה הֲכִינ֣וֹתָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֖ אֵלָ֣יו כַּפֶּֽךָ׃ |
If you prepare your heart, Then you can stretch out your hands to him. |
hands ← hand. |
| Job 11:14 | אִם־אָ֣וֶן בְּ֭יָדְךָ הַרְחִיקֵ֑הוּ וְאַל־תַּשְׁכֵּ֖ן בְּאֹהָלֶ֣יךָ עַוְלָֽה׃ |
If there is vanity in your hands, Remove it, And do not let iniquity dwell in your tents. |
hands ← hand. |
| Job 11:15 | כִּי־אָ֤ז ׀ תִּשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֣יךָ מִמּ֑וּם וְהָיִ֥יתָ מֻ֝צָ֗ק וְלֹ֣א תִירָֽא׃ |
For then you will be able to hold your head high spotlessly, And you will be steadfast, And you will not need to fear. |
spotlessly ← from spot.
steadfast ← cast (as a metal). |
| Job 11:16 | כִּי־אַ֭תָּה עָמָ֣ל תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח כְּמַ֖יִם עָבְר֣וּ תִזְכֹּֽר׃ |
For then you will forget your sorrow And remember it as you do water that passes by. |
|
| Job 11:17 | וּֽ֭מִצָּהֳרַיִם יָק֣וּם חָ֑לֶד תָּ֝עֻ֗פָה כַּבֹּ֥קֶר תִּהְיֶֽה׃ |
A time will come brighter than noon. You will soar; You will be like the morning. |
soar: from root עוּף. AV differs (shine forth), apparently taking the root as יָעַף, itself a metathesis of יָפַע. |
| Job 11:18 | וּֽ֭בָטַחְתָּ כִּי־יֵ֣שׁ תִּקְוָ֑ה וְ֝חָפַרְתָּ֗ לָבֶ֥טַח תִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ |
You will trust, For you will have hope, And you will search matters out And rest with confidence. |
|
| Job 11:19 | וְֽ֭רָבַצְתָּ וְאֵ֣ין מַחֲרִ֑יד וְחִלּ֖וּ פָנֶ֣יךָ רַבִּֽים׃ |
And you will lie down With nothing to cause alarm, And many will seek your favour. |
seek your favour ← weaken your face.
Compare this verse with Lev 26:6, Isa 17:2, Mic 4:4, Zeph 3:13, Ezek 34:28. |
| Job 11:20 | וְעֵינֵ֥י רְשָׁעִ֗ים תִּ֫כְלֶ֥ינָה וּ֭מָנוֹס אָבַ֣ד מִנְהֶ֑ם וְ֝תִקְוָתָ֗ם מַֽפַּח־נָֽפֶשׁ׃ פ |
But the eyes of the wicked will fail, And flight will not be available to them, And their hope will be as a puff of breath.” |
not be available to them ← perish from them.
puff of breath: or expiry of the soul, but here representing a forlorn hope. |
| Job 12:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 12:2 | אָ֭מְנָם כִּ֣י אַתֶּם־עָ֑ם וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗ם תָּמ֥וּת חָכְמָֽה׃ |
“Truly, you constitute a people. But your wisdom will die with you. |
you (2x): plural, likening the three friends to a confederacy. |
| Job 12:3 | גַּם־לִ֤י לֵבָ֨ב ׀ כְּֽמוֹכֶ֗ם לֹא־נֹפֵ֣ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּ֑ם וְאֶת־מִי־אֵ֥ין כְּמוֹ־אֵֽלֶּה׃ |
But I also have intellect like you; I am not inferior to you. And who is not familiar with such things? |
intellect ← a heart, but with wider scope.
inferior to ← more falling than. who is not familiar with such things ← with whom (are) not like these (things present). |
| Job 12:4 | שְׂחֹ֤ק לְרֵעֵ֨הוּ ׀ אֶֽהְיֶ֗ה קֹרֵ֣א לֶ֭אֱלוֹהַּ וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑הוּ שְׂ֝ח֗וֹק צַדִּ֥יק תָּמִֽים׃ |
I am an object of scorn to my neighbour – One calling to God for him to answer him. A just and integrous man is an object of scorn. |
my ← his, but provisionally impersonal, like one's, until the main verb fixes the grammatical person. |
| Job 12:5 | לַפִּ֣יד בּ֭וּז לְעַשְׁתּ֣וּת שַׁאֲנָ֑ן נָ֝כ֗וֹן לְמ֣וֹעֲדֵי רָֽגֶל׃ |
A lamp is an object of contempt to the thoughts of him who is at ease, Although it is prepared for those who are liable to stumble. |
those who are liable to stumble ← totterers of foot. |
| Job 12:6 | יִשְׁלָ֤יוּ אֹֽהָלִ֨ים ׀ לְשֹׁ֥דְדִ֗ים וּֽ֭בַטֻּחוֹת לְמַרְגִּ֣יזֵי אֵ֑ל לַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבִ֖יא אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ |
The tents of the plunderers are at ease, And those who provoke God have confidence In what God brings in his hand. |
|
| Job 12:7 | וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁאַל־נָ֣א בְהֵמ֣וֹת וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וְע֥וֹף הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִם וְיַגֶּד־לָֽךְ׃ |
But ask, I pray, the beasts, And each will teach you, And the birds of the sky, And they will inform you. |
|
| Job 12:8 | א֤וֹ שִׂ֣יחַ לָאָ֣רֶץ וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם׃ |
Or speak to the earth And it will teach you, And the fish of the sea will recount it to you. |
|
| Job 12:9 | מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת׃ |
Who does not know by means of all these That the hand of the Lord has done this? |
|
| Job 12:10 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־חָ֑י וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל־בְּשַׂר־אִֽישׁ׃ |
– In whose hand the existence of every living being is, And the spirit of all human flesh. |
existence ← soul.
spirit: or breath. |
| Job 12:11 | הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ׃ |
Does not the ear discern the sense of words, And the palate taste food? |
discern ← test.
words: in an Aramaic form. taste ← taste for itself. Compare the Greek middle voice in γεύομαι. |
| Job 12:12 | בִּֽישִׁישִׁ֥ים חָכְמָ֑ה וְאֹ֖רֶךְ יָמִ֣ים תְּבוּנָֽה׃ |
In the elderly is wisdom, And in great age is understanding. |
great age ← length of days. |
| Job 12:13 | עִ֭מּוֹ חָכְמָ֣ה וּגְבוּרָ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ עֵצָ֥ה וּתְבוּנָֽה׃ |
With him there is wisdom and mastery; He has counsel and understanding. |
|
| Job 12:14 | הֵ֣ן יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃ |
Behold, he demolishes a building So that it cannot be built up. He shuts off a way to a man, And it cannot be opened again. |
Rev 3:7.
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Job 12:15 | הֵ֤ן יַעְצֹ֣ר בַּמַּ֣יִם וְיִבָ֑שׁוּ וִֽ֝ישַׁלְּחֵ֗ם וְיַ֖הַפְכוּ אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Behold, he shuts off water, And it dries up, And when he sends it again, It overturns the earth. |
|
| Job 12:16 | עִ֭מּוֹ עֹ֣ז וְתֽוּשִׁיָּ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה׃ |
He has strength and insight; He has dominion over him who goes astray And him who leads astray. |
he has ← with him (is). |
| Job 12:17 | מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל׃ |
He leads counsellors stripped of honour, And he makes a fool of judges. |
|
| Job 12:18 | מוּסַ֣ר מְלָכִ֣ים פִּתֵּ֑חַ וַיֶּאְסֹ֥ר אֵ֝ז֗וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
He dissolves the punishment inflicted by kings, And he binds a girdle around their waist. |
dissolves the punishment inflicted by kings: AV differs (looseth the bond of kings). MT= looses the chastisement of kings, which would often involve bonds, which is what the consonantal ↴ |
| Job 12:19 | מוֹלִ֣יךְ כֹּהֲנִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְאֵֽתָנִ֣ים יְסַלֵּֽף׃ |
He leads priests stripped of office, And he overthrows the mighty. |
↳ text would more naturally be taken as (מוֹסֵר, root אָסַר). A subjective genitive (the kings chastise / bind others). |
| Job 12:20 | מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים וְטַ֖עַם זְקֵנִ֣ים יִקָּֽח׃ |
He removes the eloquence of the confident orator, And he deposes the discernment of the elders. |
eloquence ← lip. |
| Job 12:21 | שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל־נְדִיבִ֑ים וּמְזִ֖יחַ אֲפִיקִ֣ים רִפָּֽה׃ |
He pours contempt on dignitaries, And he loosens the girdle of the mighty. |
|
| Job 12:22 | מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵ֖א לָא֣וֹר צַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
He uncovers deep things from darkness, And he brings the shadow of death into the light. |
|
| Job 12:23 | מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם׃ |
He makes nations great Then brings them to ruin; He lets nations expand Then leads them back. |
|
| Job 12:24 | מֵסִ֗יר לֵ֭ב רָאשֵׁ֣י עַם־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא־דָֽרֶךְ׃ |
He removes reason from the chiefs of the various peoples of the earth And causes them to wander in desolation, Where there is no thoroughfare. |
reason ← heart.
chiefs ← heads. |
| Job 12:25 | יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־א֑וֹר וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹר׃ |
They grope in the dark, Where there is no light, And he causes them to wander Like a drunkard. |
where: wider use of the vav.
Compare the verse to Isa 19:14. |
| Job 13:1 | הֶן־כֹּ֭ל רָאֲתָ֣ה עֵינִ֑י שָֽׁמְעָ֥ה אָ֝זְנִ֗י וַתָּ֥בֶן לָֽהּ׃ |
Behold, my eye has seen everything; My ear has heard it And understood it. |
|
| Job 13:2 | כְּֽ֭דַעְתְּכֶם יָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֑נִי לֹא־נֹפֵ֖ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּֽם׃ |
What you know, I know too. I am not inferior to you. |
you (2x): still plural, as in Job 12:2.
inferior: see Job 12:3. |
| Job 13:3 | אוּלָ֗ם אֲ֭נִי אֶל־שַׁדַּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְהוֹכֵ֖חַ אֶל־אֵ֣ל אֶחְפָּֽץ׃ |
But I would like to speak to the Almighty, And I desire to reason with God. |
|
| Job 13:4 | וְֽאוּלָ֗ם אַתֶּ֥ם טֹֽפְלֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר רֹפְאֵ֖י אֱלִ֣ל כֻּלְּכֶֽם׃ |
But you are fabricators of falsehood; You are all physicians of no value. |
|
| Job 13:5 | מִֽי־יִ֭תֵּן הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִישׁ֑וּן וּתְהִ֖י לָכֶ֣ם לְחָכְמָֽה׃ |
If only you would altogether keep silence; For it would be wisdom to you. |
if only ← who will give.
altogether keep silence: infinitive absolute. |
| Job 13:6 | שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֥א תוֹכַחְתִּ֑י וְרִב֖וֹת שְׂפָתַ֣י הַקְשִֽׁיבוּ׃ |
Hear, I pray, my reasoning, And hearken to the contentions of my lips. |
|
| Job 13:7 | הַ֭לְאֵל תְּדַבְּר֣וּ עַוְלָ֑ה וְ֝ל֗וֹ תְּֽדַבְּר֥וּ רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
Will you speak iniquitously to God ? And speak deceitfully to him? |
iniquitously ... deceitfully ← iniquity ... deceit. |
| Job 13:8 | הֲפָנָ֥יו תִּשָּׂא֑וּן אִם־לָאֵ֥ל תְּרִיבֽוּן׃ |
Will you show partiality with him? Or contend with God? |
|
| Job 13:9 | הֲ֭טוֹב כִּֽי־יַחְקֹ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם אִם־כְּהָתֵ֥ל בֶּ֝אֱנ֗וֹשׁ תְּהָתֵ֥לּוּ בֽוֹ׃ |
Is it right that he should investigate you? Or will you mock him as one mocks a man? |
|
| Job 13:10 | הוֹכֵ֣חַ יוֹכִ֣יחַ אֶתְכֶ֑ם אִם־בַּ֝סֵּ֗תֶר פָּנִ֥ים תִּשָּׂאֽוּן׃ |
He will certainly reprove you If you secretly show partiality. |
he will certainly reprove: infinitive absolute. |
| Job 13:11 | הֲלֹ֣א שְׂ֭אֵתוֹ תְּבַעֵ֣ת אֶתְכֶ֑ם וּ֝פַחְדּ֗וֹ יִפֹּ֥ל עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Will not his exalted position alarm you And his fear fall upon you? |
his fear: an objective genitive (fearing him). |
| Job 13:12 | זִֽ֭כְרֹנֵיכֶם מִשְׁלֵי־אֵ֑פֶר לְגַבֵּי־חֹ֝֗מֶר גַּבֵּיכֶֽם׃ |
Your weighty sayings are proverbs of ashes; Your defences are defences of clay. |
weighty sayings ← memorials.
defences (2x): AV differs (bodies). |
| Job 13:13 | הַחֲרִ֣ישׁוּ מִ֭מֶּנִּי וַאֲדַבְּרָה־אָ֑נִי וְיַעֲבֹ֖ר עָלַ֣י מָֽה׃ |
Stop talking to me, And I will speak. Then let come what may Come on me. |
stop talking to me ← be silent from me. |
| Job 13:14 | עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣י בְשִׁנָּ֑י וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י אָשִׂ֥ים בְּכַפִּֽי׃ |
Why do I take my flesh in my teeth And put my life in my hands? |
take my flesh in my teeth: an English idiom is run the gauntlet.
life ← soul. hands ← hand. |
| Job 13:15 | הֵ֣ן יִ֭קְטְלֵנִי *לא **ל֣וֹ אֲיַחֵ֑ל אַךְ־דְּ֝רָכַ֗י אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אוֹכִֽיחַ׃ |
{K: Look, I do not expect him to kill me} [Q: Even if he kills me, I will put my hope in him], But I will contend for my ways before him. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8, but here the ketiv makes sense. AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| Job 13:16 | גַּם־הוּא־לִ֥י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה כִּי־לֹ֥א לְ֝פָנָ֗יו חָנֵ֥ף יָבֽוֹא׃ |
He is also my salvation, For no profane person can come into his presence. |
profane: see Job 8:13. |
| Job 13:17 | שִׁמְע֣וּ שָׁ֭מוֹעַ מִלָּתִ֑י וְ֝אַֽחֲוָתִ֗י בְּאָזְנֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Hear my words attentively, And heed my arguments in your ears. |
hear ... attentively: infinitive absolute.
words ... arguments ← word ... argument. |
| Job 13:18 | הִנֵּה־נָ֭א עָרַ֣כְתִּי מִשְׁפָּ֑ט יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י אֶצְדָּֽק׃ |
Look, I pray, I have set out my case; I know I shall be justified.” |
case ← judgment. |
| Job 13:19 | מִי־ה֭וּא יָרִ֣יב עִמָּדִ֑י כִּֽי־עַתָּ֖ה אַחֲרִ֣ישׁ וְאֶגְוָֽע׃ |
“Who is it who would contend with me? For if I now keep silence, I will expire. |
Job addresses God. |
| Job 13:20 | אַךְ־שְׁ֭תַּיִם אַל־תַּ֣עַשׂ עִמָּדִ֑י אָ֥ז מִ֝פָּנֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א אֶסָּתֵֽר׃ |
But avoid doing two things to me, Then I need not be hidden from your presence. |
to me ← with me. |
| Job 13:21 | כַּ֭פְּךָ מֵעָלַ֣י הַרְחַ֑ק וְ֝אֵ֥מָתְךָ֗ אַֽל־תְּבַעֲתַֽנִּי׃ |
Remove your hand from me, And do not alarm me with your foreboding. |
do not alarm me with your foreboding: or do not let your foreboding alarm me. AV differs, reading the alternative.
foreboding ← dread. |
| Job 13:22 | וּ֭קְרָא וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה אֽוֹ־אֲ֝דַבֵּ֗ר וַהֲשִׁיבֵֽנִי׃ |
Then call, and I will answer, Or I will speak, and you can answer me. |
|
| Job 13:23 | כַּמָּ֣ה לִ֭י עֲוֺנ֣וֹת וְחַטָּא֑וֹת פִּֽשְׁעִ֥י וְ֝חַטָּאתִ֗י הֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃ |
How many iniquities and sins have I committed? Make my transgression and my sin known to me. |
|
| Job 13:24 | לָֽמָּה־פָנֶ֥יךָ תַסְתִּ֑יר וְתַחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי לְאוֹיֵ֣ב לָֽךְ׃ |
Why do you hide your face And consider me to be your enemy? |
|
| Job 13:25 | הֶעָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֣ף תַּעֲר֑וֹץ וְאֶת־קַ֖שׁ יָבֵ֣שׁ תִּרְדֹּֽף׃ |
Will you put fear into a leaf That is driven about? Or will you pursue dry chaff? |
|
| Job 13:26 | כִּֽי־תִכְתֹּ֣ב עָלַ֣י מְרֹר֑וֹת וְ֝תוֹרִישֵׁ֗נִי עֲוֺנ֥וֹת נְעוּרָֽי׃ |
For you indict me with bitter things, And you load on me the iniquities of my youth, |
indict me with bitter things ← write bitter things against me.
load ← make possess. |
| Job 13:27 | וְתָ֘שֵׂ֤ם בַּסַּ֨ד ׀ רַגְלַ֗י וְתִשְׁמ֥וֹר כָּל־אָרְחוֹתָ֑י עַל־שָׁרְשֵׁ֥י רַ֝גְלַ֗י תִּתְחַקֶּֽה׃ |
Putting my feet in the stocks, And watching all my paths closely, And imprinting a mark on the soles of my feet, |
|
| Job 13:28 | וְ֭הוּא כְּרָקָ֣ב יִבְלֶ֑ה כְּ֝בֶ֗גֶד אֲכָ֣לוֹ עָֽשׁ׃ |
Each of which wastes away like rot, As a moth eats a garment. |
|
| Job 14:1 | אָ֭דָם יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה קְצַ֥ר יָ֝מִ֗ים וּֽשְׂבַֽע־רֹֽגֶז׃ |
Man, born of woman, is of few days, And has his fill of trouble. |
few ← short.
has his fill ← (is) satiated of. |
| Job 14:2 | כְּצִ֣יץ יָ֭צָא וַיִּמָּ֑ל וַיִּבְרַ֥ח כַּ֝צֵּ֗ל וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֽוֹד׃ |
He is as a flower that comes out Then is cut off. And he flees as a shadow And does not stand in place. |
|
| Job 14:3 | אַף־עַל־זֶ֭ה פָּקַ֣חְתָּ עֵינֶ֑ךָ וְאֹ֘תִ֤י תָבִ֖יא בְמִשְׁפָּ֣ט עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
Nevertheless, you open your eyes on such a one And bring me to judgment with you. |
|
| Job 14:4 | מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן טָ֭הוֹר מִטָּמֵ֗א לֹ֣א אֶחָֽד׃ |
Who can make a clean thing From an unclean one? – No-one. |
make ← give, put, but also make. |
| Job 14:5 | אִ֥ם חֲרוּצִ֨ים ׀ יָמָ֗יו מִֽסְפַּר־חֳדָשָׁ֥יו אִתָּ֑ךְ *חקו **חֻקָּ֥יו עָ֝שִׂ֗יתָ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲבֽוֹר׃ |
If his days are determined, If the number of his months is your decision, If you have appointed {K: his limit} [Q: his limits], Then he cannot exceed them. |
your decision ← with you.
limit (ketiv) ... limits (qeré) ← statute (ketiv) ... statutes (qeré). exceed ← cross over. |
| Job 14:6 | שְׁעֵ֣ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וְיֶחְדָּ֑ל עַד־יִ֝רְצֶ֗ה כְּשָׂכִ֥יר יוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Regard him with favour, Rather than being against him, So that he may rest – So that he may take pleasure in his day, As a hired man does. |
rest ← cease.
so that he may take pleasure ← up to / until he takes pleasure, but purposive; compare 1 Ki 6:22. |
| Job 14:7 | כִּ֤י יֵ֥שׁ לָעֵ֗ץ תִּ֫קְוָ֥ה אִֽם־יִ֭כָּרֵת וְע֣וֹד יַחֲלִ֑יף וְ֝יֹֽנַקְתּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תֶחְדָּֽל׃ |
For a tree has hope, If it is cut down, That it may sprout again And that its sucker will not fail, |
|
| Job 14:8 | אִם־יַזְקִ֣ין בָּאָ֣רֶץ שָׁרְשׁ֑וֹ וּ֝בֶעָפָ֗ר יָמ֥וּת גִּזְעֽוֹ׃ |
Even if its root in the ground has grown old, And its felled trunk dies on the ground. |
on the ground ← in the dust, but often ground; compare Job 5:6, Job 7:5. |
| Job 14:9 | מֵרֵ֣יחַ מַ֣יִם יַפְרִ֑חַ וְעָשָׂ֖ה קָצִ֣יר כְּמוֹ־נָֽטַע׃ |
From the smell of water it blossoms And produces a harvest like a new plant. |
|
| Job 14:10 | וְגֶ֣בֶר יָ֭מוּת וַֽיֶּחֱלָ֑שׁ וַיִּגְוַ֖ע אָדָ֣ם וְאַיּֽוֹ׃ |
But a man dies and loses vitality; A human being expires, Then where is he? |
|
| Job 14:11 | אָֽזְלוּ־מַ֭יִם מִנִּי־יָ֑ם וְ֝נָהָ֗ר יֶחֱרַ֥ב וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃ |
As the water from the sea recedes, And a river becomes desolate and dry, |
|
| Job 14:12 | וְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁכַ֗ב וְֽלֹא־יָ֫ק֥וּם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם׃ |
So a man lies down And does not rise again Until the heavens are no more. They do not awaken, And they do not rise from their sleep. |
|
| Job 14:13 | מִ֤י יִתֵּ֨ן ׀ בִּשְׁא֬וֹל תַּצְפִּנֵ֗נִי תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי עַד־שׁ֣וּב אַפֶּ֑ךָ תָּ֤שִׁ֥ית לִ֖י חֹ֣ק וְתִזְכְּרֵֽנִי׃ |
If only you would hide me in the underworld And conceal me until your anger abates And appoint me a time And then remember me. |
if only ← who will give.
underworld: or grave. time ← statute, or limit. |
| Job 14:14 | אִם־יָמ֥וּת גֶּ֗בֶר הֲיִ֫חְיֶ֥ה כָּל־יְמֵ֣י צְבָאִ֣י אֲיַחֵ֑ל עַד־בּ֝֗וֹא חֲלִיפָתִֽי׃ |
If a man dies, Will he live again? I will wait all the days of my struggle For my revival to come. |
for my revival ← up to my revival. |
| Job 14:15 | תִּ֭קְרָא וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ךָּ לְֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדֶ֣יךָ תִכְסֹֽף׃ |
You will call, And I will answer you. You will yearn for the work of your hands. |
|
| Job 14:16 | כִּֽי־עַ֭תָּה צְעָדַ֣י תִּסְפּ֑וֹר לֹֽא־תִ֝שְׁמ֗וֹר עַל־חַטָּאתִֽי׃ |
For now you can count my steps. Are you not on guard concerning my sin? |
are you not: there is no interrogative particle; other interpretations are possible. |
| Job 14:17 | חָתֻ֣ם בִּצְר֣וֹר פִּשְׁעִ֑י וַ֝תִּטְפֹּ֗ל עַל־עֲוֺנִֽי׃ |
My transgression is sealed in a bag, And you have sewn up my iniquity. |
|
| Job 14:18 | וְ֭אוּלָם הַר־נוֹפֵ֣ל יִבּ֑וֹל וְ֝צ֗וּר יֶעְתַּ֥ק מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
But even a mountain can fall And become waste, And a rock can be removed from its place. |
|
| Job 14:19 | אֲבָנִ֤ים ׀ שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף־סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃ |
Water wears down stones; You sweep away with a flood the soil of the land, And you destroy the hope of mortal man. |
wears down: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
with a flood ← (with) its (the land's) overflowings. soil ← dust. |
| Job 14:20 | תִּתְקְפֵ֣הוּ לָ֭נֶצַח וַֽיַּהֲלֹ֑ךְ מְשַׁנֶּ֥ה פָ֝נָ֗יו וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽהוּ׃ |
You overpower him for perpetuity, And he passes away. You change his appearance And dismiss him. |
passes away ← goes; departs. |
| Job 14:21 | יִכְבְּד֣וּ בָ֭נָיו וְלֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע וְ֝יִצְעֲר֗וּ וְֽלֹא־יָבִ֥ין לָֽמוֹ׃ |
His sons may acquire honour, But he would not know, Or they could be disparaged, But he would not be aware of their situation. |
|
| Job 14:22 | אַךְ־בְּ֭שָׂרוֹ עָלָ֣יו יִכְאָ֑ב וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ עָלָ֥יו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ פ |
But meanwhile his flesh on him suffers pain, And his inner self is in mourning.” |
his inner self ← his soul on him. |
| Job 15:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן אֱלִיפַ֥ז הַֽתֵּימָנִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, | |
| Job 15:2 | הֶֽחָכָ֗ם יַעֲנֶ֥ה דַֽעַת־ר֑וּחַ וִֽימַלֵּ֖א קָדִ֣ים בִּטְנֽוֹ׃ |
“Does a wise man answer with knowledge which is nothing but hot air? – Or does he fill his belly with the east wind? |
hot air ← wind, i.e. pretentious talk. |
| Job 15:3 | הוֹכֵ֣חַ בְּ֭דָבָר לֹ֣א יִסְכּ֑וֹן וּ֝מִלִּ֗ים לֹא־יוֹעִ֥יל בָּֽם׃ |
Does one argue with a word that is of no avail? – Or with speeches in which there is no benefit? |
|
| Job 15:4 | אַף־אַ֭תָּה תָּפֵ֣ר יִרְאָ֑ה וְתִגְרַ֥ע שִׂ֝יחָ֗ה לִפְנֵי־אֵֽל׃ |
But you would even nullify fear And minimize the dignity of colloquy with God. |
dignity of colloquy ← (pious) meditation. |
| Job 15:5 | כִּ֤י יְאַלֵּ֣ף עֲוֺנְךָ֣ פִ֑יךָ וְ֝תִבְחַ֗ר לְשׁ֣וֹן עֲרוּמִֽים׃ |
For your mouth spells out your iniquity, And you choose crafty language. |
spells out: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
crafty language ← a tongue of craftiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 15:6 | יַרְשִֽׁיעֲךָ֣ פִ֣יךָ וְלֹא־אָ֑נִי וּ֝שְׂפָתֶ֗יךָ יַעֲנוּ־בָֽךְ׃ |
Your mouth condemns you – Not I; And your lips testify against you. |
not I ← and not I. |
| Job 15:7 | הֲרִאישׁ֣וֹן אָ֭דָם תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וְלִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתָּ׃ |
Are you the first man to be born? Were you brought forth before the hills? |
|
| Job 15:8 | הַבְס֣וֹד אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּשְׁמָ֑ע וְתִגְרַ֖ע אֵלֶ֣יךָ חָכְמָֽה׃ |
Have you heard the secret counsel of God? Do you reserve wisdom to yourself? |
|
| Job 15:9 | מַה־יָּ֭דַעְתָּ וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע תָּ֝בִ֗ין וְֽלֹא־עִמָּ֥נוּ הֽוּא׃ |
What do you know That we don't know? What do you understand That we are not aware of? |
that we are not aware of ← and (it is) not with us. |
| Job 15:10 | גַּם־שָׂ֣ב גַּם־יָשִׁ֣ישׁ בָּ֑נוּ כַּבִּ֖יר מֵאָבִ֣יךָ יָמִֽים׃ |
Amongst us are the elderly and aged, Older than your father in days. |
|
| Job 15:11 | הַמְעַ֣ט מִ֭מְּךָ תַּנְחֻמ֣וֹת אֵ֑ל וְ֝דָבָ֗ר לָאַ֥ט עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
Are the consolations of God too small a matter for you? And are you indifferent to the matter? |
are you indifferent to the matter ← (is) the matter at ease with you, from root אטט. Alternatively, derive from the verb לָאַט, giving does anything cover (itself) with you, i.e. do you have hidden secrets. |
| Job 15:12 | מַה־יִּקָּחֲךָ֥ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וּֽמַה־יִּרְזְמ֥וּן עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ |
How come your heart is carrying you away? How come your eyes are winking? |
winking: indicative of something underhand. |
| Job 15:13 | כִּֽי־תָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־אֵ֣ל רוּחֶ֑ךָ וְהֹצֵ֖אתָ מִפִּ֣יךָ מִלִּֽין׃ |
For you are turning your spirit against God When you bring such words out of your mouth. |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 15:14 | מָֽה־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ כִּֽי־יִזְכֶּ֑ה וְכִֽי־יִ֝צְדַּ֗ק יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה׃ |
What is man That he should be pure, And that he who is born of a woman Should be just? |
|
| Job 15:15 | הֵ֣ן *בקדשו **בִּ֭קְדֹשָׁיו לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֑ין וְ֝שָׁמַ֗יִם לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ בְעֵינָֽיו׃ |
Behold, he does not put trust in his holy {Q: ones} [K: one], And the heavens are not pure in his sight. |
the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. |
| Job 15:16 | אַ֭ף כִּֽי־נִתְעָ֥ב וְֽנֶאֱלָ֑ח אִישׁ־שֹׁתֶ֖ה כַמַּ֣יִם עַוְלָֽה׃ |
How much less a man abhorred and corrupt – A man who drinks iniquity like water. |
|
| Job 15:17 | אֲחַוְךָ֥ שְֽׁמַֽע־לִ֑י וְזֶֽה־חָ֝זִ֗יתִי וַאֲסַפֵּֽרָה׃ |
I will explain it to you; Listen to me, And I will declare What I have seen |
|
| Job 15:18 | אֲשֶׁר־חֲכָמִ֥ים יַגִּ֑ידוּ וְלֹ֥א כִֽ֝חֲד֗וּ מֵאֲבוֹתָֽם׃ |
– Things which wise men have told of And have not hidden, Handed down from their forefathers. |
forefathers ← fathers. |
| Job 15:19 | לָהֶ֣ם לְ֭בַדָּם נִתְּנָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלֹא־עָ֖בַר זָ֣ר בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ |
To them alone the land was given, And no stranger crossed through their midst. |
|
| Job 15:20 | כָּל־יְמֵ֣י רָ֭שָׁע ה֣וּא מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל וּמִסְפַּ֥ר שָׁ֝נִ֗ים נִצְפְּנ֥וּ לֶעָרִֽיץ׃ |
A wicked person writhes in discomfort all his days, And the number of years of a violent man is hidden. |
a wicked person writhes in discomfort all his days ← in all the days of a wicked (person), he writhes in discomfort. |
| Job 15:21 | קוֹל־פְּחָדִ֥ים בְּאָזְנָ֑יו בַּ֝שָּׁל֗וֹם שׁוֹדֵ֥ד יְבוֹאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
A fearful sound is in his ears; In a peaceful time the plunderer will come upon him. |
a fearful sound ← a sound of fears, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 15:22 | לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ין שׁ֭וּב מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ *וצפו **וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב׃ |
He does not believe he will return from darkness, And he expects To be destined for the sword. |
he expects: (ketiv) ← they expect; avoidance of the passive. The qeré ← it (is) expected. |
| Job 15:23 | נֹ֘דֵ֤ד ה֣וּא לַלֶּ֣חֶם אַיֵּ֑ה יָדַ֓ע ׀ כִּֽי־נָכ֖וֹן בְּיָד֣וֹ יֽוֹם־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
He wanders around looking for where there is food; He knows that the day of darkness is at hand. |
at hand ← ready in his (God's?) hand. |
| Job 15:24 | יְֽ֭בַעֲתֻהוּ צַ֣ר וּמְצוּקָ֑ה תִּ֝תְקְפֵ֗הוּ כְּמֶ֤לֶךְ ׀ עָתִ֬יד לַכִּידֽוֹר׃ |
Adversity and distress terrify him; They prevail over him like a king ready for battle. |
|
| Job 15:25 | כִּֽי־נָטָ֣ה אֶל־אֵ֣ל יָד֑וֹ וְאֶל־שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יִתְגַּבָּֽר׃ |
For he stretches out his hand against God, And he behaves insolently against the Almighty. |
|
| Job 15:26 | יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃ |
He runs headlong against him With thick bosses on his shields. |
he ... against him: i.e. the man ... against God, continuing in the vein of the previous verse. AV differs, taking the sense as God ... against him, as seen by the non-capitalization of him.
headlong ← in the neck. thick bosses ← density of bosses. |
| Job 15:27 | כִּֽי־כִסָּ֣ה פָנָ֣יו בְּחֶלְבּ֑וֹ וַיַּ֖עַשׂ פִּימָ֣ה עֲלֵי־כָֽסֶל׃ |
For he has covered his face with fatness And put on flab around his waist. |
|
| Job 15:28 | וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן ׀ עָ֘רִ֤ים נִכְחָד֗וֹת בָּ֭תִּים לֹא־יֵ֣שְׁבוּ לָ֑מוֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר הִתְעַתְּד֣וּ לְגַלִּֽים׃ |
So he will dwell in desolate cities, Where houses are uninhabitable – Which are on the point of becoming heaps of ruins. |
uninhabitable ← they don't live (there) for themselves. |
| Job 15:29 | לֹֽא־יֶ֭עְשַׁר וְלֹא־יָק֣וּם חֵיל֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִטֶּ֖ה לָאָ֣רֶץ מִנְלָֽם׃ |
He will not become rich, And his wealth will not endure. So riches of such will not increase on earth. |
of such ← of them, but there is no concordant antecedent to them.
increase: AV differs (he shall prolong). |
| Job 15:30 | לֹֽא־יָס֨וּר ׀ מִנִּי־חֹ֗שֶׁךְ יֹֽ֭נַקְתּוֹ תְּיַבֵּ֣שׁ שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת וְ֝יָס֗וּר בְּר֣וּחַ פִּֽיו׃ |
He does not depart from darkness. A flame dries up his sucker, And by the breath of his mouth he is removed. |
dries up: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
sucker: i.e. his last vestige of vitality, from the analogy of the tree in Job 14:7. is removed: qal for passive of hiphil; compare 1 Sam 2:20, Isa 10:34. |
| Job 15:31 | אַל־יַאֲמֵ֣ן *בשו **בַּשָּׁ֣יו נִתְעָ֑ה כִּי־שָׁ֝֗וְא תִּהְיֶ֥ה תְמוּרָתֽוֹ׃ |
Let him who has been deceived not trust in vanity, For vanity will be his recompense. |
in vanity: both ketiv and qeré are variant spellings of בַּשָּׁוְא. |
| Job 15:32 | בְּֽלֹא־י֭וֹמוֹ תִּמָּלֵ֑א וְ֝כִפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רַעֲנָֽנָה׃ |
His time will be fulfilled before it is due, And his branch will not be green. |
it is due ← his day. |
| Job 15:33 | יַחְמֹ֣ס כַּגֶּ֣פֶן בִּסְר֑וֹ וְיַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ כַּ֝זַּ֗יִת נִצָּתֽוֹ׃ |
He will be as a vine that shakes off its unripened grapes And as an olive tree that casts off its blossom, |
The picture is of plants that fail to produce a crop, e.g. because of an unseasonal cold snap. |
| Job 15:34 | כִּֽי־עֲדַ֣ת חָנֵ֣ף גַּלְמ֑וּד וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ אָכְלָ֥ה אָֽהֳלֵי־שֹֽׁחַד׃ |
For the congregation of the profane is fruitless, And fire will consume the tents of the corrupt. |
profane: see Job 8:13.
fruitless ← sterile. corrupt ← bribe. |
| Job 15:35 | הָרֹ֣ה עָ֭מָל וְיָ֣לֹד אָ֑וֶן וּ֝בִטְנָ֗ם תָּכִ֥ין מִרְמָֽה׃ ס |
They conceive sorrow And give birth to worthlessness, And their inner workings prepare deceit.” |
they conceive ... give birth: both an infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. Compare Isa 59:4.
inner workings ← belly or womb. |
| Job 16:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 16:2 | שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי כְאֵ֣לֶּה רַבּ֑וֹת מְנַחֲמֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל כֻּלְּכֶֽם׃ |
“I have heard many arguments like these; You are all wearisome comforters. |
|
| Job 16:3 | הֲקֵ֥ץ לְדִבְרֵי־ר֑וּחַ א֥וֹ מַה־יַּ֝מְרִֽיצְךָ֗ כִּ֣י תַעֲנֶֽה׃ |
Is there an end to vain words? Or what has stimulated you to answer like that? |
vain ← wind. |
| Job 16:4 | גַּ֤ם ׀ אָנֹכִי֮ כָּכֶ֪ם אֲדַ֫בֵּ֥רָה ל֤וּ־יֵ֪שׁ נַפְשְׁכֶ֡ם תַּ֤חַת נַפְשִׁ֗י אַחְבִּ֣ירָה עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בְּמִלִּ֑ים וְאָנִ֥יעָה עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם בְּמ֣וֹ רֹאשִֽׁי׃ |
I too could speak like you, If only your well-being was in place of my predicament. I could heap up words against you, And I could shake my head at you. |
well-being ... predicament ← soul ... soul.
heap up ← join. Perhaps compose. |
| Job 16:5 | אֲאַמִּצְכֶ֥ם בְּמוֹ־פִ֑י וְנִ֖יד שְׂפָתַ֣י יַחְשֹֽׂךְ׃ |
Or I could strengthen you with my speech, Or the utterance of my lips could give you relief. |
speech ← mouth.
utterance ← moving. |
| Job 16:6 | אִֽם־אֲ֭דַבְּרָה לֹא־יֵחָשֵׂ֣ךְ כְּאֵבִ֑י וְ֝אַחְדְּלָ֗ה מַה־מִנִּ֥י יַהֲלֹֽךְ׃ |
But when I speak, My pain is not relieved, And if I forbear, In what way does my pain go away?” |
go away ← go from me. |
| Job 16:7 | אַךְ־עַתָּ֥ה הֶלְאָ֑נִי הֲ֝שִׁמּ֗וֹתָ כָּל־עֲדָתִֽי׃ |
“But even now it is distressing me. You have desolated all my family circle. |
Job speaks to God.
you: singular, referring to God, unless Job has understood Satan's role. family circle ← congregation. |
| Job 16:8 | וַֽ֭תִּקְמְטֵנִי לְעֵ֣ד הָיָ֑ה וַיָּ֥קָם בִּ֥י כַ֝חֲשִׁ֗י בְּפָנַ֥י יַעֲנֶֽה׃ |
And you have made my face wrinkly; It is a witness. And the fact that I have become very lean Testifies to my face.” |
made ... wrinkly: as in the Talmud; or seized.
the fact that I have become very lean ← my leanness has risen on me. |
| Job 16:9 | אַפּ֤וֹ טָרַ֨ף ׀ וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֵ֗נִי חָרַ֣ק עָלַ֣י בְּשִׁנָּ֑יו צָרִ֓י ׀ יִלְט֖וֹשׁ עֵינָ֣יו לִֽי׃ |
“In his wrath he tears me to pieces And persecutes me. He gnashes his teeth against me; My adversary sharpens his eyes against me. |
Job speaks to his friends. |
| Job 16:10 | פָּעֲר֬וּ עָלַ֨י ׀ בְּפִיהֶ֗ם בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה הִכּ֣וּ לְחָיָ֑י יַ֝֗חַד עָלַ֥י יִתְמַלָּאֽוּן׃ |
People gape at me with their mouths; They strike my cheek in reproach. They act completely wantonly. |
act completely wantonly ← altogether fill themselves. |
| Job 16:11 | יַסְגִּירֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל אֶ֣ל עֲוִ֑יל וְעַל־יְדֵ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִרְטֵֽנִי׃ |
God has delivered me to the evil one, And he has thrown me into the hands of the wicked. |
the wicked: plural. |
| Job 16:12 | שָׁ֘לֵ֤ו הָיִ֨יתִי ׀ וַֽיְפַרְפְּרֵ֗נִי וְאָחַ֣ז בְּ֭עָרְפִּי וַֽיְפַצְפְּצֵ֑נִי וַיְקִימֵ֥נִי ל֝֗וֹ לְמַטָּרָֽה׃ |
I was at ease, But he shook me to pieces, And he took me by the scruff of the neck And dashed me to smithereens And set me up as his target. |
me ... the neck ← my neck. |
| Job 16:13 | יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨י ׀ רַבָּ֗יו יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַי וְלֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִי׃ |
His archers surround me; He cleaves my kidneys apart And does not spare. He sheds my gall on the ground. |
|
| Job 16:14 | יִפְרְצֵ֣נִי פֶ֭רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ יָרֻ֖ץ עָלַ֣י כְּגִבּֽוֹר׃ |
He breaks me with rupture upon rupture; He runs at me like a warrior. |
breaks ← ruptures. |
| Job 16:15 | שַׂ֣ק תָּ֭פַרְתִּי עֲלֵ֣י גִלְדִּ֑י וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּי בֶעָפָ֣ר קַרְנִֽי׃ |
I have sewn sackcloth around my skin; I have to roll my dignity in the dust. |
dignity ← horn. |
| Job 16:16 | פָּנַ֣י *חמרמרה **חֳ֭מַרְמְרוּ מִנִּי־בֶ֑כִי וְעַ֖ל עַפְעַפַּ֣י צַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
My face has become inflamed with weeping, And the shadow of death is on my eyelids, |
has become inflamed: the ketiv is singular, which is discordant with the plural word for face. |
| Job 16:17 | עַ֭ל לֹא־חָמָ֣ס בְּכַפָּ֑י וּֽתְפִלָּתִ֥י זַכָּֽה׃ |
Not for any violence on my hands, And my prayer was pure. |
|
| Job 16:18 | אֶ֭רֶץ אַל־תְּכַסִּ֣י דָמִ֑י וְֽאַל־יְהִ֥י מָ֝ק֗וֹם לְזַעֲקָתִֽי׃ |
O earth, do not cover my blood, And let there be no room for my cry. |
|
| Job 16:19 | גַּם־עַ֭תָּה הִנֵּה־בַשָּׁמַ֣יִם עֵדִ֑י וְ֝שָׂהֲדִ֗י בַּמְּרוֹמִֽים׃ |
Even now, behold, my witness is in the heavens, And he who testifies for me is in the high places. |
|
| Job 16:20 | מְלִיצַ֥י רֵעָ֑י אֶל־אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ דָּלְפָ֥ה עֵינִֽי׃ |
Those who mock me are my friends; My eye sheds tears to God |
|
| Job 16:21 | וְיוֹכַ֣ח לְגֶ֣בֶר עִם־אֱל֑וֹהַּ וּֽבֶן־אָדָ֥ם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ |
That someone would plead on behalf of man with God, As a son of Adam pleads on behalf of his friend. |
as: wider use of the vav. |
| Job 16:22 | כִּֽי־שְׁנ֣וֹת מִסְפָּ֣ר יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ וְאֹ֖רַח לֹא־אָשׁ֣וּב אֶהֱלֹֽךְ׃ |
For when a few years have come, I shall go the way From which I will not return.” |
|
| Job 17:1 | רוּחִ֣י חֻ֭בָּלָה יָמַ֥י נִזְעָ֗כוּ קְבָרִ֥ים לִֽי׃ |
“My spirit is broken, My days are extinguished; The graves await me. |
Job speaks to God. |
| Job 17:2 | אִם־לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑י וּ֝בְהַמְּרוֹתָ֗ם תָּלַ֥ן עֵינִֽי׃ |
There are certainly mockers all around me, And my eye has to endure their provocation. |
there are certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
endure ← dwell (on). |
| Job 17:3 | שִֽׂימָה־נָּ֭א עָרְבֵ֣נִי עִמָּ֑ךְ מִֽי ה֝֗וּא לְיָדִ֥י יִתָּקֵֽעַ׃ |
Arrange an agreement, I pray; Pledge yourself on my behalf. Who else is there Who will shake hands with me? |
yourself ← with yourself. |
| Job 17:4 | כִּֽי־לִ֭בָּם צָפַ֣נְתָּ מִּשָּׂ֑כֶל עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן לֹ֣א תְרֹמֵֽם׃ |
For you have hidden understanding from their heart; It being so, you will not exalt them.” |
hidden understanding from their heart ← hidden their heart from understanding.
it being so ← therefore. |
| Job 17:5 | לְ֭חֵלֶק יַגִּ֣יד רֵעִ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י בָנָ֣יו תִּכְלֶֽנָה׃ |
“When a person betrays his friends for a share of spoils, Even his sons' eyes fail in astonishment. |
Job speaks to his friends.
betrays ← tells, i.e. “tells on”. Compare Isa 3:9. betrays ... for a share: AV differs (speaketh flattery). |
| Job 17:6 | וְֽ֭הִצִּגַנִי לִמְשֹׁ֣ל עַמִּ֑ים וְתֹ֖פֶת לְפָנִ֣ים אֶֽהְיֶֽה׃ |
But he has made me a byword of various nations, And I have become one who is spat on. |
one who is spat on ← a spitting to the face. AV differs (a tabret). |
| Job 17:7 | וַתֵּ֣כַהּ מִכַּ֣עַשׂ עֵינִ֑י וִֽיצֻרַ֖י כַּצֵּ֣ל כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
And my eye has grown dim with grief, And all my limbs are as a shadow. |
|
| Job 17:8 | יָשֹׁ֣מּוּ יְשָׁרִ֣ים עַל־זֹ֑את וְ֝נָקִ֗י עַל־חָנֵ֥ף יִתְעֹרָֽר׃ |
The upright will be astonished at this, And the innocent man will be stirred up against the profane. |
profane: see Job 8:13. |
| Job 17:9 | וְיֹאחֵ֣ז צַדִּ֣יק דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּֽטֳהָר־יָ֝דַ֗יִם יֹסִ֥יף אֹֽמֶץ׃ |
But the righteous will hold to his way, And he who is of clean hands will increase in strength. |
|
| Job 17:10 | וְֽאוּלָ֗ם כֻּלָּ֣ם תָּ֭שֻׁבוּ וּבֹ֣אוּ נָ֑א וְלֹֽא־אֶמְצָ֖א בָכֶ֣ם חָכָֽם׃ |
But to all of them I say, ‘Return, and come, I pray, For I do not find a single wise man among you.’ |
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Job 17:11 | יָמַ֣י עָ֭בְרוּ זִמֹּתַ֣י נִתְּק֑וּ מ֖וֹרָשֵׁ֣י לְבָבִֽי׃ |
My days are passing; My plans are dashed, As are the thoughts of my heart. |
thoughts ← possessions. |
| Job 17:12 | לַ֭יְלָה לְי֣וֹם יָשִׂ֑ימוּ א֝֗וֹר קָר֥וֹב מִפְּנֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
They appoint me night for day; The light is short-lived because of darkness. |
|
| Job 17:13 | אִם־אֲ֭קַוֶּה שְׁא֣וֹל בֵּיתִ֑י בַּ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ רִפַּ֥דְתִּי יְצוּעָֽי׃ |
If I have a hope, The underworld is my home. In darkness I will spread my bed. |
underworld: or grave. |
| Job 17:14 | לַשַּׁ֣חַת קָ֭רָאתִי אָ֣בִי אָ֑תָּה אִמִּ֥י וַ֝אֲחֹתִ֗י לָֽרִמָּֽה׃ |
I call out to bodily decay, ‘You are my father’, And to the worm, ‘You are my mother and my sister.’ |
|
| Job 17:15 | וְ֭אַיֵּה אֵפ֣וֹ תִקְוָתִ֑י וְ֝תִקְוָתִ֗י מִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
So where then is my hope? And as for my hope, who will see it? |
|
| Job 17:16 | בַּדֵּ֣י שְׁאֹ֣ל תֵּרַ֑דְנָה אִם־יַ֖חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר נָֽחַת׃ ס |
You will descend by the litter-poles of the underworld When with you I find rest in the dust.” |
you: feminine plural. AV differs (they). Perhaps a reference to the allegorical mother and sister.
underworld: or grave. |
| Job 18:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן בִּלְדַּ֥ד הַשֻּׁחִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said, | |
| Job 18:2 | עַד־אָ֤נָה ׀ תְּשִׂימ֣וּן קִנְצֵ֣י לְמִלִּ֑ין תָּ֝בִ֗ינוּ וְאַחַ֥ר נְדַבֵּֽר׃ |
“How long will it be Before you make an end of such words? First gain understanding, And afterwards, we will speak. |
you make ... gain understanding: plural.
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 18:3 | מַ֭דּוּעַ נֶחְשַׁ֣בְנוּ כַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נִ֝טְמִ֗ינוּ בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ |
Why are we counted as cattle? Why are we defiled in your eyes? |
|
| Job 18:4 | טֹֽרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֗וֹ בְּאַ֫פּ֥וֹ הַ֭לְמַעַנְךָ תֵּעָ֣זַב אָ֑רֶץ וְיֶעְתַּק־צ֝֗וּר מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
You are the one who tears himself apart in his anger. Should the earth be forsaken for your sake? – Or a rock be removed from its place? |
himself ← soul. |
| Job 18:5 | גַּ֤ם א֣וֹר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־יִ֝גַּ֗הּ שְׁבִ֣יב אִשּֽׁוֹ׃ |
Truly, the light of the wicked will be extinguished, And no flame of such a one's fire will shine. |
the light of the wicked will be extinguished: compare Job 21:17.
such a one's ← his. The apparent antecedent, the wicked, is plural. |
| Job 18:6 | א֭וֹר חָשַׁ֣ךְ בְּאָהֳל֑וֹ וְ֝נֵר֗וֹ עָלָ֥יו יִדְעָֽךְ׃ |
Light will become darkness in his tent, And his lamp will be extinguished over him. |
|
| Job 18:7 | יֵֽ֭צְרוּ צַעֲדֵ֣י אוֹנ֑וֹ וְֽתַשְׁלִיכֵ֥הוּ עֲצָתֽוֹ׃ |
His iniquitous steps will be repressed, And his own counsel will cast him down. |
his iniquitous steps ← the steps of his iniquity, a Hebraic genitive, from אָוֶן. Alternatively, from אוֹן, his strong steps. AV differs, taking the alternative. |
| Job 18:8 | כִּֽי־שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּרֶ֣שֶׁת בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וְעַל־שְׂ֝בָכָ֗ה יִתְהַלָּֽךְ׃ |
For he is hurled into a net by his own feet, And he will walk into an entanglement. |
|
| Job 18:9 | יֹאחֵ֣ז בְּעָקֵ֣ב פָּ֑ח יַחֲזֵ֖ק עָלָ֣יו צַמִּֽים׃ |
A snare will seize him by the heel; A noose around him will hold him fast. |
a noose: AV differs (robbers).
around ← on. |
| Job 18:10 | טָמ֣וּן בָּאָ֣רֶץ חַבְל֑וֹ וּ֝מַלְכֻּדְתּ֗וֹ עֲלֵ֣י נָתִֽיב׃ |
The tripwire for him is hidden on the ground, As is a trap for him on the pathway. |
tripwire for him ... trap for him ← his cord ... his trap. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Job 18:11 | סָ֭בִיב בִּֽעֲתֻ֣הוּ בַלָּה֑וֹת וֶהֱפִיצֻ֥הוּ לְרַגְלָֽיו׃ |
Terrors frighten him round about And chase him around at his feet. |
|
| Job 18:12 | יְהִי־רָעֵ֥ב אֹנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֵ֗יד נָכ֥וֹן לְצַלְעֽוֹ׃ |
Let his strength be exhausted And destruction be prepared at his side. |
exhausted ← famished.
at his side: or in his faltering. |
| Job 18:13 | יֹ֭אכַל בַּדֵּ֣י עוֹר֑וֹ יֹאכַ֥ל בַּ֝דָּ֗יו בְּכ֣וֹר מָֽוֶת׃ |
It will consume the fabric of his skin; The firstborn of death will consume his members. |
fabric ... members: the same word in Hebrew, but with both meanings. AV differs (strength ... strength). |
| Job 18:14 | יִנָּתֵ֣ק מֵ֭אָהֳלוֹ מִבְטַח֑וֹ וְ֝תַצְעִדֵ֗הוּ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בַּלָּהֽוֹת׃ |
His confidence will be plucked away from his tent, And you will march him up to the king of terrors. |
you: perhaps an interspersed call on God; alternatively she / it, generalizing, for which supply, e.g., events. |
| Job 18:15 | תִּשְׁכּ֣וֹן בְּ֭אָהֳלוֹ מִבְּלִי־ל֑וֹ יְזֹרֶ֖ה עַל־נָוֵ֣הוּ גָפְרִֽית׃ |
Terror will dwell in his tent Without him being able to do anything about it. Sulphur will be scattered on his home. |
without him: AV differs (none of his). |
| Job 18:16 | מִ֭תַּחַת שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣יו יִבָ֑שׁוּ וּ֝מִמַּ֗עַל יִמַּ֥ל קְצִירֽוֹ׃ |
His roots will dry up below, And his branches will be cut off above. |
branches ← branch, but also collectively harvest. |
| Job 18:17 | זִֽכְרוֹ־אָ֭בַד מִנִּי־אָ֑רֶץ וְלֹא־שֵׁ֥ם ל֝֗וֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חֽוּץ׃ |
The memory of him will perish from the land, And he will have no reputation abroad. |
abroad ← on the face of outside. |
| Job 18:18 | יֶ֭הְדְּפֻהוּ מֵא֣וֹר אֶל־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וּֽמִתֵּבֵ֥ל יְנִדֻּֽהוּ׃ |
He will be driven from light to darkness; He will be chased out of the world. |
he will be driven ... he will be chased ← they will drive him ... they will chase him. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Job 18:19 | לֹ֘א נִ֤ין ל֣וֹ וְלֹא־נֶ֣כֶד בְּעַמּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֥ין שָׂ֝רִ֗יד בִּמְגוּרָֽיו׃ |
He will have no posterity or progeny among his people, And no survivor in his dwellings. |
|
| Job 18:20 | עַל־י֭וֹמוֹ נָשַׁ֣מּוּ אַחֲרֹנִ֑ים וְ֝קַדְמֹנִ֗ים אָ֣חֲזוּ שָֽׂעַר׃ |
Those who come afterwards Will be astonished at his fate, Just as those who come before it Will have taken fright at it. |
fate ← day. |
| Job 18:21 | אַךְ־אֵ֭לֶּה מִשְׁכְּנ֣וֹת עַוָּ֑ל וְ֝זֶ֗ה מְק֣וֹם לֹא־יָדַֽע־אֵֽל׃ ס |
But these are the dwellings of the unjust, And this is the place of him Who does not know God.” |
|
| Job 19:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 19:2 | עַד־אָ֭נָה תּוֹגְי֣וּן נַפְשִׁ֑י וּֽתְדַכְּאוּנַ֥נִי בְמִלִּֽים׃ |
“How long will you afflict my being And crush me with your words? |
being ← soul. |
| Job 19:3 | זֶ֤ה עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּ֭עָמִים תַּכְלִימ֑וּנִי לֹֽא־תֵ֝בֹ֗שׁוּ תַּהְכְּרוּ־לִֽי׃ |
You have put me to shame these ten times And are still not ashamed That you alienate me like this. |
alienate: [AnLx] differs (amaze); [BDB] differs (deal hardly with). The form can be variously explained; we (and AV) take it in any case as cognate with נָכַר. |
| Job 19:4 | וְאַף־אָמְנָ֥ם שָׁגִ֑יתִי אִ֝תִּ֗י תָּלִ֥ין מְשׁוּגָתִֽי׃ |
But even if it were true that I have erred, My sense of error would remain with me. |
|
| Job 19:5 | אִם־אָ֭מְנָם עָלַ֣י תַּגְדִּ֑ילוּ וְתוֹכִ֥יחוּ עָ֝לַ֗י חֶרְפָּתִּֽי׃ |
If you really will act proudly against me, And argue against me on the grounds of my reproachful state, |
|
| Job 19:6 | דְּֽעוּ־אֵ֭פוֹ כִּי־אֱל֣וֹהַּ עִוְּתָ֑נִי וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ עָלַ֥י הִקִּֽיף׃ |
Know that God has overthrown me And has cast his net around me. |
|
| Job 19:7 | הֵ֤ן אֶצְעַ֣ק חָ֭מָס וְלֹ֣א אֵעָנֶ֑ה אֲ֝שַׁוַּ֗ע וְאֵ֣ין מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
Behold, I call out, ‘It is wrong’, But I am not answered. I cry out, But there is no process of judgment. |
|
| Job 19:8 | אָרְחִ֣י גָ֭דַר וְלֹ֣א אֶעֱב֑וֹר וְעַ֥ל נְ֝תִיבוֹתַ֗י חֹ֣שֶׁךְ יָשִֽׂים׃ |
He has fenced in my way So that I cannot pass across, And he has put darkness on my paths. |
so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Job 19:9 | כְּ֭בוֹדִי מֵעָלַ֣י הִפְשִׁ֑יט וַ֝יָּ֗סַר עֲטֶ֣רֶת רֹאשִֽׁי׃ |
He has stripped me of my honour, And he has removed the crown from my head. |
he has stripped me of my honour ← he has stripped my honour from me. |
| Job 19:10 | יִתְּצֵ֣נִי סָ֭בִיב וָאֵלַ֑ךְ וַיַּסַּ֥ע כָּ֝עֵ֗ץ תִּקְוָתִֽי׃ |
He has demolished me all around, And I have melted, And he has removed my hope like a tree. |
melted ← gone, departed, but also melted, as in Ezek 7:17. |
| Job 19:11 | וַיַּ֣חַר עָלַ֣י אַפּ֑וֹ וַיַּחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי ל֣וֹ כְצָרָֽיו׃ |
And he has kindled his wrath against me, And he has considered me as one of his adversaries. |
|
| Job 19:12 | יַ֤חַד ׀ יָ֘בֹ֤אוּ גְדוּדָ֗יו וַיָּסֹ֣לּוּ עָלַ֣י דַּרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּחֲנ֖וּ סָבִ֣יב לְאָהֳלִֽי׃ |
His troops come together And raise up their highway against me And encamp around my tent. |
|
| Job 19:13 | אַ֭חַי מֵעָלַ֣י הִרְחִ֑יק וְ֝יֹדְעַ֗י אַךְ־זָ֥רוּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
He has removed my brothers from me, And my acquaintances are thoroughly estranged from me. |
Compare the verse with Ps 88:9 (Ps 88:8AV), Ps 88:19 (Ps 88:18AV). |
| Job 19:14 | חָדְל֥וּ קְרוֹבָ֑י וּֽמְיֻדָּעַ֥י שְׁכֵחֽוּנִי׃ |
My relatives have disowned me, And my colleagues have forgotten me. |
disowned me ← ceased, discontinued. |
| Job 19:15 | גָּ֘רֵ֤י בֵיתִ֣י וְ֭אַמְהֹתַי לְזָ֣ר תַּחְשְׁבֻ֑נִי נָ֝כְרִ֗י הָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Those who dwell in my house and my handmaids Consider me a stranger; I have become a foreigner in their sight. |
|
| Job 19:16 | לְעַבְדִּ֣י קָ֭רָאתִי וְלֹ֣א יַעֲנֶ֑ה בְּמוֹ־פִ֝֗י אֶתְחַנֶּן־לֽוֹ׃ |
I call my servant, But he does not answer; I implore him with my instructions. |
instructions ← mouth. |
| Job 19:17 | ר֭וּחִֽי זָ֣רָה לְאִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝חַנֹּתִ֗י לִבְנֵ֥י בִטְנִֽי׃ |
My breath is loathsome to my wife, And I am abominable to the sons of my loins. |
abominable: AV differs (entreated). [BDB]= to be loathsome. The usual meaning is to be gracious.
loins ← belly. |
| Job 19:18 | גַּם־עֲ֭וִילִים מָ֣אֲסוּ בִ֑י אָ֝ק֗וּמָה וַיְדַבְּרוּ־בִֽי׃ |
Even young children reject me; When I appear, They jeer at me. |
appear ← rise.
jeer at ← speak against. |
| Job 19:19 | תִּֽ֭עֲבוּנִי כָּל־מְתֵ֣י סוֹדִ֑י וְזֶֽה־אָ֝הַ֗בְתִּי נֶהְפְּכוּ־בִֽי׃ |
All the members of my secret counsel abhor me, And they whom I loved have turned against me. |
members ← men. |
| Job 19:20 | בְּעוֹרִ֣י וּ֭בִבְשָׂרִי דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑י וָ֝אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗ה בְּע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי׃ |
My bones cleave to my skin and flesh, And I survive by the skin of my teeth. |
bones ← bone. Collective usage; compare Ps 102:6 (Ps 102:5AV).
survive ← escape. |
| Job 19:21 | חָנֻּ֬נִי חָנֻּ֣נִי אַתֶּ֣ם רֵעָ֑י כִּ֥י יַד־אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ נָ֣גְעָה בִּֽי׃ |
Have pity on me, Have pity on me, my friends, For the hand of God has struck me. |
|
| Job 19:22 | לָ֭מָּה תִּרְדְּפֻ֣נִי כְמוֹ־אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִבְּשָׂרִ֗י לֹ֣א תִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃ |
Why do you persecute me like God, And why are you not satisfied with the state of my flesh? |
|
| Job 19:23 | מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן אֵ֭פוֹ וְיִכָּתְב֣וּן מִלָּ֑י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֖ן בַּסֵּ֣פֶר וְיֻחָֽקוּ׃ |
If only my words could be written down now; If only they could be inscribed in a book. |
if only (2x) ← who will give, followed by a vav prefixing the subsequent verb. |
| Job 19:24 | בְּעֵט־בַּרְזֶ֥ל וְעֹפָ֑רֶת לָ֝עַ֗ד בַּצּ֥וּר יֵחָצְבֽוּן׃ |
If only they could be engraved in rock in perpetuity, With an iron stylus, and lead filled. |
engraved ← hewn. |
| Job 19:25 | וַאֲנִ֣י יָ֭דַעְתִּי גֹּ֣אֲלִי חָ֑י וְ֝אַחֲר֗וֹן עַל־עָפָ֥ר יָקֽוּם׃ |
But I know that my redeemer lives, And that in the end time he will appear on earth, |
appear ← rise. Compare Job 19:18.
earth ← dust. |
| Job 19:26 | וְאַחַ֣ר ע֭וֹרִֽי נִקְּפוּ־זֹ֑את וּ֝מִבְּשָׂרִ֗י אֶֽחֱזֶ֥ה אֱלֽוֹהַּ׃ |
And that after my skin has been destroyed like this, I will in my flesh yet behold God, |
my skin has been destroyed ← they have destroyed my skin. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Job 19:27 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִ֨י ׀ אֶֽחֱזֶה־לִּ֗י וְעֵינַ֣י רָא֣וּ וְלֹא־זָ֑ר כָּל֖וּ כִלְיֹתַ֣י בְּחֵקִֽי׃ |
Whom I shall behold for myself, And my eyes will see one Who is not a stranger, For whom my heart pines deeply. |
heart pines deeply ← kidneys waste in my bosom. The kidneys represent inward feelings; compare Jer 11:20. AV differs (... be consumed). |
| Job 19:28 | כִּ֣י תֹ֭אמְרוּ מַה־נִּרְדָּף־ל֑וֹ וְשֹׁ֥רֶשׁ דָּ֝בָ֗ר נִמְצָא־בִֽי׃ |
For will you say, ‘Why did we persecute him?’ Is the root of the matter to be found in me? |
|
| Job 19:29 | גּ֤וּרוּ לָכֶ֨ם ׀ מִפְּנֵי־חֶ֗רֶב כִּֽי־חֵ֭מָה עֲוֺנ֣וֹת חָ֑רֶב לְמַ֖עַן תֵּדְע֣וּן *שדין **שַׁדּֽוּן׃ ס |
Fear the sword, For the punishments of the sword are full of fury, In order that you may know that there is justice.” |
justice: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré.
fear ← fear for yourselves. punishments ← iniquities, from which punishments for iniquities. AV differs somewhat, mid verse (for wrath bringeth the punishments of the sword). |
| Job 20:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן צֹפַ֥ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Zophar the Naamathite answered and said, | |
| Job 20:2 | לָ֭כֵן שְׂעִפַּ֣י יְשִׁיב֑וּנִי וּ֝בַעֲב֗וּר ח֣וּשִׁי בִֽי׃ |
“This is why my thoughts prompt me to answer, And why I am hasty in doing so. |
why I am hasty ← for the sake of my hastening in me. |
| Job 20:3 | מוּסַ֣ר כְּלִמָּתִ֣י אֶשְׁמָ֑ע וְ֝ר֗וּחַ מִֽבִּינָתִ֥י יַעֲנֵֽנִי׃ |
I hear correction of my supposedly shameful stance, And my discerning spirit gives me an answer. |
my supposedly shameful stance ← my shame.
my discerning spirit ← the spirit out of my understanding. |
| Job 20:4 | הֲזֹ֣את יָ֭דַעְתָּ מִנִּי־עַ֑ד מִנִּ֤י שִׂ֖ים אָדָ֣ם עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Do you not know this, Known of olden time, Since man was placed on the earth, |
man was placed ← the placing of man. |
| Job 20:5 | כִּ֤י רִנְנַ֣ת רְ֭שָׁעִים מִקָּר֑וֹב וְשִׂמְחַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף עֲדֵי־רָֽגַע׃ |
That the rejoicing of the wicked is of short duration, And the happiness of the profane is but for a moment? |
profane: see Job 8:13. |
| Job 20:6 | אִם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה לַשָּׁמַ֣יִם שִׂיא֑וֹ וְ֝רֹאשׁ֗וֹ לָעָ֥ב יַגִּֽיעַ׃ |
Even if his exaltation goes up to heaven, And his head reaches to the clouds, |
clouds ← cloud. |
| Job 20:7 | כְּֽ֭גֶלֲלוֹ לָנֶ֣צַח יֹאבֵ֑ד רֹ֝אָ֗יו יֹאמְר֥וּ אַיּֽוֹ׃ |
He will perish in perpetuity like his dung. Those who have seen him will say, ‘Where is he?’ |
|
| Job 20:8 | כַּחֲל֣וֹם יָ֭עוּף וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָא֑וּהוּ וְ֝יֻדַּ֗ד כְּחֶזְי֥וֹן לָֽיְלָה׃ |
He will fly away like a dream And will not be found, And he will be driven away like a nightly vision. |
will not be found ← they will not find him. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Job 20:9 | עַ֣יִן שְׁ֭זָפַתּוּ וְלֹ֣א תוֹסִ֑יף וְלֹא־ע֝֗וֹד תְּשׁוּרֶ֥נּוּ מְקוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
An eye may have seen him, But it will do so no more, And his home place will no longer welcome him. |
welcome ← see. |
| Job 20:10 | בָּ֭נָיו יְרַצּ֣וּ דַלִּ֑ים וְ֝יָדָ֗יו תָּשֵׁ֥בְנָה אוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
His sons will satisfy the poor, And his own hands will repay his wealth. |
satisfy: i.e. compensate here.
his wealth: AV differs (their goods). |
| Job 20:11 | עַ֭צְמוֹתָיו מָלְא֣וּ *עלומו **עֲלוּמָ֑יו וְ֝עִמּ֗וֹ עַל־עָפָ֥ר תִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ |
While his bones are still full of youthful vigour, Each will lie down in the dust with him. |
youthful vigour ← his youthful vigour. The ketiv is a singular word; the qeré plural, with the same meaning. |
| Job 20:12 | אִם־תַּמְתִּ֣יק בְּפִ֣יו רָעָ֑ה יַ֝כְחִידֶ֗נָּה תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנֽוֹ׃ |
Although wickedness is sweet in the mouth, And he keeps it hidden under his tongue, |
|
| Job 20:13 | יַחְמֹ֣ל עָ֭לֶיהָ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֑נָּה וְ֝יִמְנָעֶ֗נָּה בְּת֣וֹךְ חִכּֽוֹ׃ |
Keeping it and not letting it go, And retaining it in his mouth, |
mouth ← palate. |
| Job 20:14 | לַ֭חְמוֹ בְּמֵעָ֣יו נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ מְרוֹרַ֖ת פְּתָנִ֣ים בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ |
His food will change in his bowels; There will be adders' venom in his innards. |
|
| Job 20:15 | חַ֣יִל בָּ֭לַע וַיְקִאֶ֑נּוּ מִ֝בִּטְנ֗וֹ יוֹרִשֶׁ֥נּוּ אֵֽל׃ |
He has swallowed down riches And will vomit them up again; God will drive them out of his stomach. |
|
| Job 20:16 | רֹאשׁ־פְּתָנִ֥ים יִינָ֑ק תַּֽ֝הַרְגֵ֗הוּ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֶפְעֶֽה׃ |
He will suck adders' poison; The tongue of the viper will kill him. |
|
| Job 20:17 | אַל־יֵ֥רֶא בִפְלַגּ֑וֹת נַהֲרֵ֥י נַ֝חֲלֵ֗י דְּבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָֽה׃ |
May he not see streams – The rivers and brooks of honey and butter. |
|
| Job 20:18 | מֵשִׁ֣יב יָ֭גָע וְלֹ֣א יִבְלָ֑ע כְּחֵ֥יל תְּ֝מוּרָת֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲלֹֽס׃ |
He will repay what is owed for his toil And will not swallow it up. According to his wealth, his debt of restitution will be, And he will not rejoice in it, |
his debt of restitution: a subjective genitive (he restitutes). |
| Job 20:19 | כִּֽי־רִ֭צַּץ עָזַ֣ב דַּלִּ֑ים בַּ֥יִת גָּ֝זַ֗ל וְלֹ֣א יִבֶנֵֽהוּ׃ |
Because he crushed and abandoned the poor; He seized a house Which he did not build, |
|
| Job 20:20 | כִּ֤י ׀ לֹא־יָדַ֣ע שָׁלֵ֣ו בְּבִטְנ֑וֹ בַּ֝חֲמוּד֗וֹ לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּֽט׃ |
And because he was never content inwardly, Nor did he ever let a desirable object escape him. |
was never content inwardly ← did not know quiet / prosperity in his belly, through envy.
a desirable object ← in (matters of) an object of his desire. AV differs in the second half of the verse. |
| Job 20:21 | אֵין־שָׂרִ֥יד לְאָכְל֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן לֹא־יָחִ֥יל טוּבֽוֹ׃ |
There is nothing that escapes his voracity, Which is why his well-being will not last. |
escapes ← is a survivor of. |
| Job 20:22 | בִּמְלֹ֣אות שִׂ֭פְקוֹ יֵ֣צֶר ל֑וֹ כָּל־יַ֖ד עָמֵ֣ל תְּבוֹאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
In satisfying his greed, He enters into straits. Every distressing force shall come upon him. |
in satisfying his greed ← to fulfil his abundance. Gerundial use of the infinitive.
he enters into straits ← it is narrow to him. force ← hand. |
| Job 20:23 | יְהִ֤י ׀ לְמַלֵּ֬א בִטְנ֗וֹ יְֽשַׁלַּח־בּ֭וֹ חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ וְיַמְטֵ֥ר עָ֝לֵ֗ימוֹ בִּלְחוּמֽוֹ׃ |
When he is about to fill his belly, God will send his furious anger on him, And he will rain it on him during his meal. |
his furious anger ← the fury of his anger, which we have translated as a reverse Hebraic genitive.
on him ← on them, but the ending could be argued to be singular; compare [Ges-HG] §103f note 3 and Job 22:2 and Job 27:23. during his meal ← in his eating. [CB] interprets as punishment. [BDB] suggests bowels. |
| Job 20:24 | יִ֭בְרַח מִנֵּ֣שֶׁק בַּרְזֶ֑ל תַּ֝חְלְפֵ֗הוּ קֶ֣שֶׁת נְחוּשָֽׁה׃ |
He may flee from iron weaponry, But the copper bow will pierce him through. |
bow: standing for the arrows shot by it. Metonymy of propelling instrument. |
| Job 20:25 | שָׁלַף֮ וַיֵּצֵ֪א מִגֵּ֫וָ֥ה וּ֭בָרָק מִֽמְּרֹרָת֥וֹ יַהֲלֹ֗ךְ עָלָ֥יו אֵמִֽים׃ |
And if one extract the arrow, And it comes out of his back, Or the blade comes out from his entrails, Then terrors still await him. |
blade ← glittering; lightning.
entrails ← gall, but the word probably has wider scope here. |
| Job 20:26 | כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן לִצְפּ֫וּנָ֥יו תְּ֭אָכְלֵהוּ אֵ֣שׁ לֹֽא־נֻפָּ֑ח יֵ֖רַע שָׂרִ֣יד בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃ |
All darkness is reserved for his hidden treasures; A fire not blown with bellows will devour him. Any survivor in his tent will fare badly. |
|
| Job 20:27 | יְגַלּ֣וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם עֲוֺנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֶ֗רֶץ מִתְקוֹמָ֘מָ֥ה לֽוֹ׃ |
The heavens will reveal his iniquity, And the earth will rise up against him. |
|
| Job 20:28 | יִ֭גֶל יְב֣וּל בֵּית֑וֹ נִ֝גָּר֗וֹת בְּי֣וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃ |
The produce of his household will be taken away, And various things will be poured out On the day of his wrath. |
will be taken away ← will go into exile, or will be exposed. |
| Job 20:29 | זֶ֤ה ׀ חֵֽלֶק־אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע מֵאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְנַחֲלַ֖ת אִמְר֣וֹ מֵאֵֽל׃ פ |
This is the fate of the wicked man from God, And his appointed inheritance from God.” |
fate ← portion.
his appointed inheritance ← the inheritance of his appointment, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 21:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 21:2 | שִׁמְע֣וּ שָׁ֭מוֹעַ מִלָּתִ֑י וּתְהִי־זֹ֝֗את תַּנְח֥וּמֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ |
“Listen carefully to my words, And let this be your consolation. |
listen carefully: infinitive absolute.
words ← word; discourse. consolation ← consolations. |
| Job 21:3 | שָׂ֭אוּנִי וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְאַחַ֖ר דַּבְּרִ֣י תַלְעִֽיג׃ |
Bear with me, and I will speak, And after my words, you can mock. |
|
| Job 21:4 | הֶ֭אָנֹכִי לְאָדָ֣ם שִׂיחִ֑י וְאִם־מַ֝דּ֗וּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַ֥ר רוּחִֽי׃ |
Is my complaint made to man? And if so, why should I not be impatient? |
why should I not be impatient ← why should my spirit not be short. |
| Job 21:5 | פְּנוּ־אֵלַ֥י וְהָשַׁ֑מּוּ וְשִׂ֖ימוּ יָ֣ד עַל־פֶּֽה׃ |
Turn towards me and be astonished, And put your hand over your mouth. |
be astonished: a rare hophal imperative. See Jer 49:8. |
| Job 21:6 | וְאִם־זָכַ֥רְתִּי וְנִבְהָ֑לְתִּי וְאָחַ֥ז בְּ֝שָׂרִ֗י פַּלָּצֽוּת׃ |
If I remember it, I am terrified, And fear takes hold of my body. |
fear takes hold of my body ← my flesh takes hold of fear. |
| Job 21:7 | מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ גַּם־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל׃ |
Why do the wicked live And grow old, And even increase their power? |
power: or wealth. |
| Job 21:8 | זַרְעָ֤ם נָכ֣וֹן לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם עִמָּ֑ם וְ֝צֶאֱצָאֵיהֶ֗ם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Their seed is established with them in their presence, And their progeny in their sight. |
|
| Job 21:9 | בָּתֵּיהֶ֣ם שָׁל֣וֹם מִפָּ֑חַד וְלֹ֤א שֵׁ֖בֶט אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Their houses are free of fear, But there is no rule of God over them. |
free of ← safe from.
rule ← rod; sceptre. |
| Job 21:10 | שׁוֹר֣וֹ עִ֭בַּר וְלֹ֣א יַגְעִ֑ל תְּפַלֵּ֥ט פָּ֝רָת֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א תְשַׁכֵּֽל׃ |
His ox procreates And is not infertile; His cow calves And does not miscarry. |
ox: here, a bull probably trained as a draft animal, but not castrated, so also used for breeding.
calves ← is delivered. |
| Job 21:11 | יְשַׁלְּח֣וּ כַ֭צֹּאן עֲוִילֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝יַלְדֵיהֶ֗ם יְרַקֵּדֽוּן׃ |
They let their little ones frolic like lambs, And their children dance around. |
let ... frolic ← send (out to play). |
| Job 21:12 | יִ֭שְׂאוּ כְּתֹ֣ף וְכִנּ֑וֹר וְ֝יִשְׂמְח֗וּ לְק֣וֹל עוּגָֽב׃ |
They lift up their spirits with drum and harp, And they rejoice to the sound of the flute. |
with drum ← according to the drum. |
| Job 21:13 | *יבלו **יְכַלּ֣וּ בַטּ֣וֹב יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בְרֶ֗גַע שְׁא֣וֹל יֵחָֽתּוּ׃ |
They {K: spend} [Q: end] their days in well-being, But in a moment they descend to the underworld. |
underworld: or grave. |
| Job 21:14 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לָ֭אֵל ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְדַ֥עַת דְּ֝רָכֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א חָפָֽצְנוּ׃ |
Yet they say to God, ‘Depart from us’, And, ‘We do not take pleasure in knowledge of your ways. |
|
| Job 21:15 | מַה־שַׁדַּ֥י כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ וּמַה־נּ֝וֹעִ֗יל כִּ֣י נִפְגַּע־בּֽוֹ׃ |
Who is the Almighty, That we should serve him, And in what way are we profited, That we entreat him?’ |
|
| Job 21:16 | הֵ֤ן לֹ֣א בְיָדָ֣ם טוּבָ֑ם עֲצַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים רָ֣חֲקָה מֶֽנִּי׃ |
Behold, their well-being is not under their control. The conduct of the wicked is far from me. |
under their control ← in their hand.
conduct ← counsel; purpose. |
| Job 21:17 | כַּמָּ֤ה ׀ נֵר־רְשָׁ֘עִ֤ים יִדְעָ֗ךְ וְיָבֹ֣א עָלֵ֣ימוֹ אֵידָ֑ם חֲ֝בָלִ֗ים יְחַלֵּ֥ק בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃ |
But you say, ‘How often the lamp of the wicked is extinguished, And how often their downfall comes upon them! He apportions them agony in his anger. |
how often the lamp of the wicked is extinguished: compare Job 18:5.
agony ← writhings. Job quotes Zophar's arguments of extended ↴ |
| Job 21:18 | יִהְי֗וּ כְּתֶ֥בֶן לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ וּ֝כְמֹ֗ץ גְּנָבַ֥תּוּ סוּפָֽה׃ |
They will be as straw in the wind, And as chaff which the storm carries away. |
↳ punishment of the wicked in their lifetime up to verse 21.
carries ← steals. |
| Job 21:19 | אֱל֗וֹהַּ יִצְפֹּן־לְבָנָ֥יו אוֹנ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם אֵלָ֣יו וְיֵדָֽע׃ |
God reserves his punishment for the man's iniquity for his sons; He retributes him, And he knows it. |
|
| Job 21:20 | יִרְא֣וּ *עינו **עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑וֹ וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ |
His eyes will see his demise, And he will drink from the wrath of the Almighty. |
eyes: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, the ketiv is singular and discordant with the verb. |
| Job 21:21 | כִּ֤י מַה־חֶפְצ֣וֹ בְּבֵית֣וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו וּמִסְפַּ֖ר חֳדָשָׁ֣יו חֻצָּֽצוּ׃ |
For what pleasure does he leave in his house after him When the number of his months is cut in half?’ |
|
| Job 21:22 | הַלְאֵ֥ל יְלַמֶּד־דָּ֑עַת וְ֝ה֗וּא רָמִ֥ים יִשְׁפּֽוֹט׃ |
Can anyone teach God knowledge? Or will he judge those on high? |
|
| Job 21:23 | זֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּעֶ֣צֶם תֻּמּ֑וֹ כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹ שַׁלְאֲנַ֥ן וְשָׁלֵֽיו׃ |
One dies in the prime of his strength When he is entirely at ease and comfortable. |
prime of his strength ← bone / body (consonantally also strength) of his completeness.
one: part of one ... another, balanced in verse 25. |
| Job 21:24 | עֲ֭טִינָיו מָלְא֣וּ חָלָ֑ב וּמֹ֖חַ עַצְמוֹתָ֣יו יְשֻׁקֶּֽה׃ |
His bottles are full of milk, And the marrow of his bones is well-nourished. |
bottles: AV differs (breasts), i.e. as NH, his cows' udders.
well-nourished ← given drink / refreshed. |
| Job 21:25 | וְזֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ מָרָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־אָ֝כַ֗ל בַּטּוֹבָֽה׃ |
Another dies with bitter feelings And does not partake of the goodness. |
another: see Job 21:23.
with bitter feelings ← in a bitter soul. partake of ← eat in. |
| Job 21:26 | יַ֭חַד עַל־עָפָ֣ר יִשְׁכָּ֑בוּ וְ֝רִמָּ֗ה תְּכַסֶּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Together in the dust they lie And the worm covers them both. |
|
| Job 21:27 | הֵ֣ן יָ֭דַעְתִּי מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וּ֝מְזִמּ֗וֹת עָלַ֥י תַּחְמֹֽסוּ׃ |
Behold, I know your thoughts And your devices, Which do violence to me. |
|
| Job 21:28 | כִּ֤י תֹֽאמְר֗וּ אַיֵּ֥ה בֵית־נָדִ֑יב וְ֝אַיֵּ֗ה אֹ֤הֶל ׀ מִשְׁכְּנ֬וֹת רְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
For you say, ‘Where is the noble's house?’ And, ‘Where is the tent of the dwellings of the wicked?’ |
|
| Job 21:29 | הֲלֹ֣א שְׁ֭אֶלְתֶּם ע֣וֹבְרֵי דָ֑רֶךְ וְ֝אֹתֹתָ֗ם לֹ֣א תְנַכֵּֽרוּ׃ |
Have you not asked the passers-by? Do you not recognize their writing? |
passers-by ← crossers of the way.
writing ← signs; letters. |
| Job 21:30 | כִּ֤י לְי֣וֹם אֵ֭יד יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ רָ֑ע לְי֖וֹם עֲבָר֣וֹת יוּבָֽלוּ׃ |
They say, ‘For the wicked man is reserved to the day of calamity; They will be led to the day of wrath.’ |
|
| Job 21:31 | מִֽי־יַגִּ֣יד עַל־פָּנָ֣יו דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וְהֽוּא־עָ֝שָׂ֗ה מִ֣י יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃ |
Who will tell him his way to his face? And who will repay him for what he has done? |
|
| Job 21:32 | וְ֭הוּא לִקְבָר֣וֹת יוּבָ֑ל וְֽעַל־גָּדִ֥ישׁ יִשְׁקֽוֹד׃ |
So he will be led to the burial places, And he will take his place in his sepulchral mound. |
take his place: or lie, usually of lying in wait; or guarding. |
| Job 21:33 | מָֽתְקוּ־ל֗וֹ רִגְבֵ֫י נָ֥חַל וְ֭אַחֲרָיו כָּל־אָדָ֣ם יִמְשׁ֑וֹךְ וּ֝לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
The covering of turf from the brook will be sweet to him. And every man after him will face the same fate, As have countless before him, |
be sweet to him: or, perhaps, will find him sweet (despite לְ for direct object). Compare Job 24:20, where worms find the dead bodies of sinners sweet.
will face the same fate ← will continue (the process). |
| Job 21:34 | וְ֭אֵיךְ תְּנַחֲמ֣וּנִי הָ֑בֶל וּ֝תְשֽׁוּבֹתֵיכֶ֗ם נִשְׁאַר־מָֽעַל׃ ס |
So how can you comfort me with vanity, And with answers in which treachery remains?” |
|
| Job 22:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן אֱלִיפַ֥ז הַֽתֵּמָנִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, | |
| Job 22:2 | הַלְאֵ֥ל יִסְכָּן־גָּ֑בֶר כִּֽי־יִסְכֹּ֖ן עָלֵ֣ימוֹ מַשְׂכִּֽיל׃ |
“Is a man profitable to God? For a prudent man is profitable to himself. |
to himself ← to them, but see Job 20:23. |
| Job 22:3 | הַחֵ֣פֶץ לְ֭שַׁדַּי כִּ֣י תִצְדָּ֑ק וְאִם־בֶּ֝֗צַע כִּֽי־תַתֵּ֥ם דְּרָכֶֽיךָ׃ |
Is it a matter of delight to the Almighty If you are righteous? Or is it gain to him That you act with integrity in your ways? |
|
| Job 22:4 | הֲֽ֭מִיִּרְאָ֣תְךָ יֹכִיחֶ֑ךָ יָב֥וֹא עִ֝מְּךָ֗ בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
Will he contend with you for fear of you? Will he enter with you into a judicial process? |
|
| Job 22:5 | הֲלֹ֣א רָעָֽתְךָ֣ רַבָּ֑ה וְאֵֽין־קֵ֝֗ץ לַעֲוֺנֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Is not your wickedness great? And is there no end to your iniquities? |
|
| Job 22:6 | כִּֽי־תַחְבֹּ֣ל אַחֶ֣יךָ חִנָּ֑ם וּבִגְדֵ֖י עֲרוּמִּ֣ים תַּפְשִֽׁיט׃ |
– Whether you bind your brothers by a pledge gratuitously, Or strip off the clothes of those you leave naked, |
brothers: AV differs (brother). |
| Job 22:7 | לֹא־מַ֭יִם עָיֵ֣ף תַּשְׁקֶ֑ה וּ֝מֵרָעֵ֗ב תִּֽמְנַֽע־לָֽחֶם׃ |
Or you don't give the weary water to drink, Or you withhold bread from the hungry? |
|
| Job 22:8 | וְאִ֣ישׁ זְ֭רוֹעַ ל֣וֹ הָאָ֑רֶץ וּנְשׂ֥וּא פָ֝נִ֗ים יֵ֣שֶׁב בָּֽהּ׃ |
Or you may be of those who say, ‘The earth belongs to the powerful man’, And, ‘Let him who is of elevated station dwell in it.’ |
the powerful man ← the man of an arm.
of elevated station ← elevated of face, suggesting having benefited from partiality. |
| Job 22:9 | אַ֭לְמָנוֹת שִׁלַּ֣חְתָּ רֵיקָ֑ם וּזְרֹע֖וֹת יְתֹמִ֣ים יְדֻכָּֽא׃ |
You may have sent away widows empty-handed And stood by when the arms of orphans were crushed. |
|
| Job 22:10 | עַל־כֵּ֭ן סְבִיבוֹתֶ֣יךָ פַחִ֑ים וִֽ֝יבַהֶלְךָ פַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹֽם׃ |
That is why there are snares all around you, And fear suddenly grips you, |
grips ← terrifies. |
| Job 22:11 | אוֹ־חֹ֥שֶׁךְ לֹֽא־תִרְאֶ֑ה וְֽשִׁפְעַת־מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ׃ |
Or darkness so that you can't see anything, Or a flood of water which will cover you. |
or a flood: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Job 22:12 | הֲֽלֹא־אֱ֭לוֹהַּ גֹּ֣בַהּ שָׁמָ֑יִם וּרְאֵ֤ה רֹ֖אשׁ כּוֹכָבִ֣ים כִּי־רָֽמּוּ׃ |
Is not God in the height of the heavens? For see how high the foremost stars are. |
for: causal use of the vav.
see how high the foremost stars are ← see the foremost stars, that they are high. Prolepsis, especially typical of Aramaic. |
| Job 22:13 | וְֽ֭אָמַרְתָּ מַה־יָּ֣דַֽע אֵ֑ל הַבְעַ֖ד עֲרָפֶ֣ל יִשְׁפּֽוֹט׃ |
And you may have said, ‘What does God know? Can he judge through dark clouds? |
|
| Job 22:14 | עָבִ֣ים סֵֽתֶר־ל֭וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֑ה וְח֥וּג שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יִתְהַלָּֽךְ׃ |
Thick clouds are his secret covering, And he cannot see, And he walks round in the circuit of heaven.’ |
|
| Job 22:15 | הַאֹ֣רַח עוֹלָ֣ם תִּשְׁמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר דָּרְכ֣וּ מְתֵי־אָֽוֶן׃ |
Have you observed the age-old path Which vain men have trodden? |
observed: or kept. |
| Job 22:16 | אֲשֶֽׁר־קֻמְּט֥וּ וְלֹא־עֵ֑ת נָ֝הָ֗ר יוּצַ֥ק יְסוֹדָֽם׃ |
They become wrinkly before their time; A river is spilled over their foundation. |
become wrinkly: compare Job 16:8. AV differs (were cut down), as do [AnLx] (be taken away), and [BDB] (be snatched). |
| Job 22:17 | הָאֹמְרִ֣ים לָ֭אֵל ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וּמַה־יִּפְעַ֖ל שַׁדַּ֣י לָֽמוֹ׃ |
They say to God, ‘Depart from us’, And ask how the Almighty can profit them. |
These are Job's words in Job 21:14 - 15. |
| Job 22:18 | וְה֤וּא מִלֵּ֣א בָתֵּיהֶ֣ם ט֑וֹב וַעֲצַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים רָ֣חֲקָה מֶֽנִּי׃ |
Yet he filled their houses with good things. So the counsel of the wicked is far from me. |
|
| Job 22:19 | יִרְא֣וּ צַדִּיקִ֣ים וְיִשְׂמָ֑חוּ וְ֝נָקִ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ׃ |
The righteous will see their downfall and rejoice, And the innocent man will mock them |
|
| Job 22:20 | אִם־לֹ֣א נִכְחַ֣ד קִימָ֑נוּ וְ֝יִתְרָ֗ם אָ֣כְלָה אֵֽשׁ׃ |
And say, ‘Our adversary will certainly be obliterated, And fire will consume their remnant.’ |
adversary: AV differs (substance). The form is similar to the ketiv of Jer 48:44.
will certainly be obliterated: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Job 22:21 | הַסְכֶּן־נָ֣א עִמּ֑וֹ וּשְׁלם בָּ֝הֶ֗ם תְּֽבוֹאַתְךָ֥ טוֹבָֽה׃ |
Become familiar, I pray, with him, And be at peace with them, And your future will be good. |
with them: perhaps generalizing (with others). AV differs, omitting the word, as does [CB].
your future will be good: or goodwill come (upon) you. |
| Job 22:22 | קַח־נָ֣א מִפִּ֣יו תּוֹרָ֑ה וְשִׂ֥ים אֲ֝מָרָ֗יו בִּלְבָבֶֽךָ׃ |
Receive, I pray, the law from what he says, And put his declarations in your heart. |
what he says ← his mouth. |
| Job 22:23 | אִם־תָּשׁ֣וּב עַד־שַׁ֭דַּי תִּבָּנֶ֑ה תַּרְחִ֥יק עַ֝וְלָ֗ה מֵאָהֳלֶֽךָ׃ |
If you return to the Almighty, You will be built up. So remove iniquity from your tent, |
|
| Job 22:24 | וְשִׁית־עַל־עָפָ֥ר בָּ֑צֶר וּבְצ֖וּר נְחָלִ֣ים אוֹפִֽיר׃ |
And cast your fine gold on the dust, And your Ophir gold on a torrent boulder, |
and cast your fine gold on the dust: AV differs (then shalt thou lay up gold as dust). Compare Ex 32:20. A similar issue with the second part of the verse. |
| Job 22:25 | וְהָיָ֣ה שַׁדַּ֣י בְּצָרֶ֑יךָ וְכֶ֖סֶף תּוֹעָפ֣וֹת לָֽךְ׃ |
And the Almighty will be your fine gold And your silver treasure. |
|
| Job 22:26 | כִּי־אָ֭ז עַל־שַׁדַּ֣י תִּתְעַנָּ֑ג וְתִשָּׂ֖א אֶל־אֱל֣וֹהַּ פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ |
For then you will delight in the Almighty, And you will lift up your face to God. |
|
| Job 22:27 | תַּעְתִּ֣יר אֵ֭לָיו וְיִשְׁמָעֶ֑ךָּ וּנְדָרֶ֥יךָ תְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
You will entreat him, And he will hear you, And you will fulfil your vows. |
|
| Job 22:28 | וְֽתִגְזַר־א֭וֹמֶר וְיָ֣קָם לָ֑ךְ וְעַל־דְּ֝רָכֶ֗יךָ נָ֣גַֽהּ אֽוֹר׃ |
And you will make a declaration Which will hold good for you, And light will shine on your ways. |
|
| Job 22:29 | כִּֽי־הִ֭שְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה וְשַׁ֖ח עֵינַ֣יִם יוֹשִֽׁעַ׃ |
When others are brought low, You will say, ‘Such is the consequence of pride, But he saves the humble.’ |
others are brought low ← they bring low. Avoidance of the passive.
pride: AV differs (there is lifting up). humble ← low of eyes. |
| Job 22:30 | יְֽמַלֵּ֥ט אִֽי־נָקִ֑י וְ֝נִמְלַ֗ט בְּבֹ֣ר כַּפֶּֽיךָ׃ פ |
He delivers the estate of the innocent, And deliverance comes through the cleanness of your hands.” |
estate ← island; coastland. [AnLx] and [BDB] have not, but this does not match Eliphaz's stance.
deliverance comes ← he / one is delivered. |
| Job 23:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 23:2 | גַּם־הַ֭יּוֹם מְרִ֣י שִׂחִ֑י יָ֝דִ֗י כָּבְדָ֥ה עַל־אַנְחָתִֽי׃ |
“Today, too, my complaint is bitter; My vitality has become listless with all my sighing. |
my complaint is bitter ← (there is) bitterness of my complaint.
my vitality has become listless ← my hand has become heavy. AV differs somewhat (my stroke is heavier). |
| Job 23:3 | מִֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן יָ֭דַעְתִּי וְאֶמְצָאֵ֑הוּ אָ֝ב֗וֹא עַד־תְּכוּנָתֽוֹ׃ |
If only I knew where I could find him, I would go to his judgment seat. |
if only ← who will give.
where: wider use of the vav. |
| Job 23:4 | אֶעֶרְכָ֣ה לְפָנָ֣יו מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝פִ֗י אֲמַלֵּ֥א תוֹכָחֽוֹת׃ |
I would set out my case before him And fill my mouth with arguments. |
|
| Job 23:5 | אֵ֭דְעָה מִלִּ֣ים יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְ֝אָבִ֗ינָה מַה־יֹּ֥אמַר לִֽי׃ |
I would acknowledge the words Which he would answer me, And I would understand What he would say to me. |
|
| Job 23:6 | הַבְּרָב־כֹּ֭חַ יָרִ֣יב עִמָּדִ֑י לֹ֥א אַךְ־ה֝֗וּא יָשִׂ֥ם בִּֽי׃ |
Would he contend with me with great power? No; he would certainly consider me. |
consider ← put (heart) to or set (the face) to. AV differs (put strength). |
| Job 23:7 | שָׁ֗ם יָ֭שָׁר נוֹכָ֣ח עִמּ֑וֹ וַאֲפַלְּטָ֥ה לָ֝נֶ֗צַח מִשֹּׁפְטִֽי׃ |
There, the upright disputes with him, And I would be delivered in perpetuity from my judge. |
|
| Job 23:8 | הֵ֤ן קֶ֣דֶם אֶהֱלֹ֣ךְ וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּ וְ֝אָח֗וֹר וְֽלֹא־אָבִ֥ין לֽוֹ׃ |
If I go forwards, He is not there, And if backwards, I do not discern him, |
|
| Job 23:9 | שְׂמֹ֣אול בַּעֲשֹׂת֣וֹ וְלֹא־אָ֑חַז יַעְטֹ֥ף יָ֝מִ֗ין וְלֹ֣א אֶרְאֶֽה׃ |
Or to the left where he is at work, I do not behold him; If he envelops himself on the right, I do not see him. |
envelops himself: or turns. |
| Job 23:10 | כִּֽי־יָ֭דַע דֶּ֣רֶךְ עִמָּדִ֑י בְּ֝חָנַ֗נִי כַּזָּהָ֥ב אֵצֵֽא׃ |
However, he knows the way I take. When he examines me, I will come out as gold. |
I take ← with me. |
| Job 23:11 | בַּ֭אֲשֻׁרוֹ אָחֲזָ֣ה רַגְלִ֑י דַּרְכּ֖וֹ שָׁמַ֣רְתִּי וְלֹא־אָֽט׃ |
My foot takes hold of his step; I keep his way And do not turn aside. |
|
| Job 23:12 | מִצְוַ֣ת שְׂ֭פָתָיו וְלֹ֣א אָמִ֑ישׁ מֵ֝חֻקִּ֗י צָפַ֥נְתִּי אִמְרֵי־פִֽיו׃ |
As for his commandment which he has uttered, I have not drawn back from what was appointed me. I have treasured up the words which he has pronounced. |
which he has uttered ... which he has pronounced ← of his lips ... of his mouth. AV differs in the second case (more than my necessary food).
what was appointed me ← my statute. Compare Job 23:14. |
| Job 23:13 | וְה֣וּא בְ֭אֶחָד וּמִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ וְנַפְשׁ֖וֹ אִוְּתָ֣ה וַיָּֽעַשׂ׃ |
But he is of one mind, And who can make him go back on it? His will desires a thing, And he performs it. |
will ← soul. |
| Job 23:14 | כִּ֭י יַשְׁלִ֣ים חֻקִּ֑י וְכָהֵ֖נָּה רַבּ֣וֹת עִמּֽוֹ׃ |
For he will carry out What has been appointed for me, And many such things He has in store. |
has been appointed for me ← my statute.
he has in store ← (are) with him. |
| Job 23:15 | עַל־כֵּ֭ן מִפָּנָ֣יו אֶבָּהֵ֑ל אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן וְאֶפְחַ֥ד מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
That is why I will fear his presence. When I consider the matter, I am fearful of him. |
|
| Job 23:16 | וְ֭אֵל הֵרַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑י וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗י הִבְהִילָֽנִי׃ |
But God makes my heart faint, And the Almighty causes me alarm, |
|
| Job 23:17 | כִּֽי־לֹ֣א נִ֭צְמַתִּי מִפְּנֵי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וּ֝מִפָּנַ֗י כִּסָּה־אֹֽפֶל׃ |
For I have not been cut off in the face of darkness, Nor has he put a covering of gloom over my face. |
nor: negatory use of the vav, as in Deut 33:6. |
| Job 24:1 | מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים *וידעו **וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽיו׃ |
Why, seeing that the times are not hidden from the Almighty, {K: And they are known,} [Q: Do those who know him] {K: Do they not} [Q: Not] see his dealings? |
they are known (ketiv) ← they know (them). Avoidance of the passive.
his dealings ← his days, standing for the events or actions which take place in them. |
| Job 24:2 | גְּבֻל֥וֹת יַשִּׂ֑יגוּ עֵ֥דֶר גָּ֝זְל֗וּ וַיִּרְעֽוּ׃ |
They move boundaries, And they snatch away a flock And pasture it. |
pasture it: or feed (on it). |
| Job 24:3 | חֲמ֣וֹר יְתוֹמִ֣ים יִנְהָ֑גוּ יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ שׁ֣וֹר אַלְמָנָֽה׃ |
They drive away an orphan's donkey; They take away a widow's ox as security. |
|
| Job 24:4 | יַטּ֣וּ אֶבְיוֹנִ֣ים מִדָּ֑רֶךְ יַ֥חַד חֻ֝בְּא֗וּ עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
They turn the poor aside from the way; The poor of the earth are driven into hiding together. |
|
| Job 24:5 | הֵ֤ן פְּרָאִ֨ים ׀ בַּֽמִּדְבָּ֗ר יָצְא֣וּ בְּ֭פָעֳלָם מְשַׁחֲרֵ֣י לַטָּ֑רֶף עֲרָבָ֥ה ל֥וֹ לֶ֝֗חֶם לַנְּעָרִֽים׃ |
See how as wild asses in the desert they go out In their business of diligently seeking food. An arid tract is feeding ground For each and for their young. |
for each ← for him.
We take this verse and up to Job 24:8, and also Job 24:11 - 24:12b as referring to the poor, who are exploited. AV differs, as does [CB]. |
| Job 24:6 | בַּ֭שָּׂדֶה בְּלִיל֣וֹ *יקצירו **יִקְצ֑וֹרוּ וְכֶ֖רֶם רָשָׁ֣ע יְלַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃ |
In the field they reap their food, And they glean the vineyard of a wicked man. |
they reap: the ketiv (hiphil stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (qal stem-formation).
their food ← his fodder. |
| Job 24:7 | עָר֣וֹם יָ֭לִינוּ מִבְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת בַּקָּרָֽה׃ |
They spend the night naked for lack of clothing, And they have no covering in the cold. |
they spend the night: AV differs, being causative, which is not necessarily the case. |
| Job 24:8 | מִזֶּ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים יִרְטָ֑בוּ וּֽמִבְּלִ֥י מַ֝חְסֶ֗ה חִבְּקוּ־צֽוּר׃ |
They become wet with mountain rainstorms, And for lack of shelter they embrace a rock. |
|
| Job 24:9 | יִ֭גְזְלוּ מִשֹּׁ֣ד יָת֑וֹם וְֽעַל־עָנִ֥י יַחְבֹּֽלוּ׃ |
They tear away the orphan for gain, And they enslave the poor with debt. |
for gain: AV differs (from the breast).
they enslave ... with debt ← bind by a pledge. |
| Job 24:10 | עָר֣וֹם הִ֭לְּכוּ בְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וּ֝רְעֵבִ֗ים נָ֣שְׂאוּ עֹֽמֶר׃ |
They cause him to go naked for lack of clothing, And they take away the sheaf from the hungry. |
|
| Job 24:11 | בֵּין־שׁוּרֹתָ֥ם יַצְהִ֑ירוּ יְקָבִ֥ים דָּ֝רְכ֗וּ וַיִּצְמָֽאוּ׃ |
Within their walls they press out new oil; They tread the wine vats, Yet are thirsty. |
We take the verse and Job 24:12b as referring to the poor.
yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| Job 24:12 | מֵ֘עִ֤יר מְתִ֨ים ׀ יִנְאָ֗קוּ וְנֶֽפֶשׁ־חֲלָלִ֥ים תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ וֶ֝אֱל֗וֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים תִּפְלָֽה׃ |
From the city, men groan, And the inward being of the wounded cries out, Yet God does not impute them their depravity. |
inward being ← soul.
yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav. |
| Job 24:13 | הֵ֤מָּה ׀ הָיוּ֮ בְּֽמֹרְדֵ֫י־א֥וֹר לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּנְתִיבֹתָֽיו׃ |
These people are those who rebel against the light; They do not recognize his ways, And they do not remain in his paths. |
|
| Job 24:14 | לָא֡וֹר יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וּ֝בַלַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַגַּנָּֽב׃ |
At first light the murderer rises And kills the poor and needy, And at night he is a thief. |
|
| Job 24:15 | וְעֵ֤ין נֹאֵ֨ף ׀ שָׁ֤מְרָֽה נֶ֣שֶׁף לֵ֭אמֹר לֹא־תְשׁוּרֵ֣נִי עָ֑יִן וְסֵ֖תֶר פָּנִ֣ים יָשִֽׂים׃ |
The eye of the adulterer observes darkness, Saying, ‘No eye shall behold me’, And he puts a covering on his face. |
darkness: AV differs (twilight).
covering ← secret. |
| Job 24:16 | חָתַ֥ר בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים יוֹמָ֥ם חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗מוֹ לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר׃ |
He breaks into houses in the darkness, Which in the daytime they mark out for themselves. They do not know the light. |
breaks into ← digs (through).
mark out ← seal up. |
| Job 24:17 | כִּ֤י יַחְדָּ֨ו ׀ בֹּ֣קֶר לָ֣מוֹ צַלְמָ֑וֶת כִּֽי־יַ֝כִּ֗יר בַּלְה֥וֹת צַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
For the morning for them is altogether the shadow of death, For each knows the terrors of the shadow of death, |
the shadow of death ... the shadow of death: otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
AV differs (if one know them [=recognize them], they are in ...) which is also possible. |
| Job 24:18 | קַֽל־ה֤וּא ׀ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַ֗יִם תְּקֻלַּ֣ל חֶלְקָתָ֣ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ לֹֽא־יִ֝פְנֶה דֶּ֣רֶךְ כְּרָמִֽים׃ |
Which is swift upon the surface of the water; Their portion is cursed upon the earth. He will not return to the way of the vineyards. |
return to: AV differs (beholdeth). |
| Job 24:19 | צִיָּ֤ה גַם־חֹ֗ם יִגְזְל֥וּ מֵֽימֵי־שֶׁ֗לֶג שְׁא֣וֹל חָטָֽאוּ׃ |
As drought and heat snatch away the snowy waters, So the grave snatches those who have sinned. |
snowy waters ← waters of snow, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 24:20 | יִשְׁכָּ֘חֵ֤הוּ רֶ֨חֶם ׀ מְתָ֘ק֤וֹ רִמָּ֗ה ע֥וֹד לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֑ר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֖ר כָּעֵ֣ץ עַוְלָֽה׃ |
The womb will disown him; The worm will feed sweetly on him. He will no longer be remembered, And iniquity will be shivered like a tree. |
disown ← forget. |
| Job 24:21 | רֹעֶ֣ה עֲ֭קָרָה לֹ֣א תֵלֵ֑ד וְ֝אַלְמָנָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְיֵטִֽיב׃ |
He devours the barren, Who has not given birth, And to the widow he does not do good. |
|
| Job 24:22 | וּמָשַׁ֣ךְ אַבִּירִ֣ים בְּכֹח֑וֹ יָ֝ק֗וּם וְֽלֹא־יַאֲמִ֥ין בַּֽחַיִּֽין׃ |
He drags away the mighty by his strength; He rises, And no-one is sure of his life. |
is sure of ← believes in.
his life: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 24:23 | יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ לָ֭בֶטַח וְיִשָּׁעֵ֑ן וְ֝עֵינֵ֗יהוּ עַל־דַּרְכֵיהֶֽם׃ |
God grants him security, And he relies on it, But his eyes are on their ways. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Job 24:24 | ר֤וֹמּוּ מְּעַ֨ט ׀ וְֽאֵינֶ֗נּוּ וְֽהֻמְּכ֗וּ כַּכֹּ֥ל יִקָּפְצ֑וּן וּכְרֹ֖אשׁ שִׁבֹּ֣לֶת יִמָּֽלוּ׃ |
They are exalted for a little while, Then they are gone, And they waste away. Like all others, they are gathered into the grave. And like the top of a stem of corn, They are cut off. |
they are gone ← he (is) not.
are gathered into the grave ← are enclosed, or die. stem ← ear, but we presume the whole ear of corn is cut off. |
| Job 24:25 | וְאִם־לֹ֣א אֵ֭פוֹ מִ֣י יַכְזִיבֵ֑נִי וְיָשֵׂ֥ם לְ֝אַ֗ל מִלָּתִֽי׃ ס |
And if it is not so, who will convict me of falsehood And make my speech null and void?” |
|
| Job 25:1 | וַ֭יַּעַן בִּלְדַּ֥ד הַשֻּׁחִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said, | |
| Job 25:2 | הַמְשֵׁ֣ל וָפַ֣חַד עִמּ֑וֹ עֹשֶׂ֥ה שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם בִּמְרוֹמָֽיו׃ |
“Dominion and fear are with him – The one who makes peace in his high places. |
dominion: infinitive absolute in the role of a gerund, translated as a noun. |
| Job 25:3 | הֲיֵ֣שׁ מִ֭סְפָּר לִגְדוּדָ֑יו וְעַל־מִ֝֗י לֹא־יָק֥וּם אוֹרֵֽהוּ׃ |
Do his troops have a number? And upon whom does his light not rise? |
|
| Job 25:4 | וּמַה־יִּצְדַּ֣ק אֱנ֣וֹשׁ עִם־אֵ֑ל וּמַה־יִּ֝זְכֶּ֗ה יְל֣וּד אִשָּֽׁה׃ |
And how can man be justified with God? And how can he who is born of a woman be pure? |
|
| Job 25:5 | הֵ֣ן עַד־יָ֭רֵחַ וְלֹ֣א יַאֲהִ֑יל וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ בְעֵינָֽיו׃ |
Behold, even the moon (But it does not shine,) And the stars Are not pure in his sight. |
|
| Job 25:6 | אַ֭ף כִּֽי־אֱנ֣וֹשׁ רִמָּ֑ה וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃ פ |
How much less man, Destined for worms, And the son of Adam, Destined for maggots.” |
worms ... maggots ← (the) worm ... (the) maggot. Compare Isa 14:11. AV differs (which is a worm etc.). |
| Job 26:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered and said, | |
| Job 26:2 | מֶה־עָזַ֥רְתָּ לְלֹא־כֹ֑חַ ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּ זְר֣וֹעַ לֹא־עֹֽז׃ |
“How have you have helped him Who is without power, And saved him Whose arm is without strength? |
This verse could be regarded as ironic, with an exclamation mark, not a question mark. But the verses following seem to be straight questions. |
| Job 26:3 | מַה־יָּ֭עַצְתָּ לְלֹ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝תוּשִׁיָּ֗ה לָרֹ֥ב הוֹדָֽעְתָּ׃ |
How have you given counsel to him Who is without wisdom? And how have you taught insight To the multitude? |
the multitude: AV differs (plentifully), and [CB] (fully). |
| Job 26:4 | אֶת־מִ֭י הִגַּ֣דְתָּ מִלִּ֑ין וְנִשְׁמַת־מִ֝י יָצְאָ֥ה מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
To whom have you declared words, And whose inspiration came from you? |
words: in an Aramaic form.
came ← came out. |
| Job 26:5 | הָרְפָאִ֥ים יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ מִתַּ֥חַת מַ֝֗יִם וְשֹׁכְנֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Do the Rephaim give birth under the water, Or do those who lie there with them? |
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (dead).
water: standing for sea or groundwater. those who lie there with them ← their dwellers / liers. AV differs (dead things are formed from under the waters ...). |
| Job 26:6 | עָר֣וֹם שְׁא֣וֹל נֶגְדּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָֽאֲבַדּֽוֹן׃ |
The grave is naked before him, And there is no covering for the place of destruction. |
destruction: Hebrew Abaddon; compare Rev 9:11. |
| Job 26:7 | נֹטֶ֣ה צָפ֣וֹן עַל־תֹּ֑הוּ תֹּ֥לֶה אֶ֝֗רֶץ עַל־בְּלִי־מָֽה׃ |
He stretches out the north over desolation, And hangs the earth on nothing, |
|
| Job 26:8 | צֹרֵֽר־מַ֥יִם בְּעָבָ֑יו וְלֹא־נִבְקַ֖ע עָנָ֣ן תַּחְתָּֽם׃ |
Binding up waters on his thick clouds, While the cloud below them is not laid open. |
|
| Job 26:9 | מְאַחֵ֥ז פְּנֵי־כִסֵּ֑ה פַּרְשֵׁ֖ז עָלָ֣יו עֲנָנֽוֹ׃ |
He takes hold of the front of his throne And spreads his cloud on it. |
front ← face; surface. |
| Job 26:10 | חֹֽק־חָ֭ג עַל־פְּנֵי־מָ֑יִם עַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית א֣וֹר עִם־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
He circumscribes a bound round the surface of the water At the terminator between light and dark. |
bound ← statute. |
| Job 26:11 | עַמּוּדֵ֣י שָׁמַ֣יִם יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ וְ֝יִתְמְה֗וּ מִגַּעֲרָתֽוֹ׃ |
The pillars of heaven are shaken And are astonished at his rebuke. |
|
| Job 26:12 | בְּ֭כֹחוֹ רָגַ֣ע הַיָּ֑ם *ובתובנתו **וּ֝בִתְבוּנָת֗וֹ מָ֣חַץ רָֽהַב׃ |
By his power the sea roars, And by his understanding He dashes pride. |
understanding: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
the sea roars: AV differs (he divideth the sea), and [CB] (he calms the sea). The word רָגַע is a homonym, make a noise and be quiet (intransitive in both cases). pride: also a name of Egypt, Rahab. |
| Job 26:13 | בְּ֭רוּחוֹ שָׁמַ֣יִם שִׁפְרָ֑ה חֹֽלֲלָ֥ה יָ֝ד֗וֹ נָחָ֥שׁ בָּרִֽיחַ׃ |
By his spirit the heavens are beautifully made; His hand formed the constellation of the fleeing serpent. |
are beautifully made ← (are) beauty.
the constellation of the fleeing serpent: known in our day as serpens caput and serpens cauda, the head and tail of the serpent. |
| Job 26:14 | הֶן־אֵ֤לֶּה ׀ קְצ֬וֹת *דרכו **דְּרָכָ֗יו וּמַה־שֵּׁ֣מֶץ דָּ֭בָר נִשְׁמַע־בּ֑וֹ וְרַ֥עַם *גבורתו **גְּ֝בוּרוֹתָ֗יו מִ֣י יִתְבּוֹנָֽן׃ ס |
Behold, these are the outlines of his {Q: ways} [K: way], For only a whisper of the matter is heard, But who can understand the thunder of his {K: power} [Q: mighty acts]?” |
ways (qeré) ... way (ketiv): the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
power: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré, and the word is considerably more common in the singular than the plural (about 80%:20%). |
| Job 27:1 | וַיֹּ֣סֶף אִ֭יּוֹב שְׂאֵ֥ת מְשָׁל֗וֹ וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job went further in expounding his argument and said, | in expounding his argument ← to lift his parable. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Job 27:2 | חַי־אֵ֭ל הֵסִ֣יר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑י וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗י הֵמַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
“As God lives, Who has taken my justice away, And the Almighty, Who has embittered my feelings, |
feelings ← soul. |
| Job 27:3 | כִּֽי־כָל־ע֣וֹד נִשְׁמָתִ֣י בִ֑י וְר֖וּחַ אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּאַפִּֽי׃ |
As long as my breath is in me, And the spirit of God is in my nostrils, |
nostrils ← nostril, nose, or anger. |
| Job 27:4 | אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝לְשׁוֹנִ֗י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃ |
My lips shall certainly not speak wickedness, And my tongue shall certainly not utter deceit. |
shall certainly not speak ... shall certainly not utter: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Job 27:5 | חָלִ֣ילָה לִּי֮ אִם־אַצְדִּ֪יק אֶ֫תְכֶ֥ם עַד־אֶגְוָ֑ע לֹא־אָסִ֖יר תֻּמָּתִ֣י מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
Far be it from me to justify you. I will not renounce my integrity Before I expire. |
you: plural.
renounce ← remove from me. before ← until; up to. |
| Job 27:6 | בְּצִדְקָתִ֣י הֶ֭חֱזַקְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אַרְפֶּ֑הָ לֹֽא־יֶחֱרַ֥ף לְ֝בָבִ֗י מִיָּמָֽי׃ |
I have held on to my righteousness, And I will not relent on it. My heart shall not reproach me In all my days. |
|
| Job 27:7 | יְהִ֣י כְ֭רָשָׁע אֹ֣יְבִ֑י וּמִתְקוֹמְמִ֥י כְעַוָּֽל׃ |
Let my enemy be declared wicked, And my opponent unjust. |
wicked ... unjust ← as wicked ... as unjust. |
| Job 27:8 | כִּ֤י מַה־תִּקְוַ֣ת חָ֭נֵף כִּ֣י יִבְצָ֑ע כִּ֤י יֵ֖שֶׁל אֱל֣וֹהַּ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
For what is the hope of the profane If he has made unjust gain, If God is indifferent to his life? |
profane: see Job 8:13.
is indifferent to: or, taking the word as standing for יִשְׁאַל, requires. AV differs (taketh away). life ← soul. |
| Job 27:9 | הַֽ֭צַעֲקָתוֹ יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל כִּֽי־תָב֖וֹא עָלָ֣יו צָרָֽה׃ |
Will God hear his cry When adversity comes upon him? |
|
| Job 27:10 | אִם־עַל־שַׁדַּ֥י יִתְעַנָּ֑ג יִקְרָ֖א אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּכָל־עֵֽת׃ |
Will he delight in the Almighty? Will he call on God at all times?” |
|
| Job 27:11 | אוֹרֶ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֣ם בְּיַד־אֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שַׁ֝דַּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲכַחֵֽד׃ |
“I will teach you by the hand of God; I will not hide that which is with the Almighty. |
Zophar's third address starts here and ends at Job 28:28. See [CB].
you: plural. |
| Job 27:12 | הֵן־אַתֶּ֣ם כֻּלְּכֶ֣ם חֲזִיתֶ֑ם וְלָמָּה־זֶּ֝֗ה הֶ֣בֶל תֶּהְבָּֽלוּ׃ |
Behold, all of you have seen it. Why then do you act so very vainly? |
act so very vainly ← act vainly + cognate noun vanity. |
| Job 27:13 | זֶ֤ה ׀ חֵֽלֶק־אָדָ֖ם רָשָׁ֥ע ׀ עִם־אֵ֑ל וְֽנַחֲלַ֥ת עָ֝רִיצִ֗ים מִשַּׁדַּ֥י יִקָּֽחוּ׃ |
This is the portion of the wicked man with God, And the inheritance which tyrants receive from the Almighty. |
|
| Job 27:14 | אִם־יִרְבּ֣וּ בָנָ֣יו לְמוֹ־חָ֑רֶב וְ֝צֶאֱצָאָ֗יו לֹ֣א יִשְׂבְּעוּ־לָֽחֶם׃ |
If his sons become numerous, They will be destined for the sword, And his offspring will not be satisfied with bread. |
they will be destined for the sword ← for them (is) the sword. |
| Job 27:15 | *שרידו **שְׂ֭רִידָיו בַּמָּ֣וֶת יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃ |
Those who survive him will be buried in death, And his widowed daughters-in-law will not weep. |
those who survive him: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré, because the verb is plural. Otherwise, the ketiv reads he who survives him with a discordant verb.
his widowed daughters-in-law ← his widows. |
| Job 27:16 | אִם־יִצְבֹּ֣ר כֶּעָפָ֣ר כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝כַחֹ֗מֶר יָכִ֥ין מַלְבּֽוּשׁ׃ |
If he heaps up silver like dust And prepares luxury clothing like clay, |
|
| Job 27:17 | יָ֭כִין וְצַדִּ֣יק יִלְבָּ֑שׁ וְ֝כֶ֗סֶף נָקִ֥י יַחֲלֹֽק׃ |
He may prepare it, But the righteous man will wear it, And the innocent will divide the silver. |
|
| Job 27:18 | בָּנָ֣ה כָעָ֣שׁ בֵּית֑וֹ וּ֝כְסֻכָּ֗ה עָשָׂ֥ה נֹצֵֽר׃ |
He builds a house like the moth, And as a booth which a guard makes. |
guard: [CB]= vineyard watcher. |
| Job 27:19 | עָשִׁ֣יר יִ֭שְׁכַּב וְלֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף עֵינָ֖יו פָּקַ֣ח וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The rich man lies down But is not reunited with his forefathers; He opens his eyes, And his wealth has gone. |
has gone ← he / it (is) not (there). |
| Job 27:20 | תַּשִּׂיגֵ֣הוּ כַ֭מַּיִם בַּלָּה֑וֹת לַ֝֗יְלָה גְּנָבַ֥תּוּ סוּפָֽה׃ |
Every terror will overtake him like water; At night a whirlwind will steal him away. |
every terror ← terrors and a singular verb. |
| Job 27:21 | יִשָּׂאֵ֣הוּ קָדִ֣ים וְיֵלַ֑ךְ וִֽ֝ישָׂעֲרֵ֗הוּ מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
The east wind will bear him away, And away he will go, And a storm will sweep him from his place. |
|
| Job 27:22 | וְיַשְׁלֵ֣ךְ עָ֭לָיו וְלֹ֣א יַחְמֹ֑ל מִ֝יָּד֗וֹ בָּר֥וֹחַ יִבְרָֽח׃ |
For he will cast terrors on him, And he will not spare. He will certainly want to flee from his hand. |
he will certainly want to flee: infinitive absolute. |
| Job 27:23 | יִשְׂפֹּ֣ק עָלֵ֣ימוֹ כַפֵּ֑ימוֹ וְיִשְׁרֹ֥ק עָ֝לָ֗יו מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
He will clap his hands at him And hiss him away from his place. |
his hands: we take the suffix as singular. See [Ges-HG] §103f note 3, and compare Job 20:23, Job 22:2. |
| Job 28:1 | כִּ֤י יֵ֣שׁ לַכֶּ֣סֶף מוֹצָ֑א וּ֝מָק֗וֹם לַזָּהָ֥ב יָזֹֽקּוּ׃ |
Now for silver there is a vein, And there is a place where they refine gold. |
Zophar's address continues. See [CB].
a place where they refine gold ← a place for gold (where) they refine. |
| Job 28:2 | בַּ֭רְזֶל מֵעָפָ֣ר יֻקָּ֑ח וְ֝אֶ֗בֶן יָצ֥וּק נְחוּשָֽׁה׃ |
Iron is obtained from ore, And mineral is cast into copper. |
ore ← dust.
mineral ← stone. |
| Job 28:3 | קֵ֤ץ ׀ שָׂ֤ם לַחֹ֗שֶׁךְ וּֽלְכָל־תַּ֭כְלִית ה֣וּא חוֹקֵ֑ר אֶ֖בֶן אֹ֣פֶל וְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃ |
The miner discounts darkness, And in every direction he searches for minerals, In thick darkness and the shadow of death. |
the miner: AV differs (God). AV misses the context of mining throughout.
discounts ← puts an end to. minerals ← stone. |
| Job 28:4 | פָּ֤רַץ נַ֨חַל ׀ מֵֽעִם־גָּ֗ר הַֽנִּשְׁכָּחִ֥ים מִנִּי־רָ֑גֶל דַּ֖לּוּ מֵאֱנ֣וֹשׁ נָֽעוּ׃ |
He sinks a shaft with a migrant workforce, Who do not use their feet. They are lowered down; They move about unnaturally. |
he sinks a shaft: AV differs (the flood breaketh out).
with a migrant workforce ← from with a (temporary) dweller. who do not use their feet ← who (are) forgotten from the foot, i.e. dangling. unnaturally ← (differently) from man, because they are dangling. |
| Job 28:5 | אֶ֗רֶץ מִמֶּ֥נָּה יֵֽצֵא־לָ֑חֶם וְ֝תַחְתֶּ֗יהָ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ כְּמוֹ־אֵֽשׁ׃ |
As for the land, from it comes bread, But underneath it, It is like fire swirling around. |
land ← earth.
comes ← comes out. it is like fire swirling around ← it turns as fire. |
| Job 28:6 | מְקוֹם־סַפִּ֥יר אֲבָנֶ֑יהָ וְעַפְרֹ֖ת זָהָ֣ב לֽוֹ׃ |
Amongst its stones is a place of sapphire; It includes gold-bearing ore. |
ore ← dust. |
| Job 28:7 | נָ֭תִיב לֹֽא־יְדָ֣עוֹ עָ֑יִט וְלֹ֥א שְׁ֝זָפַ֗תּוּ עֵ֣ין אַיָּֽה׃ |
This is a path which the bird of prey does not know, And the eye of the kite has not seen. |
path: referring to the mineshaft. |
| Job 28:8 | לֹֽא־הִדְרִיכֻ֥הוּ בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ לֹֽא־עָדָ֖ה עָלָ֣יו שָֽׁחַל׃ |
The lion's whelps have not trodden it, And the fierce lion has not passed along it. |
whelps ← sons of pride. The apparent connection with the English pride of lions is probably an independent development. |
| Job 28:9 | בַּֽ֭חַלָּמִישׁ שָׁלַ֣ח יָד֑וֹ הָפַ֖ךְ מִשֹּׁ֣רֶשׁ הָרִֽים׃ |
At the flint he applies his hand; He overturns mountains at their roots. |
|
| Job 28:10 | בַּ֭צּוּרוֹת יְאֹרִ֣ים בִּקֵּ֑עַ וְכָל־יְ֝קָ֗ר רָאֲתָ֥ה עֵינֽוֹ׃ |
He cuts out galleries in the rocks, And his eye sees every kind of precious gemstone. |
|
| Job 28:11 | מִ֭בְּכִי נְהָר֣וֹת חִבֵּ֑שׁ וְ֝תַעֲלֻמָ֗הּ יֹ֣צִא אֽוֹר׃ פ |
He blocks underground rivers from gushing, And he brings a hidden thing to light. |
gushing ← weeping, so perhaps just trickling.
a hidden thing ← its hidden thing. |
| Job 28:12 | וְֽ֭הַחָכְמָה מֵאַ֣יִן תִּמָּצֵ֑א וְאֵ֥י זֶ֝ה מְק֣וֹם בִּינָֽה׃ |
But from where is wisdom obtained? And where is the place of understanding? |
obtained ← found, but also obtained. |
| Job 28:13 | לֹא־יָדַ֣ע אֱנ֣וֹשׁ עֶרְכָּ֑הּ וְלֹ֥א תִ֝מָּצֵ֗א בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ |
Man does not know its value, Nor is it found in the land of the living. |
|
| Job 28:14 | תְּה֣וֹם אָ֭מַר לֹ֣א בִי־הִ֑יא וְיָ֥ם אָ֝מַ֗ר אֵ֣ין עִמָּדִֽי׃ |
The ocean says, ‘It is not in me’, And the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ |
|
| Job 28:15 | לֹא־יֻתַּ֣ן סְג֣וֹר תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ וְלֹ֥א יִ֝שָּׁקֵ֗ל כֶּ֣סֶף מְחִירָֽהּ׃ |
Gold cannot be given in exchange for it, And silver cannot be weighed out as its price. |
|
| Job 28:16 | לֹֽא־תְ֭סֻלֶּה בְּכֶ֣תֶם אוֹפִ֑יר בְּשֹׁ֖הַם יָקָ֣ר וְסַפִּֽיר׃ |
It cannot be piled in the scales against fine gold from Ophir Or valuable onyx or sapphire. |
|
| Job 28:17 | לֹא־יַעַרְכֶ֣נָּה זָ֭הָב וּזְכוֹכִ֑ית וּתְמ֖וּרָתָ֣הּ כְּלִי־פָֽז׃ |
Gold and crystal cannot match its value, Nor is its exchange value an object of purified gold. |
|
| Job 28:18 | רָאמ֣וֹת וְ֭גָבִישׁ לֹ֣א יִזָּכֵ֑ר וּמֶ֥שֶׁךְ חָ֝כְמָ֗ה מִפְּנִינִֽים׃ |
Precious gems and crystal are not worth a mention, But the acquisition of wisdom is worth more than red corals. |
are not worth a mention ← are not mentioned.
red corals: or pearls, but see Lam 4:7. |
| Job 28:19 | לֹֽא־יַ֭עַרְכֶנָּה פִּטְדַת־כּ֑וּשׁ בְּכֶ֥תֶם טָ֝ה֗וֹר לֹ֣א תְסֻלֶּֽה׃ פ |
Ethiopian topaz cannot match its value, Nor can it be piled in the scales against pure gold. |
|
| Job 28:20 | וְֽ֭הַחָכְמָה מֵאַ֣יִן תָּב֑וֹא וְאֵ֥י זֶ֝֗ה מְק֣וֹם בִּינָֽה׃ |
But as for wisdom – where does it come from? And where is the place of understanding? |
|
| Job 28:21 | וְֽ֭נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵ֣י כָל־חָ֑י וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם נִסְתָּֽרָה׃ |
Well, it is concealed from the eyes of every living being, And it is hidden from the birds of the sky. |
well: wider use of the vav. |
| Job 28:22 | אֲבַדּ֣וֹן וָ֭מָוֶת אָ֣מְר֑וּ בְּ֝אָזְנֵ֗ינוּ שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ שִׁמְעָֽהּ׃ |
Destruction and death say, ‘We have heard of its reputation with our ears.’ |
destruction: see Job 26:6. |
| Job 28:23 | אֱ֭לֹהִים הֵבִ֣ין דַּרְכָּ֑הּ וְ֝ה֗וּא יָדַ֥ע אֶת־מְקוֹמָֽהּ׃ |
God understands its way, And he knows its place. |
|
| Job 28:24 | כִּי־ה֭וּא לִקְצוֹת־הָאָ֣רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִרְאֶֽה׃ |
For he looks to the ends of the earth; He sees what is under all the heavens. |
|
| Job 28:25 | לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָר֣וּחַ מִשְׁקָ֑ל וּ֝מַ֗יִם תִּכֵּ֥ן בְּמִדָּֽה׃ |
It was to give weight to the wind When he weighed water accurately, |
give weight ← make weight.
accurately ← by measurement. |
| Job 28:26 | בַּעֲשֹׂת֣וֹ לַמָּטָ֣ר חֹ֑ק וְ֝דֶ֗רֶךְ לַחֲזִ֥יז קֹלֽוֹת׃ |
And when he issued a statute to the rain, And a way for lightning and thunderclaps. |
he issued a statute to the rain ... a way for lightning and thunderclaps: i.e. he fixed laws of nature which determine when it ↴ |
| Job 28:27 | אָ֣ז רָ֭אָהּ וַֽיְסַפְּרָ֑הּ הֱ֝כִינָ֗הּ וְגַם־חֲקָרָֽהּ׃ |
Then he saw it And declared it. He established it And searched it out. |
↳ rains and the way electrical discharge in clouds works. |
| Job 28:28 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר ׀ לָֽאָדָ֗ם הֵ֤ן יִרְאַ֣ת אֲ֭דֹנָי הִ֣יא חָכְמָ֑ה וְס֖וּר מֵרָ֣ע בִּינָֽה׃ ס |
And he said to man, ‘Behold, the fear of the Lord* is wisdom, And to depart from evil is understanding.’ ” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
Compare this verse with Prov 9:10 and Ps 111:10. |
| Job 29:1 | וַיֹּ֣סֶף אִ֭יּוֹב שְׂאֵ֥ת מְשָׁל֗וֹ וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job again delivered a discourse on his part and said, | a discourse on his part ← his discourse. |
| Job 29:2 | מִֽי־יִתְּנֵ֥נִי כְיַרְחֵי־קֶ֑דֶם כִּ֝ימֵ֗י אֱל֣וֹהַּ יִשְׁמְרֵֽנִי׃ |
“If only I were as in months past, As in the days when God protected me, |
if only ← who will give. |
| Job 29:3 | בְּהִלּ֣וֹ נֵ֭רוֹ עֲלֵ֣י רֹאשִׁ֑י לְ֝אוֹרוֹ אֵ֣לֶךְ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
When he shone his light on my head, When I walked by his light in darkness, |
|
| Job 29:4 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הָ֭יִיתִי בִּימֵ֣י חָרְפִּ֑י בְּס֥וֹד אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ עֲלֵ֣י אָהֳלִֽי׃ |
When I was in my autumnal days, With the secret counsel of God in my tent, |
my autumnal: indicating maturity, but not old age. AV differs, interpreting as of my youth; [BDB] as of my prime. |
| Job 29:5 | בְּע֣וֹד שַׁ֭דַּי עִמָּדִ֑י סְבִ֖יבוֹתַ֣י נְעָרָֽי׃ |
When the Almighty was still with me, When my children were round about me, |
|
| Job 29:6 | בִּרְחֹ֣ץ הֲלִיכַ֣י בְּחֵמָ֑ה וְצ֥וּר יָצ֥וּק עִ֝מָּדִ֗י פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן׃ |
When my steps were washed with buttermilk And the rock poured out streams of oil for me, |
|
| Job 29:7 | בְּצֵ֣אתִי שַׁ֣עַר עֲלֵי־קָ֑רֶת בָּ֝רְח֗וֹב אָכִ֥ין מוֹשָׁבִֽי׃ |
When I went out to the gate of the city, And when I prepared my seat in the street. |
gate of ← gate at. |
| Job 29:8 | רָא֣וּנִי נְעָרִ֣ים וְנֶחְבָּ֑אוּ וִֽ֝ישִׁישִׁים קָ֣מוּ עָמָֽדוּ׃ |
Young men would see me and make way for me, And old men would rise and stand. |
make way for me ← conceal themselves. |
| Job 29:9 | שָׂ֭רִים עָצְר֣וּ בְמִלִּ֑ים וְ֝כַ֗ף יָשִׂ֥ימוּ לְפִיהֶֽם׃ |
Princes would hold back their words And put their hand to their mouth. |
|
| Job 29:10 | קוֹל־נְגִידִ֥ים נֶחְבָּ֑אוּ וּ֝לְשׁוֹנָ֗ם לְחִכָּ֥ם דָּבֵֽקָה׃ |
The voice of the governors would be hushed, And their tongue would cleave to their palate. |
hushed ← concealed. |
| Job 29:11 | כִּ֤י אֹ֣זֶן שָׁ֭מְעָה וַֽתְּאַשְּׁרֵ֑נִי וְעַ֥יִן רָ֝אֲתָ֗ה וַתְּעִידֵֽנִי׃ |
For the ear that heard me would bless me, And the eye that saw me would bear witness to me. |
|
| Job 29:12 | כִּֽי־אֲ֭מַלֵּט עָנִ֣י מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ וְ֝יָת֗וֹם וְֽלֹא־עֹזֵ֥ר לֽוֹ׃ |
For I delivered the poor who cried out, And the orphan who had no-one to help him. |
orphan who: AV differs (fatherless and him that), which breaks the pairwise structure of verses in this chapter, especially verse 8 - 13. |
| Job 29:13 | בִּרְכַּ֣ת אֹ֭בֵד עָלַ֣י תָּבֹ֑א וְלֵ֖ב אַלְמָנָ֣ה אַרְנִֽן׃ |
The blessing for him who was dying would fall to me, And I would cause the heart of the widow to rejoice. |
blessing for ← blessing of.
fall to ← come upon. Job gives a blessing; he does receive it. |
| Job 29:14 | צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִי כִּֽמְעִ֥יל וְ֝צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃ |
I put on righteousness, And it clothed me; My justice was as a coat and turban. |
|
| Job 29:15 | עֵינַ֣יִם הָ֭יִיתִי לַֽעִוֵּ֑ר וְרַגְלַ֖יִם לַפִּסֵּ֣חַ אָֽנִי׃ |
I was eyes to the blind, And I was feet to the lame. |
|
| Job 29:16 | אָ֣ב אָ֭נֹכִֽי לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים וְרִ֖ב לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶחְקְרֵֽהוּ׃ |
I was a father to the poor, And if there was a dispute Which I did not know the details of, I would investigate it. |
|
| Job 29:17 | וָֽ֭אֲשַׁבְּרָה מְתַלְּע֣וֹת עַוָּ֑ל וּ֝מִשִּׁנָּ֗יו אַשְׁלִ֥יךְ טָֽרֶף׃ |
And I broke the incisors of the unjust, And I plucked the spoil out of his teeth. |
|
| Job 29:18 | וָ֭אֹמַר עִם־קִנִּ֣י אֶגְוָ֑ע וְ֝כַח֗וֹל אַרְבֶּ֥ה יָמִֽים׃ |
And I said, ‘I will expire when my home does, And multiply my days like the sand.’ |
when my home does ← with my nest. |
| Job 29:19 | שָׁרְשִׁ֣י פָת֣וּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם וְ֝טַ֗ל יָלִ֥ין בִּקְצִירִֽי׃ |
My root spread out to the water, And dew lodged on my branch. |
spread out ← was open. |
| Job 29:20 | כְּ֭בוֹדִי חָדָ֣שׁ עִמָּדִ֑י וְ֝קַשְׁתִּ֗י בְּיָדִ֥י תַחֲלִֽיף׃ |
The honour I had was fresh, And my bow in my hand was full of vitality. |
fresh ← new.
my bow in my hand: standing for my strength. |
| Job 29:21 | לִֽי־שָׁמְע֥וּ וְיִחֵ֑לּוּ וְ֝יִדְּמ֗וּ לְמ֣וֹ עֲצָתִֽי׃ |
Men would listen to me and wait; They would be silent for my advice. |
|
| Job 29:22 | אַחֲרֵ֣י דְ֭בָרִי לֹ֣א יִשְׁנ֑וּ וְ֝עָלֵ֗ימוֹ תִּטֹּ֥ף מִלָּתִֽי׃ |
After my words they did not differ with me, And my words condensed on them. |
words ← word, speech. |
| Job 29:23 | וְיִֽחֲל֣וּ כַמָּטָ֣ר לִ֑י וּ֝פִיהֶ֗ם פָּעֲר֥וּ לְמַלְקֽוֹשׁ׃ |
And they waited for me as for rain, And they would open their mouth as for the latter rain. |
|
| Job 29:24 | אֶשְׂחַ֣ק אֲ֭לֵהֶם לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֑ינוּ וְא֥וֹר פָּ֝נַ֗י לֹ֣א יַפִּילֽוּן׃ |
They had the certainty that I would not laugh at them, And they would never depress my cheerfulness. |
they had the certainty that I would not laugh at them ← they did not believe (that) I would laugh at them.
never ← not. my cheerfulness ← the light of my face. |
| Job 29:25 | אֶֽבֲחַ֣ר דַּרְכָּם֮ וְאֵשֵׁ֪ב רֹ֥אשׁ וְ֭אֶשְׁכּוֹן כְּמֶ֣לֶךְ בַּגְּד֑וּד כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲבֵלִ֣ים יְנַחֵֽם׃ |
I chose their course of action for them, And I sat as chief, And I dwelt like a king among his troops, And as one who comforts those who mourn. |
|
| Job 30:1 | וְעַתָּ֤ה ׀ שָֽׂחֲק֣וּ עָלַי֮ צְעִירִ֥ים מִמֶּ֗נִּי לְיָ֫מִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־מָאַ֥סְתִּי אֲבוֹתָ֑ם לָ֝שִׁ֗ית עִם־כַּלְבֵ֥י צֹאנִֽי׃ |
But now those who are younger than me in days laugh at me, Whose fathers I would have declined to appoint in charge of my sheepdogs. |
than me: or, if the reader prefers, than I. |
| Job 30:2 | גַּם־כֹּ֣חַ יְ֭דֵיהֶם לָ֣מָּה לִּ֑י עָ֝לֵ֗ימוֹ אָ֣בַד כָּֽלַח׃ |
Moreover, what use would their strong hands have been to me, Considering they lacked maturity? |
their strong hands ← the strength of their hands, translated as a reverse Hebraic genitive.
considering they lacked maturity ← maturity perished on them. |
| Job 30:3 | בְּחֶ֥סֶר וּבְכָפָ֗ן גַּ֫לְמ֥וּד הַֽעֹרְקִ֥ים צִיָּ֑ה אֶ֝֗מֶשׁ שׁוֹאָ֥ה וּמְשֹׁאָֽה׃ |
Through want and hunger they were unproductive; They were gnawing scraps in a drought-plagued land Which was in former time desolate and desolated. |
unproductive: AV differs (solitary).
gnawing: AV differs (fleeing). |
| Job 30:4 | הַקֹּטְפִ֣ים מַלּ֣וּחַ עֲלֵי־שִׂ֑יחַ וְשֹׁ֖רֶשׁ רְתָמִ֣ים לַחְמָֽם׃ |
They would pluck mallow among the shrubs, And their food was the root of broom. |
mallow: perhaps althaea or honckenya.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| Job 30:5 | מִן־גֵּ֥ו יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ יָרִ֥יעוּ עָ֝לֵ֗ימוֹ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃ |
They were driven out of the community; People sounded an alarm at them as at a thief, |
community ← midst. |
| Job 30:6 | בַּעֲר֣וּץ נְחָלִ֣ים לִשְׁכֹּ֑ן חֹרֵ֖י עָפָ֣ר וְכֵפִֽים׃ |
So that they lived in dangerous gullies – In holes in the ground and in rocks. |
dangerous gullies ← the horror of torrents. AV differs (clifts of the valleys), as in NH. [AnLx]= horror; [BDB]= dreadful.
ground ← dust. |
| Job 30:7 | בֵּין־שִׂיחִ֥ים יִנְהָ֑קוּ תַּ֖חַת חָר֣וּל יְסֻפָּֽחוּ׃ |
They brayed among the shrubs; They gathered together under the thorn bushes. |
thorn bushes: or nettles. |
| Job 30:8 | בְּֽנֵי־נָ֭בָל גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י בְלִי־שֵׁ֑ם נִ֝כְּא֗וּ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
They are the sons of the foolish – Verily, the sons of those of no repute. They were forcibly driven from the land. |
verily ← also, but with wider scope.
repute ← name. forcibly driven ← beaten. AV differs (viler). |
| Job 30:9 | וְ֭עַתָּה נְגִינָתָ֣ם הָיִ֑יתִי וָאֱהִ֖י לָהֶ֣ם לְמִלָּֽה׃ |
And now I have become their song, And I have become their byword. |
song ← music.
byword ← word. |
| Job 30:10 | תִּֽ֭עֲבוּנִי רָ֣חֲקוּ מֶ֑נִּי וּ֝מִפָּנַ֗י לֹא־חָ֥שְׂכוּ רֹֽק׃ |
They abhor me; They keep their distance from me, And they do not refrain from spitting in my face. |
from spitting: gerundial use of the infinitive, though [AnLx] takes the word as a noun. |
| Job 30:11 | כִּֽי־*יתרו **יִתְרִ֣י פִ֭תַּח וַיְעַנֵּ֑נִי וְ֝רֶ֗סֶן מִפָּנַ֥י שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃ |
For he has loosed {Q: my} [K: his] cord and oppressed me, And they have behaved in an unbridled way towards me. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
cord: [CB] interprets as a bow. But compare cord of Eccl 12:6, although the Hebrew word is different. behaved in an unbridled way towards me ← cast (away) the bridle before me. |
| Job 30:12 | עַל־יָמִין֮ פִּרְחַ֪ח יָ֫ק֥וּמוּ רַגְלַ֥י שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ וַיָּסֹ֥לּוּ עָ֝לַ֗י אָרְח֥וֹת אֵידָֽם׃ |
On the right, a rabble rises up; They trip up my feet And set up against me their destructive ways. |
a rabble: AV differs (the youth).
set up ← raise up, as a highway. destructive ways ← ways of destruction. |
| Job 30:13 | נָתְס֗וּ נְֽתִיבָ֫תִ֥י לְהַוָּתִ֥י יֹעִ֑ילוּ לֹ֖א עֹזֵ֣ר לָֽמוֹ׃ |
They ravage my path, They take advantage of my plight; They do it gratuitously. |
they do it gratuitously ← (it) doesn't help them. AV differs (they have no helper). |
| Job 30:14 | כְּפֶ֣רֶץ רָחָ֣ב יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ תַּ֥חַת שֹׁ֝אָ֗ה הִתְגַּלְגָּֽלוּ׃ |
As through a wide breach they come; Accompanied by destruction, they roll on. |
accompanied by ← under; in place of. |
| Job 30:15 | הָהְפַּ֥ךְ עָלַ֗י בַּלָּ֫ה֥וֹת תִּרְדֹּ֣ף כָּ֭רוּחַ נְדִבָתִ֑י וּ֝כְעָ֗ב עָבְרָ֥ה יְשֻׁעָתִֽי׃ |
Terrors are turned on me, Which pursue my dignity like the wind, And my salvation has passed away like a cloud. |
are turned ... which pursue: the verbs are singular, so discordant, which is not particularly uncommon in Hebrew. The second verb could be conformed by re-pointing as pual. |
| Job 30:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה עָ֭לַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ נַפְשִׁ֑י יֹ֭אחֲז֣וּנִי יְמֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ |
And now my heart is poured out on me; Days of affliction have taken their hold on me. |
heart ← soul. |
| Job 30:17 | לַ֗יְלָה עֲ֭צָמַי נִקַּ֣ר מֵעָלָ֑י וְ֝עֹרְקַ֗י לֹ֣א יִשְׁכָּבֽוּן׃ |
At night my bones give me shooting pain; My gnawing nerves do not rest. |
at night my bones give me shooting pain ← (the) night my bones it pierces from on me (piel), or (at) night my bones it is pierced from on me (niphal). |
| Job 30:18 | בְּרָב־כֹּ֭חַ יִתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ לְבוּשִׁ֑י כְּפִ֖י כֻתָּנְתִּ֣י יַֽאַזְרֵֽנִי׃ |
With great tightness my covering of skin is like a disguise; Like the collar of my tunic, it girds me. |
tightness ← force, and, dividing by the area, pressure. |
| Job 30:19 | הֹרָ֥נִי לַחֹ֑מֶר וָ֝אֶתְמַשֵּׁ֗ל כֶּעָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃ |
He has cast me into the mire, And I have become like dust and ashes.” |
|
| Job 30:20 | אֲשַׁוַּ֣ע אֵ֭לֶיךָ וְלֹ֣א תַעֲנֵ֑נִי עָ֝מַ֗דְתִּי וַתִּתְבֹּ֥נֶן בִּֽי׃ |
“I cry out to you, But you do not answer me. I endure the time For you to attend to me. |
Job speaks to God. |
| Job 30:21 | תֵּהָפֵ֣ךְ לְאַכְזָ֣ר לִ֑י בְּעֹ֖צֶם יָדְךָ֣ תִשְׂטְמֵֽנִי׃ |
You have become fierce to me; You persecute me with your strong hand. |
your strong hand ← the strength of your hand. |
| Job 30:22 | תִּשָּׂאֵ֣נִי אֶל־ר֭וּחַ תַּרְכִּיבֵ֑נִי וּ֝תְמֹגְגֵ֗נִי *תשוה **תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃ |
You bear me away, You cause me to ride on the wind; You dissolve my wealth. |
wealth: the ketiv has to be taken as a variant spelling of the qeré; the word can mean sound wisdom, insight. |
| Job 30:23 | כִּֽי־יָ֭דַעְתִּי מָ֣וֶת תְּשִׁיבֵ֑נִי וּבֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְכָל־חָֽי׃ |
For I know that you will return me to death, And to the house appointed for all the living.” |
|
| Job 30:24 | אַ֣ךְ לֹא־בְ֭עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד אִם־בְּ֝פִיד֗וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ׃ |
“But he does not stretch out his hand to a mound of stones, Even at their cry in one's demise. |
Job speaks to his friends.
a mound of stones: we suggest standing for the grave. their: with a feminine form, suggesting relating to the word traditionally translated souls. one's demise: or his (=God's) (act of) destruction. |
| Job 30:25 | אִם־לֹ֣א בָ֭כִיתִי לִקְשֵׁה־י֑וֹם עָֽגְמָ֥ה נַ֝פְשִׁ֗י לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
I most certainly wept for him who was in difficult times; My inner being mourned for the needy. |
I most certainly wept: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
inner being ← soul. |
| Job 30:26 | כִּ֤י ט֣וֹב קִ֭וִּיתִי וַיָּ֣בֹא רָ֑ע וַֽאֲיַחֲלָ֥ה לְ֝א֗וֹר וַיָּ֥בֹא אֹֽפֶל׃ |
For I waited for good, But evil came, And I expected light, But thick darkness arrived. |
|
| Job 30:27 | מֵעַ֖י רֻתְּח֥וּ וְלֹא־דָ֗מּוּ קִדְּמֻ֥נִי יְמֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ |
My inward parts are agitated, And they will not be silent; The days of affliction are in front of me. |
are agitated ← boil; compare are seething, but that suggests anger, which is not the sentiment here. |
| Job 30:28 | קֹדֵ֣ר הִ֭לַּכְתִּי בְּלֹ֣א חַמָּ֑ה קַ֖מְתִּי בַקָּהָ֣ל אֲשַׁוֵּֽעַ׃ |
I go about downcast, With no bright spirit. I stand, And in the convocation I cry for help. |
downcast ← blackened, so figuratively melancholic.
bright spirit ← sun, or warmth. |
| Job 30:29 | אָ֭ח הָיִ֣יתִי לְתַנִּ֑ים וְ֝רֵ֗עַ לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃ |
I have become a brother to jackals, And a neighbour to ostriches. |
|
| Job 30:30 | ע֭וֹרִי שָׁחַ֣ר מֵעָלָ֑י וְעַצְמִי־חָ֝֗רָה מִנִּי־חֹֽרֶב׃ |
My skin has turned black on me As my bones burn as from dry heat. |
|
| Job 30:31 | וַיְהִ֣י לְ֭אֵבֶל כִּנֹּרִ֑י וְ֝עֻגָבִ֗י לְק֣וֹל בֹּכִֽים׃ |
And my harp has become a lamentation, And my flute the sound of those weeping. |
|
| Job 31:1 | בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְעֵינָ֑י וּמָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה׃ |
I have made a covenant concerning my eyes; Now why should I pay attention to a virgin? |
|
| Job 31:2 | וּמֶ֤ה ׀ חֵ֣לֶק אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְֽנַחֲלַ֥ת שַׁ֝דַּ֗י מִמְּרֹמִֽים׃ |
And what is one's portion from God above, And one's inheritance from the Almighty in the heights? |
inheritance from the Almighty ← inheritance of the Almighty. Wider use of the construct state. A subjective genitive. |
| Job 31:3 | הֲלֹא־אֵ֥יד לְעַוָּ֑ל וְ֝נֵ֗כֶר לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
Is it not calamity to the unjust man, And alienation to the perpetrators of iniquity? |
|
| Job 31:4 | הֲלֹא־ה֭וּא יִרְאֶ֣ה דְרָכָ֑י וְֽכָל־צְעָדַ֥י יִסְפּֽוֹר׃ |
Does he not see my ways And count all my steps? |
count: [CB]= take account of. |
| Job 31:5 | אִם־הָלַ֥כְתִּי עִם־שָׁ֑וְא וַתַּ֖חַשׁ עַל־מִרְמָ֣ה רַגְלִֽי׃ |
– And know whether I have walked with vanity, And whether my foot has hastened to deceit? |
|
| Job 31:6 | יִשְׁקְלֵ֥נִי בְמֹאזְנֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וְיֵדַ֥ע אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ תֻּמָּתִֽי׃ |
Let him weigh me with just balances So that God may know my integrity |
|
| Job 31:7 | אִ֥ם תִּטֶּ֣ה אַשֻּׁרִי֮ מִנִּ֪י הַ֫דָּ֥רֶךְ וְאַחַ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי הָלַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑י וּ֝בְכַפַּ֗י דָּ֣בַק מֻאֽוּם׃ פ |
– Whether my step has turned aside from the way, And whether my heart has followed my eyes, And whether any spot has cleaved to my hands. |
|
| Job 31:8 | אֶ֭זְרְעָה וְאַחֵ֣ר יֹאכֵ֑ל וְֽצֶאֱצָאַ֥י יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ׃ |
If so, then let me sow, And another eat, And let my offspring be eradicated. |
|
| Job 31:9 | אִם־נִפְתָּ֣ה לִ֭בִּי עַל־אִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַל־פֶּ֖תַח רֵעִ֣י אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ |
If my heart has been seduced by a woman, Or if I have lain in wait at the door of my neighbour, |
|
| Job 31:10 | תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃ |
Then let my wife grind flour for another, And let other servants bow to her as mistress. |
other: in an Aramaic form.
bow to: AV differs, apparently (bow down upon). |
| Job 31:11 | כִּי־*הוא **הִ֥יא זִמָּ֑ה *והיא **וְ֝ה֗וּא עָוֺ֥ן פְּלִילִֽים׃ |
For such behaviour would be depravity, And that is a judicial offence. |
such ... that: in the first case, the ketiv is masculine; the qeré feminine. In the second case, it is vice versa. A vav / yod issue.
judicial offence ← iniquity of judges. |
| Job 31:12 | כִּ֤י אֵ֣שׁ הִ֭יא עַד־אֲבַדּ֣וֹן תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּֽבְכָל־תְּב֖וּאָתִ֣י תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ׃ |
For such a fire would consume me to destruction, And it would root out all my produce. |
destruction: see Job 26:6. |
| Job 31:13 | אִם־אֶמְאַ֗ס מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַ֭בְדִּי וַאֲמָתִ֑י בְּ֝רִבָ֗ם עִמָּדִֽי׃ |
If I have rejected the justice of my manservant or my maidservant In their dispute with me, |
|
| Job 31:14 | וּמָ֣ה אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְכִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Then what should I do if God rises up, And if he deals with the case? What should I answer him? |
|
| Job 31:15 | הֲֽ֝לֹא־בַ֭בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣נִי עָשָׂ֑הוּ וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּ בָּרֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד׃ |
Did not he who made me in the womb Also make the other? Did not he form us In one kind of womb? |
the other ← him.
one kind of womb: MT punctuation conjoins one and womb; AV differs (and did not one fashion us in the womb). |
| Job 31:16 | אִם־אֶ֭מְנַע מֵחֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה׃ |
I have certainly not withheld my support from the poor, Or caused the eye of the widow to languish, |
I have certainly not withheld: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35.
support from the poor ← delight / will / preciousness / business of the poor. Wider use of the construct state. AV differs ↴ |
| Job 31:17 | וְאֹכַ֣ל פִּתִּ֣י לְבַדִּ֑י וְלֹא־אָכַ֖ל יָת֣וֹם מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
Nor eaten my morsel on my own, With the orphan not partaking of it. |
↳ (the poor from their desire), also possible. |
| Job 31:18 | כִּ֣י מִ֭נְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַ֣נִי כְאָ֑ב וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן אִמִּ֣י אַנְחֶֽנָּה׃ |
For from my youth the orphan grew up while I was as a father, And from my mother's womb I guided the widow. |
the widow ← her. |
| Job 31:19 | אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֭וֹבֵד מִבְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃ |
If I saw anyone perishing for want of clothing, Or if the poor had no covering, |
|
| Job 31:20 | אִם־לֹ֣א בֵרֲכ֣וּנִי *חלצו **חֲלָצָ֑יו וּמִגֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂי יִתְחַמָּֽם׃ |
His loins certainly were grateful to me As he warmed himself in fleece from my lambs. |
his loins certainly: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). The ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, it is singular. |
| Job 31:21 | אִם־הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי עַל־יָת֣וֹם יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֥ה בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר עֶזְרָתִֽי׃ |
If I have lifted up my hand against the orphan When I saw at the gate a need for my help, |
|
| Job 31:22 | כְּ֭תֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָ֣ה תִפּ֑וֹל וְ֝אֶזְרֹעִ֗י מִקָּנָ֥ה תִשָּׁבֵֽר׃ |
May my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, And my arm be broken from the arm socket. |
|
| Job 31:23 | כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד אֵ֭לַי אֵ֣יד אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִשְּׂאֵת֗וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל׃ |
For fear was upon me Of a downfall from God, For I cannot prevail against his exalted position. |
downfall from God ← downfall of God. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Job 31:24 | אִם־שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי׃ |
If I have made gold my hope And said to fine gold, ‘You are my ground of reliance’; |
|
| Job 31:25 | אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח כִּי־רַ֣ב חֵילִ֑י וְכִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽי׃ |
If I have delighted because my wealth was great, Or because my hand had found abundance, |
|
| Job 31:26 | אִם־אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֖וֹר כִּ֣י יָהֵ֑ל וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַ יָקָ֥ר הֹלֵֽךְ׃ |
Or if I saw sunlight when it shone, Or the moon making its course in honour, |
|
| Job 31:27 | וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃ |
And my heart was deceived in secret, And my hand kissed my mouth, |
my hand kissed my mouth: in worship of the sun or moon; see [CB]. |
| Job 31:28 | גַּם־ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י כִּֽי־כִחַ֖שְׁתִּי לָאֵ֣ל מִמָּֽעַל׃ |
This too would have been a judicial offence, For I would have acted falsely towards God above, |
|
| Job 31:29 | אִם־אֶ֭שְׂמַח בְּפִ֣יד מְשַׂנְאִ֑י וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי כִּֽי־מְצָ֥אוֹ רָֽע׃ |
Or if I have rejoiced At the demise of him who hates me, And I have been uplifted When evil befell him. |
befell ← found. |
| Job 31:30 | וְלֹא־נָתַ֣תִּי לַחֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑י לִשְׁאֹ֖ל בְּאָלָ֣ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ |
I have not allowed the roof of my mouth to sin By asking for a curse on his life. |
the roof of my mouth ← my palate, as part of the vocal apparatus.
by asking: gerundial use of the infinitive. life ← soul. |
| Job 31:31 | אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝בְּשָׂר֗וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע׃ |
It is the men of my household who certainly said, ‘If only we had a part of his flesh; We are not satisfied.’ |
certainly said: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV).
his: i.e. of him who hates us. |
| Job 31:32 | בַּ֭חוּץ לֹא־יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר דְּ֝לָתַ֗י לָאֹ֥רַח אֶפְתָּֽח׃ |
The foreigner has not had to lodge out in the open; I have opened my doors to the traveller. |
|
| Job 31:33 | אִם־כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺֽנִי׃ |
If I have covered my transgressions like Adam, By hiding my iniquity in my bosom, |
by hiding: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Job 31:34 | כִּ֤י אֶֽעֱר֨וֹץ ׀ הָ֘מ֤וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וּבוּז־מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת יְחִתֵּ֑נִי וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗ם לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח׃ |
Then may I fear a great multitude, And the contempt of families intimidating me, So that I become silent And do not go out of doors. |
|
| Job 31:35 | מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗י הֶן־תָּ֭וִי שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְסֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽי׃ |
If only I had someone who would listen to me. If only the Almighty would answer me with a written charge for me, And the one who is contending with me Would write out the case against me in a book. |
if only ← who will give.
a written charge: or a sign, root תָּוָה. AV differs, taking the word from root אָוָה, desire. the one ← the man. |
| Job 31:36 | אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִי אֶשָּׂאֶ֑נּוּ אֶֽעֶנְדֶ֖נּוּ עֲטָר֣וֹת לִֽי׃ |
I would certainly bear it on my shoulder And bind it to myself like crowns. |
I would certainly bear it: asseveration using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV). |
| Job 31:37 | מִסְפַּ֣ר צְ֭עָדַי אַגִּידֶ֑נּוּ כְּמוֹ־נָ֝גִ֗יד אֲקָרֲבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
I would declare the number of my steps; Like a prince I would approach him. |
|
| Job 31:38 | אִם־עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃ |
If my ground cries out against me, And if its furrows weep together, |
|
| Job 31:39 | אִם־כֹּ֭חָהּ אָכַ֣לְתִּי בְלִי־כָ֑סֶף וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי׃ |
If I have eaten the produce of it without paying, If I have caused the inner selves of those entitled to it to gasp, |
paying ← silver. Referring to the workers' wages.
inner selves ... gasp ← soul ... to breath out. AV differs (lose their life), which is also possible. |
| Job 31:40 | תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְתַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃ פ |
Then let thistles come up instead of wheat, And weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are complete.” |
|
| Job 32:1 | וַֽיִּשְׁבְּת֡וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָ֭אֵלֶּה מֵעֲנ֣וֹת אֶת־אִיּ֑וֹב כִּ֤י ה֖וּא צַדִּ֣יק בְּעֵינָֽיו׃ פ | Then these three men ceased answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. | |
| Job 32:2 | וַיִּ֤חַר אַ֨ף ׀ אֱלִיה֣וּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵ֣ל הַבּוּזִי֮ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֪חַ֫ת רָ֥ם בְּ֭אִיּוֹב חָרָ֣ה אַפּ֑וֹ עַֽל־צַדְּק֥וֹ נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ מֵאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | But the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, was kindled against Job. His anger was kindled because he justified himself rather than God. | himself ← his soul. |
| Job 32:3 | וּבִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת רֵעָיו֮ חָרָ֪ה אַ֫פּ֥וֹ עַ֤ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מַעֲנֶ֑ה וַ֝יַּרְשִׁ֗יעוּ אֶת־אִיּֽוֹב׃ | And his anger was kindled against his three friends, because they did not find an answer, and they condemned {P: God} [M: Job]. | An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= הָאֱלֹהִים. Here, AV reads the primitive text. |
| Job 32:4 | וֶֽאֱלִיה֗וּ חִכָּ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב בִּדְבָרִ֑ים כִּ֤י זְֽקֵנִים־הֵ֖מָּה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ לְיָמִֽים׃ | Now Elihu had waited for Job in his discourse, because they were older than him in days. |
discourse ← words.
than him: or, if the reader prefers, than he. |
| Job 32:5 | וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלִיה֗וּא כִּ֘י אֵ֤ין מַעֲנֶ֗ה בְּ֭פִי שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים וַיִּ֥חַר אַפּֽוֹ׃ פ | When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of the three men, his anger was kindled. | |
| Job 32:6 | וַיַּ֤עַן ׀ אֱלִיה֖וּא בֶן־בַּֽרַכְאֵ֥ל הַבּוּזִ֗י וַיֹּ֫אמַ֥ר צָ֘עִ֤יר אֲנִ֣י לְ֭יָמִים וְאַתֶּ֣ם יְשִׁישִׁ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֖ן זָחַ֥לְתִּי וָֽאִירָ֓א ׀ מֵחַוֺּ֖ת דֵּעִ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃ |
And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said,
“I am young in days, But you are aged, So I was diffident and fearful about declaring my opinion to you. |
|
| Job 32:7 | אָ֭מַרְתִּי יָמִ֣ים יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְרֹ֥ב שָׁ֝נִ֗ים יֹדִ֥יעוּ חָכְמָֽה׃ |
I said to myself, ‘Let days speak, And let years of life make wisdom known.’ |
|
| Job 32:8 | אָ֭כֵן רֽוּחַ־הִ֣יא בֶאֱנ֑וֹשׁ וְנִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י תְּבִינֵֽם׃ |
Surely there is a spirit in man, But it is the breath of the Almighty Which enlightens them. |
|
| Job 32:9 | לֹֽא־רַבִּ֥ים יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ וּ֝זְקֵנִ֗ים יָבִ֥ינוּ מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
It is not the great who are wise, Or elders who understand justice. |
|
| Job 32:10 | לָכֵ֣ן אָ֭מַרְתִּי שִׁמְעָה־לִּ֑י אֲחַוֶּ֖ה דֵּעִ֣י אַף־אָֽנִי׃ |
So I said, ‘Listen to me; I also will give my opinion.’ |
|
| Job 32:11 | הֵ֤ן הוֹחַ֨לְתִּי לְֽדִבְרֵיכֶ֗ם אָ֭זִין עַד־תְּב֥וּנֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם עַֽד־תַּחְקְר֥וּן מִלִּֽין׃ |
Behold, I have waited for your discourse; I gave ear to your expositions Until you had searched out all your arguments. |
arguments ← words, in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 32:12 | וְעָֽדֵיכֶ֗ם אֶתְבּ֫וֹנָ֥ן וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵ֣ין לְאִיּ֣וֹב מוֹכִ֑יחַ עוֹנֶ֖ה אֲמָרָ֣יו מִכֶּֽם׃ |
So I gave heed to you, But look, Job does not have anyone who has convicted him among you, Giving a proper answer to his words. |
|
| Job 32:13 | פֶּן־תֹּ֣֭אמְרוּ מָצָ֣אנוּ חָכְמָ֑ה אֵ֖ל יִדְּפֶ֣נּוּ לֹא־אִֽישׁ׃ |
I speak lest you should say, ‘We have found wisdom; It is God who is demolishing him, Not man.’ |
|
| Job 32:14 | וְלֹא־עָרַ֣ךְ אֵלַ֣י מִלִּ֑ין וּ֝בְאִמְרֵיכֶ֗ם לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃ |
He did not marshal his arguments against me, And neither shall I answer him with your orations.” |
arguments ← words, in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 32:15 | חַ֭תּוּ לֹא־עָ֣נוּ ע֑וֹד הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵהֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים׃ |
“They were confounded And they did not answer any more. Words failed them. |
Elihu seems to be addressing the reader.
words failed them ← they removed words from them, i.e. (their) words were ↴ |
| Job 32:16 | וְ֭הוֹחַלְתִּי כִּי־לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ כִּ֥י עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד׃ |
And I waited, But they did not speak, For they stood, Without answering any more.” |
↳ removed from them. Avoidance of the passive.
without answering ← and did not answer. |
| Job 32:17 | אַעֲנֶ֣ה אַף־אֲנִ֣י חֶלְקִ֑י אֲחַוֶּ֖ה דֵעִ֣י אַף־אָֽנִי׃ |
“I too will answer my part; I too will declare my opinion. |
Elihu speaks to Job and the friends. |
| Job 32:18 | כִּ֭י מָלֵ֣תִי מִלִּ֑ים הֱ֝צִיקַ֗תְנִי ר֣וּחַ בִּטְנִֽי׃ |
For I am full of words; The spirit of my inmost part constrains me. |
inmost part ← belly. |
| Job 32:19 | הִנֵּֽה־בִטְנִ֗י כְּיַ֥יִן לֹא־יִפָּתֵ֑חַ כְּאֹב֥וֹת חֲ֝דָשִׁ֗ים יִבָּקֵֽעַ׃ |
Behold, my belly is like unopened wine; Like new leather bottles, It is on the point of bursting. |
|
| Job 32:20 | אֲדַבְּרָ֥ה וְיִֽרְוַֽח־לִ֑י אֶפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתַ֣י וְאֶֽעֱנֶֽה׃ |
I will speak And it will give me relief; I will open my lips And answer. |
|
| Job 32:21 | אַל־נָ֭א אֶשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְאֶל־אָ֝דָ֗ם לֹ֣א אֲכַנֶּֽה׃ |
Let me not, I pray, show partiality, And let me not call any man by a title. |
show partiality ← lift the face of a man. |
| Job 32:22 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֲכַנֶּ֑ה כִּ֝מְעַ֗ט יִשָּׂאֵ֥נִי עֹשֵֽׂנִי׃ |
For I do not know how to call by titles. If I did, My maker would soon take me away. |
|
| Job 33:1 | וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁמַֽע־נָ֣א אִיּ֣וֹב מִלָּ֑י וְֽכָל־דְּבָרַ֥י הַאֲזִֽינָה׃ |
And so Job, please listen to my address, And give ear to all my words. |
address ← words, discourses. |
| Job 33:2 | הִנֵּה־נָ֭א פָּתַ֣חְתִּי פִ֑י דִּבְּרָ֖ה לְשׁוֹנִ֣י בְחִכִּֽי׃ |
Behold, I pray, I have opened my mouth; My tongue has spoken in my oral cavity. |
oral cavity ← palate. |
| Job 33:3 | יֹֽשֶׁר־לִבִּ֥י אֲמָרָ֑י וְדַ֥עַת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י בָּר֥וּר מִלֵּֽלוּ׃ |
My words are from the uprightness of my heart, And my lips speak knowledge clearly. |
|
| Job 33:4 | רֽוּחַ־אֵ֥ל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי וְנִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י תְּחַיֵּֽנִי׃ |
The spirit of God made me, And the breath of the Almighty gave me life. |
|
| Job 33:5 | אִם־תּוּכַ֥ל הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נִי עֶרְכָ֥ה לְ֝פָנַ֗י הִתְיַצָּֽבָה׃ |
If you can, answer me, Set out your arguments before me; Take your stand. |
|
| Job 33:6 | הֵן־אֲנִ֣י כְפִ֣יךָ לָאֵ֑ל מֵ֝חֹ֗מֶר קֹרַ֥צְתִּי גַם־אָֽנִי׃ |
You see, I am here, As you asked, On behalf of God. I too was formed from clay. |
as you asked ← according to your mouth. |
| Job 33:7 | הִנֵּ֣ה אֵ֭מָתִי לֹ֣א תְבַעֲתֶ֑ךָּ וְ֝אַכְפִּ֗י עָלֶ֥יךָ לֹא־יִכְבָּֽד׃ |
Behold, the shock of me need not frighten you, Nor will my demands weigh down on you. |
the shock of me ← my shock, a subjective genitive (I shock you).
demands ← palm of hand. |
| Job 33:8 | אַ֭ךְ אָמַ֣רְתָּ בְאָזְנָ֑י וְק֖וֹל מִלִּ֣ין אֶשְׁמָֽע׃ |
You certainly spoke in my ears, And I heard the sound of your words, When, Job, you said, |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 33:9 | זַ֥ךְ אֲנִ֗י בְּֽלִ֫י פָ֥שַׁע חַ֥ף אָנֹכִ֑י וְלֹ֖א עָוֺ֣ן לִֽי׃ |
‘I am pure, without transgression; I am faultless, And there is no iniquity in me. |
|
| Job 33:10 | הֵ֣ן תְּ֭נוּאוֹת עָלַ֣י יִמְצָ֑א יַחְשְׁבֵ֖נִי לְאוֹיֵ֣ב לֽוֹ׃ |
See how he finds a pretext against me; He considers me as his enemy. |
a pretext ← a hindrance, opposition. |
| Job 33:11 | יָשֵׂ֣ם בַּסַּ֣ד רַגְלָ֑י יִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר כָּל־אָרְחֹתָֽי׃ |
He places my feet in fetters; He watches all my paths.’ |
|
| Job 33:12 | הֶן־זֹ֣את לֹא־צָדַ֣קְתָּ אֶעֱנֶ֑ךָּ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ מֵאֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ |
Behold, in this argumentation you are not just, I answer you, For God is greater than man. |
|
| Job 33:13 | מַ֭דּוּעַ אֵלָ֣יו רִיב֑וֹתָ כִּ֥י כָל־דְּ֝בָרָ֗יו לֹ֣א־יַעֲנֶֽה׃ |
Why do you strive against him, In that he does not answer you Concerning any of his affairs? |
any ← all. |
| Job 33:14 | כִּֽי־בְאַחַ֥ת יְדַבֶּר־אֵ֑ל וּ֝בִשְׁתַּ֗יִם לֹ֣א יְשׁוּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
For on one occasion God may speak, And on a second occasion he may not attend to the matter. |
attend to ← view. AV differs, as does [CB], supplying man as the subject. God is temporarily not attending to Job's plight.
the matter ← it. |
| Job 33:15 | בַּחֲל֤וֹם ׀ חֶזְי֬וֹן לַ֗יְלָה בִּנְפֹ֣ל תַּ֭רְדֵּמָה עַל־אֲנָשִׁ֑ים בִּ֝תְנוּמ֗וֹת עֲלֵ֣י מִשְׁכָּֽב׃ |
In a dream, a nightly vision, When sleep falls on men, In slumber on the bed, |
|
| Job 33:16 | אָ֣ז יִ֭גְלֶה אֹ֣זֶן אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וּבְמֹ֖סָרָ֣ם יַחְתֹּֽם׃ |
He then opens up the ears of men, And in correcting them, He seals them, |
he seals them: LXX, reading יְחִתֵּם, has he terrifies them, a natural reading of the consonantal text. AV differs (He sealeth their instruction).
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be opened and inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Job 33:17 | לְ֭הָסִיר אָדָ֣ם מַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְגֵוָ֖ה מִגֶּ֣בֶר יְכַסֶּֽה׃ |
To remove man from his dealings And to put pride out of sight of men. |
|
| Job 33:18 | יַחְשֹׂ֣ךְ נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מִנִּי־שָׁ֑חַת וְ֝חַיָּת֗וֹ מֵעֲבֹ֥ר בַּשָּֽׁלַח׃ |
He spares his body from the pit, And his life from the piercing of a missile. |
body ← soul.
piercing ← passing through. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Job 33:19 | וְהוּכַ֣ח בְּ֭מַכְאוֹב עַל־מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ *וריב **וְר֖וֹב עֲצָמָ֣יו אֵתָֽן׃ |
He is corrected with pain on his bed, And {K: with mighty conflict in his bones} [Q: in the multitude of his bones with mighty pain], |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a yod / vav issue. |
| Job 33:20 | וְזִֽהֲמַ֣תּוּ חַיָּת֣וֹ לָ֑חֶם וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ מַאֲכַ֥ל תַּאֲוָֽה׃ |
So that his condition in life makes him lose appetite for food, And it makes his being reject exquisite fare. |
lose appetite for ← abhor.
food ← bread, standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. being ← soul. exquisite fare ← food of delight. |
| Job 33:21 | יִ֣כֶל בְּשָׂר֣וֹ מֵרֹ֑אִי *ושפי **וְשֻׁפּ֥וּ עַ֝צְמוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א רֻאּֽוּ׃ |
His flesh is consumed so as not to be visible, And {Q: his bones stick out,} [K: there is prominence to his bones] which previously would not be seen. |
The ketiv / qeré issue is a vav / yod issue.
so as not to be visible ← from sight. |
| Job 33:22 | וַתִּקְרַ֣ב לַשַּׁ֣חַת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְ֝חַיָּת֗וֹ לַֽמְמִתִֽים׃ |
And his being draws nearer to the pit, And his life to the killers. |
being ← soul.
pit: or corruption. |
| Job 33:23 | אִם־יֵ֤שׁ עָלָ֨יו ׀ מַלְאָ֗ךְ מֵלִ֗יץ אֶחָ֥ד מִנִּי־אָ֑לֶף לְהַגִּ֖יד לְאָדָ֣ם יָשְׁרֽוֹ׃ |
If there is an interpreting angel by his side – One out of a thousand – To declare to a man whether he is upright, |
whether he is upright ← his uprightness. AV differs, as does [CB], interpreting as God's righteousness. |
| Job 33:24 | וַיְחֻנֶּ֗נּוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר פְּ֭דָעֵהוּ מֵרֶ֥דֶת שָׁ֗חַת מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר׃ |
Then he will be merciful to him and will say, ‘Deliver him from going down into the pit; I have found a ransom.’ |
|
| Job 33:25 | רֻֽטֲפַ֣שׁ בְּשָׂר֣וֹ מִנֹּ֑עַר יָ֝שׁ֗וּב לִימֵ֥י עֲלוּמָֽיו׃ |
His flesh will be made fresher than that of his youth; He will return to the days of his young adulthood. |
|
| Job 33:26 | יֶעְתַּ֤ר אֶל־אֱל֨וֹהַּ ׀ וַיִּרְצֵ֗הוּ וַיַּ֣רְא פָּ֭נָיו בִּתְרוּעָ֑ה וַיָּ֥שֶׁב לֶ֝אֱנ֗וֹשׁ צִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ |
He will make supplication to God, And he will accept him, And he will see his face with a shout for joy, And he will render to man his righteousness. |
he will see his face: i.e. man will see God's face.
he will render to man his righteousness: i.e. God will render to man God's righteousness, as AV and Vulgate (iustitiam suam). |
| Job 33:27 | יָשֹׁ֤ר ׀ עַל־אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר חָ֭טָאתִי וְיָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי וְלֹא־שָׁ֥וָה לִֽי׃ |
He will look upon man, And if a man says, ‘I have sinned and perverted what is upright, And it did not satisfy me’, |
|
| Job 33:28 | פָּדָ֣ה *נפשי **נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מֵעֲבֹ֣ר בַּשָּׁ֑חַת *וחיתי **וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּא֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
He will deliver {Q: his} [K: my] being from passing into the pit, And {Q: his} [K: my] life will see light. |
The ketiv / qeré issues are yod / vav issues. The ketiv could be read as a continuation of the direct speech of the previous verse, with re-pointing to read ‘Deliver my being ... so that my life does not pass ...’.
life ← soul. |
| Job 33:29 | הֶן־כָּל־אֵ֭לֶּה יִפְעַל־אֵ֑ל פַּעֲמַ֖יִם שָׁל֣וֹשׁ עִם־גָּֽבֶר׃ |
See how God performs all these things, Twice or three times with man, |
twice or three times: i.e., AV [CB], often. |
| Job 33:30 | לְהָשִׁ֣יב נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מִנִּי־שָׁ֑חַת לֵ֝א֗וֹר בְּא֣וֹר הַֽחַיִּים׃ |
To bring back his life from the pit, And to be enlightened in the light of life. |
life ← soul. |
| Job 33:31 | הַקְשֵׁ֖ב אִיּ֥וֹב שְֽׁמַֽע־לִ֑י הַ֝חֲרֵ֗שׁ וְאָנֹכִ֥י אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ |
Hearken, Job, And listen to me; Be silent, And I will speak. |
|
| Job 33:32 | אִם־יֵשׁ־מִלִּ֥ין הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נִי דַּ֝בֵּ֗ר כִּֽי־חָפַ֥צְתִּי צַדְּקֶֽךָּ׃ |
If you have words, Answer me. Speak, For I wish to justify you. |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 33:33 | אִם־אַ֭יִן אַתָּ֥ה שְֽׁמַֽע־לִ֑י הַ֝חֲרֵ֗שׁ וַאֲאַלֶּפְךָ֥ חָכְמָֽה׃ ס |
If not, listen to me; Be silent, And I will teach you wisdom.” |
|
| Job 34:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אֱלִיה֗וּא וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Furthermore Elihu continued speaking and said, | continued speaking ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Job 34:2 | שִׁמְע֣וּ חֲכָמִ֣ים מִלָּ֑י וְ֝יֹדְעִ֗ים הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ לִֽי׃ |
“You who are wise, Hear my words, And you who are knowledgeable, Give ear to me. |
|
| Job 34:3 | כִּי־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶאֱכֹֽל׃ |
For the ear puts words to the test, As the palate tastes that which is to be eaten. |
words: in an Aramaic form.
to be eaten ← to eat, i.e. for eating. |
| Job 34:4 | מִשְׁפָּ֥ט נִבְחֲרָה־לָּ֑נוּ נֵדְעָ֖ה בֵינֵ֣ינוּ מַה־טּֽוֹב׃ |
Let us choose justice for ourselves; Let us find out among ourselves what is good. |
|
| Job 34:5 | כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר אִיּ֣וֹב צָדַ֑קְתִּי וְ֝אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃ |
For Job has said, ‘I am just, But God has taken away my justice. |
|
| Job 34:6 | עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב אָנ֖וּשׁ חִצִּ֣י בְלִי־פָֽשַׁע׃ |
Do I lie concerning my justice? The arrow with which I have been struck is grievous, Though I am without transgression.’ |
the arrow with which I have been struck ← my arrow.
grievous: or fatal. |
| Job 34:7 | מִי־גֶ֥בֶר כְּאִיּ֑וֹב יִֽשְׁתֶּה־לַּ֥עַג כַּמָּֽיִם׃ |
What man is like Job? He drinks mockery like water, |
he drinks mockery like water: [CB] interprets as he absorbs the scornful words of others, so not that he scorns. But see Job 15:16, and compare the tenor in Job 34:8 - 9. |
| Job 34:8 | וְאָרַ֣ח לְ֭חֶבְרָה עִם־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וְ֝לָלֶ֗כֶת עִם־אַנְשֵׁי־רֶֽשַׁע׃ |
And he travels in the company of perpetrators of iniquity, And he walks with wicked men. |
wicked men ← men of wickedness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 34:9 | כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר לֹ֣א יִסְכָּן־גָּ֑בֶר בִּ֝רְצֹת֗וֹ עִם־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For he has said, ‘It does not profit a man To take delight in God.’ |
|
| Job 34:10 | לָכֵ֤ן ׀ אַ֥נֲשֵׁ֥י לֵבָ֗ב שִׁמְע֫וּ לִ֥י חָלִ֖לָה לָאֵ֥ל מֵרֶ֗שַׁע וְשַׁדַּ֥י מֵעָֽוֶל׃ |
Therefore listen to me, you men of understanding. Far be God from wickedness, And the Almighty from iniquity. |
|
| Job 34:11 | כִּ֤י פֹ֣עַל אָ֭דָם יְשַׁלֶּם־ל֑וֹ וּֽכְאֹ֥רַח אִ֝֗ישׁ יַמְצִאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
For he repays a man his work, And according to the way of a man, So he requites him. |
|
| Job 34:12 | אַף־אָמְנָ֗ם אֵ֥ל לֹֽא־יַרְשִׁ֑יעַ וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗י לֹֽא־יְעַוֵּ֥ת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
It is indeed certain that God does not act wickedly, And that the Almighty does not pervert justice. |
|
| Job 34:13 | מִֽי־פָקַ֣ד עָלָ֣יו אָ֑רְצָה וּמִ֥י שָׂ֝֗ם תֵּבֵ֥ל כֻּלָּֽהּ׃ |
Who gave him charge over the earth? And who appointed him over the whole world? |
|
| Job 34:14 | אִם־יָשִׂ֣ים אֵלָ֣יו לִבּ֑וֹ רוּח֥וֹ וְ֝נִשְׁמָת֗וֹ אֵלָ֥יו יֶאֱסֹֽף׃ |
If he were to consider only himself, And to gather to himself his spirit and his breath, |
himself ← him. AV differs (man). |
| Job 34:15 | יִגְוַ֣ע כָּל־בָּשָׂ֣ר יָ֑חַד וְ֝אָדָ֗ם עַל־עָפָ֥ר יָשֽׁוּב׃ |
All flesh would expire together, And man would return to dust. |
|
| Job 34:16 | וְאִם־בִּ֥ינָה שִׁמְעָה־זֹּ֑את הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָה לְק֣וֹל מִלָּֽי׃ |
Now if you have understanding, Listen to this. Give ear to the sound of my words. |
|
| Job 34:17 | הַאַ֬ף שׂוֹנֵ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֣ט יַחֲב֑וֹשׁ וְאִם־צַדִּ֖יק כַּבִּ֣יר תַּרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
Can one who hates justice make binding laws? Or will you condemn the great just one? |
|
| Job 34:18 | הַאֲמֹ֣ר לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בְּלִיָּ֑עַל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע אֶל־נְדִיבִֽים׃ |
Is it fitting to say to a king, ‘You are useless’, Or to princes, ‘You are wicked’? |
|
| Job 34:19 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־נָשָׂ֨א ׀ פְּנֵ֥י שָׂרִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א נִכַּר־שׁ֭וֹעַ לִפְנֵי־דָ֑ל כִּֽי־מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדָ֣יו כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
How much less to him who does not show partiality to nobles, And who does not favour the opulent above the poor? For all of them are the work of his hands. |
|
| Job 34:20 | רֶ֤גַע ׀ יָמֻתוּ֮ וַחֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְיָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר לֹ֣א בְיָֽד׃ |
In a moment, they die, And in the middle of the night a people is shaken, And they pass away. A mighty people is removed, But not by hand. |
is removed ← they remove. Avoidance of the passive.
not by hand: i.e. not by human power, although men may be the agents of God's operation. |
| Job 34:21 | כִּי־עֵ֭ינָיו עַל־דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכָל־צְעָדָ֥יו יִרְאֶֽה׃ |
For his eyes are on the ways of man, And he sees all his steps. |
|
| Job 34:22 | אֵֽין־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וְאֵ֣ין צַלְמָ֑וֶת לְהִסָּ֥תֶר שָׁ֝֗ם פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ |
There is no darkness, And there is no shadow of death, For the perpetrators of iniquity to hide there. |
|
| Job 34:23 | כִּ֤י לֹ֣א עַל־אִ֭ישׁ יָשִׂ֣ים ע֑וֹד לַהֲלֹ֥ךְ אֶל־אֵ֝֗ל בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
For he no longer makes charges against man For him to enter into a judicial process with God; |
a judicial process ← judgment. |
| Job 34:24 | יָרֹ֣עַ כַּבִּירִ֣ים לֹא־חֵ֑קֶר וַיַּעֲמֵ֖ד אֲחֵרִ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם׃ |
He breaks the mighty in an unsearchable way And sets up others in their place. |
|
| Job 34:25 | לָכֵ֗ן יַ֭כִּיר מַעְבָּֽדֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָ֥פַךְ לַ֝֗יְלָה וְיִדַּכָּֽאוּ׃ |
So then, he recognizes their works And overturns them at night, And they are broken in pieces. |
|
| Job 34:26 | תַּֽחַת־רְשָׁעִ֥ים סְפָקָ֗ם בִּמְק֥וֹם רֹאִֽים׃ |
He strikes them on account of their wicked deeds In a place where people can see it, |
wicked deeds: usually wicked (men), but here wicked (deeds). |
| Job 34:27 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כֵּ֭ן סָ֣רוּ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֑יו וְכָל־דְּ֝רָכָ֗יו לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּֽילוּ׃ |
Because they turned away from following him, And they did not prudently attend to any of his ways, |
from following ← from after.
any ← all, but after a negative any, as in Job 33:13, Ps 10:4, Ps 59:6 (Ps 59:5AV) etc. |
| Job 34:28 | לְהָבִ֣יא עָ֭לָיו צַֽעֲקַת־דָּ֑ל וְצַעֲקַ֖ת עֲנִיִּ֣ים יִשְׁמָֽע׃ |
So bringing the cry of the poor to him, So that he heard the cry of the needy. |
|
| Job 34:29 | וְה֤וּא יַשְׁקִ֨ט ׀ וּמִ֥י יַרְשִׁ֗עַ וְיַסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נִים וּמִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ וְעַל־גּ֖וֹי וְעַל־אָדָ֣ם יָֽחַד׃ |
When he imposes quietness, Who can act wickedly? And when he hides his face, Who can see him? And whether it is against a people or whether against a man, It is the same. |
act wickedly: or condemn (it).
the same ← together. |
| Job 34:30 | מִ֭מְּלֹךְ אָדָ֥ם חָנֵ֗ף מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי עָֽם׃ |
He acts so that the profane man cannot reign, Giving protection from snares targeting the people. |
profane: see Job 8:13.
snares targeting the people ← snares of people, an objective genitive (they ensnare the people). |
| Job 34:31 | כִּֽי־אֶל־אֵ֭ל הֶאָמַ֥ר נָשָׂ֗אתִי לֹ֣א אֶחְבֹּֽל׃ |
For does one say to God, ‘I have suffered punishment; I will no longer act perversely. |
does one say: the pointing is with the interrogative prefix (הֶ for הַ) and an active verb (qal stem-formation). AV differs (surely it is meet to be said), suggesting the reading הֵאָמֵר (niphal stem-formation). |
| Job 34:32 | בִּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֶ֭חֱזֶה אַתָּ֣ה הֹרֵ֑נִי אִֽם־עָ֥וֶל פָּ֝עַ֗לְתִּי לֹ֣א אֹסִֽיף׃ |
Teach me what I do not see; If I have committed iniquity, I will do so no more.’ |
|
| Job 34:33 | הַֽמֵעִמְּךָ֬ יְשַׁלְמֶ֨נָּה כִּֽי־מָאַ֗סְתָּ כִּי־אַתָּ֣ה תִבְחַ֣ר וְלֹא־אָ֑נִי וּֽמַה־יָדַ֥עְתָּ דַבֵּֽר׃ |
Should he repay you for it on your terms, And say, ‘It does not matter if you reject one thing or choose another, And I have no say? So say what you know.’ |
on your terms ← from with you. |
| Job 34:34 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י לֵ֭בָב יֹ֣אמְרוּ לִ֑י וְגֶ֥בֶר חָ֝כָ֗ם שֹׁמֵ֥עַֽ לִֽי׃ |
Let men of understanding speak to me, And let the wise man listen to me. |
understanding ← heart. |
| Job 34:35 | אִ֭יּוֹב לֹא־בְדַ֣עַת יְדַבֵּ֑ר וּ֝דְבָרָ֗יו לֹ֣א בְהַשְׂכֵּֽיל׃ |
Job has not spoken knowledgeably, And his words were not prudent. |
knowledgeably ... prudent ← in knowledge ... in prudence. |
| Job 34:36 | אָבִ֗י יִבָּחֵ֣ן אִיּ֣וֹב עַד־נֶ֑צַח עַל־תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗ת בְּאַנְשֵׁי־אָֽוֶן׃ |
My desire is that Job should be tested to the limit, Because his answers were in line with those of iniquitous men. |
the limit ← perpetuity.
iniquitous men ← men of iniquity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 34:37 | כִּ֥י יֹ֘סִ֤יף עַֽל־חַטָּאת֣וֹ פֶ֭שַׁע בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ יִסְפּ֑וֹק וְיֶ֖רֶב אֲמָרָ֣יו לָאֵֽל׃ ס |
For he has added transgression to his sin; He has clapped his hands in our company And spoken at length against God.” |
clapped his hands: i.e. in derision.
in our company ← between us. spoken at length ← increased words. |
| Job 35:1 | וַיַּ֥עַן אֱלִיה֗וּ וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Furthermore Elihu continued speaking and said, | continued speaking ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Job 35:2 | הֲ֭זֹאת חָשַׁ֣בְתָּ לְמִשְׁפָּ֑ט אָ֝מַ֗רְתָּ צִדְקִ֥י מֵאֵֽל׃ |
“Did you think it was justice when you said, ‘My righteousness is greater than that of God’? |
it ← this. |
| Job 35:3 | כִּֽי־תֹ֭אמַר מַה־יִּסְכָּן־לָ֑ךְ מָֽה־אֹ֝עִ֗יל מֵֽחַטָּאתִֽי׃ |
For you asked what benefit you had, And you said, ‘What advantage is there to me in desisting from my sin?’ |
asked ← said. |
| Job 35:4 | אֲ֭נִי אֲשִֽׁיבְךָ֣ מִלִּ֑ין וְֽאֶת־רֵעֶ֥יךָ עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
I will reply to you with words And to your companions with you. |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 35:5 | הַבֵּ֣ט שָׁמַ֣יִם וּרְאֵ֑ה וְשׁ֥וּר שְׁ֝חָקִ֗ים גָּבְה֥וּ מִמֶּֽךָּ׃ |
Look at the heavens and see, And behold the clouds which are higher than you. |
|
| Job 35:6 | אִם־חָ֭טָאתָ מַה־תִּפְעָל־בּ֑וֹ וְרַבּ֥וּ פְ֝שָׁעֶ֗יךָ מַה־תַּעֲשֶׂה־לּֽוֹ׃ |
If you sin, What impact do you have on him? And if your transgressions are many, What effect do you have on him? |
|
| Job 35:7 | אִם־צָ֭דַקְתָּ מַה־תִּתֶּן־ל֑וֹ א֥וֹ מַה־מִיָּדְךָ֥ יִקָּֽח׃ |
If you are righteous, What will you give him? Or what will he accept from your hand? |
|
| Job 35:8 | לְאִישׁ־כָּמ֥וֹךָ רִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ וּלְבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם צִדְקָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Your wicked deed is one thing to a man like yourself, As is your righteousness to a son of Adam. |
One could supply at the end of this verse but another thing to God. |
| Job 35:9 | מֵ֭רֹב עֲשׁוּקִ֣ים יַזְעִ֑יקוּ יְשַׁוְּע֖וּ מִזְּר֣וֹעַ רַבִּֽים׃ |
Men may cry out on account of a multitude of oppressions; They may shout out because of the power of the mighty, |
power ← arm. |
| Job 35:10 | וְֽלֹא־אָמַ֗ר אַ֭יֵּה אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֹשָׂ֑י נֹתֵ֖ן זְמִר֣וֹת בַּלָּֽיְלָה׃ |
But no-one says, ‘Where is God my maker, Who gives songs in dark times, |
my maker: MT points as my makers, which we take as a plural of majesty, but the consonantal text could be read as my maker.
in dark times ← at night, but standing for in adversity. |
| Job 35:11 | מַ֭לְּפֵנוּ מִבַּהֲמ֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם יְחַכְּמֵֽנוּ׃ |
Who is our teacher of things beyond the cattle of the earth, And who makes us wise in matters deeper than the birds of the sky?’ |
|
| Job 35:12 | שָׁ֣ם יִ֭צְעֲקוּ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲנֶ֑ה מִ֝פְּנֵ֗י גְּא֣וֹן רָעִֽים׃ |
There, they cry out, But he does not answer them, Because of the pride of evil men. |
|
| Job 35:13 | אַךְ־שָׁ֭וְא לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗י לֹ֣א יְשׁוּרֶֽנָּה׃ |
Surely God does not hearken to vanity, And the Almighty does not see it favourably. |
|
| Job 35:14 | אַ֣ף כִּֽי־תֹ֭אמַר לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝פָנָ֗יו וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽל לֽוֹ׃ |
How much less when you would say to him, ‘You do not see it favourably.’ When judgment is taking place before him, Wait for him. |
|
| Job 35:15 | וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּי־אַ֭יִן פָּקַ֣ד אַפּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע בַּפַּ֣שׁ מְאֹֽד׃ |
And now, you say that it is not in anger That he visits men, And that he does not acknowledge great excess. |
excess: dictionaries give various meanings (excess, multitude, folly, transgression).
AV differs throughout. The verse is considered obscure by some (see biblehub.com). |
| Job 35:16 | וְ֭אִיּוֹב הֶ֣בֶל יִפְצֶה־פִּ֑יהוּ בִּבְלִי־דַ֝֗עַת מִלִּ֥ין יַכְבִּֽר׃ פ |
So Job has opened his mouth in vain, And he has uttered many words without knowledge.” |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 36:1 | וַיֹּ֥סֶף אֱלִיה֗וּא וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Elihu continued and said, | |
| Job 36:2 | כַּתַּר־לִ֣י זְ֭עֵיר וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כִּ֤י ע֖וֹד לֶאֱל֣וֹהַּ מִלִּֽים׃ |
“Stay around me a little while, And I will declare more to you, For God still has words to come. |
stay around me ← surround me. |
| Job 36:3 | אֶשָּׂ֣א דֵ֭עִי לְמֵרָח֑וֹק וּ֝לְפֹעֲלִ֗י אֶֽתֵּֽן־צֶֽדֶק׃ |
I will take the sum of my knowledge Which comes from afar And ascribe righteousness to my maker. |
|
| Job 36:4 | כִּֽי־אָ֭מְנָם לֹא־שֶׁ֣קֶר מִלָּ֑י תְּמִ֖ים דֵּע֣וֹת עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
For truly, my words are not false; He who is omniscient is with you. |
omniscient ← complete of knowledges. |
| Job 36:5 | הֶן־אֵ֣ל כַּ֭בִּיר וְלֹ֣א יִמְאָ֑ס כַּ֝בִּ֗יר כֹּ֣חַֽ לֵֽב׃ |
Behold, God is mighty, And he does not reject anyone; He is mighty in depth of character. |
depth of character ← strength of heart, implying here understanding, love, courage etc. |
| Job 36:6 | לֹא־יְחַיֶּ֥ה רָשָׁ֑ע וּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט עֲנִיִּ֣ים יִתֵּֽן׃ |
He does not preserve the wicked man alive, But gives justice to the poor. |
|
| Job 36:7 | לֹֽא־יִגְרַ֥ע מִצַּדִּ֗יק עֵ֫ינָ֥יו וְאֶת־מְלָכִ֥ים לַכִּסֵּ֑א וַיֹּשִׁיבֵ֥ם לָ֝נֶ֗צַח וַיִּגְבָּֽהוּ׃ |
He will not withdraw his eyes from the righteous, For he seats them with kings on the throne, And he accommodates them in perpetuity, And they are exalted. |
|
| Job 36:8 | וְאִם־אֲסוּרִ֥ים בַּזִּקִּ֑ים יִ֝לָּכְד֗וּן בְּחַבְלֵי־עֹֽנִי׃ |
And if any are bound in fetters, If they are taken by the cords of affliction, |
|
| Job 36:9 | וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לָהֶ֣ם פָּעֳלָ֑ם וּ֝פִשְׁעֵיהֶ֗ם כִּ֣י יִתְגַּבָּֽרוּ׃ |
Then he tells them their work, Including their transgressions, When they behaved insolently. |
|
| Job 36:10 | וַיִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָם לַמּוּסָ֑ר וַ֝יֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־יְשֻׁב֥וּן מֵאָֽוֶן׃ |
And he opens their ears to correction, And tells them that they must renounce iniquity. |
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be opened and inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26.
renounce ← return from. |
| Job 36:11 | אִֽם־יִשְׁמְע֗וּ וְֽיַ֫עֲבֹ֥דוּ יְכַלּ֣וּ יְמֵיהֶ֣ם בַּטּ֑וֹב וּ֝שְׁנֵיהֶ֗ם בַּנְּעִימִֽים׃ |
If they hearken and serve him, They will complete their days in prosperity, And their years in pleasantness. |
|
| Job 36:12 | וְאִם־לֹ֣א יִ֭שְׁמְעוּ בְּשֶׁ֣לַח יַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְ֝יִגְוְע֗וּ כִּבְלִי־דָֽעַת׃ |
But if they do not hearken, They will perish by the missile, And they will expire in ignorance. |
in ignorance ← as without knowledge. |
| Job 36:13 | וְֽחַנְפֵי־לֵ֭ב יָשִׂ֣ימוּ אָ֑ף לֹ֥א יְ֝שַׁוְּע֗וּ כִּ֣י אֲסָרָֽם׃ |
And the profane-minded lay up wrath; They cannot cry out, For he binds them. |
profane-minded ← profane of heart. See Job 8:13. |
| Job 36:14 | תָּמֹ֣ת בַּנֹּ֣עַר נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם בַּקְּדֵשִֽׁים׃ |
They die in youth, And their life ends among male prostitutes. |
they die ← their soul dies. |
| Job 36:15 | יְחַלֵּ֣ץ עָנִ֣י בְעָנְי֑וֹ וְיִ֖גֶל בַּלַּ֣חַץ אָזְנָֽם׃ |
He delivers the afflicted in his affliction, And he opens their ears in their oppression. |
ears ← ear. Singular in Hebrew because one ear per person to be opened and inclined. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Job 36:16 | וְאַ֤ף הֲסִיתְךָ֨ ׀ מִפִּי־צָ֗ר רַ֭חַב לֹא־מוּצָ֣ק תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ וְנַ֥חַת שֻׁ֝לְחָנְךָ֗ מָ֣לֵא דָֽשֶׁן׃ |
And indeed he would draw you away from the jaws of straitness To a broad place So that there is no distress in the vicinity, And that which is set on your table Would be full of fatness. |
jaws ← mouth.
in the vicinity ← under her, generalizing, because there is no obvious antecedent. |
| Job 36:17 | וְדִין־רָשָׁ֥ע מָלֵ֑אתָ דִּ֖ין וּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט יִתְמֹֽכוּ׃ |
But you are full of judgment belonging to the wicked; Judgment and justice are taking hold of you. |
belonging to: wider use of the construct state. |
| Job 36:18 | כִּֽי־חֵ֭מָה פֶּן־יְסִֽיתְךָ֣ בְסָ֑פֶק וְרָב־כֹּ֝֗פֶר אַל־יַטֶּֽךָּ׃ |
When there is fury, Beware lest he draw you away at a stroke, To where no great ransom can lead you back. |
lead you back ← lead you away. |
| Job 36:19 | הֲיַעֲרֹ֣ךְ שׁ֭וּעֲךָ לֹ֣א בְצָ֑ר וְ֝כֹ֗ל מַאֲמַצֵּי־כֹֽחַ׃ |
Will he respect your riches, You who are not in straitness? No, nor will he respect any exercise of power. |
in straitness: AV differs (gold), only here and a related word in Job 22:24 and Job 22:25, but it is a possible alternative.
any ← all. exercise of power ← forces of power. |
| Job 36:20 | אַל־תִּשְׁאַ֥ף הַלָּ֑יְלָה לַעֲל֖וֹת עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם׃ |
Do not desire the night, When whole peoples are upheaved on the spot. |
on the spot ← under them. |
| Job 36:21 | הִ֭שָּׁמֶר אַל־תֵּ֣פֶן אֶל־אָ֑וֶן כִּֽי־עַל־זֶ֝֗ה בָּחַ֥רְתָּ מֵעֹֽנִי׃ |
Beware and do not turn to iniquity, For you have chosen this way Rather than the way of affliction. |
|
| Job 36:22 | הֶן־אֵ֭ל יַשְׂגִּ֣יב בְּכֹח֑וֹ מִ֖י כָמֹ֣הוּ מוֹרֶֽה׃ |
You see how God exalts by his power. Who is a teacher like him? |
|
| Job 36:23 | מִֽי־פָקַ֣ד עָלָ֣יו דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּמִֽי־אָ֝מַ֗ר פָּעַ֥לְתָּ עַוְלָֽה׃ |
Who appointed him his way? And who can say, ‘You have committed iniquity’? |
|
| Job 36:24 | זְ֭כֹר כִּֽי־תַשְׂגִּ֣יא פָעֳל֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר שֹׁרְר֣וּ אֲנָשִֽׁים׃ |
Remember this when you extol his work, Which men gaze upon. |
gaze upon: from שׁוּר; or celebrate, from שִׁיר (in polel stem-formation). See next verse. |
| Job 36:25 | כָּל־אָדָ֥ם חָֽזוּ־ב֑וֹ אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ יַבִּ֥יט מֵרָחֽוֹק׃ |
All men have seen it; Mortal man beholds it from afar. |
|
| Job 36:26 | הֶן־אֵ֣ל שַׂ֭גִּיא וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע מִסְפַּ֖ר שָׁנָ֣יו וְלֹא־חֵֽקֶר׃ |
Behold, God is exalted, And we do not know the number of his years, And there is no way of searching them out. |
We have grouped the words according to the copulative vavs, AV differs, as does MT (and we know him not, neither can the number of his years be searched out). |
| Job 36:27 | כִּ֭י יְגָרַ֣ע נִטְפֵי־מָ֑יִם יָזֹ֖קּוּ מָטָ֣ר לְאֵדֽוֹ׃ |
For he draws off particles of water Which condense as rain in his mist |
his mist: AV differs (the vapour thereof). Vapour is accurate, but there is no antecedent to thereof. |
| Job 36:28 | אֲשֶֽׁר־יִזְּל֥וּ שְׁחָקִ֑ים יִ֝רְעֲפ֗וּ עֲלֵ֤י ׀ אָדָ֬ם רָֽב׃ |
And distil as fine clouds; They precipitate on man abundantly. |
|
| Job 36:29 | אַ֣ף אִם־יָ֭בִין מִפְרְשֵׂי־עָ֑ב תְּ֝שֻׁא֗וֹת סֻכָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Can anyone really understand the spreading out of clouds Or the rumblings of his abode? |
|
| Job 36:30 | הֵן־פָּרַ֣שׂ עָלָ֣יו אוֹר֑וֹ וְשָׁרְשֵׁ֖י הַיָּ֣ם כִּסָּֽה׃ |
Behold, he spreads his light out over it And covers the sea bed. |
bed ← roots. [BDB] gives bottom. |
| Job 36:31 | כִּי־בָ֭ם יָדִ֣ין עַמִּ֑ים יִֽתֶּן־אֹ֥כֶל לְמַכְבִּֽיר׃ |
Yet by these weather phenomena he judges nations And gives food abundantly. |
|
| Job 36:32 | עַל־כַּפַּ֥יִם כִּסָּה־א֑וֹר וַיְצַ֖ו עָלֶ֣יהָ בְמַפְגִּֽיעַ׃ |
With his hands he grasps the lightning And commands it where to strike. |
grasps ← envelops.
lightning ← light. where to strike ← to its meeting (point). AV differs, not recognizing the context of lightning. |
| Job 36:33 | יַגִּ֣יד עָלָ֣יו רֵע֑וֹ מִ֝קְנֶ֗ה אַ֣ף עַל־עוֹלֶֽה׃ |
Its noise warns of it; Cattle do so too, Of what is arising. |
warns ← tells. |
| Job 37:1 | אַף־לְ֭זֹאת יֶחֱרַ֣ד לִבִּ֑י וְ֝יִתַּ֗ר מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Moreover, at this my heart trembles, And it is unsettled. |
unsettled ← loosed from its place. |
| Job 37:2 | שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמ֣וֹעַ בְּרֹ֣גֶז קֹל֑וֹ וְ֝הֶ֗גֶה מִפִּ֥יו יֵצֵֽא׃ |
Listen diligently to the raging of his voice, And the rumbling which proceeds from his mouth. |
listen diligently: infinitive absolute. |
| Job 37:3 | תַּֽחַת־כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֥יִם יִשְׁרֵ֑הוּ וְ֝אוֹר֗וֹ עַל־כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
He directs it under all the heavens, And his light extends to the extremities of the earth. |
extremities ← wings. |
| Job 37:4 | אַחֲרָ֤יו ׀ יִשְׁאַג־ק֗וֹל יַ֭רְעֵם בְּק֣וֹל גְּאוֹנ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְ֝עַקְּבֵ֗ם כִּֽי־יִשָּׁמַ֥ע קוֹלֽוֹ׃ |
After it, the sound roars. He causes thunder with his majestic sound, And no-one can trace these things When his voice is heard. |
his majestic sound ← the sound of his majesty, a Hebraic genitive.
no-one can trace: AV differs (he will not stay). these things ← them, but no single plural antecedent. |
| Job 37:5 | יַרְעֵ֤ם אֵ֣ל בְּ֭קוֹלוֹ נִפְלָא֑וֹת עֹשֶׂ֥ה גְ֝דֹל֗וֹת וְלֹ֣א נֵדָֽע׃ |
God thunders with his voice wondrously, Performing great deeds Which we do not know about. |
|
| Job 37:6 | כִּ֤י לַשֶּׁ֨לַג ׀ יֹאמַ֗ר הֱוֵ֫א אָ֥רֶץ וְגֶ֥שֶׁם מָטָ֑ר וְ֝גֶ֗שֶׁם מִטְר֥וֹת עֻזּֽוֹ׃ |
For to the snow he says, ‘Be on the earth’, And similarly to the showery rain And to his strong heavy downpours. |
his strong heavy downpours ← the heavy downpours of his strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 37:7 | בְּיַד־כָּל־אָדָ֥ם יַחְתּ֑וֹם לָ֝דַ֗עַת כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י מַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ |
He puts an end to the work of every man, So that all men may know of his workmanship. |
puts an end to the work ← seals in the hand.
so that all men may know of his workmanship ← for the knowing of all men of his workmanship. |
| Job 37:8 | וַתָּבֹ֣א חַיָּ֣ה בְמוֹ־אָ֑רֶב וּבִמְע֖וֹנֹתֶ֣יהָ תִשְׁכֹּֽן׃ |
Then the wild animal comes to its lair, And dwells in its den. |
|
| Job 37:9 | מִן־הַ֭חֶדֶר תָּב֣וֹא סוּפָ֑ה וּֽמִמְּזָרִ֥ים קָרָֽה׃ |
From the south comes the whirlwind, And from the north comes the cold. |
south ← room, chamber. Only here as a word on its own for south, but combined with a more common word for south (תֵּמָן) in Job 9:9.
north ← scatterers, only here. Others take it as a constellation. |
| Job 37:10 | מִנִּשְׁמַת־אֵ֥ל יִתֶּן־קָ֑רַח וְרֹ֖חַב מַ֣יִם בְּמוּצָֽק׃ |
From God's breath, he makes ice, And the expanse of water is changed to solid. |
expanse ← breadth. |
| Job 37:11 | אַף־בְּ֭רִי יַטְרִ֣יחַ עָ֑ב יָ֝פִ֗יץ עֲנַ֣ן אוֹרֽוֹ׃ |
Also with moisture he gives the thick cloud a payload, But his sunlight dissipates a dense haze. |
gives ... a payload ← loads, burdens.
sunlight: AV differs (bright), an adjective qualifying cloud. |
| Job 37:12 | וְה֤וּא מְסִבּ֨וֹת ׀ מִתְהַפֵּ֣ךְ *בתחבולתו **בְּתַחְבּוּלֹתָ֣יו לְפָעֳלָ֑ם כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְצַוֵּ֓ם ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י תֵבֵ֣ל אָֽרְצָה׃ |
Each turns round and round According to his {K: direction} [Q: directions] for them to act. They do everything he commands them On the face of the inhabited regions on earth. |
each ← he / it. “Each” anticipates a plural verb in the next clause.
turns round and round ← turns (in) revolutions. inhabited regions ← (inhabited) world. |
| Job 37:13 | אִם־לְשֵׁ֥בֶט אִם־לְאַרְצ֑וֹ אִם־לְ֝חֶ֗סֶד יַמְצִאֵֽהוּ׃ |
He brings it about, Whether as chastisement Or for his land Or as mercy. |
chastisement ← a rod. |
| Job 37:14 | הַאֲזִ֣ינָה זֹּ֣את אִיּ֑וֹב עֲ֝מֹ֗ד וְהִתְבּוֹנֵ֤ן ׀ נִפְלְא֬וֹת אֵֽל׃ |
Hearken to this, Job; Stand still and contemplate God's wonders. |
|
| Job 37:15 | הֲ֭תֵדַע בְּשׂוּם־אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝הוֹפִ֗יעַ א֣וֹר עֲנָנֽוֹ׃ |
Do you know how God directs them Or causes his lightning to flash? |
his lightning to flash ← the light of his cloud to shine. |
| Job 37:16 | הֲ֭תֵדַע עַל־מִפְלְשֵׂי־עָ֑ב מִ֝פְלְא֗וֹת תְּמִ֣ים דֵּעִֽים׃ |
Do you know about the technicalities of the cloud? Or the wondrous works of the omniscient one? |
technicalities ← balancings.
omniscient ← complete of knowledge, as in Job 36:4. |
| Job 37:17 | אֲשֶׁר־בְּגָדֶ֥יךָ חַמִּ֑ים בְּהַשְׁקִ֥ט אֶ֝֗רֶץ מִדָּרֽוֹם׃ |
Or how it is that your clothing is warm When he quietens the land with wind from the south? |
|
| Job 37:18 | תַּרְקִ֣יעַ עִ֭מּוֹ לִשְׁחָקִ֑ים חֲ֝זָקִ֗ים כִּרְאִ֥י מוּצָֽק׃ |
Can you stretch out the skies with him, Firmly, like a cast mirror? |
|
| Job 37:19 | ה֭וֹדִיעֵנוּ מַה־נֹּ֣אמַר ל֑וֹ לֹ֥א־נַ֝עֲרֹ֗ךְ מִפְּנֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
Teach us what we should say to him, For we cannot marshal our arguments, Because we are in darkness. |
|
| Job 37:20 | הַֽיְסֻפַּר־ל֭וֹ כִּ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר אִֽם־אָ֥מַר אִ֝֗ישׁ כִּ֣י יְבֻלָּֽע׃ |
Does it need to be reported to him When I speak? If a man speaks perniciously, Will it not follow that he will be swallowed up? |
|
| Job 37:21 | וְעַתָּ֤ה ׀ לֹ֘א רָ֤אוּ א֗וֹר בָּהִ֣יר ה֭וּא בַּשְּׁחָקִ֑ים וְר֥וּחַ עָ֝בְרָ֗ה וַֽתְּטַהֲרֵֽם׃ |
And now men do not see the light. It is bright in the upper sky When the wind has passed through and cleaned it. |
|
| Job 37:22 | מִ֭צָּפוֹן זָהָ֣ב יֶֽאֱתֶ֑ה עַל־אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ נ֣וֹרָא הֽוֹד׃ |
Golden light comes from the north; Upon God is awesome splendour. |
|
| Job 37:23 | שַׁדַּ֣י לֹֽא־מְ֭צָאנֻהוּ שַׂגִּיא־כֹ֑חַ וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט וְרֹב־צְ֝דָקָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְעַנֶּֽה׃ |
We cannot find the Almighty. He is great in power and justice, And abundant in righteousness. He does not afflict. |
afflict: this could be re-pointed to answer.
abundant in ← abundant of. |
| Job 37:24 | לָ֭כֵן יְרֵא֣וּהוּ אֲנָשִׁ֑ים לֹֽא־יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה כָּל־חַכְמֵי־לֵֽב׃ פ |
Therefore men fear him; None of the wise in heart can see him.” |
none ... can see him: AV differs (he respecteth not any).
wise in heart: i.e. wise in their own estimation. |
| Job 38:1 | וַיַּֽעַן־יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב *מנ *הסערה **מִ֥ן ׀ **הַסְּעָרָ֗ה וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then the Lord answered Job from a whirlwind and said, | from a whirlwind ← from the whirlwind. The ketiv is written as one word; the qeré as two. There is no difference in the meaning. On the unexpected definite article, see Gen 22:9. |
| Job 38:2 | מִ֤י זֶ֨ה ׀ מַחְשִׁ֖יךְ עֵצָ֥ה בְמִלִּ֗ין בְּֽלִי־דָֽעַת׃ |
“Who is this who darkens counsel With words without knowledge? |
words: in an Aramaic form. |
| Job 38:3 | אֱזָר־נָ֣א כְגֶ֣בֶר חֲלָצֶ֑יךָ וְ֝אֶשְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Gird up your waist like a man, And I will question you, And you can answer me. |
answer me ← cause me to know. |
| Job 38:4 | אֵיפֹ֣ה הָ֭יִיתָ בְּיָסְדִי־אָ֑רֶץ הַ֝גֵּ֗ד אִם־יָדַ֥עְתָּ בִינָֽה׃ |
Where were you when I founded the earth? Declare it, if you have understanding. |
have understanding ← know understanding. |
| Job 38:5 | מִי־שָׂ֣ם מְ֭מַדֶּיהָ כִּ֣י תֵדָ֑ע א֤וֹ מִֽי־נָטָ֖ה עָלֶ֣יהָ קָּֽו׃ |
Who sets its dimensions? Tell me, if you know. Or who stretched out a measuring line over it? |
|
| Job 38:6 | עַל־מָ֭ה אֲדָנֶ֣יהָ הָטְבָּ֑עוּ א֥וֹ מִֽי־יָ֝רָ֗ה אֶ֣בֶן פִּנָּתָֽהּ׃ |
On what are its foundations sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone? |
foundations ← sockets, as for the tabernacle. |
| Job 38:7 | בְּרָן־יַ֭חַד כּ֣וֹכְבֵי בֹ֑קֶר וַ֝יָּרִ֗יעוּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
– When the morning stars sang out together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? |
sons of God ← angels. |
| Job 38:8 | וַיָּ֣סֶךְ בִּדְלָתַ֣יִם יָ֑ם בְּ֝גִיח֗וֹ מֵרֶ֥חֶם יֵצֵֽא׃ |
– And when he enclosed the sea with doors, When it broke out? – When it came out of the womb? |
|
| Job 38:9 | בְּשׂוּמִ֣י עָנָ֣ן לְבֻשׁ֑וֹ וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל חֲתֻלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
– When I appointed the cloud to be its clothing, And the dark cloud to be its swaddling clothes? |
|
| Job 38:10 | וָאֶשְׁבֹּ֣ר עָלָ֣יו חֻקִּ֑י וָֽ֝אָשִׂ֗ים בְּרִ֣יחַ וּדְלָתָֽיִם׃ |
– And when I imposed my limit on it And appointed bolts and doors? |
imposed my limit ← broke my statute.
bolts ← bolt. |
| Job 38:11 | וָאֹמַ֗ר עַד־פֹּ֣ה תָ֭בוֹא וְלֹ֣א תֹסִ֑יף וּפֹ֥א־יָ֝שִׁ֗ית בִּגְא֥וֹן גַּלֶּֽיךָ׃ |
– And said, ‘You come this far and no further’, And there the rising up of your waves was blocked? |
there ← here.
was blocked ← he / one set / blocked. [AnLx] indicates impersonal usage in this verse. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Job 38:12 | הְֽ֭מִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּ֣יתָ בֹּ֑קֶר *ידעתה *שחר **יִדַּ֖עְתָּה **הַשַּׁ֣חַר מְקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Have you in all your days ever commanded the morning? Or have you informed the dawn of its place? |
informed the dawn: the qeré adds a hé to the word for dawn, which is perhaps unnecessary as the previous word ends in a superfluous hé. The sense is not affected. |
| Job 38:13 | לֶ֭אֱחֹז בְּכַנְפ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִנָּעֲר֖וּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ |
Do you know how to take hold of the extremities of the earth So that the wicked are shaken out of it? |
extremities ← wings. |
| Job 38:14 | תִּ֭תְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹ֣מֶר חוֹתָ֑ם וְ֝יִֽתְיַצְּב֗וּ כְּמ֣וֹ לְבֽוּשׁ׃ |
Or how the earth is changed like clay under a seal? Or how morning and dawn stand out as an adornment? |
clay under a seal ← clay (before firing) of a seal. Wider use of the construct state.
an adornment ← a robe. AV differs (a garment). AV differs in that it does not supply nouns as we have. |
| Job 38:15 | וְיִמָּנַ֣ע מֵרְשָׁעִ֣ים אוֹרָ֑ם וּזְר֥וֹעַ רָ֝מָ֗ה תִּשָּׁבֵֽר׃ |
– And how their light is withheld from the wicked, And an uplifted arm is broken? |
their light is withheld from the wicked: perhaps meaning the wicked cannot make use of morning and dawn's (v.12) light. It is tempting to translate as (by) their light the wicked are hindered, since ↴ |
| Job 38:16 | הֲ֭בָאתָ עַד־נִבְכֵי־יָ֑ם וּבְחֵ֥קֶר תְּ֝ה֗וֹם הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּ׃ |
Have you been to the founts of the sea? Or have you walked about in the deep for investigations? |
↳ thieves operate at night, and so are hindered by the dawn, but this is grammatically difficult to defend.
been ← come. |
| Job 38:17 | הֲנִגְל֣וּ לְ֭ךָ שַׁעֲרֵי־מָ֑וֶת וְשַׁעֲרֵ֖י צַלְמָ֣וֶת תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Or have you seen the portals of the shadow of death? |
gates ... portals ← gates ... gates. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Job 38:18 | הִ֭תְבֹּנַנְתָּ עַד־רַחֲבֵי־אָ֑רֶץ הַ֝גֵּ֗ד אִם־יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ׃ |
Do you have understanding of the wide places of the earth? Tell me, if you know all this. |
of ← up to.
all this ← all of it. |
| Job 38:19 | אֵי־זֶ֣ה הַ֭דֶּרֶךְ יִשְׁכָּן־א֑וֹר וְ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ אֵי־זֶ֥ה מְקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Where is the way to where light dwells? And as for darkness, where is its place? |
|
| Job 38:20 | כִּ֣י תִ֭קָּחֶנּוּ אֶל־גְּבוּל֑וֹ וְכִֽי־תָ֝בִ֗ין נְתִיב֥וֹת בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ |
Did you take it to its boundary, And do you understand the paths to its abode? |
paths to its abode ← paths of its abode. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Job 38:21 | יָ֭דַעְתָּ כִּי־אָ֣ז תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וּמִסְפַּ֖ר יָמֶ֣יךָ רַבִּֽים׃ |
Do you know this? For if you did, You would have to have been born at that time, And your days would be very many. |
at that time ← then. |
| Job 38:22 | הֲ֭בָאתָ אֶל־אֹצְר֣וֹת שָׁ֑לֶג וְאֹצְר֖וֹת בָּרָ֣ד תִּרְאֶֽה׃ |
Have you been to the treasuries of snow? Or have you seen the repositories of hail, |
been ← come.
treasuries ... repositories ← treasuries ... treasuries. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Job 38:23 | אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׂ֥כְתִּי לְעֶת־צָ֑ר לְי֥וֹם קְ֝רָ֗ב וּמִלְחָמָֽה׃ |
Which I have reserved for the time of adversity – For the day of battle and war? |
|
| Job 38:24 | אֵי־זֶ֣ה הַ֭דֶּרֶךְ יֵחָ֣לֶק א֑וֹר יָפֵ֖ץ קָדִ֣ים עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ |
In what way does light divide itself? In what way does the east wind spread out over the earth? |
|
| Job 38:25 | מִֽי־פִלַּ֣ג לַשֶּׁ֣טֶף תְּעָלָ֑ה וְ֝דֶ֗רֶךְ לַחֲזִ֥יז קֹלֽוֹת׃ |
Who cut out a channel for a deluge? – Or a route for lightning in a thunderstorm? |
a thunderstorm ← voices; sounds. |
| Job 38:26 | לְ֭הַמְטִיר עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ לֹא־אִ֑ישׁ מִ֝דְבָּ֗ר לֹא־אָדָ֥ם בּֽוֹ׃ |
– To cause it to rain on an earth where no man is, On a desert in which no person lives? |
|
| Job 38:27 | לְהַשְׂבִּ֣יעַ שֹׁ֭אָה וּמְשֹׁאָ֑ה וּ֝לְהַצְמִ֗יחַ מֹ֣צָא דֶֽשֶׁא׃ |
– To satiate desolate ground and desolated tracts So as to cause the growth of sprouting grass? |
|
| Job 38:28 | הֲיֵשׁ־לַמָּטָ֥ר אָ֑ב א֥וֹ מִי־ה֝וֹלִ֗יד אֶגְלֵי־טָֽל׃ |
Does rain have a father? Or who begot the dewdrops? |
|
| Job 38:29 | מִבֶּ֣טֶן מִ֭י יָצָ֣א הַקָּ֑רַח וּכְפֹ֥ר שָׁ֝מַיִם מִ֣י יְלָדֽוֹ׃ |
Out of whose womb does ice come? And who gives birth to heaven's hoarfrost? |
|
| Job 38:30 | כָּ֭אֶבֶן מַ֣יִם יִתְחַבָּ֑אוּ וּפְנֵ֥י תְ֝ה֗וֹם יִתְלַכָּֽדוּ׃ |
Like a stone, the water becomes hidden, And the surface of the deep solidifies. |
solidifies ← captures / holds itself (together), i.e. freezes over. |
| Job 38:31 | הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת כִּימָ֑ה אֽוֹ־מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃ |
Can you bind the delights of the Pleiades? Or can you loose the cords of Orion? |
A reference to cosmic forces. Binding is forbidding and loosing is allowing, so the picture is of forbidding the voluntary company of the stars of the Pleiades, and releasing the forced association of the stars of Orion, so changing the arrangement of both. |
| Job 38:32 | הֲתֹצִ֣יא מַזָּר֣וֹת בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶ֥יהָ תַנְחֵֽם׃ |
Can you bring out each sign of the zodiac in its season? Or can you guide Arcturus with his sons? |
Arcturus: or the Plough. Arcturus is the brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere. |
| Job 38:33 | הֲ֭יָדַעְתָּ חֻקּ֣וֹת שָׁמָ֑יִם אִם־תָּשִׂ֖ים מִשְׁטָר֣וֹ בָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Do you know the physical laws of the sky? Can you appoint their dominion over the earth? |
physical laws ← statutes. |
| Job 38:34 | הֲתָרִ֣ים לָעָ֣ב קוֹלֶ֑ךָ וְֽשִׁפְעַת־מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ׃ |
Can you lift up your voice to the clouds, Commanding them that plenteous water should cover you? |
plenteous water ← plenteousness of water, a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Job 38:35 | הַֽתְשַׁלַּ֣ח בְּרָקִ֣ים וְיֵלֵ֑כוּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ לְךָ֣ הִנֵּֽנוּ׃ |
Can you send lightning strikes, So that they go and say to you, ‘Here we are’? |
here we are ← behold us. |
| Job 38:36 | מִי־שָׁ֭ת בַּטֻּח֣וֹת חָכְמָ֑ה א֤וֹ מִֽי־נָתַ֖ן לַשֶּׂ֣כְוִי בִינָֽה׃ |
Who put wisdom in the inward parts? Or who gave understanding to the mind? |
|
| Job 38:37 | מִֽי־יְסַפֵּ֣ר שְׁחָקִ֣ים בְּחָכְמָ֑ה וְנִבְלֵ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם מִ֣י יַשְׁכִּֽיב׃ |
Who can count the clouds in wisdom? And who can stop up heaven's bottles? |
count: or describe.
stop up: or pour out. |
| Job 38:38 | בְּצֶ֣קֶת עָ֭פָר לַמּוּצָ֑ק וּרְגָבִ֥ים יְדֻבָּֽקוּ׃ |
– When dust is cast into a solid, And clods of earth cleave together? |
|
| Job 38:39 | הֲתָצ֣וּד לְלָבִ֣יא טָ֑רֶף וְחַיַּ֖ת כְּפִירִ֣ים תְּמַלֵּֽא׃ |
Can you hunt for prey for the lion? And can you feed the lion cubs? |
feed ← fill the life. |
| Job 38:40 | כִּי־יָשֹׁ֥חוּ בַמְּעוֹנ֑וֹת יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַסֻּכָּ֣ה לְמוֹ־אָֽרֶב׃ |
For they crouch in their den; They lie in wait in the thicket. |
|
| Job 38:41 | מִ֤י יָכִ֥ין לָעֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥וֹ כִּֽי־*ילדו **יְ֭לָדָיו אֶל־אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִבְלִי־אֹֽכֶל׃ |
Who prepares feed for the raven? – When its young cry out to God? – When they are perishing for lack of food? |
young: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, the ketiv is singular and discordant with the verb. Compare Job 21:20.
feed ← his feed. perishing ← going astray (to ruin). See [AnLx]. Compare Prov 14:22. |
| Job 39:1 | הֲיָדַ֗עְתָּ עֵ֭ת לֶ֣דֶת יַעֲלֵי־סָ֑לַע חֹלֵ֖ל אַיָּל֣וֹת תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃ |
Do you know the time When the mountain goats give birth? Or do you keep watch over the time When the hinds calve? |
|
| Job 39:2 | תִּסְפֹּ֣ר יְרָחִ֣ים תְּמַלֶּ֑אנָה וְ֝יָדַ֗עְתָּ עֵ֣ת לִדְתָּֽנָה׃ |
Can you count the months for which they gestate? And do you know the time when they give birth? |
gestate ← fulfil. |
| Job 39:3 | תִּ֭כְרַעְנָה יַלְדֵיהֶ֣ן תְּפַלַּ֑חְנָה חֶבְלֵיהֶ֥ם תְּשַׁלַּֽחְנָה׃ |
They crouch, They deliver their young; They cast off their labour pangs. |
labour pangs: re-pointing as חַבְלֵיהֶם would read (umbilical) cords. |
| Job 39:4 | יַחְלְמ֣וּ בְ֭נֵיהֶם יִרְבּ֣וּ בַבָּ֑ר יָ֝צְא֗וּ וְלֹא־שָׁ֥בוּ לָֽמוֹ׃ |
Their young grow strong; They grow up in the open field. They go out And do not return. |
return ← return to them, so perhaps return to their (parents). |
| Job 39:5 | מִֽי־שִׁלַּ֣ח פֶּ֣רֶא חָפְשִׁ֑י וּמֹסְר֥וֹת עָ֝ר֗וֹד מִ֣י פִתֵּֽחַ׃ |
Who set the wild ass free? And who loosed the bonds of the wild donkey? |
|
| Job 39:6 | אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי עֲרָבָ֣ה בֵית֑וֹ וּֽמִשְׁכְּנוֹתָ֥יו מְלֵֽחָה׃ |
– Whose home territory I appointed to be the arid tracts, And whose dwelling places to be salt land? |
arid tracts ← an arid tract. |
| Job 39:7 | יִ֭שְׂחַק לַהֲמ֣וֹן קִרְיָ֑ה תְּשֻׁא֥וֹת נ֝וֹגֵ֗שׂ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמָֽע׃ |
He derides the urban crowd And does not hear the clamour of the taskmaster. |
|
| Job 39:8 | יְת֣וּר הָרִ֣ים מִרְעֵ֑הוּ וְאַחַ֖ר כָּל־יָר֣וֹק יִדְרֽוֹשׁ׃ |
The forageable area of the mountains is his pasture, And he searches for every green plant. |
|
| Job 39:9 | הֲיֹ֣אבֶה רֵּ֣ים עָבְדֶ֑ךָ אִם־יָ֝לִ֗ין עַל־אֲבוּסֶֽךָ׃ |
Does the buffalo love to work for you? And does it lodge in your stall? |
buffalo: AV differs (unicorn). The African buffalo is dangerous and has not been domesticated [Wikipedia]. [AnLx] also gives oryx. |
| Job 39:10 | הֲֽתִקְשָׁר־רֵ֭ים בְּתֶ֣לֶם עֲבֹת֑וֹ אִם־יְשַׂדֵּ֖ד עֲמָקִ֣ים אַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Can you bind the buffalo to his harness For ploughing a furrow? Or will he harrow the valleys behind you? |
buffalo: see Job 39:9. |
| Job 39:11 | הֲֽתִבְטַח־בּ֭וֹ כִּי־רַ֣ב כֹּח֑וֹ וְתַעֲזֹ֖ב אֵלָ֣יו יְגִיעֶֽךָ׃ |
Do you put your trust in him? For his strength is great. And do you leave your toil to him? |
|
| Job 39:12 | הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בּ֭וֹ כִּי־*ישוב **יָשִׁ֣יב זַרְעֶ֑ךָ וְֽגָרְנְךָ֥ יֶאֱסֹֽף׃ |
Will you put your trust in him, That he will {Q: make a return on} [K: return with] your seed, And gather it in your threshing hall? |
The sense is ... will he plough well and enable you to have a successful harvest with a good return on what was sown. |
| Job 39:13 | כְּנַף־רְנָנִ֥ים נֶעֱלָ֑סָה אִם־אֶ֝בְרָ֗ה חֲסִידָ֥ה וְנֹצָֽה׃ |
Are you responsible for it when the wing of the ostrich is celebrated, Or the wing feather of the stork and its plumage? |
ostrich ← piercing cries, i.e. ostrich [BDB], but its unimpressive wings do not enable it to fly. AV differs (peacocks), which do have a piercing cry, and impressive feathers, and they nest on the ground, but were not native to “the land of Uz” (Job 1:1). But ↴ |
| Job 39:14 | כִּֽי־תַעֲזֹ֣ב לָאָ֣רֶץ בֵּצֶ֑יהָ וְֽעַל־עָפָ֥ר תְּחַמֵּֽם׃ |
For she commits her eggs to the ground And hatches them on soil, |
↳ the next verses, if describing this bird, suggest an ostrich, which also lays its eggs on the ground, unlike the stork.
soil ← dust. |
| Job 39:15 | וַ֭תִּשְׁכַּח כִּי־רֶ֣גֶל תְּזוּרֶ֑הָ וְחַיַּ֖ת הַשָּׂדֶ֣ה תְּדוּשֶֽׁהָ׃ |
And she forgets that a foot may crush them, And that a wild animal may trample on them. |
them (2x) ← her / it, but probably referring to the (clutch of) eggs. |
| Job 39:16 | הִקְשִׁ֣יחַ בָּנֶ֣יהָ לְּלֹא־לָ֑הּ לְרִ֖יק יְגִיעָ֣הּ בְּלִי־פָֽחַד׃ |
She treats her young harshly, As if not her own. Her labour is in vain and without fear. |
she ← he / it. Perhaps re-point as הַקְשִׁיחַ, and take it gerundially, by treating harshly. |
| Job 39:17 | כִּֽי־הִשָּׁ֣הּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ חָכְמָ֑ה וְלֹא־חָ֥לַק לָ֝֗הּ בַּבִּינָֽה׃ |
For God causes her to forget wisdom, And he has not apportioned her with understanding. |
|
| Job 39:18 | כָּ֭עֵת בַּמָּר֣וֹם תַּמְרִ֑יא תִּֽשְׂחַ֥ק לַ֝סּ֗וּס וּלְרֹֽכְבֽוֹ׃ |
In due time she rises on high And looks down on the horse and on its rider. |
rises: ostriches cannot fly, but they can run fast. Perhaps the reference is simply to standing tall. Or perhaps the reference is now to the stork. |
| Job 39:19 | הֲתִתֵּ֣ן לַסּ֣וּס גְּבוּרָ֑ה הֲתַלְבִּ֖ישׁ צַוָּאר֣וֹ רַעְמָֽה׃ |
Did you give the horse his strength? Did you clothe his neck with a mane? |
mane: AV differs (thunder). |
| Job 39:20 | הְֽ֭תַרְעִישֶׁנּוּ כָּאַרְבֶּ֑ה ה֖וֹד נַחְר֣וֹ אֵימָֽה׃ |
Did you give him the ability to jump like a locust? The dignity of his snorting is awesome. |
|
| Job 39:21 | יַחְפְּר֣וּ בָ֭עֵמֶק וְיָשִׂ֣ישׂ בְּכֹ֑חַ יֵ֝צֵ֗א לִקְרַאת־נָֽשֶׁק׃ |
He paws in the valley And rejoices in his strength And engages in battle. |
he paws ← they dig, explore.
engages in ← goes out to the meeting of battle. |
| Job 39:22 | יִשְׂחַ֣ק לְ֭פַחַד וְלֹ֣א יֵחָ֑ת וְלֹֽא־יָ֝שׁ֗וּב מִפְּנֵי־חָֽרֶב׃ |
He derides fear And is not afraid And does not turn back from the sword. |
from ← from the face of. |
| Job 39:23 | עָ֭לָיו תִּרְנֶ֣ה אַשְׁפָּ֑ה לַ֖הַב חֲנִ֣ית וְכִידֽוֹן׃ |
Alongside him the quiver rattles, And the blade of the spear and the lance. |
lance: AV differs (shield). |
| Job 39:24 | בְּרַ֣עַשׁ וְ֭רֹגֶז יְגַמֶּא־אָ֑רֶץ וְלֹֽא־יַ֝אֲמִ֗ין כִּי־ק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃ |
With noise and raging, he stamps the earth And does not stand in place when the sound of the ramshorn is heard. |
stamps: or drinks up. AV differs (swalloweth), taking the alternative.
stand in place ← trust, be firm, so stand firm. |
| Job 39:25 | בְּדֵ֤י שֹׁפָ֨ר ׀ יֹ֘אמַ֤ר הֶאָ֗ח וּֽ֭מֵרָחוֹק יָרִ֣יחַ מִלְחָמָ֑ה רַ֥עַם שָׂ֝רִים וּתְרוּעָֽה׃ |
Whenever the ramshorn is heard, He says, ‘Aha!’, And smells war from a distance – The thunder of generals and the sound of alarm. |
|
| Job 39:26 | הֲֽ֭מִבִּינָ֣תְךָ יַֽאֲבֶר־נֵ֑ץ יִפְרֹ֖שׂ *כנפו **כְּנָפָ֣יו לְתֵימָֽן׃ |
Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars And stretches its wings to the south? |
its wings: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, the ketiv is singular (its wing). |
| Job 39:27 | אִם־עַל־פִּ֭יךָ יַגְבִּ֣יהַּ נָ֑שֶׁר וְ֝כִ֗י יָרִ֥ים קִנּֽוֹ׃ |
Or is it according to your command that the eagle soars, And that it makes its nest high up? |
command ← mouth. |
| Job 39:28 | סֶ֣לַע יִ֭שְׁכֹּן וְיִתְלֹנָ֑ן עַֽל־שֶׁן־סֶ֝֗לַע וּמְצוּדָֽה׃ |
It dwells and lodges on a rock, On a crag and citadel. |
crag ← tooth of a rock. |
| Job 39:29 | מִשָּׁ֥ם חָֽפַר־אֹ֑כֶל לְ֝מֵרָח֗וֹק עֵינָ֥יו יַבִּֽיטוּ׃ |
For there it seeks prey; Its eyes see it from a distance. |
seeks ← digs; searches out. |
| Job 39:30 | *ואפרחו **וְאֶפְרֹחָ֥יו יְעַלְעוּ־דָ֑ם וּבַאֲשֶׁ֥ר חֲ֝לָלִ֗ים שָׁ֣ם הֽוּא׃ פ |
And its young suck up blood, And wherever the slain are, There it is.” |
its young: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré; otherwise, the ketiv is singular, but with a plural verb. |
| Job 40:1 | וַיַּ֖עַן יְהוָ֥ה אֶת־אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | And the Lord answered Job further and said, | |
| Job 40:2 | הֲ֭רֹב עִם־שַׁדַּ֣י יִסּ֑וֹר מוֹכִ֖יחַ אֱל֣וֹהַּ יַעֲנֶֽנָּה׃ פ |
“Will he who contends with the Almighty Instruct him? Let the reprover of God answer it.” |
he who contends: pointed as an infinitive absolute, as in Judg 11:25.
instruct ← (be an) instructor [AnLx]. Better taken as a verb, will instruct. Compare the form with יִצֹּק from יָצַק. |
| Job 40:3 | וַיַּ֖עַן אִיּ֥וֹב אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered the Lord and said, | |
| Job 40:4 | הֵ֣ן קַ֭לֹּתִי מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶ֑ךָּ יָ֝דִ֗י שַׂ֣מְתִּי לְמוֹ־פִֽי׃ |
“Behold, I am base. How can I answer you? I put my hand to my mouth. |
|
| Job 40:5 | אַחַ֣ת דִּ֭בַּרְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה וּ֝שְׁתַּ֗יִם וְלֹ֣א אוֹסִֽיף׃ פ |
I spoke once, But I cannot answer for it, And a second time, But I will not do so any more.” |
|
| Job 40:6 | וַיַּֽעַן־יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב *מנ *סערה **מִ֥ן ׀ **סְעָרָ֗ה וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then the Lord answered Job from the whirlwind and said, | from the whirlwind: ketiv and qeré as in Job 38:1, but here without the definite article. |
| Job 40:7 | אֱזָר־נָ֣א כְגֶ֣בֶר חֲלָצֶ֑יךָ אֶ֝שְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃ |
“Gird up your waist like a man. I will ask you, And you can answer me. |
|
| Job 40:8 | הַ֭אַף תָּפֵ֣ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑י תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ֗נִי לְמַ֣עַן תִּצְדָּֽק׃ |
Will you declare my judgment void? Will you condemn me, So that you are righteous? |
|
| Job 40:9 | וְאִם־זְר֖וֹעַ כָּאֵ֥ל ׀ לָ֑ךְ וּ֝בְק֗וֹל כָּמֹ֥הוּ תַרְעֵֽם׃ |
Now do you have an arm like God, And can you thunder with a voice like his? |
now: wider use of the vav. |
| Job 40:10 | עֲדֵ֥ה נָ֣א גָֽא֣וֹן וָגֹ֑בַהּ וְה֖וֹד וְהָדָ֣ר תִּלְבָּֽשׁ׃ |
Kindly deck yourself with excellence and majesty, And clothe yourself with glory and splendour. |
|
| Job 40:11 | הָ֭פֵץ עֶבְר֣וֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ וּרְאֵ֥ה כָל־גֵּ֝אֶ֗ה וְהַשְׁפִּילֵֽהוּ׃ |
Distribute the outbursts of your anger, And see everyone who is proud, And bring him low. |
|
| Job 40:12 | רְאֵ֣ה כָל־גֵּ֭אֶה הַכְנִיעֵ֑הוּ וַהֲדֹ֖ךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם׃ |
See everyone who is proud, And bring him down, And tread on the wicked on the spot. |
on the spot ← under themselves. |
| Job 40:13 | טָמְנֵ֣ם בֶּעָפָ֣ר יָ֑חַד פְּ֝נֵיהֶ֗ם חֲבֹ֣שׁ בַּטָּמֽוּן׃ |
Hide them in the dust together; Bind them in a hidden place. |
them ← their faces. More loosely, put them out of sight. |
| Job 40:14 | וְגַם־אֲנִ֥י אוֹדֶ֑ךָּ כִּֽי־תוֹשִׁ֖עַ לְךָ֣ יְמִינֶֽךָ׃ |
Then I myself will confess to you, That your right hand can save you. |
|
| Job 40:15 | הִנֵּה־נָ֣א בְ֭הֵמוֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי עִמָּ֑ךְ חָ֝צִ֗יר כַּבָּקָ֥ר יֹאכֵֽל׃ |
Behold, please, Behemoth, Which I made with you. It eats grass like an ox. |
Behemoth: [CB] says “probably the hippopotamus”. But the description following fits a dinosaur. |
| Job 40:16 | הִנֵּה־נָ֣א כֹח֣וֹ בְמָתְנָ֑יו וְ֝אֹנ֗וֹ בִּשְׁרִירֵ֥י בִטְנֽוֹ׃ |
Look at its strength in its loins, And its might in the muscles of its rump. |
|
| Job 40:17 | יַחְפֹּ֣ץ זְנָב֣וֹ כְמוֹ־אָ֑רֶז גִּידֵ֖י *פחדו **פַחֲדָ֣יו יְשֹׂרָֽגוּ׃ |
It swings its tail like a cedar, And its fearful sinews are interwoven. |
its fearful sinews ← the sinews of its fear (ketiv) / fears (qeré), a Hebraic genitive.
swings: the root meaning is bends, but the common usage is in the sense of delight in. its tail: the hippopotamus tail is relatively small. |
| Job 40:18 | עֲ֭צָמָיו אֲפִיקֵ֣י נְחוּשָׁ֑ה גְּ֝רָמָ֗יו כִּמְטִ֥יל בַּרְזֶֽל׃ |
Its bones are tubes of copper, And its frame is like bars of iron. |
frame ← (another word for) bones.
bars ← a bar. |
| Job 40:19 | ה֭וּא רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכֵי־אֵ֑ל הָ֝עֹשׂוֹ יַגֵּ֥שׁ חַרְבּֽוֹ׃ |
It is the pre-eminence of God's ways; Only he who made it Can bring his sword against it. |
|
| Job 40:20 | כִּֽי־ב֭וּל הָרִ֣ים יִשְׂאוּ־ל֑וֹ וְֽכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה יְשַֽׂחֲקוּ־שָֽׁם׃ |
For the mountains yield produce for it, Where all the wild beasts play. |
yield: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. |
| Job 40:21 | תַּֽחַת־צֶאֱלִ֥ים יִשְׁכָּ֑ב בְּסֵ֖תֶר קָנֶ֣ה וּבִצָּֽה׃ |
It lies under lotus bushes, Secretly, in reeds and swamp land. |
lotus bushes: the Ziziphus lotus. AV differs (shady trees), also possible. |
| Job 40:22 | יְסֻכֻּ֣הוּ צֶאֱלִ֣ים צִֽלֲל֑וֹ יְ֝סֻבּ֗וּהוּ עַרְבֵי־נָֽחַל׃ |
The lotus bushes cover it with their shade; The willows of the brook surround it. |
lotus bushes: see Job 40:21. |
| Job 40:23 | הֵ֤ן יַעֲשֹׁ֣ק נָ֭הָר לֹ֣א יַחְפּ֑וֹז יִבְטַ֓ח ׀ כִּֽי־יָגִ֖יחַ יַרְדֵּ֣ן אֶל־פִּֽיהוּ׃ |
What if the river bears down on it? It is not alarmed. It is confident, Even when the Jordan gushes into its mouth. |
AV differs (Behemoth is the subject of all the verbs). |
| Job 40:24 | בְּעֵינָ֥יו יִקָּחֶ֑נּוּ בְּ֝מֽוֹקְשִׁ֗ים יִנְקָב־אָֽף׃ |
Can anyone capture it by its eyes? Can anyone hook its nose with snares? |
by its eyes: [CB] interprets as while he lies on watch.
hook ← pierce. AV differs (Behemoth is the subject of both verbs). |
| Job 40:25 Job 41:1AV |
תִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ לִוְיָתָ֣ן בְּחַכָּ֑ה וּ֝בְחֶ֗בֶל תַּשְׁקִ֥יעַ לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃ |
Can you haul in Leviathan with a hook? Or can you tie his tongue down with a cord? |
Leviathan: [CB]= probably the crocodile. [BDB]= serpent, dragon, sea-monster, crocodile, whale in various places. In Modern Hebrew, the whale. |
| Job 40:26 Job 41:2AV |
הֲתָשִׂ֣ים אַגְמ֣וֹן בְּאַפּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְח֗וֹחַ תִּקּ֥וֹב לֶֽחֱיוֹ׃ |
Can you place a cauldron over his snout? Or can you bore through his jaw with a hook? |
|
| Job 40:27 Job 41:3AV |
הֲיַרְבֶּ֣ה אֵ֭לֶיךָ תַּחֲנוּנִ֑ים אִם־יְדַבֵּ֖ר אֵלֶ֣יךָ רַכּֽוֹת׃ |
Will he make many supplications to you? Or will he speak to you softly? |
|
| Job 40:28 Job 41:4AV |
הֲיִכְרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֣ית עִמָּ֑ךְ תִּ֝קָּחֶ֗נּוּ לְעֶ֣בֶד עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Will he make a covenant with you? Or can you domesticate him? |
domesticate ← take as a servant of the age. |
| Job 40:29 Job 41:5AV |
הַֽתְשַׂחֶק־בּ֭וֹ כַּצִּפּ֑וֹר וְ֝תִקְשְׁרֶ֗נּוּ לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ |
Can you play with him, as with a bird? Or cage him for your maidservants? |
cage ← bind. |
| Job 40:30 Job 41:6AV |
יִכְר֣וּ עָ֭לָיו חַבָּרִ֑ים יֶ֝חֱצ֗וּהוּ בֵּ֣ין כְּֽנַעֲנִֽים׃ |
Or will wholesalers buy him up, And divide him among retailers? |
wholesalers ← associates.
buy him up: AV differs (make a banquet of him). retailers ← merchants. |
| Job 40:31 Job 41:7AV |
הַֽתְמַלֵּ֣א בְשֻׂכּ֣וֹת עוֹר֑וֹ וּבְצִלְצַ֖ל דָּגִ֣ים רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ |
Can you fill his skin with spears? – Or his head with fishing harpoons? |
|
| Job 40:32 Job 41:8AV |
שִׂים־עָלָ֥יו כַּפֶּ֑ךָ זְכֹ֥ר מִ֝לְחָמָ֗ה אַל־תּוֹסַֽף׃ |
Put your hand on him. Remember that it will be battle, And you will not do it again. |
put your hand on him: i.e. if you dare. |
| Job 41:1 Job 41:9AV |
הֵן־תֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה הֲגַ֖ם אֶל־מַרְאָ֣יו יֻטָֽל׃ |
See how one's hope is proved false. Is it not so, that even at the sight of him One loses heart? |
see how ← behold.
one's hope: or his hope. [CB] takes it as one's hope of taking him. loses heart ← is cast down. |
| Job 41:2 Job 41:10AV |
לֹֽא־אַ֭כְזָר כִּ֣י יְעוּרֶ֑נּוּ וּמִ֥י ה֝֗וּא לְפָנַ֥י יִתְיַצָּֽב׃ |
No-one is so bold that he dares awaken him, So who is it who can stand before me. |
bold: or fierce.
so: consecutive (result) use of the vav. |
| Job 41:3 Job 41:11AV |
מִ֣י הִ֭קְדִּימַנִי וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם לִי־הֽוּא׃ |
Who existed before me? Tell me, and I will pay what is due. Everything under the whole of heaven is mine. |
Rom 11:35, where it is adapted. |
| Job 41:4 Job 41:12AV |
*לא־**לֽוֹ־אַחֲרִ֥ישׁ בַּדָּ֑יו וּדְבַר־גְּ֝בוּר֗וֹת וְחִ֣ין עֶרְכּֽוֹ׃ |
I will {K: not be silent} [Q: be silent to him] about his limbs, For his figure is a matter of might and gracefulness. |
AV also follows the ketiv.
figure ← arrangement. |
| Job 41:5 Job 41:13AV |
מִֽי־גִ֭לָּה פְּנֵ֣י לְבוּשׁ֑וֹ בְּכֶ֥פֶל רִ֝סְנ֗וֹ מִ֣י יָבֽוֹא׃ |
Who has uncovered his outer clothing? Who can approach his double row of teeth? |
his outer clothing ← the surface of his clothing.
double row of teeth ← double jaw, but referring to the upper and lower rows of teeth which both protrude prominently. |
| Job 41:6 Job 41:14AV |
דַּלְתֵ֣י פָ֭נָיו מִ֣י פִתֵּ֑חַ סְבִיב֖וֹת שִׁנָּ֣יו אֵימָֽה׃ |
Who can open the gates of his face? The surroundings of his teeth are terrifying. |
gates of his face: a poetic expression for jaws or mouth.
terrifying ← terror. |
| Job 41:7 Job 41:15AV |
גַּ֭אֲוָה אֲפִיקֵ֣י מָֽגִנִּ֑ים סָ֝ג֗וּר חוֹתָ֥ם צָֽר׃ |
The central ridges of his scales are his pride. Each one is closed making a tight seal. |
central ridges ← channels. [AnLx] gives boss of a shield and tubes, standing for bones. |
| Job 41:8 Job 41:16AV |
אֶחָ֣ד בְּאֶחָ֣ד יִגַּ֑שׁוּ וְ֝ר֗וּחַ לֹא־יָב֥וֹא בֵֽינֵיהֶֽם׃ |
One is so close to another That no air can come between them. |
is so close ← approaches.
air ← wind. |
| Job 41:9 Job 41:17AV |
אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֥יהוּ יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ יִ֝תְלַכְּד֗וּ וְלֹ֣א יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃ |
One cleaves to the one next to it; They interlock and do not come apart. |
cleaves to the one next to it ← is made to adhere each to his brother.
interlock ← catch each other. Reciprocal use of hithpael. |
| Job 41:10 Job 41:18AV |
עֲֽ֭טִישֹׁתָיו תָּ֣הֶל א֑וֹר וְ֝עֵינָ֗יו כְּעַפְעַפֵּי־שָֽׁחַר׃ |
His sneezings cause light to flash, And his eyes are like the eyelids of dawn. |
|
| Job 41:11 Job 41:19AV |
מִ֭פִּיו לַפִּידִ֣ים יַהֲלֹ֑כוּ כִּיד֥וֹדֵי אֵ֝֗שׁ יִתְמַלָּֽטוּ׃ |
From his mouth flames go out; Sparks of fire are released. |
flames ← torches.
are released ← escape. |
| Job 41:12 Job 41:20AV |
מִ֭נְּחִירָיו יֵצֵ֣א עָשָׁ֑ן כְּד֖וּד נָפ֣וּחַ וְאַגְמֹֽן׃ |
Smoke is emitted from his nostrils, Like a fanned brazier and a cauldron. |
is emitted ← goes out.
cauldron: as [AnLx]. [BDB] gives bulrushes (as fuel here). Bulrushes in Isa 9:13 (Isa 9:14AV), Isa 19:15, Isa 58:5. |
| Job 41:13 Job 41:21AV |
נַ֭פְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִ֣ים תְּלַהֵ֑ט וְ֝לַ֗הַב מִפִּ֥יו יֵצֵֽא׃ |
His breath kindles coals, And flame is emitted from his mouth. |
breath ← soul, but also breath.
is emitted ← goes out. |
| Job 41:14 Job 41:22AV |
בְּֽ֭צַוָּארוֹ יָלִ֣ין עֹ֑ז וּ֝לְפָנָ֗יו תָּד֥וּץ דְּאָבָֽה׃ |
His neck is a source of strength, And faint-heartedness beats a hasty retreat at his advance. |
his neck is a source of strength ← in his neck strength lodges.
beats a hasty retreat at his advance ← leaps before him. AV differs (is turned into joy before him). |
| Job 41:15 Job 41:23AV |
מַפְּלֵ֣י בְשָׂר֣וֹ דָבֵ֑קוּ יָצ֥וּק עָ֝לָ֗יו בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט׃ |
Even the softer parts of his flesh cleave to him tightly And are firm on him so as not to shake. |
softer ← falling; pendulous.
firm ← cast. |
| Job 41:16 Job 41:24AV |
לִ֭בּוֹ יָצ֣וּק כְּמוֹ־אָ֑בֶן וְ֝יָצ֗וּק כְּפֶ֣לַח תַּחְתִּֽית׃ |
His heart is firm like stone And is as hard as a lower millstone. |
firm ... hard ← cast ... cast. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Job 41:17 Job 41:25AV |
מִ֭שֵּׂתוֹ יָג֣וּרוּ אֵלִ֑ים מִ֝שְּׁבָרִ֗ים יִתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ |
The mighty are afraid of him being roused; They are at their wits' end because of his ravaging. |
being roused ← rising. Qal for passive of hiphil. Compare Ex 20:5, Deut 5:9, Isa 10:34. AV differs, taking it as reflexive.
are at their wits' end ← mistake themselves, miss their mark. Compare Judg 20:16, Job 5:24. AV differs (purify themselves). ravaging ← breakings. |
| Job 41:18 Job 41:26AV |
מַשִּׂיגֵ֣הוּ חֶ֭רֶב בְּלִ֣י תָק֑וּם חֲנִ֖ית מַסָּ֣ע וְשִׁרְיָֽה׃ |
The sword of anyone who engages him will not hold out, Nor spear, nor projectile, nor coat of mail. |
engages ← overtakes; reaches.
hold out ← rise. |
| Job 41:19 Job 41:27AV |
יַחְשֹׁ֣ב לְתֶ֣בֶן בַּרְזֶ֑ל לְעֵ֖ץ רִקָּב֣וֹן נְחוּשָֽׁה׃ |
He regards iron as straw, And copper as rotten wood. |
|
| Job 41:20 Job 41:28AV |
לֹֽא־יַבְרִיחֶ֥נּוּ בֶן־קָ֑שֶׁת לְ֝קַ֗שׁ נֶהְפְּכוּ־ל֥וֹ אַבְנֵי־קָֽלַע׃ |
The arrow does not cause him to flee, And stones of the sling are regarded as stubble by him. |
arrow ← son of the bow.
are regarded as ← are turned into. |
| Job 41:21 Job 41:29AV |
כְּ֭קַשׁ נֶחְשְׁב֣וּ תוֹתָ֑ח וְ֝יִשְׂחַ֗ק לְרַ֣עַשׁ כִּידֽוֹן׃ |
He considers a club as stubble, And he laughs at the rattling of lances. |
lances ← a lance. |
| Job 41:22 Job 41:30AV |
תַּ֭חְתָּיו חַדּ֣וּדֵי חָ֑רֶשׂ יִרְפַּ֖ד חָר֣וּץ עֲלֵי־טִֽיט׃ |
He has sharp points under him; He splays sharp appendages in the mire. |
sharp points ← (things) sharpened of a shard. |
| Job 41:23 Job 41:31AV |
יַרְתִּ֣יחַ כַּסִּ֣יר מְצוּלָ֑ה יָ֝֗ם יָשִׂ֥ים כַּמֶּרְקָחָֽה׃ |
He makes the deep boil like a pot; He makes the sea like a pot of ointment. |
|
| Job 41:24 Job 41:32AV |
אַ֭חֲרָיו יָאִ֣יר נָתִ֑יב יַחְשֹׁ֖ב תְּה֣וֹם לְשֵׂיבָֽה׃ |
He causes a path to light up behind him, So that one would think the deep had acquired silver hair. |
silver ← grey. |
| Job 41:25 Job 41:33AV |
אֵֽין־עַל־עָפָ֥ר מָשְׁל֑וֹ הֶ֝עָשׂ֗וּ לִבְלִי־חָֽת׃ |
There is not the like of him on the earth, Who is made without fear. |
earth ← dust. |
| Job 41:26 Job 41:34AV |
אֵֽת־כָּל־גָּבֹ֥הַּ יִרְאֶ֑ה ה֝֗וּא מֶ֣לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־בְּנֵי־שָֽׁחַץ׃ ס |
He looks dauntlessly on every high thing; He is king of all proud creatures.” |
proud creatures ← sons of pride. |
| Job 42:1 | וַיַּ֖עַן אִיּ֥וֹב אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַיֹּאמַֽר׃ | Then Job answered the Lord and said, | |
| Job 42:2 | *ידעת **יָ֭דַעְתִּי כִּי־כֹ֣ל תּוּכָ֑ל וְלֹא־יִבָּצֵ֖ר מִמְּךָ֣ מְזִמָּֽה׃ |
“I know that you can do everything, And no plan of action is inaccessible to you. |
I know: the ketiv could be taken as an Aramaic form of the qeré. As Hebrew, it reads you know. |
| Job 42:3 | מִ֤י זֶ֨ה ׀ מַעְלִ֥ים עֵצָ֗ה בְּֽלִ֫י דָ֥עַת לָכֵ֣ן הִ֭גַּדְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אָבִ֑ין נִפְלָא֥וֹת מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי וְלֹ֣א אֵדָֽע׃ |
You asked, ‘Who is this who hides counsel Without knowledge?’ Because I gave an exposition, But I do not have understanding. These things are too wondrous for me, And I do not know about them. |
The question was asked in Job 38:2. |
| Job 42:4 | שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֭א וְאָנֹכִ֣י אֲדַבֵּ֑ר אֶ֝שְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי׃ |
Hear me, I pray, And I will speak. You said, ‘I will ask you, And you can answer me.’ |
This refers back to Job 40:2. |
| Job 42:5 | לְשֵֽׁמַע־אֹ֥זֶן שְׁמַעְתִּ֑יךָ וְ֝עַתָּ֗ה עֵינִ֥י רָאָֽתְךָ׃ |
I heard you by hearing of the ear, But now my eye has seen you. |
|
| Job 42:6 | עַל־כֵּ֭ן אֶמְאַ֣ס וְנִחַ֑מְתִּי עַל־עָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃ פ |
For this reason I despise myself, And I repent in dust and ashes.” |
despise: or reject. |
| Job 42:7 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחַ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֶל־אִיּ֑וֹב וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־אֱלִיפַ֣ז הַתֵּֽימָנִ֗י חָרָ֨ה אַפִּ֤י בְךָ֙ וּבִשְׁנֵ֣י רֵעֶ֔יךָ כִּ֠י לֹ֣א דִבַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֵלַ֛י נְכוֹנָ֖ה כְּעַבְדִּ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃ | And it came to pass, after the Lord had spoken these words to Job, that the Lord said to Eliphaz the Temanite, “My anger is kindled against you, and against your two companions, for you have not spoken what is right about me, like my servant Job. | about: reading עָלַי for אֵלַי, a common exchange in Hebrew. Otherwise, read to. |
| Job 42:8 | וְעַתָּ֡ה קְחֽוּ־לָכֶ֣ם שִׁבְעָֽה־פָרִים֩ וְשִׁבְעָ֨ה אֵילִ֜ים וּלְכ֣וּ ׀ אֶל־עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב וְהַעֲלִיתֶ֤ם עוֹלָה֙ בַּֽעַדְכֶ֔ם וְאִיּ֣וֹב עַבְדִּ֔י יִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֧י אִם־פָּנָ֣יו אֶשָּׂ֗א לְבִלְתִּ֞י עֲשׂ֤וֹת עִמָּכֶם֙ נְבָלָ֔ה כִּ֠י לֹ֣א דִבַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֵלַ֛י נְכוֹנָ֖ה כְּעַבְדִּ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃ | And now, take for yourselves seven bulls, and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer them as a burnt offering for yourselves, and my servant Job will pray for you. For contrariwise I will accept him, so that I do not deal with you according to your folly, for you have not spoken about me what is right, as my servant Job has.” |
accept him ← accept his face.
about: as Job 42:7. |
| Job 42:9 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ אֱלִיפַ֨ז הַתֵּֽימָנִ֜י וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֗י צֹפַר֙ הַנַּ֣עֲמָתִ֔י וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשָּׂ֥א יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב׃ | So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite departed and acted according to what the Lord had told them, and the Lord restored Job. | restored ← lifted the face of. |
| Job 42:10 | וַֽיהוָ֗ה שָׁ֚ב אֶת־*שבית **שְׁב֣וּת אִיּ֔וֹב בְּהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֖וֹ בְּעַ֣ד רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַ֧יֹּסֶף יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאִיּ֖וֹב לְמִשְׁנֶֽה׃ | And the Lord restored the fortunes of Job when he prayed for his friend, and the Lord restored everything of Job's – double. |
restored the fortunes ← turned the captivity. The ketiv / qeré issue is as in Jer 29:14.
his friend: the Hebrew consonants and vowels are for friend. [BHS-CA] proposes a consonantal change to friends (רֵעָיו), which we decline. restored everything ... double ← added everything ... for doubling. Idiomatic ↴ |
| Job 42:11 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֵ֠לָיו כָּל־אֶחָ֨יו וְכָל־*אחיתיו **אַחְיוֹתָ֜יו וְכָל־יֹדְעָ֣יו לְפָנִ֗ים וַיֹּאכְל֨וּ עִמּ֣וֹ לֶחֶם֮ בְּבֵיתוֹ֒ וַיָּנֻ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ וַיְנַחֲמ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֥יא יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַיִּתְּנוּ־ל֗וֹ אִ֚ישׁ קְשִׂיטָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְאִ֕ישׁ נֶ֥זֶם זָהָ֖ב אֶחָֽד׃ ס | And all his brothers and all his sisters and all his previous acquaintances came to him, and they ate bread with him in his house, and they consoled him and comforted him over all the calamity that the Lord had brought on him, and each gave him one kesitah coin, and each gave one golden earring. |
↳ for doubling (not adding double, which is tripling).
sisters: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. kesitah: see Gen 33:19. earring: perhaps, nosering. See Gen 24:47. |
| Job 42:12 | וַֽיהוָ֗ה בֵּרַ֛ךְ אֶת־אַחֲרִ֥ית אִיּ֖וֹב מֵרֵאשִׁת֑וֹ וַֽיְהִי־ל֡וֹ אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר אֶ֜לֶף צֹ֗אן וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ גְּמַלִּ֔ים וְאֶֽלֶף־צֶ֥מֶד בָּקָ֖ר וְאֶ֥לֶף אֲתוֹנֽוֹת׃ | And the Lord blessed the latter days of Job more than his former days, and he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and one thousand yoke of oxen, and one thousand she-asses. |
yoke: see Job 1:3.
she-asses: as in Job 1:3. |
| Job 42:13 | וַֽיְהִי־ל֛וֹ שִׁבְעָ֥נָה בָנִ֖ים וְשָׁל֥וֹשׁ בָּנֽוֹת׃ | And he had seven sons and three daughters. | |
| Job 42:14 | וַיִּקְרָ֤א שֵׁם־הָֽאַחַת֙ יְמִימָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית קְצִיעָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ית קֶ֥רֶן הַפּֽוּךְ׃ | And he called one Jemima, and the second one Keziah, and he called the third Keren-Happuch. | Keziah: AV= Kezia. |
| Job 42:15 | וְלֹ֨א נִמְצָ֜א נָשִׁ֥ים יָפ֛וֹת כִּבְנ֥וֹת אִיּ֖וֹב בְּכָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֧ם אֲבִיהֶ֛ם נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And no women were found as beautiful as Job's daughters in all the land, and their father gave them an inheritance among their brothers. | |
| Job 42:16 | וַיְחִ֤י אִיּוֹב֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־זֹ֔את מֵאָ֥ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה *וירא **וַיִּרְאֶ֗ה אֶת־בָּנָיו֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֣י בָנָ֔יו אַרְבָּעָ֖ה דֹּרֽוֹת׃ | And after this Job lived one hundred and forty years, and he saw his sons and his grandsons, to four generations. | and he saw: the ketiv is an common apocopated form of the qeré. |
| Job 42:17 | וַיָּ֣מָת אִיּ֔וֹב זָקֵ֖ן וּשְׂבַ֥ע יָמִֽים׃ | And Job died old and full of days. | full ← satisfied. |
| Song 1:1 | שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | Solomon's Song of Songs. | We broadly follow the notes in [CB] on the speakers, and we separately enclose each speech in quotes. |
| Song 1:2 | יִשָּׁקֵ֙נִי֙ מִנְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔יהוּ כִּֽי־טוֹבִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖יךָ מִיָּֽיִן׃ |
“May he kiss me with kisses of his mouth, For your love is better than wine. |
The Shulamite, a beautiful lady from Shulem, speaks.
he ... your: a change of grammatical person like this is not uncommon in Hebrew. Compare Lev 1:3, Num 15:9, Ps 91, Ruth 4:4, 1 Chr 17:21, 2 Chr 6:2, 2 Chr 7:20. |
| Song 1:3 | לְרֵ֙יחַ֙ שְׁמָנֶ֣יךָ טוֹבִ֔ים שֶׁ֖מֶן תּוּרַ֣ק שְׁמֶ֑ךָ עַל־כֵּ֖ן עֲלָמ֥וֹת אֲהֵבֽוּךָ׃ |
At the fragrance of your good oils, Your name is as oil poured out, Which is why the virgins love you. |
virgins: distinct from queens and mistresses (all three terms are used in Song 6:8). |
| Song 1:4 | מָשְׁכֵ֖נִי אַחֲרֶ֣יךָ נָּר֑וּצָה הֱבִיאַ֨נִי הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ חֲדָרָ֗יו נָגִ֤ילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֙יךָ֙ מִיַּ֔יִן מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּךָ׃ ס |
Draw me after you; we will run away. The king has brought me to his rooms.” “We will rejoice and be glad with you; We will remember your love more than wine. Those who are upright love you.” |
draw me after you: AV differs in word grouping, as does MT (draw me, we will run after thee). [CB] agrees with our grouping. A looser translation would be get me out of here.
Friends or family speak in support. |
| Song 1:5 | שְׁחוֹרָ֤ה אֲנִי֙ וְֽנָאוָ֔ה בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כְּאָהֳלֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר כִּירִיע֖וֹת שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ |
“I am swarthy and comely, You daughters of Jerusalem, Like the tents of Kedar, Like Solomon's curtains. |
The Shulamite speaks specifically to the court-ladies. |
| Song 1:6 | אַל־תִּרְא֙וּנִי֙ שֶׁאֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַ֖תְנִי הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ בְּנֵ֧י אִמִּ֣י נִֽחֲרוּ־בִ֗י שָׂמֻ֙נִי֙ נֹטֵרָ֣ה אֶת־הַכְּרָמִ֔ים כַּרְמִ֥י שֶׁלִּ֖י לֹ֥א נָטָֽרְתִּי׃ |
Do not look at me, because I am swarthy – Because the sun has given me a tan. The sons of my mother have become angry with me. They appointed me as a guardian of their vineyards; I have not guarded my own vineyard. |
do not look: plural. |
| Song 1:7 | הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֗י שֶׁ֤אָהֲבָה֙ נַפְשִׁ֔י אֵיכָ֣ה תִרְעֶ֔ה אֵיכָ֖ה תַּרְבִּ֣יץ בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם שַׁלָּמָ֤ה אֶֽהְיֶה֙ כְּעֹ֣טְיָ֔ה עַ֖ל עֶדְרֵ֥י חֲבֵרֶֽיךָ׃ |
Tell me, you whom my being loves, Where are you tending your flock? Where do you make them lie down at noon? For why should I be languishing Alongside the flocks of your fellow shepherds?” |
The Shulamite soliloquizes.
being ← soul. languishing ← as languishing. |
| Song 1:8 | אִם־לֹ֤א תֵדְעִי֙ לָ֔ךְ הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים צְֽאִי־לָ֞ךְ בְּעִקְבֵ֣י הַצֹּ֗אן וּרְעִי֙ אֶת־גְּדִיֹּתַ֔יִךְ עַ֖ל מִשְׁכְּנ֥וֹת הָרֹעִֽים׃ ס |
“If you do not know, O most beautiful among women, Then go out along the tracks of the flock And tend your goat-kids By the tabernacles of the shepherds.” |
The court-ladies answer ironically.
know ... go out ← know for yourself ... go out for yourself, ethic datives adding to the irony. tabernacles: i.e. tents, but we translate this word concordantly. |
| Song 1:9 | לְסֻסָתִי֙ בְּרִכְבֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה דִּמִּיתִ֖יךְ רַעְיָתִֽי׃ |
“I have compared you to my mare Among Pharaoh's chariots, my beloved. |
Solomon speaks, trying to gain the Shulamite's affection. |
| Song 1:10 | נָאו֤וּ לְחָיַ֙יִךְ֙ בַּתֹּרִ֔ים צַוָּארֵ֖ךְ בַּחֲרוּזִֽים׃ |
How beautiful would be your cheeks With rows of beads, And your neck with strings of pearls! |
|
| Song 1:11 | תּוֹרֵ֤י זָהָב֙ נַעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ עִ֖ם נְקֻדּ֥וֹת הַכָּֽסֶף׃ |
We will make you rows of golden beads With studs of silver.” |
silver ← the silver. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Song 1:12 | עַד־שֶׁ֤הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בִּמְסִבּ֔וֹ נִרְדִּ֖י נָתַ֥ן רֵיחֽוֹ׃ |
“While the king is on his couch, My spikenard emits its fragrance. |
The Shulamite speaks. |
| Song 1:13 | צְר֨וֹר הַמֹּ֤ר ׀ דּוֹדִי֙ לִ֔י בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖י יָלִֽין׃ |
My lover is a bundle of myrrh to me. He shall pass the night between my breasts. |
he: [CB] and others, but not AV, translate as it, referring to the bundle of myrrh. |
| Song 1:14 | אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַכֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִי֙ לִ֔י בְּכַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי׃ ס |
My lover is a bunch of henna flowers to me, In the vineyards of En-Gedi.” |
|
| Song 1:15 | הִנָּ֤ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔י הִנָּ֥ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִךְ יוֹנִֽים׃ |
“Behold how beautiful you are, my beloved; Behold how beautiful you are With your eyes of a dove.” |
The shepherd lover speaks.
a dove ← doves. |
| Song 1:16 | הִנְּךָ֨ יָפֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ אַ֣ף נָעִ֔ים אַף־עַרְשֵׂ֖נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה׃ |
“Behold how handsome you are my lover – Indeed delightful – Moreover our couch is fresh.” |
The Shulamite speaks. |
| Song 1:17 | קֹר֤וֹת בָּתֵּ֙ינוּ֙ אֲרָזִ֔ים *רחיטנו **רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ בְּרוֹתִֽים׃ |
“The joists of our house are cedars, And our wainscoting is of cypress.” |
wainscoting: the ketiv has to be regarded as a dialectal equivalent to the qeré.
A joint statement by the Shulamite and the shepherd lover. cypress: in an Aramaic form. |
| Song 2:1 | אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַשָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָעֲמָקִֽים׃ |
“I am a lily of Sharon And a lily of the valley.” |
The Shulamite speaks.
Sharon ← the Sharon. The name of a plain. |
| Song 2:2 | כְּשֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַחוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖י בֵּ֥ין הַבָּנֽוֹת׃ |
“Like a lily among the brambles, So is my beloved among the daughters.” |
The shepherd lover speaks. |
| Song 2:3 | כְּתַפּ֙וּחַ֙ בַּעֲצֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖י בֵּ֣ין הַבָּנִ֑ים בְּצִלּוֹ֙ חִמַּ֣דְתִּי וְיָשַׁ֔בְתִּי וּפִרְי֖וֹ מָת֥וֹק לְחִכִּֽי׃ |
“Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest, So is my lover among the sons. In his shadow I delight and sit, And his fruit is sweet to my taste. |
The Shulamite speaks.
taste ← palate. |
| Song 2:4 | הֱבִיאַ֙נִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַיָּ֔יִן וְדִגְל֥וֹ עָלַ֖י אַהֲבָֽה׃ |
He brought me to the house of wine, And the ensign over me was love. |
|
| Song 2:5 | סַמְּכ֙וּנִי֙ בָּֽאֲשִׁישׁ֔וֹת רַפְּד֖וּנִי בַּתַּפּוּחִ֑ים כִּי־חוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי׃ |
Sustain me with raisin cake, Refresh me with apples, For I am lovesick. |
sustain me ... refresh me: plural imperatives.
raisin cake: AV differs (flagons). |
| Song 2:6 | שְׂמֹאלוֹ֙ תַּ֣חַת לְרֹאשִׁ֔י וִימִינ֖וֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽנִי׃ |
His left hand will be under my head, And his right hand will embrace me. |
|
| Song 2:7 | הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֜ם בְּנ֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בִּצְבָא֔וֹת א֖וֹ בְּאַיְל֣וֹת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה אִם־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽאִם־תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃ ס |
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the wild gazelles and deer hinds, Do not by any means awaken or arouse love, Until it is willing. |
A plea to the court-ladies (discordant in gender) not to incite affections for Solomon.
do not by any means: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. it is willing: AV differs (he please). |
| Song 2:8 | ק֣וֹל דּוֹדִ֔י הִנֵּה־זֶ֖ה בָּ֑א מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־הַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃ |
The voice of my lover – Behold, he is coming – Leaping over the mountains And bounding over the hills. |
|
| Song 2:9 | דּוֹמֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ לִצְבִ֔י א֖וֹ לְעֹ֣פֶר הָֽאַיָּלִ֑ים הִנֵּה־זֶ֤ה עוֹמֵד֙ אַחַ֣ר כָּתְלֵ֔נוּ מַשְׁגִּ֙יחַ֙ מִן־הַֽחֲלֹּנ֔וֹת מֵצִ֖יץ מִן־הַֽחֲרַכִּֽים׃ |
My lover is like a gazelle or a deer fawn. See how he is standing behind our wall, Gazing from the windows, Glancing from the grille. |
|
| Song 2:10 | עָנָ֥ה דוֹדִ֖י וְאָ֣מַר לִ֑י ק֥וּמִי לָ֛ךְ רַעְיָתִ֥י יָפָתִ֖י וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃ |
My lover answered and said to me, ‘Get yourself up, my beloved, my beauty, And get going. |
The Shulamite quotes the shepherd lover.
get yourself up ... get going: ethic datives. |
| Song 2:11 | כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֥ה *הסתו **הַסְּתָ֖יו עָבָ֑ר הַגֶּ֕שֶׁם חָלַ֖ף הָלַ֥ךְ לֽוֹ׃ |
For behold, the winter has passed, The rain has passed on And gone its way. |
winter: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. The Modern Hebrew meaning is autumn. |
| Song 2:12 | הַנִּצָּנִים֙ נִרְא֣וּ בָאָ֔רֶץ עֵ֥ת הַזָּמִ֖יר הִגִּ֑יעַ וְק֥וֹל הַתּ֖וֹר נִשְׁמַ֥ע בְּאַרְצֵֽנוּ׃ |
The blossoms have appeared in the land, The time of pruning has arrived, And the sound of the turtle-dove Is heard in our land. |
pruning: [AnLx]= pruning-time; [BDB], [Ges-HCL] have pruning, trimming; [BDB] others, singing; [Ges-HCL] others, time of the singing of birds. NH= pruning; nightingale. Nightingale would balance turtle-dove. |
| Song 2:13 | הַתְּאֵנָה֙ חָֽנְטָ֣ה פַגֶּ֔יהָ וְהַגְּפָנִ֥ים ׀ סְמָדַ֖ר נָ֣תְנוּ רֵ֑יחַ ק֥וּמִי *לכי **לָ֛ךְ רַעְיָתִ֥י יָפָתִ֖י וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃ ס |
The fig tree has ripened its unripe figs, And the vines with vine blossom have produced a fragrance. {K: Arise, come} [Q: Arise, will you,] my beloved, my beauty, And get moving. |
arise, will you (qeré) ← arise for yourself, taking לָךְ as an ethic dative.
get moving ← go for yourself, an ethic dative. |
| Song 2:14 | יוֹנָתִ֞י בְּחַגְוֵ֣י הַסֶּ֗לַע בְּסֵ֙תֶר֙ הַמַּדְרֵגָ֔ה הַרְאִ֙ינִי֙ אֶתּ־מַרְאַ֔יִךְ הַשְׁמִיעִ֖ינִי אֶת־קוֹלֵ֑ךְ כִּי־קוֹלֵ֥ךְ עָרֵ֖ב וּמַרְאֵ֥יךְ נָאוֶֽה׃ ס |
O dove of mine in the clefts of the rock, In the shelter of the precipice, Show me what you look like, And let me hear your voice, For your voice is mellow And your appearance is becoming.’ |
what you look like ← your appearances. |
| Song 2:15 | אֶֽחֱזוּ־לָ֙נוּ֙ שֽׁוּעָלִ֔ים שֽׁוּעָלִ֥ים קְטַנִּ֖ים מְחַבְּלִ֣ים כְּרָמִ֑ים וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ סְמָדַֽר׃ |
‘Catch the foxes for us, The little foxes which spoil the vineyards, For our vineyards are in blossom.’ |
The Shulamite quotes her brothers.
for: causal use of the vav. |
| Song 2:16 | דּוֹדִ֥י לִי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י ל֔וֹ הָרֹעֶ֖ה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃ |
My lover is mine, And I am his – The shepherd among the lilies. |
The Shulamite speaks her own words. |
| Song 2:17 | עַ֤ד שֶׁיָּפ֙וּחַ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְנָ֖סוּ הַצְּלָלִ֑ים סֹב֩ דְּמֵה־לְךָ֨ דוֹדִ֜י לִצְבִ֗י א֛וֹ לְעֹ֥פֶר הָאַיָּלִ֖ים עַל־הָ֥רֵי בָֽתֶר׃ ס |
Before the day grows cool, And the shadows flee, Return, my beloved; Be like a gazelle or a deer fawn On the mountains of Bether. |
|
| Song 3:1 | עַל־מִשְׁכָּבִי֙ בַּלֵּיל֔וֹת בִּקַּ֕שְׁתִּי אֵ֥ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑י בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖יו וְלֹ֥א מְצָאתִֽיו׃ |
On my couch at night I sought him Whom my whole being loves; I sought him, But I did not find him. |
being ← soul.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Song 3:2 | אָק֨וּמָה נָּ֜א וַאֲסוֹבְבָ֣ה בָעִ֗יר בַּשְּׁוָקִים֙ וּבָ֣רְחֹב֔וֹת אֲבַקְשָׁ֕ה אֵ֥ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑י בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֖יו וְלֹ֥א מְצָאתִֽיו׃ |
Let me get up, then, And I will go around the city; In the squares and the streets, I will seek him Whom my whole being loves. I sought him, But I did not find him. |
being ← soul.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Song 3:3 | מְצָא֙וּנִי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים הַסֹּבְבִ֖ים בָּעִ֑יר אֵ֛ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י רְאִיתֶֽם׃ |
The watchmen who patrol the city found me. I asked, ‘Have you seen the one Whom my whole being loves?’ |
patrol ← go around in.
being ← soul. |
| Song 3:4 | כִּמְעַט֙ שֶׁעָבַ֣רְתִּי מֵהֶ֔ם עַ֣ד שֶֽׁמָּצָ֔אתִי אֵ֥ת שֶׁאָהֲבָ֖ה נַפְשִׁ֑י אֲחַזְתִּיו֙ וְלֹ֣א אַרְפֶּ֔נּוּ עַד־שֶׁ֤הֲבֵיאתִיו֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אִמִּ֔י וְאֶל־חֶ֖דֶר הוֹרָתִֽי׃ |
I had hardly passed on from them When I found him Whom my whole being loves. I held on to him And would not let him go Until I had brought him to my mother's house, And to the room of her who conceived me. |
being ← soul. |
| Song 3:5 | הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֜ם בְּנ֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בִּצְבָא֔וֹת א֖וֹ בְּאַיְל֣וֹת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה אִם־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽאִם־תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃ ס |
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the wild gazelles and deer hinds, Do not by any means awaken or arouse love, Until it is willing.” |
A plea to the court-ladies (discordant in gender) not to incite affections for Solomon, as in Song 2:7. AV differs likewise.
do not by any means: strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Song 3:6 | מִ֣י זֹ֗את עֹלָה֙ מִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר כְּתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָׁ֑ן מְקֻטֶּ֤רֶת מוֹר֙ וּלְבוֹנָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל אַבְקַ֥ת רוֹכֵֽל׃ |
“Who is this coming up from the desert, Like pillars of smoke, Perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, With all the aromatic powder of the merchant?” |
A first inhabitant of Jerusalem speaks.
perfumed with: wider use of the construct state. |
| Song 3:7 | הִנֵּ֗ה מִטָּתוֹ֙ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה שִׁשִּׁ֥ים גִּבֹּרִ֖ים סָבִ֣יב לָ֑הּ מִגִּבֹּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ |
“Behold Solomon's bed. There are sixty warriors around it From the warriors of Israel. |
A second inhabitant of Jerusalem speaks, answering the question. |
| Song 3:8 | כֻּלָּם֙ אֲחֻ֣זֵי חֶ֔רֶב מְלֻמְּדֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה אִ֤ישׁ חַרְבּוֹ֙ עַל־יְרֵכ֔וֹ מִפַּ֖חַד בַּלֵּילּֽוֹת׃ ס |
They are all wielding a sword And are trained in warfare. Each has his sword on his thigh Because of fear at night.” |
trained in: wider use of the construct state. |
| Song 3:9 | אַפִּרְי֗וֹן עָ֤שָׂה לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֵעֲצֵ֖י הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ |
“King Solomon has made himself a litter From the wood of Lebanon. |
A third inhabitant of Jerusalem speaks. |
| Song 3:10 | עַמּוּדָיו֙ עָ֣שָׂה כֶ֔סֶף רְפִידָת֣וֹ זָהָ֔ב מֶרְכָּב֖וֹ אַרְגָּמָ֑ן תּוֹכוֹ֙ רָצ֣וּף אַהֲבָ֔ה מִבְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
He made its posts of silver And its backing of gold And its seat of purple material. Its inside is a mosaic of love themes From the daughters of Jerusalem.” |
|
| Song 3:11 | צְאֶ֧ינָה ׀ וּֽרְאֶ֛ינָה בְּנ֥וֹת צִיּ֖וֹן בַּמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה בָּעֲטָרָ֗ה שֶׁעִטְּרָה־לּ֤וֹ אִמּוֹ֙ בְּי֣וֹם חֲתֻנָּת֔וֹ וּבְי֖וֹם שִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽוֹ׃ ס |
“Come out, O daughters of Zion, And look at King Solomon, With the crown with which his mother crowned him On his wedding day, And on the day of joy in his heart.” |
A fourth inhabitant of Jerusalem speaks.
in his heart ← of his heart. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Song 4:1 | הִנָּ֨ךְ יָפָ֤ה רַעְיָתִי֙ הִנָּ֣ךְ יָפָ֔ה עֵינַ֣יִךְ יוֹנִ֔ים מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵ֑ךְ שַׂעְרֵךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שֶׁגָּלְשׁ֖וּ מֵהַ֥ר גִּלְעָֽד׃ |
“How beautiful you are, my beloved, How beautiful you are! Your eyes are those of doves through your veil. Your hair is like a flock of goats Which shine from Mount Gilead. |
The shepherd lover speaks.
how beautiful you are (2x) ← behold you beautiful. shine: AV differs (appear). Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Song 4:2 | שִׁנַּ֙יִךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הַקְּצוּב֔וֹת שֶׁעָל֖וּ מִן־הָרַחְצָ֑ה שֶׁכֻּלָּם֙ מַתְאִימ֔וֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Your teeth are like a flock Which has been shorn, Which has come up from the washing place, Which are all paired And among which none is bereft of young. |
all paired: referring to the matching top and bottom teeth.
bereft of young: by analogy a missing tooth in the row. |
| Song 4:3 | כְּח֤וּט הַשָּׁנִי֙ שִׂפְתֹתַ֔יִךְ וּמִדְבָּרֵ֖יךְ נָאוֶ֑ה כְּפֶ֤לַח הָֽרִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔ךְ מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵֽךְ׃ |
Your lips are like a scarlet thread, And your speech is delightful. Your cheek is like the segment of a pomegranate Through your veil. |
|
| Song 4:4 | כְּמִגְדַּ֤ל דָּוִיד֙ צַוָּארֵ֔ךְ בָּנ֖וּי לְתַלְפִּיּ֑וֹת אֶ֤לֶף הַמָּגֵן֙ תָּל֣וּי עָלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל שִׁלְטֵ֥י הַגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ |
Your neck is like the Tower of David, Built as an armoury. A thousand bucklers hang from it – All the shields of warriors. |
bucklers: see Jer 46:3. |
| Song 4:5 | שְׁנֵ֥י שָׁדַ֛יִךְ כִּשְׁנֵ֥י עֳפָרִ֖ים תְּאוֹמֵ֣י צְבִיָּ֑ה הָרוֹעִ֖ים בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃ |
Your two breasts are like two deer fawn twins Of the gazelle hind, Grazing among the lilies.” |
|
| Song 4:6 | עַ֤ד שֶׁיָּפ֙וּחַ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְנָ֖סוּ הַצְּלָלִ֑ים אֵ֤לֶךְ לִי֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר הַמּ֔וֹר וְאֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הַלְּבוֹנָֽה׃ |
“Before the day grows cool, And the shadows flee, I will betake myself To the mountain of myrrh And to the hill of frankincense.” |
The Shulamite speaks.
betake myself ← go for myself. |
| Song 4:7 | כֻּלָּ֤ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔י וּמ֖וּם אֵ֥ין בָּֽךְ׃ ס |
“You are beautiful all over, my beloved, And there is no blemish on you. |
The shepherd lover speaks.
you are beautiful all over ← all of you (is) beautiful. |
| Song 4:8 | אִתִּ֤י מִלְּבָנוֹן֙ כַּלָּ֔ה אִתִּ֖י מִלְּבָנ֣וֹן תָּב֑וֹאִי תָּשׁ֣וּרִי ׀ מֵרֹ֣אשׁ אֲמָנָ֗ה מֵרֹ֤אשׁ שְׂנִיר֙ וְחֶרְמ֔וֹן מִמְּעֹנ֣וֹת אֲרָי֔וֹת מֵֽהַרְרֵ֖י נְמֵרִֽים׃ |
Come with me from Lebanon, my bride, With me from Lebanon. Look from the peak of Amana, From the peak of Senir and Hermon, From the dens of lions And from the mountains of leopards. |
Senir: AV= Shenir. See Deut 3:9. |
| Song 4:9 | לִבַּבְתִּ֖נִי אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה לִבַּבְתִּ֙ינִי֙ *באחד **בְּאַחַ֣ת מֵעֵינַ֔יִךְ בְּאַחַ֥ד עֲנָ֖ק מִצַּוְּרֹנָֽיִךְ׃ |
You have given me heart, my sister, my bride, You have given me heart With one of your eyes, With one necklace of your necklace stack. |
one of: the ketiv is masculine, the qeré feminine (the usual gender for eye). |
| Song 4:10 | מַה־יָּפ֥וּ דֹדַ֖יִךְ אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה מַה־טֹּ֤בוּ דֹדַ֙יִךְ֙ מִיַּ֔יִן וְרֵ֥יחַ שְׁמָנַ֖יִךְ מִכָּל־בְּשָׂמִֽים׃ |
How beautiful your love is, my sister, my bride! How your love is better than wine, And the fragrance of your oils than all the perfumes! |
|
| Song 4:11 | נֹ֛פֶת תִּטֹּ֥פְנָה שִׂפְתוֹתַ֖יִךְ כַּלָּ֑ה דְּבַ֤שׁ וְחָלָב֙ תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנֵ֔ךְ וְרֵ֥יחַ שַׂלְמֹתַ֖יִךְ כְּרֵ֥יחַ לְבָנֽוֹן׃ ס |
Your lips distil honey from the honeycomb, my bride. Honey and milk are under your tongue, And the fragrance of your clothes Is like the fragrance of Lebanon. |
|
| Song 4:12 | גַּ֥ן ׀ נָע֖וּל אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה גַּ֥ל נָע֖וּל מַעְיָ֥ן חָתֽוּם׃ |
My sister – my bride – is a locked garden, A blocked spring, a sealed water-source. |
|
| Song 4:13 | שְׁלָחַ֙יִךְ֙ פַּרְדֵּ֣ס רִמּוֹנִ֔ים עִ֖ם פְּרִ֣י מְגָדִ֑ים כְּפָרִ֖ים עִם־נְרָדִֽים׃ |
Your shoots are a park of pomegranates, With exquisite fruit, Henna flowers with spikenard plants, |
exquisite fruit ← fruit of exquisitenesses, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Song 4:14 | נֵ֣רְדְּ ׀ וְכַרְכֹּ֗ם קָנֶה֙ וְקִנָּמ֔וֹן עִ֖ם כָּל־עֲצֵ֣י לְבוֹנָ֑ה מֹ֚ר וַאֲהָל֔וֹת עִ֖ם כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים׃ |
Spikenard and saffron, Sweet cane and cinnamon, With all kinds of frankincense trees, Myrrh and aloes, With all the prime sorts of perfumes, |
|
| Song 4:15 | מַעְיַ֣ן גַּנִּ֔ים בְּאֵ֖ר מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֑ים וְנֹזְלִ֖ים מִן־לְבָנֽוֹן׃ |
A source for gardens, A well of living water, And distillations from Lebanon. |
|
| Song 4:16 | ע֤וּרִי צָפוֹן֙ וּב֣וֹאִי תֵימָ֔ן הָפִ֥יחִי גַנִּ֖י יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑יו יָבֹ֤א דוֹדִי֙ לְגַנּ֔וֹ וְיֹאכַ֖ל פְּרִ֥י מְגָדָֽיו׃ |
Awake, O North, And come, O South, Blow on my garden and let its perfumes distil.” “Let my lover come to his garden, And eat its exquisite fruit.” |
The Shulamite interposes.
its: AV differs (his), also possible. exquisite fruit: see Song 4:13. |
| Song 5:1 | בָּ֣אתִי לְגַנִּי֮ אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּה֒ אָרִ֤יתִי מוֹרִי֙ עִם־בְּשָׂמִ֔י אָכַ֤לְתִּי יַעְרִי֙ עִם־דִּבְשִׁ֔י שָׁתִ֥יתִי יֵינִ֖י עִם־חֲלָבִ֑י אִכְל֣וּ רֵעִ֔ים שְׁת֥וּ וְשִׁכְר֖וּ דּוֹדִֽים׃ ס |
“I have come to my garden, my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my perfume, I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey, I have drunk my wine with my milk.” “Eat, friends, Drink, and imbibe strong drink, You lovers.” |
The shepherd lover speaks, then the court-ladies. |
| Song 5:2 | אֲנִ֥י יְשֵׁנָ֖ה וְלִבִּ֣י עֵ֑ר ק֣וֹל ׀ דּוֹדִ֣י דוֹפֵ֗ק פִּתְחִי־לִ֞י אֲחֹתִ֤י רַעְיָתִי֙ יוֹנָתִ֣י תַמָּתִ֔י שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי֙ נִמְלָא־טָ֔ל קְוֻּצּוֹתַ֖י רְסִ֥יסֵי לָֽיְלָה׃ |
“I was asleep, But my heart was awake; The voice of my lover was knocking, ‘Open to me, my sister, My beloved, my dove, my undefiled, For my head is full of dew, As are my locks of hair With dewdrops of the night. |
The Shulamite tells the court-ladies her dream, including the shepherd lover speaking in the dream.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Song 5:3 | פָּשַׁ֙טְתִּי֙ אֶת־כֻּתָּנְתִּ֔י אֵיכָ֖כָה אֶלְבָּשֶׁ֑נָּה רָחַ֥צְתִּי אֶת־רַגְלַ֖י אֵיכָ֥כָה אֲטַנְּפֵֽם׃ |
I have taken my tunic off; How can I put it on again? I have washed my feet; How can I soil them again?’ |
|
| Song 5:4 | דּוֹדִ֗י שָׁלַ֤ח יָדוֹ֙ מִן־הַחֹ֔ר וּמֵעַ֖י הָמ֥וּ עָלָֽיו׃ |
My lover stretched out his hand by the lock hole, And I was moved inwardly because of him. |
The Shulamite speaks her own words.
was moved inwardly ← my innards moved. |
| Song 5:5 | קַ֥מְתִּֽי אֲנִ֖י לִפְתֹּ֣חַ לְדוֹדִ֑י וְיָדַ֣י נָֽטְפוּ־מ֗וֹר וְאֶצְבְּעֹתַי֙ מ֣וֹר עֹבֵ֔ר עַ֖ל כַּפּ֥וֹת הַמַּנְעֽוּל׃ |
I arose to open to my lover, And my hands exuded drops of myrrh, And my fingers liquid myrrh On the handles of the lock. |
liquid ← passing across, overflowing. AV differs (sweet smelling), perhaps translating עֹרֵב. |
| Song 5:6 | פָּתַ֤חְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ לְדוֹדִ֔י וְדוֹדִ֖י חָמַ֣ק עָבָ֑ר נַפְשִׁי֙ יָֽצְאָ֣ה בְדַבְּר֔וֹ בִּקַּשְׁתִּ֙יהוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֔יהוּ קְרָאתִ֖יו וְלֹ֥א עָנָֽנִי׃ |
I opened to my lover, But my lover withdrew and vanished. My heart went out to him when he spoke. I sought him, But I did not find him; I called to him, But he did not answer me. |
but (3x): adversative use of the vav.
my heart ← my soul. |
| Song 5:7 | מְצָאֻ֧נִי הַשֹּׁמְרִ֛ים הַסֹּבְבִ֥ים בָּעִ֖יר הִכּ֣וּנִי פְצָע֑וּנִי נָשְׂא֤וּ אֶת־רְדִידִי֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י שֹׁמְרֵ֖י הַחֹמֽוֹת׃ |
The watchmen who patrol in the city found me. They struck me, they wounded me; The guardians of the walls lifted my veil off me. |
patrol ← go round in. |
| Song 5:8 | הִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּנ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אִֽם־תִּמְצְאוּ֙ אֶת־דּוֹדִ֔י מַה־תַּגִּ֣ידוּ ל֔וֹ שֶׁחוֹלַ֥ת אַהֲבָ֖ה אָֽנִי׃ |
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, If you find my lover, That you tell him That I am lovesick.” |
that you tell him ... that ← what you tell him (is) that. |
| Song 5:9 | מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים מַה־דּוֹדֵ֣ךְ מִדּ֔וֹד שֶׁכָּ֖כָה הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ |
“In what way is your lover different From any other lover, O beautiful one among women? In what way is your lover different From any other lover, That you should adjure us like this?” |
The court-ladies speak. |
| Song 5:10 | דּוֹדִ֥י צַח֙ וְאָד֔וֹם דָּג֖וּל מֵרְבָבָֽה׃ |
“My lover is bright and red, Conspicuous among ten thousand. |
The Shulamite speaks.
red: or ruddy, but that is somewhat incompatible with bright. among ← from. |
| Song 5:11 | רֹאשׁ֖וֹ כֶּ֣תֶם פָּ֑ז קְוּצּוֹתָיו֙ תַּלְתַּלִּ֔ים שְׁחֹר֖וֹת כָּעוֹרֵֽב׃ |
His head is pure gold; His locks of hair are swaying palm fronds, And they are black like a raven. |
|
| Song 5:12 | עֵינָ֕יו כְּיוֹנִ֖ים עַל־אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֑יִם רֹֽחֲצוֹת֙ בֶּֽחָלָ֔ב יֹשְׁב֖וֹת עַל־מִלֵּֽאת׃ |
His eyes are like a dove's By the torrents of water – Eyes washed in milk, Set like a gemstone in a bezel. |
like a dove's ← like doves.
set ← sitting. |
| Song 5:13 | לְחָיָו֙ כַּעֲרוּגַ֣ת הַבֹּ֔שֶׂם מִגְדְּל֖וֹת מֶרְקָחִ֑ים שִׂפְתוֹתָיו֙ שֽׁוֹשַׁנִּ֔ים נֹטְפ֖וֹת מ֥וֹר עֹבֵֽר׃ |
His cheeks are like a raised garden of balsam plants – Raised beds of aromatic herbs; His lips are like lilies, Exuding liquid myrrh. |
balsam: or aromatic plants in general.
liquid: see Song 5:5. |
| Song 5:14 | יָדָיו֙ גְּלִילֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב מְמֻלָּאִ֖ים בַּתַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ מֵעָיו֙ עֶ֣שֶׁת שֵׁ֔ן מְעֻלֶּ֖פֶת סַפִּירִֽים׃ |
His forearms are cylinders of gold Set with Tarshish gemstones; His midriff is polished ivory, Covered with sapphires. |
forearms: the word includes the hands, and it is often translated hands. |
| Song 5:15 | שׁוֹקָיו֙ עַמּ֣וּדֵי שֵׁ֔שׁ מְיֻסָּדִ֖ים עַל־אַדְנֵי־פָ֑ז מַרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ כַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן בָּח֖וּר כָּאֲרָזִֽים׃ |
His legs are pillars of marble, Founded on socles of pure gold. His appearance is as Lebanon; He is a young man like the cedars. |
|
| Song 5:16 | חִכּוֹ֙ מַֽמְתַקִּ֔ים וְכֻלּ֖וֹ מַחֲּמַדִּ֑ים זֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ וְזֶ֣ה רֵעִ֔י בְּנ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ |
His mouth is most sweet. And all of him is most desirable. This is my lover And this is my beloved, O daughters of Jerusalem.” |
mouth ← palate.
most sweet ... most desirable ← sweet (things) ... desirable (things). |
| Song 6:1 | אָ֚נָה הָלַ֣ךְ דּוֹדֵ֔ךְ הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים אָ֚נָה פָּנָ֣ה דוֹדֵ֔ךְ וּנְבַקְשֶׁ֖נּוּ עִמָּֽךְ׃ |
“Where has your lover gone, O most beautiful among women? Which way has your lover turned? Then let us look for him with you.” |
The court-ladies speak.
which way ← to where. |
| Song 6:2 | דּוֹדִי֙ יָרַ֣ד לְגַנּ֔וֹ לַעֲרוּג֖וֹת הַבֹּ֑שֶׂם לִרְעוֹת֙ בַּגַּנִּ֔ים וְלִלְקֹ֖ט שֽׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃ |
“My lover went down to his garden, To the raised beds of balsam To graze in the gardens And to gather lilies. |
The Shulamite speaks.
balsam: see Song 5:13. graze: either graze his flock, or of himself, perhaps figuratively, as in feast one's eyes. |
| Song 6:3 | אֲנִ֤י לְדוֹדִי֙ וְדוֹדִ֣י לִ֔י הָרֹעֶ֖ה בַּשׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃ ס |
I belong to my lover, And my lover belongs to me, The one grazing among the lilies.” |
grazing: see Song 6:2. |
| Song 6:4 | יָפָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ רַעְיָתִי֙ כְּתִרְצָ֔ה נָאוָ֖ה כִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ |
“You are beautiful, my beloved, like Tirzah, As delightful as Jerusalem, As awe-inspiring as a display of banners. |
Solomon speaks. He has a liking for geographical similes.
Tirzah: the royal residence. |
| Song 6:5 | הָסֵ֤בִּי עֵינַ֙יִךְ֙ מִנֶּגְדִּ֔י שֶׁ֥הֵ֖ם הִרְהִיבֻ֑נִי שַׂעְרֵךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שֶׁגָּלְשׁ֖וּ מִן־הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ |
Turn your eyes away from me, For they have excited me. Your hair is like a flock of goats Which shine from Gilead. |
shine: AV differs (appear).
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| Song 6:6 | שִׁנַּ֙יִךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הָֽרְחֵלִ֔ים שֶׁעָל֖וּ מִן־הָרַחְצָ֑ה שֶׁכֻּלָּם֙ מַתְאִימ֔וֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם׃ |
Your teeth are like a flock of ewes Which have come up from the washing-place, Which are all paired, And among which none is bereft of young. |
bereft of young: see Song 4:2.
Solomon appears to be imitating the shepherd lover in this verse and the next. See Song 4:2, Song 4:3. |
| Song 6:7 | כְּפֶ֤לַח הָרִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔ךְ מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵֽךְ׃ |
Your cheek is like the segment of a pomegranate Through your veil. |
|
| Song 6:8 | שִׁשִּׁ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מְּלָכ֔וֹת וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים פִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים וַעֲלָמ֖וֹת אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ |
There are sixty queens and eighty mistresses, And virgins without number. |
|
| Song 6:9 | אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ יוֹנָתִ֣י תַמָּתִ֔י אַחַ֥ת הִיא֙ לְאִמָּ֔הּ בָּרָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְיֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ רָא֤וּהָ בָנוֹת֙ וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֔וּהָ מְלָכ֥וֹת וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖ים וַֽיְהַלְלֽוּהָ׃ ס |
But there is just one of my dove, My undefiled. She is the only one of her mother's; She is the favourite of her who bore her. The daughters saw her and blessed her, And the queens and mistresses praised her And said, |
|
| Song 6:10 | מִי־זֹ֥את הַנִּשְׁקָפָ֖ה כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַר יָפָ֣ה כַלְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ ס |
‘Who is this peeping out like the dawn, As beautiful as the moon, As clear as the sun, As awesome as a display of banners?’ ” |
Solomon quotes the queens and mistresses. |
| Song 6:11 | אֶל־גִּנַּ֤ת אֱגוֹז֙ יָרַ֔דְתִּי לִרְא֖וֹת בְּאִבֵּ֣י הַנָּ֑חַל לִרְאוֹת֙ הֲפָֽרְחָ֣ה הַגֶּ֔פֶן הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָרִמֹּנִֽים׃ |
“I went down to the nut garden To see the plant life of the valley, To see if the vine was blossoming – If the pomegranates were blooming. |
The Shulamite speaks.
valley: or torrent, but referring to the banks. |
| Song 6:12 | לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי נַפְשִׁ֣י שָׂמַ֔תְנִי מַרְכְּב֖וֹת עַמִּי־נָדִֽיב׃ |
I don't know how I landed myself In the chariots of my noble people.” |
I landed myself ← my soul put me.
The Shulamite does not know how it happened that she ended up in the king's chariots (to be taken to Solomon as a potential mistress or wife) [CB]. |
| Song 7:1 Song 6:13AV |
שׁ֤וּבִי שׁ֙וּבִי֙ הַשּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית שׁ֥וּבִי שׁ֖וּבִי וְנֶחֱזֶה־בָּ֑ךְ מַֽה־תֶּחֱזוּ֙ בַּשּׁ֣וּלַמִּ֔ית כִּמְחֹלַ֖ת הַֽמַּחֲנָֽיִם׃ |
“Come back, come back, O Shulamite, come back. Come back, and let us look at you.” “What do you see in the Shulamite?” “You are like the dance of Mahanaim. |
Solomon speaks. The Shulamite answers. Then Solomon answers again [CB]; see Song 7:6 (Song 7:5AV), king, and the geographical similes.
dance of Mahanaim: AV differs (company of two armies), translating the place name. |
| Song 7:2 Song 7:1AV |
מַה־יָּפ֧וּ פְעָמַ֛יִךְ בַּנְּעָלִ֖ים בַּת־נָדִ֑יב חַמּוּקֵ֣י יְרֵכַ֔יִךְ כְּמ֣וֹ חֲלָאִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י אָמָּֽן׃ |
How beautiful your feet are in your shoes, O daughter of a noble. Your figure at your thighs is like necklaces – Craftsmanship in the hands of an artisan. |
feet ← steps.
at your thighs ... in the hands of: wider use of the construct state. |
| Song 7:3 Song 7:2AV |
שָׁרְרֵךְ֙ אַגַּ֣ן הַסַּ֔הַר אַל־יֶחְסַ֖ר הַמָּ֑זֶג בִּטְנֵךְ֙ עֲרֵמַ֣ת חִטִּ֔ים סוּגָ֖ה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים׃ |
Your navel is like a round bowl; Let it not lack spiced wine. Your stomach is a pile of wheat Enclosed by lilies. |
round bowl ← bowl of roundness, a Hebraic genitive.
spiced ← mixed. |
| Song 7:4 Song 7:3AV |
שְׁנֵ֥י שָׁדַ֛יִךְ כִּשְׁנֵ֥י עֳפָרִ֖ים תָּאֳמֵ֥י צְבִיָּֽה׃ |
Your two breasts are like two deer fawn – Twins of the gazelle hind. |
|
| Song 7:5 Song 7:4AV |
צַוָּארֵ֖ךְ כְּמִגְדַּ֣ל הַשֵּׁ֑ן עֵינַ֜יִךְ בְּרֵכ֣וֹת בְּחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן עַל־שַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּת־רַבִּ֔ים אַפֵּךְ֙ כְּמִגְדַּ֣ל הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן צוֹפֶ֖ה פְּנֵ֥י דַמָּֽשֶׂק׃ |
Your neck is like a tower of ivory. Your eyes are pools in Heshbon At the Gate of Bath-Rabbim. Your nose is like the Tower of Lebanon, Which looks out towards Damascus. |
pools in ← pools of. |
| Song 7:6 Song 7:5AV |
רֹאשֵׁ֤ךְ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ כַּכַּרְמֶ֔ל וְדַלַּ֥ת רֹאשֵׁ֖ךְ כָּאַרְגָּמָ֑ן מֶ֖לֶךְ אָס֥וּר בָּרְהָטִֽים׃ |
Your head rests on you like Carmel, And the locks of your head are like purple material; The king is captivated by the shocks of hair. |
Carmel ← the Carmel. |
| Song 7:7 Song 7:6AV |
מַה־יָּפִית֙ וּמַה־נָּעַ֔מְתְּ אַהֲבָ֖ה בַּתַּֽעֲנוּגִֽים׃ |
How beautiful you are and how delightful you are, O love among the pleasures! |
|
| Song 7:8 Song 7:7AV |
זֹ֤את קֽוֹמָתֵךְ֙ דָּֽמְתָ֣ה לְתָמָ֔ר וְשָׁדַ֖יִךְ לְאַשְׁכֹּלֽוֹת׃ |
This stature of yours is like a date palm, And your breasts are like bunches of grapes. |
|
| Song 7:9 Song 7:8AV |
אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶעֱלֶ֣ה בְתָמָ֔ר אֹֽחֲזָ֖ה בְּסַנְסִנָּ֑יו וְיִֽהְיוּ־נָ֤א שָׁדַ֙יִךְ֙ כְּאֶשְׁכְּל֣וֹת הַגֶּ֔פֶן וְרֵ֥יחַ אַפֵּ֖ךְ כַּתַּפּוּחִֽים׃ |
I said, ‘I will go up to the date palm; I will take hold of its palm-branches.’ And now may your breasts become like bunches of grapes of the vine, And the smell of your nose like apples. |
|
| Song 7:10 Song 7:9AV |
וְחִכֵּ֕ךְ כְּיֵ֥ין הַטּ֛וֹב הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְדוֹדִ֖י לְמֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים׃ |
And your mouth is like good wine Going straight to my beloved, Flowing past the lips of the sleepy.” |
mouth ← palate. |
| Song 7:11 Song 7:10AV |
אֲנִ֣י לְדוֹדִ֔י וְעָלַ֖י תְּשׁוּקָתֽוֹ׃ ס |
“I am my lover's, And his desire is for me. |
The Shulamite refuses Solomon's advances. |
| Song 7:12 Song 7:11AV |
לְכָ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ נֵצֵ֣א הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה נָלִ֖ינָה בַּכְּפָרִֽים׃ |
Come, my lover, let us go out into the countryside; Let us lodge in the villages. |
|
| Song 7:13 Song 7:12AV |
נַשְׁכִּ֙ימָה֙ לַכְּרָמִ֔ים נִרְאֶ֞ה אִם פָּֽרְחָ֤ה הַגֶּ֙פֶן֙ פִּתַּ֣ח הַסְּמָדַ֔ר הֵנֵ֖צוּ הָרִמּוֹנִ֑ים שָׁ֛ם אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־דֹּדַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ |
Let us get up early to go to the vineyards; Let us see whether the vine is blossoming, Whether the vine blossom has opened, Whether the pomegranates have flourished. There I will give you my love. |
love ← loves. |
| Song 7:14 Song 7:13AV |
הַֽדּוּדָאִ֣ים נָֽתְנוּ־רֵ֗יחַ וְעַל־פְּתָחֵ֙ינוּ֙ כָּל־מְגָדִ֔ים חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם־יְשָׁנִ֑ים דּוֹדִ֖י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽךְ׃ |
The mandrakes give a fragrance, And at our gates are all kinds of exquisite fruit, Both new and old, my lover, Which I have stowed away for you. |
both new and old: the emphasis comes from the word גַּם, gam. |
| Song 8:1 | מִ֤י יִתֶּנְךָ֙ כְּאָ֣ח לִ֔י יוֹנֵ֖ק שְׁדֵ֣י אִמִּ֑י אֶֽמְצָאֲךָ֤ בַחוּץ֙ אֶשָׁ֣קְךָ֔ גַּ֖ם לֹא־יָב֥וּזוּ לִֽי׃ |
If only you were as my brother, Who sucked my mother's breasts. I would find you outdoors; I would kiss you, And I would not be despised. |
if only ← who will give?
I would not be despised ← they would not despise me. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Song 8:2 | אֶנְהָֽגֲךָ֗ אֲבִֽיאֲךָ֛ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אִמִּ֖י תְּלַמְּדֵ֑נִי אַשְׁקְךָ֙ מִיַּ֣יִן הָרֶ֔קַח מֵעֲסִ֖יס רִמֹּנִֽי׃ |
I would lead you And bring you to my mother's house. She would teach me. I would give you some spiced wine to drink Made from my pomegranate must. |
she: or you. |
| Song 8:3 | שְׂמֹאלוֹ֙ תַּ֣חַת רֹאשִׁ֔י וִֽימִינ֖וֹ תְּחַבְּקֵֽנִי׃ |
Let his left hand be under my head, And his right hand embrace me. |
|
| Song 8:4 | הִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּנ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם מַה־תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וּֽמַה־תְּעֹֽרְר֛וּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃ ס |
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, Why awaken or why arouse love Before it is willing?” |
before ← until, but in a negative context (here implicit) also before. |
| Song 8:5 | מִ֣י זֹ֗את עֹלָה֙ מִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר מִתְרַפֶּ֖קֶת עַל־דּוֹדָ֑הּ תַּ֤חַת הַתַּפּ֙וּחַ֙ עֽוֹרַרְתִּ֔יךָ שָׁ֚מָּה חִבְּלַ֣תְךָ אִמֶּ֔ךָ שָׁ֖מָּה חִבְּלָ֥ה יְלָדַֽתְךָ׃ |
“Who is this coming up from the desert, Leaning on her lover?” “I aroused you under the apple tree. Your mother bore you there. She who gave birth to you Bore you there. |
The shepherd's companions speak. Then the Shulamite answers.
bore (2x) ← was in labour pain. |
| Song 8:6 | שִׂימֵ֨נִי כַֽחוֹתָ֜ם עַל־לִבֶּ֗ךָ כַּֽחוֹתָם֙ עַל־זְרוֹעֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־עַזָּ֤ה כַמָּ֙וֶת֙ אַהֲבָ֔ה קָשָׁ֥ה כִשְׁא֖וֹל קִנְאָ֑ה רְשָׁפֶ֕יהָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ שַׁלְהֶ֥בֶתְיָֽה׃ |
Place me like a seal on your heart, Like a seal on your arm, For love is as strong as death And jealousy is as harsh as the grave; Its flames are fiery flames – An intense blaze. |
an intense blaze ← a blaze of the Lord, but written as one word; an idiom using Jah (the Lord), for an extreme quality. Compare Gen 23:6, Gen 30:8, Ex 9:28, Job 1:16, Jonah 3:3. In the NT similarly at Acts 7:20, 2 Cor 10:4, 2 Cor 11:2. |
| Song 8:7 | מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֗ים לֹ֤א יֽוּכְלוּ֙ לְכַבּ֣וֹת אֶת־הָֽאַהֲבָ֔ה וּנְהָר֖וֹת לֹ֣א יִשְׁטְפ֑וּהָ אִם־יִתֵּ֨ן אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־כָּל־ה֤וֹן בֵּיתוֹ֙ בָּאַהֲבָ֔ה בּ֖וֹז יָב֥וּזוּ לֽוֹ׃ ס |
Even much water cannot quench love, Nor can rivers wash it away. If a man were to give all the wealth of his household for love, It would be utterly contemptible of him.” |
Perhaps the shepherd lover speaks here.
it would be utterly contemptible of him ← they would despisingly despise him. Infinitive absolute. |
| Song 8:8 | אָח֥וֹת לָ֙נוּ֙ קְטַנָּ֔ה וְשָׁדַ֖יִם אֵ֣ין לָ֑הּ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לַאֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ בַּיּ֖וֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּֽהּ׃ |
“We have a little sister, Who does not yet have breasts. What should we do with our sister On the day when she is proposed to?” |
One of the Shulamite's brothers speaks. |
| Song 8:9 | אִם־חוֹמָ֣ה הִ֔יא נִבְנֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ טִ֣ירַת כָּ֑סֶף וְאִם־דֶּ֣לֶת הִ֔יא נָצ֥וּר עָלֶ֖יהָ ל֥וּחַ אָֽרֶז׃ |
“If she is a wall, We will build silver castellations on her. And if she is a door, We will enclose her with panels of cedar.” |
Another brother speaks.
wall: i.e. she keeps intruders out [CB]. door: i.e. she is accessible to anyone [CB]. |
| Song 8:10 | אֲנִ֣י חוֹמָ֔ה וְשָׁדַ֖י כַּמִּגְדָּל֑וֹת אָ֛ז הָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינָ֖יו כְּמוֹצְאֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם׃ פ |
“I am a wall, And my breasts are like towers. Then I was the one Who found peace in his sight. |
The Shulamite speaks. |
| Song 8:11 | כֶּ֣רֶם הָיָ֤ה לִשְׁלֹמֹה֙ בְּבַ֣עַל הָמ֔וֹן נָתַ֥ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֖רֶם לַנֹּטְרִ֑ים אִ֛ישׁ יָבִ֥א בְּפִרְי֖וֹ אֶ֥לֶף כָּֽסֶף׃ |
Solomon had a vineyard in Baal-Hamon. He let the vineyard out to tenants. Each one was to bring one thousand pieces of silver For his fruit. |
let the vineyard out to tenants ← gave the vineyard to the keepers.
his: or its. |
| Song 8:12 | כָּרְמִ֥י שֶׁלִּ֖י לְפָנָ֑י הָאֶ֤לֶף לְךָ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וּמָאתַ֖יִם לְנֹטְרִ֥ים אֶת־פִּרְיֽוֹ׃ |
My own vineyard is in front of me. You can have your thousand, Solomon, And you who keep its fruit, your two hundred.” |
|
| Song 8:13 | הַיוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת בַּגַּנִּ֗ים חֲבֵרִ֛ים מַקְשִׁיבִ֥ים לְקוֹלֵ֖ךְ הַשְׁמִיעִֽינִי׃ |
“You garden-dweller, My companions can hear your voice. Let me hear it too.” |
The shepherd lover speaks.
you garden-dweller: feminine singular. |
| Song 8:14 | בְּרַ֣ח ׀ דּוֹדִ֗י וּֽדְמֵה־לְךָ֤ לִצְבִי֙ א֚וֹ לְעֹ֣פֶר הָֽאַיָּלִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים׃ |
“Hasten, my lover, And be like a gazelle or a fawn of the deer On the mountains of balsam.” |
The Shulamite speaks.
hasten ← flee, bolt. |
| Ruth 1:1 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֧ית לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה לָגוּר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב ה֥וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass in the days when the judges were judging that there was a famine in the land, and a man went from Bethlehem-Judah to live in the plains of Moab – he and his wife and his two sons. |
there was a famine ← a famine came.
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19. |
| Ruth 1:2 | וְשֵׁ֣ם הָאִ֣ישׁ אֱֽלִימֶ֡לֶךְ וְשֵׁם֩ אִשְׁתּ֨וֹ נָעֳמִ֜י וְשֵׁ֥ם שְׁנֵֽי־בָנָ֣יו ׀ מַחְל֤וֹן וְכִלְיוֹן֙ אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ שְׂדֵי־מוֹאָ֖ב וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָֽׁם׃ | Now the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife was Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehem-Judah. And they came to the plains of Moab and stayed there. |
Bethlehem-Judah: see Gen 35:19.
stayed ← were. |
| Ruth 1:3 | וַיָּ֥מָת אֱלִימֶ֖לֶךְ אִ֣ישׁ נָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר הִ֖יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ׃ | Then Elimelech the husband of Naomi died, and she was left with her two sons. | with ← and. |
| Ruth 1:4 | וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ | And they took Moabitess wives. The name of one was Orpah, and the name of the other was Ruth, and they dwelt there for about ten years. |
took ← took for themselves.
other ← second. Ruth: Ruth was Mahlon's wife (Ruth 4:10). |
| Ruth 1:5 | וַיָּמ֥וּתוּ גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מַחְל֣וֹן וְכִלְי֑וֹן וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ׃ | Then both Mahlon and Chilion died too, and the woman was left bereaved of her two children and her husband. | both ← both of them. |
| Ruth 1:6 | וַתָּ֤קָם הִיא֙ וְכַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ וַתָּ֖שָׁב מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֤י שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב כִּֽי־פָקַ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ | So she got up, she and her daughters-in-law, and she returned from the plains of Moab, for she had heard in the plain of Moab that the Lord had visited his people by giving them bread. | by giving: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ruth 1:7 | וַתֵּצֵ֗א מִן־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיְתָה־שָׁ֔מָּה וּשְׁתֵּ֥י כַלֹּתֶ֖יהָ עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And she departed from the place where she had been, together with her two daughters-in-law, and they went on the way to return to the land of Judah. | with: and ... with her. |
| Ruth 1:8 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ *יעשה **יַ֣עַשׂ יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי׃ | Then Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go and return, each to your mother's house. May the Lord act kindly with you, as you have done with the dead and with me. |
may ... act: the qeré is an apocopated form of the ketiv, perhaps emphasizing the jussive force.
your ← her. Hebrew each takes the third person pronoun. |
| Ruth 1:9 | יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָכֶ֔ם וּמְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה אִשָּׁ֖ה בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑הּ וַתִּשַּׁ֣ק לָהֶ֔ן וַתִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖ן וַתִּבְכֶּֽינָה׃ | May the Lord grant that you find rest, each in your husband's house.” And she kissed them, and they raised their voice and wept. | your ← her. See Ruth 1:8. |
| Ruth 1:10 | וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה־לָּ֑הּ כִּי־אִתָּ֥ךְ נָשׁ֖וּב לְעַמֵּֽךְ׃ | But they said to her, “It is with you that we will return – to your people.” | it is with you that: this brings out the mildly adversative force of כִּי, ki. Alternatively, ki is simply ↴ |
| Ruth 1:11 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ שֹׁ֣בְנָה בְנֹתַ֔י לָ֥מָּה תֵלַ֖כְנָה עִמִּ֑י הַֽעֽוֹד־לִ֤י בָנִים֙ בְּֽמֵעַ֔י וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ | But Naomi said, “Go back, my daughters. Why should you go with me? Do I have any more sons in my womb, to be your husbands? | ↳ a marker of direct speech, like our inverted commas, with no translational import. |
| Ruth 1:12 | שֹׁ֤בְנָה בְנֹתַי֙ לֵ֔כְןָ כִּ֥י זָקַ֖נְתִּי מִהְי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ כִּ֤י אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וְגַ֖ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים׃ | Go back, my daughters, go, for I am too old for a husband to have me, for I have said, ‘Is there hope for me, even if a husband had me tonight, and even if I gave birth to sons, | |
| Ruth 1:13 | הֲלָהֵ֣ן ׀ תְּשַׂבֵּ֗רְנָה עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ אַ֣ל בְּנֹתַ֗י כִּֽי־מַר־לִ֤י מְאֹד֙ מִכֶּ֔ם כִּֽי־יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה׃ | would you wait for them until they grew up? Would you refrain from belonging to another husband for them?’ No, my daughters. For it is much more bitter for me than you, because the hand of the Lord has gone out against me.” | for them (2x): discordant in gender (but that is common in Hebrew), or alternatively it is Aramaic for therefore – see [Ges-HG] §103f note 4. Aramaic also in the ketiv of Ruth 3:3, Ruth 3:4, Ruth 4:5. |
| Ruth 1:14 | וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔ן וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה ע֑וֹד וַתִּשַּׁ֤ק עָרְפָּה֙ לַחֲמוֹתָ֔הּ וְר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽהּ׃ | And they raised their voice and wept again, and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ruth 1:15 | וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ שָׁ֣בָה יְבִמְתֵּ֔ךְ אֶל־עַמָּ֖הּ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֑יהָ שׁ֖וּבִי אַחֲרֵ֥י יְבִמְתֵּֽךְ׃ | Then she said, “Look, your sister-in-law has returned to her people, and to her gods. Go back after your sister-in-law.” | sister-in-law ← co-sister-in-law, i.e. husband's brother's wife, but modern English usage permits sister-in-law. |
| Ruth 1:16 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ לָשׁ֣וּב מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ כִּ֠י אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּלְכִ֜י אֵלֵ֗ךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ אָלִ֔ין עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | But Ruth said, “Do not press me into leaving you – into giving up following you – for wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you lodge, I will lodge. Your people are my people, and your God is my God. | |
| Ruth 1:17 | בַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֙וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת וְשָׁ֖ם אֶקָּבֵ֑ר כֹּה֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י הַמָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ׃ | Where you die, I will die, and that is where I will be buried. May the Lord so do to me and more still otherwise, for only death will separate you from me.” | may the Lord so do to me: asseveration using the oath formula of 2 Sam 19:14 (2 Sam 19:13AV), here only containing the apodosis of the condition. |
| Ruth 1:18 | וַתֵּ֕רֶא כִּֽי־מִתְאַמֶּ֥צֶת הִ֖יא לָלֶ֣כֶת אִתָּ֑הּ וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ | And she saw that she had resolved to go with her, and she stopped speaking to her. | |
| Ruth 1:19 | וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם עַד־בֹּאָ֖נָה בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיְהִ֗י כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַתֵּהֹ֤ם כָּל־הָעִיר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה הֲזֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי׃ | And the two of them journeyed until they had come to Bethlehem, and it came to pass when they came to Bethlehem that the whole city went into commotion over them, and they said, “Is this Naomi?” | Bethlehem (2x): see Gen 35:19. |
| Ruth 1:20 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י קְרֶ֤אןָ לִי֙ מָרָ֔א כִּי־הֵמַ֥ר שַׁדַּ֛י לִ֖י מְאֹֽד׃ | But she said to them, “Do not call me Naomi. Call me Mara, for the Almighty has dealt with me very bitterly. | |
| Ruth 1:21 | אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְרֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה לָ֣מָּה תִקְרֶ֤אנָה לִי֙ נָעֳמִ֔י וַֽיהוָה֙ עָ֣נָה בִ֔י וְשַׁדַּ֖י הֵ֥רַֽע לִֽי׃ | I went away full, but the Lord has brought me back empty. Why should you call me Naomi when the Lord has testified against me, and the Almighty has brought harm on me.” | has testified against me: the qal pointing (rather than piel), and the preposition בְּ militate against translating has afflicted me. |
| Ruth 1:22 | וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָהּ֙ עִמָּ֔הּ הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ | Then Naomi returned, Ruth the Moabitess her daughter-in-law being with her, having returned from the plains of Moab, and they arrived in Bethlehem at the start of the barley harvest. | Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Ruth 2:1 | וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י *מידע **מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃ | Now Naomi had a kinsman through her husband, a man mighty in wealth, of Elimelech's family, and his name was Boaz. |
kinsman: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
through ← of. |
| Ruth 2:2 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ ר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֗י אֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֤א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ לְכִ֥י בִתִּֽי׃ | And Ruth the Moabitess said to Naomi, “Let me go into the field and glean ears of corn after him in whoever's eyes I find grace.” And she said to her, “Go, my daughter.” | |
| Ruth 2:3 | וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ וַתָּבוֹא֙ וַתְּלַקֵּ֣ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֖י הַקֹּצְרִ֑ים וַיִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔הָ חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ לְבֹ֔עַז אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ׃ | So she departed and came there and gleaned in the field after the reapers. And her venture happened to be in a part of the field belonging to Boaz, of the family of Elimelech. | the field: this can be a large swathe of countryside. Alternatively a field; see Ruth 3:14 and Gen 22:9 for how a definite article in Hebrew may require an indefinite article in English. |
| Ruth 2:4 | וְהִנֵּה־בֹ֗עַז בָּ֚א מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים יְהוָ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָֽה׃ | And what should happen but Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the reapers, “The Lord be with you.” And they said to him, “The Lord bless you.” |
and what should happen but ← behold.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Ruth 2:5 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֹּ֙עַז֙ לְנַעֲר֔וֹ הַנִּצָּ֖ב עַל־הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים לְמִ֖י הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | Then Boaz said to his servant who was in charge of the reapers, “To whom does this young woman belong?” | |
| Ruth 2:6 | וַיַּ֗עַן הַנַּ֛עַר הַנִּצָּ֥ב עַל־הַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נַעֲרָ֤ה מֽוֹאֲבִיָּה֙ הִ֔יא הַשָּׁ֥בָה עִֽם־נָעֳמִ֖י מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה מוֹאָֽב׃ | And the servant in charge of the reapers replied and said, “She is a Moabitess, who came back with Naomi from the plain of Moab. | |
| Ruth 2:7 | וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים וַתָּב֣וֹא וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד מֵאָ֤ז הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה זֶ֛ה שִׁבְתָּ֥הּ הַבַּ֖יִת מְעָֽט׃ | And she said, ‘Let me glean and gather among the sheaves after the reapers’, and she came and has continued doing it from the morning until now. That leaves little rest for her at home.” | that leaves little rest ← whereby her sitting (at) home (is) little. AV differs somewhat (that she tarried a little). |
| Ruth 2:8 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶל־ר֜וּת הֲל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗י אַל־תֵּלְכִי֙ לִלְקֹט֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה אַחֵ֔ר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א תַעֲבוּרִ֖י מִזֶּ֑ה וְכֹ֥ה תִדְבָּקִ֖ין עִם־נַעֲרֹתָֽי׃ | Then Boaz said to Ruth, “Did you not hear, my daughter? Do not go to glean in any other field, and do not move across from here, and in this way you will stay attached to my maidservants. | you will stay attached: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ruth 2:9 | עֵינַ֜יִךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְצֹרוּן֙ וְהָלַ֣כְתִּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן הֲל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים לְבִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑ךְ וְצָמִ֗ת וְהָלַכְתְּ֙ אֶל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְשָׁתִ֕ית מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּן הַנְּעָרִֽים׃ | Your eyes will be on the field that they are reaping, and you will follow the maidservants. Have I not ordered my menservants not to touch you? If you are thirsty, go to the pots and drink from what the servants draw.” |
the maidservants ← them, in a feminine form.
if: conditional use of the vav. |
| Ruth 2:10 | וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו מַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ לְהַכִּירֵ֔נִי וְאָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ | Then she fell face down and bowed to the ground and said to him, “Why have I found grace in your eyes, in that you have been concerned about me, when I am a foreigner?” | face down ← on her face. |
| Ruth 2:11 | וַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֙עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗י כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י אָּבִ֣יךְ וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ | Then Boaz answered and said to her, “It has been told me in full – everything you have done with your mother-in-law after the death of your husband, and how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth and went to a people which you did not know in times past. |
it has been told me in full: a rare hophal infinitive absolute.
in times past ← yesterday (and) the day before yesterday. |
| Ruth 2:12 | יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה פָּעֳלֵ֑ךְ וּתְהִ֨י מַשְׂכֻּרְתֵּ֜ךְ שְׁלֵמָ֗ה מֵעִ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖את לַחֲס֥וֹת תַּֽחַת־כְּנָפָֽיו׃ | May the Lord reward your work, and may your recompense from the Lord God of Israel be in full, under whose wings you have come to trust.” | |
| Ruth 2:13 | וַ֠תֹּאמֶר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֨ן בְּעֵינֶ֤יךָ אֲדֹנִי֙ כִּ֣י נִֽחַמְתָּ֔נִי וְכִ֥י דִבַּ֖רְתָּ עַל־לֵ֣ב שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ וְאָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּאַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | And she said, “Let me find grace in your eyes, my lord, for you have shown compassion on me, and because you have spoken kindly to your maidservant, while I am not like any of your maidservants.” | kindly ← to or at the heart. |
| Ruth 2:14 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לָ֨ה בֹ֜עַז לְעֵ֣ת הָאֹ֗כֶל גֹּ֤שִֽׁי הֲלֹם֙ וְאָכַ֣לְתְּ מִן־הַלֶּ֔חֶם וְטָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖ךְ בַּחֹ֑מֶץ וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ מִצַּ֣ד הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֔ים וַיִּצְבָּט־לָ֣הּ קָלִ֔י וַתֹּ֥אכַל וַתִּשְׂבַּ֖ע וַתֹּתַֽר׃ | Then Boaz said to her at the time of the meal, “Come here, and you can eat some bread and dip your piece in the vinegar.” So she sat beside the reapers, and he handed her roasted corn, and she ate and was satisfied and had some left over. | Our direct speech covers less of the verse than the AV. The MT punctuation supports our stance (geresh, a weak disjunctive, on Boaz). So AV differs. |
| Ruth 2:15 | וַתָּ֖קָם לְלַקֵּ֑ט וַיְצַו֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ין הָֽעֳמָרִ֛ים תְּלַקֵּ֖ט וְלֹ֥א תַכְלִימֽוּהָ׃ | Then she got up to go gleaning, and Boaz instructed his servants and said, “Let her glean between the sheaves too, and do not treat her ignominiously. | |
| Ruth 2:16 | וְגַ֛ם שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖הּ מִן־הַצְּבָתִ֑ים וַעֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם וְלִקְּטָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־בָֽהּ׃ | And deliberately spill some from the sheaves for her too, and leave it so she can glean it, and do not rebuke her.” |
deliberately spill: infinitive absolute.
sheaves: not the same word as in Ruth 2:15. Perhaps handfuls. |
| Ruth 2:17 | וַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֔טָה וַיְהִ֖י כְּאֵיפָ֥ה שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ | So she gleaned in the field until the evening, and she threshed what she had gleaned, and it amounted to about an ephah of barley. |
amounted to ← was.
ephah: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Ruth 2:18 | וַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַתֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־לִקֵּ֑טָה וַתּוֹצֵא֙ וַתִּתֶּן־לָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹתִ֖רָה מִשָּׂבְעָֽהּ׃ | And she took it and came to the city, and her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned, and she emptied it out, and she gave her what she had left over after taking what was enough for her. | emptied it out ← brought (it) out. |
| Ruth 2:19 | וַתֹּאמֶר֩ לָ֨הּ חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית יְהִ֥י מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ בָּר֑וּךְ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֧יתִי עִמּ֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם בֹּֽעַז׃ | And her mother-in-law said to her, “Where did you glean today, and where did you work? May he who is showing concern for you be blessed.” And she told her mother-in-law with whom she had worked, and she said, “The name of the man with whom I worked today is Boaz.” | work ... worked ← do / make ... done / made. |
| Ruth 2:20 | וַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא׃ | Then Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, “May he be blessed by the Lord, who has not abandoned his kindness to the living and the dead.” And Naomi said to her, “The man is a near relative of ours. He is one of our kinsman redeemers.” | |
| Ruth 2:21 | וַתֹּ֖אמֶר ר֣וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֑ה גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין עַ֣ד אִם־כִּלּ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקָּצִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי׃ | And Ruth the Moabitess said, “He also said to me, ‘You must stay attached to my servants until they have finished the whole of my harvest.’ ” | |
| Ruth 2:22 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר נָעֳמִ֖י אֶל־ר֣וּת כַּלָּתָ֑הּ ט֣וֹב בִּתִּ֗י כִּ֤י תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם־נַ֣עֲרוֹתָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ בְּשָׂדֶ֥ה אַחֵֽר׃ | Then Naomi said to Ruth her daughter-in-law, “It is a good thing, my daughter, that you go out with his maidservants, so that no-one will molest you in another field.” | |
| Ruth 2:23 | וַתִּדְבַּ֞ק בְּנַעֲר֥וֹת בֹּ֙עַז֙ לְלַקֵּ֔ט עַד־כְּל֥וֹת קְצִֽיר־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים וּקְצִ֣יר הַֽחִטִּ֑ים וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃ | So she stayed attached to Boaz's maidservants to glean until the end of the barley harvest, and the end of the wheat harvest, and she stayed with her mother-in law. | |
| Ruth 3:1 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ נָעֳמִ֣י חֲמוֹתָ֑הּ בִּתִּ֞י הֲלֹ֧א אֲבַקֶּשׁ־לָ֛ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽיטַב־לָֽךְ׃ | Then Naomi her mother-in-law said to her, “My daughter, will I not seek rest for you, so that it will go well for you? | |
| Ruth 3:2 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲלֹ֥א בֹ֙עַז֙ מֹֽדַעְתָּ֔נוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיִ֖ית אֶת־נַעֲרוֹתָ֑יו הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא זֹרֶ֛ה אֶת־גֹּ֥רֶן הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ | Well now, is not Boaz, with whose maidservants you were, our relation? Look, he will be winnowing the barley in the threshing floor tonight. | in ← with, by, or perhaps an accusative marker, with the object, threshing floor, standing for what is threshed. |
| Ruth 3:3 | וְרָחַ֣צְתְּ ׀ וָסַ֗כְתְּ וְשַׂ֧מְתְּ *שמלתך **שִׂמְלֹתַ֛יִךְ עָלַ֖יִךְ *וירדתי **וְיָרַ֣דְתְּ הַגֹּ֑רֶן אַל־תִּוָּדְעִ֣י לָאִ֔ישׁ עַ֥ד כַּלֹּת֖וֹ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃ | Now wash and anoint yourself and put your dress on and go down to the threshing floor. Do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking. |
dress: the qeré has a plural or dual (שִׂמְלָתַיִךְ) form whereas the ketiv is singular, perhaps indicating a two-piece or one-piece garment respectively.
go down: the ketiv is an Aramaic form. Compare Ruth 1:13. |
| Ruth 3:4 | וִיהִ֣י בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ אֶת־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁכַּב־שָׁ֔ם וּבָ֛את וְגִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו *ושכבתי **וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂין׃ | And it will come to pass when he lies down that you must note the place where he lies, then go in and uncover his feet-end and lie down, and he will tell you what you must do.” |
lie down: the ketiv is an Aramaic form. Compare Ruth 1:13.
note ← know. you must do: in an Aramaic form. |
| Ruth 3:5 | וַתֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלֶ֑יהָ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמְרִ֥י **אֵלַ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶֽׂה׃ | And she said to her, “I will do everything you say {K: - } [Q: to me].” | |
| Ruth 3:6 | וַתֵּ֖רֶד הַגֹּ֑רֶן וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃ | And she went down to the threshing floor, and she acted according to everything her mother-in-law had instructed her. | |
| Ruth 3:7 | וַיֹּ֨אכַל בֹּ֤עַז וַיֵּשְׁתְּ֙ וַיִּיטַ֣ב לִבּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֕א לִשְׁכַּ֖ב בִּקְצֵ֣ה הָעֲרֵמָ֑ה וַתָּבֹ֣א בַלָּ֔ט וַתְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו וַתִּשְׁכָּֽב׃ | So Boaz ate and drank, and his heart was merry, and he went to lie down at the end of the heap. Then she came secretly and uncovered his feet-end and lay down. | |
| Ruth 3:8 | וַיְהִי֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד הָאִ֖ישׁ וַיִּלָּפֵ֑ת וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֖בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass at midnight that the man had a shock and turned round, and what he saw was that a woman was lying at his feet-end. | what he saw was that ← behold. |
| Ruth 3:9 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אָ֑תּ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ ר֣וּת אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ כִּ֥י גֹאֵ֖ל אָֽתָּה׃ | And he said, “Who are you?” And she said, “I am Ruth your maidservant, so spread your wings over your maidservant, for you are a kinsman redeemer.” | |
| Ruth 3:10 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרוּכָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּתִּ֔י הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵי֙ הַבַּ֣חוּרִ֔ים אִם־דַּ֖ל וְאִם־עָשִֽׁיר׃ | Then he said, “May you be blessed by the Lord, my daughter. You have shown even more kindness of late than in the beginning, in not going after the young lads, whether poor or rich. | in not going: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ruth 3:11 | וְעַתָּ֗ה בִּתִּי֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמְרִ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ כָּל־שַׁ֣עַר עַמִּ֔י כִּ֛י אֵ֥שֶׁת חַ֖יִל אָֽתְּ׃ | So now, my daughter, do not be afraid. Everything you say, I will do for you, because every gate of my people knows that you are a virtuous woman. | gate: i.e. the place where people congregate. |
| Ruth 3:12 | וְעַתָּה֙ כִּ֣י אָמְנָ֔ם כִּ֥י *אם גֹאֵ֖ל אָנֹ֑כִי וְגַ֛ם יֵ֥שׁ גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | And now although it is true that {K: indeed} [Q: - ] I am a kinsman redeemer, yet there is a kinsman redeemer nearer than me. | than me: or, if the reader prefers, than I. |
| Ruth 3:13 | לִ֣ינִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהָיָ֤ה בַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥ךְ טוֹב֙ יִגְאָ֔ל וְאִם־לֹ֨א יַחְפֹּ֧ץ לְגָֽאֳלֵ֛ךְ וּגְאַלְתִּ֥יךְ אָנֹ֖כִי חַי־יְהוָ֑ה שִׁכְבִ֖י עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | Lodge tonight, and it will follow in the morning, if he will redeem you, all right, let him redeem. But if he does not wish to redeem you, then I will redeem you, as the Lord lives. Lie down until the morning.” | follow ← come to pass, be. |
| Ruth 3:14 | וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב *מרגלתו **מַרְגְּלוֹתָיוֹ֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַתָּ֕קָם *בטרום **בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַל־יִוָּדַ֔ע כִּי־בָ֥אָה הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַגֹּֽרֶן׃ | So she lay down at his feet-end until the morning, then she got up before anyone would recognize his neighbour, and he said, “Let it not be known that a woman came into the threshing floor.” |
feet-end: the ketiv is, strictly speaking, foot-end.
before: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. a woman ← the woman. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9 and Ruth 2:3. |
| Ruth 3:15 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הָ֠בִי הַמִּטְפַּ֧חַת אֲשֶׁר־עָלַ֛יִךְ וְאֶֽחֳזִי־בָ֖הּ וַתֹּ֣אחֶז בָּ֑הּ וַיָּ֤מָד שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ וַיָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיָּבֹ֖א הָעִֽיר׃ | And he said, “Take the gown which is on you and hold it out.” So she held it out, and he measured out six measures of barley, and he put it in it, then he went to the city. |
take ← give; set.
in it: i.e. in the gown. AV differs (on her). he went: AV differs (she went), not supported by the Hebrew. |
| Ruth 3:16 | וַתָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־חֲמוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אַ֣תְּ בִּתִּ֑י וַתַּ֨גֶּד־לָ֔הּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־לָ֖הּ הָאִֽישׁ׃ | And she went to her mother-in-law, and she said, “Who are you, my daughter?” So she told her everything the man had done for her. | We take the question literally; compare Ruth 3:9. Alternatively, there is an underlying elaboration, Who are you (in terms of marital prospects)? |
| Ruth 3:17 | וַתֹּ֕אמֶר שֵׁשׁ־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה נָ֣תַן לִ֑י כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר **אֵלַ֔י אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם אֶל־חֲמוֹתֵֽךְ׃ | And she said, “He gave me these six measures of barley, for he said {K: - } [Q: to me], ‘Do not go to your mother-in-law empty-handed.’ ” | |
| Ruth 3:18 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔י עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽדְעִ֔ין אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַיּֽוֹם׃ | Then she said, “Stay, my daughter, until you know how the matter turns out, for the man will not rest unless he concludes the matter today.” | |
| Ruth 4:1 | וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃ | Then Boaz went up to the gate and sat there, and what should happen but the kinsman redeemer of whom Boaz had spoken passed by. And Boaz said, “Turn aside and sit down here, my good sir.” And he turned aside and sat down. |
and what should happen but ← behold.
my good sir: an expression is used which avoids naming the person. Perhaps the expression itself is not in the literal direct speech, but rather replaces the actual ↴ |
| Ruth 4:2 | וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃ | And he took ten men from the elders of the city and said, “Sit down here.” And they sat down. | ↳ direct speech which did name the man. Compare Ezra 4:11. |
| Ruth 4:3 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַגֹּאֵ֔ל חֶלְקַת֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאָחִ֖ינוּ לֶאֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ מָכְרָ֣ה נָעֳמִ֔י הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה מוֹאָֽב׃ | And he said to the kinsman redeemer, “Naomi, who has come back from the plain of Moab, is selling the parcel of land which belonged to our brother, Elimelech. | |
| Ruth 4:4 | וַאֲנִ֨י אָמַ֜רְתִּי אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְ֠נֵה נֶ֥גֶד הַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮ וְנֶ֣גֶד זִקְנֵ֣י עַמִּי֒ אִם־תִּגְאַל֙ גְּאָ֔ל וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִגְאַ֜ל הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֗י *ואדע **וְאֵֽדְעָה֙ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹכִ֥י אֶגְאָֽל׃ | And I hereby declare, I notify you as follows: you can buy it in the presence of the inhabitants and in the presence of the elders of my people. If you will redeem it, redeem it. But if you will not redeem it, tell me, so that I know, for there is no-one except you first in line to redeem it, and I am after you.” And he said, “I will redeem it.” |
I know: the qeré is nominally cohortative, but it acts simply as a mood for a purposive subordinate clause here.
I notify you as follows ← I will uncover your ear to say. but if you ← but if he. Change of grammatical person; compare Lev 1:3, Num 15:9. |
| Ruth 4:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בֹּ֔עַז בְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ֥ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה מִיַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י וּ֠מֵאֵת ר֣וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת֙ *קניתי **קָנִ֔יתָה לְהָקִ֥ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֖ת עַל־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | Then Boaz said, “On the day you purchase the field from Naomi, and from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, you also buy to raise up the name of the deceased in his inheritance.” |
you ... buy: the ketiv is an Aramaic form. Compare Ruth 1:13.
from Naomi ... from Ruth ← from the hand of Naomi ... from with Ruth. AV differs in word association (thou must buy it also of Ruth the Moabitess). |
| Ruth 4:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ *לגאול־**לִגְאָל־לִ֔י פֶּן־אַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י גְּאַל־לְךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔י כִּ֥י לֹא־אוּכַ֖ל לִגְאֹֽל׃ | At this the kinsman redeemer said, “I cannot take this redemption on myself lest I spoil my own inheritance. You redeem my inheritance, for I cannot redeem it.” | take ... redemption: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. |
| Ruth 4:7 | וְזֹאת֩ לְפָנִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙ לְקַיֵּ֣ם כָּל־דָּבָ֔ר שָׁלַ֥ף אִ֛ישׁ נַעֲל֖וֹ וְנָתַ֣ן לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְזֹ֥את הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Now this was the custom in early times in Israel concerning redemption and concerning exchange, so as to establish every transaction: a man would take off his shoe and give it to his contracting counterpart, and this was a testimony in Israel. |
take off his shoe: see Deut 25:9.
contracting counterpart ← friend; neighbour. |
| Ruth 4:8 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֛ל לְבֹ֖עַז קְנֵה־לָ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁלֹ֖ף נַעֲלֽוֹ׃ | And the kinsman redeemer said to Boaz, “You buy it.” And he took off his shoe. |
buy ← buy for yourself.
he took off his shoe: by analogy with Deut 25:9-10, Boaz took the kinsman ↴ |
| Ruth 4:9 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֤י קָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי׃ | And Boaz said to the elders and all the people, “You are witnesses today that I have purchased everything that was Elimelech's and everything that was Chilion's, and Mahlon's, from Naomi. |
↳ redeemer's shoe off. But here, apparently, the kinsman redeemer takes his shoe off, because he gives it to Boaz.
from Naomi ← from the hand of Naomi. |
| Ruth 4:10 | וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֜וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And I have also purchased Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, to be my wife, to raise up the name of the deceased on his inheritance, so that the name of the deceased is not cut off from being with his brothers, or from the gate of his place. You are witnesses today.” | |
| Ruth 4:11 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | And all the people who were at the gate and the elders said, “We are witnesses. May the Lord grant the woman who has come to your household to be like Rachel and Leah, the two who built up the house of Israel. And you act virtuously in Ephrathah, and proclaim fame in Bethlehem. |
Ephrathah: AV= Ephratah, but elsewhere mostly Ephrath, Ephrathite.
proclaim fame: AV differs (be famous), possible, but we take it as the Lord's fame, as in Ruth 4:14. Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Ruth 4:12 | וִיהִ֤י בֵֽיתְךָ֙ כְּבֵ֣ית פֶּ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה מִן־הַזֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ מִן־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And may your house be like the house of Perez whom Tamar bore to Judah, from the seed which the Lord will give you, the house being built from this young woman.” | Perez: see Gen 38:29. |
| Ruth 4:13 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָ֛הּ הֵרָי֖וֹן וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּֽן׃ | Then Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife, and he went in to her, and the Lord gave her conception, and she bore a son. | |
| Ruth 4:14 | וַתֹּאמַ֤רְנָה הַנָּשִׁים֙ אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֔י בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֖ל הַיּ֑וֹם וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the women said to Naomi, “Blessed be the Lord, who has not deprived you of a kinsman redeemer today, so that his fame may be proclaimed in Israel. | his fame: we take this as the Lord's fame. AV differs (his not capitalized). |
| Ruth 4:15 | וְהָ֤יָה לָךְ֙ לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ וּלְכַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י כַלָּתֵ֤ךְ אֲֽשֶׁר־אֲהֵבַ֙תֶךְ֙ יְלָדַ֔תּוּ אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃ | And he will be a restorer of your well-being, and one who sustains you in your old age, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is better for you than seven sons, has borne him.” | well-being ← soul. |
| Ruth 4:16 | וַתִּקַּ֨ח נָעֳמִ֤י אֶת־הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ וַתְּשִׁתֵ֣הוּ בְחֵיקָ֔הּ וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאֹמֶֽנֶת׃ | And Naomi took the child and placed him in her bosom, and she became a nurse to him. | |
| Ruth 4:17 | וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ ל֨וֹ הַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹת שֵׁם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ן לְנָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽה שְׁמוֹ֙ עוֹבֵ֔ד ה֥וּא אֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖י אֲבִ֥י דָוִֽד׃ פ | And the neighbouring women proclaimed his fame and said, “A son has been born to Naomi.” And they called him Obed. He was the father of Jesse, the father of David. |
Acts 13:22.
son: standing for nephew-in-law, via her brother-in-law Boaz, but by the system of raising up seed to the deceased, Obed counts as Elimelech's son, so also Naomi's son. Jesse ← Jishai, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Ruth 4:18 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְד֣וֹת פָּ֔רֶץ פֶּ֖רֶץ הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־חֶצְרֽוֹן׃ | This is the genealogy of Perez: Perez begot Hezron, |
|| Gen 46:12, 1 Chr 2:5.
Perez (2x): see Gen 38:29. |
| Ruth 4:19 | וְחֶצְרוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־רָ֔ם וְרָ֖ם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃ | and Hezron begot Ram, and Ram begot Amminadab, | || 1 Chr 2:9, 1 Chr 2:10. |
| Ruth 4:20 | וְעַמִּֽינָדָב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־נַחְשׁ֔וֹן וְנַחְשׁ֖וֹן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׂלְמָֽה׃ | and Amminadab begot Nahshon, and Nahshon begot Salmon, |
|| 1 Chr 2:10, 1 Chr 2:11.
Salmon ← Salmah here, but we, as AV, align it with the next verse. |
| Ruth 4:21 | וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בֹּ֔עַז וּבֹ֖עַז הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עוֹבֵֽד׃ | and Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed, | || 1 Chr 2:11, 1 Chr 2:12. |
| Ruth 4:22 | וְעֹבֵד֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יִשָׁ֔י וְיִשַׁ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃ | and Obed begot Jesse, and Jesse begot David. |
|| 1 Sam 16:11, 1 Sam 16:12, 1 Sam 16:13, 1 Chr 2:12, 1 Chr 2:15.
Jesse (2x): see Ruth 4:17. |
| Lam 1:1 | אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַּבָּ֣תִי בַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ ס |
How the city which was so populous Remains alone and has become like a widow! She who was great among the nations – A princess among the states – Has become tribute-paying. |
The chapters are acrostics of the Hebrew alphabet, with irregularities. This verse is starts with an aleph.
populous ← numerous of people. |
| Lam 1:2 | בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ ס |
She weeps and weeps at night, And her tears are on her cheeks. She has no-one comforting her among all her lovers. All her friends have betrayed her; They have become her enemies. |
weeps and weeps: infinitive absolute.
tears ... cheeks ← tear ... cheek. |
| Lam 1:3 | גָּֽלְתָ֨ה יְהוּדָ֤ה מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ וּמֵרֹ֣ב עֲבֹדָ֔ה הִ֚יא יָשְׁבָ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א מָצְאָ֖ה מָנ֑וֹחַ כָּל־רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ין הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ ס |
Judah has gone into exile In affliction and in severe enslavement. She dwells among the Gentiles; She has not found rest. All those who pursue her have caught up with her, Putting her in straits. |
in affliction ... in severe enslavement ← from affliction ... from much enslavement.
in straits ← between straits. |
| Lam 1:4 | דַּרְכֵ֨י צִיּ֜וֹן אֲבֵל֗וֹת מִבְּלִי֙ בָּאֵ֣י מוֹעֵ֔ד כָּל־שְׁעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ין כֹּהֲנֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱנָחִ֑ים בְּתוּלֹתֶ֥יהָ נּוּג֖וֹת וְהִ֥יא מַר־לָֽהּ׃ ס |
The roads of Zion mourn For want of any coming to the festival. All her gates are desolate, Her priests sigh, Her virgins grieve – And it is bitter to her. |
desolate: in an Aramaic form. |
| Lam 1:5 | הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ ס |
Her adversaries have become the head; Her enemies prosper, For the Lord has afflicted her Because of the large number of her transgressions. Her young children have gone into captivity In front of the adversary. |
head: head and tail stand for holding power and being ruled over. Compare Deut 28:13. |
| Lam 1:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א *מן־*בת־**מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ ס |
And all her splendour has departed from the daughter of Zion, And her princes, who were like deer, Did not find pasture, And they went powerlessly in front of the pursuer. |
from: the ketiv and qeré are the separable and inseparable forms of the preposition respectively. |
| Lam 1:7 | זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ ס |
Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and her wanderings All her valuable objects Which she had in the old days, When her people fell into the hand of the adversary, And there was no-one to help her. The adversaries saw her And mocked her demise. |
demise: AV differs (sabbaths), which is possible from the consonantal text, as her sabbath, but not MT pointing.
valuable ← desirable. |
| Lam 1:8 | חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ ס |
Jerusalem has committed a sin, Which is why she has become displaced. All those who honoured her disparage her, For they have seen her nakedness, As she herself sighs and turns back. |
committed ← sinned.
displaced ← (from root נוד) wandering, or, with [BDB] (from root נדד) menstrually unclean, where the dagesh forte is resolved in the yod [AnLx]. disparage: in an Aramaic form. |
| Lam 1:9 | טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס |
Her uncleanness is in her skirts; She is not mindful of her final state, And she has plummeted astonishingly. There is no-one comforting her. O Lord, look at my affliction, For the enemy has become powerful. |
skirts ← hems (of skirts).
plummeted ← descended, but emphasized by the word astonishingly. |
| Lam 1:10 | יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ ס |
The adversary has spread his hand over all her valuable objects, For she has seen how the Gentiles have entered her sanctuary, Whereas you commanded That they should not come into your convocation. |
valuable ← desirable. |
| Lam 1:11 | כָּל־עַמָּ֤הּ נֶאֱנָחִים֙ מְבַקְּשִׁ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם נָתְנ֧וּ *מחמודיהם **מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶ֛ם בְּאֹ֖כֶל לְהָשִׁ֣יב נָ֑פֶשׁ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה כִּ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי זוֹלֵלָֽה׃ ס |
All her people sigh and seek bread. They have given their desirable objects in exchange for food To refresh themselves. O Lord, look and see, For I have become contemptible. |
their desirable objects: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
themselves ← the soul. |
| Lam 1:12 | ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֗וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס |
Is it not of concern to you, All you who pass by the way? Look and see if there is any grief like my grief Which has been dealt out to me, Because the Lord has afflicted me On the day of his furious anger. |
furious anger ← the fury of his anger, a Hebraic genitive, here translated with the nomen regens as the adjective, so as a reverse Hebraic genitive. |
| Lam 1:13 | מִמָּר֛וֹם שָֽׁלַח־אֵ֥שׁ בְּעַצְמֹתַ֖י וַיִּרְדֶּ֑נָּה פָּרַ֨שׂ רֶ֤שֶׁת לְרַגְלַי֙ הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי אָח֔וֹר נְתָנַ֙נִי֙ שֹֽׁמֵמָ֔ה כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם דָּוָֽה׃ ס |
He has sent fire into my bones from above, And it has subdued them. He has spread a net for my feet, He has turned me back; He has made me desolate, And ailing all day long. |
them ← it. |
| Lam 1:14 | נִשְׂקַד֩ עֹ֨ל פְּשָׁעַ֜י בְּיָד֗וֹ יִשְׂתָּֽרְג֛וּ עָל֥וּ עַל־צַוָּארִ֖י הִכְשִׁ֣יל כֹּחִ֑י נְתָנַ֣נִי אֲדֹנָ֔י בִּידֵ֖י לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל קֽוּם׃ ס |
The yoke of my transgressions has been fastened by his hand. They are intertwined, They have come on my neck; He has made my strength falter. The Lord* has delivered me into the hands Of those from whom I cannot get up. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 1:15 | סִלָּ֨ה כָל־אַבִּירַ֤י ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י קָרָ֥א עָלַ֛י מוֹעֵ֖ד לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר בַּחוּרָ֑י גַּ֚ת דָּרַ֣ךְ אֲדֹנָ֔י לִבְתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ ס |
The Lord* has removed all my valiant men within my confines. He has called an assembly against me To crush my youths. The Lord* has trodden the wine press, Which is the virgin daughter of Judah. |
Lord* (2x): a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
removed ← raised, but also carried away. within my confines ← in my midst. which is: לְ acting as a relative; compare 1 Chr 5:26. |
| Lam 1:16 | עַל־אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ אֲנִ֣י בוֹכִיָּ֗ה עֵינִ֤י ׀ עֵינִי֙ יֹ֣רְדָה מַּ֔יִם כִּֽי־רָחַ֥ק מִמֶּ֛נִּי מְנַחֵ֖ם מֵשִׁ֣יב נַפְשִׁ֑י הָי֤וּ בָנַי֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ים כִּ֥י גָבַ֖ר אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס |
Over these things I weep. My eye, my eye is running with water, For the comforter is far from me, Who would refresh my being. My sons have become devastated, For the enemy has prevailed. |
running ← descending.
being ← soul. |
| Lam 1:17 | פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס |
Zion has spread out her hands; She has no comforter. The Lord has commanded concerning Jacob, “Let his adversaries be round about him”, And Jerusalem has become an unclean woman among them. |
her hands ← in / with her hands.
unclean woman: unlike Lam 1:8, the dagesh forte is present, which necessitates the sense of uncleanness. |
| Lam 1:18 | צַדִּ֥יק ה֛וּא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י פִ֣יהוּ מָרִ֑יתִי שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א כָל־*עמים **הָֽעַמִּ֗ים וּרְאוּ֙ מַכְאֹבִ֔י בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י הָלְכ֥וּ בַשֶּֽׁבִי׃ ס |
The Lord is righteous, For I have rebelled against his word. Hear now, all you nations, And look at my grief – My virgins and my young men have gone into captivity. |
you nations: the qeré adds the definite article, which acts as a vocative.
word ← mouth. |
| Lam 1:19 | קָרָ֤אתִי לַֽמְאַהֲבַי֙ הֵ֣מָּה רִמּ֔וּנִי כֹּהֲנַ֥י וּזְקֵנַ֖י בָּעִ֣יר גָּוָ֑עוּ כִּֽי־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֹ֙כֶל֙ לָ֔מוֹ וְיָשִׁ֖יבוּ אֶת־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ ס |
I called on my lovers, But they have been treacherous to me. My priests and my elders in the city expired When they sought food for themselves To revive themselves. |
revive themselves ← restore their soul. |
| Lam 1:20 | רְאֵ֨ה יְהוָ֤ה כִּֽי־צַר־לִי֙ מֵעַ֣י חֳמַרְמָ֔רוּ נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ לִבִּי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י כִּ֥י מָר֖וֹ מָרִ֑יתִי מִח֥וּץ שִׁכְּלָה־חֶ֖רֶב בַּבַּ֥יִת כַּמָּֽוֶת׃ ס |
O Lord, see how I am in straits. My innards are turbulent; My heart is overturned inside me, For I have rebelled badly. Outside the sword has bereaved me; Inside it is deathly. |
rebelled badly: infinitive absolute. |
| Lam 1:21 | שָׁמְע֞וּ כִּ֧י נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָ֗נִי אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לִ֔י כָּל־אֹ֨יְבַ֜י שָׁמְע֤וּ רָֽעָתִי֙ שָׂ֔שׂוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ הֵבֵ֥אתָ יוֹם־קָרָ֖אתָ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ ס |
They have heard that I am sighing – That I have no comforter. All my enemies have heard of my misfortune; They rejoice because you have done this, But you will bring about the day which you have proclaimed, And they will become like me. |
|
| Lam 1:22 | תָּבֹ֨א כָל־רָעָתָ֤ם לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעוֹלֵ֣ל לָ֔מוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֛לְתָּ לִ֖י עַ֣ל כָּל־פְּשָׁעָ֑י כִּֽי־רַבּ֥וֹת אַנְחֹתַ֖י וְלִבִּ֥י דַוָּֽי׃ פ |
Let all their wickedness come before you, And treat them severely as you have treated me severely For all my transgressions. For my sighs are many, And my heart is ailing. |
|
| Lam 2:1 | אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס |
How the Lord* has covered the daughter of Zion in darkness in his anger. He has cast the splendour of Israel Down from heaven to the earth. And he did not remember his footstool On the day of his anger. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 2:2 | בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י *לא **וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
The Lord* has swallowed up all the settlements of Jacob {K: And} [Q: And] has not had compassion. In his ire he has demolished the fortifications of the daughter of Judah. He has cast them to the ground; He has profaned the kingdom and its princes. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 2:3 | גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ ס |
In his furious anger He has cut every horn of Israel off; He has drawn his right hand back from the presence of the enemy, And he has burned in Jacob as if with blazing fire, Which has consumed the land all around. |
Jacob: see Gen 32:29 (Gen 32:28AV).
as if with blazing fire ← as fire of a blaze. |
| Lam 2:4 | דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ ס |
He drew his bow like an enemy; His right hand stood like an adversary, And he killed all who were pleasing to the eye In the tent of the daughter of Zion. He poured out his fury like fire. |
|
| Lam 2:5 | הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃ ס |
The Lord* was like an enemy, He swallowed up Israel, He swallowed up all her palaces; He brought her fortifications to ruin And he increased mourning and lamentation In the daughter of Judah. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 2:6 | וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן׃ ס |
And he did violence to his booth like a garden; He ravaged his assembly. The Lord has caused the assembly and the Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion, And he has rejected king and priest In his angry indignation. |
booth: or tabernacle; a similar word in Lev 23:34, but not necessarily cognate.
his angry indignation ← the indignation of his anger, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Lam 2:7 | זָנַ֨ח אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ מִזְבְּחוֹ֙ נִאֵ֣ר מִקְדָּשׁ֔וֹ הִסְגִּיר֙ בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֔ב חוֹמֹ֖ת אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ ק֛וֹל נָתְנ֥וּ בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה כְּי֥וֹם מוֹעֵֽד׃ ס |
The Lord* has repudiated his altar; He has abhorred his sanctuary. He has delivered the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy. They have uttered a sound in the house of the Lord As on a day of the assembly. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 2:8 | חָשַׁ֨ב יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן נָ֣טָה קָ֔ו לֹא־הֵשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ וַיַּֽאֲבֶל־חֵ֥ל וְחוֹמָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֥ו אֻמְלָֽלוּ׃ ס |
The Lord decided to bring the wall of the daughter of Zion to ruin. He has stretched out a line; He did not withdraw his hand from swallowing it up, And he has brought mourning on fortification and wall – They languish together. |
decided ← thought. |
| Lam 2:9 | טָבְע֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ אִבַּ֥ד וְשִׁבַּ֖ר בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֵ֣ין תּוֹרָ֔ה גַּם־נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ לֹא־מָצְא֥וּ חָז֖וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ ס |
Her gates have sunk into the ground; He has wrecked and shattered her bolts. Her king and her princes are among the Gentiles. There is no book of the law; Her prophets do not find any vision from the Lord either. |
|
| Lam 2:10 | יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
The elders of the daughter of Zion are sitting on the ground; They are silent. They have put dust on their heads, They have girded themselves with sackcloth; The virgins of Jerusalem have lowered their heads to the ground. |
put ← raised.
heads (2x) ← head. |
| Lam 2:11 | כָּל֨וּ בַדְּמָע֤וֹת עֵינַי֙ חֳמַרְמְר֣וּ מֵעַ֔י נִשְׁפַּ֤ךְ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ כְּבֵדִ֔י עַל־שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּ֑י בֵּֽעָטֵ֤ף עוֹלֵל֙ וְיוֹנֵ֔ק בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת קִרְיָֽה׃ ס |
My eyes are exhausted with tears; My innards are turbulent. My liver is poured out on the ground Over the devastation of the daughter of my people, At the fainting of the child and baby In the streets of the city. |
|
| Lam 2:12 | לְאִמֹּתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֖ה דָּגָ֣ן וָיָ֑יִן בְּהִֽתְעַטְּפָ֤ם כֶּֽחָלָל֙ בִּרְחֹב֣וֹת עִ֔יר בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּ֣ךְ נַפְשָׁ֔ם אֶל־חֵ֖יק אִמֹּתָֽם׃ ס |
To their mothers they say, “Where is the corn and the wine?” As they faint like a wounded soldier in the streets of the city, As their life is poured out In their mothers' bosom. |
life ← soul. |
| Lam 2:13 | מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃ ס |
What can I testify to you? To what can I liken you, O daughter of Jerusalem? To what can I compare you, So as to comfort you, O virgin daughter of Zion? For your devastation is as great as the sea. Who can heal you? |
to what can I liken you ... to what can I compare you ← what (can) I liken to you ... what (can) I compare to you. |
| Lam 2:14 | נְבִיאַ֗יִךְ חָ֤זוּ לָךְ֙ שָׁ֣וְא וְתָפֵ֔ל וְלֹֽא־גִלּ֥וּ עַל־עֲוֺנֵ֖ךְ לְהָשִׁ֣יב *שביתך **שְׁבוּתֵ֑ךְ וַיֶּ֣חֱזוּ לָ֔ךְ מַשְׂא֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא וּמַדּוּחִֽים׃ ס |
Your prophets had visions for you Which were false and deluded, And they did not reveal your iniquity, Which would have restored you from your captivity, But they have had visions for you Of false prophecies and seductions. |
restored ... your captivity: the ketiv / qeré issue is as in Jer 29:14. |
| Lam 2:15 | סָֽפְק֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ כַּפַּ֙יִם֙ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶ֔רֶךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיָּנִ֣עוּ רֹאשָׁ֔ם עַל־בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הֲזֹ֣את הָעִ֗יר שֶׁיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ כְּלִ֣ילַת יֹ֔פִי מָשׂ֖וֹשׂ לְכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ס |
All who pass by the way Clap their hands at you. They whistle and shake their head At the daughter of Jerusalem, And say, “Is this the city of which they say, ‘It is the perfection of beauty – The joy of all the earth’?” |
|
| Lam 2:16 | פָּצ֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ פִּיהֶם֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔יִךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיַּֽחַרְקוּ־שֵׁ֔ן אָמְר֖וּ בִּלָּ֑עְנוּ אַ֣ךְ זֶ֥ה הַיּ֛וֹם שֶׁקִּוִּינֻ֖הוּ מָצָ֥אנוּ רָאִֽינוּ׃ ס |
All your enemies gape at you; They whistle and gnash their teeth. They say, “We have swallowed her up. Indeed this is the very day which we have hoped for. We have arrived at it, we have seen it.” |
their teeth ← the tooth. |
| Lam 2:17 | עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ׃ ס |
The Lord has done what he devised; He has carried out his word Which he appointed in days of old. He has demolished And did not show pity. And he has given the enemy reason to rejoice over you; He has raised the horn of your adversaries. |
in days of old ← since days of old. |
| Lam 2:18 | צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃ ס |
Their heart cried out to the Lord*. O wall of the daughter of Zion, Let tears run down like a torrent day and night, Do not give yourself respite; Do not let the pupil of your eye rest. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
Let tears run down ← bring [imperative] a tear down. Collective usage. |
| Lam 2:19 | ק֣וּמִי ׀ רֹ֣נִּי *בליל **בַלַּ֗יְלָה לְרֹאשׁ֙ אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת שִׁפְכִ֤י כַמַּ֙יִם֙ לִבֵּ֔ךְ נֹ֖כַח פְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְׂאִ֧י אֵלָ֣יו כַּפַּ֗יִךְ עַל־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים בְּרָעָ֖ב בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת׃ ס |
Arise, shout out in the night at the start of the watches, Pour out your heart like water in the presence of the Lord*; Lift up your hands to him for the life of your small children Who are fainting with hunger At the head of all the streets. |
in the night: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. life ← soul. |
| Lam 2:20 | רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה לְמִ֖י עוֹלַ֣לְתָּ כֹּ֑ה אִם־תֹּאכַ֨לְנָה נָשִׁ֤ים פִּרְיָם֙ עֹלֲלֵ֣י טִפֻּחִ֔ים אִם־יֵהָרֵ֛ג בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ אֲדֹנָ֖י כֹּהֵ֥ן וְנָבִֽיא׃ ס |
Look, O Lord, and see to whom you have done this. Will women eat their own fruit – Infants who are nursed? Will priest and prophet be killed In the sanctuary of the Lord*? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
this ← thus. nursed: AV differs (of a span long). |
| Lam 2:21 | שָׁכְב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ חוּצוֹת֙ נַ֣עַר וְזָקֵ֔ן בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י נָפְל֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב הָרַ֙גְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אַפֶּ֔ךָ טָבַ֖חְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃ ס |
The youth and the old man lie on the ground on the streets. My virgins and my young men have fallen by the sword. You have killed them on the day of your anger; You have slaughtered them And not shown pity. |
|
| Lam 2:22 | תִּקְרָא֩ כְי֨וֹם מוֹעֵ֤ד מְגוּרַי֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹ֥א הָיָ֛ה בְּי֥וֹם אַף־יְהוָ֖ה פָּלִ֣יט וְשָׂרִ֑יד אֲשֶׁר־טִפַּ֥חְתִּי וְרִבִּ֖יתִי אֹיְבִ֥י כִלָּֽם׃ פ |
You have publicized my fears round about, As on the day of an assembly. But on the day of the Lord's anger There was no-one who had escaped or survived. Those whom I nursed and brought up, My enemy has finished off. |
|
| Lam 3:1 | אֲנִ֤י הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ רָאָ֣ה עֳנִ֔י בְּשֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃ |
I am the man who has seen affliction By the rod of his wrath. |
|
| Lam 3:2 | אוֹתִ֥י נָהַ֛ג וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־אֽוֹר׃ |
He has driven me and removed me Into darkness, and not light. |
|
| Lam 3:3 | אַ֣ךְ בִּ֥י יָשֻׁ֛ב יַהֲפֹ֥ךְ יָד֖וֹ כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ ס |
Surely he has turned against me; His hand is adverse to me all day long. |
adverse: rather than averse, to bring out the active opposition. |
| Lam 3:4 | בִּלָּ֤ה בְשָׂרִי֙ וְעוֹרִ֔י שִׁבַּ֖ר עַצְמוֹתָֽי׃ |
He has caused my flesh and my skin to waste away; He has shattered my bones. |
|
| Lam 3:5 | בָּנָ֥ה עָלַ֛י וַיַּקַּ֖ף רֹ֥אשׁ וּתְלָאָֽה׃ |
He has built the case against me And surrounded me with noxiousness and weariness. |
|
| Lam 3:6 | בְּמַחֲשַׁכִּ֥ים הוֹשִׁיבַ֖נִי כְּמֵתֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ ס |
He has made me sit in darkness, Like the age-abidingly dead. |
|
| Lam 3:7 | גָּדַ֧ר בַּעֲדִ֛י וְלֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א הִכְבִּ֥יד נְחָשְׁתִּֽי׃ |
He has fenced me in And I cannot go out. He has made my fetter heavy. |
fenced me in ← fenced around me. |
| Lam 3:8 | גַּ֣ם כִּ֤י אֶזְעַק֙ וַאֲשַׁוֵּ֔עַ שָׂתַ֖ם תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃ |
Although I cry out and shout, He shuts out my prayer. |
|
| Lam 3:9 | גָּדַ֤ר דְּרָכַי֙ בְּגָזִ֔ית נְתִיבֹתַ֖י עִוָּֽה׃ ס |
He has blocked my ways with hewn stones; He has overturned my paths. |
blocked ← fenced.
overturned ← twisted, made crooked. Compare Ps 146:9. |
| Lam 3:10 | דֹּ֣ב אֹרֵ֥ב הוּא֙ לִ֔י *אריה **אֲרִ֖י בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים׃ |
He is a bear in ambush to me – A lion in a covert place. |
lion: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Lam 3:11 | דְּרָכַ֥י סוֹרֵ֛ר וַֽיְפַשְּׁחֵ֖נִי שָׂמַ֥נִי שֹׁמֵֽם׃ |
He has deflected me from my ways And torn me to pieces; He has made me desolate. |
|
| Lam 3:12 | דָּרַ֤ךְ קַשְׁתוֹ֙ וַיַּצִּיבֵ֔נִי כַּמַּטָּרָ֖א לַחֵֽץ׃ ס |
He has drawn his bow And set me as a target for the arrow. |
|
| Lam 3:13 | הֵבִיא֙ בְּכִלְיוֹתָ֔י בְּנֵ֖י אַשְׁפָּתֽוֹ׃ |
He has shot the contents of his quiver into my kidneys. |
shot ← brought.
contents ← sons. |
| Lam 3:14 | הָיִ֤יתִי שְּׂחֹק֙ לְכָל־עַמִּ֔י נְגִינָתָ֖ם כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
I have become a laughing stock to all my people, In their song all day long. |
|
| Lam 3:15 | הִשְׂבִּיעַ֥נִי בַמְּרוֹרִ֖ים הִרְוַ֥נִי לַעֲנָֽה׃ ס |
He has filled me with bitter herbs; He has given me wormwood to drink. |
filled ← satiated. |
| Lam 3:16 | וַיַּגְרֵ֤ס בֶּֽחָצָץ֙ שִׁנָּ֔י הִכְפִּישַׁ֖נִי בָּאֵֽפֶר׃ |
And he has crushed my teeth with gravel; He has covered me with ash. |
|
| Lam 3:17 | וַתִּזְנַ֧ח מִשָּׁל֛וֹם נַפְשִׁ֖י נָשִׁ֥יתִי טוֹבָֽה׃ |
And you have been averse to my well-being; I have forgotten what goodness is. |
my well-being ← the peace of my soul. |
| Lam 3:18 | וָאֹמַר֙ אָבַ֣ד נִצְחִ֔י וְתוֹחַלְתִּ֖י מֵיְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And I said, “My endurance and my hope in the Lord Have faded away.” |
in the Lord ... have faded away ← are lost from the Lord. |
| Lam 3:19 | זְכָר־עָנְיִ֥י וּמְרוּדִ֖י לַעֲנָ֥ה וָרֹֽאשׁ׃ |
Remember my affliction and wandering, The wormwood and the venom. |
|
| Lam 3:20 | זָכ֣וֹר תִּזְכּ֔וֹר *ותשיח **וְתָשׁ֥וֹחַ עָלַ֖י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ |
Oh do remember, And may {P: your soul} [M: my soul] sink down onto me. |
An amendment by the Sopherim. We reverse the change. See [CB] App. 33. P= נַפְשֶֽׁךָ. AV differs.
sink down: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. [CB] interprets as mourn for. Oh do remember: infinitive absolute. AV differs in various ways. |
| Lam 3:21 | זֹ֛את אָשִׁ֥יב אֶל־לִבִּ֖י עַל־כֵּ֥ן אוֹחִֽיל׃ ס |
I will lay this to heart; This is why I will be in expectation: |
to heart ← to my heart. |
| Lam 3:22 | חַֽסְדֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ כִּ֣י לֹא־תָ֔מְנוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־כָל֖וּ רַחֲמָֽיו׃ |
The Lord's kind deeds are such That we are not finished – That his mercies have not come to an end. |
|
| Lam 3:23 | חֲדָשִׁים֙ לַבְּקָרִ֔ים רַבָּ֖ה אֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ׃ |
The mornings bring these anew; Great is your faithfulness. |
|
| Lam 3:24 | חֶלְקִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אָמְרָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י עַל־כֵּ֖ן אוֹחִ֥יל לֽוֹ׃ ס |
“My portion is the Lord,” My inner being has said, “Which is why I will await him.” |
inner being ← soul. |
| Lam 3:25 | ט֤וֹב יְהוָה֙ לְקוָֹ֔ו לְנֶ֖פֶשׁ תִּדְרְשֶֽׁנּוּ׃ |
The Lord is good to those who put their hope in him – To the person who seeks him. |
person ← soul. |
| Lam 3:26 | ט֤וֹב וְיָחִיל֙ וְדוּמָ֔ם לִתְשׁוּעַ֖ת יְהוָֽה׃ |
It is good to be in expectation and quiet for the Lord's salvation. |
|
| Lam 3:27 | ט֣וֹב לַגֶּ֔בֶר כִּֽי־יִשָּׂ֥א עֹ֖ל בִּנְעוּרָֽיו׃ ס |
It is good for a man That he bears his yoke in his youth. |
|
| Lam 3:28 | יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃ |
He sits alone and is silent, For he laid it on him. |
|
| Lam 3:29 | יִתֵּ֤ן בֶּֽעָפָר֙ פִּ֔יהוּ אוּלַ֖י יֵ֥שׁ תִּקְוָֽה׃ |
He puts his mouth in the dust And says, “Perhaps there is hope.” |
|
| Lam 3:30 | יִתֵּ֧ן לְמַכֵּ֛הוּ לֶ֖חִי יִשְׂבַּ֥ע בְּחֶרְפָּֽה׃ ס |
He gives his cheek to him who strikes him; He is steeped in reproach. |
|
| Lam 3:31 | כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יִזְנַ֛ח לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֲדֹנָֽי׃ |
For the Lord* will not repudiate us age-abidingly. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 3:32 | כִּ֣י אִם־הוֹגָ֔ה וְרִחַ֖ם כְּרֹ֥ב *חסדו **חֲסָדָֽיו׃ |
Although he causes grief, Yet he shows mercy According to the abundance of his {K: kindness} [Q: kind deeds]. |
|
| Lam 3:33 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א עִנָּה֙ מִלִּבּ֔וֹ וַיַּגֶּ֖ה בְנֵי־אִֽישׁ׃ ס |
For he does not afflict wholeheartedly Nor so grieve the sons of men. |
wholeheartedly ← from his heart. |
| Lam 3:34 | לְדַכֵּא֙ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל אֲסִ֥ירֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ |
Neither on crushing all the prisoners of the earth under one's feet, |
Neither: the negation comes from Lam 3:36. |
| Lam 3:35 | לְהַטּוֹת֙ מִשְׁפַּט־גָּ֔בֶר נֶ֖גֶד פְּנֵ֥י עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ |
Nor on perverting the course of justice of a man Against the intention of the Most High, |
intention ← face. |
| Lam 3:36 | לְעַוֵּ֤ת אָדָם֙ בְּרִיב֔וֹ אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א רָאָֽה׃ ס |
Nor on doing violence to a man's contention Does the Lord* look favourably. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
doing violence to a man's contention ← perverting a man in his contention. |
| Lam 3:37 | מִ֣י זֶ֤ה אָמַר֙ וַתֶּ֔הִי אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א צִוָּֽה׃ |
Who is it who spoke, and it came to pass, If the Lord* did not command it? |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Lam 3:38 | מִפִּ֤י עֶלְיוֹן֙ לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֔א הָרָע֖וֹת וְהַטּֽוֹב׃ |
Do not bad things and good Issue from the mouth of the Most High? |
|
| Lam 3:39 | מַה־יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙ אָדָ֣ם חָ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר עַל־*חטאו **חֲטָאָֽיו׃ ס |
How a man who is alive complains! – A man confronted by his {K: sin} [Q: sins]. |
confronted by ← at / against. |
| Lam 3:40 | נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה דְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וְֽנַחְקֹ֔רָה וְנָשׁ֖וּבָה עַד־יְהוָֽה׃ |
Let us search our ways and investigate And return to the Lord. |
|
| Lam 3:41 | נִשָּׂ֤א לְבָבֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־כַּפָּ֔יִם אֶל־אֵ֖ל בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
Let us lift up our hearts on our hands To God in the heavens. |
hearts ← heart. |
| Lam 3:42 | נַ֤חְנוּ פָשַׁ֙עְנוּ֙ וּמָרִ֔ינוּ אַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א סָלָֽחְתָּ׃ ס |
We have transgressed and rebelled, And you have not forgiven us. |
|
| Lam 3:43 | סַכֹּ֤תָה בָאַף֙ וַֽתִּרְדְּפֵ֔נוּ הָרַ֖גְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃ |
You have covered us with anger and pursued us; You have killed us and not shown pity. |
covered us: [AnLx] has covered yourself. |
| Lam 3:44 | סַכּ֤וֹתָה בֶֽעָנָן֙ לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲב֖וֹר תְּפִלָּֽה׃ |
You have covered yourself with a cloud, So that a prayer cannot pass through. |
|
| Lam 3:45 | סְחִ֧י וּמָא֛וֹס תְּשִׂימֵ֖נוּ בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָעַמִּֽים׃ ס |
You have made us an offscouring And a reject in the company of the nations. |
a reject: [AnLx] regards as an infinitive absolute; we, with [BDB], take it as a noun. The general sense is hardly affected.
company ← midst. |
| Lam 3:46 | פָּצ֥וּ עָלֵ֛ינוּ פִּיהֶ֖ם כָּל־אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ |
All our enemies gape at us. |
|
| Lam 3:47 | פַּ֧חַד וָפַ֛חַת הָ֥יָה לָ֖נוּ הַשֵּׁ֥את וְהַשָּֽׁבֶר׃ |
Fear and ruin are our lot With desolation and devastation. |
|
| Lam 3:48 | פַּלְגֵי־מַ֙יִם֙ תֵּרַ֣ד עֵינִ֔י עַל־שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ ס |
Streams of water run down my eye At the devastation of the daughter of my people. |
streams of water run down my eye ← my eye runs down (as) streams of water. |
| Lam 3:49 | עֵינִ֧י נִגְּרָ֛ה וְלֹ֥א תִדְמֶ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻגֽוֹת׃ |
My eye is flowing and will not become quiet, With no respite, |
|
| Lam 3:50 | עַד־יַשְׁקִ֣יף וְיֵ֔רֶא יְהוָ֖ה מִשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ |
Until the Lord peers down And looks from heaven. |
|
| Lam 3:51 | עֵינִי֙ עֽוֹלְלָ֣ה לְנַפְשִׁ֔י מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנ֥וֹת עִירִֽי׃ ס |
My eye is wearing on my spiritual condition Because of all the daughters of the city. |
spiritual condition ← soul. |
| Lam 3:52 | צ֥וֹד צָד֛וּנִי כַּצִּפּ֖וֹר אֹיְבַ֥י חִנָּֽם׃ |
My enemies have relentlessly hunted me, Gratuitously, like a bird. |
relentlessly hunted: infinitive absolute. |
| Lam 3:53 | צָֽמְת֤וּ בַבּוֹר֙ חַיָּ֔י וַיַּדּוּ־אֶ֖בֶן בִּֽי׃ |
They have knocked my life down into the pit, And they have thrown stones at me. |
stones ← stone. Collective usage. |
| Lam 3:54 | צָֽפוּ־מַ֥יִם עַל־רֹאשִׁ֖י אָמַ֥רְתִּי נִגְזָֽרְתִּי׃ ס |
Waters overwhelmed me above my head. I said, “I have been cut off.” |
|
| Lam 3:55 | קָרָ֤אתִי שִׁמְךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִבּ֖וֹר תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃ |
I called on your name, O Lord, From the lowest pit. |
|
| Lam 3:56 | קוֹלִ֖י שָׁמָ֑עְתָּ אַל־תַּעְלֵ֧ם אָזְנְךָ֛ לְרַוְחָתִ֖י לְשַׁוְעָתִֽי׃ |
You have heard my voice. Do not turn a deaf ear to relieving me at my cry. |
turn a deaf ear ← hide your ear.
relieving me ← my relief. |
| Lam 3:57 | קָרַ֙בְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶקְרָאֶ֔ךָּ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אַל־תִּירָֽא׃ ס |
You drew near on the day When I called on you, And you said, “Do not fear.” |
|
| Lam 3:58 | רַ֧בְתָּ אֲדֹנָ֛י רִיבֵ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י גָּאַ֥לְתָּ חַיָּֽי׃ |
You, O Lord*, have defended the indictments against my person, You have redeemed my life. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
against my person ← of my soul, an objective genitive. |
| Lam 3:59 | רָאִ֤יתָה יְהוָה֙ עַוָּ֣תָתִ֔י שָׁפְטָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃ |
O Lord, you have seen my oppression; Do defend my case. |
my oppression: an objective genitive (they oppress me).
defend my case ← judge my judgment. |
| Lam 3:60 | רָאִ֙יתָה֙ כָּל־נִקְמָתָ֔ם כָּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם לִֽי׃ ס |
You have seen all their vengeance – All their thoughts concerning me. |
|
| Lam 3:61 | שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ חֶרְפָּתָם֙ יְהוָ֔ה כָּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם עָלָֽי׃ |
You have heard their reproach, O Lord – all their thoughts against me. |
their reproach: a subjective genitive (they reproach). |
| Lam 3:62 | שִׂפְתֵ֤י קָמַי֙ וְהֶגְיוֹנָ֔ם עָלַ֖י כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃ |
The lips of those who rise up against me And their meditation Are against me all day long. |
|
| Lam 3:63 | שִׁבְתָּ֤ם וְקִֽימָתָם֙ הַבִּ֔יטָה אֲנִ֖י מַנְגִּינָתָֽם׃ ס |
Observe their sitting down and their rising up; I am their derisive song. |
their sitting down and their rising up: standing for their behaviour. Compare Ps 139:2. |
| Lam 3:64 | תָּשִׁ֨יב לָהֶ֥ם גְּמ֛וּל יְהוָ֖ה כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Bring retribution on them, O Lord, According to the work of their hands. |
bring: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28. But perhaps future, a prophecy. |
| Lam 3:65 | תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ מְגִנַּת־לֵ֔ב תַּאֲלָֽתְךָ֖ לָהֶֽם׃ |
Give them a veiled heart – Your curse on them. |
give: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28. |
| Lam 3:66 | תִּרְדֹּ֤ף בְּאַף֙ וְתַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת שְׁמֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ |
Pursue them in anger, And destroy them, Under the heavens of the Lord. |
pursue: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28. |
| Lam 4:1 | אֵיכָה֙ יוּעַ֣ם זָהָ֔ב יִשְׁנֶ֖א הַכֶּ֣תֶם הַטּ֑וֹב תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֙כְנָה֙ אַבְנֵי־קֹ֔דֶשׁ בְּרֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת׃ ס |
How gold has become dull, And the good fine gold has changed! The holy gemstones are poured out At the head of all the streets. |
has changed: in an Aramaic form. |
| Lam 4:2 | בְּנֵ֤י צִיּוֹן֙ הַיְקָרִ֔ים הַמְסֻלָּאִ֖ים בַּפָּ֑ז אֵיכָ֤ה נֶחְשְׁבוּ֙ לְנִבְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י יוֹצֵֽר׃ ס |
As for the precious sons of Zion Who were weighed against fine gold, How they are considered as earthen jars – The work of the hands of the potter! |
|
| Lam 4:3 | גַּם־*תנין **תַּנִּים֙ חָ֣לְצוּ שַׁ֔ד הֵינִ֖יקוּ גּוּרֵיהֶ֑ן בַּת־עַמִּ֣י לְאַכְזָ֔ר *כי *ענים **כַּיְעֵנִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ ס |
Even the jackals present a breast; They suckle their cubs. The daughter of my people is prey to the cruel one, {Q: Like the ostriches} [K: For they are distressed] in the desert. |
the jackals: the ketiv has an Aramaic plural.
like the ostriches ... for they are distressed: the difference is just a space. The qeré does not use the usual word for ostriches, and perhaps יָעֵן is a lexical invention specifically for ↴ |
| Lam 4:4 | דָּבַ֨ק לְשׁ֥וֹן יוֹנֵ֛ק אֶל־חכּ֖וֹ בַּצָּמָ֑א עֽוֹלָלִים֙ שָׁ֣אֲלוּ לֶ֔חֶם פֹּרֵ֖שׂ אֵ֥ין לָהֶֽם׃ ס |
The baby's tongue cleaves to the roof of his mouth with thirst. Children ask for bread, But there is no-one to break any for them. |
↳ this verse, but we accept it. We translate the ketiv from עֹנִים; for this verb in a finite form, see Isa 25:5.
baby's ← suckling's. to break ← breaking. |
| Lam 4:5 | הָאֹֽכְלִים֙ לְמַ֣עֲדַנִּ֔ים נָשַׁ֖מּוּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת הָאֱמֻנִים֙ עֲלֵ֣י תוֹלָ֔ע חִבְּק֖וּ אַשְׁפַּתּֽוֹת׃ ס |
Those who used to eat delicacies Have become desolate in the streets. Those brought up in scarlet Embrace the rubbish dumps. |
|
| Lam 4:6 | וַיִּגְדַּל֙ עֲוֺ֣ן בַּת־עַמִּ֔י מֵֽחַטַּ֖את סְדֹ֑ם הַֽהֲפוּכָ֣ה כְמוֹ־רָ֔גַע וְלֹא־חָ֥לוּ בָ֖הּ יָדָֽיִם׃ ס |
And the punishment for the iniquity of the daughter of my people Is greater than the punishment for the sin of Sodom, Which was overthrown in a moment, And no hands in it endured. |
in it endured: AV differs (stayed on her). |
| Lam 4:7 | זַכּ֤וּ נְזִירֶ֙יהָ֙ מִשֶּׁ֔לֶג צַח֖וּ מֵחָלָ֑ב אָ֤דְמוּ עֶ֙צֶם֙ מִפְּנִינִ֔ים סַפִּ֖יר גִּזְרָתָֽם׃ ס |
Her Nazarites were purer than snow, They were brighter than milk, They were redder in body than red corals; Their features were as of a sapphire. |
features ← facet. |
| Lam 4:8 | חָשַׁ֤ךְ מִשְּׁחוֹר֙ תָּֽאֳרָ֔ם לֹ֥א נִכְּר֖וּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת צָפַ֤ד עוֹרָם֙ עַל־עַצְמָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה כָעֵֽץ׃ ס |
Their appearance has become darker than blackness, They are not recognized in the streets; Their skin cleaves to their bones – It has become dry like wood. |
|
| Lam 4:9 | טוֹבִ֤ים הָיוּ֙ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵֽחַלְלֵ֖י רָעָ֑ב שֶׁ֣הֵ֤ם יָז֙וּבוּ֙ מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים מִתְּנוּבֹ֖ת שָׂדָֽי׃ ס |
Those who fell by the sword were better off Than those who died of hunger, For they bled to death when pierced, Rather than dying for lack of the produce of the field. |
bled ← flowed. |
| Lam 4:10 | יְדֵ֗י נָשִׁים֙ רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת בִּשְּׁל֖וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן הָי֤וּ לְבָרוֹת֙ לָ֔מוֹ בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ ס |
The hands of compassionate women Have cooked their own children. They were food to them In the devastation of the daughter of my people. |
food ← for eating ← to eat. |
| Lam 4:11 | כִּלָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־חֲמָת֔וֹ שָׁפַ֖ךְ חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ וַיַּצֶּת־אֵ֣שׁ בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וַתֹּ֖אכַל יְסוֹדֹתֶֽיהָ׃ ס |
The Lord has discharged his wrath; He has poured out his furious anger, And he has kindled a fire in Zion, And it has consumed its foundations. |
his furious anger ← the fury of his anger. See Lam 1:12. |
| Lam 4:12 | לֹ֤א הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ *וכל **כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י תֵבֵ֑ל כִּ֤י יָבֹא֙ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס |
The kings of the earth {K: And} [Q: And] all the inhabitants of the world Did not believe that an adversary and an enemy Would enter the gates of Jerusalem. |
|
| Lam 4:13 | מֵֽחַטֹּ֣את נְבִיאֶ֔יהָ עֲוֺנ֖וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֑יהָ הַשֹּׁפְכִ֥ים בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ דַּ֥ם צַדִּיקִֽים׃ ס |
Because of the sins of her prophets, And the iniquities of her priests Who shed the blood of the righteous In her precincts, |
precincts ← midst. |
| Lam 4:14 | נָע֤וּ עִוְרִים֙ בַּֽחוּצ֔וֹת נְגֹֽאֲל֖וּ בַּדָּ֑ם בְּלֹ֣א יֽוּכְל֔וּ יִגְּע֖וּ בִּלְבֻשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ ס |
They stagger along in blindness in the streets; They are stained with blood. In their powerlessness They strike their clothes. |
blindness ← blind.
AV differs in the concluding clause (so that men could not touch their garments). |
| Lam 4:15 | ס֣וּרוּ טָמֵ֞א קָ֣רְאוּ לָ֗מוֹ ס֤וּרוּ ס֙וּרוּ֙ אַל־תִּגָּ֔עוּ כִּ֥י נָצ֖וּ גַּם־נָ֑עוּ אָֽמְרוּ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יפוּ לָגֽוּר׃ ס |
“Go away, you unclean person”, They call out to them, “Go away, go away. Do not touch.” For they fled and wandered. Among the Gentiles they said, “They will not dwell there any more.” |
go away ... unclean: plural ... singular. |
| Lam 4:16 | פְּנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ חִלְּקָ֔ם לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יף לְהַבִּיטָ֑ם פְּנֵ֤י כֹהֲנִים֙ לֹ֣א נָשָׂ֔אוּ *זקנים **וּזְקֵנִ֖ים לֹ֥א חָנָֽנוּ׃ ס |
The presence of the Lord has divided them; He no longer watches over them. They did not show the priests respect, {K: Nor} [Q: Nor] did they show the elders compassion. |
presence ← face.
show ... respect ← raise the face. |
| Lam 4:17 | *עודינה **עוֹדֵ֙ינוּ֙ תִּכְלֶ֣ינָה עֵינֵ֔ינוּ אֶל־עֶזְרָתֵ֖נוּ הָ֑בֶל בְּצִפִּיָּתֵ֣נוּ צִפִּ֔ינוּ אֶל־גּ֖וֹי לֹ֥א יוֹשִֽׁעַ׃ ס |
Our eyes still fail us At the worthlessness of the help we had, When in our expectation we awaited a people, But they could not save us. |
still ... us: we take both forms as first person plural we still, the ketiv being an Aramaism. [AnLx] and [BHS] parse the ketiv as third person feminine plural, so agreeing with eyes. |
| Lam 4:18 | צָד֣וּ צְעָדֵ֔ינוּ מִלֶּ֖כֶת בִּרְחֹבֹתֵ֑ינוּ קָרַ֥ב קִצֵּ֛ינוּ מָלְא֥וּ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כִּי־בָ֥א קִצֵּֽינוּ׃ ס |
They hounded us at our steps, So that we could not walk on our streets. Our end came near; Our days were fulfilled, For our end had come. |
hounded ← hunted.
so that we could not walk ← from to walk. |
| Lam 4:19 | קַלִּ֤ים הָיוּ֙ רֹדְפֵ֔ינוּ מִנִּשְׁרֵ֖י שָׁמָ֑יִם עַל־הֶהָרִ֣ים דְּלָקֻ֔נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר אָ֥רְבוּ לָֽנוּ׃ ס |
Our pursuers were swifter than eagles of the sky; They ardently pursued us on the mountains – In the desert they ambushed us. |
|
| Lam 4:20 | ר֤וּחַ אַפֵּ֙ינוּ֙ מְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה נִלְכַּ֖ד בִּשְׁחִיתוֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְנוּ בְּצִלּ֖וֹ נִֽחְיֶ֥ה בַגּוֹיִֽם׃ ס |
The breath of our nostrils – The Lord's anointed – Was caught in their snares, Of whom we said, “We will live in his shadow among the Gentiles.” |
the Lord's anointed: referring to Zedekiah [CB].
snares: as מַשְׁחִית, in Jer 5:26, taking the root as שׁחת. Alternatively, from root שׁחה, pit. |
| Lam 4:21 | שִׂ֤ישִׂי וְשִׂמְחִי֙ בַּת־אֱד֔וֹם *יושבתי **יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ ע֑וּץ גַּם־עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ תַּעֲבָר־כּ֔וֹס תִּשְׁכְּרִ֖י וְתִתְעָרִֽי׃ ס |
Exult and be joyful, O daughter of Edom, You who live in the land of Uz. The cup will pass over you too, And you will become drunk And make yourself naked. |
live: the ketiv is an unusual variant form of the qeré.
exult (etc.): ironic. |
| Lam 4:22 | תַּם־עֲוֺנֵךְ֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יף לְהַגְלוֹתֵ֑ךְ פָּקַ֤ד עֲוֺנֵךְ֙ בַּת־אֱד֔וֹם גִּלָּ֖ה עַל־חַטֹּאתָֽיִךְ׃ פ |
Your iniquity has come to its culmination, O daughter of Zion; He will not send you into exile any more. He will punish your iniquity, O daughter of Edom; He will expose your sins. |
|
| Lam 5:1 | זְכֹ֤ר יְהוָה֙ מֶֽה־הָ֣יָה לָ֔נוּ *הביט **הַבִּ֖יטָה וּרְאֵ֥ה אֶת־חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃ |
Remember, O Lord, What has come upon us. {K: Look} [Q: Do look] and see our reproach. |
our reproach: an objective genitive (they reproach us). |
| Lam 5:2 | נַחֲלָתֵ֙נוּ֙ נֶֽהֶפְכָ֣ה לְזָרִ֔ים בָּתֵּ֖ינוּ לְנָכְרִֽים׃ |
Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers – Our houses to foreigners. |
|
| Lam 5:3 | יְתוֹמִ֤ים הָיִ֙ינוּ֙ *אין **וְאֵ֣ין אָ֔ב אִמֹּתֵ֖ינוּ כְּאַלְמָנֽוֹת׃ |
We have become {K: orphans;} [Q: orphans,] {K: We have no} [Q: And we have no] father. Our mothers are like widows. |
|
| Lam 5:4 | מֵימֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּכֶ֣סֶף שָׁתִ֔ינוּ עֵצֵ֖ינוּ בִּמְחִ֥יר יָבֹֽאוּ׃ |
We have drunk our water against payment; Our wood comes at a price. |
against payment ← for money. |
| Lam 5:5 | עַ֤ל צַוָּארֵ֙נוּ֙ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ יָגַ֖עְנוּ *לא **וְלֹ֥א הֽוּנַ֖ח לָֽנוּ׃ |
We are pursued at our necks, We are {K: weary;} [Q: weary,] {K: We} [Q: And we] are not given rest. |
necks ← neck. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Lam 5:6 | מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ נָתַ֣נּוּ יָ֔ד אַשּׁ֖וּר לִשְׂבֹּ֥עַֽ לָֽחֶם׃ |
We offered the hand to Egypt; We gave Assyria bread with which to be satiated. |
offered ← gave.
[CB] gives the sense of the verse as we submitted to these nations. But perhaps we paid for help. |
| Lam 5:7 | אֲבֹתֵ֤ינוּ חָֽטְאוּ֙ *אינם **וְאֵינָ֔ם *אנחנו **וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֲוֺנֹתֵיהֶ֥ם סָבָֽלְנוּ׃ |
Our fathers have {K: sinned;} [Q: sinned,] {K: They} [Q: And they] are not here. {K: We} [Q: And we] are suffering for their iniquities. |
|
| Lam 5:8 | עֲבָדִים֙ מָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֔נוּ פֹּרֵ֖ק אֵ֥ין מִיָּדָֽם׃ |
Servants have ruled over us; No-one breaks away from their grip. |
no-one breaks away: AV differs (there is none that doth deliver), also possible.
grip ← hand. |
| Lam 5:9 | בְּנַפְשֵׁ֙נוּ֙ נָבִ֣יא לַחְמֵ֔נוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י חֶ֥רֶב הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ |
We fetch our bread at the risk of our lives Because of the sword in the desert. |
lives ← souls.
sword in ← sword of. |
| Lam 5:10 | עוֹרֵ֙נוּ֙ כְּתַנּ֣וּר נִכְמָ֔רוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י זַלְעֲפ֥וֹת רָעָֽב׃ |
Our skin is as black as an oven Because of the scorching famine. |
scorching ← violent heats of. |
| Lam 5:11 | נָשִׁים֙ בְּצִיּ֣וֹן עִנּ֔וּ בְּתֻלֹ֖ת בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ |
They raped the women in Zion And the virgins of the cities of Judah. |
|
| Lam 5:12 | שָׂרִים֙ בְּיָדָ֣ם נִתְל֔וּ פְּנֵ֥י זְקֵנִ֖ים לֹ֥א נֶהְדָּֽרוּ׃ |
Princes were hanged at their behest; The standing of the elderly was not respected. |
behest ← hand, but also dominion (1 Chr 18:3) and authority / charge (2 Sam 18:2).
standing ← face. |
| Lam 5:13 | בַּחוּרִים֙ טְח֣וֹן נָשָׂ֔אוּ וּנְעָרִ֖ים בָּעֵ֥ץ כָּשָֽׁלוּ׃ |
They took young men to do grinding, And youths staggered with wood. |
they took young men to do grinding: from the infinitive construct. [AnLx] and [BDB] take the grinding word as a noun, giving young men have borne the mill. |
| Lam 5:14 | זְקֵנִים֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר שָׁבָ֔תוּ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מִנְּגִינָתָֽם׃ |
Old men cease to be at the gate, And young men playing music. |
|
| Lam 5:15 | שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ לִבֵּ֔נוּ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְאֵ֖בֶל מְחֹלֵֽנוּ׃ |
The joy of our heart has ceased; Our dancing has turned into mourning. |
|
| Lam 5:16 | נָֽפְלָה֙ עֲטֶ֣רֶת רֹאשֵׁ֔נוּ אֽוֹי־נָ֥א לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י חָטָֽאנוּ׃ |
The crown on our head has fallen off. Oh woe to us, For we have sinned! |
crown on ← crown of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Lam 5:17 | עַל־זֶ֗ה הָיָ֤ה דָוֶה֙ לִבֵּ֔נוּ עַל־אֵ֖לֶּה חָשְׁכ֥וּ עֵינֵֽינוּ׃ |
For this reason our heart has become sick; On these grounds our eyes have become dark. |
|
| Lam 5:18 | עַ֤ל הַר־צִיּוֹן֙ שֶׁשָּׁמֵ֔ם שׁוּעָלִ֖ים הִלְּכוּ־בֽוֹ׃ פ |
On Mount Zion, Which is desolate, Foxes roam. |
|
| Lam 5:19 | אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֔ב כִּסְאֲךָ֖ לְדֹ֥ר וָדֽוֹר׃ |
You, O Lord, remain age-abidingly; Your throne is from generation to generation. |
|
| Lam 5:20 | לָ֤מָּה לָנֶ֙צַח֙ תִּשְׁכָּחֵ֔נוּ תַּֽעַזְבֵ֖נוּ לְאֹ֥רֶךְ יָמִֽים׃ |
Why should you forget us forever – Abandon us for the length of days? |
|
| Lam 5:21 | הֲשִׁיבֵ֨נוּ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ *ונשוב **וְֽנָשׁ֔וּבָה חַדֵּ֥שׁ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כְּקֶֽדֶם׃ |
Restore us, O Lord, to yourself, {K: And we will return} [Q: And let us return]. Renew our days As of old. |
|
| Lam 5:22 | כִּ֚י אִם־מָאֹ֣ס מְאַסְתָּ֔נוּ קָצַ֥פְתָּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ עַד־מְאֹֽד׃ |
For you have utterly rejected us, You have been angry with us In great measure. |
utterly rejected: infinitive absolute.
in great measure ← up to much. |
| Eccl 1:1 | דִּבְרֵי֙ קֹהֶ֣לֶת בֶּן־דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֖לֶךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | The words of the convener, the son of David, the king in Jerusalem. | |
| Eccl 1:2 | הֲבֵ֤ל הֲבָלִים֙ אָמַ֣ר קֹהֶ֔לֶת הֲבֵ֥ל הֲבָלִ֖ים הַכֹּ֥ל הָֽבֶל׃ |
“Vanity of vanities,” Says the convener, “Vanity of vanities; All is vanity. |
vanity: the meaning often seems to be pointlessness (Eccl 2:15) or unfairness (Eccl 8:14).
convener: a grammatically feminine word with a masculine verb here and Eccl 12:8-10. Only with a feminine verb in Eccl 7:27. |
| Eccl 1:3 | מַה־יִּתְר֖וֹן לָֽאָדָ֑ם בְּכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ שֶֽׁיַּעֲמֹ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
What is the benefit to a man Of all his toil which he toils at Under the sun? |
|
| Eccl 1:4 | דּ֤וֹר הֹלֵךְ֙ וְד֣וֹר בָּ֔א וְהָאָ֖רֶץ לְעוֹלָ֥ם עֹמָֽדֶת׃ |
A generation goes and a generation comes, But the world stands age-abidingly. |
|
| Eccl 1:5 | וְזָרַ֥ח הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וּבָ֣א הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְאֶ֨ל־מְקוֹמ֔וֹ שׁוֹאֵ֛ף זוֹרֵ֥חַֽ ה֖וּא שָֽׁם׃ |
And the sun rises, and the sun sets, Then it draws towards its place Where it rises again. |
|
| Eccl 1:6 | הוֹלֵךְ֙ אֶל־דָּר֔וֹם וְסוֹבֵ֖ב אֶל־צָפ֑וֹן סוֹבֵ֤ב ׀ סֹבֵב֙ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ הָר֔וּחַ וְעַל־סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו שָׁ֥ב הָרֽוּחַ׃ |
It goes to the south, and it turns to the north; Turning and turning, the wind goes, And by its round trips The wind returns. |
|
| Eccl 1:7 | כָּל־הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹלְכִ֣ים אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְהַיָּ֖ם אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מָלֵ֑א אֶל־מְק֗וֹם שֶׁ֤הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹֽלְכִ֔ים שָׁ֛ם הֵ֥ם שָׁבִ֖ים לָלָֽכֶת׃ |
All the streams go to the sea, But the sea is not full. To the place where the streams flow, There they return to flow again. |
flow (2x) ← go. |
| Eccl 1:8 | כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים יְגֵעִ֔ים לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל אִ֖ישׁ לְדַבֵּ֑ר לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֥ע עַ֙יִן֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְלֹא־תִמָּלֵ֥א אֹ֖זֶן מִשְּׁמֹֽעַ׃ |
Everything is wearisome; No-one can utter it. The eye is not satisfied with seeing, And the ear is not filled with hearing. |
|
| Eccl 1:9 | מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
What has been is what will be, And what has been done is what will be done, And there is nothing new under the sun. |
|
| Eccl 1:10 | יֵ֥שׁ דָּבָ֛ר שֶׁיֹּאמַ֥ר רְאֵה־זֶ֖ה חָדָ֣שׁ ה֑וּא כְּבָר֙ הָיָ֣ה לְעֹֽלָמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה מִלְּפָנֵֽנוּ׃ |
Is there anything of which it can be said, ‘Look, this is new’? It was already in existence in ancient times – Something which existed before us. |
it can be said ← one says.
in ancient times ← of the ages. |
| Eccl 1:11 | אֵ֥ין זִכְר֖וֹן לָרִאשֹׁנִ֑ים וְגַ֨ם לָאַחֲרֹנִ֜ים שֶׁיִּהְי֗וּ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ זִכָּר֔וֹן עִ֥ם שֶׁיִּהְי֖וּ לָאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ פ |
There is no remembrance of the former things, Nor will there be any remembrance of the latter things which will be, With those who will be in existence In the latter time. |
|
| Eccl 1:12 | אֲנִ֣י קֹהֶ֗לֶת הָיִ֥יתִי מֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | I, the convener, became king over Israel in Jerusalem, | |
| Eccl 1:13 | וְנָתַ֣תִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֗י לִדְר֤וֹשׁ וְלָתוּר֙ בַּֽחָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם ה֣וּא ׀ עִנְיַ֣ן רָ֗ע נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ׃ | and I decided to seek and investigate by means of wisdom everything that has been done under heaven. It is a troublesome matter that God has given the sons of Adam to be afflicted by. |
decided ← gave / put my heart.
everything ← concerning everything. |
| Eccl 1:14 | רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים שֶֽׁנַּעֲשׂ֖וּ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכֹּ֛ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ | I have seen all the works which are done under the sun, and look, everything is vanity and idle pursuit. | idle pursuit ← feeding on wind. |
| Eccl 1:15 | מְעֻוָּ֖ת לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לִתְקֹ֑ן וְחֶסְר֖וֹן לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל לְהִמָּנֽוֹת׃ |
That which is crooked Cannot be made straight, And that which is lacking Cannot be counted. |
|
| Eccl 1:16 | דִּבַּ֨רְתִּי אֲנִ֤י עִם־לִבִּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֗י הִנֵּ֨ה הִגְדַּ֤לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֙פְתִּי֙ חָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלִבִּ֛י רָאָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה חָכְמָ֥ה וָדָֽעַת׃ | I spoke to myself deep down and said, ‘Here I am; I have become great, and I have increased in wisdom more than everyone who was before me in Jerusalem, and my heart has seen much wisdom and knowledge.’ |
deep down ← with my heart.
here I am ← I, behold. AV differs in extent of direct speech. in Jerusalem: or over Jerusalem, but only Saul and David were really over Jerusalem. |
| Eccl 1:17 | וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃ | And I devoted my heart to knowing wisdom, and to knowledge of folly and foolishness, and I came to know that this too is idle pursuit. |
devoted ← gave.
idle pursuit ← pursuit of wind. A similar word for pursuit to the one used in Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 1:18 | כִּ֛י בְּרֹ֥ב חָכְמָ֖ה רָב־כָּ֑עַס וְיוֹסִ֥יף דַּ֖עַת יוֹסִ֥יף מַכְאֽוֹב׃ |
For in much wisdom there is much annoyance, And he who increases knowledge Increases sorrow. |
|
| Eccl 2:1 | אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י לְכָה־נָּ֛א אֲנַסְּכָ֛ה בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּרְאֵ֣ה בְט֑וֹב וְהִנֵּ֥ה גַם־ה֖וּא הָֽבֶל׃ | I said in my heart, ‘Go now; I will test you with joy. And discern what is good.’ But behold, this is also vanity. | discern ← look on, but often with some emotion (delight, grief etc.), so perhaps rejoice in. |
| Eccl 2:2 | לִשְׂח֖וֹק אָמַ֣רְתִּי מְהוֹלָ֑ל וּלְשִׂמְחָ֖ה מַה־זֹּ֥ה עֹשָֽׂה׃ | To laughter I said, ‘It is foolish’, and to joy, ‘What is it doing?’ | |
| Eccl 2:3 | תַּ֣רְתִּי בְלִבִּ֔י לִמְשׁ֥וֹךְ בַּיַּ֖יִן אֶת־בְּשָׂרִ֑י וְלִבִּ֞י נֹהֵ֤ג בַּֽחָכְמָה֙ וְלֶאֱחֹ֣ז בְּסִכְל֔וּת עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־אֶרְאֶ֗ה אֵי־זֶ֨ה ט֜וֹב לִבְנֵ֤י הָאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַעֲשׂוּ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם מִסְפַּ֖ר יְמֵ֥י חַיֵּיהֶֽם׃ | I purposed in my heart to invigorate my body with wine, yet familiarizing my heart with wisdom, and to lay hold of foolishness until I had seen what was good for the sons of Adam, for them to do under heaven for the number of the days of their life. | body ← flesh. |
| Eccl 2:4 | הִגְדַּ֖לְתִּי מַעֲשָׂ֑י בָּנִ֤יתִי לִי֙ בָּתִּ֔ים נָטַ֥עְתִּי לִ֖י כְּרָמִֽים׃ | I was great in my works – I built myself houses; I planted myself vineyards. | was great ← did great (things). |
| Eccl 2:5 | עָשִׂ֣יתִי לִ֔י גַּנּ֖וֹת וּפַרְדֵּסִ֑ים וְנָטַ֥עְתִּי בָהֶ֖ם עֵ֥ץ כָּל־פֶּֽרִי׃ | I made gardens for myself, and parks, and I planted all kinds of fruit trees in them. | all kinds of fruit trees ← trees of all (kinds of) fruit. |
| Eccl 2:6 | עָשִׂ֥יתִי לִ֖י בְּרֵכ֣וֹת מָ֑יִם לְהַשְׁק֣וֹת מֵהֶ֔ם יַ֖עַר צוֹמֵ֥חַ עֵצִֽים׃ | I made pools of water for myself, with which to irrigate the orchard where the trees were growing. | the orchard where the trees were growing ← the growing orchard / forest of trees. |
| Eccl 2:7 | קָנִ֙יתִי֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים וּשְׁפָח֔וֹת וּבְנֵי־בַ֖יִת הָ֣יָה לִ֑י גַּ֣ם מִקְנֶה֩ בָקָ֨ר וָצֹ֤אן הַרְבֵּה֙ הָ֣יָה לִ֔י מִכֹּ֛ל שֶֽׁהָי֥וּ לְפָנַ֖י בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | I acquired menservants and maidservants, and I had servants born in the household; I also had much livestock – oxen and sheep – more than anything there had been in Jerusalem before me. | anything ← everything. |
| Eccl 2:8 | כָּנַ֤סְתִּי לִי֙ גַּם־כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וּסְגֻלַּ֥ת מְלָכִ֖ים וְהַמְּדִינ֑וֹת עָשִׂ֨יתִי לִ֜י שָׁרִ֣ים וְשָׁר֗וֹת וְתַעֲנוּגֹ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם שִׁדָּ֥ה וְשִׁדּֽוֹת׃ | I also collected for myself silver and gold and what is particular to kings and states. I acquired for myself men singers and women singers and the delights of the sons of Adam, and mistresses one after another. |
states: or jurisdiction.
mistresses one after another ← a mistress and mistresses. AV differs (musical instruments). |
| Eccl 2:9 | וְגָדַ֣לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֔פְתִּי מִכֹּ֛ל שֶׁהָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אַ֥ף חָכְמָתִ֖י עָ֥מְדָה לִּֽי׃ | And I became great and surpassed everyone who was before me in Jerusalem, and my wisdom stood me in good stead. | |
| Eccl 2:10 | וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָֽׁאֲל֣וּ עֵינַ֔י לֹ֥א אָצַ֖לְתִּי מֵהֶ֑ם לֹֽא־מָנַ֨עְתִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֜י מִכָּל־שִׂמְחָ֗ה כִּֽי־לִבִּ֤י שָׂמֵ֙חַ֙ מִכָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י וְזֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה חֶלְקִ֖י מִכָּל־עֲמָלִֽי׃ |
And I did not deny my eyes anything they asked for; I did not refuse my heart any pleasure, For my heart obtained joy from all my toil, And this was my portion of all my toil. |
anything ... any ← everything ... everything ... everything. |
| Eccl 2:11 | וּפָנִ֣יתִֽי אֲנִ֗י בְּכָל־מַעֲשַׂי֙ שֶֽׁעָשׂ֣וּ יָדַ֔י וּבֶֽעָמָ֖ל שֶׁעָמַ֣לְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֙בֶל֙ וּרְע֣וּת ר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֥ין יִתְר֖וֹן תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
And I turned to all my works Which my hands had made, And to the toil which I had toiled at by working, And behold, it was all vanity and idle pursuit, And there was no benefit under the sun. |
by working: gerundial use of the infinitive.
idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 2:12 | וּפָנִ֤יתִֽי אֲנִי֙ לִרְא֣וֹת חָכְמָ֔ה וְהוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְסִכְל֑וּת כִּ֣י ׀ מֶ֣ה הָאָדָ֗ם שֶׁיָּבוֹא֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־כְּבָ֖ר עָשֽׂוּהוּ׃ |
And I turned to look into wisdom, And folly and foolishness, For what will the man who comes after the king do? Something that they have already done. |
|
| Eccl 2:13 | וְרָאִ֣יתִי אָ֔נִי שֶׁיֵּ֥שׁ יִתְר֛וֹן לַֽחָכְמָ֖ה מִן־הַסִּכְל֑וּת כִּֽיתְר֥וֹן הָא֖וֹר מִן־הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃ |
And I saw that wisdom has more benefit than foolishness, As light has more benefit than darkness. |
|
| Eccl 2:14 | הֶֽחָכָם֙ עֵינָ֣יו בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהַכְּסִ֖יל בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ הוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
The wise man has his eyes in his head, But the fool walks in darkness. And I myself know that one event Takes place with all of them. |
|
| Eccl 2:15 | וְאָמַ֨רְתִּֽי אֲנִ֜י בְּלִבִּ֗י כְּמִקְרֵ֤ה הַכְּסִיל֙ גַּם־אֲנִ֣י יִקְרֵ֔נִי וְלָ֧מָּה חָכַ֛מְתִּי אֲנִ֖י אָ֣ז יוֹתֵ֑ר וְדִבַּ֣רְתִּי בְלִבִּ֔י שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ |
And I said in my heart, ‘As is the event with the fool, So it will happen to me too. So why then should I become wiser still?’ And I concluded That this too was vanity. |
concluded ← said in my heart. |
| Eccl 2:16 | כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין זִכְר֧וֹן לֶחָכָ֛ם עִֽם־הַכְּסִ֖יל לְעוֹלָ֑ם בְּשֶׁכְּבָ֞ר הַיָּמִ֤ים הַבָּאִים֙ הַכֹּ֣ל נִשְׁכָּ֔ח וְאֵ֛יךְ יָמ֥וּת הֶחָכָ֖ם עִֽם־הַכְּסִֽיל׃ |
For there is no age-abiding remembrance of the wise Any more than of the fool, In that the days are already coming When everything will be forgotten. And how will the wise man die? With the fool. |
any more than of ← with. |
| Eccl 2:17 | וְשָׂנֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים כִּ֣י רַ֤ע עָלַי֙ הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּֽי־הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ | And I hated life. For the matter which was done under the sun was baneful to me, because everything is vanity and idle pursuit. | idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 2:18 | וְשָׂנֵ֤אתִֽי אֲנִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶׁאֲנִ֥י עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁ֣אַנִּיחֶ֔נּוּ לָאָדָ֖ם שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽי׃ | And I hated all my toil which I had toiled at under the sun, which I will leave to the man who comes after me. | comes ← will be. |
| Eccl 2:19 | וּמִ֣י יוֹדֵ֗עַ הֶֽחָכָ֤ם יִהְיֶה֙ א֣וֹ סָכָ֔ל וְיִשְׁלַט֙ בְּכָל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶֽׁעָמַ֥לְתִּי וְשֶׁחָכַ֖מְתִּי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ | And who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool when he rules over all my toil which I have toiled at, and which I was wise in under the sun? This too is vanity. | |
| Eccl 2:20 | וְסַבּ֥וֹתִֽי אֲנִ֖י לְיַאֵ֣שׁ אֶת־לִבִּ֑י עַ֚ל כָּל־הֶ֣עָמָ֔ל שֶׁעָמַ֖לְתִּי תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Then I had reason to let my heart despair of all the toil which I had toiled at under the sun. | I had reason ← I turned. AV differs somewhat (I went about to cause). |
| Eccl 2:21 | כִּי־יֵ֣שׁ אָדָ֗ם שֶׁעֲמָל֛וֹ בְּחָכְמָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכִשְׁר֑וֹן וּלְאָדָ֞ם שֶׁלֹּ֤א עָֽמַל־בּוֹ֙ יִתְּנֶ֣נּוּ חֶלְק֔וֹ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וְרָעָ֥ה רַבָּֽה׃ | For there is one man whose toil is in wisdom and knowledge and skill, but to another who has not toiled in this way he will legate a share. This too is vanity and a great evil. | legate a share ← give his share. |
| Eccl 2:22 | כִּ֠י מֶֽה־הֹוֶ֤ה לָֽאָדָם֙ בְּכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ וּבְרַעְי֖וֹן לִבּ֑וֹ שֶׁה֥וּא עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | For what accrues to a man in all his toil and in his pursuit of his heart's desire at which he toils under the sun? | |
| Eccl 2:23 | כִּ֧י כָל־יָמָ֣יו מַכְאֹבִ֗ים וָכַ֙עַס֙ עִנְיָנ֔וֹ גַּם־בַּלַּ֖יְלָה לֹא־שָׁכַ֣ב לִבּ֑ו גַּם־זֶ֖ה הֶ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃ | For all his days are sorrows, and his affairs are an irritation. Moreover his heart does not rest at night. This too is vanity. |
affairs are ← affair is.
rest ← lie down. |
| Eccl 2:24 | אֵֽין־ט֤וֹב בָּאָדָם֙ שֶׁיֹּאכַ֣ל וְשָׁתָ֔ה וְהֶרְאָ֧ה אֶת־נַפְשׁ֛וֹ ט֖וֹב בַּעֲמָל֑וֹ גַּם־זֹה֙ רָאִ֣יתִי אָ֔נִי כִּ֛י מִיַּ֥ד הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽיא׃ | There is nothing good in the fact that a man eats and drinks and provides himself with good things in his toil. I have seen this too – that it is from the hand of God. |
good in the fact: others have better than, but there is no mark of a comparative, unlike Eccl 5:4 (Eccl 5:5AV) with a mem. [BDB] proposes, with others, adding a mem to the text, reading מִשֶּיֺאכַל, which we do not accept.
himself ← his soul. |
| Eccl 2:25 | כִּ֣י מִ֥י יֹאכַ֛ל וּמִ֥י יָח֖וּשׁ ח֥וּץ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | For who eats and who experiences pleasure more than me? |
more than me: or, if the reader prefers, more than I. [AnLx] has except me, as in Modern Hebrew.
The suggestion is that even with all his pleasures, Solomon finds nothing good in the situation. |
| Eccl 2:26 | כִּ֤י לְאָדָם֙ שֶׁטּ֣וֹב לְפָנָ֔יו נָתַ֛ן חָכְמָ֥ה וְדַ֖עַת וְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וְלַחוֹטֶא֩ נָתַ֨ן עִנְיָ֜ן לֶאֱס֣וֹף וְלִכְנ֗וֹס לָתֵת֙ לְטוֹב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ | For he gives a man who is good in his sight wisdom and knowledge and joy, but to the sinner he gives a task of gathering and collecting things, to give to a good man before God. This too is vanity and idle pursuit. |
in his sight ← before him.
but: adversative use of the vav. of gathering and collecting: gerundial use of the infinitives. idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 3:1 | לַכֹּ֖ל זְמָ֑ן וְעֵ֥ת לְכָל־חֵ֖פֶץ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ ס |
There is a time for everything, And a season for every concern under heaven. |
concern: or delight. |
| Eccl 3:2 | עֵ֥ת לָלֶ֖דֶת וְעֵ֣ת לָמ֑וּת עֵ֣ת לָטַ֔עַת וְעֵ֖ת לַעֲק֥וֹר נָטֽוּעַ׃ |
A time to bear children, And a time to die; A time to plant, And a time to uproot that which has been planted; |
to bear children: many others, to be born, but the verb (in qal) is always transitive. |
| Eccl 3:3 | עֵ֤ת לַהֲרוֹג֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִרְפּ֔וֹא עֵ֥ת לִפְר֖וֹץ וְעֵ֥ת לִבְנֽוֹת׃ |
A time to kill, And a time to heal; A time to demolish, And a time to build; |
|
| Eccl 3:4 | עֵ֤ת לִבְכּוֹת֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂח֔וֹק עֵ֥ת סְפ֖וֹד וְעֵ֥ת רְקֽוֹד׃ |
A time to weep, And a time to laugh; A time to mourn, And a time to dance; |
|
| Eccl 3:5 | עֵ֚ת לְהַשְׁלִ֣יךְ אֲבָנִ֔ים וְעֵ֖ת כְּנ֣וֹס אֲבָנִ֑ים עֵ֣ת לַחֲב֔וֹק וְעֵ֖ת לִרְחֹ֥ק מֵחַבֵּֽק׃ |
A time to throw stones, And a time to gather stones; A time to embrace, And a time to be far from embracing; |
|
| Eccl 3:6 | עֵ֤ת לְבַקֵּשׁ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לְאַבֵּ֔ד עֵ֥ת לִשְׁמ֖וֹר וְעֵ֥ת לְהַשְׁלִֽיךְ׃ |
A time to demand, And a time to forego; A time to keep, And a time to throw away; |
|
| Eccl 3:7 | עֵ֤ת לִקְר֙וֹעַ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִתְפּ֔וֹר עֵ֥ת לַחֲשׁ֖וֹת וְעֵ֥ת לְדַבֵּֽר׃ |
A time to tear, And a time to sew; A time to be silent, And a time to speak; |
|
| Eccl 3:8 | עֵ֤ת לֶֽאֱהֹב֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂנֹ֔א עֵ֥ת מִלְחָמָ֖ה וְעֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם׃ ס |
A time to love, And a time to hate; A time for war, And a time for peace. |
|
| Eccl 3:9 | מַה־יִּתְרוֹן֙ הָֽעוֹשֶׂ֔ה בַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר ה֥וּא עָמֵֽל׃ | What is the benefit to the maker of what he toils at? | |
| Eccl 3:10 | רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָֽעִנְיָ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ׃ | I have seen the task which God has given to the sons of Adam to be exercised by. | |
| Eccl 3:11 | אֶת־הַכֹּ֥ל עָשָׂ֖ה יָפֶ֣ה בְעִתּ֑וֹ גַּ֤ם אֶת־הָעֹלָם֙ נָתַ֣ן בְּלִבָּ֔ם מִבְּלִ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יִמְצָ֣א הָאָדָ֗ם אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵרֹ֥אשׁ וְעַד־סֽוֹף׃ | He has made everything beautiful in its season; he has also put the world into their heart, because of man's failure to find the work which God has done from the beginning to the end. |
world ← age. [BDB] includes age of the world. [Ges-HCL] includes world, and by extension worldly things.
because of man's failure ← for lack of that man has not found (implicit double negative, lack ... not). |
| Eccl 3:12 | יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין ט֖וֹב בָּ֑ם כִּ֣י אִם־לִשְׂמ֔וֹחַ וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ט֖וֹב בְּחַיָּֽיו׃ | I know that there is no good in them, except to rejoice and to do good in one's life, | |
| Eccl 3:13 | וְגַ֤ם כָּל־הָאָדָם֙ שֶׁיֹּאכַ֣ל וְשָׁתָ֔ה וְרָאָ֥ה ט֖וֹב בְּכָל־עֲמָל֑וֹ מַתַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽיא׃ | and also for every man to eat and drink and to see the good in all his toil – it is the gift of God. | |
| Eccl 3:14 | יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֠י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה הָאֱלֹהִים֙ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְעוֹלָ֔ם עָלָיו֙ אֵ֣ין לְהוֹסִ֔יף וּמִמֶּ֖נּוּ אֵ֣ין לִגְרֹ֑עַ וְהָאֱלֹהִ֣ים עָשָׂ֔ה שֶׁיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִלְּפָנָֽיו׃ | I know that everything that God does will be age-abiding. There is nothing to add to it, and there is nothing to take away from it, and God made it so that men should fear in his presence. | |
| Eccl 3:15 | מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לִהְי֖וֹת כְּבָ֣ר הָיָ֑ה וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־נִרְדָּֽף׃ |
That which has been is still here, And that which is to be has already been. And God demands an account Of what has been pursued. |
|
| Eccl 3:16 | וְע֥וֹד רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מְק֤וֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ שָׁ֣מָּה הָרֶ֔שַׁע וּמְק֥וֹם הַצֶּ֖דֶק שָׁ֥מָּה הָרָֽשַׁע׃ |
And I saw more under the sun,
In the place of justice, There there was wickedness, And in the place of righteousness, There there was wickedness. |
there there was wickedness (2x): otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 3:17 | אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י אֶת־הַצַּדִּיק֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣רָשָׁ֔ע יִשְׁפֹּ֖ט הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּי־עֵ֣ת לְכָל־חֵ֔פֶץ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה שָֽׁם׃ |
I said in my heart,
‘God will judge the righteous and the wicked. For there is a time for every concern, And then for every work.’ |
concern: see Eccl 3:1.
then: the far more common meaning is there. |
| Eccl 3:18 | אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י עַל־דִּבְרַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם לְבָרָ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְלִרְא֕וֹת שְׁהֶם־בְּהֵמָ֥ה הֵ֖מָּה לָהֶֽם׃ | I said in my heart, ‘It is because of the behaviour of the sons of Adam, that God will examine them and see whether they are beasts towards each other.’ |
and see: AV differs (that they might see).
towards each other ← they to them. |
| Eccl 3:19 | כִּי֩ מִקְרֶ֨ה בְֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֜ם וּמִקְרֶ֣ה הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּמִקְרֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לָהֶ֔ם כְּמ֥וֹת זֶה֙ כֵּ֣ן מ֣וֹת זֶ֔ה וְר֥וּחַ אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וּמוֹתַ֨ר הָאָדָ֤ם מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה֙ אָ֔יִן כִּ֥י הַכֹּ֖ל הָֽבֶל׃ | Because the sons of Adam are subject to an event, and cattle are subject to an event, and they share one event. As is the death of one, so is the death of the other, and all have one breath, and there is no superiority of man over the cattle, for everything is vanity. | |
| Eccl 3:20 | הַכֹּ֥ל הוֹלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־מָק֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד הַכֹּל֙ הָיָ֣ה מִן־הֶֽעָפָ֔ר וְהַכֹּ֖ל שָׁ֥ב אֶל־הֶעָפָֽר׃ | All go to one place, all came from the dust and all return to the dust. | |
| Eccl 3:21 | מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֗עַ ר֚וּחַ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם הָעֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֙וּחַ֙ הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה הַיֹּרֶ֥דֶת הִ֖יא לְמַ֥טָּה לָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Who knows the spirit of the sons of Adam, which goes up, and the spirit of cattle which goes down to the earth? | which goes up ... which goes down: a possible amendment by the Sopherim, but, [CB], not in the official list. We do not reverse this alleged change. See [CB] at the verse and App. 33. MT points ↴ |
| Eccl 3:22 | וְרָאִ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין טוֹב֙ מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׂמַ֤ח הָאָדָם֙ בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יו כִּי־ה֖וּא חֶלְק֑וֹ כִּ֣י מִ֤י יְבִיאֶ֙נּוּ֙ לִרְא֔וֹת בְּמֶ֖ה שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And I saw that there is nothing better than that man should rejoice in his works, for that is his apportionment. For who can bring him to look at what will take place after him? | ↳ as the Hebrew article, הַ; the claim is that the original was as the interrogative particle, הֲ, so reading whether it goes up ... whether it goes down. |
| Eccl 4:1 | וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃ |
So I returned, and I saw all the oppressions which are perpetrated under the sun.
And what I saw was the tear of the oppressed, Who have no comforter, While from the hand of those who oppress them comes force. And they have no comforter. |
what I saw was ← behold. |
| Eccl 4:2 | וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃ |
Then I praised the dead, Who have already died, More than the living, Who are still alive. |
|
| Eccl 4:3 | וְטוֹב֙ מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶ֖ן לֹ֣א הָיָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה הָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Yet better than both is he Who has not yet come into being, Who has not seen the wicked work Which has been done under the sun. |
|
| Eccl 4:4 | וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ | And I saw all the toil and all the skill applied to the work, for it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour. This too is vanity and idle pursuit. |
rivalry ← zeal.
idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 4:5 | הַכְּסִיל֙ חֹבֵ֣ק אֶת־יָדָ֔יו וְאֹכֵ֖ל אֶת־בְּשָׂרֽוֹ׃ |
The fool folds his arms And eats his own flesh. |
folds his arms ← embraces his hands. |
| Eccl 4:6 | ט֕וֹב מְלֹ֥א כַ֖ף נָ֑חַת מִמְּלֹ֥א חָפְנַ֛יִם עָמָ֖ל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ |
A handful in quiet is better Than two fistfuls in toil and idle pursuit. |
idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 4:7 | וְשַׁ֧בְתִּי אֲנִ֛י וָאֶרְאֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Then I returned and saw vanity under the sun. | |
| Eccl 4:8 | יֵ֣שׁ אֶחָד֩ וְאֵ֨ין שֵׁנִ֜י גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ן וָאָ֣ח אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין קֵץ֙ לְכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ גַּם־*עיניו **עֵינ֖וֹ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁר וּלְמִ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י עָמֵ֗ל וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר אֶת־נַפְשִׁי֙ מִטּוֹבָ֔ה גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֛בֶל וְעִנְיַ֥ן רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃ |
There is a certain man, And there is no-one in his company, Neither does he have son or brother, And there is no end to all his toil, Nor is his eye satisfied with riches. And he says, ‘For whom do I toil, And deprive myself of goodness?’ This too is vanity, And it is a bad state of affairs. |
is his eye: the ketiv has eyes, but with a singular verb.
a certain ← one. no-one in his company ← no second. myself ← my soul. |
| Eccl 4:9 | טוֹבִ֥ים הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם מִן־הָאֶחָ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵשׁ־לָהֶ֛ם שָׂכָ֥ר ט֖וֹב בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃ |
Two are better than one, In that they have good wages for their toil. |
|
| Eccl 4:10 | כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ |
For if they fall, One will get his colleague up. But alas for one on his own who falls When there is no other to get him up. |
other ← second. |
| Eccl 4:11 | גַּ֛ם אִם־יִשְׁכְּב֥וּ שְׁנַ֖יִם וְחַ֣ם לָהֶ֑ם וּלְאֶחָ֖ד אֵ֥יךְ יֵחָֽם׃ |
Also if two lie down together Then they have warmth. But how will one on his own Become warm? |
|
| Eccl 4:12 | וְאִֽם־יִתְקְפוֹ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם יַעַמְד֣וּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ וְהַחוּט֙ הַֽמְשֻׁלָּ֔שׁ לֹ֥א בִמְהֵרָ֖ה יִנָּתֵֽק׃ |
If anyone would overpower the one, Two will stand against him. And a triple thread Is not quickly broken. |
|
| Eccl 4:13 | ט֛וֹב יֶ֥לֶד מִסְכֵּ֖ן וְחָכָ֑ם מִמֶּ֤לֶךְ זָקֵן֙ וּכְסִ֔יל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יָדַ֥ע לְהִזָּהֵ֖ר עֽוֹד׃ |
It is better to be a poor but wise child Than an old and foolish king Who no longer knows how to receive admonition. |
|
| Eccl 4:14 | כִּֽי־מִבֵּ֥ית הָסוּרִ֖ים יָצָ֣א לִמְלֹ֑ךְ כִּ֛י גַּ֥ם בְּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ נוֹלַ֥ד רָֽשׁ׃ |
For he comes out of prison to reign, But also in his kingdom A poor man is born. |
|
| Eccl 4:15 | רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים הַֽמְהַלְּכִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עִ֚ם הַיֶּ֣לֶד הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ |
I have seen all who are alive, Walking under the sun, With the heir apparent Who will succeed him. |
heir apparent ← second child.
succeed ← stand instead of. |
| Eccl 4:16 | אֵֽין־קֵ֣ץ לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם גַּ֥ם הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יִשְׂמְחוּ־ב֑וֹ כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וְרַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃ |
There is no end to all the people – To all who were before them – Neither will the latter ones rejoice in him, For this too is vanity and idle pursuit. |
idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 4:17 Eccl 5:1AV |
שְׁמֹ֣ר *רגליך **רַגְלְךָ֗ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּלֵךְ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקָר֣וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ מִתֵּ֥ת הַכְּסִילִ֖ים זָ֑בַח כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם יוֹדְעִ֖ים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃ | Mind your {K: feet} [Q: foot] when you go into the house of God, and be near so as to hear, rather than to let fools give a sacrifice, for they do not know anything other than doing wrong. | doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs in this clause (they consider not that they do evil). |
| Eccl 5:1 Eccl 5:2AV |
אַל־תְּבַהֵ֨ל עַל־פִּ֜יךָ וְלִבְּךָ֧ אַל־יְמַהֵ֛ר לְהוֹצִ֥יא דָבָ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים בַּשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְאַתָּ֣ה עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַֽל־כֵּ֛ן יִהְי֥וּ דְבָרֶ֖יךָ מְעַטִּֽים׃ |
Do not be rash with your mouth, And do not let your heart be hasty in uttering a word in God's presence, For God is in heaven, But you are on the earth, So let your words be few. |
in uttering: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Eccl 5:2 Eccl 5:3AV |
כִּ֛י בָּ֥א הַחֲל֖וֹם בְּרֹ֣ב עִנְיָ֑ן וְק֥וֹל כְּסִ֖יל בְּרֹ֥ב דְּבָרִֽים׃ |
For a dream comes with much to occupy one, But the voice of the fool Comes with many words. |
to occupy one ← occupation. |
| Eccl 5:3 Eccl 5:4AV |
כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ תִּדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר לֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים אַל־תְּאַחֵר֙ לְשַׁלְּמ֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין חֵ֖פֶץ בַּכְּסִילִ֑ים אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּדֹּ֖ר שַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
When you make a vow to God, Do not be late in fulfilling it, For there is no pleasure in fools. What you have vowed, fulfil! |
make a vow ← vow a vow.
in fulfilling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Eccl 5:4 Eccl 5:5AV |
ט֖וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־תִדֹּ֑ר מִשֶׁתִּדּ֖וֹר וְלֹ֥א תְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ |
It is better for you not to make a vow Than to vow but not fulfil. |
to vow but not fulfil ← that you vow, but you do not fulfil. |
| Eccl 5:5 Eccl 5:6AV |
אַל־תִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ לַחֲטִ֣יא אֶת־בְּשָׂרֶ֔ךָ וְאַל־תֹּאמַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמַּלְאָ֔ךְ כִּ֥י שְׁגָגָ֖ה הִ֑יא לָ֣מָּה יִקְצֹ֤ף הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־קוֹלֶ֔ךָ וְחִבֵּ֖ל אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃ | Do not let your mouth cause you to commit carnal sin, and do not say in the presence of an angel that it was a sin through ignorance. Why should God become angry at your utterance and destroy the work of your hands? |
cause you to commit carnal sin ← cause your flesh to sin.
utterance ← voice. |
| Eccl 5:6 Eccl 5:7AV |
כִּ֣י בְרֹ֤ב חֲלֹמוֹת֙ וַהֲבָלִ֔ים וּדְבָרִ֖ים הַרְבֵּ֑ה כִּ֥י אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יְרָֽא׃ | For in many dreams there are many vain things, as in many words. But fear God. | |
| Eccl 5:7 Eccl 5:8AV |
אִם־עֹ֣שֶׁק רָ֠שׁ וְגֵ֨זֶל מִשְׁפָּ֤ט וָצֶ֙דֶק֙ תִּרְאֶ֣ה בַמְּדִינָ֔ה אַל־תִּתְמַ֖הּ עַל־הַחֵ֑פֶץ כִּ֣י גָבֹ֜הַּ מֵעַ֤ל גָּבֹ֙הַ֙ שֹׁמֵ֔ר וּגְבֹהִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | If you see oppression of the impoverished, and wresting of justice and righteousness in a state, do not be surprised at the matter, for there is high rank watching over high rank, and higher ranks above them. |
surprised ← amazed.
watching ← guarding. higher ← high. |
| Eccl 5:8 Eccl 5:9AV |
וְיִתְר֥וֹן אֶ֖רֶץ בַּכֹּ֣ל *היא **ה֑וּא מֶ֥לֶךְ לְשָׂדֶ֖ה נֶעֱבָֽד׃ | And the benefit of the earth is for all. The king is served by the field. | is: the word is represented by a feminine pronoun in the ketiv, and a masculine one in the qeré. But it does not qualify for non-italicization; see the Introduction. |
| Eccl 5:9 Eccl 5:10AV |
אֹהֵ֥ב כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹא־יִשְׂבַּ֣ע כֶּ֔סֶף וּמִֽי־אֹהֵ֥ב בֶּהָמ֖וֹן לֹ֣א תְבוּאָ֑ה גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ |
He who loves money Will never be satisfied with money, Nor will he who loves wealth be satisfied with profit. This too is vanity. |
money (2x): or silver, but when not associated with gold, it is likely to mean money, which in any case involved silver coins. The repetition is otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 5:10 Eccl 5:11AV |
בִּרְבוֹת֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה רַבּ֖וּ אוֹכְלֶ֑יהָ וּמַה־כִּשְׁרוֹן֙ לִבְעָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֖י אִם־*ראית **רְא֥וּת עֵינָֽיו׃ |
With an increase in good things Comes an increase in those that eat them, So what is the advantage to their owner Except a sight for his eyes? |
a sight: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Eccl 5:11 Eccl 5:12AV |
מְתוּקָה֙ שְׁנַ֣ת הָעֹבֵ֔ד אִם־מְעַ֥ט וְאִם־הַרְבֵּ֖ה יֹאכֵ֑ל וְהַשָּׂבָע֙ לֶֽעָשִׁ֔יר אֵינֶ֛נּוּ מַנִּ֥יחַֽ ל֖וֹ לִישֽׁוֹן׃ |
The workman's sleep is sweet Whether he eats little or much, But the abundance of the rich man Does not permit him to sleep. |
|
| Eccl 5:12 Eccl 5:13AV |
יֵ֚שׁ רָעָ֣ה חוֹלָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עֹ֛שֶׁר שָׁמ֥וּר לִבְעָלָ֖יו לְרָעָתֽוֹ׃ |
There is a grievous injustice That I have seen under the sun: Riches kept by their owner To his detriment. |
grievous injustice ← sick evil. |
| Eccl 5:13 Eccl 5:14AV |
וְאָבַ֛ד הָעֹ֥שֶׁר הַה֖וּא בְּעִנְיַ֣ן רָ֑ע וְהוֹלִ֣יד בֵּ֔ן וְאֵ֥ין בְּיָד֖וֹ מְאֽוּמָה׃ |
Then those riches are lost In a calamitous affair, And he begets a son But has nothing in his hand. |
|
| Eccl 5:14 Eccl 5:15AV |
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָצָא֙ מִבֶּ֣טֶן אִמּ֔וֹ עָר֛וֹם יָשׁ֥וּב לָלֶ֖כֶת כְּשֶׁבָּ֑א וּמְא֙וּמָה֙ לֹא־יִשָּׂ֣א בַעֲמָל֔וֹ שֶׁיֹּלֵ֖ךְ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ |
As when he came out of his mother's womb – Naked – so he will return, Going as he came, And he will not take any of his toil with him Which he might take in his hand. |
Compare the verse to Job 1:21.
take ← lead (away). |
| Eccl 5:15 Eccl 5:16AV |
וְגַם־זֹה֙ רָעָ֣ה חוֹלָ֔ה כָּל־עֻמַּ֥ת שֶׁבָּ֖א כֵּ֣ן יֵלֵ֑ךְ וּמַה־יִּתְר֣וֹן ל֔וֹ שֶֽׁיַּעֲמֹ֖ל לָרֽוּחַ׃ |
And this too is a grievous injustice: In exactly the same way that he comes, so he goes. So what benefit does he have By toiling for the wind? |
grievous injustice: see Eccl 5:12 (Eccl 5:13AV).
in exactly the same way that ← all over against (how) that. |
| Eccl 5:16 Eccl 5:17AV |
גַּ֥ם כָּל־יָמָ֖יו בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יֹאכֵ֑ל וְכָעַ֥ס הַרְבֵּ֖ה וְחָלְי֥וֹ וָקָֽצֶף׃ |
Moreover all his days he eats in darkness And is much grieved And is sick and angry. |
is sick and angry ← and his sickness and anger. |
| Eccl 5:17 Eccl 5:18AV |
הִנֵּ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֣יתִי אָ֗נִי ט֣וֹב אֲשֶׁר־יָפֶ֣ה לֶֽאֶכוֹל־וְ֠לִשְׁתּוֹת וְלִרְא֨וֹת טוֹבָ֜ה בְּכָל־עֲמָל֣וֹ ׀ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹ֣ל תַּֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ מִסְפַּ֧ר יְמֵי־*חיו **חַיָּ֛יו אֲשֶׁר־נָֽתַן־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ה֥וּא חֶלְקֽוֹ׃ | Behold what I have seen. It is right that it is pleasant to eat and drink and to see goodness in all one's toil which one toils at under the sun for the number of days of one's life which God gives him, for that is his apportionment. |
life: the ketiv is a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
what I have seen: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. right that: AV differs (good and). |
| Eccl 5:18 Eccl 5:19AV |
גַּ֣ם כָּֽל־הָאָדָ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָֽתַן־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֩ עֹ֨שֶׁר וּנְכָסִ֜ים וְהִשְׁלִיט֨וֹ לֶאֱכֹ֤ל מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וְלָשֵׂ֣את אֶת־חֶלְק֔וֹ וְלִשְׂמֹ֖חַ בַּעֲמָל֑וֹ זֹ֕ה מַתַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽיא׃ | Also as regards every man to whom God has given riches and property and has allowed him to eat from them, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his toil – this is a gift of God. | allowed him ← given him rule. |
| Eccl 5:19 Eccl 5:20AV |
כִּ֚י לֹ֣א הַרְבֵּ֔ה יִזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑יו כִּ֧י הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים מַעֲנֶ֖ה בְּשִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽוֹ׃ | For one will not remember the days of his life much, for it is God who causes a response in the joy of his heart. | |
| Eccl 6:1 | יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְרַבָּ֥ה הִ֖יא עַל־הָאָדָֽם׃ | There is an injustice which I have seen under the sun, and it is severe among mankind, | severe among ← great at. |
| Eccl 6:2 | אִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִ֡ים עֹשֶׁר֩ וּנְכָסִ֨ים וְכָב֜וֹד וְֽאֵינֶ֨נּוּ חָסֵ֥ר לְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ ׀ מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִתְאַוֶּ֗ה וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁלִיטֶ֤נּוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ נָכְרִ֖י יֹֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ זֶ֥ה הֶ֛בֶל וָחֳלִ֥י רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃ | about a man to whom God has given riches and property and honour, and whose heart does not lack anything he could wish for, but God does not allow him to eat from it, but a foreigner eats it. This is vanity and a grievous injustice. |
heart ← soul.
anything ← everything. injustice ← sickness, but also affliction, grief, calamity. |
| Eccl 6:3 | אִם־יוֹלִ֣יד אִ֣ישׁ מֵאָ֡ה וְשָׁנִים֩ רַבּ֨וֹת יִֽחְיֶ֜ה וְרַ֣ב ׀ שֶׁיִּהְי֣וּ יְמֵֽי־שָׁנָ֗יו וְנַפְשׁוֹ֙ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע מִן־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וְגַם־קְבוּרָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֣יְתָה לּ֑וֹ אָמַ֕רְתִּי ט֥וֹב מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הַנָּֽפֶל׃ | If a man begets a hundred children and lives for many years, and many are the days of his years, but his heart is not satisfied with the goodness, and also if he does not have a burial, I say that a miscarriage would have been better than that. |
heart ← soul.
than that ← than it / he. |
| Eccl 6:4 | כִּֽי־בַהֶ֥בֶל בָּ֖א וּבַחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יֵלֵ֑ךְ וּבַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ שְׁמ֥וֹ יְכֻסֶּֽה׃ | For he arrives in vanity and departs in darkness, and in darkness his name is covered. | darkness ... darkness: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 6:5 | גַּם־שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ לֹא־רָאָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע נַ֥חַת לָזֶ֖ה מִזֶּֽה׃ | And he did not see the sun or know about it. This one has more rest than the former. | this ... the former ← this ... this. |
| Eccl 6:6 | וְאִלּ֣וּ חָיָ֗ה אֶ֤לֶף שָׁנִים֙ פַּעֲמַ֔יִם וְטוֹבָ֖ה לֹ֣א רָאָ֑ה הֲלֹ֛א אֶל־מָק֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד הַכֹּ֥ל הוֹלֵֽךְ׃ | And even if he were to live a thousand years twice over but did not see goodness, is it not still the case that all go to the same place? | the same ← one. |
| Eccl 6:7 | כָּל־עֲמַ֥ל הָאָדָ֖ם לְפִ֑יהוּ וְגַם־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ לֹ֥א תִמָּלֵֽא׃ |
All man's toil is for his mouth, But his heart is nevertheless not fulfilled. |
heart ← soul.
nevertheless ← also, but the word can be adversative; compare 2 Sam 12:13. |
| Eccl 6:8 | כִּ֛י מַה־יּוֹתֵ֥ר לֶחָכָ֖ם מִֽן־הַכְּסִ֑יל מַה־לֶּעָנִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ לַהֲלֹ֖ךְ נֶ֥גֶד הַחַיִּֽים׃ |
For what does a wise man have More than a fool? And what advantage does a poor man have, Knowing how to walk before the living? |
|
| Eccl 6:9 | ט֛וֹב מַרְאֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם מֵֽהֲלָךְ־נָ֑פֶשׁ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃ |
A sight seen by the eyes is better Than a wandering mind. This too is vanity and idle pursuit. |
mind ← soul.
idle pursuit: see Eccl 1:14. |
| Eccl 6:10 | מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָ֗ה כְּבָר֙ נִקְרָ֣א שְׁמ֔וֹ וְנוֹדָ֖ע אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא אָדָ֑ם וְלֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לָדִ֔ין עִ֥ם *שהתקיף **שֶׁתַּקִּ֖יף מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ |
What has taken place Has already been called by its name. And it is known that it is Adam, And that he cannot contend With him who is more powerful than he. |
him who is more powerful: the ketiv has a double relative (שֶׁהַתַּקִּיף). A hiphil pointing seems unlikely. |
| Eccl 6:11 | כִּ֛י יֵשׁ־דְּבָרִ֥ים הַרְבֵּ֖ה מַרְבִּ֣ים הָ֑בֶל מַה־יֹּתֵ֖ר לָאָדָֽם׃ |
For there are many things that increase vanity, But what is the advantage to man? |
|
| Eccl 6:12 | כִּ֣י מִֽי־יוֹדֵעַ֩ מַה־טּ֨וֹב לָֽאָדָ֜ם בַּֽחַיִּ֗ים מִסְפַּ֛ר יְמֵי־חַיֵּ֥י הֶבְל֖וֹ וְיַעֲשֵׂ֣ם כַּצֵּ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ מִֽי־יַגִּ֣יד לָֽאָדָ֔ם מַה־יִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָ֖יו תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | For who knows what is good for man in life in the number of the days of his vain life which he spends like a shadow? Who can tell a man what will take place after him under the sun? |
his vain life ← the life of his vanity, a Hebraic genitive.
spends ← does. |
| Eccl 7:1 | ט֥וֹב שֵׁ֖ם מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן ט֑וֹב וְי֣וֹם הַמָּ֔וֶת מִיּ֖וֹם הִוָּלְדֽוֹ׃ |
A reputation is better than fine oil, And the day of death than the day of one's birth. |
|
| Eccl 7:2 | ט֞וֹב לָלֶ֣כֶת אֶל־בֵּֽית־אֵ֗בֶל מִלֶּ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה בַּאֲשֶׁ֕ר ה֖וּא ס֣וֹף כָּל־הָאָדָ֑ם וְהַחַ֖י יִתֵּ֥ן אֶל־לִבּֽוֹ׃ |
It is better to go to the house of mourning Than to go to a house of banqueting, For that is the end of every man. And may he who is alive lay it to his heart. |
banqueting: or drinking. |
| Eccl 7:3 | ט֥וֹב כַּ֖עַס מִשְּׂחֹ֑ק כִּֽי־בְרֹ֥עַ פָּנִ֖ים יִ֥יטַב לֵֽב׃ |
Grief is better than laughter, For in a sad expression the heart is benefited. |
expression ← face. |
| Eccl 7:4 | לֵ֤ב חֲכָמִים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔בֶל וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִילִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית שִׂמְחָֽה׃ |
The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning, Whereas the heart of fools Is in the house of rejoicing. |
whereas: adversative use of the vav. |
| Eccl 7:5 | ט֕וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ גַּעֲרַ֣ת חָכָ֑ם מֵאִ֕ישׁ שֹׁמֵ֖עַ שִׁ֥יר כְּסִילִֽים׃ |
It is better to hear the rebuke of a wise man Than for a man to hear the song of fools. |
|
| Eccl 7:6 | כִּ֣י כְק֤וֹל הַסִּירִים֙ תַּ֣חַת הַסִּ֔יר כֵּ֖ן שְׂחֹ֣ק הַכְּסִ֑יל וְגַם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ |
For as is the sound of the thorns under the pot, So is the laughter of the fool. And this too is vanity. |
thorns: i.e. thorn bush cuttings burning. |
| Eccl 7:7 | כִּ֥י הָעֹ֖שֶׁק יְהוֹלֵ֣ל חָכָ֑ם וִֽיאַבֵּ֥ד אֶת־לֵ֖ב מַתָּנָֽה׃ |
For unjust gain shames the wise, And a bribe makes the heart stray. |
unjust gain ← oppression.
makes ... stray: or destroys. |
| Eccl 7:8 | ט֛וֹב אַחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָ֖ר מֵֽרֵאשִׁית֑וֹ ט֥וֹב אֶֽרֶךְ־ר֖וּחַ מִגְּבַהּ־רֽוּחַ׃ |
The end of a matter is better than its beginning, And longsuffering is better than arrogance. |
arrogance ← high of spirit, or, with alternative pointing (גֹּבַהּ), height of spirit. |
| Eccl 7:9 | אַל־תְּבַהֵ֥ל בְּרֽוּחֲךָ֖ לִכְע֑וֹס כִּ֣י כַ֔עַס בְּחֵ֥יק כְּסִילִ֖ים יָנֽוּחַ׃ |
Do not be quick in your spirit to become angry, For anger lodges in the bosom of fools. |
|
| Eccl 7:10 | אַל־תֹּאמַר֙ מֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה שֶׁ֤הַיָּמִים֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים הָי֥וּ טוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֛י לֹ֥א מֵחָכְמָ֖ה שָׁאַ֥לְתָּ עַל־זֶֽה׃ |
Do not say, ‘What has taken place? Because the first days were better than these’, For you would not be asking wisely about this. |
|
| Eccl 7:11 | טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה עִֽם־נַחֲלָ֑ה וְיֹתֵ֖ר לְרֹאֵ֥י הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Wisdom with an inheritance is good, And is advantageous to those who see the sun. |
|
| Eccl 7:12 | כִּ֛י בְּצֵ֥ל הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה בְּצֵ֣ל הַכָּ֑סֶף וְיִתְר֣וֹן דַּ֔עַת הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה תְּחַיֶּ֥ה בְעָלֶֽיהָ׃ |
For one may be under the protection of wisdom, Or under the protection of money, But the advantage of knowledge Is that wisdom gives life to its owners. |
|
| Eccl 7:13 | רְאֵ֖ה אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לְתַקֵּ֔ן אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִוְּתֽוֹ׃ |
Look at the work of God, For who can straighten That which he has made bent? |
|
| Eccl 7:14 | בְּי֤וֹם טוֹבָה֙ הֱיֵ֣ה בְט֔וֹב וּבְי֥וֹם רָעָ֖ה רְאֵ֑ה גַּ֣ם אֶת־זֶ֤ה לְעֻמַּת־זֶה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים עַל־דִּבְרַ֗ת שֶׁלֹּ֨א יִמְצָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם אַחֲרָ֖יו מְאֽוּמָה׃ |
On a day of prosperity enjoy the success, But on a day of adversity, observe: God has made both one thing and another In order that man should not find out About anything coming after him. |
enjoy ← be in.
both ... and ← also ... even as. |
| Eccl 7:15 | אֶת־הַכֹּ֥ל רָאִ֖יתִי בִּימֵ֣י הֶבְלִ֑י יֵ֤שׁ צַדִּיק֙ אֹבֵ֣ד בְּצִדְק֔וֹ וְיֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֔ע מַאֲרִ֖יךְ בְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ |
I have seen everything in my vain days. There is a righteous man who perishes in his righteousness, And there is a wicked man Who lives a long time in his wickedness. |
in my vain days ← in the days of my vanity, a Hebraic genitive.
lives a long time ← prolongs. |
| Eccl 7:16 | אַל־תְּהִ֤י צַדִּיק֙ הַרְבֵּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתְחַכַּ֖ם יוֹתֵ֑ר לָ֖מָּה תִּשּׁוֹמֵֽם׃ |
Do not be over-righteous, And do not make yourself too wise. Why should you destroy yourself? |
over-righteous ← very righteous.
too wise ← more wise. |
| Eccl 7:17 | אַל־תִּרְשַׁ֥ע הַרְבֵּ֖ה וְאַל־תְּהִ֣י סָכָ֑ל לָ֥מָּה תָמ֖וּת בְּלֹ֥א עִתֶּֽךָ׃ |
Do not do much wrong, And do not be foolish. Why should you die When it is not your time? |
|
| Eccl 7:18 | ט֚וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֶּאֱחֹ֣ז בָּזֶ֔ה וְגַם־מִזֶּ֖ה אַל־תַּנַּ֣ח אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־יְרֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים יֵצֵ֥א אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
It is good if you hold on to this, And do not let your hands drop this either, For he who fears God Will leave with everyone else. |
leave ← go out.
with everyone else ← with all of them. AV differs (came forth of them all). |
| Eccl 7:19 | הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה תָּעֹ֣ז לֶחָכָ֑ם מֵֽעֲשָׂרָה֙ שַׁלִּיטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ בָּעִֽיר׃ |
Wisdom will strengthen the wise man More than ten rulers Who are in the city. |
|
| Eccl 7:20 | כִּ֣י אָדָ֔ם אֵ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֶׂה־טּ֖וֹב וְלֹ֥א יֶחֱטָֽא׃ |
For there is not a just man on the earth Who does good and does not sin. |
Rom 3:10. |
| Eccl 7:21 | גַּ֤ם לְכָל־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ אַל־תִּתֵּ֖ן לִבֶּ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־תִשְׁמַ֥ע אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֖ מְקַלְלֶֽךָ׃ |
Moreover do not concern yourself With all the words spoken, So that you do not hear Your servant cursing you. |
concern yourself with ← put your heart to.
spoken ← they speak. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Eccl 7:22 | כִּ֛י גַּם־פְּעָמִ֥ים רַבּ֖וֹת יָדַ֣ע לִבֶּ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר גַּם־*את **אַתָּ֖ה קִלַּ֥לְתָּ אֲחֵרִֽים׃ |
For also your heart knows That you have also cursed others Many times. |
you: the ketiv is perhaps a form under Aramaic influence (אַנְתְּ). Otherwise, it is feminine. |
| Eccl 7:23 | כָּל־זֹ֖ה נִסִּ֣יתִי בַֽחָכְמָ֑ה אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֶחְכָּ֔מָה וְהִ֖יא רְחוֹקָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ |
I have tested all this with wisdom. I said, ‘I will be wise’, But it was far from me. |
|
| Eccl 7:24 | רָח֖וֹק מַה־שֶּׁהָיָ֑ה וְעָמֹ֥ק ׀ עָמֹ֖ק מִ֥י יִמְצָאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Who can find what is distant And very deep? |
|
| Eccl 7:25 | סַבּ֨וֹתִֽי אֲנִ֤י וְלִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת וְלָת֔וּר וּבַקֵּ֥שׁ חָכְמָ֖ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וְלָדַ֙עַת֙ רֶ֣שַׁע כֶּ֔סֶל וְהַסִּכְל֖וּת הוֹלֵלֽוֹת׃ |
Then I applied my heart To know and to investigate and to seek wisdom, And an explanation of things, And to know the wickedness of foolhardiness, And foolishness and folly. |
|
| Eccl 7:26 | וּמוֹצֶ֨א אֲנִ֜י מַ֣ר מִמָּ֗וֶת אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨יא מְצוֹדִ֧ים וַחֲרָמִ֛ים לִבָּ֖הּ אֲסוּרִ֣ים יָדֶ֑יהָ ט֞וֹב לִפְנֵ֤י הָאֱלֹהִים֙ יִמָּלֵ֣ט מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְחוֹטֵ֖א יִלָּ֥כֶד בָּֽהּ׃ |
And I found more bitter than death The woman who is out to catch, And whose heart is set on enticements, Whose hands are bonds. It is good in God's sight that one should escape from her, But the sinner will be caught by her. |
|
| Eccl 7:27 | רְאֵה֙ זֶ֣ה מָצָ֔אתִי אָמְרָ֖ה קֹהֶ֑לֶת אַחַ֥ת לְאַחַ֖ת לִמְצֹ֥א חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ |
‘See what I have found’, Says the convener, ‘Putting one thing and another together To find the result.’ |
what ← this, but also a relative pronoun; compare Ps 74:2, Ps 104:8.
says: feminine here, a grammatical agreement. See Eccl 1:2 and the references there for use with a masculine verb, an agreement with the sense. |
| Eccl 7:28 | אֲשֶׁ֛ר עוֹד־בִּקְשָׁ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אתִי אָדָ֞ם אֶחָ֤ד מֵאֶ֙לֶף֙ מָצָ֔אתִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה בְכָל־אֵ֖לֶּה לֹ֥א מָצָֽאתִי׃ |
So my mind is still seeking And I have not found it. I have found one man in a thousand, But I have not found such a woman among all these. |
mind ← soul. |
| Eccl 7:29 | לְבַד֙ רְאֵה־זֶ֣ה מָצָ֔אתִי אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָדָ֖ם יָשָׁ֑ר וְהֵ֥מָּה בִקְשׁ֖וּ חִשְּׁבֹנ֥וֹת רַבִּֽים׃ |
Just look at this that I have found, That God made man upright, Yet they seek all sorts of schemes. |
yet: adversative / concessive use of the vav.
all sorts of ← many. |
| Eccl 8:1 | מִ֚י כְּהֶ֣חָכָ֔ם וּמִ֥י יוֹדֵ֖עַ פֵּ֣שֶׁר דָּבָ֑ר חָכְמַ֤ת אָדָם֙ תָּאִ֣יר פָּנָ֔יו וְעֹ֥ז פָּנָ֖יו יְשֻׁנֶּֽא׃ |
Who is like the wise man? And who knows the interpretation of a matter? A man's wisdom enlightens his face, And the harshness of his face is changed.” |
a man's wisdom: i.e. the wisdom a man acquires from God (Eccl 2:26). So not the same as human wisdom.
his face ... his face: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 8:2 | אֲנִי֙ פִּי־מֶ֣לֶךְ שְׁמ֔וֹר וְעַ֕ל דִּבְרַ֖ת שְׁבוּעַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | I say, “Keep the king's commandment, and do so on account of God's oath. | commandment ← mouth. |
| Eccl 8:3 | אַל־תִּבָּהֵ֤ל מִפָּנָיו֙ תֵּלֵ֔ךְ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּדָבָ֣ר רָ֑ע כִּ֛י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַחְפֹּ֖ץ יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Do not hasten away from his presence, but walk. Do not defend an evil matter, for he will do whatever he pleases. | defend ← stand in. |
| Eccl 8:4 | בַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דְּבַר־מֶ֖לֶךְ שִׁלְט֑וֹן וּמִ֥י יֹֽאמַר־ל֖וֹ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃ |
Where the word of the king is, There is authority. And who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ |
|
| Eccl 8:5 | שׁוֹמֵ֣ר מִצְוָ֔ה לֹ֥א יֵדַ֖ע דָּבָ֣ר רָ֑ע וְעֵ֣ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֔ט יֵדַ֖ע לֵ֥ב חָכָֽם׃ |
He who keeps the commandment Will not experience any harmful thing, And a wise heart will know Both time and custom, |
experience ← know.
custom: or judgment. |
| Eccl 8:6 | כִּ֣י לְכָל־חֵ֔פֶץ יֵ֖שׁ עֵ֣ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־רָעַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם רַבָּ֥ה עָלָֽיו׃ |
Because for every matter there is a time and a custom, For the wickedness of man Is heavily against him. |
custom: or judgment. |
| Eccl 8:7 | כִּֽי־אֵינֶ֥נּוּ יֹדֵ֖עַ מַה־שֶּׁיִּֽהְיֶ֑ה כִּ֚י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִֽהְיֶ֔ה מִ֖י יַגִּ֥יד לֽוֹ׃ |
For he does not know what will come to pass, For who can tell him when it will come to pass? |
come to pass ... come to pass: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 8:8 | אֵ֣ין אָדָ֞ם שַׁלִּ֤יט בָּר֙וּחַ֙ לִכְל֣וֹא אֶת־הָר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֤ין שִׁלְטוֹן֙ בְּי֣וֹם הַמָּ֔וֶת וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁלַ֖חַת בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט רֶ֖שַׁע אֶת־בְּעָלָֽיו׃ |
There is no man with power over the wind To restrain the wind, And no-one has power over the day of death. And there is no leave of absence in war, Nor will wickedness save those who practise it. |
the wind ... the wind: otiose, but see Gen 12:5.
those who practise it ← its owners. |
| Eccl 8:9 | אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֤ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ וְנָת֣וֹן אֶת־לִבִּ֔י לְכָֽל־מַעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֧ט הָאָדָ֛ם בְּאָדָ֖ם לְרַ֥ע לֽוֹ׃ | I have seen all this, and I have applied my heart to every kind of occupation which is practised under the sun. It is a time when one man rules over another man to his detriment. | I have applied: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Eccl 8:10 | וּבְכֵ֡ן רָאִיתִי֩ רְשָׁעִ֨ים קְבֻרִ֜ים וָבָ֗אוּ וּמִמְּק֤וֹם קָדוֹשׁ֙ יְהַלֵּ֔כוּ וְיִֽשְׁתַּכְּח֥וּ בָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר כֵּן־עָשׂ֑וּ גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ | And so I looked at the wicked who were buried, who had come to, and who had departed from, the holy place, and who were forgotten in the city where they had done this. This too is vanity. |
the holy place ← a holy place.
done this ← done thus. |
| Eccl 8:11 | אֲשֶׁר֙ אֵין־נַעֲשָׂ֣ה פִתְגָ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה מְהֵרָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן מָלֵ֞א לֵ֧ב בְּֽנֵי־הָאָדָ֛ם בָּהֶ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃ | Where sentence is not executed, the work of the wicked is prompt, which is why the heart of the sons of men is full of boldness in them to do evil. | |
| Eccl 8:12 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֹטֶ֗א עֹשֶׂ֥ה רָ֛ע מְאַ֖ת וּמַאֲרִ֣יךְ ל֑וֹ כִּ֚י גַּם־יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֔נִי אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִהְיֶה־טּוֹב֙ לְיִרְאֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽירְא֖וּ מִלְּפָנָֽיו׃ | Even if a sinner does wrong a hundred times, and lives long, yet I also know that it will go well with those who fear God, who fear in his presence. |
lives long ← prolongs for himself.
go well ← be well. |
| Eccl 8:13 | וְטוֹב֙ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה לָֽרָשָׁ֔ע וְלֹֽא־יַאֲרִ֥יךְ יָמִ֖ים כַּצֵּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֵינֶ֥נּוּ יָרֵ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | But it will not go well with the wicked man, and he will not live long, being as a shadow, because he does not fear in God's presence. |
go well ← be well.
live long ← prolong days. |
| Eccl 8:14 | יֶשׁ־הֶבֶל֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֣ה עַל־הָאָרֶץ֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ יֵ֣שׁ צַדִּיקִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַגִּ֤יעַ אֲלֵהֶם֙ כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים וְיֵ֣שׁ רְשָׁעִ֔ים שֶׁמַּגִּ֥יעַ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הַצַּדִּיקִ֑ים אָמַ֕רְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃ | There is a vanity which is committed on the earth, whereby there are righteous men upon whom the consequences of the work of the wicked comes, and there are wicked men upon whom the consequences of the work of the righteous comes. I say that this also is vanity. |
the consequences of the work (2x) ← as the work.
comes (2x) ← arrives. |
| Eccl 8:15 | וְשִׁבַּ֤חְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ אֶת־הַשִּׂמְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ט֤וֹב לָֽאָדָם֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כִּ֛י אִם־לֶאֱכ֥וֹל וְלִשְׁתּ֖וֹת וְלִשְׂמ֑וֹחַ וְה֞וּא יִלְוֶ֣נּוּ בַעֲמָל֗וֹ יְמֵ֥י חַיָּ֛יו אֲשֶׁר־נָֽתַן־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And I praised joy, because man has nothing good under the sun other than to eat and drink and be merry, and that will accompany him in his toil for the days of his life which God has given him under the sun. | |
| Eccl 8:16 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤תִּי אֶת־לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְלִרְאוֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣עִנְיָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י גַ֤ם בַּיּוֹם֙ וּבַלַּ֔יְלָה שֵׁנָ֕ה בְּעֵינָ֖יו אֵינֶ֥נּוּ רֹאֶֽה׃ | When I applied my heart to know wisdom and to look into the matter which is being done on the earth – for it neither by day nor by night sees sleep in its eyes – | it: i.e. the heart. |
| Eccl 8:17 | וְרָאִיתִי֮ אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָאֱלֹהִים֒ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוּכַ֜ל הָאָדָ֗ם לִמְצוֹא֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ בְּ֠שֶׁל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲמֹ֧ל הָאָדָ֛ם לְבַקֵּ֖שׁ וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָ֑א וְגַ֨ם אִם־יֹאמַ֤ר הֶֽחָכָם֙ לָדַ֔עַת לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִמְצֹֽא׃ | I saw the whole of God's work. For man cannot discover the work which is done under the sun, because man toils to seek it out, but he does not discover it, and even if a wise man says he knows it, he cannot discover it. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Eccl 9:1 | כִּ֣י אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֞ה נָתַ֤תִּי אֶל־לִבִּי֙ וְלָב֣וּר אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַצַּדִּיקִ֧ים וְהַחֲכָמִ֛ים וַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖ם בְּיַ֣ד הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים גַּֽם־אַהֲבָ֣ה גַם־שִׂנְאָ֗ה אֵ֤ין יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם הַכֹּ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | For I applied my heart to all this, to examine all this – the fact that the righteous and the wise and their works are in the hand of God. Mankind does not know whether either love or hatred will come – everything lies in front of them. | I applied my heart to all this ← I applied all this to my heart. |
| Eccl 9:2 | הַכֹּ֞ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לַכֹּ֗ל מִקְרֶ֨ה אֶחָ֜ד לַצַּדִּ֤יק וְלָרָשָׁע֙ לַטּוֹב֙ וְלַטָּה֣וֹר וְלַטָּמֵ֔א וְלַזֹּבֵ֔חַ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ זֹבֵ֑חַ כַּטּוֹב֙ כַּֽחֹטֶ֔א הַנִּשְׁבָּ֕ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר שְׁבוּעָ֥ה יָרֵֽא׃ |
Everything happens similarly to everyone. There is one result for the righteous and for the wicked, for the good and for the clean and for the unclean, and for him who sacrifices and for him who does not sacrifice.
As for the good, So for the sinner, As for him who swears an oath, So for him who fears an oath. |
everything happens similarly to everyone ← all (is) as to all. |
| Eccl 9:3 | זֶ֣ה ׀ רָ֗ע בְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲשָׂה֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כִּֽי־מִקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וְגַ֣ם לֵ֣ב בְּֽנֵי־הָ֠אָדָם מָלֵא־רָ֨ע וְהוֹלֵל֤וֹת בִּלְבָבָם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וְאַחֲרָ֖יו אֶל־הַמֵּתִֽים׃ | This is an evil thing among everything that has been done under the sun, for there is one result for all, and also the heart of the sons of Adam is full of evil. And folly is in their heart during their life, and afterwards they proceed to the dead. | |
| Eccl 9:4 | כִּי־מִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר *יבחר **יְחֻבַּ֔ר אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַחַיִּ֖ים יֵ֣שׁ בִּטָּח֑וֹן כִּֽי־לְכֶ֤לֶב חַי֙ ה֣וּא ט֔וֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הַמֵּֽת׃ |
For whoever {Q: is joined} [K: is chosen] to all the living has confidence. For
A living dog is better than a dead lion. |
|
| Eccl 9:5 | כִּ֧י הַֽחַיִּ֛ים יוֹדְעִ֖ים שֶׁיָּמֻ֑תוּ וְהַמֵּתִ֞ים אֵינָ֧ם יוֹדְעִ֣ים מְא֗וּמָה וְאֵֽין־ע֤וֹד לָהֶם֙ שָׂכָ֔ר כִּ֥י נִשְׁכַּ֖ח זִכְרָֽם׃ |
Yet the living know that they will die, But the dead don't know anything, Nor do they have a reward any more, For memory of them is forgotten. |
|
| Eccl 9:6 | גַּ֣ם אַהֲבָתָ֧ם גַּם־שִׂנְאָתָ֛ם גַּם־קִנְאָתָ֖ם כְּבָ֣ר אָבָ֑דָה וְחֵ֨לֶק אֵין־לָהֶ֥ם עוֹד֙ לְעוֹלָ֔ם בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Also their love and their hatred And their jealousy have already passed away. And they age-abidingly no longer have a portion In anything that has been done under the sun. |
have already ← has already, the verb being attracted to one noun.
passed away ← perished. anything ← everything. |
| Eccl 9:7 | לֵ֣ךְ אֱכֹ֤ל בְּשִׂמְחָה֙ לַחְמֶ֔ךָ וּֽשֲׁתֵ֥ה בְלֶב־ט֖וֹב יֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י כְבָ֔ר רָצָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶֽת־מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ׃ |
Go and eat your bread with joy, And drink your wine with a merry heart, For God has already accepted your works. |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
merry ← good. |
| Eccl 9:8 | בְּכָל־עֵ֕ת יִהְי֥וּ בְגָדֶ֖יךָ לְבָנִ֑ים וְשֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֥ אַל־יֶחְסָֽר׃ |
Let your clothes be white at all times, And let not oil be lacking on your head. |
let not oil be lacking on your head ← let your oil on your head not be lacking. |
| Eccl 9:9 | רְאֵ֨ה חַיִּ֜ים עִם־אִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֗בְתָּ כָּל־יְמֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י הֶבְלֶ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הֶבְלֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י ה֤וּא חֶלְקְךָ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים וּבַעֲמָ֣לְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | Spend life with the woman you love all the days of your vain life which he has given you under the sun – all the days of your vanity – for that is your portion in life and in your toil at which you toil under the sun. |
spend ← see.
your vain life ← the life of your vanity, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Eccl 9:10 | כֹּ֠ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֧א יָֽדְךָ֛ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בְּכֹחֲךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֑ה כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְדַ֣עַת וְחָכְמָ֔ה בִּשְׁא֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ שָֽׁמָּה׃ ס | Do with your strength whatever your hand finds to do, for there is no occupation or explanation or knowledge or wisdom in the underworld to which you are going. | underworld: or grave. The place of the dead. |
| Eccl 9:11 | שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי־עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃ |
I again saw under the sun that
The race is not for the swift, And war is not for the valiant, Nor is bread for the wise, Nor is wealth for the prudent, Nor is grace for those who have knowledge, For an occasion and an incident befall them all. |
saw: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
befall ← befalls, suggesting that occasion and incident are in apposition. |
| Eccl 9:12 | כִּ֡י גַּם֩ לֹֽא־יֵדַ֨ע הָאָדָ֜ם אֶת־עִתּ֗וֹ כַּדָּגִים֙ שֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙ בִּמְצוֹדָ֣ה רָעָ֔ה וְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔ים הָאֲחֻז֖וֹת בַּפָּ֑ח כָּהֵ֗ם יֽוּקָשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֔ם לְעֵ֣ת רָעָ֔ה כְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם פִּתְאֹֽם׃ |
For man does not know his time either; He is like a fish caught in a nasty net, Or like birds caught in a snare. The sons of Adam are ensnared like them, In an evil hour, When it suddenly falls on them. |
hour ← time. |
| Eccl 9:13 | גַּם־זֹ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי חָכְמָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וּגְדוֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא אֵלָֽי׃ | I have also seen this wisdom under the sun, and it seems to me to be great: | |
| Eccl 9:14 | עִ֣יר קְטַנָּ֔ה וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בָּ֖הּ מְעָ֑ט וּבָֽא־אֵלֶ֜יהָ מֶ֤לֶךְ גָּדוֹל֙ וְסָבַ֣ב אֹתָ֔הּ וּבָנָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מְצוֹדִ֥ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ | there was a small town, with few people in it, and a great king came against it and surrounded it, and he built great siegeworks against it. | |
| Eccl 9:15 | וּמָ֣צָא בָ֗הּ אִ֤ישׁ מִסְכֵּן֙ חָכָ֔ם וּמִלַּט־ה֥וּא אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וְאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א זָכַ֔ר אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּסְכֵּ֖ן הַהּֽוּא׃ | But in it was found a poor man, but wise, and he delivered the city by his wisdom. Yet no man remembered that poor man.” | was found ← one / he found. |
| Eccl 9:16 | וְאָמַ֣רְתִּי אָ֔נִי טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִגְּבוּרָ֑ה וְחָכְמַ֤ת הַמִּסְכֵּן֙ בְּזוּיָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֖יו אֵינָ֥ם נִשְׁמָעִֽים׃ |
And I said,
“Wisdom is better than valour, But the wisdom of the poor man is despised, And his words are not heard. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Eccl 9:17 | דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים בְּנַ֖חַת נִשְׁמָעִ֑ים מִזַּעֲקַ֥ת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בַּכְּסִילִֽים׃ |
The words of the wise are heard in quiet More than the shout of a ruler among fools. |
|
| Eccl 9:18 | טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִכְּלֵ֣י קְרָ֑ב וְחוֹטֶ֣א אֶחָ֔ד יְאַבֵּ֥ד טוֹבָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה׃ |
Wisdom is better than equipment for battle, But one sinner can ruin much good. |
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Eccl 10:1 | זְב֣וּבֵי מָ֔וֶת יַבְאִ֥ישׁ יַבִּ֖יעַ שֶׁ֣מֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ יָקָ֛ר מֵחָכְמָ֥ה מִכָּב֖וֹד סִכְל֥וּת מְעָֽט׃ |
As deadly flies make the pharmacist's oil stink and go putrid, So does a little foolishness with him who is esteemed with wisdom and with honour. |
deadly flies ← flies of death, a Hebraic genitive. AV differs (dead flies). |
| Eccl 10:2 | לֵ֤ב חָכָם֙ לִֽימִינ֔וֹ וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִ֖יל לִשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ |
The heart of a wise man Is on his right, But the heart of a fool Is on his left. |
|
| Eccl 10:3 | וְגַם־בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ *כשהסכל **כְּשֶׁסָּכָ֥ל הֹלֵ֖ךְ לִבּ֣וֹ חָסֵ֑ר וְאָמַ֥ר לַכֹּ֖ל סָכָ֥ל הֽוּא׃ |
And also when {Q: a fool} [K: the fool] is walking along a road, His heart fails him, And he says to everyone That he is a fool. |
The ketiv could also be translated a fool. See Gen 22:9. |
| Eccl 10:4 | אִם־ר֤וּחַ הַמּוֹשֵׁל֙ תַּעֲלֶ֣ה עָלֶ֔יךָ מְקוֹמְךָ֖ אַל־תַּנַּ֑ח כִּ֣י מַרְפֵּ֔א יַנִּ֖יחַ חֲטָאִ֥ים גְּדוֹלִֽים׃ |
If the spirit of the ruler rises against you, Do not leave your place, For calmness bears with great sins. |
calmness bears with great sins: perhaps (through) calmness one remits great sins, but calmness seems to be the subject of the verb. |
| Eccl 10:5 | יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט׃ |
There is an evil thing which I have seen under the sun: A sin through ignorance, Which proceeds from the ruler. |
a sin ← as a sin.
from ← from before. |
| Eccl 10:6 | נִתַּ֣ן הַסֶּ֔כֶל בַּמְּרוֹמִ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים וַעֲשִׁירִ֖ים בַּשֵּׁ֥פֶל יֵשֵֽׁבוּ׃ |
Foolishness is instituted in many high places, But the rich will sit in a low place. |
|
| Eccl 10:7 | רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־סוּסִ֑ים וְשָׂרִ֛ים הֹלְכִ֥ים כַּעֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
I have seen servants on horses, And princes walking like servants on the ground. |
|
| Eccl 10:8 | חֹפֵ֥ר גּוּמָּ֖ץ בּ֣וֹ יִפּ֑וֹל וּפֹרֵ֥ץ גָּדֵ֖ר יִשְּׁכֶ֥נּוּ נָחָֽשׁ׃ |
He who digs a pit will fall into it, And as for him who demolishes a wall, A serpent will bite him. |
|
| Eccl 10:9 | מַסִּ֣יעַ אֲבָנִ֔ים יֵעָצֵ֖ב בָּהֶ֑ם בּוֹקֵ֥עַ עֵצִ֖ים יִסָּ֥כֶן בָּֽם׃ |
He who quarries stones Will be hurt by them, And he who chops wood Will be endangered by it. |
will be hurt ... will be endangered: one could translate may be hurt ... may be endangered, but compare the previous verse, where will seems more appropriate. |
| Eccl 10:10 | אִם־קֵהָ֣ה הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהוּא֙ לֹא־פָנִ֣ים קִלְקַ֔ל וַחֲיָלִ֖ים יְגַבֵּ֑ר וְיִתְר֥וֹן *הכשיר **הַכְשֵׁ֖ר חָכְמָֽה׃ |
If the iron implement is blunt, And he does not sharpen its edge, Then he must use more force. But wisdom has the benefit of bringing success. |
of bringing success: the ketiv is an infinitive construct, used gerundially, or a discordant finite form; the qeré an infinitive absolute.
use more force ← increase force. |
| Eccl 10:11 | אִם־יִשֹּׁ֥ךְ הַנָּחָ֖שׁ בְּלוֹא־לָ֑חַשׁ וְאֵ֣ין יִתְר֔וֹן לְבַ֖עַל הַלָּשֽׁוֹן׃ |
If a serpent bites, It is because it has not been charmed, So the talkative man has nothing illustrious. |
a serpent ← the serpent. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9.
talkative ← owner of a tongue. |
| Eccl 10:12 | דִּבְרֵ֥י פִי־חָכָ֖ם חֵ֑ן וְשִׂפְת֥וֹת כְּסִ֖יל תְּבַלְּעֶֽנּוּ׃ |
The words of a wise man's mouth are gracious, But the lips of a fool will swallow him up. |
gracious ← grace.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Eccl 10:13 | תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבְרֵי־פִ֖יהוּ סִכְל֑וּת וְאַחֲרִ֣ית פִּ֔יהוּ הוֹלֵל֖וּת רָעָֽה׃ |
The beginning of the words of his mouth is foolishness, And the end of his speech is calamitous folly. |
mouth ... speech ← mouth ... mouth. Otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 10:14 | וְהַסָּכָ֖ל יַרְבֶּ֣ה דְבָרִ֑ים לֹא־יֵדַ֤ע הָאָדָם֙ מַה־שֶׁיִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה֙ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֔יו מִ֖י יַגִּ֥יד לֽוֹ׃ |
And the fool is very talkative. But man does not know what will come to pass, And who can tell him What will come to pass after him? |
is very talkative ← increases words.
will come to pass ... will come to pass: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Eccl 10:15 | עֲמַ֥ל הַכְּסִילִ֖ים תְּיַגְּעֶ֑נּוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע לָלֶ֥כֶת אֶל־עִֽיר׃ |
The fool's toil will weary him Because he does not know how to go to the city. |
fool's ← fools', but followed by a singular suffix of the verb. |
| Eccl 10:16 | אִֽי־לָ֣ךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ נָ֑עַר וְשָׂרַ֖יִךְ בַּבֹּ֥קֶר יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ |
Woe to you, O land, Where your king is a boy, And your princes dine in the morning. |
dine ← eat, but here even hold a banquet. |
| Eccl 10:17 | אַשְׁרֵ֣יךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ בֶּן־חוֹרִ֑ים וְשָׂרַ֙יִךְ֙ בָּעֵ֣ת יֹאכֵ֔לוּ בִּגְבוּרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א בַשְּׁתִֽי׃ |
Blessed are you, O land, Where your king is a nobleman, And your princes eat in season, In valour and not in drinking. |
|
| Eccl 10:18 | בַּעֲצַלְתַּ֖יִם יִמַּ֣ךְ הַמְּקָרֶ֑ה וּבְשִׁפְל֥וּת יָדַ֖יִם יִדְלֹ֥ף הַבָּֽיִת׃ |
Through slackness the rafter-work decays, And through idleness in maintenance the house leaks. |
maintenance ← hands, French les mains, giving English maintenance. |
| Eccl 10:19 | לִשְׂחוֹק֙ עֹשִׂ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם וְיַ֖יִן יְשַׂמַּ֣ח חַיִּ֑ים וְהַכֶּ֖סֶף יַעֲנֶ֥ה אֶת־הַכֹּֽל׃ |
A meal is made for entertainment, And wine makes life merry, But money answers everything. |
a meal ← bread.
is made ← they make. Avoidance of the passive. entertainment ← laughter. |
| Eccl 10:20 | גַּ֣ם בְּמַדָּֽעֲךָ֗ מֶ֚לֶךְ אַל־תְּקַלֵּ֔ל וּבְחַדְרֵי֙ מִשְׁכָּ֣בְךָ֔ אַל־תְּקַלֵּ֖ל עָשִׁ֑יר כִּ֣י ע֤וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ יוֹלִ֣יךְ אֶת־הַקּ֔וֹל וּבַ֥עַל *הכנפים **כְּנָפַ֖יִם יַגֵּ֥יד דָּבָֽר׃ |
And do not curse the king in your mind, And do not curse the rich in your bedrooms, For a bird of the sky will carry your voice, And the winged one will divulge the matter. |
winged one ← owner of wings, the ketiv strictly reading owner of the wings.
bird ... winged one: an example where the Hebrew is not otiose. |
| Eccl 11:1 | שַׁלַּ֥ח לַחְמְךָ֖ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַמָּ֑יִם כִּֽי־בְרֹ֥ב הַיָּמִ֖ים תִּמְצָאֶֽנּוּ׃ |
Cast seed for your bread alongside water, For then after many days You will find it. |
alongside: compare Gen 16:12, Gen 25:18, Ex 20:3 (beside), Num 3:4, Num 21:11, Deut 5:7, 2 Sam 15:18, 2 Chr 3:17. |
| Eccl 11:2 | תֶּן־חֵ֥לֶק לְשִׁבְעָ֖ה וְגַ֣ם לִשְׁמוֹנָ֑ה כִּ֚י לֹ֣א תֵדַ֔ע מַה־יִּהְיֶ֥ה רָעָ֖ה עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Give a part to seven, And also to eight, For you do not know What will become a calamity on the earth. |
|
| Eccl 11:3 | אִם־יִמָּלְא֨וּ הֶעָבִ֥ים גֶּ֙שֶׁם֙ עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ יָרִ֔יקוּ וְאִם־יִפּ֥וֹל עֵ֛ץ בַּדָּר֖וֹם וְאִ֣ם בַּצָּפ֑וֹן מְק֛וֹם שֶׁיִּפּ֥וֹל הָעֵ֖ץ שָׁ֥ם יְהֽוּא׃ |
If the thick clouds are full of rain, They will empty it on the land, And whether a tree falls to the south or to the north, In the place where the tree falls, There it remains. |
remains ← will be. |
| Eccl 11:4 | שֹׁמֵ֥ר ר֖וּחַ לֹ֣א יִזְרָ֑ע וְרֹאֶ֥ה בֶעָבִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִקְצֽוֹר׃ |
He who takes note of the wind will not sow, And he who observes the clouds will not reap. |
|
| Eccl 11:5 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽינְךָ֤ יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ מַה־דֶּ֣רֶךְ הָר֔וּחַ כַּעֲצָמִ֖ים בְּבֶ֣טֶן הַמְּלֵאָ֑ה כָּ֗כָה לֹ֤א תֵדַע֙ אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־הַכֹּֽל׃ |
Just as you do not know the route of the wind, Nor the way of the bones in the womb of her that is pregnant, So you do not know the work of God, Who makes everything. |
pregnant ← full. |
| Eccl 11:6 | בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ זְרַ֣ע אֶת־זַרְעֶ֔ךָ וְלָעֶ֖רֶב אַל־תַּנַּ֣ח יָדֶ֑ךָ כִּי֩ אֵֽינְךָ֨ יוֹדֵ֜ע אֵ֣י זֶ֤ה יִכְשָׁר֙ הֲזֶ֣ה אוֹ־זֶ֔ה וְאִם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֥ם כְּאֶחָ֖ד טוֹבִֽים׃ |
Sow your seed in the morning, And do not rest your hand in the evening, Because you do not know what will give success – This or that – Or whether both alike will be good. |
alike ← as one. |
| Eccl 11:7 | וּמָת֖וֹק הָא֑וֹר וְט֥וֹב לַֽעֵינַ֖יִם לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ |
Light is sweet, And it is also good for the eyes to see the sunlight. |
Be aware that it is harmful to the eyes to stare at the sun. This verse is metaphorical about being alive. |
| Eccl 11:8 | כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁנִ֥ים הַרְבֵּ֛ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם בְּכֻלָּ֣ם יִשְׂמָ֑ח וְיִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ כִּֽי־הַרְבֵּ֥ה יִהְי֖וּ כָּל־שֶׁבָּ֥א הָֽבֶל׃ |
For if a man lives for many years, May he rejoice in them all, But may he remember the days of darkness, For they will be many. Everything that comes is vanity. |
|
| Eccl 11:9 | שְׂמַ֧ח בָּח֣וּר בְּיַלְדוּתֶ֗יךָ וִֽיטִֽיבְךָ֤ לִבְּךָ֙ בִּימֵ֣י בְחוּרוֹתֶ֔ךָ וְהַלֵּךְ֙ בְּדַרְכֵ֣י לִבְּךָ֔ וּבְמַרְאֵ֖י עֵינֶ֑יךָ וְדָ֕ע כִּ֧י עַל־כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה יְבִֽיאֲךָ֥ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ |
Rejoice, O young man, in your youth, And let your heart make you cheerful in your youthful days, And walk in the ways of your heart And the sight of your eyes, But know that concerning all these things God will bring you into judgment. |
your youthful days ← days of your youth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Eccl 11:10 | וְהָסֵ֥ר כַּ֙עַס֙ מִלִּבֶּ֔ךָ וְהַעֲבֵ֥ר רָעָ֖ה מִבְּשָׂרֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־הַיַּלְד֥וּת וְהַֽשַּׁחֲר֖וּת הָֽבֶל׃ |
Put away anger from your heart, And remove evil from your flesh, For childhood and tender age are vanity. |
|
| Eccl 12:1 | וּזְכֹר֙ אֶת־בּ֣וֹרְאֶ֔יךָ בִּימֵ֖י בְּחוּרֹתֶ֑יךָ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ יְמֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהִגִּ֣יעוּ שָׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר אֵֽין־לִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם חֵֽפֶץ׃ |
And remember your creator in the days of your youth, While the bad days have not yet come, Nor have the years arrived of which you will say, ‘I have no pleasure in them’, |
creator: plural, like Elohim (God).
bad days ← days of badness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Eccl 12:2 | עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ |
While the sun has not gone dark, Nor the light, nor the moon and the stars, Nor have the thick clouds returned after the rain, |
|
| Eccl 12:3 | בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃ |
On the day when the guardians of the house shake, And the strong men have become bowed, And the grinders have become unserviceable, Because they are few, And the lookers out of the windows have become dark, |
The verse depicts the hands, legs, teeth and eyes.
strong men ← men of strength, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Eccl 12:4 | וְסֻגְּר֤וּ דְלָתַ֙יִם֙ בַּשּׁ֔וּק בִּשְׁפַ֖ל ק֣וֹל הַֽטַּחֲנָ֑ה וְיָקוּם֙ לְק֣וֹל הַצִּפּ֔וֹר וְיִשַּׁ֖חוּ כָּל־בְּנ֥וֹת הַשִּֽׁיר׃ |
And the doors have closed in the street, When the sound of the mill is low, And one rises at the sound of a bird, And all the daughters of song are faint, |
The verse depicts the mouth and the ears, and insomnia and inability to appreciate song and music.
a bird ← the bird. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Eccl 12:5 | גַּ֣ם מִגָּבֹ֤הַּ יִרָ֙אוּ֙ וְחַתְחַתִּ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְיָנֵ֤אץ הַשָּׁקֵד֙ וְיִסְתַּבֵּ֣ל הֶֽחָגָ֔ב וְתָפֵ֖ר הָֽאֲבִיּוֹנָ֑ה כִּֽי־הֹלֵ֤ךְ הָאָדָם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית עוֹלָמ֔וֹ וְסָבְב֥וּ בָשּׁ֖וּק הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃ |
When also they are afraid of heights, With trepidation on the road, And the almond tree sheds its blossom, And the grasshopper is a burden, And the caperberry fails, For man goes to his age-abiding house, And mourners circulate in the street. |
The verse depicts fear of falling, grey hair falling out (or perhaps wakefulness), difficulty in carrying a weight, lack of libido, and death and mourning.
sheds its blossom: the almond tree is deciduous, so perhaps supply its foliage. Others translate put forth blossom, for fading of hair. |
| Eccl 12:6 | עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־*ירחק **יֵרָתֵק֙ חֶ֣בֶל הַכֶּ֔סֶף וְתָרֻ֖ץ גֻּלַּ֣ת הַזָּהָ֑ב וְתִשָּׁ֤בֶר כַּד֙ עַל־הַמַּבּ֔וּעַ וְנָרֹ֥ץ הַגַּלְגַּ֖ל אֶל־הַבּֽוֹר׃ |
For a while the silver cord is not {Q: constrained} [K: removed], And the golden bowl is not crushed, And the pitcher is not fractured at the fountain, And the wheel is not broken at the cistern, |
The verse depicts the spinal cord (compressed by herniating disks?), the skull (containing the brain), the heart, and poor circulation. |
| Eccl 12:7 | וְיָשֹׁ֧ב הֶעָפָ֛ר עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָ֑ה וְהָר֣וּחַ תָּשׁ֔וּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתָנָֽהּ׃ |
Then dust returns onto the earth, As it was, And the spirit returns to God Who gave it.” |
|
| Eccl 12:8 | הֲבֵ֧ל הֲבָלִ֛ים אָמַ֥ר הַקּוֹהֶ֖לֶת הַכֹּ֥ל הָֽבֶל׃ |
“Vanity of vanities,” Says the convener, “Everything is vanity.” |
convener: masculine, also in the next two verses. See Eccl 1:2. |
| Eccl 12:9 | וְיֹתֵ֕ר שֶׁהָיָ֥ה קֹהֶ֖לֶת חָכָ֑ם ע֗וֹד לִמַּד־דַּ֙עַת֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאִזֵּ֣ן וְחִקֵּ֔ר תִּקֵּ֖ן מְשָׁלִ֥ים הַרְבֵּֽה׃ | And the more that the convener was wise, the more he taught the people knowledge, and he weighed it up, and he sought it out, and he composed many proverbs. | composed: or set in order. But many are attributed to Solomon (Prov 1:1, Prov 10:1, Prov 25:1), and this book itself is attributed to Solomon as the son of David (Eccl 1:1). |
| Eccl 12:10 | בִּקֵּ֣שׁ קֹהֶ֔לֶת לִמְצֹ֖א דִּבְרֵי־חֵ֑פֶץ וְכָת֥וּב יֹ֖שֶׁר דִּבְרֵ֥י אֱמֶֽת׃ | The convener set out to find pleasing words, and honest writing – words of truth. |
set out ← sought.
pleasing words ... honest writing ← words of pleasure ... (thing) written of honesty, Hebraic genitives. |
| Eccl 12:11 | דִּבְרֵ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ כַּדָּ֣רְבֹנ֔וֹת וּֽכְמַשְׂמְר֥וֹת נְטוּעִ֖ים בַּעֲלֵ֣י אֲסֻפּ֑וֹת נִתְּנ֖וּ מֵרֹעֶ֥ה אֶחָֽד׃ | The words of the wise are like goads and like nails driven in. They are masters of gatherings, given by one shepherd. |
driven in ← planted.
one shepherd: i.e., [CB], the Inspirer. |
| Eccl 12:12 | וְיֹתֵ֥ר מֵהֵ֖מָּה בְּנִ֣י הִזָּהֵ֑ר עֲשׂ֨וֹת סְפָרִ֤ים הַרְבֵּה֙ אֵ֣ין קֵ֔ץ וְלַ֥הַג הַרְבֵּ֖ה יְגִעַ֥ת בָּשָֽׂר׃ | And, my son, be warned of anything more than these. There is no end of making many books, and much study is weariness to the flesh. | |
| Eccl 12:13 | ס֥וֹף דָּבָ֖ר הַכֹּ֣ל נִשְׁמָ֑ע אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים יְרָא֙ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֣יו שְׁמ֔וֹר כִּי־זֶ֖ה כָּל־הָאָדָֽם׃ |
We will hear the whole conclusion of the matter:
Fear God and keep his commandments, For this is the whole duty of man. |
|
| Eccl 12:14 | כִּ֤י אֶת־כָּל־מַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים יָבִ֥א בְמִשְׁפָּ֖ט עַ֣ל כָּל־נֶעְלָ֑ם אִם־ט֖וֹב וְאִם־רָֽע׃ |
For God will bring every deed into judgment, With every hidden thing, Whether good or bad. |
|
| Esth 1:1 | וַיְהִ֖י בִּימֵ֣י אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ ה֣וּא אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ הַמֹּלֵךְ֙ מֵהֹ֣דּוּ וְעַד־כּ֔וּשׁ שֶׁ֛בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּמֵאָ֖ה מְדִינָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus – that is Ahasuerus who was reigning from India to Ethiopia, over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces – | Ahasuerus ← Ahashverosh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The Greek name is Xerxes. |
| Esth 1:2 | בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם כְּשֶׁ֣בֶת ׀ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ עַ֚ל כִּסֵּ֣א מַלְכוּת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃ | in those days, when King Ahasuerus was sitting on the throne of his kingdom, which was in the citadel of Shushan, | |
| Esth 1:3 | בִּשְׁנַ֤ת שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ עָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה לְכָל־שָׂרָ֖יו וַעֲבָדָ֑יו חֵ֣יל ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת לְפָנָֽיו׃ | in the third year of his reign, that he held a banquet for all his officials and his servants – from the forces in Persia and Media, the nobles and the officials of the provinces – in his presence, | forces in ← force of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Esth 1:4 | בְּהַרְאֹת֗וֹ אֶת־עֹ֙שֶׁר֙ כְּב֣וֹד מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְאֶ֨ת־יְקָ֔ר תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּדוּלָּת֑וֹ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם׃ | when he exhibited the riches of his glorious kingdom, and the extravagance of his majestic magnificence, for many days – for one hundred and eighty days. |
his glorious kingdom ← the glory of his kingdom. A reverse Hebraic genitive, rather than the regularized his “kingdomly” glory.
his majestic magnificence ← the magnificence of his majesty, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Esth 1:5 | וּבִמְל֣וֹאת ׀ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה עָשָׂ֣ה הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצְאִים֩ בְּשׁוּשַׁ֨ן הַבִּירָ֜ה לְמִגָּ֧דוֹל וְעַד־קָטָ֛ן מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּחֲצַ֕ר גִּנַּ֥ת בִּיתַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And at the conclusion of those days, the king held a feast for all the people present in the citadel of Shushan, for both great and small, for seven days, in the court of the garden of the king's palace, |
conclusion ← completion, fulfilment.
both great and small ← from great and up to small, but the expression does not always admit a range, as in Gen 6:7. |
| Esth 1:6 | ח֣וּר ׀ כַּרְפַּ֣ס וּתְכֵ֗לֶת אָחוּז֙ בְּחַבְלֵי־ב֣וּץ וְאַרְגָּמָ֔ן עַל־גְּלִ֥ילֵי כֶ֖סֶף וְעַמּ֣וּדֵי שֵׁ֑שׁ מִטּ֣וֹת ׀ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֗סֶף עַ֛ל רִֽצְפַ֥ת בַּהַט־וָשֵׁ֖שׁ וְדַ֥ר וְסֹחָֽרֶת׃ | where there was linen and fine cotton and blue material, fastened with byssus cords, and purple material on silver rings, and columns of white marble, and beds of gold and silver on a pavement of porphyry and marble, with pearl and black marble, | byssus: see 1 Chr 15:27. |
| Esth 1:7 | וְהַשְׁקוֹת֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכֵלִ֖ים מִכֵּלִ֣ים שׁוֹנִ֑ים וְיֵ֥ין מַלְכ֛וּת רָ֖ב כְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | and where they served drink in vessels of gold, the vessels differing from one another, with royal wine in abundance according to the means of the king. |
royal wine ← wine of the kingdom, a Hebraic genitive.
means ← hand. |
| Esth 1:8 | וְהַשְּׁתִיָּ֥ה כַדָּ֖ת אֵ֣ין אֹנֵ֑ס כִּי־כֵ֣ן ׀ יִסַּ֣ד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּרְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָאִֽישׁ׃ | And drinking was according to the law: no-one compelled anyone, for so the king had decreed to every dignitary of his house, so that everyone should do as he pleased. | |
| Esth 1:9 | גַּ֚ם וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה עָשְׂתָ֖ה מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה נָשִׁ֑ים בֵּ֚ית הַמַּלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ ס | Vashti the queen also held a banquet for the women in King Ahasuerus's royal house. | |
| Esth 1:10 | בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י כְּט֥וֹב לֵב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בַּיָּ֑יִן אָמַ֡ר לִ֠מְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָ֨א חַרְבוֹנָ֜א בִּגְתָ֤א וַאֲבַגְתָא֙ זֵתַ֣ר וְכַרְכַּ֔ס שִׁבְעַת֙ הַסָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים הַמְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ | On the seventh day, when the king's heart was merry with wine, he told Mehuman, Bizzetha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Carcas – seven eunuchs serving in the presence of King Ahasuerus – |
Bizzetha: AV= Biztha, as if no dagesh forte in the zayin.
Bigtha ... Abagtha: MT ambiguous (closed syllable but no dagesh lene). One would expect Bigta or Bigetha and Abagta or Abagetha. Elsewhere we find Bigthan(a). |
| Esth 1:11 | לְ֠הָבִיא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּכֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת לְהַרְא֨וֹת הָֽעַמִּ֤ים וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ אֶת־יָפְיָ֔הּ כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא׃ | to bring Vashti the queen before the king, with the royal diadem, to show the various peoples and the officers her beauty, for she was fair in appearance. | |
| Esth 1:12 | וַתְּמָאֵ֞ן הַמַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָבוֹא֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּיַ֣ד הַסָּרִיסִ֑ים וַיִּקְצֹ֤ף הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַחֲמָת֖וֹ בָּעֲרָ֥ה בֽוֹ׃ | But Vashti the queen refused to come at the king's bidding, which was conveyed by his eunuchs, and the king became very angry and his fury burned in him. | by ← by the hand of. |
| Esth 1:13 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃ | And the king said to the wise men, who knew the times, for so was the word of the king before all those that knew the law and judicial system, | |
| Esth 1:14 | וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יו כַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת׃ | with those near him being Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena and Memucan, seven officials of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and who were pre-eminent in the kingdom, | were pre-eminent ← sat first. |
| Esth 1:15 | כְּדָת֙ מַֽה־לַּעֲשׂ֔וֹת בַּמַּלְכָּ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֑י עַ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־עָשְׂתָ֗ה אֶֽת־מַאֲמַר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ בְּיַ֖ד הַסָּרִיסִֽים׃ ס | “According to law, what should be done with Vashti the queen, for not doing the bidding of King Ahasuerus conveyed by his eunuchs?” |
should be done ← (is) to do.
by ← by the hand of. |
| Esth 1:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר *מומכן **מְמוּכָ֗ן לִפְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהַשָּׂרִ֔ים לֹ֤א עַל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ עָוְתָ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֕ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ | And {Q: Memucan} [K: Mumcan] said in the presence of the king and the officials, “Vashti the queen has not done wrong to the king alone, but to all the officials and all the various peoples who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. | |
| Esth 1:17 | כִּֽי־יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־הַמַּלְכָּה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים לְהַבְז֥וֹת בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ן בְּאָמְרָ֗ם הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְהָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לְפָנָ֖יו וְלֹא־בָֽאָה׃ | For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women, inducing them to despise their husbands in their eyes, when it is said, ‘King Ahasuerus gave orders to bring Vashti the queen before him, but she did not come.’ | when it is said ← when they (masculine, impersonal) say ← in them saying. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Esth 1:18 | וְֽהַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה תֹּאמַ֣רְנָה ׀ שָׂר֣וֹת פָּֽרַס־וּמָדַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּכְדַ֖י בִּזָּי֥וֹן וָקָֽצֶף׃ | And on this day, the official consorts of Persia and Media who hear the matter of the queen will say likewise to all the king's officials, and there will be plenty of contempt and anger. | |
| Esth 1:19 | אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֗וֹב יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־מַלְכוּת֙ מִלְּפָנָ֔יו וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב בְּדָתֵ֥י פָֽרַס־וּמָדַ֖י וְלֹ֣א יַעֲב֑וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תָב֜וֹא וַשְׁתִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ הַטּוֹבָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ | If the king approves, let a royal decree go out from him, and let it be written in the laws of Persia and Media, which shall not lapse, that Vashti should not come before King Ahasuerus, and that the king shall give her royal estate to another better than she. |
approves ← (it is) good to.
lapse ← pass (over, by). another ← a fellow woman of hers. |
| Esth 1:20 | וְנִשְׁמַע֩ פִּתְגָ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ יְקָר֙ לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לְמִגָּד֖וֹל וְעַד־קָטָֽן׃ | And the king's decree which he will make will be heard in all the kingdom, for it is great, that all wives should give honour to their husbands, to both great and small.” |
all wives should give: the first acrostic: הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ, where the first letter of each word, taken in reverse order, yields the divine name יהוה, YHVH / Jehovah, the Lord.
both great and small ← from great and to small, but the expression does not always admit a range, as in Gen 6:7. |
| Esth 1:21 | וַיִּיטַב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כִּדְבַ֥ר מְמוּכָֽן׃ | And the wording pleased the king and the officials, and the king acted according to the word of Memucan. |
wording: or matter.
pleased ← was good in the ears of. |
| Esth 1:22 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ | And he sent letters to all the king's provinces, to each individual province according to its script, and to each individual people according to their language, that every man should rule in his house, so declaring it in each language of his people. | in each language ← according to the language. |
| Esth 2:1 | אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כְּשֹׁ֕ךְ חֲמַ֖ת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ זָכַ֤ר אֶת־וַשְׁתִּי֙ וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֔תָה וְאֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־נִגְזַ֖ר עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | After these things, when King Ahasuerus's anger had abated, he remembered Vashti and what she had done, and what had been decreed against her. | |
| Esth 2:2 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ נַעֲרֵֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָ֑יו יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ נְעָר֥וֹת בְּתוּל֖וֹת טוֹב֥וֹת מַרְאֶֽה׃ | Then the king's servants who ministered to him said, “Let virgin girls of fair appearance be sought for the king. | let ... be sought ← let them seek. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Esth 2:3 | וְיַפְקֵ֨ד הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ פְּקִידִים֮ בְּכָל־מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתוֹ֒ וְיִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֶת־כָּל־נַעֲרָֽה־בְ֠תוּלָה טוֹבַ֨ת מַרְאֶ֜ה אֶל־שׁוּשַׁ֤ן הַבִּירָה֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֶל־יַ֥ד הֵגֶ֛א סְרִ֥יס הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֑ים וְנָת֖וֹן תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽן׃ | And let the king appoint overseers in all the provinces of his kingdom, and let them gather every virgin girl of fair appearance, to the citadel of Shushan, to the women's quarters, under the care of Hegai the king's eunuch who is keeper of the women. And let them be given their toiletries for purification. |
care ← hand.
Hegai ← Hege here, but elsewhere Hegai, with a different consonantal spelling. let them be given ← give (infinitive absolute taking a jussive role). Avoidance of the passive. |
| Esth 2:4 | וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ תִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּ֣חַת וַשְׁתִּ֑י וַיִּיטַ֧ב הַדָּבָ֛ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃ ס | And let the girl who pleases the king reign instead of Vashti.” And the matter pleased the king, and he did so. | pleases ... pleased ← is ... was good in the eyes of. |
| Esth 2:5 | אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדִ֔י הָיָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָרְדֳּכַ֗י בֶּ֣ן יָאִ֧יר בֶּן־שִׁמְעִ֛י בֶּן־קִ֖ישׁ אִ֥ישׁ יְמִינִֽי׃ | There was a certain Jew in the citadel of Shushan, and his name was Mordecai the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjaminite, |
Mordecai ← Mordocai, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| Esth 2:6 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם עִם־הַגֹּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָגְלְתָ֔ה עִ֖ם יְכָנְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ | who had been deported from Jerusalem with the deportees who were deported with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had deported. | |
| Esth 2:7 | וַיְהִ֨י אֹמֵ֜ן אֶת־הֲדַסָּ֗ה הִ֤יא אֶסְתֵּר֙ בַּת־דֹּד֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין לָ֖הּ אָ֣ב וָאֵ֑ם וְהַנַּעֲרָ֤ה יְפַת־תֹּ֙אַר֙ וְטוֹבַ֣ת מַרְאֶ֔ה וּבְמ֤וֹת אָבִ֙יהָ֙ וְאִמָּ֔הּ לְקָחָ֧הּ מָרְדֳּכַ֛י ל֖וֹ לְבַֽת׃ | And he brought up Hadassah, that is Esther, the daughter of his uncle, for she had no father or mother. And the girl was beautiful in figure and fair in appearance, and when her father and mother died, Mordecai took charge of her as a daughter. |
Esther ← Ester, but we retain the AV / traditional English name.
took charge of ← took to himself. |
| Esth 2:8 | וַיְהִ֗י בְּהִשָּׁמַ֤ע דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְדָת֔וֹ וּֽבְהִקָּבֵ֞ץ נְעָר֥וֹת רַבּ֛וֹת אֶל־שׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָ֖ה אֶל־יַ֣ד הֵגָ֑י וַתִּלָּקַ֤ח אֶסְתֵּר֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־יַ֥ד הֵגַ֖י שֹׁמֵ֥ר הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ | And it came to pass, when the matter of the king and his decree were heard, and when many girls were gathered in the citadel of Shushan, in the care of Hegai, that Esther was taken to the king's house under the care of Hegai, the keeper of the women. |
gathered in ← gathered to.
in the care ← to the hand. Hegai (2x): see Esth 2:3. |
| Esth 2:9 | וַתִּיטַ֨ב הַנַּעֲרָ֣ה בְעֵינָיו֮ וַתִּשָּׂ֣א חֶ֣סֶד לְפָנָיו֒ וַ֠יְבַהֵל אֶת־תַּמְרוּקֶ֤יהָ וְאֶת־מָנוֹתֶ֙הָ֙ לָתֵ֣ת לָ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע הַנְּעָר֔וֹת הָרְאֻי֥וֹת לָֽתֶת־לָ֖הּ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְשַׁנֶּ֧הָ וְאֶת־נַעֲרוֹתֶ֛יהָ לְט֖וֹב בֵּ֥ית הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ | And the girl pleased the king, and she won his favour, and he hastened to give her toiletries for her purification, and her personal goods, and to give her seven distinguished servant-girls from the king's house. And he transferred her and her servant-girls to the best place in the women's quarters. |
pleased: see Esth 2:14.
the king ← him. won his favour ← carried kindness before him. seven distinguished servant-girls ← the seven etc. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. transferred ← changed. |
| Esth 2:10 | לֹא־הִגִּ֣ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אֶת־עַמָּ֖הּ וְאֶת־מֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ כִּ֧י מָרְדֳּכַ֛י צִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תַגִּֽיד׃ | Esther did not declare her nationality or her race, for Mordecai had charged her not to declare them. | or: disjunctive use of the vav. |
| Esth 2:11 | וּבְכָל־י֣וֹם וָי֔וֹם מָרְדֳּכַי֙ מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְ לִפְנֵ֖י חֲצַ֣ר בֵּית־הַנָּשִׁ֑ים לָדַ֙עַת֙ אֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּמַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽהּ׃ | And every day Mordecai walked around in front of the court of the women's quarters, in order to know how Esther was and what was happening to her. |
how Esther was ← Esther's peace.
was happening to ← was being done with. |
| Esth 2:12 | וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩ נַעֲרָ֨ה וְנַעֲרָ֜ה לָב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ מִקֵּץ֩ הֱי֨וֹת לָ֜הּ כְּדָ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר חֹ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י מְרוּקֵיהֶ֑ן שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמֹּ֔ר וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔ים וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖י הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ | And when the turn came for each girl to go to King Ahasuerus at the end of her twelve months, as was the custom of women, for so were the days of their purification fulfilled – six months with oil of myrrh and six months with fragrances and toiletries for purification of women – | fragrances ← balsams. Perfumes can be obtained from balsam plants. |
| Esth 2:13 | וּבָזֶ֕ה הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה בָּאָ֣ה אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֜ר יִנָּ֤תֵֽן לָהּ֙ לָב֣וֹא עִמָּ֔הּ מִבֵּ֥ית הַנָּשִׁ֖ים עַד־בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | the girl would then go to the king. Everything she said would be given to her to go with her from the women's quarters to the king's house. | |
| Esth 2:14 | בָּעֶ֣רֶב ׀ הִ֣יא בָאָ֗ה וּ֠בַבֹּקֶר הִ֣יא שָׁבָ֞ה אֶל־בֵּ֤ית הַנָּשִׁים֙ שֵׁנִ֔י אֶל־יַ֧ד שַֽׁעֲשְׁגַ֛ז סְרִ֥יס הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַפִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים לֹא־תָב֥וֹא עוֹד֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֣י אִם־חָפֵ֥ץ בָּ֛הּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְנִקְרְאָ֥ה בְשֵֽׁם׃ | In the evening she would go, and in the morning she would return to the second women's quarters, in the care of Shaashgaz the king's eunuch who kept the concubines. She would not go again to the king unless the king was pleased with her, and she was called by name. | care ← hand. |
| Esth 2:15 | וּבְהַגִּ֣יעַ תֹּר־אֶסְתֵּ֣ר בַּת־אֲבִיחַ֣יִל דֹּ֣ד מָרְדֳּכַ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ לָקַֽח־ל֨וֹ לְבַ֜ת לָב֣וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לֹ֤א בִקְשָׁה֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֠י אִ֣ם אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י סְרִיס־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֑ים וַתְּהִ֤י אֶסְתֵּר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣את חֵ֔ן בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽיהָ׃ | And when the turn came for Esther, the daughter of Abihail, Mordecai's uncle, whom he had taken as a daughter, to go to the king, she did not request anything except what Hegai the king's eunuch, the keeper of the women, had said. And Esther obtained favour in the eyes of all who beheld her. |
had taken ← had taken to himself.
Hegai: see Esth 2:3. |
| Esth 2:16 | וַתִּלָּקַ֨ח אֶסְתֵּ֜ר אֶל־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית מַלְכוּת֔וֹ בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִ֖י הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ טֵבֵ֑ת בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֖בַע לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | And Esther was taken to King Ahasuerus, to his royal house, in the tenth month – that is the month of Tevet – in the seventh year of his reign. | Tevet: AV= Tebeth, but we use the modern English name. |
| Esth 2:17 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֨ב הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֶת־אֶסְתֵּר֙ מִכָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים וַתִּשָּׂא־חֵ֥ן וָחֶ֛סֶד לְפָנָ֖יו מִכָּל־הַבְּתוּלֹ֑ת וַיָּ֤שֶׂם כֶּֽתֶר־מַלְכוּת֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַיַּמְלִיכֶ֖הָ תַּ֥חַת וַשְׁתִּֽי׃ | And the king loved Esther more than all the other women, and she obtained more grace and favour in his presence than all the other virgins, and he placed the crown of the kingdom on her head, and he made her queen instead of Vashti. | |
| Esth 2:18 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה גָד֗וֹל לְכָל־שָׂרָיו֙ וַעֲבָדָ֔יו אֵ֖ת מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה אֶסְתֵּ֑ר וַהֲנָחָ֤ה לַמְּדִינוֹת֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֥ן מַשְׂאֵ֖ת כְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king held a great banquet for all his officials and servants, the banquet of Esther, and he made a holiday for the provinces, and he gave a gift according to the means of the king. | means ← hand. |
| Esth 2:19 | וּבְהִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And while the virgins were being collected the second time, Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate. | |
| Esth 2:20 | אֵ֣ין אֶסְתֵּ֗ר מַגֶּ֤דֶת מֽוֹלַדְתָּהּ֙ וְאֶת־עַמָּ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וְאֶת־מַאֲמַ֤ר מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עֹשָׂ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר הָיְתָ֥ה בְאָמְנָ֖ה אִתּֽוֹ׃ ס | Esther did not declare her race or her nationality, as Mordecai had charged her, and Esther carried out Mordecai's instruction, as when she was being brought up by him. | being brought up by him ← in upbringing with him. |
| Esth 2:21 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ קָצַף֩ בִּגְתָ֨ן וָתֶ֜רֶשׁ שְׁנֵֽי־סָרִיסֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּ֔ף וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵֽרֹשׁ׃ | In those days while Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate, Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs who guarded the threshold, became angry, and they tried to lay their hands on King Ahasuerus. |
Bigthan: see Esth 1:10.
tried ← sought. hands ← hand. |
| Esth 2:22 | וַיִּוָּדַ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ לְמָרְדֳּכַ֔י וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה וַתֹּ֧אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֛ר לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּשֵׁ֥ם מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ | And the matter became known to Mordecai, and he told Esther the queen, and Esther told the king in Mordecai's name. | |
| Esth 2:23 | וַיְבֻקַּ֤שׁ הַדָּבָר֙ וַיִּמָּצֵ֔א וַיִּתָּל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־עֵ֑ץ וַיִּכָּתֵ֗ב בְּסֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And the matter was investigated, and it was exposed, and the two of them were hanged on gallows, and it was written in the chronicles in the king's presence. |
exposed ← found.
gallows ← wood, a tree, but probably gallows here, as in Esth 5:14. |
| Esth 3:1 | אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ | After these things, King Ahasuerus promoted Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and he elevated him, and he made his seat above all the officials who were with him. | Agagite: so an Amalekite (1 Sam 15:8), descended from the Nephilim (Num 13:29-33), the progeny of fallen angels (Gen 6:4). |
| Esth 3:2 | וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃ | And all the king's servants who were at the king's gate, would bow and prostrate themselves to Haman, for so the king had commanded concerning him, but Mordecai did not bow or prostrate himself. | |
| Esth 3:3 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ עַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י מַדּ֙וּעַ֙ אַתָּ֣ה עוֹבֵ֔ר אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king's servants who were at the king's gate asked Mordecai, “Why do you transgress the king's command?” | asked ← said to. |
| Esth 3:4 | וַיְהִ֗י *באמרם **כְּאָמְרָ֤ם אֵלָיו֙ י֣וֹם וָי֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְהָמָ֗ן לִרְאוֹת֙ הֲיַֽעַמְדוּ֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי׃ | And it happened that {K: when} [Q: as] they instructed him each day, he didn't take notice of them, and they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's behaviour would stand, for he had told them that he was a Jew. |
take notice of them ← hear them.
behaviour ← words, but also affairs, with wide semantic scope. |
| Esth 3:5 | וַיַּ֣רְא הָמָ֔ן כִּי־אֵ֣ין מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כֹּרֵ֥עַ וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֖ן חֵמָֽה׃ | And when Haman saw that Mordecai was not bowing and prostrating himself to him, Haman was filled with fury. | |
| Esth 3:6 | וַיִּ֣בֶז בְּעֵינָ֗יו לִשְׁלֹ֤ח יָד֙ בְּמָרְדֳּכַ֣י לְבַדּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥ידוּ ל֖וֹ אֶת־עַ֣ם מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַיְבַקֵּ֣שׁ הָמָ֗ן לְהַשְׁמִ֧יד אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּכָל־מַלְכ֥וּת אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ עַ֥ם מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ | But he considered it contemptible to lay hands on Mordecai alone, for they had told him Mordecai's nationality, and Haman looked for a way to destroy all the Jews who were in the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus – Mordecai's people. |
considered it contemptible ← despised in his eyes.
looked for a way ← sought. |
| Esth 3:7 | בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ ס | In the first month, that is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they cast Pur – that is a lot – in the presence of Haman day by day and month by month, up to the twelfth month – that is the month of Adar. |
they cast Pur: i.e. Haman's associates cast lots to determine a favourable time [CB]. See Esth 9:26.
a lot ← the lot. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Esth 3:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ | And Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is one people, scattered and separated among the various peoples in every province of your kingdom, and their laws are different from the laws of every other people, and they do not comply with the king's laws, and it is not fitting for the king to suffer them. | comply with ← do. |
| Esth 3:9 | אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב יִכָּתֵ֖ב לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וַעֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף אֶשְׁקוֹל֙ עַל־יְדֵי֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה לְהָבִ֖יא אֶל־גִּנְזֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | If the king sees fit, let it be written to destroy them, and I will weigh ten thousand talents of silver to be paid to those who do the job, to be brought to the king's treasuries.” |
the king sees fit ← (it is) good at the king.
talents: see Ex 25:39. to be paid to ← to the hands of. to be brought ← to bring. The money goes ↴ |
| Esth 3:10 | וַיָּ֧סַר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֣ל יָד֑וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֗הּ לְהָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י צֹרֵ֥ר הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | And the king removed his ring from his hand and gave it to Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. |
↳ to the king's treasuries prior to official distribution to those who do the job. See Esth 4:7.
Agagite: see Esth 3:1. |
| Esth 3:11 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהָמָ֔ן הַכֶּ֖סֶף נָת֣וּן לָ֑ךְ וְהָעָ֕ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ כַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | And the king said to Haman, “The money is given to you, and it is for you to do to the people what is right in your sight.” | |
| Esth 3:12 | וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽאֶל־הַפַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה וְאֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָעָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king's scribes were called in the first month, on the thirteenth day of it, and it was written according to everything that Haman commanded the king's satraps and the governors who were in charge of every province, and the officials of every people – every province according to their script, and every people according to their language. In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the king's ring. | every province ... every people (2x) ← province and province ... people and people. |
| Esth 3:13 | וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֨ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ | And the letters were sent by runners to all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill and to cause to perish all the Jews, from the child to the old man, little children and women, in one day, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month – that is the month of Adar – and to plunder their spoil. |
were sent: niphal infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
runners ← the runners. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| Esth 3:14 | פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים לִהְי֥וֹת עֲתִדִ֖ים לַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | A transcript of the writing was to be issued as a decree in every single province, published to all the various peoples, for them to be ready on this day. | every single province ← every province and province. |
| Esth 3:15 | הָֽרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃ פ | The runners went out with haste at the king's word, and the decree was issued in the citadel of Shushan, and the king and Haman sat down to drink, while the city of Shushan was in confusion. | |
| Esth 4:1 | וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָאֵ֑פֶר וַיֵּצֵא֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּמָרָֽה׃ | Now Mordecai knew everything that had been done, and Mordecai tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes, and he went out to the middle of the city, and he cried out with a great and bitter cry. | |
| Esth 4:2 | וַיָּב֕וֹא עַ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין לָב֛וֹא אֶל־שַׁ֥עַר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּלְב֥וּשׁ שָֽׂק׃ | And he went in front of the king's gate, for it was not permitted to go in to the king's gate in sackcloth clothing. | |
| Esth 4:3 | וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ אֵ֤בֶל גָּדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְצ֥וֹם וּבְכִ֖י וּמִסְפֵּ֑ד שַׂ֣ק וָאֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽרַבִּֽים׃ | And in every single province, wherever the word of the king and his decree arrived, there was great mourning among the Jews, and there was fasting and weeping and bewailing. Sackcloth was worn and ashes were strewn by many. | |
| Esth 4:4 | וַ֠תָּבוֹאינָה נַעֲר֨וֹת אֶסְתֵּ֤ר וְסָרִיסֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔הּ וַתִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּשְׁלַ֨ח בְּגָדִ֜ים לְהַלְבִּ֣ישׁ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֗י וּלְהָסִ֥יר שַׂקּ֛וֹ מֵעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א קִבֵּֽל׃ | And when Esther's servant-girls and her eunuchs came and told her, the queen was very grieved, and she sent clothing to clothe Mordecai and to have him remove his sackcloth, but he did not accept it. |
came: [BHS] but not [WLC] has a qeré as an alternative form to the ketiv with the same meaning.
remove ← remove from on him. |
| Esth 4:5 | וַתִּקְרָא֩ אֶסְתֵּ֨ר לַהֲתָ֜ךְ מִסָּרִיסֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶעֱמִ֣יד לְפָנֶ֔יהָ וַתְּצַוֵּ֖הוּ עַֽל־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י לָדַ֥עַת מַה־זֶּ֖ה וְעַל־מַה־זֶּֽה׃ | And Esther called for Hathach, one of the king's eunuchs whom he had appointed to be in her presence, and she commanded him concerning Mordecai, to find out what this was and why this was. | Hathach: AV= Hatach. |
| Esth 4:6 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א הֲתָ֖ךְ אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י אֶל־רְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י שַֽׁעַר־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Hathach went out to Mordecai, to the street of the city which was in front of the king's gate. | Hathach: see Esth 4:5. |
| Esth 4:7 | וַיַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑הוּ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ פָּרָשַׁ֣ת הַכֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר הָמָן֙ לִ֠שְׁקוֹל עַל־גִּנְזֵ֥י הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ *ביהודיים **בַּיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְאַבְּדָֽם׃ | And Mordecai told him everything that had befallen him, and the specification of the sum of money which Haman had said that he would weigh to go into the king's treasuries in an act against the Jews, to destroy them. | Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré. |
| Esth 4:8 | וְאֶת־פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּשׁוּשָׁ֤ן לְהַשְׁמִידָם֙ נָ֣תַן ל֔וֹ לְהַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּלְהַגִּ֣יד לָ֑הּ וּלְצַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗יהָ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ לְהִֽתְחַנֶּן־ל֛וֹ וּלְבַקֵּ֥שׁ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו עַל־עַמָּֽהּ׃ | And he gave him a transcript of the text of the decree which was issued in Shushan, to destroy them, to show Esther and to tell her, and to command her to go to the king and to supplicate him and to plead before him concerning her people. | |
| Esth 4:9 | וַיָּב֖וֹא הֲתָ֑ךְ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְאֶסְתֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ | And Hathach went back and told Esther Mordecai's words. | Hathach: see Esth 4:5. |
| Esth 4:10 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֶסְתֵּר֙ לַהֲתָ֔ךְ וַתְּצַוֵּ֖הוּ אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ | And Esther spoke to Hathach, and she commanded him to go to Mordecai and say, | Hathach: see Esth 4:5. |
| Esth 4:11 | כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ וְעַם־מְדִינ֨וֹת הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ יֽוֹדְעִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָבֽוֹא־אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֩ אֶל־הֶחָצֵ֨ר הַפְּנִימִ֜ית אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֗א אַחַ֤ת דָּתוֹ֙ לְהָמִ֔ית לְ֠בַד מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יֽוֹשִׁיט־ל֥וֹ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֥יט הַזָּהָ֖ב וְחָיָ֑ה וַאֲנִ֗י לֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֙אתי֙ לָב֣וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ | “All the king's servants and the people of the king's provinces know that for every man or woman who goes to the king, to the inner court, who has not been called, that there is one law about this, to kill the person unless the king extends the golden sceptre to him, so that he should live. I have not been called to go to the king for thirty days now.” | |
| Esth 4:12 | וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְמָרְדֳּכָ֔י אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֶסְתֵּֽר׃ פ | And they told Mordecai Esther's words. | |
| Esth 4:13 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מָרְדֳּכַ֖י לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־אֶסְתֵּ֑ר אַל־תְּדַמִּ֣י בְנַפְשֵׁ֔ךְ לְהִמָּלֵ֥ט בֵּית־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מִכָּל־הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | And Mordecai said to report back to Esther, “Do not think to yourself that you will escape in the king's house any more than all Jews will. | to yourself ← in your soul. |
| Esth 4:14 | כִּ֣י אִם־הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִישִׁי֮ בָּעֵ֣ת הַזֹּאת֒ רֶ֣וַח וְהַצָּלָ֞ה יַעֲמ֤וֹד לַיְּהוּדִים֙ מִמָּק֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר וְאַ֥תְּ וּבֵית־אָבִ֖יךְ תֹּאבֵ֑דוּ וּמִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ אִם־לְעֵ֣ת כָּזֹ֔את הִגַּ֖עַתְּ לַמַּלְכֽוּת׃ | For if you are completely silent at this time, relief and deliverance will be set up for the Jews from another place, but you and the house of your father will perish. And who knows whether it was for a time like this that you came into the kingdom?” | you are completely silent: infinitive absolute. |
| Esth 4:15 | וַתֹּ֥אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֖ר לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃ | And Esther said to report to Mordecai as follows: | |
| Esth 4:16 | לֵךְ֩ כְּנ֨וֹס אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֣ים בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן וְצ֣וּמוּ עָ֠לַי וְאַל־תֹּאכְל֨וּ וְאַל־תִּשְׁתּ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ לַ֣יְלָה וָי֔וֹם גַּם־אֲנִ֥י וְנַעֲרֹתַ֖י אָצ֣וּם כֵּ֑ן וּבְכֵ֞ן אָב֤וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַדָּ֔ת וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי׃ | “Go and assemble all the Jews who are present in Shushan and fast for me, and do not eat or drink for three days, night and day. I too and my servant-girls will fast likewise, and then I will go to the king in the way not according to the law, and if I perish, I perish.” |
present ← found.
fast: plural, so applicable to Mordecai and the assembled Jews. |
| Esth 4:17 | וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוְּתָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו אֶסְתֵּֽר׃ ס | And Mordecai moved on and acted according to everything that Esther had commanded him. | moved on ← passed over. |
| Esth 5:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וַתִּלְבַּ֤שׁ אֶסְתֵּר֙ מַלְכ֔וּת וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֞ד בַּחֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּנִימִ֔ית נֹ֖כַח בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְ֠הַמֶּלֶךְ יוֹשֵׁ֞ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֤א מַלְכוּתוֹ֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמַּלְכ֔וּת נֹ֖כַח פֶּ֥תַח הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And it came to pass on the third day that Esther put on her royal dress and stood in the inner court of the king's house, opposite the king's house, while the king was sitting on his royal throne in the royal house opposite the door of the house. | |
| Esth 5:2 | וַיְהִי֩ כִרְא֨וֹת הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֗ה עֹמֶ֙דֶת֙ בֶּֽחָצֵ֔ר נָשְׂאָ֥ה חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַיּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָד֔וֹ וַתִּקְרַ֣ב אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וַתִּגַּ֖ע בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הַשַּׁרְבִֽיט׃ ס | And it came to pass when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court that she obtained favour in his sight, and the king extended to Esther the golden sceptre which was in his hand. And Esther approached, and she touched the top of the sceptre. | |
| Esth 5:3 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַה־לָּ֖ךְ אֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַמַּלְכ֖וּת וְיִנָּ֥תֵֽן לָֽךְ׃ | And the king said to her, “What is the matter, Queen Esther? And what is your request? Ask for up to half of the kingdom, and it shall be given to you.” | what is the matter ← what (is) to you? |
| Esth 5:4 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ט֑וֹב יָב֨וֹא הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לֽוֹ׃ | And Esther said, “If it has the king's approval, let the king and Haman come to the banquet today which I have prepared for him.” |
let the king and Haman come ... today: the second acrostic: יָב֨וֹא הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ הַיּ֔וֹם, where the first letter of each word, taken in forwards order, yields the divine name יהוה, YHVH / Jehovah, the Lord.
it has the king's approval ← (it is) good at the king. |
| Esth 5:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַהֲרוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֑ר וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהָמָ֔ן אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֥ה אֶסְתֵּֽר׃ | And the king said, “Tell Haman to make haste to do what Esther said.” And the king and Haman came to the banquet which Esther had prepared. | prepared ← made. |
| Esth 5:6 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּר֙ בְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֖ךְ וְיִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַמַּלְכ֖וּת וְתֵעָֽשׂ׃ | And the king said to Esther at the banquet of wine, “What is your petition? Ask, and it will be given to you. And what is your request? Ask for up to half of the kingdom, and it will be done.” | |
| Esth 5:7 | וַתַּ֥עַן אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וַתֹּאמַ֑ר שְׁאֵלָתִ֖י וּבַקָּשָׁתִֽי׃ | And Esther answered and said, “My petition and request is: | |
| Esth 5:8 | אִם־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֜ן בְּעֵינֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְאִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ ט֔וֹב לָתֵת֙ אֶת־שְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔י וְלַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־בַּקָּשָׁתִ֑י יָב֧וֹא הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ וְהָמָ֗ן אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם וּמָחָ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה כִּדְבַ֥ר הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | if I have found favour with the king, and if the king approves, to accede to my petition and to carry out my request, let the king and Haman come to my banquet which I will hold for them, and tomorrow I will do according to the king's word.” | the king approves ← (it is) good at the king. |
| Esth 5:9 | וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָמָן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא שָׂמֵ֖חַ וְט֣וֹב לֵ֑ב וְכִרְאוֹת֩ הָמָ֨ן אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֜י בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֹא־קָם֙ וְלֹא־זָ֣ע מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֛ן עַֽל־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י חֵמָֽה׃ | And Haman went out on that day rejoicing, and glad in his heart, but when Haman saw Mordecai at the king's gate, and that he did not rise or move on account of him, Haman was filled with fury about Mordecai. | glad in his heart ← good of heart. |
| Esth 5:10 | וַיִּתְאַפַּ֣ק הָמָ֔ן וַיָּב֖וֹא אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֛ח וַיָּבֵ֥א אֶת־אֹהֲבָ֖יו וְאֶת־זֶ֥רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | But Haman restrained himself and went to his house, and he sent for and invited his friends and Zeresh his wife. | invited ← brought. |
| Esth 5:11 | וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר לָהֶ֥ם הָמָ֛ן אֶת־כְּב֥וֹד עָשְׁר֖וֹ וְרֹ֣ב בָּנָ֑יו וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר גִּדְּל֤וֹ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְּׂא֔וֹ עַל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְעַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Haman told them about the glory of his riches and the multitude of his sons, and everything with which the king had made him great, and that he had elevated him above officials and the king's servants. | |
| Esth 5:12 | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ הָמָן֒ אַ֣ף לֹא־הֵבִיאָה֩ אֶסְתֵּ֨ר הַמַּלְכָּ֧ה עִם־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖תָה כִּ֣י אִם־אוֹתִ֑י וְגַם־לְמָחָ֛ר אֲנִ֥י קָֽרוּא־לָ֖הּ עִם־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Haman said, “Also, Esther the queen did not invite anyone with the king to the banquet which she held but me, and also tomorrow I have been invited to her with the king. | invite ... invited ← bring ... called. |
| Esth 5:13 | וְכָל־זֶ֕ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ שֹׁוֶ֖ה לִ֑י בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מָרְדֳּכַ֣י הַיְּהוּדִ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Yet all this does not satisfy me, all the time I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate.” | all this does not satisfy me: the third acrostic: זֶ֕ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ שֹׁוֶ֖ה לִ֑י, where the last letter of each word, taken in reverse order, yields the divine name יהוה, YHVH / Jehovah, the Lord. |
| Esth 5:14 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לוֹ֩ זֶ֨רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֜וֹ וְכָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗יו יַֽעֲשׂוּ־עֵץ֮ גָּבֹ֣הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּה֒ וּבַבֹּ֣קֶר ׀ אֱמֹ֣ר לַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבֹֽא־עִם־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֶל הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה שָׂמֵ֑חַ וַיִּיטַ֧ב הַדָּבָ֛ר לִפְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָעֵֽץ׃ פ | And Zeresh his wife and all his friends said to him, “Let them make gallows, fifty cubits high, and in the morning, tell the king and let them hang Mordecai on it, and go with the king to the banquet a happy man.” And the matter had Haman's approval, and he made the gallows. |
gallows (2x) ← wood; a tree.
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. had Haman's approval ← was good before Haman. |
| Esth 6:1 | בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא נָדְדָ֖ה שְׁנַ֣ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְהָבִ֞יא אֶת־סֵ֤פֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַיָּמִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֥וּ נִקְרָאִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | On that night, the king's sleep deserted him, and he commanded to bring the book of the records – the chronicles – and they were read before the king. |
deserted him ← wandered, flew away.
commanded ← said. |
| Esth 6:2 | וַיִּמָּצֵ֣א כָת֗וּב אֲשֶׁר֩ הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל־בִּגְתָ֣נָא וָתֶ֗רֶשׁ שְׁנֵי֙ סָרִיסֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֖י הַסַּ֑ף אֲשֶׁ֤ר בִּקְשׁוּ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ | And it was found written that Mordecai told about Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, of those guarding the threshold, who tried to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. |
Bigthana: see Esth 1:10.
tried ← sought. lay hands ← cast a hand. |
| Esth 6:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַֽה־נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה יְקָ֧ר וּגְדוּלָּ֛ה לְמָרְדֳּכַ֖י עַל־זֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מְשָׁ֣רְתָ֔יו לֹא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה עִמּ֖וֹ דָּבָֽר׃ | And the king said, “What has been done by way of honour and greatness for Mordecai concerning this?” And the king's servants who ministered to him, said, “Nothing has been done for him.” | |
| Esth 6:4 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מִ֣י בֶחָצֵ֑ר וְהָמָ֣ן בָּ֗א לַחֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַחִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה לֵאמֹ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִתְלוֹת֙ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֔י עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֥ין לֽוֹ׃ | And the king said, “Who is in the court?” Now Haman had come to the outer court of the king's house, to say to the king to hang Mordecai on the gallows which he had prepared for him. | gallows ← wood, tree. |
| Esth 6:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה הָמָ֖ן עֹמֵ֣ד בֶּחָצֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יָבֽוֹא׃ | And the king's servants said to him, “Look, Haman is standing in the court.” And the king said, “Let him come in.” | |
| Esth 6:6 | וַיָּבוֹא֮ הָמָן֒ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מַה־לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת בָּאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּיקָר֑וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ בְּלִבּ֔וֹ לְמִ֞י יַחְפֹּ֥ץ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת יְקָ֖ר יוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | So Haman came in, and the king said to him, “What should be done for the man whom the king is pleased to honour?” And Haman said in his heart, “On whom is the king pleased to bestow honour more than on me?” |
should be done ← is to do.
to honour ← with / in his honour. |
| Esth 6:7 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָמָ֖ן אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּיקָרֽוֹ׃ | And Haman said to the king, “For the man whom the king is pleased to honour, | to honour: see Esth 6:6. |
| Esth 6:8 | יָבִ֙יאוּ֙ לְב֣וּשׁ מַלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָֽבַשׁ־בּ֖וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְס֗וּס אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָכַ֤ב עָלָיו֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ | let royal clothing be brought which the king wears, and a horse upon which the king rides, and the royal crown which is put on his head. |
let ... be brought ← let them bring. Avoidance of the passive.
wears ... rides: or wore ... rode. |
| Esth 6:9 | וְנָת֨וֹן הַלְּב֜וּשׁ וְהַסּ֗וּס עַל־יַד־אִ֞ישׁ מִשָּׂרֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֔ים וְהִלְבִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽיקָר֑וֹ וְהִרְכִּיבֻ֤הוּ עַל־הַסּוּס֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וְקָרְא֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּיקָרֽוֹ׃ | And put the clothing and the horse in the care of a man, one of the king's most noble officials, and let them clothe the man whom the king is pleased to honour, and have them let him ride on the horse in the main street of the city, and they will call out before him, ‘This is how it is done for the man whom the king is pleased to honour.’ ” |
put: infinitive absolute (qal, active voice) in the role of an imperative.
care ← hand. to honour (2x): see Esth 6:6. |
| Esth 6:10 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְהָמָ֗ן מַ֠הֵר קַ֣ח אֶת־הַלְּב֤וּשׁ וְאֶת־הַסּוּס֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ וַֽעֲשֵׂה־כֵן֙ לְמָרְדֳּכַ֣י הַיְּהוּדִ֔י הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אַל־תַּפֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | Then the king said to Haman, “Hasten and get the clothing and the horse, according to what you said, and let it be done to Mordecai the Jew who sits at the king's gate. Let no aspect of anything you have said fail.” | anything ← everything. |
| Esth 6:11 | וַיִּקַּ֤ח הָמָן֙ אֶת־הַלְּב֣וּשׁ וְאֶת־הַסּ֔וּס וַיַּלְבֵּ֖שׁ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַיַּרְכִּיבֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וַיִּקְרָ֣א לְפָנָ֔יו כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּיקָרֽוֹ׃ | So Haman took the clothing and the horse, and he clothed Mordecai, and let him ride through the main street of the city, and he called out before him, “This is how it is done for the man whom the king is pleased to honour.” | to honour: see Esth 6:6. |
| Esth 6:12 | וַיָּ֥שָׁב מָרְדֳּכַ֖י אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ נִדְחַ֣ף אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ אָבֵ֖ל וַחֲפ֥וּי רֹֽאשׁ׃ | And Mordecai returned to the king's gate, but Haman hastened to his house mourning and with his face covered. | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Esth 6:13 | וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר הָמָ֜ן לְזֶ֤רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וּלְכָל־אֹ֣הֲבָ֔יו אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֩אמְרוּ֩ ל֨וֹ חֲכָמָ֜יו וְזֶ֣רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ אִ֣ם מִזֶּ֣רַע הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁר֩ הַחִלּ֨וֹתָ לִנְפֹּ֤ל לְפָנָיו֙ לֹא־תוּכַ֣ל ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־נָפ֥וֹל תִּפּ֖וֹל לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And Haman told Zeresh his wife, and all his friends, everything that had befallen him. And his wise men and Zeresh his wife said to him, “If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of Jewish seed, you will not prevail against him, but you will certainly fall before him.” |
you have begun: with Aramaic pointing (הַ for הֲ), as in Deut 2:31.
will certainly fall: infinitive absolute. |
| Esth 6:14 | עוֹדָם֙ מְדַבְּרִ֣ים עִמּ֔וֹ וְסָרִיסֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הִגִּ֑יעוּ וַיַּבְהִ֙לוּ֙ לְהָבִ֣יא אֶת־הָמָ֔ן אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֥ה אֶסְתֵּֽר׃ | Then while they were still speaking with him, the king's eunuchs arrived and hastened to bring Haman to the banquet which Esther was holding. | |
| Esth 7:1 | וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהָמָ֔ן לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת עִם־אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּֽה׃ | And the king and Haman came to banquet with Esther the queen. | to banquet ← to drink, but the root is used in the noun banquet. |
| Esth 7:2 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֜ר גַּ֣ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ בְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֛ךְ אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה וְתִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַמַּלְכ֖וּת וְתֵעָֽשׂ׃ | And the king said to Esther, on the second day at the wine banquet as well, “What is your petition, Queen Esther? Ask, and it will be given to you, and what is your request? Ask for up to half of the kingdom, and it will be done.” | |
| Esth 7:3 | וַתַּ֨עַן אֶסְתֵּ֤ר הַמַּלְכָּה֙ וַתֹּאמַ֔ר אִם־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ט֑וֹב תִּנָּֽתֶן־לִ֤י נַפְשִׁי֙ בִּשְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔י וְעַמִּ֖י בְּבַקָּשָׁתִֽי׃ | And Esther the queen answered and said, “If I have found favour in your sight, O king, and if the king approves, let my life be given to me at my petition, and that of my people at my request. |
if the king approves: see Esth 1:9.
life ← soul. |
| Esth 7:4 | כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֙רְנוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמִּ֔י לְהַשְׁמִ֖יד לַהֲר֣וֹג וּלְאַבֵּ֑ד וְ֠אִלּוּ לַעֲבָדִ֨ים וְלִשְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֙רְנוּ֙ הֶחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַצָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּנֵ֥זֶק הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | For we have been sold – I and my people – to be destroyed, to be killed and to be eliminated. But if we had been sold as slaves and servant-girls, I would have remained silent, for the distress would not be suitable grounds for disturbing the king.” |
to be destroyed, to be killed and to be eliminated ← (for others) to destroy, to kill and to eliminate.
The AV differs in the last clause. |
| Esth 7:5 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה מִ֣י ה֥וּא זֶה֙ וְאֵֽי־זֶ֣ה ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר־מְלָא֥וֹ לִבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת כֵּֽן׃ | And King Ahasuerus spoke and said to Esther the queen, “Who is this, and where is he, whose heart has emboldened him to act this way?” |
is this, and where is he: a fifth acrostic, of a different kind to the others: ה֥וּא זֶה֙ וְאֵֽי־זֶ֣ה, where the last letter of each word, taken in forwards order, yields the divine title אהיה, EHYEH / I AM, of Ex 3:14.
heart ← filled. Compare Eccl 8:11. |
| Esth 7:6 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר־אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אִ֚ישׁ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב הָמָ֥ן הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָמָ֣ן נִבְעַ֔ת מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַמַּלְכָּֽה׃ | And Esther said, “An adversarial and hostile man – this wicked Haman.” And Haman was terrified in the presence of the king and the queen. | |
| Esth 7:7 | וְהַמֶּ֜לֶךְ קָ֤ם בַּחֲמָתוֹ֙ מִמִּשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן אֶל־גִּנַּ֖ת הַבִּיתָ֑ן וְהָמָ֣ן עָמַ֗ד לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ עַל־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מֵֽאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו הָרָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king rose in his fury from the wine banquet, and he went to the palace garden, while Haman stood to plead for his life with Esther the queen, for he saw that evil was determined against him by the king. |
that evil was determined against him: the fourth acrostic of this kind: כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו הָרָעָ֖ה, where the last letter of each word, taken in forwards order, yields the divine name יהוה, YHVH / Jehovah, the Lord.
life ← soul. |
| Esth 7:8 | וְהַמֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩ מִגִּנַּ֨ת הַבִּיתָ֜ן אֶל־בֵּ֣ית ׀ מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֗יִן וְהָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַמִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲ֠גַם לִכְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖י בַּבָּ֑יִת הַדָּבָ֗ר יָצָא֙ מִפִּ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּפְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ׃ ס | And the king returned from the palace garden to the house of the wine banquet, and Haman fell onto the couch on which Esther was, and the king said, “Are you also going to assault the queen at home with me?” And the word went out from the king's mouth, and they covered Haman's face. | |
| Esth 7:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חַ֠רְבוֹנָה אֶחָ֨ד מִן־הַסָּרִיסִ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ גַּ֣ם הִנֵּה־הָעֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֪ה הָמָ֟ן לְֽמָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹמֵד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָמָ֔ן גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ תְּלֻ֥הוּ עָלָֽיו׃ | And Harbonah, one of the eunuchs in the presence of the king, said, “Look at the gallows as well, which Haman made for Mordecai who had given good information concerning the king, standing at Haman's house, fifty cubits high.” And the king said, “Hang him on it.” |
gallows ← wood, tree.
given ← spoken. cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Esth 7:10 | וַיִּתְלוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֣ין לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַחֲמַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה׃ פ | And they hanged Haman on the gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai, and the king's fury abated. | gallows ← wood, tree. |
| Esth 8:1 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נָתַ֞ן הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הָמָ֖ן צֹרֵ֣ר *היהודיים **הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י בָּ֚א לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽהּ׃ | On that day, King Ahasuerus gave the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, to Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told him what relation he was to her. | Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, as in Esth 4:7. |
| Esth 8:2 | וַיָּ֨סַר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽהָמָ֔ן וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּ לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַתָּ֧שֶׂם אֶסְתֵּ֛ר אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עַל־בֵּ֥ית הָמָֽן׃ פ | And the king removed his ring which he had taken away from Haman, and he gave it to Mordecai. And Esther appointed Mordecai over Haman's house. | |
| Esth 8:3 | וַתּ֣וֹסֶף אֶסְתֵּ֗ר וַתְּדַבֵּר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתִּפֹּ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑יו וַתֵּ֣בְךְּ וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ל֗וֹ לְהַֽעֲבִיר֙ אֶת־רָעַת֙ הָמָ֣ן הָֽאֲגָגִ֔י וְאֵת֙ מַֽחֲשַׁבְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | And Esther spoke again before the king, and she fell at his feet, and she wept and implored him to revoke the evil of Haman the Agagite, and his plan which he had plotted against the Jews. |
Agagite: see Esth 3:1.
plan which he had plotted ← thought which he thought. |
| Esth 8:4 | וַיּ֤וֹשֶׁט הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְאֶסְתֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת שַׁרְבִ֣ט הַזָּהָ֑ב וַתָּ֣קָם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king extended his golden sceptre to Esther, and Esther arose and stood before the king. | |
| Esth 8:5 | וַ֠תֹּאמֶר אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ ט֜וֹב וְאִם־מָצָ֧אתִי חֵ֣ן לְפָנָ֗יו וְכָשֵׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְטוֹבָ֥ה אֲנִ֖י בְּעֵינָ֑יו יִכָּתֵ֞ב לְהָשִׁ֣יב אֶת־הַסְּפָרִ֗ים מַחֲשֶׁ֜בֶת הָמָ֤ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֙תָא֙ הָאֲגָגִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּתַ֗ב לְאַבֵּד֙ אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֥וֹת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And she said, “If the king approves, and if I have found favour in his sight, and the matter is fitting to the king, and if I am agreeable in his sight, let it be written to rescind the letters of the plot of Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote, to destroy the Jews who are in all the king's provinces. |
if the king approves: see Esth 1:9.
Agagite: see Esth 3:1. |
| Esth 8:6 | כִּ֠י אֵיכָכָ֤ה אוּכַל֙ וְֽרָאִ֔יתִי בָּרָעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־יִמְצָ֣א אֶת־עַמִּ֑י וְאֵֽיכָכָ֤ה אוּכַל֙ וְֽרָאִ֔יתִי בְּאָבְדַ֖ן מוֹלַדְתִּֽי׃ ס | For how could I endure and see the evil which would come upon my people, and how could I endure and see the elimination of my kin?” | come upon ← find. |
| Esth 8:7 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה וּֽלְמָרְדֳּכַ֖י הַיְּהוּדִ֑י הִנֵּ֨ה בֵית־הָמָ֜ן נָתַ֣תִּי לְאֶסְתֵּ֗ר וְאֹתוֹ֙ תָּל֣וּ עַל־הָעֵ֔ץ עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יָד֖וֹ *ביהודיים **בַּיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | And King Ahasuerus said to Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, “Look, I have given the house of Haman to Esther, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because he laid his hands on the Jews. |
Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, as in Esth 4:7.
gallows ← wood, tree. laid his hands ← sent his hand. |
| Esth 8:8 | וְ֠אַתֶּם כִּתְב֨וּ עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים כַּטּ֤וֹב בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְחִתְמ֖וּ בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּשֵׁם־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵ֥ין לְהָשִֽׁיב׃ | Write to the Jews as seems right in your sight, in the name of the king, and seal it with the king's ring, for any writing which is written in the name of the king and is sealed with the king's seal cannot be rescinded.” |
write: plural.
is sealed: infinitive absolute, [AnLx], in the role of a finite verb or participle. cannot be rescinded ← is not to rescind. |
| Esth 8:9 | וַיִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בָּֽעֵת־הַ֠הִיא בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מָרְדֳּכַ֣י אֶל־הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים וְאֶ֣ל הָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִֽים־וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ וְשָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ מֵהֹ֣דּוּ וְעַד־כּ֗וּשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּמֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשֹׁנ֑וֹ וְאֶ֨ל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים כִּכְתָבָ֖ם וְכִלְשׁוֹנָֽם׃ | And the king's scribes were called at that time, in the third month – that is the month of Sivan – on the twenty-third day in it, and it was written according to everything that Mordecai commanded the Jews and the satraps and the governors and the officials of the provinces which are from India to Ethiopia – one hundred and twenty-seven provinces – to each individual province according to its script, and to each individual people according to their language, and to the Jews according to their script and according to their language. |
This is the longest verse in the Hebrew Bible (43 words), followed by 2 Ki 1:6 and Esth 4:11 (41 words).
each individual province ... each individual people ← province and province ... people and people. |
| Esth 8:10 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃ | And he wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus, and he sealed it with the king's seal, and he sent the letters by the agency of couriers on horses – or rather riders of royal mule stallions, being the offspring of royal mares – | agency ← hand. |
| Esth 8:11 | אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ | that the king allowed the Jews who were in each individual city to be gathered and to take a stand for their lives, and to destroy and to kill and to eliminate every army of a people or province hostile to them, children and women, and to plunder their spoil, |
each individual city ← every city and city.
lives ← souls. |
| Esth 8:12 | בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ | on one day, in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, that is the month of Adar. | |
| Esth 8:13 | פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְלִהְי֨וֹת *היהודיים **הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים *עתודים **עֲתִידִים֙ לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | A transcript of the writing was to be issued as a decree in every individual province, published to all the various peoples, and for the Jews to be prepared for that day, to avenge themselves of their enemies. |
Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, as in Esth 4:7.
prepared: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. that day ← this day. |
| Esth 8:14 | הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃ פ | The couriers riding on royal mule stallions went out hastening and pressing on at the king's word, and the decree was issued at the citadel of Shushan. | |
| Esth 8:15 | וּמָרְדֳּכַ֞י יָצָ֣א ׀ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ בִּלְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וָח֔וּר וַעֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וְתַכְרִ֥יךְ בּ֖וּץ וְאַרְגָּמָ֑ן וְהָעִ֣יר שׁוּשָׁ֔ן צָהֲלָ֖ה וְשָׂמֵֽחָה׃ | And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal clothing, in blue material, and white linen, and a large golden crown, and a robe of fine linen, and purple material. And the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad. | |
| Esth 8:16 | לַיְּהוּדִ֕ים הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה וְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וְשָׂשֹׂ֖ן וִיקָֽר׃ | The Jews had prosperity and joy and happiness and honour. | prosperity: or enlightenment. |
| Esth 8:17 | וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֨ה וּמְדִינָ֜ה וּבְכָל־עִ֣יר וָעִ֗יר מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וְרַבִּ֞ים מֵֽעַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And in every individual province, and in every individual city – every place where the word of the king and his decree arrived – the Jews had joy and happiness. They held a feast and a holiday, and many of the people of the land became Jews, for the fear of the Jews had fallen on them. | holiday ← good day. |
| Esth 9:1 | וּבִשְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִגִּ֧יעַ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְדָת֖וֹ לְהֵעָשׂ֑וֹת בַּיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׂבְּר֜וּ אֹיְבֵ֤י הַיְּהוּדִים֙ לִשְׁל֣וֹט בָּהֶ֔ם וְנַהֲפ֣וֹךְ ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלְט֧וּ הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים הֵ֖מָּה בְּשֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃ | And in the twelfth month – that is the month of Adar – on the thirteenth day of it, when the king's word and his decree were reaching the point of being carried out, on the day when the enemies of the Jews hoped to have dominion over them, this was inverted, so that it was the Jews who had dominion over those that hated them. | |
| Esth 9:2 | נִקְהֲל֨וּ הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים בְּעָרֵיהֶ֗ם בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֳחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד בִּמְבַקְשֵׁ֖י רָֽעָתָ֑ם וְאִישׁ֙ לֹא־עָמַ֣ד לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖ם עַל־כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ | The Jews assembled in their cities in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to lay their hands on those who sought to harm them, and no man stood before them, for the fear of them fell upon all the various peoples. |
hands ← hand.
to harm them ← their evil, an objective genitive. |
| Esth 9:3 | וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת וְהָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְהַפַּח֗וֹת וְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And all the officials of the provinces, and the satraps and the governors, and those who carried out the king's work, assisted the Jews, for fear of Mordecai had fallen on them. | |
| Esth 9:4 | כִּֽי־גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְשָׁמְע֖וֹ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּכָל־הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת כִּֽי־הָאִ֥ישׁ מָרְדֳּכַ֖י הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֽוֹל׃ פ | For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his reputation went to all the provinces, for the man Mordecai became greater and greater. | greater and greater: perhaps an infinitive absolute in the role of a participle (גָּדֵל), but considered an adjective by [AnLx], [BDB]. |
| Esth 9:5 | וַיַּכּ֤וּ הַיְּהוּדִים֙ בְּכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם מַכַּת־חֶ֥רֶב וְהֶ֖רֶג וְאַבְדָ֑ן וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ בְשֹׂנְאֵיהֶ֖ם כִּרְצוֹנָֽם׃ | And the Jews struck all their enemies with the blow of the sword, and slaughter and destruction. And they did what they pleased to those who hated them. | what they pleased ← according to their will. |
| Esth 9:6 | וּבְשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֗ה הָרְג֤וּ הַיְּהוּדִים֙ וְאַבֵּ֔ד חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃ | And in the citadel of Shushan the Jews killed and eliminated five hundred men, | eliminated: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Esth 9:7 | וְאֵ֧ת ׀ פַּרְשַׁנְדָּ֛תָא וְאֵ֥ת ׀ דַּֽלְפ֖וֹן וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אַסְפָּֽתָא׃ | and Parshandatha and Dalphon and Aspatha, | Dalphon: or Dalephon. MT ambiguous (closed syllable but no dagesh lene). |
| Esth 9:8 | וְאֵ֧ת ׀ פּוֹרָ֛תָא וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲדַלְיָ֖א וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲרִידָֽתָא׃ | and Poratha and Adalia and Aridatha, | |
| Esth 9:9 | וְאֵ֤ת ׀ פַּרְמַ֙שְׁתָּא֙ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֲרִיסַ֔י וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲרִדַ֖י וְאֵ֥ת ׀ וַיְזָֽתָא׃ | and Parmashta and Arisai and Aridai and Vajezatha. | Vajezatha: if AV were to transliterate according to the rule used for Dalphon in Esth 9:7, this would be Vajzatha. |
| Esth 9:10 | עֲ֠שֶׂרֶת בְּנֵ֨י הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא צֹרֵ֥ר הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים הָרָ֑גוּ וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם׃ | They killed the ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha the enemy of the Jews, but they did not lay their hands on the spoil. |
Hammedatha: see Esth 3:1.
lay their hands ← send their hand. |
| Esth 9:11 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא בָּ֣א מִסְפַּ֧ר הַֽהֲרוּגִ֛ים בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | On that day the report of the number of those killed in the citadel of Shushan came before the king. | |
| Esth 9:12 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֗ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֡ה הָרְגוּ֩ הַיְּהוּדִ֨ים וְאַבֵּ֜ד חֲמֵ֧שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וְאֵת֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֔ן בִּשְׁאָ֛ר מְדִינ֥וֹת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑וּ וּמַה־שְּׁאֵֽלָתֵךְ֙ וְיִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֔ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד וְתֵעָֽשׂ׃ | And the king said to Esther the queen, “In the citadel of Shushan the Jews have killed and eliminated five hundred men and Haman's ten sons. In the remainder of the provinces of the king, what have they done and what else is your petition, and it will be given to you, and what is your request, and it will be done?” | eliminated: infinitive absolute, as in Esth 9:6. |
| Esth 9:13 | וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֶסְתֵּר֙ אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב יִנָּתֵ֣ן גַּם־מָחָ֗ר לַיְּהוּדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשׁוּשָׁ֔ן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כְּדָ֣ת הַיּ֑וֹם וְאֵ֛ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ עַל־הָעֵֽץ׃ | And Esther said, “If the king approves, let the Jews who are in Shushan do according to today's decree tomorrow as well, and let them hang Haman's ten sons on the gallows.” |
if the king approves: see Esth 1:9.
hang: [CB] explains as “not alive, but hanged up after death”. See Esth 9:7-10. gallows ← wood, tree. |
| Esth 9:14 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהֵֽעָשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן וַתִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּשׁוּשָׁ֑ן וְאֵ֛ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן תָּלֽוּ׃ | And the king commanded this to be done, and the decree was issued in Shushan, and they hanged Haman's ten sons. | this ← thus. |
| Esth 9:15 | וַיִּֽקָּהֲל֞וּ *היהודיים **הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן גַּ֠ם בְּי֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר וַיַּֽהַרְג֣וּ בְשׁוּשָׁ֔ן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם׃ | And the Jews who were in Shushan assembled also on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they killed in Shushan three hundred men, but they did not lay their hands on the spoil. |
Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, as in Esth 4:7.
lay their hands ← send their hand. |
| Esth 9:16 | וּשְׁאָ֣ר הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בִּמְדִינ֨וֹת הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְעָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְנ֙וֹחַ֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָרֹג֙ בְּשֹׂ֣נְאֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָֽׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם׃ | And the remainder of the Jews, who were in the king's provinces, assembled and took a stand for their lives, and for rest from their enemies, and they killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them, but they did not lay their hands on the spoil. |
took a stand: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
lives ← souls. they killed: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. lay their hands ← send their hand. |
| Esth 9:17 | בְּיוֹם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וְנ֗וֹחַ בְּאַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔וֹ וְעָשֹׂ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ י֖וֹם מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ | This was on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar, and there was rest on the fourteenth day of it, and they made it a day of festivity and gladness. | they made: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Esth 9:18 | *והיהודיים **וְהַיְּהוּדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן נִקְהֲלוּ֙ בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔וֹ וּבְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑וֹ וְנ֗וֹחַ בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔וֹ וְעָשֹׂ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ י֖וֹם מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ | And the Jews who were in Shushan assembled on the thirteenth day of it, and on the fourteenth day of it. And there was rest on the fifteenth day of it, and they made it a day of festivity and gladness. |
Jews: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré, as in Esth 4:7.
they made: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| Esth 9:19 | עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים *הפרוזים **הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ פ | Therefore the Jews in the villages, who dwelt in unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month of Adar a day of gladness and festivity, and a holiday, and of sending each other presents. |
in the villages: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
holiday ← good day. each other ← a man to his neighbour. presents: portions, belongings. |
| Esth 9:20 | וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃ | And Mordecai wrote these things, and he sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, near and far, | near and far: agreeing with Jews, not provinces. |
| Esth 9:21 | לְקַיֵּם֮ עֲלֵיהֶם֒ לִהְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר וְאֵ֛ת יוֹם־חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑וֹ בְּכָל־שָׁנָ֖ה וְשָׁנָֽה׃ | to establish among them that they should celebrate the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and the fifteenth day of it, each year, |
celebrate ← be doing.
each year ← every year and year. |
| Esth 9:22 | כַּיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨חוּ בָהֶ֤ם הַיְּהוּדִים֙ מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָהֶ֤ם מִיָּגוֹן֙ לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל לְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם יְמֵי֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ | as the days on which the Jews rested from their enemies, and as the month when it was turned for them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning to a holiday, to make them days of festivity and gladness, and sending of presents to one another, and gifts to the poor. | presents ← portions, belongings. Compare Esth 2:9. |
| Esth 9:23 | וְקִבֵּל֙ הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הֵחֵ֖לּוּ לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־כָּתַ֥ב מָרְדֳּכַ֖י אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the Jews undertook that which they had begun to do, and that which Mordecai had written to them. | |
| Esth 9:24 | כִּי֩ הָמָ֨ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֜תָא הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וְהִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַגּוֹרָ֔ל לְהֻמָּ֖ם וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃ | For Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, plotted against the Jews to eliminate them, and he cast Pur – that is a lot – to defeat them and to eliminate them, | Agagite: see Esth 3:1. |
| Esth 9:25 | וּבְבֹאָהּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַסֵּ֔פֶר יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧וֹ הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְתָל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו עַל־הָעֵֽץ׃ | but when she came before the king, he commanded with a letter that his evil plot which he plotted against the Jews should rebound on him, and they hanged him and his sons on the gallows. |
she: or this.
rebound on him ← return on his head. gallows ← wood, tree. |
| Esth 9:26 | עַל־כֵּ֡ן קָֽרְאוּ֩ לַיָּמִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה פוּרִים֙ עַל־שֵׁ֣ם הַפּ֔וּר עַל־כֵּ֕ן עַל־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הָאִגֶּ֣רֶת הַזֹּ֑את וּמָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּמָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Therefore they call these days Purim, according to the name Pur, for this reason, because of all the words of this letter, and because of what they saw of this matter, and because of what had come upon them. |
Purim ... Pur ← lots ... lot. See Esth 3:7.
this matter ← thus. |
| Esth 9:27 | קִיְּמ֣וּ *וקבל **וְקִבְּל֣וּ הַיְּהוּדִים֩ ׀ עֲלֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ וְעַל־זַרְעָ֜ם וְעַ֨ל כָּל־הַנִּלְוִ֤ים עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲב֔וֹר לִהְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַיָּמִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה כִּכְתָבָ֖ם וְכִזְמַנָּ֑ם בְּכָל־שָׁנָ֖ה וְשָׁנָֽה׃ | The Jews established and took it upon themselves and upon their seed and upon all those who joined them, that it would not pass into disuse, to celebrate these two days according to their description and according to their time each year. |
took: the ketiv can be taken as an infinitive absolute, taking on the role of the form given in the qeré. Compare Esth 2:3.
joined them ← (were) joined to them. celebrate ← be doing. description ← writing. |
| Esth 9:28 | וְהַיָּמִ֣ים הָ֠אֵלֶּה נִזְכָּרִ֨ים וְנַעֲשִׂ֜ים בְּכָל־דּ֣וֹר וָד֗וֹר מִשְׁפָּחָה֙ וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה מְדִינָ֥ה וּמְדִינָ֖ה וְעִ֣יר וָעִ֑יר וִימֵ֞י הַפּוּרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְזִכְרָ֖ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִזַּרְעָֽם׃ ס | And these days are remembered and celebrated in every generation, in every family, in every province and in every city. And these days of Purim will not pass into disuse among the Jews, and their memory will not come to an end among their seed. |
celebrated ← done.
Purim ← lots. among (second occurrence in verse) ← from. |
| Esth 9:29 | וַ֠תִּכְתֹּב אֶסְתֵּ֨ר הַמַּלְכָּ֧ה בַת־אֲבִיחַ֛יִל וּמָרְדֳּכַ֥י הַיְּהוּדִ֖י אֶת־כָּל־תֹּ֑קֶף לְקַיֵּ֗ם אֵ֣ת אִגֶּ֧רֶת הַפּוּרִ֛ים הַזֹּ֖את הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ | And Queen Esther, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote with all authority to confirm this second letter of Purim. |
Mordecai: as foster father he could consider Esther his daughter, so the commas in our translation could be omitted.
Purim ← lots. |
| Esth 9:30 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֶל־שֶׁ֨בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּמֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה מַלְכ֖וּת אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ דִּבְרֵ֥י שָׁל֖וֹם וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ | And he sent letters to all the Jews – to the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces – of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with words of peace and truth, | |
| Esth 9:31 | לְקַיֵּ֡ם אֵת־יְמֵי֩ הַפֻּרִ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה בִּזְמַנֵּיהֶ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ קִיַּ֨ם עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם מָרְדֳּכַ֤י הַיְּהוּדִי֙ וְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֛ר קִיְּמ֥וּ עַל־נַפְשָׁ֖ם וְעַל־זַרְעָ֑ם דִּבְרֵ֥י הַצֹּמ֖וֹת וְזַעֲקָתָֽם׃ | to establish these days of Purim at their times, as Mordecai the Jew had established them among them, as had Esther the queen, and as they had established matters of fasts and their outcry for their lives and for their seed. |
Purim ← lots.
lives ← soul. |
| Esth 9:32 | וּמַאֲמַ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֔ר קִיַּ֕ם דִּבְרֵ֥י הַפֻּרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְתָּ֖ב בַּסֵּֽפֶר׃ פ | And Esther's commandment established these matters of Purim, and it was written in the book. | Purim ← lots. |
| Esth 10:1 | וַיָּשֶׂם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ *אחשרש **אֲחַשְׁוֵר֧וֹשׁ ׀ מַ֛ס עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאִיֵּ֥י הַיָּֽם׃ | And King {Q: Ahasuerus} [K: Ahaserus] levied a tax on the land and the islands. |
Ahaserus (ketiv): this is more precisely in the Hebrew Ahashrosh, but we take the qeré as nearer to the traditional name, which we adopt.
islands ← islands / coastlands of the sea. |
| Esth 10:2 | וְכָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה תָקְפּוֹ֙ וּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹ וּפָרָשַׁת֙ גְּדֻלַּ֣ת מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר גִּדְּל֖וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ הֲלוֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֙פֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַיָּמִ֔ים לְמַלְכֵ֖י מָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס׃ | And every act of his authority and his power, and the account of the greatness of Mordecai whom the king made great, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia? | |
| Esth 10:3 | כִּ֣י ׀ מָרְדֳּכַ֣י הַיְּהוּדִ֗י מִשְׁנֶה֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וְגָדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְרָצ֖וּי לְרֹ֣ב אֶחָ֑יו דֹּרֵ֥שׁ טוֹב֙ לְעַמּ֔וֹ וְדֹבֵ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־זַרְעֽוֹ׃ | For Mordecai the Jew was second to King Ahasuerus, and he was great among the Jews, and he was well-received among the multitude of his brothers, seeking good for his people, and speaking peace to all his seed. | |
| Dan 1:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁל֔וֹשׁ לְמַלְכ֖וּת יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה בָּ֣א נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it. | |
| Dan 1:2 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י בְּיָד֜וֹ אֶת־יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה וּמִקְצָת֙ כְּלֵ֣י בֵית־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיְבִיאֵ֥ם אֶֽרֶץ־שִׁנְעָ֖ר בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהָ֑יו וְאֶת־הַכֵּלִ֣ים הֵבִ֔יא בֵּ֖ית אוֹצַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | And the Lord* delivered Jehoiakim king of Judah and some of the equipment of the house of God into his hand, and he brought it to the land of Shinar, to the house of his gods, and he brought the equipment to the treasury of his gods. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
it: i.e. the equipment only, but perhaps them, so including Jehoiakim. gods (2x): or god. Compare 1 Chr 10:10. It is unambiguously gods in Dan 2:11 (but the context is different). |
| Dan 1:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְאַשְׁפְּנַ֖ז רַ֣ב סָרִיסָ֑יו לְהָבִ֞יא מִבְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וּמִזֶּ֥רַע הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה וּמִן־הַֽפַּרְתְּמִֽים׃ | And the king commanded Ashpenaz the head of his eunuchs to bring some of the sons of Israel and some of the royal seed, and some seed of the high-ranking officials, |
commanded ← said, but also commanded. Compare 1 Chr 14:12.
royal seed ← seed of the kingdom, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 1:4 | יְלָדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־בָּהֶ֣ם כָּל־*מאום **מוּם֩ וְטוֹבֵ֨י מַרְאֶ֜ה וּמַשְׂכִּילִ֣ים בְּכָל־חָכְמָ֗ה וְיֹ֤דְעֵי דַ֙עַת֙ וּמְבִינֵ֣י מַדָּ֔ע וַאֲשֶׁר֙ כֹּ֣חַ בָּהֶ֔ם לַעֲמֹ֖ד בְּהֵיכַ֣ל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּֽלֲלַמְּדָ֥ם סֵ֖פֶר וּלְשׁ֥וֹן כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | children in whom was no blemish, and who were good-looking and insightful in all wisdom, and who were knowledgeable and who understood science, and who had the mettle to stand in the king's palace. And he gave commandment to teach them the literature and language of the Chaldeans. |
blemish: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
no ← not every. good-looking ← good of appearance. were knowledgeable ← know knowledge. |
| Dan 1:5 | וַיְמַן֩ לָהֶ֨ם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֗וֹ מִפַּת־בַּ֤ג הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וּמִיֵּ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֔יו וּֽלְגַדְּלָ֖ם שָׁנִ֣ים שָׁל֑וֹשׁ וּמִ֨קְצָתָ֔ם יַֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king appointed them daily servings from the king's fare, and some wine as used for his drink, and he gave instructions to educate them for three years, and at the end of that, they would stand before the king. |
as used for ← of.
educate: as [AnLx]. AV differs somewhat (nourish). [BDB]= bring up. that ← them, i.e., the three years. |
| Dan 1:6 | וַיְהִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם מִבְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה דָּנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָֽה׃ | And among them were, of the sons of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah. | |
| Dan 1:7 | וַיָּ֧שֶׂם לָהֶ֛ם שַׂ֥ר הַסָּרִיסִ֖ים שֵׁמ֑וֹת וַיָּ֨שֶׂם לְדָֽנִיֵּ֜אל בֵּ֣לְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר וְלַֽחֲנַנְיָה֙ שַׁדְרַ֔ךְ וּלְמִֽישָׁאֵ֣ל מֵישַׁ֔ךְ וְלַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה עֲבֵ֥ד נְגֽוֹ׃ | And the officer in charge of the eunuchs assigned them names. And he assigned to Daniel, Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, Shadrach; and to Mishael, Meshach; and to Azariah, Abed-Nego. | |
| Dan 1:8 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְיֵ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֑יו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ מִשַּׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִתְגָּאָֽל׃ | Now Daniel resolved that he would not defile himself with the king's fare or with the wine as used for his drink, and he requested from the officer in charge of the eunuchs that he should not defile himself. | resolved ← put to his heart. |
| Dan 1:9 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־דָּ֣נִיֵּ֔אל לְחֶ֖סֶד וּֽלְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִפְנֵ֖י שַׂ֥ר הַסָּרִיסִֽים׃ | And God gave Daniel kind and compassionate treatment before the officer in charge of the eunuchs. | gave Daniel kind and compassionate treatment ← gave Daniel to kindness and compassion. |
| Dan 1:10 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the officer in charge of the eunuchs said to Daniel. “I am fearful of my lord the king who appointed your food and your drink, because why should he see your faces more pallid than those of the other children of your age, and why should you all cost me my head with the king?” |
your: plural.
pallid ← sullen, sad, but here not of emotion, but physical appearance. you all: plural, seen from the verb ending. Daniel's compatriots had the same request. cost ← incriminate, forfeit. |
| Dan 1:11 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּנִיֵּ֖אל אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִנָּה֙ שַׂ֣ר הַסָּֽרִיסִ֔ים עַל־דָּנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָֽה׃ | Then Daniel said to the head steward whom the head of the eunuchs had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah, | had appointed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence, taking אֲשֶׁר as the object. |
| Dan 1:12 | נַס־נָ֥א אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ יָמִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וְיִתְּנוּ־לָ֜נוּ מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִ֛ים וְנֹאכְלָ֖ה וּמַ֥יִם וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | “Please do a trial with your servants for ten days, and let them give us some vegetables to eat and water to drink. | |
| Dan 1:13 | וְיֵרָא֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ מַרְאֵ֔ינוּ וּמַרְאֵה֙ הַיְלָדִ֔ים הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים אֵ֖ת פַּתְבַּ֣ג הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּרְאֵ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֖ה עִם־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ | Then our appearance and that of the children who eat the king's fare will be seen in your presence, and then deal with your servants according to what you see.” | |
| Dan 1:14 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע לָהֶ֖ם לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְנַסֵּ֖ם יָמִ֥ים עֲשָׂרָֽה׃ | And he heeded them in this matter, and he gave them a trial for ten days. | |
| Dan 1:15 | וּמִקְצָת֙ יָמִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֔ה נִרְאָ֤ה מַרְאֵיהֶם֙ ט֔וֹב וּבְרִיאֵ֖י בָּשָׂ֑ר מִן־כָּל־הַיְלָדִ֔ים הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים אֵ֖ת פַּתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And at the end of ten days, their appearance was better and more healthy than that of all the children who ate the king's fare. |
was ← appeared.
healthy ← fat of flesh. |
| Dan 1:16 | וַיְהִ֣י הַמֶּלְצַ֗ר נֹשֵׂא֙ אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָ֔ם וְיֵ֖ין מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְנֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם זֵרְעֹנִֽים׃ | Then the head steward took away their fare and wine for their drink and gave them vegetables. | took away: probably standing for took it off the menu, as it was probably never physically brought. |
| Dan 1:17 | וְהַיְלָדִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אַרְבַּעְתָּ֔ם נָתַ֨ן לָהֶ֧ם הָֽאֱלֹהִ֛ים מַדָּ֥ע וְהַשְׂכֵּ֖ל בְּכָל־סֵ֣פֶר וְחָכְמָ֑ה וְדָנִיֵּ֣אל הֵבִ֔ין בְּכָל־חָז֖וֹן וַחֲלֹמֽוֹת׃ | And God gave these four children intellect and insight in all literature and wisdom, and Daniel had understanding of every vision and all dreams. | |
| Dan 1:18 | וּלְמִקְצָת֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לַהֲבִיאָ֑ם וַיְבִיאֵם֙ שַׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּֽר׃ | And after the days which the king had specified as to when to bring them in, the head of the eunuchs brought them before Nebuchadnezzar. | after ← at the end of. |
| Dan 1:19 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתָּם֮ הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וְלֹ֤א נִמְצָא֙ מִכֻּלָּ֔ם כְּדָנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָ֑ה וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king spoke with them. And of all of them, no-one was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah, and they stood before the king. | |
| Dan 1:20 | וְכֹ֗ל דְּבַר֙ חָכְמַ֣ת בִּינָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בִּקֵּ֥שׁ מֵהֶ֖ם הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַֽיִּמְצָאֵ֞ם עֶ֣שֶׂר יָד֗וֹת עַ֤ל כָּל־הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ הָֽאַשָּׁפִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּכָל־מַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | And in every matter of wisdom in discernment which the king asked them, he found them ten times superior to all the magi and enchanters who were in all his kingdom. |
wisdom in ← wisdom of.
ten times ← ten hands. superior to ← above. |
| Dan 1:21 | וַֽיְהִי֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל עַד־שְׁנַ֥ת אַחַ֖ת לְכ֥וֹרֶשׁ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And Daniel was there until the first year of Cyrus the king. | |
| Dan 2:1 | וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֗יִם לְמַלְכוּת֙ נְבֻֽכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר חָלַ֥ם נְבֻֽכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר חֲלֹמ֑וֹת וַתִּתְפָּ֣עֶם רוּח֔וֹ וּשְׁנָת֖וֹ נִהְיְתָ֥ה עָלָֽיו׃ | And in the second year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign, Nebuchadnezzar had dreams, and his spirit was disturbed, and his sleep eluded him. |
had dreams ← dreamt dreams.
eluded him ← was gone by at him, was over on him. |
| Dan 2:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ לִקְרֹ֨א לַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֜ים וְלָֽאַשָּׁפִ֗ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וְלַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים לְהַגִּ֥יד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חֲלֹמֹתָ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king summoned the magi and the enchanters and the magicians and the Chaldeans to give the king the interpretation of his dreams, and they came and stood before the king. |
summoned ← said to call for.
give ... the interpretation ← tell, but also expound. |
| Dan 2:3 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר לָהֶ֛ם הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חֲל֣וֹם חָלָ֑מְתִּי וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחִ֔י לָדַ֖עַת אֶֽת־הַחֲלֽוֹם׃ | And the king said to them, “I have had a dream and my spirit is anxious to know the meaning of the dream.” | had a dream ← dreamt a dream. |
| Dan 2:4 | וַֽיְדַבְּר֧וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֛ים לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲרָמִ֑ית מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י אֱמַ֥ר חֶלְמָ֛א *לעבדיך **לְעַבְדָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרָ֥א נְחַוֵּֽא׃ | And the Chaldeans said to the king in Aramaic, “O king, live age-abidingly. Tell your {K: servants} [Q: servant] the dream, and we will give the interpretation.” |
The qeré seems to be unjustified.
The Aramaic portion starts here at O king and ends at Dan 7:28. give ← declare. |
| Dan 2:5 | עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֣ר *לכשדיא **לְכַשְׂדָּאֵ֔י מִלְּתָ֖א מִנִּ֣י אַזְדָּ֑א הֵ֣ן לָ֤א תְהֽוֹדְעוּנַּ֙נִי֙ חֶלְמָ֣א וּפִשְׁרֵ֔הּ הַדָּמִין֙ תִּתְעַבְד֔וּן וּבָתֵּיכ֖וֹן נְוָלִ֥י יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן׃ | The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, “The matter escapes me. If you do not make the dream and its interpretation known to me, you will be dismembered and your houses will be made a dunghill. |
Chaldeans: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. Here the word has connotations of astrology and other occult practices.
escapes me ← departs from me. be dismembered ← be made limbs. |
| Dan 2:6 | וְהֵ֨ן חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵהּ֙ תְּֽהַחֲוֺ֔ן מַתְּנָ֤ן וּנְבִזְבָּה֙ וִיקָ֣ר שַׂגִּ֔יא תְּקַבְּל֖וּן מִן־קֳדָמָ֑י לָהֵ֕ן חֶלְמָ֥א וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ הַחֲוֺֽנִי׃ | But if you expound the dream and its interpretation, you will receive gifts and a reward and great honour from me. So expound the dream and its interpretation to me.” |
reward ← present, but it must be distinct from the “gifts” received.
from ← from before. |
| Dan 2:7 | עֲנ֥וֹ תִנְיָנ֖וּת וְאָמְרִ֑ין מַלְכָּ֕א חֶלְמָ֛א יֵאמַ֥ר לְעַבְד֖וֹהִי וּפִשְׁרָ֥ה נְהַחֲוֵֽה׃ | They answered again and said, “Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will expound the interpretation.” | |
| Dan 2:8 | עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֔ר מִן־יַצִּיב֙ יָדַ֣ע אֲנָ֔ה דִּ֥י עִדָּנָ֖א אַנְתּ֣וּן זָבְנִ֑ין כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּ֣י חֲזֵית֔וֹן דִּ֥י אַזְדָּ֖א מִנִּ֥י מִלְּתָֽא׃ | The king replied and said, “I definitely know that you are buying time, because you see that the matter escapes me, | escapes me ← departs from me. |
| Dan 2:9 | דִּ֣י הֵן־חֶלְמָא֩ לָ֨א תְהֽוֹדְעֻנַּ֜נִי חֲדָה־הִ֣יא דָֽתְכ֗וֹן וּמִלָּ֨ה כִדְבָ֤ה וּשְׁחִיתָה֙ *הזמנתון **הִזְדְּמִנְתּוּן֙ לְמֵאמַ֣ר קָֽדָמַ֔י עַ֛ד דִּ֥י עִדָּנָ֖א יִשְׁתַּנֵּ֑א לָהֵ֗ן חֶלְמָא֙ אֱמַ֣רוּ לִ֔י וְֽאִנְדַּ֕ע דִּ֥י פִשְׁרֵ֖הּ תְּהַחֲוֻנַּֽנִי׃ | so if you do not make the dream known to me, then the judgment against you is conclusive, and you have conspired in speaking false and fabricated words to me, biding your time. Otherwise, tell me the dream, and I will know that you can explain its interpretation.” |
conspired: or been opportunistic. The ketiv, assimilating a daleth, is a variant of the qeré.
judgment against you ← your judgment, an objective genitive. conclusive ← one, i.e. it can only go one way. false and fabricated words to me ← a false and corrupt word before me. biding your time ← until the time changes. |
| Dan 2:10 | עֲנ֨וֹ *כשדיא **כַשְׂדָּאֵ֤י קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָ֣מְרִ֔ין לָֽא־אִיתַ֤י אֲנָשׁ֙ עַל־יַבֶּשְׁתָּ֔א דִּ֚י מִלַּ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א יוּכַ֖ל לְהַחֲוָיָ֑ה כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֚י כָּל־מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ רַ֣ב וְשַׁלִּ֔יט מִלָּ֤ה כִדְנָה֙ לָ֣א שְׁאֵ֔ל לְכָל־חַרְטֹּ֖ם וְאָשַׁ֥ף וְכַשְׂדָּֽי׃ | The Chaldeans answered the king and said, “There does not exist a man on dry land who can expound the king's matter, and for this reason no great king or ruler has ever asked any magus or enchanter or Chaldean a question like this. |
Chaldeans: as in Dan 2:5.
the king ← before the king. can ← will be able. no ← not every. any ← every. |
| Dan 2:11 | וּמִלְּתָ֨א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֤ה שָׁאֵל֙ יַקִּירָ֔ה וְאָחֳרָן֙ לָ֣א אִיתַ֔י דִּ֥י יְחַוִּנַּ֖הּ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א לָהֵ֣ן אֱלָהִ֔ין דִּ֚י מְדָ֣רְה֔וֹן עִם־בִּשְׂרָ֖א לָ֥א אִיתֽוֹהִי׃ | And the matter which the king is asking is difficult, and there is no-one else who can expound it to the king, except the gods, whose abode is not with flesh.” | to the king ← before the king. |
| Dan 2:12 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה מַלְכָּ֕א בְּנַ֖ס וּקְצַ֣ף שַׂגִּ֑יא וַאֲמַר֙ לְה֣וֹבָדָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ | On account of this, the king became enraged and very angry, and he gave an order to execute all the wise men of Babylon. | gave an order ← said. |
| Dan 2:13 | וְדָתָ֣א נֶפְקַ֔ת וְחַכִּֽימַיָּ֖א מִֽתְקַטְּלִ֑ין וּבְע֛וֹ דָּנִיֵּ֥אל וְחַבְר֖וֹהִי לְהִתְקְטָלָֽה׃ פ | And the decree went out, and the wise men started to be killed. And they searched for Daniel and his colleagues for them to be killed. | started to be killed ← (were) being killed. AV differs (should be slain), but the participle (with no conjunction) does not introduce purpose. See [FR] §177. |
| Dan 2:14 | בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּנִיֵּ֗אל הֲתִיב֙ עֵטָ֣א וּטְעֵ֔ם לְאַרְי֕וֹךְ רַב־טַבָּחַיָּ֖א דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י נְפַ֣ק לְקַטָּלָ֔ה לְחַכִּימֵ֖י בָּבֶֽל׃ | Then Daniel responded with caution and discernment to Arioch the king's chief executioner, who had gone out to kill the wise men of Babylon. | |
| Dan 2:15 | עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר לְאַרְיוֹךְ֙ שַׁלִּיטָ֣א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֔א עַל־מָ֥ה דָתָ֛א מְהַחְצְפָ֖ה מִן־קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א אֱדַ֣יִן מִלְּתָ֔א הוֹדַ֥ע אַרְי֖וֹךְ לְדָנִיֵּֽאל׃ | He answered and said to Arioch the king's commissioner, “Why is the decree from the king so urgent?” Then Arioch informed Daniel of the matter. |
urgent ← hastening / hastened.
informed: in an Aramaic “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Dan 2:16 | וְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל עַ֖ל וּבְעָ֣ה מִן־מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י זְמָ֣ן יִנְתֵּן־לֵ֔הּ וּפִשְׁרָ֖א לְהַֽחֲוָיָ֥ה לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ פ | And Daniel went in and requested from the king that he give him time, so that he could expound the interpretation to the king. | |
| Dan 2:17 | אֱדַ֥יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֖אל לְבַיְתֵ֣הּ אֲזַ֑ל וְ֠לַחֲנַנְיָה מִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל וַעֲזַרְיָ֛ה חַבְר֖וֹהִי מִלְּתָ֥א הוֹדַֽע׃ | Then Daniel went to his house and informed Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah his colleagues about the matter, | |
| Dan 2:18 | וְרַחֲמִ֗ין לְמִבְעֵא֙ מִן־קֳדָם֙ אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א עַל־רָזָ֖ה דְּנָ֑ה דִּ֣י לָ֤א יְהֹֽבְדוּן֙ דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְחַבְר֔וֹהִי עִם־שְׁאָ֖ר חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ | and to ask for mercy from the God of heaven about this secret, so that Daniel and his colleagues should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. |
from ← from before.
Daniel ... should not perish ← they should not destroy ... Daniel. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 2:19 | אֱדַ֗יִן לְדָנִיֵּ֛אל בְּחֶזְוָ֥א דִֽי־לֵילְיָ֖א רָזָ֣ה גֲלִ֑י אֱדַ֙יִן֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל בָּרִ֖ךְ לֶאֱלָ֥הּ שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ | Then in a vision of the night the secret was revealed to Daniel, whereupon Daniel blessed the God of heaven. | |
| Dan 2:20 | עָנֵ֤ה דָֽנִיֵּאל֙ וְאָמַ֔ר לֶהֱוֵ֨א שְׁמֵ֤הּ דִּֽי־אֱלָהָא֙ מְבָרַ֔ךְ מִן־עָלְמָ֖א וְעַ֣ד־עָלְמָ֑א דִּ֧י חָכְמְתָ֛א וּגְבוּרְתָ֖א דִּ֥י לֵֽהּ־הִֽיא׃ |
Daniel responded and said,
“Blessed be the name of God from age to age, Because wisdom and might are his. |
|
| Dan 2:21 | וְ֠הוּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חָכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ |
And he changes seasons and times; He removes kings, and he establishes kings. He gives wisdom to the wise And knowledge to those who have understanding. |
have understanding ← know understanding. |
| Dan 2:22 | ה֛וּא גָּלֵ֥א עַמִּיקָתָ֖א וּמְסַתְּרָתָ֑א יָדַע֙ מָ֣ה בַחֲשׁוֹכָ֔א *ונהירא **וּנְהוֹרָ֖א עִמֵּ֥הּ שְׁרֵֽא׃ |
He reveals deep things and hidden things; He knows what is in darkness, But with him dwells light. |
light: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
dwells ← is lodged. [FR] §150 parses as a passive participle; [AnLx] as preterite active. |
| Dan 2:23 | לָ֣ךְ ׀ אֱלָ֣הּ אֲבָהָתִ֗י מְהוֹדֵ֤א וּמְשַׁבַּח֙ אֲנָ֔ה דִּ֧י חָכְמְתָ֛א וּגְבוּרְתָ֖א יְהַ֣בְתְּ לִ֑י וּכְעַ֤ן הֽוֹדַעְתַּ֙נִי֙ דִּֽי־בְעֵ֣ינָא מִנָּ֔ךְ דִּֽי־מִלַּ֥ת מַלְכָּ֖א הוֹדַעְתֶּֽנָא׃ |
You, O God of my fathers, I celebrate and praise, For you have given me wisdom and power, And now you have made known to me What we requested from you, For you have made the king's subject matter known to us.” |
|
| Dan 2:24 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה דָּֽנִיֵּאל֙ עַ֣ל עַל־אַרְי֔וֹךְ דִּ֚י מַנִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֔א לְהוֹבָדָ֖ה לְחַכִּימֵ֣י בָבֶ֑ל אֲזַ֣ל ׀ וְכֵ֣ן אֲמַר־לֵ֗הּ לְחַכִּימֵ֤י בָבֶל֙ אַל־תְּהוֹבֵ֔ד הַעֵ֙לְנִי֙ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔א וּפִשְׁרָ֖א לְמַלְכָּ֥א אֲחַוֵּֽא׃ ס | On account of this, Daniel went into the presence of Arioch, whom the king had appointed for the execution of the wise men of Babylon. He went and said this to him: “Do not execute the wise men of Babylon. Bring me into the presence of the king, and I will expound the interpretation to the king.” |
this ← thus.
the presence of ← before. |
| Dan 2:25 | אֱדַ֤יִן אַרְיוֹךְ֙ בְּהִתְבְּהָלָ֔ה הַנְעֵ֥ל לְדָנִיֵּ֖אל קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א וְכֵ֣ן אֲמַר־לֵ֗הּ דִּֽי־הַשְׁכַּ֤חַת גְּבַר֙ מִן־בְּנֵ֤י גָֽלוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְה֔וּד דִּ֥י פִשְׁרָ֖א לְמַלְכָּ֥א יְהוֹדַֽע׃ | At this Arioch brought Daniel hastily into the presence of the king, and he said this to him: “I have found a man among the deportees of Judah who will make the interpretation known to the king.” |
at this ← then, thereupon.
the presence of ← before. this ← thus. among the deportees ← from the sons of the exile. |
| Dan 2:26 | עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֣ר לְדָנִיֵּ֔אל דִּ֥י שְׁמֵ֖הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר *האיתיך **הַֽאִיתָ֣ךְ כָּהֵ֗ל לְהוֹדָעֻתַ֛נִי חֶלְמָ֥א דִֽי־חֲזֵ֖ית וּפִשְׁרֵֽהּ׃ | The king responded and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, “Is it true that you are able to make known to me the dream which I saw, and its interpretation?” | is it true that you: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. |
| Dan 2:27 | עָנֵ֧ה דָנִיֵּ֛אל קֳדָ֥ם מַלְכָּ֖א וְאָמַ֑ר רָזָה֙ דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֣א שָׁאֵ֔ל לָ֧א חַכִּימִ֣ין אָֽשְׁפִ֗ין חַרְטֻמִּין֙ גָּזְרִ֔ין יָכְלִ֖ין לְהַֽחֲוָיָ֥ה לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ | Daniel answered in the presence of the king and said, “Are not the wise men and enchanters and magi and diviners able to expound to the king the secret which the king is asking about? | |
| Dan 2:28 | בְּרַ֡ם אִיתַ֞י אֱלָ֤הּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא֙ גָּלֵ֣א רָזִ֔ין וְהוֹדַ֗ע לְמַלְכָּא֙ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית יוֹמַיָּ֑א חֶלְמָ֨ךְ וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשָׁ֛ךְ עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבָ֖ךְ דְּנָ֥ה הֽוּא׃ פ | But there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets and who has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will take place in the latter days. Your dream and the visions in your head on your bed are as follows. |
take place ← be.
in your head ← of your head. as follows ← this. |
| Dan 2:29 | אַ֣נְתְּה מַלְכָּ֗א רַעְיוֹנָךְ֙ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבָ֣ךְ סְלִ֔קוּ מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְגָלֵ֧א רָזַיָּ֛א הוֹדְעָ֖ךְ מָה־דִ֥י לֶהֱוֵֽא׃ | As for you, O king, there arose in your cogitations on your bed what will take place after this, and he who reveals secrets has made known to you what will take place. |
you: [BHS] has a textual issue as in Dan 3:10.
cogitations ← cogitation in [WLC] (though not all manuscripts, [BHS-CA]) but with a plural verb. take place (2x) ← be. |
| Dan 2:30 | וַאֲנָ֗ה לָ֤א בְחָכְמָה֙ דִּֽי־אִיתַ֥י בִּי֙ מִן־כָּל־חַיַּיָּ֔א רָזָ֥א דְנָ֖ה גֱּלִ֣י לִ֑י לָהֵ֗ן עַל־דִּבְרַת֙ דִּ֤י פִשְׁרָא֙ לְמַלְכָּ֣א יְהוֹדְע֔וּן וְרַעְיוֹנֵ֥י לִבְבָ֖ךְ תִּנְדַּֽע׃ | And as for me, this secret has not been revealed to me by there being more wisdom in me than in anyone living, but to the intent that the interpretation should be made known to the king, and that you should know the cogitations of your heart. |
anyone ← all.
should be made known ← they should make known. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 2:31 | אַ֣נְתְּה מַלְכָּ֗א חָזֵ֤ה הֲוַ֙יְתָ֙ וַאֲל֨וּ צְלֵ֥ם חַד֙ שַׂגִּ֔יא צַלְמָ֨א דִּכֵּ֥ן רַ֛ב וְזִיוֵ֥הּ יַתִּ֖יר קָאֵ֣ם לְקָבְלָ֑ךְ וְרֵוֵ֖הּ דְּחִֽיל׃ | You, O king, were having a vision, and you beheld a great image. That image was large, and its splendour was prodigious, standing in front of you, and its appearance was fearful. |
were having a vision ← were seeing.
you beheld ← behold. a great image ← one great image. |
| Dan 2:32 | ה֣וּא צַלְמָ֗א רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ דִּֽי־דְהַ֣ב טָ֔ב חֲד֥וֹהִי וּדְרָע֖וֹהִי דִּ֣י כְסַ֑ף מְע֥וֹהִי וְיַרְכָתֵ֖הּ דִּ֥י נְחָֽשׁ׃ | The image was like this: its head was of good quality gold, its breast and its arms were of silver, its midriff and its thighs were of copper, |
the image was like this ← this (was) the image.
breast: plural in Aramaic, but not the word for female breasts (תַּדַּיִן expected in Biblical Aramaic). See the examples of both in [MJ]. |
| Dan 2:33 | שָׁק֖וֹהִי דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֑ל רַגְל֕וֹהִי *מנהון **מִנְּהֵין֙ דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֔ל *ומנהון **וּמִנְּהֵ֖ין דִּ֥י חֲסַֽף׃ | its legs were of iron; its feet were partly of iron and partly of clay. | partly (2x) ← of them. The ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, having a masculine and feminine suffix respectively, with the same meaning. |
| Dan 2:34 | חָזֵ֣ה הֲוַ֗יְתָ עַ֠ד דִּ֣י הִתְגְּזֶ֤רֶת אֶ֙בֶן֙ דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֔יִן וּמְחָ֤ת לְצַלְמָא֙ עַל־רַגְל֔וֹהִי דִּ֥י פַרְזְלָ֖א וְחַסְפָּ֑א וְהַדֵּ֖קֶת הִמּֽוֹן׃ | You were having the vision until a stone was cut out, which was not done with hands, and which struck the image on the feet of iron and clay and shattered them. |
were having the vision ← were seeing.
cut out: or broken off. not done with hands: i.e. not man-made. Compare Col 2:11. |
| Dan 2:35 | בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּ֣קוּ כַחֲדָ֡ה פַּרְזְלָא֩ חַסְפָּ֨א נְחָשָׁ֜א כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֗א וַהֲווֹ֙ כְּע֣וּר מִן־אִדְּרֵי־קַ֔יִט וּנְשָׂ֤א הִמּוֹן֙ רוּחָ֔א וְכָל־אֲתַ֖ר לָא־הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח לְה֑וֹן וְאַבְנָ֣א ׀ דִּֽי־מְחָ֣ת לְצַלְמָ֗א הֲוָ֛ת לְט֥וּר רַ֖ב וּמְלָ֥ת כָּל־אַרְעָֽא׃ | Then the iron and the clay, copper, silver and gold were shattered together, and they became like chaff from the summer threshing floors, and the wind carried them away, and no place was found for them, but the stone which struck the image became a great mountain, and it filled the whole earth. |
Rev 12:8.
no ← not every. |
| Dan 2:36 | דְּנָ֣ה חֶלְמָ֔א וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ נֵאמַ֥ר קֳדָם־מַלְכָּֽא׃ | That was the dream, and we will give its interpretation in the presence of the king. |
that ← this.
give ← say. |
| Dan 2:37 | אַ֣נְתְּה מַלְכָּ֔א מֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑א דִּ֚י אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֥א חִסְנָ֛א וְתָקְפָּ֥א וִֽיקָרָ֖א יְהַב־לָֽךְ׃ | You, O king, are king of kings, to whom the God of heaven gave the kingdom, the power, and the authority and the honour. | honour: or glory. Compare the Lord's prayer, Matt 6:13. |
| Dan 2:38 | וּבְכָל־דִּ֣י *דארין **דָֽיְרִ֣ין בְּֽנֵי־אֲ֠נָשָׁא חֵיוַ֨ת בָּרָ֤א וְעוֹף־שְׁמַיָּא֙ יְהַ֣ב בִּידָ֔ךְ וְהַשְׁלְטָ֖ךְ בְּכָלְּה֑וֹן אַנְתְּה־ה֔וּא רֵאשָׁ֖ה דִּ֥י דַהֲבָֽא׃ | And everywhere where the sons of man, wild animals and the birds of the sky dwell, he has delivered them all into your hand and given you power over them all. The head of gold represents you. | dwell: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Dan 2:39 | וּבָתְרָ֗ךְ תְּק֛וּם מַלְכ֥וּ אָחֳרִ֖י אֲרַ֣עא מִנָּ֑ךְ וּמַלְכ֨וּ *תליתיא **תְלִיתָאָ֤ה אָחֳרִי֙ דִּ֣י נְחָשָׁ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁלַ֖ט בְּכָל־אַרְעָֽא׃ | And after you, another kingdom, inferior to yours, will arise, and a third kingdom – another one – which will be of copper, which will rule over all the earth. |
third: the ketiv and qeré are masculine and feminine forms respectively of the same word, with the same meaning.
yours ← you. |
| Dan 2:40 | וּמַלְכוּ֙ *רביעיה **רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃ | And a fourth kingdom: it will be as strong as iron, for iron shatters and smashes everything, and as iron which crushes all these, so it will shatter and break. | fourth: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré. |
| Dan 2:41 | וְדִֽי־חֲזַ֜יְתָה רַגְלַיָּ֣א וְאֶצְבְּעָתָ֗א *מנהון **מִנְּהֵ֞ן חֲסַ֤ף דִּֽי־פֶחָר֙ *ומנהון **וּמִנְּהֵ֣ין פַּרְזֶ֔ל מַלְכ֤וּ פְלִיגָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֔ה וּמִן־נִצְבְּתָ֥א דִ֥י פַרְזְלָ֖א לֶֽהֱוֵא־בַ֑הּ כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּ֣י חֲזַ֔יְתָה פַּ֨רְזְלָ֔א מְעָרַ֖ב בַּחֲסַ֥ף טִינָֽא׃ | And as regards the fact that you saw the feet and the toes, partly of potter's clay and partly of iron, it will be a divided kingdom, and there will be some of the firmness of iron in it, inasmuch as you saw iron mixed with clay earthenware. |
partly (2x): see 2:33.
firmness: or, [FR], seed, but not the same word as in Dan 2:43. |
| Dan 2:42 | וְאֶצְבְּעָת֙ רַגְלַיָּ֔א *מנהון **מִנְּהֵ֥ין פַּרְזֶ֖ל *ומנהון **וּמִנְּהֵ֣ין חֲסַ֑ף מִן־קְצָ֤ת מַלְכוּתָא֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣ה תַקִּיפָ֔ה וּמִנַּ֖הּ תֶּהֱוֵ֥ה תְבִירָֽה׃ | And as for the toes, partly of iron and partly of clay, part of the kingdom will be strong and part of it will be fragile. | partly (2x): see 2:33. |
| Dan 2:43 | *די **וְדִ֣י חֲזַ֗יְתָ פַּרְזְלָא֙ מְעָרַב֙ בַּחֲסַ֣ף טִינָ֔א מִתְעָרְבִ֤ין לֶהֱוֺן֙ בִּזְרַ֣ע אֲנָשָׁ֔א וְלָֽא־לֶהֱוֺ֥ן דָּבְקִ֖ין דְּנָ֣ה עִם־דְּנָ֑ה הֵֽא־כְדִ֣י פַרְזְלָ֔א לָ֥א מִתְעָרַ֖ב עִם־חַסְפָּֽא׃ | {K: And} [Q: And] as regards the fact that you saw iron mixed with clay earthenware, they will be mixed in with the seed of mankind, but they will not stick to each other, just as iron does not blend with clay. | mixed in with the seed of mankind: compare Gen 6:2, Matt 13:38, Jude 1:6. |
| Dan 2:44 | וּֽבְיוֹמֵיה֞וֹן דִּ֧י מַלְכַיָּ֣א אִנּ֗וּן יְקִים֩ אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֤א מַלְכוּ֙ דִּ֤י לְעָלְמִין֙ לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה לְעַ֥ם אָחֳרָ֖ן לָ֣א תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק תַּדִּ֤ק וְתָסֵיף֙ כָּל־אִלֵּ֣ין מַלְכְוָתָ֔א וְהִ֖יא תְּק֥וּם לְעָלְמַיָּֽא׃ | And in the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up an age-abiding kingdom which will not be destroyed, nor will the kingdom be left to another people. It will shatter and put an end to all these kingdoms, and it will stand age-abidingly. |
the days of those kings ← their days of those kings.
be left: the Aramaic root occurs in Mark 15:34. |
| Dan 2:45 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃ פ | In view of the fact that you saw that a stone was cut out of the mountain, which was not done with hands, and it shattered the iron, the copper, the clay, the silver and the gold, the great God has made known to the king what will take place after the present time. Now the dream is certain, and its interpretation is trustworthy.” |
take place ← be.
the present time ← this. |
| Dan 2:46 | בֵּ֠אדַיִן מַלְכָּ֤א נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּר֙ נְפַ֣ל עַל־אַנְפּ֔וֹהִי וּלְדָנִיֵּ֖אל סְגִ֑ד וּמִנְחָה֙ וְנִ֣יחֹחִ֔ין אֲמַ֖ר לְנַסָּ֥כָה לֵֽהּ׃ | At this King Nebuchadnezzar fell face down, and he prostrated himself to Daniel, and he said he would pour out a meal-offering and fragrances to him. |
at this ← then, therefore.
face down ← on his face. |
| Dan 2:47 | עָנֵה֩ מַלְכָּ֨א לְדָנִיֵּ֜אל וְאָמַ֗ר מִן־קְשֹׁט֙ דִּ֣י אֱלָהֲכ֗וֹן ה֣וּא אֱלָ֧הּ אֱלָהִ֛ין וּמָרֵ֥א מַלְכִ֖ין וְגָלֵ֣ה רָזִ֑ין דִּ֣י יְכֵ֔לְתָּ לְמִגְלֵ֖א רָזָ֥ה דְנָֽה׃ | The king responded to Daniel and said, “It is true that your God is the God of gods, and the Lord of kings and a revealer of secrets, in that you were able to reveal this secret.” | your: plural, referring to the sons of Israel (Dan 1:3). |
| Dan 2:48 | אֱדַ֨יִן מַלְכָּ֜א לְדָנִיֵּ֣אל רַבִּ֗י וּמַתְּנָ֨ן רַבְרְבָ֤ן שַׂגִּיאָן֙ יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ וְהַ֨שְׁלְטֵ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֑ל וְרַב־סִגְנִ֔ין עַ֖ל כָּל־חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ | Then the king exalted Daniel, and he gave him many great gifts, and he put him in charge of the whole province of Babylon, and he made him the administrator over all the wise men of Babylon. |
put him in charge of ← had him rule over.
administrator ← chief of prefects. |
| Dan 2:49 | וְדָנִיֵּאל֙ בְּעָ֣א מִן־מַלְכָּ֔א וּמַנִּ֗י עַ֤ל עֲבִֽידְתָּא֙ דִּ֚י מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֔ל לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ וְדָנִיֵּ֖אל בִּתְרַ֥ע מַלְכָּֽא׃ פ | And Daniel made requests to the king, and he appointed Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego over the administration of the province of Babylon. And Daniel was in the king's royal court. | administration ← work. |
| Dan 3:1 | נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ צְלֵ֣ם דִּֽי־דְהַ֔ב רוּמֵהּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖הּ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁ֑ת אֲקִימֵהּ֙ בְּבִקְעַ֣ת דּוּרָ֔א בִּמְדִינַ֖ת בָּבֶֽל׃ | Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold. Its height was sixty cubits and its breadth was six cubits. He set it up in the lowland of Dura in the province of Babylon. | cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Dan 3:2 | וּנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֡א שְׁלַ֡ח לְמִכְנַ֣שׁ ׀ לַֽאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּא֩ גְדָ֨בְרַיָּ֤א דְּתָבְרַיָּא֙ תִּפְתָּיֵ֔א וְכֹ֖ל שִׁלְטֹנֵ֣י מְדִֽינָתָ֑א לְמֵתֵא֙ לַחֲנֻכַּ֣ת צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃ | And Nebuchadnezzar the king sent word to assemble the satraps, the administrators and the governors, the high court judges, the treasurers, the legislators, the security officials and all the rulers of the provinces, for them to come to the dedication of the image which King Nebuchadnezzar had set up. | |
| Dan 3:3 | בֵּאדַ֡יִן מִֽתְכַּנְּשִׁ֡ין אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּֽפַחֲוָתָ֡א אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּ֣א גְדָבְרַיָּא֩ דְּתָ֨בְרַיָּ֜א תִּפְתָּיֵ֗א וְכֹל֙ שִׁלְטֹנֵ֣י מְדִֽינָתָ֔א לַחֲנֻכַּ֣ת צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֑א *וקאמין **וְקָֽיְמִין֙ לָקֳבֵ֣ל צַלְמָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּֽר׃ | At this the satraps, the administrators and the governors, the high court judges, the treasurers, the legislators, the security officials and all the rulers of the provinces assembled for the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king set up, and they stood facing the image which Nebuchadnezzar had set up. |
had set up: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
at this ← then, therefore. |
| Dan 3:4 | וְכָרוֹזָ֖א קָרֵ֣א בְחָ֑יִל לְכ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙ עַֽמְמַיָּ֔א אֻמַּיָּ֖א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּֽא׃ | And the herald proclaimed loudly, “We command you, O peoples and nations and languages, | languages: i.e. linguistic groups. |
| Dan 3:5 | בְּעִדָּנָ֡א דִּֽי־תִשְׁמְע֡וּן קָ֣ל קַרְנָ֣א מַ֠שְׁרוֹקִיתָא *קיתרוס **קַתְר֨וֹס סַבְּכָ֤א פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֙ סוּמְפֹּ֣נְיָ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֑א תִּפְּל֤וּן וְתִסְגְּדוּן֙ לְצֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃ | that at the moment when you hear the sound of the horn, the flute, the harp, the sambuke, the psaltery, the bagpipes, and all the kinds of music, you shall fall down and prostrate yourselves to the image of gold which Nebuchadnezzar the king set up. | harp: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Dan 3:6 | וּמַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְיִסְגֻּ֑ד בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣א יִתְרְמֵ֔א לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃ | And whoever does not fall down and prostrate himself will at that time be thrown into a furnace of blazing fire.” |
time ← hour.
into ← inside. |
| Dan 3:7 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֡ה בֵּהּ־זִמְנָ֡א כְּדִ֣י שָֽׁמְעִ֣ין כָּֽל־עַמְמַיָּ֡א קָ֣ל קַרְנָא֩ מַשְׁר֨וֹקִיתָ֜א *קיתרס **קַתְר֤וֹס שַׂבְּכָא֙ פְּסַנְטֵרִ֔ין וְכֹ֖ל זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֑א נָֽפְלִ֨ין כָּֽל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֜א אֻמַיָּ֣א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֗א סָֽגְדִין֙ לְצֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽא׃ | In accordance with this, at the very moment when all the peoples heard the sound of the horn, the flute, the harp, the sambuke, the psaltery, and all the kinds of music, all the peoples, nations and languages would fall down and prostrate themselves to the image of gold which Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up. |
harp: see Dan 3:5.
moment ← time. languages: see Dan 3:4. |
| Dan 3:8 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֤ל דְּנָה֙ בֵּהּ־זִמְנָ֔א קְרִ֖בוּ גֻּבְרִ֣ין כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין וַאֲכַ֥לוּ קַרְצֵיה֖וֹן דִּ֥י יְהוּדָיֵֽא׃ | Pursuant to this, at that very time some Chaldean men came along and slandered the Jews. |
came along ← came near.
slandered ← ate the pieces of. |
| Dan 3:9 | עֲנוֹ֙ וְאָ֣מְרִ֔ין לִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּ֑א מַלְכָּ֖א לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי׃ | They broached the subject and said to King Nebuchadnezzar, “O king, live age-abidingly. | they broached the subject ← they answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Dan 3:10 | *אנתה **אַ֣נְתְּ מַלְכָּא֮ שָׂ֣מְתָּ טְּעֵם֒ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִשְׁמַ֡ע קָ֣ל קַרְנָ֣א מַ֠שְׁרֹקִיתָא *קיתרס **קַתְר֨וֹס שַׂבְּכָ֤א פְסַנְתֵּרִין֙ *וסיפניה **וְסוּפֹּ֣נְיָ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֑א יִפֵּ֥ל וְיִסְגֻּ֖ד לְצֶ֥לֶם דַּהֲבָֽא׃ | O king, you issued a decree that every man who hears the sound of the horn, the flute, the harp, the sambuke, the psaltery and the bagpipes, and all the kinds of music, shall fall down and prostrate themselves to the image of gold, |
you: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form (a Hebraism) of the qeré.
harp: see Dan 3:5. bagpipes: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| Dan 3:11 | וּמַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְיִסְגֻּ֑ד יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃ | and whoever does not fall down and worship shall be thrown into a furnace of blazing fire. | |
| Dan 3:12 | אִיתַ֞י גֻּבְרִ֣ין יְהוּדָאיִ֗ן דִּֽי־מַנִּ֤יתָ יָתְהוֹן֙ עַל־עֲבִידַת֙ מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֔ל שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ לָא־שָׂ֨מֽוּ *עליך **עֲלָ֤ךְ מַלְכָּא֙ טְעֵ֔ם *לאלהיך **לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙ לָ֣א פָלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א סָגְדִֽין׃ ס | There are Jewish men whom you appointed over the administration of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego. These men, O king, have not heeded you; they do not worship {K: your gods} [Q: your god], nor do they prostrate themselves to the image of gold which you set up.” |
you: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
your gods: the ketiv could be read as either your god or your gods. The image might represent one particular god. administration ← work. heeded ← paid attention to ← placed decree on. |
| Dan 3:13 | בֵּאדַ֤יִן נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֙ בִּרְגַ֣ז וַחֲמָ֔ה אֲמַר֙ לְהַיְתָיָ֔ה לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֔ךְ הֵיתָ֖יוּ קֳדָ֥ם מַלְכָּֽא׃ | At this Nebuchadnezzar, in rage and fury, gave commandment to bring Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego in. So these men were brought before the king. |
at this ← then, therefore.
gave commandment ← said, but also commanded. |
| Dan 3:14 | עָנֵ֤ה נְבֻֽכַדְנֶצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֣ר לְה֔וֹן הַצְדָּ֕א שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ לֵֽאלָהַ֗י לָ֤א אִֽיתֵיכוֹן֙ פָּֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימֶת לָ֥א סָֽגְדִֽין׃ | Nebuchadnezzar addressed them and said to them, “Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego, do you really not worship my gods, nor prostrate yourselves to the image of gold which I set up? | addressed ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Dan 3:15 | כְּעַ֞ן הֵ֧ן אִֽיתֵיכ֣וֹן עֲתִידִ֗ין דִּ֣י בְעִדָּנָ֡א דִּֽי־תִשְׁמְע֡וּן קָ֣ל קַרְנָ֣א מַשְׁרוֹקִיתָ֣א *קיתרס **קַתְר֣וֹס שַׂבְּכָ֡א פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֩ וְסוּמְפֹּ֨נְיָ֜ה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זְנֵ֣י זְמָרָ֗א תִּפְּל֣וּן וְתִסְגְּדוּן֮ לְצַלְמָ֣א דִֽי־עַבְדֵת֒ וְהֵן֙ לָ֣א תִסְגְּד֔וּן בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣ה תִתְרְמ֔וֹן לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּ֑א וּמַן־ה֣וּא אֱלָ֔הּ דֵּ֥י יְשֵֽׁיזְבִנְכ֖וֹן מִן־יְדָֽי׃ | Now then, if you are willing at the time when you hear the sound of the horn, the flute, the harp, the sambuke, the psaltery and the bagpipes, and all kinds of music, to fall down and prostrate yourselves to the image which I made, fine. But if you do not prostrate yourselves, at that very time you will be thrown into a furnace of blazing fire, and what god is there who can deliver you from my hands?” |
harp: see Dan 3:5.
willing ← prepared. to fall down ← you will fall down. but: adversative use of the vav. time ← hour. |
| Dan 3:16 | עֲנ֗וֹ שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ וְאָמְרִ֖ין לְמַלְכָּ֑א נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר לָֽא־חַשְׁחִ֨ין אֲנַ֧חְנָה עַל־דְּנָ֛ה פִּתְגָ֖ם לַהֲתָבוּתָֽךְ׃ | Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego answered and said to the king, “Nebuchadnezzar, we are not obliged to reply to you in this matter. | |
| Dan 3:17 | הֵ֣ן אִיתַ֗י אֱלָהַ֙נָא֙ דִּֽי־אֲנַ֣חְנָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין יָכִ֖ל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתַ֑נָא מִן־אַתּ֨וּן נוּרָ֧א יָקִֽדְתָּ֛א וּמִן־יְדָ֥ךְ מַלְכָּ֖א יְשֵׁיזִֽב׃ | Nevertheless, our God, whom we worship, is able to save us from the furnace of blazing fire. And from your hand, O king, he will save us. | nevertheless ← if there is / behold / surely there is, here used adverbially. |
| Dan 3:18 | וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י *לאלהיך **לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙ לָא־*איתינא **אִיתַ֣נָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א נִסְגֻּֽד׃ ס | And even if he does not, let it be known to you, O king, that we do not worship {K: your gods} [Q: your god], and we will not prostrate ourselves to the image of gold which you have set up.” |
we do not worship: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
your gods: we do not understand where the qeré comes from in Codex Leningradensis, and it is absent in [BHS]. |
| Dan 3:19 | בֵּאדַ֨יִן נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר הִתְמְלִ֣י חֱמָ֗א וּצְלֵ֤ם אַנְפּ֙וֹהִי֙ *אשתנו **אֶשְׁתַּנִּ֔י עַל־שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ עָנֵ֤ה וְאָמַר֙ לְמֵזֵ֣א לְאַתּוּנָ֔א חַ֨ד־שִׁבְעָ֔ה עַ֛ל דִּ֥י חֲזֵ֖ה לְמֵזְיֵֽהּ׃ | At this Nebuchadnezzar became full of fury, and the complexion of his face changed, in opposition to Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego. He responded and gave commandment to heat the furnace seven times more than it was customary to heat it. |
changed: the qeré is singular (discordant with the plural / dual word for his face).
at this ← then, therefore. |
| Dan 3:20 | וּלְגֻבְרִ֤ין גִּבָּֽרֵי־חַ֙יִל֙ דִּ֣י בְחַיְלֵ֔הּ אֲמַר֙ לְכַפָּתָ֔ה לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ לְמִרְמֵ֕א לְאַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃ | And he commanded men, valiant warriors who were in his army, to bind Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego, and to throw them into the furnace of blazing fire. | |
| Dan 3:21 | בֵּאדַ֜יִן גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ כְּפִ֙תוּ֙ בְּסַרְבָּלֵיהוֹן֙ *פטישיהון **פַּטְּשֵׁיה֔וֹן וְכַרְבְּלָתְה֖וֹן וּלְבֻשֵׁיה֑וֹן וּרְמִ֕יו לְגֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖א יָקִֽדְתָּֽא׃ | So these men were bound in their trousers, their shirts and their hats and their garments, and they were thrown into the furnace of blazing fire. |
their shirts: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
into ← inside. |
| Dan 3:22 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ קַטִּ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹן שְׁבִיבָ֖א דִּ֥י נוּרָֽא׃ | As a result of this, considering that the king's word was pressing, and the furnace was heated in the extreme, the flame of the fire killed those men who took Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego up. | those ← these. |
| Dan 3:23 | וְגֻבְרַיָּ֤א אִלֵּךְ֙ תְּלָ֣תֵּה֔וֹן שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ נְפַ֛לוּ לְגֽוֹא־אַתּוּן־נוּרָ֥א יָֽקִדְתָּ֖א מְכַפְּתִֽין׃ פ | And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego fell into the furnace of blazing fire, bound. | |
| Dan 3:24 | אֱדַ֙יִן֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א תְּוַ֖הּ וְקָ֣ם בְּהִתְבְּהָלָ֑ה עָנֵ֨ה וְאָמַ֜ר לְהַדָּֽבְר֗וֹהִי הֲלָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְגוֹא־נוּרָא֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין עָנַ֤יִן וְאָמְרִין֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א יַצִּיבָ֖א מַלְכָּֽא׃ | Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonished, and he arose in haste and reacted and said to his attendants, “Did we not throw three men into the fire, bound?” They answered and said to the king, “Certainly, O king.” | reacted ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Dan 3:25 | עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר הָֽא־אֲנָ֨ה חָזֵ֜ה גֻּבְרִ֣ין אַרְבְּעָ֗ה שְׁרַ֙יִן֙ מַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּגֽוֹא־נוּרָ֔א וַחֲבָ֖ל לָא־אִיתַ֣י בְּה֑וֹן וְרֵוֵהּ֙ דִּ֣י *רביעיא **רְֽבִיעָאָ֔ה דָּמֵ֖ה לְבַר־אֱלָהִֽין׃ ס | He replied and said, “Look, I see four men, loose, walking around in the fire, and there is no harm being done to them. And the appearance of the fourth is like a son of God.” |
the fourth: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
in ← inside. |
| Dan 3:26 | בֵּאדַ֜יִן קְרֵ֣ב נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֗ר לִתְרַע֮ אַתּ֣וּן נוּרָ֣א יָקִֽדְתָּא֒ עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר שַׁדְרַ֨ךְ מֵישַׁ֧ךְ וַעֲבֵד־נְג֛וֹ עַבְד֛וֹהִי דִּֽי־אֱלָהָ֥א *עליא **עִלָּאָ֖ה פֻּ֣קוּ וֶאֱת֑וֹ בֵּאדַ֣יִן נָֽפְקִ֗ין שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֛ךְ וַעֲבֵ֥ד נְג֖וֹ מִן־גּ֥וֹא נוּרָֽא׃ | Then Nebuchadnezzar approached the door of the furnace of blazing fire and addressed them and said, “Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego, servants of the Most High God, come out and come here.” Then Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego came out of the fire. |
Most High: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
addressed ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. of the fire ← from inside the fire. |
| Dan 3:27 | וּ֠מִֽתְכַּנְּשִׁין אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֞א סִגְנַיָּ֣א וּפַחֲוָתָא֮ וְהַדָּבְרֵ֣י מַלְכָּא֒ חָזַ֣יִן לְגֻבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֡ךְ דִּי֩ לָֽא־שְׁלֵ֨ט נוּרָ֜א בְּגֶשְׁמְה֗וֹן וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵֽאשְׁהוֹן֙ לָ֣א הִתְחָרַ֔ךְ וְסָרְבָּלֵיה֖וֹן לָ֣א שְׁנ֑וֹ וְרֵ֣יחַ נ֔וּר לָ֥א עֲדָ֖ת בְּהֽוֹן׃ | And the satraps, administrators and governors and attendants to the king gathered together and saw these men over whose bodies the fire had no power, and whose hair of their head was not singed, and whose trousers were not affected, and on whom the smell of fire did not pass. | affected ← changed. |
| Dan 3:28 | עָנֵ֨ה נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר וְאָמַ֗ר בְּרִ֤יךְ אֱלָהֲהוֹן֙ דִּֽי־שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ דִּֽי־שְׁלַ֤ח מַלְאֲכֵהּ֙ וְשֵׁיזִ֣ב לְעַבְד֔וֹהִי דִּ֥י הִתְרְחִ֖צוּ עֲל֑וֹהִי וּמִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ שַׁנִּ֔יו וִיהַ֣בוּ *גשמיהון **גֶשְׁמְה֗וֹן דִּ֠י לָֽא־יִפְלְח֤וּן וְלָֽא־יִסְגְּדוּן֙ לְכָל־אֱלָ֔הּ לָהֵ֖ן לֵאלָֽהֲהֽוֹן׃ | Nebuchadnezzar spoke up and said, “Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego, who sent his angel and saved his servants who put their trust in him and defied the king's word, and who gave up their bodies so that they should not worship or prostrate themselves to any god except their God. |
their bodies: the qeré is their body.
spoke up ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. defied ← changed. Also frustrated [BDB]. any ← every. |
| Dan 3:29 | וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּי֩ כָל־עַ֨ם אֻמָּ֜ה וְלִשָּׁ֗ן דִּֽי־יֵאמַ֤ר *שלה **שָׁלוּ֙ עַ֣ל אֱלָהֲה֗וֹן דִּֽי־שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹא הַדָּמִ֣ין יִתְעֲבֵ֔ד וּבַיְתֵ֖הּ נְוָלִ֣י יִשְׁתַּוֵּ֑ה כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֣י לָ֤א אִיתַי֙ אֱלָ֣ה אָחֳרָ֔ן דִּֽי־יִכֻּ֥ל לְהַצָּלָ֖ה כִּדְנָֽה׃ | And a decree is hereby issued by me, that every people and nation and language which speaks disrespectfully about the God of Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego will be dismembered and their house will be made a dunghill, because there is no other god who can bring deliverance like this.” |
disrespectfully ← negligence. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
language: see Dan 3:4. be dismembered: see Dan 2:5. their house ← his house. be made ← be made equal to. |
| Dan 3:30 | בֵּאדַ֣יִן מַלְכָּ֗א הַצְלַ֛ח לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֛ךְ וַעֲבֵ֥ד נְג֖וֹ בִּמְדִינַ֥ת בָּבֶֽל׃ פ | Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego in the province of Babylon. | |
| Dan 3:31 Dan 4:1AV |
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א לְֽכָל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א דִּֽי־*דארין **דָיְרִ֥ין בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא׃ | “From Nebuchadnezzar the king to all peoples and nations and languages who dwell in all the earth, may your peace increase. |
dwell: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
1 Pet 1:2. languages: see Dan 3:4. earth: or land. |
| Dan 3:32 Dan 4:2AV |
אָֽתַיָּא֙ וְתִמְהַיָּ֔א דִּ֚י עֲבַ֣ד עִמִּ֔י אֱלָהָ֖א *עליא **עִלָּאָ֑ה שְׁפַ֥ר קָֽדָמַ֖י לְהַחֲוָיָֽה׃ | It gives me pleasure to communicate the signs and wonders which the Most High God has done in connection with me. |
Most High: see Dan 3:26.
it gives me pleasure ← it was pleasing before me. |
| Dan 3:33 Dan 4:3AV |
אָת֙וֹהִי֙ כְּמָ֣ה רַבְרְבִ֔ין וְתִמְה֖וֹהִי כְּמָ֣ה תַקִּיפִ֑ין מַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת עָלַ֔ם וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר׃ |
How great his signs are! And how powerful his wonders are! His kingdom is an age-abiding kingdom, And his rule is with generation after generation. |
after ← and. |
| Dan 4:1 Dan 4:4AV |
אֲנָ֣ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֗ר שְׁלֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּבֵיתִ֔י וְרַעְנַ֖ן בְּהֵיכְלִֽי׃ | I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and thriving in my palace. | |
| Dan 4:2 Dan 4:5AV |
חֵ֥לֶם חֲזֵ֖ית וִֽידַחֲלִנַּ֑נִי וְהַרְהֹרִין֙ עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֔י וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃ | I had a dream, and it frightened me, and my thoughts on my bed and the visions in my head disturbed me. |
had ← saw.
visions in ← visions of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Dan 4:3 Dan 4:6AV |
וּמִנִּי֙ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵ֔ם לְהַנְעָלָ֣ה קָֽדָמַ֔י לְכֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֣י בָבֶ֑ל דִּֽי־פְשַׁ֥ר חֶלְמָ֖א יְהֽוֹדְעֻנַּֽנִי׃ | And a decree was issued by me to bring in before me all the wise men of Babylon, for them to make the interpretation of the dream known to me. | by me ← from me. |
| Dan 4:4 Dan 4:7AV |
בֵּאדַ֣יִן *עללין **עָלִּ֗ין חַרְטֻמַיָּא֙ אָֽשְׁפַיָּ֔א *כשדיא **כַּשְׂדָּאֵ֖י וְגָזְרַיָּ֑א וְחֶלְמָ֗א אָמַ֤ר אֲנָה֙ קֳדָ֣מֵיה֔וֹן וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ לָא־מְהוֹדְעִ֥ין לִֽי׃ | At this the magi, the enchanters, the Chaldeans and the diviners came in, and I described the dream in their presence, but they did not make its interpretation known to me. |
Chaldeans: see Dan 2:2 - Dan 2:5.
came in: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. at this ← then, therefore. described ← said. |
| Dan 4:5 Dan 4:8AV |
וְעַ֣ד אָחֳרֵ֡ין עַל֩ קָֽדָמַ֨י דָּנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֤הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ כְּשֻׁ֣ם אֱלָהִ֔י וְדִ֛י רֽוּחַ־אֱלָהִ֥ין קַדִּישִׁ֖ין בֵּ֑הּ וְחֶלְמָ֖א קָֽדָמ֥וֹהִי אַמְרֵֽת׃ | And last of all Daniel came in to my presence, whose name is Belteshazzar after the name of my god, and in whom is the spirit of holy gods, and I described the dream to him as follows: | last of all ← until eventually. |
| Dan 4:6 Dan 4:9AV |
בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֮ רַ֣ב חַרְטֻמַיָּא֒ דִּ֣י ׀ אֲנָ֣ה יִדְעֵ֗ת דִּ֠י ר֣וּחַ אֱלָהִ֤ין קַדִּישִׁין֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְכָל־רָ֖ז לָא־אָנֵ֣ס לָ֑ךְ חֶזְוֵ֨י חֶלְמִ֧י דִֽי־חֲזֵ֛ית וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ אֱמַֽר׃ | ‘Belteshazzar, head of the magi, in whom I know that the spirit of the holy gods is, and no mystery is too difficult for you. Set out the visions of my dream which I had, and its interpretation. |
in whom ← whom ... in you.
no ← not every. set out ← say. I had ← I saw. |
| Dan 4:7 Dan 4:10AV |
וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֔ית וַאֲל֥וּ אִילָ֛ן בְּג֥וֹא אַרְעָ֖א וְרוּמֵ֥הּ שַׂגִּֽיא׃ |
Now I saw the visions of my head on my bed,
And there was a tree in the middle of the earth, And its height was great. |
there was ← behold. |
| Dan 4:8 Dan 4:11AV |
רְבָ֥ה אִֽילָנָ֖א וּתְקִ֑ף וְרוּמֵהּ֙ יִמְטֵ֣א לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ לְס֥וֹף כָּל־אַרְעָֽא׃ |
The tree grew and became strong, And in height it reached the sky, And it was visible at the ends of the whole world. |
in height ← its height.
it was visible ← its visibility (was). ends ← end. world: or known civilized world. Land would not fit well in Dan 4:19 (Dan 4:22AV). |
| Dan 4:9 Dan 4:12AV |
עָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֜וֹהִי תַּטְלֵ֣ל ׀ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֗א וּבְעַנְפ֙וֹהִי֙ *ידרון **יְדוּרָן֙ צִפֲּרֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א וּמִנֵּ֖הּ יִתְּזִ֥ין כָּל־בִּשְׂרָֽא׃ |
Its foliage was beautiful And its fruit was plentiful, And there was food for everything in it. Under it wild animals could find shade, And in its branches the birds of the sky could dwell, And from it all flesh could be nourished. |
dwell: the ketiv and qeré regard birds as a masculine and feminine word respectively. |
| Dan 4:10 Dan 4:13AV |
חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י וַאֲלוּ֙ עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֔ישׁ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֖א נָחִֽת׃ | I saw things in the visions of my head on my bed, and there was an angel – indeed a holy one – descending from heaven. |
there was ← behold. One being is involved, as the verb is singular. AV differs (a watcher and a holy one).
indeed ← and. |
| Dan 4:11 Dan 4:14AV |
קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר גֹּ֤דּוּ אִֽילָנָא֙ וְקַצִּ֣צוּ עַנְפ֔וֹהִי אַתַּ֥רוּ עָפְיֵ֖הּ וּבַדַּ֣רוּ אִנְבֵּ֑הּ תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי׃ |
He proclaimed loudly and said this:
«Cut the tree down, And chop its branches off; Strip its foliage off, And scatter its fruit. Let the animals under it flee, And also the birds from its branches. |
this ← thus.
strip ← shake. |
| Dan 4:12 Dan 4:15AV |
בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶֽאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ יִצְטַבַּ֔ע וְעִם־חֵיוְתָ֥א חֲלָקֵ֖הּ בַּעֲשַׂ֥ב אַרְעָֽא׃ |
But leave the stump with its roots in the ground, And do that with iron and copper bonds Pegged in the wild grass, And let it be moistened with the dew from the sky, And let its portion be with the animals In the vegetation of the earth. |
stump with ... dew from ← stump of ... dew of. Wider use of the construct state.
wild grass ← grass of the field. |
| Dan 4:13 Dan 4:16AV |
לִבְבֵהּ֙ מִן־*אנושא **אֲנָשָׁ֣א יְשַׁנּ֔וֹן וּלְבַ֥ב חֵיוָ֖ה יִתְיְהִ֣ב לֵ֑הּ וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֥וּן עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ |
Let his heart be changed from that of a man, And let the heart of an animal be given to him, And let seven timespans pass over him. |
man: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
let his heart be changed ← let them change his heart. Avoidance of the passive. timespans ← times, i.e. years. Compare Dan 12:7, which is explicit in Rev 11:2. |
| Dan 4:14 Dan 4:17AV |
בִּגְזֵרַ֤ת עִירִין֙ פִּתְגָמָ֔א וּמֵאמַ֥ר קַדִּישִׁ֖ין שְׁאֵֽלְתָ֑א עַד־דִּבְרַ֡ת דִּ֣י יִנְדְּע֣וּן חַ֠יַּיָּא דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֨יט *עליא **עִלָּאָ֜ה בְּמַלְכ֣וּת *אנושא **אֲנָשָׁ֗א וּלְמַן־דִּ֤י יִצְבֵּא֙ יִתְּנִנַּ֔הּ וּשְׁפַ֥ל אֲנָשִׁ֖ים יְקִ֥ים *עליה **עֲלַֽהּ׃ |
The matter is by the decree of angels, And the proceeding is by the edict of the holy ones, So that the living may know That the Most High is the ruler in the kingdom of man, And that he may give it to whomever he wishes, And that he may set the lowest of men over it.» |
Most High: see Dan 3:26.
man: see Dan 4:13 (Dan 4:16AV). over it: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. proceeding ← matter. lowest of ← low of. |
| Dan 4:15 Dan 4:18AV |
דְּנָה֙ חֶלְמָ֣א חֲזֵ֔ית אֲנָ֖ה מַלְכָּ֣א נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֑ר *ואנתה **וְאַ֨נְתְּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֜ר פִּשְׁרֵ֣א ׀ אֱמַ֗ר כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּ֣י ׀ כָּל־חַכִּימֵ֣י מַלְכוּתִ֗י לָֽא־יָכְלִ֤ין פִּשְׁרָא֙ לְהוֹדָ֣עֻתַ֔נִי *ואנתה **וְאַ֣נְתְּ כָּהֵ֔ל דִּ֛י רֽוּחַ־אֱלָהִ֥ין קַדִּישִׁ֖ין בָּֽךְ׃ | I, King Nebuchadnezzar, saw this dream. Now you, Belteshazzar, give the interpretation, because none of the wise men of my kingdom are able to make the interpretation known to me, but you are able to, because the spirit of the holy gods is in you.’ |
you (2x): see Dan 3:10.
saw: in an Aramaic “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. give ← say. none ← not all, but in a negation, all becomes none. |
| Dan 4:16 Dan 4:19AV |
אֱדַ֨יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ אַֽל־יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ עָנֵ֤ה בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֔ר *מראי **מָרִ֕י חֶלְמָ֥א *לשנאיך **לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ *לעריך **לְעָרָֽךְ׃ | At this Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was stupefied for about one hour, and his thoughts disturbed him. The king reacted and said, ‘Belteshazzar, do not let the dream and the interpretation disturb you.’ Belteshazzar replied and said, ‘My lord, may the dream apply to {K: those who hate you} [Q: him who hates you], and its interpretation to {K: your adversaries} [Q: your adversary]. |
my lord: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
at this ← then, therefore. reacted ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Dan 4:17 Dan 4:20AV |
אִֽילָנָא֙ דִּ֣י חֲזַ֔יְתָ דִּ֥י רְבָ֖ה וּתְקִ֑ף וְרוּמֵהּ֙ יִמְטֵ֣א לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ לְכָל־אַרְעָֽא׃ | The tree which you saw, which grew and became strong, and which in height reached the sky, and which was visible over the whole world, |
in height ← its height.
was visible ← its visibility (was). world: see Dan 4:8 (Dan 4:11AV). |
| Dan 4:18 Dan 4:21AV |
וְעָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֗וֹהִי תְּדוּר֙ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֔א וּבְעַנְפ֕וֹהִי יִשְׁכְּנָ֖ן צִפֲּרֵ֥י שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ | and whose foliage was beautiful, and whose fruit was plentiful, with there being food for everything in it, with wild animals able to dwell under it, and in whose branches the birds of the sky could settle, | |
| Dan 4:19 Dan 4:22AV |
*אנתה־**אַנְתְּ־ה֣וּא מַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֥י רְבַ֖ית וּתְקֵ֑פְתְּ וּרְבוּתָ֤ךְ רְבָת֙ וּמְטָ֣ת לִשְׁמַיָּ֔א וְשָׁלְטָנָ֖ךְ לְס֥וֹף אַרְעָֽא׃ | represents you, O king, who have grown and become strong, and whose greatness has increased and reached the sky, and whose rule extends to the end of the world. |
you: see Dan 3:10.
have grown: we read the ketiv, רְבַיְתָ. world: see Dan 4:8 (Dan 4:11AV). |
| Dan 4:20 Dan 4:23AV |
וְדִ֣י חֲזָ֣ה מַלְכָּ֡א עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֣ישׁ נָחִ֣ת ׀ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֡א וְאָמַר֩ גֹּ֨דּוּ אִֽילָנָ֜א וְחַבְּל֗וּהִי בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣א יִצְטַבַּ֗ע וְעִם־חֵיוַ֤ת בָּרָא֙ חֲלָקֵ֔הּ עַ֛ד דִּֽי־שִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֥וּן עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ | And concerning the fact that the king saw an angel – indeed a holy one – descending from heaven saying, «Cut the tree down and destroy it, but leave the stump with its roots in the ground, and do that with iron and copper bonds pegged in the wild grass, and let it be moistened by the dew from the sky, and let its portion be with the wild animals until seven timespans pass over it», |
indeed ← and.
stump with ... dew from: see Dan 4:12 (Dan 4:15AV). bonds ← bond. wild grass: see Dan 4:12 (Dan 4:15AV). timespans: see Dan 4:13 (Dan 4:16AV). |
| Dan 4:21 Dan 4:24AV |
דְּנָ֥ה פִשְׁרָ֖א מַלְכָּ֑א וּגְזֵרַ֤ת *עליא **עִלָּאָה֙ הִ֔יא דִּ֥י מְטָ֖ת עַל־*מראי **מָרִ֥י מַלְכָּֽא׃ | this is the interpretation, O king, and it is the decree of the Most High which has come upon my lord the king. |
Most High: see Dan 3:26.
my lord: see Dan 4:16 (Dan 4:19AV). |
| Dan 4:22 Dan 4:25AV |
וְלָ֣ךְ טָֽרְדִ֣ין מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֡א וְעִם־חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָא֩ לֶהֱוֵ֨ה מְדֹרָ֜ךְ וְעִשְׂבָּ֥א כְתוֹרִ֣ין ׀ לָ֣ךְ יְטַֽעֲמ֗וּן וּמִטַּ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ לָ֣ךְ מְצַבְּעִ֔ין וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֣וּן עֲלָ֑יךְ עַ֣ד דִּֽי־תִנְדַּ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֤יט עִלָּיָא֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃ | Now you will be driven out from human society, and your habitat will be with the wild animals, and you will be fed on grass like oxen, and you will obtain drink from the dew of the sky. And seven timespans will pass over you in order that you may know that the Most High is the ruler in the kingdom of man, and that he can give it to whomever he wishes. |
Most High: there is a textual issue in [BHS], but not [WLC].
you will be driven out ... be fed ... obtain drink ← they will drive you out ... etc. Avoidance of the passive. human society ← man. timespans: see Dan 4:13 (Dan 4:16AV). over you: see Dan 4:14 (Dan 4:17AV), over it. in order that ← until, but purposive. |
| Dan 4:23 Dan 4:26AV |
וְדִ֣י אֲמַ֗רוּ לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י אִֽילָנָ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ לָ֣ךְ קַיָּמָ֑ה מִן־דִּ֣י תִנְדַּ֔ע דִּ֥י שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ | And concerning the fact that it was enjoined to leave the stump with the roots of the tree, your kingdom will remain yours after you have come to know that heaven is the ruler. |
it was enjoined ← they said. Avoidance of the passive.
stump with: see Dan 4:12 (Dan 4:15AV). remain ← be enduring. |
| Dan 4:24 Dan 4:27AV |
לָהֵ֣ן מַלְכָּ֗א מִלְכִּי֙ יִשְׁפַּ֣ר *עליך **עֲלָ֔ךְ *וחטיך **וַחֲטָאָךְ֙ בְּצִדְקָ֣ה פְרֻ֔ק וַעֲוָיָתָ֖ךְ בְּמִחַ֣ן עֲנָ֑יִן הֵ֛ן תֶּהֱוֵ֥א אַרְכָ֖ה לִשְׁלֵוְתָֽךְ׃ | So, O king, let my counsel be commended to you, desist from your {K: sins} [Q: sin] in favour of righteousness, and from your iniquity in favour of being compassionate to the poor, and it may be that your prosperity will have long duration.’ ” |
to you: see Dan 3:12.
be commended ← be seemly. desist from ← break off. it may be that ← if, but denoting general contingency / possibility. |
| Dan 4:25 Dan 4:28AV |
כֹּ֣לָּא מְּטָ֔א עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּֽא׃ פ | All this came upon Nebuchadnezzar the king. | all this ← the all. |
| Dan 4:26 Dan 4:29AV |
לִקְצָ֥ת יַרְחִ֖ין תְּרֵֽי־עֲשַׂ֑ר עַל־הֵיכַ֧ל מַלְכוּתָ֛א דִּ֥י בָבֶ֖ל מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ הֲוָֽה׃ | Twelve months later as he was walking in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon, | twelve months later ← at the end of twelve months. |
| Dan 4:27 Dan 4:30AV |
עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֔ר הֲלָ֥א דָא־הִ֖יא בָּבֶ֣ל רַבְּתָ֑א דִּֽי־אֲנָ֤ה בֱנַיְתַהּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית מַלְכ֔וּ בִּתְקַ֥ף חִסְנִ֖י וְלִיקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽי׃ | the king ventured to speak and said, “Is this not Babylon the Great, which I built as a royal house by the strength of my power, and to the honour of my glory?” |
ventured to speak ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27.
royal house ← house of the kingdom, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 4:28 Dan 4:31AV |
ע֗וֹד מִלְּתָא֙ בְּפֻ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔א קָ֖ל מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֣א נְפַ֑ל לָ֤ךְ אָֽמְרִין֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ה עֲדָ֥ת מִנָּֽךְ׃ | While the words were still in the king's mouth, a voice came down from heaven and said, “You are hereby informed, O King Nebuchadnezzar, that the kingdom has retreated from you. |
the words were ← the word was.
came down ← fell. you are hereby informed ← to you they say. |
| Dan 4:29 Dan 4:32AV |
וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁא֩ לָ֨ךְ טָֽרְדִ֜ין וְֽעִם־חֵיוַ֧ת בָּרָ֣א מְדֹרָ֗ךְ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ לָ֣ךְ יְטַעֲמ֔וּן וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֣וּן *עליך **עֲלָ֑ךְ עַ֣ד דִּֽי־תִנְדַּ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֤יט עִלָּיָא֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃ | And you are hereby driven out from human society, and your habitat is with wild animals. You will be fed grass like oxen, and seven timespans will pass over you in order that you may know that the Most High is the ruler in the kingdom of man, and that he can give it to whomever he wishes.” |
over you: see Dan 4:14 (Dan 4:17AV), over it.
driven out ... human society ... you will be fed ... timespans ... in order that: see Dan 4:22 (Dan 4:25AV). |
| Dan 4:30 Dan 4:33AV |
בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃ | At that very moment the pronouncement was fulfilled on Nebuchadnezzar, and he was driven out from human society, and he ate grass like oxen, and his body obtained drink from the dew of the sky, until his hair had grown like eagle's plumage, and his nails were like birds' claws. |
at that very moment ← in it the hour.
pronouncement was fulfilled ← word was ended / accomplished. human society ← man. obtained drink ← was wetted. |
| Dan 4:31 Dan 4:34AV |
וְלִקְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ אֲנָ֨ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר עַיְנַ֣י ׀ לִשְׁמַיָּ֣א נִטְלֵ֗ת וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ עֲלַ֣י יְת֔וּב *ולעליא **וּלְעִלָּאָה֙ בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּלְחַ֥י עָלְמָ֖א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת דִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר׃ |
“And at the end of the days, I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted up my eyes up to heaven, and my sanity returned to me, and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and gave glory to him who lives age-abidingly,
Whose dominion is an age-abiding dominion, And whose kingdom is with every generation. |
Most High: see Dan 3:26.
every generation ← generation and generation. |
| Dan 4:32 Dan 4:35AV |
וְכָל־*דארי **דָּיְרֵ֤י אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ עָבֵד֙ בְּחֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔א *ודארי **וְדָיְרֵ֖י אַרְעָ֑א וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִידֵ֔הּ וְיֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃ |
And all the inhabitants of the earth are considered nothing, And as he wishes, so he acts, With the might of heaven. And as for the inhabitants of the earth, Well there is no-one who can ward his hand off, Or say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ |
inhabitants (2x): the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
considered nothing ← not considered. well: wider use of the vav. |
| Dan 4:33 Dan 4:36AV |
בֵּהּ־זִמְנָ֞א מַנְדְּעִ֣י ׀ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֗י וְלִיקַ֨ר מַלְכוּתִ֜י הַדְרִ֤י וְזִוִי֙ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֔י וְלִ֕י הַדָּֽבְרַ֥י וְרַבְרְבָנַ֖י יְבַע֑וֹן וְעַל־מַלְכוּתִ֣י הָתְקְנַ֔ת וּרְב֥וּ יַתִּירָ֖ה ה֥וּסְפַת לִֽי׃ | At that very time my sanity returned to me. And to the honour of my kingdom, my glory and my splendour returned to me, and my attendants and my high-ranking officials sought me, and I was restored over my kingdom, and exceeding greatness was added to me. | at that very time ← in it the time. |
| Dan 4:34 Dan 4:37AV |
כְּעַ֞ן אֲנָ֣ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֗ר מְשַׁבַּ֨ח וּמְרוֹמֵ֤ם וּמְהַדַּר֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ שְׁמַיָּ֔א דִּ֤י כָל־מַעֲבָד֙וֹהִי֙ קְשֹׁ֔ט וְאֹרְחָתֵ֖הּ דִּ֑ין וְדִי֙ מַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּגֵוָ֔ה יָכִ֖ל לְהַשְׁפָּלָֽה׃ פ | So now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and exalt and glorify the king of heaven, all of whose works are truth, and whose ways are justice, and who is able to humble those who walk in arrogance.” | |
| Dan 5:1 | בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ לְחֶ֣ם רַ֔ב לְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי אֲלַ֑ף וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל אַלְפָּ֖א חַמְרָ֥א שָׁתֵֽה׃ | Belshazzar the king held a grand banquet for one thousand of his senior ranking officials, and he drank wine in the presence of the thousand. |
held ← made.
drank ← was drinking, or kept drinking. |
| Dan 5:2 | בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֞ר אֲמַ֣ר ׀ בִּטְעֵ֣ם חַמְרָ֗א לְהַיְתָיָה֙ לְמָאנֵי֙ דַּהֲבָ֣א וְכַסְפָּ֔א דִּ֤י הַנְפֵּק֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר אֲב֔וּהִי מִן־הֵיכְלָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְיִשְׁתּ֣וֹן בְּה֗וֹן מַלְכָּא֙ וְרַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי שֵׁגְלָתֵ֖הּ וּלְחֵנָתֵֽהּ׃ | Belshazzar, while tasting the wine, gave an order to bring the gold and silver articles which Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken out of the temple which is in Jerusalem, for the king and his high-ranking officials, his consorts and his concubines, to drink from. |
gave an order ← said, but also commanded. Compare 1 Chr 14:12.
father: the term includes forefathers; here grandfather. See [CB]. drink from: see Dan 5:3. |
| Dan 5:3 | בֵּאדַ֗יִן הַיְתִיו֙ מָאנֵ֣י דַהֲבָ֔א דִּ֣י הַנְפִּ֗קוּ מִן־הֵֽיכְלָ֛א דִּֽי־בֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְאִשְׁתִּ֣יו בְּה֗וֹן מַלְכָּא֙ וְרַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי שֵׁגְלָתֵ֖הּ וּלְחֵנָתֵֽהּ׃ | So they brought the golden articles which they had taken out of the temple of the house of God, which is in Jerusalem, and the king and his high-ranking officials and his consorts and his concubines drank from them. | drank from ← drank in (as in French, boire dans un verre). |
| Dan 5:4 | אִשְׁתִּ֖יו חַמְרָ֑א וְ֠שַׁבַּחוּ לֵֽאלָהֵ֞י דַּהֲבָ֧א וְכַסְפָּ֛א נְחָשָׁ֥א פַרְזְלָ֖א אָעָ֥א וְאַבְנָֽא׃ | They drank the wine and praised the gods of gold and silver, copper, iron, wood and stone. | |
| Dan 5:5 | בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗ה *נפקו **נְפַ֙קָה֙ אֶצְבְּעָן֙ דִּ֣י יַד־אֱנָ֔שׁ וְכָֽתְבָן֙ לָקֳבֵ֣ל נֶבְרַשְׁתָּ֔א עַל־גִּירָ֕א דִּֽי־כְתַ֥ל הֵיכְלָ֖א דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א וּמַלְכָּ֣א חָזֵ֔ה פַּ֥ס יְדָ֖ה דִּ֥י כָתְבָֽה׃ | At that very moment the fingers of a man's hand appeared and started writing opposite the lampstand on the plaster of the wall of the king's palace. And the king saw the palm of the hand which was writing. |
appeared: the ketiv is masculine (in Hebrew it would be common gender); the qeré is feminine.
at that very moment ← in it the hour. |
| Dan 5:6 | אֱדַ֤יִן מַלְכָּא֙ זִיוֺ֣הִי שְׁנ֔וֹהִי וְרַעיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלוּנֵּ֑הּ וְקִטְרֵ֤י חַרְצֵהּ֙ מִשְׁתָּרַ֔יִן וְאַ֨רְכֻבָּתֵ֔הּ דָּ֥א לְדָ֖א נָֽקְשָֽׁן׃ | At this the king's radiant complexion changed, and his thoughts alarmed him, and his hip joints became loose, and his knees knocked against each other. |
at this ← then, therefore.
changed ← changed (on) him. |
| Dan 5:7 | קָרֵ֤א מַלְכָּא֙ בְּחַ֔יִל לְהֶֽעָלָה֙ לְאָ֣שְׁפַיָּ֔א *כשדיא **כַּשְׂדָּאֵ֖י וְגָזְרַיָּ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֣ר ׀ לְחַכִּימֵ֣י בָבֶ֗ל דִּ֣י כָל־אֱ֠נָשׁ דִּֽי־יִקְרֵ֞ה כְּתָבָ֣ה דְנָ֗ה וּפִשְׁרֵהּ֙ יְחַוִּנַּ֔נִי אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א יִלְבַּ֗שׁ *והמונכא **וְהַֽמְנִיכָ֤א דִֽי־דַהֲבָא֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֔הּ וְתַלְתִּ֥י בְמַלְכוּתָ֖א יִשְׁלַֽט׃ ס | The king called out loudly to bring in the enchanters, the Chaldeans and the diviners. The king addressed them and said to the wise men of Babylon, “Any man who can read this writing and expound its interpretation to me will be clothed in purple and have a golden chain around his neck, and he will rule as the third in command in the kingdom.” |
Chaldeans: see Dan 2:5.
chain: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. any ← every. the third in command: as read by [AnLx], [BDB]. [FR] §71 reads the word with a suffix, so my third (in command). |
| Dan 5:8 | אֱדַ֙יִן֙ *עללין **עָֽלִּ֔ין כֹּ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א וְלָֽא־כָהֲלִ֤ין כְּתָבָא֙ לְמִקְרֵ֔א *ופשרא **וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ לְהוֹדָעָ֥ה לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ | So all the king's wise men came in, but they were not able to read the writing or to make {K: the interpretation} [Q: its interpretation] known to the king. |
came in: the ketiv and qeré are different conjugated forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Dan 5:9 | אֱ֠דַיִן מַלְכָּ֤א בֵלְשַׁאצַּר֙ שַׂגִּ֣יא מִתְבָּהַ֔ל וְזִיוֺ֖הִי שָׁנַ֣יִן עֲל֑וֹהִי וְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי מִֽשְׁתַּבְּשִֽׁין׃ | Then King Belshazzar became exceedingly alarmed, and his radiance changed, and his high-ranking officials were perplexed. | changed ← changed on him. |
| Dan 5:10 | מַלְכְּתָ֕א לָקֳבֵ֨ל מִלֵּ֤י מַלְכָּא֙ וְרַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי לְבֵ֥ית מִשְׁתְּיָ֖א *עללת **עַלַּ֑ת עֲנָ֨ת מַלְכְּתָ֜א וַאֲמֶ֗רֶת מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י אַֽל־יְבַהֲלוּךְ֙ רַעְיוֹנָ֔ךְ וְזִיוָ֖יךְ אַל־יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ׃ | On account of the words of the king and his high-ranking officials, the queen came into the banqueting house. The queen spoke out and said, “O king, live age-abidingly. Do not let your thoughts alarm you and do not let your radiance change. |
came into: the ketiv and qeré are different conjugated forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
spoke out ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. thoughts ← thought. |
| Dan 5:11 | אִיתַ֨י גְּבַ֜ר בְּמַלְכוּתָ֗ךְ דִּ֠י ר֣וּחַ אֱלָהִ֣ין קַדִּישִׁין֮ בֵּהּ֒ וּבְיוֹמֵ֣י אֲב֗וּךְ נַהִיר֧וּ וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְחָכְמָ֥ה כְּחָכְמַת־אֱלָהִ֖ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת בֵּ֑הּ וּמַלְכָּ֤א נְבֻֽכַדְנֶצַּר֙ אֲב֔וּךְ רַ֧ב חַרְטֻמִּ֣ין אָֽשְׁפִ֗ין כַּשְׂדָּאִין֙ גָּזְרִ֔ין הֲקִימֵ֖הּ אֲב֥וּךְ מַלְכָּֽא׃ | There is a man in your kingdom in whom there is the spirit of holy gods, and in the days of your father, enlightenment and intelligence and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods were found in him. And as for King Nebuchadnezzar your father, your father the king appointed him head of the magi, enchanters, Chaldeans and diviners, |
father (3x): see Dan 5:2.
were found ← was found. |
| Dan 5:12 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֡ל דִּ֣י ר֣וּחַ ׀ יַתִּירָ֡ה וּמַנְדַּ֡ע וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֡וּ מְפַשַּׁ֣ר חֶלְמִין֩ וַֽאַֽחֲוָיַ֨ת אֲחִידָ֜ן וּמְשָׁרֵ֣א קִטְרִ֗ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֤חַת בֵּהּ֙ בְּדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥א שָׂם־שְׁמֵ֖הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר כְּעַ֛ן דָּנִיֵּ֥אל יִתְקְרֵ֖י וּפִשְׁרָ֥ה יְהַֽחֲוֵֽה׃ פ | because a prodigious spirit and knowledge and intelligence in interpreting dreams and cracking riddles and solving problems were found in him – in Daniel – whom the king named Belteshazzar. Now then, let Daniel be called and let him give the interpretation.” |
cracking ← expounding.
problems ← knots. were found ← was found. named ← appointed his name. give ← expound. |
| Dan 5:13 | בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל הֻעַ֖ל קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֣ר לְדָנִיֵּ֗אל *אנתה־**אַנְתְּ־ה֤וּא דָנִיֵּאל֙ דִּֽי־מִן־בְּנֵ֤י גָלוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְה֔וּד דִּ֥י הַיְתִ֛י מַלְכָּ֥א אַ֖בִי מִן־יְהֽוּד׃ | So Daniel was brought in before the king. The king started to speak and said to Daniel, “Are you Daniel, who is one of the deportees from Judah, whom my father the king brought from Judah? |
you: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form (a Hebraism) of the qeré.
started to speak ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. from Judah ← of Judah. |
| Dan 5:14 | וְשִׁמְעֵ֣ת *עליך **עֲלָ֔ךְ דִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ אֱלָהִ֖ין בָּ֑ךְ וְנַהִיר֧וּ וְשָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְחָכְמָ֥ה יַתִּירָ֖ה הִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַת בָּֽךְ׃ | For I have heard concerning you that the spirit of gods is in you, and that enlightenment and intelligence and prodigious wisdom have been found in you. | concerning you: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. |
| Dan 5:15 | וּכְעַ֞ן הֻעַ֣לּוּ קָֽדָמַ֗י חַכִּֽימַיָּא֙ אָֽשְׁפַיָּ֔א דִּֽי־כְתָבָ֤ה דְנָה֙ יִקְר֔וֹן וּפִשְׁרֵ֖הּ לְהוֹדָעֻתַ֑נִי וְלָֽא־כָהֲלִ֥ין פְּשַֽׁר־מִלְּתָ֖א לְהַחֲוָיָֽה׃ | And now the wise men and the enchanters were brought into my presence to read this writing and to make its interpretation known to me, but they were not able to expound the meaning of the text. | text ← word, thing. |
| Dan 5:16 | וַאֲנָה֙ שִׁמְעֵ֣ת *עליך **עֲלָ֔ךְ דִּֽי־*תוכל **תִיכּ֥וּל פִּשְׁרִ֛ין לְמִפְשַׁ֖ר וְקִטְרִ֣ין לְמִשְׁרֵ֑א כְּעַ֡ן הֵן֩ *תוכל **תִּכ֨וּל כְּתָבָ֜א לְמִקְרֵ֗א וּפִשְׁרֵהּ֙ לְהוֹדָ֣עֻתַ֔נִי אַרְגְּוָנָ֣א תִלְבַּ֗שׁ *והמונכא **וְהַֽמְנִיכָ֤א דִֽי־דַהֲבָא֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארָ֔ךְ וְתַלְתָּ֥א בְמַלְכוּתָ֖א תִּשְׁלַֽט׃ פ | And I have heard concerning you that you are able to give interpretations and to solve problems. Now if you can read the writing and make its interpretation known to me, you will be clothed in purple, and you will have a golden chain around your neck, and you will rule as the third in command in the kingdom.” |
concerning you: see Dan 5:14.
you are able ... you can: the ketiv is a Hebrew form. chain: see Dan 5:7. give ← interpret. |
| Dan 5:17 | בֵּאדַ֜יִן עָנֵ֣ה דָנִיֵּ֗אל וְאָמַר֙ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔א מַתְּנָתָךְ֙ לָ֣ךְ לֶֽהֶוְיָ֔ן וּנְבָ֥זְבְּיָתָ֖ךְ לְאָחֳרָ֣ן הַ֑ב בְּרַ֗ם כְּתָבָא֙ אֶקְרֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א וּפִשְׁרָ֖א אֲהוֹדְעִנֵּֽהּ׃ | At this Daniel responded and said in the presence of the king, “Let your gifts be for yourself, and give your rewards to another, but I will read the writing to the king, and I will make the interpretation known to him. |
at this ← then, therefore.
rewards: see Dan 2:6. |
| Dan 5:18 | *אנתה **אַ֖נְתְּ מַלְכָּ֑א אֱלָהָא֙ *עליא **עִלָּאָ֔ה מַלְכוּתָ֤א וּרְבוּתָא֙ וִיקָרָ֣א וְהַדְרָ֔ה יְהַ֖ב לִנְבֻכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר אֲבֽוּךְ׃ | You are the king, but it is the Most High God who gave the kingdom and the magnificence and the honour and the glory to Nebuchadnezzar your father. |
you: see Dan 5:13.
Most High: see Dan 3:26. |
| Dan 5:19 | וּמִן־רְבוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א הֲו֛וֹ *זאעין **זָיְעִ֥ין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מַחֵ֔א וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ | And on account of the magnificence which he gave him, all the peoples and nations and languages trembled and feared before him. Whom he wished, he killed, and whom he wished, he preserved alive. Whom he wished, he exalted, and whom he wished, he brought low. |
trembled: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
languages: see Dan 3:4. exalted ... brought low: compare Ps 75:8 (Ps 75:7AV), applied to God. |
| Dan 5:20 | וּכְדִי֙ רִ֣ם לִבְבֵ֔הּ וְרוּחֵ֖הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת לַהֲזָדָ֑ה הָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔הּ וִֽיקָרָ֖ה הֶעְדִּ֥יוּ מִנֵּֽהּ׃ | But when his heart became haughty, and his spirit became obdurate to the point of him acting impertinently, he was taken down from his royal throne, and his honour was removed from him. |
his royal throne ← the throne of his kingdom, a Hebraic genitive.
his honour was removed ← they removed his honour. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 5:21 | וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א *שוי **שַׁוִּ֗יְו וְעִם־עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּֽי־יְדַ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֞יט אֱלָהָ֤א *עליא **עִלָּאָה֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה יְהָקֵ֥ים *עליה **עֲלַֽהּ׃ | And he was driven out from human society, and his heart was made like that of animals, and his habitat was with wild asses, and he was fed on grass like oxen, and his body was moistened from the dew of the sky, until he acknowledged that the Most High God is the ruler in the kingdom of man, and that whom he wishes, he appoints over it. |
his heart was made: {Q: they} [K: one] made his heart. Avoidance of the passive.
Most High: see Dan 3:26. over it: see Dan 4:14 (Dan 4:17AV). human society ← the sons of man. he was fed ← they fed him. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 5:22 | *ואנתה **וְאַ֤נְתְּ בְּרֵהּ֙ בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֔ר לָ֥א הַשְׁפֵּ֖לְתְּ לִבְבָ֑ךְ כָּל־קֳבֵ֕ל דִּ֥י כָל־דְּנָ֖ה יְדַֽעְתָּ׃ | And you are his son Belshazzar. You have not humbled your heart, yet you knew all this. | you: see Dan 5:13. |
| Dan 5:23 | וְעַ֣ל מָרֵֽא־שְׁמַיָּ֣א ׀ הִתְרוֹמַ֡מְתָּ וּלְמָֽאנַיָּ֨א דִֽי־בַיְתֵ֜הּ הַיְתִ֣יו *קדמיך **קָֽדָמָ֗ךְ *ואנתה **וְאַ֨נְתְּ *ורברבניך **וְרַבְרְבָנָ֜ךְ שֵֽׁגְלָתָ֣ךְ וּלְחֵנָתָךְ֮ חַמְרָא֮ שָׁתַ֣יִן בְּהוֹן֒ וְלֵֽאלָהֵ֣י כַסְפָּֽא־וְ֠דַהֲבָא נְחָשָׁ֨א פַרְזְלָ֜א אָעָ֣א וְאַבְנָ֗א דִּ֠י לָֽא־חָזַ֧יִן וְלָא־שָׁמְעִ֛ין וְלָ֥א יָדְעִ֖ין שַׁבַּ֑חְתָּ וְלֵֽאלָהָ֞א דִּֽי־נִשְׁמְתָ֥ךְ בִּידֵ֛הּ וְכָל־אֹרְחָתָ֥ךְ לֵ֖הּ לָ֥א הַדַּֽרְתָּ׃ | And you have exalted yourself over the Lord of heaven, and the articles of his house were brought in before you, and you and your {K: high-ranking officials} [Q: high-ranking official], your consorts and your concubines have drunk wine from them, and you have praised gods of silver and gold, copper and iron, wood and stone, which do not see and do not hear and do not perceive, but you have not glorified the God in whose hand your breath is and to whom all your ways are answerable. |
before you: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
you (third occurrence in verse): see Dan 5:13. were brought in ← they brought in. Avoidance of the passive. have drunk ... from: see Dan 5:3. |
| Dan 5:24 | בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי שְׁלִ֖יַחַ פַּסָּ֣א דִֽי־יְדָ֑א וּכְתָבָ֥א דְנָ֖ה רְשִֽׁים׃ | So the palm of a hand was sent from him, and this writing was inscribed. |
a hand ← the hand.
from ← from before. |
| Dan 5:25 | וּדְנָ֥ה כְתָבָ֖א דִּ֣י רְשִׁ֑ים מְנֵ֥א מְנֵ֖א תְּקֵ֥ל וּפַרְסִֽין׃ |
And this is the writing which was inscribed:
‘Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin.’ |
Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin: i.e. summed up, summed up, weighed (all singular), and dividing (plural, and active). |
| Dan 5:26 | דְּנָ֖ה פְּשַֽׁר־מִלְּתָ֑א מְנֵ֕א מְנָֽה־אֱלָהָ֥א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ וְהַשְׁלְמַֽהּ׃ | This is the interpretation of the words: mene – God has summed up your kingdom, and he has brought it to an end; | words ← word, matter. |
| Dan 5:27 | תְּקֵ֑ל תְּקִ֥ילְתָּה בְמֹֽאזַנְיָ֖א וְהִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַתְּ חַסִּֽיר׃ | tekel – you have been weighed in the balance and found wanting; | |
| Dan 5:28 | פְּרֵ֑ס פְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ךְ וִיהִיבַ֖ת לְמָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס׃ | peres – your kingdom is divided and is to be given to Media and Persia.” |
peres: the passive, singular, unlenited, form, without the vav copulative, of upharsin.
divided ... Persia: both words have root פרס (p-r-s). |
| Dan 5:29 | בֵּאדַ֣יִן ׀ אֲמַ֣ר בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֗ר וְהַלְבִּ֤ישׁוּ לְדָֽנִיֵּאל֙ אַרְגְּוָנָ֔א *והמונכא **וְהַֽמְנִיכָ֥א דִֽי־דַהֲבָ֖א עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֑הּ וְהַכְרִ֣זֽוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי דִּֽי־לֶהֱוֵ֥א שַׁלִּ֛יט תַּלְתָּ֖א בְּמַלְכוּתָֽא׃ | Then Belshazzar gave commandment, and they clothed Daniel in purple, and he put a chain of gold around his neck, and he made proclamation concerning him that he was to be the third in command in the kingdom. |
chain: see Dan 5:7.
gave commandment: see Dan 3:13. |
| Dan 5:30 | בֵּ֚הּ בְּלֵ֣ילְיָ֔א קְטִ֕יל בֵּלְאשַׁצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּ֥א *כשדיא **כַשְׂדָּאָֽה׃ פ | That very night Belshazzar the Chaldean king was killed. | Chaldean: see Dan 2:5. |
| Dan 6:1 Dan 5:31AV |
וְדָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙ מָֽדָיָ֔א קַבֵּ֖ל מַלְכוּתָ֑א כְּבַ֥ר שְׁנִ֖ין שִׁתִּ֥ין וְתַרְתֵּֽין׃ | Darius the Mede received the kingdom when he was sixty-two years old. |
Mede: no issue in [WLC]. In [BHS] the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
sixty-two: or about sixty-two, but the number is rather precise. Compare Josh 7:3, Luke 9:28. |
| Dan 6:2 Dan 6:1AV |
שְׁפַר֙ קֳדָ֣ם דָּרְיָ֔וֶשׁ וַהֲקִים֙ עַל־מַלְכוּתָ֔א לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֖א מְאָ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֑ין דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֺ֖ן בְּכָל־מַלְכוּתָֽא׃ | It pleased Darius to appoint one hundred and twenty satraps over the kingdom, who were to be distributed throughout all the kingdom, | it pleased Darius to appoint ← it was pleasing before Darius, and he appointed. |
| Dan 6:3 Dan 6:2AV |
וְעֵ֤לָּא מִנְּהוֹן֙ סָרְכִ֣ין תְּלָתָ֔א דִּ֥י דָנִיֵּ֖אל חַֽד־מִנְּה֑וֹן דִּֽי־לֶהֱוֺ֞ן אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ין יָהֲבִ֤ין לְהוֹן֙ טַעְמָ֔א וּמַלְכָּ֖א לָֽא־לֶהֱוֵ֥א נָזִֽק׃ | and over them three ministers, of whom Daniel was one, to whom these satraps would give a report, so that the king would not be in danger. |
to whom: plural.
so that: purposive use of the vav. be in danger ← suffering injury, [AnLx], [BDB], [Ges-HCL], but unclear whether physical or financial. |
| Dan 6:4 Dan 6:3AV |
אֱדַ֙יִן֙ דָּנִיֵּ֣אל דְּנָ֔ה הֲוָ֣א מִתְנַצַּ֔ח עַל־סָרְכַיָּ֖א וַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ יַתִּירָא֙ בֵּ֔הּ וּמַלְכָּ֣א עֲשִׁ֔ית לַהֲקָמוּתֵ֖הּ עַל־כָּל־מַלְכוּתָֽא׃ | Then this Daniel distinguished himself more than the other ministers and satraps, because there was a prodigious spirit in him, and the king proposed to appoint him over the whole kingdom. |
more than ← above.
proposed: [AnLx] parses as peal preterite, but the form is consistent with a peal passive participle, so perhaps like English be minded. |
| Dan 6:5 Dan 6:4AV |
אֱדַ֨יִן סָֽרְכַיָּ֜א וַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֗א הֲו֨וֹ בָעַ֧יִן עִלָּ֛ה לְהַשְׁכָּחָ֥ה לְדָנִיֵּ֖אל מִצַּ֣ד מַלְכוּתָ֑א וְכָל־עִלָּ֨ה וּשְׁחִיתָ֜ה לָא־יָכְלִ֣ין לְהַשְׁכָּחָ֗ה כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְהֵימַ֣ן ה֔וּא וְכָל־שָׁלוּ֙ וּשְׁחִיתָ֔ה לָ֥א הִשְׁתְּכַ֖חַת עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ | At this the ministers and satraps tried to find a pretext against Daniel from the standpoint of the kingdom, but they could not find any pretext or corrupt practice, because he was faithful, and no negligence or corrupt practice was found concerning him. |
at this ← then, thereupon.
tried ← sought. standpoint ← side. [FR] has political angle. any ← every. no ← not every. |
| Dan 6:6 Dan 6:5AV |
אֱ֠דַיִן גֻּבְרַיָּ֤א אִלֵּךְ֙ אָֽמְרִ֔ין דִּ֣י לָ֧א נְהַשְׁכַּ֛ח לְדָנִיֵּ֥אל דְּנָ֖ה כָּל־עִלָּ֑א לָהֵ֕ן הַשְׁכַּ֥חְנָֽה עֲל֖וֹהִי בְּדָ֥ת אֱלָהֵֽהּ׃ ס | So these men said, “We shall not find any pretext against this Daniel, except when we find something against him in the formalities of his God.” |
any ← every.
formalities: or law. |
| Dan 6:7 Dan 6:6AV |
אֱ֠דַיִן סָרְכַיָּ֤א וַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא֙ אִלֵּ֔ן הַרְגִּ֖שׁוּ עַל־מַלְכָּ֑א וְכֵן֙ אָמְרִ֣ין לֵ֔הּ דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֖א לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי׃ | Then these ministers and satraps assembled with the king and spoke as follows to him: “O King Darius, live age-abidingly. |
assembled with ← assembled at.
as follows ← thus. |
| Dan 6:8 Dan 6:7AV |
אִתְיָעַ֜טוּ כֹּ֣ל ׀ סָרְכֵ֣י מַלְכוּתָ֗א סִגְנַיָּ֤א וַֽאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא֙ הַדָּֽבְרַיָּ֣א וּפַחֲוָתָ֔א לְקַיָּמָ֤ה קְיָם֙ מַלְכָּ֔א וּלְתַקָּפָ֖ה אֱסָ֑ר דִּ֣י כָל־דִּֽי־יִבְעֵ֣ה בָ֠עוּ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְגֹ֖ב אַרְיָוָתָֽא׃ | All the ministers of the kingdom, the administrators and the satraps, the attendants and the governors have taken counsel together to establish a statute, O king, and to issue a prohibition, that anyone who prays for a request from any god or man for thirty days except from you, O king, will be thrown into the lions' den. |
statute, O king: AV differs (royal statute) ← statute of the king, a Hebraic genitive, possible, but not MT punctuation.
anyone ← everyone. any ← every. lions' ← lionesses', unless the word is generically feminine. |
| Dan 6:9 Dan 6:8AV |
כְּעַ֣ן מַלְכָּ֔א תְּקִ֥ים אֱסָרָ֖א וְתִרְשֻׁ֣ם כְּתָבָ֑א דִּ֣י לָ֧א לְהַשְׁנָיָ֛ה כְּדָת־מָדַ֥י וּפָרַ֖ס דִּי־לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא׃ | Now then, O king, ratify the prohibition, and draw up the document which is immutable according to the law of Media and Persia, so that it does not lapse.” | immutable ← not to change. |
| Dan 6:10 Dan 6:9AV |
כָּל־קֳבֵ֖ל דְּנָ֑ה מַלְכָּא֙ דָּֽרְיָ֔וֶשׁ רְשַׁ֥ם כְּתָבָ֖א וֶאֱסָרָֽא׃ | On account of this, King Darius drew up the document and the prohibition. | |
| Dan 6:11 Dan 6:10AV |
וְ֠דָנִיֵּאל כְּדִ֨י יְדַ֜ע דִּֽי־רְשִׁ֤ים כְּתָבָא֙ עַ֣ל לְבַיְתֵ֔הּ וְכַוִּ֨ין פְּתִיחָ֥ן לֵהּ֙ בְּעִלִּיתֵ֔הּ נֶ֖גֶד יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְזִמְנִין֩ תְּלָתָ֨ה בְיוֹמָ֜א ה֣וּא ׀ בָּרֵ֣ךְ עַל־בִּרְכ֗וֹהִי וּמְצַלֵּ֤א וּמוֹדֵא֙ קֳדָ֣ם אֱלָהֵ֔הּ כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־הֲוָ֣א עָבֵ֔ד מִן־קַדְמַ֖ת דְּנָֽה׃ ס | Then when Daniel came to know that the document had been drawn up, he went into his house with his windows open in his upper room facing Jerusalem, and three times a day he knelt down on his knees and prayed and gave praise before his God, just as he used to do before this. | facing Jerusalem: compare Ps 5:8 (Ps 5:7AV). |
| Dan 6:12 Dan 6:11AV |
אֱ֠דַיִן גֻּבְרַיָּ֤א אִלֵּךְ֙ הַרְגִּ֔שׁוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֖חוּ לְדָנִיֵּ֑אל בָּעֵ֥א וּמִתְחַנַּ֖ן קֳדָ֥ם אֱלָהֵֽהּ׃ | Then these men assembled and found Daniel praying and seeking mercy before his God. | |
| Dan 6:13 Dan 6:12AV |
בֵּ֠אדַיִן קְרִ֨יבוּ וְאָמְרִ֥ין קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא֮ עַל־אֱסָ֣ר מַלְכָּא֒ הֲלָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר יַצִּיבָ֧א מִלְּתָ֛א כְּדָת־מָדַ֥י וּפָרַ֖ס דִּי־לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא׃ | At this they went up to the king and said in his presence concerning the king's prohibition, “Did you not draw up a prohibition that anyone who prays for a request from any god or man for thirty days except from you, O king, would be thrown into the lions' den?” The king answered and said, “The words are fixed according to the law of Media and Persia which does not lapse.” |
at this ← then, therefore.
they went up to the king and said in his presence ← approached and said before the king. anyone ← everyone. any ← every. lions': see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). words are ← word (is). |
| Dan 6:14 Dan 6:13AV |
בֵּ֠אדַיִן עֲנ֣וֹ וְאָמְרִין֮ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּא֒ דִּ֣י דָנִיֵּ֡אל דִּי֩ מִן־בְּנֵ֨י גָלוּתָ֜א דִּ֣י יְה֗וּד לָא־שָׂ֨ם *עליך **עֲלָ֤ךְ מַלְכָּא֙ טְעֵ֔ם וְעַל־אֱסָרָ֖א דִּ֣י רְשַׁ֑מְתָּ וְזִמְנִ֤ין תְּלָתָה֙ בְּיוֹמָ֔א בָּעֵ֖א בָּעוּתֵֽהּ׃ | To this they replied and said in the king's presence, “Daniel, who is one of the deportees from Judah, has not heeded you, O king, or the prohibition which you drew up, and he prays for his request three times a day.” |
you ← at you. The ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
to this ← then, therefore. deportees ← sons of deportation. |
| Dan 6:15 Dan 6:14AV |
אֱדַ֨יִן מַלְכָּ֜א כְּדִ֧י מִלְּתָ֣א שְׁמַ֗ע שַׂגִּיא֙ בְּאֵ֣שׁ עֲל֔וֹהִי וְעַ֧ל דָּנִיֵּ֛אל שָׂ֥ם בָּ֖ל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתֵ֑הּ וְעַד֙ מֶֽעָלֵ֣י שִׁמְשָׁ֔א הֲוָ֥א מִשְׁתַּדַּ֖ר לְהַצָּלוּתֵֽהּ׃ | Then when the king heard the words, it grieved him greatly. And concerning Daniel, he applied his mind to deliver him, and up to sunset he made efforts to save him. |
words ← word, discourse.
it grieved him ← it was bad on him. |
| Dan 6:16 Dan 6:15AV |
בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֔ךְ הַרְגִּ֖שׁוּ עַל־מַלְכָּ֑א וְאָמְרִ֣ין לְמַלְכָּ֗א דַּ֤ע מַלְכָּא֙ דִּֽי־דָת֙ לְמָדַ֣י וּפָרַ֔ס דִּֽי־כָל־אֱסָ֥ר וּקְיָ֛ם דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥א יְהָקֵ֖ים לָ֥א לְהַשְׁנָיָֽה׃ | Then these men assembled to the king and said to the king, “Be aware, O king, that the law of Media and Persia is such that no prohibition or statute which the king establishes is open to change.” |
be aware ← know.
no ← not every. |
| Dan 6:17 Dan 6:16AV |
בֵּאדַ֜יִן מַלְכָּ֣א אֲמַ֗ר וְהַיְתִיו֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל וּרְמ֕וֹ לְגֻבָּ֖א דִּ֣י אַרְיָוָתָ֑א עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֣ר לְדָנִיֵּ֔אל אֱלָהָ֗ךְ דִּ֣י *אנתה **אַ֤נְתְּ פָּֽלַֽח־לֵהּ֙ בִּתְדִירָ֔א ה֖וּא יְשֵׁיזְבִנָּֽךְ׃ | So the king gave commandment, and they brought Daniel and threw him into the lions' den. The king addressed him and said to Daniel, “Your God, whom you constantly worship, will save you.” |
you: see Dan 5:13.
lions': see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). addressed ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| Dan 6:18 Dan 6:17AV |
וְהֵיתָ֙יִת֙ אֶ֣בֶן חֲדָ֔ה וְשֻׂמַ֖ת עַל־פֻּ֣ם גֻּבָּ֑א וְחַתְמַ֨הּ מַלְכָּ֜א בְּעִזְקְתֵ֗הּ וּבְעִזְקָת֙ רַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי דִּ֛י לָא־תִשְׁנֵ֥א צְב֖וּ בְּדָנִיֵּֽאל׃ | And a stone was brought, and it was placed on the entrance to the den, and the king sealed it with his seal ring and with the seal ring of his high-ranking officials, so that the plot against Daniel should not change. |
a stone ← one stone.
entrance ← mouth. |
| Dan 6:19 Dan 6:18AV |
אֱ֠דַיִן אֲזַ֨ל מַלְכָּ֤א לְהֵֽיכְלֵהּ֙ וּבָ֣ת טְוָ֔ת וְדַחֲוָ֖ן לָא־הַנְעֵ֣ל קָֽדָמ֑וֹהִי וְשִׁנְתֵּ֖הּ נַדַּ֥ת עֲלֽוֹהִי׃ | Then the king went to his palace and spent the night fasting, and he did not have entertainment come before him, and his sleep evaded him. | |
| Dan 6:20 Dan 6:19AV |
בֵּאדַ֣יִן מַלְכָּ֔א בִּשְׁפַּרְפָּרָ֖א יְק֣וּם בְּנָגְהָ֑א וּבְהִ֨תְבְּהָלָ֔ה לְגֻבָּ֥א דִֽי־אַרְיָוָתָ֖א אֲזַֽל׃ | Then at dawn the king arose, at first light, and he went hastily to the lions' den. | lions': see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). |
| Dan 6:21 Dan 6:20AV |
וּכְמִקְרְבֵ֣הּ לְגֻבָּ֔א לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל בְּקָ֥ל עֲצִ֖יב זְעִ֑ק עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֣ר לְדָנִיֵּ֗אל דָּֽנִיֵּאל֙ עֲבֵד֙ אֱלָהָ֣א חַיָּ֔א אֱלָהָ֗ךְ דִּ֣י *אנתה **אַ֤נְתְּ פָּֽלַֽח־לֵהּ֙ בִּתְדִירָ֔א הַיְכִ֥ל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתָ֖ךְ מִן־אַרְיָוָתָֽא׃ | And as he approached the den, he called out in a sad voice to Daniel, and the king spoke and said to Daniel, “Daniel, servant of the living God, was your God, whom you worship continually, able to save you from the lions?” |
you: see Dan 3:10.
spoke ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. lions: see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). |
| Dan 6:22 Dan 6:21AV |
אֱדַ֙יִן֙ דָּנִיֶּ֔אל עִם־מַלְכָּ֖א מַלִּ֑ל מַלְכָּ֖א לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי׃ | Then Daniel said to the king, “O king, live age-abidingly. | said to ← spoke with. |
| Dan 6:23 Dan 6:22AV |
אֱלָהִ֞י שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאֲכֵ֗הּ וּֽסֲגַ֛ר פֻּ֥ם אַרְיָוָתָ֖א וְלָ֣א חַבְּל֑וּנִי כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י קָֽדָמ֙וֹהִי֙ זָכוּ֙ הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת לִ֔י וְאַ֤ף *קדמיך **קָֽדָמָךְ֙ מַלְכָּ֔א חֲבוּלָ֖ה לָ֥א עַבְדֵֽת׃ | My God has sent his angel and closed the lions' mouths, and they have not harmed me, because I was found to be innocent before him, and I haven't done anything injurious before you either, O king.” |
before you: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning.
lions': see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). I was found to be innocent ← innocence was found to me. |
| Dan 6:24 Dan 6:23AV |
בֵּאדַ֣יִן מַלְכָּ֗א שַׂגִּיא֙ טְאֵ֣ב עֲל֔וֹהִי וּלְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל אֲמַ֖ר לְהַנְסָקָ֣ה מִן־גֻּבָּ֑א וְהֻסַּ֨ק דָּנִיֵּ֜אל מִן־גֻּבָּ֗א וְכָל־חֲבָל֙ לָא־הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח בֵּ֔הּ דִּ֖י הֵימִ֥ן בֵּאלָהֵֽהּ׃ | At this the king was very pleased about him, and he gave commandment to bring Daniel up out of the den. So Daniel was brought up out of the den, and no harm was found on him, because he had put trust in his God. |
at this ← then, therefore.
was very pleased about him: [FR] and [BDB] differ, regarding the word עֲלוֹהִי as referencing the king, so reading it pleased him, with no reference to Daniel. no ← not every. |
| Dan 6:25 Dan 6:24AV |
וַאֲמַ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א וְהַיְתִ֞יו גֻּבְרַיָּ֤א אִלֵּךְ֙ דִּֽי־אֲכַ֤לוּ קַרְצ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י דָֽנִיֵּ֔אל וּלְגֹ֤ב אַרְיָוָתָא֙ רְמ֔וֹ אִנּ֖וּן בְּנֵיה֣וֹן וּנְשֵׁיה֑וֹן וְלָֽא־מְט֞וֹ לְאַרְעִ֣ית גֻּבָּ֗א עַ֠ד דִּֽי־שְׁלִ֤טֽוּ בְהוֹן֙ אַרְיָ֣וָתָ֔א וְכָל־גַּרְמֵיה֖וֹן הַדִּֽקוּ׃ | And the king gave commandment, and they brought those men who had slandered Daniel, and they threw them, their sons, and their wives into the lions' den. And they had not landed at the bottom of the den before the lions overpowered them, and they crushed all their bones. |
those ← these.
slandered: see Dan 3:8. lions' ... lions: see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). landed at ← come to. |
| Dan 6:26 Dan 6:25AV |
בֵּאדַ֜יִן דָּרְיָ֣וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֗א כְּ֠תַב לְֽכָל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א דִּֽי־*דארין **דָיְרִ֥ין בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא׃ | Then Darius the king wrote to all the peoples, nations and languages who lived in the whole earth, “May your peace increase. |
lived: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
1 Pet 1:2. languages: see Dan 3:4. earth: or land. |
| Dan 6:27 Dan 6:26AV |
מִן־קֳדָמַי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י ׀ בְּכָל־שָׁלְטָ֣ן מַלְכוּתִ֗י לֶהֱוֺ֤ן *זאעין **זָיְעִין֙ וְדָ֣חֲלִ֔ין מִן־קֳדָ֖ם אֱלָהֵ֣הּ דִּי־דָֽנִיֵּ֑אל דִּי־ה֣וּא ׀ אֱלָהָ֣א חַיָּ֗א וְקַיָּם֙ לְעָ֣לְמִ֔ין וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֖הּ עַד־סוֹפָֽא׃ |
A decree is hereby issued by me that in every administrative region of my kingdom, they tremble and fear before Daniel's God,
For he is the living God, Who endures throughout the ages, Whose kingdom will not be destroyed, And whose dominion is up to the end. |
tremble: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
by me ← from before me. |
| Dan 6:28 Dan 6:27AV |
מְשֵׁיזִ֣ב וּמַצִּ֗ל וְעָבֵד֙ אָתִ֣ין וְתִמְהִ֔ין בִּשְׁמַיָּ֖א וּבְאַרְעָ֑א דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב לְדָֽנִיֵּ֔אל מִן־יַ֖ד אַרְיָוָתָֽא׃ |
He saves and rescues And performs signs and wonders In heaven and on earth, For he saved Daniel From the reach of the lions.” |
reach ← hand.
lions: see Dan 6:8 (Dan 6:7AV). |
| Dan 6:29 Dan 6:28AV |
וְדָנִיֵּ֣אל דְּנָ֔ה הַצְלַ֖ח בְּמַלְכ֣וּת דָּרְיָ֑וֶשׁ וּבְמַלְכ֖וּת כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ *פרסיא **פָּרְסָאָֽה׃ פ | And this Daniel prospered in the kingdom of Darius and in the kingdom of Cyrus the Persian. | Persian: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Dan 7:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת חֲדָ֗ה לְבֵלְאשַׁצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל דָּנִיֵּאל֙ חֵ֣לֶם חֲזָ֔ה וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשֵׁ֖הּ עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבֵ֑הּ בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ חֶלְמָ֣א כְתַ֔ב רֵ֥אשׁ מִלִּ֖ין אֲמַֽר׃ | In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream, and there were visions in his head while on his bed. Then he wrote the dream down and set out the essentials of the subject matter. |
had a dream ← saw a dream.
set out ← said. the essentials ← the head. |
| Dan 7:2 | עָנֵ֤ה דָנִיֵּאל֙ וְאָמַ֔ר חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוִ֖י עִם־לֵֽילְיָ֑א וַאֲר֗וּ אַרְבַּע֙ רוּחֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א מְגִיחָ֖ן לְיַמָּ֥א רַבָּֽא׃ | Daniel elucidated and said, “I saw things in a vision of mine in the night. Now there were the four winds of heaven stirring the great sea, |
elucidated ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27.
there were ← behold. |
| Dan 7:3 | וְאַרְבַּ֤ע חֵיוָן֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן סָלְקָ֖ן מִן־יַמָּ֑א שָׁנְיָ֖ן דָּ֥א מִן־דָּֽא׃ | and four large animals arising out of the sea, differing one from another. | |
| Dan 7:4 | קַדְמָיְתָ֣א כְאַרְיֵ֔ה וְגַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑הּ חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֡ית עַד֩ דִּי־מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜יהּ וּנְטִ֣ילַת מִן־אַרְעָ֗א וְעַל־רַגְלַ֙יִן֙ כֶּאֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת וּלְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ׃ | The first one was like a lion, and it had an eagle's wings. I continued looking until its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth and was made to stand on legs as a man does, and the heart of a man was given to it. | continued looking ← was looking. |
| Dan 7:5 | וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָה֩ אָחֳרִ֨י תִנְיָנָ֜ה דָּמְיָ֣ה לְדֹ֗ב וְלִשְׂטַר־חַד֙ הֳקִמַ֔ת וּתְלָ֥ת עִלְעִ֛ין בְּפֻמַּ֖הּ בֵּ֣ין *שניה **שִׁנַּ֑הּ וְכֵן֙ אָמְרִ֣ין לַ֔הּ ק֥וּמִֽי אֲכֻ֖לִי בְּשַׂ֥ר שַׂגִּֽיא׃ | And there was another animal – a second one – like a bear, and it was made to stand up on one side, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. And this is what was said to it: ‘Arise, and devour much flesh.’ |
its teeth: the ketiv is dual (two rows of teeth); there doesn't seem to be a need for the qeré, singular (set of teeth).
there was ← behold. this is what ← thus. was said ← they said. |
| Dan 7:6 | בָּאתַ֨ר דְּנָ֜ה חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֗ית וַאֲר֤וּ אָֽחֳרִי֙ כִּנְמַ֔ר וְלַ֨הּ גַּפִּ֥ין אַרְבַּ֛ע דִּי־ע֖וֹף עַל־*גביה **גַּבַּ֑הּ וְאַרְבְּעָ֤ה רֵאשִׁין֙ לְחֵ֣יוְתָ֔א וְשָׁלְטָ֖ן יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ׃ | After this I continued to see, and there was another, like a leopard, and it had four bird's wings on its back, and the animal had four heads, and it was given rule. |
back: the ketiv is a plural word.
continued to see ← was seeing. there was ← behold. it was given rule ← rule was given to it. |
| Dan 7:7 | בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ חָזֵ֨ה הֲוֵ֜ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֗א וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָ֣ה *רביעיה **רְֽבִיעָאָ֡ה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א *ברגליה **בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ׃ | After this I continued to see a vision in the visions of the night, and there was a fourth animal, frightful and terrifying, and exceedingly strong. And its many teeth were of iron, and it devoured and crushed, and it trampled on the rest with its {K: feet} [Q: foot]. Moreover it was different from all the animals which were before it, and it had ten horns. |
fourth: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
there was ← behold. moreover: wider use of the vav. |
| Dan 7:8 | מִשְׂתַּכַּ֨ל הֲוֵ֜ית בְּקַרְנַיָּ֗א וַ֠אֲלוּ קֶ֣רֶן אָחֳרִ֤י זְעֵירָה֙ סִלְקָ֣ת *ביניהון **בֵּֽינֵיהֵ֔ן וּתְלָ֗ת מִן־קַרְנַיָּא֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔א *אתעקרו **אֶתְעֲקַ֖רָה מִן־*קדמיה **קֳדָמַ֑הּ וַאֲל֨וּ עַיְנִ֜ין כְּעַיְנֵ֤י אֲנָשָׁא֙ בְּקַרְנָא־דָ֔א וּפֻ֖ם מְמַלִּ֥ל רַבְרְבָֽן׃ | I looked at its horns, and I saw another small horn arise among them. And three of the first horns were uprooted before it. And what I saw was eyes in this horn like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking presumptuous words. |
among them ... were uprooted: the ketiv is masculine, the qeré feminine.
before it: the ketiv and qeré are different forms of the same word. For our reading, see [FR] §84. See also Dan 7:20. saw ... what I saw was ← behold ... behold. presumptuous: the Aramaic word combines the concepts of great and arrogant. |
| Dan 7:9 | חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֗ית עַ֣ד דִּ֤י כָרְסָוָן֙ רְמִ֔יו וְעַתִּ֥יק יוֹמִ֖ין יְתִ֑ב לְבוּשֵׁ֣הּ ׀ כִּתְלַ֣ג חִוָּ֗ר וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ כַּעֲמַ֣ר נְקֵ֔א כָּרְסְיֵהּ֙ שְׁבִיבִ֣ין דִּי־נ֔וּר גַּלְגִּלּ֖וֹהִי נ֥וּר דָּלִֽק׃ |
I continued seeing, And then the thrones were set up, And the Ancient of Days sat down. His clothing was like white snow, And the hair on his head was like pure wool. His throne was flames of fire, And its wheels were burning fire. |
continued seeing ← was seeing.
and then ← until, but actually until and beyond. |
| Dan 7:10 | נְהַ֣ר דִּי־נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי אֶ֤לֶף *אלפים **אַלְפִין֙ יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ֔הּ וְרִבּ֥וֹ *רבון **רִבְבָ֖ן קָֽדָמ֣וֹהִי יְקוּמ֑וּן דִּינָ֥א יְתִ֖ב וְסִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ׃ |
A river of fire flowed and issued from him; A million served him, And a hundred million arose in his presence. The court sat, and the books were opened. |
million ← thousand thousands, the thousands in the ketiv being Hebrew rather than Aramaic.
hundred million ← ten thousand ten thousands. The ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Rev 5:11. from him ← from his presence. served: or will serve. arose ← will arise. |
| Dan 7:11 | חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֔ית בֵּאדַ֗יִן מִן־קָל֙ מִלַּיָּ֣א רַבְרְבָתָ֔א דִּ֥י קַרְנָ֖א מְמַלֱּלָ֑ה חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֡ית עַד֩ דִּ֨י קְטִילַ֤ת חֵֽיוְתָא֙ וְהוּבַ֣ד גִּשְׁמַ֔הּ וִיהִיבַ֖ת לִיקֵדַ֥ת אֶשָּֽׁא׃ | I continued seeing, and then from a voice there came presumptuous words which the horn spoke. I continued seeing and then the animal was killed, and its body was destroyed and consigned to the burning of a fire. |
Rev 19:20, Rev 20:10, Rev 20:14, Rev 20:15 (allusions).
continued seeing (2x) ← was seeing. presumptuous: see Dan 7:8. and then: see Dan 7:9. a fire ← the fire. |
| Dan 7:12 | וּשְׁאָר֙ חֵֽיוָתָ֔א הֶעְדִּ֖יו שָׁלְטָנְה֑וֹן וְאַרְכָ֧ה בְחַיִּ֛ין יְהִ֥יבַת לְה֖וֹן עַד־זְמַ֥ן וְעִדָּֽן׃ | And as for the remaining animals, their rule was taken away, but a prolongation of their life was granted to them for a time and a season. | their rule was taken away ← they took their rule away. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 7:13 | חָזֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֔א וַאֲרוּ֙ עִם־עֲנָנֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ אָתֵ֣ה הֲוָ֑ה וְעַד־עַתִּ֤יק יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ מְטָ֔ה וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי הַקְרְבֽוּהִי׃ |
And I continued seeing in the visions of the night, And what I saw was, With clouds of the sky, One like a son of man coming, And he went up to the Ancient of Days, And he was brought near him. |
Matt 24:30, Matt 26:64, Mark 13:26, Heb 10:37, Rev 1:7, Rev 1:13, Rev 14:14.
continued seeing ← was seeing. what I saw was ← behold. he was brought ← they brought him. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Dan 7:14 | וְלֵ֨הּ יְהִ֤יב שָׁלְטָן֙ וִיקָ֣ר וּמַלְכ֔וּ וְכֹ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּ֛א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֖א לֵ֣הּ יִפְלְח֑וּן שָׁלְטָנֵ֞הּ שָׁלְטָ֤ן עָלַם֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א יֶעְדֵּ֔ה וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ דִּי־לָ֥א תִתְחַבַּֽל׃ פ |
And to him rule was given, And honour, and a kingdom, And all peoples and nations and languages worshipped him. His rule was an age-abiding rule Which would never pass away, And his kingdom was one Which will not be destroyed. |
languages: see Dan 3:4.
worshipped: or will worship. Compare Dan 7:10. his rule was: i.e. in the vision, or, prophetically, his rule (will be). |
| Dan 7:15 | אֶתְכְּרִיַּ֥ת רוּחִ֛י אֲנָ֥ה דָנִיֵּ֖אל בְּג֣וֹא נִדְנֶ֑ה וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽנִי׃ | My spirit was grieved – that of me, Daniel, in my being – and the visions in my head disturbed me. |
in (first occurrence in verse) ← in the inside of.
being ← sheath. An English idiom is (mortal) coil. |
| Dan 7:16 | קִרְבֵ֗ת עַל־חַד֙ מִן־קָ֣אֲמַיָּ֔א וְיַצִּיבָ֥א אֶבְעֵֽא־מִנֵּ֖הּ עַֽל־כָּל־דְּנָ֑ה וַאֲמַר־לִ֕י וּפְשַׁ֥ר מִלַּיָּ֖א יְהוֹדְעִנַּֽנִי׃ | I approached one of those standing, and I inquired of him the reality of all this, and he told me, and he made the interpretation of the words known to me. |
inquired ← searched.
reality ← steadfastness. he made ... known: nominal future tense; evidence that the Aramaic verb system is not tense but aspect or perspective based. |
| Dan 7:17 | אִלֵּין֙ חֵיוָתָ֣א רַבְרְבָתָ֔א דִּ֥י אִנִּ֖ין אַרְבַּ֑ע אַרְבְּעָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן־אַרְעָֽא׃ | These large animals, of which there were four, represent four kings who will arise from the earth. | |
| Dan 7:18 | וִֽיקַבְּלוּן֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔א קַדִּישֵׁ֖י עֶלְיוֹנִ֑ין וְיַחְסְנ֤וּן מַלְכוּתָא֙ עַֽד־עָ֣לְמָ֔א וְעַ֖ד עָלַ֥ם עָלְמַיָּֽא׃ | But the holy ones of the Most High will receive the kingdom, and they will possess the kingdom age-abidingly, and throughout the durations of the ages. | Most High: not the usual Aramaic expression, but it is used in some of the other occurrences in this chapter. |
| Dan 7:19 | אֱדַ֗יִן צְבִית֙ לְיַצָּבָ֔א עַל־חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א דִּֽי־הֲוָ֥ת שָֽׁנְיָ֖ה מִן־*כלהון **כָּלְּהֵ֑ין דְּחִילָ֣ה יַתִּ֗ירָה *שניה **שִׁנַּ֤הּ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶל֙ וְטִפְרַ֣יהּ דִּֽי־נְחָ֔שׁ אָֽכְלָ֣ה מַדֲּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֥יהּ רָֽפְסָֽה׃ | Then I wished to know precisely about the fourth animal, which was different from all the others, being exceedingly frightful. Its teeth were of iron, and its claws were of copper. It devoured and crushed, and it trampled on the rest with its feet. |
all the others ← all of them. The ketiv is masculine; the qeré feminine, agreeing with animals.
teeth: a textual issue as in Dan 7:5. Rev 12:3, Rev 13:1, Rev 17:3, Rev 17:7. |
| Dan 7:20 | וְעַל־קַרְנַיָּ֤א עֲשַׂר֙ דִּ֣י בְרֵאשַׁ֔הּ וְאָחֳרִי֙ דִּ֣י סִלְקַ֔ת *ונפלו **וּנְפַ֥לָה מִן־*קדמיה **קֳדָמַ֖הּ תְּלָ֑ת וְקַרְנָ֨א דִכֵּ֜ן וְעַיְנִ֣ין לַ֗הּ וְפֻם֙ מְמַלִּ֣ל רַבְרְבָ֔ן וְחֶזְוַ֖הּ רַ֥ב מִן־חַבְרָתַֽהּ׃ | And concerning the ten horns on its head, and the other one which arose, and before which the three fell, now that horn had eyes and a mouth speaking presumptuous words, and its appearance was more imposing than that of those accompanying it. |
before: the ketiv and qeré are different declined forms of the same word, with the same meaning. See Dan 7:8.
fell: the ketiv is masculine; the qeré feminine, agreeing with horns. Rev 12:3, Rev 13:1, Rev 17:3, Rev 17:7, Rev 17:12, Rev 17:16. presumptuous: see Dan 7:8. those accompanying it ← its companions. |
| Dan 7:21 | חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֔ית וְקַרְנָ֣א דִכֵּ֔ן עָבְדָ֥ה קְרָ֖ב עִם־קַדִּישִׁ֑ין וְיָכְלָ֖ה לְהֽוֹן׃ | I continued seeing, and that horn waged a war on the holy ones, and it prevailed over them, |
Rev 11:7, Rev 13:7.
continued seeing ← was seeing. |
| Dan 7:22 | עַ֣ד דִּֽי־אֲתָ֗ה עַתִּיק֙ יֽוֹמַיָּ֔א וְדִינָ֣א יְהִ֔ב לְקַדִּישֵׁ֖י עֶלְיוֹנִ֑ין וְזִמְנָ֣א מְטָ֔ה וּמַלְכוּתָ֖א הֶחֱסִ֥נוּ קַדִּישִֽׁין׃ | until the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given to the holy ones of the Most High, and the time arrived when the holy ones took possession of the kingdom. | when ← and. |
| Dan 7:23 | כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ *רביעיא **רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃ | He said this: ‘The fourth animal will be the fourth kingdom on the earth, which will be different from all the other kingdoms, and it will devour the whole earth and pound it and crush it. |
fourth (second occurrence in verse): the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré.
this ← thus. pound ← thresh. Not the same word as trample in Dan 7:19. |
| Dan 7:24 | וְקַרְנַיָּ֣א עֲשַׂ֔ר מִנַּהּ֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ה עַשְׂרָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְקֻמ֑וּן וְאָחֳרָ֞ן יְק֣וּם אַחֲרֵיה֗וֹן וְה֤וּא יִשְׁנֵא֙ מִן־קַדְמָיֵ֔א וּתְלָתָ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין יְהַשְׁפִּֽל׃ | And the ten horns which constitute the kingdom represent ten kings who will arise, and another will arise after them, and he will be different from the preceding ones, and he will bring three kings down. | which constitute ← (are) of it. |
| Dan 7:25 | וּמִלִּ֗ין לְצַ֤ד *עליא **עִלָּאָה֙ יְמַלִּ֔ל וּלְקַדִּישֵׁ֥י עֶלְיוֹנִ֖ין יְבַלֵּ֑א וְיִסְבַּ֗ר לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ זִמְנִ֣ין וְדָ֔ת וְיִתְיַהֲב֣וּן בִּידֵ֔הּ עַד־עִדָּ֥ן וְעִדָּנִ֖ין וּפְלַ֥ג עִדָּֽן׃ | And he will speak words against the Most High, and he will wear out the holy ones of the Most High, and he will contrive to change times and the law. And they will be delivered into his hand until a time, times, and half a time have passed. |
Most High: see Dan 3:26.
Rev 11:2, Rev 11:3, Rev 12:6, Rev 12:14, Rev 13:5. “A time, times, and half a time” stands for 3½ years, which is 42 months or 1260 days. Compare Dan 8:14, Dan 12:7, Dan 12:11, Dan 12:12. against ← to the side of. Alternatively, (making accusations) to. wear out: as [FR], [BDB]. [AnLx] has destroy. |
| Dan 7:26 | וְדִינָ֖א יִתִּ֑ב וְשָׁלְטָנֵ֣הּ יְהַעְדּ֔וֹן לְהַשְׁמָדָ֥ה וּלְהוֹבָדָ֖ה עַד־סוֹפָֽא׃ | And the court will sit, and his rule will be removed, by destroying and eliminating it until its end. |
his rule will be removed ← they will remove his rule. Avoidance of the passive.
by destroying and eliminating: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Dan 7:27 | וּמַלְכוּתָ֨ה וְשָׁלְטָנָ֜א וּרְבוּתָ֗א דִּ֚י מַלְכְוָת֙ תְּח֣וֹת כָּל־שְׁמַיָּ֔א יְהִיבַ֕ת לְעַ֖ם קַדִּישֵׁ֣י עֶלְיוֹנִ֑ין מַלְכוּתֵהּ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת עָלַ֔ם וְכֹל֙ שָׁלְטָ֣נַיָּ֔א לֵ֥הּ יִפְלְח֖וּן וְיִֽשְׁתַּמְּעֽוּן׃ | And the kingdom and the rule and the greatness of the kingdoms under all heaven will be given to the people – the holy ones of the Most High. His kingdom is an age-abiding kingdom, and all administrative regions will worship him and obey him.’ |
kingdoms: AV differs (kingdom).
will be given ← was given. Prophetic usage, or a description looking back at the vision (Dan 7:21). |
| Dan 7:28 | עַד־כָּ֖ה סוֹפָ֣א דִֽי־מִלְּתָ֑א אֲנָ֨ה דָֽנִיֵּ֜אל שַׂגִּ֣יא ׀ רַעְיוֹנַ֣י יְבַהֲלֻנַּ֗נִי וְזִיוַי֙ יִשְׁתַּנּ֣וֹן עֲלַ֔י וּמִלְּתָ֖א בְּלִבִּ֥י נִטְרֵֽת׃ פ | That is it up to the end of the matter. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts disturbed me very much, and my radiance changed. But I kept the matter in my heart.” |
that is it up to ← up to here.
changed ← changed on me. Compare Dan 5:9. |
| Dan 8:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁל֔וֹשׁ לְמַלְכ֖וּת בֵּלְאשַׁצַּ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ חָז֞וֹן נִרְאָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ אֲנִ֣י דָנִיֵּ֔אל אַחֲרֵ֛י הַנִּרְאָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י בַּתְּחִלָּֽה׃ | In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar the king, a vision appeared to me – to me Daniel – after what had appeared to me at first, | The text reverts to Hebrew at this verse. |
| Dan 8:2 | וָֽאֶרְאֶה֮ בֶּחָזוֹן֒ וַיְהִי֙ בִּרְאֹתִ֔י וַאֲנִי֙ בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵילָ֣ם הַמְּדִינָ֑ה וָאֶרְאֶה֙ בֶּֽחָז֔וֹן וַאֲנִ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי עַל־אוּבַ֥ל אוּלָֽי׃ | and I saw in the vision, and it came to pass as I saw that I was at the citadel of Shushan, which is in the province of Elam. Then I saw in the vision that I was at the Ulai Canal. | that I was ← and I was. Wider use of the vav. |
| Dan 8:3 | וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ | And I lifted up my eyes and looked, and there was a ram standing before the canal, and it had two horns, and the two horns were high, but one was higher than the other, and the higher one arose later. |
there was ← behold.
a ram ← one ram. two (2x): from the dual ending. other ← second. |
| Dan 8:4 | רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפ֜וֹנָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיּוֹת֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃ | I saw the ram butting westwards and northwards and southwards, and no animal could stand against it, and there was no-one who delivered anyone from its grip, and it did as it wished, and it became great. |
no ← not every.
against ← before. grip ← hand. as it wished ← as its will. |
| Dan 8:5 | וַאֲנִ֣י ׀ הָיִ֣יתִי מֵבִ֗ין וְהִנֵּ֤ה צְפִיר־הָֽעִזִּים֙ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּעֲרָב֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין נוֹגֵ֖עַ בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהַ֨צָּפִ֔יר קֶ֥רֶן חָז֖וּת בֵּ֥ין עֵינָֽיו׃ | And as I was contemplating this, what I saw was a goat buck come from the west over the expanse of the whole land, not touching the ground, and the goat buck had a conspicuous horn between its eyes. |
what I saw was ← behold.
expanse ← face, surface. land: or earth. touching: or striking. ground: or earth, or land. |
| Dan 8:6 | וַיָּבֹ֗א עַד־הָאַ֙יִל֙ בַּ֣עַל הַקְּרָנַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתִי עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָאֻבָ֑ל וַיָּ֥רָץ אֵלָ֖יו בַּחֲמַ֥ת כֹּחֽוֹ׃ | And it came to the ram which had the two horns, which I saw standing at the canal, and it ran to it in its intense fury. |
two: see Dan 8:3.
at the canal ← before the canal. its intense fury ← in the fury of its power, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 8:7 | וּרְאִיתִ֞יו מַגִּ֣יעַ ׀ אֵ֣צֶל הָאַ֗יִל וַיִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל וַיְשַׁבֵּר֙ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י קְרָנָ֔יו וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה כֹ֛חַ בָּאַ֖יִל לַעֲמֹ֣ד לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֤הוּ אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַֽיִּרְמְסֵ֔הוּ וְלֹא־הָיָ֥ה מַצִּ֛יל לָאַ֖יִל מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ | And I saw it come up to the ram, and it acted ferociously against it, and it struck the ram and shattered its two horns, and there was no strength in the ram to stand against it. And it cast the ram down onto the ground and trampled on it, and there was no-one who delivered the ram from its grip. |
the ram ← it.
grip ← hand. |
| Dan 8:8 | וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And the goat buck became very great, but just as it was displaying strength, the large horn broke, and four others arose conspicuously in its place, facing the four winds of heaven. |
it was displaying strength ← as its being strong, a subjective genitive of the infinitive construct, or possibly from the noun עֹצֶם, strength.
winds of heaven: i.e. quarters of the compass. |
| Dan 8:9 | וּמִן־הָאַחַ֣ת מֵהֶ֔ם יָצָ֥א קֶֽרֶן־אַחַ֖ת מִצְּעִירָ֑ה וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי׃ | And from one of them a very small horn came out, but it became exceedingly great southwards and eastwards and towards the Splendid Land. |
a ... horn ← one horn.
Splendid Land ← splendour; gazelle. In Dan 11:16 and Dan 11:41 the word land is explicit. |
| Dan 8:10 | וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃ | And it became great – as great as the host of the sky – and it brought some of the host and some of the stars down to the ground and trampled on them. |
as great as ← up to.
sky: or heaven. them: i.e. the people symbolized by them, as [CB]. |
| Dan 8:11 | וְעַ֥ד שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הִגְדִּ֑יל וּמִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ *הרים **הוּרַ֣ם הַתָּמִ֔יד וְהֻשְׁלַ֖ךְ מְכ֥וֹן מִקְדָּשֽׁוֹ׃ | And it magnified itself to the heights of the prince of the host, and {Q: the perpetual sacrifice was removed} [K: it removed the perpetual sacrifice] from him, and the place of his sanctuary was overthrown, |
to the heights of ← up to.
host: perhaps priestly host here, and probably so in verse 13, but the celestial host in verse 10. [CB] refers the prince of the host to God. |
| Dan 8:12 | וְצָבָ֛א תִּנָּתֵ֥ן עַל־הַתָּמִ֖יד בְּפָ֑שַׁע וְתַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֱמֶת֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְעָשְׂתָ֖ה וְהִצְלִֽיחָה׃ | so that the host would be delivered up at the place of the perpetual sacrifice in transgression, and truth could be cast to the ground. And it did this and prospered. | |
| Dan 8:13 | וָאֶשְׁמְעָ֥ה אֶֽחָד־קָד֖וֹשׁ מְדַבֵּ֑ר וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֶחָ֨ד קָד֜וֹשׁ לַפַּֽלְמוֹנִ֣י הַֽמְדַבֵּ֗ר עַד־מָתַ֞י הֶחָז֤וֹן הַתָּמִיד֙ וְהַפֶּ֣שַׁע שֹׁמֵ֔ם תֵּ֛ת וְקֹ֥דֶשׁ וְצָבָ֖א מִרְמָֽס׃ | And I heard a holy one speak, and a holy one said to the particular one speaking, “How long is the vision of the perpetual sacrifice and the devastating transgression – the delivering up of both the holy place and the host to being trampled on?” |
a holy one (2x) ← one holy (one).
particular one ← such a one; an anonymous person. how long ← up to when. vision of the perpetual sacrifice ← perpetual vision. |
| Dan 8:14 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֔י עַ֚ד עֶ֣רֶב בֹּ֔קֶר אַלְפַּ֖יִם וּשְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וְנִצְדַּ֖ק קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And he said to me, “Until two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings. Then the sanctuary will be purified.” |
evenings and mornings ← evening, morning, i.e. full days.
purified: or justified. |
| Dan 8:15 | וַיְהִ֗י בִּרְאֹתִ֛י אֲנִ֥י דָנִיֵּ֖אל אֶת־הֶחָז֑וֹן וָאֲבַקְשָׁ֣ה בִינָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד לְנֶגְדִּ֖י כְּמַרְאֵה־גָֽבֶר׃ | And it came to pass as I, Daniel, saw the vision, that I sought understanding. And what I saw was that there stood before me an apparition of a man. |
what I saw was that ← behold.
an apparition of a man ← as the appearance of a man. |
| Dan 8:16 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹל־אָדָ֖ם בֵּ֣ין אוּלָ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר גַּבְרִיאֵ֕ל הָבֵ֥ן לְהַלָּ֖ז אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶֽה׃ | And I heard the voice of a man in the middle of the Ulai, and he called out and said, “Gabriel, explain the vision to this man.” | |
| Dan 8:17 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֵ֣צֶל עָמְדִ֔י וּבְבֹא֣וֹ נִבְעַ֔תִּי וָאֶפְּלָ֖ה עַל־פָּנָ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלַי֙ הָבֵ֣ן בֶּן־אָדָ֔ם כִּ֖י לְעֶת־קֵ֥ץ הֶחָזֽוֹן׃ | And he came to my station, and as he came, I was terrified and I fell face down. But he said to me, “Understand, son of Adam, that the vision is for the end time.” |
station ← standing place.
face down ← on my face. |
| Dan 8:18 | וּבְדַבְּר֣וֹ עִמִּ֔י נִרְדַּ֥מְתִּי עַל־פָּנַ֖י אָ֑רְצָה וַיִּ֨גַּע־בִּ֔י וַיַּֽעֲמִידֵ֖נִי עַל־עָמְדִֽי׃ | And as he spoke to me, I slumped down to the ground face down, and he touched me, and he stood me up at my station. |
face down ← on my face.
station: see Dan 8:17. |
| Dan 8:19 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִנְנִ֣י מוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֔ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַזָּ֑עַם כִּ֖י לְמוֹעֵ֥ד קֵֽץ׃ | And he said, “I am here making known to you what will take place at the end of the indignation, for it is for the end time period. |
I am here ← behold me.
take place ← come; become. indignation: on God's part, or insolence, on the small horn's part. |
| Dan 8:20 | הָאַ֥יִל אֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֖יתָ בַּ֣עַל הַקְּרָנָ֑יִם מַלְכֵ֖י מָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס׃ | The ram which you saw, having two horns, represents the kings of Media and Persia. | |
| Dan 8:21 | וְהַצָּפִ֥יר הַשָּׂעִ֖יר מֶ֣לֶךְ יָוָ֑ן וְהַקֶּ֤רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֵּין־עֵינָ֔יו ה֖וּא הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | And the hairy goat represents the king of Greece, and the large horn which is between its eyes is the first king. | Greece: or Javan. |
| Dan 8:22 | וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ אַרְבַּ֧ע מַלְכֻי֛וֹת מִגּ֥וֹי יַעֲמֹ֖דְנָה וְלֹ֥א בְכֹחֽוֹ׃ | And as for the horn which was broken, and the four which stood in its place, these are four kingdoms out of a people which will stand up, but not in its own strength. | |
| Dan 8:23 | וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים יַעֲמֹ֛ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עַז־פָּנִ֖ים וּמֵבִ֥ין חִידֽוֹת׃ | And at the end of their kingdom, when transgressors reach their conclusion, a king of fierce appearance, and shrewd in dealing with problems, will stand up. |
kingdom: or reign.
reach their conclusion ← complete. shrewd in dealing with problems ← understanding riddles. |
| Dan 8:24 | וְעָצַ֤ם כֹּחוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א בְכֹח֔וֹ וְנִפְלָא֥וֹת יַשְׁחִ֖ית וְהִצְלִ֣יחַ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וְהִשְׁחִ֥ית עֲצוּמִ֖ים וְעַם־קְדֹשִֽׁים׃ | And his power will be mighty, but it will not be in his own power, and he will spoil in an astounding way, and he will prosper and be active, and he will spoil mighty people including the holy people. |
including ← and. Wider use of the vav.
the holy people ← the people of the holy (ones). |
| Dan 8:25 | וְעַל־שִׂכְל֗וֹ וְהִצְלִ֤יחַ מִרְמָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וּבִלְבָב֣וֹ יַגְדִּ֔יל וּבְשַׁלְוָ֖ה יַשְׁחִ֣ית רַבִּ֑ים וְעַ֤ל־שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וּבְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד יִשָּׁבֵֽר׃ | And through his expertise he will prosper, with deceit under his control, and in his heart he will magnify himself, and in calmness he will spoil many, and he will take a stand against the prince of princes. Then without human power he will be broken. |
under his control ← in his hand.
take a stand ← stand. the prince of princes: i.e. the Messiah [CB]. human power ← a hand. Compare Dan 2:34, Col 2:11. |
| Dan 8:26 | וּמַרְאֵ֨ה הָעֶ֧רֶב וְהַבֹּ֛קֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶאֱמַ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת ה֑וּא וְאַתָּה֙ סְתֹ֣ם הֶֽחָז֔וֹן כִּ֖י לְיָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | Now the vision of the evening and the morning which was declared is true, but you close the vision, for it is for many days from now.” |
Rev 10:4, Rev 22:10.
from now: or, less probably, in duration. |
| Dan 8:27 | וַאֲנִ֣י דָנִיֵּ֗אל נִהְיֵ֤יתִי וְנֶֽחֱלֵ֙יתִי֙ יָמִ֔ים וָאָק֕וּם וָאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וָאֶשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם עַל־הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין מֵבִֽין׃ פ | And I, Daniel, became ill for a number of days. Then I arose and did the king's work, but I was astounded at the vision, and there was no-one who understood it. | became ill ← became and was ill. |
| Dan 9:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְדָרְיָ֛וֶשׁ בֶּן־אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ מִזֶּ֣רַע מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָמְלַ֔ךְ עַ֖ל מַלְכ֥וּת כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ | In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of Median seed, who had been made king over the kingdom of the Chaldeans, | |
| Dan 9:2 | בִּשְׁנַ֤ת אַחַת֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ אֲנִי֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל בִּינֹ֖תִי בַּסְּפָרִ֑ים מִסְפַּ֣ר הַשָּׁנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יִרְמִיָ֣ה הַנָּבִ֔יא לְמַלֹּ֛אות לְחָרְב֥וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel – because the word of the Lord had come to Jeremiah the prophet – came to understand through books the number of years to fulfil the desolations of Jerusalem: seventy years. |
had come ← had become.
See Jer 25:11-12. |
| Dan 9:3 | וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה אֶת־פָּנַ֗י אֶל־אֲדֹנָי֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ תְּפִלָּ֖ה וְתַחֲנוּנִ֑ים בְּצ֖וֹם וְשַׂ֥ק וָאֵֽפֶר׃ | And I turned my attention to the Lord* God, in seeking intercession and making supplications, with fasting and sackcloth and ashes. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
turned my attention ← gave my face. in seeking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Dan 9:4 | וָֽאֶתְפַּֽלְלָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י וָאֶתְוַדֶּ֑ה וָאֹֽמְרָ֗ה אָנָּ֤א אֲדֹנָי֙ הָאֵ֤ל הַגָּדוֹל֙ וְהַנּוֹרָ֔א שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֖יו וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽיו׃ | And I prayed to the Lord my God, and I confessed and said, “Please, Lord*, O great and awesome God, who keeps the covenant, and shows kindness to those who love him and keep his commandments, |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
him: the Hebrew addresses God in the third person, which we retain in translation, whence also who keeps. |
| Dan 9:5 | חָטָ֥אנוּ וְעָוִ֖ינוּ *והרשענו **הִרְשַׁ֣עְנוּ וּמָרָ֑דְנוּ וְס֥וֹר מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖ךָ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃ | we have sinned and been iniquitous, {Q: we have} [K: and we have] acted wickedly and rebelled, and we have departed from your commandments and your regulations, |
we have departed: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
regulations: or judgments. |
| Dan 9:6 | וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבְּרוּ֙ בְּשִׁמְךָ֔ אֶל־מְלָכֵ֥ינוּ שָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | and we did not heed your servants the prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our high-ranking officials, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. | |
| Dan 9:7 | לְךָ֤ אֲדֹנָי֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה וְלָ֛נוּ בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ וּלְיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּֽלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל הַקְּרֹבִ֣ים וְהָרְחֹקִ֗ים בְּכָל־הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִדַּחְתָּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בָֽךְ׃ | Yours, O Lord*, is justice, and ours is shamefacedness on this day – on the men of Judah and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and on all Israel, those near and those far away in all the lands to which you have driven them out – because of their perverseness with which they have acted perversely with you. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
on this day ← as this day, but see כְּ in [AnLx]. men of Judah ← man of Judah. |
| Dan 9:8 | יְהוָ֗ה לָ֚נוּ בֹּ֣שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֔ים לִמְלָכֵ֥ינוּ לְשָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וְלַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖אנוּ לָֽךְ׃ | O Lord, ours is shame to our faces, to our kings, to our high-ranking officials and to our fathers, because we have sinned against you. | |
| Dan 9:9 | לַֽאדֹנָ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ הָרַחֲמִ֖ים וְהַסְּלִח֑וֹת כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְנוּ בּֽוֹ׃ | Mercy and forgiveness are of the Lord* our God, yet we have rebelled against him. | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Dan 9:10 | וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לָלֶ֤כֶת בְּתֽוֹרֹתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣ן לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ | And we have not obeyed the Lord our God telling us to walk in his laws which he has set before us, through the intermediacy of his servants the prophets. |
obeyed ← heard the voice of.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Dan 9:11 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־תּ֣וֹרָתֶ֔ךָ וְס֕וֹר לְבִלְתִּ֖י שְׁמ֣וֹעַ בְּקֹלֶ֑ךָ וַתִּתַּ֨ךְ עָלֵ֜ינוּ הָאָלָ֣ה וְהַשְּׁבֻעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר כְּתוּבָה֙ בְּתוֹרַת֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לֽוֹ׃ | And all Israel has transgressed your law and turned aside in not obeying you, and the curse has been poured out on us, and the oath, which are written in the law of Moses, the servant of God, for we have sinned against him. |
turned aside: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
in not obeying ← not to hear the voice of. Gerundial use of the infinitive. are written ← (is) written. Attraction of verb to nearest subject. him: i.e. God. |
| Dan 9:12 | וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־*דבריו **דְּבָר֣וֹ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלֵ֗ינוּ וְעַ֤ל שֹֽׁפְטֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁפָט֔וּנוּ לְהָבִ֥יא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And he has fulfilled his {K: words} [Q: word] which he spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, by bringing a great calamity on us, which has not been done under all of heaven as it has been done in Jerusalem. |
fulfilled ← established.
by bringing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Dan 9:13 | כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּתוּב֙ בְּתוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בָּ֣אָה עָלֵ֑ינוּ וְלֹֽא־חִלִּ֜ינוּ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ לָשׁוּב֙ מֵֽעֲוֺנֵ֔נוּ וּלְהַשְׂכִּ֖יל בַּאֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃ | As it is written in the law of Moses, all this calamity has come upon us, and we have not pleaded with the Lord our God, by turning away from our iniquities and acting prudently in your truth. |
pleaded with ← appeased the face of.
by turning away ... acting prudently: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Dan 9:14 | וַיִּשְׁקֹ֤ד יְהוָה֙ עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וַיְבִיאֶ֖הָ עָלֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־צַדִּ֞יק יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עַל־כָּל־מַֽעֲשָׂיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord watched over the calamity and brought it on us, for the Lord our God is righteous in all his dealings which he does, but we did not obey him. | obey him ← hear his voice. |
| Dan 9:15 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ אֲשֶׁר֩ הוֹצֵ֨אתָ אֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֜ מֵאֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה וַתַּֽעַשׂ־לְךָ֥ שֵׁ֖ם כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה חָטָ֖אנוּ רָשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ | And now, O Lord* our God, who brought your people out of the land of Egypt with a strong hand and acquired fame for yourself as on this day, with us having sinned and acted wickedly, | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Dan 9:16 | אֲדֹנָ֗י כְּכָל־צִדְקֹתֶ֙ךָ֙ יָֽשָׁב־נָ֤א אַפְּךָ֙ וַחֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ מֵעִֽירְךָ֥ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם הַר־קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ כִּ֤י בַחֲטָאֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּבַעֲוֺנ֣וֹת אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֧ם וְעַמְּךָ֛ לְחֶרְפָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ | O Lord*, according to all your righteousness, do let your anger and your fury turn away from your city, Jerusalem, your holy mountain, for it is because of our sins and because of the iniquities of our fathers that Jerusalem and your people are a reproach to all those around us. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
righteousness ← righteousnesses as pointed by MT, but the consonantal text could read righteousness. holy mountain ← mountain of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 9:17 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ שְׁמַ֣ע אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֤ת עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְאֶל־תַּ֣חֲנוּנָ֔יו וְהָאֵ֣ר פָּנֶ֔יךָ עַל־מִקְדָּשְׁךָ֖ הַשָּׁמֵ֑ם לְמַ֖עַן אֲדֹנָֽי׃ | So now, hear, O God of ours, the prayer of your servant and his supplications, and be propitious to your sanctuary, which is desolate, for the sake of the Lord*. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
be propitious to ← shine your face on. |
| Dan 9:18 | הַטֵּ֨ה אֱלֹהַ֥י ׀ אָזְנְךָ֮ וּֽשֲׁמָע֒ *פקחה **פְּקַ֣ח עֵינֶ֗יךָ וּרְאֵה֙ שֹֽׁמְמֹתֵ֔ינוּ וְהָעִ֕יר אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּ֣י ׀ לֹ֣א עַל־צִדְקֹתֵ֗ינוּ אֲנַ֨חְנוּ מַפִּילִ֤ים תַּחֲנוּנֵ֙ינוּ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כִּ֖י עַל־רַחֲמֶ֥יךָ הָרַבִּֽים׃ | O God of mine, incline your ear and hear, open your eyes and see our desolate conditions and the city over which your name is called, for it is not on account of our righteousness that we lay our supplications before you, but on account of your many mercies. |
open: the ketiv is a less abrupt form of the qeré.
righteousness: see Dan 9:16. |
| Dan 9:19 | אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ שְׁמָ֙עָה֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י ׀ סְלָ֔חָה אֲדֹנָ֛י הַֽקֲשִׁ֥יבָה וַעֲשֵׂ֖ה אַל־תְּאַחַ֑ר לְמַֽעֲנְךָ֣ אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּֽי־שִׁמְךָ֣ נִקְרָ֔א עַל־עִירְךָ֖ וְעַל־עַמֶּֽךָ׃ | O Lord*, do hear, O Lord*, do forgive, O Lord*, do listen and act. Do not delay, for your sake, O God of mine, for your name is called upon over your city and over your people.” | Lord* (3x): a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Dan 9:20 | וְע֨וֹד אֲנִ֤י מְדַבֵּר֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל וּמִתְוַדֶּה֙ חַטָּאתִ֔י וְחַטַּ֖את עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמַפִּ֣יל תְּחִנָּתִ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔י עַ֖ל הַר־קֹ֥דֶשׁ אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And as I was still speaking and praying and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel and laying my supplication before the Lord my God on the holy mountain of my God, | holy mountain ← mountain of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 9:21 | וְע֛וֹד אֲנִ֥י מְדַבֵּ֖ר בַּתְּפִלָּ֑ה וְהָאִ֣ישׁ גַּבְרִיאֵ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ רָאִ֨יתִי בֶחָז֤וֹן בַּתְּחִלָּה֙ מֻעָ֣ף בִּיעָ֔ף נֹגֵ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י כְּעֵ֖ת מִנְחַת־עָֽרֶב׃ | indeed while I was still speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at first, being propelled into a rapid flight, touched me, at about the time of the evening meal-offering, | propelled ← made to fly. |
| Dan 9:22 | וַיָּ֖בֶן וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמִּ֑י וַיֹּאמַ֕ר דָּנִיֵּ֕אל עַתָּ֥ה יָצָ֖אתִי לְהַשְׂכִּילְךָ֥ בִינָֽה׃ | and he explained and spoke with me and said, “Daniel, I have come out now to impart understanding to you. | to impart understanding to you ← to make you insightful (in) understanding. |
| Dan 9:23 | בִּתְחִלַּ֨ת תַּחֲנוּנֶ֜יךָ יָצָ֣א דָבָ֗ר וַאֲנִי֙ בָּ֣אתִי לְהַגִּ֔יד כִּ֥י חֲמוּד֖וֹת אָ֑תָּה וּבִין֙ בַּדָּבָ֔ר וְהָבֵ֖ן בַּמַּרְאֶֽה׃ | At the start of your supplications, a pronouncement went out, and I have come to report that you are greatly loved. So understand the matter and discern the vision. |
pronouncement ← word.
greatly loved: the plural form justifies greatly. |
| Dan 9:24 | שָׁבֻעִ֨ים שִׁבְעִ֜ים נֶחְתַּ֥ךְ עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֣ ׀ וְעַל־עִ֣יר קָדְשֶׁ֗ךָ לְכַלֵּ֨א הַפֶּ֜שַׁע *ולחתם **וּלְהָתֵ֤ם *חטאות **חַטָּאת֙ וּלְכַפֵּ֣ר עָוֺ֔ן וּלְהָבִ֖יא צֶ֣דֶק עֹֽלָמִ֑ים וְלַחְתֹּם֙ חָז֣וֹן וְנָבִ֔יא וְלִמְשֹׁ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים׃ | Seventy year-weeks have been determined concerning your people and concerning your holy city, to put an end to transgression and to {K: seal up} [Q: cause] {K: sins} [Q: the sin] {K: - } [Q: to cease], and to atone for iniquity, and to bring in age-abiding righteousness, and to seal the vision and prophet, and to anoint the holy of holies. |
The first ketiv and qeré hinge on a letter being a hé or a heth.
year-weeks: i.e. periods of seven years. to put an end to: taking the root as כלה. Alternatively, taking the root as כלא, to confine. |
| Dan 9:25 | וְתֵדַ֨ע וְתַשְׂכֵּ֜ל מִן־מֹצָ֣א דָבָ֗ר לְהָשִׁיב֙ וְלִבְנ֤וֹת יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַד־מָשִׁ֣יחַ נָגִ֔יד שָׁבֻעִ֖ים שִׁבְעָ֑ה וְשָׁבֻעִ֞ים שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֗יִם תָּשׁוּב֙ וְנִבְנְתָה֙ רְח֣וֹב וְחָר֔וּץ וּבְצ֖וֹק הָעִתִּֽים׃ | And know and understand that from the issuing of the order to restore and rebuild Jerusalem up to messiah the leader, there are seven year-weeks and sixty-two year-weeks, and street and ditch will be built again, but in distressful times. |
know and understand: future / imperfective for imperative. See Deut 2:28.
order ← word. rebuild ← build. year-weeks (2x): see Dan 9:24. distressful times ← distress of the times. |
| Dan 9:26 | וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַשָּׁבֻעִים֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁנַ֔יִם יִכָּרֵ֥ת מָשִׁ֖יחַ וְאֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ וְהָעִ֨יר וְהַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ יַ֠שְׁחִית עַ֣ם נָגִ֤יד הַבָּא֙ וְקִצּ֣וֹ בַשֶּׁ֔טֶף וְעַד֙ קֵ֣ץ מִלְחָמָ֔ה נֶחֱרֶ֖צֶת שֹׁמֵמֽוֹת׃ | And after the sixty-two year-weeks, messiah will be cut off, but not for himself, and the people of the coming leader will spoil the city and the sanctuary, and his end will be with a flood. And until the end of the war, desolations are determined. |
year-weeks: see Dan 9:24.
but not for himself: or and he (will have) nothing. |
| Dan 9:27 | וְהִגְבִּ֥יר בְּרִ֛ית לָרַבִּ֖ים שָׁב֣וּעַ אֶחָ֑ד וַחֲצִ֨י הַשָּׁב֜וּעַ יַשְׁבִּ֣ית ׀ זֶ֣בַח וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְעַ֨ל כְּנַ֤ף שִׁקּוּצִים֙ מְשֹׁמֵ֔ם וְעַד־כָּלָה֙ וְנֶ֣חֱרָצָ֔ה תִּתַּ֖ךְ עַל־שֹׁמֵֽם׃ פ | And he will confirm a covenant with many for one year-week, and after half of the year-week he will put a stop to sacrifice and meal-offering, and he who makes desolate will stand on the pinnacle of abominations, and this will be until the conclusion. Then what is determined will be poured out on the desolator.” |
Matt 24:15, Mark 13:14.
year-week (2x): see Dan 9:24. he who makes desolate (etc.): AV differs in several respects. pinnacle: or wing. Perhaps a high place symbolizing the epitome of abominations. |
| Dan 10:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שָׁל֗וֹשׁ לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס דָּבָר֙ נִגְלָ֣ה לְדָֽנִיֵּ֔אל אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר וֶאֱמֶ֤ת הַדָּבָר֙ וְצָבָ֣א גָד֔וֹל וּבִין֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר וּבִ֥ינָה ל֖וֹ בַּמַּרְאֶֽה׃ | In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia, a matter was revealed to Daniel, who was called Belteshazzar, and the matter is true. Now there was intense warfare, and he understood the matter, and he had understanding in the vision. |
true ← truth.
intense warfare: or a great army. AV differs (the appointed time was long). |
| Dan 10:2 | בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם אֲנִ֤י דָֽנִיֵּאל֙ הָיִ֣יתִי מִתְאַבֵּ֔ל שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים׃ | In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three full weeks; | three full weeks ← three weeks of days. |
| Dan 10:3 | לֶ֣חֶם חֲמֻד֞וֹת לֹ֣א אָכַ֗לְתִּי וּבָשָׂ֥ר וָיַ֛יִן לֹא־בָ֥א אֶל־פִּ֖י וְס֣וֹךְ לֹא־סָ֑כְתִּי עַד־מְלֹ֕את שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שָׁבֻעִ֖ים יָמִֽים׃ פ | I did not eat appetizing food, and neither meat nor wine came to my mouth, and I did not anoint myself at all until three full weeks had elapsed. |
appetizing food ← desirable bread. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
anoint myself at all: infinitive absolute. three full weeks had elapsed ← the filling of three sevens of days. |
| Dan 10:4 | וּבְי֛וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַאֲנִ֗י הָיִ֛יתִי עַ֣ל יַ֧ד הַנָּהָ֛ר הַגָּד֖וֹל ה֥וּא חִדָּֽקֶל׃ | And on the twenty-fourth day of the first month, when I was on the side of the great river, that is the Hiddekel, | Hiddekel: Akkadian for the Tigris [CB]. See Gen 2:14. |
| Dan 10:5 | וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶת־עֵינַי֙ וָאֵ֔רֶא וְהִנֵּ֥ה אִישׁ־אֶחָ֖ד לָב֣וּשׁ בַּדִּ֑ים וּמָתְנָ֥יו חֲגֻרִ֖ים בְּכֶ֥תֶם אוּפָֽז׃ | I lifted up my eyes, and I looked, and what I saw was a man clothed in fine linen, whose waist was girded with fine gold from Uphaz. |
what I saw was ← behold.
a man ← one man. |
| Dan 10:6 | וּגְוִיָּת֣וֹ כְתַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וּפָנָ֞יו כְּמַרְאֵ֤ה בָרָק֙ וְעֵינָיו֙ כְּלַפִּ֣ידֵי אֵ֔שׁ וּזְרֹֽעֹתָיו֙ וּמַרְגְּלֹתָ֔יו כְּעֵ֖ין נְחֹ֣שֶׁת קָלָ֑ל וְק֥וֹל דְּבָרָ֖יו כְּק֥וֹל הָמֽוֹן׃ | And his body was like the Tarshish gemstone, and his face had the appearance of lightning, and his eyes were like torches of fire, and his arms and his feet had the gleam of polished copper, and the sound of his speech was like the sound of a crowd. | had the appearance ... had the gleam ← (was) like the appearance ... (were) like the eye. Compare Num 11:7, Prov 23:31. |
| Dan 10:7 | וְרָאִיתִי֩ אֲנִ֨י דָנִיֵּ֤אל לְבַדִּי֙ אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֔ה וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹ֥א רָא֖וּ אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֑ה אֲבָ֗ל חֲרָדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ נָפְלָ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַֽיִּבְרְח֖וּ בְּהֵחָבֵֽא׃ | And I, Daniel, on my own, saw the vision, but the men who were with me did not see the vision, but a great fear fell on them, and they fled so as to hide. | |
| Dan 10:8 | וַאֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י וָֽאֶרְאֶ֗ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֤ה הַגְּדֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאַר־בִּ֖י כֹּ֑ח וְהוֹדִ֗י נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית וְלֹ֥א עָצַ֖רְתִּי כֹּֽחַ׃ | And I remained on my own, and I saw this great vision, but I didn't have any strength left, and my radiance turned into pallor, and I didn't retain any strength. |
I didn't have any strength left ← strength did not remain to me.
pallor ← ruin on me. |
| Dan 10:9 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֖ע אֶת־ק֣וֹל דְּבָרָ֑יו וּכְשָׁמְעִי֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל דְּבָרָ֔יו וַאֲנִ֗י הָיִ֛יתִי נִרְדָּ֥ם עַל־פָּנַ֖י וּפָנַ֥י אָֽרְצָה׃ | But I heard the sound of his speech, and when I heard the sound of his speech while I was in a deep sleep on my face, with my face to the ground, |
speech (2x) ← words.
while ... with: wider use of the vav. |
| Dan 10:10 | וְהִנֵּה־יָ֖ד נָ֣גְעָה בִּ֑י וַתְּנִיעֵ֥נִי עַל־בִּרְכַּ֖י וְכַפּ֥וֹת יָדָֽי׃ | it so happened that a hand touched me and made my knees and hands tremble. |
it so happened that ← behold.
made my knees and hands tremble ← made me tremble at my knees and the palms of my hands; see נוּעַ in [AnLx]. But perhaps, knocked me onto my hands and knees. |
| Dan 10:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֡י דָּנִיֵּ֣אל אִישׁ־חֲ֠מֻדוֹת הָבֵ֨ן בַּדְּבָרִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר֩ אָנֹכִ֨י דֹבֵ֤ר אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ וַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־עָמְדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה שֻׁלַּ֣חְתִּי אֵלֶ֑יךָ וּבְדַבְּר֥וֹ עִמִּ֛י אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה עָמַ֥דְתִּי מַרְעִֽיד׃ | And he said to me, “Daniel, greatly beloved man, understand the words which I am speaking to you, and stand at your station, for I have been sent to you now.” And as he spoke these words to me, I stood up trembling. |
station: see Dan 8:17.
these words ← this word. |
| Dan 10:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ אַל־תִּירָ֣א דָנִיֵּאל֒ כִּ֣י ׀ מִן־הַיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧תָּ אֶֽת־לִבְּךָ֛ לְהָבִ֧ין וּלְהִתְעַנּ֛וֹת לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נִשְׁמְע֣וּ דְבָרֶ֑יךָ וַאֲנִי־בָ֖אתִי בִּדְבָרֶֽיךָ׃ | And he said to me, “Do not fear, Daniel, for ever since the first day when you set your heart on understanding things and submitting yourself before your God, your words have been heard, and I have come in answer to your words. | |
| Dan 10:13 | וְשַׂ֣ר ׀ מַלְכ֣וּת פָּרַ֗ס עֹמֵ֤ד לְנֶגְדִּי֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְאֶחָ֣ד י֔וֹם וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִֽיכָאֵ֗ל אַחַ֛ד הַשָּׂרִ֥ים הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים בָּ֣א לְעָזְרֵ֑נִי וַאֲנִי֙ נוֹתַ֣רְתִּי שָׁ֔ם אֵ֖צֶל מַלְכֵ֥י פָרָֽס׃ | But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me for twenty-one days. Then what happened was that Michael, one of the foremost princes, came to help me, and I remained there with the kings of Persia. |
withstood ← standing against.
then what happened was that ← and behold. |
| Dan 10:14 | וּבָ֙אתִי֙ לַהֲבִ֣ינְךָ֔ אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥ה לְעַמְּךָ֖ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֑ים כִּי־ע֥וֹד חָז֖וֹן לַיָּמִֽים׃ | Now I have come to explain to you what will happen to your people in the last days, for the vision was for many days yet.” | explain ← make understand. |
| Dan 10:15 | וּבְדַבְּר֣וֹ עִמִּ֔י כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה נָתַ֧תִּי פָנַ֛י אַ֖רְצָה וְנֶאֱלָֽמְתִּי׃ | And as he spoke with me about these things, I faced the ground and became mute, | faced ← set my face to. |
| Dan 10:16 | וְהִנֵּ֗ה כִּדְמוּת֙ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם נֹגֵ֖עַ עַל־שְׂפָתָ֑י וָאֶפְתַּח־פִּ֗י וָאֲדַבְּרָה֙ וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ אֶל־הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדִּ֔י אֲדֹנִ֗י בַּמַּרְאָה֙ נֶהֶפְכ֤וּ צִירַי֙ עָלַ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָצַ֖רְתִּי כֹּֽחַ׃ | and behold, someone in the likeness of the sons of Adam touched my lips, and I opened my mouth, and I spoke and said to the one standing opposite me, “My lord, at the vision pangs of pain came over me, and I did not retain any strength. |
pangs of pain ← my pangs.
came ← turned. |
| Dan 10:17 | וְהֵ֣יךְ יוּכַ֗ל עֶ֤בֶד אֲדֹנִי֙ זֶ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר עִם־אֲדֹ֣נִי זֶ֑ה וַאֲנִ֤י מֵעַ֙תָּה֙ לֹֽא־יַעֲמָד־בִּ֣י כֹ֔חַ וּנְשָׁמָ֖ה לֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרָה־בִֽי׃ | For how can a servant of my lord here speak with my lord here, when for my part, from that moment, no strength has remained in me, and no breath has been left in me.” |
my lord here: AV differs somewhat (this my lord).
for my part ← I (emphatic pronoun). from that moment ← from now. |
| Dan 10:18 | וַיֹּ֧סֶף וַיִּגַּע־בִּ֛י כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וַֽיְחַזְּקֵֽנִי׃ | Then the one in the likeness of a man touched me again and strengthened me, | |
| Dan 10:19 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אַל־תִּירָ֧א אִישׁ־חֲמֻד֛וֹת שָׁל֥וֹם לָ֖ךְ חֲזַ֣ק וַחֲזָ֑ק וּֽבְדַבְּר֤וֹ עִמִּי֙ הִתְחַזַּ֔קְתִּי וָאֹֽמְרָ֛ה יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י כִּ֥י חִזַּקְתָּֽנִי׃ | and he said to me, “Do not fear, greatly beloved man. Peace to you. Become stronger and stronger.” And as he spoke with me, I gained strength, and I said, “Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.” | |
| Dan 10:20 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲיָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ לָמָּה־בָּ֣אתִי אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְעַתָּ֣ה אָשׁ֔וּב לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־שַׂ֣ר פָּרָ֑ס וַאֲנִ֣י יוֹצֵ֔א וְהִנֵּ֥ה שַׂר־יָוָ֖ן בָּֽא׃ | And he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? And now I will return to fight against the prince of Persia, and as I go, look, the prince of Greece will come. |
against ← with. See Gen 14:8.
Greece: or Javan. |
| Dan 10:21 | אֲבָל֙ אַגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ אֶת־הָרָשׁ֥וּם בִּכְתָ֖ב אֱמֶ֑ת וְאֵ֨ין אֶחָ֜ד מִתְחַזֵּ֤ק עִמִּי֙ עַל־אֵ֔לֶּה כִּ֥י אִם־מִיכָאֵ֖ל שַׂרְכֶֽם׃ פ | But I will tell you what is recorded in the scripture of truth, and there is not one gathering strength with me concerning these things, except Michael your prince. |
tell you: singular you.
your prince: plural your. |
| Dan 11:1 | וַאֲנִי֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֔ת לְדָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ הַמָּדִ֑י עָמְדִ֛י לְמַחֲזִ֥יק וּלְמָע֖וֹז לֽוֹ׃ | And I, in the first year of Darius the Mede, was at my station as his strengthener and stronghold. |
See [CB] for identification of the kings etc. in this chapter.
station: see Dan 8:17. |
| Dan 11:2 | וְעַתָּ֕ה אֱמֶ֖ת אַגִּ֣יד לָ֑ךְ הִנֵּה־עוֹד֩ שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה מְלָכִ֜ים עֹמְדִ֣ים לְפָרַ֗ס וְהָֽרְבִיעִי֙ יַעֲשִׁ֤יר עֹֽשֶׁר־גָּדוֹל֙ מִכֹּ֔ל וּכְחֶזְקָת֣וֹ בְעָשְׁר֔וֹ יָעִ֣יר הַכֹּ֔ל אֵ֖ת מַלְכ֥וּת יָוָֽן׃ | And now I will relate the truth to you. Behold, three kings are still to arise in Persia. And the fourth will accumulate greater wealth than any, and just as he will become strong in his riches, so he will stir everyone up against the kingdom of Greece. |
arise ← stand.
accumulate ← enrich. any ← all. against ← with. Compare Gen 14:8. Greece: or Javan. |
| Dan 11:3 | וְעָמַ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ גִּבּ֑וֹר וּמָשַׁל֙ מִמְשָׁ֣ל רַ֔ב וְעָשָׂ֖ה כִּרְצוֹנֽוֹ׃ | And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule over a great empire, and he will do as he wishes. |
arise ← stand.
as he wishes ← according to his will. |
| Dan 11:4 | וּכְעָמְדוֹ֙ תִּשָּׁבֵ֣ר מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְתֵחָ֕ץ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א לְאַחֲרִית֗וֹ וְלֹ֤א כְמָשְׁלוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָשָׁ֔ל כִּ֤י תִנָּתֵשׁ֙ מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְלַאֲחֵרִ֖ים מִלְּבַד־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And when he arises, his kingdom will be broken, and it will be divided into the four winds of heaven, but not for his posterity, and not according to his manner of rule by which he ruled, for his kingdom will be plucked up and be for others – other than these. |
arises ← stands.
four winds of heaven: i.e. quarters of the compass. Compare Dan 8:8. |
| Dan 11:5 | וְיֶחֱזַ֥ק מֶֽלֶךְ־הַנֶּ֖גֶב וּמִן־שָׂרָ֑יו וְיֶחֱזַ֤ק עָלָיו֙ וּמָשָׁ֔ל מִמְשָׁ֥ל רַ֖ב מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ | And the king of the south will become strong, but one of his princes will become stronger than him, and he will rule. His rule will be a great empire. |
become stronger than ← become strong over him.
him: or, if the reader prefers, he. |
| Dan 11:6 | וּלְקֵ֤ץ שָׁנִים֙ יִתְחַבָּ֔רוּ וּבַ֣ת מֶֽלֶךְ־הַנֶּ֗גֶב תָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת מֵישָׁרִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־תַעְצֹ֞ר כּ֣וֹחַ הַזְּר֗וֹעַ וְלֹ֤א יַעֲמֹד֙ וּזְרֹע֔וֹ וְתִנָּתֵ֨ן הִ֤יא וּמְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ וְהַיֹּ֣לְדָ֔הּ וּמַחֲזִקָ֖הּ בָּעִתִּֽים׃ | And after some years, they will form an alliance, and the daughter of the king of the south will go to the king of the north to make a compact, but she will not retain a strong arm, and he will not stand, nor will his arm, and she will be delivered up, as will those who brought her, and he who begot her, and he who strengthened her in those times. |
after ← at the end of.
form an alliance ← join each other. a compact ← straightnesses, equitable things. a strong arm ← strength of the arm. |
| Dan 11:7 | וְעָמַ֛ד מִנֵּ֥צֶר שָׁרָשֶׁ֖יהָ כַּנּ֑וֹ וְיָבֹ֣א אֶל־הַחַ֗יִל וְיָבֹא֙ בְּמָעוֹז֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן וְעָשָׂ֥ה בָהֶ֖ם וְהֶחֱזִֽיק׃ | But one from a branch of her roots will assume his role, and he will turn to the army, and he will go to the fortress of the king of the north, and he will engage them and prevail. |
assume his role ← stand (on) his pedestal.
turn ← go. |
| Dan 11:8 | וְגַ֣ם אֱֽלֹהֵיהֶ֡ם עִם־נְסִֽכֵיהֶם֩ עִם־כְּלֵ֨י חֶמְדָּתָ֜ם כֶּ֧סֶף וְזָהָ֛ב בַּשְּׁבִ֖י יָבִ֣א מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוּא֙ שָׁנִ֣ים יַעֲמֹ֔ד מִמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַצָּפֽוֹן׃ | And he will also take back to Egypt their gods with their cast images, with their valuable articles of silver and gold which were captured, and he will stand for more years than the king of the north. |
cast images: AV differs (princes), which is the usual meaning for this word as consonantal text, but our translation is acceptable in [AnLx] even for the text as pointed.
valuable ← of desire. which were captured ← in the captivity. |
| Dan 11:9 | וּבָ֗א בְּמַלְכוּת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֔גֶב וְשָׁ֖ב אֶל־אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃ | So the king of the south will come into a kingdom then return to his territory. | territory ← ground. |
| Dan 11:10 | *ובנו **וּבָנָ֣יו יִתְגָּר֗וּ וְאָסְפוּ֙ הֲמוֹן֙ חֲיָלִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וּבָ֥א ב֖וֹא וְשָׁטַ֣ף וְעָבָ֑ר וְיָשֹׁ֥ב *ויתגרו **וְיִתְגָּרֶ֖ה עַד־*מעזה **מָעֻזּֽוֹ׃ | And his sons will be provoked, and they will gather a large quantity of powerful forces, and they will come with determination, and they will inundate the place and pass through, then they will return. Then {K: they will be provoked} [Q: he will be provoked] at {K: the fortress} [Q: his fortress]. |
sons: the ketiv reads son, but with a plural verb.
they will come with determination ← it [the large quantity] will come, with an infinitive absolute. inundate: see Dan 11:40. at ← up to. |
| Dan 11:11 | וְיִתְמַרְמַר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֔גֶב וְיָצָ֕א וְנִלְחַ֥ם עִמּ֖וֹ עִם־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֑וֹן וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ הָמ֣וֹן רָ֔ב וְנִתַּ֥ן הֶהָמ֖וֹן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And the king of the south will become bitter, and he will go out to wage war against him – against the king of the north – and he will recruit a large multitude, but the multitude will be delivered into his hand. |
against (2x) ← with. See Gen 14:8.
he will recruit: the king of the north [CB] will make stand. his hand: [CB]= the king of the south's hand. |
| Dan 11:12 | וְנִשָּׂ֥א הֶהָמ֖וֹן *ירום **וְרָ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וְהִפִּ֛יל רִבֹּא֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א יָעֽוֹז׃ | {K: And he will carry the multitude away;} [Q: And when he has carried the multitude away,] his heart will be exalted, and he will cut down tens of thousands, but he will not gain strength. | |
| Dan 11:13 | וְשָׁב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן וְהֶעֱמִ֣יד הָמ֔וֹן רַ֖ב מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וּלְקֵ֨ץ הָֽעִתִּ֤ים שָׁנִים֙ יָ֣בוֹא ב֔וֹא בְּחַ֥יִל גָּד֖וֹל וּבִרְכ֥וּשׁ רָֽב׃ | Then the king of the north will again recruit a multitude, larger than the first one, and after many vicissitudes and years, he will come with determination, with a great army and with much military equipment. |
recruit ← make stand.
after ← at the end of. military equipment ← acquisition, but here the military term is materiel. |
| Dan 11:14 | וּבָעִתִּ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם רַבִּ֥ים יַֽעַמְד֖וּ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֑גֶב וּבְנֵ֣י ׀ פָּרִיצֵ֣י עַמְּךָ֗ יִֽנַּשְּׂא֛וּ לְהַעֲמִ֥יד חָז֖וֹן וְנִכְשָֽׁלוּ׃ | And in those times, many will defend the king of the south, and the violent members of your people will exalt themselves in establishing the vision, but they will fail. |
defend: as in Dan 12:1 (stand for) and see Ezek 33:26 (confide in). AV differs (stand up against), which is also possible.
the violent members ← sons of violence. in establishing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Dan 11:15 | וְיָבֹא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֔וֹן וְיִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ סֽוֹלֲלָ֔ה וְלָכַ֖ד עִ֣יר מִבְצָר֑וֹת וּזְרֹע֤וֹת הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔דוּ וְעַם֙ מִבְחָרָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲמֹֽד׃ | And the king of the north will come, and he will cast up a rampart and capture a highly fortified city, and the arms of the south will not stand, nor will his elite people, and they will not have strength to stand. |
a highly fortified city ← a city of fortifications.
arms: the word for the part of the body, not weapons. But the word stands for physical ability, e.g. to defend oneself. |
| Dan 11:16 | וְיַ֨עַשׂ הַבָּ֤א אֵלָיו֙ כִּרְצוֹנ֔וֹ וְאֵ֥ין עוֹמֵ֖ד לְפָנָ֑יו וְיַעֲמֹ֥ד בְּאֶֽרֶץ־הַצְּבִ֖י וְכָלָ֥ה בְיָדֽוֹ׃ | And the one who is coming will do as he wishes, and no-one will stand against him, and he will stand in the Splendid Land, and destructive power will be at his disposal. |
as he wishes ← according to his will.
Splendid Land: see Dan 8:9. destructive power will be at his disposal ← completion / destruction in his hand. |
| Dan 11:17 | וְיָשֵׂ֣ם ׀ פָּ֠נָיו לָב֞וֹא בְּתֹ֧קֶף כָּל־מַלְכוּת֛וֹ וִישָׁרִ֥ים עִמּ֖וֹ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וּבַ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֔הּ וְלֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד וְלֹא־ל֥וֹ תִהְיֶֽה׃ | And he will resolve to come with the might of all his kingdom, and he will settle with equitable terms with him, and he will give him the fairest daughter among women to spoil her, but she will not brook it, and she will not be his. |
resolve ← set his face.
settle with ← make. equitable terms: AV differs (upright ones). brook it ← stand, i.e. as colloquial English stand for it. |
| Dan 11:18 | *וישב **וְיָשֵׂ֧ם ׀ פָּנָ֛יו לְאִיִּ֖ים וְלָכַ֣ד רַבִּ֑ים וְהִשְׁבִּ֨ית קָצִ֤ין חֶרְפָּתוֹ֙ ל֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֥י חֶרְפָּת֖וֹ יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃ | And {K: he will turn} [Q: he will direct] his attention to the islands, and he will capture many of them, and a commander will put an end to his reproach for him. Then with no reproach of his, he will turn his attention to him. |
attention ← face.
islands: or coastlands. |
| Dan 11:19 | וְיָשֵׁ֣ב פָּנָ֔יו לְמָעוּזֵּ֖י אַרְצ֑וֹ וְנִכְשַׁ֥ל וְנָפַ֖ל וְלֹ֥א יִמָּצֵֽא׃ | Then he will turn his attention to the strongholds of his own country, but he will fail and fall, and he will be nowhere to be found. |
attention ← face.
will be nowhere to be found ← will not be found. |
| Dan 11:20 | וְעָמַ֧ד עַל־כַּנּ֛וֹ מַעֲבִ֥יר נוֹגֵ֖שׂ הֶ֣דֶר מַלְכ֑וּת וּבְיָמִ֤ים אֲחָדִים֙ יִשָּׁבֵ֔ר וְלֹ֥א בְאַפַּ֖יִם וְלֹ֥א בְמִלְחָמָֽה׃ | Then an oppressor will take on his role, and he will pass through the glorious kingdom. But in a few days he will be crushed, but not by anger and not by war. |
oppressor: AV differs somewhat (raiser of taxes). No explicit reference to tax in Hebrew.
take on his role ← stand on his pedestal. glorious kingdom ← glory of the kingdom. A reverse Hebraic genitive (nomen regens as the adjective). Compare Isa 49:8, Isa 57:10, Isa 60:3. |
| Dan 11:21 | וְעָמַ֤ד עַל־כַּנּוֹ֙ נִבְזֶ֔ה וְלֹא־נָתְנ֥וּ עָלָ֖יו ה֣וֹד מַלְכ֑וּת וּבָ֣א בְשַׁלְוָ֔ה וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק מַלְכ֖וּת בַּחֲלַקְלַקּֽוֹת׃ | Then the despicable one will take on his role, but he will not be invested with the majesty of the kingdom. And he will come calmly, and he will take hold of the kingdom by flatteries. |
take on his role: see Dan 11:20.
he will not be invested with ← they will not put on him. Avoidance of the passive. [CB] sees a switch from a now historical to a yet future prophetic perspective here, and it introduces the antichrist. |
| Dan 11:22 | וּזְרֹע֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֛טֶף יִשָּׁטְפ֥וּ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו וְיִשָּׁבֵ֑רוּ וְגַ֖ם נְגִ֥יד בְּרִֽית׃ | And people will be swept away before him in the arms of a flood, and they will be crushed, as also the leader of the covenant. | |
| Dan 11:23 | וּמִן־הִֽתְחַבְּר֥וּת אֵלָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִרְמָ֑ה וְעָלָ֥ה וְעָצַ֖ם בִּמְעַט־גּֽוֹי׃ | And he will act deceitfully towards those in league with him, and he will rise and become strong with a small people. |
act deceitfully ← do deceit.
in league ← joining themselves. |
| Dan 11:24 | בְּשַׁלְוָ֞ה וּבְמִשְׁמַנֵּ֣י מְדִינָה֮ יָבוֹא֒ וְעָשָׂ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־עָשׂ֤וּ אֲבֹתָיו֙ וַאֲב֣וֹת אֲבֹתָ֔יו בִּזָּ֧ה וְשָׁלָ֛ל וּרְכ֖וּשׁ לָהֶ֣ם יִבְז֑וֹר וְעַ֧ל מִבְצָרִ֛ים יְחַשֵּׁ֥ב מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖יו וְעַד־עֵֽת׃ | Calmly and in the fertile parts of the province, he will come and do what neither his fathers nor his father's fathers ever did. He will lavishly distribute booty and spoil and property to them, and he will devise plots against fortifications, which will be for a time. | which: relative use of the vav. |
| Dan 11:25 | וְיָעֵר֩ כֹּח֨וֹ וּלְבָב֜וֹ עַל־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב֮ בְּחַ֣יִל גָּדוֹל֒ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֗גֶב יִתְגָּרֶה֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה בְּחַֽיִל־גָּד֥וֹל וְעָצ֖וּם עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔ד כִּֽי־יַחְשְׁב֥וּ עָלָ֖יו מַחֲשָׁבֽוֹת׃ | Then he will stir up his power and his heart against the king of the south, with a large force. And the king of the south will be provoked into war, with a force large and mighty in the extreme, but he will not prevail, because they will devise plots against him. | prevail ← stand. |
| Dan 11:26 | וְאֹכְלֵ֧י פַת־בָּג֛וֹ יִשְׁבְּר֖וּהוּ וְחֵיל֣וֹ יִשְׁט֑וֹף וְנָפְל֖וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ | And those who dine with him will cut him to pieces, and his army will swirl around, and many will fall as casualties. |
dine with him ← eat his portion of food.
cut him to pieces ← break him in pieces. swirl around ← overflow. |
| Dan 11:27 | וּשְׁנֵיהֶ֤ם הַמְּלָכִים֙ לְבָבָ֣ם לְמֵרָ֔ע וְעַל־שֻׁלְחָ֥ן אֶחָ֖ד כָּזָ֣ב יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְלֹ֣א תִצְלָ֔ח כִּי־ע֥וֹד קֵ֖ץ לַמּוֹעֵֽד׃ | And the hearts of both kings will be set on wrongdoing, and they will tell lies at one table, but the proceeding will not be successful, for the end will still come in due course. |
hearts ← heart.
lies ← a lie, falsehood. due course ← set time. |
| Dan 11:28 | וְיָשֹׁ֤ב אַרְצוֹ֙ בִּרְכ֣וּשׁ גָּד֔וֹל וּלְבָב֖וֹ עַל־בְּרִ֣ית קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֖ה וְשָׁ֥ב לְאַרְצֽוֹ׃ | Then he will return to his own land with much property, and his heart will be against the holy covenant. Then he will take action and then return to his land. |
holy covenant ← covenant of holiness, a Hebraic genitive.
take action ← do. |
| Dan 11:29 | לַמּוֹעֵ֥ד יָשׁ֖וּב וּבָ֣א בַנֶּ֑גֶב וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה כָרִאשֹׁנָ֖ה וְכָאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃ | In due course he will return and go to the south, but it will not be like the first occasion or the last. |
due course: see Dan 11:27.
return and go to the south: or go to the south again. |
| Dan 11:30 | וּבָ֨אוּ ב֜וֹ צִיִּ֤ים כִּתִּים֙ וְנִכְאָ֔ה וְשָׁ֛ב וְזָעַ֥ם עַל־בְּרִֽית־ק֖וֹדֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וְשָׁ֣ב וְיָבֵ֔ן עַל־עֹזְבֵ֖י בְּרִ֥ית קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | And ships from Chittim will come against him, and he will be despondent, and he will return, and he will be indignant over the holy covenant, and he will take action. Then he will return and act shrewdly with those who forsake the holy covenant. |
holy covenant (2x): see Dan 11:28.
take action ← do. |
| Dan 11:31 | וּזְרֹעִ֖ים מִמֶּ֣נּוּ יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ וְחִלְּל֞וּ הַמִּקְדָּ֤שׁ הַמָּעוֹז֙ וְהֵסִ֣ירוּ הַתָּמִ֔יד וְנָתְנ֖וּ הַשִּׁקּ֥וּץ מְשׁוֹמֵֽם׃ | And brigades from him will arise and desecrate the sanctuary – the place of strength – and they will put a stop to the perpetual sacrifice, and they will set up the desolating abomination. |
Matt 24:15, Mark 13:14.
brigades from him will arise ← arms (of the body) from him will stand. |
| Dan 11:32 | וּמַרְשִׁיעֵ֣י בְרִ֔ית יַחֲנִ֖יף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת וְעַ֛ם יֹדְעֵ֥י אֱלֹהָ֖יו יַחֲזִ֥קוּ וְעָשֽׂוּ׃ | And he will entice violators of the covenant to profanity with flatteries, but a people who know their God will remain steadfast and take action. | their God ← its God, but know is plural ad sensum. |
| Dan 11:33 | וּמַשְׂכִּ֣ילֵי עָ֔ם יָבִ֖ינוּ לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וְנִכְשְׁל֞וּ בְּחֶ֧רֶב וּבְלֶהָבָ֛ה בִּשְׁבִ֥י וּבְבִזָּ֖ה יָמִֽים׃ | And those of the people with insight will explain to many, but they will be brought down by the sword and by the flame, by captivity and by being plundered, for a number of days. | be brought down ← stumble, fail. |
| Dan 11:34 | וּבְהִכָּ֣שְׁלָ֔ם יֵעָזְר֖וּ עֵ֣זֶר מְעָ֑ט וְנִלְו֧וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּחֲלַקְלַקּֽוֹת׃ | And as they are brought down, they will be afforded a little help, but many will associate with them with flatteries. |
brought down ← stumble, fail.
afforded a little help ← helped a little help. |
| Dan 11:35 | וּמִן־הַמַּשְׂכִּילִ֣ים יִכָּֽשְׁל֗וּ לִצְר֥וֹף בָּהֶ֛ם וּלְבָרֵ֥ר וְלַלְבֵּ֖ן עַד־עֵ֣ת קֵ֑ץ כִּי־ע֖וֹד לַמּוֹעֵֽד׃ | And some of those enlightened will be brought down, to refine them, and to purify and to whiten them up to the end time. For it is still a designated time away. |
be brought down: see Dan 11:34.
refine them ← refine among them. whiten: i.e. cleanse. |
| Dan 11:36 | וְעָשָׂ֨ה כִרְצוֹנ֜וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיִתְרוֹמֵ֤ם וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ עַל־כָּל־אֵ֔ל וְעַל֙ אֵ֣ל אֵלִ֔ים יְדַבֵּ֖ר נִפְלָא֑וֹת וְהִצְלִ֙יחַ֙ עַד־כָּ֣לָה זַ֔עַם כִּ֥י נֶחֱרָצָ֖ה נֶעֱשָֽׂתָה׃ | And the king will do as he wishes, and he will exalt himself and present himself as great – above every god – and he will speak awesomely against the God of gods, and he will prosper until the indignation is ended, for what has been determined will be accomplished. |
as he wishes ← according to his will.
awesomely ← extraordinary / wonderful / wondrous things. See the Introduction for our use of typography to distinguish the words for God / god. |
| Dan 11:37 | וְעַל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יָבִ֔ין וְעַל־חֶמְדַּ֥ת נָשִׁ֛ים וְעַֽל־כָּל־אֱל֖וֹהַּ לֹ֣א יָבִ֑ין כִּ֥י עַל־כֹּ֖ל יִתְגַּדָּֽל׃ | And he will not give consideration to the God of his fathers, nor will he give consideration to attraction to women, or give consideration to any god, because he will present himself as greater than all. |
attraction to women ← desire of women, an objective genitive. But a subjective genitive is also possible.
any ← every. greater than ← above. |
| Dan 11:38 | וְלֶאֱלֹ֙הַּ֙ מָֽעֻזִּ֔ים עַל־כַּנּ֖וֹ יְכַבֵּ֑ד וְלֶאֱל֜וֹהַּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־יְדָעֻ֣הוּ אֲבֹתָ֗יו יְכַבֵּ֛ד בְּזָהָ֥ב וּבְכֶ֛סֶף וּבְאֶ֥בֶן יְקָרָ֖ה וּבַחֲמֻדֽוֹת׃ | But he will honour the god of strongholds in his role. So he will honour a god whom his fathers did not know, with gold and with silver and with precious gemstones and with valuable items. |
in his role: or on his pedestal, but we take the abstract sense as in Dan 11:20 etc.
valuable ← desirable. |
| Dan 11:39 | וְעָשָׂ֞ה לְמִבְצְרֵ֤י מָֽעֻזִּים֙ עִם־אֱל֣וֹהַּ נֵכָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר *הכיר **יַכִּ֖יר יַרְבֶּ֣ה כָב֑וֹד וְהִמְשִׁילָם֙ בָּֽרַבִּ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה יְחַלֵּ֥ק בִּמְחִֽיר׃ | And he will organize fortified strongholds in connection with a foreign god, and whoever {K: has acknowledged} [Q: acknowledges] him, he will greatly honour, and he will give them rule over many, and he will apportion land at a price. |
organize fortified strongholds ← do / make fortifications of strongholds.
at a price: we cannot justify as a reward from the Hebrew. whoever has acknowledged him: AV differs (whom he shall acknowledge), also possible. |
| Dan 11:40 | וּבְעֵ֣ת קֵ֗ץ יִתְנַגַּ֤ח עִמּוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַנֶּ֔גֶב וְיִשְׂתָּעֵ֨ר עָלָ֜יו מֶ֣לֶךְ הַצָּפ֗וֹן בְּרֶ֙כֶב֙ וּבְפָ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וּבָאֳנִיּ֖וֹת רַבּ֑וֹת וּבָ֥א בַאֲרָצ֖וֹת וְשָׁטַ֥ף וְעָבָֽר׃ | And at the end time, the king of the south will skirmish with him, and the king of the north will rage against him with chariots and with cavalry and with many ships, and he will enter those countries and will inundate them and pass on. |
skirmish ← butt around.
inundate: perhaps meaning overwhelm, but perhaps literal; compare Dan 9:26, Dan 11:10, Dan 11:22. |
| Dan 11:41 | וּבָא֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַצְּבִ֔י וְרַבּ֖וֹת יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יִמָּלְט֣וּ מִיָּד֔וֹ אֱד֣וֹם וּמוֹאָ֔ב וְרֵאשִׁ֖ית בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | Then he will enter the Splendid Land, and many countries will be brought down, but these will escape from his hand: Edom and Moab and the principal part of the sons of Ammon. | Splendid Land: see Dan 8:9. |
| Dan 11:42 | וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח יָד֖וֹ בַּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֖ה לִפְלֵיטָֽה׃ | And he will stretch out his hand in various countries, and the land of Egypt will not have deliverance. | have deliverance ← be for escape. |
| Dan 11:43 | וּמָשַׁ֗ל בְּמִכְמַנֵּי֙ הַזָּהָ֣ב וְהַכֶּ֔סֶף וּבְכֹ֖ל חֲמֻד֣וֹת מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֻבִ֥ים וְכֻשִׁ֖ים בְּמִצְעָדָֽיו׃ | And he will rule over treasures of gold and silver, and over all the valuable items of Egypt. And Libyans and Ethiopians will follow in his footsteps. | valuable ← desirable. |
| Dan 11:44 | וּשְׁמֻע֣וֹת יְבַהֲלֻ֔הוּ מִמִּזְרָ֖ח וּמִצָּפ֑וֹן וְיָצָא֙ בְּחֵמָ֣א גְדֹלָ֔ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד וּֽלְהַחֲרִ֖ים רַבִּֽים׃ | But rumours from the east and from the north will alarm him, and he will set off in great fury to destroy and obliterate many. | fury: in an Aramaic form. |
| Dan 11:45 | וְיִטַּע֙ אָהֳלֶ֣י אַפַּדְנ֔וֹ בֵּ֥ין יַמִּ֖ים לְהַר־צְבִי־קֹ֑דֶשׁ וּבָא֙ עַד־קִצּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֥ין עוֹזֵ֖ר לֽוֹ׃ | And he will pitch the palatial tents between the seas in the holy Splendid Mount, and he will come to his end, with no-one helping him. | holy Splendid Mount ← mount of gazelle of holiness. See Dan 8:9. |
| Dan 12:1 | וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִיא֩ יַעֲמֹ֨ד מִֽיכָאֵ֜ל הַשַּׂ֣ר הַגָּד֗וֹל הָעֹמֵד֮ עַל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּךָ֒ וְהָיְתָה֙ עֵ֣ת צָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־נִהְיְתָה֙ מִֽהְי֣וֹת גּ֔וֹי עַ֖ד הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא וּבָעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ יִמָּלֵ֣ט עַמְּךָ֔ כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א כָּת֥וּב בַּסֵּֽפֶר׃ | And at that time Michael will stand up – the great prince who stands for the sons of your people – and there will be a time of tribulation such as there never has been since the coming into existence of a nation up to that time, and at that time your people will be delivered – everyone who is found written in the book. |
Matt 24:21, Mark 13:19; Phil 4:3, Rev 3:5, Rev 13:8, Rev 17:8, Rev 20:12, Rev 20:15, Rev 21:27.
stands for: see Dan 11:14. |
| Dan 12:2 | וְרַבִּ֕ים מִיְּשֵׁנֵ֥י אַדְמַת־עָפָ֖ר יָקִ֑יצוּ אֵ֚לֶּה לְחַיֵּ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וְאֵ֥לֶּה לַחֲרָפ֖וֹת לְדִרְא֥וֹן עוֹלָֽם׃ ס | And many of those sleeping in the dusty ground will awaken, some to age-abiding life, and some to age-abiding reproach and abhorrence. | dusty ground ← ground of dust, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 12:3 | וְהַ֨מַּשְׂכִּלִ֔ים יַזְהִ֖רוּ כְּזֹ֣הַר הָרָקִ֑יעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים כַּכּוֹכָבִ֖ים לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ פ | And those who have insight will shine like the brilliance of the firmament, and those who make many righteous will shine like the stars, age-abidingly and throughout time. | Compare Matt 13:43. |
| Dan 12:4 | וְאַתָּ֣ה דָֽנִיֵּ֗אל סְתֹ֧ם הַדְּבָרִ֛ים וַחֲתֹ֥ם הַסֵּ֖פֶר עַד־עֵ֣ת קֵ֑ץ יְשֹׁטְט֥וּ רַבִּ֖ים וְתִרְבֶּ֥ה הַדָּֽעַת׃ | But you, Daniel, close up the words and seal up the book, until the end time. Many will run to and fro, and knowledge will increase.” |
Rev 10:4, Rev 22:10.
run to and fro: either positively, scour, scrutinize, explore (the book), or negatively, be chaotic, go wild with. |
| Dan 12:5 | וְרָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֲנִ֣י דָנִיֵּ֔אל וְהִנֵּ֛ה שְׁנַ֥יִם אֲחֵרִ֖ים עֹמְדִ֑ים אֶחָ֥ד הֵ֙נָּה֙ לִשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְאֹ֔ר וְאֶחָ֥ד הֵ֖נָּה לִשְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃ | Then I, Daniel, saw a vision, and there were two others standing, one on one side of the river and one on the other side of the river. |
there were ← behold.
one side ... the other side ← here ... here. |
| Dan 12:6 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לָאִישׁ֙ לְב֣וּשׁ הַבַּדִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִמַּ֖עַל לְמֵימֵ֣י הַיְאֹ֑ר עַד־מָתַ֖י קֵ֥ץ הַפְּלָאֽוֹת׃ | And he said to the man clothed in fine linen who was above the water of the river, “How long is it to the end of the wonders?” | he: presumably one of the “others” at the side of the river. Or Michael? |
| Dan 12:7 | וָאֶשְׁמַ֞ע אֶת־הָאִ֣ישׁ ׀ לְב֣וּשׁ הַבַּדִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִמַּעַל֮ לְמֵימֵ֣י הַיְאֹר֒ וַיָּ֨רֶם יְמִינ֤וֹ וּשְׂמֹאלוֹ֙ אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע בְּחֵ֣י הָעוֹלָ֑ם כִּי֩ לְמוֹעֵ֨ד מֽוֹעֲדִ֜ים וָחֵ֗צִי וּכְכַלּ֛וֹת נַפֵּ֥ץ יַד־עַם־קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּכְלֶ֥ינָה כָל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And I heard the man clothed in fine linen who was above the water of the river. And he raised his right hand and his left hand towards heaven, and he swore by him who lives age-abidingly, that it was for a time, times and a half, and he swore that at the completion of the crushing of the strength of the holy people, all these things would come to an end. |
Rev 10:5, Rev 11:2, Rev 11:3, Rev 12:6, Rev 12:14, Rev 13:5.
a time, times and a half: i.e. three and a half years. See Dan 7:25. strength ← hand. holy people ← people of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Dan 12:8 | וַאֲנִ֥י שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי וְלֹ֣א אָבִ֑ין וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲדֹנִ֕י מָ֥ה אַחֲרִ֖ית אֵֽלֶּה׃ פ | And although I heard, I did not understand, and I said, “My lord, what is the end result of these things?” | and although: from two vavs, one being used concessively. |
| Dan 12:9 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֵ֣ךְ דָּנִיֵּ֑אל כִּֽי־סְתֻמִ֧ים וַחֲתֻמִ֛ים הַדְּבָרִ֖ים עַד־עֵ֥ת קֵֽץ׃ | And he said, “Go your way Daniel, for the words are closed up and sealed until the end time. | |
| Dan 12:10 | יִ֠תְבָּֽרֲרוּ וְיִֽתְלַבְּנ֤וּ וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ רַבִּ֔ים וְהִרְשִׁ֣יעוּ רְשָׁעִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֖ינוּ כָּל־רְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִ֖ים יָבִֽינוּ׃ | Many will be purified and whitened and refined, but the wicked will act wickedly, and none of the wicked will understand, but those with insight will understand. | none ← not ... all. |
| Dan 12:11 | וּמֵעֵת֙ הוּסַ֣ר הַתָּמִ֔יד וְלָתֵ֖ת שִׁקּ֣וּץ שֹׁמֵ֑ם יָמִ֕ים אֶ֖לֶף מָאתַ֥יִם וְתִשְׁעִֽים׃ | And from the time when the perpetual sacrifice is removed and when the desolating abomination is installed, there are one thousand two hundred and ninety days. |
Matt 24:15, Mark 13:14.
one thousand two hundred and ninety days: three and a half years and thirty days. See Dan 7:25. |
| Dan 12:12 | אַשְׁרֵ֥י הַֽמְחַכֶּ֖ה וְיַגִּ֑יעַ לְיָמִ֕ים אֶ֕לֶף שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ | Blessed is he who waits and comes to one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days. | one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days: three and a half years and seventy-five days. See Dan 7:25. |
| Dan 12:13 | וְאַתָּ֖ה לֵ֣ךְ לַקֵּ֑ץ וְתָנ֛וּחַ וְתַעֲמֹ֥ד לְגֹרָלְךָ֖ לְקֵ֥ץ הַיָּמִֽין׃ | But you proceed to the end, and you shall rest. Then you shall stand in your lot at the end of days.” | |
| Ezra 1:1 | וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס לִכְל֥וֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֑ה הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ כֹּ֣רֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֔ס וַיַּֽעֲבֶר־קוֹל֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in fulfilling the word of the Lord from the speech of Jeremiah, the Lord aroused the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he had a proclamation made throughout his kingdom, and also by a letter, saying, |
|| 2 Chr 36:22.
Cyrus (2x) ← Coresh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. in fulfilling ← to be completed. Gerundial use of the infinitive. speech ← mouth. had a proclamation made ← caused a voice to pass through. throughout ← in all. |
| Ezra 1:2 | כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֗ר כֹּ֚רֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס כֹּ֚ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ נָ֣תַן לִ֔י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְהֽוּא־פָקַ֤ד עָלַי֙ לִבְנֽוֹת־ל֣וֹ בַ֔יִת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽיהוּדָֽה׃ | “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: ‘The Lord God of heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the world, and he has charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. |
|| 2 Chr 36:23.
this is what ← thus. has given: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. of the world: or of the land, i.e. of the eastern world of antiquity. |
| Ezra 1:3 | מִֽי־בָכֶ֣ם מִכָּל־עַמּ֗וֹ יְהִ֤י אֱלֹהָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְיַ֕עַל לִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּיהוּדָ֑ה וְיִ֗בֶן אֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ה֥וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Who is there among you from all his people to participate? May his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and let him build the house of the Lord God of Israel – of the God who is in Jerusalem. | || 2 Chr 36:23. |
| Ezra 1:4 | וְכָל־הַנִּשְׁאָ֗ר מִֽכָּל־הַמְּקֹמוֹת֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ה֣וּא גָֽר־שָׁם֒ יְנַשְּׂא֙וּהוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י מְקֹמ֔וֹ בְּכֶ֥סֶף וּבְזָהָ֖ב וּבִרְכ֣וּשׁ וּבִבְהֵמָ֑ה עִם־הַ֨נְּדָבָ֔ה לְבֵ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And as for anyone who is not able to move about in any place where he lives, let the men of his home town transport him with his silver and gold and with his property and with his cattle, with his freewill-offering, to the house of God which is in Jerusalem.’ ” |
anyone ← everyone.
is not able to move about ← remains. any place ← all of the places. transport: or help. |
| Ezra 1:5 | וַיָּק֜וּמוּ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֗וֹת לִֽיהוּדָה֙ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם לְכֹ֨ל הֵעִ֤יר הָאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־רוּח֔וֹ לַעֲל֣וֹת לִבְנ֔וֹת אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And the paternal heads of Judah and Benjamin arose, as did the priests and the Levites. God aroused the spirit of all of them to go up and to build the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem. | |
| Ezra 1:6 | וְכָל־סְבִיבֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ חִזְּק֣וּ בִֽידֵיהֶ֔ם בִּכְלֵי־כֶ֧סֶף בַּזָּהָ֛ב בָּרְכ֥וּשׁ וּבַבְּהֵמָ֖ה וּבַמִּגְדָּנ֑וֹת לְבַ֖ד עַל־כָּל־הִתְנַדֵּֽב׃ ס | And all those around them supplemented their resources with articles of silver, of gold, with possessions and with cattle and with valuables, besides everything given as a freewill-offering. |
supplemented their resources ← strengthened their hands.
given as a freewill-offering ← he gave willingly, but apparently a passive use of hithpael (common in Modern Hebrew when there is no agent of the passive). Compare Jer 4:2, Job 5:4, Ps 119:52. |
| Ezra 1:7 | וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ כּ֔וֹרֶשׁ הוֹצִ֖יא אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י בֵית־יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֤יא נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּר֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | And King Cyrus brought the equipment of the house of the Lord out which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem and had put in the house of his gods. | |
| Ezra 1:8 | וַיּֽוֹצִיאֵ֗ם כּ֚וֹרֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס עַל־יַ֖ד מִתְרְדָ֣ת הַגִּזְבָּ֑ר וַֽיִּסְפְּרֵם֙ לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֔ר הַנָּשִׂ֖יא לִיהוּדָֽה׃ | So Cyrus king of Persia brought them out under the direction of Mithredath the treasurer, and he registered them with Sheshbazzar the leading person of Judah. |
under the direction ← at the hand.
registered ← counted. |
| Ezra 1:9 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה מִסְפָּרָ֑ם אֲגַרְטְלֵ֨י זָהָ֜ב שְׁלֹשִׁ֗ים אֲגַרְטְלֵי־כֶ֙סֶף֙ אָ֔לֶף מַחֲלָפִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | And these are their quantities: thirty golden basins, one thousand silver basins, twenty-nine slaughtering knives, | |
| Ezra 1:10 | כְּפוֹרֵ֤י זָהָב֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֔ים כְּפ֤וֹרֵי כֶ֙סֶף֙ מִשְׁנִ֔ים אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וַעֲשָׂרָ֑ה כֵּלִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ ס | thirty golden bowls, four hundred and ten silver bowls of second quality, and one thousand other items. | bowls (2x): the etymology suggests expiatory bowls. |
| Ezra 1:11 | כָּל־כֵּלִים֙ לַזָּהָ֣ב וְלַכֶּ֔סֶף חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֑וֹת הַכֹּ֞ל הֶעֱלָ֣ה שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֗ר עִ֚ם הֵעָל֣וֹת הַגּוֹלָ֔ה מִבָּבֶ֖ל לִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | All the items of gold and silver amounted to five thousand four hundred. Sheshbazzar brought them all up along with the deportees being brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem. | being brought up: gerundial use of the niphal infinitive. |
| Ezra 2:1 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה ׀ בְּנֵ֣י הַמְּדִינָ֗ה הָֽעֹלִים֙ מִשְּׁבִ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶגְלָ֛ה *נבוכדנצור **נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל לְבָבֶ֑ל וַיָּשׁ֛וּבוּ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֥ם וִֽיהוּדָ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ לְעִירֽוֹ׃ | And the following are the fraternity of the province who came back up from the displaced body of deportees, whom {Q: Nebuchadnezzar} [K: Nebuchadnezzor] king of Babylon deported to Babylon, and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own city. |
|| Neh 7:6.
the following ← these. fraternity ← sons. Similarly often throughout the chapter. Are the names following the word towns, e.g. Bethlehem, Jericho, Ramah, or people, P(h)arosh, Shephatiah etc.? We choose a word that accommodates both senses, fraternity. AV differs (children). |
| Ezra 2:2 | אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ עִם־זְרֻבָּבֶ֗ל יֵשׁ֡וּעַ נְ֠חֶמְיָה שְׂרָיָ֨ה רְֽעֵלָיָ֜ה מָרְדֳּכַ֥י בִּלְשָׁ֛ן מִסְפָּ֥ר בִּגְוַ֖י רְח֣וּם בַּעֲנָ֑ה מִסְפַּ֕ר אַנְשֵׁ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Those who came with Zerubbabel were Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel was as follows: |
|| Neh 7:7.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. Mordecai: see Esth 2:5. Mispar: AV= Mishpar. |
| Ezra 2:3 | בְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔שׁ אַלְפַּ֕יִם מֵאָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Parosh numbered two thousand one hundred and seventy-two; |
|| Neh 7:8.
fraternity: see note on Ezra 2:1. |
| Ezra 2:4 | בְּנֵ֣י שְׁפַטְיָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Shephatiah numbered three hundred and seventy-two; | || Neh 7:9. |
| Ezra 2:5 | בְּנֵ֣י אָרַ֔ח שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃ ס | the fraternity of Arah numbered seven hundred and seventy-five; | || Neh 7:10. |
| Ezra 2:6 | בְּנֵֽי־פַחַ֥ת מוֹאָ֛ב לִבְנֵ֥י יֵשׁ֖וּעַ יוֹאָ֑ב אַלְפַּ֕יִם שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | the fraternity of Pahath-Moab, of the line of the sons of Jeshua-Joab, numbered two thousand eight hundred and twelve; |
|| Neh 7:11.
Pahath-Moab ← the governor of Moab, but it seems to be a name, also of a man, as in Ezra 8:4, Neh 7:11. The word for governor occurs in Ezra 5:3, in an Aramaic section. |
| Ezra 2:7 | בְּנֵ֣י עֵילָ֔ם אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Elam numbered one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; | || Neh 7:12. |
| Ezra 2:8 | בְּנֵ֣י זַתּ֔וּא תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Zattu numbered nine hundred and forty-five; |
|| Neh 7:13.
Zattu: see Neh 10:15 (Neh 10:14AV). |
| Ezra 2:9 | בְּנֵ֣י זַכָּ֔י שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃ ס | the fraternity of Zaccai numbered seven hundred and sixty; | || Neh 7:14. |
| Ezra 2:10 | בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔י שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Bani numbered six hundred and forty-two; | || Neh 7:15. |
| Ezra 2:11 | בְּנֵ֣י בֵבָ֔י שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bebai numbered six hundred and twenty-three; | || Neh 7:16. |
| Ezra 2:12 | בְּנֵ֣י עַזְגָּ֔ד אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Azgad numbered one thousand two hundred and twenty-two; | || Neh 7:17. |
| Ezra 2:13 | בְּנֵי֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיקָ֔ם שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Adonikam numbered six hundred and sixty-six; | || Neh 7:18. |
| Ezra 2:14 | בְּנֵ֣י בִגְוָ֔י אַלְפַּ֖יִם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bigvai numbered two thousand and fifty-six; | || Neh 7:19. |
| Ezra 2:15 | בְּנֵ֣י עָדִ֔ין אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Adin numbered four hundred and fifty-four; | || Neh 7:20. |
| Ezra 2:16 | בְּנֵֽי־אָטֵ֥ר לִֽיחִזְקִיָּ֖ה תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Ater, of Hezekiah's line, numbered ninety-eight; | || Neh 7:21. |
| Ezra 2:17 | בְּנֵ֣י בֵצָ֔י שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bezai numbered three hundred and twenty-three; | || Neh 7:23. |
| Ezra 2:18 | בְּנֵ֣י יוֹרָ֔ה מֵאָ֖ה וּשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | the fraternity of Jorah numbered one hundred and twelve; | || Neh 7:24. |
| Ezra 2:19 | בְּנֵ֣י חָשֻׁ֔ם מָאתַ֖יִם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Hashum numbered two hundred and twenty-three; | || Neh 7:22. |
| Ezra 2:20 | בְּנֵ֥י גִבָּ֖ר תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Gibbar numbered ninety-five; | || Neh 7:25. |
| Ezra 2:21 | בְּנֵ֣י בֵֽית־לָ֔חֶם מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bethlehem numbered one hundred and twenty-three; |
|| Neh 7:26.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Ezra 2:22 | אַנְשֵׁ֥י נְטֹפָ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁשָּֽׁה׃ | the men of Netophah numbered fifty-six; | || Neh 7:26. |
| Ezra 2:23 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י עֲנָת֔וֹת מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the men of Anathoth numbered one hundred and twenty-eight; | || Neh 7:27. |
| Ezra 2:24 | בְּנֵ֥י עַזְמָ֖וֶת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Azmaveth numbered forty-two; | || Neh 7:28. |
| Ezra 2:25 | בְּנֵ֨י קִרְיַ֤ת עָרִים֙ כְּפִירָ֣ה וּבְאֵר֔וֹת שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Kiriath-Arim, Chephirah and Beeroth numbered seven hundred and forty-three; |
|| Neh 7:29.
Kiriath-Arim: AV= Kirjath-arim, but sometimes with an “i” in Kiriathaim. |
| Ezra 2:26 | בְּנֵ֤י הָרָמָה֙ וָגָ֔בַע שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד׃ ס | the fraternity of Ramah and Geba numbered six hundred and twenty-one; |
|| Neh 7:30.
Ramah ← the Ramah. Geba: AV differs, having the pausal form Gaba here. See Josh 18:24. |
| Ezra 2:27 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י מִכְמָ֔ס מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the men of Michmas numbered one hundred and twenty-two; |
|| Neh 7:31.
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| Ezra 2:28 | אַנְשֵׁ֤י בֵֽית־אֵל֙ וְהָעָ֔י מָאתַ֖יִם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the men of Beth-El and Ai numbered two hundred and twenty-three; |
|| Neh 7:32.
Ai ← the Ai. |
| Ezra 2:29 | בְּנֵ֥י נְב֖וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Nebo numbered fifty-two; | || Neh 7:33. |
| Ezra 2:30 | בְּנֵ֣י מַגְבִּ֔ישׁ מֵאָ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Magbish numbered one hundred and fifty-six; | |
| Ezra 2:31 | בְּנֵי֙ עֵילָ֣ם אַחֵ֔ר אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of the other Elam numbered one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; | || Neh 7:34. |
| Ezra 2:32 | בְּנֵ֣י חָרִ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | the fraternity of Harim numbered three hundred and twenty; | || Neh 7:35. |
| Ezra 2:33 | בְּנֵי־לֹד֙ חָדִ֣יד וְאוֹנ֔וֹ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Lod, Hadid and Ono numbered seven hundred and twenty-five; | || Neh 7:37. |
| Ezra 2:34 | בְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֔וֹ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Jericho numbered three hundred and forty-five; |
|| Neh 7:36.
Jericho ← Jerecho, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Ezra 2:35 | בְּנֵ֣י סְנָאָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ ס | the fraternity of Senaah numbered three thousand six hundred and thirty; | || Neh 7:38. |
| Ezra 2:36 | הַֽכֹּהֲנִ֑ים בְּנֵ֤י יְדַֽעְיָה֙ לְבֵ֣ית יֵשׁ֔וּעַ תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the priests who were the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, numbered nine hundred and seventy-three; |
|| Neh 7:39.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 2:37 | בְּנֵ֣י אִמֵּ֔ר אֶ֖לֶף חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Immer numbered one thousand and fifty-two; | || Neh 7:40. |
| Ezra 2:38 | בְּנֵ֣י פַשְׁח֔וּר אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Pashhur numbered one thousand two hundred and forty-seven; |
|| Neh 7:41.
Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. |
| Ezra 2:39 | בְּנֵ֣י חָרִ֔ם אֶ֖לֶף וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | the fraternity of Harim numbered one thousand and seventeen; | || Neh 7:42. |
| Ezra 2:40 | הַלְוִיִּ֑ם בְּנֵי־יֵשׁ֧וּעַ וְקַדְמִיאֵ֛ל לִבְנֵ֥י הוֹדַוְיָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the Levites, the sons of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the sons of Hodaviah, numbered seventy-four; |
|| Neh 7:43.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 2:41 | הַֽמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים בְּנֵ֣י אָסָ֔ף מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ פ | the singers, the sons of Asaph, numbered one hundred and twenty-eight; | || Neh 7:44. |
| Ezra 2:42 | בְּנֵ֣י הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֗ים בְּנֵי־שַׁלּ֤וּם בְּנֵֽי־אָטֵר֙ בְּנֵי־טַלְמ֣וֹן בְּנֵי־עַקּ֔וּב בְּנֵ֥י חֲטִיטָ֖א בְּנֵ֣י שֹׁבָ֑י הַכֹּ֕ל מֵאָ֖ה שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְתִשְׁעָֽה׃ פ | the sons of the gatekeepers – the sons of Shallum, the sons of Ater, the sons of Talmon, the sons of Akkub, the sons of Hatita, and the sons of Shobai – numbered in total one hundred and thirty-nine. | || Neh 7:45. |
| Ezra 2:43 | הַנְּתִינִ֑ים בְּנֵי־צִיחָ֥א בְנֵי־חֲשׂוּפָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י טַבָּעֽוֹת׃ | The temple-servants, the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth, | || Neh 7:46. |
| Ezra 2:44 | בְּנֵי־קֵרֹ֥ס בְּֽנֵי־סִֽיעֲהָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י פָדֽוֹן׃ | the sons of Keros, the sons of Siaha, the sons of Padon, | || Neh 7:47. |
| Ezra 2:45 | בְּנֵי־לְבָנָ֥ה בְנֵי־חֲגָבָ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י עַקּֽוּב׃ | the sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagabah, the sons of Akkub, | || Neh 7:48. |
| Ezra 2:46 | בְּנֵי־חָגָ֥ב בְּנֵי־*שמלי **שַׁלְמַ֖י בְּנֵ֥י חָנָֽן׃ | the sons of Hagab, the sons of {Q: Shalmai} [K: Shamlai], the sons of Hanan, | || Neh 7:48, Neh 7:49. |
| Ezra 2:47 | בְּנֵי־גִדֵּ֥ל בְּנֵי־גַ֖חַר בְּנֵ֥י רְאָיָֽה׃ | the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, the sons of Reaiah, | || Neh 7:49, Neh 7:50. |
| Ezra 2:48 | בְּנֵי־רְצִ֥ין בְּנֵי־נְקוֹדָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י גַזָּֽם׃ | the sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, the sons of Gazzam, | || Neh 7:50, Neh 7:51. |
| Ezra 2:49 | בְּנֵי־עֻזָּ֥א בְנֵי־פָסֵ֖חַ בְּנֵ֥י בֵסָֽי׃ | the sons of Uzza, the sons of Paseah, the sons of Besai, |
|| Neh 7:51, Neh 7:52.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. |
| Ezra 2:50 | בְּנֵי־אַסְנָ֥ה בְנֵי־*מעינים **מְעוּנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י *נפיסים **נְפוּסִֽים׃ | the sons of Asnah, the sons of {Q: Meunim} [K: Meinim], the sons of {Q: Nephusim} [K: Nephisim], |
|| Neh 7:52.
Meunim (qeré): AV= Mehunim. |
| Ezra 2:51 | בְּנֵי־בַקְבּ֥וּק בְּנֵי־חֲקוּפָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י חַרְחֽוּר׃ | the sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur, | || Neh 7:53. |
| Ezra 2:52 | בְּנֵי־בַצְל֥וּת בְּנֵי־מְחִידָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י חַרְשָֽׁא׃ | the sons of Bazluth, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha, | || Neh 7:54. |
| Ezra 2:53 | בְּנֵי־בַרְק֥וֹס בְּֽנֵי־סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּנֵי־תָֽמַח׃ | the sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Tamah, |
|| Neh 7:55.
Tamah: AV= Thamah here, but Tamah in Neh 7:55. |
| Ezra 2:54 | בְּנֵ֥י נְצִ֖יחַ בְּנֵ֥י חֲטִיפָֽא׃ | the sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha, | || Neh 7:56. |
| Ezra 2:55 | בְּנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה בְּנֵי־סֹטַ֥י בְּנֵי־הַסֹּפֶ֖רֶת בְּנֵ֥י פְרוּדָֽא׃ | the sons of Solomon's servants, the sons of Sotai, the sons of Sophereth, the sons of Peruda, |
|| Neh 7:57.
Sophereth ← Hassophereth, i.e. the scribe (feminine). |
| Ezra 2:56 | בְּנֵי־יַעְלָ֥ה בְנֵי־דַרְק֖וֹן בְּנֵ֥י גִדֵּֽל׃ | the sons of Jaalah, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel, | || Neh 7:58. |
| Ezra 2:57 | בְּנֵ֧י שְׁפַטְיָ֣ה בְנֵֽי־חַטִּ֗יל בְּנֵ֛י פֹּכֶ֥רֶת הַצְּבָיִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י אָמִֽי׃ | the sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth of the Zebaim, the sons of Ami – | || Neh 7:59. |
| Ezra 2:58 | כָּ֨ל־הַנְּתִינִ֔ים וּבְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | all the temple-servants and the sons of Solomon's servants numbered three hundred and ninety-two. | || Neh 7:60. |
| Ezra 2:59 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה הָֽעֹלִים֙ מִתֵּ֥ל מֶ֙לַח֙ תֵּ֣ל חַרְשָׁ֔א כְּר֥וּב אַדָּ֖ן אִמֵּ֑ר וְלֹ֣א יָֽכְל֗וּ לְהַגִּ֤יד בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָם֙ וְזַרְעָ֔ם אִ֥ם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽם׃ | And the following are those who went up from Tel-Melah, Tel-Harsha, Cherub, Addan and Immer, but they could not specify their paternal house or their family line – whether they were of Israel – : |
|| Neh 7:61.
the following ← these. Tel-Harsha: AV= Tel-harsa here, as if with a שׂ, but different again in Neh 7:61. specify ← tell. family line ← seed. |
| Ezra 2:60 | בְּנֵי־דְלָיָ֥ה בְנֵי־טוֹבִיָּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י נְקוֹדָ֑א שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah and the sons of Nekoda, who numbered six hundred and fifty-two, |
|| Neh 7:62.
Tobiah: AV also has Tobiah in Ezra and Nehemiah, but Tobijah in Zechariah and 2 Chronicles, which may reflect the dagesh in the yod. |
| Ezra 2:61 | וּמִבְּנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֥י חֳבַיָּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הַקּ֑וֹץ בְּנֵ֣י בַרְזִלַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָ֠קַח מִבְּנ֞וֹת בַּרְזִלַּ֤י הַגִּלְעָדִי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּקָּרֵ֖א עַל־שְׁמָֽם׃ | and those of the sons of the priests who were the sons of Hobaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, and the sons of Barzillai who took a wife from the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and he was named after them. |
|| Neh 7:63.
Hobaiah: AV= Habaiah. Hakkoz: AV= Koz. One could read the Koz. Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. named after them ← called after their name. |
| Ezra 2:62 | אֵ֗לֶּה בִּקְשׁ֧וּ כְתָבָ֛ם הַמִּתְיַחְשִׂ֖ים וְלֹ֣א נִמְצָ֑אוּ וַֽיְגֹאֲל֖וּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּֽה׃ | These looked for their registration among those registered by genealogy, but they were not found, so they were disqualified from the priesthood as extraneous. |
|| Neh 7:64.
registration ← writing. were disqualified ... as extraneous ← were polluted. |
| Ezra 2:63 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַתִּרְשָׁ֙תָא֙ לָהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יֹאכְל֖וּ מִקֹּ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים עַ֛ד עֲמֹ֥ד כֹּהֵ֖ן לְאוּרִ֥ים וּלְתֻמִּֽים׃ | And the governor told them that they were not to eat anything from the holy of holies until a priest should stand with Urim and Thummim. |
|| Neh 7:65.
governor ← Tirshatha. A Persian word [CB], [biblehub.com]. See Neh 8:9. Urim and Thummim: see Ex 28:30. |
| Ezra 2:64 | כָּל־הַקָּהָ֖ל כְּאֶחָ֑ד אַרְבַּ֣ע רִבּ֔וֹא אַלְפַּ֖יִם שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת שִׁשִּֽׁים׃ | The whole convocation together numbered forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty people, | || Neh 7:66. |
| Ezra 2:65 | מִ֠לְּבַד עַבְדֵיהֶ֤ם וְאַמְהֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אֵ֔לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וְשִׁבְעָ֑ה וְלָהֶ֛ם מְשֹׁרְרִ֥ים וּֽמְשֹׁרְר֖וֹת מָאתָֽיִם׃ | apart from these menservants and maidservants of theirs – seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven of them. And they also had two hundred male and female singers. | || Neh 7:67. |
| Ezra 2:66 | סוּסֵיהֶ֕ם שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֑ה פִּרְדֵיהֶ֕ם מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ | Their horses numbered seven hundred and thirty-six; their mules, two hundred and forty-five; | |
| Ezra 2:67 | גְּמַ֨לֵּיהֶ֔ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה חֲמֹרִ֕ים שֵׁ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ פ | their camels, four hundred and thirty-five; the donkeys, six thousand seven hundred and twenty. | || Neh 7:68 (Neh 7:69AV). |
| Ezra 2:68 | וּמֵרָאשֵׁי֙ הָֽאָב֔וֹת בְּבוֹאָ֕ם לְבֵ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הִֽתְנַדְּבוּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהַעֲמִיד֖וֹ עַל־מְכוֹנֽוֹ׃ | And when some of the paternal heads came to the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem, they gave freewill-offerings for the house of God, to set it on its foundation. | || Neh 7:69 (Neh 7:70AV). |
| Ezra 2:69 | כְּכֹחָ֗ם נָתְנוּ֮ לְאוֹצַ֣ר הַמְּלָאכָה֒ זָהָ֗ב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים֙ שֵׁשׁ־רִבֹּ֣אות וָאֶ֔לֶף ס וְכֶ֕סֶף מָנִ֖ים חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֑ים וְכָתְנֹ֥ת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים מֵאָֽה׃ ס | They contributed according to their means to the treasury for the work: sixty-one thousand darics of gold, five thousand manehs of silver, and one hundred priests' gowns. |
|| Neh 7:69, Neh 7:70, Neh 7:71 (Neh 7:70AV, Neh 7:71AV, Neh 7:72AV).
contributed ← gave. darics: a daric is a gold coin. manehs: 1 maneh = 100 shekels. See 1 Ki 10:17. |
| Ezra 2:70 | וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְ֠הַלְוִיִּם וּֽמִן־הָעָ֞ם וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֧ים וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֛ים וְהַנְּתִינִ֖ים בְּעָרֵיהֶ֑ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And the priests and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers and the gatekeepers and the temple-servants lived in their cities, as did all Israel in their cities. | || Neh 7:72 (Neh 7:73AV). |
| Ezra 3:1 | וַיִּגַּע֙ הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּעָרִ֑ים ס וַיֵּאָסְפ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And by the time the seventh month came, the sons of Israel were in their cities, and the people gathered in unison in Jerusalem. |
|| Neh 7:72, Neh 8:1 (Neh 7:72 = Neh 7:73AV).
by the time: wider use of the vav. in unison ← like one man. in Jerusalem ← to Jerusalem. |
| Ezra 3:2 | וַיָּקָם֩ יֵשׁ֨וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָ֜ק וְאֶחָ֣יו הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וּזְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו וַיִּבְנ֕וּ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֖ח אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְהַעֲל֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ עֹל֔וֹת כַּכָּת֕וּב בְּתוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֥ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jeshua the son of Jozadak arose, as did his brothers the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and his brothers, and they built the altar of the God of Israel, to make burnt offerings on it, as it is written in the law of Moses, the man of God. |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
to make ← to offer. |
| Ezra 3:3 | וַיָּכִ֤ינוּ הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ עַל־מְכ֣וֹנֹתָ֔יו כִּ֚י בְּאֵימָ֣ה עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מֵעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת *ויעל **וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה עֹל֖וֹת לַבֹּ֥קֶר וְלָעָֽרֶב׃ | And they set up the altar on its base, because in a dread which had come over them because of the peoples of the various countries, {K: they} [Q: one] made burnt offerings to the Lord on it – burnt offerings of the morning and of the evening. |
base ← bases.
made ← offered. |
| Ezra 3:4 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכּ֖וֹת כַּכָּת֑וּב וְעֹלַ֨ת י֤וֹם בְּיוֹם֙ בְּמִסְפָּ֔ר כְּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | And they celebrated the Festival of Tabernacles as it is written, and they made burnt offerings daily, in the right quantity, according to the ordinance of the daily proceeding. | celebrated ← did. |
| Ezra 3:5 | וְאַחֲרֵיכֵ֞ן עֹלַ֤ת תָּמִיד֙ וְלֶ֣חֳדָשִׁ֔ים וּלְכָל־מוֹעֲדֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הַמְקֻדָּשִׁ֑ים וּלְכֹ֛ל מִתְנַדֵּ֥ב נְדָבָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ | And after that was the recurrent burnt offering, both for the new moons and for all the Lord's sanctified festival times, and a freewill-offering from everyone who freely offered it to the Lord. | |
| Ezra 3:6 | מִיּ֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י הֵחֵ֕לּוּ לְהַעֲל֥וֹת עֹל֖וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה וְהֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יֻסָּֽד׃ | From the first day of the seventh month, they began to make burnt offerings to the Lord, although the Lord's temple had not yet had its foundations laid. |
make ← offer.
although: concessive use of the vav. had its foundations laid ← been founded. |
| Ezra 3:7 | וַיִּ֨תְּנוּ־כֶ֔סֶף לַחֹצְבִ֖ים וְלֶחָרָשִׁ֑ים וּמַאֲכָ֨ל וּמִשְׁתֶּ֜ה וָשֶׁ֗מֶן לַצִּֽדֹנִים֙ וְלַצֹּרִ֔ים לְהָבִיא֩ עֲצֵ֨י אֲרָזִ֤ים מִן־הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ אֶל־יָ֣ם יָפ֔וֹא כְּרִשְׁי֛וֹן כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֖ס עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And they gave money to the stonemasons and to the craftsmen, as well as food and drink and oil, and to the Sidonians and the Tyrians, for bringing cedar wood from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa, according to the authorization given to them by Cyrus king of Persia. |
stonemasons ← hewers.
Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. authorization ← permission. |
| Ezra 3:8 | וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְבוֹאָ֞ם אֶל־בֵּ֤ית הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בַּחֹ֖דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֑י הֵחֵ֡לּוּ זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל בֶּן־שְׁ֠אַלְתִּיאֵל וְיֵשׁ֨וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָ֜ק וּשְׁאָ֥ר אֲחֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֗ם וְכָל־הַבָּאִים֙ מֵהַשְּׁבִ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּעֲמִ֣ידוּ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה לְנַצֵּ֖חַ עַל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And in the second year after their coming to the house of God in Jerusalem, in the second month, Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak and the rest of their brothers – the priests and the Levites – and all those who came back from captivity to Jerusalem, began to appoint the Levites from twenty years old and above to superintend the work of the house of the Lord. |
after their coming: gerundial use of the infinitive.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 3:9 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד יֵשׁ֡וּעַ בָּנָ֣יו וְ֠אֶחָיו קַדְמִיאֵ֨ל וּבָנָ֤יו בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ כְּאֶחָ֔ד לְנַצֵּ֛חַ עַל־עֹשֵׂ֥ה הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה בְּבֵ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים ס בְּנֵי֙ חֵֽנָדָ֔ד בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And Jeshua, his sons and his brothers, and Kadmiel and his sons – the sons of Judah – stood in unison to superintend those doing the work in the house of God, with the sons of Henadad, and their sons and their brothers, the Levites. |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
Judah: another name for Hodaviah; compare Ezra 2:40. those doing ← the doer of. |
| Ezra 3:10 | וְיִסְּד֥וּ הַבֹּנִ֖ים אֶת־הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעֲמִידוּ֩ הַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים מְלֻבָּשִׁ֜ים בַּחֲצֹֽצְר֗וֹת וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־אָסָף֙ בַּֽמְצִלְתַּ֔יִם לְהַלֵּל֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־יְדֵ֖י דָּוִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the builders laid the foundations of the Lord's temple, and they appointed priests in full dress, with trumpets, and also Levites – sons of Asaph – with cymbals, to praise the Lord according to the instructions of David king of Israel. |
laid the foundations of ← founded.
they appointed: i.e. the superintendents appointed. in full dress ← dressed. instructions ← hands. |
| Ezra 3:11 | וַֽ֠יַּעֲנוּ בְּהַלֵּ֨ל וּבְהוֹדֹ֤ת לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּֽי־לְעוֹלָ֥ם חַסְדּ֖וֹ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָ֡ם הֵרִיעוּ֩ תְרוּעָ֙ה גְדוֹלָ֤ה בְהַלֵּל֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה עַ֖ל הוּסַ֥ד בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ ס |
And they sang to the Lord in praise and thanksgiving – that
He is good, For his kindness to Israel is age-abiding. And all the people shouted with loud shouting in praising the Lord for the fact that the foundations of the house of the Lord had been laid. |
in praise and thanksgiving ... in praising: gerundial use of the infinitive.
the foundations ... had been laid ← was founded. |
| Ezra 3:12 | וְרַבִּ֡ים מֵהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּם֩ וְרָאשֵׁ֨י הָאָב֜וֹת הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָא֜וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּיָסְד֔וֹ זֶ֤ה הַבַּ֙יִת֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם בֹּכִ֖ים בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל וְרַבִּ֛ים בִּתְרוּעָ֥ה בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה לְהָרִ֥ים קֽוֹל׃ | And many of the priests and the Levites and the elderly paternal heads who had seen the first house, when this house had its foundations laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice, and many raised their voice in shouting for joy. |
when ... had its foundations laid ← in the founding of.
raised their voice in shouting for joy ← in shouting for joy in raising the voice. Gerundial use of the infinitive with in raising. |
| Ezra 3:13 | וְאֵ֣ין הָעָ֗ם מַכִּירִים֙ ק֚וֹל תְּרוּעַ֣ת הַשִּׂמְחָ֔ה לְק֖וֹל בְּכִ֣י הָעָ֑ם כִּ֣י הָעָ֗ם מְרִיעִים֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וְהַקּ֥וֹל נִשְׁמַ֖ע עַד־לְמֵרָחֽוֹק׃ פ | And the people could not distinguish between the sound of shouting for joy and the sound of weeping of the people, because the people were raising a loud shout, and the sound was heard a long way off. |
distinguish between ← recognize.
raising ← shouting. a long way off ← up to from afar. |
| Ezra 4:1 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ צָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּֽי־בְנֵ֤י הַגּוֹלָה֙ בּוֹנִ֣ים הֵיכָ֔ל לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the deportees were building a temple to the Lord God of Israel, | deportees ← sons of deportation. |
| Ezra 4:2 | וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל וְאֶל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֗וֹת וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נִבְנֶ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֔ם כִּ֣י כָכֶ֔ם נִדְר֖וֹשׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם *ולא **וְל֣וֹ ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ זֹבְחִ֗ים מִימֵי֙ אֵסַ֤ר חַדֹּן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר הַמַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖נוּ פֹּֽה׃ | they went up to Zerubbabel and the paternal fathers, and they said to them, “Let us build with you, because, like you, we will seek your God, and {Q: we have been sacrificing to him} [K: we have not been sacrificing] since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assyria, who brought us up here.” | |
| Ezra 4:3 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לָהֶ֨ם זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל וְיֵשׁ֗וּעַ וּשְׁאָ֨ר רָאשֵׁ֤י הָֽאָבוֹת֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־לָ֣כֶם וָלָ֔נוּ לִבְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לֵאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ כִּי֩ אֲנַ֨חְנוּ יַ֜חַד נִבְנֶ֗ה לַֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔נוּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃ | But Zerubbabel and Jeshua and the rest of the paternal heads of Israel said to them, “You have nothing to do with us in building the house for our God, for we alone will build to the Lord God of Israel, as King Cyrus king of Persia commanded us.” |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
in building: gerundial use of the infinitive. alone ← together, implying without others. |
| Ezra 4:4 | וַיְהִי֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה *ומבלהים **וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם לִבְנֽוֹת׃ | And the people of the land impeded the people of Judah, and they {K: harassed} [Q: terrified] them in building. |
impeded ← weakened the hands of.
in building: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezra 4:5 | וְסֹכְרִ֧ים עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹעֲצִ֖ים לְהָפֵ֣ר עֲצָתָ֑ם כָּל־יְמֵ֗י כּ֚וֹרֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס וְעַד־מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃ | And they contracted advisers to work against them, to frustrate their plan for all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, and up to the reign of Darius king of Persia. | Darius ← Doriavesh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| Ezra 4:6 | וּבְמַלְכוּת֙ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת מַלְכוּת֑וֹ כָּתְב֣וּ שִׂטְנָ֔ה עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And in the reign of Ahasuerus, at the start of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. | Ahasuerus: see Esth 1:1. |
| Ezra 4:7 | וּבִימֵ֣י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֗שְׂתָּא כָּתַ֨ב בִּשְׁלָ֜ם מִתְרְדָ֤ת טָֽבְאֵל֙ וּשְׁאָ֣ר *כנותו **כְּנָוֺתָ֔יו עַל־*ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרָ֑ס וּכְתָב֙ הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן כָּת֥וּב אֲרָמִ֖ית וּמְתֻרְגָּ֥ם אֲרָמִֽית׃ פ | And in the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his associates wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia. And the content of the communiqué was written in Aramaic, and on reception it was translated from Aramaic. |
Artaxerxes (2x): the second occurrence in the verse is a textual issue, with {K: Artahshasta} [Q: Artahshast], but we retain the AV / traditional English name. The first occurrence is as the ketiv of the second.
his associates: the ketiv could be regarded as a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. content ← writing. |
| Ezra 4:8 | רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃ | Rehum the chief minister and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter to Artaxerxes the king against Jerusalem accordingly. |
Ezra 4:8 - 6:18 (and Ezra 7:12 -7:26) is in Aramaic.
a letter ← one letter. accordingly ← according to the thread / saying. |
| Ezra 4:9 | אֱדַ֜יִן רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָתְה֑וֹן דִּ֠ינָיֵא וַאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣א אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗א *ארכוי **אַרְכְּוָיֵ֤א בָבְלָיֵא֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔א *דהוא **דֶּהָיֵ֖א עֵלְמָיֵֽא׃ | At that time Rehum the chief minister and Shimshai the scribe wrote, along with the rest of their associates, judges and magistrates, Tripolitans, Persians, Urukites, Babylonians, Shushanites (that is, Elamites), |
Urukites: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
that is: MT points our that is as a demonym, Dehavites. along with ← and. AV differs in many respects. |
| Ezra 4:10 | וּשְׁאָ֣ר אֻמַּיָּ֗א דִּ֤י הַגְלִי֙ אָסְנַפַּר֙ רַבָּ֣א וְיַקִּירָ֔א וְהוֹתֵ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּקִרְיָ֖ה דִּ֣י שָׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֥ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ | and the rest of the various peoples whom the great and honourable Osnappar deported and settled in the towns of Samaria, and the rest of the region on the far side of the river etcetera. |
Osnappar: AV= Asnappar. [CB]= Assur-bani-pal or Sardanapalus. [Wikipedia]= Ashurbanipal.
the far side of the river: i.e. to the west of the Euphrates. AV differs (on this side), which is perhaps a difference of perspective rather than of location. Also elsewhere in this chapter. |
| Ezra 4:11 | דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְ אֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ פ | This is a transcript of the letter which they sent to him – to Artaxerxes the king. “From your servants, men from the far side of the river etcetera, |
your servants: [BHS] has a qeré, your servant, but not from [WLC].
etcetera: or at (this) time. It may be a way of abbreviating the record of the communiqué, whilst the original may have contained a longer formal greeting. Compare Ruth 4:1. |
| Ezra 4:12 | יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א *ובאישתא **וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙ בָּנַ֔יִן *ושורי **וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א *אשכללו **שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃ | let it be known to the king that the Jews who came up from where you are to us have come to Jerusalem, and they are rebuilding the rebellious and wicked city, and {K: they have completed the walls,} [Q: my walls have been completed,] and they have laid the foundations. |
wicked: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
have completed: the ketiv is hishtapal; the qeré is pael. rebuilding ← building. laid: we take this as pael perfect of root יחט rather than [AnLx]'s hapel future of חוט. See [FR] §178. |
| Ezra 4:13 | כְּעַ֗ן יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַהֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃ | Let it now be known to the king that if that city is rebuilt, and the walls are completed, they will not pay the levy of tax and excise, and in the end it will harm the interests of the monarchy. |
rebuilt ← built.
pay ← give. it will harm the interests of the monarchy ← it [feminine generalising] / you will damage kings. |
| Ezra 4:14 | כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲֽרִֽיךְ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ | Now since our salaries are paid by the palace, and it would not be proper for us to see any ingloriousness of the king, we have sent word and informed the king about this, |
salaries are paid by the palace ← we salt-eat salt of the palace.
ingloriousness ← nakedness. |
| Ezra 4:15 | דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ בִּֽסְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗ךְ וּ֠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּא֮ וְתִנְדַּע֒ דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽמְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּמְדִנָ֔ן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּגַוַּ֔הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה קִרְיְתָ֥א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃ | so that it may be investigated in the chronicles of your fathers, and you may find it in the chronicles and know that this city is a rebellious city which damages kings and provinces, and that they have been perpetrating an insurrection inside it since days of old, on account of which this city was destroyed. |
it may be investigated ← one may investigate. Avoidance of the passive.
chronicles ← book of records. days of old ← days of the age. |
| Ezra 4:16 | מְהוֹדְעִ֤ין אֲנַ֙חְנָה֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן לָקֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה חֲלָק֙ בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔א לָ֥א אִיתַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ פ | We hereby inform the king that if this city is rebuilt, and its walls are completed, as a result of it you will not have revenue from the far side of the river.” |
its walls: re-pointed with a mappiq (שׁוּרַיהּ), the word its would be explicit.
rebuilt ← built. it ← this. |
| Ezra 4:17 | פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ ס | The king sent the following message to Rehum the chief minister and Shimshai the scribe and the rest of their associates who were living in Samaria, and the rest who were on the far side of the river: “Peace etcetera. | etcetera: see Ezra 4:11. |
| Ezra 4:18 | נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃ | The communiqué which you sent us has been translated and read before me, | us: plural of majesty. |
| Ezra 4:19 | וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ וּבַקַּ֣רוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֔חוּ דִּ֚י קִרְיְתָ֣א דָ֔ךְ מִן־יוֹמָת֙ עָֽלְמָ֔א עַל־מַלְכִ֖ין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָ֑ה וּמְרַ֥ד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּ֖וּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃ | and a decree has been issued by me, and a search has been carried out, and it was found that this city since days of old has been rising up against kings, and that rebellion and insurrection have been perpetrated in it, |
a search has been carried out, and it was found ← they searched, and they found. Avoidance of the passive.
days of old ← days of the age. |
| Ezra 4:20 | וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן׃ | and that powerful kings have ruled over Jerusalem, as have rulers in all regions on the far side of the river, and the levy of tax and excise was paid to them. |
have ruled over ← have been over.
paid ← given. |
| Ezra 4:21 | כְּעַן֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ טְּעֵ֔ם לְבַטָּלָ֖א גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֑ךְ וְקִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ לָ֣א תִתְבְּנֵ֔א עַד־מִנִּ֖י טַעְמָ֥א יִתְּשָֽׂם׃ | Issue a decree now to stop those men, and that that city is not to be rebuilt, until the decree is issued by me. | rebuilt ← built. |
| Ezra 4:22 | וּזְהִירִ֥ין הֱו֛וֹ שָׁל֖וּ לְמֶעְבַּ֣ד עַל־דְּנָ֑ה לְמָה֙ יִשְׂגֵּ֣א חֲבָלָ֔א לְהַנְזָקַ֖ת מַלְכִֽין׃ ס | And be warned against being negligent in this, so that the damage does not increase in harming the monarchy.” |
being negligent ← doing negligence.
in harming: gerundial use of the infinitive. the monarchy ← kings. |
| Ezra 4:23 | אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י *ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ ס | Then as soon as a transcript of King Artaxerxes' communiqué was read before Rehum and Shimshai the scribe, and their associates, they hastily went to Jerusalem, to the Jews, and they stopped them with might and force. |
Artaxerxes: see Ezra 4:7.
might ← an arm. |
| Ezra 4:24 | בֵּאדַ֗יִן בְּטֵלַת֙ עֲבִידַ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֔א דִּ֖י בִּירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וַהֲוָת֙ בָּֽטְלָ֔א עַ֚ד שְׁנַ֣ת תַּרְתֵּ֔ין לְמַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃ פ | Then the work on the house of God which is in Jerusalem stopped. And it was stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia. | |
| Ezra 5:1 | וְהִתְנַבִּ֞י חַגַּ֣י *נביאה **נְבִיָּ֗א וּזְכַרְיָ֤ה בַר־עִדּוֹא֙ *נביאיא **נְבִיַּיָּ֔א עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א דִּ֥י בִיה֖וּד וּבִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם בְּשֻׁ֛ם אֱלָ֥הּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֲלֵיהֽוֹן׃ ס | Then Haggai the prophet prophesied, as did Zechariah the son of Iddo – the prophets to the Jews who were in Judah and in Jerusalem – to them in the name of the God of Israel. | the prophet ... the prophets: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Ezra 5:2 | בֵּאדַ֡יִן קָ֠מוּ זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל בַּר־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל֙ וְיֵשׁ֣וּעַ בַּר־יֽוֹצָדָ֔ק וְשָׁרִ֣יו לְמִבְנֵ֔א בֵּ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירֽוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְעִמְּה֛וֹן *נביאיא **נְבִיַּיָּ֥א דִֽי־אֱלָהָ֖א מְסָעֲדִ֥ין לְהֽוֹן׃ פ | Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak arose, and they began to build the house of God which is in Jerusalem, and with them were God's prophets helping them. |
prophets: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 5:3 | בֵּהּ־זִמְנָא֩ אֲתָ֨א עֲלֵיה֜וֹן תַּ֠תְּנַי פַּחַ֧ת עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה וּשְׁתַ֥ר בּוֹזְנַ֖י וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן וְכֵן֙ אָמְרִ֣ין לְהֹ֔ם מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְכֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם בַּיְתָ֤א דְנָה֙ לִבְּנֵ֔א וְאֻשַּׁרְנָ֥א דְנָ֖ה לְשַׁכְלָלָֽה׃ ס | At that very moment Tatnai the governor of the region on the far side of the river came to them, with Shethar-Bozenai and their associates, and they said this to them: “Who gave you authorization to build this house and to complete this wall?” |
Shethar-Bozenai: AV= Shetharboznai, as if a closed syllable (-boz-).
said this ← say thus. gave you authorization ← issued a decree to you. wall: or furnishings [FR], or sanctuary [BDB]. |
| Ezra 5:4 | אֱדַ֥יִן כְּנֵ֖מָא אֲמַ֣רְנָא לְּהֹ֑ם מַן־אִנּוּן֙ שְׁמָהָ֣ת גֻּבְרַיָּ֔א דִּֽי־דְנָ֥ה בִנְיָנָ֖א בָּנַֽיִן׃ | Then we accordingly told them what the names of the men were who were building this building. | |
| Ezra 5:5 | וְעֵ֣ין אֱלָהֲהֹ֗ם הֲוָת֙ עַל־שָׂבֵ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֔א וְלָא־בַטִּ֣לוּ הִמּ֔וֹ עַד־טַעְמָ֖א לְדָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ יְהָ֑ךְ וֶאֱדַ֛יִן יְתִיב֥וּן נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֖א עַל־דְּנָֽה׃ פ | But the eye of their God was on the elders of the Jews, and they could not make them stop the work, and at length the matter came to Darius, when a communiqué about this was handed over. |
but: adversative use of the vav.
and at length ← until. was handed over ← they [Tatnai and Shethar-Bozenai] returned. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezra 5:6 | פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִ֠גַּרְתָּא דִּֽי־שְׁלַ֞ח תַּתְּנַ֣י ׀ פַּחַ֣ת עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֗ה וּשְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ וּכְנָ֣וָתֵ֔הּ אֲפַ֨רְסְכָיֵ֔א דִּ֖י בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה עַל־דָּרְיָ֖וֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽא׃ | There follows a transcript of the letter which Tatnai the governor of the regions on the far side of the river, and Shethar-Bozenai and his associates, and the magistrates who were on the far side of the river, sent to Darius the king. | Shethar-Bozenai: see Ezra 5:3. |
| Ezra 5:7 | פִּתְגָמָ֖א שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֑וֹהִי וְכִדְנָה֙ כְּתִ֣יב בְּגַוֵּ֔הּ לְדָרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֖א שְׁלָמָ֥א כֹֽלָּא׃ ס | They sent the message to him, in which the following was written: “To Darius the king, complete peace. | the following ← like this. |
| Ezra 5:8 | יְדִ֣יעַ ׀ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֗א דִּֽי־אֲזַ֜לְנָא לִיה֤וּד מְדִֽינְתָּא֙ לְבֵית֙ אֱלָהָ֣א רַבָּ֔א וְה֤וּא מִתְבְּנֵא֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּלָ֔ל וְאָ֖ע מִתְּשָׂ֣ם בְּכֻתְלַיָּ֑א וַעֲבִ֥ידְתָּא דָ֛ךְ אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא מִתְעַבְדָ֖א וּמַצְלַ֥ח בְּיֶדְהֹֽם׃ ס | Let it be known to the king that we went to the province of Judah, to the house of the great God, and it is being built of hewn stone, and wood is being placed on the walls, and this work is being carried out with precision, and it is progressing well in their hands. | progressing well ← being done and succeeding. |
| Ezra 5:9 | אֱדַ֗יִן שְׁאֵ֙לְנָא֙ לְשָׂבַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֔ךְ כְּנֵ֖מָא אֲמַ֣רְנָא לְּהֹ֑ם מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְכֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם בַּיְתָ֤א דְנָה֙ לְמִבְנְיָ֔ה וְאֻשַּׁרְנָ֥א דְנָ֖ה לְשַׁכְלָלָֽה׃ | Then we questioned those elders. This is what we said to them: ‘Who gave you authorization to build this house and to complete this wall?’ |
this is what: see Ezra 4:8 (accordingly).
gave you authorization ← issued a decree to you. wall: see Ezra 5:3. |
| Ezra 5:10 | וְאַ֧ף שְׁמָהָתְהֹ֛ם שְׁאֵ֥לְנָא לְּהֹ֖ם לְהוֹדָעוּתָ֑ךְ דִּ֛י נִכְתֻּ֥ב שֻׁם־גֻּבְרַיָּ֖א דִּ֥י בְרָאשֵׁיהֹֽם׃ ס | And we also asked them to make their names known to you, so that we could write down the names of the men who are their head people. | |
| Ezra 5:11 | וּכְנֵ֥מָא פִתְגָמָ֖א הֲתִיב֣וּנָא לְמֵמַ֑ר אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹהִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֜א וְאַרְעָ֗א וּבָנַ֤יִן בַּיְתָא֙ דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִקַּדְמַ֤ת דְּנָה֙ שְׁנִ֣ין שַׂגִּיאָ֔ן וּמֶ֤לֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רַ֔ב בְּנָ֖הִי וְשַׁכְלְלֵֽהּ׃ | But this is the response which they gave us, saying, ‘We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the house which was built many years ago when a great king of Israel built it and completed it. |
this ← thus.
response which they gave ← message they returned. rebuilding ← building. ago ← from before this. |
| Ezra 5:12 | לָהֵ֗ן מִן־דִּ֨י הַרְגִּ֤זוּ אֲבָהֳתַ֙נָא֙ לֶאֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א יְהַ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּיַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל *כסדיא **כַּסְדָּאָ֑ה וּבַיְתָ֤ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔הּ וְעַמָּ֖ה הַגְלִ֥י לְבָבֶֽל׃ ס | But because our fathers provoked the God of heaven to anger, he delivered them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, and he tore down this house and deported the people to Babylon. | Chaldean: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. |
| Ezra 5:13 | בְּרַם֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת חֲדָ֔ה לְכ֥וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֖א דִּ֣י בָבֶ֑ל כּ֤וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא֙ שָׂ֣ם טְעֵ֔ם בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דְנָ֖ה לִבְּנֵֽא׃ | But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king issued a decree to build this house of God. | |
| Ezra 5:14 | וְ֠אַף מָאנַיָּ֣א דִֽי־בֵית־אֱלָהָא֮ דִּ֣י דַהֲבָ֣ה וְכַסְפָּא֒ דִּ֣י נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֗ר הַנְפֵּק֙ מִן־הֵֽיכְלָא֙ דִּ֣י בִֽירוּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְהֵיבֵ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹ לְהֵיכְלָ֖א דִּ֣י בָבֶ֑ל הַנְפֵּ֨ק הִמּ֜וֹ כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֗א מִן־הֵֽיכְלָא֙ דִּ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וִיהִ֙יבוּ֙ לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֣ר שְׁמֵ֔הּ דִּ֥י פֶחָ֖ה שָׂמֵֽהּ׃ | And also, as for the articles of gold and silver of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple in Jerusalem and brought to the temple in Babylon, Cyrus the king brought them out of the temple in Babylon, and they were given to a certain Sheshbazzar by name, whom he had appointed governor, |
temple in Babylon (2x) ← temple of Babylon.
a certain Sheshbazzar by name ← Sheshbazzar his name. |
| Ezra 5:15 | וַאֲמַר־לֵ֓הּ ׀ *אלה **אֵ֚ל מָֽאנַיָּ֔א שֵׂ֚א אֵֽזֶל־אֲחֵ֣ת הִמּ֔וֹ בְּהֵיכְלָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וּבֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖א יִתְבְּנֵ֥א עַל־אַתְרֵֽהּ׃ ס | and he said to him, «Take these articles and go and deposit them in the temple in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be built on its site.» | these: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. The word is Hebrew rather than Aramaic. |
| Ezra 5:16 | אֱדַ֙יִן֙ שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֣ר דֵּ֔ךְ אֲתָ֗א יְהַ֧ב אֻשַּׁיָּ֛א דִּי־בֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וּמִן־אֱדַ֧יִן וְעַד־כְּעַ֛ן מִתְבְּנֵ֖א וְלָ֥א שְׁלִֽם׃ | Then this Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of the house of God in Jerusalem, and from then up to now it has been built, but it is not finished.’ | but: adversative use of the vav. |
| Ezra 5:17 | וּכְעַ֞ן הֵ֧ן עַל־מַלְכָּ֣א טָ֗ב יִ֠תְבַּקַּר בְּבֵ֨ית גִּנְזַיָּ֜א דִּי־מַלְכָּ֣א תַמָּה֮ דִּ֣י בְּבָבֶל֒ הֵ֣ן אִיתַ֗י דִּֽי־מִן־כּ֤וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא֙ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵ֔ם לְמִבְנֵ֛א בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דֵ֖ךְ בִּירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וּרְע֥וּת מַלְכָּ֛א עַל־דְּנָ֖ה יִשְׁלַ֥ח עֲלֶֽינָא׃ ס | So now, if the king approves, let a search be made where the king's treasure house is in Babylon, as to whether it is a fact that a decree was issued by Cyrus the king to build this house of God in Jerusalem, and let the king send his wishes to us concerning this matter.” |
the king approves ← (it is) good to the king.
wishes ← wish. |
| Ezra 6:1 | בֵּאדַ֛יִן דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֖א שָׂ֣ם טְעֵ֑ם וּבַקַּ֣רוּ ׀ בְּבֵ֣ית סִפְרַיָּ֗א דִּ֧י גִנְזַיָּ֛א מְהַחֲתִ֥ין תַּמָּ֖ה בְּבָבֶֽל׃ | Then Darius the king issued a decree, and they searched in the library where they deposit treasures in Babylon. | the library ← the house of books. |
| Ezra 6:2 | וְהִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח בְּאַחְמְתָ֗א בְּבִֽירְתָ֛א דִּ֛י בְּמָדַ֥י מְדִינְתָּ֖ה מְגִלָּ֣ה חֲדָ֑ה וְכֵן־כְּתִ֥יב בְּגַוַּ֖הּ דִּכְרוֹנָֽה׃ פ | And a scroll was found in Ecbatana, in the fortress which is in the province of Media, and this is what was written on it – a memorandum – : |
a scroll ← one scroll.
Ecbatana ← Achmetha, as AV, but we use the modern name. this is what ← thus. on it ← in it. |
| Ezra 6:3 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת חֲדָ֜ה לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֗א כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא֮ שָׂ֣ם טְעֵם֒ בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֤א בִֽירוּשְׁלֶם֙ בַּיְתָ֣א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א אֲתַר֙ דִּֽי־דָבְחִ֣ין דִּבְחִ֔ין וְאֻשּׁ֖וֹהִי מְסֽוֹבְלִ֑ין רוּמֵהּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖הּ אַמִּ֥ין שִׁתִּֽין׃ | “In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king issued a decree. Regarding the house of God in Jerusalem, let the house be built as a place where sacrifices are offered. Now its foundations are load-bearing; its height is sixty cubits and its breadth is sixty cubits, |
Cyrus the king ... Cyrus the king: otiose, but it is not necessarily inelegant in Aramaic. Compare Gen 12:5.
sacrifices are offered ← they sacrifice sacrifices. Avoidance of the passive. cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Ezra 6:4 | נִדְבָּכִ֞ין דִּי־אֶ֤בֶן גְּלָל֙ תְּלָתָ֔א וְנִדְבָּ֖ךְ דִּי־אָ֣ע חֲדַ֑ת וְנִ֨פְקְתָ֔א מִן־בֵּ֥ית מַלְכָּ֖א תִּתְיְהִֽב׃ | with three storeys of hewn stone and one storey of wood. And let the expenses be paid from the king's house. |
storeys ... storey ← layers ... layer.
paid ← given. house: i.e. resources. |
| Ezra 6:5 | וְ֠אַף מָאנֵ֣י בֵית־אֱלָהָא֮ דִּ֣י דַהֲבָ֣ה וְכַסְפָּא֒ דִּ֣י נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֗ר הַנְפֵּ֛ק מִן־הֵיכְלָ֥א דִי־בִירוּשְׁלֶ֖ם וְהֵיבֵ֣ל לְבָבֶ֑ל יַהֲתִיב֗וּן וִ֠יהָךְ לְהֵיכְלָ֤א דִי־בִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ לְאַתְרֵ֔הּ וְתַחֵ֖ת בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלָהָֽא׃ ס | And also, as for the articles of gold and silver of the house of God which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, let them be returned and let them go to the temple in Jerusalem, to their rightful place, and deposit them in the house of God.” |
let them be returned ← let them return.
let them go ← let it go. their rightful place ← its (rightful) place. |
| Ezra 6:6 | כְּעַ֡ן תַּ֠תְּנַי פַּחַ֨ת עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֜ה שְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ וּכְנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן אֲפַרְסְכָיֵ֔א דִּ֖י בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה רַחִיקִ֥ין הֲו֖וֹ מִן־תַּמָּֽה׃ | Darius wrote, “So Tatnai, governor of the region on the far side of the river, and Shethar-Bozenai and your associates, the magistrates who are on the far side of the river, stay away from there. |
Shethar-Bozenai: see Ezra 5:3.
your associates ← their associates (inappropriate in English after a vocative). stay away ← be distant. |
| Ezra 6:7 | שְׁבֻ֕קוּ לַעֲבִידַ֖ת בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣א דֵ֑ךְ פַּחַ֤ת יְהוּדָיֵא֙ וּלְשָׂבֵ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֔א בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דֵ֖ךְ יִבְנ֥וֹן עַל־אַתְרֵֽהּ׃ | Leave the work on this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and of the elders of the Jews build this house of God on its site. | work on ← work of. |
| Ezra 6:8 | וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ לְמָ֣א דִֽי־תַֽעַבְד֗וּן עִם־שָׂבֵ֤י יְהוּדָיֵא֙ אִלֵּ֔ךְ לְמִבְנֵ֖א בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣א דֵ֑ךְ וּמִנִּכְסֵ֣י מַלְכָּ֗א דִּ֚י מִדַּת֙ עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔ה אָסְפַּ֗רְנָא נִפְקְתָ֛א תֶּהֱוֵ֧א מִֽתְיַהֲבָ֛א לְגֻבְרַיָּ֥א אִלֵּ֖ךְ דִּי־לָ֥א לְבַטָּלָֽא׃ | And a decree is hereby issued by me as to what you shall do with these elders of the Jews – regarding the building of this house of God – that from the king's resources which are from the tax on the region on the far side of the river, the expenses of these men shall be rigorously paid and that they are not to be hindered. |
the building: gerundial use of the infinitive.
resources ← property. paid ← given. not to be hindered ← they (i.e. people) are not to hinder. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Ezra 6:9 | וּמָ֣ה חַשְׁחָ֡ן וּבְנֵ֣י תוֹרִ֣ין וְדִכְרִ֣ין וְאִמְּרִ֣ין ׀ לַעֲלָוָ֣ן ׀ לֶאֱלָ֪הּ שְׁמַיָּ֟א חִנְטִ֞ין מְלַ֣ח ׀ חֲמַ֣ר וּמְשַׁ֗ח כְּמֵאמַ֨ר כָּהֲנַיָּ֤א דִי־בִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ לֶהֱוֵ֨א מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֹ֛ם י֥וֹם ׀ בְּי֖וֹם דִּי־לָ֥א שָׁלֽוּ׃ | And let whatever they need – bull-calves and rams and lambs for burnt offerings to the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine and oil, according to the specification of the priests of Jerusalem – be given to them on a daily basis without fail, |
they need: peal participle feminine plural, the being-needful (things are).
specification ← saying ← to say, or a noun, edict. on a daily basis ← day on day. |
| Ezra 6:10 | דִּֽי־לֶהֱוֺ֧ן מְהַקְרְבִ֛ין נִיחוֹחִ֖ין לֶאֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֑א וּמְצַלַּ֕יִן לְחַיֵּ֥י מַלְכָּ֖א וּבְנֽוֹהִי׃ | so that they may offer sweet fragrances to the God of heaven and pray for the life of the king and his sons. | |
| Ezra 6:11 | וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֗שׁ דִּ֤י יְהַשְׁנֵא֙ פִּתְגָמָ֣א דְנָ֔ה יִתְנְסַ֥ח אָע֙ מִן־בַּיְתֵ֔הּ וּזְקִ֖יף יִתְמְחֵ֣א עֲלֹ֑הִי וּבַיְתֵ֛הּ נְוָל֥וּ יִתְעֲבֵ֖ד עַל־דְּנָֽה׃ | And a decree is hereby issued by me that as for any man who changes this pronouncement, the wood be torn out of his house, and let him be vertically affixed to it, and let his house be made a dung heap for this. |
any ← every.
be vertically affixed ← be set upright affixed. |
| Ezra 6:12 | וֵֽאלָהָ֞א דִּ֣י שַׁכִּ֧ן שְׁמֵ֣הּ תַּמָּ֗ה יְמַגַּ֞ר כָּל־מֶ֤לֶךְ וְעַם֙ דִּ֣י ׀ יִשְׁלַ֣ח יְדֵ֗הּ לְהַשְׁנָיָ֛ה לְחַבָּלָ֛ה בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דֵ֖ךְ דִּ֣י בִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם אֲנָ֤ה דָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙ שָׂ֣מֶת טְעֵ֔ם אָסְפַּ֖רְנָא יִתְעֲבִֽד׃ פ | And may the God who causes his name to dwell there overthrow any king or people who stretches out his hand to change or damage this house of God which is in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued a decree; let it be carried out diligently.” | any ← every. |
| Ezra 6:13 | אֱ֠דַיִן תַּתְּנַ֞י פַּחַ֧ת עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁתַ֥ר בּוֹזְנַ֖י וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן לָקֳבֵ֗ל דִּֽי־שְׁלַ֞ח דָּרְיָ֧וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֛א כְּנֵ֖מָא אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא עֲבַֽדוּ׃ | At this Tatnai the governor of the region on the far side of the river, Shethar-Bozenai, and their associates, pursuant to Darius the king sending this, carried it out diligently. |
at this ← then.
Shethar-Bozenai: see Ezra 5:3. this: see Ezra 4:8 (accordingly). |
| Ezra 6:14 | וְשָׂבֵ֤י יְהוּדָיֵא֙ בָּנַ֣יִן וּמַצְלְחִ֔ין בִּנְבוּאַת֙ חַגַּ֣י *נביאה **נְבִיָּ֔א וּזְכַרְיָ֖ה בַּר־עִדּ֑וֹא וּבְנ֣וֹ וְשַׁכְלִ֗לוּ מִן־טַ֙עַם֙ אֱלָ֣הּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִטְּעֵם֙ כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ וְדָרְיָ֔וֶשׁ וְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מֶ֥לֶךְ פָּרָֽס׃ | And the elders of the Jews built and made good progress with the prophecy of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo being fulfilled, and they built and completed it, by the decree of the God of Israel, and by the decree of Cyrus and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia. |
the prophet: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
made good progress ← succeeded. The good progress could be because of ongoing prophesying. |
| Ezra 6:15 | וְשֵׁיצִיא֙ בַּיְתָ֣ה דְנָ֔ה עַ֛ד י֥וֹם תְּלָתָ֖ה לִירַ֣ח אֲדָ֑ר דִּי־הִ֣יא שְׁנַת־שֵׁ֔ת לְמַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽא׃ פ | This house was completed on the third day of the month of Adar, and it was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king. |
was completed: [BDB] admits a passive sense.
on ← up to. Adar: the twelfth month of the sacred calendar. See Ezra 6:19 for what happens in the next month. |
| Ezra 6:16 | וַעֲבַ֣דוּ בְנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל כָּהֲנַיָּ֨א וְלֵוָיֵ֜א וּשְׁאָ֣ר בְּנֵי־גָלוּתָ֗א חֲנֻכַּ֛ת בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥א דְנָ֖ה בְּחֶדְוָֽה׃ | And the sons of Israel – the priests and the Levites and the rest of the deportees – celebrated the dedication of this house of God with joy. |
deportees ← sons of exile.
celebrated ← did. |
| Ezra 6:17 | וְהַקְרִ֗בוּ לַחֲנֻכַּת֮ בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣א דְנָה֒ תּוֹרִ֣ין מְאָ֔ה דִּכְרִ֣ין מָאתַ֔יִן אִמְּרִ֖ין אַרְבַּ֣ע מְאָ֑ה וּצְפִירֵ֨י עִזִּ֜ין *לחטיא **לְחַטָּאָ֤ה עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ תְּרֵֽי־עֲשַׂ֔ר לְמִנְיָ֖ן שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And for the dedication of this house of God they offered one hundred bulls, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs, and twelve he-goats, {Q: to offer as a sin-offering for} [K: for the sins of] all Israel – for the number of the tribes of Israel. | We read the qeré as a pael infinitive; the ketiv as חַטַּיָּא, for חַטָּאַיָּא; see [MJ]. |
| Ezra 6:18 | וַהֲקִ֨ימוּ כָהֲנַיָּ֜א בִּפְלֻגָּתְה֗וֹן וְלֵוָיֵא֙ בְּמַחְלְקָ֣תְה֔וֹן עַל־עֲבִידַ֥ת אֱלָהָ֖א דִּ֣י בִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם כִּכְתָ֖ב סְפַ֥ר מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And the priests were appointed in their sections, and Levites in their divisions, for God's work in Jerusalem, according to the stipulation in the book of Moses. |
the priests were appointed ← they appointed priests. Avoidance of the passive.
stipulation ← writing. |
| Ezra 6:19 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ בְנֵי־הַגּוֹלָ֖ה אֶת־הַפָּ֑סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | And the deportees celebrated the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. |
The text reverts to Hebrew until Ezra 7:12.
deportees ← sons of deportation. celebrated ← did. |
| Ezra 6:20 | כִּ֣י הִֽטַּהֲר֞וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֛ם כְּאֶחָ֖ד כֻּלָּ֣ם טְהוֹרִ֑ים וַיִּשְׁחֲט֤וּ הַפֶּ֙סַח֙ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֔ה וְלַאֲחֵיהֶ֥ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְלָהֶֽם׃ | So the priests and the Levites purified themselves as a unity – all of them were pure, and they slaughtered the Passover lamb for all the deportees and for their brothers the priests and for themselves. | deportees ← sons of deportation. |
| Ezra 6:21 | וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַשָּׁבִים֙ מֵֽהַגּוֹלָ֔ה וְכֹ֗ל הַנִּבְדָּ֛ל מִטֻּמְאַ֥ת גּוֹיֵֽ־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם לִדְרֹ֕שׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Israel who had returned from the deportation ate, as did all who had set themselves aside from the uncleanness of the nations of the earth and had come to them, in seeking the Lord God of Israel. | in seeking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezra 6:22 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֧וּ חַג־מַצּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ שִׂמְּחָ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וְֽהֵסֵ֞ב לֵ֤ב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לְחַזֵּ֣ק יְדֵיהֶ֔ם בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And they celebrated the Festival of the Unleavened Bread for seven days with joy, for the Lord had given them joy, and he had turned the heart of the king of Assyria towards them, in empowering them in the work of the house of God – the God of Israel. |
celebrated ← did.
in empowering them ← to strengthen their hands. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezra 7:1 | וְאַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּמַלְכ֖וּת אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣סְתְּא מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָ֑ס עֶזְרָא֙ בֶּן־שְׂרָיָ֔ה בֶּן־עֲזַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּֽה׃ | And after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, came Ezra, the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, | |
| Ezra 7:2 | בֶּן־שַׁלּ֥וּם בֶּן־צָד֖וֹק בֶּן־אֲחִיטֽוּב׃ | the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, | |
| Ezra 7:3 | בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֥ה בֶן־עֲזַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־מְרָיֽוֹת׃ | the son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, | |
| Ezra 7:4 | בֶּן־זְרַֽחְיָ֥ה בֶן־עֻזִּ֖י בֶּן־בֻּקִּֽי׃ | the son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki, | |
| Ezra 7:5 | בֶּן־אֲבִישׁ֗וּעַ בֶּן־פִּֽינְחָס֙ בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֔ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֥ן הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הָרֹֽאשׁ׃ | the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the head priest. |
Phinehas: see Ex 6:25.
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Ezra 7:6 | ה֤וּא עֶזְרָא֙ עָלָ֣ה מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְהֽוּא־סֹפֵ֤ר מָהִיר֙ בְּתוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּתֶּן־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כְּיַד־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהָיו֙ עָלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל בַּקָּשָׁתֽוֹ׃ פ | This Ezra came up from Babylon, and he was a scribe astute in the law of Moses, whom the Lord God of Israel had appointed, and to whom the king had granted every request of his, according to the hand of the Lord his God on him. |
astute ← quick (witted).
whom ... appointed: or which ... gave. |
| Ezra 7:7 | וַיַּֽעֲל֣וּ מִבְּנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל וּמִן־הַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֜ם וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֧ים וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֛ים וְהַנְּתִינִ֖ים אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֖בַע לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king, some of the sons of Israel and some priests and Levites went up to Jerusalem, as did the singers and the gatekeepers and the temple-servants. | |
| Ezra 7:8 | וַיָּבֹ֥א יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֑י הִ֛יא שְׁנַ֥ת הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, and it was in the king's seventh year. | |
| Ezra 7:9 | כִּ֗י בְּאֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן ה֣וּא יְסֻ֔ד הַֽמַּעֲלָ֖ה מִבָּבֶ֑ל וּבְאֶחָ֞ד לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֗י בָּ֚א אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כְּיַד־אֱלֹהָ֖יו הַטּוֹבָ֥ה עָלָֽיו׃ | For it was on the first day of the first month that the start of the coming back up from Babylon took place, and on the first day of the fifth month he arrived in Jerusalem, with the good hand of his God on him. | with ← according to. |
| Ezra 7:10 | כִּ֤י עֶזְרָא֙ הֵכִ֣ין לְבָב֔וֹ לִדְר֛וֹשׁ אֶת־תּוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה וְלַעֲשֹׂ֑ת וּלְלַמֵּ֥ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּֽט׃ ס | For Ezra had resolved to seek the law of the Lord, and to observe it, and to teach statute and judgment in Israel. |
resolved ← prepared his heart.
observe ← do. |
| Ezra 7:11 | וְזֶ֣ה ׀ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַן֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֔סְתְּא לְעֶזְרָ֥א הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַסֹּפֵ֑ר סֹפֵ֞ר דִּבְרֵ֧י מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֛ה וְחֻקָּ֖יו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And this is a transcript of the communiqué which King Artaxerxes gave to Ezra the priest and scribe – the scribe of the words of the Lord's commandments, and his statutes imposed on Israel: | |
| Ezra 7:12 | אַ֨רְתַּחְשַׁ֔סְתְּא מֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑א לְעֶזְרָ֣א כָ֠הֲנָא סָפַ֨ר דָּתָ֜א דִּֽי־אֱלָ֧הּ שְׁמַיָּ֛א גְּמִ֖יר וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ | “From Artaxerxes, king of kings, to Ezra the priest, scribe in the law of the God of heaven, greetings etcetera. |
Ezra 7:12 - 7:26 is in Aramaic.
greetings ← completely, indicating a full complement of formalities. |
| Ezra 7:13 | מִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י כָל־מִתְנַדַּ֣ב בְּמַלְכוּתִי֩ מִן־עַמָּ֨ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וְכָהֲנ֣וֹהִי וְלֵוָיֵ֗א לִמְהָ֧ךְ לִֽירוּשְׁלֶ֛ם עִמָּ֖ךְ יְהָֽךְ׃ | A decree is hereby issued by me that everyone of the people of Israel in my kingdom – including its priests and the Levites – who wishes to go to Jerusalem, may go with you, | including ← and. |
| Ezra 7:14 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּי֩ מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜א וְשִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֙הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ לְבַקָּרָ֥א עַל־יְה֖וּד וְלִֽירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם בְּדָ֥ת אֱלָהָ֖ךְ דִּ֥י בִידָֽךְ׃ | it being so that you are sent from the king and his seven advisers to carry out investigations concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the law of your God, which is in your hand, | |
| Ezra 7:15 | וּלְהֵיבָלָ֖ה כְּסַ֣ף וּדְהַ֑ב דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֣א וְיָעֲט֗וֹהִי הִתְנַדַּ֙בוּ֙ לֶאֱלָ֣הּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דִּ֥י בִֽירוּשְׁלֶ֖ם מִשְׁכְּנֵֽהּ׃ | and to take the silver and gold which the king and his advisers have voluntarily given to the God of Israel, whose abode is in Jerusalem, | take ← bring. |
| Ezra 7:16 | וְכֹל֙ כְּסַ֣ף וּדְהַ֔ב דִּ֣י תְהַשְׁכַּ֔ח בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֑ל עִם֩ הִתְנַדָּב֨וּת עַמָּ֤א וְכָֽהֲנַיָּא֙ מִֽתְנַדְּבִ֔ין לְבֵ֥ית אֱלָהֲהֹ֖ם דִּ֥י בִירוּשְׁלֶֽם׃ | and all silver and gold which you find in the entire province of Babylon, given by the free will of the people and the priests, who freely give for the house of their God in Jerusalem. | given by the free will ← with giving voluntarily. |
| Ezra 7:17 | כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָה֩ אָסְפַּ֨רְנָא תִקְנֵ֜א בְּכַסְפָּ֣א דְנָ֗ה תּוֹרִ֤ין ׀ דִּכְרִין֙ אִמְּרִ֔ין וּמִנְחָתְה֖וֹן וְנִסְכֵּיה֑וֹן וּתְקָרֵ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ עַֽל־מַדְבְּחָ֔ה דִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית אֱלָהֲכֹ֖ם דִּ֥י בִירוּשְׁלֶֽם׃ | Pursuant to this, you shall diligently buy bulls and rams and lambs with this money, and their meal-offerings and their libations, and you will offer them on the altar of the house of your God in Jerusalem. | |
| Ezra 7:18 | וּמָ֣ה דִי֩ *עליך **עֲלָ֨ךְ וְעַל־*אחיך **אֶחָ֜ךְ יֵיטַ֗ב בִּשְׁאָ֛ר כַּסְפָּ֥א וְדַהֲבָ֖ה לְמֶעְבַּ֑ד כִּרְע֥וּת אֱלָהֲכֹ֖ם תַּעַבְדֽוּן׃ | And whatever seems right to you and your {K: brothers} [Q: brother] to do with the rest of the silver and gold, do according to the good pleasure of your God. |
to you: the ketiv could be regarded as scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré. You is singular in both cases.
do according ... your God: second person plural. |
| Ezra 7:19 | וּמָֽאנַיָּא֙ דִּֽי־מִתְיַהֲבִ֣ין לָ֔ךְ לְפָלְחָ֖ן בֵּ֣ית אֱלָהָ֑ךְ הַשְׁלֵ֕ם קֳדָ֖ם אֱלָ֥הּ יְרוּשְׁלֶֽם׃ | And restore in the presence of the God of Jerusalem the articles which are given to you for worship in the house of your God. | in the presence of ← before. |
| Ezra 7:20 | וּשְׁאָ֗ר חַשְׁחוּת֙ בֵּ֣ית אֱלָהָ֔ךְ דִּ֥י יִפֶּל־לָ֖ךְ לְמִנְתַּ֑ן תִּנְתֵּ֕ן מִן־בֵּ֖ית גִּנְזֵ֥י מַלְכָּֽא׃ | And pay for the remaining needs of the house of your God which you incur as expenses from the king's treasury. |
pay ← give.
you incur as expenses ← fall to you to give. |
| Ezra 7:21 | וּ֠מִנִּי אֲנָ֞ה אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֤סְתְּא מַלְכָּא֙ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵ֔ם לְכֹל֙ גִּזַּֽבְרַיָּ֔א דִּ֖י בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה דִּ֣י כָל־דִּ֣י יִ֠שְׁאֲלֶנְכוֹן עֶזְרָ֨א כָהֲנָ֜ה סָפַ֤ר דָּתָא֙ דִּֽי־אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א אָסְפַּ֖רְנָא יִתְעֲבִֽד׃ | And a decree is hereby issued by me, Artaxerxes the king, to all treasurers of the region on the far side of the river, that whatever Ezra – the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven – asks of you, it be done forthwith, | forthwith: or diligently, precisely. |
| Ezra 7:22 | עַד־כְּסַף֮ כַּכְּרִ֣ין מְאָה֒ וְעַד־חִנְטִין֙ כֹּרִ֣ין מְאָ֔ה וְעַד־חֲמַר֙ בַּתִּ֣ין מְאָ֔ה וְעַד־בַּתִּ֥ין מְשַׁ֖ח מְאָ֑ה וּמְלַ֖ח דִּי־לָ֥א כְתָֽב׃ | up to one hundred talents of silver, and up to one hundred cors of wheat, and up to one hundred baths of wine, and up to one hundred baths of oil, and salt without bookkeeping. |
talents: see Ex 25:39.
cor: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. bath (2x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| Ezra 7:23 | כָּל־דִּ֗י מִן־טַ֙עַם֙ אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א יִתְעֲבֵד֙ אַדְרַזְדָּ֔א לְבֵ֖ית אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֑א דִּֽי־לְמָ֤ה לֶֽהֱוֵא֙ קְצַ֔ף עַל־מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖א וּבְנֽוֹהִי׃ | Let everything which is by decree of the God of heaven be done diligently for the house of the God of heaven lest anger come upon the kingdom of the king or his sons. |
lest ← so why. [FR] §86 gives lest.
come ← be, become [BDB]. |
| Ezra 7:24 | וּלְכֹ֣ם מְהוֹדְעִ֗ין דִּ֣י כָל־כָּהֲנַיָּ֣א וְ֠לֵוָיֵא זַמָּ֨רַיָּ֤א תָרָֽעַיָּא֙ נְתִ֣ינַיָּ֔א וּפָ֣לְחֵ֔י בֵּ֖ית אֱלָהָ֣א דְנָ֑ה מִנְדָּ֤ה בְלוֹ֙ וַהֲלָ֔ךְ לָ֥א שַׁלִּ֖יט לְמִרְמֵ֥א עֲלֵיהֹֽם׃ | And we make it known to you that for all the priests and the Levites and the singers and the gatekeepers and the temple-servants and the worshippers in this house of God, it is not authorized to impose the levy of tax and excise on them. | worshippers in ← worshippers of. |
| Ezra 7:25 | וְאַ֣נְתְּ עֶזְרָ֗א כְּחָכְמַ֨ת אֱלָהָ֤ךְ דִּֽי־בִידָךְ֙ מֶ֣נִּי שָׁפְטִ֞ין וְדַיָּנִ֗ין דִּי־לֶהֱוֺ֤ן *דאנין **דָּאיְנִין֙ לְכָל־עַמָּה֙ דִּ֚י בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔ה לְכָל־יָדְעֵ֖י דָּתֵ֣י אֱלָהָ֑ךְ וְדִ֧י לָ֦א יָדַ֖ע תְּהוֹדְעֽוּן׃ | And you, Ezra, in accordance with the wisdom of your God, which is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates who will judge all the people on the far side of the river – all those who know the laws of your God. And teach those who do not know them. |
judge ← be judging. The ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
appoint ... teach: plural. |
| Ezra 7:26 | וְכָל־דִּי־לָא֩ לֶהֱוֵ֨א עָבֵ֜ד דָּתָ֣א דִֽי־אֱלָהָ֗ךְ וְדָתָא֙ דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֔א אָסְפַּ֕רְנָא דִּינָ֕ה לֶהֱוֵ֥א מִתְעֲבֵ֖ד מִנֵּ֑הּ הֵ֤ן לְמוֹת֙ הֵ֣ן *לשרשו **לִשְׁרֹשִׁ֔י הֵן־לַעֲנָ֥שׁ נִכְסִ֖ין וְלֶאֱסוּרִֽין׃ פ | And as for anyone who does not observe the law of your God and the law of the king, let justice be rigorously done with him, whether death or exile or confiscation of property or imprisonment.” |
exile: or, with [FR], corporal punishment. [BDB], [ST], banishment. [AnLx], rooting out. The ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
anyone ← everyone. |
| Ezra 7:27 | בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן כָּזֹאת֙ בְּלֵ֣ב הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְפָאֵ֕ר אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Blessed be the Lord God of our fathers who put this in the heart of the king, to adorn the house of the Lord which is in Jerusalem. |
The text reverts to Hebrew at this verse.
this ← such as this. |
| Ezra 7:28 | וְעָלַ֣י הִטָּה־חֶ֗סֶד לִפְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְיֽוֹעֲצָ֔יו וּלְכָל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַגִּבֹּרִ֑ים וַאֲנִ֣י הִתְחַזַּ֗קְתִּי כְּיַד־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהַי֙ עָלַ֔י וָאֶקְבְּצָ֧ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֛ל רָאשִׁ֖ים לַעֲל֥וֹת עִמִּֽי׃ פ | And he showed me kindness in the presence of the king and his advisers, and all the king's valiant commanders, and I was strengthened according to the hand of the Lord my God on me, and I gathered head men from Israel to go up with me. | showed me kindness ← inclined kindness over me. |
| Ezra 8:1 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֥י אֲבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֑ם הָעֹלִ֣ים עִמִּ֗י בְּמַלְכ֛וּת אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מִבָּבֶֽל׃ ס | Now these are their paternal heads and the registration by genealogy of those who went up with me from Babylon in the reign of Artaxerxes the king: | |
| Ezra 8:2 | מִבְּנֵ֤י פִֽינְחָס֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם ס מִבְּנֵ֥י אִיתָמָ֖ר דָּנִיֵּ֑אל ס מִבְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖יד חַטּֽוּשׁ׃ ס | of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom; of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel; of the sons of David, Hattush; | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| Ezra 8:3 | מִבְּנֵ֣י שְׁכַנְיָ֔ה ס מִבְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֖שׁ זְכַרְיָ֑ה וְעִמּ֛וֹ הִתְיַחֵ֥שׂ לִזְכָרִ֖ים מֵאָ֥ה וַחֲמִשִּֽׁים׃ ס | of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Parosh, Zechariah, and with him one hundred and fifty males were registered by genealogy; | Parosh: AV= Pharosh, the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Ezra 8:4 | מִבְּנֵי֙ פַּחַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב אֶלְיְהֽוֹעֵינַ֖י בֶּן־זְרַֽחְיָ֑ה וְעִמּ֖וֹ מָאתַ֥יִם הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | of the sons of Pahath-Moab, Eliehoenai the son of Zerahiah, and with him two hundred males; |
of the sons of: i.e. in the line of, here and in subsequent verses.
Eliehoenai: AV= Elihoenai. We distinguish it from Elioenai. Both have a consonantal yod. |
| Ezra 8:5 | מִבְּנֵ֥י שְׁכַנְיָ֖ה בֶּן־יַחֲזִיאֵ֑ל וְעִמּ֕וֹ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | of the sons of Shechaniah, the son of Jahaziel, and with him three hundred males; | |
| Ezra 8:6 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עָדִ֔ין עֶ֖בֶד בֶּן־יוֹנָתָ֑ן וְעִמּ֖וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Adin, Ebed the son of Jonathan, and with him were fifty males; | |
| Ezra 8:7 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עֵילָ֔ם יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖ה בֶּן־עֲתַלְיָ֑ה וְעִמּ֖וֹ שִׁבְעִ֥ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Elam, Isaiah the son of Athaliah, and with him were seventy males; | Isaiah: AV= Jeshaiah here. |
| Ezra 8:8 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י שְׁפַטְיָ֔ה זְבַדְיָ֖ה בֶּן־מִֽיכָאֵ֑ל וְעִמּ֖וֹ שְׁמֹנִ֥ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Shephatiah, Zebadiah the son of Michael, and with him were eighty males; | |
| Ezra 8:9 | מִבְּנֵ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב עֹבַדְיָ֖ה בֶּן־יְחִיאֵ֑ל וְעִמּ֕וֹ מָאתַ֛יִם וּשְׁמֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Joab, Obadiah the son of Jehiel, and with him were two hundred and eighteen males; | |
| Ezra 8:10 | וּמִבְּנֵ֥י שְׁלוֹמִ֖ית בֶּן־יוֹסִפְיָ֑ה וְעִמּ֕וֹ מֵאָ֥ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Shelomith, the son of Josiphiah, and with him one hundred and sixty males; | |
| Ezra 8:11 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י בֵבַ֔י זְכַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־בֵּבָ֑י וְעִמּ֕וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָ֖ה הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Bebai, Zechariah the son of Bebai, and with him twenty-eight males; | |
| Ezra 8:12 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַזְגָּ֔ד יוֹחָנָ֖ן בֶּן־הַקָּטָ֑ן וְעִמּ֕וֹ מֵאָ֥ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֖ה הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the sons of Azgad, Johanan the son of Hakkatan, and with him one hundred and ten males; | |
| Ezra 8:13 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִיקָם֮ אַחֲרֹנִים֒ וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֔ם אֱלִיפֶ֖לֶט יְעִיאֵ֣ל וּֽשְׁמַעְיָ֑ה וְעִמָּהֶ֖ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ ס | and of the last sons of Adonikam – these are their names – Eliphelet, Jeiel and Shemaiah, and with them sixty males; | |
| Ezra 8:14 | וּמִבְּנֵ֥י בִגְוַ֖י עוּתַ֣י *וזבוד **וְזַכּ֑וּר וְעִמּ֖וֹ שִׁבְעִ֥ים הַזְּכָרִֽים׃ פ | and of the sons of Bigvai, Uthai and {Q: Zaccur} [K: Zabbud], and with them were seventy males. | with them ← with him. |
| Ezra 8:15 | וָֽאֶקְבְּצֵ֗ם אֶל־הַנָּהָר֙ הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א וַנַּחֲנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֣ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה וָאָבִ֤ינָה בָעָם֙ וּבַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וּמִבְּנֵ֥י לֵוִ֖י לֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי שָֽׁם׃ | And I gathered them at the river which goes to Ahava, where we encamped for three days, and I took stock of the people and of the priests, and I did not find any sons of Levi there. | took stock of ← discerned among. |
| Ezra 8:16 | וָאֶשְׁלְחָ֡ה לֶאֱלִיעֶ֡זֶר לַאֲרִיאֵ֡ל לִֽ֠שְׁמַעְיָה וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּלְיָרִ֜יב וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֧ן וּלְנָתָ֛ן וְלִזְכַרְיָ֥ה וְלִמְשֻׁלָּ֖ם רָאשִׁ֑ים וּלְיוֹיָרִ֥יב וּלְאֶלְנָתָ֖ן מְבִינִֽים׃ | So I sent for Eliezer, Ariel, Shemaiah and Elnathan and Jarib and Elnathan and Nathan and Zechariah and Meshullam – head men – and for Joiarib and Elnathan – intelligent men. | |
| Ezra 8:17 | *ואוצאה **וָאֲצַוֶּ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ עַל־אִדּ֣וֹ הָרֹ֔אשׁ בְּכָסִפְיָ֖א הַמָּק֑וֹם וָאָשִׂימָה֩ בְּפִיהֶ֨ם דְּבָרִ֜ים לְ֠דַבֵּר אֶל־אִדּ֨וֹ אָחִ֤יו *הנתונים **הַנְּתִינִים֙ בְּכָסִפְיָ֣א הַמָּק֔וֹם לְהָֽבִיא־לָ֥נוּ מְשָׁרְתִ֖ים לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And {K: I sent them out} [Q: I ordered them to go] to Iddo the head man in Casiphia-the-Resort, and I put words in their mouth to say to Iddo and his brother, the temple-servants in Casiphia-the-Resort, to bring us servants for the house of our God. |
temple-servants: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
brother: AV differs (brethren). resort (2x) ← place. |
| Ezra 8:18 | וַיָּבִ֨יאּוּ לָ֜נוּ כְּיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֨ינוּ הַטּוֹבָ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ שֶׂ֔כֶל מִבְּנֵ֣י מַחְלִ֔י בֶּן־לֵוִ֖י בֶּן־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֛ה וּבָנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁמֹנָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | And with the good care of our God over us, they brought us a sensible man, one of the sons of Mahli the son of Levi the son of Israel, and Sherebiah and his sons and his brothers – eighteen of them, | with the good care ← as the good hand. |
| Ezra 8:19 | וְאֶת־חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה וְאִתּ֥וֹ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖ה מִבְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֑י אֶחָ֥יו וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם עֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | and Hashabiah, and with him Isaiah one of the sons of Merari, his brothers and their sons – twenty of them, | Isaiah: AV= Jeshaiah here. |
| Ezra 8:20 | וּמִן־הַנְּתִינִ֗ים שֶׁנָּתַ֨ן דָּוִ֤יד וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ לַעֲבֹדַ֣ת הַלְוִיִּ֔ם נְתִינִ֖ים מָאתַ֣יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֖ם נִקְּב֥וּ בְשֵׁמֽוֹת׃ | and of the temple-servants whom David and the officials appointed for the work of the Levites – two hundred and twenty temple-servants – all of them specified by their names. | |
| Ezra 8:21 | וָאֶקְרָ֨א שָׁ֥ם צוֹם֙ עַל־הַנָּהָ֣ר אַהֲוָ֔א לְהִתְעַנּ֖וֹת לִפְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְשָׁרָ֔ה לָ֥נוּ וּלְטַפֵּ֖נוּ וּלְכָל־רְכוּשֵֽׁנוּ׃ | And I called a fast there, at the River Ahava, to afflict ourselves before our God, and to seek the right way from him, for us and for our little ones and all that belong to us. | that belong to us ← our property, presumably referring to servants. |
| Ezra 8:22 | כִּ֣י בֹ֗שְׁתִּי לִשְׁא֤וֹל מִן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ חַ֣יִל וּפָרָשִׁ֔ים לְעָזְרֵ֥נוּ מֵאוֹיֵ֖ב בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ כִּֽי־אָמַ֨רְנוּ לַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֗ר יַד־אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ עַל־כָּל־מְבַקְשָׁיו֙ לְטוֹבָ֔ה וְעֻזּ֣וֹ וְאַפּ֔וֹ עַ֖ל כָּל־עֹזְבָֽיו׃ | For I was ashamed to ask for soldiers and horsemen from the king to help protect us from an enemy on the way, for we had spoken to the king and said, “The hand of our God is favourably on all who seek him, but his vehemence and anger are on all who desert him.” | |
| Ezra 8:23 | וַנָּצ֛וּמָה וַנְּבַקְשָׁ֥ה מֵאֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַל־זֹ֑את וַיֵּעָתֵ֖ר לָֽנוּ׃ | So we fasted and asked our God about this, and he was entreated by us. | |
| Ezra 8:24 | וָאַבְדִּ֛ילָה מִשָּׂרֵ֥י הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֑ר לְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֣ה חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה וְעִמָּהֶ֥ם מֵאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃ | Then I separated twelve of the high-ranking priests, Sherebiah, Hashabiah and ten of their brothers with them. | |
| Ezra 8:25 | *ואשקולה **וָאֶשְׁקֳלָ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֥סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב וְאֶת־הַכֵּלִ֑ים תְּרוּמַ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ הַהֵרִ֙ימוּ֙ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְיֹעֲצָ֣יו וְשָׂרָ֔יו וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַנִּמְצָאִֽים׃ | And I weighed out to them the silver and the gold and the articles – the gifts for the house of our God which the king and his advisers and his officials and all Israel who were present had donated. |
weighed out: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
which: an interesting case of the definite article as a relative with the past tense. See [Ges-HG] §138i. were present ← were found. |
| Ezra 8:26 | וָאֶשְׁקֲלָ֨ה עַל־יָדָ֜ם כֶּ֗סֶף כִּכָּרִים֙ שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֔ים וּכְלֵי־כֶ֥סֶף מֵאָ֖ה לְכִכָּרִ֑ים זָהָ֖ב מֵאָ֥ה כִכָּֽר׃ | And I weighed out into their hands six hundred and fifty talents of silver, and silver articles to the value of one hundred talents, and one hundred talents of gold, |
hands ← hand.
talents (3x): see Ex 25:39. |
| Ezra 8:27 | וּכְפֹרֵ֤י זָהָב֙ עֶשְׂרִ֔ים לַאֲדַרְכֹנִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וּכְלֵ֨י נְחֹ֜שֶׁת מֻצְהָ֤ב טוֹבָה֙ שְׁנַ֔יִם חֲמוּדֹ֖ת כַּזָּהָֽב׃ | and twenty golden bowls, to the value of one thousand darics, and two articles of high quality gold-coloured copper, as sought after as gold. |
darics: a daric is a gold coin.
high quality ← good. gold-coloured copper: copper and silver can be alloyed to a reddish gold colour. Adding gold yellows the colour. sought after ← desirable. |
| Ezra 8:28 | וָאֹמְרָ֣ה אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֥ם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וְהַכֵּלִ֖ים קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְהַכֶּ֤סֶף וְהַזָּהָב֙ נְדָבָ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ | And I said to them, “You are holy to the Lord, and the articles are holy, and the silver and the gold are a freewill-offering to the Lord God of your fathers. | holy (2x) ← holiness. |
| Ezra 8:29 | שִׁקְד֣וּ וְשִׁמְר֗וּ עַֽד־תִּשְׁקְל֡וּ לִפְנֵי֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֛ם וְשָׂרֵֽי־הָאָב֥וֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הַלִּשְׁכ֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Watch over it and guard it until you weigh it before the high-ranking priests and the Levites and the paternal officials of Israel in Jerusalem, in the offices of the house of the Lord.” | |
| Ezra 8:30 | וְקִבְּלוּ֙ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִשְׁקַ֛ל הַכֶּ֥סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֖ב וְהַכֵּלִ֑ים לְהָבִ֥יא לִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ פ | So the priests and the Levites took the weighed-out amount of silver and gold and the articles, to bring them to Jerusalem, to the house of our God. | weighed-out amount of ← weight. |
| Ezra 8:31 | וַֽנִּסְעָ֞ה מִנְּהַ֣ר אַֽהֲוָ֗א בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן לָלֶ֖כֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָיְתָ֣ה עָלֵ֔ינוּ וַיַּ֨צִּילֵ֔נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אוֹיֵ֛ב וְאוֹרֵ֖ב עַל־הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ | Then we set off from the River Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go to Jerusalem. And the hand of our God was on us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy and the ambusher along the road. | hand ← palm. |
| Ezra 8:32 | וַנָּב֖וֹא יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַנֵּ֥שֶׁב שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֥ים שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And we arrived in Jerusalem, and we stayed there for three days. | |
| Ezra 8:33 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֡י נִשְׁקַ֣ל הַכֶּסֶף֩ וְהַזָּהָ֨ב וְהַכֵּלִ֜ים בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עַ֠ל יַד־מְרֵמ֤וֹת בֶּן־אֽוּרִיָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְעִמּ֖וֹ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר בֶּן־פִּֽינְחָ֑ס וְעִמָּהֶ֞ם יוֹזָבָ֧ד בֶּן־יֵשׁ֛וּעַ וְנֽוֹעַדְיָ֥ה בֶן־בִּנּ֖וּי הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | Then on the fourth day, the silver and the gold and the articles were weighed in the house of our God by Meremoth the son of Uriah the priest, and with him was Eleazar the son of Phinehas, and with them were Jozabad the son of Jeshua and Noadiah the son of Binnui, the Levites. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Phinehas: Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 8:34 | בְּמִסְפָּ֥ר בְּמִשְׁקָ֖ל לַכֹּ֑ל וַיִּכָּתֵ֥ב כָּֽל־הַמִּשְׁקָ֖ל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ פ | Everything was done by number and by weight, and the entire weight was written down at that time. | |
| Ezra 8:35 | הַ֠בָּאִים מֵֽהַשְּׁבִ֨י בְנֵֽי־הַגּוֹלָ֜ה הִקְרִ֥יבוּ עֹל֣וֹת ׀ לֵאלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּרִ֨ים שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵילִ֣ים ׀ תִּשְׁעִ֣ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֗ה כְּבָשִׂים֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים וְשִׁבְעָ֔ה צְפִירֵ֥י חַטָּ֖את שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֑ר הַכֹּ֖ל עוֹלָ֥ה לַיהוָֽה׃ פ | Those who came back from captivity – the deportees – made burnt offerings to the God of Israel: twelve bulls for all Israel, ninety-six rams, seventy-seven lambs and twelve goats as a sin-offering. Everything was a burnt offering to the Lord. |
deportees ← sons of deportation.
made ← offered. |
| Ezra 8:36 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֣וּ ׀ אֶת־דָּתֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּפַחֲו֖וֹת עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְנִשְּׂא֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם וְאֶת־בֵּֽית־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס | And the king's edicts were delivered to the king's satraps and the governors of the region on the far side of the river, and they supported the people and the house of God. | the king's edicts were delivered ← they delivered the king's edicts. Avoidance of the passive, and in English avoiding ambiguity about the antecedent to they. |
| Ezra 9:1 | וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת אֵ֗לֶּה נִגְּשׁ֨וּ אֵלַ֤י הַשָּׂרִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־נִבְדְּל֞וּ הָעָ֤ם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מֵעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּ֠תוֹעֲבֹֽתֵיהֶם לַכְּנַעֲנִ֨י הַחִתִּ֜י הַפְּרִזִּ֣י הַיְבוּסִ֗י הָֽעַמֹּנִי֙ הַמֹּ֣אָבִ֔י הַמִּצְרִ֖י וְהָאֱמֹרִֽי׃ | And when these had discharged their duties, the officials approached me and said, “The people of Israel and the priests and the Levites have not separated themselves from the peoples of the various countries, with their abominations – those of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Ammonite, the Moabite, the Egyptian and the Amorite. |
these had discharged: AV differs technically (these things were done), not recognizing the transitive verb (piel).
with ← according to. Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Ezra 9:2 | כִּֽי־נָשְׂא֣וּ מִבְּנֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם לָהֶם֙ וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהִתְעָֽרְבוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ בְּעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְיַ֧ד הַשָּׂרִ֣ים וְהַסְּגָנִ֗ים הָֽיְתָ֛ה בַּמַּ֥עַל הַזֶּ֖ה רִאשׁוֹנָֽה׃ ס | For they have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and for their sons, and they have mixed holy seed with the peoples of the various countries. And the involvement of the officials and the administrators was first in this perverseness.” |
mixed: not strictly transitive, mixed themselves (as).
involvement ← hand. |
| Ezra 9:3 | וּכְשָׁמְעִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה קָרַ֥עְתִּי אֶת־בִּגְדִ֖י וּמְעִילִ֑י וָאֶמְרְטָ֞ה מִשְּׂעַ֤ר רֹאשִׁי֙ וּזְקָנִ֔י וָאֵשְׁבָ֖ה מְשׁוֹמֵֽם׃ | And when I heard this matter, I tore my clothes and my coat, and I pulled the hair out of my head and my chin, and I sat down devastated. | pulled the hair out of my head and my chin ← plucked from the hair of my head and chin / beard. |
| Ezra 9:4 | וְאֵלַ֣י יֵאָסְפ֗וּ כֹּ֤ל חָרֵד֙ בְּדִבְרֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ל מַ֣עַל הַגּוֹלָ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב מְשׁוֹמֵ֔ם עַ֖ד לְמִנְחַ֥ת הָעָֽרֶב׃ | Then all who trembled at the words of the God of Israel concerning the perverseness of the deportees gathered around me as I sat devastated, until the evening offering. |
trembled: or were fearful.
around ← to. |
| Ezra 9:5 | וּבְמִנְחַ֣ת הָעֶ֗רֶב קַ֚מְתִּי מִתַּֽעֲנִיתִ֔י וּבְקָרְעִ֥י בִגְדִ֖י וּמְעִילִ֑י וָֽאֶכְרְעָה֙ עַל־בִּרְכַּ֔י וָאֶפְרְשָׂ֥ה כַפַּ֖י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | At the evening offering I arose from my humbled state, and having torn my clothes and my coat, I bowed down on my knees and stretched my hands out to the Lord my God. | |
| Ezra 9:6 | וָאֹמְרָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ בֹּ֣שְׁתִּי וְנִכְלַ֔מְתִּי לְהָרִ֧ים אֱלֹהַ֛י פָּנַ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤ינוּ רָבוּ֙ לְמַ֣עְלָה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְאַשְׁמָתֵ֥נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And I said, “O God of mine, I am ashamed and unworthy to lift up, O God of mine, my face to you, for our iniquities have risen above our head, and our guilt extends to heaven. |
unworthy ← ashamed, dishonoured.
risen ← become many. extends ← is great, has grown. |
| Ezra 9:7 | מִימֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ בְּאַשְׁמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֡ינוּ נִתַּ֡נּוּ אֲנַחְנוּ֩ מְלָכֵ֨ינוּ כֹהֲנֵ֜ינוּ בְּיַ֣ד ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֲרָצ֗וֹת בַּחֶ֜רֶב בַּשְּׁבִ֧י וּבַבִּזָּ֛ה וּבְבֹ֥שֶׁת פָּנִ֖ים כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | We have been highly guilty from the days of our fathers up to this day, and for our iniquities we – our kings and our priests – have been delivered into the hands of the kings of the various countries, by the sword and in captivity and through spoil and with shamefacedness, as on this day. |
highly guilty ← in great guilt.
by ... in ... through ... with ← בְּ ... בְּ ... בְּ ... בְּ (the same preposition in each case). |
| Ezra 9:8 | וְעַתָּ֡ה כִּמְעַט־רֶגַע֩ הָיְתָ֨ה תְחִנָּ֜ה מֵאֵ֣ת ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ לְהַשְׁאִ֥יר לָ֙נוּ֙ פְּלֵיטָ֔ה וְלָתֶת־לָ֥נוּ יָתֵ֖ד בִּמְק֣וֹם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ לְהָאִ֤יר עֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וּלְתִתֵּ֛נוּ מִֽחְיָ֥ה מְעַ֖ט בְּעַבְדֻתֵֽנוּ׃ | But now, in a short moment, grace has come from the Lord our God in leaving us an escaped remnant, and in giving us a tent-peg hold in his holy place, and in our God enlightening our eyes and in reanimating us a little in our enslavement. |
in leaving ... in giving ... in ... enlightening ... in reanimating: gerundial use of the infinitive. Enlightening in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence.
a tent-peg hold: i.e. a foothold. his holy place ← the place of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. in reanimating ← in giving ... preservation of life. |
| Ezra 9:9 | כִּֽי־עֲבָדִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וּבְעַבְדֻ֔תֵנוּ לֹ֥א עֲזָבָ֖נוּ אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽיַּט־עָלֵ֣ינוּ חֶ֡סֶד לִפְנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י פָרַ֜ס לָֽתֶת־לָ֣נוּ מִֽחְיָ֗ה לְרוֹמֵ֞ם אֶת־בֵּ֤ית אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהַעֲמִ֣יד אֶת־חָרְבֹתָ֔יו וְלָֽתֶת־לָ֣נוּ גָדֵ֔ר בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | For we are slaves, but our God has not abandoned us in our enslavement, and he has shown us kindness from the kings of Persia in reanimating us to raise up the house of our God, and to restore it from its ruins, and in giving us a wall in Judah and Jerusalem. |
shown ← extended.
from ← before. restore it ← make (it) stand. in giving: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezra 9:10 | וְעַתָּ֛ה מַה־נֹּאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אַֽחֲרֵי־זֹ֑את כִּ֥י עָזַ֖בְנוּ מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ | And now, what can we say, O God of ours, after this, for we have abandoned your commandments | |
| Ezra 9:11 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֗יתָ בְּיַ֨ד עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֤ם בָּאִים֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ אֶ֤רֶץ נִדָּה֙ הִ֔יא בְּנִדַּ֖ת עַמֵּ֣י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת בְּתוֹעֲבֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלְא֛וּהָ מִפֶּ֥ה אֶל־פֶּ֖ה בְּטֻמְאָתָֽם׃ | which you gave through the intermediacy of your servants the prophets, saying, ‘The land into which you are coming, to inherit it, is a filthy land with the filth of the peoples of the various countries, with their abominations with which they have filled it from end to end in their uncleanness. |
gave ← commanded.
intermediacy ← hand. filthy land ← land of filth, a Hebraic genitive. with which they: or which, or, possibly, who. end to end ← mouth to mouth. |
| Ezra 9:12 | וְ֠עַתָּה בְּֽנוֹתֵיכֶ֞ם אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִדְרְשׁ֧וּ שְׁלֹמָ֛ם וְטוֹבָתָ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וַאֲכַלְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ט֣וּב הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | So now, do not give your daughters to their sons, and do not take their daughters for your sons, and do not seek their peace or their welfare, throughout the age, in order that you may prevail and eat the good produce of the land, and bequeath it to your sons age-abidingly.’ | |
| Ezra 9:13 | וְאַֽחֲרֵי֙ כָּל־הַבָּ֣א עָלֵ֔ינוּ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֙ינוּ֙ הָרָעִ֔ים וּבְאַשְׁמָתֵ֖נוּ הַגְּדֹלָ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ חָשַׂ֤כְתָּֽ לְמַ֙טָּה֙ מֵֽעֲוֺנֵ֔נוּ וְנָתַ֥תָּה לָּ֛נוּ פְּלֵיטָ֖ה כָּזֹֽאת׃ | And after everything that has come over us for our evil works and for our great guilt, since you, our God, have been lenient with our iniquities and have given us this very escaped remnant, |
have been lenient with our iniquities ← spared downwards from our iniquities.
this very escaped remnant ← an escaped remnant as this. But see [Ges-HG] §118x. |
| Ezra 9:14 | הֲנָשׁוּב֙ לְהָפֵ֣ר מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ וּ֨לְהִתְחַתֵּ֔ן בְּעַמֵּ֥י הַתֹּעֵב֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲל֤וֹא תֶֽאֱנַף־בָּ֙נוּ֙ עַד־כַּלֵּ֔ה לְאֵ֥ין שְׁאֵרִ֖ית וּפְלֵיטָֽה׃ פ | how could we go back and break your commandments by intermarrying with the various peoples of these abominations? Would you not be incensed at us to the extent of finishing us off without remainder or escaped remnant? |
by intermarrying: gerundial use of the infinitive.
be incensed ← snort. Compare Mark 14:5 and LXX of Lam 2:6. |
| Ezra 9:15 | יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ צַדִּ֣יק אַ֔תָּה כִּֽי־נִשְׁאַ֥רְנוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה כְּהַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנְנ֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּאַשְׁמָתֵ֔ינוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין לַעֲמ֛וֹד לְפָנֶ֖יךָ עַל־זֹֽאת׃ פ | O Lord God of Israel, you are righteous, for we remain an escaped remnant on this very day. Here we are before you in our guilt, for there are no grounds for standing before you on account of this.” |
on this very day ← as this day. Compare Ezra 9:13.
here we are ← behold us. for standing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Ezra 10:1 | וּכְהִתְפַּלֵּ֤ל עֶזְרָא֙ וּכְ֨הִתְוַדֹּת֔וֹ בֹּכֶה֙ וּמִתְנַפֵּ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים נִקְבְּצוּ֩ אֵלָ֨יו מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֜ל קָהָ֣ל רַב־מְאֹ֗ד אֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ וִֽילָדִ֔ים כִּֽי־בָכ֥וּ הָעָ֖ם הַרְבֵּה־בֶֽכֶה׃ ס | And as Ezra was praying, and as he was confessing, weeping, and prostrating himself before the house of God, a very large convocation of men and women and children of Israel gathered around him. For the people wept with many tears. |
gathered around ← gathered to.
many tears ← much weeping. |
| Ezra 10:2 | וַיַּעַן֩ שְׁכַנְיָ֨ה בֶן־יְחִיאֵ֜ל מִבְּנֵ֤י *עולם **עֵילָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֶזְרָ֔א אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ מָעַ֣לְנוּ בֵאלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַנֹּ֛שֶׁב נָשִׁ֥ים נָכְרִיּ֖וֹת מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעַתָּ֛ה יֵשׁ־מִקְוֶ֥ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַל־זֹֽאת׃ | And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of {Q: Elam} [K: Olam], started to speak and said to Ezra, “We have acted treacherously against our God, and we have brought foreign women from the various countries into our homes, but now there is hope for Israel despite this. |
started to speak ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27.
brought ... into our homes ← caused to dwell. despite: a sense supported (but quoting other verses) by [BDB] II.1.f.(f) (p.754, col.2). |
| Ezra 10:3 | וְעַתָּ֣ה נִֽכְרָת־בְּרִ֣ית לֵ֠אלֹהֵינוּ לְהוֹצִ֨יא כָל־נָשִׁ֜ים וְהַנּוֹלָ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ בַּעֲצַ֣ת אֲדֹנָ֔י וְהַחֲרֵדִ֖ים בְּמִצְוַ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְכַתּוֹרָ֖ה יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃ | So now, let us make a covenant with our God to remove all the women and those born by them, in line with the advice of the Lord* and those who tremble at the commandment of our God, and let it be done according to the law. |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
make ← cut. tremble: or are fearful. |
| Ezra 10:4 | ק֛וּם כִּֽי־עָלֶ֥יךָ הַדָּבָ֖ר וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ עִמָּ֑ךְ חֲזַ֖ק וַעֲשֵֽׂה׃ פ | Get up, for the matter is your responsibility. And we are with you. Be strong and act.” | your responsibility ← (incumbent) on you. |
| Ezra 10:5 | וַיָּ֣קָם עֶזְרָ֡א וַיַּשְׁבַּ֣ע אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים הַלְוִיִּ֜ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה וַיִּשָּׁבֵֽעוּ׃ | And Ezra got up and adjured the high-ranking priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to act according to these words. And they swore. | |
| Ezra 10:6 | וַיָּ֣קָם עֶזְרָ֗א מִלִּפְנֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ אֶל־לִשְׁכַּ֖ת יְהוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִׁ֑יב וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שָׁ֗ם לֶ֤חֶם לֹֽא־אָכַל֙ וּמַ֣יִם לֹֽא־שָׁתָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִתְאַבֵּ֖ל עַל־מַ֥עַל הַגּוֹלָֽה׃ ס | Then Ezra got up from his position before the house of God, and he went to the office of Jehohanan the son of Eliashib. Having arrived there, he did not eat bread and he did not drink water, because he was mourning over the perverseness of the deportees. |
Jehohanan: AV= Johanan here and 2 other places, but not in 6 other places.
deportees ← deportation. |
| Ezra 10:7 | וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֜וֹל בִּיהוּדָ֣ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם לְכֹל֙ בְּנֵ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֔ה לְהִקָּבֵ֖ץ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And they had it proclaimed in Judah and Jerusalem for all the deportees to be gathered in Jerusalem. |
had it proclaimed ← caused a voice to pass through.
deportees ← sons of deportation. |
| Ezra 10:8 | וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָב֜וֹא לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֗ים כַּעֲצַ֤ת הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְהַזְּקֵנִ֔ים יָחֳרַ֖ם כָּל־רְכוּשׁ֑וֹ וְה֥וּא יִבָּדֵ֖ל מִקְּהַ֥ל הַגּוֹלָֽה׃ ס | And that as for anyone who did not come within three days according to the advice of the officials and elders, all his property would be confiscated, and he would be excluded from the convocation of the deportees. |
anyone ← everyone.
excluded ← separated. |
| Ezra 10:9 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ כָל־אַנְשֵֽׁי־יְהוּדָה֩ וּבִנְיָמִ֨ן ׀ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֗ים ה֛וּא חֹ֥דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִ֖י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים בַּחֹ֑דֶשׁ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ כָל־הָעָ֗ם בִּרְחוֹב֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מַרְעִידִ֥ים עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר וּמֵהַגְּשָׁמִֽים׃ פ | At this all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered in Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month, and all the people sat in the open at the house of God, trembling at the matter and because of the rain. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
rain ← rains. |
| Ezra 10:10 | וַיָּ֨קָם עֶזְרָ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֣ם מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם וַתֹּשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת לְהוֹסִ֖יף עַל־אַשְׁמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then Ezra the priest arose and said to them, “You have acted perversely and brought foreign women into your homes, so adding to Israel's guilt. | brought ... into your homes: see Ezra 10:2. |
| Ezra 10:11 | וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנ֥וּ תוֹדָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רְצוֹנ֑וֹ וְהִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמִן־הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ | So now, make a confession to the Lord God of your fathers and do his will, and separate yourselves from the various peoples of the land, and from foreign women.” | |
| Ezra 10:12 | וַיַּֽעְנ֧וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֛ל וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל כֵּ֛ן *כדבריך **כִּדְבָרְךָ֥ עָלֵ֖ינוּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | And the whole convocation answered and said in a loud voice, “We must indeed act according to your {K: words} [Q: word]. | we must ← (it is incumbent) on us. |
| Ezra 10:13 | אֲבָ֞ל הָעָ֥ם רָב֙ וְהָעֵ֣ת גְּשָׁמִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲמ֣וֹד בַּח֑וּץ וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה לֹֽא־לְי֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ וְלֹ֣א לִשְׁנַ֔יִם כִּֽי־הִרְבִּ֥ינוּ לִפְשֹׁ֖עַ בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | But the people are many and it is the season of rain, and we do not have the fortitude to endure outside, and the operation is not a matter of one day, nor is it of two, for we have transgressed greatly in this matter. |
rain ← rains.
endure ← stand. transgressed greatly ← done much to transgress. |
| Ezra 10:14 | יַֽעֲמְדוּ־נָ֣א שָׂ֠רֵינוּ לְֽכָל־הַקָּהָ֞ל וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּעָרֵ֗ינוּ הַהֹשִׁ֞יב נָשִׁ֤ים נָכְרִיּוֹת֙ יָבֹא֙ לְעִתִּ֣ים מְזֻמָּנִ֔ים וְעִמָּהֶ֛ם זִקְנֵי־עִ֥יר וָעִ֖יר וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יהָ עַ֠ד לְהָשִׁ֞יב חֲר֤וֹן אַף־אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עַ֖ד לַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | Please let our officials of the whole convocation superintend, and let everyone who has brought foreign women into his home in our cities come at appointed times, and with them the elders of each city, with its judges, until the fury of our God's anger is averted from us – until this matter is over.” |
superintend ← stand. See next verse.
brought ... into his home: see Ezra 10:2. each city ← city and city. is averted ← to avert, transitive, i.e. God averts. |
| Ezra 10:15 | אַ֣ךְ יוֹנָתָ֧ן בֶּן־עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְיַחְזְיָ֥ה בֶן־תִּקְוָ֖ה עָמְד֣וּ עַל־זֹ֑את וּמְשֻׁלָּ֛ם וְשַׁבְּתַ֥י הַלֵּוִ֖י עֲזָרֻֽם׃ | And indeed it was Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahziah the son of Tikvah who superintended this, while Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. |
indeed ← surely; but. On disagreement on the force of אַךְ elsewhere, see [BDB].
Jahziah: AV differs in vocalization, Jahaziah. superintended ← stood over. The same verb as in the previous verse. Many others translate differently. |
| Ezra 10:16 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֮ בְּנֵ֣י הַגּוֹלָה֒ וַיִּבָּדְלוּ֩ עֶזְרָ֨א הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֲנָשִׁ֨ים רָאשֵׁ֧י הָאָב֛וֹת לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖ם וְכֻלָּ֣ם בְּשֵׁמ֑וֹת וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בְּי֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔י לְדַרְי֖וֹשׁ הַדָּבָֽר׃ | So the deportees did this. And Ezra the priest, and men who were paternal heads of their paternal house were all separated by name, and they sat on the first day of the tenth month to investigate the matter. |
deportees ← sons of deportation.
this ← thus. name ← names. |
| Ezra 10:17 | וַיְכַלּ֣וּ בַכֹּ֔ל אֲנָשִׁ֕ים הַהֹשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת עַ֛ד י֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ פ | And they finished investigating all the men who had brought foreign women into their homes by the first day of the first month. |
brought ... into their homes: see Ezra 10:2.
by the first day ← until the first day. |
| Ezra 10:18 | וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת מִבְּנֵ֨י יֵשׁ֤וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָק֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ וֶֽאֱלִיעֶ֔זֶר וְיָרִ֖יב וּגְדַלְיָֽה׃ | And among the sons of the priests who had brought foreign women into their homes, the following were found: of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and the sons of his brothers were Maaseiah and Eliezer and Jarib and Gedaliah, |
among ← from. Similarly in the rest of this chapter.
brought ... into their homes: see Ezra 10:2. Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Ezra 10:19 | וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ יָדָ֖ם לְהוֹצִ֣יא נְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם וַאֲשֵׁמִ֥ים אֵֽיל־צֹ֖אן עַל־אַשְׁמָתָֽם׃ ס | and they pledged to remove their wives, and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their guilt. | pledged ← gave their hand. |
| Ezra 10:20 | וּמִבְּנֵ֣י אִמֵּ֔ר חֲנָ֖נִי וּזְבַדְיָֽה׃ ס | And among the sons of Immer were Hanani and Zebadiah; | |
| Ezra 10:21 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י חָרִ֑ם מַעֲשֵׂיָ֤ה וְאֵֽלִיָּה֙ וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה וִיחִיאֵ֖ל וְעֻזִיָּֽה׃ | and among the sons of Harim were Maaseiah and Elijah and Shemaiah and Jehiel and Uzziah; | Uzziah ← Uziah. See 2 Ki 15:13. |
| Ezra 10:22 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י פַּשְׁח֑וּר אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֤י מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל נְתַנְאֵ֔ל יוֹזָבָ֖ד וְאֶלְעָשָֽׂה׃ ס | and among the sons of Pashhur were Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethaneel, Jozabad and Elasah; |
Pashhur: see Jer 20:1.
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4. Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Ezra 10:23 | וּמִֽן־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם יוֹזָבָ֣ד וְשִׁמְעִ֗י וְקֵֽלָיָה֙ ה֣וּא קְלִיטָ֔א פְּתַֽחְיָ֥ה יְהוּדָ֖ה וֶאֱלִיעֶֽזֶר׃ ס | and among the Levites were Jozabad and Shimei and Kelaiah (he is Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah and Eliezer; | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| Ezra 10:24 | וּמִן־הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים אֶלְיָשִׁ֑יב וּמִן־הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים שַׁלֻּ֥ם וָטֶ֖לֶם וְאוּרִֽי׃ ס | and among the singers was Eliashib; and among the gatekeepers were Shallum and Telem and Uri; | |
| Ezra 10:25 | וּמִֽיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֡שׁ רַ֠מְיָה וְיִזִּיָּ֤ה וּמַלְכִּיָּה֙ וּמִיָּמִ֣ן וְאֶלְעָזָ֔ר וּמַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וּבְנָיָֽה׃ ס | and among Israel, among the sons of Parosh were Ramiah and Jiziah and Malchijah and Miamin and Eleazar and Malchijah and Benaiah; |
Jiziah: AV= Jeziah.
Malchijah ... Malchijah: AV differs (Malchiah ... Malchijah), but the Hebrew is identical. See Jer 21:1. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| Ezra 10:26 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י עֵילָ֑ם מַתַּנְיָ֤ה זְכַרְיָה֙ וִיחִיאֵ֣ל וְעַבְדִּ֔י וִירֵמ֖וֹת וְאֵלִיָּֽה׃ ס | and among the sons of Elam were Mattaniah, Zechariah and Jehiel and Abdi and Jeremoth and Eliah; | |
| Ezra 10:27 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י זַתּ֑וּא אֶלְיוֹעֵנַ֤י אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ מַתַּנְיָ֣ה וִֽירֵמ֔וֹת וְזָבָ֖ד וַעֲזִיזָֽא׃ ס | and among the sons of Zattu were Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah and Jeremoth and Zabad and Aziza; |
Zattu: see Neh 10:15 (Neh 10:14AV).
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4. |
| Ezra 10:28 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י בֵּבָ֑י יְהוֹחָנָ֥ן חֲנַנְיָ֖ה זַבַּ֥י עַתְלָֽי׃ ס | and among the sons of Bebai were Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai and Athlai; | |
| Ezra 10:29 | וּמִבְּנֵ֖י בָּנִ֑י מְשֻׁלָּ֤ם מַלּוּךְ֙ וַעֲדָיָ֔ה יָשׁ֖וּב וּשְׁאָ֥ל *ירמות **וְרָמֽוֹת׃ ס | and among the sons of Bani were Meshullam, Malluch and Adaiah, Jashub and Sheal {K: and Jeremoth} [Q: and Ramoth]; | |
| Ezra 10:30 | וּמִבְּנֵ֛י פַּחַ֥ת מוֹאָ֖ב עַדְנָ֣א וּכְלָ֑ל בְּנָיָ֤ה מַעֲשֵׂיָה֙ מַתַּנְיָ֣ה בְצַלְאֵ֔ל וּבִנּ֖וּי וּמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ ס | and among the sons of Pahath-Moab were Adna and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel and Binnui and Manasseh; |
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2.
Manasseh: see Gen 41.51. |
| Ezra 10:31 | וּבְנֵ֖י חָרִ֑ם אֱלִיעֶ֧זֶר יִשִּׁיָּ֛ה מַלְכִּיָּ֖ה שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃ | and among the sons of Harim were Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimon, |
Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1.
Shimon ← Shim'on. AV= Shimeon, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Ezra 10:32 | בְּנְיָמִ֥ן מַלּ֖וּךְ שְׁמַרְיָֽה׃ ס | Benjamin, Malluch and Shemariah; | |
| Ezra 10:33 | מִבְּנֵ֖י חָשֻׁ֑ם מַתְּנַ֤י מַתַּתָּה֙ זָבָ֣ד אֱלִיפֶ֔לֶט יְרֵמַ֥י מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה שִׁמְעִֽי׃ ס | among the sons of Hashum were Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh and Shimei; |
Mattattah: AV= Mattathah.
Manasseh: see Gen 41.51. Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| Ezra 10:34 | מִבְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔י מַעֲדַ֥י עַמְרָ֖ם וְאוּאֵֽל׃ ס | among the sons of Bani were Maadai, Amram and Uel, | |
| Ezra 10:35 | בְּנָיָ֥ה בֵדְיָ֖ה *כלהי **כְּלֽוּהוּ׃ | Benaiah, Bedeiah, {K: Chelahai} [Q: Cheluhu], | AV= Chelluh, based on the qeré. |
| Ezra 10:36 | וַנְיָ֥ה מְרֵמ֖וֹת אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב׃ | Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib, | |
| Ezra 10:37 | מַתַּנְיָ֥ה מַתְּנַ֖י *ויעשו **וְיַעֲשָֽׂי׃ | Mattaniah, Mattenai and {Q: Jaasai} [K: Jaasu], | AV= Jaasau, a mixture of the ketiv and qeré. Compare 1 Chr 7:31 etc. |
| Ezra 10:38 | וּבָנִ֥י וּבִנּ֖וּי שִׁמְעִֽי׃ | and Bani and Binnui and Shimei, | Shimei: see 2 Sam 16:5. |
| Ezra 10:39 | וְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֥ה וְנָתָ֖ן וַעֲדָיָֽה׃ | and Shelemiah and Nathan and Adaiah, | |
| Ezra 10:40 | מַכְנַדְבַ֥י שָׁשַׁ֖י שָׁרָֽי׃ | Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, | Machnadebai: or Machnadbai. MT ambiguous (closed syllable but no dagesh lene). See Gen 31:21. |
| Ezra 10:41 | עֲזַרְאֵ֥ל וְשֶׁלֶמְיָ֖הוּ שְׁמַרְיָֽה׃ | Azarel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah, | Azarel ← Azar'el. AV= Azareel, not recognizing that the middle syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Ezra 10:42 | שַׁלּ֥וּם אֲמַרְיָ֖ה יוֹסֵֽף׃ ס | Shallum, Amariah and Joseph. | |
| Ezra 10:43 | מִבְּנֵ֖י נְב֑וֹ יְעִיאֵ֤ל מַתִּתְיָה֙ זָבָ֣ד זְבִינָ֔א *ידו **יַדַּ֥י וְיוֹאֵ֖ל בְּנָיָֽה׃ | Among the sons of Nebo were Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, {Q: Jaddai} [K: Jaddo] and Joel and Benaiah. | AV= Jaddau, a mixture of the ketiv and qeré. Compare 1 Chr 7:31 etc. |
| Ezra 10:44 | כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה *נשאי **נָשְׂא֖וּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת וְיֵ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֣ם נָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בָּנִֽים׃ פ | All these married foreign women, and there are among them women by whom they begot sons. |
married: Codex Leningradensis appears to have an in situ correction from נשאי to נָשְׂאוּ, with a qeré of נשאו.
among them: referring to the women. Discordant, but that is frequent in Hebrew, especially in disregard of feminine plural suffixes. begot ← set. |
| Neh 1:1 | דִּבְרֵ֥י נְחֶמְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חֲכַלְיָ֑ה וַיְהִ֤י בְחֹֽדֶשׁ־*כסלו **כִּסְלֵיו֙ שְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃ | The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass, in the month of Kislev, in the twentieth year, that I was in the citadel of Shushan, | Kislev: AV= Chisleu, but we use the modern English name. The ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. Around December. |
| Neh 1:2 | וַיָּבֹ֨א חֲנָ֜נִי אֶחָ֧ד מֵאַחַ֛י ה֥וּא וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וָאֶשְׁאָלֵ֞ם עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ מִן־הַשֶּׁ֖בִי וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | and Hanani, who is one of my brothers, and some men from Judah came, and I asked them about the escaped remnant of Jews who were left behind avoiding the captivity, and about Jerusalem. | avoiding the captivity ← from the captivity. |
| Neh 1:3 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ לִי֒ הַֽנִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ מִן־הַשְּׁבִי֙ שָׁ֣ם בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה בְּרָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה וְחוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And they said to me, “Those remaining, who were left behind avoiding the captivity, there in the province, are in a very bad state and in disrepute, and the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned down with fire.” |
avoiding the captivity: see Neh 1:2.
a very bad state ← great badness. |
| Neh 1:4 | וַיְהִ֞י כְּשָׁמְעִ֣י ׀ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֔ה וָאֶתְאַבְּלָ֖ה יָמִ֑ים וָֽאֱהִ֥י צָם֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass when I heard these things that I sat down and wept, and I mourned for a number of days, and I fasted and prayed before the God of heaven. | |
| Neh 1:5 | וָאֹמַ֗ר אָֽנָּ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם הָאֵ֥ל הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָ֑א שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וָחֶ֔סֶד לְאֹהֲבָ֖יו וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽיו׃ | And I said, “Please, Lord God of heaven, O great and awesome God, who keeps the covenant and kindness to those who love him and to those who keep his commandments, | |
| Neh 1:6 | תְּהִ֣י נָ֣א אָזְנְךָֽ־קַשֶּׁ֣בֶת וְֽעֵינֶ֪יךָ פְתֻוּח֟וֹת לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת עַבְדְּךָ֡ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָנֹכִי֩ מִתְפַּלֵּ֨ל לְפָנֶ֤יךָ הַיּוֹם֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ וּמִתְוַדֶּ֗ה עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וַאֲנִ֥י וּבֵית־אָבִ֖י חָטָֽאנוּ׃ | may your ear be attentive and your eyes open to hear the prayer of your servant which I am praying before you today, day and night, concerning the sons of Israel, your servants. And I confess the sins of the sons of Israel which we have committed against you, and that I and the house of my father have sinned. | committed ← sinned. |
| Neh 1:7 | חֲבֹ֖ל חָבַ֣לְנוּ לָ֑ךְ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣רְנוּ אֶת־הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת וְאֶת־הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ | We have offended you badly, and we have not kept the commandments and the statutes and the ordinances which you commanded Moses your servant. |
we have offended you badly: pointed as infinitive construct; could be re-pointed as (the more natural) infinitive absolute.
ordinances ← judgments. |
| Neh 1:8 | זְכָר־נָא֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֛יתָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדְּךָ֖ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַתֶּ֣ם תִּמְעָ֔לוּ אֲנִ֕י אָפִ֥יץ אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּֽים׃ | Do remember the words which you commanded your servant Moses when you said, ‘If you act perversely, I will scatter you among the nations, |
words ← word.
nations ← peoples. |
| Neh 1:9 | וְשַׁבְתֶּ֣ם אֵלַ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְוֺתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אִם־יִהְיֶ֨ה נִֽדַּחֲכֶ֜ם בִּקְצֵ֤ה הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִשָּׁ֣ם אֲקַבְּצֵ֔ם *והבואתים **וַהֲבִֽיאוֹתִים֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֔רְתִּי לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י שָֽׁם׃ | but if you return to me and keep my commandments and carry them out, even if any of you were to be driven out to the end of heaven, I would gather them from there and bring them to the place where I have chosen to set up my name.’ |
I would gather them: the ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré.
any of you ... driven out ← a driven out one of yours. heaven: or the sky. set up ← cause to dwell. |
| Neh 1:10 | וְהֵ֥ם עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וְעַמֶּ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ בְּכֹחֲךָ֣ הַגָּד֔וֹל וּבְיָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָֽה׃ | And they are your servants and your people whom you have redeemed by your great power and with your strong hand. | |
| Neh 1:11 | אָנָּ֣א אֲדֹנָ֗י תְּהִ֣י נָ֣א אָזְנְךָֽ־קַ֠שֶּׁבֶת אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֨ת עַבְדְּךָ֜ וְאֶל־תְּפִלַּ֣ת עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ הַֽחֲפֵצִים֙ לְיִרְאָ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וְהַצְלִֽיחָה־נָּ֤א לְעַבְדְּךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וּתְנֵ֣הוּ לְרַחֲמִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וַאֲנִ֛י הָיִ֥יתִי מַשְׁקֶ֖ה לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | Please, Lord*, may your ear be attentive to the prayer of your servant and to the prayer of your servants who delight in fearing your name. And do be propitious to your servant today, and show him compassion in the presence of this man, for I have become the king's butler.” |
Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32.
in fearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. be propitious ← make successful. show him compassion ← give him to compassion. |
| Neh 2:1 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֗ן שְׁנַ֥ת עֶשְׂרִ֛ים לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יַ֣יִן לְפָנָ֑יו וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶת־הַיַּ֙יִן֙ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְלֹא־הָיִ֥יתִי רַ֖ע לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass in the month of Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that there was wine available for him, and I bore the wine and gave some to the king. Now I was not normally sorrowful in his presence, |
available for him ← before him.
sorrowful ← bad. |
| Neh 2:2 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מַדּ֣וּעַ ׀ פָּנֶ֣יךָ רָעִ֗ים וְאַתָּה֙ אֵֽינְךָ֣ חוֹלֶ֔ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֔ה כִּי־אִ֖ם רֹ֣עַֽ לֵ֑ב וָאִירָ֖א הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | and the king said to me, “Why is your expression sorrowful, although you are not ill? Is this nothing other than a sorrowful heart?” And I was very much afraid. |
sorrowful ← bad.
although: concessive use of the vav. a sorrowful heart ← badness of heart. |
| Neh 2:3 | וָאֹמַ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִחְיֶ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־יֵרְע֣וּ פָנַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָעִ֜יר בֵּית־קִבְר֤וֹת אֲבֹתַי֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ ס | And I said to the king, “May the king live age-abidingly. Why should my expression not be sorrowful when the city of the graveyards of my fathers is desolate, and its gates have been consumed by fire?” | |
| Neh 2:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לִי֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַל־מַה־זֶּ֖ה אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ וָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֔ל אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | At this the king said to me, “What is it that you are requesting?” Then I prayed to the God of heaven. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| Neh 2:5 | וָאֹמַ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב וְאִם־יִיטַ֥ב עַבְדְּךָ֖ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֣נִי אֶל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־עִ֛יר קִבְר֥וֹת אֲבֹתַ֖י וְאֶבְנֶֽנָּה׃ | And I said to the king, “If it is acceptable to the king, and if your servant is approved of in your sight, it is that you should send me to Judah, to the city of the tombs of my fathers, and that I should rebuild it.” |
acceptable to ← good at.
is approved of ← is good. rebuild ← build. |
| Neh 2:6 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לִ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וְהַשֵּׁגַ֣ל ׀ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶצְל֗וֹ עַד־מָתַ֛י יִהְיֶ֥ה מַֽהֲלָכֲךָ֖ וּמָתַ֣י תָּשׁ֑וּב וַיִּיטַ֤ב לִפְנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֔נִי וָֽאֶתְּנָ֥ה ל֖וֹ זְמָֽן׃ | And the king said to me, with the queen sitting next to him, “How long would your journey take and when would you return?” And it was acceptable to the king, and he let me go, and I gave him a timescale. |
how long ← up to when.
take ← be. acceptable to ← good before. |
| Neh 2:7 | וָאוֹמַר֮ לַמֶּלֶךְ֒ אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב אִגְּרוֹת֙ יִתְּנוּ־לִ֔י עַֽל־פַּחֲו֖וֹת עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֙ יַעֲבִיר֔וּנִי עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־אָב֖וֹא אֶל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And I said to the king, “If it is acceptable to the king, let letters be given to me for the governors of the region on the far side of the river, so that I am given passage until I arrive in Judah, |
acceptable to ← good at.
let ... be given ← let them give. Avoidance of the passive. I am given passage ← they convey me across. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Neh 2:8 | וְאִגֶּ֡רֶת אֶל־אָסָף֩ שֹׁמֵ֨ר הַפַּרְדֵּ֜ס אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתֶּן־לִ֣י עֵצִ֡ים לְ֠קָרוֹת אֶת־שַׁעֲרֵ֨י הַבִּירָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לַבַּ֙יִת֙ וּלְחוֹמַ֣ת הָעִ֔יר וְלַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־אָב֣וֹא אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּתֶּן־לִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כְּיַד־אֱלֹהַ֖י הַטּוֹבָ֥ה עָלָֽי׃ | and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king's park, for him to give me wood to put a roof over the gates of the citadel which belongs to the house, and for the city wall, and for the house to which I am going.” And the king gave me these, according to the good hand of my God on me. | wall: in Neh 2:13, the same consonantal spelling is pointed as walls, with a plural verb agreeing. But Neh 2:15 has a singular noun, wall. |
| Neh 2:9 | וָֽאָב֗וֹא אֶֽל־פַּֽחֲווֹת֙ עֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אִגְּר֣וֹת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח עִמִּי֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׂ֥רֵי חַ֖יִל וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃ פ | And I came to the governors of the region on the far side of the river, and I gave them the king's letters. Now the king had sent army commanders with me, and horsemen. | |
| Neh 2:10 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע סַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֗י וְטֽוֹבִיָּה֙ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמֹּנִ֔י וַיֵּ֥רַע לָהֶ֖ם רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אָדָ֔ם לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ טוֹבָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But when Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite servant heard it, it grieved them very greatly that a man should have come to seek the welfare of the sons of Israel. | very greatly ← a great grief. |
| Neh 2:11 | וָאָב֖וֹא אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וָאֱהִי־שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֥ים שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And I arrived in Jerusalem, and I was there for three days. | |
| Neh 2:12 | וָאָק֣וּם ׀ לַ֗יְלָה אֲנִי֮ וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ מְעַט֮ עִמִּי֒ וְלֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְאָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔י לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת לִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ אֵ֣ין עִמִּ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י רֹכֵ֥ב בָּֽהּ׃ | Then I got up at night – I and a few men with me – but I did not tell anyone what my God had put in my heart to do for Jerusalem. And I did not have any animals with me except the animal I rode on. |
anyone ← a man.
had put ← is / was putting. |
| Neh 2:13 | וָאֵצְאָ֨ה בְשַֽׁעַר־הַגַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה וְאֶל־פְּנֵי֙ עֵ֣ין הַתַּנִּ֔ין וְאֶל־שַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּ֑ת וָאֱהִ֨י שֹׂבֵ֜ר בְּחוֹמֹ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁר־*המפרוצים **הֵ֣ם ׀ **פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ | And I went out through the Valley Gate by night and came up to the Crocodile Fount and to the Dung Gate, and I examined the walls of Jerusalem which were broken down, and its gates which had been consumed by fire. |
were broken down: the qeré as two words; the ketiv as one. In Palaeo-Hebrew, which was in decline at the time, there is no final mem (to affect the second letter of the combination).
up to ← to before. Crocodile: or Jackals in an Aramaic form. |
| Neh 2:14 | וָאֶֽעֱבֹר֙ אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר הָעַ֔יִן וְאֶל־בְּרֵכַ֖ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵין־מָק֥וֹם לַבְּהֵמָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֥ר תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | And I crossed over to the Fount Gate and to the king's pool, but there was no place for the animal under me to pass. | |
| Neh 2:15 | וָאֱהִ֨י עֹלֶ֤ה בַנַּ֙חַל֙ לַ֔יְלָה וָאֱהִ֥י שֹׂבֵ֖ר בַּחוֹמָ֑ה וָאָשׁ֗וּב וָאָב֛וֹא בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וָאָשֽׁוּב׃ | Then I went up by the way of the brook by night, and I examined the wall, and I returned and went in by the Valley Gate, then I came back. | went in by: or came to. |
| Neh 2:16 | וְהַסְּגָנִ֗ים לֹ֤א יָדְעוּ֙ אָ֣נָה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וּמָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֑ה וְלַיְּהוּדִ֨ים וְלַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְלַחֹרִ֣ים וְלַסְּגָנִ֗ים וּלְיֶ֙תֶר֙ עֹשֵׂ֣ה הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה עַד־כֵּ֖ן לֹ֥א הִגַּֽדְתִּי׃ | And the administrators did not know where I had gone or what I was doing, and up to this time I had not told the Jews or the priests or the nobles or the administrators or the rest who were doing the work. | |
| Neh 2:17 | וָאוֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אַתֶּ֤ם רֹאִים֙ הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנַ֣חְנוּ בָ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ חֲרֵבָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ נִצְּת֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ לְכ֗וּ וְנִבְנֶה֙ אֶת־חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְלֹא־נִהְיֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד חֶרְפָּֽה׃ | And I said to them, “You see the plight which we are in – that Jerusalem is desolate, and its gates here have been burnt with fire. Come, and let's build the wall of Jerusalem so that we are no longer a reproach.” | so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| Neh 2:18 | וָאַגִּ֨יד לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־יַ֣ד אֱלֹהַ֗י אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ טוֹבָ֣ה עָלַ֔י וְאַף־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־לִ֑י וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ נָק֣וּם וּבָנִ֔ינוּ וַיְחַזְּק֥וּ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם לַטּוֹבָֽה׃ פ | And I told them that the hand of my God had been good on me, and also the king's words which he spoke to me. Then they said, “We will arise and build.” And they encouraged themselves for the good work. | encouraged themselves ← strengthened their hands. |
| Neh 2:19 | וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים׃ | But when Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite servant and Geshem the Arabian heard about it, they mocked us and despised us, and they said, “What is this thing you are doing? Are you rebelling against the king?” | |
| Neh 2:20 | וָאָשִׁ֨יב אוֹתָ֜ם דָּבָ֗ר וָאוֹמַ֤ר לָהֶם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם ה֚וּא יַצְלִ֣יחַֽ לָ֔נוּ וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ עֲבָדָ֖יו נָק֣וּם וּבָנִ֑ינוּ וְלָכֶ֗ם אֵֽין־חֵ֧לֶק וּצְדָקָ֛ה וְזִכָּר֖וֹן בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And I replied to them, and I said to them, “The God of heaven will give us success, and we, his servants, will arise and build, but you have no part or right or remembrance in Jerusalem.” | replied ← returned word. |
| Neh 3:1 | וַיָּ֡קָם אֶלְיָשִׁיב֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וְאֶחָ֣יו הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וַיִּבְנוּ֙ אֶת־שַׁ֣עַר הַצֹּ֔אן הֵ֣מָּה קִדְּשׁ֔וּהוּ וַֽיַּעֲמִ֖ידוּ דַּלְתֹתָ֑יו וְעַד־מִגְדַּ֤ל הַמֵּאָה֙ קִדְּשׁ֔וּהוּ עַ֖ד מִגְדַּ֥ל חֲנַנְאֵֽל׃ ס | And Eliashib the high priest arose, as did his brothers – the priests – and they built the Sheep Gate. They sanctified it and installed its doors. And they sanctified it as far as the Tower of the Hundred, and as far as the Tower of Hananel. |
the Hundred: AV differs, transliterating (Meah).
Hananel: see Jer 31:38. |
| Neh 3:2 | וְעַל־יָד֥וֹ בָנ֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יְרֵח֑וֹ ס וְעַל־יָד֣וֹ בָנָ֔ה זַכּ֖וּר בֶּן־אִמְרִֽי׃ ס | And alongside it men from Jericho did building work, and alongside that Zaccur the son of Imri did building work. | alongside it ... alongside that ← at its / his hand / side (2x). |
| Neh 3:3 | וְאֵת֙ שַׁ֣עַר הַדָּגִ֔ים בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י הַסְּנָאָ֑ה הֵ֣מָּה קֵר֔וּהוּ וַֽיַּעֲמִ֙ידוּ֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו מַנְעוּלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָֽיו׃ ס | And the sons of Hassenaah built the Fish Gate. They put a roof over it and installed its doors, its bars and its bolts. | bolts: בְּרִיחַ suggests a moving part (parallel semantics of the two senses of bolt in English). |
| Neh 3:4 | וְעַל־יָדָ֣ם הֶחֱזִ֗יק מְרֵמ֤וֹת בֶּן־אוּרִיָּה֙ בֶּן־הַקּ֔וֹץ ס וְעַל־יָדָ֣ם הֶחֱזִ֔יק מְשֻׁלָּ֥ם בֶּן־בֶּרֶכְיָ֖ה בֶּן־מְשֵׁיזַבְאֵ֑ל ס וְעַל־יָדָ֣ם הֶֽחֱזִ֔יק צָד֖וֹק בֶּֽן־בַּעֲנָֽא׃ ס | And alongside them Meremoth, the son of Uriah, the son of Hakkoz, did repair work. Also alongside them Meshullam, the son of Berechiah, the son of Meshezabel, did repair work. Also alongside them Zadok, the son of Baana, did repair work. |
alongside them (3x) ← at their hand / side.
Uriah: AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10. Hakkoz: AV= Koz. One could read the Koz. did repair work (3x) ← repaired. Meshezabel ← Meshezab'el. AV= Meshezabeel, not recognizing that the third syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| Neh 3:5 | וְעַל־יָדָ֖ם הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ הַתְּקוֹעִ֑ים וְאַדִּֽירֵיהֶם֙ לֹא־הֵבִ֣יאוּ צַוָּרָ֔ם בַּעֲבֹדַ֖ת אֲדֹנֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And alongside them the Tekoites did repair work, but their nobles did not put their backs into the work of their Lord. |
alongside them: see Neh 3:4.
did repair work: see Neh 3:4. put their backs ← bring their neck. |
| Neh 3:6 | וְאֵת֩ שַׁ֨עַר הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה הֶחֱזִ֗יקוּ יֽוֹיָדָע֙ בֶּן־פָּסֵ֔חַ וּמְשֻׁלָּ֖ם בֶּן־בְּסֽוֹדְיָ֑ה הֵ֣מָּה קֵר֔וּהוּ וַֽיַּעֲמִ֙ידוּ֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו וּמַנְעֻלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָֽיו׃ ס | And Jehoiada the son of Paseah and Meshullam the son of Besodeiah repaired the Old Gate. They put a roof over it and installed its doors and bars and bolts. |
Jehoiada ← Joiada here, presumably a shortened form of the name.
bolts: see Neh 3:3. |
| Neh 3:7 | וְעַל־יָדָ֨ם הֶחֱזִ֜יק מְלַטְיָ֣ה הַגִּבְעֹנִ֗י וְיָדוֹן֙ הַמֵּרֹ֣נֹתִ֔י אַנְשֵׁ֥י גִבְע֖וֹן וְהַמִּצְפָּ֑ה לְכִסֵּ֕א פַּחַ֖ת עֵ֥בֶר הַנָּהָֽר׃ ס | And alongside them Melatiah the Gibeonite and Jadon the Meronothite – men of Gibeon and Mizpah – did repair work for the seat of office of the governor of the region on the far side of the river. |
Gibeonite ... Gibeon: see Josh 9:3.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. |
| Neh 3:8 | עַל־יָד֣וֹ הֶחֱזִ֗יק עֻזִּיאֵ֤ל בֶּֽן־חַרְהֲיָה֙ צֽוֹרְפִ֔ים ס וְעַל־יָד֣וֹ הֶחֱזִ֔יק חֲנַנְיָ֖ה בֶּן־הָרַקָּחִ֑ים וַיַּֽעַזְבוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַ֖ד הַחוֹמָ֥ה הָרְחָבָֽה׃ ס | Alongside him Uzziel the son of Harhaiah, one of the refiners, did repair work, and alongside him Hananiah the son of the pharmacists did repair work, and they restored Jerusalem up to the Broad Wall. |
refiners ← perhaps goldsmiths or silversmiths.
the pharmacists: perhaps referring to father and mother, otherwise the family line of trade. restored: see Ex 23:5. |
| Neh 3:9 | וְעַל־יָדָ֤ם הֶחֱזִיק֙ רְפָיָ֣ה בֶן־ח֔וּר שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֥לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And alongside them Rephaiah the son of Hur, an official in charge of half of the district of Jerusalem, did repair work. | |
| Neh 3:10 | וְעַל־יָדָ֧ם הֶחֱזִ֛יק יְדָיָ֥ה בֶן־חֲרוּמַ֖ף וְנֶ֣גֶד בֵּית֑וֹ ס וְעַל־יָד֣וֹ הֶחֱזִ֔יק חַטּ֖וּשׁ בֶּן־חֲשַׁבְנְיָֽה׃ | And alongside them Jedaiah the son of Harumaph did repair work, opposite his own house, and alongside him Hattush the son of Hashabniah did repair work. | |
| Neh 3:11 | מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֗ית הֶחֱזִיק֙ מַלְכִּיָּ֣ה בֶן־חָרִ֔ם וְחַשּׁ֖וּב בֶּן־פַּחַ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב וְאֵ֖ת מִגְדַּ֥ל הַתַּנּוּרִֽים׃ ס | Malchijah the son of Harim and Hashshub the son of Pahath-Moab repaired another section, and the Tower of Furnaces. |
Hashshub: AV= Hashub.
another ← a second. |
| Neh 3:12 | וְעַל־יָד֣וֹ הֶחֱזִ֗יק שַׁלּוּם֙ בֶּן־הַלּוֹחֵ֔שׁ שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם ה֖וּא וּבְנוֹתָֽיו׃ ס | And alongside him Shallum the son of Halohesh, an official in charge of half of the district of Jerusalem, did repair work – he and his daughters. | |
| Neh 3:13 | אֵת֩ שַׁ֨עַר הַגַּ֜יְא הֶחֱזִ֣יק חָנוּן֮ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י זָנוֹחַ֒ הֵ֣מָּה בָנ֔וּהוּ וַֽיַּעֲמִ֙ידוּ֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו מַנְעֻלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָ֑יו וְאֶ֤לֶף אַמָּה֙ בַּחוֹמָ֔ה עַ֖ד שַׁ֥עַר הָשֲׁפֽוֹת׃ | Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired the Valley Gate. They built it and installed its doors, its bars and its bolts, and a thousand cubits of the wall – as far as the Dung Gate. | cubits of ← cubits in. A cubit is about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| Neh 3:14 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הָאַשְׁפּ֗וֹת הֶחֱזִיק֙ מַלְכִּיָּ֣ה בֶן־רֵכָ֔ב שַׂ֖ר פֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־הַכָּ֑רֶם ה֣וּא יִבְנֶ֔נּוּ וְיַעֲמִיד֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו מַנְעֻלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָֽיו׃ ס | And Malchijah the son of Rechab, the official in charge of the district of Beth-Haccerem, repaired the Dung Gate. He would build it and would install its doors, its bars and its bolts. |
Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1.
repaired: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. would build ... would install: in an unexpected nominal future tense, or imperfective aspect. |
| Neh 3:15 | וְאֵת֩ שַׁ֨עַר הָעַ֜יִן הֶ֠חֱזִיק שַׁלּ֣וּן בֶּן־כָּל־חֹזֶה֮ שַׂ֣ר פֶּ֣לֶךְ הַמִּצְפָּה֒ ה֤וּא יִבְנֶ֙נּוּ֙ וִיטַֽלְלֶ֔נּוּ *ויעמידו **וְיַעֲמִיד֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔יו מַנְעֻלָ֖יו וּבְרִיחָ֑יו וְ֠אֵת חוֹמַ֞ת בְּרֵכַ֤ת הַשֶּׁ֙לַח֙ לְגַן־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְעַד־הַֽמַּעֲל֔וֹת הַיּוֹרְד֖וֹת מֵעִ֥יר דָּוִֽיד׃ ס | And Shallun the son of Col-Hozeh, the official in charge of the district of Mizpah, repaired the Fount Gate. He would build it and would roof it, and {Q: he would install} [K: they would install] its doors, its bars and its bolts, and the wall of the Pool of Siloam for the king's garden as far as the steps which go down from the City of David. |
Mizpah ← the Mizpah.
repaired: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. would (4x): see Neh 3:14. Siloam ← Shelah. AV= Siloah, but the common name is transliterated from the Greek (Σιλωάμ), as used in Luke 13:4, John 9:7, John 9:11. |
| Neh 3:16 | אַחֲרָ֤יו הֶחֱזִיק֙ נְחֶמְיָ֣ה בֶן־עַזְבּ֔וּק שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּֽית־צ֑וּר עַד־נֶ֙גֶד֙ קִבְרֵ֣י דָוִ֔יד וְעַד־הַבְּרֵכָה֙ הָעֲשׂוּיָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד בֵּ֥ית הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ ס | After him Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, an official in charge of half the district of Beth-Zur, made repairs as far as opposite the tombs of David, and as far as the pool which had been made, and as far as the Warriors' House. | |
| Neh 3:17 | אַחֲרָ֛יו הֶחֱזִ֥יקוּ הַלְוִיִּ֖ם רְח֣וּם בֶּן־בָּנִ֑י עַל־יָד֣וֹ הֶחֱזִ֗יק חֲשַׁבְיָ֛ה שַׂר־חֲצִי־פֶ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָ֖ה לְפִלְכּֽוֹ׃ ס | After him the Levites made repairs. Rehum the son of Bani, and alongside him Hashabiah, an official in charge of half the district of Keilah, made repairs in his district. | in his district ← to his district. |
| Neh 3:18 | אַחֲרָיו֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם בַּוַּ֖י בֶּן־חֵנָדָ֑ד שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָֽה׃ ס | After him their brothers made repairs: Bavai the son of Henadad, an official in charge of half of the district of Keilah, | |
| Neh 3:19 | וַיְחַזֵּ֨ק עַל־יָד֜וֹ עֵ֧זֶר בֶּן־יֵשׁ֛וּעַ שַׂ֥ר הַמִּצְפָּ֖ה מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑ית מִנֶּ֕גֶד עֲלֹ֥ת הַנֶּ֖שֶׁק הַמִּקְצֹֽעַ׃ ס | and alongside him, Ezer the son of Jeshua, the official in charge of Mizpah, repaired a further section, opposite the ascent to the armoury at the corner buttress; |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
Mizpah ← the Mizpah. a further ← a second. corner buttress: see Neh 3:24. |
| Neh 3:20 | אַחֲרָ֨יו הֶחֱרָ֧ה הֶחֱזִ֛יק בָּר֥וּךְ בֶּן־*זבי **זַכַּ֖י מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑ית מִן־הַ֨מִּקְצ֔וֹעַ עַד־פֶּ֙תַח֙ בֵּ֣ית אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ ס | after him Baruch the son of {Q: Zaccai} [K: Zabbai] was zealous to repair a further section from the corner buttress to the entrance of the house of Eliashib the high priest; |
was zealous to repair ← was ardent, repaired, the root meaning of the first part being to burn. In colloquial English was fired up.
a further ← a second. |
| Neh 3:21 | אַחֲרָ֣יו הֶחֱזִ֗יק מְרֵמ֧וֹת בֶּן־אוּרִיָּ֛ה בֶּן־הַקּ֖וֹץ מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑ית מִפֶּ֙תַח֙ בֵּ֣ית אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב וְעַד־תַּכְלִ֖ית בֵּ֥ית אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב׃ ס | after him Meremoth, the son of Uriah, the son of Hakkoz, repaired a further section from the entrance to Eliashib's house to the end of Eliashib's house. |
Uriah: AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10.
Hakkoz: AV= Koz. One could read the Koz. a further ← a second. |
| Neh 3:22 | וְאַחֲרָ֛יו הֶחֱזִ֥יקוּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַכִּכָּֽר׃ | And after him the priests, men of the adjoining tract, made repairs. | |
| Neh 3:23 | אַחֲרָ֨יו הֶחֱזִ֧יק בִּנְיָמִ֛ן וְחַשּׁ֖וּב נֶ֣גֶד בֵּיתָ֑ם ס אַחֲרָ֣יו הֶחֱזִ֗יק עֲזַרְיָ֧ה בֶן־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֛ה בֶּן־עֲנָֽנְיָ֖ה אֵ֥צֶל בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ ס | After him Benjamin, with Hashshub, made repairs opposite their house. After him Azariah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ananiah, made repairs by his house. | with Hashshub ← and Hashshub. The verb is singular. See also Neh 3:11. |
| Neh 3:24 | אַחֲרָ֣יו הֶחֱזִ֗יק בִּנּ֛וּי בֶּן־חֵנָדָ֖ד מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑ית מִבֵּ֣ית עֲזַרְיָ֔ה עַד־הַמִּקְצ֖וֹעַ וְעַד־הַפִּנָּֽה׃ | After him Binnui the son of Henadad repaired a further section from Azariah's house to the corner buttress and to the battlement. | corner buttress ... battlement: perhaps re-entrant (interior) corner ... exterior corner. |
| Neh 3:25 | פָּלָ֣ל בֶּן־אוּזַי֮ מִנֶּ֣גֶד הַמִּקְצוֹעַ֒ וְהַמִּגְדָּ֗ל הַיּוֹצֵא֙ מִבֵּ֤ית הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הָֽעֶלְי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַחֲצַ֣ר הַמַּטָּרָ֑ה אַחֲרָ֖יו פְּדָיָ֥ה בֶן־פַּרְעֹֽשׁ׃ ס | Palal the son of Uzai repaired from opposite the corner buttress and the tower which protrudes from the king's lofty house towards the prison court. After him came Pedaiah the son of Parosh. | |
| Neh 3:26 | וְהַ֨נְּתִינִ֔ים הָי֥וּ יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בָּעֹ֑פֶל עַ֠ד נֶ֜גֶד שַׁ֤עַר הַמַּ֙יִם֙ לַמִּזְרָ֔ח וְהַמִּגְדָּ֖ל הַיּוֹצֵֽא׃ ס | And the temple-servants were living in the Ophel, as far as opposite the Water Gate to the east, and the protruding tower. | Ophel: formerly Jebus, afterwards Mount Zion [CB]. |
| Neh 3:27 | אַחֲרָ֛יו הֶחֱזִ֥יקוּ הַתְּקֹעִ֖ים מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑ית מִנֶּ֜גֶד הַמִּגְדָּ֤ל הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַיּוֹצֵ֔א וְעַ֖ד חוֹמַ֥ת הָעֹֽפֶל׃ | After him the Tekoites repaired a further section, from opposite the Great Tower which protrudes, as far as the wall of the Ophel. |
a further ← a second.
Ophel: see Neh 3:26. |
| Neh 3:28 | מֵעַ֣ל ׀ שַׁ֣עַר הַסּוּסִ֗ים הֶחֱזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ לְנֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ ס | The priests made repairs above the Horse Gate, each opposite his house. | |
| Neh 3:29 | אַחֲרָ֧יו הֶחֱזִ֛יק צָד֥וֹק בֶּן־אִמֵּ֖ר נֶ֣גֶד בֵּית֑וֹ ס וְאַחֲרָ֤יו הֶחֱזִיק֙ שְׁמַֽעְיָ֣ה בֶן־שְׁכַנְיָ֔ה שֹׁמֵ֖ר שַׁ֥עַר הַמִּזְרָֽח׃ ס | After them Zadok the son of Immer made repairs opposite his house, and after him Shemaiah the son of Shechaniah the keeper of the Eastern Gate made repairs. | after them ← after him / it. |
| Neh 3:30 | *אחרי **אַחֲרָ֨יו הֶחֱזִ֜יק חֲנַנְיָ֣ה בֶן־שֶׁלֶמְיָ֗ה וְחָנ֧וּן בֶּן־צָלָ֛ף הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י מִדָּ֣ה שֵׁנִ֑י ס אַחֲרָ֣יו הֶחֱזִ֗יק מְשֻׁלָּם֙ בֶּן־בֶּ֣רֶכְיָ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד נִשְׁכָּתֽוֹ׃ ס | {Q: After him} [K: after me] Hananiah the son of Shelemiah made repairs, and Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph repaired a further section. After him Meshullam the son of Berechiah made repairs opposite his office. |
after me (ketiv): perhaps afterwards, as a disconnected construct state.
a further ← a second. |
| Neh 3:31 | *אחרי **אַחֲרָ֣יו הֶחֱזִ֗יק מַלְכִּיָּה֙ בֶּן־הַצֹּ֣רְפִ֔י עַד־בֵּ֥ית הַנְּתִינִ֖ים וְהָרֹכְלִ֑ים נֶ֚גֶד שַׁ֣עַר הַמִּפְקָ֔ד וְעַ֖ד עֲלִיַּ֥ת הַפִּנָּֽה׃ | {Q: After him} [K: after me] Malchijah the son of the refiner made repairs as far as the house of the temple-servants and the traders, opposite the Muster Gate, and as far as the corner ascent. |
after me (ketiv): see Neh 3:30.
Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1. Muster Gate: AV differs, transliterating (Miphkad). |
| Neh 3:32 | וּבֵ֨ין עֲלִיַּ֤ת הַפִּנָּה֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הַצֹּ֔אן הֶחֱזִ֥יקוּ הַצֹּרְפִ֖ים וְהָרֹכְלִֽים׃ פ | And between the corner ascent and the Sheep Gate, the refiners and the traders made repairs. | |
| Neh 3:33 Neh 4:1AV |
וַיְהִ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֗ט כִּֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ בוֹנִים֙ אֶת־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּ֣חַר ל֔וֹ וַיִּכְעַ֖ס הַרְבֵּ֑ה וַיַּלְעֵ֖ג עַל־הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | And it came to pass that when Sanballat heard that we were building the wall, it infuriated him, and he became very angry, and he mocked the Jews, | |
| Neh 3:34 Neh 4:2AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י אֶחָ֗יו וְחֵיל֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֛ה הַיְּהוּדִ֥ים הָאֲמֵלָלִ֖ים עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲיַעַזְב֨וּ לָהֶ֤ם הֲיִזְבָּ֙חוּ֙ הַיְכַלּ֣וּ בַיּ֔וֹם הַיְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מֵעֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶעָפָ֖ר וְהֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת׃ | and he spoke in the presence of his brothers and the forces of Samaria, and he said, “What are these feeble Jews doing? Can they re-establish themselves? Can they offer sacrifices? Can they finish in a day? Can they revive the stones from heaps of dust, which have been burned?” | re-establish: see Neh 3:8, Ex 23:5. |
| Neh 3:35 Neh 4:3AV |
וְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה הָעַמֹּנִ֖י אֶצְל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר גַּ֚ם אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם בּוֹנִ֔ים אִם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה שׁוּעָ֔ל וּפָרַ֖ץ חוֹמַ֥ת אַבְנֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And Tobiah the Ammonite was with him, and he said, “Even what they are building – if a fox were to climb onto it, it would cause their wall of stones to collapse.” | |
| Neh 3:36 Neh 4:4AV |
שְׁמַ֤ע אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ כִּֽי־הָיִ֣ינוּ בוּזָ֔ה וְהָשֵׁ֥ב חֶרְפָּתָ֖ם אֶל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם וּתְנֵ֥ם לְבִזָּ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁבְיָֽה׃ | “Hear, O God of ours, how we have become an object of contempt, and turn their reproach onto their heads, and make them into a spoil in a land where they are in captivity. |
how ← that.
their reproach: a subjective genitive (they reproach). heads ← head. where they are in captivity ← of captivity. |
| Neh 3:37 Neh 4:5AV |
וְאַל־תְּכַס֙ עַל־עֲוֺנָ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֖ם מִלְּפָנֶ֣יךָ אַל־תִּמָּחֶ֑ה כִּ֥י הִכְעִ֖יסוּ לְנֶ֥גֶד הַבּוֹנִֽים׃ | And do not pardon their iniquity and do not let their sin be blotted out before you, for they have been provocative towards the builders.” |
pardon ← cover.
before you ← from before you. |
| Neh 3:38 Neh 4:6AV |
וַנִּבְנֶה֙ אֶת־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַתִּקָּשֵׁ֥ר כָּל־הַחוֹמָ֖ה עַד־חֶצְיָ֑הּ וַיְהִ֧י לֵ֦ב לָעָ֖ם לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ פ | And we built the wall, and all the wall was joined up for half its length, and the people had a heart to work on it. | length: or supply height, [CB], but surely it is sections of length which become joined, not disjoint layers? |
| Neh 4:1 Neh 4:7AV |
וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֡ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֤ה אֲרוּכָה֙ לְחֹמ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ | Then it came to pass when Sanballat and Tobiah and the Arabians and the Ammonites and the Ashdodites heard that the repairs to the walls of Jerusalem had progressed, and that the breaches had begun to be closed up, it infuriated them greatly. | progressed ← gone up. |
| Neh 4:2 Neh 4:8AV |
וַיִּקְשְׁר֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֖וֹא לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ תּוֹעָֽה׃ | And they all conspired together to go and fight against Jerusalem and to do harm to it. | harm: or, root יעה, sweeping away. |
| Neh 4:3 Neh 4:9AV |
וַנִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַנַּעֲמִ֨יד מִשְׁמָ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֖יְלָה מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | So we prayed to our God, and we set up a look-out for them by day and night because of them. | |
| Neh 4:4 Neh 4:10AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה כָּשַׁל֙ כֹּ֣חַ הַסַּבָּ֔ל וְהֶעָפָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֑ה וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ לֹ֣א נוּכַ֔ל לִבְנ֖וֹת בַּחוֹמָֽה׃ | But the people of Judah said, “The strength of those who carry a load has failed them, and there is much dust, and we will not be able to build the wall.” |
those who carry a load ← him who carries a load.
failed them ← faltered. |
| Neh 4:5 Neh 4:11AV |
וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ צָרֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א יֵדְעוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִרְא֔וּ עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָב֥וֹא אֶל־תּוֹכָ֖ם וַהֲרַגְנ֑וּם וְהִשְׁבַּ֖תְנוּ אֶת־הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | And our adversaries said, “They will not know, and they will not see anything until we have come among them, and we kill them and put a stop to the work.” | among them ← to their midst. |
| Neh 4:6 Neh 4:12AV |
וַֽיְהִי֙ כַּאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶצְלָ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לָ֙נוּ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר פְּעָמִ֔ים מִכָּל־הַמְּקֹמ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁר־תָּשׁ֥וּבוּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | And it came to pass, when the Jews who lived among them came, that they said to us ten times, “From all the places to which you might turn, they will be upon us.” | AV differs, following MT punctuation (from all places whence ye shall return unto us they will be upon you). Agreeing with us is [CB]. |
| Neh 4:7 Neh 4:13AV |
וָֽאַעֲמִ֞יד מִֽתַּחְתִּיּ֧וֹת לַמָּק֛וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י לַחוֹמָ֖ה *בצחחיים **בַּצְּחִיחִ֑ים וָֽאַעֲמִ֤יד אֶת־הָעָם֙ לְמִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת עִם־חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֛ם רָמְחֵיהֶ֖ם וְקַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | So I set up defences in the lower parts of the place behind the wall in the dry places, and I stationed the people according to their families with their swords, their spears, and their bows. | dry places: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Perhaps the wall was partly protected by a moat, and the non-moat places are referred to. |
| Neh 4:8 Neh 4:14AV |
וָאֵ֣רֶא וָאָק֗וּם וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֞י הַגָּד֤וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא֙ זְכֹ֔רוּ וְהִֽלָּחֲמ֗וּ עַל־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֔ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיכֶֽם׃ פ | And I observed, and I arose, and I said to the nobles and the administrators and to the rest of the people, “Do not be afraid of them. Remember the great and awesome Lord*, and fight for your brothers, your sons and your daughters, your wives and your houses.” | Lord*: a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֲדֹנָי, Adonai. See Gen 18:3 and [CB] App. 32. |
| Neh 4:9 Neh 4:15AV |
וַיְהִ֞י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שָׁמְע֤וּ אוֹיְבֵ֙ינוּ֙ כִּי־נ֣וֹדַֽע לָ֔נוּ וַיָּ֥פֶר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עֲצָתָ֑ם *ונשוב **וַנָּ֤שָׁב כֻּלָּ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה אִ֖ישׁ אֶל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass, when our enemies heard that it was known to us that God had frustrated their plan, that we all returned to the wall – each man to his work. | we ... returned: the ketiv can be regarded as a scriptio plena spelling of the qeré. |
| Neh 4:10 Neh 4:16AV |
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִן־הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא חֲצִ֣י נְעָרַי֮ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָה֒ וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ וְהָרְמָחִ֣ים הַמָּגִנִּ֔ים וְהַקְּשָׁת֖וֹת וְהַשִּׁרְיֹנִ֑ים וְהַ֨שָּׂרִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And it was from that day that half of my servant-lads were engaged in the work, and half of them held spears and shields and bows and wore armour. And the commanders were behind the whole house of Judah. | |
| Neh 4:11 Neh 4:17AV |
הַבּוֹנִ֧ים בַּחוֹמָ֛ה וְהַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים בַּסֶּ֖בֶל עֹמְשִׂ֑ים בְּאַחַ֤ת יָדוֹ֙ עֹשֶׂ֣ה בַמְּלָאכָ֔ה וְאַחַ֖ת מַחֲזֶ֥קֶת הַשָּֽׁלַח׃ | Those building the wall and those carrying a load or loading it would do the work with one hand, while the other would hold the weapon. |
building ← building on.
weapon ← missile. |
| Neh 4:12 Neh 4:18AV |
וְהַ֨בּוֹנִ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ חַרְבּ֛וֹ אֲסוּרִ֥ים עַל־מָתְנָ֖יו וּבוֹנִ֑ים וְהַתּוֹקֵ֥עַ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר אֶצְלִֽי׃ | And each of the builders had his sword fastened at his waist while they built. And he who blew the ramshorn was next to me. | |
| Neh 4:13 Neh 4:19AV |
וָאֹמַ֞ר אֶל־הַחֹרִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַסְּגָנִים֙ וְאֶל־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה וּרְחָבָ֑ה וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ נִפְרָדִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה רְחוֹקִ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ מֵאָחִֽיו׃ | And I said to the nobles, and to the administrators, and to the rest of the people, “The work is immense and extensive, and we are widely separated from each other along the wall. | from each other ← a man from his brother. |
| Neh 4:14 Neh 4:20AV |
בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר שָׁ֖מָּה תִּקָּבְצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יִלָּ֥חֶם לָֽנוּ׃ | In a place where you hear the sound of the ramshorn, gather round us there. Our God will fight for us.” | round us ← to us. |
| Neh 4:15 Neh 4:21AV |
וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֹשִׂ֣ים בַּמְּלָאכָ֑ה וְחֶצְיָ֗ם מַחֲזִיקִים֙ בָּֽרְמָחִ֔ים מֵעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר עַ֖ד צֵ֥את הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ | So we were engaged in the work, and half of them held spears from the rise of dawn until the appearance of the stars. |
we ... them: a change of grammatical person is not uncommon in Hebrew.
appearance ← coming out. |
| Neh 4:16 Neh 4:22AV |
גַּ֣ם בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי לָעָ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ וְנַעֲר֔וֹ יָלִ֖ינוּ בְּת֣וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְהָֽיוּ־לָ֧נוּ הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִשְׁמָ֖ר וְהַיּ֥וֹם מְלָאכָֽה׃ | Also at that time I said to the people, “Let every man and his servant-lad lodge inside Jerusalem, and they will be our watch at night, and the day will be for work.” |
every ← each.
at night: or tonight. |
| Neh 4:17 Neh 4:23AV |
וְאֵ֨ין אֲנִ֜י וְאַחַ֣י וּנְעָרַ֗י וְאַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּשְׁמָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרַ֔י אֵין־אֲנַ֥חְנוּ פֹשְׁטִ֖ים בְּגָדֵ֑ינוּ אִ֖ישׁ שִׁלְח֥וֹ הַמָּֽיִם׃ ס | And neither I nor my brothers nor my servant-lads, nor the men of the guard who were behind me – none of us – took off our clothes. Each man had his weapon and water. | each man had his weapon and water: weapon ← missile. AV differs (saving that every one put them off for washing). |
| Neh 5:1 | וַתְּהִ֨י צַעֲקַ֥ת הָעָ֛ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם גְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃ | Then there was a great outcry from the people and their wives to their brothers the Jews. | |
| Neh 5:2 | וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים בָּנֵ֥ינוּ וּבְנֹתֵ֖ינוּ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ רַבִּ֑ים וְנִקְחָ֥ה דָגָ֖ן וְנֹאכְלָ֥ה וְנִחְיֶֽה׃ | And there were some who said, “We, our sons and our daughters, are many, and we need to get corn and eat to survive.” | to survive ← and we will survive. Purposive use of the vav. |
| Neh 5:3 | וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים שְׂדֹתֵ֛ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֥ינוּ וּבָתֵּ֖ינוּ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹרְבִ֑ים וְנִקְחָ֥ה דָגָ֖ן בָּרָעָֽב׃ | And there were some who said, “We are mortgaging our fields and our vineyards and our houses, so that we can get corn in the famine.” | |
| Neh 5:4 | וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים לָוִ֥ינוּ כֶ֖סֶף לְמִדַּ֣ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׂדֹתֵ֖ינוּ וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃ | And there were some who said, “We have borrowed money for the king's tax on our fields and our vineyards. | tax ← measure. |
| Neh 5:5 | וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּבְשַׂ֤ר אַחֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּשָׂרֵ֔נוּ כִּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם בָּנֵ֑ינוּ וְהִנֵּ֣ה אֲנַ֣חְנוּ כֹ֠בְשִׁים אֶת־בָּנֵ֨ינוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֜ינוּ לַעֲבָדִ֗ים וְיֵ֨שׁ מִבְּנֹתֵ֤ינוּ נִכְבָּשׁוֹת֙ וְאֵ֣ין לְאֵ֣ל יָדֵ֔נוּ וּשְׂדֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ לַאֲחֵרִֽים׃ | And although our flesh is like the flesh of our brothers, and our sons are like their sons, yet see how we are reducing our sons and our daughters to slavery, and there are some of our daughters so reduced, and it is out of our control, and others have our fields and our vineyards.” |
yet: concessive use of the vav.
see how ← behold. slavery ← slaves. out of our control ← not to the power of our hand. |
| Neh 5:6 | וַיִּ֥חַר לִ֖י מְאֹ֑ד כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־זַֽעֲקָתָ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | And it infuriated me greatly when I heard their cry and these things. | |
| Neh 5:7 | וַיִּמָּלֵ֨ךְ לִבִּ֜י עָלַ֗י וָאָרִ֙יבָה֙ אֶת־הַחֹרִ֣ים וְאֶת־הַסְּגָנִ֔ים וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֔ם מַשָּׁ֥א אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֖יו אַתֶּ֣ם *נשאים **נֹשִׁ֑ים וָאֶתֵּ֥ן עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם קְהִלָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | And my heart commended itself to me, and I took issue with the nobles and the administrators, and I said to them, “Each of you is bringing his brother into debt.” And I presented a large assembly against them. |
bringing ... into debt ← lending. The ketiv is an alternative form of the qeré.
commended itself ← was advised ← was ruled. [AnLx]= took counsel. [BDB] as a separate root, → I considered carefully. |
| Neh 5:8 | וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֗ם אֲנַ֣חְנוּ קָ֠נִינוּ אֶת־אַחֵ֨ינוּ הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים הַנִּמְכָּרִ֤ים לַגּוֹיִם֙ כְּדֵ֣י בָ֔נוּ וְגַם־אַתֶּ֛ם תִּמְכְּר֥וּ אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶ֖ם וְנִמְכְּרוּ־לָ֑נוּ וַֽיַּחֲרִ֔ישׁוּ וְלֹ֥א מָצְא֖וּ דָּבָֽר׃ ס | And I said to them, “We have redeemed our brothers the Jews who were sold to the Gentiles as much as we could. Now would you even sell your brothers, so that they are sold back to us?” And they were silent and did not find a word to say. |
as much as we could ← according to sufficiency at us.
so that they are sold back to us: Nehemiah redeems while the nobles enslave, undoing his good work. This puts the nobles to shame. |
| Neh 5:9 | *ויאמר **וָאוֹמַ֕ר לֹא־ט֥וֹב הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲל֞וֹא בְּיִרְאַ֤ת אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ תֵּלֵ֔כוּ מֵחֶרְפַּ֖ת הַגּוֹיִ֥ם אוֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃ | And {Q: I} [K: he] said, “The thing you are doing is not right. Should you not walk in the fear of our God, rather than the reproachful way of the nations which are our enemies? | |
| Neh 5:10 | וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ אַחַ֣י וּנְעָרַ֔י נֹשִׁ֥ים בָּהֶ֖ם כֶּ֣סֶף וְדָגָ֑ן נַֽעַזְבָה־נָּ֖א אֶת־הַמַּשָּׁ֥א הַזֶּֽה׃ | But I too, my brothers, and my servant-lads have been lending them money and corn on interest, but let us please discontinue this lending on interest. | |
| Neh 5:11 | הָשִׁיבוּ֩ נָ֨א לָהֶ֜ם כְּהַיּ֗וֹם שְׂדֹתֵיהֶ֛ם כַּרְמֵיהֶ֥ם זֵיתֵיהֶ֖ם וּבָתֵּיהֶ֑ם וּמְאַ֨ת הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְהַדָּגָן֙ הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נֹשִׁ֥ים בָּהֶֽם׃ | Do restore to them today their fields, their vineyards, their olive groves and their houses, and the one per cent monthly interest on their money and corn and new wine and fresh oil which you have been lending them on interest.” | |
| Neh 5:12 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ נָשִׁ֗יב וּמֵהֶם֙ לֹ֣א נְבַקֵּ֔שׁ כֵּ֣ן נַעֲשֶׂ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אַתָּ֣ה אוֹמֵ֑ר וָאֶקְרָא֙ אֶת־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וָֽאַשְׁבִּיעֵ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they said, “We will restore them, and we will not require anything of them. As you have said, so we shall do.” Then I called the priests, and I had them swear to do this undertaking. | this undertaking ← according to this thing. |
| Neh 5:13 | גַּם־חָצְנִ֣י נָעַ֗רְתִּי וָֽאֹמְרָ֡ה כָּ֣כָה יְנַעֵ֪ר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֟ים אֶת־כָּל־הָאִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָקִ֜ים אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּיתוֹ֙ וּמִ֣יגִיע֔וֹ וְכָ֛כָה יִהְיֶ֥ה נָע֖וּר וָרֵ֑ק וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֜ל אָמֵ֗ן וַֽיְהַלְלוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָעָ֖ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ | I also shook the breast fold of my garment, and I said, “So shall God shake every man who does not fulfil this undertaking, out of his house and out of his livelihood, and so he will be shaken out and empty.” And the whole convocation said, “Amen.” And they praised the Lord, and the people acted according to this proceeding. |
breast fold of my garment: or simply my chest.
undertaking ← thing. livelihood ← toil, or earnings. proceeding ← thing, word. |
| Neh 5:14 | גַּ֞ם מִיּ֣וֹם ׀ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה אֹתִ֗י לִהְי֣וֹת פֶּחָם֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָה֒ מִשְּׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֗ים וְ֠עַד שְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣סְתְּא הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׁנִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֑ה אֲנִ֣י וְאַחַ֔י לֶ֥חֶם הַפֶּ֖חָה לֹ֥א אָכַֽלְתִּי׃ | Moreover from the day when I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year to the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes the king – twelve years – neither I nor my brothers ate the governor's fare. |
I was appointed ← he commanded me. Avoidance of the passive.
fare ← bread, standing for all kinds of food. See 1 Sam 28:22, 1 Sam 28:24 for what a piece of bread stands for. |
| Neh 5:15 | וְהַפַּחוֹת֩ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֨ים אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנַ֜י הִכְבִּ֣ידוּ עַל־הָעָ֗ם וַיִּקְח֨וּ מֵהֶ֜ם בְּלֶ֤חֶם וָיַ֙יִן֙ אַחַר֙ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֣ים אַרְבָּעִ֔ים גַּ֥ם נַעֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שָׁלְט֣וּ עַל־הָעָ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִי כֵ֔ן מִפְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | But the previous governors who were before me had weighed down heavily on the people, and they had taken bread and wine from them to the value of forty shekels. Even their servants lorded it over the people, but I did not act like that, because of the fear of God. |
previous ← first.
to the value of ← after the silver / money of. fear of God: an objective genitive. |
| Neh 5:16 | וְ֠גַם בִּמְלֶ֜אכֶת הַחוֹמָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ הֶחֱזַ֔קְתִּי וְשָׂדֶ֖ה לֹ֣א קָנִ֑ינוּ וְכָל־נְעָרַ֔י קְבוּצִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | And I also persevered in the work of this wall, and we did not buy a field, and all my servant-lads were gathered there for the work. |
persevered in ← held fast to.
for the work ← at the work. |
| Neh 5:17 | וְהַיְּהוּדִ֨ים וְהַסְּגָנִ֜ים מֵאָ֧ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וְהַבָּאִ֥ים אֵלֵ֛ינוּ מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־סְבִיבֹתֵ֖ינוּ עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִֽי׃ | And the Jews and the administrators – one hundred and fifty men – and those who came to us from the nations around us, were at my table. | |
| Neh 5:18 | וַאֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה לְי֣וֹם אֶחָ֗ד שׁ֣וֹר אֶחָ֞ד צֹ֠אן שֵׁשׁ־בְּרֻר֤וֹת וְצִפֳּרִים֙ נַֽעֲשׂוּ־לִ֔י וּבֵ֨ין עֲשֶׂ֧רֶת יָמִ֛ים בְּכָל־יַ֖יִן לְהַרְבֵּ֑ה וְעִם־זֶ֗ה לֶ֤חֶם הַפֶּחָה֙ לֹ֣א בִקַּ֔שְׁתִּי כִּֽי־כָֽבְדָ֥ה הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה עַל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And this is what was prepared for one day: one ox, six choice sheep; and poultry was prepared for me, and at ten day intervals all sorts of wine in abundance. But nevertheless, I did not require the governor's fare, because the work was a heavy load on this people. |
prepared (2x) ← made.
poultry was ← birds were. fare: see Neh 5:14. |
| Neh 5:19 | זָכְרָה־לִּ֥י אֱלֹהַ֖י לְטוֹבָ֑ה כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי עַל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | Remember me, O God of mine, favourably, for everything I have done concerning this people. | |
| Neh 6:1 | וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁמַ֣ע לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וּלְגֶ֨שֶׁם הָֽעַרְבִ֜י וּלְיֶ֣תֶר אֹֽיְבֵ֗ינוּ כִּ֤י בָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וְלֹא־נ֥וֹתַר בָּ֖הּ פָּ֑רֶץ גַּ֚ם עַד־הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא דְּלָת֖וֹת לֹא־הֶעֱמַ֥דְתִּי בַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃ | And it came to pass, when it came to the ear of Sanballat and Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our enemies, that I had built the wall, and that there was not a single breach remaining in it, even though at that time I had not installed doors in the gates, |
came to the ear of ← was heard by.
at that time ← up to that time. |
| Neh 6:2 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סַנְבַלַּ֤ט וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכָ֞ה וְנִֽוָּעֲדָ֥ה יַחְדָּ֛ו בַּכְּפִירִ֖ים בְּבִקְעַ֣ת אוֹנ֑וֹ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ חֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לִ֖י רָעָֽה׃ | that Sanballat and Geshem sent word to me and said, “Come and let us meet together in the villages in the plain of Ono.” But they were plotting to do me harm. |
villages: according to some, the name of a place, Chephirim: [LHG], but site unknown; [CB], the modern Kefr ’Ana (from what source?). “Villages” is odd as a name, but maybe various hamlets agglomerated into a town of this name.
harm ← evil. |
| Neh 6:3 | וָאֶשְׁלְחָ֨ה עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם מַלְאָכִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מְלָאכָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לָרֶ֑דֶת לָ֣מָּה תִשְׁבַּ֤ת הַמְּלָאכָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אַרְפֶּ֔הָ וְיָרַדְתִּ֖י אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ | So I sent messengers to them, and I said, “I am carrying out a major work, and I will not be able to come down. Why should the work stop, while I leave it and go down to you?” | |
| Neh 6:4 | וַיִּשְׁלְח֥וּ אֵלַ֛י כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אַרְבַּ֣ע פְּעָמִ֑ים וָאָשִׁ֥יב אוֹתָ֖ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | Then they sent word to me in the same way four times, and I replied to them in the same way. | in the same way (2x) ← as this matter. |
| Neh 6:5 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ אֵלַ֨י סַנְבַלַּ֜ט כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה פַּ֥עַם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית אֶֽת־נַעֲר֑וֹ וְאִגֶּ֥רֶת פְּתוּחָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | Then Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same way for a fifth time, with the letter open in his hand. | in the same way ← as this way. |
| Neh 6:6 | כָּת֣וּב בָּ֗הּ בַּגּוֹיִ֤ם נִשְׁמָע֙ וְגַשְׁמ֣וּ אֹמֵ֔ר אַתָּ֤ה וְהַיְּהוּדִים֙ חֹשְׁבִ֣ים לִמְר֔וֹד עַל־כֵּ֛ן אַתָּ֥ה בוֹנֶ֖ה הַחוֹמָ֑ה וְאַתָּ֗ה הֹוֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ | In it was written, “Among the nations it is reported, and Gashmu states, that you and the Jews are planning to rebel, which is why you are building the wall, and that you will be their king, in accordance with these things. |
reported ← heard.
Gashmu: Geshem of Neh 6:1. |
| Neh 6:7 | וְגַם־נְבִיאִ֡ים הֶעֱמַ֣דְתָּ לִקְרֹא֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ בִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר מֶ֚לֶךְ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְעַתָּה֙ יִשָּׁמַ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְעַתָּ֣ה לְכָ֔ה וְנִֽוָּעֲצָ֖ה יַחְדָּֽו׃ ס | And you have also appointed prophets to make proclamation about you in Jerusalem, saying, ‘The king is in Judah.’ So now, let it be reported to the king, in accordance with these things. Or come now, and let us take counsel together.” | reported ← heard. |
| Neh 6:8 | וָאֶשְׁלְחָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַתָּ֣ה אוֹמֵ֑ר כִּ֥י מִֽלִּבְּךָ֖ אַתָּ֥ה בוֹדָֽאם׃ | At this I sent word to him and said, “No such thing as what you say has happened, for you are devising them in your own heart.” |
at this: wider use of the vav.
no such thing as what you say has happened ← it has not been brought to pass according to these things which you say. in your own heart ← from your heart. |
| Neh 6:9 | כִּ֣י כֻלָּ֗ם מְיָֽרְאִ֤ים אוֹתָ֙נוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִרְפּ֧וּ יְדֵיהֶ֛ם מִן־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ה וְעַתָּ֖ה חַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָדָֽי׃ | For they were all intimidating us, saying, “The strength of their hands for the work will ebb away, and it will not be done.” “But now, strengthen my hands.” |
intimidating: or disheartening.
the strength of their hands for the work will ebb away ← their hands will relax from the work. |
| Neh 6:10 | וַאֲנִי־בָ֗אתִי בֵּ֣ית שְֽׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה בֶן־דְּלָיָ֛ה בֶּן־מְהֵֽיטַבְאֵ֖ל וְה֣וּא עָצ֑וּר וַיֹּ֡אמֶר נִוָּעֵד֩ אֶל־בֵּ֨ית הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַֽהֵיכָ֗ל וְנִסְגְּרָה֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַהֵיכָ֔ל כִּ֚י בָּאִ֣ים לְהָרְגֶ֔ךָ וְלַ֖יְלָה בָּאִ֥ים לְהָרְגֶֽךָ׃ | Then I went to the house of Shemaiah, the son of Delaiah, the son of Mehetabel, who was confined there, and he said, “Let us meet at the house of God, inside the temple, and let us close the doors of the temple, for they are coming to kill you, and it is tonight that they are coming to kill you.” |
Mehetabel ← Mehetab'el. AV= Mehetabeel, not recognizing that the third syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21.
they are coming to kill you (2x): otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| Neh 6:11 | וָאֹמְרָ֗ה הַאִ֤ישׁ כָּמ֙וֹנִי֙ יִבְרָ֔ח וּמִ֥י כָמ֛וֹנִי אֲשֶׁר־יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַהֵיכָ֖ל וָחָ֑י לֹ֖א אָבֽוֹא׃ | But I said, “Will a man such as myself flee? And who such as I would go into the temple for his life? I shall not go.” | for his life ← and be living. |
| Neh 6:12 | וָאַכִּ֕ירָה וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹֽא־אֱלֹהִ֖ים שְׁלָח֑וֹ כִּ֤י הַנְּבוּאָה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלַ֔י וְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה וְסַנְבַלַּ֖ט שְׂכָרֽוֹ׃ | And I became aware that God had not sent him, but that he had spoken the prophecy against me, and that Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him. | that ← and behold. |
| Neh 6:13 | לְמַ֤עַן שָׂכוּר֙ ה֔וּא לְמַֽעַן־אִירָ֥א וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־כֵּ֖ן וְחָטָ֑אתִי וְהָיָ֤ה לָהֶם֙ לְשֵׁ֣ם רָ֔ע לְמַ֖עַן יְחָֽרְפֽוּנִי׃ פ | He was hired for a purpose – so that I should be afraid and do that, and so sin, and they would have an ill report with which to reproach me. | do that ← do thus. |
| Neh 6:14 | זָכְרָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛י לְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה וּלְסַנְבַלַּ֖ט כְּמַעֲשָׂ֣יו אֵ֑לֶּה וְגַ֨ם לְנוֹעַדְיָ֤ה הַנְּבִיאָה֙ וּלְיֶ֣תֶר הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מְיָֽרְאִ֥ים אוֹתִֽי׃ | “Remember, O God of mine, Tobiah and Sanballat, according to these works of theirs, and also Noadiah the prophetess, and the rest of the prophets who were intimidating me.” |
of theirs ← of his.
intimidating: see Neh 6:9. |
| Neh 6:15 | וַתִּשְׁלַם֙ הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה בְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה לֶאֱל֑וּל לַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יֽוֹם׃ פ | And the wall was completed on the twenty-fifth of Elul, in fifty-two days. | Elul: around September. |
| Neh 6:16 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽרְא֗וּ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּפְּל֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י מֵאֵ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard this, that all the nations around us feared and were very downcast, and they knew that this work had been done by inducement from our God. |
feared: or, with [BHS-CA], saw. But hearing and subsequent fearing are a formula; compare Deut 13:12 (Deut 13:11AV), Deut 17:13, Deut 21:21. LXX, Vulgate = feared.
were very downcast ← they fell much in their eyes. by inducement from ← from with. |
| Neh 6:17 | גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם מַרְבִּ֞ים חֹרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ אִגְּרֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם הוֹלְכ֖וֹת עַל־טוֹבִיָּ֑ה וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לְטוֹבִיָּ֖ה בָּא֥וֹת אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Also in those days the nobles of Judah wrote many letters which went to Tobiah, and those of Tobiah came to them. | wrote many ← did much, multiplied. |
| Neh 6:18 | כִּי־רַבִּ֣ים בִּֽיהוּדָ֗ה בַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁבוּעָה֙ ל֔וֹ כִּי־חָתָ֥ן ה֖וּא לִשְׁכַנְיָ֣ה בֶן־אָרַ֑ח וִֽיהוֹחָנָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ לָקַ֕ח אֶת־בַּת־מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם בֶּ֥ן בֶּֽרֶכְיָֽה׃ | For there were many in Judah who had sworn allegiance to him, because he was the son-in-law of Shechaniah the son of Arah, and Jehohanan his son had taken the daughter of Meshullam the son of Berechiah as his wife. |
who had sworn allegiance ← possessors of an oath.
Jehohanan: see Ezra 10:6. |
| Neh 6:19 | גַּ֣ם טוֹבֹתָ֗יו הָי֤וּ אֹמְרִים֙ לְפָנַ֔י וּדְבָרַ֕י הָי֥וּ מוֹצִיאִ֖ים ל֑וֹ אִגְּר֛וֹת שָׁלַ֥ח טוֹבִיָּ֖ה לְיָֽרְאֵֽנִי׃ | They also recounted his good news to me, and my words were expounded to him, but Tobiah sent letters to intimidate me. |
recounted his good news to me ← said his good things before me.
were expounded ← they brought out. Avoidance of the passive. intimidate: see Neh 6:9. |
| Neh 7:1 | וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִבְנְתָה֙ הַחוֹמָ֔ה וָאַעֲמִ֖יד הַדְּלָת֑וֹת וַיִּפָּֽקְד֛וּ הַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And it came to pass when the wall was built that I installed the doors, and the gatekeepers and the singers and the Levites were appointed. | |
| Neh 7:2 | וָאֲצַוֶּ֞ה אֶת־חֲנָ֣נִי אָחִ֗י וְאֶת־חֲנַנְיָ֛ה שַׂ֥ר הַבִּירָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּי־הוּא֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֱמֶ֔ת וְיָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵרַבִּֽים׃ | And I assigned Hanani my brother, and Hananiah the official in charge of the citadel, to be in charge of Jerusalem, for the latter was very much a man of truth, and he feared God more than many. | very much: the ke denoting intensity. Compare [AnLx] כְּ II (c). |
| Neh 7:3 | *ויאמר **וָאֹמַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְעַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַדְּלָת֖וֹת וֶאֱחֹ֑זוּ וְהַעֲמֵ֗יד מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אִ֚ישׁ בְּמִשְׁמָר֔וֹ וְאִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | And {Q: I said} [K: he said] to them, “The gates of Jerusalem shall not be opened until the heat of the sun, and while the gatekeepers are standing by, let them shut the doors and fasten them.” And I set up watches from the inhabitants of Jerusalem – each man in his watch, and each man opposite his house. |
On the ketiv and qeré, see 2 Sam 1:8.
I set up: infinitive absolute acting as a finite verb. |
| Neh 7:4 | וְהָעִ֞יר רַחֲבַ֤ת יָדַ֙יִם֙ וּגְדוֹלָ֔ה וְהָעָ֥ם מְעַ֖ט בְּתוֹכָ֑הּ וְאֵ֥ין בָּתִּ֖ים בְּנוּיִֽם׃ | Now the city was very wide and large, but the people in it were few, and there were no houses built. | very wide ← wide of hands. |
| Neh 7:5 | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֱלֹהַי֙ אֶל־לִבִּ֔י וָאֶקְבְּצָ֞ה אֶת־הַחֹרִ֧ים וְאֶת־הַסְּגָנִ֛ים וְאֶת־הָעָ֖ם לְהִתְיַחֵ֑שׂ וָֽאֶמְצָ֗א סֵ֤פֶר הַיַּ֙חַשׂ֙ הָעוֹלִ֣ים בָּרִאשׁוֹנָ֔ה וָאֶמְצָ֖א כָּת֥וּב בּֽוֹ׃ פ | Then my God put it in my heart that I should assemble the nobles and the administrators and the people to be registered by genealogy, and I found the book of genealogy of those who had come up previously, and I found this written in it: | |
| Neh 7:6 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ בְּנֵ֣י הַמְּדִינָ֗ה הָעֹלִים֙ מִשְּׁבִ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיָּשׁ֧וּבוּ לִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם וְלִיהוּדָ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ לְעִירֽוֹ׃ | “The following are the fraternity of the province who came back up from the displaced body of deportees whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon deported, and who returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own city. |
|| Ezra 2:1.
the following ← these. fraternity ← sons. Similarly often throughout the chapter. See Ezra 2:1. |
| Neh 7:7 | הַבָּאִ֣ים עִם־זְרֻבָּבֶ֗ל יֵשׁ֡וּעַ נְחֶמְיָ֡ה עֲ֠זַרְיָה רַֽעַמְיָ֨ה נַחֲמָ֜נִי מָרְדֳּכַ֥י בִּלְשָׁ֛ן מִסְפֶּ֥רֶת בִּגְוַ֖י נְח֣וּם בַּעֲנָ֑ה מִסְפַּ֕ר אַנְשֵׁ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | Those who came with Zerubbabel were Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah. The number of men of the people of Israel was as follows: |
|| Ezra 2:2.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. Mordecai: see Esth 2:5. |
| Neh 7:8 | בְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔שׁ אַלְפַּ֕יִם מֵאָ֖ה וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Parosh numbered two thousand one hundred and seventy-two; |
|| Ezra 2:3.
fraternity: see Ezra 2:1. |
| Neh 7:9 | בְּנֵ֣י שְׁפַטְיָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Shephatiah numbered three hundred and seventy-two; | || Ezra 2:4. |
| Neh 7:10 | בְּנֵ֣י אָרַ֔ח שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Arah numbered six hundred and fifty-two; | || Ezra 2:5. |
| Neh 7:11 | בְּנֵֽי־פַחַ֥ת מוֹאָ֛ב לִבְנֵ֥י יֵשׁ֖וּעַ וְיוֹאָ֑ב אַלְפַּ֕יִם וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שְׁמֹנָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | the fraternity of Pahath-Moab, of the line of the fraternity of Jeshua-Joab, numbered two thousand eight hundred and eighteen; |
|| Ezra 2:6.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 7:12 | בְּנֵ֣י עֵילָ֔ם אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Elam numbered one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; | || Ezra 2:7. |
| Neh 7:13 | בְּנֵ֣י זַתּ֔וּא שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Zattu numbered eight hundred and forty-five; |
|| Ezra 2:8.
Zattu: see Neh 10:15 (Neh 10:14AV). |
| Neh 7:14 | בְּנֵ֣י זַכָּ֔י שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃ ס | the fraternity of Zaccai numbered seven hundred and sixty; | || Ezra 2:9. |
| Neh 7:15 | בְּנֵ֣י בִנּ֔וּי שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Binnui numbered six hundred and forty-eight; | || Ezra 2:10. |
| Neh 7:16 | בְּנֵ֣י בֵבָ֔י שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bebai numbered six hundred and twenty-eight; | || Ezra 2:11. |
| Neh 7:17 | בְּנֵ֣י עַזְגָּ֔ד אַלְפַּ֕יִם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Azgad numbered two thousand three hundred and twenty-two; | || Ezra 2:12. |
| Neh 7:18 | בְּנֵי֙ אֲדֹ֣נִיקָ֔ם שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Adonikam numbered six hundred and sixty-seven; | || Ezra 2:13. |
| Neh 7:19 | בְּנֵ֣י בִגְוָ֔י אַלְפַּ֖יִם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bigvai numbered two thousand and sixty-seven; | || Ezra 2:14. |
| Neh 7:20 | בְּנֵ֣י עָדִ֔ין שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Adin numbered six hundred and fifty-five; | || Ezra 2:15. |
| Neh 7:21 | בְּנֵֽי־אָטֵ֥ר לְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Ater, of Hezekiah's line, numbered ninety-eight; | || Ezra 2:16. |
| Neh 7:22 | בְּנֵ֣י חָשֻׁ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Hashum numbered three hundred and twenty-eight; | || Ezra 2:19. |
| Neh 7:23 | בְּנֵ֣י בֵצָ֔י שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Bezai numbered three hundred and twenty-four; | || Ezra 2:17. |
| Neh 7:24 | בְּנֵ֣י חָרִ֔יף מֵאָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | the fraternity of Hariph numbered one hundred and twelve; | || Ezra 2:18. |
| Neh 7:25 | בְּנֵ֥י גִבְע֖וֹן תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Gibeon numbered ninety-five; |
|| Ezra 2:20.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| Neh 7:26 | אַנְשֵׁ֤י בֵֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ וּנְטֹפָ֔ה מֵאָ֖ה שְׁמֹנִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the men of Bethlehem and Netophah numbered one hundred and eighty-eight; |
|| Ezra 2:21, Ezra 2:22.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| Neh 7:27 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י עֲנָת֔וֹת מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the men of Anathoth numbered one hundred and twenty-eight; | || Ezra 2:23. |
| Neh 7:28 | אַנְשֵׁ֥י בֵית־עַזְמָ֖וֶת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the men of Beth-Azmaveth numbered forty-two; | || Ezra 2:24. |
| Neh 7:29 | אַנְשֵׁ֨י קִרְיַ֤ת יְעָרִים֙ כְּפִירָ֣ה וּבְאֵר֔וֹת שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the men of Kiriath-Jearim, Chephirah and Beeroth numbered seven hundred and forty-three; |
|| Ezra 2:25.
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| Neh 7:30 | אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָֽרָמָה֙ וָגָ֔בַע שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד׃ ס | the men of Ramah and Geba numbered six hundred and twenty-one; |
|| Ezra 2:26.
Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| Neh 7:31 | אַנְשֵׁ֣י מִכְמָ֔ס מֵאָ֖ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the men of Michmas numbered one hundred and twenty-two; |
|| Ezra 2:27.
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2. |
| Neh 7:32 | אַנְשֵׁ֤י בֵֽית־אֵל֙ וְהָעָ֔י מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the men of Beth-El and Ai numbered one hundred and twenty-three; |
|| Ezra 2:28.
Ai: see Josh 7:2. |
| Neh 7:33 | אַנְשֵׁ֥י נְב֛וֹ אַחֵ֖ר חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the men of the other Nebo numbered fifty-two; | || Ezra 2:29. |
| Neh 7:34 | בְּנֵי֙ עֵילָ֣ם אַחֵ֔ר אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of the other Elam numbered one thousand two hundred and fifty-four; | || Ezra 2:31. |
| Neh 7:35 | בְּנֵ֣י חָרִ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | the fraternity of Harim numbered three hundred and twenty; | || Ezra 2:32. |
| Neh 7:36 | בְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֔וֹ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | the fraternity of Jericho numbered three hundred and forty-five; | || Ezra 2:34. |
| Neh 7:37 | בְּנֵי־לֹד֙ חָדִ֣יד וְאוֹנ֔וֹ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד׃ ס | the fraternity of Lod, Hadid and Ono numbered seven hundred and twenty-one; | || Ezra 2:33. |
| Neh 7:38 | בְּנֵ֣י סְנָאָ֔ה שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ פ | the fraternity of Senaah numbered three thousand nine hundred and thirty; | || Ezra 2:35. |
| Neh 7:39 | הַֽכֹּהֲנִ֑ים בְּנֵ֤י יְדַֽעְיָה֙ לְבֵ֣ית יֵשׁ֔וּעַ תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | the priests who were the sons of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, numbered nine hundred and seventy-three; |
|| Ezra 2:36.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 7:40 | בְּנֵ֣י אִמֵּ֔ר אֶ֖לֶף חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the fraternity of Immer numbered one thousand and fifty-two; | || Ezra 2:37. |
| Neh 7:41 | בְּנֵ֣י פַשְׁח֔וּר אֶ֕לֶף מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | the fraternity of Pashhur numbered one thousand two hundred and forty-seven; |
|| Ezra 2:38.
Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. |
| Neh 7:42 | בְּנֵ֣י חָרִ֔ם אֶ֖לֶף שִׁבְעָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ פ | the fraternity of Harim numbered one thousand and seventeen; | || Ezra 2:39. |
| Neh 7:43 | הַלְוִיִּ֑ם בְּנֵֽי־יֵשׁ֧וּעַ לְקַדְמִיאֵ֛ל לִבְנֵ֥י לְהוֹדְוָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | the Levites, the sons of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the sons of Hodevah, numbered seventy-four; |
|| Ezra 2:40.
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. Hodevah: elsewhere usually Hodaviah. |
| Neh 7:44 | הַֽמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים בְּנֵ֣י אָסָ֔ף מֵאָ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the singers, the sons of Asaph, numbered one hundred and forty-eight; | || Ezra 2:41. |
| Neh 7:45 | הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֗ים בְּנֵֽי־שַׁלּ֤וּם בְּנֵֽי־אָטֵר֙ בְּנֵֽי־טַלְמֹ֣ן בְּנֵֽי־עַקּ֔וּב בְּנֵ֥י חֲטִיטָ֖א בְּנֵ֣י שֹׁבָ֑י מֵאָ֖ה שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ ס | the gatekeepers, the sons of Shallum, the sons of Ater, the sons of Talmon, the sons of Akkub, the sons of Hatita, and the sons of Shobai, numbered one hundred and thirty-eight. | || Ezra 2:42. |
| Neh 7:46 | הַנְּתִינִ֑ים בְּנֵי־צִחָ֥א בְנֵי־חֲשֻׂפָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י טַבָּעֽוֹת׃ | The temple-servants, the sons of Ziha, the sons of Hasupha, the sons of Tabbaoth, |
|| Ezra 2:43.
Hasupha: AV= Hashupha here, but not in Ezra 2:43. |
| Neh 7:47 | בְּנֵי־קֵירֹ֥ס בְּנֵי־סִיעָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י פָדֽוֹן׃ | the sons of Keros, the sons of Sia, the sons of Padon, | || Ezra 2:44. |
| Neh 7:48 | בְּנֵי־לְבָנָ֥ה בְנֵי־חֲגָבָ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י שַׁלְמָֽי׃ | the sons of Lebanah, the sons of Hagabah, the sons of Shalmai, |
|| Ezra 2:45, Ezra 2:46.
Lebanah: AV= Lebana here. Hagabah: AV= Hagaba here. |
| Neh 7:49 | בְּנֵי־חָנָ֥ן בְּנֵי־גִדֵּ֖ל בְּנֵי־גָֽחַר׃ | the sons of Hanan, the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, | || Ezra 2:46, Ezra 2:47. |
| Neh 7:50 | בְּנֵי־רְאָיָ֥ה בְנֵי־רְצִ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י נְקוֹדָֽא׃ | the sons of Reaiah, the sons of Rezin, the sons of Nekoda, | || Ezra 2:47, Ezra 2:48. |
| Neh 7:51 | בְּנֵי־גַזָּ֥ם בְּנֵי־עֻזָּ֖א בְּנֵ֥י פָסֵֽחַ׃ | the sons of Gazzam, the sons of Uzza, the sons of Paseah, |
|| Ezra 2:48, Ezra 2:49.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. Paseah: AV= Phaseah here, but not in Ezra 2:49. Phaseah is the lenited form (ph for p). |
| Neh 7:52 | בְּנֵי־בֵסַ֥י בְּנֵי־מְעוּנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י *נפושסים **נְפִֽישְׁסִֽים׃ | the sons of Besai, the sons of Meunim, the sons of {Q: Nephishesim} [K: Nephushesim], | || Ezra 2:49, Ezra 2:50. |
| Neh 7:53 | בְּנֵי־בַקְבּ֥וּק בְּנֵֽי־חֲקוּפָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י חַרְחֽוּר׃ | the sons of Bakbuk, the sons of Hakupha, the sons of Harhur, | || Ezra 2:51. |
| Neh 7:54 | בְּנֵי־בַצְלִ֥ית בְּנֵֽי־מְחִידָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י חַרְשָֽׁא׃ | the sons of Bazlith, the sons of Mehida, the sons of Harsha, | || Ezra 2:52. |
| Neh 7:55 | בְּנֵי־בַרְק֥וֹס בְּֽנֵי־סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּנֵי־תָֽמַח׃ | the sons of Barkos, the sons of Sisera, the sons of Tamah, | || Ezra 2:53. |
| Neh 7:56 | בְּנֵ֥י נְצִ֖יחַ בְּנֵ֥י חֲטִיפָֽא׃ | the sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha, | || Ezra 2:54. |
| Neh 7:57 | בְּנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה בְּנֵי־סוֹטַ֥י בְּנֵי־סוֹפֶ֖רֶת בְּנֵ֥י פְרִידָֽא׃ | the sons of Solomon's servants, the sons of Sotai, the sons of Sophereth, the sons of Perida, | || Ezra 2:55. |
| Neh 7:58 | בְּנֵי־יַעְלָ֥א בְנֵי־דַרְק֖וֹן בְּנֵ֥י גִדֵּֽל׃ | the sons of Jaala, the sons of Darkon, the sons of Giddel, | || Ezra 2:56. |
| Neh 7:59 | בְּנֵ֧י שְׁפַטְיָ֣ה בְנֵֽי־חַטִּ֗יל בְּנֵ֛י פֹּכֶ֥רֶת הַצְּבָיִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י אָמֽוֹן׃ | the sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth of the Zebaim, the sons of Amon – | || Ezra 2:57. |
| Neh 7:60 | כָּל־הַ֨נְּתִינִ֔ים וּבְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ פ | all the temple-servants and the sons of Solomon's servants numbered three hundred and ninety-two. | || Ezra 2:58. |
| Neh 7:61 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה הָֽעוֹלִים֙ מִתֵּ֥ל מֶ֙לַח֙ תֵּ֣ל חַרְשָׁ֔א כְּר֥וּב אַדּ֖וֹן וְאִמֵּ֑ר וְלֹ֣א יָכְל֗וּ לְהַגִּ֤יד בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָם֙ וְזַרְעָ֔ם אִ֥ם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽם׃ | And the following are those who came up from Tel-Melah, Tel-Harsha, Cherub, Addon and Immer, but they could not specify their paternal house or their family line – whether they were of Israel – : |
|| Ezra 2:59.
the following ← these. Tel-Harsha: AV= Tel-haresha here, not recognizing a closed syllable, but different again in Ezra 2:59. specify ← tell. family line ← seed. |
| Neh 7:62 | בְּנֵי־דְלָיָ֥ה בְנֵֽי־טוֹבִיָּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י נְקוֹדָ֑א שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | the sons of Delaiah, the sons of Tobiah, and the sons of Nekoda, who numbered six hundred and forty-two, | || Ezra 2:60. |
| Neh 7:63 | וּמִן־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֥י חֳבַיָּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הַקּ֑וֹץ בְּנֵ֣י בַרְזִלַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָ֠קַח מִבְּנ֞וֹת בַּרְזִלַּ֤י הַגִּלְעָדִי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּקָּרֵ֖א עַל־שְׁמָֽם׃ | and those of the priests who were the sons of Hobaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, and the sons of Barzillai who took a wife from the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and he was named after them. |
|| Ezra 2:61.
Hobaiah: see Ezra 2:61. Hakkoz: see Neh 3:21. Gileadite: see Gen 31:21. named after them ← called after their name. |
| Neh 7:64 | אֵ֗לֶּה בִּקְשׁ֧וּ כְתָבָ֛ם הַמִּתְיַחְשִׂ֖ים וְלֹ֣א נִמְצָ֑א וַיְגֹֽאֲל֖וּ מִן־הַכְּהֻנָּֽה׃ | These looked for their registration among those registered by genealogy, but it wasn't found, and they were disqualified from the priesthood as extraneous. |
|| Ezra 2:62.
registration ← writing. were disqualified ... as extraneous ← were polluted. |
| Neh 7:65 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַתִּרְשָׁ֙תָא֙ לָהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יֹאכְל֖וּ מִקֹּ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים עַ֛ד עֲמֹ֥ד הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לְאוּרִ֥ים וְתוּמִּֽים׃ | And the governor told them that they were not to eat anything from the holy of holies until the priest should stand with Urim and Thummim. |
|| Ezra 2:63.
governor: see Ezra 2:63. stand with ← stand for. Urim and Thummim: see Ex 28:30. |
| Neh 7:66 | כָּל־הַקָּהָ֖ל כְּאֶחָ֑ד אַרְבַּ֣ע רִבּ֔וֹא אַלְפַּ֖יִם שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃ | The whole convocation together numbered forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty people, |
|| Ezra 2:64.
together ← as one. |
| Neh 7:67 | מִ֠לְּבַד עַבְדֵיהֶ֤ם וְאַמְהֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אֵ֔לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וְשִׁבְעָ֑ה וְלָהֶ֗ם מְשֹֽׁרֲרִים֙ וּמְשֹׁ֣רֲר֔וֹת מָאתַ֖יִם וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | apart from these menservants and maidservants of theirs – seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven of them. And they also had two hundred and forty-five male and female singers. |
|| Ezra 2:65.
THE AV INSERTS AN EXTRA VERSE AFTER THIS VERSE. Absent in LXX, Vulgate. The verse is found in some manuscripts [BHS-CA], [CB]. The contents are as most of Ezra 2:66. |
| Neh 7:68 Neh 7:69AV |
גְּמַלִּ֕ים אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה ס חֲמֹרִ֕ים שֵׁ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | There were four hundred and thirty-five camels and six thousand seven hundred and twenty donkeys. | || Ezra 2:67. |
| Neh 7:69 Neh 7:70AV |
וּמִקְצָת֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֔וֹת נָתְנ֖וּ לַמְּלָאכָ֑ה הַתִּרְשָׁ֜תָא נָתַ֣ן לָאוֹצָ֗ר זָהָ֞ב דַּרְכְּמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ מִזְרָק֣וֹת חֲמִשִּׁ֔ים כָּתְנוֹת֙ כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And some of the paternal heads contributed to the work. The governor gave one thousand darics of gold to the treasury, fifty bowls and five hundred and thirty priests' gowns. |
|| Ezra 2:68, Ezra 2:69.
some of ← (some) of the whole. contributed ← gave. darics: a daric is a gold coin. |
| Neh 7:70 Neh 7:71AV |
וּמֵֽרָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֗וֹת נָֽתְנוּ֙ לְאוֹצַ֣ר הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה זָהָ֕ב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֣י רִבּ֑וֹת וְכֶ֕סֶף מָנִ֖ים אַלְפַּ֥יִם וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ | And some of the paternal heads gave twenty thousand darics of gold and two thousand two hundred manehs of silver to the treasury of the work. |
|| Ezra 2:69.
darics: a daric is a gold coin. manehs: 1 maneh = 100 shekels. See 1 Ki 10:17. |
| Neh 7:71 Neh 7:72AV |
וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֮ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָעָם֒ זָהָ֗ב דַּרְכְּמוֹנִים֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י רִבּ֔וֹא וְכֶ֖סֶף מָנִ֣ים אַלְפָּ֑יִם וְכָתְנֹ֥ת כֹּֽהֲנִ֖ים שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃ פ | And this is what the rest of the people gave: twenty thousand darics of gold, and two thousand manehs of silver, and sixty-seven priests' gowns.” |
|| Ezra 2:69.
darics: a daric is a gold coin. manehs: 1 maneh = 100 shekels. See 1 Ki 10:17. |
| Neh 7:72 Neh 7:73AV |
וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֡ם וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִים֩ וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֨ים וּמִן־הָעָ֧ם וְהַנְּתִינִ֛ים וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּעָרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּגַּע֙ הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the priests and the Levites, and the gatekeepers and the singers, and some of the people, and the temple-servants and all Israel lived in their cities, and by the time the seventh month came, the sons of Israel were in their cities. |
|| Ezra 2:70, Ezra 3:1.
and by the time: wider use of the vav. |
| Neh 8:1 | וַיֵּאָסְפ֤וּ כָל־הָעָם֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד אֶל־הָ֣רְח֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ לְעֶזְרָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֔ר לְהָבִ֗יא אֶת־סֵ֙פֶר֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And all the people gathered in unison in the square which was opposite the Water Gate, and they told Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the Lord had commanded Israel to observe. |
|| Ezra 3:1.
in unison ← as one man. |
| Neh 8:2 | וַיָּבִ֣יא עֶזְרָ֣א הַ֠כֹּהֵן אֶֽת־הַתּוֹרָ֞ה לִפְנֵ֤י הַקָּהָל֙ מֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל מֵבִ֣ין לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | And Ezra the priest presented the law to the convocation, to both men and women, and everyone who would understand on hearing it, on the first day of the seventh month. |
presented the law to ← brought the law before.
to both men and women ← from man and to woman. on hearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Neh 8:3 | וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י הָרְח֜וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּ֗יִם מִן־הָאוֹר֙ עַד־מַחֲצִ֣ית הַיּ֔וֹם נֶ֛גֶד הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־סֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And he read from it facing the square which was opposite the Water Gate, from first light until midday, in the presence of the men and the women and those who understood. And the ears of all the people were riveted to the book of the law. | from it ← in it. See Dan 5:3. |
| Neh 8:4 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֞ד עֶזְרָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֗ר עַֽל־מִגְדַּל־עֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ לַדָּבָר֒ וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד אֶצְל֡וֹ מַתִּתְיָ֡ה וְשֶׁ֡מַע וַ֠עֲנָיָה וְאוּרִיָּ֧ה וְחִלְקִיָּ֛ה וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה עַל־יְמִינ֑וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאל֗וֹ פְּ֠דָיָה וּמִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל וּמַלְכִּיָּ֛ה וְחָשֻׁ֥ם וְחַשְׁבַּדָּ֖נָה זְכַרְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ פ | And Ezra the scribe stood on a wooden tower which they had made for the occasion, and next to him stood Mattithiah and Shema and Anaiah and Uriah and Hilkiah and Maaseiah on his right, and on his left were Pedaiah and Mishael and Malchijah and Hashum and Hashbaddanah, Zechariah and Meshullam. |
occasion ← thing, word.
Uriah: AV= Urijah here. See 2 Ki 16:10. Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1. Hashbaddanah: AV= Hashbadana. |
| Neh 8:5 | וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח עֶזְרָ֤א הַסֵּ֙פֶר֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־מֵעַ֥ל כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הָיָ֑ה וּכְפִתְח֖וֹ עָֽמְד֥וּ כָל־הָעָֽם׃ | And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people, for he was higher up than all the people, and when he opened it, all the people stood up. | higher up than ← higher up above. |
| Neh 8:6 | וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ עֶזְרָ֔א אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הַגָּד֑וֹל וַיַּֽעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם אָמֵ֤ן ׀ אָמֵן֙ בְּמֹ֣עַל יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְּד֧וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲוֻּ֛ לַיהוָ֖ה אַפַּ֥יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ | And Ezra blessed the great Lord God, and all the people answered, “Amen, amen”, with their arms raised, then they bowed to and worshipped the Lord face down to the ground. | their arms raised ← lifting up of their arms / hands. |
| Neh 8:7 | וְיֵשׁ֡וּעַ וּבָנִ֡י וְשֵׁרֵ֥בְיָ֣ה ׀ יָמִ֡ין עַקּ֡וּב שַׁבְּתַ֣י ׀ הֽוֹדִיָּ֡ה מַעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה קְלִיטָ֣א עֲזַרְיָה֩ יוֹזָבָ֨ד חָנָ֤ן פְּלָאיָה֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מְבִינִ֥ים אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לַתּוֹרָ֑ה וְהָעָ֖ם עַל־עָמְדָֽם׃ | And Jeshua and Bani and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodijah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah and the Levites expounded the law to the people, and the people stood glued to their place. |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
stood glued to their place ← (were) on their standing place. |
| Neh 8:8 | וַֽיִּקְרְא֥וּ בַסֵּ֛פֶר בְּתוֹרַ֥ת הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מְפֹרָ֑שׁ וְשׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל וַיָּבִ֖ינוּ בַּמִּקְרָֽא׃ ס | And they read from the book of the law of God distinctly, and they gave insight, and they enabled them to understand the reading. |
from the book ← in the book.
they gave: infinitive absolute. they enabled them to understand: compare Neh 8:7, Neh 8:9 (expounded). Alternatively, they understood. the reading ← in the reading. |
| Neh 8:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נְחֶמְיָ֣ה ה֣וּא הַתִּרְשָׁ֡תָא וְעֶזְרָ֣א הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ הַסֹּפֵ֡ר וְהַלְוִיִּם֩ הַמְּבִינִ֨ים אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַיּ֤וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ־הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּל֖וּ וְאַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ כִּ֤י בוֹכִים֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כְּשָׁמְעָ֖ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And Nehemiah, who was the governor, and Ezra the priest, the scribe, and the Levites who expounded to the people, said to all the people, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn and do not weep.” For all the people wept when they heard the words of the law. | |
| Neh 8:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֡ם לְכוּ֩ אִכְל֨וּ מַשְׁמַנִּ֜ים וּשְׁת֣וּ מַֽמְתַקִּ֗ים וְשִׁלְח֤וּ מָנוֹת֙ לְאֵ֣ין נָכ֣וֹן ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־קָד֥וֹשׁ הַיּ֖וֹם לַאֲדֹנֵ֑ינוּ וְאַל־תֵּ֣עָצֵ֔בוּ כִּֽי־חֶדְוַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה הִ֥יא מָֽעֻזְּכֶֽם׃ | And he said to them, “Go and eat rich food, and drink sweet drinks, and send portions to him who has nothing prepared for him, for the day is holy to our Lord. And do not be grieved, for the joy of the Lord is your stronghold.” | |
| Neh 8:11 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם מַחְשִׁ֤ים לְכָל־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֣ר הַ֔סּוּ כִּ֥י הַיּ֖וֹם קָדֹ֑שׁ וְאַל־תֵּעָצֵֽבוּ׃ | And the Levites made all the people be quiet, and they said, “Be quiet, for this day is holy, and do not be grieved.” | |
| Neh 8:12 | וַיֵּלְכ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם לֶאֱכֹ֤ל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת֙ וּלְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָנ֔וֹת וְלַעֲשׂ֖וֹת שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה כִּ֤י הֵבִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָהֶֽם׃ ס | Then all the people went to eat and to drink and to send portions and to celebrate with great joy, for they understood the words which had been made known to them. |
celebrate ← do.
had been made known ← they made known. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Neh 8:13 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֡י נֶאֶסְפוּ֩ רָאשֵׁ֨י הָאָב֜וֹת לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶל־עֶזְרָ֖א הַסֹּפֵ֑ר וּלְהַשְׂכִּ֖יל אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And on the second day, the paternal heads of all the people, and the priests and the Levites, gathered around Ezra the scribe, and it was to gain insight into the words of the law. | gathered around ← gathered to. |
| Neh 8:14 | וַֽיִּמְצְא֖וּ כָּת֣וּב בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֩ יֵשְׁב֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל בַּסֻּכּ֛וֹת בֶּחָ֖ג בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | And they found written in the law which the Lord had commanded through the intermediacy of Moses, that the sons of Israel should live in tabernacles during the festival in the seventh month, | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Neh 8:15 | וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יַשְׁמִ֗יעוּ וְיַעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בְּכָל־עָרֵיהֶם֮ וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ צְא֣וּ הָהָ֗ר וְהָבִ֙יאוּ֙ עֲלֵי־זַ֙יִת֙ וַעֲלֵי־עֵ֣ץ שֶׁ֔מֶן וַעֲלֵ֤י הֲדַס֙ וַעֲלֵ֣י תְמָרִ֔ים וַעֲלֵ֖י עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֑ת לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת סֻכֹּ֖ת כַּכָּתֽוּב׃ פ | and that they should proclaim and publish an announcement in all their cities and in Jerusalem, saying, “Go out to the mountain and bring back olive foliage, and wild olive foliage, and myrtle foliage, and palm foliage, and foliage from bushy trees, to make tabernacles, as it is written.” | publish an announcement ← cause a voice to pass through. |
| Neh 8:16 | וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הָעָם֮ וַיָּבִיאוּ֒ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ֩ לָהֶ֨ם סֻכּ֜וֹת אִ֤ישׁ עַל־גַּגּוֹ֙ וּבְחַצְרֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְחַצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבִרְחוֹב֙ שַׁ֣עַר הַמַּ֔יִם וּבִרְח֖וֹב שַׁ֥עַר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | So the people went out and brought them, and they made themselves tabernacles, each one on his roof and in their courtyards and in the courtyards of the house of God, and in the square of the Water Gate and in the square of the Gate of Ephraim. | |
| Neh 8:17 | וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֣וּ כָֽל־הַ֠קָּהָל הַשָּׁבִ֨ים מִן־הַשְּׁבִ֥י ׀ סֻכּוֹת֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ בַסֻּכּוֹת֒ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־עָשׂ֡וּ מִימֵי֩ יֵשׁ֨וּעַ בִּן־נ֥וּן כֵּן֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַתְּהִ֥י שִׂמְחָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And the whole convocation of those who returned from captivity made tabernacles, and they lived in the tabernacles, which the sons of Israel had not done like this since the days of Jeshua the son of Nun up to this day, and there was very great joy. | Jeshua: i.e. Joshua, also here in the LXX transliterated as Ἰησοῦς, the spelling of Jesus in the NT. |
| Neh 8:18 | וַ֠יִּקְרָא בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֤ת הָאֱלֹהִים֙ י֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֔וֹם מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֲר֑וֹן וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־חָג֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י עֲצֶ֖רֶת כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ פ | And he read from the book of the law of God day by day, from the first day to the last day, and they celebrated the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day there was a solemn assembly according to the ordinance. |
from the book ← in the book. See Dan 5:3.
celebrated ← did. |
| Neh 9:1 | וּבְיוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֗ה נֶאֶסְפ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּצ֣וֹם וּבְשַׂקִּ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then on the twenty-fourth day of this month, the sons of Israel assembled, fasting and in sackcloth and with soil on them. | |
| Neh 9:2 | וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וַיַּעַמְד֗וּ וַיִּתְוַדּוּ֙ עַל־חַטֹּ֣אתֵיהֶ֔ם וַעֲוֺנ֖וֹת אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the seed of Israel were separated from all the foreigners, and they stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their fathers. |
seed: with a plural verb in Hebrew.
foreigners ← sons of foreigners. |
| Neh 9:3 | וַיָּק֙וּמוּ֙ עַל־עָמְדָ֔ם וַֽיִּקְרְא֗וּ בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם רְבִעִ֣ית הַיּ֑וֹם וּרְבִעִית֙ מִתְוַדִּ֣ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔ים לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And they stood up in their place, and they read from the book of the law of the Lord their God for a quarter of a day, and for another quarter they confessed and worshipped the Lord their God. |
place ← standing-place.
from the book ← in the book. See Dan 5:3. |
| Neh 9:4 | וַיָּ֜קָם עַֽל־מַֽעֲלֵ֣ה הַלְוִיִּ֗ם יֵשׁ֨וּעַ וּבָנִ֜י קַדְמִיאֵ֧ל שְׁבַנְיָ֛ה בֻּנִּ֥י שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה בָּנִ֣י כְנָ֑נִי וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then Jeshua and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani and Chenani arose on the Levites' platform and cried out in a loud voice to the Lord their God. | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 9:5 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ הַלְוִיִּ֡ם יֵשׁ֣וּעַ וְ֠קַדְמִיאֵל בָּנִ֨י חֲשַׁבְנְיָ֜ה שֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֤ה הֽוֹדִיָּה֙ שְׁבַנְיָ֣ה פְתַֽחְיָ֔ה ק֗וּמוּ בָּרֲכוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם מִן־הָעוֹלָ֖ם עַד־הָעוֹלָ֑ם וִיבָֽרְכוּ֙ שֵׁ֣ם כְּבוֹדֶ֔ךָ וּמְרוֹמַ֥ם עַל־כָּל־בְּרָכָ֖ה וּתְהִלָּֽה׃ |
And the Levites, Jeshua and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah and Pethahiah said,
“Arise and bless the Lord your God From age to age.” “And may your glorious name be blessed, Which is exalted above all blessing and praise. |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
may your glorious name be blessed ← let them bless the name of your glory. Avoidance of the passive and a Hebraic genitive. |
| Neh 9:6 | אַתָּה־ה֣וּא יְהוָה֮ לְבַדֶּךָ֒ *את **אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֡יתָ אֶֽת־הַשָּׁמַיִם֩ שְׁמֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֗ם הָאָ֜רֶץ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ הַיַּמִּים֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֔ם וְאַתָּ֖ה מְחַיֶּ֣ה אֶת־כֻּלָּ֑ם וּצְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לְךָ֥ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִֽים׃ |
You alone are the Lord. You made heaven, The heaven of heavens and all their array, The earth and everything on it, The seas and everything in them, And you give them all life. And the array of heaven worships you. |
you (second occurrence in verse): the ketiv is the feminine form, but it can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré, perhaps under Aramaic influence (אַנְתְּ). |
| Neh 9:7 | אַתָּה־הוּא֙ יְהוָ֣ה הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּחַ֙רְתָּ֙ בְּאַבְרָ֔ם וְהוֹצֵאת֖וֹ מֵא֣וּר כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וְשַׂ֥מְתָּ שְּׁמ֖וֹ אַבְרָהָֽם׃ |
You are the Lord God Who chose Abram And brought him out of Ur of the Chaldees And appointed his name as Abraham. |
|
| Neh 9:8 | וּמָצָ֣אתָ אֶת־לְבָבוֹ֮ נֶאֱמָ֣ן לְפָנֶיךָ֒ וְכָר֨וֹת עִמּ֜וֹ הַבְּרִ֗ית לָתֵ֡ת אֶת־אֶרֶץ֩ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֨י הַחִתִּ֜י הָאֱמֹרִ֧י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֛י וְהַיְבוּסִ֥י וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י לָתֵ֣ת לְזַרְע֑וֹ וַתָּ֙קֶם֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ כִּ֥י צַדִּ֖יק אָֽתָּה׃ |
And you found his heart to be faithful before you, And you made a covenant with him To give the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite And the Perizzite and the Jebusite and the Girgashite – To give it to his seed – And you fulfilled your words, For you are righteous. |
you made a covenant: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
Amorite: see Gen 10:16. |
| Neh 9:9 | וַתֵּ֛רֶא אֶת־עֳנִ֥י אֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־זַעֲקָתָ֥ם שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃ |
And you saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, And you heard their cry at the Red Sea. |
Red Sea ← Sedge Sea. |
| Neh 9:10 | וַ֠תִּתֵּן אֹתֹ֨ת וּמֹֽפְתִ֜ים בְּפַרְעֹ֤ה וּבְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וּבְכָל־עַ֣ם אַרְצ֔וֹ כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֥י הֵזִ֖ידוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתַּֽעַשׂ־לְךָ֥ שֵׁ֖ם כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ |
And you performed signs and miracles against Pharaoh And against all his servants And against all the people of his land, For you know that they acted presumptuously against them, And you made yourself a name, As it is today. |
performed ← gave. |
| Neh 9:11 | וְהַיָּם֙ בָּקַ֣עְתָּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּֽעַבְר֥וּ בְתוֹךְ־הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְֽאֶת־רֹ֨דְפֵיהֶ֜ם הִשְׁלַ֧כְתָּ בִמְצוֹלֹ֛ת כְּמוֹ־אֶ֖בֶן בְּמַ֥יִם עַזִּֽים׃ |
And you divided the sea in front of them, And they crossed in the middle of the sea on dry land, But you cast those chasing them into the depths, Like a stone in fierce waters. |
Compare Ex 15:5. |
| Neh 9:12 | וּבְעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֔ן הִנְחִיתָ֖ם יוֹמָ֑ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵשׁ֙ לַ֔יְלָה לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
And by day you led them with a column of cloud, And by night with a pillar of fire, To light up for them the way By which they were to go. |
|
| Neh 9:13 | וְעַ֤ל הַר־סִינַי֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ וְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּהֶ֖ם מִשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מִשְׁפָּטִ֤ים יְשָׁרִים֙ וְתוֹר֣וֹת אֱמֶ֔ת חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִצְוֺ֖ת טוֹבִֽים׃ |
And you came down onto Mount Sinai, And you spoke with them from heaven, And you gave them upright judgments And truthful laws And good statutes and commandments. |
you spoke: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb.
truthful laws ← laws of truth, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Neh 9:14 | וְאֶת־שַׁבַּ֥ת קָדְשְׁךָ֖ הוֹדַ֣עַתָ לָהֶ֑ם וּמִצְו֤וֹת וְחֻקִּים֙ וְתוֹרָ֔ה צִוִּ֣יתָ לָהֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ |
And you made your holy Sabbath known to them, And you gave them commandments and statutes and law Through the intermediacy of Moses your servant. |
holy Sabbath ← Sabbath of holiness.
gave ... commandments ← commanded commandments. intermediacy ← hand. |
| Neh 9:15 | וְ֠לֶחֶם מִשָּׁמַ֜יִם נָתַ֤תָּה לָהֶם֙ לִרְעָבָ֔ם וּמַ֗יִם מִסֶּ֛לַע הוֹצֵ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם לִצְמָאָ֑ם וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָשָׂ֥אתָ אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ |
And you gave them bread from heaven When they were hungry, And you brought water out of a rock for them When they were thirsty, And you instructed them to come and inherit the land Concerning which you took an oath To give it to them. |
when they were hungry ... thirsty ← in their hunger ... thirst.
instructed them ← said to them. took an oath ← raised your hand. |
| Neh 9:16 | וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃ |
But they and our fathers acted presumptuously, And they became stiff-necked And did not heed your commandments. |
became stiff-necked ← hardened their necks. |
| Neh 9:17 | וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְלֹא־זָכְר֤וּ נִפְלְאֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּהֶ֔ם וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וַיִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָשׁ֥וּב לְעַבְדֻתָ֖ם בְּמִרְיָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת חַנּ֧וּן וְרַח֛וּם אֶֽרֶךְ־אַפַּ֥יִם וְרַב־*וחסד **חֶ֖סֶד וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּֽם׃ |
And they refused to hear, And they did not remember your wonders Which you performed with them, And they became stiff-necked, And they appointed a head man So as to return to their slavery in their rebellion. But you are a God of forgiveness, Gracious and compassionate, Forbearing and {Q: of great kindness} [K: great and kind], And you did not desert them. |
became stiff-necked ← stiffened their necks.
forgiveness ← “forgivenesses”. |
| Neh 9:18 | אַ֗ף כִּֽי־עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֶלְךָ֖ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃ |
Even when they made themselves a cast calf And said, ‘This is your God Who brought you up out of Egypt’, And they committed gross blasphemies, |
God: or god, but in this case we represent the calf-makers' contention that the calf is the God of Israel. Ex 32:4 and Ex 32:8 use a plural these (are) your gods, which is why we use gods there. Compare 2 Thes 2:4 for another false claim about God. |
| Neh 9:19 | וְאַתָּה֙ בְּרַחֲמֶ֣יךָ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים לֹ֥א עֲזַבְתָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר אֶת־עַמּ֣וּד הֶ֠עָנָן לֹא־סָ֨ר מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֤ם בְּיוֹמָם֙ לְהַנְחֹתָ֣ם בְּהַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְאֶת־עַמּ֨וּד הָאֵ֤שׁ בְּלַ֙יְלָה֙ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃ |
You still in your many mercies Did not abandon them in the desert. The column of cloud did not go away from them by day, It being to lead them on the way, Nor did the pillar of fire by night, It being to give them light And to light up the way which they were to go. |
you still ← and you. Adversative use of the vav, translated adverbially. |
| Neh 9:20 | וְרוּחֲךָ֨ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה נָתַ֖תָּ לְהַשְׂכִּילָ֑ם וּמַנְךָ֙ לֹא־מָנַ֣עְתָּ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וּמַ֛יִם נָתַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם לִצְמָאָֽם׃ |
And you gave your good spirit to enlighten them, And you did not withhold your manna from their mouth, And you gave them water for their thirst. |
|
| Neh 9:21 | וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה כִּלְכַּלְתָּ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לֹ֣א חָסֵ֑רוּ שַׂלְמֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א בָל֔וּ וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א בָצֵֽקוּ׃ |
And you sustained them for forty years in the desert; They did not lack anything. Their clothes did not wear out, And their feet did not swell. |
|
| Neh 9:22 | וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֤ם מַמְלָכוֹת֙ וַעֲמָמִ֔ים וַֽתַּחְלְקֵ֖ם לְפֵאָ֑ה וַיִּֽירְשׁ֞וּ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ סִיח֗וֹן וְאֶת־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ ע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָֽׁן׃ |
And you gave them kingdoms and peoples, And you apportioned them territory, And they inherited the land of Sihon And the land of the king of Heshbon And the land of Og king of Bashan. |
Bashan ← the Bashan. |
| Neh 9:23 | וּבְנֵיהֶ֣ם הִרְבִּ֔יתָ כְּכֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתְּבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥רְתָּ לַאֲבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם לָב֥וֹא לָרָֽשֶׁת׃ |
And you increased the number of their sons like the stars of the sky, And you brought them to the land Which you told their fathers to come into And inherit. |
|
| Neh 9:24 | וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַבָּנִים֙ וַיִּֽירְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתַּכְנַ֨ע לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ הַכְּנַ֣עֲנִ֔ים וַֽתִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדָ֑ם וְאֶת־מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־עַֽמְמֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בָּהֶ֖ם כִּרְצוֹנָֽם׃ |
And the sons came and inherited the land, And you subdued the inhabitants of the land – The Canaanites – at their advance, And you delivered them into their hand, Including their kings and the various peoples of the land, To do what they wanted with them. |
at their advance ← before them.
what they wanted ← according to their will. |
| Neh 9:25 | וַֽיִּלְכְּד֞וּ עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻרוֹת֮ וַאֲדָמָ֣ה שְׁמֵנָה֒ וַיִּֽירְשׁ֡וּ בָּתִּ֣ים מְלֵֽאִים־כָּל־ט֠וּב בֹּר֨וֹת חֲצוּבִ֜ים כְּרָמִ֧ים וְזֵיתִ֛ים וְעֵ֥ץ מַאֲכָ֖ל לָרֹ֑ב וַיֹּאכְל֤וּ וַֽיִּשְׂבְּעוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁמִ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽתְעַדְּנ֖וּ בְּטוּבְךָ֥ הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ |
And they captured fortified cities and fertile land, And they inherited houses full of all good accessories – Hewn cisterns, vineyards and olive groves And orchard trees in abundance – And they ate and were satisfied and became fat, And they lived luxuriously in your great goodness. |
fertile ← fat.
orchard ← food. |
| Neh 9:26 | וַיַּמְר֨וּ וַֽיִּמְרְד֜וּ בָּ֗ךְ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤כוּ אֶת־תּוֹרָֽתְךָ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוָּ֔ם וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔גוּ אֲשֶׁר־הֵעִ֥ידוּ בָ֖ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדוֹלֹֽת׃ |
But they became contentious And they rebelled against you, And they cast your law behind their back, And they killed your prophets, Who testified against them To turn them back to you, And they committed gross blasphemies. |
|
| Neh 9:27 | וַֽתִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַ֣ד צָֽרֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּצֵ֖רוּ לָהֶ֑ם וּבְעֵ֤ת צָֽרָתָם֙ יִצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּה֙ מִשָּׁמַ֣יִם תִּשְׁמָ֔ע וּֽכְרַחֲמֶ֣יךָ הָֽרַבִּ֗ים תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ מֽוֹשִׁיעִ֔ים וְיוֹשִׁיע֖וּם מִיַּ֥ד צָרֵיהֶֽם׃ |
Then you delivered them into the hand of their adversaries, Who maltreated them. Then in the time of their distress they cried out to you, And you heard them from heaven. And according to your many mercies, you gave them saviours Who saved them from the hand of their adversaries. |
|
| Neh 9:28 | וּכְנ֣וֹחַ לָהֶ֔ם יָשׁ֕וּבוּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רַ֖ע לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַתַּֽעַזְבֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּרְדּ֣וּ בָהֶ֔ם וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ וַיִּזְעָק֔וּךָ וְאַתָּ֞ה מִשָּׁמַ֧יִם תִּשְׁמַ֛ע וְתַצִּילֵ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמֶ֖יךָ רַבּ֥וֹת עִתִּֽים׃ |
But when they had quiet, They again did what was wrong before you, And you abandoned them in the hand of their enemies, Who trod them down. Then they cried out to you again, And you heard from heaven, And you saved them according to your mercies many times. |
|
| Neh 9:29 | וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃ |
And you testified against them, So as to bring them back to your law, But they acted presumptuously And did not heed your commandments. And as for your judicial principles, they sinned against them – Principles which a man shall observe and live by – And they shrugged their wayward shoulders And stiffened their necks And did not heed them. |
shrugged ← gave.
shoulders ← shoulder. necks ← neck. Singular in Hebrew because one item per person. Compare Ezek 33:26. |
| Neh 9:30 | וַתִּמְשֹׁ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ שָׁנִ֣ים רַבּ֔וֹת וַתָּ֨עַד בָּ֧ם בְּרוּחֲךָ֛ בְּיַד־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א הֶאֱזִ֑ינוּ וַֽתִּתְּנֵ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עַמֵּ֥י הָאֲרָצֹֽת׃ |
And you endured them for many years, And you testified against them by your spirit Through the intermediacy of your prophets, But they did not listen, And you delivered them into the hand of the nations of the various countries. |
intermediacy ← hand. |
| Neh 9:31 | וּֽבְרַחֲמֶ֧יךָ הָרַבִּ֛ים לֹֽא־עֲשִׂיתָ֥ם כָּלָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א עֲזַבְתָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֵֽל־חַנּ֥וּן וְרַח֖וּם אָֽתָּה׃ |
But in your many mercies, You did not finish with them, And you did not abandon them, For you are a gracious and compassionate God. |
finish with them ← make them a complete destruction. |
| Neh 9:32 | וְעַתָּ֣ה אֱ֠לֹהֵינוּ הָאֵ֨ל הַגָּד֜וֹל הַגִּבּ֣וֹר וְהַנּוֹרָא֮ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַבְּרִ֣ית וְהַחֶסֶד֒ אַל־יִמְעַ֣ט לְפָנֶ֡יךָ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֣ה אֲֽשֶׁר־מְ֠צָאַתְנוּ לִמְלָכֵ֨ינוּ לְשָׂרֵ֧ינוּ וּלְכֹהֲנֵ֛ינוּ וְלִנְבִיאֵ֥נוּ וְלַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ וּלְכָל־עַמֶּ֑ךָ מִימֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ |
And now, O God of ours, The great and mighty and awesome God Who keeps the covenant and maintains kindness, Do not let all the weariness be considered little before you, Which has come over us, Over our kings, our officials, And our priests and our prophets, And our fathers, and all your people, From the days of the kings of Assyria to this day. |
come over ← found.
over our kings ← to our kings. |
| Neh 9:33 | וְאַתָּ֣ה צַדִּ֔יק עַ֖ל כָּל־הַבָּ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־אֱמֶ֥ת עָשִׂ֖יתָ וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ |
But you are righteous Concerning everything which has come over us, For you have acted truthfully, Whereas we have acted wickedly, |
acted truthfully ← done truth.
whereas: adversative use of the vav. |
| Neh 9:34 | וְאֶת־מְלָכֵ֤ינוּ שָׂרֵ֙ינוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ לֹ֥א עָשׂ֖וּ תּוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹ֤א הִקְשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ וּלְעֵ֣דְוֺתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַעִידֹ֖תָ בָּהֶֽם׃ |
And our kings, our officials, Our priests and our fathers Did not observe your law And did not heed your commandments or your testimonies Which you testified against them. |
our kings: preceded by אֶת־, but not as an object marker (a rarity). See [Ges-HG] §117m. |
| Neh 9:35 | וְהֵ֣ם בְּמַלְכוּתָם֩ וּבְטוּבְךָ֨ הָרָ֜ב אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣תָּ לָהֶ֗ם וּבְאֶ֨רֶץ הָרְחָבָ֧ה וְהַשְּׁמֵנָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א עֲבָד֑וּךָ וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֔בוּ מִמַּֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעִֽים׃ |
And they – in their kingdom And despite your great generosity which you showed them, And in the broad and fertile land which you gave them in their presence – Did not serve you And did not turn away from their wicked deeds. |
despite ← in, but also with concessive usage; see [BDB] V.3.
generosity ← goodness. showed ← gave. |
| Neh 9:36 | הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ הַיּ֖וֹם עֲבָדִ֑ים וְהָאָ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣תָּה לַאֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־פִּרְיָהּ֙ וְאֶת־טוּבָ֔הּ הִנֵּ֛ה אֲנַ֥חְנוּ עֲבָדִ֖ים עָלֶֽיהָ׃ |
Behold, we are servants today, And as for the land which you gave to our fathers, To eat its fruit and its good produce, Behold, we are servants on it. |
|
| Neh 9:37 | וּתְבוּאָתָ֣הּ מַרְבָּ֗ה לַמְּלָכִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה עָלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחַטֹּאותֵ֑ינוּ וְעַ֣ל גְּ֠וִיֹּתֵינוּ מֹשְׁלִ֤ים וּבִבְהֶמְתֵּ֙נוּ֙ כִּרְצוֹנָ֔ם וּבְצָרָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ פ |
And its produce is abundant, Destined for kings Whom you have set over us for our sins, And they rule over our bodies and our cattle as they wish, And we are in great distress. |
as they wish ← according to their will. |
| Neh 10:1 Neh 9:38AV |
וּבְכָל־זֹ֕את אֲנַ֛חְנוּ כֹּרְתִ֥ים אֲמָנָ֖ה וְכֹתְבִ֑ים וְעַל֙ הֶֽחָת֔וּם שָׂרֵ֥ינוּ לְוִיֵּ֖נוּ כֹּהֲנֵֽינוּ׃ |
And because of all this, we are making a treaty And putting it in writing, And the parties participating in sealing it Are our officials, Levites and priests.” |
making ← cutting.
sealing it ← (the writing / the people being) sealed. |
| Neh 10:2 Neh 10:1AV |
וְעַ֖ל הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים נְחֶמְיָ֧ה הַתִּרְשָׁ֛תָא בֶּן־חֲכַלְיָ֖ה וְצִדְקִיָּֽה׃ | Now the individuals participating in sealing it were Nehemiah the governor – the son of Hachaliah – and Zedekiah, |
sealing it: see Neh 10:1 (Neh 9:38AV).
Zedekiah: AV= Zidkijah here. |
| Neh 10:3 Neh 10:2AV |
שְׂרָיָ֥ה עֲזַרְיָ֖ה יִרְמְיָֽה׃ | Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, | |
| Neh 10:4 Neh 10:3AV |
פַּשְׁח֥וּר אֲמַרְיָ֖ה מַלְכִּיָּֽה׃ | Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah, | Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. |
| Neh 10:5 Neh 10:4AV |
חַטּ֥וּשׁ שְׁבַנְיָ֖ה מַלּֽוּךְ׃ | Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, | |
| Neh 10:6 Neh 10:5AV |
חָרִ֥ם מְרֵמ֖וֹת עֹֽבַדְיָֽה׃ | Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, | |
| Neh 10:7 Neh 10:6AV |
דָּנִיֵּ֥אל גִּנְּת֖וֹן בָּרֽוּךְ׃ | Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, | |
| Neh 10:8 Neh 10:7AV |
מְשֻׁלָּ֥ם אֲבִיָּ֖ה מִיָּמִֽן׃ | Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, | |
| Neh 10:9 Neh 10:8AV |
מַֽעַזְיָ֥ה בִלְגַּ֖י שְׁמַֽעְיָ֑ה אֵ֖לֶּה הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ ס | Maaziah, Bilgai and Shemaiah. These were the priests. | |
| Neh 10:10 Neh 10:9AV |
וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙ בֶּן־אֲזַנְיָ֔ה בִּנּ֕וּי מִבְּנֵ֥י חֵנָדָ֖ד קַדְמִיאֵֽל׃ | And the Levites were Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui, who was one of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel, | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. Here it reads and Jeshua, or both Jeshua. |
| Neh 10:11 Neh 10:10AV |
וַאֲחֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁבַנְיָ֧ה הֽוֹדִיָּ֛ה קְלִיטָ֖א פְּלָאיָ֥ה חָנָֽן׃ | and their brothers, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, | |
| Neh 10:12 Neh 10:11AV |
מִיכָ֥א רְח֖וֹב חֲשַׁבְיָֽה׃ | Micah, Rehob, Hashabiah, | Micah: AV= Micha here, but not in 1 Chr 9:15 for this spelling. |
| Neh 10:13 Neh 10:12AV |
זַכּ֥וּר שֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֖ה שְׁבַנְיָֽה׃ | Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, | |
| Neh 10:14 Neh 10:13AV |
הוֹדִיָּ֥ה בָנִ֖י בְּנִֽינוּ׃ ס | Hodijah, Bani and Beninu. | |
| Neh 10:15 Neh 10:14AV |
רָאשֵׁ֖י הָעָ֑ם פַּרְעֹשׁ֙ פַּחַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עֵילָ֥ם זַתּ֖וּא בָּנִֽי׃ | The heads of the people were Parosh, Pahath-Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani, |
Pahath-Moab: see Ezra 2:6.
Zattu: AV= Zatthu here, but elsewhere Zattu. |
| Neh 10:16 Neh 10:15AV |
בֻּנִּ֥י עַזְגָּ֖ד בֵּבָֽי׃ | Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, | |
| Neh 10:17 Neh 10:16AV |
אֲדֹנִיָּ֥ה בִגְוַ֖י עָדִֽין׃ | Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, | |
| Neh 10:18 Neh 10:17AV |
אָטֵ֥ר חִזְקִיָּ֖ה עַזּֽוּר׃ | Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur, | Hezekiah: MT and AV here = Hizkijah, but this is the same name as for King Hezekiah (2 Ki 16:20), and we show the equivalence to the traditional English name. See also 2 Chr 28:12. |
| Neh 10:19 Neh 10:18AV |
הוֹדִיָּ֥ה חָשֻׁ֖ם בֵּצָֽי׃ | Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai, | |
| Neh 10:20 Neh 10:19AV |
חָרִ֥יף עֲנָת֖וֹת *נובי **נֵיבָֽי׃ | Hariph, Anathoth, {Q: Nebai} [K: Nobai], | |
| Neh 10:21 Neh 10:20AV |
מַגְפִּיעָ֥שׁ מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם חֵזִֽיר׃ | Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, | |
| Neh 10:22 Neh 10:21AV |
מְשֵׁיזַבְאֵ֥ל צָד֖וֹק יַדּֽוּעַ׃ | Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua, | Meshezabel: see Neh 3:4. |
| Neh 10:23 Neh 10:22AV |
פְּלַטְיָ֥ה חָנָ֖ן עֲנָיָֽה׃ | Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah, | |
| Neh 10:24 Neh 10:23AV |
הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ חֲנַנְיָ֖ה חַשּֽׁוּב׃ | Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashshub, |
Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30.
Hashshub: see Neh 3:11. |
| Neh 10:25 Neh 10:24AV |
הַלּוֹחֵ֥שׁ פִּלְחָ֖א שׁוֹבֵֽק׃ | Hallohesh, Pilha, Shobek, | Pilha: AV= Pileha, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. |
| Neh 10:26 Neh 10:25AV |
רְח֥וּם חֲשַׁבְנָ֖ה מַעֲשֵׂיָֽה׃ | Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah, | |
| Neh 10:27 Neh 10:26AV |
וַאֲחִיָּ֥ה חָנָ֖ן עָנָֽן׃ | and Ahijah, Hanan, Anan, | |
| Neh 10:28 Neh 10:27AV |
מַלּ֥וּךְ חָרִ֖ם בַּעֲנָֽה׃ | Malluch, Harim and Baanah. | |
| Neh 10:29 Neh 10:28AV |
וּשְׁאָ֣ר הָעָ֡ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַ֠לְוִיִּם הַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֨ים הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֜ים הַנְּתִינִ֗ים וְֽכָל־הַנִּבְדָּ֞ל מֵעַמֵּ֤י הָאֲרָצוֹת֙ אֶל־תּוֹרַ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים נְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם בְּנֵיהֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֵיהֶ֑ם כֹּ֖ל יוֹדֵ֥עַ מֵבִֽין׃ | And the rest of the people, that is the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the temple-servants and everyone who had separated himself from the peoples of the various lands to the law of God, and their wives, their sons and their daughters – all who knew and understood – | |
| Neh 10:30 Neh 10:29AV |
מַחֲזִיקִ֣ים עַל־אֲחֵיהֶם֮ אַדִּירֵיהֶם֒ וּבָאִ֞ים בְּאָלָ֣ה וּבִשְׁבוּעָ֗ה לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּתוֹרַ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִתְּנָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְלִשְׁמ֣וֹר וְלַעֲשׂ֗וֹת אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֲדֹנֵ֔ינוּ וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו וְחֻקָּֽיו׃ | joined up with their brothers, their nobles, and they entered into a curse and an oath, to walk in the law of God, which was given through the intermediacy of Moses the servant of God, and to keep and do all the commandments of the Lord our Lord, and his ordinances and his statutes, | intermediacy ← hand. |
| Neh 10:31 Neh 10:30AV |
וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־נִתֵּ֥ן בְּנֹתֵ֖ינוּ לְעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֶת־בְּנֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א נִקַּ֖ח לְבָנֵֽינוּ׃ | and that we would not give our daughters to the various peoples of the land, and that we would not take their daughters for our sons. | |
| Neh 10:32 Neh 10:31AV |
וְעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֡רֶץ הַֽמְבִיאִים֩ אֶת־הַמַּקָּח֨וֹת וְכָל־שֶׁ֜בֶר בְּי֤וֹם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִמְכּ֔וֹר לֹא־נִקַּ֥ח מֵהֶ֛ם בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּבְי֣וֹם קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְנִטֹּ֛שׁ אֶת־הַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית וּמַשָּׁ֥א כָל־יָֽד׃ | And that as for the various peoples of the land who brought merchandise and any grain to sell on the Sabbath day, we would not accept anything from them on the Sabbath or on a holy day, and that we would leave the seventh year fallow, and waive the debt owed by every claimant. |
any ← all.
claimant ← hand. |
| Neh 10:33 Neh 10:32AV |
וְהֶעֱמַ֤דְנוּ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִצְוֺ֔ת לָתֵ֥ת עָלֵ֛ינוּ שְׁלִשִׁ֥ית הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה לַעֲבֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And we instituted obligations on ourselves to be obliged to give a third of a shekel per year for the work of the house of our God, |
obligations ← commandments.
to be obliged ← on us. |
| Neh 10:34 Neh 10:33AV |
לְלֶ֣חֶם הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֡כֶת וּמִנְחַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֣יד וּלְעוֹלַ֣ת הַ֠תָּמִיד הַשַּׁבָּת֨וֹת הֶחֳדָשִׁ֜ים לַמּוֹעֲדִ֗ים וְלַקֳּדָשִׁים֙ וְלַ֣חַטָּא֔וֹת לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכֹ֖ל מְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ ס | for the showbread and the perpetual meal-offering and the perpetual burnt offering, and the Sabbaths, and the new moons, for the festivals and for holy things, and for sin-offerings, to atone for Israel, and all the work of the house of our God. | |
| Neh 10:35 Neh 10:34AV |
וְהַגּוֹרָל֨וֹת הִפַּ֜לְנוּ עַל־קֻרְבַּ֣ן הָעֵצִ֗ים הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַלְוִיִּם֮ וְהָעָם֒ לְ֠הָבִיא לְבֵ֨ית אֱלֹהֵ֧ינוּ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתֵ֛ינוּ לְעִתִּ֥ים מְזֻמָּנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֑ה לְבַעֵ֗ר עַל־מִזְבַּח֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כַּכָּת֖וּב בַּתּוֹרָֽה׃ | And we – the priests, the Levites and the people – cast lots for the offering of wood, to bring it to the house of our God, to the house of our fathers, at appointed times, year by year, to burn on the altar of the Lord our God, as it is written in the law, | cast: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| Neh 10:36 Neh 10:35AV |
וּלְהָבִ֞יא אֶת־בִּכּוּרֵ֣י אַדְמָתֵ֗נוּ וּבִכּוּרֵ֛י כָּל־פְּרִ֥י כָל־עֵ֖ץ שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֑ה לְבֵ֖ית יְהוָֽה׃ | and to bring the firstfruits of our land, and the firstfruits of all the fruit of every tree, year by year, to the house of the Lord. | |
| Neh 10:37 Neh 10:36AV |
וְאֶת־בְּכֹר֤וֹת בָּנֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּבְהֶמְתֵּ֔ינוּ כַּכָּת֖וּב בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה וְאֶת־בְּכוֹרֵ֨י בְקָרֵ֜ינוּ וְצֹאנֵ֗ינוּ לְהָבִיא֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ לַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים הַמְשָׁרְתִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And to bring the firstborn of our sons and our livestock, as it is written in the law (so the firstborn of our oxen and our sheep), to the house of our God, to the priests who serve in the house of our God. | |
| Neh 10:38 Neh 10:37AV |
וְאֶת־רֵאשִׁ֣ית עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣ינוּ וּ֠תְרוּמֹתֵינוּ וּפְרִ֨י כָל־עֵ֜ץ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָ֗ר נָבִ֤יא לַכֹּהֲנִים֙ אֶל־לִשְׁכ֣וֹת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וּמַעְשַׂ֥ר אַדְמָתֵ֖נוּ לַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְהֵם֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם הַֽמְעַשְּׂרִ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֥י עֲבֹדָתֵֽנוּ׃ | And that we should bring the firstfruits of our grain, and our heave-offering, and the fruit of every tree, new wine and new oil, to the priests at the offices of the house of our God, and the tithes of our ground to the Levites, who are the very Levites who take tithes in all the cities where we work. |
grain ← crushed grain. AV differs somewhat (dough), but other firstfruits seem to be offered “unprocessed”.
at the offices ← to the offices. Pregnant usage of the preposition. where we work ← of our work. |
| Neh 10:39 Neh 10:38AV |
וְהָיָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֧ן בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֛ן עִם־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם בַּעְשֵׂ֣ר הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם יַעֲל֨וּ אֶת־מַעֲשַׂ֤ר הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂר֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ אֶל־הַלְּשָׁכ֖וֹת לְבֵ֥ית הָאוֹצָֽר׃ | And that the priest – a son of Aaron – would be with the Levites when the Levites take tithes, and that the Levites should bring a tenth of the tithes up to the house of our God, to the offices of the treasury. | tenth of the tithes ← tithe of the tithes. |
| Neh 10:40 Neh 10:39AV |
כִּ֣י אֶל־הַ֠לְּשָׁכוֹת יָבִ֨יאוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י הַלֵּוִ֗י אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֣ת הַדָּגָן֮ הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָר֒ וְשָׁם֙ כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּקְדָּ֔שׁ וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ הַמְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֖ים וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א נַעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | For the sons of Israel and the sons of Levi will bring the heave-offering of the corn, the new wine and the new oil, to the offices where the equipment of the sanctuary is, and where the priests who serve and the gatekeepers and the singers are. And we will not neglect the house of our God. | neglect: or abandon. |
| Neh 11:1 | וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ שָׂרֵֽי־הָעָ֖ם בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּשְׁאָ֣ר הָ֠עָם הִפִּ֨ילוּ גוֹרָל֜וֹת לְהָבִ֣יא ׀ אֶחָ֣ד מִן־הָעֲשָׂרָ֗ה לָשֶׁ֙בֶת֙ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עִ֣יר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְתֵ֥שַׁע הַיָּד֖וֹת בֶּעָרִֽים׃ | And the officials among the people lived in Jerusalem, but the rest of the people cast lots for bringing one in ten to live in Jerusalem – the holy city – whereas nine out of ten would be in the cities. |
This chapter corresponds very roughly to 1 Chronicles 9.
among ← of. for bringing: gerundial use of the infinitive. holy city ← city of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. nine out of ten ← nine parts ← nine hands. |
| Neh 11:2 | וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ הָעָ֑ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַמִּֽתְנַדְּבִ֔ים לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | And the people blessed all the men who were willing to live in Jerusalem. | |
| Neh 11:3 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הַמְּדִינָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשְׁב֖וּ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וּבְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה יָֽשְׁב֞וּ אִ֤ישׁ בַּאֲחֻזָּתוֹ֙ בְּעָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֣ם וְהַנְּתִינִ֔ים וּבְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And these were the heads of the province who lived in Jerusalem, whereas in the cities of Judah, each man lived on his estate in their cities, these people being Israel, the priests and the Levites and the temple-servants and the sons of Solomon's servants. | || 1 Chr 9:2. |
| Neh 11:4 | וּבִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יָֽשְׁב֔וּ מִבְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּמִבְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן מִבְּנֵ֣י יְ֠הוּדָה עֲתָיָ֨ה בֶן־עֻזִּיָּ֜ה בֶּן־זְכַרְיָ֧ה בֶן־אֲמַרְיָ֛ה בֶּן־שְׁפַטְיָ֥ה בֶן־מַהֲלַלְאֵ֖ל מִבְּנֵי־פָֽרֶץ׃ | And in Jerusalem there lived some of the sons of Judah and some of the sons of Benjamin. Of the sons of Judah were Athaiah the son of Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of Shephatiah, the son of Mahalalel, he being of the sons of Perez, |
|| 1 Chr 9:3, 1 Chr 9:4.
Mahalalel: see Gen 5:12. Perez: AV= Perez here. The same word as AV's Pharez in Gen 38:29. In pause here too. |
| Neh 11:5 | וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֣ה בֶן־בָּר֣וּךְ בֶּן־כָּל־חֹ֠זֶה בֶּן־חֲזָיָ֨ה בֶן־עֲדָיָ֧ה בֶן־יוֹיָרִ֛יב בֶּן־זְכַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־הַשִּׁלֹנִֽי׃ | and Maaseiah, the son of Baruch, the son of Col-Hozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son of Shiloni. |
|| 1 Chr 9:5.
Shiloni ← Hashiloni, i.e. the Shilonite. |
| Neh 11:6 | כָּל־בְּנֵי־פֶ֕רֶץ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֛וֹת שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָ֖ה אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל׃ ס | All the sons of Perez who lived in Jerusalem amounted to four hundred and sixty-eight valiant men. | valiant men ← men of valour, a Hebraic genitive. |
| Neh 11:7 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן סַלֻּ֡א בֶּן־מְשֻׁלָּ֡ם בֶּן־יוֹעֵ֡ד בֶּן־פְּדָיָה֩ בֶן־ק֨וֹלָיָ֧ה בֶן־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֛ה בֶּן־אִֽיתִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־יְשַֽׁעְיָֽה׃ | And these were the sons of Benjamin: Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Isaiah, |
|| 1 Chr 9:7.
Isaiah: AV= Jesaiah here. Compare Ezra 8:7. |
| Neh 11:8 | וְאַחֲרָ֖יו גַּבַּ֣י סַלָּ֑י תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃ | and after him, Gabbai and Sallai – nine hundred and twenty-eight in all. | || 1 Chr 9:9. |
| Neh 11:9 | וְיוֹאֵ֥ל בֶּן־זִכְרִ֖י פָּקִ֣יד עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וִיהוּדָ֧ה בֶן־הַסְּנוּאָ֛ה עַל־הָעִ֖יר מִשְׁנֶֽה׃ פ | And Joel the son of Zichri was superintendent over them, and Judah the son of Hassenuah was second in charge of the city. | Hassenuah: AV= Senuah, dropping what might be the Hebrew definite article. |
| Neh 11:10 | מִן־הַֽכֹּהֲנִ֑ים יְדַֽעְיָ֥ה בֶן־יוֹיָרִ֖יב יָכִֽין׃ | From the priests were Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin, | || 1 Chr 9:10. |
| Neh 11:11 | שְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־חִלְקִיָּ֜ה בֶּן־מְשֻׁלָּ֣ם בֶּן־צָד֗וֹק בֶּן־מְרָיוֹת֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיט֔וּב נְגִ֖ד בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub – the leader in the house of God – |
|| 1 Chr 9:11.
in the house of God ← of the house of God. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 11:12 | וַאֲחֵיהֶ֗ם עֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ לַבַּ֔יִת שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וּשְׁנָ֑יִם וַ֠עֲדָיָה בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֤ם בֶּן־פְּלַלְיָה֙ בֶּן־אַמְצִ֣י בֶן־זְכַרְיָ֔ה בֶּן־פַּשְׁח֖וּר בֶּן־מַלְכִּיָּֽה׃ | with their brothers who carried out the work on the house who were eight hundred and twenty-two in number, and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah, |
|| 1 Chr 9:12.
with ← and. Pashhur: see Jer 20:1. Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1. |
| Neh 11:13 | וְאֶחָיו֙ רָאשִׁ֣ים לְאָב֔וֹת מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וּשְׁנָ֑יִם וַעֲמַשְׁסַ֧י בֶּן־עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אַחְזַ֥י בֶּן־מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת בֶּן־אִמֵּֽר׃ | and his brothers the paternal heads – two hundred and forty-two in number – and Amashsai, the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer, |
Amashsai: AV= Amashai.
Azarel: see Ezra 10:41. Ahzai: AV= Ahasai. Meshillemoth: Meshillemith in 1 Chr 9:12. |
| Neh 11:14 | וַאֲחֵיהֶם֙ גִּבּ֣וֹרֵי חַ֔יִל מֵאָ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וּשְׁמֹנָ֑ה וּפָקִ֣יד עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם זַבְדִּיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־הַגְּדוֹלִֽים׃ ס | and their brothers – valiant warriors – one hundred and twenty-eight in number. And the superintendent over them was Zabdiel, a son of the great ones. | the great ones: probably referring to some great family line. |
| Neh 11:15 | וּמִֽן־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם שְׁמַעְיָ֧ה בֶן־חַשּׁ֛וּב בֶּן־עַזְרִיקָ֥ם בֶּן־חֲשַׁבְיָ֖ה בֶּן־בּוּנִּֽי׃ | And from the Levites was Shemaiah the son of Hashshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni. |
|| 1 Chr 9:14.
Hashshub: see Neh 3:11. |
| Neh 11:16 | וְשַׁבְּתַ֨י וְיוֹזָבָ֜ד עַל־הַמְּלָאכָ֤ה הַחִֽיצֹנָה֙ לְבֵ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And Shabbethai and Jozabad from the heads of the Levites were in charge of the exterior work on the house of God. | |
| Neh 11:17 | וּמַתַּנְיָ֣ה בֶן־מִ֠יכָה בֶּן־זַבְדִּ֨י בֶן־אָסָ֜ף רֹ֗אשׁ הַתְּחִלָּה֙ יְהוֹדֶ֣ה לַתְּפִלָּ֔ה וּבַקְבֻּקְיָ֖ה מִשְׁנֶ֣ה מֵאֶחָ֑יו וְעַבְדָּא֙ בֶּן־שַׁמּ֔וּעַ בֶּן־גָּלָ֖ל בֶּן־*ידיתון **יְדוּתֽוּן׃ | And Mattaniah the son of Micah, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, was head – at the start he would give thanks in prayer – and Bakbukiah was assistant head among his brothers, with Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of {Q: Jeduthun} [K: Jedithun]. |
|| 1 Chr 9:15, 1 Chr 9:16.
Micah: AV= Micha here, but not for the same name in Mic 1:1. assistant head ← second. with Abda ← and Abda. |
| Neh 11:18 | כָּל־הַלְוִיִּם֙ בְּעִ֣יר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ מָאתַ֖יִם שְׁמֹנִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ פ | All the Levites in the holy city were two hundred and eighty-four in number. | holy city: see Neh 11:1. |
| Neh 11:19 | וְהַשּֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ עַקּ֣וּב טַלְמ֔וֹן וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם הַשֹּׁמְרִ֣ים בַּשְּׁעָרִ֑ים מֵאָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ | And the gatekeepers, Akkub and Talmon and their brothers who guarded the gates were one hundred and seventy-two in number. | || 1 Chr 9:17. |
| Neh 11:20 | וּשְׁאָ֨ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים הַלְוִיִּם֙ בְּכָל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אִ֖ישׁ בְּנַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | And the rest of Israel and the Levite priests were in all the cities of Judah, each in his inheritance. | |
| Neh 11:21 | וְהַנְּתִינִ֖ים יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בָּעֹ֑פֶל וְצִיחָ֥א וְגִשְׁפָּ֖א עַל־הַנְּתִינִֽים׃ פ | And the temple-servants lived in the Ophel, and Ziha and Gishpa were in charge of the temple-servants. |
Ophel: see Neh 3:26.
Gishpa: AV= Gispah. |
| Neh 11:22 | וּפְקִ֤יד הַלְוִיִּם֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עֻזִּ֤י בֶן־בָּנִי֙ בֶּן־חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָ֖ה בֶּן־מִיכָ֑א מִבְּנֵ֤י אָסָף֙ הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים לְנֶ֖גֶד מְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And the superintendent of the Levites in Jerusalem was Uzzi the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micah. The singers were from the sons of Asaph, appointed for the work of the house of God. |
Micah: MT and AV = Micha here, but AV= Micah in 1 Chr 9:15 for this spelling. We harmonize with Micah.
appointed for ← over against. |
| Neh 11:23 | כִּֽי־מִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲמָנָ֥ה עַל־הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | For a commandment from the king had been imposed on them, as had an obligation on the singers as a daily undertaking. |
from the king ← of the king. Wider use of the construct state.
undertaking ← thing. |
| Neh 11:24 | וּפְתַֽחְיָ֨ה בֶּן־מְשֵֽׁיזַבְאֵ֜ל מִבְּנֵי־זֶ֤רַח בֶּן־יְהוּדָה֙ לְיַ֣ד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְכָל־דָּבָ֖ר לָעָֽם׃ | And Pethahiah the son of Meshezabel from the sons of Zerah the son of Judah was at the king's side in every matter of the people. | Meshezabel: see Neh 3:4. |
| Neh 11:25 | וְאֶל־הַחֲצֵרִ֖ים בִּשְׂדֹתָ֑ם מִבְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה יָֽשְׁב֞וּ בְּקִרְיַ֤ת הָֽאַרְבַּע֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וּבְדִיבֹן֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ וּבִֽיקַּבְצְאֵ֖ל וַחֲצֵרֶֽיהָ׃ | And some of the sons of Judah lived in the outlying areas in their countryside, in Kiriath-Arba and its satellite villages, and in Dibon and its satellite villages, and in Jekabzeel and its outlying areas, |
countryside ← fields.
Kiriath-Arba ← the Kiriath-Arba. See Gen 23:2. |
| Neh 11:26 | וּבְיֵשׁ֥וּעַ וּבְמוֹלָדָ֖ה וּבְבֵ֥ית פָּֽלֶט׃ | and in Jeshua and in Moladah and in Beth-Pelet, |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
Beth-Pelet: AV= Beth-phelet, the lenited form (ph for p). Compare Josh 15:27. |
| Neh 11:27 | וּבַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבִבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | and in Hazar-Shual and in Beersheba and its satellite villages, | |
| Neh 11:28 | וּבְצִֽקְלַ֥ג וּבִמְכֹנָ֖ה וּבִבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | and in Ziklag and in Mekonah and its satellite villages, | |
| Neh 11:29 | וּבְעֵ֥ין רִמּ֛וֹן וּבְצָרְעָ֖ה וּבְיַרְמֽוּת׃ | and in En-Rimmon and in Zareah and in Jarmuth, | |
| Neh 11:30 | זָנֹ֤חַ עֲדֻלָּם֙ וְחַצְרֵיהֶ֔ם לָכִישׁ֙ וּשְׂדֹתֶ֔יהָ עֲזֵקָ֖ה וּבְנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ מִבְּאֵֽר־שֶׁ֖בַע עַד־גֵּֽיא־הִנֹּֽם׃ | Zanoah, Adullam and their outlying areas, Lachish and its countryside, and Azekah and its satellite villages. And they encamped in places from Beersheba to the Valley of Hinnom. | Valley of Hinnom: see Josh 15:8. |
| Neh 11:31 | וּבְנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן מִגָּ֑בַע מִכְמָ֣שׂ וְעַיָּ֔ה וּבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | And the sons of Benjamin from Geba lived in Michmas and Aijah and Beth-El and its satellite villages, |
Michmas: see 1 Sam 13:2.
Aijah: AV= Aija. |
| Neh 11:32 | עֲנָת֥וֹת נֹ֖ב עֲנָֽנְיָֽה׃ | and in Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, | |
| Neh 11:33 | חָצ֥וֹר ׀ רָמָ֖ה גִּתָּֽיִם׃ | Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, | |
| Neh 11:34 | חָדִ֥יד צְבֹעִ֖ים נְבַלָּֽט׃ | Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, | |
| Neh 11:35 | לֹ֥ד וְאוֹנ֖וֹ גֵּ֥י הַחֲרָשִֽׁים׃ | Lod and Ono and the Valley of the Craftsmen. | Valley of the Craftsmen: as AV, except that AV is without capitals. |
| Neh 11:36 | וּמִן־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מַחְלְק֥וֹת יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽין׃ פ | And among the Levites were divisions of Judah assigned to Benjamin. | among the Levites ← from the Levites. |
| Neh 12:1 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָל֛וּ עִם־זְרֻבָּבֶ֥ל בֶּן־שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֖ל וְיֵשׁ֑וּעַ שְׂרָיָ֥ה יִרְמְיָ֖ה עֶזְרָֽא׃ | And these are the priests and the Levites who went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 12:2 | אֲמַרְיָ֥ה מַלּ֖וּךְ חַטּֽוּשׁ׃ | Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, | |
| Neh 12:3 | שְׁכַנְיָ֥ה רְחֻ֖ם מְרֵמֹֽת׃ | Shechaniah, Rehum, Meremoth, | |
| Neh 12:4 | עִדּ֥וֹא גִנְּת֖וֹי אֲבִיָּֽה׃ | Iddo, Ginnethoi, Abijah, | Ginnethoi: AV= Ginnetho. Elsewhere the name is Ginnethon. |
| Neh 12:5 | מִיָּמִ֥ין מַֽעַדְיָ֖ה בִּלְגָּֽה׃ | Miamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, | |
| Neh 12:6 | שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה וְיוֹיָרִ֖יב יְדַֽעְיָֽה׃ | Shemaiah and Joiarib, Jedaiah, | |
| Neh 12:7 | סַלּ֣וּ עָמ֔וֹק חִלְקִיָּ֖ה יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֧י הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם בִּימֵ֥י יֵשֽׁוּעַ׃ פ | Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah and Jedaiah. These were the heads of the priests and their brothers in the days of Jeshua. | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 12:8 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֗ם יֵשׁ֧וּעַ בִּנּ֛וּי קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה מַתַּנְיָ֑ה עַֽל־הֻיְּד֖וֹת ה֥וּא וְאֶחָֽיו׃ | And the Levites were Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah who was in charge of songs of praise – he and his brothers – | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 12:9 | וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה *וענו **וְעֻנִּ֧י אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם לְנֶגְדָּ֖ם לְמִשְׁמָרֽוֹת׃ | and Bakbukiah and {Q: Unni} [K: Unno], their brothers, corresponding to them in guard duties. | |
| Neh 12:10 | וְיֵשׁ֖וּעַ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים וְיֽוֹיָקִים֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב וְאֶלְיָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־יוֹיָדָֽע׃ | Now Jeshua begot Joiakim, and Joiakim begot Eliashib, and Eliashib begot Joiada, | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 12:11 | וְיוֹיָדָע֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֔ן וְיוֹנָתָ֖ן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יַדּֽוּעַ׃ | and Joiada begot Jonathan, and Jonathan begot Jaddua. | |
| Neh 12:12 | וּבִימֵי֙ יֽוֹיָקִ֔ים הָי֥וּ כֹהֲנִ֖ים רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֑וֹת לִשְׂרָיָ֣ה מְרָיָ֔ה לְיִרְמְיָ֖ה חֲנַנְיָֽה׃ | And in the days of Joiakim, the priests – the paternal heads – were: in Seraiah's line, Meraiah; in Jeremiah's line, Hananiah; | in Seraiah's line ← to Seraiah. Similarly in the verses following. |
| Neh 12:13 | לְעֶזְרָ֣א מְשֻׁלָּ֔ם לַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה יְהוֹחָנָֽן׃ | in Ezra's line, Meshullam; in Amariah's line, Jehohanan; | |
| Neh 12:14 | *למלוכי **לִמְלִ֙יכוּ֙ יֽוֹנָתָ֔ן לִשְׁבַנְיָ֖ה יוֹסֵֽף׃ | in {Q: Melicu's} [K: Melucu's] line, Jonathan; in Shebaniah's line, Joseph; | |
| Neh 12:15 | לְחָרִ֣ם עַדְנָ֔א לִמְרָי֖וֹת חֶלְקָֽי׃ | in Harim's line, Adna; in Meraioth's line, Helkai; | |
| Neh 12:16 | *לעדיא **לְעִדּ֥וֹא זְכַרְיָ֖ה לְגִנְּת֥וֹן מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ | in {Q: Iddo's} [K: Iddi's] line, Zechariah; in Ginnethon's line, Meshullam; | |
| Neh 12:17 | לַאֲבִיָּ֖ה זִכְרִ֑י לְמִ֨נְיָמִ֔ין לְמוֹעַדְיָ֖ה פִּלְטָֽי׃ | in Abijah's line, Zichri; in Miniamin's line, in Moadiah's line, Piltai; | |
| Neh 12:18 | לְבִלְגָּ֣ה שַׁמּ֔וּעַ לִֽשְׁמַעְיָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָֽן׃ | in Bilgah's line, Shammua; in Shemaiah's line, Jonathan; | Jonathan: AV= Jehonathan here, as MT. |
| Neh 12:19 | וּלְיוֹיָרִ֣יב מַתְּנַ֔י לִֽידַֽעְיָ֖ה עֻזִּֽי׃ | in Joiarib's line, Mattenai; in Jedaiah's line, Uzzi; | |
| Neh 12:20 | לְסַלַּ֥י קַלָּ֖י לְעָמ֥וֹק עֵֽבֶר׃ | in Sallai's line, Kallai; in Amok's line, Eber; | |
| Neh 12:21 | לְחִלְקִיָּ֣ה חֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה לִֽידַֽעְיָ֖ה נְתַנְאֵֽל׃ | in Hilkiah's line, Hashabiah; and in Jedaiah's line, Nethaneel. | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Neh 12:22 | הַלְוִיִּם֩ בִּימֵ֨י אֶלְיָשִׁ֜יב יוֹיָדָ֤ע וְיוֹחָנָן֙ וְיַדּ֔וּעַ כְּתוּבִ֖ים רָאשֵׁ֣י אָב֑וֹת וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים עַל־מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַפָּֽרְסִֽי׃ פ | In the days of Eliashib, Joiada and Johanan and Jaddua, the Levites were registered as paternal heads, and the priests were registered in the kingdom of Darius the Persian. |
registered ← written.
kingdom: or realm. |
| Neh 12:23 | בְּנֵ֤י לֵוִי֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽאָב֔וֹת כְּתוּבִ֕ים עַל־סֵ֖פֶר דִּבְרֵ֣י הַיָּמִ֑ים וְעַד־יְמֵ֖י יֽוֹחָנָ֥ן בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב׃ | The sons of Levi – the paternal heads – were written in the Book of Chronicles, up to the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib. | |
| Neh 12:24 | וְרָאשֵׁ֣י הַ֠לְוִיִּם חֲשַׁבְיָ֨ה שֵֽׁרֵבְיָ֜ה וְיֵשׁ֤וּעַ בֶּן־קַדְמִיאֵל֙ וַאֲחֵיהֶ֣ם לְנֶגְדָּ֔ם לְהַלֵּ֣ל לְהוֹד֔וֹת בְּמִצְוַ֖ת דָּוִ֣יד אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים מִשְׁמָ֖ר לְעֻמַּ֥ת מִשְׁמָֽר׃ | And the heads of the Levites were: Hashabiah, Sherebiah and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, and their brothers corresponding to them to praise and to give thanks in fulfilment of the commandment of David the man of God, one duty alongside another. |
Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11.
one duty alongside another ← duty opposite duty. |
| Neh 12:25 | מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב שֹׁמְרִ֤ים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ מִשְׁמָ֔ר בַּאֲסֻפֵּ֖י הַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃ | Mattaniah and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon and Akkub were guards gatekeeping, in a watch at the gate storehouses. | |
| Neh 12:26 | אֵ֕לֶּה בִּימֵ֛י יוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֵשׁ֖וּעַ בֶּן־יוֹצָדָ֑ק וּבִימֵי֙ נְחֶמְיָ֣ה הַפֶּחָ֔ה וְעֶזְרָ֥א הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַסּוֹפֵֽר׃ פ | These were in the days of Joiakim, the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and Ezra the priest and scribe. | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| Neh 12:27 | וּבַחֲנֻכַּ֞ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם בִּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם֙ מִכָּל־מְק֣וֹמֹתָ֔ם לַהֲבִיאָ֖ם לִֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לַעֲשֹׂ֨ת חֲנֻכָּ֤ה וְשִׂמְחָה֙ וּבְתוֹד֣וֹת וּבְשִׁ֔יר מְצִלְתַּ֖יִם נְבָלִ֥ים וּבְכִנֹּרֽוֹת׃ | At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, they looked for the Levites in all their places, so as to bring them to Jerusalem, to celebrate the dedication and festivity, with both thanksgiving and song, with timbrels and lutes and with harps. | in all their places ← from all their places. |
| Neh 12:28 | וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ בְּנֵ֖י הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֑ים וּמִן־הַכִּכָּר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּמִן־חַצְרֵ֖י נְטֹפָתִֽי׃ | And the sons of the singers were gathered, both from the adjoining tract around Jerusalem, and from the outlying villages of Netophathi, | |
| Neh 12:29 | וּמִבֵּית֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וּמִשְּׂד֥וֹת גֶּ֖בַע וְעַזְמָ֑וֶת כִּ֣י חֲצֵרִ֗ים בָּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ הַמְשֹׁ֣רֲרִ֔ים סְבִיב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | and from the house of Gilgal and from the fields of Geba and Azmaveth, for the singers had built themselves outlying villages around Jerusalem. | Gilgal ← the Gilgal. |
| Neh 12:30 | וַיִּֽטַּהֲר֔וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַֽיְטַהֲרוּ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאֶת־הַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים וְאֶֽת־הַחוֹמָֽה׃ | And the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and they purified the people, and the gates, and the wall. | |
| Neh 12:31 | וָאַעֲלֶה֙ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לַחוֹמָ֑ה וָאַעֲמִ֡ידָה שְׁתֵּ֣י תוֹדֹת֩ גְּדוֹלֹ֨ת וְתַהֲלֻכֹ֤ת לַיָּמִין֙ מֵעַ֣ל לַחוֹמָ֔ה לְשַׁ֖עַר הָאַשְׁפֹּֽת׃ | And I brought the officials of Judah up above the wall, and I organized two great thanksgiving processions, and processions to the right above the wall towards the Dung Gate. | |
| Neh 12:32 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ הוֹשַׁ֣עְיָ֔ה וַחֲצִ֖י שָׂרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And after them came Hoshaiah and half the officials of Judah, | |
| Neh 12:33 | וַעֲזַרְיָ֥ה עֶזְרָ֖א וּמְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ | and Azariah, Ezra and Meshullam, | |
| Neh 12:34 | יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֖ה וְיִרְמְיָֽה׃ ס | Judah and Benjamin and Shemaiah and Jeremiah, | |
| Neh 12:35 | וּמִבְּנֵ֥י הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בַּחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת זְכַרְיָ֨ה בֶן־יֽוֹנָתָ֜ן בֶּן־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֗ה בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָה֙ בֶּן־מִ֣יכָיָ֔ה בֶּן־זַכּ֖וּר בֶּן־אָסָֽף׃ | and some of the sons of the priests, with trumpets, namely Zechariah, the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph, | Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah for this name. |
| Neh 12:36 | וְֽאֶחָ֡יו שְֽׁמַעְיָ֡ה וַעֲזַרְאֵ֡ל מִֽלֲלַ֡י גִּֽלֲלַ֡י מָעַ֞י נְתַנְאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ חֲנָ֔נִי בִּכְלֵי־שִׁ֥יר דָּוִ֖יד אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעֶזְרָ֥א הַסּוֹפֵ֖ר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | and his brothers, Shemaiah and Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethaneel and Judah and Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God. And Ezra the scribe went before them. |
Azarel: see Ezra 10:41.
Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| Neh 12:37 | וְעַל֩ שַׁ֨עַר הָעַ֜יִן וְנֶגְדָּ֗ם עָלוּ֙ עַֽל־מַעֲלוֹת֙ עִ֣יר דָּוִ֔יד בַּֽמַּעֲלֶ֖ה לַחוֹמָ֑ה מֵעַל֙ לְבֵ֣ית דָּוִ֔יד וְעַ֛ד שַׁ֥עַר הַמַּ֖יִם מִזְרָֽח׃ | And at the Fount Gate, which was opposite them, they went up the steps of the City of David, at the ascent of the wall above David's house, up to the Water Gate to the east. | |
| Neh 12:38 | וְהַתּוֹדָ֧ה הַשֵּׁנִ֛ית הַהוֹלֶ֥כֶת לְמ֖וֹאל וַאֲנִ֣י אַחֲרֶ֑יהָ וַחֲצִ֨י הָעָ֜ם מֵעַ֣ל לְהַחוֹמָ֗ה מֵעַל֙ לְמִגְדַּ֣ל הַתַּנּוּרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ד הַחוֹמָ֥ה הָרְחָבָֽה׃ | And the second thanksgiving procession went in the opposite direction, and I followed it. And half the people were above the wall, above the Tower of Furnaces, as far as the Broad Wall, | followed ← (went) after. |
| Neh 12:39 | וּמֵעַ֣ל לְשַֽׁעַר־אֶ֠פְרַיִם וְעַל־שַׁ֨עַר הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה וְעַל־שַׁ֣עַר הַדָּגִ֗ים וּמִגְדַּ֤ל חֲנַנְאֵל֙ וּמִגְדַּ֣ל הַמֵּאָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד שַׁ֣עַר הַצֹּ֑אן וְעָ֣מְד֔וּ בְּשַׁ֖עַר הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ | and above the Gate of Ephraim, and on the Old Gate, and on the Fish Gate, and the Tower of Hananel and the Tower of the Hundred, and as far as the Sheep Gate, and they stood at the Prison Gate. |
Hananel: see Jer 31:38.
Tower of the Hundred: see Neh 3:1. |
| Neh 12:40 | וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה שְׁתֵּ֥י הַתּוֹדֹ֖ת בְּבֵ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַאֲנִ֕י וַחֲצִ֥י הַסְּגָנִ֖ים עִמִּֽי׃ | And the two thanksgiving processions stopped at the house of God, as did I and the half of the administrators who were with me, | |
| Neh 12:41 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים אֶלְיָקִ֡ים מַעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה מִ֠נְיָמִין מִיכָיָ֧ה אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֛י זְכַרְיָ֥ה חֲנַנְיָ֖ה בַּחֲצֹצְרֽוֹת׃ | and the priests, namely Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah and Hananiah, with trumpets, |
Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah for this name.
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4. |
| Neh 12:42 | וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֨ה וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר וְעֻזִּ֛י וִֽיהוֹחָנָ֥ן וּמַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וְעֵילָ֣ם וָעָ֑זֶר וַיַּשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים וְיִֽזְרַחְיָ֖ה הַפָּקִֽיד׃ | and Maaseiah and Shemaiah and Eleazar and Uzzi and Jehohanan and Malchijah and Elam and Ezer. And the singers made themselves heard, and Jizrahiah was the choirmaster. |
Eleazar: see Ex 6:23.
Jizrahiah: AV= Jezrahiah. |
| Neh 12:43 | וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא זְבָחִ֨ים גְּדוֹלִ֜ים וַיִּשְׂמָ֗חוּ כִּ֤י הָאֱלֹהִים֙ שִׂמְּחָם֙ שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וְגַ֧ם הַנָּשִׁ֛ים וְהַיְלָדִ֖ים שָׂמֵ֑חוּ וַתִּשָּׁמַ֛ע שִׂמְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מֵרָחֽוֹק׃ | And on that day they offered great sacrifices and rejoiced, for God gave them great joy, and the women and children also rejoiced, and the rejoicing in Jerusalem was heard at a distance. |
offered ← sacrificed.
gave them great joy ← made them rejoice (with) great joy. in Jerusalem ← of Jerusalem. |
| Neh 12:44 | וַיִּפָּקְד֣וּ בַיּוֹם֩ הַה֨וּא אֲנָשִׁ֜ים עַל־הַנְּשָׁכ֗וֹת לָא֨וֹצָר֥וֹת לַתְּרוּמוֹת֮ לָרֵאשִׁ֣ית וְלַמַּֽעַשְׂרוֹת֒ לִכְנ֨וֹס בָּהֶ֜ם לִשְׂדֵ֤י הֶעָרִים֙ מְנָא֣וֹת הַתּוֹרָ֔ה לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֑ם כִּ֚י שִׂמְחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֔ה עַל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְעַל־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם הָעֹמְדִֽים׃ | And on that day men were appointed over the treasury office rooms for the heave-offerings, for the firstfruits, and for the tithes, to collect through them the contributions of the outlying fields of the cities specified in the law, for the priests and the Levites. For it was Judah's joy for the priests and the Levites who stood serving. |
through them: i.e. through their agency. Alternatively, in them, referring to the offices, but that would be discordant in gender, although that is not uncommon in Hebrew.
contributions ← portions. |
| Neh 12:45 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְר֞וּ מִשְׁמֶ֤רֶת אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶם֙ וּמִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַֽטָּהֳרָ֔ה וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים כְּמִצְוַ֥ת דָּוִ֖יד שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | And both the singers and the gatekeepers kept the observance of their God and the observance of purification, according to the commandment of David and Solomon his son. | |
| Neh 12:46 | כִּֽי־בִימֵ֥י דָוִ֛יד וְאָסָ֖ף מִקֶּ֑דֶם *ראש **רָאשֵׁי֙ הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים וְשִׁיר־תְּהִלָּ֥ה וְהֹד֖וֹת לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃ | For back in the former days of David and Asaph there {K: was a head} [Q: were heads] over the singers, and singing in praise and thanksgiving to God. | head over (ketiv) ← head of. Similarly the qeré. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 12:47 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ בִּימֵ֨י זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל וּבִימֵ֣י נְחֶמְיָ֗ה נֹֽתְנִ֛ים מְנָי֛וֹת הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֥ים וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֖ים דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֑וֹ וּמַקְדִּשִׁים֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מַקְדִּשִׁ֖ים לִבְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹֽן׃ פ | And all Israel in the days of Zerubbabel and in the days of Nehemiah would give contributions for the singers and the gatekeepers, as a daily undertaking, and they consecrated the contributions to the Levites, and the Levites consecrated them to the sons of Aaron. | contributions for ← contributions of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 13:1 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נִקְרָ֛א בְּסֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְנִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔וֹ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יָב֨וֹא עַמֹּנִ֧י וּמֹאָבִ֛י בִּקְהַ֥ל הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | On that day there was a reading from the book of Moses with the people hearing, and there was found written in it that no Ammonite or Moabite should ever come into the convocation of God. |
there was a reading from ← it was read in. See Deut 23:3 (Deut 23:2AV) - Deut 23:6 (Deut 23:5AV).
with the people hearing ← in the ears of the people. Ammonite or Moabite: masculine. Ruth not excluded. ever ← up to the age. |
| Neh 13:2 | כִּ֣י לֹ֧א קִדְּמ֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר עָלָ֤יו אֶת־בִּלְעָם֙ לְקַֽלְל֔וֹ וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָֽה׃ | For they did not meet the sons of Israel with bread and water, and they hired Balaam against them to curse them, but our God turned the curse into a blessing. |
bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24.
Balaam: see Num 22:5. them (2x) ← him. |
| Neh 13:3 | וַיְהִ֖י כְּשָׁמְעָ֣ם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיַּבְדִּ֥ילוּ כָל־עֵ֖רֶב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it came to pass when they heard the law that they separated all the mixed camp followers from Israel. | |
| Neh 13:4 | וְלִפְנֵ֣י מִזֶּ֔ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ קָר֖וֹב לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃ | Now before this, Eliashib the priest had been given an appointment in an office of the house of our God. He was related to Tobiah, | |
| Neh 13:5 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ ל֜וֹ לִשְׁכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֗ה וְשָׁ֣ם הָי֪וּ לְפָנִ֟ים נֹ֠תְנִים אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֨ה הַלְּבוֹנָ֜ה וְהַכֵּלִ֗ים וּמַעְשַׂ֤ר הַדָּגָן֙ הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֔ר מִצְוַת֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים וּתְרוּמַ֖ת הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | and he had acquired for him a large office where people had previously given the meal-offering, the frankincense and various articles and the tithe of the corn, the new wine and the new oil – a commandment for the Levites and the singers and the gatekeepers – and the heave-offering for the priests. | commandment for ← commandment of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 13:6 | וּבְכָל־זֶ֕ה לֹ֥א הָיִ֖יתִי בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֡י בִּשְׁנַת֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וּשְׁתַּ֜יִם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֤סְתְּא מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ בָּ֣אתִי אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְקֵ֥ץ יָמִ֖ים נִשְׁאַ֥לְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | But during all this I was not in Jerusalem, for in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon, I had gone to the king, and after some days I asked the king for leave, | after ← at the end of. |
| Neh 13:7 | וָאָב֖וֹא לִֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וָאָבִ֣ינָה בָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ לְט֣וֹבִיָּ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לוֹ֙ נִשְׁכָּ֔ה בְּחַצְרֵ֖י בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | and I came to Jerusalem, and I became aware of the wrong which Eliashib had done for the benefit of Tobiah in acquiring an office for him in the courtyards of the house of God. | in acquiring ← in doing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Neh 13:8 | וַיֵּ֥רַֽע לִ֖י מְאֹ֑ד וָֽאַשְׁלִ֜יכָה אֶֽת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֧י בֵית־טוֹבִיָּ֛ה הַח֖וּץ מִן־הַלִּשְׁכָּֽה׃ | And it was very hurtful to me, and I threw all Tobiah's household articles out of the office. | |
| Neh 13:9 | וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה וַֽיְטַהֲר֖וּ הַלְּשָׁכ֑וֹת וָאָשִׁ֣יבָה שָּׁ֗ם כְּלֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֖ה וְהַלְּבוֹנָֽה׃ פ | And I gave instruction, and they cleansed the offices, and I restored the equipment of the house of God there, and the meal-offering, and the frankincense. |
gave instruction ← said.
and the meal-offering ← with the meal-offering (sociative אֶת). |
| Neh 13:10 | וָאֵ֣דְעָ֔ה כִּֽי־מְנָי֥וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לֹ֣א נִתָּ֑נָה וַיִּבְרְח֧וּ אִישׁ־לְשָׂדֵ֛הוּ הַלְוִיִּ֥ם וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים עֹשֵׂ֥י הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | And I knew that the contributions for the Levites had not been given, and that the Levites and the singers who did the work had fled – each to his own field. | for the Levites ← of the Levites. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 13:11 | וָאָרִ֙יבָה֙ אֶת־הַסְּגָנִ֔ים וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה מַדּ֖וּעַ נֶעֱזַ֣ב בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וָֽאֶ֨קְבְּצֵ֔ם וָֽאַעֲמִדֵ֖ם עַל־עָמְדָֽם׃ | And I argued with the administrators, and I said, “Why has the house of God been abandoned?” And I gathered them together and stationed them in their positions. | positions ← position. |
| Neh 13:12 | וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֗ה הֵבִ֜יאוּ מַעְשַׂ֧ר הַדָּגָ֛ן וְהַתִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֖ר לָאוֹצָרֽוֹת׃ | And all Judah brought the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the new oil to the treasuries. | |
| Neh 13:13 | וָאוֹצְרָ֣ה עַל־א֠וֹצָרוֹת שֶׁלֶמְיָ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וְצָד֣וֹק הַסּוֹפֵ֗ר וּפְדָיָה֙ מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְעַל־יָדָ֔ם חָנָ֥ן בֶּן־זַכּ֖וּר בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָ֑ה כִּ֤י נֶאֱמָנִים֙ נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ וַעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לַחֲלֹ֥ק לַאֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And I appointed treasurers over the treasuries: Shelemiah the priest and Zadok the scribe, and Pedaiah from the Levites, and alongside them was Hanan, the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah, for they were considered faithful, and it was incumbent on them to apportion the revenue to their brothers. | |
| Neh 13:14 | זָכְרָה־לִּ֥י אֱלֹהַ֖י עַל־זֹ֑את וְאַל־תֶּ֣מַח חֲסָדַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֛יתִי בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהַ֖י וּבְמִשְׁמָרָֽיו׃ | Remember me, O God of mine, for this, and do not blot out the kind deeds which I have done in the house of my God and its observances. | |
| Neh 13:15 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֡מָּה רָאִ֣יתִי בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה ׀ דֹּֽרְכִֽים־גִּתּ֣וֹת ׀ בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת וּמְבִיאִ֣ים הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים עַל־הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים וְאַף־יַ֜יִן עֲנָבִ֤ים וּתְאֵנִים֙ וְכָל־מַשָּׂ֔א וּמְבִיאִ֥ים יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וָאָעִ֕יד בְּי֖וֹם מִכְרָ֥ם צָֽיִד׃ | In those days I saw in Judah men treading in wine presses on the Sabbath, and bringing grain in in heaps, and loading it on donkeys – and also wine, grapes and figs and all kinds of burden – and bringing them to Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. And I testified against them on the day when they sold the produce. | |
| Neh 13:16 | וְהַצֹּרִים֙ יָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ מְבִיאִ֥ים דָּ֖אג וְכָל־מֶ֑כֶר וּמֹכְרִ֧ים בַּשַּׁבָּ֛ת לִבְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And Tyrians lived in the place, and they brought fish and all kinds of merchandise and sold it on the Sabbath to the sons of Judah and in Jerusalem. | in the place ← in it, probably referring to Judah. |
| Neh 13:17 | וָאָרִ֕יבָה אֵ֖ת חֹרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֗ם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וּֽמְחַלְּלִ֖ים אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ | And I argued with the nobles of Judah, and I said to them, “What is this evil thing that you are doing, seeing you are profaning the Sabbath day? | |
| Neh 13:18 | הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַיָּבֵ֨א אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ עָלֵ֗ינוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְעַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאַתֶּ֞ם מוֹסִיפִ֤ים חָרוֹן֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ פ | Did not your fathers do likewise, so that our God brought all this trouble on us and on this city, yet you are adding fury on Israel by profaning the Sabbath.” |
trouble ← evil.
by profaning: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| Neh 13:19 | וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֶֽעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ | And it came to pass, when the gates of Jerusalem were becoming overshadowed before the Sabbath, that I ordered that the doors be shut, and I ordered that they should not be open until after the Sabbath. And I stationed some of my servant-lads at the gates so that no burden should enter on the Sabbath day. | they should not be open ← they should not open them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| Neh 13:20 | וַיָּלִ֨ינוּ הָרֹכְלִ֜ים וּמֹכְרֵ֧י כָל־מִמְכָּ֛ר מִח֥וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִָ֖ם פַּ֥עַם וּשְׁתָּֽיִם׃ | Then the traders and sellers of all kinds of merchandise lodged outside Jerusalem once or twice. | |
| Neh 13:21 | וָאָעִ֣ידָה בָהֶ֗ם וָאֹמְרָ֤ה אֲלֵיהֶם֙ מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַחוֹמָ֔ה אִם־תִּשְׁנ֕וּ יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּכֶ֑ם מִן־הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא לֹא־בָ֖אוּ בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ס | But I testified against them, and I said to them, “Why do you lodge opposite the wall? If you do it again I will lay hands on you.” From that time they did not come on the Sabbath. | lay hands ← send a hand. |
| Neh 13:22 | וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִֽהְי֤וּ מִֽטַּהֲרִים֙ וּבָאִים֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת גַּם־זֹאת֙ זָכְרָה־לִּ֣י אֱלֹהַ֔י וְח֥וּסָה עָלַ֖י כְּרֹ֥ב חַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ פ | And I instructed the Levites that they should purify themselves and come and guard the gates to sanctify the Sabbath day. Remember this too on my account, O God of mine, and have pity on me, according to the abundance of your kindness. | |
| Neh 13:23 | גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ *אשדודיות **אַשְׁדֳּדִיּ֔וֹת *עמוניות **עַמֳּנִיּ֖וֹת מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת׃ | Also in those days I saw the Jews bringing Ashdodite, Ammonite and Moabite women into their homes, |
Ashdodite ... Ammonite: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same words.
bringing ... into their homes ← they caused to dwell. |
| Neh 13:24 | וּבְנֵיהֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֔ית וְאֵינָ֥ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית וְכִלְשׁ֖וֹן עַ֥ם וָעָֽם׃ | and their sons spoke half Ashdodian, and they were not familiar with speaking the Judaean language, but they spoke in the tongue of the various peoples. |
Judaean: or Jewish.
the various peoples ← people and people. |
| Neh 13:25 | וָאָרִ֤יב עִמָּם֙ וָאֲקַֽלְלֵ֔ם וָאַכֶּ֥ה מֵהֶ֛ם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וָֽאֶמְרְטֵ֑ם וָאַשְׁבִּיעֵ֣ם בֵּֽאלֹהִ֗ים אִם־תִּתְּנ֤וּ בְנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ לִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְאִם־תִּשְׂאוּ֙ מִבְּנֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֖ם וְלָכֶֽם׃ | And I argued with them, and I cursed them, and I struck some of the men, and I plucked out their hair, and I adjured them by God and said, “Do not give your daughters to their sons and do not take any of their daughters for your sons or for yourselves at all. | do not give... do not take ... at all ← if you give ... if you take, standing for if you give ... if you take ... may God do this to you. Strong denial using an abbreviation of the oath formula of 2 Sam 3:35. |
| Neh 13:26 | הֲל֣וֹא עַל־אֵ֣לֶּה חָטָֽא־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וּבַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָרַבִּים֩ לֹֽא־הָיָ֨ה מֶ֜לֶךְ כָּמֹ֗הוּ וְאָה֤וּב לֵֽאלֹהָיו֙ הָיָ֔ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֣הוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גַּם־אוֹת֣וֹ הֶחֱטִ֔יאוּ הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ | Did not Solomon king of Israel sin similarly? Yet among the numerous nations there was no king like him, and he was loved by his God, and God appointed him king over all Israel. But the foreign women induced even him to sin. | similarly ← after (the manner of) these. |
| Neh 13:27 | וְלָכֶ֣ם הֲנִשְׁמַ֗ע לַעֲשֹׂת֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את לִמְעֹ֖ל בֵּֽאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְהֹשִׁ֖יב נָשִׁ֥ים נָכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ | So shall we consent to you doing all this great evil, in acting perversely against our God, in taking foreign women into our homes?” |
doing ... in acting ... in taking: gerundial use of the infinitive.
in taking ... into our homes ← to cause to dwell. |
| Neh 13:28 | וּמִבְּנֵ֨י יוֹיָדָ֤ע בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל חָתָ֖ן לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֑י וָאַבְרִיחֵ֖הוּ מֵעָלָֽי׃ | And one of the sons of Joiada the son of Eliashib the high priest was the son-in-law of Sanballat the Horonite, and I chased him away from me. | |
| Neh 13:29 | זָכְרָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהָ֑י עַ֚ל גָּאֳלֵ֣י הַכְּהֻנָּ֔ה וּבְרִ֥ית הַכְּהֻנָּ֖ה וְהַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | Remember them, O God of mine, for the stains they brought on the priesthood and the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites. | stains they brought on ← stains of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| Neh 13:30 | וְטִֽהַרְתִּ֖ים מִכָּל־נֵכָ֑ר וָאַעֲמִ֧ידָה מִשְׁמָר֛וֹת לַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בִּמְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ | And I cleansed them from all foreignness, and I instituted duties for the priests and Levites – each in his own work – | duties: or, more specifically, guard duties. |
| Neh 13:31 | וּלְקֻרְבַּ֧ן הָעֵצִ֛ים בְּעִתִּ֥ים מְזֻמָּנ֖וֹת וְלַבִּכּוּרִ֑ים זָכְרָה־לִּ֥י אֱלֹהַ֖י לְטוֹבָֽה׃ | and for the offering of wood at appointed times, and for the firstfruits. Remember me favourably, O God of mine. | |
| 1 Chr 1:1 | אָדָ֥ם שֵׁ֖ת אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ | Adam, Seth, Enos, |
|| Gen 1:27, Gen 4:25, Gen 4:26 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV = Sheth).
See the Introduction and the parallel passages for notes on AV naming, which we generally adopt, from the first AV occurrence, sometimes removing inconsistencies and inaccuracies. |
| 1 Chr 1:2 | קֵינָ֥ן מַהֲלַלְאֵ֖ל יָֽרֶד׃ | Cainan, Mahalalel, Jared, | || Gen 5:10, Gen 5:12, Gen 5:15 (1 Chr AV= Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered). |
| 1 Chr 1:3 | חֲנ֥וֹךְ מְתוּשֶׁ֖לַח לָֽמֶךְ׃ | Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, | || Gen 5:18, Gen 5:21, Gen 5:25 (1 Chr AV= Henoch). |
| 1 Chr 1:4 | נֹ֥חַ שֵׁ֖ם חָ֥ם וָיָֽפֶת׃ ס | Noah, Shem, Ham, Japheth. | || Gen 5:29, Gen 5:32. |
| 1 Chr 1:5 | בְּנֵ֣י יֶ֔פֶת גֹּ֣מֶר וּמָג֔וֹג וּמָדַ֖י וְיָוָ֣ן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ וְתִירָֽס׃ ס | The sons of Japheth were Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras. | || Gen 10:2. |
| 1 Chr 1:6 | וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְדִיפַ֖ת וְתוֹגַרְמָֽה׃ | And the sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz and Diphath and Togarmah. | || Gen 10:3 (1 Chr AV= Ashchenaz; Gen = Riphath). |
| 1 Chr 1:7 | וּבְנֵ֥י יָוָ֖ן אֱלִישָׁ֣ה וְתַרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּתִּ֖ים וְרוֹדָנִֽים׃ ס | And the sons of Javan were Elishah and Tarshish, Kittim and Rodanim. | || Gen 10:4 (Gen MT AV, 1 Chr AV= Dodanim; 1 Chr MT= Tarshishah). |
| 1 Chr 1:8 | בְּנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם פּ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן׃ | And the sons of Ham were Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan. | || Gen 10:6 (1 Chr AV= Put, the correct unlenited form). |
| 1 Chr 1:9 | וּבְנֵ֣י כ֔וּשׁ סְבָא֙ וַחֲוִילָ֔ה וְסַבְתָּ֥א וְרַעְמָ֖א וְסַבְתְּכָ֑א וּבְנֵ֥י רַעְמָ֖א שְׁבָ֥א וּדְדָֽן׃ ס | And the sons of Cush were Seba and Havilah and Sabtah and Raamah and Sabtechah. And the sons of Raamah were Sheba and Dedan. | || Gen 10:7 (1 Chr MT AV= Sabta, Raama, Sabtecha). Both Gen MT and 1 Chr MT read Sabtecha. |
| 1 Chr 1:10 | וְכ֖וּשׁ יָלַ֣ד אֶת־נִמְר֑וֹד ה֣וּא הֵחֵ֔ל לִהְי֥וֹת גִּבּ֖וֹר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ ס | And Cush begot Nimrod. He started to become mighty in the land. | || Gen 10:8. |
| 1 Chr 1:11 | וּמִצְרַ֡יִם יָלַ֞ד אֶת־*לודיים **לוּדִ֧ים וְאֶת־עֲנָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־לְהָבִ֖ים וְאֶת־נַפְתֻּחִֽים׃ | And Mizraim begot {Q: Ludim} [K: Ludiim] and Anamim and Lehabim and Naphtuhim, | || Gen 10:13. |
| 1 Chr 1:12 | וְֽאֶת־פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים וְאֶת־כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֥וּ מִשָּׁ֛ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְאֶת־כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס | and Pathrusim, and Casluhim from whom the Philistines emerged, and the Caphtorites. |
|| Gen 10:14.
from whom ← from where. |
| 1 Chr 1:13 | וּכְנַ֗עַן יָלַ֛ד אֶת־צִיד֥וֹן בְּכֹר֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֵֽת׃ | And Canaan begot Sidon his firstborn and Heth, | || Gen 10:15 (1 Chr AV= Zidon). |
| 1 Chr 1:14 | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃ | and the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite, | || Gen 10:16. |
| 1 Chr 1:15 | וְאֶת־הַחִוִּ֥י וְאֶת־הַֽעַרְקִ֖י וְאֶת־הַסִּינִֽי׃ | and the Hivite and the Arkite and the Sinite, | || Gen 10:17. |
| 1 Chr 1:16 | וְאֶת־הָאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַֽחֲמָתִֽי׃ ס | and the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite. | || Gen 10:18. |
| 1 Chr 1:17 | בְּנֵ֣י שֵׁ֔ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֔וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֣וּד וַאֲרָ֑ם וְע֥וּץ וְח֖וּל וְגֶ֥תֶר וָמֶֽשֶׁךְ׃ ס | The sons of Shem were Elam and Ashshur and Arphaxad and Lud and Aram and Uz and Hul and Gether and Meshech. |
|| Gen 10:22, Gen 10:23 (Gen MT AV= Mash, and the last four are grandsons, wider usage).
Ashshur: AV= Asshur. |
| 1 Chr 1:18 | וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד יָלַ֣ד אֶת־שָׁ֑לַח וְשֶׁ֖לַח יָלַ֥ד אֶת־עֵֽבֶר׃ | And Arphaxad begot Shelah, and Shelah begot Eber. | || Gen 10:24 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV= Shelah). |
| 1 Chr 1:19 | וּלְעֵ֥בֶר יֻלַּ֖ד שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים שֵׁ֣ם הָאֶחָ֞ד פֶּ֗לֶג כִּ֤י בְיָמָיו֙ נִפְלְגָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יָקְטָֽן׃ | And by Eber two sons were begotten. The name of one was Peleg, for in his days the earth became divided, and the name of his brother was Joktan. | || Gen 10:25. |
| 1 Chr 1:20 | וְיָקְטָ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־אַלְמוֹדָ֖ד וְאֶת־שָׁ֑לֶף וְאֶת־חֲצַרְמָ֖וֶת וְאֶת־יָֽרַח׃ | And Joktan begot Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah, | || Gen 10:26. |
| 1 Chr 1:21 | וְאֶת־הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־דִּקְלָֽה׃ | and Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah, | || Gen 10:27. |
| 1 Chr 1:22 | וְאֶת־עֵיבָ֥ל וְאֶת־אֲבִימָאֵ֖ל וְאֶת־שְׁבָֽא׃ | and Ebal and Abimael and Sheba, | || Gen 10:28 (Gen MT AV = Obal, 1 Chr MT AV = Ebal). |
| 1 Chr 1:23 | וְאֶת־אוֹפִ֥יר וְאֶת־חֲוִילָ֖ה וְאֶת־יוֹבָ֑ב כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י יָקְטָֽן׃ ס | and Ophir and Havilah and Jobab. All of these were the sons of Joktan. | || Gen 10:29. |
| 1 Chr 1:24 | שֵׁ֥ם ׀ אַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד שָֽׁלַח׃ | Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, | || Gen 11:11, Gen 11:12 (1 Chr MT AV = Shelah; see Gen 10:24). |
| 1 Chr 1:25 | עֵ֥בֶר פֶּ֖לֶג רְעֽוּ׃ | Eber, Peleg, Reu, | || Gen 11:16, Gen 11:18. |
| 1 Chr 1:26 | שְׂר֥וּג נָח֖וֹר תָּֽרַח׃ | Serug, Nahor, Terah, | || Gen 11:20, Gen 11:22, Gen 11:24. |
| 1 Chr 1:27 | אַבְרָ֖ם ה֥וּא אַבְרָהָֽם׃ ס | Abram, who is Abraham. | || Gen 11:26. |
| 1 Chr 1:28 | בְּנֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם יִצְחָ֖ק וְיִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ ס | The sons of Abraham were Isaac and Ishmael. | || Gen 16:15, Gen 17:19, Gen 21:3. |
| 1 Chr 1:29 | אֵ֖לֶּה תֹּלְדוֹתָ֑ם בְּכ֤וֹר יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ נְבָי֔וֹת וְקֵדָ֥ר וְאַדְבְּאֵ֖ל וּמִבְשָֽׂם׃ | This is their genealogy: the firstborn of Ishmael was Nebaioth, then Kedar and Adbeel and Mibsam, |
|| Gen 25:13.
Nebaioth: see Gen 25:13. |
| 1 Chr 1:30 | מִשְׁמָ֣ע וְדוּמָ֔ה מַשָּׂ֖א חֲדַ֥ד וְתֵימָֽא׃ | and Mishma and Dumah, Massa, Hadar and Tema, | || Gen 25:14, Gen 25:15 (Gen MT AV, 1 Chr AV= Hadad). |
| 1 Chr 1:31 | יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵ֑דְמָה אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ ס | Jetur, Naphish and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael. | || Gen 25:15, Gen 25:16. |
| 1 Chr 1:32 | וּבְנֵ֨י קְטוּרָ֜ה פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ אַבְרָהָ֗ם יָלְדָ֞ה אֶת־זִמְרָ֧ן וְיָקְשָׁ֛ן וּמְדָ֥ן וּמִדְיָ֖ן וְיִשְׁבָּ֣ק וְשׁ֑וּחַ וּבְנֵ֥י יָקְשָׁ֖ן שְׁבָ֥א וּדְדָֽן׃ ס | And as for the sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine, she bore Zimran and Jokshan and Medan and Midian and Ishbak and Shuah. And the sons of Jokshan were Sheba and Dedan. | || Gen 25:2, Gen 25:3. |
| 1 Chr 1:33 | וּבְנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן עֵיפָ֤ה וָעֵ֙פֶר֙ וַחֲנ֔וֹךְ וַאֲבִידָ֖ע וְאֶלְדָּעָ֑ה כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י קְטוּרָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Midian were Ephah and Epher and Hanoch and Abida and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah. | || Gen 25:4 (1 Chr AV= Henoch). |
| 1 Chr 1:34 | וַיּ֥וֹלֶד אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־יִצְחָ֑ק ס בְּנֵ֣י יִצְחָ֔ק עֵשָׂ֖ו וְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And Abraham begot Isaac. The sons of Isaac were Esau and Israel. | || Gen 25:26, Gen 32:29 (Gen 32:28AV). |
| 1 Chr 1:35 | בְּנֵ֖י עֵשָׂ֑ו אֱלִיפַ֛ז רְעוּאֵ֥ל וִיע֖וּשׁ וְיַעְלָ֥ם וְקֹֽרַח׃ ס | The sons of Esau were Eliphaz, Reuel and Jeush and Jaalam and Korah. | || Gen 36:10, Gen 36:14. |
| 1 Chr 1:36 | בְּנֵ֖י אֱלִיפָ֑ז תֵּימָ֤ן וְאוֹמָר֙ צְפִ֣י וְגַעְתָּ֔ם קְנַ֖ז וְתִמְנָ֥ע וַעֲמָלֵֽק׃ ס | The sons of Eliphaz were Teman and Omar, Zephi and Gatam, Kenaz and Timna and Amalek. | || Gen 36:11, Gen 36:12 (Gen = Zepho). |
| 1 Chr 1:37 | בְּנֵ֖י רְעוּאֵ֑ל נַ֥חַת זֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֥ה וּמִזָּֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Reuel were Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. | || Gen 36:13. |
| 1 Chr 1:38 | וּבְנֵ֣י שֵׂעִ֔יר לוֹטָ֥ן וְשׁוֹבָ֖ל וְצִבְע֣וֹן וַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְדִישֹׁ֥ן וְאֵ֖צֶר וְדִישָֽׁן׃ | And the sons of Seir were Lotan and Shobal and Zibeon and Anah and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan. | || Gen 36:20, Gen 36:21. |
| 1 Chr 1:39 | וּבְנֵ֥י לוֹטָ֖ן חֹרִ֣י וְהוֹמָ֑ם וַאֲח֥וֹת לוֹטָ֖ן תִּמְנָֽע׃ ס | And Lotan's sons were Hori and Homam, and Lotan's sister was Timna. | || Gen 36:22 (Gen = Hemam). |
| 1 Chr 1:40 | בְּנֵ֣י שׁוֹבָ֔ל עַלְיָ֧ן וּמָנַ֛חַת וְעֵיבָ֖ל שְׁפִ֣י וְאוֹנָ֑ם ס וּבְנֵ֥י צִבְע֖וֹן אַיָּ֥ה וַעֲנָֽה׃ | The sons of Shobal were Alian and Manahath and Ebal, Shephi and Onam. And the sons of Zibeon were Ajah and Anah. | || Gen 36:23, Gen 36:24 (Gen = Alvan, Shepho, Veajah, but perhaps just Ajah; 1 Chr AV= Aiah). |
| 1 Chr 1:41 | בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָ֖ה דִּישׁ֑וֹן ס וּבְנֵ֣י דִישׁ֔וֹן חַמְרָ֥ן וְאֶשְׁבָּ֖ן וְיִתְרָ֥ן וּכְרָֽן׃ ס | The sons of Anah were Dishon and his line. And the sons of Dishon were Hamran and Eshban and Ithran and Cheran. |
|| Gen 36:25, Gen 36:26 (Gen MT AV = Hemdan, 1 Chr AV= Amram).
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 1:42 | בְּֽנֵי־אֵ֔צֶר בִּלְהָ֥ן וְזַעֲוָ֖ן יַעֲקָ֑ן בְּנֵ֥י דִישׁ֖וֹן ע֥וּץ וַאֲרָֽן׃ פ | The sons of Ezer were Bilhan and Zaavan and Jaakan. The sons of Dishon were Uz and Aran. |
|| Gen 36:27, Gen 36:28 (1 Chr AV= Zavan, Dishan; Gen = Akan, which would agree with וַעֲקָן here).
Jaakan: AV= Jakan. Not the same Hebrew as Jachan in 1 Chr 5:13. |
| 1 Chr 1:43 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה הַמְּלָכִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלְכוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֥י מְלָךְ־מֶ֖לֶךְ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בֶּ֚לַע בֶּן־בְּע֔וֹר וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ דִּנְהָֽבָה׃ | And these were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the sons of Israel: Bela the son of Beor. And the name of his city was Dinhabah. | || Gen 36:32. |
| 1 Chr 1:44 | וַיָּ֖מָת בָּ֑לַע וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו יוֹבָ֥ב בֶּן־זֶ֖רַח מִבָּצְרָֽה׃ | Then Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah from Bozrah reigned in place of him. | || Gen 36:33. |
| 1 Chr 1:45 | וַיָּ֖מָת יוֹבָ֑ב וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו חוּשָׁ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ הַתֵּימָנִֽי׃ | Then Jobab died, and Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in place of him. |
|| Gen 36:34.
the Temanites ← the Temanite. |
| 1 Chr 1:46 | וַיָּ֖מָת חוּשָׁ֑ם וַיִּמְלֹ֨ךְ תַּחְתָּ֜יו הֲדַ֣ד בֶּן־בְּדַ֗ד הַמַּכֶּ֤ה אֶת־מִדְיָן֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ *עיות **עֲוִֽית׃ | Then Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midian down in the countryside of Moab, reigned in place of him, and the name of his city was {Q: Avith} [K: Ajoth]. | || Gen 36:35. |
| 1 Chr 1:47 | וַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שַׂמְלָ֖ה מִמַּשְׂרֵקָֽה׃ | Then Hadad died, and Samlah from Masrekah reigned in place of him. | || Gen 36:36. |
| 1 Chr 1:48 | וַיָּ֖מָת שַׂמְלָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו שָׁא֖וּל מֵרְחֹב֥וֹת הַנָּהָֽר׃ | Then Samlah died, and Saul from Rehoboth-upon-the-River reigned in place of him. |
|| Gen 36:37 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV = Shaul).
Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, as for the first king of the united kingdom of Israel (1 Sam 9:2), but we regularize this name for other personages. AV= Shaul here, but Saul in Gen 36:37. |
| 1 Chr 1:49 | וַיָּ֖מָת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔יו בַּ֥עַל חָנָ֖ן בֶּן־עַכְבּֽוֹר׃ | Then Saul died, and Baal-Hanan the son of Achbor reigned in place of him. | || Gen 36:38 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV = Shaul). See 1 Chr 1:48. |
| 1 Chr 1:50 | וַיָּ֙מָת֙ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֔ן וַיִּמְלֹ֤ךְ תַּחְתָּיו֙ הֲדַ֔ד וְשֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖וֹ פָּ֑עִי וְשֵׁ֨ם אִשְׁתּ֤וֹ מְהֵיטַבְאֵל֙ בַּת־מַטְרֵ֔ד בַּ֖ת מֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | Then Baal-Hanan died, and Hadad reigned in place of him, and the name of his city was Pai, and the name of his wife was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-Zahab. | || Gen 36:39 (Gen = Hadar, Pau). |
| 1 Chr 1:51 | וַיָּ֖מָת הֲדָ֑ד ס וַיִּהְיוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אַלּ֥וּף תִּמְנָ֛ע אַלּ֥וּף *עליה **עַֽלְוָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף יְתֵֽת׃ | Then Hadad died, and there arose chieftains of Edom: Chieftain Timna, Chieftain {Q: Alvah} [K: Aliah], Chieftain Jetheth, |
The AV reads similarly to the ketiv, Aliah.
|| Gen 36:40. arose ← became, were. Timna: AV= Timnah here. |
| 1 Chr 1:52 | אַלּ֧וּף אָהֳלִיבָמָ֛ה אַלּ֥וּף אֵלָ֖ה אַלּ֥וּף פִּינֹֽן׃ | Chieftain Aholibamah, Chieftain Elah, Chieftain Pinon, |
|| Gen 36:41.
Aholibamah ← Oholibamah, [AnLx], but not necessarily so, and we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Chr 1:53 | אַלּ֥וּף קְנַ֛ז אַלּ֥וּף תֵּימָ֖ן אַלּ֣וּף מִבְצָֽר׃ | Chieftain Kenaz, Chieftain Teman, Chieftain Mibzar, | || Gen 36:42. |
| 1 Chr 1:54 | אַלּ֥וּף מַגְדִּיאֵ֖ל אַלּ֣וּף עִירָ֑ם אֵ֖לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֥י אֱדֽוֹם׃ פ | Chieftain Magdiel, Chieftain Iram. These were the chieftains of Edom. | || Gen 36:43. |
| 1 Chr 2:1 | אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רְאוּבֵ֤ן שִׁמְעוֹן֙ לֵוִ֣י וִיהוּדָ֔ה יִשָׂשכָ֖ר וּזְבֻלֽוּן׃ | These were the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah, Issachar and Zebulun, | || Gen 29:32, Gen 29:33, Gen 29:34, Gen 29:35, Gen 30:18, Gen 30:20. |
| 1 Chr 2:2 | דָּ֚ן יוֹסֵ֣ף וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן נַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ ס | Dan, Joseph and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher. | || Gen 30:6, Gen 30:24, Gen 35:18, Gen 30:8, Gen 30:11, Gen 30:13. |
| 1 Chr 2:3 | בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה עֵ֤ר וְאוֹנָן֙ וְשֵׁלָ֔ה שְׁלוֹשָׁה֙ נ֣וֹלַד ל֔וֹ מִבַּת־שׁ֖וּעַ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑ית וַיְהִ֞י עֵ֣ר ׀ בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֗ה רַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וַיְמִיתֵֽהוּ׃ ס | The sons of Judah were Er and Onan and Shelah. Three were born to him by the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er, Judah's firstborn was evil in the Lord's sight, and he killed him. | || Gen 38:3, Gen 38:4, Gen 38:5 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV Shua). |
| 1 Chr 2:4 | וְתָמָר֙ כַּלָּת֔וֹ יָ֥לְדָה לּ֖וֹ אֶת־פֶּ֣רֶץ וְאֶת־זָ֑רַח כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה חֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | Then Tamar, his daughter-in-law bore him Perez and Zerah. Judah's sons were five in total. | || Gen 38:29, Gen 38:30 (Gen MT, 1 Chr MT= Perez; Gen MT, 1 Chr MT AV = Zerah). |
| 1 Chr 2:5 | בְּנֵי־פֶ֖רֶץ חֶצְר֥וֹן וְחָמֽוּל׃ ס | The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul. | || Ruth 4:18, Gen 46:12. |
| 1 Chr 2:6 | וּבְנֵ֣י זֶ֗רַח זִ֠מְרִי וְאֵיתָ֧ן וְהֵימָ֛ן וְכַלְכֹּ֥ל וָדָ֖רַע כֻּלָּ֥ם חֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס | And the sons of Zerah were Zimri and Ethan and Heman and Calcol and Dara – five of them in total. | |
| 1 Chr 2:7 | וּבְנֵ֖י כַּרְמִ֑י עָכָר֙ עוֹכֵ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָעַ֖ל בַּחֵֽרֶם׃ ס | And the sons of Carmi were Achar the plague of Israel who acted treacherously with the condemned spoils. |
|| Josh 7:1.
Achar: in Joshua MT AV = Achan. plague ← sorrow maker. |
| 1 Chr 2:8 | וּבְנֵ֥י אֵיתָ֖ן עֲזַרְיָֽה׃ | And the sons of Ethan were Azariah and his line. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 2:9 | וּבְנֵ֥י חֶצְר֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר נוֹלַד־ל֑וֹ אֶת־יְרַחְמְאֵ֥ל וְאֶת־רָ֖ם וְאֶת־כְּלוּבָֽי׃ | And the sons of Hezron who were born to him were Jerahmeel and Ram and Chelubai. | || Ruth 4:19. |
| 1 Chr 2:10 | וְרָ֖ם הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־עַמִּינָדָ֑ב וְעַמִּינָדָב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־נַחְשׁ֔וֹן נְשִׂ֖יא בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And Ram begot Amminadab, and Amminadab begot Nahshon, the leader of the sons of Judah. | || Ruth 4:19, Ruth 4:20. |
| 1 Chr 2:11 | וְנַחְשׁוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שַׂלְמָ֔א וְשַׂלְמָ֖א הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־בֹּֽעַז׃ | And Nahshon begot Salma, and Salma begot Boaz. | || Ruth 4:20, Ruth 4:21 (Ruth MT AV = Salmon). |
| 1 Chr 2:12 | וּבֹ֙עַז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־עוֹבֵ֔ד וְעוֹבֵ֖ד הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יִשָֽׁי׃ | And Boaz begot Obed, and Obed begot Jesse, |
|| Ruth 4:21, Ruth 4:22.
Jesse ← Jishai, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Chr 2:13 | וְאִישַׁ֛י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־בְּכֹר֖וֹ אֶת־אֱלִיאָ֑ב וַאֲבִינָדָב֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְשִׁמְעָ֖א הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃ | and Jesse begot his firstborn, Eliab, and Abinadab the second son, and Shimah the third, |
|| 1 Sam 16:6, 1 Sam 16:8, 1 Sam 16:9 (1 Sam MT AV = Shimmah).
Shimah ← Shim'a. AV= Shimma here, but usually Shimeah. We regularize to Shimah, as in 2 Sam 13:3. |
| 1 Chr 2:14 | נְתַנְאֵל֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י רַדַּ֖י הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ | and Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| 1 Chr 2:15 | אֹ֚צֶם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י דָּוִ֖יד הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh. | || 1 Sam 16:11, 1 Sam 16:12, 1 Sam 16:13, Ruth 4:22. |
| 1 Chr 2:16 | *ואחיתיהם **וְאַחְיוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם צְרוּיָ֣ה וַאֲבִיגָ֑יִל וּבְנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֗ה אַבְשַׁ֛י וְיוֹאָ֥ב וַעֲשָׂה־אֵ֖ל שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And Zeruiah's sons were Abishai and Joab and Asahel – three of them. |
sisters: the ketiv is a scriptio defectiva spelling of the qeré.
|| 2 Sam 2:18 (2 Sam MT AV, 1 Chr AV= Abishai; 1 Chr MT= Asah-El). Abishai ← Abshai in 1 Chr; frequently Abishai elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 2:17 | וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֑א וַאֲבִ֣י עֲמָשָׂ֔א יֶ֖תֶר הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִֽי׃ | And Abigail bore Amasa, and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite. |
|| 2 Sam 17:25.
Jether: almost identical spelling to Ithra of 2 Sam 17:25. Ishmaelite: see Gen 37:25. |
| 1 Chr 2:18 | וְכָלֵ֣ב בֶּן־חֶצְר֗וֹן הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־עֲזוּבָ֥ה אִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־יְרִיע֑וֹת וְאֵ֣לֶּה בָנֶ֔יהָ יֵ֥שֶׁר וְשׁוֹבָ֖ב וְאַרְדּֽוֹן׃ | And Caleb the son of Hezron begot offspring by Azubah his wife and by Jerioth, and these were their sons: Jesher and Shobab and Ardon. | their ← her, perhaps standing for each one's. |
| 1 Chr 2:19 | וַתָּ֖מָת עֲזוּבָ֑ה וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֤וֹ כָלֵב֙ אֶת־אֶפְרָ֔ת וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ אֶת־חֽוּר׃ | Then when Azubah died, Caleb took Ephrath as his wife, and she bore him Hur. |
|| Ex 31:2.
took ... as his wife ← took to himself. |
| 1 Chr 2:20 | וְחוּר֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אוּרִ֔י וְאוּרִ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־בְּצַלְאֵֽל׃ ס | And Hur begot Uri, and Uri begot Bezalel. |
|| Ex 31:2.
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2. |
| 1 Chr 2:21 | וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֤א חֶצְרוֹן֙ אֶל־בַּת־מָכִיר֙ אֲבִ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וְה֣וּא לְקָחָ֔הּ וְה֖וּא בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ אֶת־שְׂגֽוּב׃ | And afterwards Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead. And when he took her as wife, he was sixty years old, and she bore him Segub. |
|| Num 32:40, Deut 3:15.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 2:22 | וּשְׂג֖וּב הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יָאִ֑יר וַֽיְהִי־ל֗וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְשָׁלוֹשׁ֙ עָרִ֔ים בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד׃ | And Segub bore Jair, who had twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead. | |
| 1 Chr 2:23 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח גְּשֽׁוּר־וַ֠אֲרָם אֶת־חַוֺּ֨ת יָאִ֧יר מֵאִתָּ֛ם אֶת־קְנָ֥ת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁשִּׁ֣ים עִ֑יר כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֖י מָכִ֥יר אֲבִי־גִלְעָֽד׃ | And he took Geshur and Aram with the villages of Jair from them, with Kenath and its satellites – sixty towns. All these fell to the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. | || Num 26:29. |
| 1 Chr 2:24 | וְאַחַ֥ר מוֹת־חֶצְר֖וֹן בְּכָלֵ֣ב אֶפְרָ֑תָה וְאֵ֤שֶׁת חֶצְרוֹן֙ אֲבִיָּ֔ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֶת־אַשְׁח֖וּר אֲבִ֥י תְקֽוֹעַ׃ | And after the death of Hezron in Caleb-Ephrathah, Hezron's wife Abijah bore him Ashhur the father of Tekoa. |
Abijah: see 1 Sam 8:2.
Ashhur: AV= Ashur. |
| 1 Chr 2:25 | וַיִּהְי֧וּ בְנֵי־יְרַחְמְאֵ֛ל בְּכ֥וֹר חֶצְר֖וֹן הַבְּכ֣וֹר ׀ רָ֑ם וּבוּנָ֥ה וָאֹ֛רֶן וָאֹ֖צֶם אֲחִיָּֽה׃ | And the sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were Ram the firstborn and Bunah and Oren and Ozem and Ahijah. | |
| 1 Chr 2:26 | וַתְּהִ֨י אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחֶ֛רֶת לִֽירַחְמְאֵ֖ל וּשְׁמָ֣הּ עֲטָרָ֑ה הִ֖יא אֵ֥ם אוֹנָֽם׃ ס | And Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was Atarah. She was the mother of Onam. | |
| 1 Chr 2:27 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־רָ֖ם בְּכ֣וֹר יְרַחְמְאֵ֑ל מַ֥עַץ וְיָמִ֖ין וָעֵֽקֶר׃ | And the sons of Ram, the firstborn of Jerahmeel, were Maaz and Jamin and Eker. | |
| 1 Chr 2:28 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־אוֹנָ֖ם שַׁמַּ֣י וְיָדָ֑ע וּבְנֵ֣י שַׁמַּ֔י נָדָ֖ב וַאֲבִישֽׁוּר׃ | And the sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada. And the sons of Shammai were Nadab and Abishur. | |
| 1 Chr 2:29 | וְשֵׁ֛ם אֵ֥שֶׁת אֲבִישׁ֖וּר אֲבִיהָ֑יִל וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֶת־אַחְבָּ֖ן וְאֶת־מוֹלִֽיד׃ | And the name of Abishur's wife was Abihail, and she bore him Ahban and Molid. | |
| 1 Chr 2:30 | וּבְנֵ֥י נָדָ֖ב סֶ֣לֶד וְאַפָּ֑יִם וַיָּ֥מָת סֶ֖לֶד לֹ֥א בָנִֽים׃ ס | And the sons of Nadab were Seled and Appaim. But Seled died without sons. | |
| 1 Chr 2:31 | וּבְנֵ֥י אַפַּ֖יִם יִשְׁעִ֑י וּבְנֵ֤י יִשְׁעִי֙ שֵׁשָׁ֔ן וּבְנֵ֥י שֵׁשָׁ֖ן אַחְלָֽי׃ | And the sons of Appaim were Ishi and his line. And the sons of Ishi were Sheshan and his line. And the sons of Sheshan were Ahlai and his line. | and his line (3x): for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 2:32 | וּבְנֵ֤י יָדָע֙ אֲחִ֣י שַׁמַּ֔י יֶ֖תֶר וְיוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיָּ֥מָת יֶ֖תֶר לֹ֥א בָנִֽים׃ ס | And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai were Jether and Jonathan. But Jether died without sons. | |
| 1 Chr 2:33 | וּבְנֵ֥י יוֹנָתָ֖ן פֶּ֣לֶת וְזָזָ֑א אֵ֥לֶּה הָי֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י יְרַחְמְאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Jonathan were Peleth and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. | |
| 1 Chr 2:34 | וְלֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה לְשֵׁשָׁ֛ן בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וּלְשֵׁשָׁ֛ן עֶ֥בֶד מִצְרִ֖י וּשְׁמ֥וֹ יַרְחָֽע׃ | Now Sheshan did not have any sons, but daughters, and Sheshan had an Egyptian servant whose name was Jarha. | |
| 1 Chr 2:35 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שֵׁשָׁ֧ן אֶת־בִּתּ֛וֹ לְיַרְחָ֥ע עַבְדּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ אֶת־עַתָּֽי׃ | And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant as a wife, and she bore him Attai. | |
| 1 Chr 2:36 | וְעַתַּי֙ הֹלִ֣יד אֶת־נָתָ֔ן וְנָתָ֖ן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־זָבָֽד׃ | And Attai begot Nathan, and Nathan begot Zabad, | |
| 1 Chr 2:37 | וְזָבָד֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אֶפְלָ֔ל וְאֶפְלָ֖ל הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עוֹבֵֽד׃ | and Zabad begot Ephlal, and Ephlal begot Obed, | |
| 1 Chr 2:38 | וְעוֹבֵד֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֵה֔וּא וְיֵה֖וּא הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עֲזַרְיָֽה׃ | and Obed begot Jehu, and Jehu begot Azariah, | |
| 1 Chr 2:39 | וַעֲזַרְיָה֙ הֹלִ֣יד אֶת־חָ֔לֶץ וְחֶ֖לֶץ הֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֶלְעָשָֽׂה׃ | and Azariah begot Helez, and Helez begot Elasah, | Elasah ← El'asah. AV= Eleasah, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 2:40 | וְאֶלְעָשָׂה֙ הֹלִ֣יד אֶת־סִֽסְמָ֔י וְסִסְמַ֖י הֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁלּֽוּם׃ | and Elasah begot Sismai, and Sismai begot Shallum, |
Elasah: see 1 Chr 2:39.
Sismai (2x): AV= Sisamai, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. |
| 1 Chr 2:41 | וְשַׁלּוּם֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יְקַמְיָ֔ה וִֽיקַמְיָ֖ה הֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֱלִישָׁמָֽע׃ | and Shallum begot Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begot Elishama. | |
| 1 Chr 2:42 | וּבְנֵ֤י כָלֵב֙ אֲחִ֣י יְרַחְמְאֵ֔ל מֵישָׁ֥ע בְּכֹר֖וֹ ה֣וּא אֲבִי־זִ֑יף וּבְנֵ֥י מָרֵשָׁ֖ה אֲבִ֥י חֶבְרֽוֹן׃ | And the sons of Caleb, the brother of Jerahmeel were Mesha his firstborn and his line. He is the father of Ziph, and the forefather of the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 2:43 | וּבְנֵ֖י חֶבְר֑וֹן קֹ֥רַח וְתַפֻּ֖חַ וְרֶ֥קֶם וָשָֽׁמַע׃ | And the sons of Hebron were Korah and Tappuah and Rekem and Shema, | |
| 1 Chr 2:44 | וְשֶׁ֣מַע הוֹלִ֔יד אֶת־רַ֖חַם אֲבִ֣י יָרְקֳעָ֑ם וְרֶ֖קֶם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁמָּֽי׃ | and Shema begot Raham, the father of Jorkoam, and Rekem begot Shammai. | |
| 1 Chr 2:45 | וּבֶן־שַׁמַּ֖י מָע֑וֹן וּמָע֖וֹן אֲבִ֥י בֵֽית־צֽוּר׃ | And the son of Shammai was Maon. And Maon was the father of Beth-Zur. | |
| 1 Chr 2:46 | וְעֵיפָה֙ פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ כָּלֵ֔ב יָֽלְדָ֛ה אֶת־חָרָ֥ן וְאֶת־מוֹצָ֖א וְאֶת־גָּזֵ֑ז וְחָרָ֖ן הֹלִ֥יד אֶת־גָּזֵֽז׃ ס | And Ephah, Caleb's concubine, bore Haran and Moza and Gazez. And Haran begot Gazez. | |
| 1 Chr 2:47 | וּבְנֵ֖י יָהְדָּ֑י רֶ֧גֶם וְיוֹתָ֛ם וְגֵישָׁ֥ן וָפֶ֖לֶט וְעֵיפָ֥ה וָשָֽׁעַף׃ | And the sons of Johdai were Regem and Jotham and Geshan and Pelet and Ephah and Shaaph. | Johdai: AV= Jahdai, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. But perhaps Jahdai, because of the divine name Jah. |
| 1 Chr 2:48 | פִּלֶ֤גֶשׁ כָּלֵב֙ מַעֲכָ֔ה יָ֥לַד שֶׁ֖בֶר וְאֶֽת־תִּרְחֲנָֽה׃ | Caleb's concubine Maachah bore Sheber and Tirhanah. | |
| 1 Chr 2:49 | וַתֵּ֗לֶד שַׁ֚עַף אֲבִ֣י מַדְמַנָּ֔ה אֶת־שְׁוָ֛א אֲבִ֥י מַכְבֵּנָ֖ה וַאֲבִ֣י גִבְעָ֑א וּבַת־כָּלֵ֖ב עַכְסָֽה׃ ס | And she bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbenah, and the father of Gibea. And Caleb's daughter was Achsah. |
Gibea ← Gib'a, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21.
Achsah: AV= Achsah / Achsa, depending on the edition. |
| 1 Chr 2:50 | אֵ֤לֶּה הָיוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י כָלֵ֔ב בֶּן־ח֖וּר בְּכ֣וֹר אֶפְרָ֑תָה שׁוֹבָ֕ל אֲבִ֖י קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | These were the sons of Caleb the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath-Jearim, |
Ephrathah: see Ruth 4:11.
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| 1 Chr 2:51 | שַׂלְמָא֙ אֲבִ֣י בֵֽית־לָ֔חֶם חָרֵ֖ף אֲבִ֥י בֵית־גָּדֵֽר׃ | Salma the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph the father of Beth-Gader. | Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Chr 2:52 | וַיִּהְי֤וּ בָנִים֙ לְשׁוֹבָ֔ל אֲבִ֖י קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים הָרֹאֶ֖ה חֲצִ֥י הַמְּנֻחֽוֹת׃ | And Shobal the father of Kiriath-Jearim had sons: Haroeh and half of the Manahethites. |
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17.
Manahethites ← Menuhites, but, with AV, aligned to verse 54. |
| 1 Chr 2:53 | וּמִשְׁפְּחוֹת֙ קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים הַיִּתְרִי֙ וְהַפּוּתִ֔י וְהַשֻּׁמָתִ֖י וְהַמִּשְׁרָעִ֑י מֵאֵ֗לֶּה יָצְאוּ֙ הַצָּ֣רְעָתִ֔י וְהָאֶשְׁתָּ֖אֻֽלִֽי׃ ס | And the families of Kiriath-Jearim were the Ithrites and the Puthites and the Shumathites and the Mishraites. From these the Zorathites and the Eshtaulites descended. |
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17.
Puthites: AV differs (Puhites), dating from the 1611 edition. Zorathites: AV= Zareathites here, not recognizing the closed first syllable, under influence of the definite article. But AV= Zorathites in 1 Chr 4:2. See Gen 31:21. descended ← came out. |
| 1 Chr 2:54 | בְּנֵ֣י שַׂלְמָ֗א בֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ וּנְט֣וֹפָתִ֔י עַטְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית יוֹאָ֑ב וַחֲצִ֥י הַמָּנַחְתִּ֖י הַצָּרְעִֽי׃ | The sons of Salma were Bethlehem and the Netophathites, Ataroth the house of Joab, and half of the Manahethites, the Zorites. |
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19.
Ataroth ← Atroth here, but see Num 32:34. |
| 1 Chr 2:55 | וּמִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת סֹפְרִים֙ *ישבו **יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יַעְבֵּ֔ץ תִּרְעָתִ֥ים שִׁמְעָתִ֖ים שׂוּכָתִ֑ים הֵ֚מָּה הַקִּינִ֣ים הַבָּאִ֔ים מֵחַמַּ֖ת אֲבִ֥י בֵית־רֵכָֽב׃ ס | And the families of the scribes {Q: – the inhabitants of} [K: who inhabited] Jabez – were the Tirathites, the Shimathites and the Suchathites. These were the Kenites who came from Hamath, the father of the house of Rechab. |
Shimathites: see 2 Ki 12:22 (2 Ki 12:21AV).
Hamath: AV= Hemath. |
| 1 Chr 3:1 | וְאֵ֤לֶּה הָיוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י דָויִ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נֽוֹלַד־ל֖וֹ בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן הַבְּכ֣וֹר ׀ אַמְנֹ֗ן לַאֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔ית שֵׁנִי֙ דָּנִיֵּ֔אל לַאֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃ | And these were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron. The firstborn was Amnon by Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second was Daniel, by Abigail the Carmelitess; | || 2 Sam 3:2, 2 Sam 3:3. |
| 1 Chr 3:2 | הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ לְאַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָ֔ה בַּת־תַּלְמַ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּשׁ֑וּר הָרְבִיעִ֖י אֲדֹנִיָּ֥ה בֶן־חַגִּֽית׃ | the third was Absalom, the son of Maachah, the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; the fourth was Adonijah the son of Haggith; |
|| 2 Sam 3:3, 2 Sam 3:4.
Absalom ← to Absalom. Perhaps read as the third (position belonged) to Absalom. |
| 1 Chr 3:3 | הַחֲמִישִׁ֥י שְׁפַטְיָ֖ה לַאֲבִיטָ֑ל הַשִּׁשִּׁ֥י יִתְרְעָ֖ם לְעֶגְלָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ | the fifth was Shephatiah by Abital; the sixth was Ithream by Eglah his wife. | || 2 Sam 3:4, 2 Sam 3:5. |
| 1 Chr 3:4 | שִׁשָּׁה֙ נֽוֹלַד־ל֣וֹ בְחֶבְר֔וֹן וַיִּ֨מְלָךְ־שָׁ֔ם שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְשָׁלוֹשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | Six were born to him in Hebron, and he reigned there for seven years and six months, then he reigned in Jerusalem for thirty-three years. | |
| 1 Chr 3:5 | וְאֵ֥לֶּה נוּלְּדוּ־ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑יִם שִׁ֠מְעָא וְשׁוֹבָ֞ב וְנָתָ֤ן וּשְׁלֹמֹה֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה לְבַת־שׁ֖וּעַ בַּת־עַמִּיאֵֽל׃ | And these were born to him in Jerusalem: Shimah and Shobab and Nathan and Solomon – four by Bath-Shua the daughter of Ammiel – |
|| 2 Sam 5:14, 1 Chr 14:4 (2 Sam MT AV = Shammua, elsewhere Shimah, but see 2 Sam 13:3; 2 Sam MT AV = Bath-sheba).
Shimah: see 1 Chr 2:13. |
| 1 Chr 3:6 | וְיִבְחָ֥ר וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֖ע וֶאֱלִיפָֽלֶט׃ | and Ibhar and Elishama and Eliphelet, | || 2 Sam 5:15, 1 Chr 14:5 (2 Sam MT AV = Elishua). |
| 1 Chr 3:7 | וְנֹ֥גַהּ וְנֶ֖פֶג וְיָפִֽיעַ׃ | and Nogah and Nepheg and Japhia, | || 2 Sam 5:15, 1 Chr 14:6. |
| 1 Chr 3:8 | וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֧ע וְאֶלְיָדָ֛ע וֶאֱלִיפֶ֖לֶט תִּשְׁעָֽה׃ | and Elishama and Eliada and Eliphelet – nine of them. | || 2 Sam 5:16, 1 Chr 14:7. |
| 1 Chr 3:9 | כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י דָוִ֑יד מִלְּבַ֥ד בְּֽנֵי־פִֽילַגְשִׁ֖ים וְתָמָ֥ר אֲחוֹתָֽם׃ פ | These were all the sons of David, apart from the sons of his concubines, and Tamar was their sister. | || 2 Sam 13:1. |
| 1 Chr 3:10 | וּבֶן־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה רְחַבְעָ֑ם אֲבִיָּ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ אָסָ֥א בְנ֖וֹ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And Solomon's son was Rehoboam, whose son was Abijah, whose son was Asa, whose son was Jehoshaphat, |
|| 1 Ki 11:43, 1 Ki 14:31, 1 Ki 15:8, 1 Ki 15:24, 2 Chr 9:31, 2 Chr 12:16, 2 Chr 13:23 (2 Chr 14:1AV).
Rehoboam: see 1 Ki 11:43. Abijah: AV= Abia. See 1 Sam 8:2. |
| 1 Chr 3:11 | יוֹרָ֥ם בְּנ֛וֹ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ יוֹאָ֥שׁ בְּנֽוֹ׃ | whose son was Joram, whose son was Ahaziah, whose son was Joash, | || 1 Ki 22:51, 2 Ki 8:24, 2 Chr 22:1, 2 Chr 23:11 (1 Ki 22:51 = 1 Ki 22:50AV). |
| 1 Chr 3:12 | אֲמַצְיָ֧הוּ בְנ֛וֹ עֲזַרְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ יוֹתָ֥ם בְּנֽוֹ׃ | whose son was Amaziah, whose son was Azariah, whose son was Jotham, | || 2 Ki 12:22, 2 Ki 14:21, 2 Ki 15:7, 2 Chr 24:27, 2 Chr 26:1, 2 Chr 26:23 (2 Ki 12:22 = 2 Ki 12:21AV). |
| 1 Chr 3:13 | אָחָ֥ז בְּנ֛וֹ חִזְקִיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | whose son was Ahaz, whose son was Hezekiah, whose son was Manasseh, | || 2 Ki 15:38, 2 Ki 16:20, 2 Ki 20:21, 2 Chr 27:9, 2 Chr 28:27, 2 Chr 32:33. |
| 1 Chr 3:14 | אָמ֥וֹן בְּנ֖וֹ יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנֽוֹ׃ | whose son was Amon, whose son was Josiah. |
|| 2 Ki 21:18, 2 Ki 21:24, 2 Chr 33:20, 2 Chr 33:25.
Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 1 Chr 3:15 | וּבְנֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹחָנָ֔ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ הָרְבִיעִ֖י שַׁלּֽוּם׃ | And the sons of Josiah were Johanan the firstborn, Jehoiakim the second son, Zedekiah the third, Shallum the fourth. | || 2 Ki 23:34, 2 Chr 36:4. |
| 1 Chr 3:16 | וּבְנֵ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים יְכָנְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Jehoiakim were Jeconiah his son, and Zedekiah his son. | || 2 Ki 24:6, 2 Ki 24:17, 2 Chr 36:8, 2 Chr 36:10. |
| 1 Chr 3:17 | וּבְנֵי֙ יְכָנְיָ֣ה אַסִּ֔ר שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵ֖ל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Jeconiah were Assir, Shealtiel his son, | Shealtiel: AV= Salathiel. He is in the line to Christ (Matt 1:12). |
| 1 Chr 3:18 | וּמַלְכִּירָ֥ם וּפְדָיָ֖ה וְשֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר יְקַמְיָ֥ה הוֹשָׁמָ֖ע וּנְדַבְיָֽה׃ | and Malchiram and Pedaiah and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama and Nedabiah. | |
| 1 Chr 3:19 | וּבְנֵ֣י פְדָיָ֔ה זְרֻבָּבֶ֖ל וְשִׁמְעִ֑י וּבֶן־זְרֻבָּבֶל֙ מְשֻׁלָּ֣ם וַחֲנַנְיָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹמִ֖ית אֲחוֹתָֽם׃ | And the sons of Pedaiah were Zerubbabel and Shimei. And the sons of Zerubbabel were Meshullam and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister, | sons ← son. Even [YLT] has sons. |
| 1 Chr 3:20 | וַחֲשֻׁבָ֡ה וָ֠אֹהֶל וּבֶרֶכְיָ֧ה וַֽחֲסַדְיָ֛ה י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד חָמֵֽשׁ׃ | and Hashubah and Ohel and Berechiah and Hasadiah and Jushab-Hesed – five of them. | |
| 1 Chr 3:21 | וּבֶן־חֲנַנְיָ֖ה פְּלַטְיָ֣ה וִישַֽׁעְיָ֑ה בְּנֵ֤י רְפָיָה֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַרְנָ֔ן בְּנֵ֥י עֹבַדְיָ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י שְׁכַנְיָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Hananiah were Pelatiah and Isaiah, the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah. |
sons ← son. Even [YLT] has sons, as in 1 Chr 3:19.
Isaiah: AV= Jesaiah here. |
| 1 Chr 3:22 | וּבְנֵ֥י שְׁכַנְיָ֖ה שְׁמַעְיָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֣י שְׁמַעְיָ֗ה חַטּ֡וּשׁ וְ֠יִגְאָל וּבָרִ֧יחַ וּנְעַרְיָ֛ה וְשָׁפָ֖ט שִׁשָּֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Shechaniah were Shemaiah and his line. And the sons of Shemaiah were Hattush and Igeal and Bariah and Neariah and Shaphat – six of them. | and his line: this verse, with its count of six, shows that the expression sons of can include the next generation as well. See also 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 3:23 | וּבֶן־נְעַרְיָ֗ה אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֧י וְחִזְקִיָּ֛ה וְעַזְרִיקָ֖ם שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Neariah were Elioenai and Hezekiah and Azrikam – three of them. |
sons ← son. Even [YLT] has sons, as in 1 Chr 3:19.
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4. |
| 1 Chr 3:24 | וּבְנֵ֣י אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֗י *הדיוהו **הוֹדַוְיָ֡הוּ וְאֶלְיָשִׁ֡יב וּפְלָיָ֡ה וְ֠עַקּוּב וְיוֹחָנָ֧ן וּדְלָיָ֛ה וַעֲנָ֖נִי שִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Elioenai were Hodaviah and Eliashib and Pelaiah and Akkub and Johanan and Delaiah and Anani – seven of them. |
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4.
Hodaviah ← {K: Hodivah} [Q: Hodaviah]; AV= Hodaiah here. Delaiah: AV= Dalaiah here, but not in 1 Chr 24:18. |
| 1 Chr 4:1 | בְּנֵ֖י יְהוּדָ֑ה פֶּ֧רֶץ חֶצְר֛וֹן וְכַרְמִ֖י וְח֥וּר וְשׁוֹבָֽל׃ | The sons of Judah were Perez and Hezron and Carmi and Hur and Shobal. | Perez: see Gen 38:29. |
| 1 Chr 4:2 | וּרְאָיָ֤ה בֶן־שׁוֹבָל֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יַ֔חַת וְיַ֣חַת הֹלִ֔יד אֶת־אֲחוּמַ֖י וְאֶת־לָ֑הַד אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַצָּֽרְעָתִֽי׃ ס | And Reaiah the son of Shobal bore Jahath, and Jahath begot Ahumai and Lahad. These were the families of the Zorathites. | |
| 1 Chr 4:3 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲבִ֣י עֵיטָ֔ם יִזְרְעֶ֥אל וְיִשְׁמָ֖א וְיִדְבָּ֑שׁ וְשֵׁ֥ם אֲחוֹתָ֖ם הַצְלֶלְפּֽוֹנִי׃ | And these were the fathers of Etam: Jezreel and Ishma and Idbash. And the name of their sister was Hazlelponi. |
the fathers ← the father. An ascending line?
Jezreel: see Josh 15:56. sister: perhaps including (grand)daughter in an ascending line. Hazlelponi: AV= Hazelelponi, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. |
| 1 Chr 4:4 | וּפְנוּאֵל֙ אֲבִ֣י גְדֹ֔ר וְעֵ֖זֶר אֲבִ֣י חוּשָׁ֑ה אֵ֤לֶּה בְנֵי־חוּר֙ בְּכ֣וֹר אֶפְרָ֔תָה אֲבִ֖י בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. |
Ephrathah: see Ruth 4:11.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Chr 4:5 | וּלְאַשְׁחוּר֙ אֲבִ֣י תְק֔וֹעַ הָי֖וּ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים חֶלְאָ֖ה וְנַעֲרָֽה׃ | And Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. | Ashhur: see 1 Chr 2:24. |
| 1 Chr 4:6 | וַתֵּ֨לֶד ל֤וֹ נַעֲרָה֙ אֶת־אֲחֻזָּ֣ם וְאֶת־חֵ֔פֶר וְאֶת־תֵּימְנִ֖י וְאֶת־הָאֲחַשְׁתָּרִ֑י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י נַעֲרָֽה׃ | And Naarah bore him Ahuzam and Hepher and Temeni and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. | |
| 1 Chr 4:7 | וּבְנֵ֖י חֶלְאָ֑ה צֶ֥רֶת *יצחר **וְצֹ֖חַר וְאֶתְנָֽן׃ | And the sons of Helah were Zereth, {K: Izhar} [Q: and Zohar], and Ethnan. | Izhar (ketiv) ... and Zohar (qeré): AV= Jezoar, a mixture of the ketiv and qeré. Compare 1 Chr 7:31, 1 Chr 7:34. |
| 1 Chr 4:8 | וְק֣וֹץ הוֹלִ֔יד אֶת־עָנ֖וּב וְאֶת־הַצֹּבֵבָ֑ה וּמִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת אֲחַרְחֵ֖ל בֶּן־הָרֽוּם׃ | And Coz begot Anub and Hazzobebah and the families of Aharhel the son of Harum. | Hazzobebah: AV= Zobebah, as if the first syllable is the definite article, which is then omitted. |
| 1 Chr 4:9 | וַיְהִ֣י יַעְבֵּ֔ץ נִכְבָּ֖ד מֵאֶחָ֑יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ קָרְאָ֨ה שְׁמ֤וֹ יַעְבֵּץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כִּ֥י יָלַ֖דְתִּי בְּעֹֽצֶב׃ | Now Jabez was more honoured than his brothers, and his mother called him Jabez and said, “It is because I bore him in sorrow.” | |
| 1 Chr 4:10 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א יַ֠עְבֵּץ לֵאלֹהֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר אִם־בָּרֵ֨ךְ תְּבָרֲכֵ֜נִי וְהִרְבִּ֤יתָ אֶת־גְּבוּלִי֙ וְהָיְתָ֤ה יָדְךָ֙ עִמִּ֔י וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מֵּרָעָ֖ה לְבִלְתִּ֣י עָצְבִּ֑י וַיָּבֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁאָֽל׃ | And Jabez called on the God of Israel and said, “If only you would make a point of blessing me, and increase my territory, and your hand would be with me, and you would act keeping me from harm so that I may not have sorrow!” And God brought about what he had asked. |
called on ← called to.
make a point of blessing me: infinitive absolute. territory ← border. |
| 1 Chr 4:11 | וּכְל֥וּב אֲחִֽי־שׁוּחָ֖ה הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־מְחִ֑יר ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י אֶשְׁתּֽוֹן׃ | And Chelub the brother of Shuhah begot Mehir – he was the father of Eshton. | Shuhah: AV= Shuah. |
| 1 Chr 4:12 | וְאֶשְׁתּ֗וֹן הוֹלִ֞יד אֶת־בֵּ֤ית רָפָא֙ וְאֶת־פָּסֵ֔חַ וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּ֖ה אֲבִ֣י עִ֣יר נָחָ֑שׁ אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁ֥י רֵכָֽה׃ ס | And Eshton begot Beth-Rapha and Paseah and Tehinnah the father of Ir-Nahash. These were the men of Rechah. | |
| 1 Chr 4:13 | וּבְנֵ֣י קְנַ֔ז עָתְנִיאֵ֖ל וּשְׂרָיָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֥י עָתְנִיאֵ֖ל חֲתַֽת׃ | And the sons of Kenaz were Othniel and Seraiah. And the sons of Othniel were Hathath and his line. |
|| Josh 15:17, Judg 1:13.
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 4:14 | וּמְעוֹנֹתַ֖י הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־עָפְרָ֑ה וּשְׂרָיָ֗ה הוֹלִ֤יד אֶת־יוֹאָב֙ אֲבִי֙ גֵּ֣יא חֲרָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י חֲרָשִׁ֖ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ | And Meonothai begot Ophrah. And Seraiah begot Joab the father of the Valley of Harashim, for they were craftsmen. | Harashim: AV= Charashim, as if spelled with a kaph, but it is a heth. |
| 1 Chr 4:15 | וּבְנֵי֙ כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה עִ֥ירוּ אֵלָ֖ה וָנָ֑עַם וּבְנֵ֥י אֵלָ֖ה וּקְנַֽז׃ | And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh were Iru, Elah and Naam. And the sons of Elah were Kenaz and his line. |
Kenaz ← and Kenaz, perhaps meaning including Kenaz.
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 4:16 | וּבְנֵ֖י יְהַלֶּלְאֵ֑ל זִ֣יף וְזִיפָ֔ה תִּירְיָ֖א וַאֲשַׂרְאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Jehalelel were Ziph and Ziphah, Tiria and Asarel. |
Jehalelel ← Jehalel'el. AV= Jehaleleel, not recognizing that the -lel- syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21.
Asarel ← Asar'el. AV= Asareel, not recognizing that the -sar- syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 4:17 | וּבֶן־עֶזְרָ֔ה יֶ֥תֶר וּמֶ֖רֶד וְעֵ֣פֶר וְיָל֑וֹן וַתַּ֙הַר֙ אֶת־מִרְיָ֣ם וְאֶת־שַׁמַּ֔י וְאֶת־יִשְׁבָּ֖ח אֲבִ֥י אֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ | And the sons of Ezrah were Jether and Mered and Epher and Jalon. And she bore Miriam and Shammai and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. |
sons ← son.
Ezrah: AV= Ezra. Distinct from Ezra elsewhere. bore ← conceived. |
| 1 Chr 4:18 | וְאִשְׁתּ֣וֹ הַיְהֻדִיָּ֗ה יָלְדָ֞ה אֶת־יֶ֨רֶד אֲבִ֤י גְדוֹר֙ וְאֶת־חֶ֙בֶר֙ אֲבִ֣י שׂוֹכ֔וֹ וְאֶת־יְקֽוּתִיאֵ֖ל אֲבִ֣י זָנ֑וֹחַ וְאֵ֗לֶּה בְּנֵי֙ בִּתְיָ֣ה בַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקַ֖ח מָֽרֶד׃ ס | And his wife Jehudijah bore Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Sochoh, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these were the sons of Bithiah, Pharaoh's daughter, whom Mered took. |
Jehudijah ← the Jehudijah, = the Jewess. [CB] proposes that Jehudijah is Bithiah, who became a Jewess.
Jered: in Gen 5:15 etc. the AV uses Jared, which we keep to in 1 Chr 1:2, but we adopt AV's Jered here. Sochoh: AV= Socho here, ↴ |
| 1 Chr 4:19 | וּבְנֵי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה אֲח֣וֹת נַ֔חַם אֲבִ֥י קְעִילָ֖ה הַגַּרְמִ֑י וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ הַמַּעֲכָתִֽי׃ | And the sons of the wife of Hodijah, the sister of Naham, were the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. |
↳ but for essentially the same name, Sochoh in 1 Sam 17:1, 1 Ki 4:10.
Hodijah: AV= Hodiah here; Hodijah elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 4:20 | וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁימ֔וֹן אַמְנ֣וֹן וְרִנָּ֔ה בֶּן־חָנָ֖ן *ותולון **וְתִיל֑וֹן וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׁעִ֔י זוֹחֵ֖ת וּבֶן־זוֹחֵֽת׃ | And the sons of Shimon were Amnon and Rinnah, Ben-Hanan and {Q: Tilon} [K: Tolon]. And the sons of Ishi were Zoheth and Ben-Zoheth. | |
| 1 Chr 4:21 | בְּנֵי֙ שֵׁלָ֣ה בֶן־יְהוּדָ֔ה עֵ֚ר אֲבִ֣י לֵכָ֔ה וְלַעְדָּ֖ה אֲבִ֣י מָרֵשָׁ֑ה וּמִשְׁפְּח֛וֹת בֵּית־עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַבֻּ֖ץ לְבֵ֥ית אַשְׁבֵּֽעַ׃ | The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of fine linen work, of the house of Ashbea, | |
| 1 Chr 4:22 | וְיוֹקִ֞ים וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י כֹזֵבָ֗א וְיוֹאָ֧שׁ וְשָׂרָ֛ף אֲשֶׁר־בָּעֲל֥וּ לְמוֹאָ֖ב וְיָשֻׁ֣בִי לָ֑חֶם וְהַדְּבָרִ֖ים עַתִּיקִֽים׃ | and Jokim and the men of Chozeba, and Joash and Saraph who ruled over Moab and Jashubi-Lehem. And the records are ancient. |
who ruled: plural.
records ← words, things, matters. |
| 1 Chr 4:23 | הֵ֚מָּה הַיּ֣וֹצְרִ֔ים וְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י נְטָעִ֖ים וּגְדֵרָ֑ה עִם־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ בִּמְלַאכְתּ֖וֹ יָ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃ ס | These were the potters and the inhabitants of Netaim and Gederah. They accompanied the king in his work, and they lived there. |
Netaim and Gederah: AV differs, translating (plants and hedges), but not in Josh 15:36; [CB] regards as place names. The meaning is plantings and hedging.
accompanied ← (were) with. |
| 1 Chr 4:24 | בְּנֵ֖י שִׁמְע֑וֹן נְמוּאֵ֣ל וְיָמִ֔ין יָרִ֖יב זֶ֥רַח שָׁאֽוּל׃ | The sons of Simeon were Nemuel and Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, Saul, | Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, as for the first king of the united kingdom of Israel (1 Sam 9:2), but we ↴ |
| 1 Chr 4:25 | שַׁלֻּ֥ם בְּנ֛וֹ מִבְשָׂ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ מִשְׁמָ֥ע בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, Mishma his son. | ↳ regularize this name for other personages. AV= Saul here, but Shaul in Gen 46:10. |
| 1 Chr 4:26 | וּבְנֵ֖י מִשְׁמָ֑ע חַמּוּאֵ֥ל בְּנ֛וֹ זַכּ֥וּר בְּנ֖וֹ שִׁמְעִ֥י בְנֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Mishma were Hamuel his son, Zaccur his son, Shimei his son. |
Zaccur: AV= Zacchur, but we show the hard kaph (closed syllable) as AV sometimes does elsewhere.
Shimei: see Ex 6:17. |
| 1 Chr 4:27 | וּלְשִׁמְעִ֞י בָּנִ֨ים שִׁשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ וּבָנ֣וֹת שֵׁ֔שׁ וּלְאֶחָ֕יו אֵ֖ין בָּנִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכֹל֙ מִשְׁפַּחְתָּ֔ם לֹ֥א הִרְבּ֖וּ עַד־בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ ס | And Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters, but his brothers did not have many sons, and their family as a whole did not multiply to the extent the sons of Judah did. | |
| 1 Chr 4:28 | וַיֵּֽשְׁב֛וּ בִּבְאֵֽר־שֶׁ֥בַע וּמוֹלָדָ֖ה וַחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָֽל׃ | And they lived in Beersheba and Moladah and Hazar-Shual, | |
| 1 Chr 4:29 | וּבְבִלְהָ֥ה וּבְעֶ֖צֶם וּבְתוֹלָֽד׃ | and in Bilhah and in Ezem and in Tolad, | |
| 1 Chr 4:30 | וּבִבְתוּאֵ֥ל וּבְחָרְמָ֖ה וּבְצִֽיקְלָֽג׃ | and in Bethuel and in Hormah and in Ziklag, | Ziklag ← Zikelag, in scriptio plena spelling, only here and in 1 Chr 12:1, 1 Chr 12:21 (1 Chr 12:20AV). Elsewhere scriptio defectiva, the MT reading varying between an open and closed first syllable. |
| 1 Chr 4:31 | וּבְבֵ֤ית מַרְכָּבוֹת֙ וּבַחֲצַ֣ר סוּסִ֔ים וּבְבֵ֥ית בִּרְאִ֖י וּֽבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם אֵ֥לֶּה עָרֵיהֶ֖ם עַד־מְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִֽיד׃ | and in Beth-Marcaboth and in Hazar-Susim and in Beth-Birei and in Shaaraim. These were their cities until David reigned. | Birei ← Bir'i, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 4:32 | וְחַצְרֵיהֶם֙ עֵיטָ֣ם וָעַ֔יִן רִמּ֥וֹן וְתֹ֖כֶן וְעָשָׁ֑ן עָרִ֖ים חָמֵֽשׁ׃ | And their villages were Etam and Ain, Rimmon and Tochen and Ashan – five cities. | villages ← courtyards, but also villages and even called cities in this verse. |
| 1 Chr 4:33 | וְכָל־חַצְרֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר סְבִיב֛וֹת הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עַד־בָּ֑עַל זֹ֚את מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃ | And all their villages in the areas surrounding these cities extended as far as Baal. This was their homeland and their place of genealogical registration which they had. | homeland ← domiciles. |
| 1 Chr 4:34 | וּמְשׁוֹבָ֣ב וְיַמְלֵ֔ךְ וְיוֹשָׁ֖ה בֶּן־אֲמַצְיָֽה׃ | And as for Meshobab and Jamlech and Joshah the son of Amaziah, | |
| 1 Chr 4:35 | וְיוֹאֵ֑ל וְיֵהוּא֙ בֶּן־י֣וֹשִׁבְיָ֔ה בֶּן־שְׂרָיָ֖ה בֶּן־עֲשִׂיאֵֽל׃ | and Joel and Jehu the son of Joshibiah, the son of Seraiah, the son of Asiel, | Joshibiah: AV= Josibiah. |
| 1 Chr 4:36 | וְאֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֡י וְֽיַעֲקֹ֡בָה וִ֠ישׁוֹחָיָה וַעֲשָׂיָ֧ה וַעֲדִיאֵ֛ל וִישִׂימִאֵ֖ל וּבְנָיָֽה׃ | and Elioenai and Jaakobah and Jeshohaiah and Asaiah and Adiel and Jesimiel and Benaiah, | Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4. |
| 1 Chr 4:37 | וְזִיזָ֨א בֶן־שִׁפְעִ֧י בֶן־אַלּ֛וֹן בֶּן־יְדָיָ֥ה בֶן־שִׁמְרִ֖י בֶּן־שְׁמַֽעְיָֽה׃ | and Ziza the son of Shiphi, the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of Shemaiah, | Shiphi: an example where AV does not transliterate the ayin by an “e”. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 4:38 | אֵ֚לֶּה הַבָּאִ֣ים בְּשֵׁמ֔וֹת נְשִׂיאִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם וּבֵית֙ אֲב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם פָּרְצ֖וּ לָרֽוֹב׃ | these are those who came in high standing – leaders among their families – and the house of their fathers expanded profusely. |
standing ← names, renown.
profusely ← for abundance. |
| 1 Chr 4:39 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ לִמְב֣וֹא גְדֹ֔ר עַ֖ד לְמִזְרַ֣ח הַגָּ֑יְא לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ מִרְעֶ֖ה לְצֹאנָֽם׃ | And they went to the approach of Gedor, as far as the east of the valley, to look for pasture for their sheep. | |
| 1 Chr 4:40 | וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ מִרְעֶה֙ שָׁמֵ֣ן וָט֔וֹב וְהָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רַחֲבַ֣ת יָדַ֔יִם וְשֹׁקֶ֖טֶת וּשְׁלֵוָ֑ה כִּ֣י מִן־חָ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם לְפָנִֽים׃ | And they found rich and good quality pasture, and the land was wide on both sides, and quiet and calm, for the inhabitants there had for a long time been those descended from Ham. |
rich ← fat.
wide on both sides ← wide of hands. |
| 1 Chr 4:41 | וַיָּבֹ֡אוּ אֵלֶּה֩ הַכְּתוּבִ֨ים בְּשֵׁמ֜וֹת בִּימֵ֣י ׀ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּכּ֨וּ אֶת־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֜ם וְאֶת־*המעינים **הַמְּעוּנִ֨ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִמְצְאוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ וַיַּחֲרִימֻם֙ עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ תַּחְתֵּיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־מִרְעֶ֥ה לְצֹאנָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃ | And those who were registered by their names in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah came and attacked their tents and the dwelling places which were found there, and they obliterated them, as they are up to this day. And they lived there in place of them, for there was pasture for their sheep there. |
dwelling places: the ketiv has to be regarded as a variant form of the qeré. [CB] regards this as a proper name (Meunim), as in 2 Chr 26:7, but the combination with tents militates against this.
registered ← written. |
| 1 Chr 4:42 | וּמֵהֶ֣ם ׀ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֗וֹן הָלְכוּ֙ לְהַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר אֲנָשִׁ֖ים חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וּפְלַטְיָ֡ה וּ֠נְעַרְיָה וּרְפָיָ֧ה וְעֻזִּיאֵ֛ל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׁעִ֖י בְּרֹאשָֽׁם׃ | And some of them from the sons of Simeon went to Mount Seir – five hundred men – and Pelatiah and Neariah and Rephaiah and Uzziel the sons of Ishi were at their head. | |
| 1 Chr 4:43 | וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַפְּלֵטָ֖ה לַעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֣שְׁבוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they struck down the escaped remnant of the Amalekites, and they have been living there up to this day. | |
| 1 Chr 5:1 | וּבְנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֥ן בְּכֽוֹר־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ כִּ֣י ה֣וּא הַבְּכוֹר֒ וּֽבְחַלְּלוֹ֙ יְצוּעֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו נִתְּנָה֙ בְּכֹ֣רָת֔וֹ לִבְנֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֥א לְהִתְיַחֵ֖שׂ לַבְּכֹרָֽה׃ | And concerning the sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn, although he was the firstborn, by his violation of his father's bed, his firstborn status was given to the sons of Joseph the son of Israel, and he was not registered as having firstborn status. | |
| 1 Chr 5:2 | כִּ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ גָּבַ֣ר בְּאֶחָ֔יו וּלְנָגִ֖יד מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהַבְּכֹרָ֖ה לְיוֹסֵֽף׃ ס | For Judah became strong among his brothers, and he was destined for a leader to stem from him, but the firstborn status was Joseph's. | a leader: this turns out to be the Messiah, via David's line. |
| 1 Chr 5:3 | בְּנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן בְּכ֣וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲנ֥וֹךְ וּפַלּ֖וּא חֶצְר֥וֹן וְכַרְמִֽי׃ | The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn, were Hanoch and Pallu and Hezron and Carmi. | || Gen 46:9. |
| 1 Chr 5:4 | בְּנֵ֖י יוֹאֵ֑ל שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ גּ֥וֹג בְּנ֖וֹ שִׁמְעִ֥י בְנֽוֹ׃ | The sons of Joel were Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, | |
| 1 Chr 5:5 | מִיכָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ רְאָיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ בַּ֥עַל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son, | Reaiah: AV= Reaia here, but not in 1 Chr 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 5:6 | בְּאֵרָ֣ה בְנ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה תִּלְּגַ֥ת פִּלְנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשֻּׁ֑ר ה֥וּא נָשִׂ֖יא לָרֽאוּבֵנִֽי׃ | Beerah his son whom Tilgath-Pilneser king of Assyria deported. He was a leader of the Reubenites. | Tilgath-Pilneser: in 2 Kings, Tiglath-Pileser. |
| 1 Chr 5:7 | וְאֶחָיו֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יו בְּהִתְיַחֵ֖שׂ לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֑ם הָרֹ֥אשׁ יְעִיאֵ֖ל וּזְכַרְיָֽהוּ׃ | And his brothers according to their families, according to the registration of their genealogy were Jeiel the head and Zechariah, | their ← his. |
| 1 Chr 5:8 | וּבֶ֙לַע֙ בֶּן־עָזָ֔ז בֶּן־שֶׁ֖מַע בֶּן־יוֹאֵ֑ל ה֚וּא יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּעֲרֹעֵ֔ר וְעַד־נְב֖וֹ וּבַ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן׃ | and Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. He dwelt in Aroer, and as far as Nebo and Baal-Meon. | |
| 1 Chr 5:9 | וְלַמִּזְרָ֗ח יָשַׁב֙ עַד־לְב֣וֹא מִדְבָּ֔רָה לְמִן־הַנָּהָ֖ר פְּרָ֑ת כִּ֧י מִקְנֵיהֶ֛ם רָב֖וּ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גִּלְעָֽד׃ | And in the east he dwelt as far as the way into the desert, up to the River Euphrates, because their cattle had increased in the land of Gilead. | up to ← to from. |
| 1 Chr 5:10 | וּבִימֵ֣י שָׁא֗וּל עָשׂ֤וּ מִלְחָמָה֙ עִם־הַֽהַגְרִאִ֔ים וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאָ֣הֳלֵיהֶ֔ם עַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י מִזְרָ֥ח לַגִּלְעָֽד׃ פ | And in the days of Saul they waged war against the Hagarites, who fell into their hand. And they lived in their tents, over the whole landscape of the east of Gilead. | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Chr 5:11 | וּבְנֵי־גָ֣ד לְנֶגְדָּ֗ם יָֽשְׁב֛וּ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד־סַלְכָֽה׃ | And the sons of Gad lived opposite them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salcah. | Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 5:12 | יוֹאֵ֣ל הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְשָׁפָ֖ם הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְיַעְנַ֥י וְשָׁפָ֖ט בַּבָּשָֽׁן׃ | And Joel was the head, and Shapham was second, then there were Jaanai and Shaphat in Bashan. | |
| 1 Chr 5:13 | וַאֲחֵיהֶ֞ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם מִֽיכָאֵ֡ל וּמְשֻׁלָּ֡ם וְ֠שֶׁבַע וְיוֹרַ֧י וְיַעְכָּ֛ן וְזִ֥יעַ וָעֵ֖בֶר שִׁבְעָֽה׃ ס | And their brothers according to their paternal house were Michael and Meshullam and Sheba and Jorai and Jacan and Zia and Eber – seven of them. |
Jacan: AV= Jachan, but we show the hard kaph (and closed syllable), as AV sometimes does with names elsewhere.
Eber: AV= Heber, but we distinguish the name with a heth as in 1 Chr 4:18, from the name with an ayin as here. |
| 1 Chr 5:14 | אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ בְּנֵ֣י אֲבִיחַ֗יִל בֶּן־חוּרִ֡י בֶּן־יָ֠רוֹחַ בֶּן־גִּלְעָ֧ד בֶּן־מִיכָאֵ֛ל בֶּן־יְשִׁישַׁ֥י בֶּן־יַחְדּ֖וֹ בֶּן־בּֽוּז׃ | These were the sons of Abihail, the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz. | |
| 1 Chr 5:15 | אֲחִי֙ בֶּן־עַבְדִּיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־גּוּנִ֔י רֹ֖אשׁ לְבֵ֥ית אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ | Ahi, the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, was the head of their paternal house. | |
| 1 Chr 5:16 | וַיֵּֽשְׁב֛וּ בַּגִּלְעָ֥ד בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן וּבִבְנֹתֶ֑יהָ וּבְכָֽל־מִגְרְשֵׁ֥י שָׁר֖וֹן עַל־תּוֹצְאוֹתָֽם׃ | And they lived in Gilead in Bashan and its satellite towns and in all the pasture lands of Sharon in their most distant parts. | |
| 1 Chr 5:17 | כֻּלָּם֙ הִתְיַחְשׂ֔וּ בִּימֵ֖י יוֹתָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבִימֵ֖י יָרָבְעָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | They were all registered genealogically in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. | |
| 1 Chr 5:18 | בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וְגָדִ֜י וַחֲצִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁה֮ מִן־בְּנֵי־חַיִל֒ אֲ֠נָשִׁים נֹשְׂאֵ֨י מָגֵ֤ן וְחֶ֙רֶב֙ וְדֹ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת וּלְמוּדֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה אַרְבָּעִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֥וֹת וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים יֹצְאֵ֥י צָבָֽא׃ | The sons of Reuben and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, with some of the soldiers – men who bore a shield and sword and drew a bow and who were skilled in war – were forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty in number who went out to war. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended.
soldiers ← sons of valour. skilled in ← learned of. |
| 1 Chr 5:19 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־הַֽהַגְרִיאִ֑ים וִיט֥וּר וְנָפִ֖ישׁ וְנוֹדָֽב׃ | And they waged war against the Hagarites and Jetur and Naphish and Nodab. |
against ← with. See Gen 14:8.
Naphish: AV differs (Nephish), dating from the 1611 edition. |
| 1 Chr 5:20 | וַיֵּעָזְר֣וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּנָּתְנ֤וּ בְיָדָם֙ הַֽהַגְרִיאִ֔ים וְכֹ֖ל שֶׁ֣עִמָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֠י לֵאלֹהִ֤ים זָעֲקוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנַעְתּ֥וֹר לָהֶ֖ם כִּי־בָ֥טְחוּ בֽוֹ׃ | And they were helped in fighting against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, as were all who were with them, for they cried out to God in the war, and he acceded to them, because they had put their trust in him. | he acceded: niphal infinitive absolute taking the role of a past tense. |
| 1 Chr 5:21 | וַיִּשְׁבּ֣וּ מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם גְּֽמַלֵּיהֶ֞ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ וְצֹ֗אן מָאתַ֤יִם וַחֲמִשִּׁים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַחֲמוֹרִ֖ים אַלְפָּ֑יִם וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ אָדָ֖ם מֵ֥אָה אָֽלֶף׃ | And they captured their cattle – fifty thousand of their camels and two hundred and fifty thousand of their sheep and two thousand donkeys – and one hundred thousand men, alive. | men, alive ← soul / life of man. |
| 1 Chr 5:22 | כִּֽי־חֲלָלִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ נָפָ֔לוּ כִּ֥י מֵהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתֵּיהֶ֖ם עַד־הַגֹּלָֽה׃ פ | For many fell defeated, for the war was from God, and they lived there instead of them until the deportation. | defeated ← pierced, but with wider scope (wounded, killed, profaned etc.). |
| 1 Chr 5:23 | וּבְנֵ֗י חֲצִי֙ שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יָשְׁב֖וּ בָּאָ֑רֶץ מִבָּשָׁ֞ן עַד־בַּ֧עַל חֶרְמ֛וֹן וּשְׂנִ֥יר וְהַר־חֶרְמ֖וֹן הֵ֥מָּה רָבֽוּ׃ | And the sons of the half-tribe of Manasseh lived in the land. They increased from Bashan to Baal-Hermon and Senir and Mount Hermon. | |
| 1 Chr 5:24 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֣י בֵית־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְעֵ֡פֶר וְיִשְׁעִ֡י וֶאֱלִיאֵ֡ל וְ֠עַזְרִיאֵל וְיִרְמְיָ֨ה וְהוֹדַוְיָ֜ה וְיַחְדִּיאֵ֗ל אֲנָשִׁים֙ גִּבּ֣וֹרֵי חַ֔יִל אַנְשֵׁ֣י שֵׁמ֔וֹת רָאשִׁ֖ים לְבֵ֥ית אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ | And these are the heads of their paternal house: both Epher and Ishi, and Eliel and Azriel and Jeremiah and Hodaviah and Jahdiel – men who were valiant warriors, men of renown, heads of their paternal house. | renown ← names. |
| 1 Chr 5:25 | וַיִּֽמְעֲל֔וּ בֵּאלֹהֵ֖י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּזְנ֗וּ אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עַמֵּי־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁמִ֥יד אֱלֹהִ֖ים מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | But they acted perversely with the God of their fathers, and they acted promiscuously in going after the gods of the various peoples of the land whom God had destroyed before them. | |
| 1 Chr 5:26 | וַיָּעַר֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־ר֣וּחַ ׀ פּ֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֗וּר וְאֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ תִּלְּגַ֤ת פִּלְנֶ֙סֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּגְלֵם֙ לָראוּבֵנִ֣י וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַ֠יְבִיאֵם לַחְלַ֨ח וְחָב֤וֹר וְהָרָא֙ וּנְהַ֣ר גּוֹזָ֔ן עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | And the God of Israel aroused the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-Pilneser king of Assyria, and he deported them – that is the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh – and he brought them to Halah, and Habor, and Hara and the River Gozan, as it is up to this day. |
Tilgath-Pilneser: in 2 Kings, Tiglath-Pileser.
that is: לְ acting as a relative; compare Lam 1:15. half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. Halah: or Helah. |
| 1 Chr 5:27 1 Chr 6:1AV |
בְּנֵ֖י לֵוִ֑י גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן קְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִֽי׃ | The sons of Levi were Gershon, Kohath and Merari. | || Gen 46:11. |
| 1 Chr 5:28 1 Chr 6:2AV |
וּבְנֵ֖י קְהָ֑ת עַמְרָ֣ם יִצְהָ֔ר וְחֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵֽל׃ ס | And the sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar and Hebron and Uzziel. | || Ex 6:18, 1 Chr 6:3 (1 Chr 6:18AV). |
| 1 Chr 5:29 1 Chr 6:3AV |
וּבְנֵ֣י עַמְרָ֔ם אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּמֹשֶׁ֖ה וּמִרְיָ֑ם ס וּבְנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן נָדָב֙ וַאֲבִיה֔וּא אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃ ס | And the sons of Amram were Aaron and Moses, and Miriam. And the sons of Aaron were Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. |
|| Num 26:59, Ex 6:23.
sons of Amram: the expression includes daughters. Eleazar: see Ex 6:23. |
| 1 Chr 5:30 1 Chr 6:4AV |
אֶלְעָזָר֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־פִּֽינְחָ֔ס פִּֽינְחָ֖ס הֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֲבִישֽׁוּעַ׃ | Eleazar begot Phinehas, Phinehas begot Abishua, | Phinehas (2x): see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Chr 5:31 1 Chr 6:5AV |
וַאֲבִישׁ֙וּעַ֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בֻּקִּ֔י וּבֻקִּ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עֻזִּֽי׃ | and Abishua begot Bukki, and Bukki begot Uzzi, | |
| 1 Chr 5:32 1 Chr 6:6AV |
וְעֻזִּי֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־זְרַֽחְיָ֔ה וּֽזְרַֽחְיָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מְרָיֽוֹת׃ | and Uzzi begot Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begot Meraioth. | |
| 1 Chr 5:33 1 Chr 6:7AV |
מְרָיוֹת֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־אֲמַרְיָ֔ה וַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֲחִיטֽוּב׃ | Meraioth begot Amariah, and Amariah begot Ahitub, | |
| 1 Chr 5:34 1 Chr 6:8AV |
וַאֲחִיטוּב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־צָד֔וֹק וְצָד֖וֹק הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֲחִימָֽעַץ׃ | and Ahitub begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Ahimaaz, | |
| 1 Chr 5:35 1 Chr 6:9AV |
וַאֲחִימַ֙עַץ֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־עֲזַרְיָ֔ה וַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יוֹחָנָֽן׃ | and Ahimaaz begot Azariah, and Azariah begot Johanan, | |
| 1 Chr 5:36 1 Chr 6:10AV |
וְיוֹחָנָ֖ן הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־עֲזַרְיָ֑ה ה֚וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּהֵ֔ן בַּבַּ֕יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּנָ֥ה שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | and Johanan begot Azariah – it is he who officiated as priest in the house which Solomon built in Jerusalem – | |
| 1 Chr 5:37 1 Chr 6:11AV |
וַיּ֥וֹלֶד עֲזַרְיָ֖ה אֶת־אֲמַרְיָ֑ה וַאֲמַרְיָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֲחִיטֽוּב׃ | and Azariah begot Amariah, and Amariah begot Ahitub, | |
| 1 Chr 5:38 1 Chr 6:12AV |
וַאֲחִיטוּב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־צָד֔וֹק וְצָד֖וֹק הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׁלּֽוּם׃ | and Ahitub begot Zadok, and Zadok begot Shallum, | |
| 1 Chr 5:39 1 Chr 6:13AV |
וְשַׁלּוּם֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־חִלְקִיָּ֔ה וְחִלְקִיָּ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עֲזַרְיָֽה׃ | and Shallum begot Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begot Azariah, | |
| 1 Chr 5:40 1 Chr 6:14AV |
וַעֲזַרְיָה֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שְׂרָיָ֔ה וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יְהוֹצָדָֽק׃ | and Azariah begot Seraiah, and Seraiah begot Jehozadak. | |
| 1 Chr 5:41 1 Chr 6:15AV |
וִיהוֹצָדָ֣ק הָלַ֔ךְ בְּהַגְל֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בְּיַ֖ד נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּֽר׃ ס | And Jehozadak was moved out when the Lord deported Judah and Jerusalem by the agency of Nebuchadnezzar. |
was moved out ← went. Intransitive for passive of hiphil.
agency ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 6:1 1 Chr 6:16AV |
בְּנֵ֖י לֵוִ֑י גֵּרְשֹׁ֕ם קְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִֽי׃ | The sons of Levi were Gershom Kohath and Merari. | || Gen 46:11 (Gershon in Gen 46:11, 1 Chr 5:27 (1 Chr 6:1AV); Gershom for Moses' son in Ex 2:22, Ex 18:3). |
| 1 Chr 6:2 1 Chr 6:17AV |
וְאֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת בְּֽנֵי־גֵרְשׁ֖וֹם לִבְנִ֥י וְשִׁמְעִֽי׃ | And these are the names of the sons of Gershom: Libni and Shimei. | |
| 1 Chr 6:3 1 Chr 6:18AV |
וּבְנֵ֖י קְהָ֑ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְיִצְהָ֔ר וְחֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵֽל׃ | And the sons of Kohath were Amram and Izhar and Hebron and Uzziel. | || Ex 6:18, 1 Chr 5:28 (1 Chr 6:2AV). |
| 1 Chr 6:4 1 Chr 6:19AV |
בְּנֵ֥י מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּמֻשִׁ֑י וְאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַלֵּוִ֖י לַאֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. And these were the families of the Levites according to their fathers: |
|| Ex 6:19.
the Levites ← the Levi / Levite. |
| 1 Chr 6:5 1 Chr 6:20AV |
לְֽגֵרְשׁ֑וֹם לִבְנִ֥י בְנ֛וֹ יַ֥חַת בְּנ֖וֹ זִמָּ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | of Gershom, Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:6 1 Chr 6:21AV |
יוֹאָ֤ח בְּנוֹ֙ עִדּ֣וֹ בְנ֔וֹ זֶ֥רַח בְּנ֖וֹ יְאָתְרַ֥י בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeatherai his son. | Jeatherai: or with a closed syllable, Jeothrai. AV= Jeaterai. |
| 1 Chr 6:7 1 Chr 6:22AV |
בְּנֵ֖י קְהָ֑ת עַמִּינָדָ֣ב בְּנ֔וֹ קֹ֥רַח בְּנ֖וֹ אַסִּ֥יר בְּנֽוֹ׃ | The sons of Kohath were Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:8 1 Chr 6:23AV |
אֶלְקָנָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ וְאֶבְיָסָ֥ף בְּנ֖וֹ וְאַסִּ֥יר בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Elkanah his son and Ebiasaph his son and Assir his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:9 1 Chr 6:24AV |
תַּ֤חַת בְּנוֹ֙ אוּרִיאֵ֣ל בְּנ֔וֹ עֻזִּיָּ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ וְשָׁא֥וּל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son and Saul his son. | Saul ← Shaul, or better Sha'ul, as for the first king of the united kingdom of Israel (1 Sam 9:2), but we regularize this name for other personages. AV= Shaul here. |
| 1 Chr 6:10 1 Chr 6:25AV |
וּבְנֵי֙ אֶלְקָנָ֔ה עֲמָשַׂ֖י וַאֲחִימֽוֹת׃ | And the sons of Elkanah were Amasai and Ahimoth. | |
| 1 Chr 6:11 1 Chr 6:26AV |
אֶלְקָנָ֑ה *בנו **בְּנֵי֙ אֶלְקָנָ֔ה צוֹפַ֥י בְּנ֖וֹ וְנַ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ | {Q: As for Elkanah, the sons of Elkanah were} [K: Elkanah's son was Elkanah, as were] Zophai his son, Nahath his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:12 1 Chr 6:27AV |
אֱלִיאָ֥ב בְּנ֛וֹ יְרֹחָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ אֶלְקָנָ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. | |
| 1 Chr 6:13 1 Chr 6:28AV |
וּבְנֵ֧י שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל הַבְּכֹ֥ר וַשְׁנִ֖י וַאֲבִיָּֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Samuel were the firstborn Vashni, and Abijah. |
Samuel ← Shemuel. AV maintains Samuel here, as in 1 Sam 1:20, but not 1 Chr 7:2.
Abijah: see 1 Sam 8:2. |
| 1 Chr 6:14 1 Chr 6:29AV |
בְּנֵ֥י מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֑י לִבְנִ֥י בְנ֛וֹ שִׁמְעִ֥י בְנ֖וֹ עֻזָּ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | The sons of Merari were Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza his son, | Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3, but here MT= Uzzah. |
| 1 Chr 6:15 1 Chr 6:30AV |
שִׁמְעָ֥א בְנ֛וֹ חַגִּיָּ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ עֲשָׂיָ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ פ | Shimah his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son. | Shimah: see 1 Chr 2:13. |
| 1 Chr 6:16 1 Chr 6:31AV |
וְאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱמִ֥יד דָּוִ֛יד עַל־יְדֵי־שִׁ֖יר בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה מִמְּנ֖וֹחַ הָאָרֽוֹן׃ | And these are they whom David set up to attend to singing in the house of the Lord after the resting of the ark. | to attend to ← at the hands of. |
| 1 Chr 6:17 1 Chr 6:32AV |
וַיִּהְי֨וּ מְשָׁרְתִ֜ים לִפְנֵ֨י מִשְׁכַּ֤ן אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵד֙ בַּשִּׁ֔יר עַד־בְּנ֧וֹת שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּעַמְד֥וּ כְמִשְׁפָּטָ֖ם עַל־עֲבוֹדָתָֽם׃ | And they served before the tabernacle of the tent of contact with song until Solomon had built the house of the Lord in Jerusalem. And they stood according to their schedule at their work. |
the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21.
schedule ← judgment, custom. |
| 1 Chr 6:18 1 Chr 6:33AV |
וְאֵ֥לֶּה הָעֹמְדִ֖ים וּבְנֵיהֶ֑ם מִבְּנֵי֙ הַקְּהָתִ֔י הֵימָן֙ הַמְשׁוֹרֵ֔ר בֶּן־יוֹאֵ֖ל בֶּן־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ | And these are those who stood, as did their sons. Those of the Kohathites: Heman the singer, the son of Joel, the son of Samuel, |
Samuel ← Shemuel, which the AV has here, unlike 1 Chr 6:13 (1 Chr 6:28AV).
The long sentence ends at 1 Chr 6:32 (1 Chr 6:47AV). |
| 1 Chr 6:19 1 Chr 6:34AV |
בֶּן־אֶלְקָנָה֙ בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֔ם בֶּן־אֱלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־תּֽוֹחַ׃ | the son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, | |
| 1 Chr 6:20 1 Chr 6:35AV |
בֶּן־*ציף **צוּף֙ בֶּן־אֶלְקָנָ֔ה בֶּן־מַ֖חַת בֶּן־עֲמָשָֽׂי׃ | the son of {K: Ziph} [Q: Zuph], the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, | |
| 1 Chr 6:21 1 Chr 6:36AV |
בֶּן־אֶלְקָנָה֙ בֶּן־יוֹאֵ֔ל בֶּן־עֲזַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־צְפַנְיָֽה׃ | the son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, | |
| 1 Chr 6:22 1 Chr 6:37AV |
בֶּן־תַּ֙חַת֙ בֶּן־אַסִּ֔יר בֶּן־אֶבְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־קֹֽרַח׃ | the son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, | |
| 1 Chr 6:23 1 Chr 6:38AV |
בֶּן־יִצְהָ֣ר בֶּן־קְהָ֔ת בֶּן־לֵוִ֖י בֶּן־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel, | Kohath: see Gen 46:11. |
| 1 Chr 6:24 1 Chr 6:39AV |
וְאָחִ֣יו אָסָ֔ף הָעֹמֵ֖ד עַל־יְמִינ֑וֹ אָסָ֥ף בֶּן־בֶּרֶכְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־שִׁמְעָֽא׃ | and his brother Asaph who stands on his right hand side, Asaph being the son of Berechiah, the son of Shima, |
Berechiah: AV differs (Berachiah).
Shima: see 1 Chr 2:13. |
| 1 Chr 6:25 1 Chr 6:40AV |
בֶּן־מִיכָאֵ֥ל בֶּן־בַּעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה בֶּן־מַלְכִּיָּֽה׃ | the son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchijah, | Malchijah: AV differs here (Malchiah). See Jer 21:1. |
| 1 Chr 6:26 1 Chr 6:41AV |
בֶּן־אֶתְנִ֥י בֶן־זֶ֖רַח בֶּן־עֲדָיָֽה׃ | the son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, | |
| 1 Chr 6:27 1 Chr 6:42AV |
בֶּן־אֵיתָ֥ן בֶּן־זִמָּ֖ה בֶּן־שִׁמְעִֽי׃ | the son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, | |
| 1 Chr 6:28 1 Chr 6:43AV |
בֶּן־יַ֥חַת בֶּן־גֵּרְשֹׁ֖ם בֶּן־לֵוִֽי׃ ס | the son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi, | |
| 1 Chr 6:29 1 Chr 6:44AV |
וּבְנֵ֧י מְרָרִ֛י אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם עַֽל־הַשְּׂמֹ֑אול אֵיתָן֙ בֶּן־קִישִׁ֔י בֶּן־עַבְדִּ֖י בֶּן־מַלּֽוּךְ׃ | and the sons of Merari, their brothers who stand on the left hand side, were Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, | |
| 1 Chr 6:30 1 Chr 6:45AV |
בֶּן־חֲשַׁבְיָ֥ה בֶן־אֲמַצְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּֽה׃ | the son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, | |
| 1 Chr 6:31 1 Chr 6:46AV |
בֶּן־אַמְצִ֥י בֶן־בָּנִ֖י בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶר׃ | the son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shemer, | Shemer: AV= Shamer, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 6:32 1 Chr 6:47AV |
בֶּן־מַחְלִי֙ בֶּן־מוּשִׁ֔י בֶּן־מְרָרִ֖י בֶּן־לֵוִֽי׃ ס | the son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. | This sentence started at 1 Chr 6:18 (1 Chr 6:33AV). |
| 1 Chr 6:33 1 Chr 6:48AV |
וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם הַלְוִיִּ֑ם נְתוּנִ֕ים לְכָ֨ל־עֲבוֹדַ֔ת מִשְׁכַּ֖ן בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And there were their brothers, the Levites, who were appointed to all the work of the tabernacle of the house of God. | |
| 1 Chr 6:34 1 Chr 6:49AV |
וְֽאַהֲרֹ֨ן וּבָנָ֜יו מַקְטִירִ֨ים עַל־מִזְבַּ֤ח הָֽעוֹלָה֙ וְעַל־מִזְבַּ֣ח הַקְּטֹ֔רֶת לְכֹ֕ל מְלֶ֖אכֶת קֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּלְכַפֵּר֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And Aaron and his sons burned incense on the altar for the burnt offering, and on the altar for incense, and they were appointed for all service concerning the holy of holies, and to atone for Israel according to everything that Moses the servant of God commanded. | service concerning ← service of. |
| 1 Chr 6:35 1 Chr 6:50AV |
וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בְּנ֛וֹ פִּֽינְחָ֥ס בְּנ֖וֹ אֲבִישׁ֥וּעַ בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And these were the sons of Aaron: Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, | Phinehas: see Ex 6:25. |
| 1 Chr 6:36 1 Chr 6:51AV |
בֻּקִּ֥י בְנ֛וֹ עֻזִּ֥י בְנ֖וֹ זְרַֽחְיָ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:37 1 Chr 6:52AV |
מְרָי֥וֹת בְּנ֛וֹ אֲמַרְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אֲחִיט֥וּב בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, | |
| 1 Chr 6:38 1 Chr 6:53AV |
צָד֥וֹק בְּנ֖וֹ אֲחִימַ֥עַץ בְּנֽוֹ׃ ס | Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son. | |
| 1 Chr 6:39 1 Chr 6:54AV |
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מוֹשְׁבוֹתָ֔ם לְטִירוֹתָ֖ם בִּגְבוּלָ֑ם לִבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ לְמִשְׁפַּחַ֣ת הַקְּהָתִ֔י כִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָֽל׃ | And these are their places of abode, concerning their castles in their territory, belonging to the sons of Aaron, to the Kohathite family, for they had this lot, |
|| Josh 21:10.
territory ← border. |
| 1 Chr 6:40 1 Chr 6:55AV |
וַֽיִּתְּנ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֶת־חֶבְר֖וֹן בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | that they were given Hebron in the land of Judah, and its pasture lands around it, |
|| Josh 21:11.
they were given ← they gave them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| 1 Chr 6:41 1 Chr 6:56AV |
וְאֶת־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־חֲצֵרֶ֑יהָ נָתְנ֖וּ לְכָלֵ֥ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃ ס | but the fields of the city and its courtyards were given to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. |
|| Josh 21:12.
fields ← field; countryside. were given ← they gave. Avoidance of the passive. |
| 1 Chr 6:42 1 Chr 6:57AV |
וְלִבְנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן נָתְנוּ֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַמִּקְלָ֔ט אֶת־חֶבְר֥וֹן וְאֶת־לִבְנָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶת־יַתִּ֥ר וְאֶֽת־אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | So they gave the sons of Aaron the cities of refuge: Hebron and Libnah and its pasture lands, and Jattir and Eshtemoa and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:13, Josh 21:14.
refuge: AV differs (Judah), dating from the 1611 edition. |
| 1 Chr 6:43 1 Chr 6:58AV |
וְאֶת־חִילֵז֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ אֶת־דְּבִ֖יר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and Hilez and its pasture lands, Debir and its pasture lands, |
Hilez: Holon in Josh 21:15; Hilen here in many manuscripts [BHS-CA].
|| Josh 21:15 (MT AV = Holon). |
| 1 Chr 6:44 1 Chr 6:59AV |
וְאֶת־עָשָׁן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ ס | and Ashan and its pasture lands, and Beth-Shemesh and its pasture lands. | || Josh 21:16. |
| 1 Chr 6:45 1 Chr 6:60AV |
וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֗ן אֶת־גֶּ֤בַע וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־עָלֶ֣מֶת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־עֲנָת֖וֹת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ כָּל־עָרֵיהֶ֛ם שְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר בְּמִשְׁפְּחוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And from the tribe of Benjamin they were given Geba and its pasture lands, and Alemeth and its pasture lands, and Anathoth and its pasture lands. In total their cities came to thirteen cities among their families. | || Josh 21:17, Josh 21:18, Josh 21:19. |
| 1 Chr 6:46 1 Chr 6:61AV |
וְלִבְנֵ֨י קְהָ֜ת הַנּוֹתָרִ֗ים מִמִּשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמַּטֶּ֡ה מִֽ֠מַּחֲצִית מַטֵּ֨ה חֲצִ֧י מְנַשֶּׁ֛ה בַּגּוֹרָ֖ל עָרִ֥ים עָֽשֶׂר׃ ס | And to the sons of Kohath who remained of the family of the tribe were given – from a half-tribe, the half-tribe of Manasseh – ten cities by lot. |
|| Josh 21:5.
from a half-tribe, the half-tribe of Manasseh: or from half of the half-tribe of Manasseh. |
| 1 Chr 6:47 1 Chr 6:62AV |
וְלִבְנֵ֨י גֵרְשׁ֜וֹם לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֣ה יִ֠שָׂשכָר וּמִמַּטֵּ֨ה אָשֵׁ֜ר וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֗י וּמִמַּטֵּ֤ה מְנַשֶּׁה֙ בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן עָרִ֖ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ ס | And to the sons of Gershom, according to their families were given – from the tribe of Issachar and from the tribe of Asher and from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan – thirteen cities. |
|| Josh 21:6.
Bashan ← the Bashan, also in the rest of the chapter, and often elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 6:48 1 Chr 6:63AV |
לִבְנֵ֨י מְרָרִ֜י לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֗ם מִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְ֠אוּבֵן וּֽמִמַּטֵּה־גָ֞ד וּמִמַּטֵּ֤ה זְבוּלֻן֙ בַּגּוֹרָ֔ל עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה׃ | To the sons of Merari, according to their families were given – from the tribe of Reuben and from the tribe of Gad and from the tribe of Zebulun – twelve cities by lot. | || Josh 21:7. |
| 1 Chr 6:49 1 Chr 6:64AV |
וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַלְוִיִּ֑ם אֶת־הֶעָרִ֖ים וְאֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ | So the sons of Israel gave the cities with their pasture lands to the Levites. | || Josh 21:8. |
| 1 Chr 6:50 1 Chr 6:65AV |
וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ בַגּוֹרָ֗ל מִמַּטֵּ֤ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָה֙ וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה בְנֵי־שִׁמְע֔וֹן וּמִמַּטֵּ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן אֵ֚ת הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרְא֥וּ אֶתְהֶ֖ם בְּשֵׁמֽוֹת׃ ס | And from the tribe of the sons of Judah, and from the tribe of the sons of Simeon, and from the tribe of the sons of Benjamin, they gave by lot these cities which they specified by name. |
|| Josh 21:9.
specified ← called. |
| 1 Chr 6:51 1 Chr 6:66AV |
וּמִֽמִּשְׁפְּח֖וֹת בְּנֵ֣י קְהָ֑ת וַיְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גְבוּלָ֔ם מִמַּטֵּ֖ה אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | And as for a certain part of the families of the sons of Kohath, the cities of their territory were from the tribe of Ephraim. |
|| Josh 21:20.
territory ← border. were ← and it was. |
| 1 Chr 6:52 1 Chr 6:67AV |
וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ לָהֶ֜ם אֶת־עָרֵ֧י הַמִּקְלָ֛ט אֶת־שְׁכֶ֥ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֖יהָ בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־גֶּ֖זֶר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | And they gave them the cities of refuge: Shechem and its pasture lands at Mount Ephraim, and Gezer and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:21, 1 Chr 7:28. |
| 1 Chr 6:53 1 Chr 6:68AV |
וְאֶֽת־יָקְמְעָם֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית חוֹר֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and Jokmeam and its pasture lands, and Beth-Horon and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:22. |
| 1 Chr 6:54 1 Chr 6:69AV |
וְאֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ פ | and Aijalon and its pasture lands, and Gath-Rimmon and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:24. |
| 1 Chr 6:55 1 Chr 6:70AV |
וּמִֽמַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־עָנֵר֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־בִּלְעָ֖ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ לְמִשְׁפַּ֥חַת לִבְנֵי־קְהָ֖ת הַנּוֹתָרִֽים׃ פ | and from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Aner and its pasture lands, Bilam and its pasture lands, given to the family of the sons of Kohath who remained. |
|| Josh 21:25, Josh 21:26.
Bilam ← Bil'am. AV= Bileam, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. But AV renders Balaam for the name elsewhere; see Num 22:5. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 6:56 1 Chr 6:71AV |
לִבְנֵי֮ גֵּרְשׁוֹם֒ מִמִּשְׁפַּ֗חַת חֲצִי֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־גּוֹלָ֥ן בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶת־עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ ס | To the sons of Gershom, from the family of the half-tribe of Manasseh, they gave Golan in Bashan and its pasture lands, and Ashtaroth and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:27. |
| 1 Chr 6:57 1 Chr 6:72AV |
וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה יִשָׂשכָ֔ר אֶת־קֶ֖דֶשׁ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ אֶת־דָּבְרַ֖ת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and from the tribe of Issachar: Kedesh and its pasture lands, and Daberath and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:28. |
| 1 Chr 6:58 1 Chr 6:73AV |
וְאֶת־רָאמוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־עָנֵ֖ם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ ס | and Ramoth and its pasture lands, and Anem and its pasture lands, | || Josh 21:29. |
| 1 Chr 6:59 1 Chr 6:74AV |
וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מָשָׁ֖ל וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and from the tribe of Asher: Mashal and its pasture lands, and Abdon and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:30 (Josh MT AV = Mishal).
Abdon: the word is not related to destruction (Rev 9:11); the first letter is an ayin, not an aleph. |
| 1 Chr 6:60 1 Chr 6:75AV |
וְאֶת־חוּקֹק֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־רְחֹ֖ב וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and Hukok and its pasture lands, and Rehob and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:31.
Hukok: see Josh 19:34. |
| 1 Chr 6:61 1 Chr 6:76AV |
וּמִמַּטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֗י אֶת־קֶ֤דֶשׁ בַּגָּלִיל֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־חַמּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶת־קִרְיָתַ֖יִם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ ס | and from the tribe of Naphtali: Kedesh in Galilee and its pasture lands, and Hammon and its pasture lands, and Kiriathaim and its pasture lands. |
|| Josh 21:32.
Kiriathaim: AV= Kirjathaim here. |
| 1 Chr 6:62 1 Chr 6:77AV |
לִבְנֵ֣י מְרָרִי֮ הַנּוֹתָרִים֒ מִמַּטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶת־רִמּוֹנ֖וֹ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ אֶת־תָּב֖וֹר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | To the remaining sons of Merari were given: from the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmono and its pasture lands, and Tabor and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:34.
Rimmono: AV= Rimmon. |
| 1 Chr 6:63 1 Chr 6:78AV |
וּמֵעֵ֜בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֣ן יְרֵחוֹ֮ לְמִזְרַ֣ח הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ מִמַּטֵּ֣ה רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֶת־בֶּ֥צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶת־יַ֖הְצָה וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and on the other side of the Jordan, Jericho, to the east of the Jordan; from the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the desert and its pasture lands, and Jahzah and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:36.
Jericho: we have translated the text as it stands, leaving the possibility that Jericho had some connection with the east of the Jordan. ↴ |
| 1 Chr 6:64 1 Chr 6:79AV |
וְאֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־מֵיפַ֖עַת וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and Kedemoth and its pasture lands, and Mephaath and its pasture lands; |
↳ Otherwise, supply east of to go with Jericho.
|| Josh 21:37. |
| 1 Chr 6:65 1 Chr 6:80AV |
וּמִ֨מַּטֵּה־גָ֔ד אֶת־רָאמ֥וֹת בַּגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֑יהָ וְאֶֽת־מַחֲנַ֖יִם וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ | and from the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead and its pasture lands, and Mahanaim and its pasture lands, |
|| Josh 21:38.
Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 6:66 1 Chr 6:81AV |
וְאֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶׁ֔יהָ וְאֶת־יַעְזֵ֖יר וְאֶת־מִגְרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃ ס | and Heshbon and its pasture lands and Jazer and its pasture lands. | || Josh 21:39 (on Jazer, see Num 21:32). |
| 1 Chr 7:1 | וְלִבְנֵ֣י יִשָׂשכָ֗ר תּוֹלָ֧ע וּפוּאָ֛ה *ישיב **יָשׁ֥וּב וְשִׁמְר֖וֹן אַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | And as for the sons of Issachar, they were Tola and Puah, {Q: Jashub} [K: Jashib] and Shimron – four of them. |
|| Gen 46:13 (Gen = Puvah, Job).
Puah: Puvvah in Gen 46:13 and Puvah in Num 26:23 (but we regularize to Puvvah). Here we maintain the distinction. Shimron: [CB]= Shimrom, but not the 1611 edition of the AV. |
| 1 Chr 7:2 | וּבְנֵ֣י תוֹלָ֗ע עֻזִּ֡י וּרְפָיָ֡ה וִֽ֠ירִיאֵל וְיַחְמַ֨י וְיִבְשָׂ֜ם וּשְׁמוּאֵ֗ל רָאשִׁ֤ים לְבֵית־אֲבוֹתָם֙ לְתוֹלָ֔ע גִּבּ֥וֹרֵי חַ֖יִל לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֑ם מִסְפָּרָם֙ בִּימֵ֣י דָוִ֔יד עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | And the sons of Tola were Uzzi and Rephaiah and Jeriel and Jahmai and Jibsam and Samuel – heads of their paternal house. To Tola valiant warriors were recorded in their genealogies. Their number in David's days was twenty-two thousand six hundred. | Samuel: AV= Shemuel here, unlike 1 Chr 6:13 (1 Chr 6:28AV) and 1 Sam 1:20. |
| 1 Chr 7:3 | וּבְנֵ֥י עֻזִּ֖י יִֽזְרַֽחְיָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֣י יִֽזְרַֽחְיָ֗ה מִֽיכָאֵ֡ל וְ֠עֹבַדְיָה וְיוֹאֵ֧ל יִשִּׁיָּ֛ה חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה רָאשִׁ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ | And the sons of Uzzi were Izrahiah and his line. And the sons of Izrahiah were Michael and Obadiah and Joel and Ishiah – five of them – all heads in rank. | and his line: this verse, with its count of five, shows that the expression sons of can include the next generation as well. See also 1 Chr 3:22. |
| 1 Chr 7:4 | וַעֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֜ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבוֹתָ֗ם גְּדוּדֵי֙ צְבָ֣א מִלְחָמָ֔ה שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה אָ֑לֶף כִּֽי־הִרְבּ֥וּ נָשִׁ֖ים וּבָנִֽים׃ | And alongside them according to their genealogies, according to their paternal house, were the troops of the army for war – thirty-six thousand men – for they had many wives and sons. | |
| 1 Chr 7:5 | וַאֲחֵיהֶ֗ם לְכֹל֙ מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת יִשָׂשכָ֔ר גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י חֲיָלִ֑ים שְׁמוֹנִ֤ים וְשִׁבְעָה֙ אֶ֔לֶף הִתְיַחְשָׂ֖ם לַכֹּֽל׃ פ | And their brothers according to all the families of Issachar were valiant soldiers – eighty-seven thousand of them in total according to their registration by their genealogy. | |
| 1 Chr 7:6 | בִּנְיָמִ֗ן בֶּ֧לַע וָבֶ֛כֶר וִידִֽיעֲאֵ֖ל שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | The sons of Benjamin were Bela and Becher and Jediael – three of them. | || Gen 46:21. |
| 1 Chr 7:7 | וּבְנֵ֣י בֶ֗לַע אֶצְבּ֡וֹן וְעֻזִּ֡י וְ֠עֻזִּיאֵל וִירִימ֨וֹת וְעִירִ֜י חֲמִשָּׁ֗ה רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית אָב֔וֹת גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י חֲיָלִ֑ים וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Bela were Ezbon and Uzzi and Uzziel and Jerimoth and Iri – five of them – heads of the paternal house, valiant soldiers – and they were twenty-two thousand and thirty-four in number in their registration by their genealogy. | |
| 1 Chr 7:8 | וּבְנֵ֣י בֶ֗כֶר זְמִירָ֡ה וְיוֹעָ֡שׁ וֶ֠אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֤י וְעָמְרִי֙ וִירֵמ֣וֹת וַאֲבִיָּ֔ה וַעֲנָת֖וֹת וְעָלָ֑מֶת כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵי־בָֽכֶר׃ | And the sons of Becher were Zemira and Joash and Eliezer and Elioenai and Omri and Jeremoth and Abijah and Anathoth and Alemeth. All these were the sons of Becher. |
Elioenai: see Ezra 8:4.
Jeremoth: AV= Jerimoth. Abijah: see 1 Sam 8:2. Alemeth: AV= Alameth, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 7:9 | וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֣ם לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֗ם רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית אֲבוֹתָ֔ם גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י חָ֑יִל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם׃ ס | And their registration according to their genealogy was as heads of their paternal house – as valiant warriors – twenty thousand two hundred in number. | |
| 1 Chr 7:10 | וּבְנֵ֥י יְדִיעֲאֵ֖ל בִּלְהָ֑ן וּבְנֵ֣י בִלְהָ֗ן *יעיש **יְע֡וּשׁ וּ֠בִנְיָמִן וְאֵה֤וּד וּֽכְנַעֲנָה֙ וְזֵיתָ֔ן וְתַרְשִׁ֖ישׁ וַאֲחִישָֽׁחַר׃ | And the sons of Jediael were Bilhan and his line. And the sons of Bilhan were {Q: Jeush} [K: Jeish] and Benjamin and Ehud and Chenaanah and Zethan and Tarshish and Ahishahar. |
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3.
Tarshish: AV= Tharshish here, but Tarshish for another in 1 Chr 1:7. |
| 1 Chr 7:11 | כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה בְּנֵ֤י יְדִֽיעֲאֵל֙ לְרָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֔וֹת גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י חֲיָלִ֑ים שִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּמָאתַ֔יִם יֹצְאֵ֥י צָבָ֖א לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | All these were the sons of Jediael according to the paternal heads – valiant soldiers – seventeen thousand two hundred in number who would go out to battle in the army. | |
| 1 Chr 7:12 | וְשֻׁפִּ֤ם וְחֻפִּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י עִ֔יר חֻשִׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י אַחֵֽר׃ | And Shuppim and Huppim were the sons of Ir, and there was Hushim, of the sons of someone else. | someone else: i.e. Dan. See Gen 46:23. AV differs, taking the word as a name (Aher). |
| 1 Chr 7:13 | בְּנֵ֣י נַפְתָּלִ֗י יַחֲצִיאֵ֧ל וְגוּנִ֛י וְיֵ֥צֶר וְשַׁלּ֖וּם בְּנֵ֥י בִלְהָֽה׃ פ | The sons of Naphtali were Jahziel and Guni and Jezer and Shallum, being the sons of Bilhah. |
|| Num 26:48 (Num = Jahzeel).
Bilhah: Naphtali's mother. See Gen 29:29 and Gen 30:8. |
| 1 Chr 7:14 | בְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אַשְׂרִיאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלָ֑דָה פִּֽילַגְשׁוֹ֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּיָּ֔ה יָלְדָ֕ה אֶת־מָכִ֖יר אֲבִ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃ | The sons of Manasseh were Asriel to whom his wife gave birth. His Aramaean concubine gave birth to Machir the father of Gilead. | Asriel: AV= Ashriel here, but not in Num 26:31, Josh 17:2. |
| 1 Chr 7:15 | וּמָכִ֞יר לָקַ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לְחֻפִּ֣ים וּלְשֻׁפִּ֔ים וְשֵׁ֤ם אֲחֹתוֹ֙ מַעֲכָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖י צְלָפְחָ֑ד וַתִּהְיֶ֥נָה לִצְלָפְחָ֖ד בָּנֽוֹת׃ | And Machir took as wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, and the name of his sister was Maachah. And the name of the second son was Zelophehad, and Zelophehad had daughters. |
|| Num 26:33.
Zelophehad (2x): see Num 26:33. |
| 1 Chr 7:16 | וַתֵּ֨לֶד מַעֲכָ֤ה אֵֽשֶׁת־מָכִיר֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ פֶּ֔רֶשׁ וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו שָׁ֑רֶשׁ וּבָנָ֖יו אוּלָ֥ם וָרָֽקֶם׃ | And Maachah the wife of Machir gave birth to a son, and she called him Peresh, and the name of his brother was Sheresh, and his sons were Ulam and Rekem. | Rekem: AV= Rakem, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 7:17 | וּבְנֵ֥י אוּלָ֖ם בְּדָ֑ן אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד בֶּן־מָכִ֖יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And the sons of Ulam were Bedan and his line. These were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 7:18 | וַאֲחֹת֖וֹ הַמֹּלֶ֑כֶת יָלְדָה֙ אֶת־אִישְׁה֔וֹד וְאֶת־אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר וְאֶת־מַחְלָֽה׃ | And his sister Hammolecheth gave birth to Ishhod and Abiezer and Mahlah. |
Hammolecheth: AV= Hammoleketh, not in AV's usual scheme.
Ishhod: AV= Ishod. Mahlah: AV= Mahalah, not recognizing the initial closed syllable. |
| 1 Chr 7:19 | וַיִּהְי֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י שְׁמִידָ֑ע אַחְיָ֣ן וָשֶׁ֔כֶם וְלִקְחִ֖י וַאֲנִיעָֽם׃ פ | And the sons of Shemida were Ahian and Shechem and Likhi and Aniam. | |
| 1 Chr 7:20 | וּבְנֵ֥י אֶפְרַ֖יִם שׁוּתָ֑לַח וּבֶ֤רֶד בְּנוֹ֙ וְתַ֣חַת בְּנ֔וֹ וְאֶלְעָדָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ וְתַ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And the sons of Ephraim were Shuthelah, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son and Tahath his son, |
|| Num 26:35 (Num = Becher, Tahan).
Shuthelah: AV correctly normalizes the pausal form. |
| 1 Chr 7:21 | וְזָבָ֥ד בְּנ֛וֹ וְשׁוּתֶ֥לַח בְּנ֖וֹ וְעֵ֣זֶר וְאֶלְעָ֑ד וַהֲרָג֗וּם אַנְשֵׁי־גַת֙ הַנּוֹלָדִ֣ים בָּאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י יָרְד֔וּ לָקַ֖חַת אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | and Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer and Elad, but the men of Gath who were born in the land killed them, because they came down to take their cattle. | Elad ← El'ad. AV= Elead, not recognizing the initial closed syllable. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 7:22 | וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֛ל אֶפְרַ֥יִם אֲבִיהֶ֖ם יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶחָ֖יו לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ | And Ephraim their father mourned for many days, and his brothers came to console him. | |
| 1 Chr 7:23 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ בְּרִיעָ֔ה כִּ֥י בְרָעָ֖ה הָיְתָ֥ה בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And after he had gone in to his wife, she conceived and bore a son, and he called him Beriah, because it was troublesome in his house. | troublesome ← in badness. |
| 1 Chr 7:24 | וּבִתּ֣וֹ שֶׁאֱרָ֔ה וַתִּ֧בֶן אֶת־בֵּית־חוֹר֛וֹן הַתַּחְתּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־הָעֶלְי֑וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֻזֵּ֥ן שֶׁאֱרָֽה׃ | And his daughter was Sheerah, and she built Lower and Upper Beth-Horon and Uzzen-Sheerah. | Sheerah ... Uzzen-Sheerah: AV= Sherah ... Uzzen-sherah. |
| 1 Chr 7:25 | וְרֶ֣פַח בְּנ֗וֹ וְרֶ֧שֶׁף וְתֶ֛לַח בְּנ֖וֹ וְתַ֥חַן בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And Rephah was his son, as were Resheph, and Telah his son, and Tahan his son, | |
| 1 Chr 7:26 | לַעְדָּ֥ן בְּנ֛וֹ עַמִּיה֥וּד בְּנ֖וֹ אֱלִישָׁמָ֥ע בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Ladan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son, | Ladan ← La'dan. AV= Laadan. |
| 1 Chr 7:27 | נ֥וֹן בְּנ֖וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בְּנֽוֹ׃ | Non his son and Joshua his son. | Joshua: AV= Jehoshua here, as MT. |
| 1 Chr 7:28 | וַאֲחֻזָּתָם֙ וּמֹ֣שְׁבוֹתָ֔ם בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבְנֹתֶ֑יהָ וְלַמִּזְרָ֣ח נַעֲרָ֔ן וְלַֽמַּעֲרָ֗ב גֶּ֤זֶר וּבְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וּשְׁכֶ֣ם וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ עַד־עַיָּ֖ה וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | And their estate and place of residence was Beth-El and its satellite villages. And to the east it was Naaran, and to the west it was Gezer and its satellite villages, and Shechem and its satellite villages, as far as Ajah and its satellite villages. |
|| 1 Chr 6:52 (1 Chr 6:67AV), Josh 21:21.
Ajah: AV= Gaza. |
| 1 Chr 7:29 | וְעַל־יְדֵ֣י בְנֵי־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה בֵּית־שְׁאָ֤ן וּבְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ תַּעְנַ֣ךְ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יהָ מְגִדּ֥וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ דּ֣וֹר וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ בְּאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָשְׁב֔וּ בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף בֶּן־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And next to the sons of Manasseh were Beth-Shean and its satellite villages, Taanach and its satellite villages, Megiddo and its satellite villages, and Dor and its satellite villages. It is in these that the sons of Joseph the son of Israel lived. | || Judg 1:27. |
| 1 Chr 7:30 | בְּנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֗ר יִמְנָ֧ה וְיִשְׁוָ֛ה וְיִשְׁוִ֥י וּבְרִיעָ֖ה וְשֶׂ֥רַח אֲחוֹתָֽם׃ | The sons of Asher were Jimnah and Jishvah and Jishvi and Beriah, and Serah was their sister. |
|| Gen 46:17, Num 26:44.
Jimnah ... Jishvah ... Jishvi: AV= Imnah ... Isuah ... Ishuai. |
| 1 Chr 7:31 | וּבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה חֶ֖בֶר וּמַלְכִּיאֵ֑ל ה֖וּא אֲבִ֥י *ברזות **בִרְזָֽיִת׃ | And the sons of Beriah were Heber and Malchiel – he was the father of {K: Birzoth} [Q: Birzaith]. |
Birzoth (ketiv) ... Birzaith (qeré): AV= Birzavith, a mixture of the ketiv and qeré. Compare 1 Chr 4:7, 1 Chr 7:34.
|| Gen 46:17, Num 26:45. |
| 1 Chr 7:32 | וְחֶ֙בֶר֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יַפְלֵ֔ט וְאֶת־שׁוֹמֵ֖ר וְאֶת־חוֹתָ֑ם וְאֵ֖ת שׁוּעָ֥א אֲחוֹתָֽם׃ | And Heber begot Japhlet and Shomer and Hotham and Shua their sister. | |
| 1 Chr 7:33 | וּבְנֵ֣י יַפְלֵ֔ט פָּסַ֥ךְ וּבִמְהָ֖ל וְעַשְׁוָ֑ת אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י יַפְלֵֽט׃ | And the sons of Japhlet were Pasach and Bimhal and Ashvath. These were the sons of Japhlet. | |
| 1 Chr 7:34 | וּבְנֵ֖י שָׁ֑מֶר אֲחִ֥י *ורוהגה **וְרָהְגָּ֖ה *יחבה **וְחֻבָּ֥ה וַאֲרָֽם׃ | And the sons of Shemer were Ahi and {Q: Rohgah} [K: Rohagah] {K: and Jahbah} [Q: and Hubbah] and Aram. |
Rohgah (qeré) ... Rohagah (ketiv): AV= Rohgah. The ketiv may be a scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
Jahbah (ketiv) ... and Hubbah (qeré): AV= Jehubbah, a mixture of the ketiv and qeré. Compare 1 Chr 4:7, 1 Chr 7:31. Shemer: see 1 Chr 6:31 (1 Chr 6:46AV). |
| 1 Chr 7:35 | וּבֶן־הֵ֖לֶם אָחִ֑יו צוֹפַ֥ח וְיִמְנָ֖ע וְשֵׁ֥לֶשׁ וְעָמָֽל׃ | And the sons of Helem his brother were Zophah and Imna and Shelesh and Amal. | sons ← son. |
| 1 Chr 7:36 | בְּנֵ֖י צוֹפָ֑ח ס֧וּחַ וְחַרְנֶ֛פֶר וְשׁוּעָ֖ל וּבֵרִ֥י וְיִמְרָֽה׃ | And the sons of Zophah were Suah and Harnepher and Shual and Beri and Imrah, | |
| 1 Chr 7:37 | בֶּ֣צֶר וָה֗וֹד וְשַׁמָּ֧א וְשִׁלְשָׁ֛ה וְיִתְרָ֖ן וּבְאֵרָֽא׃ | Bezer and Hod and Shammah and Shilshah and Ithran and Beera. | Shammah ← Shamma here, but Shammah elsewhere except 2 Sam 23:11. |
| 1 Chr 7:38 | וּבְנֵ֖י יֶ֑תֶר יְפֻנֶּ֥ה וּפִסְפָּ֖ה וַאְרָֽא׃ | And the sons of Jether were Jephunneh and Pispah and Ara. | |
| 1 Chr 7:39 | וּבְנֵ֖י עֻלָּ֑א אָרַ֥ח וְחַנִּיאֵ֖ל וְרִצְיָֽא׃ | And the sons of Ulla were Arah and Hanniel and Rizia. |
Hanniel: AV= Haniel.
Rizia: AV= Rezia. |
| 1 Chr 7:40 | כָּל־אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־אָ֠שֵׁר רָאשֵׁ֨י בֵית־הָאָב֤וֹת בְּרוּרִים֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י חֲיָלִ֔ים רָאשֵׁ֖י הַנְּשִׂיאִ֑ים וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֤ם בַּצָּבָא֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִסְפָּרָ֣ם אֲנָשִׁ֔ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | All of these were the sons of Asher – heads of the paternal house, elite men, valiant soldiers, top ranking leaders – and their genealogical registration was in the army for warfare. They were twenty-six thousand men in number. |
top ranking ← heads of.
they were ... in number ← their number (was). |
| 1 Chr 8:1 | וּבִ֨נְיָמִ֔ן הוֹלִ֖יד אֶת־בֶּ֣לַע בְּכֹר֑וֹ אַשְׁבֵּל֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְאַחְרַ֖ח הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃ | And Benjamin begot Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second son and Ahrah the third, |
|| Num 26:38 (Num = Ahiram).
Ahrah: AV= Aharah. |
| 1 Chr 8:2 | נוֹחָה֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י וְרָפָ֖א הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ ס | Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. | |
| 1 Chr 8:3 | וַיִּהְי֥וּ בָנִ֖ים לְבָ֑לַע אַדָּ֥ר וְגֵרָ֖א וַאֲבִיהֽוּד׃ | And Bela's sons were Addar and Gera and Abihud, | |
| 1 Chr 8:4 | וַאֲבִישׁ֥וּעַ וְנַעֲמָ֖ן וַאֲחֽוֹחַ׃ | and Abishua and Naaman and Ahoah, | |
| 1 Chr 8:5 | וְגֵרָ֥א וּשְׁפוּפָ֖ן וְחוּרָֽם׃ | and Gera and Shephuphan and Huram. | |
| 1 Chr 8:6 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י אֵח֑וּד אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֞ם רָאשֵׁ֤י אָבוֹת֙ לְי֣וֹשְׁבֵי גֶ֔בַע וַיַּגְל֖וּם אֶל־מָנָֽחַת׃ | And these were the sons of Ehud – these were the paternal heads over the inhabitants of Geba – but they were deported to Manahath – : | they were deported ← they deported them. Avoidance of the passive. |
| 1 Chr 8:7 | וְנַעֲמָ֧ן וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה וְגֵרָ֖א ה֣וּא הֶגְלָ֑ם וְהוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עֻזָּ֖א וְאֶת־אֲחִיחֻֽד׃ | both Naaman and Ahiah, and Gera who deported them and begot Uzza and Ahihud. | Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:3. |
| 1 Chr 8:8 | וְשַׁחֲרַ֗יִם הוֹלִיד֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב מִן־שִׁלְח֖וֹ אֹתָ֑ם חוּשִׁ֥ים וְאֶֽת־בַּעֲרָ֖א נָשָֽׁיו׃ | And Shaharaim begot offspring in rural Moab after he had sent away Hushim and Baara his wives. |
sent away ← sent them (away). Discordant in gender, but that is not uncommon in Hebrew.
AV differs in word ↴ |
| 1 Chr 8:9 | וַיּ֖וֹלֶד מִן־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ אֶת־יוֹבָב֙ וְאֶת־צִבְיָ֔א וְאֶת־מֵישָׁ֖א וְאֶת־מַלְכָּֽם׃ | And he begot, by Hodesh his wife, Jobab and Zibia and Mesha and Malcam, |
↳ association (after he had sent them away; Hushim and Baara were his wives). [CB] agrees with our sense.
Malcam: see Zeph 1:5. |
| 1 Chr 8:10 | וְאֶת־יְע֥וּץ וְאֶת־שָֽׂכְיָ֖ה וְאֶת־מִרְמָ֑ה אֵ֥לֶּה בָנָ֖יו רָאשֵׁ֥י אָבֽוֹת׃ | and Jeuz and Sachiah and Mirmah. These were his sons – paternal heads. |
Sachiah: AV= Shachia.
Mirmah: AV= Mirma. |
| 1 Chr 8:11 | וּמֵחֻשִׁ֛ים הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־אֲבִיט֖וּב וְאֶת־אֶלְפָּֽעַל׃ | And by Hushim he begot Abitub and Elpaal. | |
| 1 Chr 8:12 | וּבְנֵ֣י אֶלְפַּ֔עַל עֵ֥בֶר וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם וָשָׁ֑מֶד ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־אוֹנ֔וֹ וְאֶת־לֹ֖ד וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | And the sons of Elpaal were Eber and Misham and Shemed – he built Ono and Lod and its satellite villages – | Shemed: AV= Shamed, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 8:13 | וּבְרִעָ֣ה וָשֶׁ֔מַע הֵ֚מָּה רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֔וֹת לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י אַיָּל֑וֹן הֵ֥מָּה הִבְרִ֖יחוּ אֶת־י֥וֹשְׁבֵי גַֽת׃ | and Beriah and Shema – paternal heads of the inhabitants of Aijalon; they drove the inhabitants of Gath out – | |
| 1 Chr 8:14 | וְאַחְי֥וֹ שָׁשָׁ֖ק וִירֵמֽוֹת׃ | and Ahio, Shashak and Jeremoth, | |
| 1 Chr 8:15 | וּזְבַדְיָ֥ה וַעֲרָ֖ד וָעָֽדֶר׃ | and Zebadiah and Arad and Eder. | Eder: AV= Ader, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 8:16 | וּמִיכָאֵ֧ל וְיִשְׁפָּ֛ה וְיוֹחָ֖א בְּנֵ֥י בְרִיעָֽה׃ | And Michael and Ishpah and Joha, who were the sons of Beriah, were also paternal heads, |
Ishpah: AV= Ispah. AV's transliteration rules could have given Jishpah.
were also paternal heads: confirmed in 1 Chr 8:28. |
| 1 Chr 8:17 | וּזְבַדְיָ֥ה וּמְשֻׁלָּ֖ם וְחִזְקִ֥י וָחָֽבֶר׃ | as were Zebadiah and Meshullam and Hezeki and Heber, | Hezeki ← Hizki, the first syllable being closed, but we retain the AV / traditional English name, as it is an abbreviation of Hezekiah. |
| 1 Chr 8:18 | וְיִשְׁמְרַ֧י וְיִזְלִיאָ֛ה וְיוֹבָ֖ב בְּנֵ֥י אֶלְפָּֽעַל׃ | and Ishmerai and Jizliah and Jobab, the sons of Elpaal, | Jizliah: AV= Jezliah. |
| 1 Chr 8:19 | וְיָקִ֥ים וְזִכְרִ֖י וְזַבְדִּֽי׃ | as were Jakim and Zichri and Zabdi, | |
| 1 Chr 8:20 | וֶאֱלִיעֵנַ֥י וְצִלְּתַ֖י וֶאֱלִיאֵֽל׃ | and Elienai and Zillethai and Eliel, | Zillethai: AV= Zilthai. |
| 1 Chr 8:21 | וַעֲדָיָ֧ה וּבְרָאיָ֛ה וְשִׁמְרָ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י שִׁמְעִֽי׃ | and Adaiah and Beraiah and Shimrath the sons of Shimei, | Shimei: AV= Shimhi here; elsewhere for this name Shimei. |
| 1 Chr 8:22 | וְיִשְׁפָּ֥ן וָעֵ֖בֶר וֶאֱלִיאֵֽל׃ | and Ishpan and Eber and Eliel, | Eber: AV= Heber here. |
| 1 Chr 8:23 | וְעַבְדּ֥וֹן וְזִכְרִ֖י וְחָנָֽן׃ | and Abdon and Zichri and Hanan, | |
| 1 Chr 8:24 | וַחֲנַנְיָ֥ה וְעֵילָ֖ם וְעַנְתֹתִיָּֽה׃ | and Hananiah and Elam and Anthothijah, | Anthothijah: in an unmorphological form, but it is as [WLC] which has a rafé on the first tav, so insisting on leniting it. AV= Antothijah. |
| 1 Chr 8:25 | וְיִפְדְיָ֥ה *ופניאל **וּפְנוּאֵ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י שָׁשָֽׁק׃ | and Iphdeiah and {Q: Penuel} [K: Peniel], the sons of Shashak, | Iphdeiah: AV= Iphedeiah. The first syllable must be closed, despite the absence of a dagesh lene, since two vocal shewas cannot stand together. |
| 1 Chr 8:26 | וְשַׁמְשְׁרַ֥י וּשְׁחַרְיָ֖ה וַעֲתַלְיָֽה׃ | and Shamsherai and Shehariah and Athaliah, | |
| 1 Chr 8:27 | וְיַעֲרֶשְׁיָ֧ה וְאֵלִיָּ֛ה וְזִכְרִ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יְרֹחָֽם׃ | and Jaareshiah and Eliah and Zichri, the sons of Jeroham. | Jaareshiah: AV= Jaresiah. |
| 1 Chr 8:28 | אֵ֣לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֥י אָב֛וֹת לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֖ם רָאשִׁ֑ים אֵ֖לֶּה יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | These were the paternal heads according to their genealogies as heads. These lived in Jerusalem. | |
| 1 Chr 8:29 | וּבְגִבְע֥וֹן יָשְׁב֖וּ אֲבִ֣י גִבְע֑וֹן וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מַעֲכָֽה׃ | And in Gibeon there lived the father of Gibeon, and the name of his wife was Maachah. | |
| 1 Chr 8:30 | וּבְנ֥וֹ הַבְּכ֖וֹר עַבְדּ֑וֹן וְצ֥וּר וְקִ֖ישׁ וּבַ֥עַל וְנָדָֽב׃ | And his firstborn son was Abdon, then Zur and Kish and Baal and Nadab, | |
| 1 Chr 8:31 | וּגְד֥וֹר וְאַחְי֖וֹ וָזָֽכֶר׃ | and Gedor and Ahio and Zecher. | Zecher: AV= Zacher, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 8:32 | וּמִקְל֖וֹת הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שִׁמְאָ֑ה וְאַף־הֵ֗מָּה נֶ֧גֶד אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עִם־אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And Mikloth begot Shimah. And these also lived opposite their brothers in Jerusalem, with their brothers. | Shimah: see 1 Chr 2:13. But here spelled with an aleph. |
| 1 Chr 8:33 | וְנֵר֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־קִ֔ישׁ וְקִ֖ישׁ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֗וּל הוֹלִ֤יד אֶת־יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְאֶת־מַלְכִּי־שׁ֔וּעַ וְאֶת־אֲבִֽינָדָ֖ב וְאֶת־אֶשְׁבָּֽעַל׃ | And Ner begot Kish, and Kish begot Saul, and Saul begot Jonathan and Malchi-Shua and Abinadab and Eshbaal. | || 1 Sam 14:49, 1 Chr 9:39. |
| 1 Chr 8:34 | וּבֶן־יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן מְרִ֣יב בָּ֑עַל וּמְרִ֥יב בַּ֖עַל הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מִיכָֽה׃ ס | And the son of Jonathan was Merib-Baal, and Merib-Baal begot Micah. | |
| 1 Chr 8:35 | וּבְנֵ֖י מִיכָ֑ה פִּית֥וֹן וָמֶ֖לֶךְ וְתַאְרֵ֥עַ וְאָחָֽז׃ | And the sons of Micah were Pithon and Melech and Tarea and Ahaz. | |
| 1 Chr 8:36 | וְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יְהוֹעַדָּ֔ה וִיהֽוֹעַדָּ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־עָלֶ֥מֶת וְאֶת־עַזְמָ֖וֶת וְאֶת־זִמְרִ֑י וְזִמְרִ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃ | And Ahaz begot Jehoaddah, and Jehoaddah begot Alemeth and Azmaveth and Zimri. And Zimri begot Moza. | Jehoaddah (2x): AV= Jehoadah. |
| 1 Chr 8:37 | וּמוֹצָ֖א הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בִּנְעָ֑א רָפָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ אֶלְעָשָׂ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אָצֵ֥ל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And Moza begot Bina. Rapha was his son, Elasa was his son, and Azel was his son. |
Bina ← Bin'a. AV= Binea, not recognizing that the first syllables is closed. See Gen 31:21.
Elasa: see 1 Chr 2:39. |
| 1 Chr 8:38 | וּלְאָצֵל֮ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנִים֒ וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם עַזְרִיקָ֥ם ׀ בֹּ֙כְרוּ֙ וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל וּשְׁעַרְיָ֔ה וְעֹבַדְיָ֖ה וְחָנָ֑ן כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י אָצַֽל׃ | And Azel had six sons, and these are their names: Azrikam, Bocheru and Ishmael and Sheariah and Obadiah and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel. | Bocheru: the consonantal text would normally be read as his firstborn (compare 1 Chr 8:39), but here and in 1 Chr 9:44 the number six implies the word is a name. |
| 1 Chr 8:39 | וּבְנֵ֖י עֵ֣שֶׁק אָחִ֑יו אוּלָ֣ם בְּכֹר֔וֹ יְעוּשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וֶֽאֱלִיפֶ֖לֶט הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁי׃ | And the sons of Eshek his brother were Ulam his firstborn, Jeush the second son, and Eliphelet the third. | Jeush: AV= Jehush. |
| 1 Chr 8:40 | וַֽיִּהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־א֠וּלָם אֲנָשִׁ֨ים גִּבֹּרֵי־חַ֜יִל דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֗שֶׁת וּמַרְבִּ֤ים בָּנִים֙ וּבְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים מֵאָ֖ה וַחֲמִשִּׁ֑ים כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה מִבְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִֽן׃ פ | And sons of Ulam were men who were valiant warriors, who drew the bow, who had many sons and grandsons – one hundred and fifty of them. All these were from the sons of Benjamin. | |
| 1 Chr 9:1 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הִתְיַחְשׂ֔וּ וְהִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֖פֶר מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִיהוּדָ֛ה הָגְל֥וּ לְבָבֶ֖ל בְּמַעֲלָֽם׃ ס | And all Israel was registered by genealogy, and they were written in the Book of the Kings of Israel, but Judah was deported to Babylon because of their treachery. |
This chapter corresponds very roughly to Nehemiah 11. We show parallel verses where some of the parallelism is evident.
they were ← behold them. We group the words as MT; AV differs (the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried away to Babylon for their transgression). |
| 1 Chr 9:2 | וְהַיּוֹשְׁבִים֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּאֲחֻזָּתָ֖ם בְּעָרֵיהֶ֑ם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים הַלְוִיִּ֖ם וְהַנְּתִינִֽים׃ | And the first inhabitants who were back in their possession in their cities were Israel, the priests, the Levites and the temple-servants. | || Neh 11:3. |
| 1 Chr 9:3 | וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יָשְׁב֔וּ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י אֶפְרַ֖יִם וּמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | And in Jerusalem there lived some of the sons of Judah and some of the sons of Benjamin, and some of the sons of Ephraim and Manasseh: | || Neh 11:4. |
| 1 Chr 9:4 | עוּתַ֨י בֶּן־עַמִּיה֤וּד בֶּן־עָמְרִי֙ בֶּן־אִמְרִ֣י בֶן־*בנימן־**בָּנִ֔י **מִן־בְּנֵי־פֶ֖רֶץ בֶּן־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | Uthai the son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the son of {Q: Bani, one of} [K: Benjamin, one of] the sons of Perez, the son of Judah; | || Neh 11:4. |
| 1 Chr 9:5 | וּמִן־הַשִּׁ֣ילוֹנִ֔י עֲשָׂיָ֥ה הַבְּכ֖וֹר וּבָנָֽיו׃ | and from the Shilonites, Asaiah the firstborn and his sons; | || Neh 11:5. |
| 1 Chr 9:6 | וּמִן־בְּנֵי־זֶ֖רַח יְעוּאֵ֑ל וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת וְתִשְׁעִֽים׃ | and from the sons of Zerah, Jeuel and their brothers – six hundred and ninety of them; | their: plural because Jehuel also stands for his posterity. |
| 1 Chr 9:7 | וּמִן־בְּנֵ֖י בִּנְיָמִ֑ן סַלּוּא֙ בֶּן־מְשֻׁלָּ֔ם בֶּן־הוֹדַוְיָ֖ה בֶּן־הַסְּנֻאָֽה׃ | and from the sons of Benjamin, Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Hodaviah, the son of Hassenuah, |
|| Neh 11:7.
Hassenuah: AV= Hasenuah. |
| 1 Chr 9:8 | וְיִבְנְיָה֙ בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֔ם וְאֵלָ֥ה בֶן־עֻזִּ֖י בֶּן־מִכְרִ֑י וּמְשֻׁלָּם֙ בֶּן־שְׁפַטְיָ֔ה בֶּן־רְעוּאֵ֖ל בֶּן־יִבְנִיָּֽה׃ | and Ibneiah the son of Jeroham, and Elah the son of Uzzi the son of Michri, and Meshullam the son of Shephatiah, the son of Reuel, the son of Ibnijah; | Shephatiah: AV= Shephathiah, mistaking a teth for a tav. |
| 1 Chr 9:9 | וַאֲחֵיהֶם֙ לְתֹ֣לְדוֹתָ֔ם תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֑ה כָּל־אֵ֣לֶּה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים רָאשֵׁ֥י אָב֖וֹת לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | and their brothers according to their genealogies – nine hundred and fifty-six of them. All these were men who were paternal heads over the house of their fathers. | || Neh 11:8. |
| 1 Chr 9:10 | וּמִן־הַֽכֹּהֲנִ֑ים יְדַֽעְיָ֥ה וִיהוֹיָרִ֖יב וְיָכִֽין׃ | And in Jerusalem there lived: from the priests, Jedaiah and Jehoiarib and Jachin, |
|| Neh 11:10.
The ellipsis comes from 1 Chr 9:3. |
| 1 Chr 9:11 | וַעֲזַרְיָ֨ה בֶן־חִלְקִיָּ֜ה בֶּן־מְשֻׁלָּ֣ם בֶּן־צָד֗וֹק בֶּן־מְרָיוֹת֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיט֔וּב נְגִ֖יד בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס | and Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub – the leader in the house of God – |
|| Neh 11:11.
in the house of God ← of the house of God. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 1 Chr 9:12 | וַעֲדָיָה֙ בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֔ם בֶּן־פַּשְׁח֖וּר בֶּן־מַלְכִּיָּ֑ה וּמַעְשַׂ֨י בֶּן־עֲדִיאֵ֧ל בֶּן־יַחְזֵ֛רָה בֶּן־מְשֻׁלָּ֥ם בֶּן־מְשִׁלֵּמִ֖ית בֶּן־אִמֵּֽר׃ | and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah, and Maasai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith, the son of Immer, |
|| Neh 11:12.
Pashhur: see Ezra 2:38. Maasai: AV= Maasiai. Meshillemith: Meshillemoth in Neh 11:13. |
| 1 Chr 9:13 | וַאֲחֵיהֶ֗ם רָאשִׁים֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֶ֕לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וְשִׁשִּׁ֑ים גִּבּ֣וֹרֵי חֵ֔יל מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | and their brothers, heads of their paternal house – one thousand seven hundred and sixty of them – valiant heroes in the execution of the work of the house of God; | |
| 1 Chr 9:14 | וּמִֽן־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם שְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה בֶן־חַשּׁ֛וּב בֶּן־עַזְרִיקָ֥ם בֶּן־חֲשַׁבְיָ֖ה מִן־בְּנֵ֥י מְרָרִֽי׃ | and from the Levites, Shemaiah the son of Hashshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, from the sons of Merari, |
|| Neh 11:15.
Hashshub: AV= Hasshub here, elsewhere Hashub. |
| 1 Chr 9:15 | וּבַקְבַּקַּ֥ר חֶ֖רֶשׁ וְגָלָ֑ל וּמַתַּנְיָה֙ בֶּן־מִיכָ֔א בֶּן־זִכְרִ֖י בֶּן־אָסָֽף׃ | and Bakbakkar, Heresh and Galal and Mattaniah the son of Micah, the son of Zichri, the son of Asaph, | || Neh 11:17. |
| 1 Chr 9:16 | וְעֹבַדְיָה֙ בֶּֽן־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה בֶּן־גָּלָ֖ל בֶּן־יְדוּת֑וּן וּבֶרֶכְיָ֤ה בֶן־אָסָא֙ בֶּן־אֶלְקָנָ֔ה הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחַצְרֵ֥י נְטוֹפָתִֽי׃ | and Obadiah the son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal the son of Jeduthun, and Berechiah the son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, who lived in the villages of the Netophathites; |
|| Neh 11:17.
villages: or courtyards. |
| 1 Chr 9:17 | וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִים֙ שַׁלּ֣וּם וְעַקּ֔וּב וְטַלְמֹ֖ן וַאֲחִימָ֑ן וַאֲחִיהֶ֥ם שַׁלּ֖וּם הָרֹֽאשׁ׃ | and the gatekeepers, Shallum and Akkub and Talmon and Ahiman, and their brother – Shallum being the head – |
brother: this could more naturally be re-pointed to brothers.
|| Neh 11:19. |
| 1 Chr 9:18 | וְֽעַד־הֵ֔נָּה בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מִזְרָ֑חָה הֵ֚מָּה הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים לְמַחֲנ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃ | who are the ones who have been gatekeeping at the king's gate in the east up to now, as companies of the sons of Levi. | companies ← encampments, hosts. |
| 1 Chr 9:19 | וְשַׁלּ֣וּם בֶּן־ק֠וֹרֵא בֶּן־אֶבְיָסָ֨ף בֶּן־קֹ֜רַח וְֽאֶחָ֧יו לְבֵית־אָבִ֣יו הַקָּרְחִ֗ים עַ֚ל מְלֶ֣אכֶת הָעֲבוֹדָ֔ה שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסִּפִּ֖ים לָאֹ֑הֶל וַאֲבֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ עַל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁמְרֵ֖י הַמָּבֽוֹא׃ | And Shallum the son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, and his brothers of his paternal house, the Korhites, were in charge of the execution of the work, they being the doorkeepers of the tent. And their fathers had been in charge of the Lord's precinct as keepers of the entrance. |
Korhites: AV= Korahites, but elsewhere often Korhites.
doorkeepers ← threshold keepers. precinct ← encampment, host. |
| 1 Chr 9:20 | וּפִֽינְחָ֣ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֗ר נָגִ֨יד הָיָ֧ה עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לְפָנִ֖ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And Phinehas the son of Eleazar had been an overseer in charge of them, previously, the Lord being with him. | |
| 1 Chr 9:21 | זְכַרְיָה֙ בֶּ֣ן מְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֔ה שֹׁעֵ֥ר פֶּ֖תַח לְאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ | Zechariah the son of Meshelemiah was gatekeeper at the entrance to the tent of contact. | gatekeeper at ← gatekeeper of. |
| 1 Chr 9:22 | כֻּלָּ֤ם הַבְּרוּרִים֙ לְשֹׁעֲרִ֣ים בַּסִּפִּ֔ים מָאתַ֖יִם וּשְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֑ר הֵ֤מָּה בְחַצְרֵיהֶם֙ הִתְיַחְשָׂ֔ם הֵ֣מָּה יִסַּ֥ד דָּוִ֛יד וּשְׁמוּאֵ֥ל הָרֹאֶ֖ה בֶּאֱמוּנָתָֽם׃ | All of them who were elite in gatekeeping at the thresholds came to two hundred and twelve. Their registration by their genealogy was in their villages. They are whom David and Samuel the seer installed on account of their faithfulness. | villages: or courtyards. |
| 1 Chr 9:23 | וְהֵ֨ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֜ם עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֧ים לְבֵית־יְהוָ֛ה לְבֵ֥ית־הָאֹ֖הֶל לְמִשְׁמָרֽוֹת׃ | And they and their sons were in charge of the gates of the house of the Lord – the house of the tent – in guard shifts. | guard shifts: the word is plural, so not just on guard. |
| 1 Chr 9:24 | לְאַרְבַּ֣ע רוּח֔וֹת יִהְי֖וּ הַשֹּׁעֲרִ֑ים מִזְרָ֥ח יָ֖מָּה צָפ֥וֹנָה וָנֶֽגְבָּה׃ | The gatekeepers were in their four quarters: east, to the west, to the north and to the south. | quarters ← winds. |
| 1 Chr 9:25 | וַאֲחֵיהֶ֨ם בְּחַצְרֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֨וֹא לְשִׁבְעַ֧ת הַיָּמִ֛ים מֵעֵ֥ת אֶל־עֵ֖ת עִם־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And their brothers in their villages were charged to come for seven days from time to time, with these. | villages: or courtyards. |
| 1 Chr 9:26 | כִּ֣י בֶאֱמוּנָ֞ה הֵ֗מָּה אַרְבַּ֙עַת֙ גִּבֹּרֵ֣י הַשֹּׁעֲרִ֔ים הֵ֖ם הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְהָיוּ֙ עַל־הַלְּשָׁכ֔וֹת וְעַ֥ל הָאֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | For it was on account of their faithfulness that they were there – the four valiant gatekeepers. They were Levites, and they were in charge of the office rooms and in charge of the treasuries of the house of God. | |
| 1 Chr 9:27 | וּסְבִיב֥וֹת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יָלִ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת וְהֵ֥ם עַל־הַמַּפְתֵּ֖חַ וְלַבֹּ֥קֶר לַבֹּֽקֶר׃ | And they lodged in the vicinity of the house of God, because the duty of guarding had been committed to them, and they had charge of the key every morning. | |
| 1 Chr 9:28 | וּמֵהֶ֖ם עַל־כְּלֵ֣י הָעֲבוֹדָ֑ה כִּֽי־בְמִסְפָּ֣ר יְבִיא֔וּם וּבְמִסְפָּ֖ר יוֹצִיאֽוּם׃ | And some of them were in charge of the equipment for the service, for they would bring it in with a tally and bring it out with a tally. | |
| 1 Chr 9:29 | וּמֵהֶ֗ם מְמֻנִּים֙ עַל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְעַל־הַסֹּ֙לֶת֙ וְהַיַּ֣יִן וְהַשֶּׁ֔מֶן וְהַלְּבוֹנָ֖ה וְהַבְּשָׂמִֽים׃ | And some of them were appointed over the equipment and over all the holy equipment, and over the fine flour and the wine and the oil and the frankincense and the fragrances. | |
| 1 Chr 9:30 | וּמִן־בְּנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים רֹקְחֵ֥י הַמִּרְקַ֖חַת לַבְּשָׂמִֽים׃ | And some of the sons of the priests were preparers of the ointment for the fragrances. | |
| 1 Chr 9:31 | וּמַתִּתְיָה֙ מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם ה֥וּא הַבְּכ֖וֹר לְשַׁלֻּ֣ם הַקָּרְחִ֑י בֶּאֱמוּנָ֕ה עַ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הַחֲבִתִּֽים׃ | And Mattithiah from the Levites – he was the firstborn of Shallum the Korhite – was faithfully in charge of the work with the pans. | Korhite: AV= Korahite, but elsewhere often Korhite. |
| 1 Chr 9:32 | וּמִן־בְּנֵ֧י הַקְּהָתִ֛י מִן־אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־לֶ֣חֶם הַֽמַּעֲרָ֑כֶת לְהָכִ֖ין שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּֽת׃ ס | And some of the sons of the Kohathites, taken from their brothers, were in charge of the showbread, to prepare it every Sabbath. | Kohathites ← Kehathites, but we retain the AV / traditional English name, which strengthens the connection with Kohath. See Gen 46:11. |
| 1 Chr 9:33 | וְאֵ֣לֶּה הַ֠מְשֹׁרְרִים רָאשֵׁ֨י אָב֧וֹת לַלְוִיִּ֛ם בַּלְּשָׁכֹ֖ת *פטירים **פְּטוּרִ֑ים כִּֽי־יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֛יְלָה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | And these were the singers, paternal heads of the Levites in the annexes; they were there when discharged between shifts, for they were charged with their function day and night. | discharged: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| 1 Chr 9:34 | אֵלֶּה֩ רָאשֵׁ֨י הָאָב֧וֹת לַלְוִיִּ֛ם לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֖ם רָאשִׁ֑ים אֵ֖לֶּה יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | These were the paternal heads of the Levites in their genealogies as heads, and they lived in Jerusalem, | they ← these. |
| 1 Chr 9:35 | וּבְגִבְע֛וֹן יָשְׁב֥וּ אֲבִֽי־גִבְע֖וֹן *יעואל **יְעִיאֵ֑ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מַעֲכָֽה׃ | and the father of Gibeon, {Q: Jeiel} [K: Jeuel], lived in Gibeon, and his wife's name was Maachah, | Jeiel (qeré) ... Jeuel (ketiv): AV differs (Jehiel (qeré)) here, but usually Jeiel elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 9:36 | וּבְנ֥וֹ הַבְּכ֖וֹר עַבְדּ֑וֹן וְצ֣וּר וְקִ֔ישׁ וּבַ֥עַל וְנֵ֖ר וְנָדָֽב׃ | and there was his firstborn son Abdon, and Zur and Kish and Baal and Ner and Nadab, | |
| 1 Chr 9:37 | וּגְד֣וֹר וְאַחְי֔וֹ וּזְכַרְיָ֖ה וּמִקְלֽוֹת׃ | and Gedor and Ahio and Zechariah and Mikloth. | |
| 1 Chr 9:38 | וּמִקְל֖וֹת הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שִׁמְאָ֑ם וְאַף־הֵ֗ם נֶ֧גֶד אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עִם־אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And Mikloth begot Shimam. And they also lived opposite their brothers in Jerusalem, with their brothers. | Shimam ← Shim'am. AV= Shimeam, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 9:39 | וְנֵר֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־קִ֔ישׁ וְקִ֖ישׁ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֗וּל הוֹלִ֤יד אֶת־יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְאֶת־מַלְכִּי־שׁ֔וּעַ וְאֶת־אֲבִינָדָ֖ב וְאֶת־אֶשְׁבָּֽעַל׃ | And Ner begot Kish, and Kish begot Saul, and Saul begot Jonathan and Malchi-Shua and Abinadab and Eshbaal. | || 1 Sam 14:49, 1 Chr 8:33. |
| 1 Chr 9:40 | וּבֶן־יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן מְרִ֣יב בָּ֑עַל וּמְרִי־בַ֖עַל הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מִיכָֽה׃ | And the son of Jonathan was Merib-Baal, and Meri-Baal begot Micah. | Merib-Baal ... Meri-Baal: as the Hebrew. AV differs, aligning to the former and 1 Chr 8:34. |
| 1 Chr 9:41 | וּבְנֵ֖י מִיכָ֑ה פִּית֥וֹן וָמֶ֖לֶךְ וְתַחְרֵֽעַ׃ | And the sons of Micah were Pithon and Melech and Tahrea. | and Tahrea: AV differs, supplying and Ahaz from 1 Chr 8:35. |
| 1 Chr 9:42 | וְאָחָז֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יַעְרָ֔ה וְיַעְרָ֗ה הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־עָלֶ֥מֶת וְאֶת־עַזְמָ֖וֶת וְאֶת־זִמְרִ֑י וְזִמְרִ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־מוֹצָֽא׃ | And Ahaz begot Jarah, and Jarah begot Alemeth and Azmaveth and Zimri, and Zimri begot Moza. | and Ahaz begot: perhaps continue the list in the previous verse and read and Ahaz (who) begot. |
| 1 Chr 9:43 | וּמוֹצָ֖א הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בִּנְעָ֑א וּרְפָיָ֥ה בְנ֛וֹ אֶלְעָשָׂ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אָצֵ֥ל בְּנֽוֹ׃ | And Moza begot Bina and Rephaiah his son, Elasah his son and Azel his son. |
Bina: see 1 Chr 8:37.
Elasah: see 1 Chr 2:39. |
| 1 Chr 9:44 | וּלְאָצֵל֮ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה בָנִים֒ וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֗ם עַזְרִיקָ֥ם ׀ בֹּ֙כְרוּ֙ וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל וּשְׁעַרְיָ֔ה וְעֹבַדְיָ֖ה וְחָנָ֑ן אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י אָצַֽל׃ פ | And Azel had six sons, and these are their names: Azrikam, Bocheru and Ishmael and Sheariah and Obadiah and Hanan. These were Azel's sons. | |
| 1 Chr 10:1 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחֲמ֣וּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֑נָס אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | And the Philistines fought against Israel, and the men of Israel fled from the Philistines, and they fell as casualties on Mount Gilboa. |
|| 1 Sam 31:1.
casualties ← pierced, covering wounded and killed. |
| 1 Chr 10:2 | וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל וְאַחֲרֵ֣י בָנָ֑יו וַיַּכּ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים אֶת־יוֹנָתָ֧ן וְאֶת־אֲבִינָדָ֛ב וְאֶת־מַלְכִּי־שׁ֖וּעַ בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And the Philistines hotly pursued Saul and his sons, and the Philistines struck down Jonathan and Abinadab and Malchi-Shua, Saul's sons. |
|| 1 Sam 31:2.
hotly pursued ← made cleave to, but also followed closely. |
| 1 Chr 10:3 | וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עַל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּמְצָאֻ֖הוּ הַמּוֹרִ֣ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת וַיָּ֖חֶל מִן־הַיּוֹרִֽים׃ | And the war went heavily against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded by the archers. |
|| 1 Sam 31:3.
archers (first occurrence in verse) ← shooters with the bow. was wounded: we parse as ↴ |
| 1 Chr 10:4 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ אֶל־נֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָבֹ֜אוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד ס וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | And Saul said to his arms-bearer, “Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, so that these uncircumcised men do not come and ill-treat me.” But his arms-bearer was not willing to do so, because he was very afraid. So Saul took his sword and fell on it. |
↳ qal future conversive of חיל, literally writhed. More at 1 Sam 31:3.
|| 1 Sam 31:4. |
| 1 Chr 10:5 | וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא־כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם־ה֛וּא עַל־הַחֶ֖רֶב וַיָּמֹֽת׃ ס | Then when his arms-bearer saw that Saul had died, he too fell on his sword and died. | || 1 Sam 31:5. |
| 1 Chr 10:6 | וַיָּ֤מָת שָׁאוּל֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֔יו וְכָל־בֵּית֖וֹ יַחְדָּ֥ו מֵֽתוּ׃ | So Saul and his three sons died, and all his household died together. | || 1 Sam 31:6. |
| 1 Chr 10:7 | וַ֠יִּרְאוּ כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־בָּעֵ֙מֶק֙ כִּ֣י נָ֔סוּ וְכִי־מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ עָרֵיהֶם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽם׃ ס | And when every man of Israel who was in the valley saw that they had fled, and that Saul and his sons had died, they left their cities and fled, and the Philistines came and lived in them. | || 1 Sam 31:7. |
| 1 Chr 10:8 | וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת־הַֽחֲלָלִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | And it came to pass on the next day, when the Philistines came to strip the fallen, that they found Saul and his sons lying fallen at Mount Gilboa. |
|| 1 Sam 31:8.
fallen (first occurrence in verse) ← pierced, covering wounded and killed. fallen (second occurrence in verse) ← falling, but ↴ |
| 1 Chr 10:9 | וַיַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And they stripped him and removed his head, and his weaponry, and they sent messengers into the land of the Philistines round about to bring the good news to their idols and to the people. |
↳ occasionally fallen. See [AnLx].
|| 1 Sam 31:9. |
| 1 Chr 10:10 | וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו בֵּ֖ית אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶת־גֻּלְגָּלְתּ֥וֹ תָקְע֖וּ בֵּ֥ית דָּגֽוֹן׃ ס | And they put his weaponry in the house of their gods, and they mounted his skull in the house of Dagon. |
|| 1 Sam 31:10.
gods: or god. Compare Dan 1:2. |
| 1 Chr 10:11 | וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ כֹּ֖ל יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ | And when all of Jabesh-Gilead heard everything that the Philistines had done to Saul, | || 1 Sam 31:11. |
| 1 Chr 10:12 | וַיָּקוּמוּ֮ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֒ וַיִּשְׂא֞וּ אֶת־גּוּפַ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גּוּפֹ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו וַיְבִיא֖וּם יָבֵ֑ישָׁה וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֶת־עַצְמוֹתֵיהֶ֜ם תַּ֤חַת הָאֵלָה֙ בְּיָבֵ֔שׁ וַיָּצ֖וּמוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | every valiant man arose and removed Saul's corpse and his sons' corpses and brought them to Jabesh, and they buried their bones under the terebinth tree in Jabesh. And they fasted for seven days. |
|| 1 Sam 31:12, 1 Sam 31:13.
corpses ← corpse (one per son) but pointed as plural in 1 Sam 31:12. |
| 1 Chr 10:13 | וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁא֗וּל בְּמַֽעֲלוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָעַ֣ל בַּֽיהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־שָׁמָ֑ר וְגַם־לִשְׁא֥וֹל בָּא֖וֹב לִדְרֽוֹשׁ׃ | So Saul died for his treachery which he committed against the Lord, against the word of the Lord, which he did not keep, and also for consulting with a necromancer to make an inquiry. | |
| 1 Chr 10:14 | וְלֹֽא־דָרַ֥שׁ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וַיַּסֵּב֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה לְדָוִ֖יד בֶּן־יִשָֽׁי׃ פ | But he did not inquire of the Lord, so he killed him, and he directed the kingdom to David the son of Jesse. | |
| 1 Chr 11:1 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֧וּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־דָּוִ֖יד חֶבְר֣וֹנָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֛ה עַצְמְךָ֥ וּֽבְשָׂרְךָ֖ אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃ | And all Israel converged on David, in Hebron, and they said, “Here we are; we are your bone and your flesh. |
|| 2 Sam 5:1.
in Hebron ← to Hebron. here we are ← behold us. your bone and your flesh: the English idiom is your flesh and blood. |
| 1 Chr 11:2 | גַּם־תְּמ֣וֹל גַּם־שִׁלְשׁ֗וֹם גַּ֚ם בִּהְי֣וֹת שָׁא֣וּל מֶ֔לֶךְ אַתָּ֛ה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא וְהַמֵּבִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לְךָ֗ אַתָּ֨ה תִרְעֶ֤ה אֶת־עַמִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאַתָּה֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Throughout the past when Saul was king, it was you who brought Israel out and led it in. And the Lord your God said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will be a leader over my people Israel.’ ” |
|| 2 Sam 5:2.
throughout the past ← both from yesterday and from the day before yesterday. |
| 1 Chr 11:3 | וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ כָּל־זִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ חֶבְר֔וֹנָה וַיִּכְרֹת֩ לָהֶ֨ם דָּוִ֥יד בְּרִ֛ית בְּחֶבְר֖וֹן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּמְשְׁח֨וּ אֶת־דָּוִ֤יד לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־שְׁמוּאֵֽל׃ ס | And all the elders of Israel came to the king in Hebron, and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the Lord, and they anointed David as king over Israel, according to the word of the Lord through the intermediacy of Samuel. |
|| 2 Sam 5:3.
in Hebron ← to Hebron. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 11:4 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ דָּוִ֧יד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם הִ֣יא יְב֑וּס וְשָׁם֙ הַיְבוּסִ֔י יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | And David and the whole of Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus, and the Jebusites were there, inhabiting the land. | || 2 Sam 5:6. |
| 1 Chr 11:5 | וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י יְבוּס֙ לְדָוִ֔יד לֹ֥א תָב֖וֹא הֵ֑נָּה וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד דָּוִיד֙ אֶת־מְצֻדַ֣ת צִיּ֔וֹן הִ֖יא עִ֥יר דָּוִֽיד׃ | And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You shall not come here.” But David captured the stronghold of Zion, which is the City of David. | || 2 Sam 5:6, 2 Sam 5:7. |
| 1 Chr 11:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד כָּל־מַכֵּ֤ה יְבוּסִי֙ בָּרִ֣אשׁוֹנָ֔ה יִהְיֶ֥ה לְרֹ֖אשׁ וּלְשָׂ֑ר וַיַּ֧עַל בָּרִאשׁוֹנָ֛ה יוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֖ה וַיְהִ֥י לְרֹֽאשׁ׃ | And David said, “Whoever strikes a Jebusite first will be a head and a commander.” And Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and he became head. |
|| 2 Sam 5:8.
whoever ← everyone (who). |
| 1 Chr 11:7 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב דָּוִ֖יד בַּמְצָ֑ד עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרְאוּ־ל֖וֹ עִ֥יר דָּוִֽיד׃ | And David resided in the citadel, which is why they called it the City of David. | || 2 Sam 5:9. |
| 1 Chr 11:8 | וַיִּ֤בֶן הָעִיר֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב מִן־הַמִּלּ֖וֹא וְעַד־הַסָּבִ֑יב וְיוֹאָ֕ב יְחַיֶּ֖ה אֶת־שְׁאָ֥ר הָעִֽיר׃ | And he built the city round about, from the Millo to the surrounding area. And Joab fortified the remainder of the city. | || 2 Sam 5:9. |
| 1 Chr 11:9 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖יד הָל֣וֹךְ וְגָד֑וֹל וַיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | And David continued to become greater, and the Lord of hosts was with him. |
|| 2 Sam 5:10.
continued to become greater: infinitive absolute of to go and to be great. |
| 1 Chr 11:10 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֤י הַגִּבּוֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֔יד הַמִּתְחַזְּקִ֨ים עִמּ֧וֹ בְמַלְכוּת֛וֹ עִם־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַמְלִיכ֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And these were the heads of the warriors whom David had, who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom with all Israel, in making him king according to the word of the Lord concerning Israel. | in making him king: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 11:11 | וְאֵ֛לֶּה מִסְפַּ֥ר הַגִּבֹּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑יד יָשָׁבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־חַכְמוֹנִ֗י רֹ֚אשׁ *השלושים **הַשָּׁ֣לִישִׁ֔ים הֽוּא־עוֹרֵ֧ר אֶת־חֲנִית֛וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת חָלָ֖ל בְּפַ֥עַם אֶחָֽת׃ | And these are the number of the warriors whom David had: Jashobam a member of the Hachmonites, a head of {K: thirty} [Q: those of the third rank]. He raised his spear against three hundred who were struck down by him on one occasion. |
|| 2 Sam 23:8.
Jashobam ← Jashob'am. AV= Jashobeam, not recognizing that the middle syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. member ← son. |
| 1 Chr 11:12 | וְאַחֲרָ֛יו אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּן־דּוֹד֖וֹ הָאֲחוֹחִ֑י ה֖וּא בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | And after him came Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite. He was among the three warriors. | || 2 Sam 23:9. |
| 1 Chr 11:13 | הֽוּא־הָיָ֨ה עִם־דָּוִ֜יד בַּפַּ֣ס דַּמִּ֗ים וְהַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ נֶאֱסְפוּ־שָׁ֣ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֛י חֶלְקַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה מְלֵאָ֣ה שְׂעוֹרִ֑ים וְהָעָ֥ם נָ֖סוּ מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | He was with David in Pas-Dammim, where the Philistines had assembled for war, and where there was a parcel of land in the field full of barley, and the people fled from the presence of the Philistines. | || 2 Sam 23:9, 2 Sam 23:11. |
| 1 Chr 11:14 | וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֤וּ בְתוֹךְ־הַחֶלְקָה֙ וַיַּצִּיל֔וּהָ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיּ֥וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֖ה תְּשׁוּעָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ | But they took a stand in the middle of the parcel of land, and they saved it, and they struck the Philistines, and the Lord brought about a great salvation. | || 2 Sam 23:12. |
| 1 Chr 11:15 | וַיֵּרְד֡וּ שְֽׁלוֹשָׁה֩ מִן־הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֨ים רֹ֤אשׁ עַל־הַצֻּר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔יד אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֹנָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ | And three of the thirty heads went down to the rock, to David, to the cave of Adullam, while the Philistines' camp was pitched in the Valley of the Rephaim. |
|| 2 Sam 23:13.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| 1 Chr 11:16 | וְדָוִ֖יד אָ֣ז בַּמְּצוּדָ֑ה וּנְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אָ֖ז בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ | And David was then in the stronghold, whereas the garrison of the Philistines was at that time in Bethlehem. | || 2 Sam 23:14. |
| 1 Chr 11:17 | *ויתאו **וַיִּתְאָ֥יו דָּוִ֖יד וַיֹּאמַ֑ר מִ֚י יַשְׁקֵ֣נִי מַ֔יִם מִבּ֥וֹר בֵּֽית־לֶ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And David had a longing and said, “Who will give me a drink of water from the cistern in Bethlehem, which is at the gate?” |
had a longing: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
|| 2 Sam 23:15. cistern in ← cistern of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 1 Chr 11:18 | וַיִּבְקְע֨וּ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֜ה בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבּ֤וֹר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑יד וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה דָוִיד֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיְנַסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃ | And the three broke through into the Philistines' camp and drew water from the cistern in Bethlehem, which is at the gate, and they carried it, and they brought it to David, but David was not willing to drink it, and he poured it out to the Lord. |
|| 2 Sam 23:16.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Chr 11:19 | וַיֹּ֡אמֶר חָלִילָה֩ לִּ֨י מֵאֱלֹהַ֜י מֵעֲשׂ֣וֹת זֹ֗את הֲדַ֣ם הָאֲנָשִׁים֩ הָאֵ֨לֶּה אֶשְׁתֶּ֤ה בְנַפְשׁוֹתָם֙ כִּ֣י בְנַפְשׁוֹתָ֣ם הֱבִיא֔וּם וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֑ם אֵ֣לֶּה עָשׂ֔וּ שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת הַגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ | And he said, “Far be it from me, O God of mine, that I should do this. Shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives? For they brought it at the risk of their lives.” So he was not willing to drink it. The three warriors did these things. |
|| 2 Sam 23:17.
O God of mine ← from my God. lives (2x) ← souls. |
| 1 Chr 11:20 | וְאַבְשַׁ֣י אֲחִֽי־יוֹאָ֗ב ה֤וּא הָיָה֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל *ולא־**וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלוֹשָֽׁה׃ | And Abishai the brother of Joab was the head of the three, and he raised his spear against three hundred who were struck down by him, and {Q: he had} [K: he did not have] fame among the three. |
On the ketiv, see Ex 21:8.
|| 2 Sam 23:18. Abishai ← Abshai in 1 Chr; frequently Abishai elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 11:21 | מִן־הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֤ה בַשְּׁנַ֙יִם֙ נִכְבָּ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וְעַד־הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה לֹֽא־בָֽא׃ ס | Of the three he was more honoured than the two, and he became their commander, but he did not equal the three. |
|| 2 Sam 23:19.
equal ← come up to. |
| 1 Chr 11:22 | בְּנָיָ֨ה בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע בֶּן־אִֽישׁ־חַ֛יִל רַב־פְּעָלִ֖ים מִֽן־קַבְצְאֵ֑ל ה֣וּא הִכָּ֗ה אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י אֲרִיאֵל֙ מוֹאָ֔ב וְ֠הוּא יָרַ֞ד וְהִכָּ֧ה אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י בְּת֥וֹךְ הַבּ֖וֹר בְּי֥וֹם הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ | There was Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of many exploits, from Kabzeel. He struck down two men of Ariel of Moab, and he went down and struck a lion inside a pit on a snowy day. |
|| 2 Sam 23:20.
Ariel ... a lion: see 2 Sam 23:20. |
| 1 Chr 11:23 | וְהֽוּא־הִכָּה֩ אֶת־הָאִ֨ישׁ הַמִּצְרִ֜י אִ֥ישׁ מִדָּ֣ה ׀ חָמֵ֣שׁ בָּאַמָּ֗ה וּבְיַ֨ד הַמִּצְרִ֤י חֲנִית֙ כִּמְנ֣וֹר אֹרְגִ֔ים וַיֵּ֥רֶד אֵלָ֖יו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִית֙ מִיַּ֣ד הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַיַּהַרְגֵ֖הוּ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃ | And he struck down an Egyptian man, a man of five cubits in height, and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam, and he went down against him with a staff, and he wrenched the spear from the Egyptian's hand and killed him with his spear. |
|| 2 Sam 23:21.
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. a weaver's ← weavers'. |
| 1 Chr 11:24 | אֵ֣לֶּה עָשָׂ֔ה בְּנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ | Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did these things, and he had fame among the three warriors. |
|| 2 Sam 23:22.
did: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 1 Chr 11:25 | מִן־הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֗ים הִנּ֤וֹ נִכְבָּד֙ ה֔וּא וְאֶל־הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה לֹא־בָ֑א וַיְשִׂימֵ֥הוּ דָוִ֖יד עַל־מִשְׁמַעְתּֽוֹ׃ ס | You see how he was the most honoured of the thirty, but he did not equal the three, and David appointed him to his council. |
|| 2 Sam 23:23.
you see how he ← behold him. equal ← come up to. council ← audience; hearing. AV differs somewhat, apparently reading מִשְׁמַרְתּוֹ (guard). |
| 1 Chr 11:26 | וְגִבּוֹרֵ֖י הַחֲיָלִ֑ים עֲשָׂה־אֵל֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב אֶלְחָנָ֥ן בֶּן־דּוֹד֖וֹ מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃ ס | And the valiant warriors were Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo from Bethlehem, |
|| 2 Sam 23:24.
Bethlehem: see Gen 35:19. |
| 1 Chr 11:27 | שַׁמּוֹת֙ הַהֲרוֹרִ֔י חֶ֖לֶץ הַפְּלוֹנִֽי׃ ס | Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, | || 2 Sam 23:25, 2 Sam 23:26. |
| 1 Chr 11:28 | עִירָ֤א בֶן־עִקֵּשׁ֙ הַתְּקוֹעִ֔י אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר הָעֲנְּתוֹתִֽי׃ ס | Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, |
|| 2 Sam 23:26, 2 Sam 23:27.
Anathothite ← Annethothite, in an unmorphological form. AV= Antothite here. See 2 Sam 23:27. |
| 1 Chr 11:29 | סִבְּכַי֙ הַחֻ֣שָׁתִ֔י עִילַ֖י הָאֲחוֹחִֽי׃ ס | Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, | || 2 Sam 23:27, 2 Sam 23:28. |
| 1 Chr 11:30 | מַהְרַי֙ הַנְּטֹ֣פָתִ֔י חֵ֥לֶד בֶּֽן־בַּֽעֲנָ֖ה הַנְּטוֹפָתִֽי׃ ס | Mahrai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, |
|| 2 Sam 23:28, 2 Sam 23:29.
Mahrai: see 2 Sam 23:28. |
| 1 Chr 11:31 | אִיתַ֣י בֶּן־רִיבַ֗י מִגִּבְעַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן ס בְּנָיָ֖ה הַפִּרְעָתֹנִֽי׃ | Ithai the son of Ribai from Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, |
|| 2 Sam 23:29, 2 Sam 23:30.
Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. |
| 1 Chr 11:32 | חוּרַי֙ מִנַּ֣חֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ ס אֲבִיאֵ֖ל הָעַרְבָתִֽי׃ ס | Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, | || 2 Sam 23:30, 2 Sam 23:31. |
| 1 Chr 11:33 | עַזְמָ֙וֶת֙ הַבַּ֣חֲרוּמִ֔י אֶלְיַחְבָּ֖א הַשַּׁעַלְבֹנִֽי׃ ס | Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, | || 2 Sam 23:31, 2 Sam 23:32. |
| 1 Chr 11:34 | בְּנֵ֗י הָשֵׁם֙ הַגִּ֣זוֹנִ֔י יוֹנָתָ֥ן בֶּן־שָׁגֵ֖ה הַהֲרָרִֽי׃ ס | the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shageh the Hararite, |
|| 2 Sam 23:32.
Shageh: AV= Shage, but we wish to avoid rhyme with English cage, page. |
| 1 Chr 11:35 | אֲחִיאָ֧ם בֶּן־שָׂכָ֛ר הַהֲרָרִ֖י אֱלִיפַ֥ל בֶּן־אֽוּר׃ ס | Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, | || 2 Sam 23:33, 2 Sam 23:34. |
| 1 Chr 11:36 | חֵ֚פֶר הַמְּכֵ֣רָתִ֔י אֲחִיָּ֖ה הַפְּלֹנִֽי׃ ס | Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, | |
| 1 Chr 11:37 | חֶצְרוֹ֙ הַֽכַּרְמְלִ֔י נַעֲרַ֖י בֶּן־אֶזְבָּֽי׃ ס | Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, | || 2 Sam 23:35. |
| 1 Chr 11:38 | יוֹאֵל֙ אֲחִ֣י נָתָ֔ן מִבְחָ֖ר בֶּן־הַגְרִֽי׃ ס | Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri, |
|| 2 Sam 23:36.
Hagri: AV= Haggeri, not recognizing that the first syllable is closed. |
| 1 Chr 11:39 | צֶ֖לֶק הָעַמּוֹנִ֑י נַחְרַי֙ הַבֵּ֣רֹתִ֔י נֹשֵׂ֕א כְּלֵ֖י יוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָֽה׃ ס | Zelek the Ammonite, Nahrai the Berothite, the arms-bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, |
|| 2 Sam 23:37.
Nahrai: AV= Naharai. See 2 Sam 23:37. |
| 1 Chr 11:40 | עִירָא֙ הַיִּתְרִ֔י גָּרֵ֖ב הַיִּתְרִֽי׃ ס | Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, | || 2 Sam 23:38. |
| 1 Chr 11:41 | אֽוּרִיָּה֙ הַחִתִּ֔י זָבָ֖ד בֶּן־אַחְלָֽי׃ ס | Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, | || 2 Sam 23:39. |
| 1 Chr 11:42 | עֲדִינָ֨א בֶן־שִׁיזָ֜א הָרֽאוּבֵנִ֗י רֹ֛אשׁ לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְעָלָ֥יו שְׁלוֹשִֽׁים׃ ס | Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a head of the Reubenites, with thirty alongside him, | |
| 1 Chr 11:43 | חָנָן֙ בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָ֔ה וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס | Hanan the son of Maachah and Joshaphat the Mithnite, | |
| 1 Chr 11:44 | עֻזִיָּ֖א הָעֲשְׁתְּרָתִ֑י שָׁמָע֙ *ויעואל **וִֽיעִיאֵ֔ל ס בְּנֵ֖י חוֹתָ֥ם הָעֲרֹעֵרִֽי׃ ס | Uzia the Ashterathite, Shama and {Q: Jeiel} [K: Jeuel] the sons of Hotham the Aroerite, |
Jeiel (qeré) ... Jeuel (ketiv): AV differs (Jehiel) (qeré) here, but usually Jeiel elsewhere.
Uzia: AV= Uzzia, which one would expect from the consonantal text (root עזז). Hotham: AV differs (Hothan). |
| 1 Chr 11:45 | יְדִֽיעֲאֵל֙ בֶּן־שִׁמְרִ֔י וְיֹחָ֥א אָחִ֖יו הַתִּיצִֽי׃ ס | Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother the Tizite, | |
| 1 Chr 11:46 | אֱלִיאֵל֙ הַֽמַּחֲוִ֔ים וִירִיבַ֥י וְיוֹשַׁוְיָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י אֶלְנָ֑עַם וְיִתְמָ֖ה הַמּוֹאָבִֽי׃ | Eliel of the Mahavites and Jeribai and Joshaviah the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, | |
| 1 Chr 11:47 | אֱלִיאֵ֣ל וְעוֹבֵ֔ד וְיַעֲשִׂיאֵ֖ל הַמְּצֹבָיָֽה׃ פ | Eliel and Obed, and Jasiel the Mezobaite. | Mezobaite: AV= Mesobaite. |
| 1 Chr 12:1 | וְאֵ֗לֶּה הַבָּאִ֤ים אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ לְצִ֣יקְלַ֔ג ע֣וֹד עָצ֔וּר מִפְּנֵ֖י שָׁא֣וּל בֶּן־קִ֑ישׁ וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים עֹזְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And these were those who came to David in Ziklag while he was still being constrained because of Saul the son of Kish, and they were among the warriors who were helpers in the war, |
in Ziklag ← to Zikelag, in scriptio plena spelling. See 1 Chr 4:30.
helpers in ← helpers of. |
| 1 Chr 12:2 | נֹ֣שְׁקֵי קֶ֗שֶׁת מַיְמִינִ֤ים וּמַשְׂמִאלִים֙ בָּֽאֲבָנִ֔ים וּבַחִצִּ֖ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת מֵאֲחֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל מִבִּנְיָמִֽן׃ | armed with a bow, right and left handed with stones, and arrows from the bow, from Saul's brothers, from Benjamin. | |
| 1 Chr 12:3 | הָרֹ֨אשׁ אֲחִיעֶ֜זֶר וְיוֹאָ֗שׁ בְּנֵי֙ הַשְּׁמָעָ֣ה הַגִּבְעָתִ֔י *ויזואל **וִיזִיאֵ֥ל וָפֶ֖לֶט בְּנֵ֣י עַזְמָ֑וֶת וּבְרָכָ֕ה וְיֵה֖וּא הָעֲנְּתֹתִֽי׃ | The head was Ahiezer, as were Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite, and {Q: Jeziel} [K: Jezuel] and Pelet the sons of Azmaveth, and Berachah, and Jehu the Anathothite, |
Shemaah ← the Shemaah.
Anathothite ← Annethothite, in an unmorphological form. AV= Antothite here. See 2 Sam 23:27. |
| 1 Chr 12:4 | וְיִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה הַגִּבְעוֹנִ֛י גִּבּ֥וֹר בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ | and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a warrior among thirty, and in charge of the thirty, | Ishmaiah: AV= Ismaiah. AV's transliteration rules could have given Jishmaiah. |
| 1 Chr 12:5 1 Chr 12:4AV |
וְיִרְמְיָ֤ה וְיַחֲזִיאֵל֙ וְי֣וֹחָנָ֔ן וְיוֹזָבָ֖ד הַגְּדֵרָתִֽי׃ | and Jeremiah and Jahaziel and Johanan and Jozabad the Gederathite, | Jozabad ← Josabad. |
| 1 Chr 12:6 1 Chr 12:5AV |
אֶלְעוּזַ֤י וִירִימוֹת֙ וּבְעַלְיָ֣ה וּשְׁמַרְיָ֔הוּ וּשְׁפַטְיָ֖הוּ *החריפי **הַחֲרוּפִֽי׃ | Eluzai and Jerimoth and Bealiah and Shemariah and Shephatiah the {Q: Haruphite} [K: Hariphite], | |
| 1 Chr 12:7 1 Chr 12:6AV |
אֶלְקָנָ֡ה וְ֠יִשִּׁיָּהוּ וַעֲזַרְאֵ֧ל וְיוֹעֶ֛זֶר וְיָשָׁבְעָ֖ם הַקָּרְחִֽים׃ | Elkanah and Jishshiah and Azarel and Joezer and Jashobam, the Korhites, |
Jishshiah: AV= Jesiah.
Azarel: see Ezra 10:41. Jashobam: see 1 Chr 11:11. |
| 1 Chr 12:8 1 Chr 12:7AV |
וְיוֹעֵאלָ֧ה וּזְבַדְיָ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י יְרֹחָ֖ם מִן־הַגְּדֽוֹר׃ | and Joelah and Zebadiah the sons of Jeroham from Gedor. | Gedor ← the Gedor. |
| 1 Chr 12:9 1 Chr 12:8AV |
וּמִן־הַגָּדִ֡י נִבְדְּל֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִיד֩ לַמְצַ֨ד מִדְבָּ֜רָה גִּבֹּרֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל אַנְשֵׁ֤י צָבָא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עֹרְכֵ֥י צִנָּ֖ה וָרֹ֑מַח וּפְנֵ֤י אַרְיֵה֙ פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְכִצְבָאיִ֥ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֖ים לְמַהֵֽר׃ ס | And from the Gadites men detached themselves to David in the fortification in the desert, men who were valiant warriors, men of the army of warfare, handling shield and spear, whose faces were like a lion's face, and who were like gazelles on the mountain in speed: | |
| 1 Chr 12:10 1 Chr 12:9AV |
עֵ֖זֶר הָרֹ֑אשׁ עֹבַדְיָה֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֱלִיאָ֖ב הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁי׃ | Ezer the head, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, | head ← first. |
| 1 Chr 12:11 1 Chr 12:10AV |
מִשְׁמַנָּה֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י יִרְמְיָ֖ה הַחֲמִשִֽׁי׃ | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, | |
| 1 Chr 12:12 1 Chr 12:11AV |
עַתַּי֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י אֱלִיאֵ֖ל הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, | |
| 1 Chr 12:13 1 Chr 12:12AV |
יֽוֹחָנָן֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י אֶלְזָבָ֖ד הַתְּשִׁיעִֽי׃ | Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, | |
| 1 Chr 12:14 1 Chr 12:13AV |
יִרְמְיָ֙הוּ֙ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔י ס מַכְבַּנַּ֖י עַשְׁתֵּ֥י עָשָֽׂר׃ | Jeremiah the tenth, Machbannai the eleventh. | Machbannai: AV= Machbanai. |
| 1 Chr 12:15 1 Chr 12:14AV |
אֵ֥לֶּה מִבְּנֵי־גָ֖ד רָאשֵׁ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א אֶחָ֤ד לְמֵאָה֙ הַקָּטָ֔ן וְהַגָּד֖וֹל לְאָֽלֶף׃ | These, who were of the sons of Gad, were heads of the army – a junior one over a hundred and a senior one over a thousand. | |
| 1 Chr 12:16 1 Chr 12:15AV |
אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֤וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן וְה֥וּא מְמַלֵּ֖א עַל־כָּל־*גדיתיו **גְּדוֹתָ֑יו וַיַּבְרִ֙יחוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲמָקִ֔ים לַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְלַֽמַּעֲרָֽב׃ ס | These are they who crossed the Jordan in the first month, when it flooded all its banks, and they put all the inhabitants of the valleys to flight eastwards and westwards. |
banks: the ketiv is a variant form of the qeré.
flooded ← filled over. |
| 1 Chr 12:17 1 Chr 12:16AV |
וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ מִן־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַד־לַמְצָ֖ד לְדָוִֽיד׃ | And some of the sons of Benjamin and Judah came up to David's fortification. | |
| 1 Chr 12:18 1 Chr 12:17AV |
וַיֵּצֵ֣א דָוִיד֮ לִפְנֵיהֶם֒ וַיַּ֙עַן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אִם־לְשָׁל֞וֹם בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נִי יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם לֵבָ֖ב לְיָ֑חַד וְאִֽם־לְרַמּוֹתַ֣נִי לְצָרַ֗י בְּלֹ֤א חָמָס֙ בְּכַפַּ֔י יֵ֛רֶא אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ וְיוֹכַֽח׃ ס | And David went out to confront them, and he addressed them and said to them, “If you have come to me in peace to assist me, my heart will be united with you, but if you have come to betray me to my adversaries – with there being no violence on my part – may the God of my fathers see it and convict it.” |
to confront them ← before them.
addressed ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Gen 18:27, Gen 31:36. my heart will be united with you ← I will have on you a heart of union. Compare Heb 4:2. on my part ← in my hands. |
| 1 Chr 12:19 1 Chr 12:18AV |
וְר֣וּחַ לָבְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־עֲמָשַׂי֮ רֹ֣אשׁ *השלושים **הַשָּׁלִישִׁים֒ לְךָ֤ דָוִיד֙ וְעִמְּךָ֣ בֶן־יִשַׁ֔י שָׁל֨וֹם ׀ שָׁל֜וֹם לְךָ֗ וְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְעֹ֣זְרֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י עֲזָרְךָ֖ אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וַיְקַבְּלֵ֣ם דָּוִ֔יד וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּרָאשֵׁ֥י הַגְּדֽוּד׃ פ |
Then a spirit invested Amasai, a head of {K: thirty} [Q: those of the third rank], and it said,
“We are for you, David, And with you, son of Jesse. Peace, peace be to you, And peace to your helpers, For your God has helped you.” Then David accepted them and appointed them among the heads of the troop. |
|
| 1 Chr 12:20 1 Chr 12:19AV |
וּמִֽמְּנַשֶּׁ֞ה נָפְל֣וּ עַל־דָּוִ֗יד בְּבֹא֨וֹ עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֧ים עַל־שָׁא֛וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א עֲזָרֻ֑ם כִּ֣י בְעֵצָ֗ה שִׁלְּחֻ֜הוּ סַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּרָאשֵׁ֕ינוּ יִפּ֖וֹל אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֥יו שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And some men of Manasseh defected to David when he came with Philistines against Saul in the war, but they did not help them, for the barons of the Philistines sent him away by counsel and said, “He will defect to his master Saul at the cost of our heads.” |
defected ... defect ← fell ... fall.
they did not help them: i.e. David and his men did not help the Philistines. See 1 Sam 28:1, 1 Sam 28:2; 1 Sam 29:3, 1 Sam 29:4 etc. |
| 1 Chr 12:21 1 Chr 12:20AV |
בְּלֶכְתּ֣וֹ אֶל־צִֽיקְלַ֗ג נָפְל֣וּ עָלָ֣יו ׀ מִֽמְּנַשֶּׁ֡ה עַ֠דְנַח וְיוֹזָבָ֤ד וִידִֽיעֲאֵל֙ וּמִיכָאֵ֣ל וְיוֹזָבָ֔ד וֶאֱלִיה֖וּא וְצִלְּתָ֑י רָאשֵׁ֥י הָאֲלָפִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ | When he went to Ziklag, these defected to him from Manasseh: Adnah and Jozabad and Jediael and Michael and Jozabad and Elihu and Zillethai – heads of thousands who were from Manasseh. |
Ziklag ← Zikelag, in scriptio plena spelling. See 1 Chr 4:30.
Zillethai: AV= Zilthai. |
| 1 Chr 12:22 1 Chr 12:21AV |
וְהֵ֗מָּה עָזְר֤וּ עִם־דָּוִיד֙ עַֽל־הַגְּד֔וּד כִּֽי־גִבּ֥וֹרֵי חַ֖יִל כֻּלָּ֑ם וַיִּהְי֥וּ שָׂרִ֖ים בַּצָּבָֽא׃ | And they helped David against the hostile troop, for they were all valiant warriors, and they became commanders in the army. | helped ← helped with. Unusual prepositional linkage for an English direct object (dative in modern Hebrew (ל), NT Greek, German, Russian etc.). |
| 1 Chr 12:23 1 Chr 12:22AV |
כִּ֚י לְעֶת־י֣וֹם בְּי֔וֹם יָבֹ֥אוּ עַל־דָּוִ֖יד לְעָזְר֑וֹ עַד־לְמַחֲנֶ֥ה גָד֖וֹל כְּמַחֲנֵ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | For at that time day by day they would come to David to help him until it became a great camp, like a camp of God. | like a camp of God: perhaps an idiom for as a mighty camp; compare Gen 23:6. |
| 1 Chr 12:24 1 Chr 12:23AV |
וְ֠אֵלֶּה מִסְפְּרֵ֞י רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽחָלוּץ֙ לַצָּבָ֔א בָּ֥אוּ עַל־דָּוִ֖יד חֶבְר֑וֹנָה לְהָסֵ֞ב מַלְכ֥וּת שָׁא֛וּל אֵלָ֖יו כְּפִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And these are the numbers of the heads of the army's armed soldiery. They came to David in Hebron to direct Saul's kingdom to him, according to the pronouncement of the Lord: |
in Hebron ← to Hebron.
pronouncement ← mouth. |
| 1 Chr 12:25 1 Chr 12:24AV |
בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה נֹשְׂאֵ֥י צִנָּ֖ה וָרֹ֑מַח שֵׁ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים וּשְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת חֲלוּצֵ֥י צָבָֽא׃ ס | the sons of Judah who bore a shield and spear, six thousand eight hundred armed soldiers; | armed soldiers ← armed (ones) of the army. |
| 1 Chr 12:26 1 Chr 12:25AV |
מִן־בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֗וֹן גִּבּ֤וֹרֵי חַ֙יִל֙ לַצָּבָ֔א שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּמֵאָֽה׃ ס | from the sons of Simeon, valiant warriors in the army, seven thousand one hundred; | |
| 1 Chr 12:27 1 Chr 12:26AV |
מִן־בְּנֵי֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | from the sons of Levi, four thousand six hundred; | |
| 1 Chr 12:28 1 Chr 12:27AV |
וִיהוֹיָדָ֖ע הַנָּגִ֣יד לְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וְעִמּ֕וֹ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | and Jehoiada the leader of the sons of Aaron, and with him three thousand seven hundred men; | |
| 1 Chr 12:29 1 Chr 12:28AV |
וְצָד֥וֹק נַ֖עַר גִּבּ֣וֹר חָ֑יִל וּבֵית־אָבִ֥יו שָׂרִ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ ס | and Zadok, a lad, a valiant warrior; and his paternal house, twenty-two commanders; | |
| 1 Chr 12:30 1 Chr 12:29AV |
וּמִן־בְּנֵ֧י בִנְיָמִ֛ן אֲחֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַד־הֵ֙נָּה֙ מַרְבִּיתָ֔ם שֹׁמְרִ֕ים מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת בֵּ֥ית שָׁאֽוּל׃ ס | and from the sons of Benjamin, Saul's kin, three thousand – up to this point the majority of them having been guards in the guard duty of Saul's house; | kin ← brothers. |
| 1 Chr 12:31 1 Chr 12:30AV |
וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁמוֹנֶ֣ה מֵא֑וֹת גִּבּ֣וֹרֵי חַ֔יִל אַנְשֵׁ֥י שֵׁמ֖וֹת לְבֵ֥ית אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ ס | and from the sons of Ephraim, twenty thousand eight hundred valiant warriors, men of fame of their paternal house; | |
| 1 Chr 12:32 1 Chr 12:31AV |
וּמֵחֲצִי֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִקְּבוּ֙ בְּשֵׁמ֔וֹת לָב֖וֹא לְהַמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־דָּוִֽיד׃ ס | and from half of the tribe of Manasseh, eighteen thousand men who were specified by name to go and make David king; |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh, in view of 1 Chr 12:38 (1 Chr 12:37AV), where the other half is accounted for.
name ← names. |
| 1 Chr 12:33 1 Chr 12:32AV |
וּמִבְּנֵ֣י יִשָּׂשכָ֗ר יוֹדְעֵ֤י בִינָה֙ לַֽעִתִּ֔ים לָדַ֖עַת מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רָאשֵׁיהֶ֣ם מָאתַ֔יִם וְכָל־אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּיהֶֽם׃ ס | and from the sons of Issachar, who were knowledgeable in timely tactics, so as to know what Israel should do, their heads who were two hundred in number and all of whose brothers were at their command; |
knowledgeable in timely tactics ← knowing intelligence for times.
command ← mouth. |
| 1 Chr 12:34 1 Chr 12:33AV |
מִזְּבֻל֞וּן יוֹצְאֵ֣י צָבָ֗א עֹרְכֵ֧י מִלְחָמָ֛ה בְּכָל־כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אָ֑לֶף וְלַעֲדֹ֖ר בְּלֹא־לֵ֥ב וָלֵֽב׃ ס | from Zebulun, those who went out in the army, equipped for war with every weapon of war, fifty thousand men, fit to take up position without wavering; | without wavering ← with no heart and heart. |
| 1 Chr 12:35 1 Chr 12:34AV |
וּמִנַּפְתָּלִ֖י שָׂרִ֣ים אָ֑לֶף וְעִמָּהֶם֙ בְּצִנָּ֣ה וַחֲנִ֔ית שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | and from Naphtali, a thousand commanders, and with them, with shield and spear, thirty-seven thousand; | |
| 1 Chr 12:36 1 Chr 12:35AV |
וּמִן־הַדָּנִי֙ עֹרְכֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֔ה עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁמוֹנָ֥ה אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ ס | and from the Danites, those equipped for war, twenty-eight thousand six hundred; | |
| 1 Chr 12:37 1 Chr 12:36AV |
וּמֵאָשֵׁ֗ר יוֹצְאֵ֥י צָבָ֛א לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ מִלְחָמָ֖ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אָֽלֶף׃ ס | and from Asher, those who went out in the army, equipped for war, forty thousand; | equipped ← to equip. |
| 1 Chr 12:38 1 Chr 12:37AV |
וּמֵעֵ֣בֶר לַ֠יַּרְדֵּן מִן־הָראוּבֵנִ֨י וְהַגָּדִ֜י וַחֲצִ֣י ׀ שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה בְּכֹל֙ כְּלֵי֙ צְבָ֣א מִלְחָמָ֔ה מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ | and from the other side of the Jordan, from the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, with all weaponry of the army of warfare, one hundred and twenty thousand. | half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended. |
| 1 Chr 12:39 1 Chr 12:38AV |
כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה אַנְשֵׁ֣י מִלְחָמָה֮ עֹדְרֵ֣י מַעֲרָכָה֒ בְּלֵבָ֤ב שָׁלֵם֙ בָּ֣אוּ חֶבְר֔וֹנָה לְהַמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־דָּוִ֖יד עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְ֠גַם כָּל־שֵׁרִ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לֵ֥ב אֶחָ֖ד לְהַמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־דָּוִֽיד׃ | All these warfaring men, who took up position in battle formation, went wholeheartedly to Hebron to make David king over all Israel, and also all the rest of Israel was unanimous in making David king. |
unanimous ← one heart.
in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 12:40 1 Chr 12:39AV |
וַיִּהְיוּ־שָׁ֤ם עִם־דָּוִיד֙ יָמִ֣ים שְׁלוֹשָׁ֔ה אֹכְלִ֖ים וְשׁוֹתִ֑ים כִּֽי־הֵכִ֥ינוּ לָהֶ֖ם אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they were there with David for three days, eating and drinking, for their brothers had prepared it for them. | |
| 1 Chr 12:41 1 Chr 12:40AV |
וְגַ֣ם הַקְּרֽוֹבִים־אֲ֠לֵיהֶם עַד־יִשָׂשכָ֨ר וּזְבֻל֜וּן וְנַפְתָּלִ֗י מְבִיאִ֣ים לֶ֡חֶם בַּחֲמוֹרִ֣ים וּבַגְּמַלִּ֣ים וּבַפְּרָדִ֣ים ׀ וּֽבַבָּקָ֡ר מַאֲכָ֡ל קֶ֠מַח דְּבֵלִ֨ים וְצִמּוּקִ֧ים וְיַֽיִן־וְשֶׁ֛מֶן וּבָקָ֥ר וְצֹ֖אן לָרֹ֑ב כִּ֥י שִׂמְחָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And also those who were related to them – to Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali – brought bread on donkeys and on camels and on mules and on oxen: food, flour, pressed fig cake, raisin cake, wine and oil, and oxen and small cattle in abundance, for there was joy in Israel. | bread: standing for food in general. See 1 Sam 28:22-24. |
| 1 Chr 13:1 | וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ דָּוִ֗יד עִם־שָׂרֵ֧י הָאֲלָפִ֛ים וְהַמֵּא֖וֹת לְכָל־נָגִֽיד׃ | And David took counsel with the commanders of a thousand and of a hundred and with every leader, | |
| 1 Chr 13:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לְכֹ֣ל ׀ קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אִם־עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם ט֜וֹב וּמִן־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ נִפְרְצָה֙ נִשְׁלְחָ֞ה עַל־אַחֵ֣ינוּ הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֗ים בְּכֹל֙ אַרְצ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעִמָּהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֖ם בְּעָרֵ֣י מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם וְיִקָּבְצ֖וּ אֵלֵֽינוּ׃ | and David said to the whole convocation of Israel, “If it is right in your opinion and if it is from the Lord our God, let us spread out and send companies to our brothers who remain in all the lands of Israel, and let us send with them the priests and the Levites into the cities of their pasture lands, so that they gather themselves to us. |
in your opinion ← at you.
the priests: AV differs (to the priests). into ← in. |
| 1 Chr 13:3 | וְנָסֵ֛בָּה אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֵלֵ֑ינוּ כִּי־לֹ֥א דְרַשְׁנֻ֖הוּ בִּימֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃ | And let us recover to the ark of our God, because we did not inquire with it in Saul's days.” | recover ← turn ... round to ourselves. |
| 1 Chr 13:4 | וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֖ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֑ן כִּֽי־יָשַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָֽם׃ | And the whole convocation agreed to do this, for the matter was right in the eyes of all the people. |
agreed ← said.
this ← thus. |
| 1 Chr 13:5 | וַיַּקְהֵ֤ל דָּוִיד֙ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִן־שִׁיח֥וֹר מִצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־לְב֣וֹא חֲמָ֑ת לְהָבִיא֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִקִּרְיַ֖ת יְעָרִֽים׃ | Then David convened the whole of Israel from Shihor in Egypt to the approach to Hamath, to bring the ark of God from Kiriath-Jearim. |
|| 2 Sam 6:1.
in Egypt ← of Egypt. the approach to Hamath: or, with [LHG], Lebo-hamath. Compare 1 Ki 8:65. Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| 1 Chr 13:6 | וַיַּ֨עַל דָּוִ֤יד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּעֲלָ֔תָה אֶל־קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִיהוּדָ֑ה לְהַעֲל֣וֹת מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵת֩ אֲר֨וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ יְהוָ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הַכְּרוּבִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָ֥א שֵֽׁם׃ | And David and all Israel went up to Baalah, to Kiriath-Jearim, which belongs to Judah, so as to bring up from there the ark of God – of the Lord, who resides between the cherubim – where his name is called on. |
|| 2 Sam 6:2.
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| 1 Chr 13:7 | וַיַּרְכִּ֜יבוּ אֶת־אֲר֤וֹן הָאֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־עֲגָלָ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה מִבֵּ֖ית אֲבִינָדָ֑ב וְעֻזָּ֣א וְאַחְי֔וֹ נֹהֲגִ֖ים בָּעֲגָלָֽה׃ | And they loaded the ark of God onto a new wagon obtained from the house of Abinadab, and Uzza and Ahio were driving the wagon. |
|| 2 Sam 6:3.
loaded ← mounted. Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:8. |
| 1 Chr 13:8 | וְדָוִ֣יד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מְשַׂחֲקִ֛ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּכָל־עֹ֑ז וּבְשִׁירִ֤ים וּבְכִנֹּרוֹת֙ וּבִנְבָלִ֣ים וּבְתֻפִּ֔ים וּבִמְצִלְתַּ֖יִם וּבַחֲצֹצְרֽוֹת׃ | Now David and all Israel were playing music before God with all their strength, both with singing and on harps and on lutes, and with drums and with cymbals, and with trumpets, | || 2 Sam 6:5. |
| 1 Chr 13:9 | וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־גֹּ֣רֶן כִּידֹ֑ן וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח עֻזָּ֜א אֶת־יָד֗וֹ לֶאֱחֹז֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָר֔וֹן כִּ֥י שָֽׁמְט֖וּ הַבָּקָֽר׃ | when they came to Chidon's threshing floor, and Uzza stretched out his hand to hold the ark, because the oxen were destabilizing it. |
|| 2 Sam 6:6.
Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:8. |
| 1 Chr 13:10 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּעֻזָּ֔א וַיַּכֵּ֕הוּ עַ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יָד֖וֹ עַל־הָאָר֑וֹן וַיָּ֥מָת שָׁ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | At this the anger of the Lord was kindled against Uzza, and he struck him down because he had stretched out his hand on the ark, and he died there before God. |
|| 2 Sam 6:7.
at this: wider use of the vav. Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:8. |
| 1 Chr 13:11 | וַיִּ֣חַר לְדָוִ֔יד כִּֽי־פָרַ֧ץ יְהוָ֛ה פֶּ֖רֶץ בְּעֻזָּ֑א וַיִּקְרָ֞א לַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ פֶּ֣רֶץ עֻזָּ֔א עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And it grieved David that the Lord had burst out against Uzza, and he called that place Perez-Uzza, as it is up to this day. |
|| 2 Sam 6:8.
grieved: or infuriated. had burst out ← had burst a burst. Uzza ... Perez-Uzza: see 2 Sam 6:8. |
| 1 Chr 13:12 | וַיִּירָ֤א דָוִיד֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵ֚יךְ אָבִ֣יא אֵלַ֔י אֵ֖ת אֲר֥וֹן הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And David feared God* on that day, and he said, “How will I have the ark of God* brought to me?” |
God* (2x): [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but ↴
|| 2 Sam 6:9. have ... brought ← bring. |
| 1 Chr 13:13 | וְלֹֽא־הֵסִ֨יר דָּוִ֧יד אֶת־הָאָר֛וֹן אֵלָ֖יו אֶל־עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיַּטֵּ֕הוּ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית עֹבֵֽד־אֱדֹ֖ם הַגִּתִּֽי׃ | So David did not have the ark brought to him in the City of David, and he had it diverted to the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. |
↳ this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| 2 Sam 6:10. |
| 1 Chr 13:14 | וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ אֲר֨וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים עִם־בֵּ֨ית עֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֛ם בְּבֵית֖וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית עֹבֵֽד־אֱדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ פ | So the ark of God remained with the house of Obed-Edom, in his house for three months, and the Lord blessed the house of Obed-Edom and all who belonged to him. | || 2 Sam 6:11. |
| 1 Chr 14:1 | וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח *חירם **חוּרָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צֹ֥ר מַלְאָכִים֮ אֶל־דָּוִיד֒ וַעֲצֵ֣י אֲרָזִ֔ים וְחָרָשֵׁ֣י קִ֔יר וְחָרָשֵׁ֖י עֵצִ֑ים לִבְנ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ בָּֽיִת׃ | And {Q: Huram} [K: Hiram] king of Tyre sent envoys to David, and cedar wood and wall masons and carpenters, to build him a house. |
The qeré is surprising, because 2 Sam 5:11 and 1 Kings have Hiram, the ketiv here. But in Chronicles, he is mainly Huram.
|| 2 Sam 5:11. wall masons ← artificers of walls. |
| 1 Chr 14:2 | וַיֵּ֣דַע דָּוִ֔יד כִּֽי־הֱכִינ֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־נִשֵּׂ֤את לְמַ֙עְלָה֙ מַלְכוּת֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And David knew that the Lord had established him as king over Israel, because his kingdom was highly exalted, for the sake of his people Israel. |
|| 2 Sam 5:12.
highly exalted ← exalted upwards. |
| 1 Chr 14:3 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח דָּוִ֥יד ע֛וֹד נָשִׁ֖ים בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיּ֧וֹלֶד דָּוִ֛יד ע֖וֹד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | And David took some more wives in Jerusalem, and David begot more sons and daughters. | || 2 Sam 5:13. |
| 1 Chr 14:4 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת הַיְלוּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיוּ־ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם שַׁמּ֣וּעַ וְשׁוֹבָ֔ב נָתָ֖ן וּשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And these are the names of those born, whom he had in Jerusalem: Shammua and Shobab, Nathan and Solomon, | || 2 Sam 5:14, 1 Chr 3:5. |
| 1 Chr 14:5 | וְיִבְחָ֥ר וֶאֱלִישׁ֖וּעַ וְאֶלְפָּֽלֶט׃ | and Ibhar and Elishua and Elpelet, |
|| 2 Sam 5:15, 1 Chr 3:6.
Elpelet: AV= Elpalet, the pausal form. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 14:6 | וְנֹ֥גַהּ וְנֶ֖פֶג וְיָפִֽיעַ׃ | and Nogah and Nepheg and Japhia, | || 2 Sam 5:15, 1 Chr 3:7. |
| 1 Chr 14:7 | וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֥ע וּבְעֶלְיָדָ֖ע וֶאֱלִיפָֽלֶט׃ | and Elishama and Beeliada and Eliphelet. |
|| 2 Sam 5:16, 1 Chr 3:8.
Eliphelet: AV= Eliphalet, the pausal form, here and 2 Sam 5:16, but elsewhere Eliphelet. See Gen 4:2. |
| 1 Chr 14:8 | וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּי־נִמְשַׁ֨ח דָּוִ֤יד לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ כָל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִ֔יד וַיֵּצֵ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And when the Philistines heard that David had been anointed as king over all Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David, but David heard about it, and he went out to confront them. |
|| 2 Sam 5:17.
to seek: here in a hostile sense, as in 1 Sam 26:2. to confront them ← before them. |
| 1 Chr 14:9 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בָּ֑אוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃ | And the Philistines came and spread themselves out in the Valley of the Rephaim. |
|| 2 Sam 5:18.
Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. |
| 1 Chr 14:10 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤יד בֵּאלֹהִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙ עַל־*פלשתיים **פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּנְתַתָּ֖ם בְּיָדִ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵ֔ה וּנְתַתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | And David asked God* and said, “Should I go up against the Philistines, and will you deliver them into my hand?” And the Lord said to him, “Go up, and I will deliver them into your hand.” |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
Philistines: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word. || 2 Sam 5:19. |
| 1 Chr 14:11 | וַיַּעֲל֥וּ בְּבַֽעַל־פְּרָצִים֮ וַיַּכֵּ֣ם שָׁ֣ם דָּוִיד֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד פָּרַ֨ץ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֧ים אֶת־אוֹיְבַ֛י בְּיָדִ֖י כְּפֶ֣רֶץ מָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָֽרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בַּ֥עַל פְּרָצִֽים׃ | So they went up to Baal-Perazim, and David struck them there. And David said, “God* has dispersed my enemies by means of myself, like an outpouring of water”, which is why they called that place Baal-Perazim. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| 2 Sam 5:20. by means of myself ← by my hand. |
| 1 Chr 14:12 | וַיַּעַזְבוּ־שָׁ֖ם אֶת־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד וַיִּשָּׂרְפ֖וּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ פ | And they abandoned their gods there, and David gave the commandment that they were to be burned with fire. |
|| 2 Sam 5:21.
gave the commandment ← said, but also commanded. Compare Dan 1:3. |
| 1 Chr 14:13 | וַיֹּסִ֤יפוּ עוֹד֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ בָּעֵֽמֶק׃ | But the Philistines spread themselves out again in the valley. | || 2 Sam 5:22. |
| 1 Chr 14:14 | וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל ע֤וֹד דָּוִיד֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹ֥א תַֽעֲלֶ֖ה אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם הָסֵב֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּבָ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם מִמּ֥וּל הַבְּכָאִֽים׃ | And David inquired of God* again, and God* said to him, “You shall not go up after them. Go round away from them and advance on them from opposite the balsam trees. |
God* (2x): [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it. Occurs twice here.
|| 2 Sam 5:23. advance on ← come to. |
| 1 Chr 14:15 | וִ֠יהִי כְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֞ אֶת־ק֤וֹל הַצְּעָדָה֙ בְּרָאשֵׁ֣י הַבְּכָאִ֔ים אָ֖ז תֵּצֵ֣א בַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָצָ֤א הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And it will come to pass, when you hear the sound of marching in the crowns of the balsam trees, that then you will go out to war, for God will go out before you to strike the Philistines' camp.” |
|| 2 Sam 5:24.
camp: or battalion. |
| 1 Chr 14:16 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ דָּוִ֔יד כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מִגִּבְע֖וֹן וְעַד־גָּֽזְרָה׃ | And David did as God* had commanded him, and they struck the Philistines' camp from Gibeon to Gezer. |
God*: [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| 2 Sam 5:25. Gezer: AV= Gazer. See 2 Sam 5:25, but MT is locative and pausal here. |
| 1 Chr 14:17 | וַיֵּצֵ֥א שֵׁם־דָּוִ֖יד בְּכָל־הָֽאֲרָצ֑וֹת וַֽיהוָ֛ה נָתַ֥ן אֶת־פַּחְדּ֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ | And David's fame spread throughout all the lands, and the Lord put fear of him on all the nations. |
spread ← went out.
fear of him: an objective genitive (they fear him). |
| 1 Chr 15:1 | וַיַּֽעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ בָתִּ֖ים בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיָּ֤כֶן מָקוֹם֙ לַֽאֲר֣וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיֶּט־ל֖וֹ אֹֽהֶל׃ | And he made himself houses in the City of David, and he prepared a place for the ark of God, and he pitched a tent for it. | |
| 1 Chr 15:2 | אָ֚ז אָמַ֣ר דָּוִ֔יד לֹ֤א לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֖י אִם־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם כִּי־בָ֣ם ׀ בָּחַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לָשֵׂ֞את אֶת־אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה וּֽלְשָׁרְת֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ ס | Then David commanded that no-one should bear the ark of God except the Levites, for the Lord had chosen them to bear the ark of the Lord, and to serve him age-abidingly. | serve him: or officiate (with) it. |
| 1 Chr 15:3 | וַיַּקְהֵ֥ל דָּוִ֛יד אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְהַעֲלוֹת֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מְקוֹמ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֥ין לֽוֹ׃ | And David convened all of Israel to Jerusalem for the bringing up of the ark of the Lord to its place which he had prepared for it. | |
| 1 Chr 15:4 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף דָּוִ֛יד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And David gathered the sons of Aaron and the Levites: | |
| 1 Chr 15:5 | לִבְנֵ֖י קְהָ֑ת אוּרִיאֵ֣ל הַשָּׂ֔ר וְאֶחָ֖יו מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | of the sons of Kohath, Uriel the principal one and his brothers – one hundred and twenty of them; | |
| 1 Chr 15:6 | לִבְנֵ֖י מְרָרִ֑י עֲשָׂיָ֣ה הַשָּׂ֔ר וְאֶחָ֖יו מָאתַ֥יִם וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ ס | of the sons of Merari, Asaiah the principal one and his brothers – two hundred and twenty of them; | |
| 1 Chr 15:7 | לִבְנֵ֖י גֵּרְשׁ֑וֹם יוֹאֵ֣ל הַשָּׂ֔ר וְאֶחָ֖יו מֵאָ֥ה וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ ס | of the sons of Gershom, Joel the principal one and his brothers – one hundred and thirty of them; | |
| 1 Chr 15:8 | לִבְנֵ֖י אֱלִֽיצָפָ֑ן שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה הַשָּׂ֖ר וְאֶחָ֥יו מָאתָֽיִם׃ ס | of the sons of Elizaphan, Shemaiah the principal one and his brothers – two hundred of them; | |
| 1 Chr 15:9 | לִבְנֵ֖י חֶבְר֑וֹן אֱלִיאֵ֥ל הַשָּׂ֖ר וְאֶחָ֥יו שְׁמוֹנִֽים׃ ס | of the sons of Hebron, Eliel the principal one and his brothers – eighty of them; | |
| 1 Chr 15:10 | לִבְנֵ֖י עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל עַמִּינָדָ֣ב הַשָּׂ֔ר וְאֶחָ֕יו מֵאָ֖ה וּשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | of the sons of Uzziel, Amminadab the principal one and his brothers – one hundred and twelve of them. | |
| 1 Chr 15:11 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א דָוִ֔יד לְצָד֥וֹק וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֗ם לְאֽוּרִיאֵ֤ל עֲשָׂיָה֙ וְיוֹאֵ֣ל שְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה וֶאֱלִיאֵ֖ל וְעַמִּינָדָֽב׃ | And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab, | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Chr 15:12 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֛ם רָאשֵׁ֥י הָאָב֖וֹת לַלְוִיִּ֑ם הִֽתְקַדְּשׁוּ֙ אַתֶּ֣ם וַאֲחֵיכֶ֔ם וְהַֽעֲלִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־הֲכִינ֖וֹתִי לֽוֹ׃ | and he said to them, “You are the paternal heads of the Levites. Sanctify yourselves, you and your brothers, and bring the ark of the Lord God of Israel up to where I have prepared for it. | |
| 1 Chr 15:13 | כִּ֛י לְמַבָּרִ֥אשׁוֹנָ֖ה לֹ֣א אַתֶּ֑ם פָּרַ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ בָּ֔נוּ כִּי־לֹ֥א דְרַשְׁנֻ֖הוּ כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | Since it wasn't you bringing it up on the first occasion, the Lord our God broke in on us – because we did not seek him according to the ordinance.” | since it wasn't you: Ahio and Uzza were not Levites (2 Sam 6:3, Abinadab being David's brother). |
| 1 Chr 15:14 | וַיִּֽתְקַדְּשׁ֔וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם לְהַעֲל֕וֹת אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So the priests and the Levites sanctified themselves to bring up the ark of the Lord God of Israel. | |
| 1 Chr 15:15 | וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ בְנֵֽי־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲר֣וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה בִּכְתֵפָ֥ם בַּמֹּט֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And the sons of the Levites bore the ark of God, as Moses had commanded, according to the word of the Lord, with the poles extending onto their shoulders. | with the poles extending onto their shoulders ← on their shoulder with the poles on them. |
| 1 Chr 15:16 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִיד֮ לְשָׂרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּם֒ לְהַֽעֲמִ֗יד אֶת־אֲחֵיהֶם֙ הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים בִּכְלֵי־שִׁ֛יר נְבָלִ֥ים וְכִנֹּר֖וֹת וּמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם מַשְׁמִיעִ֥ים לְהָרִֽים־בְּק֖וֹל לְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ פ | And David told the senior Levites to appoint their brothers as the singers with instruments of song: lutes and harps and timbrels, producing sounds and with raising of the voice in joy. | senior ← chiefs of. |
| 1 Chr 15:17 | וַיַּעֲמִ֣ידוּ הַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֵ֚ת הֵימָ֣ן בֶּן־יוֹאֵ֔ל וּמִ֨ן־אֶחָ֔יו אָסָ֖ף בֶּן־בֶּֽרֶכְיָ֑הוּ ס וּמִן־בְּנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם אֵיתָ֖ן בֶּן־קֽוּשָׁיָֽהוּ׃ | So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel, and from his brothers, Asaph the son of Berechiah, and from the sons of Merari – their brothers – Ethan the son of Kushaiah. | |
| 1 Chr 15:18 | וְעִמָּהֶ֖ם אֲחֵיהֶ֣ם הַמִּשְׁנִ֑ים זְכַרְיָ֡הוּ בֵּ֡ן וְיַֽעֲזִיאֵ֡ל וּשְׁמִֽירָמ֡וֹת וִיחִיאֵ֣ל ׀ וְעֻנִּ֡י אֱלִיאָ֡ב וּבְנָיָ֡הוּ וּמַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֡הוּ וּמַתִּתְיָהוּ֩ וֶאֱלִ֨יפְלֵ֜הוּ וּמִקְנֵיָ֨הוּ וְעֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֛ם וִֽיעִיאֵ֖ל הַשֹּׁעֲרִֽים׃ | And with them were their brothers the juniors in rank: Zechariah, Ben and Jaaziel and Shemiramoth and Jehiel and Unni, Eliab and Benaiah and Maaseiah, and Mattithiah and Elipheleh and Mikneiah and Obed-Edom and Jeiel, the gatekeepers; | juniors in rank ← second (ones). |
| 1 Chr 15:19 | וְהַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים הֵימָ֥ן אָסָ֖ף וְאֵיתָ֑ן בִּמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם נְחֹ֖שֶׁת לְהַשְׁמִֽיעַ׃ | and the singers, Heman, Asaph and Ethan to produce sound with copper timbrels; | |
| 1 Chr 15:20 | וּזְכַרְיָ֨ה וַעֲזִיאֵ֜ל וּשְׁמִֽירָמ֤וֹת וִֽיחִיאֵל֙ וְעֻנִּ֣י וֶֽאֱלִיאָ֔ב וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֖הוּ וּבְנָיָ֑הוּ בִּנְבָלִ֖ים עַל־עֲלָמֽוֹת׃ | and Zechariah and Aziel and Shemiramoth and Jehiel and Unni and Eliab and Maaseiah and Benaiah, with lutes accompanying the maiden's choir; |
accompanying ← at.
the maiden's choir ← Alamoth. See [CB] App. 65 ii. |
| 1 Chr 15:21 | וּמַתִּתְיָ֣הוּ וֶאֱלִֽיפְלֵ֗הוּ וּמִקְנֵיָ֙הוּ֙ וְעֹבֵ֣ד אֱדֹ֔ם וִֽיעִיאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַזְיָ֑הוּ בְּכִנֹּר֥וֹת עַל־הַשְּׁמִינִ֖ית לְנַצֵּֽחַ׃ | and Mattithiah and Elipheleh and Mikneiah and Obed-Edom and Jeiel and Azaziah, with harps accompanying the eighth day division choir, to lead in music; |
Elipheleh ← Eliphelehu, but we conform this to 1 Chr 15:18, as does AV.
accompanying ← at. eighth day division choir: AV differs (Sheminith). See [CB] App. 65. |
| 1 Chr 15:22 | וּכְנַנְיָ֥הוּ שַֽׂר־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם בְּמַשָּׂ֑א יָסֹר֙ בַּמַּשָּׂ֔א כִּ֥י מֵבִ֖ין הֽוּא׃ | and Chenaniah, a senior Levite who was engaged in the singing – he instructed the singing because he was knowledgeable; |
senior ← chief of.
who was engaged in the singing: or, by inference, (led) in the singing, but the absence of a verb, strictly speaking, admits only (was) in the singing. he instructed: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| 1 Chr 15:23 | וּבֶֽרֶכְיָה֙ וְאֶלְקָנָ֔ה שֹׁעֲרִ֖ים לָאָרֽוֹן׃ | and Berechiah and Elkanah, gatekeepers for the ark; | |
| 1 Chr 15:24 | וּשְׁבַנְיָ֡הוּ וְיֽוֹשָׁפָ֡ט וּנְתַנְאֵ֡ל וַעֲמָשַׂ֡י וּ֠זְכַרְיָהוּ וּבְנָיָ֤הוּ וֶֽאֱלִיעֶ֙זֶר֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים *מחצצרים **מַחְצְרִים֙ בַּחֲצֹ֣צְר֔וֹת לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעֹבֵ֤ד אֱדֹם֙ וִֽיחִיָּ֔ה שֹׁעֲרִ֖ים לָאָרֽוֹן׃ | and Shebaniah and Jehoshaphat and Nethaneel and Amasai and Zechariah and Benaiah and Eliezer, the priests who blew the trumpets before the ark of God; and Obed-Edom and Jehiah who were gatekeepers of the ark. |
Jehoshaphat: MT= Joshaphat here.
blew: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| 1 Chr 15:25 | וַיְהִ֥י דָוִ֛יד וְזִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְשָׂרֵ֣י הָאֲלָפִ֑ים הַהֹֽלְכִ֗ים לְֽהַעֲל֞וֹת אֶת־אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה מִן־בֵּ֥ית עֹבֵֽד־אֱדֹ֖ם בְּשִׂמְחָֽה׃ ס | So it was David and the elders of Israel and the commanders of a thousand who went to bring the ark of the covenant of the Lord up from the house of Obed-Edom with joy, | || 2 Sam 6:12. |
| 1 Chr 15:26 | וַֽיְהִי֙ בֶּעְזֹ֣ר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶ֨ת־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּזְבְּח֥וּ שִׁבְעָֽה־פָרִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה אֵילִֽים׃ | and it came to pass, when God helped the Levites who were carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord, that they sacrificed seven bulls and seven rams. | || 2 Sam 6:13. |
| 1 Chr 15:27 | וְדָוִ֞יד מְכֻרְבָּ֣ל ׀ בִּמְעִ֣יל בּ֗וּץ וְכָל־הַלְוִיִּם֙ הַנֹּשְׂאִ֣ים אֶת־הָאָר֔וֹן וְהַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים וּכְנַנְיָ֛ה הַשַּׂ֥ר הַמַּשָּׂ֖א הַמְשֹֽׁרְרִ֑ים וְעַל־דָּוִ֖יד אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃ | And David was attired in a byssus robe, as were all the Levites who were carrying the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master of the choir of the singers. And on David was an ephod of fine linen. |
|| 2 Sam 6:14.
byssus: also known as sea-silk [Wikipedia]. Very valuable. choir ← singing ← lifting up. |
| 1 Chr 15:28 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מַעֲלִים֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בִּתְרוּעָה֙ וּבְק֣וֹל שׁוֹפָ֔ר וּבַחֲצֹצְר֖וֹת וּבִמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם מַשְׁמִעִ֕ים בִּנְבָלִ֖ים וְכִנֹּרֽוֹת׃ | So all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the Lord, with shouting and with the sound of the ramshorn and with trumpets and with timbrels, making sounds with lutes and harps. | || 2 Sam 6:15. |
| 1 Chr 15:29 | וַיְהִ֗י אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה בָּ֖א עַד־עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וּמִיכַ֨ל בַּת־שָׁא֜וּל נִשְׁקְפָ֣ה ׀ בְּעַ֣ד הַחַלּ֗וֹן וַתֵּ֨רֶא אֶת־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִיד֙ מְרַקֵּ֣ד וּמְשַׂחֵ֔ק וַתִּ֥בֶז ל֖וֹ בְּלִבָּֽהּ׃ פ | And it came to pass, as the ark of the covenant of the Lord was arriving in the City of David, that Michal, Saul's daughter, was peering out of the window, and she saw King David dancing and cavorting, and she despised him in her heart. |
|| 2 Sam 6:16.
cavorting ← playing, but also playing around. |
| 1 Chr 16:1 | וַיָּבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיַּצִּ֣יגוּ אֹת֔וֹ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָאֹ֔הֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽטָה־ל֖וֹ דָּוִ֑יד וַיַּקְרִ֛יבוּ עֹל֥וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And they brought the ark of God*, and they put it inside the tent which David had pitched for it, and they made burnt offerings and peace-offerings before God*. |
God* (2x): [CB] App. 32, citing Ginsburg, alleges a change by the Sopherim from יהוה, Yhvh, to אֱלֺהִים, Elohim, but this is only an inference, and we do not reverse it.
|| 2 Sam 6:17. |
| 1 Chr 16:2 | וַיְכַ֣ל דָּוִ֔יד מֵהַעֲל֥וֹת הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And when David had finished offering the burnt offering and the peace-offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the Lord. |
|| 2 Sam 6:18.
burnt offering: as MT. |
| 1 Chr 16:3 | וַיְחַלֵּק֙ לְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאִ֖ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֑ה לְאִישׁ֙ כִּכַּר־לֶ֔חֶם וְאֶשְׁפָּ֖ר וַאֲשִׁישָֽׁה׃ | And he distributed to every person of Israel, both men and women – to each one – a loaf of bread and a portion of roast beef and raisin cake. |
|| 2 Sam 6:19.
a portion of roast beef: see 2 Sam 6:19. raisin cake: AV differs (flagon of wine). |
| 1 Chr 16:4 | וַיִּתֵּ֞ן לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֖ם מְשָׁרְתִ֑ים וּלְהַזְכִּיר֙ וּלְהוֹד֣וֹת וּלְהַלֵּ֔ל לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And in the presence of the ark of the Lord, he appointed some of the Levites who performed service, both to remember and to give thanks and to praise the Lord God of Israel: | |
| 1 Chr 16:5 | אָסָ֥ף הָרֹ֖אשׁ וּמִשְׁנֵ֣הוּ זְכַרְיָ֑ה יְעִיאֵ֡ל וּשְׁמִֽירָמ֡וֹת וִֽיחִיאֵ֡ל וּמַתִּתְיָ֡ה וֶאֱלִיאָ֡ב וּבְנָיָהוּ֩ וְעֹבֵ֨ד אֱדֹ֜ם וִֽיעִיאֵ֗ל בִּכְלֵ֤י נְבָלִים֙ וּבְכִנֹּר֔וֹת וְאָסָ֖ף בַּֽמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם מַשְׁמִֽיעַ׃ | Asaph the head, and his adjunct Zechariah, and Jeiel and Shemiramoth and Jehiel and Mattithiah and Eliab and Benaiah and Obed-Edom and Jeiel, with lutes and with harps, whereas Asaph produced sound with timbrels, | lutes ← instruments of lutes. |
| 1 Chr 16:6 | וּבְנָיָ֥הוּ וְיַחֲזִיאֵ֖ל הַכֹּהֲנִ֑ים בַּחֲצֹצְר֣וֹת תָּמִ֔יד לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | and Benaiah and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets, continually before the ark of the covenant of God. | continually: [CB] explains as morning and evening, as prescribed. |
| 1 Chr 16:7 | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא אָ֣ז נָתַ֤ן דָּוִיד֙ בָּרֹ֔אשׁ לְהֹד֖וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה בְּיַד־אָסָ֖ף וְאֶחָֽיו׃ פ | Then on that day at the start David handed these words over to Asaph and his brothers, to give thanks to the Lord: | |
| 1 Chr 16:8 | הוֹד֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ קִרְא֣וּ בִשְׁמ֔וֹ הוֹדִ֥יעוּ בָעַמִּ֖ים עֲלִילֹתָֽיו׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, Call on his name; Make his deeds known Among the various peoples. |
|| Ps 105:1. |
| 1 Chr 16:9 | שִׁ֤ירוּ לוֹ֙ זַמְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ שִׂ֖יחוּ בְּכָל־נִפְלְאֹתָֽיו׃ |
Sing to him, Make psalm melody to him; Meditate on all his wonders. |
|| Ps 105:2.
meditate: or speak of. |
| 1 Chr 16:10 | הִֽתְהַֽלְלוּ֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשׁ֔וֹ יִשְׂמַ֕ח לֵ֖ב מְבַקְשֵׁ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ |
Boast in his holy name. Let the heart of those who seek the Lord rejoice. |
|| Ps 105:3.
his holy name ← the name of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 1 Chr 16:11 | דִּרְשׁ֤וּ יְהוָה֙ וְעֻזּ֔וֹ בַּקְּשׁ֥וּ פָנָ֖יו תָּמִֽיד׃ |
Search for the Lord and his strength; Seek his presence continually. |
|| Ps 105:4.
presence ← face. |
| 1 Chr 16:12 | זִכְר֗וּ נִפְלְאֹתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה מֹפְתָ֖יו וּמִשְׁפְּטֵי־פִֽיהוּ׃ |
Remember his wonders Which he has performed – His miracles And the judgments of his mouth. |
|| Ps 105:5.
of his mouth: i.e. which he pronounces. |
| 1 Chr 16:13 | זֶ֚רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עַבְדּ֔וֹ בְּנֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּחִירָֽיו׃ |
The seed of Israel his servant – The sons of Jacob – Are his chosen ones. |
|| Ps 105:6. |
| 1 Chr 16:14 | ה֚וּא יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִשְׁפָּטָֽיו׃ |
He is the Lord our God; His principles of justice Are in the whole land. |
|| Ps 105:7. |
| 1 Chr 16:15 | זִכְר֤וּ לְעוֹלָם֙ בְּרִית֔וֹ דָּבָ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה לְאֶ֥לֶף דּֽוֹר׃ |
Remember his covenant age-abidingly – The word he commanded to a thousand generations, |
|| Ps 105:8. |
| 1 Chr 16:16 | אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּרַת֙ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֔ם וּשְׁבוּעָת֖וֹ לְיִצְחָֽק׃ |
The covenant which he made with Abraham – And his oath to Isaac, |
|| Ps 105:9. |
| 1 Chr 16:17 | וַיַּעֲמִידֶ֤הָ לְיַעֲקֹב֙ לְחֹ֔ק לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ |
Which he established as a statute to Jacob, And as an age-abiding covenant to Israel, |
|| Ps 105:10. |
| 1 Chr 16:18 | לֵאמֹ֗ר לְךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנָ֔עַן חֶ֖בֶל נַחֲלַתְכֶֽם׃ |
When he said, “To you I will give the land of Canaan, The allocation of your inheritance”, |
|| Ps 105:11. |
| 1 Chr 16:19 | בִּֽהְיֽוֹתְכֶם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר כִּמְעַ֖ט וְגָרִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ |
When you were a small company – Few, but residents in it. |
|| Ps 105:12.
a small company ← men of (low) number. but residents in it: or and foreigners in it. |
| 1 Chr 16:20 | וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכוּ֙ מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל־גּ֔וֹי וּמִמַּמְלָכָ֖ה אֶל־עַ֥ם אַחֵֽר׃ |
And they went round from nation to nation, And from one kingdom to another people. |
|| Ps 105:13. |
| 1 Chr 16:21 | לֹא־הִנִּ֤יחַ לְאִישׁ֙ לְעָשְׁקָ֔ם וַיּ֥וֹכַח עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מְלָכִֽים׃ |
He did not permit man to oppress them, And he reproved kings concerning them, |
|| Ps 105:14. |
| 1 Chr 16:22 | אַֽל־תִּגְּעוּ֙ בִּמְשִׁיחָ֔י וּבִנְבִיאַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵֽעוּ׃ פ |
Saying, “Do not touch my anointed ones, And do not harm my prophets.” |
|| Ps 105:15. |
| 1 Chr 16:23 | שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ בַּשְּׂר֥וּ מִיּֽוֹם־אֶל־י֖וֹם יְשׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃ |
Sing to the Lord, all the earth; Proclaim his salvation From one day to the next. |
|| Ps 96:1, Ps 96:2.
proclaim ← proclaim as good news. from one day to the next ← from day to day. |
| 1 Chr 16:24 | סַפְּר֤וּ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֶת־כְּבוֹד֔וֹ בְּכָל־הָעַמִּ֖ים נִפְלְאֹתָֽיו׃ |
Tell of his glory among the Gentiles, And of his wondrous deeds, Among all the various peoples. |
|| Ps 96:3. |
| 1 Chr 16:25 | כִּי֩ גָד֨וֹל יְהוָ֤ה וּמְהֻלָּל֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְנוֹרָ֥א ה֖וּא עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ |
For the Lord is great And much to be praised; He is awesome Above all gods. |
|| Ps 96:4.
to be praised: gerundival use of the participle. |
| 1 Chr 16:26 | כִּ֠י כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָעַמִּים֙ אֱלִילִ֔ים וַיהוָ֖ה שָׁמַ֥יִם עָשָֽׂה׃ |
For all the gods of the nations are idols, But the Lord made the heavens. |
|| Ps 96:5. |
| 1 Chr 16:27 | ה֤וֹד וְהָדָר֙ לְפָנָ֔יו עֹ֥ז וְחֶדְוָ֖ה בִּמְקֹמֽוֹ׃ |
Majesty and splendour are before him; Strength and joy are in his place. |
|| Ps 96:6. |
| 1 Chr 16:28 | הָב֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת עַמִּ֔ים הָב֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה כָּב֥וֹד וָעֹֽז׃ |
Ascribe to the Lord, You families of nations, Ascribe glory and strength To the Lord. |
|| Ps 96:7. |
| 1 Chr 16:29 | הָב֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה כְּב֣וֹד שְׁמ֑וֹ שְׂא֤וּ מִנְחָה֙ וּבֹ֣אוּ לְפָנָ֔יו הִשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה בְּהַדְרַת־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
Ascribe the glory of his name to the Lord; Make a meal-offering And enter in before him. Worship the Lord In the splendour of holiness. |
|| Ps 96:8, Ps 96:9.
make ← offer. the splendour of holiness: or, as a Hebraic genitive, holy splendour. |
| 1 Chr 16:30 | חִ֤ילוּ מִלְּפָנָיו֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אַף־תִּכּ֥וֹן תֵּבֵ֖ל בַּל־תִּמּֽוֹט׃ |
Tremble in his presence, All the earth; Indeed the world will be established Such that it will not totter. |
|| Ps 96:9, Ps 96:10. |
| 1 Chr 16:31 | יִשְׂמְח֤וּ הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה מָלָֽךְ׃ |
Let the heavens rejoice And the earth be glad, And let them say among the nations, “The Lord reigns.” |
Rev 12:12.
|| Ps 96:11. |
| 1 Chr 16:32 | יִרְעַ֤ם הַיָּם֙ וּמְלוֹא֔וֹ יַעֲלֹ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּֽוֹ׃ |
Let the sea roar With its fulness; Let the field exult, And everything in it. |
|| Ps 96:11, Ps 96:12.
with its fulness ← and its fulness. |
| 1 Chr 16:33 | אָ֥ז יְרַנְּנ֖וּ עֲצֵ֣י הַיָּ֑עַר מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־בָ֖א לִשְׁפּ֥וֹט אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ |
Then let the trees of the forest shout for joy, Before the Lord When he comes to judge the earth. |
|| Ps 96:12, Ps 96:13. |
| 1 Chr 16:34 | הוֹד֤וּ לַיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Give thanks to the Lord, For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding. |
|| Ps 106:1. |
| 1 Chr 16:35 | וְאִמְר֕וּ הוֹשִׁיעֵ֙נוּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֔נוּ וְקַבְּצֵ֥נוּ וְהַצִּילֵ֖נוּ מִן־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם לְהֹדוֹת֙ לְשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשֶׁ֔ךָ לְהִשְׁתַּבֵּ֖חַ בִּתְהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
And say, “Save us, O God of our salvation, And gather us, And save us from the Gentiles, To give thanks to your holy name And to exult in praise of you. |
|| Ps 106:47.
your holy name ← the name of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. exult: or, as [BDB], [AnLx], [Ges-HCL], boast. praise of you ← your praise, an objective genitive. |
| 1 Chr 16:36 | בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִן־הָעוֹלָ֖ם וְעַ֣ד הָעֹלָ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הָעָם֙ אָמֵ֔ן וְהַלֵּ֖ל לַֽיהוָֽה׃ פ |
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel From age to age.” And all the people said, “Amen”, and they praised the Lord. |
|| Ps 106:48.
and they praised: infinitive absolute in the role of a finite verb. |
| 1 Chr 16:37 | וַיַּֽעֲזָב־שָׁ֗ם לִפְנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖ף וּלְאֶחָ֑יו לְשָׁרֵ֞ת לִפְנֵ֧י הָאָר֛וֹן תָּמִ֖יד לִדְבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃ | Then he left Asaph and his brothers there in the presence of the ark of the covenant of the Lord, to serve in the presence of the ark continually as a daily matter, | daily ← of day in its day. |
| 1 Chr 16:38 | וְעֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֛ם וַאֲחֵיהֶ֖ם שִׁשִּׁ֣ים וּשְׁמוֹנָ֑ה וְעֹבֵ֨ד אֱדֹ֧ם בֶּן־יְדִית֛וּן וְחֹסָ֖ה לְשֹׁעֲרִֽים׃ | and Obed-Edom and their brothers – sixty-eight of them – and Obed-Edom the son of Jeduthun, and Hosah, as gatekeepers, | Jeduthun ← Jedithun here and ketiv in Ps 39:1, Ps 77:1, Neh 11:17; elsewhere Jeduthun. |
| 1 Chr 16:39 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ צָד֣וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאֶחָיו֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה בַּבָּמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃ | and Zadok the priest, and his brothers the priests, in the presence of the tabernacle of the Lord in the raised site which is in Gibeon, | |
| 1 Chr 16:40 | לְֽהַעֲלוֹת֩ עֹל֨וֹת לַיהוָ֜ה עַל־מִזְבַּ֧ח הָעֹלָ֛ה תָּמִ֖יד לַבֹּ֣קֶר וְלָעָ֑רֶב וּלְכָל־הַכָּתוּב֙ בְּתוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | namely to offer burnt offerings to the Lord on the altar for the burnt offering perpetually in the morning and in the evening, and to carry out everything written in the law of the Lord, which he commanded Israel. | |
| 1 Chr 16:41 | וְעִמָּהֶם֙ הֵימָ֣ן וִֽידוּת֔וּן וּשְׁאָר֙ הַבְּרוּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִקְּב֖וּ בְּשֵׁמ֑וֹת לְהֹדוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ | And with them were Heman and Jeduthun, and the rest – the elite who were specified by name – to give thanks to the Lord, for his kindness is age-abiding. | by name ← by names. |
| 1 Chr 16:42 | וְעִמָּהֶם֩ הֵימָ֨ן וִֽידוּת֜וּן חֲצֹצְר֤וֹת וּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ לְמַשְׁמִיעִ֔ים וּכְלֵ֖י שִׁ֣יר הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבְנֵ֥י יְדוּת֖וּן לַשָּֽׁעַר׃ | And with them were Heman and Jeduthun, and trumpets and timbrels for those who produced sounds with them, and musical instruments of God. And the sons of Jeduthun attended to the gate. | |
| 1 Chr 16:43 | וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ לְבֵית֑וֹ וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֖יד לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ פ | Then all the people departed – each to his home – and David returned to bless his household. | || 2 Sam 6:20. |
| 1 Chr 17:1 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָשַׁ֥ב דָּוִ֖יד בְּבֵית֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶל־נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֗יא הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֤י יוֹשֵׁב֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָֽאֲרָזִ֔ים וַאֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת יְרִיעֽוֹת׃ | And it came to pass, when David was sitting in his house, that David said to Nathan the prophet, “Look, I am sitting in a house of cedars, but the ark of the covenant of the Lord is under sheets.” |
|| 2 Sam 7:1, 2 Sam 7:2.
sheets ← curtains, but here tent fabric. |
| 1 Chr 17:2 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר נָתָן֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔יד כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֑ה כִּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ׃ ס | And Nathan said to David, “Whatever is in your heart, do, for God is with you.” |
|| 2 Sam 7:3.
whatever ← everything. |
| 1 Chr 17:3 | וַֽיְהִ֖י בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶל־נָתָ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And it came to pass on that night that the word of God came to Nathan and said, |
|| 2 Sam 7:4.
came ← became. |
| 1 Chr 17:4 | לֵ֤ךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֣יד עַבְדִּ֔י כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֥א אַתָּ֛ה תִּבְנֶה־לִּ֥י הַבַּ֖יִת לָשָֽׁבֶת׃ | “Go and say to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord says: «It is not you who will build a house for me to dwell in, |
|| 2 Sam 7:5.
this is what ← thus. |
| 1 Chr 17:5 | כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ בְּבַ֔יִת מִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶעֱלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וָֽאֶהְיֶ֛ה מֵאֹ֥הֶל אֶל־אֹ֖הֶל וּמִמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ | for I have not dwelt in a house from the day when I brought Israel up, up to this day, and I have been going from tent to tent and from tabernacle to tabernacle. | || 2 Sam 7:6. |
| 1 Chr 17:6 | בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֮ בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ הֲדָבָ֣ר דִּבַּ֗רְתִּי אֶת־אַחַד֙ שֹׁפְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֛יתִי לִרְע֥וֹת אֶת־עַמִּ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֛מָּה לֹא־בְנִיתֶ֥ם לִ֖י בֵּ֥ית אֲרָזִֽים׃ | Everywhere where I have gone about among all Israel, have I spoken a word with one of the judges of Israel whom I commanded to shepherd my people, saying, ‹Why have you not built me a house of cedar?›?» ’ | || 2 Sam 7:7. |
| 1 Chr 17:7 | וְ֠עַתָּה כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֞ר לְעַבְדִּ֣י לְדָוִ֗יד ס כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲנִ֤י לְקַחְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַנָּוֶ֔ה מִֽן־אַחֲרֵ֖י הַצֹּ֑אן לִהְי֣וֹת נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So now, this is what you will say to my servant, to David: ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: «I took you out of the pasture, from looking after the sheep, to be a leader over my people, Israel. |
|| 2 Sam 7:8.
this is what (2x) ← thus. |
| 1 Chr 17:8 | וָֽאֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמְּךָ֗ בְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֔כְתָּ וָאַכְרִ֥ית אֶת־כָּל־אוֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤יתִֽי לְךָ֙ שֵׁ֔ם כְּשֵׁ֥ם הַגְּדוֹלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ | And I was with you everywhere you went, and I cut off all your enemies at your advance, and I made a name for you, like the name of the great men who are on the earth. |
|| 2 Sam 7:9.
at your advance ← from before you. on the earth: or in the land. |
| 1 Chr 17:9 | וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י מָ֠קוֹם לְעַמִּ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וּנְטַעְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ וְשָׁכַ֣ן תַּחְתָּ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יִרְגַּ֖ז ע֑וֹד וְלֹא־יוֹסִ֤יפוּ בְנֵי־עַוְלָה֙ לְבַלֹּת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָֽה׃ | And I will appoint a place for my people – Israel – and I will plant them there, and they will dwell right there, and they will no longer shudder, and the unrighteous will no longer wear them out as at first. |
|| 2 Sam 7:10.
right there ← under it, but also its place. unrighteous ← sons of iniquity. |
| 1 Chr 17:10 | וּלְמִיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוִּ֤יתִי שֹֽׁפְטִים֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִכְנַ֖עְתִּי אֶת־כָּל־אוֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וָאַגִּ֣ד לָ֔ךְ וּבַ֖יִת יִֽבְנֶה־לְּךָ֥ יְהוָֽה׃ | And ever since the days when I appointed judges over my people Israel, I have subdued all your enemies. And I have told you that the Lord will build you a house. |
|| 2 Sam 7:11.
a house: i.e. a line of succession. |
| 1 Chr 17:11 | וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־מָלְא֤וּ יָמֶ֙יךָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִם־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַהֲקִֽימוֹתִ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה מִבָּנֶ֑יךָ וַהֲכִינוֹתִ֖י אֶת־מַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | And it will come to pass that your days will be fulfilled for you to go to your fathers, but I will raise up your seed after you, who will be one of your sons, and I will establish his kingdom. |
Acts 2:30.
|| 2 Sam 7:12. to your fathers ← with your fathers. |
| 1 Chr 17:12 | ה֥וּא יִבְנֶה־לִּ֖י בָּ֑יִת וְכֹנַנְתִּ֥י אֶת־כִּסְא֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | He will build me a house, and I will establish his throne age-abidingly. | || 2 Sam 7:13. |
| 1 Chr 17:13 | אֲנִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶה־לּ֣וֹ לְאָ֔ב וְה֖וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְבֵ֑ן וְחַסְדִּי֙ לֹא־אָסִ֣יר מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲסִיר֔וֹתִי מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | I will be a father to him, and he will be a son to me, and I will not withdraw my kindness from him, as I withdrew it from him who was before you. |
2 Cor 6:18, Heb 1:5.
|| 2 Sam 7:14, 2 Sam 7:15. him: i.e. Saul. |
| 1 Chr 17:14 | וְהַֽעֲמַדְתִּ֛יהוּ בְּבֵיתִ֥י וּבְמַלְכוּתִ֖י עַד־הָעוֹלָ֑ם וְכִסְא֕וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה נָכ֖וֹן עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | And I will establish him in my house, and in my kingdom, age-abidingly, and his throne will be confirmed age-abidingly.» ’ ” | || 2 Sam 7:16. |
| 1 Chr 17:15 | כְּכֹל֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וּכְכֹ֖ל הֶחָז֣וֹן הַזֶּ֑ה כֵּ֛ן דִּבֶּ֥ר נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִֽיד׃ פ | According to all these words, and according to all of this vision, so Nathan spoke to David. | || 2 Sam 7:17. |
| 1 Chr 17:16 | וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔יד וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִֽי־אֲנִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ וּמִ֣י בֵיתִ֔י כִּ֥י הֲבִיאֹתַ֖נִי עַד־הֲלֹֽם׃ | Then King David came and sat before the Lord and said, “Who am I, O Lord God, and who constitutes my house, that you should have brought me here? |
|| 2 Sam 7:18.
my house: see 1 Chr 17:10. |
| 1 Chr 17:17 | וַתִּקְטַ֨ן זֹ֤את בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַתְּדַבֵּ֥ר עַל־בֵּֽית־עַבְדְּךָ֖ לְמֵרָח֑וֹק וּרְאִיתַ֗נִי כְּת֧וֹר הָאָדָ֛ם הַֽמַּעֲלָ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And was this just a small matter in your sight, O God? For you spoke concerning the house of your servant from afar, yet you have considered me according to an exceeding privilege for a man, O Lord God. |
|| 2 Sam 7:19.
for you spoke: causal use of the vav. from afar: see 2 Sam 7:19. considered ← seen. privilege ← manner. |
| 1 Chr 17:18 | מַה־יּוֹסִ֨יף ע֥וֹד דָּוִ֛יד אֵלֶ֖יךָ לְכָב֣וֹד אֶת־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְאַתָּ֖ה אֶֽת־עַבְדְּךָ֥ יָדָֽעְתָּ׃ | What more can David say to you in this honouring of your servant? For you know your servant. |
|| 2 Sam 7:20.
more ... say ← more ... add. |
| 1 Chr 17:19 | יְהוָ֕ה בַּעֲב֤וּר עַבְדְּךָ֙ וּֽכְלִבְּךָ֔ עָשִׂ֕יתָ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַגְּדוּלָּ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את לְהֹדִ֖יעַ אֶת־כָּל־הַגְּדֻלּֽוֹת׃ | O Lord, for your servant's sake and according to your heart, you performed all of this great thing in making all great things known. |
|| 2 Sam 7:21.
in making: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 17:20 | יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣ין כָּמ֔וֹךָ וְאֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִ֖ים זוּלָתֶ֑ךָ בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ בְּאָזְנֵֽינוּ׃ | O Lord, there is none like you, and there is no God except for you in anything which we have heard with our ears. |
|| 2 Sam 7:22.
anything ← everything. |
| 1 Chr 17:21 | וּמִי֙ כְּעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גּ֥וֹי אֶחָ֖ד בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ הָלַ֨ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים לִפְדּ֧וֹת ל֣וֹ עָ֗ם לָשׂ֤וּם לְךָ֙ שֵׁ֚ם גְּדֻלּ֣וֹת וְנֹרָא֔וֹת לְגָרֵ֗שׁ מִפְּנֵ֧י עַמְּךָ֛ אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֥יתָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם גּוֹיִֽם׃ | And who is like your people Israel, one nation on the earth, which God proceeded to redeem to himself as a people, and to establish a name for yourself by great and awesome deeds in driving out nations before your people whom you redeemed in Egypt? |
|| 2 Sam 7:23.
in driving out: gerundial use of the infinitive. proceeded ... redeemed: the verse changes grammatical person, which is not unusual (compare Ps 91). |
| 1 Chr 17:22 | וַ֠תִּתֵּן אֶת־עַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל ׀ לְךָ֛ לְעָ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְאַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הָיִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | And you have appointed your people Israel as your people age-abidingly, and you, O Lord, have become their God. | || 2 Sam 7:24. |
| 1 Chr 17:23 | וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֤רְתָּ עַֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְעַל־בֵּית֔וֹ יֵאָמֵ֖ן עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וַעֲשֵׂ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ | So now, O Lord, may the word which you spoke concerning your servant and concerning his house be upheld age-abidingly, and act as you have spoken. | || 2 Sam 7:25. |
| 1 Chr 17:24 | וְ֠יֵֽאָמֵן וְיִגְדַּ֨ל שִׁמְךָ֤ עַד־עוֹלָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבֵית־דָּוִ֥יד עַבְדְּךָ֖ נָכ֥וֹן לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | And may your name be upheld, and may it be magnified age-abidingly, by people saying, ‘O Lord of hosts, O God of Israel, a God to Israel’, and may the house of David your servant be established before you. |
|| 2 Sam 7:26.
by people saying: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 17:25 | כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֗י גָּלִ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֹ֣זֶן עַבְדְּךָ֔ לִבְנ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ בָּ֑יִת עַל־כֵּן֙ מָצָ֣א עַבְדְּךָ֔ לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | For you, O God of mine, have informed your servant that you will build him a house, which is why your servant has found it in his heart to pray before you. |
|| 2 Sam 7:27.
informed ← uncovered the ear of. house: i.e. a line of succession. |
| 1 Chr 17:26 | וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אַתָּה־ה֖וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַתְּדַבֵּר֙ עַֽל־עַבְדְּךָ֔ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ | So now, O Lord, you are God, and you have pronounced this good thing concerning your servant. |
|| 2 Sam 7:28.
concerning: or, reading אֶל for עַל, to. |
| 1 Chr 17:27 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הוֹאַ֙לְתָּ֙ לְבָרֵךְ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית עַבְדְּךָ֔ לִהְי֥וֹת לְעוֹלָ֖ם לְפָנֶ֑יךָ כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בֵּרַ֔כְתָּ וּמְבֹרָ֖ךְ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ פ | And now, you have been willing to bless the house of your servant, for it to be before you age-abidingly, because you, O Lord, have blessed and are blessed age-abidingly.” |
|| 2 Sam 7:29.
AV differs (for thou blessest, O LORD, and it shall be blessed for ever). Our translation is independent of 2 Sam 7:29. |
| 1 Chr 18:1 | וַיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ דָּוִ֛יד אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיַּכְנִיעֵ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֛ח אֶת־גַּ֥ת וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And it came to pass after that, that David attacked the Philistines and subdued them. And he took Gath and its satellite villages from the Philistines' control. |
|| 2 Sam 8:1.
control ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 18:2 | וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־מוֹאָ֑ב וַיִּהְי֤וּ מוֹאָב֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְדָוִ֔יד נֹשְׂאֵ֖י מִנְחָֽה׃ | And he attacked Moab, and Moab became David's servants and tribute-bearers. | || 2 Sam 8:2. |
| 1 Chr 18:3 | וַיַּ֥ךְ דָּוִ֛יד אֶת־הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־צוֹבָ֖ה חֲמָ֑תָה בְּלֶכְתּ֕וֹ לְהַצִּ֥יב יָד֖וֹ בִּֽנְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃ | And David attacked Hadadezer king of Zobah, on his way to Hamath, when he went to establish his authority at the River Euphrates. |
|| 2 Sam 8:3.
Hadadezer: AV= Hadarezer, as AV has everywhere except 2 Sam 8:3 - 2 Sam 8:12. authority ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 18:4 | וַיִּלְכֹּד֩ דָּוִ֨יד מִמֶּ֜נּוּ אֶ֣לֶף רֶ֗כֶב וְשִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וַיְעַקֵּ֤ר דָּוִיד֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיּוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מֵ֥אָה רָֽכֶב׃ | And David captured from him a thousand chariots and seven thousand horsemen and twenty thousand infantrymen. And David hamstrung all the horses of the chariot fleet, but he allowed one hundred of its chariots to remain. |
|| 2 Sam 8:4.
On the differences in 2 Sam 8:4, see note there. |
| 1 Chr 18:5 | וַיָּבֹא֙ אֲרַ֣ם דַּרְמֶ֔שֶׂק לַעְז֕וֹר לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ דָּוִיד֙ בַּאֲרָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | Then Aramaea of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, and David struck down twenty-two thousand men in Aramaea. |
|| 2 Sam 8:5.
Damascus: MT= Darmeshek here and 1 Chr 18:6, 2 Chr 16:2, 2 Chr 28:23 (intrusive resh). |
| 1 Chr 18:6 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּוִיד֙ בַּאֲרַ֣ם דַּרְמֶ֔שֶׂק וַיְהִ֤י אֲרָם֙ לְדָוִ֔יד עֲבָדִ֖ים נֹשְׂאֵ֣י מִנְחָ֑ה וַיּ֤וֹשַׁע יְהוָה֙ לְדָוִ֔יד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃ | And David stationed garrisons in Aramaea of Damascus, and Aramaea became David's servants and tribute-bearers. And the Lord sustained David everywhere he went. |
|| 2 Sam 8:6.
sustained ← saved. |
| 1 Chr 18:7 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֗יד אֵ֚ת שִׁלְטֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֔וּ עַ֖ל עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And David took the golden shields which were on Hadadezer's servants, and he brought them to Jerusalem. | || 2 Sam 8:7. |
| 1 Chr 18:8 | וּמִטִּבְחַ֤ת וּמִכּוּן֙ עָרֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֔זֶר לָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד נְחֹ֖שֶׁת רַבָּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד בָּ֣הּ ׀ עָשָׂ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אֶת־יָ֤ם הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וְאֶת־הָֽעַמּוּדִ֔ים וְאֵ֖ת כְּלֵ֥י הַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ פ | And David took a very great quantity of copper from Tibhath and from Chun, Hadadezer's cities, with which Solomon made the copper artificial sea and the columns and the copper equipment. | || 2 Sam 8:8. |
| 1 Chr 18:9 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔יד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֖יל הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־צוֹבָֽה׃ | And when Tou king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the whole army of Hadadezer king of Zobah, | || 2 Sam 8:9. |
| 1 Chr 18:10 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אֶת־הֲדֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִיד *לשאול־**לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עוּ הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וְכֹ֗ל כְּלֵ֛י זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | he sent Hadoram his son to King David to ask him for peace and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer had been a man of war with Tou. Tou sent Hadoram with all kinds of instruments of gold and silver and copper. |
to ask: the ketiv is a scriptio plena spelling of the qeré.
|| 2 Sam 8:10. of war with ← of wars of. |
| 1 Chr 18:11 | גַּם־אֹתָ֗ם הִקְדִּ֞ישׁ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִיד֙ לַיהוָ֔ה עִם־הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ וְהַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָשָׂ֖א מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֑ם מֵֽאֱד֤וֹם וּמִמּוֹאָב֙ וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵֽק׃ | Them too King David consecrated to the Lord with the silver and the gold which he had brought from all the nations – from Edom and from Moab and from the sons of Ammon, and from the Philistines and from Amalek. | || 2 Sam 8:11, 2 Sam 8:12. |
| 1 Chr 18:12 | וְאַבְשַׁ֣י בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה הִכָּ֤ה אֶת־אֱדוֹם֙ בְּגֵ֣יא הַמֶּ֔לַח שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃ | And Abishai the son of Zeruiah defeated Edom in the Valley of Salt – eighteen thousand men. |
|| 2 Sam 8:13.
Abishai ← Abshai in 1 Chr; frequently Abishai elsewhere. Edom: this is a part of Aramaea (2 Sam 8:13), at the southern end. |
| 1 Chr 18:13 | וַיָּ֤שֶׂם בֶּֽאֱדוֹם֙ נְצִיבִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֥וּ כָל־אֱד֖וֹם עֲבָדִ֣ים לְדָוִ֑יד וַיּ֤וֹשַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔יד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃ | And he stationed garrisons in Edom, and all of Edom became David's servants. And the Lord sustained David everywhere he went. |
|| 2 Sam 8:14.
sustained ← saved. |
| 1 Chr 18:14 | וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ דָּוִ֖יד עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֗י עֹשֶׂ֛ה מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה לְכָל־עַמּֽוֹ׃ | So David reigned over all of Israel, and he would execute judgment and justice to all his people. | || 2 Sam 8:15. |
| 1 Chr 18:15 | וְיוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֖ה עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וִיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד מַזְכִּֽיר׃ | And Joab the son of Zeruiah was in charge of the army, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was state secretary. | || 2 Sam 8:16. |
| 1 Chr 18:16 | וְצָד֧וֹק בֶּן־אֲחִיט֛וּב וַאֲבִימֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִ֑ים וְשַׁוְשָׁ֖א סוֹפֵֽר׃ | And Zadok the son of Ahitub and Abimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, and Shavsha was the scribe. |
|| 2 Sam 8:17.
Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. the scribe ← a scribe, but the article is often omitted in Hebrew; compare Num 1:1. |
| 1 Chr 18:17 | וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע עַל־הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וּבְנֵי־דָוִ֥יד הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים לְיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was in charge of the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and the first sons of David were at the king's side. |
|| 2 Sam 8:18.
and the first sons of David were at the king's side: AV differs (and the sons of David were chief about the king). |
| 1 Chr 19:1 | וַיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּ֕מָת נָחָ֖שׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the sons of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his place. | || 2 Sam 10:1. |
| 1 Chr 19:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמִּי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛יד מַלְאָכִ֖ים לְנַחֲמ֣וֹ עַל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜יד אֶל־אֶ֧רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֛וֹן אֶל־חָנ֖וּן לְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ | And David said, “I will show kindness to Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father showed me kindness.” And David sent messengers to comfort him about his father, and David's servants went to the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to comfort him. |
|| 2 Sam 10:2.
show kindness to ... showed me kindness ← do kindness with ... did kindness with me. |
| 1 Chr 19:3 | וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן לְחָנ֗וּן הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤יד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַחֲמִ֑ים הֲלֹ֡א בַּ֠עֲבוּר לַחְקֹ֨ר וְלַהֲפֹ֤ךְ וּלְרַגֵּל֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ בָּ֥אוּ עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ פ | But the officials of the sons of Ammon said to Hanun, “Does David honour your father, in your opinion? For he has sent consolers to you. Is it not to investigate and overthrow and spy on the land that his servants have come to you?” |
|| 2 Sam 10:3.
opinion ← eyes. |
| 1 Chr 19:4 | וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִיד֙ וַֽיְגַלְּחֵ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַד־הַמִּפְשָׂעָ֑ה וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃ | And Hanun seized David's servants, and he shaved them, and he cut their garments down the middle as far as their buttocks, and he sent them away. |
|| 2 Sam 10:4.
down the middle ← in half. |
| 1 Chr 19:5 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ וַיַּגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֤יד עַל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ | So they departed, then when David was told about the men, he sent servants to meet them, for the men had been very much put to shame. And the king said, “Stay in Jericho until your beards grow, and then return.” |
|| 2 Sam 10:5.
David was told ← they told David. Avoidance of the passive. beards grow ← beard grows. |
| 1 Chr 19:6 | וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י הִֽתְבָּאֲשׁ֖וּ עִם־דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חָ֠נוּן וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹן אֶ֣לֶף כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף לִשְׂכֹּ֣ר לָ֠הֶם מִן־אֲרַ֨ם נַהֲרַ֜יִם וּמִן־אֲרַ֤ם מַעֲכָה֙ וּמִצּוֹבָ֔ה רֶ֖כֶב וּפָרָשִֽׁים׃ | Then when the sons of Ammon saw that they had become odious to David, Hanun and the sons of Ammon sent one thousand talents of silver to hire chariots and horsemen from Mesopotamia and from Aramaea-Maachah and from Zobah. |
|| 2 Sam 10:6.
talents: see Ex 25:39. to hire ← to hire for themselves. Aramaea-Maachah: AV= Syria-maachah. See Gen 22:24. |
| 1 Chr 19:7 | וַיִּשְׂכְּר֣וּ לָהֶ֡ם שְׁנַיִם֩ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֜לֶף רֶ֗כֶב וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַעֲכָה֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י מֵידְבָ֑א וּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹן נֶאֶסְפוּ֙ מֵעָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ פ | And they hired thirty-two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people, and they came and encamped before Medeba. And the sons of Ammon gathered from their cities and went to war. |
|| 2 Sam 10:6.
hired ← hired for themselves. |
| 1 Chr 19:8 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־צָבָ֖א הַגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ | And when David heard of it, he sent Joab and the whole army of warriors. | || 2 Sam 10:7. |
| 1 Chr 19:9 | וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיַּֽעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה פֶּ֣תַח הָעִ֑יר וְהַמְּלָכִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔אוּ לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | And the sons of Ammon came out and drew up in battle order at the city entrance, and the kings who had come were in the field by themselves. | || 2 Sam 10:8. |
| 1 Chr 19:10 | וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֧ה פְנֵי־הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכָּל־בָּחוּר֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃ | And when Joab saw that there was a battlefront against him, ahead of him and behind, he made a selection from all the young men in Israel, and he drew them up to confront the Aramaeans. | || 2 Sam 10:9. |
| 1 Chr 19:11 | וְאֵת֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם נָתַ֕ן בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֑יו וַיַּ֣עַרְכ֔וּ לִקְרַ֖את בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ | And he placed the remainder of the people in the hand of Abishai his brother, and they drew up to confront the sons of Ammon. |
|| 2 Sam 10:10.
Abishai ← Abshai in 1 Chr; frequently Abishai elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 19:12 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֤ק מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ אֲרָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתָ לִּ֖י לִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה ס וְאִם־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֛וֹן יֶֽחֶזְק֥וּ מִמְּךָ֖ וְהוֹשַׁעְתִּֽיךָ׃ | And he said, “If the Aramaeans are too strong for me, then you will come to my rescue, and if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will rescue you. |
|| 2 Sam 10:11.
come to my rescue ← be to me for salvation. |
| 1 Chr 19:13 | חֲזַ֤ק וְנִֽתְחַזְּקָה֙ בְּעַד־עַמֵּ֔נוּ וּבְעַ֖ד עָרֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָ֔ה הַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ | Be strong and let us be strengthened for our people and for the cities of our God, and may the Lord do what is right in his sight.” |
|| 2 Sam 10:12.
right ← good. |
| 1 Chr 19:14 | וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ יוֹאָ֜ב וְהָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י אֲרָ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיָּנ֖וּסוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ | Then Joab and the people who were with him advanced to the battle against the Aramaeans, who fled from his presence. |
|| 2 Sam 10:13.
advanced ← approached. from his presence ← from before him. |
| 1 Chr 19:15 | וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ גַם־הֵ֗ם מִפְּנֵי֙ אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑ירָה וַיָּבֹ֥א יוֹאָ֖ב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | Then when the sons of Ammon saw that the Aramaeans had fled, they also fled from Abishai his brother, and they went to the city, and Joab went to Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Sam 10:14.
from ← from before. Abishai ← Abshai in 1 Chr; frequently Abishai elsewhere. |
| 1 Chr 19:16 | וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֗ם כִּ֣י נִגְּפוּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־אֲרָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | But when the Aramaeans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers, and they brought out the Aramaeans who were on the far side of the river, with Shophach the commander of Hadadezer's army at their head. |
|| 2 Sam 10:15, 2 Sam 10:16.
by Israel ← before Israel. Hadadezer: AV= Hadarezer, as AV has everywhere except 2 Sam 8:3 - 2 Sam 8:12. |
| 1 Chr 19:17 | וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗יד וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֣א אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲרֹ֨ךְ דָּוִ֜יד לִקְרַ֤את אֲרָם֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ | And it was reported to David, and he gathered the whole of Israel, and he crossed the Jordan and went to them, and he drew up to them. So David drew his forces up to confront the Aramaeans for battle and fought against them. |
|| 2 Sam 10:17.
to confront: or towards or to meet. fought against them ← fought with them. See Gen 14:8. |
| 1 Chr 19:18 | וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜יד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וְאֵ֛ת שׁוֹפַ֥ךְ שַֽׂר־הַצָּבָ֖א הֵמִֽית׃ | And the Aramaeans fled from Israel. And of the Aramaeans David killed seven thousand chariot crew and forty thousand infantrymen, and he killed Shophach the commander of the army. |
|| 2 Sam 10:18.
On the differences in 2 Sam 10:18, see the note to 2 Sam 8:4, where there is a similar issue. |
| 1 Chr 19:19 | וַיִּרְא֞וּ עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥ימוּ עִם־דָּוִ֖יד וַיַּֽעַבְדֻ֑הוּ וְלֹא־אָבָ֣ה אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶת־בְּנֵי־עַמּ֖וֹן עֽוֹד׃ פ | And when Hadadezer's servants saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and served him, and the Aramaeans weren't willing to come to the rescue of the sons of Ammon any more. |
|| 2 Sam 10:19.
by Israel ← before Israel. |
| 1 Chr 20:1 | וַיְהִ֡י לְעֵת֩ תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמְּלָכִ֗ים וַיִּנְהַ֣ג יוֹאָב֩ אֶת־חֵ֨יל הַצָּבָ֜א וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת ׀ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֗וֹן וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיָּ֣צַר אֶת־רַבָּ֔ה וְדָוִ֖יד יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־רַבָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ׃ | And it came to pass in the new year, at the time when kings go out, that Joab led the forces of the army, and he ravaged the land of the sons of Ammon, and he went to besiege Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem. And Joab attacked Rabbah and demolished it. |
|| 2 Sam 11:1, 2 Sam 12:26.
in the new year ← at the turn of the year. |
| 1 Chr 20:2 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֣יד אֶת־עֲטֶֽרֶת־מַלְכָּם֩ מֵעַ֨ל רֹאשׁ֜וֹ וַֽיִּמְצָאָ֣הּ ׀ מִשְׁקַ֣ל כִּכַּר־זָהָ֗ב וּבָהּ֙ אֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֖י עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ דָּוִ֑יד וּשְׁלַ֥ל הָעִ֛יר הוֹצִ֖יא הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And David took their king's crown from his head, and he found it to have a weight of a talent of gold, and in it was a precious gemstone, and it was placed on David's head. He also brought a great deal of the city's spoil, |
|| 2 Sam 12:30.
talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Chr 20:3 | וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֨שַׂר בַּמְּגֵרָ֜ה וּבַחֲרִיצֵ֤י הַבַּרְזֶל֙ וּבַמְּגֵר֔וֹת וְכֵן֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָוִ֔יד לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛יד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | and he brought out the people who were in it, and he assigned them to work with the saw and with iron threshing boards and with axes. And David did likewise to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Sam 12:31.
assigned ... to work with the saw ← made ... saw with the saw. We take the verb as hiphil of שׁוּר. AV differs (cut them). axes: the same word as saw, but presumably another ↴ |
| 1 Chr 20:4 | וַיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵיכֵ֔ן וַתַּעֲמֹ֧ד מִלְחָמָ֛ה בְּגֶ֖זֶר עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים אָ֣ז הִכָּ֞ה סִבְּכַ֣י הַחֻֽשָׁתִ֗י אֶת־סִפַּ֛י מִילִדֵ֥י הָרְפָאִ֖ים וַיִּכָּנֵֽעוּ׃ | And it came to pass after this, that a war arose in Gezer with the Philistines, when Sibbechai the Hushathite struck down Sippai, who was one of the offspring of the Rephaim. And they were subdued. |
↳ instrument. Perhaps pronounced differently, in the singular at least.
|| 2 Sam 21:18. Rephaim: see [CB] App. 25. AV differs (giant). |
| 1 Chr 20:5 | וַתְּהִי־ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּ֞ךְ אֶלְחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־*יעור **יָעִ֗יר אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ אֲחִי֙ גָּלְיָ֣ת הַגִּתִּ֔י וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֔וֹ כִּמְנ֖וֹר אֹרְגִֽים׃ | Then there was another war with the Philistines, and Elhanan the son of {Q: Jair} [K: Jaur] struck down Lahmi, the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver's beam. |
|| 2 Sam 21:19.
a weaver's beam ← a beam of weavers. |
| 1 Chr 20:6 | וַתְּהִי־ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ מִדָּ֗ה וְאֶצְבְּעֹתָ֤יו שֵׁשׁ־וָשֵׁשׁ֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְאַרְבַּ֔ע וְגַם־ה֖וּא נוֹלַ֥ד לְהָרָפָֽא׃ | And there was another war in Gath, and there was a man of great stature whose fingers and toes were six apiece – twenty-four in all – and he too was born to Rapha. |
|| 2 Sam 21:20.
six apiece ← six and six. Rapha ← the Rapha. |
| 1 Chr 20:7 | וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֖א אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽיד׃ | And when he showed contempt for Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimah, David's brother, struck him down. |
|| 2 Sam 21:21.
Shimah ← Shim'a. See 1 Chr 2:13. |
| 1 Chr 20:8 | אֵ֛ל נוּלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖א בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד־דָּוִ֖יד וּבְיַד־עֲבָדָֽיו׃ פ | These were born to Rapha in Gath, and they fell at the hand of David and at the hand of his servants. |
|| 2 Sam 21:22.
Rapha ← the Rapha. |
| 1 Chr 21:1 | וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד שָׂטָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֙סֶת֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔יד לִמְנ֖וֹת אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Satan made a stand against Israel, and he stirred up David to count Israel. | || 2 Sam 24:1. |
| 1 Chr 21:2 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤יד אֶל־יוֹאָב֙ וְאֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם לְכ֗וּ סִפְרוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבְּאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע וְעַד־דָּ֑ן וְהָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֔י וְאֵדְעָ֖ה אֶת־מִסְפָּרָֽם׃ | And David said to Joab and to the commanders of the people, “Go and count Israel from Beersheba to Dan, and report back to me so that I know the number of them.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:2.
report back ← bring (word). so that: purposive use of the vav. |
| 1 Chr 21:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹסֵף֩ יְהוָ֨ה עַל־עַמּ֤וֹ ׀ כָּהֵם֙ מֵאָ֣ה פְעָמִ֔ים הֲלֹא֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כֻּלָּ֥ם לַאדֹנִ֖י לַעֲבָדִ֑ים לָ֣מָּה יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ זֹאת֙ אֲדֹנִ֔י לָ֛מָּה יִהְיֶ֥ה לְאַשְׁמָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | But Joab said, “May the Lord add to his people as they are a hundred times over, but are they not, my lord the king, all my lord's servants? Why does my lord require this? Why should Israel incur this guilt?” |
|| 2 Sam 24:3.
should Israel incur ← will there be to Israel. |
| 1 Chr 21:4 | וּדְבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ חָזַ֣ק עַל־יוֹאָ֑ב וַיֵּצֵ֣א יוֹאָ֗ב וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But the king's decision was firmly against Joab, so Joab went out, and he went up and down all of Israel and came back to Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Sam 24:4, 2 Sam 24:8.
decision ← word, matter. was firmly ← was strong. |
| 1 Chr 21:5 | וַיִּתֵּ֥ן יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר מִפְקַד־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־דָּוִ֑יד וַיְהִ֣י כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל אֶ֣לֶף אֲלָפִים֩ וּמֵאָ֨ה אֶ֤לֶף אִישׁ֙ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חֶ֔רֶב וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה אַרְבַּע֩ מֵא֨וֹת וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃ | And Joab gave the number of the census of the people to David, and the whole of Israel consisted of one million one hundred thousand men who drew the sword, and Judah consisted of four hundred and seventy thousand men who drew the sword. |
|| 2 Sam 24:9.
consisted of ← was. There is a different classification in 2 Sam 24:9. |
| 1 Chr 21:6 | וְלֵוִי֙ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן לֹ֥א פָקַ֖ד בְּתוֹכָ֑ם כִּֽי־נִתְעַ֥ב דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶת־יוֹאָֽב׃ | But he did not count Benjamin and Levi among them, for the king's word was repugnant to Joab. | |
| 1 Chr 21:7 | וַיֵּ֙רַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיַּ֖ךְ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | Now this matter was wrong in God's sight, and he struck Israel. | this matter was wrong ← it was evil concerning this matter. |
| 1 Chr 21:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִיד֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים חָטָ֣אתִֽי מְאֹ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וְעַתָּ֗ה הַֽעֲבֶר־נָא֙ אֶת־עֲו֣וֹן עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּ֥י נִסְכַּ֖לְתִּי מְאֹֽד׃ פ | And David said to God, “I have greatly sinned in that I did this thing. So now, please remit the iniquity of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:10.
remit ← transfer. |
| 1 Chr 21:9 | וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־גָּ֔ד חֹזֵ֥ה דָוִ֖יד לֵאמֹֽר׃ | Then the Lord spoke to Gad, David's seer, as follows: |
|| 2 Sam 24:11.
as follows ← to say. |
| 1 Chr 21:10 | לֵךְ֩ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֶל־דָּוִ֜יד לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׁל֕וֹשׁ אֲנִ֖י נֹטֶ֣ה עָלֶ֑יךָ בְּחַר־לְךָ֛ אַחַ֥ת מֵהֵ֖נָּה וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃ | “Go and speak to David and say, ‘This is what the Lord says: «I am offering you three things. Choose one of them, and I will do it to you.» ’ ” |
|| 2 Sam 24:12.
this is what ← thus. offering you ← extending over you. |
| 1 Chr 21:11 | וַיָּ֥בֹא גָ֖ד אֶל־דָּוִ֑יד וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֛וֹ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קַבֶּל־לָֽךְ׃ | So Gad went to David and said to him: “This is what the Lord says: ‘Choose, |
|| 2 Sam 24:13.
this is what ← thus. choose ← receive to yourself. |
| 1 Chr 21:12 | אִם־שָׁל֨וֹשׁ שָׁנִ֜ים רָעָ֗ב וְאִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה חֳדָשִׁ֜ים נִסְפֶּ֥ה מִפְּנֵי־צָרֶיךָ֮ וְחֶ֣רֶב אוֹיְבֶ֣ךָ ׀ לְמַשֶּׂגֶת֒ וְאִם־שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָ֠מִים חֶ֣רֶב יְהוָ֤ה וְדֶ֙בֶר֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה מַשְׁחִ֖ית בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֣ה רְאֵ֔ה מָֽה־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃ פ | either three years of famine, or three months of being harassed by your adversaries with the sword of your enemies advancing on you, or three days of the sword of the Lord and pestilence in the land, and the angel of the Lord ravaging in every region of Israel.’ So now, consider what answer I should give to him who sent me.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:13.
advancing ← overtaking, reaching. region ← border. consider ← see (to). what answer I should give ← what word I should return. |
| 1 Chr 21:13 | וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛יד אֶל־גָּ֖ד צַר־לִ֣י מְאֹ֑ד אֶפְּלָה־נָּ֣א בְיַד־יְהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־רַבִּ֤ים רַחֲמָיו֙ מְאֹ֔ד וּבְיַד־אָדָ֖ם אַל־אֶפֹּֽל׃ | Then David said to Gad, “I am very much in a strait. Let me, then, fall into the hand of the Lord, for his mercies are very great, so I won't fall into the hand of man.” | || 2 Sam 24:14. |
| 1 Chr 21:14 | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה דֶּ֖בֶר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּפֹּל֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃ | So the Lord caused a pestilence in Israel, and seventy thousand men of Israel fell. |
|| 2 Sam 24:15.
caused ← gave, put. men of Israel ← from Israel ... man / person. |
| 1 Chr 21:15 | וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ מַלְאָ֥ךְ ׀ לִֽירוּשָׁלִַם֮ לְהַשְׁחִיתָהּ֒ וּכְהַשְׁחִ֗ית רָאָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם עַל־הָֽרָעָ֔ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַמַּלְאָ֤ךְ הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ רַ֔ב עַתָּ֖ה הֶ֣רֶף יָדֶ֑ךָ וּמַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֔ד עִם־גֹּ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֥ן הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ ס | And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it, but during the destruction, the Lord looked on and grieved over the harm, and he said to the destroying angel, “Enough now; stay your hand.” And the angel of the Lord was standing at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. |
|| 2 Sam 24:16.
destroy ... destruction ... destroying: or ravage ... ravaging ... ravaging. stay ← slacken. Ornan: see 2 Sam 24:16. |
| 1 Chr 21:16 | וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜יד אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ עֹמֵ֗ד בֵּ֤ין הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ נְטוּיָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֨ל דָּוִ֧יד וְהַזְּקֵנִ֛ים מְכֻסִּ֥ים בַּשַּׂקִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And David raised his eyes and saw the angel of the Lord standing between the earth and heaven, with his sword drawn in his hand, stretched out over Jerusalem. And David and the elders, who were covered in sackcloth, fell face down. | face down ← on their faces. |
| 1 Chr 21:17 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֣יד אֶֽל־הָאֱלֹהִ֡ים הֲלֹא֩ אֲנִ֨י אָמַ֜רְתִּי לִמְנ֣וֹת בָּעָ֗ם וַאֲנִי־ה֤וּא אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֙אתִי֙ וְהָרֵ֣עַ הֲרֵע֔וֹתִי וְאֵ֥לֶּה הַצֹּ֖אן מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑וּ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֗י תְּהִ֨י נָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ בִּ֚י וּבְבֵ֣ית אָבִ֔י וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א לְמַגֵּפָֽה׃ ס | And David said to God, “Was it not I who said I would count the people? So I am the one who has sinned, and I have caused this terrible harm, but as for these sheep – what have they done? O Lord my God, may your hand be against me and the house of my father, and not against your people with an attack.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:17.
I have caused this terrible harm: infinitive absolute. |
| 1 Chr 21:18 | וּמַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֶל־גָּ֖ד לֵאמֹ֣ר לְדָוִ֑יד כִּ֣י ׀ יַעֲלֶ֣ה דָוִ֗יד לְהָקִ֤ים מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה בְּגֹ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֥ן הַיְבֻסִֽי׃ | Then the angel of the Lord told Gad to say to David, that David should go up to set up an altar to the Lord at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. | || 2 Sam 24:18. |
| 1 Chr 21:19 | וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִיד֙ בִּדְבַר־גָּ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | So David went up according to the words of Gad who had spoken in the name of the Lord. |
|| 2 Sam 24:19.
words ← word. |
| 1 Chr 21:20 | וַיָּ֣שָׁב אָרְנָ֗ן וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָ֔ךְ וְאַרְבַּ֧עַת בָּנָ֛יו עִמּ֖וֹ מִֽתְחַבְּאִ֑ים וְאָרְנָ֖ן דָּ֥שׁ חִטִּֽים׃ | And Ornan returned and saw the angel, and his four sons with him hid themselves. Now Ornan threshed wheat. | |
| 1 Chr 21:21 | וַיָּבֹ֥א דָוִ֖יד עַד־אָרְנָ֑ן וַיַּבֵּ֤ט אָרְנָן֙ וַיַּ֣רְא אֶת־דָּוִ֔יד וַיֵּצֵא֙ מִן־הַגֹּ֔רֶן וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לְדָוִ֛יד אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ | And David came up to Ornan, and Ornan looked and saw David, and he went out of the threshing floor and prostrated himself to David face down. |
|| 2 Sam 24:20.
down ← to the ground. |
| 1 Chr 21:22 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד אֶל־אָרְנָ֗ן תְּנָה־לִּי֙ מְק֣וֹם הַגֹּ֔רֶן וְאֶבְנֶה־בּ֥וֹ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה בְּכֶ֤סֶף מָלֵא֙ תְּנֵ֣הוּ לִ֔י וְתֵעָצַ֥ר הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל הָעָֽם׃ | And David said to Ornan, “Give me the site of the threshing floor so that I can build an altar to the Lord in it. Give it to me for the full price so that the plague on the people stops.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:21.
so that (2x): purposive use of the vav. price ← money. |
| 1 Chr 21:23 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָרְנָ֤ן אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ קַֽח־לָ֔ךְ וְיַ֛עַשׂ אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַטּ֣וֹב בְּעֵינָ֑יו רְאֵה֩ נָתַ֨תִּי הַבָּקָ֜ר לָֽעֹל֗וֹת וְהַמּוֹרִגִּ֧ים לָעֵצִ֛ים וְהַחִטִּ֥ים לַמִּנְחָ֖ה הַכֹּ֥ל נָתָֽתִּי׃ | And Ornan said to David, “Take it, and let my lord the king do what is right in his sight. Look, I have given you the oxen for the burnt offerings and the threshing boards for wood, and the wheat for the meal-offering. I have given it all.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:22, 2 Sam 24:23.
take ← take for yourself. right ← good. |
| 1 Chr 21:24 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִיד֙ לְאָרְנָ֔ן לֹ֕א כִּֽי־קָנֹ֥ה אֶקְנֶ֖ה בְּכֶ֣סֶף מָלֵ֑א כִּ֠י לֹא־אֶשָּׂ֤א אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וְהַעֲל֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ה חִנָּֽם׃ | Then King David said to Ornan, “No, for I insist on buying it for the full price, for I will not take what is yours for the Lord and offer a burnt offering at no cost.” |
|| 2 Sam 24:24.
I insist on buying: infinitive absolute. price ← money. |
| 1 Chr 21:25 | וַיִּתֵּ֥ן דָּוִ֛יד לְאָרְנָ֖ן בַּמָּק֑וֹם שִׁקְלֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב מִשְׁקָ֖ל שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And David gave Ornan by weight six hundred shekels of gold for the site. | || 2 Sam 24:24. |
| 1 Chr 21:26 | וַיִּבֶן֩ שָׁ֨ם דָּוִ֤יד מִזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַל עֹל֖וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲנֵ֤הוּ בָאֵשׁ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם עַ֖ל מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָֽה׃ פ | And David built an altar to the Lord there, and he offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings, and he called on the Lord. And he answered him with fire from heaven on the altar for the burnt offering. | || 2 Sam 24:25. |
| 1 Chr 21:27 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לַמַּלְאָ֔ךְ וַיָּ֥שֶׁב חַרְבּ֖וֹ אֶל־נְדָנָֽהּ׃ | And the Lord spoke to the angel, and he returned his sword to its sheath. | |
| 1 Chr 21:28 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא בִּרְא֤וֹת דָּוִיד֙ כִּי־עָנָ֣הוּ יְהוָ֔ה בְּגֹ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֣ן הַיְבוּסִ֑י וַיִּזְבַּ֖ח שָֽׁם׃ | At that time, when David saw that the Lord had answered him on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he sacrificed there. | |
| 1 Chr 21:29 | וּמִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְ֠הוָה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֨ה מֹשֶׁ֧ה בַמִּדְבָּ֛ר וּמִזְבַּ֥ח הָעוֹלָ֖ה בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא בַּבָּמָ֖ה בְּגִבְעֽוֹן׃ | And the tabernacle of the Lord which Moses had made in the desert, and the altar for the burnt offering, were at that time at the idolatrous raised site in Gibeon. | Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. |
| 1 Chr 21:30 | וְלֹא־יָכֹ֥ל דָּוִ֛יד לָלֶ֥כֶת לְפָנָ֖יו לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י נִבְעַ֔ת מִפְּנֵ֕י חֶ֖רֶב מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָֽה׃ ס | But David could not go before it to inquire of God, for he was terrified because of the sword of the angel of the Lord. | |
| 1 Chr 22:1 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד זֶ֣ה ה֔וּא בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְזֶה־מִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לְעֹלָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And David said, “This is the house of the Lord God, and this is the altar for the burnt offering for Israel.” | |
| 1 Chr 22:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד לִכְנוֹס֙ אֶת־הַגֵּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲמֵ֣ד חֹֽצְבִ֗ים לַחְצוֹב֙ אַבְנֵ֣י גָזִ֔ית לִבְנ֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And David gave word to gather the foreigners who were in the land of Israel, and he appointed hewers to hew stone, to build the house of God. |
gave word ← said.
stone ← quarried stones. |
| 1 Chr 22:3 | וּבַרְזֶ֣ל ׀ לָ֠רֹב לַֽמִּסְמְרִ֞ים לְדַלְת֧וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֛ים וְלַֽמְחַבְּר֖וֹת הֵכִ֣ין דָּוִ֑יד וּנְחֹ֥שֶׁת לָרֹ֖ב אֵ֥ין מִשְׁקָֽל׃ | And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the cramp irons, and copper in abundance beyond weighing, | beyond weighing ← (there is) not weight. |
| 1 Chr 22:4 | וַעֲצֵ֥י אֲרָזִ֖ים לְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר כִּֽי הֵ֠בִיאוּ הַצִּֽידֹנִ֨ים וְהַצֹּרִ֜ים עֲצֵ֧י אֲרָזִ֛ים לָרֹ֖ב לְדָוִֽיד׃ פ | and innumerable cedar trees, for the Sidonians and the Tyrians brought cedar trees in abundance to David. | Sidonians: see Gen 10:15. |
| 1 Chr 22:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗יד שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִי֮ נַ֣עַר וָרָךְ֒ וְהַבַּ֜יִת לִבְנ֣וֹת לַיהוָ֗ה לְהַגְדִּ֨יל ׀ לְמַ֜עְלָה לְשֵׁ֤ם וּלְתִפְאֶ֙רֶת֙ לְכָל־הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת אָכִ֥ינָה נָּ֖א ל֑וֹ וַיָּ֧כֶן דָּוִ֛יד לָרֹ֖ב לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And David said, “Solomon my son is just a lad and is tender, but the house which is to be built for the Lord is to be sublimely great, for fame and splendour in all the lands. Let me then make preparations for it.” So David made preparations in abundance before his death. |
to be built ← to build.
to be sublimely great ← to become great upwards. for it: or for him (Solomon). |
| 1 Chr 22:6 | וַיִּקְרָ֖א לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֑וֹ וַיְצַוֵּ֙הוּ֙ לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And he called for Solomon his son, and he ordered him to build a house for the Lord God of Israel. | |
| 1 Chr 22:7 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה *בנו **בְּנִ֕י אֲנִי֙ הָיָ֣ה עִם־לְבָבִ֔י לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And David said to Solomon {K: his son, “As for} [Q: “My son, as for] me, it was in my heart to build a house for the name of the Lord my God. | |
| 1 Chr 22:8 | וַיְהִ֨י עָלַ֤י דְּבַר־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּ֤ם לָרֹב֙ שָׁפַ֔כְתָּ וּמִלְחָמ֥וֹת גְּדֹל֖וֹת עָשִׂ֑יתָ לֹֽא־תִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לִשְׁמִ֔י כִּ֚י דָּמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שָׁפַ֥כְתָּ אַ֖רְצָה לְפָנָֽי׃ | But the word of the Lord came to me and said, ‘You have shed blood in abundance and waged great wars. You shall not build a house for my name, because you have shed much blood on the earth before me. |
came to ← became over, but also to, reading the sense of אֶל, el, for עַל, al. Compare 2 Ki 15:19.
on the earth ← onto the earth. |
| 1 Chr 22:9 | הִנֵּה־בֵ֞ן נוֹלָ֣ד לָ֗ךְ ה֤וּא יִהְיֶה֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְנוּחָ֔ה וַהֲנִח֥וֹתִי ל֛וֹ מִכָּל־אוֹיְבָ֖יו מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּ֤י שְׁלֹמֹה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׁמ֔וֹ וְשָׁל֥וֹם וָשֶׁ֛קֶט אֶתֵּ֥ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּיָמָֽיו׃ | Look, a son is to be born to you. He will be a man of rest, and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about. For Solomon will be his name, and I will grant peace and quiet over Israel in his days. | is to be born: gerundival use of the niphal participle. |
| 1 Chr 22:10 | הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לִשְׁמִ֔י וְהוּא֙ יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְבֵ֔ן וַאֲנִי־ל֖וֹ לְאָ֑ב וַהֲכִ֨ינוֹתִ֜י כִּסֵּ֧א מַלְכוּת֛וֹ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | He will build a house for my name, and he will be a son to me, and I a father to him. And I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel age-abidingly.’ | |
| 1 Chr 22:11 | עַתָּ֣ה בְנִ֔י יְהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהִצְלַחְתָּ֗ וּבָנִ֙יתָ֙ בֵּ֚ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶֽיךָ׃ | So now, my son, may the Lord be with you, and may you prosper, and build the house of the Lord your God as he has spoken concerning you. | |
| 1 Chr 22:12 | אַ֣ךְ יִֽתֶּן־לְּךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ שֵׂ֣כֶל וּבִינָ֔ה וִֽיצַוְּךָ֖ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלִשְׁמ֕וֹר אֶת־תּוֹרַ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ | But may the Lord give you intelligence and understanding, and may he put you in charge of Israel, and charge you to keep the law of the Lord your God. | |
| 1 Chr 22:13 | אָ֣ז תַּצְלִ֔יחַ אִם־תִּשְׁמ֗וֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת׃ | Then you will prosper – if you take heed to observe the statutes and the ordinances which the Lord commanded Moses concerning Israel. Be strong and courageous; do not fear and do not be dismayed. | observe ← do. |
| 1 Chr 22:14 | וְהִנֵּ֨ה בְעָנְיִ֜י הֲכִינ֣וֹתִי לְבֵית־יְהוָ֗ה זָהָ֞ב כִּכָּרִ֤ים מֵֽאָה־אֶ֙לֶף֙ וְכֶ֗סֶף אֶ֤לֶף אֲלָפִים֙ כִּכָּרִ֔ים וְלַנְּחֹ֤שֶׁת וְלַבַּרְזֶל֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁקָ֔ל כִּ֥י לָרֹ֖ב הָיָ֑ה וְעֵצִ֤ים וַאֲבָנִים֙ הֲכִינ֔וֹתִי וַעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם תּוֹסִֽיף׃ | And look, in my affliction I have prepared for the house of the Lord one hundred thousand talents of gold, and one million talents of silver, and copper and iron beyond weighing, for it was present in abundance, and I have prepared wood and stone to which you can add. | talents (2x): see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Chr 22:15 | וְעִמְּךָ֤ לָרֹב֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י מְלָאכָ֔ה חֹצְבִ֕ים וְחָרָשֵׁ֥י אֶ֖בֶן וָעֵ֑ץ וְכָל־חָכָ֖ם בְּכָל־מְלָאכָֽה׃ | And there are craftsmen with you in abundance – hewers and artisans in stone and wood, and every kind of skilled person in every kind of artisanry – | craftsmen ← doers of craft. |
| 1 Chr 22:16 | לַזָּהָ֥ב לַכֶּ֛סֶף וְלַנְּחֹ֥שֶׁת וְלַבַּרְזֶ֖ל אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר ק֣וּם וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה וִיהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | and they are innumerable, artisans in gold, in silver, in copper and in iron. Arise and act, and may the Lord be with you.” | |
| 1 Chr 22:17 | וַיְצַ֤ו דָּוִיד֙ לְכָל־שָׂרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעְזֹ֖ר לִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | Then David commanded all the senior officials of Israel to assist Solomon his son. | |
| 1 Chr 22:18 | הֲלֹ֨א יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵנִ֥יחַ לָכֶ֖ם מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּ֣י ׀ נָתַ֣ן בְּיָדִ֗י אֵ֚ת יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וְנִכְבְּשָׁ֥ה הָאָ֛רֶץ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹ׃ | And he said, “Is not the Lord your God with you, and hasn't he given you rest all around? For he delivered the inhabitants of the land into my hand, and the land was conquered before the Lord and before his people. | |
| 1 Chr 22:19 | עַתָּ֗ה תְּנ֤וּ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְנַפְשְׁכֶ֔ם לִדְר֖וֹשׁ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְק֗וּמוּ וּבְנוּ֙ אֶת־מִקְדַּשׁ֙ יְהוָ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהָבִ֞יא אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֗ה וּכְלֵי֙ קֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לַבַּ֖יִת הַנִּבְנֶ֥ה לְשֵׁם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ | Now apply your hearts and souls to seeking the Lord your God, and arise and build the sanctuary of the Lord God, for bringing the ark of the covenant of the Lord and the holy equipment of God to the house which is to be built for the name of the Lord.” |
apply your hearts ← give / put your heart.
to seeking ... for bringing: gerundial use of the infinitive. is to be built: gerundival usage of the niphal participle. |
| 1 Chr 23:1 | וְדָוִ֥יד זָקֵ֖ן וְשָׂבַ֣ע יָמִ֑ים וַיַּמְלֵ֛ךְ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then when David was old and with his fill of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel. | with his fill of days ← satiated (with) days. |
| 1 Chr 23:2 | וַיֶּאֱסֹף֙ אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And he gathered all the officials of Israel, and the priests and the Levites. | |
| 1 Chr 23:3 | וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה וַיְהִ֨י מִסְפָּרָ֤ם לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם֙ לִגְבָרִ֔ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמוֹנָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ | And the Levites were counted, from thirty years old and above, and their number by headcount was thirty-eight thousand men. |
headcount ← their skulls.
men ← for men. |
| 1 Chr 23:4 | מֵאֵ֗לֶּה לְנַצֵּ֙חַ֙ עַל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת בֵּית־יְהוָ֔ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָ֑לֶף וְשֹׁטְרִ֥ים וְשֹׁפְטִ֖ים שֵׁ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | Of these, twenty-four thousand were to superintend the work of the house of the Lord, whereas six thousand were overseers and judges. | |
| 1 Chr 23:5 | וְאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים שֹׁעֲרִ֑ים וְאַרְבַּ֤עַת אֲלָפִים֙ מְהַֽלְלִ֣ים לַיהוָ֔ה בַּכֵּלִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְהַלֵּֽל׃ | And there were four thousand gatekeepers and four thousand who praised the Lord with instruments, “Which”, David said, “I made for praising.” | praising: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 23:6 | וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖יד מַחְלְק֑וֹת ס לִבְנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י לְגֵרְשׁ֖וֹן קְהָ֥ת וּמְרָרִֽי׃ ס | And David assigned them in divisions, according with the sons of Levi – Gershon, Kohath and Merari. | assigned them in divisions ← divided them. |
| 1 Chr 23:7 | לַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֖י לַעְדָּ֥ן וְשִׁמְעִֽי׃ ס | According with the Gershonites were Ladan and Shimei. | Ladan: see 1 Chr 7:26. |
| 1 Chr 23:8 | בְּנֵ֣י לַעְדָּ֗ן הָרֹ֧אשׁ יְחִיאֵ֛ל וְזֵתָ֥ם וְיוֹאֵ֖ל שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ ס | The sons of Ladan were Jehiel the head, and Zetham and Joel – three of them. | Ladan: see 1 Chr 7:26. |
| 1 Chr 23:9 | בְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְעִ֗י *שלמות **שְׁלוֹמִ֧ית וַחֲזִיאֵ֛ל וְהָרָ֖ן שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה אֵ֛לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֥י הָאָב֖וֹת לְלַעְדָּֽן׃ ס | The sons of Shimei were {Q: Shelomith} [K: Shelomoth] and Haziel and Haran – three of them. These were the paternal heads belonging to Ladan. | Ladan: see 1 Chr 7:26. |
| 1 Chr 23:10 | וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְעִ֔י יַ֣חַת זִינָ֔א וִיע֖וּשׁ וּבְרִיעָ֑ה אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵי־שִׁמְעִ֖י אַרְבָּעָֽה׃ | The sons of Shimei were Jahath, Zina and Jeush and Beriah. These sons of Shimei were four in number. | |
| 1 Chr 23:11 | וַֽיְהִי־יַ֣חַת הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְזִיזָ֖ה הַשֵּׁנִ֑י וִיע֤וּשׁ וּבְרִיעָה֙ לֹֽא־הִרְבּ֣וּ בָנִ֔ים וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָ֔ב לִפְקֻדָּ֖ה אֶחָֽת׃ ס | And Jahath was the head, and Zizah the second, but Jeush and Beriah did not have many sons, and they became the paternal house of one appointed line. | |
| 1 Chr 23:12 | בְּנֵ֣י קְהָ֗ת עַמְרָ֥ם יִצְהָ֛ר חֶבְר֥וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעָֽה׃ ס | The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel – four of them. | |
| 1 Chr 23:13 | בְּנֵ֥י עַמְרָ֖ם אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּבָּדֵ֣ל אַהֲרֹ֡ן לְֽהַקְדִּישׁוֹ֩ קֹ֨דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֤ים הֽוּא־וּבָנָיו֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם לְהַקְטִיר֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֧ה לְשָׁרְת֛וֹ וּלְבָרֵ֥ךְ בִּשְׁמ֖וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | The sons of Amram were Aaron and Moses. And Aaron was separated so as to consecrate him for the holy of holies – he and his sons age-abidingly – to burn incense before the Lord, to serve him and to bless in his name age-abidingly. | consecrate him: we take this as an objective genitive. AV differs, taking it as subjective (that he should sanctify). |
| 1 Chr 23:14 | וּמֹשֶׁ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּנָ֕יו יִקָּרְא֖וּ עַל־שֵׁ֥בֶט הַלֵּוִֽי׃ | And as Moses was a man of God, his sons were called after the tribe of Levi. | |
| 1 Chr 23:15 | בְּנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה גֵּרְשֹׁ֖ם וֶאֱלִיעֶֽזֶר׃ | The sons of Moses were Gershom and Eliezer. | |
| 1 Chr 23:16 | בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֖וֹם שְׁבוּאֵ֥ל הָרֹֽאשׁ׃ | The sons of Gershom were Shebuel the head and his line. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 23:17 | וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־אֱלִיעֶ֖זֶר רְחַבְיָ֣ה הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְלֹא־הָיָ֤ה לֶאֱלִיעֶ֙זֶר֙ בָּנִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וּבְנֵ֥י רְחַבְיָ֖ה רָב֥וּ לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And the sons of Eliezer were Rehabiah the head and his line. Now Eliezer did not have any other sons, but the sons of Rehabiah were ever so many. |
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3.
were ever so many ← were many to upwards. |
| 1 Chr 23:18 | בְּנֵ֥י יִצְהָ֖ר שְׁלֹמִ֥ית הָרֹֽאשׁ׃ ס | The sons of Izhar were Shelomith the head and his line. | and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 23:19 | בְּנֵ֖י חֶבְר֑וֹן יְרִיָּ֤הוּ הָרֹאשׁ֙ אֲמַרְיָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֔י יַחֲזִיאֵל֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י וִֽיקַמְעָ֖ם הָרְבִיעִֽי׃ | The sons of Hebron were Jeriah the head, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekamam the fourth. | Jekamam ← Jekam'am. AV= Jekameam, not recognizing that the middle syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 23:20 | בְּנֵ֖י עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִיכָ֣ה הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְיִשִּׁיָּ֖ה הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ ס | The sons of Uzziel were Micah the head and Jishshiah the second. |
Micah: AV= Michah.
Jishshiah: AV= Jesiah. |
| 1 Chr 23:21 | בְּנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֔י בְּנֵ֥י מַחְלִ֖י אֶלְעָזָ֥ר וְקִֽישׁ׃ | The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. The sons of Mahli were Eleazar and Kish. | |
| 1 Chr 23:22 | וַיָּ֙מָת֙ אֶלְעָזָ֔ר וְלֹא־הָ֥יוּ ל֛וֹ בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וַיִּשָּׂא֥וּם בְּנֵי־קִ֖ישׁ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ | But Eleazar died, and he didn't have any sons, but daughters, and the sons of Kish their brothers took them as wives. | brothers: standing for cousins. |
| 1 Chr 23:23 | בְּנֵ֣י מוּשִׁ֗י מַחְלִ֥י וְעֵ֛דֶר וִירֵמ֖וֹת שְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ | The sons of Mushi were Mahli and Eder and Jeremoth – three of them. | Jeremoth: Jerimoth in 1 Chr 24:30. |
| 1 Chr 23:24 | אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵֽי־לֵוִי֩ לְבֵ֨ית אֲבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם רָאשֵׁ֧י הָאָב֣וֹת לִפְקוּדֵיהֶ֗ם בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שֵׁמוֹת֙ לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם עֹשֵׂה֙ הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה לַעֲבֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָֽעְלָה׃ | These were the sons of Levi according to the house of their fathers – the paternal heads by their appointed lines – with the number of names corresponding to their headcount, performing service in the work of the house of the Lord, from twenty years old upwards. | headcount ← skulls. |
| 1 Chr 23:25 | כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר דָּוִ֔יד הֵנִ֛יחַ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעַמּ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֥ן בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עַד־לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | For David had said, “The Lord God of Israel has given rest to his people, and he will dwell in Jerusalem age-abidingly, | he: or, with AV, they. The verb is singular, but it could collectively reference his people. So AV differs. |
| 1 Chr 23:26 | וְגַ֖ם לַלְוִיִּ֑ם אֵין־לָשֵׂ֧את אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֖יו לַעֲבֹדָתֽוֹ׃ | and also to the Levites because there will be no need to transport the tabernacle and all the equipment for its service.” | transport ← lift, carry. |
| 1 Chr 23:27 | כִּ֣י בְדִבְרֵ֤י דָוִיד֙ הָאַ֣חֲרֹנִ֔ים הֵ֖מָּה מִסְפַּ֣ר בְּנֵי־לֵוִ֑י מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | For in the last words of David, the number of the sons of Levi is reckoned from twenty years old and above, | |
| 1 Chr 23:28 | כִּ֣י מַעֲמָדָ֞ם לְיַד־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן לַעֲבֹדַת֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה עַל־הַחֲצֵרוֹת֙ וְעַל־הַלְּשָׁכ֔וֹת וְעַֽל־טָהֳרַ֖ת לְכָל־קֹ֑דֶשׁ וּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֔ה עֲבֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | because their position was as an accessory to the sons of Aaron in the work of the house of the Lord concerning the courtyards and the offices and the purity of all holy equipment, and the work of the service of the house of God, |
position ← standing.
accessory ← hand; side. |
| 1 Chr 23:29 | וּלְלֶ֨חֶם הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֜כֶת וּלְסֹ֤לֶת לְמִנְחָה֙ וְלִרְקִיקֵ֣י הַמַּצּ֔וֹת וְלַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת וְלַמֻּרְבָּ֑כֶת וּלְכָל־מְשׂוּרָ֖ה וּמִדָּֽה׃ | including the showbread and the fine flour for the meal-offering, and the thin cakes of unleavened bread, and the baking dish and the stirrer, and for every measure and quantity, |
including ← and.
the stirrer: AV differs (that which is fried), but that which is mixed is possible. |
| 1 Chr 23:30 | וְלַעֲמֹד֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר לְהֹד֥וֹת וּלְהַלֵּ֖ל לַיהוָ֑ה וְכֵ֖ן לָעָֽרֶב׃ | and to stand every morning to give thanks to and to praise the Lord, and similarly in the evening, | |
| 1 Chr 23:31 | וּלְכֹ֨ל הַעֲל֤וֹת עֹלוֹת֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לַשַּׁבָּת֔וֹת לֶחֳדָשִׁ֖ים וְלַמֹּעֲדִ֑ים בְּמִסְפָּ֨ר כְּמִשְׁפָּ֧ט עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם תָּמִ֖יד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | and to stand for all the offering of burnt offerings to the Lord, on the Sabbaths, the new moons, the festival days, in number according to the ordinance imposed on them, continually before the Lord. | new moons: or (first day of the) months. |
| 1 Chr 23:32 | וְשָׁמְר֞וּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֗ד וְאֵת֙ מִשְׁמֶ֣רֶת הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וּמִשְׁמֶ֕רֶת בְּנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֲחֵיהֶ֑ם לַעֲבֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And they kept guard of the tent of contact and guard of the sanctuary and guard of the sons of Aaron, their brothers, in the work of the house of the Lord. | |
| 1 Chr 24:1 | וְלִבְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן מַחְלְקוֹתָ֑ם בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן נָדָב֙ וַאֲבִיה֔וּא אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃ | And the sons of Aaron had their divisions. The sons of Aaron were Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. | |
| 1 Chr 24:2 | וַיָּ֨מָת נָדָ֤ב וַאֲבִיהוּא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲבִיהֶ֔ם וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־הָי֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַֽיְכַהֲנ֔וּ אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאִיתָמָֽר׃ | But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and they did not have any sons. So Eleazar and Ithamar officiated as priests. | |
| 1 Chr 24:3 | וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵ֣ם דָּוִ֔יד וְצָדוֹק֙ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י אֶלְעָזָ֔ר וַאֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י אִיתָמָ֑ר לִפְקֻדָּתָ֖ם בַּעֲבֹדָתָֽם׃ | And David assigned them in divisions, both Zadok from the sons of Eleazar and Ahimelech from the sons of Ithamar, according to their assignment in their work. |
assigned them in divisions ← divided them.
assignment ← charge, precept. |
| 1 Chr 24:4 | וַיִּמָּצְא֣וּ בְֽנֵי־אֶלְעָזָ֡ר רַבִּ֞ים לְרָאשֵׁ֧י הַגְּבָרִ֛ים מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אִיתָמָ֖ר וַֽיַּחְלְק֑וּם לִבְנֵ֨י אֶלְעָזָ֜ר רָאשִׁ֤ים לְבֵית־אָבוֹת֙ שִׁשָּׁ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ר וְלִבְנֵ֧י אִיתָמָ֛ר לְבֵ֥ית אֲבוֹתָ֖ם שְׁמוֹנָֽה׃ | And the sons of Eleazar were found to be more numerous as heads of the warriors than the sons of Ithamar, and they divided them into sixteen sons of Eleazar as heads of the paternal house, and eight sons of Ithamar as their paternal house. | |
| 1 Chr 24:5 | וַיַּחְלְק֥וּם בְּגוֹרָל֖וֹת אֵ֣לֶּה עִם־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּי־הָי֤וּ שָֽׂרֵי־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִבְּנֵ֥י אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וּבִבְנֵ֥י אִיתָמָֽר׃ ס | And they divided them by lot, into groups, for there were masters of the sanctuary, and masters of things pertaining to God, from the sons of Eleazar and among the sons of Ithamar. | into groups ← these with these. |
| 1 Chr 24:6 | וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֡ם שְֽׁמַֽעְיָה֩ בֶן־נְתַנְאֵ֨ל הַסּוֹפֵ֜ר מִן־הַלֵּוִ֗י לִפְנֵ֨י הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ וְצָד֣וֹק הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וַאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בֶּן־אֶבְיָתָ֔ר וְרָאשֵׁי֙ הָֽאָב֔וֹת לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֑ם בֵּֽית־אָ֣ב אֶחָ֗ד אָחֻז֙ לְאֶלְעָזָ֔ר וְאָחֻ֥ז ׀ אָחֻ֖ז לְאִיתָמָֽר׃ פ | And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe registered them, he being of the Levites who officiated before the king and the officials: both Zadok the priest and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the paternal heads, as priests and Levites, registering them with one paternal house being taken for Eleazar and another being taken for Ithamar. |
Nethaneel: see Num 1:8.
registered ← wrote. Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Chr 24:7 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֤ל הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ לִיה֣וֹיָרִ֔יב לִֽידַעְיָ֖ה הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | And the first lot fell to Jehoiarib; the second to Jedaiah; | fell ← went out. |
| 1 Chr 24:8 | לְחָרִם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לִשְׂעֹרִ֖ים הָרְבִעִֽי׃ | the third to Harim; the fourth to Seorim; | |
| 1 Chr 24:9 | לְמַלְכִּיָּה֙ הַחֲמִישִׁ֔י לְמִיָּמִ֖ן הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ | the fifth to Malchijah; the sixth to Mijamin; | |
| 1 Chr 24:10 | לְהַקּוֹץ֙ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י לַאֲבִיָּ֖ה הַשְּׁמִינִֽי׃ | the seventh to Hakkoz; the eighth to Abijah; | |
| 1 Chr 24:11 | לְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙ הַתְּשִׁעִ֔י לִשְׁכַנְיָ֖הוּ הָעֲשִׂרִֽי׃ | the ninth to Jeshua; the tenth to Shecaniah; | Jeshua: a form of the presumed Hebrew underlying the name Jesus; LXX= Ἰησοῦς. |
| 1 Chr 24:12 | לְאֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עָשָׂ֔ר לְיָקִ֖ים שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | the eleventh to Eliashib; the twelfth to Jakim; | |
| 1 Chr 24:13 | לְחֻפָּה֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ר לְיֶֽשֶׁבְאָ֖ב אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | the thirteenth to Huppah; the fourteenth to Jeshebab; | Jeshebab ← Jesheb'ab. AV= Jeshebeab, not recognizing that the middle syllable is closed. See Gen 31:21. |
| 1 Chr 24:14 | לְבִלְגָּה֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ר לְאִמֵּ֖ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | the fifteenth to Bilgah; the sixteenth to Immer; | |
| 1 Chr 24:15 | לְחֵזִיר֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ר לְהַפִּצֵּ֖ץ שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | the seventeenth to Hezir; the eighteenth to Happizzez; | Happizzez: AV= Aphses. |
| 1 Chr 24:16 | לִֽפְתַחְיָה֙ תִּשְׁעָ֣ה עָשָׂ֔ר לִֽיחֶזְקֵ֖אל הָעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | the nineteenth to Pethahiah; the twentieth to Ezekiel; | Ezekiel ← Jehezkel. AV= Jehezekel, not recognizing that the middle syllable is closed. We render consistently with the name of the prophet Ezekiel. |
| 1 Chr 24:17 | לְיָכִין֙ אֶחָ֣ד וְעֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְגָמ֖וּל שְׁנַ֥יִם וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | the twenty-first to Jachin; the twenty-second to Gamul; | |
| 1 Chr 24:18 | לִדְלָיָ֙הוּ֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֔ים לְמַֽעַזְיָ֖הוּ אַרְבָּעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ פ | the twenty-third to Delaiah; the twenty-fourth to Maaziah. | |
| 1 Chr 24:19 | אֵ֣לֶּה פְקֻדָּתָ֞ם לַעֲבֹדָתָ֗ם לָב֤וֹא לְבֵית־יְהוָה֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֲבִיהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔הוּ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | These were their assignments in their work: to come to the house of the Lord, according to their ordinance, in the authority of Aaron their father, as the Lord God of Israel had commanded him. |
assignments: see 1 Chr 24:3.
authority ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 24:20 | וְלִבְנֵ֥י לֵוִ֖י הַנּוֹתָרִ֑ים לִבְנֵ֤י עַמְרָם֙ שֽׁוּבָאֵ֔ל לִבְנֵ֥י שׁוּבָאֵ֖ל יֶחְדְּיָֽהוּ׃ | And the remaining sons of Levi were: of the sons of Amram, Shubael; of the sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah; | |
| 1 Chr 24:21 | לִרְחַבְיָ֑הוּ לִבְנֵ֣י רְחַבְיָ֔הוּ הָרֹ֖אשׁ יִשִּׁיָּֽה׃ | of Rehabiah, of the sons of Rehabiah, the head, Jishshiah; | Jishshiah: AV= Isshiah. |
| 1 Chr 24:22 | לַיִּצְהָרִ֣י שְׁלֹמ֔וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י שְׁלֹמ֖וֹת יָֽחַת׃ | of the Izharites, Shelomith; of the sons of Shelomith, Jahath; | Shelomith (2x) ← Shelomoth, but we align with 1 Chr 23:18 and the text or qeré almost everywhere else. |
| 1 Chr 24:23 | וּבְנָ֖י יְרִיָּ֑הוּ אֲמַרְיָ֙הוּ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י יַחֲזִיאֵל֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י יְקַמְעָ֖ם הָרְבִיעִֽי׃ | and my sons, Jeriah, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekamam the fourth; |
and my sons: AV differs (of Hebron). Of necessity we re-point to וּבָנַי. In 1 Chr 23:19 it is and the sons of Hebron. Introducing a name here (Benai) spoils the counting. But if the consonantal text is correct, this ↴
Jekamam: see 1 Chr 23:19. |
| 1 Chr 24:24 | בְּנֵ֤י עֻזִּיאֵל֙ מִיכָ֔ה לִבְנֵ֥י מִיכָ֖ה *שמור **שָׁמִֽיר׃ | of the sons of Uzziel, Micah; of the sons of Micah, {Q: Shamir} [K: Shamur]; |
↳ names the scribe (compare Rom 16:22) of 1 Chronicles – Hebron – whereas the prophets receiving the divine words were Samuel, Gad and Nathan (1 Chr 29:29-30).
Micah (2x): AV= Michah. |
| 1 Chr 24:25 | אֲחִ֤י מִיכָה֙ יִשִּׁיָּ֔ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִשִּׁיָּ֖ה זְכַרְיָֽהוּ׃ | of the brother of Micah, Jishshiah; of the sons of Jishshiah, Zechariah. |
Micah: AV= Michah.
Jishshiah (2x): AV= Isshiah. |
| 1 Chr 24:26 | בְּנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֔י בְּנֵ֖י יַעֲזִיָּ֥הֽוּ בְנֽוֹ׃ | The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi; the sons of Jaaziah were Beno and his line; |
Beno: this means his son. Compare 1 Chr 15:18 (Ben).
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 24:27 | בְּנֵ֖י מְרָרִ֑י לְיַֽעֲזִיָּ֣הֽוּ בְנ֔וֹ וְשֹׁ֥הַם וְזַכּ֖וּר וְעִבְרִֽי׃ | the sons of Merari – those to Jaaziah – were Beno and Shoham and Zaccur and Ibri; | |
| 1 Chr 24:28 | לְמַחְלִי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֔ר וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ בָּנִֽים׃ | of Mahli, Eleazar, but he did not have any sons; | |
| 1 Chr 24:29 | לְקִ֖ישׁ בְּנֵי־קִ֥ישׁ יְרַחְמְאֵֽל׃ | of Kish, the sons of Kish were Jerahmeel and his line; |
Jerahmeel: an accurate transliteration, unlike some other AV names ending in -eel.
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 24:30 | וּבְנֵ֣י מוּשִׁ֔י מַחְלִ֥י וְעֵ֖דֶר וִירִימ֑וֹת אֵ֛לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | and the sons of Mushi were Mahli and Eder and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites according to their paternal house. | Jerimoth: Jerimoth in 1 Chr 23:23. |
| 1 Chr 24:31 | וַיַּפִּילוּ֩ גַם־הֵ֨ם גּוֹרָל֜וֹת לְעֻמַּ֣ת ׀ אֲחֵיהֶ֣ם בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹ֗ן לִפְנֵ֨י דָוִ֤יד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְצָד֣וֹק וַאֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְרָאשֵׁי֙ הָֽאָב֔וֹת לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֑ם אָב֣וֹת הָרֹ֔אשׁ לְעֻמַּ֖ת אָחִ֥יו הַקָּטָֽן׃ ס | And these also cast lots in the same way as their brothers, the sons of Aaron, in the presence of King David and Zadok and Ahimelech and the paternal heads of the priests and of the Levites – the fathers at the head in the same way as their younger brother. | brother: AV differs (brethren), as if reading אֶחָיו. |
| 1 Chr 25:1 | וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל דָּוִיד֩ וְשָׂרֵ֨י הַצָּבָ֜א לַעֲבֹדָ֗ה לִבְנֵ֤י אָסָף֙ וְהֵימָ֣ן וִֽידוּת֔וּן *הנביאים **הַֽנִּבְּאִ֛ים בְּכִנֹּר֥וֹת בִּנְבָלִ֖ים וּבִמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם וַֽיְהִי֙ מִסְפָּרָ֔ם אַנְשֵׁ֥י מְלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲבֹדָתָֽם׃ | And David and the commanders of the army separated some of the sons of Asaph, and Heman and Jeduthun for the work – {K: the prophets} [Q: who prophesied] with harps and lutes and timbrels. And the enumeration of them – men skilled for their work – was as follows: | of Asaph, and Heman and Jeduthun: AV differs (of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun). |
| 1 Chr 25:2 | לִבְנֵ֣י אָסָ֗ף זַכּ֧וּר וְיוֹסֵ֛ף וּנְתַנְיָ֥ה וַאֲשַׂרְאֵ֖לָה בְּנֵ֣י אָסָ֑ף עַ֚ל יַד־אָסָ֔ף הַנִּבָּ֖א עַל־יְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | of the sons of Asaph, Zaccur and Joseph and Nethaniah and Asarelah, the sons of Asaph, under the auspices of Asaph the prophet, under the auspices of the king; | under the auspices of (2x) ← at the hand of ... at the hands of. |
| 1 Chr 25:3 | לִידוּת֑וּן בְּנֵ֣י יְדוּת֡וּן גְּדַלְיָ֡הוּ וּצְרִ֡י וִֽ֠ישַׁעְיָהוּ חֲשַׁבְיָ֨הוּ וּמַתִּתְיָ֜הוּ שִׁשָּׁ֗ה עַל֩ יְדֵ֨י אֲבִיהֶ֤ם יְדוּתוּן֙ בַּכִּנּ֔וֹר הַנִּבָּ֕א עַל־הֹד֥וֹת וְהַלֵּ֖ל לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | of Jeduthun, the sons of Jeduthun were Gedaliah and Zeri and Isaiah, Hashabiah and Mattithiah – six of them, under the auspices of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with the harp to give thanks and to praise the Lord; |
Isaiah: AV= Jeshaiah here.
six: the sixth, from 1 Chr 25:17, is Shimei. under the auspices of ← at the hands of. |
| 1 Chr 25:4 | לְהֵימָ֑ן בְּנֵ֣י הֵימָ֡ן בֻּקִּיָּ֡הוּ מַתַּנְיָ֡הוּ עֻ֠זִּיאֵל שְׁבוּאֵ֨ל וִֽירִימ֜וֹת חֲנַנְיָ֣ה חֲנָ֗נִי אֱלִיאָ֤תָה גִדַּ֙לְתִּי֙ וְרֹמַ֣מְתִּי עֶ֔זֶר יָשְׁבְּקָ֣שָׁה מַלּ֔וֹתִי הוֹתִ֖יר מַחֲזִיאֽוֹת׃ | of Heman, the sons of Heman were Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti and Romamti-Ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir and Mahazioth. | |
| 1 Chr 25:5 | כָּל־אֵ֨לֶּה בָנִ֜ים לְהֵימָ֗ן חֹזֵ֥ה הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ בְּדִבְרֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לְהָרִ֣ים קָ֑רֶן וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים לְהֵימָ֗ן בָּנִ֛ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר וּבָנ֥וֹת שָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃ | All these were the sons of Heman, the king's seer in the words of God, to enhance his prestige, and God gave Heman fourteen sons and three daughters. |
words: or affairs.
enhance his prestige ← raise a horn. |
| 1 Chr 25:6 | כָּל־אֵ֣לֶּה עַל־יְדֵי֩ אֲבִיהֶ֨ם בַּשִּׁ֜יר בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֗ה בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ נְבָלִ֣ים וְכִנֹּר֔וֹת לַעֲבֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים עַ֚ל יְדֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ ס אָסָ֥ף וִידוּת֖וּן וְהֵימָֽן׃ | All these were under the auspices of their father, in song at the house of the Lord with timbrels, lutes and harps for the work of the house of God, under the auspices of the king, they being the lines of Asaph, Jeduthun and Heman. | under the auspices of (2x) ← at the hands of. |
| 1 Chr 25:7 | וַיְהִ֤י מִסְפָּרָם֙ עִם־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם מְלֻמְּדֵי־שִׁ֖יר לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הַ֨מֵּבִ֔ין מָאתַ֖יִם שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים וּשְׁמוֹנָֽה׃ | So the number of them with their brothers who were trained in singing to the Lord – everyone who was skilled – was two hundred and eighty-eight. | |
| 1 Chr 25:8 | וַיַּפִּ֜ילוּ גּוֹרָל֣וֹת מִשְׁמֶ֗רֶת לְעֻמַּת֙ כַּקָּטֹ֣ן כַּגָּד֔וֹל מֵבִ֖ין עִם־תַּלְמִֽיד׃ פ | And they cast lots for the guardianship, small and great in the same way, the skillful with the learner. | for: taking לְעֻמַּת as a postpositive preposition, but this is exceptional, perhaps uniquely so, and compare 1 Chr 26:16. |
| 1 Chr 25:9 | וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֧ל הָרִאשׁ֛וֹן לְאָסָ֖ף לְיוֹסֵ֑ף גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י הֽוּא־וְאֶחָ֥יו וּבָנָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | And Asaph's first lot fell on Joseph; the second on Gedaliah. He and his brothers and his sons were twelve in number. |
Asaph: the high priest.
fell on ← went out to. |
| 1 Chr 25:10 | הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֣י זַכּ֔וּר בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The third fell on Zaccur; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:11 | הָרְבִיעִי֙ לַיִּצְרִ֔י בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The fourth fell on Izri; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:12 | הַחֲמִישִׁ֣י נְתַנְיָ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The fifth fell on Nethaniah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:13 | הַשִּׁשִּׁ֣י בֻקִּיָּ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The sixth fell on Bukkiah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:14 | הַשְּׁבִעִ֣י יְשַׂרְאֵ֔לָה בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The seventh fell on Jesarelah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | Jesarelah: AV= Jesharelah. |
| 1 Chr 25:15 | הַשְּׁמִינִ֣י יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The eighth fell on Isaiah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | Isaiah: AV= Jeshaiah here. |
| 1 Chr 25:16 | הַתְּשִׁיעִ֣י מַתַּנְיָ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The ninth fell on Mattaniah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:17 | הָעֲשִׂירִ֣י שִׁמְעִ֔י בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The tenth fell on Shimei; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:18 | עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ר עֲזַרְאֵ֔ל בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The eleventh fell on Azarel; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | Azarel: see Ezra 10:41. |
| 1 Chr 25:19 | הַשְּׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לַחֲשַׁבְיָ֔ה בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | The twelfth fell on Hashabiah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:20 | לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ שֽׁוּבָאֵ֔ל בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the thirteenth, it fell on Shubael; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:21 | לְאַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ מַתִּתְיָ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the fourteenth, it fell on Mattithiah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:22 | לַחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לִֽירֵמ֔וֹת בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the fifteenth, it fell on Jeremoth; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:23 | לְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לַחֲנַנְיָ֔הוּ בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the sixteenth, it fell on Hananiah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:24 | לְשִׁבְעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְיָשְׁבְּקָ֔שָׁה בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the seventeenth, it fell on Joshbekashah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:25 | לִשְׁמוֹנָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לַחֲנָ֔נִי בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the eighteenth, it fell on Hanani; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:26 | לְתִשְׁעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְמַלּ֔וֹתִי בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the nineteenth, it fell on Mallothi; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:27 | לְעֶשְׂרִים֙ לֶֽאֱלִיָּ֔תָה בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the twentieth, it fell on Eliathah; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:28 | לְאֶחָ֤ד וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ לְהוֹתִ֔יר בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for twenty-first, it fell on Hothir; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:29 | לִשְׁנַ֤יִם וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ לְגִדַּ֔לְתִּי בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the twenty-second, it fell on Giddalti; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:30 | לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ לְמַ֣חֲזִיא֔וֹת בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ | As for the twenty-third, it fell on Mahazioth; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 25:31 | לְאַרְבָּעָ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ לְרוֹמַ֣מְתִּי עָ֔זֶר בָּנָ֥יו וְאֶחָ֖יו שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃ פ | As for the twenty-fourth it fell on Romamti-Ezer; he and his sons and his brothers were twelve in number. | |
| 1 Chr 26:1 | לְמַחְלְק֖וֹת לְשֹׁעֲרִ֑ים לַקָּרְחִ֕ים מְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־קֹרֵ֖א מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָסָֽף׃ | For the divisions of the gatekeepers, the lot fell to the Korhites. Meshelemiah was the son of Kore, from the sons of Asaph, | |
| 1 Chr 26:2 | וְלִמְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֖הוּ בָּנִ֑ים זְכַרְיָ֤הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יְדִֽיעֲאֵ֣ל הַשֵּׁנִ֔י זְבַדְיָ֙הוּ֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י יַתְנִיאֵ֖ל הָרְבִיעִֽי׃ | and the sons of Meshelemiah were Zechariah the firstborn, Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth, | |
| 1 Chr 26:3 | עֵילָ֤ם הַחֲמִישִׁי֙ יְהוֹחָנָ֣ן הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י אֶלְיְהוֹעֵינַ֖י הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי׃ | Elam the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Eliehoenai the seventh. | Eliehoenai: AV= Elioenai. See Ezra 8:4. |
| 1 Chr 26:4 | וּלְעֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֖ם בָּנִ֑ים שְׁמַֽעְיָ֤ה הַבְּכוֹר֙ יְהוֹזָבָ֣ד הַשֵּׁנִ֔י יוֹאָ֤ח הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ וְשָׂכָ֣ר הָרְבִיעִ֔י וּנְתַנְאֵ֖ל הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ | And the sons of Obed-Edom were Shemaiah the firstborn, Jehozabad the second, Joah the third and Sacar the fourth and Nethaneel the fifth, | Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| 1 Chr 26:5 | עַמִּיאֵ֤ל הַשִּׁשִּׁי֙ יִשָׂשכָ֣ר הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י פְּעֻלְּתַ֖י הַשְּׁמִינִ֑י כִּ֥י בֵרֲכ֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, and Peullethai the eighth, for God blessed him. | Peullethai: AV= Peulthai, not recognizing the dagesh forte in the lamed. |
| 1 Chr 26:6 | וְלִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֤ה בְנוֹ֙ נוֹלַ֣ד בָּנִ֔ים הַמִּמְשָׁלִ֖ים לְבֵ֣ית אֲבִיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־גִבּ֥וֹרֵי חַ֖יִל הֵֽמָּה׃ | And to Shemaiah his son several sons were born who were rulers in their paternal house, for they were valiant warriors. | were born: singular, so discordant in number, but this is not infrequent in Hebrew. |
| 1 Chr 26:7 | בְּנֵ֣י שְׁמַֽעְיָ֗ה עָ֠תְנִי וּרְפָאֵ֨ל וְעוֹבֵ֧ד אֶלְזָבָ֛ד אֶחָ֖יו בְּנֵי־חָ֑יִל אֱלִיה֖וּ וּסְמַכְיָֽהוּ׃ | The sons of Shemaiah were Othni and Rephael and Obed-Elzebad, whose brothers were valiant men: Elihu and Semachiah. | Obed-Elzebad: AV differs, taking this as two names, but there is no copulative and the MT punctuates the words conjunctively. Compare Obed-Edom, written as two words in Hebrew in 1 Chr 26:8. |
| 1 Chr 26:8 | כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה מִבְּנֵ֣י ׀ עֹבֵ֣ד אֱדֹ֗ם הֵ֤מָּה וּבְנֵיהֶם֙ וַאֲחֵיהֶ֔ם אִֽישׁ־חַ֥יִל בַּכֹּ֖חַ לַעֲבֹדָ֑ה שִׁשִּׁ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם לְעֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹֽם׃ | All these were of the sons of Obed-Edom. They and their sons and their brothers, valiant men with strength for the work, were sixty-two in number, of Obed-Edom's line. | |
| 1 Chr 26:9 | וְלִמְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֗הוּ בָּנִ֧ים וְאַחִ֛ים בְּנֵי־חָ֖יִל שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ ס | And Meshelemiah had sons and brothers – men of valour – eighteen in number. | men of valour ← sons of valour. |
| 1 Chr 26:10 | וּלְחֹסָ֥ה מִן־בְּנֵי־מְרָרִ֖י בָּנִ֑ים שִׁמְרִ֤י הָרֹאשׁ֙ כִּ֣י לֹא־הָיָ֣ה בְכ֔וֹר וַיְשִׂימֵ֥הוּ אָבִ֖יהוּ לְרֹֽאשׁ׃ | And Hosah, of the sons of Merari, had sons: Shimri the head, for although he was not the firstborn, his father appointed him as head; | Shimri: AV= Simri. |
| 1 Chr 26:11 | חִלְקִיָּ֤הוּ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ טְבַלְיָ֣הוּ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔י זְכַרְיָ֖הוּ הָרְבִעִ֑י כָּל־בָּנִ֧ים וְאַחִ֛ים לְחֹסָ֖ה שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָֽׂר׃ | Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth. All the sons and brothers of Hosah were thirteen in number. | |
| 1 Chr 26:12 | לְ֠אֵלֶּה מַחְלְק֨וֹת הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֜ים לְרָאשֵׁ֧י הַגְּבָרִ֛ים מִשְׁמָר֖וֹת לְעֻמַּ֣ת אֲחֵיהֶ֑ם לְשָׁרֵ֖ת בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | To these the divisions of the gatekeepers were assigned, that is to the heads of the men who were assigned guard duties in the same way as their brothers, in serving in the house of the Lord. | in serving: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 26:13 | וַיַּפִּ֨ילוּ גוֹרָל֜וֹת כַּקָּטֹ֧ן כַּגָּד֛וֹל לְבֵ֥ית אֲבוֹתָ֖ם לְשַׁ֥עַר וָשָֽׁעַר׃ פ | And they cast lots, in the same way for the small as for the great, in their paternal house, for each gate. | each gate ← gate and gate. |
| 1 Chr 26:14 | וַיִּפֹּ֧ל הַגּוֹרָ֛ל מִזְרָ֖חָה לְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֑הוּ וּזְכַרְיָ֨הוּ בְנ֜וֹ יוֹעֵ֣ץ ׀ בְּשֶׂ֗כֶל הִפִּ֙ילוּ֙ גּֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֥א גוֹרָל֖וֹ צָפֽוֹנָה׃ ס | And the lot for the east fell to Shelemiah. Then they cast lots for Zechariah his son, a prudent counsellor, and his lot fell on the north. | fell on the north ← came out to the north. |
| 1 Chr 26:15 | לְעֹבֵ֥ד אֱדֹ֖ם נֶ֑גְבָּה וּלְבָנָ֖יו בֵּ֥ית הָאֲסֻפִּֽים׃ | To Obed-Edom the lot was in the south, and to his sons the lot was for the storehouses. | storehouses: AV differs, taking this as a proper noun (Asuppim), as in 1 Chr 26:7. |
| 1 Chr 26:16 | לְשֻׁפִּ֤ים וּלְחֹסָה֙ לַֽמַּעֲרָ֔ב עִ֚ם שַׁ֣עַר שַׁלֶּ֔כֶת בַּֽמְסִלָּ֖ה הָעוֹלָ֑ה מִשְׁמָ֖ר לְעֻמַּ֥ת מִשְׁמָֽר׃ | To Shuppim and Hosah the lot was for the west with the Shallecheth Gate at the embankment for the ascent, with guard post adjoining guard post. | Shallecheth: i.e. Felling, as in Isa 6:13. |
| 1 Chr 26:17 | לַמִּזְרָח֮ הַלְוִיִּ֣ם שִׁשָּׁה֒ לַצָּפ֤וֹנָה לַיּוֹם֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה לַנֶּ֥גְבָּה לַיּ֖וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֑ה וְלָאֲסֻפִּ֖ים שְׁנַ֥יִם שְׁנָֽיִם׃ | For the east there were six Levites; for the north there were four, for the day; for the south four, for the day; and for the storehouses, two each. |
storehouses: distinct from the treasuries of 1 Chr 26:20 etc. See also 1 Chr 26:15.
two each ← two two. |
| 1 Chr 26:18 | לַפַּרְבָּ֖ר לַֽמַּעֲרָ֑ב אַרְבָּעָה֙ לַֽמְסִלָּ֔ה שְׁנַ֖יִם לַפַּרְבָּֽר׃ | In the suburbs to the west, there were four for the embankment and two for the suburbs. | suburbs (2x): AV differs, taking this as a proper noun (Parbar). |
| 1 Chr 26:19 | אֵ֗לֶּה מַחְלְקוֹת֙ הַשֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים לִבְנֵ֥י הַקָּרְחִ֖י וְלִבְנֵ֥י מְרָרִֽי׃ | These were the divisions of the gatekeepers assigned to the sons of the Korhites and to the sons of Merari. | Korhites: AV= Kore, but elsewhere often Korhites. |
| 1 Chr 26:20 | וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם אֲחִיָּ֗ה עַל־אֽוֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּלְאֹֽצְר֖וֹת הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And to the Levites the lot was for Ahijah to be over the treasuries of the house of God and the treasuries of the holy places. | holy places: or holy (things). |
| 1 Chr 26:21 | בְּנֵ֣י לַ֠עְדָּן בְּנֵ֨י הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֜י לְלַעְדָּ֗ן רָאשֵׁ֧י הָאָב֛וֹת לְלַעְדָּ֥ן הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּ֖י יְחִיאֵלִֽי׃ | The sons of Ladan, the sons of the Gershonite, of Ladan – the paternal heads of Ladan the Gershonite – were Jehieli and his line, |
Ladan (3x): see 1 Chr 7:26.
and his line: for a justification of our ellipsis supplied, see 1 Chr 3:22 and 1 Chr 7:3. |
| 1 Chr 26:22 | בְּנֵ֖י יְחִֽיאֵלִ֑י זֵתָם֙ וְיוֹאֵ֣ל אָחִ֔יו עַל־אֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | and the sons of Jehieli were Zetham and Joel his brother, who were appointed to be over the treasuries of the house of the Lord. | |
| 1 Chr 26:23 | לַֽעַמְרָמִי֙ לַיִּצְהָרִ֔י לַֽחֶבְרוֹנִ֖י לָֽעָזִּיאֵלִֽי׃ | Alongside the Amramites, the Izharites, the Hebronites, the Uzzielites, | Uzzielites ← Ozzielites. Vowel perhaps adapted to the stress pattern of the compound word. |
| 1 Chr 26:24 | וּשְׁבֻאֵל֙ בֶּן־גֵּרְשׁ֣וֹם בֶּן־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נָגִ֖יד עַל־הָאֹצָרֽוֹת׃ | there was Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, who was the overseer of the treasuries, | |
| 1 Chr 26:25 | וְאֶחָ֖יו לֶֽאֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר רְחַבְיָ֨הוּ בְנ֜וֹ וִֽישַׁעְיָ֤הוּ בְנוֹ֙ וְיֹרָ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ וְזִכְרִ֥י בְנ֖וֹ *ושלמות **וּשְׁלֹמִ֥ית בְּנֽוֹ׃ | and there were his brothers the sons of Eliezer who were Rehabiah his son and Isaiah his son and Joram his son and Zichri his son and {Q: Shelomith} [K: Shelomoth] his son. |
brothers: standing for members of the wider family.
Isaiah: AV= Jeshaiah here. |
| 1 Chr 26:26 | ה֧וּא שְׁלֹמ֣וֹת וְאֶחָ֗יו עַ֣ל כָּל־אֹצְר֤וֹת הַקֳּדָשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִקְדִּ֜ישׁ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְרָאשֵׁ֧י הָאָב֛וֹת לְשָׂרֵֽי־הָאֲלָפִ֥ים וְהַמֵּא֖וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַצָּבָֽא׃ | He is Shelomith who with his brothers was appointed over all the treasuries of the holy places which King David and the paternal heads of the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred, who were commanders of the army, had consecrated. |
Shelomith ← Shelomoth here.
holy places: or holy (things). who: relative use of the vav. |
| 1 Chr 26:27 | מִן־הַמִּלְחָמ֥וֹת וּמִן־הַשָּׁלָ֖ל הִקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ לְחַזֵּ֖ק לְבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | They consecrated things from the wars and from spoil for the enhancement of the house of the Lord. | enhancement ← strengthening, restoration. Gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 26:28 | וְכֹ֨ל הַֽהִקְדִּ֜ישׁ שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל הָרֹאֶה֙ וְשָׁא֣וּל בֶּן־קִ֔ישׁ וְאַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר וְיוֹאָ֖ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֑ה כֹּ֚ל הַמַּקְדִּ֔ישׁ עַ֥ל יַד־שְׁלֹמִ֖ית וְאֶחָֽיו׃ פ | And everything that Samuel the seer had consecrated, or Saul the son of Kish, or Abner the son of Ner, or Joab the son of Zeruiah, or from anyone who consecrated anything – it was under the protection of Shelomith and his brothers. |
anyone ← everyone.
under the protection ← at the hand of. |
| 1 Chr 26:29 | לַיִּצְהָרִ֞י כְּנַנְיָ֣הוּ וּבָנָ֗יו לַמְּלָאכָ֤ה הַחִֽיצוֹנָה֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים וּלְשֹׁפְטִֽים׃ | The lot for the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons, was for the external work concerning Israel, for officials and for judges. | |
| 1 Chr 26:30 | לַֽחֶבְרוֹנִ֡י חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ֩ וְאֶחָ֨יו בְּנֵי־חַ֜יִל אֶ֣לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֗וֹת עַ֚ל פְּקֻדַּ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מַעְרָ֑בָה לְכֹל֙ מְלֶ֣אכֶת יְהוָ֔ה וְלַעֲבֹדַ֖ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | The lot for the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brothers – valiant men, one thousand seven hundred of them according to the census of Israel – was on the side of the Jordan to the west, for all craftsmanship for the Lord and for the king's work. | valiant men ← sons of valour. |
| 1 Chr 26:31 | לַֽחֶבְרוֹנִי֙ יְרִיָּ֣ה הָרֹ֔אשׁ לַֽחֶבְרוֹנִ֥י לְתֹלְדֹתָ֖יו לְאָב֑וֹת בִּשְׁנַ֨ת הָֽאַרְבָּעִ֜ים לְמַלְכ֤וּת דָּוִיד֙ נִדְרָ֔שׁוּ וַיִּמָּצֵ֥א בָהֶ֛ם גִּבּ֥וֹרֵי חַ֖יִל בְּיַעְזֵ֥יר גִּלְעָֽד׃ | The lot was for the Hebronites, with Jerijah the head, for the Hebronite according to his paternal lineage. In the fortieth year of David's reign the lineage was consulted, and there were found among them valiant warriors in Jazer-Gilead. | Jazer: see Num 21:32. AV here = Jazer, and a few other places. |
| 1 Chr 26:32 | וְאֶחָ֣יו בְּנֵי־חַ֗יִל אַלְפַּ֛יִם וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֑וֹת וַיַּפְקִידֵ֞ם דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עַל־הָראוּבֵנִ֤י וְהַגָּדִי֙ וַחֲצִי֙ שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשִּׁ֔י לְכָל־דְּבַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וּדְבַ֥ר הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ פ | And his brothers – valiant men – were two thousand seven hundred paternal heads, and King David appointed them over the Reubenites and the Gadites and half of the tribe of Manasseh, in every matter of God, and concern of the king. |
half of the tribe of Manasseh: rather than the half-tribe of Manasseh. Josh 22:7 shows when this sense is intended.
matter ... concern ← word ... word, or thing ... thing. |
| 1 Chr 27:1 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ לְֽמִסְפָּרָ֡ם רָאשֵׁ֣י הָאָב֣וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֣י הָֽאֲלָפִ֣ים ׀ וְהַמֵּא֡וֹת וְשֹׁטְרֵיהֶם֩ הַמְשָׁרְתִ֨ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְכֹ֣ל ׀ דְּבַ֣ר הַֽמַּחְלְק֗וֹת הַבָּאָ֤ה וְהַיֹּצֵאת֙ חֹ֣דֶשׁ בְּחֹ֔דֶשׁ לְכֹ֖ל חָדְשֵׁ֣י הַשָּׁנָ֑ה הַֽמַּחֲלֹ֙קֶת֙ הָֽאַחַ֔ת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | And of the sons of Israel, regarding their number of paternal heads and commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred and their officials who serve the king in every matter of divisions for rotating duty – the one coming in and the one going out, month by month for all the months of the year – each division was twenty-four thousand strong. | each division ← one division. |
| 1 Chr 27:2 | עַ֞ל הַמַּחֲלֹ֤קֶת הָרִֽאשׁוֹנָה֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן יָֽשָׁבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־זַבְדִּיאֵ֑ל וְעַל֙ מַֽחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ | In charge of the first division, for the first month, was Jashobam the son of Zabdiel, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | Jashobam: see 1 Chr 11:11. |
| 1 Chr 27:3 | מִן־בְּנֵי־פֶ֗רֶץ הָרֹ֛אשׁ לְכָל־שָׂרֵ֥י הַצְּבָא֖וֹת לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | One of the sons of Perez was the head of all the commanders of the armies of the first month. | Perez: AV= Perez here, the more accurate rendering, but elsewhere Pharez. |
| 1 Chr 27:4 | וְעַ֞ל מַחֲלֹ֣קֶת ׀ הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֗י דּוֹדַ֤י הָאֲחוֹחִי֙ וּמַ֣חֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ וּמִקְל֖וֹת הַנָּגִ֑יד וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | And in charge of the division for the second month was Dodai the Ahohite, with his division. And Mikloth was the leader, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:5 | שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֤א הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בְּנָיָ֧הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע הַכֹּהֵ֖ן רֹ֑אשׁ וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ | The third commander of the army, for the third month, was Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the head priest, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:6 | ה֧וּא בְנָיָ֛הוּ גִּבּ֥וֹר הַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֑ים וּמַ֣חֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עַמִּיזָבָ֖ד בְּנֽוֹ׃ ס | He is the Benaiah who was a warrior of the thirty and in charge of the thirty, and in his division was Ammizabad his son. | in charge of: AV differs somewhat (above). |
| 1 Chr 27:7 | הָֽרְבִיעִ֞י לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִ֗י עֲשָׂה־אֵל֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וּזְבַדְיָ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The fourth commander, for the fourth month, was Asahel, Joab's brother, and Zebadiah his son after him, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:8 | הַחַמִישִׁי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֔י הַשַּׂ֖ר שַׁמְה֣וּת הַיִּזְרָ֑ח וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The fifth commander, for the fifth month, was commander Shamhuth the Izrahite, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:9 | הַשִּׁשִּׁי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י עִירָ֥א בֶן־עִקֵּ֖שׁ הַתְּקוֹעִ֑י וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The sixth commander, for the sixth month, was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:10 | הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י חֶ֥לֶץ הַפְּלוֹנִ֖י מִן־בְּנֵ֣י אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The seventh commander, for the seventh month, was Helez the Pelonite, one of the sons of Ephraim, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:11 | הַשְּׁמִינִי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י סִבְּכַ֥י הַחֻשָׁתִ֖י לַזַּרְחִ֑י וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The eighth commander, for the eighth month, was Sibbecai the Hushathite, in the line of the Zarhites, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:12 | הַתְּשִׁיעִי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִ֔י אֲבִיעֶ֥זֶר הָעַנְּתֹתִ֖י *לבנימיני **לַבֵּ֣ן ׀ **יְמִינִ֑י וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The ninth commander, for the ninth month, was Abiezer the Anathothite, a Benjaminite, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. |
Benjaminite: the ketiv is written as one word, the qeré as two.
Anathothite ← Annethothite. AV= Anethothite. See 2 Sam 23:27. |
| 1 Chr 27:13 | הָעֲשִׂירִי֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִ֔י מַהְרַ֥י הַנְּטֽוֹפָתִ֖י לַזַּרְחִ֑י וְעַל֙ מַֽחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The tenth commander, for the tenth month, was Mahrai the Netophathite, in the line of the Zarhites, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | Mahrai: see 2 Sam 23:28. |
| 1 Chr 27:14 | עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂר֙ לְעַשְׁתֵּ֣י־עָשָׂ֣ר הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ בְּנָיָ֥ה הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִ֖י מִן־בְּנֵ֣י אֶפְרָ֑יִם וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס | The eleventh commander for the eleventh month, was Benaiah the Pirathonite, one of the sons of Ephraim, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:15 | הַשְּׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לִשְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ חֶלְדַּ֥י הַנְּטוֹפָתִ֖י לְעָתְנִיאֵ֑ל וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ פ | The twelfth commander, for the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, in the line of Othniel, and in his division were twenty-four thousand men. | |
| 1 Chr 27:16 | וְעַל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֣י נָגִ֔יד אֱלִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־זִכְרִ֑י ס לַשִּׁ֨מְעוֹנִ֔י שְׁפַטְיָ֖הוּ בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָֽה׃ ס | And over the tribes of Israel, the leader of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri; of the Simeonites it was Shephatiah the son of Maachah; | |
| 1 Chr 27:17 | לְלֵוִ֛י חֲשַׁבְיָ֥ה בֶן־קְמוּאֵ֖ל לְאַהֲרֹ֥ן צָדֽוֹק׃ ס | of the Levites it was Hashabiah the son of Kemuel; of the Aaronites it was Zadok; | |
| 1 Chr 27:18 | לִֽיהוּדָ֕ה אֱלִיה֖וּ מֵאֲחֵ֣י דָוִ֑יד לְיִ֨שָׂשכָ֔ר עָמְרִ֖י בֶּן־מִיכָאֵֽל׃ ס | of Judah it was Elihu, one of David's brothers; of Issachar it was Omri the son of Michael; | |
| 1 Chr 27:19 | לִזְבוּלֻ֕ן יִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־עֹבַדְיָ֑הוּ לְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י יְרִימ֖וֹת בֶּן־עַזְרִיאֵֽל׃ ס | of Zebulun it was Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah; of Naphtali it was Jerimoth the son of Azriel; | Ishmaiah: as MT, but in 1 Chr 12:4 AV= Ismaiah. |
| 1 Chr 27:20 | לִבְנֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם הוֹשֵׁ֖עַ בֶּן־עֲזַזְיָ֑הוּ לַחֲצִי֙ שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יוֹאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָיָֽהוּ׃ ס | of the sons of Ephraim it was Hoshea the son of Azaziah; of half of the tribe of Manasseh across the Jordan to the west it was Joel the son of Pedaiah; |
Hoshea: see 2 Ki 15:30.
across the Jordan to the west: see Josh 22:7 for the two parts to Manasseh's inheritance. |
| 1 Chr 27:21 | לַחֲצִ֤י הַֽמְנַשֶּׁה֙ גִּלְעָ֔דָה יִדּ֖וֹ בֶּן־זְכַרְיָ֑הוּ ס לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן יַעֲשִׂיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־אַבְנֵֽר׃ ס | of half of the tribe of Manasseh in Gilead it was Iddo the son of Zechariah; of Benjamin it was Jaasiel the son of Abner; | in Gilead ← to Gilead. |
| 1 Chr 27:22 | לְדָ֕ן עֲזַרְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־יְרֹחָ֑ם אֵ֕לֶּה שָׂרֵ֖י שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | of Dan it was Azarel the son of Jeroham. These were the commanders of the tribes of Israel. | Azarel: see Ezra 10:41. |
| 1 Chr 27:23 | וְלֹא־נָשָׂ֤א דָוִיד֙ מִסְפָּרָ֔ם לְמִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּלְמָ֑טָּה כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לְהַרְבּ֥וֹת אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ | But David did not count those from twenty years old and under, for the Lord had said that he would make Israel as numerous as the stars of the sky. | count ← take up the number of. |
| 1 Chr 27:24 | יוֹאָ֨ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֜ה הֵחֵ֤ל לִמְנוֹת֙ וְלֹ֣א כִלָּ֔ה וַיְהִ֥י בָזֹ֛את קֶ֖צֶף עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א עָלָה֙ הַמִּסְפָּ֔ר בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר דִּבְרֵֽי־הַיָּמִ֖ים לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽיד׃ ס | Joab the son of Zeruiah began to count the people, but he did not finish, and wrath came over Israel because of this, and the number did not enter into the records of numbers in the Chronicles of King David. |
came ← became.
enter ← ascend. numbers in ← numbers of. |
| 1 Chr 27:25 | וְעַל֙ אֹצְר֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַזְמָ֖וֶת בֶּן־עֲדִיאֵ֑ל ס וְעַ֣ל הָֽאֹצָר֡וֹת בַּשָּׂדֶ֞ה בֶּעָרִ֤ים וּבַכְּפָרִים֙ וּבַמִּגְדָּל֔וֹת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן בֶּן־עֻזִּיָּֽהוּ׃ ס | And in charge of the king's treasuries was Azmaveth the son of Adiel, and in charge of the storehouses in the countryside, in the cities and in the villages and in the towers, was Jonathan the son of Uzziah. | Jonathan ← Jehonathan here and, e.g., Judg 18:30; elsewhere often the shorter form Jonathan. AV= Jehonathan here. |
| 1 Chr 27:26 | וְעַ֗ל עֹשֵׂי֙ מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַעֲבֹדַ֖ת הָאֲדָמָ֑ה עֶזְרִ֖י בֶּן־כְּלֽוּב׃ | And in charge of those who did agricultural work – cultivation of the ground – was Ezri the son of Chelub. | |
| 1 Chr 27:27 | וְעַל־הַ֨כְּרָמִ֔ים שִׁמְעִ֖י הָרָֽמָתִ֑י וְעַ֤ל שֶׁבַּכְּרָמִים֙ לְאֹצְר֣וֹת הַיַּ֔יִן זַבְדִּ֖י הַשִּׁפְמִֽי׃ ס | And in charge of the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite, and in charge of the buildings in the vineyards serving as storehouses for the wine was Zabdi the Shiphmite. | the buildings ← what (was). |
| 1 Chr 27:28 | וְעַל־הַזֵּיתִ֤ים וְהַשִּׁקְמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֔ה בַּ֥עַל חָנָ֖ן הַגְּדֵרִ֑י ס וְעַל־אֹצְר֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן יוֹעָֽשׁ׃ ס | And in charge of the olive groves and the sycamore fig trees which were in the lowlands was Baal-Hanan the Gederite, and in charge of the storehouses for oil was Joash. | |
| 1 Chr 27:29 | וְעַל־הַבָּקָר֙ הָרֹעִ֣ים בַּשָּׁר֔וֹן *שטרי **שִׁרְטַ֖י הַשָּׁרוֹנִ֑י וְעַל־הַבָּקָר֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים שָׁפָ֖ט בֶּן־עַדְלָֽי׃ ס | And in charge of the cattle grazing in Sharon was {K: Shitrai} [Q: Shirtai] the Sharonite, and in charge of the cattle in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai. | Sharon ← the Sharon. |
| 1 Chr 27:30 | וְעַל־הַ֨גְּמַלִּ֔ים אוֹבִ֖יל הַיִּשְׁמְעֵלִ֑י וְעַל־הָ֣אֲתֹנ֔וֹת יֶחְדְּיָ֖הוּ הַמֵּרֹנֹתִֽי׃ ס | And in charge of the camels was Obil the Ishmaelite, and in charge of the donkeys was Jehdeiah the Meronothite. |
Ishmaelite: see Gen 37:25.
donkeys ← female donkeys. |
| 1 Chr 27:31 | וְעַל־הַצֹּ֖אן יָזִ֣יז הַֽהַגְרִ֑י כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרְכ֔וּשׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽיד׃ | And in charge of the sheep was Jaziz the Hagrite. All these were officials of the property which King David owned. | Hagrite: AV= Hagerite. See Ps 83:7 (Ps 83:6AV) and 1 Chr 11:38. |
| 1 Chr 27:32 | וִֽיהוֹנָתָ֤ן דּוֹד־דָּוִיד֙ יוֹעֵ֔ץ אִישׁ־מֵבִ֥ין וְסוֹפֵ֖ר ה֑וּא וִֽיחִיאֵ֥ל בֶּן־חַכְמוֹנִ֖י עִם־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Jonathan David's cousin was an adviser; he was an intelligent man and a scribe. And Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king's sons. | cousin ← uncle, but see [CB]. |
| 1 Chr 27:33 | וַאֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל יוֹעֵ֣ץ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ ס וְחוּשַׁ֥י הָאַרְכִּ֖י רֵ֥עַ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Ahithophel was the king's adviser, and Hushai the Archite was the king's friend. | |
| 1 Chr 27:34 | וְאַחֲרֵ֣י אֲחִיתֹ֗פֶל יְהוֹיָדָ֤ע בֶּן־בְּנָיָ֙הוּ֙ וְאֶבְיָתָ֔ר וְשַׂר־צָבָ֥א לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יוֹאָֽב׃ פ | And after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar. And the commander of the king's army was Joab. | Abiathar: see 1 Sam 22:20. |
| 1 Chr 28:1 | וַיַּקְהֵ֣ל דָּוִ֣יד אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל שָׂרֵ֣י הַשְּׁבָטִ֣ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמַּחְלְק֣וֹת הַמְשָׁרְתִ֪ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֟לֶךְ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הָאֲלָפִ֣ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֣י כָל־רְכוּשׁ־וּמִקְנֶה֩ ׀ לַמֶּ֨לֶךְ וּלְבָנָ֜יו עִם־הַסָּרִיסִ֧ים וְהַגִּבּוֹרִ֛ים וּֽלְכָל־גִּבּ֥וֹר חָ֖יִל אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And David convened all the officials of Israel – the officials of the tribes and the officials of the divisions who served the king, and the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred, and the officials over all the property and cattle of the king and his sons – together with the eunuchs and the warriors and every valiant warrior, in Jerusalem. | in Jerusalem ← to Jerusalem. |
| 1 Chr 28:2 | וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֤יד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שְׁמָע֖וּנִי אַחַ֣י וְעַמִּ֑י אֲנִ֣י עִם־לְבָבִ֡י לִבְנוֹת֩ בֵּ֨ית מְנוּחָ֜ה לַאֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֗ה וְלַהֲדֹם֙ רַגְלֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַהֲכִינ֖וֹתִי לִבְנֽוֹת׃ | Then King David got up on his feet and said, “Listen to me, my brothers and my people. It was in my heart to build a house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and as a footstool for the feet of our God, and I made preparations for building, | |
| 1 Chr 28:3 | וְהָאֱלֹהִים֙ אָ֣מַר לִ֔י לֹא־תִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֖יִת לִשְׁמִ֑י כִּ֣י אִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמ֛וֹת אַ֖תָּה וְדָמִ֥ים שָׁפָֽכְתָּ׃ | but God said to me, ‘You shall not build a house for my name, for you are a man of warfare, and you have shed blood.’ | warfare ← wars. |
| 1 Chr 28:4 | וַיִּבְחַ֡ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל בִּ֜י מִכֹּ֣ל בֵּית־אָבִ֗י לִהְי֨וֹת לְמֶ֤לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְעוֹלָ֔ם כִּ֤י בִֽיהוּדָה֙ בָּחַ֣ר לְנָגִ֔יד וּבְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וּבִבְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔י בִּ֣י רָצָ֔ה לְהַמְלִ֖יךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord God of Israel chose me from the whole house of my father to be king over Israel age-abidingly, for he chose Judah to be a leader, and in the house of Judah – the house of my father and among my father's sons – he was pleased to make me king over all of Israel. | |
| 1 Chr 28:5 | וּמִכָּ֨ל־בָּנַ֔י כִּ֚י רַבִּ֣ים בָּנִ֔ים נָ֥תַן לִ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּבְחַר֙ בִּשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֗בֶת עַל־כִּסֵּ֛א מַלְכ֥וּת יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And of all my sons – for the Lord has given me many sons – he chose my son Solomon to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the Lord over Israel. | has given: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 1 Chr 28:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִ֔י שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בִנְךָ֔ הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה בֵיתִ֖י וַחֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י כִּי־בָחַ֨רְתִּי ב֥וֹ לִי֙ לְבֵ֔ן וַאֲנִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לְאָֽב׃ | And he said to me, ‘It is Solomon your son who will build my house and my courtyards, for I have chosen him to be a son to me, and I will be a father to him. | |
| 1 Chr 28:7 | וַהֲכִינוֹתִ֥י אֶת־מַלְכוּת֖וֹ עַד־לְעוֹלָ֑ם אִם־יֶחֱזַ֗ק לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת מִצְוֺתַ֥י וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And I will establish his kingdom age-abidingly, providing he is steadfast in carrying out my commandments and my ordinances, as he is today.’ | in carrying out: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 28:8 | וְ֠עַתָּה לְעֵינֵ֨י כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל קְהַל־יְהוָה֙ וּבְאָזְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ שִׁמְר֣וּ וְדִרְשׁ֔וּ כָּל־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽירְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וְהִנְחַלְתֶּ֛ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֥ם אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ פ | So now, in the sight of the whole of Israel – the convocation of the Lord – and with our God hearing, keep and apply yourself to all the commandments of the Lord your God, in order that you may inherit the good land and bequeath it to your sons after you age-abidingly. | and with our God hearing ← in the ears of our God. |
| 1 Chr 28:9 | וְאַתָּ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹֽה־בְנִ֡י דַּע֩ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י אָבִ֜יךָ וְעָבְדֵ֗הוּ בְּלֵ֤ב שָׁלֵם֙ וּבְנֶ֣פֶשׁ חֲפֵצָ֔ה כִּ֤י כָל־לְבָבוֹת֙ דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה וְכָל־יֵ֥צֶר מַחֲשָׁב֖וֹת מֵבִ֑ין אִֽם־תִּדְרְשֶׁ֙נּוּ֙ יִמָּ֣צֵא לָ֔ךְ וְאִם־תַּֽעַזְבֶ֖נּוּ יַזְנִיחֲךָ֥ לָעַֽד׃ | And you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve him wholeheartedly, and with a willing mind, for the Lord searches all hearts, and he understands every thought which presents itself. If you seek him, he will be found by you, but if you desert him, he will reject you throughout the age. |
Rev 2:23.
know ... serve: imperatives. mind ← soul. thought which presents itself ← formation of thoughts. |
| 1 Chr 28:10 | רְאֵ֣ה ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּֽי־יְהוָ֛ה בָּ֧חַר בְּךָ֛ לִבְנֽוֹת־בַּ֥יִת לַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ חֲזַ֥ק וַעֲשֵֽׂה׃ פ | Now observe that the Lord has chosen you to build a house as a sanctuary. Be strong and act.” | |
| 1 Chr 28:11 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן דָּוִ֣יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֡וֹ אֶת־תַּבְנִ֣ית הָאוּלָם֩ וְֽאֶת־בָּ֨תָּ֜יו וְגַנְזַכָּ֧יו וַעֲלִיֹּתָ֛יו וַחֲדָרָ֥יו הַפְּנִימִ֖ים וּבֵ֥ית הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | Then David gave to Solomon his son the design of the portico and its houses and its treasuries and its upper rooms and its inner rooms and the house of the atonement cover, | |
| 1 Chr 28:12 | וְתַבְנִ֗ית כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה בָר֙וּחַ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ לְחַצְר֧וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֛ה וּלְכָל־הַלְּשָׁכ֖וֹת סָבִ֑יב לְאֹֽצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּלְאֹצְר֖וֹת הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | and the design of everything that had come to him by the spirit, of the courtyards of the house of the Lord, and of all the offices round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the holy places, |
had come to him ← had become with him.
holy places: or holy (things). AV differs (dedicated things). |
| 1 Chr 28:13 | וּֽלְמַחְלְקוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם וּֽלְכָל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וּֽלְכָל־כְּלֵ֖י עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | and the scheme of the divisions of the priests and the Levites for all the execution of the work of the house of the Lord, and for all the equipment for the work of the house of the Lord, | |
| 1 Chr 28:14 | לַזָּהָ֤ב בַּמִּשְׁקָל֙ לַזָּהָ֔ב לְכָל־כְּלֵ֖י עֲבוֹדָ֣ה וַעֲבוֹדָ֑ה לְכֹ֨ל כְּלֵ֤י הַכֶּ֙סֶף֙ בְּמִשְׁקָ֔ל לְכָל־כְּלֵ֖י עֲבוֹדָ֥ה וַעֲבוֹדָֽה׃ | and the design of the golden equipment with the weight of gold needed, of all equipment for all kinds of service, and of all silver equipment with its weight, for all equipment for all kinds of service, | all kinds of service (2x) ← service and service. |
| 1 Chr 28:15 | וּמִשְׁקָ֞ל לִמְנֹר֣וֹת הַזָּהָ֗ב וְנֵרֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ זָהָ֔ב בְּמִשְׁקַל־מְנוֹרָ֥ה וּמְנוֹרָ֖ה וְנֵרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְלִמְנֹר֨וֹת הַכֶּ֤סֶף בְּמִשְׁקָל֙ לִמְנוֹרָ֣ה וְנֵרֹתֶ֔יהָ כַּעֲבוֹדַ֖ת מְנוֹרָ֥ה וּמְנוֹרָֽה׃ | including the weight of the golden lampstands and their golden lamps, with the weight of each lampstand and its lamps, and the design of the silver lampstands, with the weight of the lampstand and its lamps, according to the service of each lampstand, | each lampstand (2x) ← lampstand and lampstand. |
| 1 Chr 28:16 | וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֥ב מִשְׁקָ֛ל לְשֻׁלְחֲנ֥וֹת הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת לְשֻׁלְחַ֣ן וְשֻׁלְחָ֑ן וְכֶ֖סֶף לְשֻׁלְחֲנ֥וֹת הַכָּֽסֶף׃ | and he specified the weight of gold for the showbread tables for each table, and of the silver for the silver tables, | each table ← table and table. |
| 1 Chr 28:17 | וְהַמִּזְלָג֧וֹת וְהַמִּזְרָק֛וֹת וְהַקְּשָׂוֺ֖ת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֨י הַזָּהָ֤ב בְּמִשְׁקָל֙ לִכְפ֣וֹר וּכְפ֔וֹר וְלִכְפוֹרֵ֥י הַכֶּ֛סֶף בְּמִשְׁקָ֖ל לִכְפ֥וֹר וּכְפֽוֹר׃ | and gold for the forks and basins and bowls of pure gold, and for the golden cups by weight for each cup, and for the silver cups by weight for each cup, | each cup (2x) ← cup and cup. |
| 1 Chr 28:18 | וּלְמִזְבַּ֧ח הַקְּטֹ֛רֶת זָהָ֥ב מְזֻקָּ֖ק בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל וּלְתַבְנִ֣ית הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֗ה הַכְּרֻבִ֤ים זָהָב֙ לְפֹ֣רְשִׂ֔ים וְסֹכְכִ֖ים עַל־אֲר֥וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָֽה׃ | and for the incense altar of refined gold he specified its weight, and the design of the carriage, and the golden cherubim who spread their wings and cover the ark of the covenant of the Lord. | he specified its weight ← by weight. |
| 1 Chr 28:19 | הַכֹּ֥ל בִּכְתָ֛ב מִיַּ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה עָלַ֣י הִשְׂכִּ֑יל כֹּ֖ל מַלְאֲכ֥וֹת הַתַּבְנִֽית׃ פ | David said, “Everything is in writing from the hand of the Lord to me, to give instruction in all the intricacies of the design.” | intricacies ← artisanries. |
| 1 Chr 28:20 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜יד לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֗וֹ חֲזַ֤ק וֶאֱמַץ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֔ה אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהַי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֤א יַרְפְּךָ֙ וְלֹ֣א יַֽעַזְבֶ֔ךָּ עַד־לִכְל֕וֹת כָּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | And David said to Solomon his son, “Be strong and be of good courage and act. Do not fear and do not be afraid, for the Lord God – my God – is with you. He will not forsake you, and he will not desert you during the completion of the execution of all the work of the house of the Lord. | during ← until, which could be mistaken for suggesting that God will desert Solomon after the completion. |
| 1 Chr 28:21 | וְהִנֵּ֗ה מַחְלְקוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְכָל־עֲבוֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעִמְּךָ֙ בְכָל־מְלָאכָ֜ה לְכָל־נָדִ֤יב בַּֽחָכְמָה֙ לְכָל־עֲבוֹדָ֔ה וְהַשָּׂרִ֥ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְכָל־דְּבָרֶֽיךָ׃ פ | And there are divisions of the priests and the Levites for every item of work on the house of God, and they are with you in all the craftsmanship, with every willing man, in wisdom, for all the work, and the officials and all the people are available at every word of yours.” | there are ← behold. |
| 1 Chr 29:1 | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤יד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְכָל־הַקָּהָ֔ל שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה בְנִ֥י אֶחָ֛ד בָּֽחַר־בּ֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים נַ֣עַר וָרָ֑ךְ וְהַמְּלָאכָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְאָדָם֙ הַבִּירָ֔ה כִּ֖י לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And King David said to the whole convocation, “Solomon my son, the one whom God has chosen, is just a lad and is tender, but the work is great, for the temple is not for man, but for the Lord God. | temple: or palace, castle. |
| 1 Chr 29:2 | וּֽכְכָל־כֹּחִ֞י הֲכִינ֣וֹתִי לְבֵית־אֱלֹהַ֗י הַזָּהָ֣ב ׀ לַ֠זָּהָב וְהַכֶּ֨סֶף לַכֶּ֜סֶף וְהַנְּחֹ֣שֶׁת לַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ לַבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְהָעֵצִ֖ים לָעֵצִ֑ים אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֨הַם וּמִלּוּאִ֜ים אַבְנֵי־פ֣וּךְ וְרִקְמָ֗ה וְכֹ֨ל אֶ֧בֶן יְקָרָ֛ה וְאַבְנֵי־שַׁ֖יִשׁ לָרֹֽב׃ | And I have with all my might prepared for the house of my God, with gold for what will be made of gold, and silver for what will be made of silver, and copper for what will be made of copper, and iron for what will be made of iron, and wood for what will be made of wood, and onyx gems and gemstones to be set, and antimony gemstones and a range of colours, and every kind of valuable stone, and marble in abundance. | marble ← marble stones. |
| 1 Chr 29:3 | וְע֗וֹד בִּרְצוֹתִי֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהַ֔י יֶשׁ־לִ֥י סְגֻלָּ֖ה זָהָ֣ב וָכָ֑סֶף נָתַ֤תִּי לְבֵית־אֱלֹהַי֙ לְמַ֔עְלָה מִכָּל־הֲכִינ֖וֹתִי לְבֵ֥ית הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | Moreover, in my delight in the house of my God, I have a special possession of gold and silver which I give to the house of my God over and above everything which I have prepared for the holy house: |
delight ← being delighted. Gerundial use of the infinitive.
the holy house ← the house of holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 1 Chr 29:4 | שְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים כִּכְּרֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב מִזְּהַ֣ב אוֹפִ֑יר וְשִׁבְעַ֨ת אֲלָפִ֤ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מְזֻקָּ֔ק לָט֖וּחַ קִיר֥וֹת הַבָּתִּֽים׃ | three thousand talents of gold – of gold from Ophir – and seven thousand talents of refined silver to overlay the walls of the houses, | talents (2x): see Ex 25:39. |
| 1 Chr 29:5 | לַזָּהָ֤ב לַזָּהָב֙ וְלַכֶּ֣סֶף לַכֶּ֔סֶף וּלְכָל־מְלָאכָ֖ה בְּיַ֣ד חָרָשִׁ֑ים וּמִ֣י מִתְנַדֵּ֔ב לְמַלֹּ֥אות יָד֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם לַיהוָֽה׃ | the gold for what will be in gold, and the silver for what will be in silver, and for all artisanry in the hands of the artisans. Now who volunteers to take on work today for the Lord?” |
hands ← hand.
to take on work ← to fill his hand. |
| 1 Chr 29:6 | וַיִּֽתְנַדְּבוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָאָב֜וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֣י ׀ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְשָׂרֵ֤י הָאֲלָפִים֙ וְהַמֵּא֔וֹת וּלְשָׂרֵ֖י מְלֶ֥אכֶת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the officials in the line of the fathers, and the officials of the tribes of Israel, and the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred, and the officials in the king's operations volunteered. | the officials in the king's operations ← to / for the officials in the king's operations. |
| 1 Chr 29:7 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֞וּ לַעֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים זָהָ֞ב כִּכָּרִ֣ים חֲמֵֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִים֮ וַאֲדַרְכֹנִ֣ים רִבּוֹ֒ וְכֶ֗סֶף כִּכָּרִים֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּנְחֹ֕שֶׁת רִבּ֛וֹ וּשְׁמוֹנַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים כִּכָּרִ֑ים וּבַרְזֶ֖ל מֵֽאָה־אֶ֥לֶף כִּכָּרִֽים׃ | And they gave for the work of the house of God five thousand talents of gold and ten thousand darics, and ten thousand talents of silver, and eighteen thousand talents of copper, and one hundred thousand talents of iron. |
talents (4x): see Ex 25:39.
darics: a daric is a gold coin. |
| 1 Chr 29:8 | וְהַנִּמְצָ֤א אִתּוֹ֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ לְאוֹצַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה עַ֥ל יַד־יְחִיאֵ֖ל הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּֽי׃ | And whoever found that they had gemstones, they gave them to the treasury of the house of the Lord through the administration of Jehiel the Gershonite. |
whoever found that they had ← (he) who (was) found (that) with him (were).
administration ← hand. |
| 1 Chr 29:9 | וַיִּשְׂמְח֤וּ הָעָם֙ עַל־הִֽתְנַדְּבָ֔ם כִּ֚י בְּלֵ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם הִֽתְנַדְּב֖וּ לַיהוָ֑ה וְגַם֙ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׂמַ֖ח שִׂמְחָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ פ | And the people rejoiced at their generosity, because they offered voluntarily to the Lord wholeheartedly, and King David also rejoiced with great joy. | their generosity ← their offering willingly, gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 29:10 | וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ דָּוִיד֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗יד בָּר֨וּךְ אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָבִ֔ינוּ מֵעוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And David blessed the Lord in the sight of all the convocation, and David said,
“Blessed have you been, O Lord God of Israel our father, From age to age. |
blessed have you been: AV differs somewhat (blessed be thou). The participle can also be gerundival (worthy of blessing). |
| 1 Chr 29:11 | לְךָ֣ יְ֠הוָה הַגְּדֻלָּ֨ה וְהַגְּבוּרָ֤ה וְהַתִּפְאֶ֙רֶת֙ וְהַנֵּ֣צַח וְהַה֔וֹד כִּי־כֹ֖ל בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ לְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַמַּמְלָכָ֔ה וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂ֖א לְכֹ֥ל ׀ לְרֹֽאשׁ׃ |
Yours, O Lord, is the greatness And the might and the splendour And the pre-eminence and the majesty, For everything in heaven and on earth is yours, O Lord, As is the kingdom, And you are exalted as head over all. |
pre-eminence: or victory. |
| 1 Chr 29:12 | וְהָעֹ֤שֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד֙ מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּה֙ מוֹשֵׁ֣ל בַּכֹּ֔ל וּבְיָדְךָ֖ כֹּ֣חַ וּגְבוּרָ֑ה וּבְיָ֣דְךָ֔ לְגַדֵּ֥ל וּלְחַזֵּ֖ק לַכֹּֽל׃ |
Riches and honour proceed from you, And you rule over all, And in your hand is power and might, And it is in your hand To make great and to make strong In every respect. |
in every respect ← for the all. The MT article suggests a more abstract sense than “all people”. |
| 1 Chr 29:13 | וְעַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ מוֹדִ֥ים אֲנַ֖חְנוּ לָ֑ךְ וּֽמְהַֽלְלִ֖ים לְשֵׁ֥ם תִּפְאַרְתֶּֽךָ׃ |
So now, O God of ours, We thank you And we praise your splendid name. |
your splendid name ← the name of your splendour, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 1 Chr 29:14 | וְכִ֨י מִ֤י אֲנִי֙ וּמִ֣י עַמִּ֔י כִּֽי־נַעְצֹ֣ר כֹּ֔חַ לְהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב כָּזֹ֑את כִּֽי־מִמְּךָ֣ הַכֹּ֔ל וּמִיָּדְךָ֖ נָתַ֥נּוּ לָֽךְ׃ | And who am I, and who are my people, that we should withhold any of our substance in giving voluntary offerings like this? For everything is from you, and what we give you is from your hand. |
withhold: AV differs (be able to).
in giving voluntary offerings: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 1 Chr 29:15 | כִּֽי־גֵרִ֨ים אֲנַ֧חְנוּ לְפָנֶ֛יךָ וְתוֹשָׁבִ֖ים כְּכָל־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ כַּצֵּ֧ל ׀ יָמֵ֛ינוּ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין מִקְוֶֽה׃ | For we are foreigners before you, and temporary residents like all our fathers. Our days on earth are like a shadow, and there is no hope. |
Heb 11:13.
no hope: i.e. no hope from man's resources. Compare 2 Chr 36:16, Eccl 2:24, Eccl 12:12. But also Isa 11:10 quoted in Matt 12:21 etc., Acts 28:20, 1 Cor 15:19, Eph 1:12, Col 1:5, 1 Tim 1:1. |
| 1 Chr 29:16 | יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כֹ֣ל הֶהָמ֤וֹן הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲכִינֹ֔נוּ לִבְנֽוֹת־לְךָ֥ בַ֖יִת לְשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ מִיָּדְךָ֥ *היא **ה֖וּא וּלְךָ֥ הַכֹּֽל׃ | O Lord our God, all this abundance of resources which we have prepared to build a house for you – for your holy name – is from your hand, and all is yours. |
is (first occurrence in verse): in the ketiv this is a feminine pronoun, in the qeré a masculine one. See Eccl 5:8 (Eccl 5:9AV).
your holy name ← the name of your holiness, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 1 Chr 29:17 | וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ בֹּחֵ֣ן לֵבָ֔ב וּמֵישָׁרִ֖ים תִּרְצֶ֑ה אֲנִ֗י בְּיֹ֤שֶׁר לְבָבִי֙ הִתְנַדַּ֣בְתִּי כָל־אֵ֔לֶּה וְעַתָּ֗ה עַמְּךָ֙ הַנִּמְצְאוּ־פֹ֔ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה לְהִֽתְנַדֶּב־לָֽךְ׃ | And I know, O God of mine, that you test the heart and take pleasure in uprightness, and as for me, I have done all these things willingly, with a sincere heart, and now I see with joy your people who are present here voluntarily for you. |
Rev 2:23.
with a sincere heart ← in the uprightness of my heart. are present ← are found. voluntarily ← to volunteer, in volunteering. |
| 1 Chr 29:18 | יְהוָ֗ה אֱ֠לֹהֵי אַבְרָהָ֞ם יִצְחָ֤ק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ שֳׁמְרָה־זֹּ֣את לְעוֹלָ֔ם לְיֵ֥צֶר מַחְשְׁב֖וֹת לְבַ֣ב עַמֶּ֑ךָ וְהָכֵ֥ן לְבָבָ֖ם אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ | O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel our fathers, keep this attitude age-abidingly in the predisposition of the thoughts of the hearts of your people, and direct their hearts towards yourself. |
predisposition ← frame; thought. NH= instinct.
hearts (2x) ← heart. |
| 1 Chr 29:19 | וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֗י תֵּ֚ן לֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם לִשְׁמוֹר֙ מִצְוֺתֶ֔יךָ עֵדְוֺתֶ֖יךָ וְחֻקֶּ֑יךָ וְלַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַכֹּ֔ל וְלִבְנ֖וֹת הַבִּירָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־הֲכִינֽוֹתִי׃ פ | And give a sincere heart to Solomon my son to keep your commandments, your testimonies and your statutes, and to do them all, and to build the temple which I have made preparations for.” |
sincere ← whole.
temple: or palace, castle. |
| 1 Chr 29:20 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִיד֙ לְכָל־הַקָּהָ֔ל בָּֽרְכוּ־נָ֖א אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וַיְבָרֲכ֣וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֗ל לַיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹֽתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְּד֧וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֛וּ לַיהוָ֖ה וְלַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then David said to the whole convocation, “Now bless the Lord your God.” And the whole convocation blessed the Lord God of their fathers, and they bowed down and prostrated themselves before the Lord and before the king. | now ← please, but an unemphatic particle. |
| 1 Chr 29:21 | וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה ׀ זְ֠בָחִים וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עֹל֜וֹת לַיהוָ֗ה לְֽמָחֳרַת֮ הַיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֒ פָּרִ֨ים אֶ֜לֶף אֵילִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף כְּבָשִׂ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֑ם וּזְבָחִ֥ים לָרֹ֖ב לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | Then they offered sacrifices to the Lord and made burnt offerings to the Lord on the day after that day – a thousand bulls, a thousand rams, a thousand lambs, and the accompanying libations – and sacrifices in abundance for the whole of Israel. |
offered ← sacrificed.
the accompanying ← their. |
| 1 Chr 29:22 | וַיֹּאכְל֨וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֜וּ לִפְנֵ֧י יְהוָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בְּשִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֤יכוּ שֵׁנִית֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֔יד וַיִּמְשְׁח֧וּ לַיהוָ֛ה לְנָגִ֥יד וּלְצָד֖וֹק לְכֹהֵֽן׃ | And they ate and drank before the Lord on that day with great joy, and they made Solomon the son of David king for the second time, and they anointed him as belonging to the Lord, as a leader, and also Zadok as priest. | |
| 1 Chr 29:23 | וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שְׁ֠לֹמֹה עַל־כִּסֵּ֨א יְהוָ֧ה ׀ לְמֶ֛לֶךְ תַּֽחַת־דָּוִ֥יד אָבִ֖יו וַיַּצְלַ֑ח וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king in place of David his father, and he prospered, and all Israel heeded him. | |
| 1 Chr 29:24 | וְכָל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְהַגִּבֹּרִ֔ים וְגַ֕ם כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑יד נָ֣תְנוּ יָ֔ד תַּ֖חַת שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And all the commanders and the warriors, and also all the sons of King David gave the hand of allegiance under King Solomon. | |
| 1 Chr 29:25 | וַיְגַדֵּ֨ל יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַ֔עְלָה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּתֵּ֤ן עָלָיו֙ ה֣וֹד מַלְכ֔וּת אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה עַל־כָּל־מֶ֛לֶךְ לְפָנָ֖יו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And the Lord exalted Solomon highly in the eyes of the whole of Israel, and he bestowed on him royal majesty such as there had never been on any king over Israel before him. |
exalted ... highly ← magnified ... upwards.
such as ← which. never ← not. any ← every. |
| 1 Chr 29:26 | וְדָוִיד֙ בֶּן־יִשָׁ֔י מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | So David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. | || 2 Sam 5:4. |
| 1 Chr 29:27 | וְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּחֶבְר֤וֹן מָלַךְ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֥ם מָלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃ | And the days for which he reigned over Israel amounted to forty years. In Hebron he reigned for seven years and in Jerusalem he reigned for thirty-three. | || 2 Sam 5:4, 2 Sam 5:5, 1 Ki 2:11. |
| 1 Chr 29:28 | וַיָּ֙מָת֙ בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה טוֹבָ֔ה שְׂבַ֥ע יָמִ֖ים עֹ֣שֶׁר וְכָב֑וֹד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And he died in ripe old age, full of days, wealth and honour, and Solomon his son reigned in his place. |
ripe old age ← good grey hair.
full ← satiated. |
| 1 Chr 29:29 | וְדִבְרֵי֙ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאֲחרֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הָרֹאֶ֔ה וְעַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְעַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י גָּ֥ד הַחֹזֶֽה׃ | And as for the affairs of King David, from the first to the last, they are to be seen written in the Chronicles of Samuel the seer, and in the Chronicles of Nathan the prophet, and in the Chronicles of Gad the beholder of visions, | they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 1 Chr 29:30 | עִ֥ם כָּל־מַלְכוּת֖וֹ וּגְבוּרָת֑וֹ וְהָעִתִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבְר֤וּ עָלָיו֙ וְעַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ פ | with all his royal dignity and bravery, and the times which passed over him and over Israel and over all the kingdoms of the various countries. | |
| 2 Chr 1:1 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֛ק שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בֶן־דָּוִ֖יד עַל־מַלְכוּת֑וֹ וַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַֽיְגַדְּלֵ֖הוּ לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And Solomon the son of David gained strength over his kingdom, and the Lord his God was with him, and he exalted him highly. | exalted him highly ← magnified him upwards. |
| 2 Chr 1:2 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לְשָׂרֵי֩ הָאֲלָפִ֨ים וְהַמֵּא֜וֹת וְלַשֹּֽׁפְטִ֗ים וּלְכֹ֛ל נָשִׂ֥יא לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל רָאשֵׁ֥י הָאָבֽוֹת׃ | And Solomon spoke to the whole of Israel – to the commanders of a thousand and the commanders of a hundred, and to the judges and to every leading person in the whole of Israel – the paternal heads. | |
| 2 Chr 1:3 | וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ וְכָל־הַקָּהָ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ לַבָּמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגִבְע֑וֹן כִּי־שָׁ֣ם הָיָ֗ה אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה מֹשֶׁ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And Solomon and the whole convocation with him went to the idolatrous raised site which was in Gibeon, for in that place was the tent of contact of God which Moses the servant of the Lord had made in the desert. |
|| 1 Ki 3:4.
Gibeon: see Josh 9:3. the tent of contact: see Ex 27:21. |
| 2 Chr 1:4 | אֲבָ֗ל אֲר֤וֹן הָאֱלֹהִים֙ הֶעֱלָ֤ה דָוִיד֙ מִקִּרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים בַּֽהֵכִ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּוִ֑יד כִּ֧י נָֽטָה־ל֛וֹ אֹ֖הֶל בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But it was David who brought the ark of God up from Kiriath-Jearim to where David had prepared for it, for he had pitched a tent for it in Jerusalem. |
but it was David: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
Kiriath-Jearim: see Josh 9:17. |
| 2 Chr 1:5 | וּמִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ בְּצַלְאֵל֙ בֶּן־אוּרִ֣י בֶן־ח֔וּר שָׂ֕ם לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּדְרְשֵׁ֥הוּ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה וְהַקָּהָֽל׃ | And he put the copper altar, which Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, had made, before the tabernacle of the Lord, and Solomon and the convocation consulted the Lord there. |
Bezalel: see Ex 31:2.
consulted the Lord ← consulted him / it. |
| 2 Chr 1:6 | וַיַּעַל֩ שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה שָׁ֜ם עַל־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיַּ֧עַל עָלָ֛יו עֹל֖וֹת אָֽלֶף׃ | And Solomon made offerings there on the copper altar before the Lord, it being in front of the tent of contact, and he made a thousand burnt offerings on it. |
|| 1 Ki 3:4.
made offerings: or went up. The same word as for made (a thousand) burnt offerings. |
| 2 Chr 1:7 | בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא נִרְאָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים לִשְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ שְׁאַ֖ל מָ֥ה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ | On that night God appeared to Solomon and said to him, “Ask what you want me to give you.” | || 1 Ki 3:5. |
| 2 Chr 1:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים אַתָּ֗ה עָשִׂ֛יתָ עִם־דָּוִ֥יד אָבִ֖י חֶ֣סֶד גָּד֑וֹל וְהִמְלַכְתַּ֖נִי תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Solomon said to God, “You acted with much kindness towards my father David, and you made me king in his place. | || 1 Ki 3:6, 1 Ki 3:7. |
| 2 Chr 1:9 | עַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים יֵֽאָמֵן֙ דְּבָ֣רְךָ֔ עִ֖ם דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑י כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ הִמְלַכְתַּ֔נִי עַל־עַ֕ם רַ֖ב כַּעֲפַ֥ר הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | Now, O Lord God, may your word in connection with my father David be upheld, for you have made me king over a people as numerous as the particles of dust of the earth. |
|| 1 Ki 3:8.
upheld ← faithful. |
| 2 Chr 1:10 | עַתָּ֗ה חָכְמָ֤ה וּמַדָּע֙ תֶּן־לִ֔י וְאֵֽצְאָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה וְאָב֑וֹאָה כִּֽי־מִ֣י יִשְׁפֹּ֔ט אֶת־עַמְּךָ֥ הַזֶּ֖ה הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ ס | So now, give me wisdom and knowledge, so that I can conduct myself in the presence of this people, for who can judge this numerous people of yours?” |
|| 1 Ki 3:9.
conduct myself ← go out and come in. numerous: or great. |
| 2 Chr 1:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר־אֱלֹהִ֣ים ׀ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֡ה יַ֣עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיְתָ֨ה זֹ֜את עִם־לְבָבֶ֗ךָ וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֠אַלְתָּ עֹ֣שֶׁר נְכָסִ֤ים וְכָבוֹד֙ וְאֵת֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ שֹׂנְאֶ֔יךָ וְגַם־יָמִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים לֹ֣א שָׁאָ֑לְתָּ וַתִּֽשְׁאַל־לְךָ֙ חָכְמָ֣ה וּמַדָּ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּשְׁפּוֹט֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִמְלַכְתִּ֖יךָ עָלָֽיו׃ | Then God said to Solomon, “Since this was in your heart, and you did not ask for wealth and treasures and honour, or the life of those who hate you, and you did not ask for long life either, but you have asked for wisdom and knowledge with which you can judge my people, over whom I have made you king, |
|| 1 Ki 3:11.
life ← soul. long life ← many days. |
| 2 Chr 1:12 | הַֽחָכְמָ֥ה וְהַמַּדָּ֖ע נָת֣וּן לָ֑ךְ וְעֹ֨שֶׁר וּנְכָסִ֤ים וְכָבוֹד֙ אֶתֶּן־לָ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לֹא־הָ֣יָה כֵ֗ן לַמְּלָכִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֶ֖יךָ לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃ | the wisdom and knowledge are given to you, and I will give you wealth and treasures and honour such as no kings have had before you and will not have after you.” |
|| 1 Ki 3:12, 1 Ki 3:13.
such as ← which ... thus. |
| 2 Chr 1:13 | וַיָּבֹ֨א שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה לַבָּמָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּגִבְעוֹן֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מִלִּפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Solomon went to the idolatrous raised site which was in Gibeon and back to Jerusalem, opposite the tent of contact. And he reigned over Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 3:15.
opposite ← from before, but not always with the idea of distancing; see [ST]. |
| 2 Chr 1:14 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֣ף שְׁלֹמֹה֮ רֶ֣כֶב וּפָרָשִׁים֒ וַֽיְהִי־ל֗וֹ אֶ֤לֶף וְאַרְבַּע־מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וּשְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּנִּיחֵם֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וְעִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And Solomon assembled a chariot fleet and horsemen, and he had one thousand four hundred chariots and twelve thousand horsemen, and he stationed them in the chariot cities, whereas some were with the king in Jerusalem. | || 1 Ki 10:26. |
| 2 Chr 1:15 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־הַכֶּ֧סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָ֛ב בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם כָּאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת הָאֲרָזִ֗ים נָתַ֛ן כַּשִּׁקְמִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה לָרֹֽב׃ | And the king made silver and gold commonplace in Jerusalem like stones in their abundance, and he made cedars like the sycamores which are in the lowlands in abundance. | || 1 Ki 10:27, 2 Chr 9:27. |
| 2 Chr 1:16 | וּמוֹצָ֧א הַסּוּסִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וּמִקְוֵ֕א סֹחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מִקְוֵ֥א יִקְח֖וּ בִּמְחִֽיר׃ | And the origin of Solomon's horses was that they were from Egypt, and the company of the king's merchants obtained the company of animals at a price. |
|| 1 Ki 10:28, 2 Chr 9:28.
company ... company: the same word in each case. AV differs (linen yarn). |
| 2 Chr 1:17 | וַֽ֠יַּעֲלוּ וַיּוֹצִ֨יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֤יִם מֶרְכָּבָה֙ בְּשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת כֶּ֔סֶף וְס֖וּס בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמֵאָ֑ה וְ֠כֵן לְכָל־מַלְכֵ֧י הַֽחִתִּ֛ים וּמַלְכֵ֥י אֲרָ֖ם בְּיָדָ֥ם יוֹצִֽיאוּ׃ | And they brought up and exported from Egypt a chariot for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for one hundred and fifty, and so they dispatched them through their agency to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aramaea. |
|| 1 Ki 10:29.
agency ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 1:18 2 Chr 2:1AV |
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לִבְנ֥וֹת בַּ֙יִת֙ לְשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וּבַ֖יִת לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | And Solomon gave instructions to build a house for the name of the Lord and a house for his kingdom. | gave instructions ← said. |
| 2 Chr 2:1 2 Chr 2:2AV |
וַיִּסְפֹּ֨ר שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ אִ֣ישׁ סַבָּ֔ל וּשְׁמוֹנִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ חֹצֵ֣ב בָּהָ֑ר וּמְנַצְּחִ֣ים עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | And Solomon counted seventy thousand burden bearers, and eighty thousand men to hew in the mountain, and three thousand six hundred superintendents over them. | counted: perhaps standing for recruited. |
| 2 Chr 2:2 2 Chr 2:3AV |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶל־חוּרָ֥ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צֹ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִם־דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔י וַתִּֽשְׁלַֽח־ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים לִבְנֽוֹת־ל֥וֹ בַ֖יִת לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בּֽוֹ׃ | And Solomon sent word to Huram king of Tyre and said, “As you did with David my father and sent him cedars to build himself a house to live in, |
|| 1 Ki 5:16, 1 Ki 5:17 (1 Ki 5:2AV, 1 Ki 5:3AV).
Huram: see 1 Chr 14:1. live ← sit, remain. |
| 2 Chr 2:3 2 Chr 2:4AV |
הִנֵּה֩ אֲנִ֨י בֽוֹנֶה־בַּ֜יִת לְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֗י לְהַקְדִּ֣ישׁ ל֡וֹ לְהַקְטִ֣יר לְפָנָ֣יו קְטֹֽרֶת־סַמִּים֩ וּמַעֲרֶ֨כֶת תָּמִ֤יד וְעֹלוֹת֙ לַבֹּ֣קֶר וְלָעֶ֔רֶב לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת֙ וְלֶ֣חֳדָשִׁ֔ים וּֽלְמוֹעֲדֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְעוֹלָ֖ם זֹ֥את עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | so I for my part am about to build a house to the name of the Lord my God, to consecrate it to him and to burn aromatic incense before him, and for showbread perpetually, and for burnt offerings in the morning and in the evening, for Sabbaths and for new moons and for festival times of the Lord our God, this being enjoined age-abidingly on Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 5:19 (1 Ki 5:5AV).
I for my part am about to ← behold me. new moons: or months. |
| 2 Chr 2:4 2 Chr 2:5AV |
וְהַבַּ֛יִת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י בוֹנֶ֖ה גָּד֑וֹל כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And the house which I am building is great, because our God is greater than all the gods. | |
| 2 Chr 2:5 2 Chr 2:6AV |
וּמִ֤י יַעֲצָר־כֹּ֙חַ֙ לִבְנֽוֹת־ל֣וֹ בַ֔יִת כִּ֧י הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וּשְׁמֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א יְכַלְכְּלֻ֑הוּ וּמִ֤י אֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶבְנֶה־לּ֣וֹ בַ֔יִת כִּ֖י אִם־לְהַקְטִ֥יר לְפָנָֽיו׃ | But who retains strength to build him a house? For heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain him, so who am I that I should build him a house, except to burn incense before him? | |
| 2 Chr 2:6 2 Chr 2:7AV |
וְעַתָּ֡ה שְֽׁלַֽח־לִ֣י אִישׁ־חָכָ֡ם לַעֲשׂוֹת֩ בַּזָּהָ֨ב וּבַכֶּ֜סֶף וּבַנְּחֹ֣שֶׁת וּבַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וּבָֽאַרְגְּוָן֙ וְכַרְמִ֣יל וּתְכֵ֔לֶת וְיֹדֵ֖עַ לְפַתֵּ֣חַ פִּתּוּחִ֑ים עִם־הַֽחֲכָמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר עִמִּי֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֣ה וּבִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵכִ֖ין דָּוִ֥יד אָבִֽי׃ | So now, send me a man skilled in working with gold and with silver and with copper and with iron and with purple and with crimson and with cerulean blue dyes, and who knows how to engrave engravings, to work with skilled men who are with me in Judah and Jerusalem, whom David my father appointed. |
|| 1 Ki 5:20 (1 Ki 5:6AV).
in working: gerundial use of the infinitive. appointed ← prepared. |
| 2 Chr 2:7 2 Chr 2:8AV |
וּֽשְׁלַֽח־לִי֩ עֲצֵ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים בְּרוֹשִׁ֣ים וְאַלְגּוּמִּים֮ מֵֽהַלְּבָנוֹן֒ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ יֽוֹדְעִ֔ים לִכְר֖וֹת עֲצֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן וְהִנֵּ֥ה עֲבָדַ֖י עִם־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ | And send me cedar and cypress and almug wood from Lebanon, for I know that your servants know how to fell the trees of Lebanon. And look, my servants will be with your servants, |
|| 1 Ki 5:20 (1 Ki 5:6AV).
almug: see 1 Ki 10:11. |
| 2 Chr 2:8 2 Chr 2:9AV |
וּלְהָכִ֥ין לִ֛י עֵצִ֖ים לָרֹ֑ב כִּ֥י הַבַּ֛יִת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י בוֹנֶ֖ה גָּד֥וֹל וְהַפְלֵֽא׃ | in order to prepare wood for me in abundance, because the house which I am building will be great, and wondrously so. | || 1 Ki 5:20 (1 Ki 5:6AV). |
| 2 Chr 2:9 2 Chr 2:10AV |
וְהִנֵּ֣ה לַֽחֹטְבִ֣ים ׀ לְֽכֹרְתֵ֣י ׀ הָעֵצִ֡ים נָתַתִּי֩ חִטִּ֨ים ׀ מַכּ֜וֹת לַעֲבָדֶ֗יךָ כֹּרִים֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׂעֹרִ֕ים כֹּרִ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אָ֑לֶף וְיַ֗יִן בַּתִּים֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וְשֶׁ֕מֶן בַּתִּ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אָֽלֶף׃ פ | And look, I will give to the hewers and to the lumberjacks – to your servants – twenty thousand cors of threshed wheat and twenty thousand cors of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil.” |
cor (2x): about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres.
threshed ← beaten. bath (2x): about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| 2 Chr 2:10 2 Chr 2:11AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר חוּרָ֤ם מֶֽלֶךְ־צֹר֙ בִּכְתָ֔ב וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה בְּאַהֲבַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ נְתָנְךָ֥ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | And Huram king of Tyre stated in writing and sent the following to Solomon: “In the Lord's love for his people, he has appointed you king over them.” |
|| 1 Ki 5:21 (1 Ki 5:7AV).
Huram: see 2 Chr 2:2 (2 Chr 2:3AV). |
| 2 Chr 2:11 2 Chr 2:12AV |
וַיֹּאמֶר֮ חוּרָם֒ בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַן֩ לְדָוִ֨יד הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בֵּ֣ן חָכָ֗ם יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ שֵׂ֣כֶל וּבִינָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְנֶה־בַּ֙יִת֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וּבַ֖יִת לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | Then Huram said, “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel who made heaven and the earth, who has given to King David a wise son who has prudence and intelligence, who will build a house to the Lord, and a house for his kingdom. |
|| 1 Ki 5:21 (1 Ki 5:7AV).
Huram: see 2 Chr 2:2 (2 Chr 2:3AV). has ← knows. |
| 2 Chr 2:12 2 Chr 2:13AV |
וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׁלַ֧חְתִּי אִישׁ־חָכָ֛ם יוֹדֵ֥עַ בִּינָ֖ה לְחוּרָ֥ם אָבִֽי׃ | So now, I have sent a skilled man who has intelligence, who belonged to Huram my father, | has ← knows. |
| 2 Chr 2:13 2 Chr 2:14AV |
בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֞ה מִן־בְּנ֣וֹת דָּ֗ן וְאָבִ֣יו אִישׁ־צֹרִ֡י יוֹדֵ֡עַ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת בַּזָּֽהָב־וּ֠בַכֶּסֶף בַּנְּחֹ֨שֶׁת בַּבַּרְזֶ֜ל בָּאֲבָנִ֣ים וּבָעֵצִ֗ים בָּאַרְגָּמָ֤ן בַּתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ וּבַבּ֣וּץ וּבַכַּרְמִ֔יל וּלְפַתֵּ֙חַ֙ כָּל־פִּתּ֔וּחַ וְלַחְשֹׁ֖ב כָּל־מַחֲשָׁ֑בֶת אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִנָּֽתֶן־לוֹ֙ עִם־חֲכָמֶ֔יךָ וְֽחַכְמֵ֔י אֲדֹנִ֖י דָּוִ֥יד אָבִֽיךָ׃ | the son of a woman who is one of the daughters of Dan, whose father is a Tyrian, who knows how to work with gold and with silver, with copper and with iron, with stone and with wood, with purple and with cerulean blue dye, and with byssus and with crimson, and how to engrave every kind of engraving, and to devise every kind of device which is presented to him, with your skilled men, and the skilled men of my lord David your father. | byssus: see 1 Chr 15:27. |
| 2 Chr 2:14 2 Chr 2:15AV |
וְ֠עַתָּה הַחִטִּ֨ים וְהַשְּׂעֹרִ֜ים הַשֶּׁ֤מֶן וְהַיַּ֙יִן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנִ֔י יִשְׁלַ֖ח לַעֲבָדָֽיו׃ | And now what my lord specified may he send to his servants – the wheat and the barley and the oil and the wine – | specified ← said. |
| 2 Chr 2:15 2 Chr 2:16AV |
וַ֠אֲנַחְנוּ נִכְרֹ֨ת עֵצִ֤ים מִן־הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ כְּכָל־צָרְכֶּ֔ךָ וּנְבִיאֵ֥ם לְךָ֛ רַפְסֹד֖וֹת עַל־יָ֣ם יָפ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֛ה תַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | and we will fell trees in Lebanon according to all your needs, and we will bring them to you as rafts by sea to Joppa, whereupon you can bring them up to Jerusalem.” |
|| 1 Ki 5:23 (1 Ki 5:9AV).
in Lebanon ← from Lebanon. needs ← need. as rafts: or (on) rafts. |
| 2 Chr 2:16 2 Chr 2:17AV |
וַיִּסְפֹּ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הַגֵּירִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֣י הַסְּפָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְפָרָ֖ם דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמָּצְא֗וּ מֵאָ֤ה וַחֲמִשִּׁים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And Solomon counted all the foreigners who were in the land of Israel after the census when David his father counted them, and they were found to be one hundred and fifty-three thousand and six hundred in number. | || 1 Ki 5:27, 1 Ki 5:28 (1 Ki 5:13AV, 1 Ki 5:14AV). |
| 2 Chr 2:17 2 Chr 2:18AV |
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ מֵהֶ֜ם שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ סַבָּ֔ל וּשְׁמֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֹצֵ֣ב בָּהָ֑ר וּשְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת מְנַצְּחִ֖ים לְהַעֲבִ֥יד אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ | And of them he made seventy thousand burden bearers and eighty thousand hewers on the mountain, and three thousand six hundred superintendents to put the people to work. | || 1 Ki 5:29, 1 Ki 5:30 (1 Ki 5:15AV, 1 Ki 5:16AV). |
| 2 Chr 3:1 | וַיָּ֣חֶל שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לִבְנ֤וֹת אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּהַר֙ הַמּ֣וֹרִיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִרְאָ֖ה לְדָוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יהוּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵכִין֙ בִּמְק֣וֹם דָּוִ֔יד בְּגֹ֖רֶן אָרְנָ֥ן הַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | So Solomon began to build the house of the Lord in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the Lord had appeared to David his father, who had made preparations on David's site at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. |
|| 1 Ki 6:1.
Ornan: see 2 Sam 24:16. |
| 2 Chr 3:2 | וַ֠יָּחֶל לִבְנ֞וֹת בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ בַּשֵּׁנִ֔י בִּשְׁנַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֖ע לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃ | And he began to build in the second month, on the second day, in the fourth year of his reign. | || 1 Ki 6:1. |
| 2 Chr 3:3 | וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ הוּסַ֣ד שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לִבְנ֖וֹת אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים הָאֹ֡רֶךְ אַמּ֞וֹת בַּמִּדָּ֤ה הָרִֽאשׁוֹנָה֙ אַמּ֣וֹת שִׁשִּׁ֔ים וְרֹ֖חַב אַמּ֥וֹת עֶשְׂרִֽים׃ | So by these things Solomon was moved to initiate building the house of God. The length in cubits by the former system was sixty cubits, and the width was twenty cubits. |
|| 1 Ki 6:2.
was moved to initiate: was caused to found, but also it was founded. AV differs somewhat (was instructed), apparently translating from הוּסַר, from root יסר. cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. former system ← first measure. |
| 2 Chr 3:4 | וְהָאוּלָ֡ם אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל־פְּנֵ֨י הָאֹ֜רֶךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֤י רֹֽחַב־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אַמּ֣וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְהַגֹּ֖בַהּ מֵאָ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֑ים וַיְצַפֵּ֥הוּ מִפְּנִ֖ימָה זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | And the portico which was in front had a length across the width of the house – twenty cubits. And its height was one hundred and twenty cubits. And he overlaid it on the inside with pure gold. |
|| 1 Ki 6:3, 1 Ki 6:21.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 2 Chr 3:5 | וְאֵ֣ת ׀ הַבַּ֣יִת הַגָּד֗וֹל חִפָּה֙ עֵ֣ץ בְּרוֹשִׁ֔ים וַיְחַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָ֣ב ט֑וֹב וַיַּ֧עַל עָלָ֛יו תִּמֹרִ֖ים וְשַׁרְשְׁרֽוֹת׃ | And he panelled the great house with cypress wood, and he overlaid it with fine gold, and he set palm tree figures and chains on it. |
|| 1 Ki 6:21.
fine ← good. set ← raised. |
| 2 Chr 3:6 | וַיְצַ֧ף אֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת אֶ֥בֶן יְקָרָ֖ה לְתִפְאָ֑רֶת וְהַזָּהָ֖ב זְהַ֥ב פַּרְוָֽיִם׃ | And he overlaid the house with expensive stone for its splendour. And the gold was Parvaim gold. | || 1 Ki 6:22. |
| 2 Chr 3:7 | וַיְחַ֨ף אֶת־הַבַּ֜יִת הַקֹּר֧וֹת הַסִּפִּ֛ים וְקִֽירוֹתָ֥יו וְדַלְתוֹתָ֖יו זָהָ֑ב וּפִתַּ֥ח כְּרוּבִ֖ים עַל־הַקִּירֽוֹת׃ ס | And he overlaid the house – the beams and the thresholds and its walls and its doors with gold, and he engraved cherubim on the walls. | || 1 Ki 6:22. |
| 2 Chr 3:8 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־בֵּֽית־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֔ים אָרְכּ֞וֹ עַל־פְּנֵ֤י רֹֽחַב־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אַמּ֣וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְרָחְבּ֖וֹ אַמּ֣וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֑ים וַיְחַפֵּ֙הוּ֙ זָהָ֣ב ט֔וֹב לְכִכָּרִ֖ים שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And he made the room of the holy of holies, whose length was in accordance with the width of the house – twenty cubits – and its width was twenty cubits, and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six hundred talents. |
|| 1 Ki 6:22.
room ← house. cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. fine ← good. talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 3:9 | וּמִשְׁקָ֛ל לְמִסְמְר֥וֹת לִשְׁקָלִ֖ים חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים זָהָ֑ב וְהָעֲלִיּ֖וֹת חִפָּ֥ה זָהָֽב׃ | And the weight of the nails was equal to that of fifty shekels of gold. And he overlaid the upper rooms with gold. | || 1 Ki 6:22. |
| 2 Chr 3:10 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ בְּבֵֽית־קֹ֤דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים֙ כְּרוּבִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה צַעֲצֻעִ֑ים וַיְצַפּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ | And in the room of the holy of holies he made two cherubim – carved work – and the gilders overlaid them with gold. |
|| 1 Ki 6:23.
room ← house. the gilders: supplied because the verb is plural. AV differs (he ... overlayeth), and even [YLT] fails to recognize the plural verb. |
| 2 Chr 3:11 | וְכַנְפֵי֙ הַכְּרוּבִ֔ים אָרְכָּ֖ם אַמּ֣וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֑ים כְּנַ֨ף הָאֶחָ֜ד לְאַמּ֣וֹת חָמֵ֗שׁ מַגַּ֙עַת֙ לְקִ֣יר הַבַּ֔יִת וְהַכָּנָ֤ף הָאַחֶ֙רֶת֙ אַמּ֣וֹת חָמֵ֔שׁ מַגִּ֕יעַ לִכְנַ֖ף הַכְּר֥וּב הָאַחֵֽר׃ | As for the wings of the cherubim, their length was twenty cubits. One wing had a length of five cubits, touching the wall of the room, while the other wing of five cubits touched the wing of the other cherub. |
|| 1 Ki 6:24.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. room ← house. |
| 2 Chr 3:12 | וּכְנַ֨ף הַכְּר֤וּב הָאֶחָד֙ אַמּ֣וֹת חָמֵ֔שׁ מַגִּ֖יעַ לְקִ֣יר הַבָּ֑יִת וְהַכָּנָ֤ף הָאַחֶ֙רֶת֙ אַמּ֣וֹת חָמֵ֔שׁ דְּבֵקָ֕ה לִכְנַ֖ף הַכְּר֥וּב הָאַחֵֽר׃ | And the wing of the other cherub was five cubits in length, touching the wall of the room, and the other wing was five cubits, adjoining the wing of the other cherub. |
|| 1 Ki 6:25, 1 Ki 6:27.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. room ← house. |
| 2 Chr 3:13 | כַּנְפֵי֙ הַכְּרוּבִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה פֹּֽרְשִׂ֖ים אַמּ֣וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֑ים וְהֵ֛ם עֹמְדִ֥ים עַל־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם וּפְנֵיהֶ֥ם לַבָּֽיִת׃ ס | The wings of these cherubim extended to twenty cubits, and they stood on their feet with their faces directed inwards. |
|| 1 Ki 6:27.
cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 2 Chr 3:14 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְכַרְמִ֣יל וּב֑וּץ וַיַּ֥עַל עָלָ֖יו כְּרוּבִֽים׃ ס | And he made the veil of cerulean blue and purple and crimson material, and byssus, and he set up cherubim on it. | byssus: see 1 Chr 15:27. |
| 2 Chr 3:15 | וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לִפְנֵ֤י הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַמּוּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם אַמּ֕וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְחָמֵ֖שׁ אֹ֑רֶךְ וְהַצֶּ֥פֶת אֲשֶׁר־עַל־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ אַמּ֥וֹת חָמֵֽשׁ׃ ס | And in front of the house he made two columns, thirty-five cubits in height, and the capital which was on top of them was five cubits high. |
|| 1 Ki 7:15, 1 Ki 7:16.
cubit (2x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. height ← length. on top of them ← on top of it. |
| 2 Chr 3:16 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ שַׁרְשְׁרוֹת֙ בַּדְּבִ֔יר וַיִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמֻּדִ֑ים וַיַּ֤עַשׂ רִמּוֹנִים֙ מֵאָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן בַּֽשַּׁרְשְׁרֽוֹת׃ | And he made a work in chains in the place of address, and he put it on top of the columns, and he made one hundred pomegranates and put them on the work in chains. | || 1 Ki 7:16. |
| 2 Chr 3:17 | וַיָּ֤קֶם אֶת־הָֽעַמּוּדִים֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַהֵיכָ֔ל אֶחָ֥ד מִיָּמִ֖ין וְאֶחָ֣ד מֵֽהַשְּׂמֹ֑אול וַיִּקְרָ֤א שֵׁם־*הימיני **הַיְמָנִי֙ יָכִ֔ין וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשְּׂמָאלִ֖י בֹּֽעַז׃ ס | And he erected the columns alongside the temple, one on the right and one on the left, and he called the right hand one Jachin, and the left hand one Boaz. |
right: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
|| 1 Ki 7:21. |
| 2 Chr 4:1 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח נְחֹ֔שֶׁת עֶשְׂרִ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אָרְכּ֔וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אַמָּ֖ה רָחְבּ֑וֹ וְעֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת קוֹמָתֽוֹ׃ ס | And he made a copper altar whose length was twenty cubits and whose width was twenty cubits and whose height was ten cubits. | cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 2 Chr 4:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם מוּצָ֑ק עֶ֣שֶׂר בָּֽ֠אַמָּה מִשְּׂפָת֨וֹ אֶל־שְׂפָת֜וֹ עָג֣וֹל ׀ סָבִ֗יב וְחָמֵ֤שׁ בָּֽאַמָּה֙ קֽוֹמָת֔וֹ וְקָו֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה יָסֹ֥ב אֹת֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he made the cast artificial sea, ten cubits in diameter, circular all round, whose height was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits would fit round it. |
|| 1 Ki 7:23.
in diameter ← from its rim to its rim. would fit round it ← will surround it around. On pi, see 1 Ki 7:23. |
| 2 Chr 4:3 | וּדְמ֣וּת בְּקָרִים֩ תַּ֨חַת ל֜וֹ סָבִ֤יב ׀ סָבִיב֙ סוֹבְבִ֣ים אֹת֔וֹ עֶ֚שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה מַקִּיפִ֥ים אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם סָבִ֑יב שְׁנַ֤יִם טוּרִים֙ הַבָּקָ֔ר יְצוּקִ֖ים בְּמֻֽצַקְתּֽוֹ׃ | And below it, encircling it all around was an image of oxen, ten to the cubit, encircling the artificial sea. There were two rows of oxen cast integrally. |
|| 1 Ki 7:24.
all around ← around, around. encircling the artificial sea ← surrounding the sea around. integrally ← in its casting. |
| 2 Chr 4:4 | עוֹמֵ֞ד עַל־שְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר בָּקָ֗ר שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה פֹנִ֣ים ׀ צָפ֡וֹנָה וּשְׁלוֹשָׁה֩ פֹנִ֨ים ׀ יָ֜מָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה ׀ פֹּנִ֣ים נֶ֗גְבָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פֹּנִ֣ים מִזְרָ֔חָה וְהַיָּ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְכָל־אֲחֹרֵיהֶ֖ם בָּֽיְתָה׃ | It stood on twelve oxen – three facing northwards, and three facing westwards, and three facing southwards, and three facing eastwards. And the artificial sea rested on them, above, and all their posteriors were facing inwards. | || 1 Ki 7:25. |
| 2 Chr 4:5 | וְעָבְי֣וֹ טֶ֔פַח וּשְׂפָתוֹ֙ כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שְׂפַת־כּ֔וֹס פֶּ֖רַח שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּ֑ה מַחֲזִ֣יק בַּתִּ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים יָכִֽיל׃ ס | And its thickness was a handbreadth, and its rim was in the style of the rim of the bud of a lily flower. It held three thousand baths in volume. |
|| 1 Ki 7:26.
in the style ← like the work. it held ... in volume ← holding ... it will contain. bath: about 6 imperial gallons or 27 litres. |
| 2 Chr 4:6 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ כִּיּוֹרִים֮ עֲשָׂרָה֒ וַ֠יִּתֵּן חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה מִיָּמִ֜ין וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה מִשְּׂמֹאול֙ לְרָחְצָ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה הָעוֹלָ֖ה יָדִ֣יחוּ בָ֑ם וְהַיָּ֕ם לְרָחְצָ֥ה לַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃ ס | And he made ten lavers, and he put five of them on the right hand side and five on the left hand side, to wash in them. They washed in them the things to do with the burnt offering, whereas the artificial sea was for the priests to wash. |
|| 1 Ki 7:38, 1 Ki 7:39.
the things to do with ← the deed of. |
| 2 Chr 4:7 | וַ֠יַּעַשׂ אֶת־מְנֹר֧וֹת הַזָּהָ֛ב עֶ֖שֶׂר כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ בַּֽהֵיכָ֔ל חָמֵ֥שׁ מִיָּמִ֖ין וְחָמֵ֥שׁ מִשְּׂמֹֽאול׃ ס | And he made ten golden lampstands in the prescribed way for them, and he put them in the temple – five on the right and five on the left. | in the prescribed way for them ← as their custom / judgment. |
| 2 Chr 4:8 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שֻׁלְחָנוֹת֮ עֲשָׂרָה֒ וַיַּנַּח֙ בַּֽהֵיכָ֔ל חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה מִיָּמִ֖ין וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה מִשְּׂמֹ֑אול וַיַּ֛עַשׂ מִזְרְקֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב מֵאָֽה׃ | And he made ten tables, and he placed them in the temple – five on the right and five on the left. And he made one hundred golden sprinkling basins. | |
| 2 Chr 4:9 | וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ חֲצַ֣ר הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים וְהָעֲזָרָ֖ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה וּדְלָת֧וֹת לָעֲזָרָ֛ה וְדַלְתוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם צִפָּ֥ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ | And he made the priests' courtyard and the great enclosure, and doors for the enclosure, and he overlaid their doors with copper. | |
| 2 Chr 4:10 | וְאֶת־הַיָּ֗ם נָתַ֞ן מִכֶּ֧תֶף הַיְמָנִ֛ית קֵ֖דְמָה מִמּ֥וּל נֶֽגְבָּה׃ | And he put the artificial sea on the right hand side, in the southern part of the eastern side. |
|| 1 Ki 7:39.
side ← shoulder. in the southern part of the eastern side ← eastwards opposite south. |
| 2 Chr 4:11 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ חוּרָ֔ם אֶת־הַ֨סִּיר֔וֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָק֑וֹת ס וַיְכַ֣ל *חירם **חוּרָ֗ם לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בְּבֵ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Huram made the pans and the shovels and the sprinkling basins, and {Q: Huram} [K: Hiram] finished making the artisanry which he made for King Solomon to go in the house of God: | || 1 Ki 7:40. |
| 2 Chr 4:12 | עַמּוּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם וְהַגֻּלּ֧וֹת וְהַכֹּתָר֛וֹת עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֖ים שְׁתָּ֑יִם וְהַשְּׂבָכ֣וֹת שְׁתַּ֔יִם לְכַסּ֗וֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ גֻּלּ֣וֹת הַכֹּֽתָר֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָֽעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | the two columns with bowls and capitals on top of both columns, and the two trellises to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on top of the columns, | || 1 Ki 7:41. |
| 2 Chr 4:13 | וְאֶת־הָֽרִמּוֹנִ֛ים אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת לִשְׁתֵּ֣י הַשְּׂבָכ֑וֹת שְׁנַ֨יִם טוּרִ֤ים רִמּוֹנִים֙ לַשְּׂבָכָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֔ת לְכַסּ֗וֹת אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ גֻּלּ֣וֹת הַכֹּֽתָר֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃ | and four hundred pomegranates for the two trellises – two rows of pomegranates to each trellis to cover the two bowls of the capitals which were on top of the columns. |
|| 1 Ki 7:42.
each ← one. on top of ← upon the face of. |
| 2 Chr 4:14 | וְאֶת־הַמְּכֹנ֖וֹת עָשָׂ֑ה וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּר֥וֹת עָשָׂ֖ה עַל־הַמְּכֹנֽוֹת׃ | And he made the stands, and he made the lavers on the stands, | || 1 Ki 7:43. |
| 2 Chr 4:15 | אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם אֶחָ֑ד וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֥ר שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | and the single artificial sea, and the twelve oxen under it. | || 1 Ki 7:44. |
| 2 Chr 4:16 | וְאֶת־הַ֠סִּירוֹת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִ֤ים וְאֶת־הַמִּזְלָגוֹת֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵיהֶ֔ם עָשָׂ֞ה חוּרָ֥ם אָבִ֛יו לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה נְחֹ֖שֶׁת מָרֽוּק׃ | And Huram his father made the pans and the shovels and the forks and all the equipment for King Solomon for the house of the Lord, in polished copper. |
|| 1 Ki 7:45.
and Huram his father made the pans: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Chr 4:17 | בְּכִכַּ֤ר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ יְצָקָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בַּעֲבִ֖י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה בֵּ֥ין סֻכּ֖וֹת וּבֵ֥ין צְרֵדָֽתָה׃ | The king cast them in the tract of the Jordan, in the thickly overgrown land between Succoth and Zeredath. |
|| 1 Ki 7:46.
Zeredath: AV= Zeredatha, taking the locative hé as part of the name. |
| 2 Chr 4:18 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָרֹ֣ב מְאֹ֑ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א נֶחְקַ֖ר מִשְׁקַ֥ל הַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת׃ פ | So Solomon made all this equipment, which was in great abundance, for the weight of copper was not investigated. |
|| 1 Ki 7:47.
made: standing for had (it) made. |
| 2 Chr 4:19 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָנ֔וֹת וַעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים׃ | So Solomon made all the equipment which was for the house of God, including the golden altar and the tables, on which the showbread is put, | || 1 Ki 7:48. |
| 2 Chr 4:20 | וְאֶת־הַמְּנֹר֞וֹת וְנֵרֹתֵיהֶ֗ם לְבַעֲרָ֧ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֛ט לִפְנֵ֥י הַדְּבִ֖יר זָהָ֥ב סָגֽוּר׃ | and the lampstands and their lamps, for them to burn in the prescribed way before the place of address, of seamless gold, | || 1 Ki 7:49. |
| 2 Chr 4:21 | וְהַפֶּ֧רַח וְהַנֵּר֛וֹת וְהַמֶּלְקַחַ֖יִם זָהָ֑ב ה֖וּא מִכְל֥וֹת זָהָֽב׃ | and the flowers and the lamps and the golden snuffing-tongs, immaculate in gold, |
|| 1 Ki 7:49.
flowers ← flower. See 1 Ki 7:49. immaculate ← perfections. |
| 2 Chr 4:22 | וְהַֽמְזַמְּר֧וֹת וְהַמִּזְרָק֛וֹת וְהַכַּפּ֥וֹת וְהַמַּחְתּ֖וֹת זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר וּפֶ֣תַח הַ֠בַּיִת דַּלְתוֹתָ֨יו הַפְּנִימִיּ֜וֹת לְקֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֗ים וְדַלְתֵ֥י הַבַּ֛יִת לַהֵיכָ֖ל זָהָֽב׃ | and the snuffers and the sprinkling basins and the ladles and the firepans – of seamless gold – and at the entrance to the house, its inner doors to the holy of holies, and the doors to the temple building – again of gold. |
|| 1 Ki 7:50.
building ← house. |
| 2 Chr 5:1 | וַתִּשְׁלַם֙ כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה ס וַיָּבֵ֨א שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֣י ׀ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֗יו וְאֶת־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים נָתַ֕ן בְּאֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And all the artisanry which Solomon made for the house of the Lord was completed, and Solomon brought the holy articles of David his father, and he put the silver and the gold and all the equipment in the treasuries of the house of God. | || 1 Ki 7:51. |
| 2 Chr 5:2 | אָז֩ יַקְהֵ֨יל שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְאֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הַמַּטּ֜וֹת נְשִׂיאֵ֧י הָאָב֛וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לְֽהַעֲל֞וֹת אֶת־אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה מֵעִ֥יר דָּוִ֖יד הִ֥יא צִיּֽוֹן׃ | Then Solomon convened the elders of Israel and all the heads of the tribes, the leaders of the paternal families of the sons of Israel, in Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the Lord from the City of David, which is Zion. |
|| 1 Ki 8:1.
paternal families ← fathers. |
| 2 Chr 5:3 | וַיִּקָּהֲל֧וּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ כָּל־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָ֑ג ה֖וּא הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | So every head man of Israel was convened to the king at the festival time – that is in the seventh month. |
|| 1 Ki 8:2.
the festival time: i.e. Tabernacles. |
| 2 Chr 5:4 | וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כֹּ֖ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הַלְוִיִּ֖ם אֶת־הָאָרֽוֹן׃ | So all the elders of Israel came, and the Levites carried the ark. | || 1 Ki 8:3. |
| 2 Chr 5:5 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ אֶת־הָאָרוֹן֙ וְאֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּאֹ֑הֶל הֶעֱל֣וּ אֹתָ֔ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And they brought the ark up, and the tent of contact, and all the holy equipment which was in the tent. And it was the Levite priests who brought it up. |
|| 1 Ki 8:4.
brought it up: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Chr 5:6 | וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה וְכָל־עֲדַ֧ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הַנּוֹעָדִ֥ים עָלָ֖יו לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֑וֹן מְזַבְּחִים֙ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִסָּפְר֛וּ וְלֹ֥א יִמָּנ֖וּ מֵרֹֽב׃ | Then King Solomon, and the whole congregation of Israel which was assembled with him before the ark, sacrificed sheep and oxen, which could not be numbered and could not be counted for abundance. |
|| 1 Ki 8:5.
sacrificed: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 5:7 | וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ הַ֠כֹּהֲנִים אֶת־אֲר֨וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֧ה אֶל־מְקוֹמ֛וֹ אֶל־דְּבִ֥יר הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הַקְּדָשִׁ֑ים אֶל־תַּ֖חַת כַּנְפֵ֥י הַכְּרוּבִֽים׃ | And the priests brought the ark of the covenant of the Lord to its place – to the place of address of the house, to the holy of holies – under the wings of the cherubim. |
|| 1 Ki 8:6.
under ← to under. |
| 2 Chr 5:8 | וַיִּהְי֤וּ הַכְּרוּבִים֙ פֹּרְשִׂ֣ים כְּנָפַ֔יִם עַל־מְק֖וֹם הָאָר֑וֹן וַיְכַסּ֧וּ הַכְּרוּבִ֛ים עַל־הָאָר֥וֹן וְעַל־בַּדָּ֖יו מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And the cherubim stretched out their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubim covered the ark and its staves from above. | || 1 Ki 8:7. |
| 2 Chr 5:9 | וַֽיַּאֲרִיכוּ֮ הַבַּדִּים֒ וַיֵּרָאוּ֩ רָאשֵׁ֨י הַבַּדִּ֤ים מִן־הָאָרוֹן֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַדְּבִ֔יר וְלֹ֥א יֵרָא֖וּ הַח֑וּצָה וַֽיְהִי־שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | And they extended the staves such that the ends of the staves of the ark were visible in front of the place of address, but they were not visible outside. And it has been there up to this day. |
|| 1 Ki 8:8.
such that: purposive use of the vav. ends ← heads. |
| 2 Chr 5:10 | אֵ֚ין בָּֽאָר֔וֹן רַ֚ק שְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּחֹרֵ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר כָּרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ עִם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ פ | There was nothing in the ark except the two tablets which Moses put in it at Horeb, when the Lord made a covenant with the sons of Israel when they came out of Egypt. |
|| 1 Ki 8:9.
Horeb: also known as Sinai. |
| 2 Chr 5:11 | וַיְהִ֕י בְּצֵ֥את הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים מִן־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ כִּ֠י כָּל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים הַֽנִּמְצְאִים֙ הִתְקַדָּ֔שׁוּ אֵ֖ין לִשְׁמ֥וֹר לְמַחְלְקֽוֹת׃ | Then it came to pass, when the priests came out of the sanctuary, that all the priests who were present had sanctified themselves. They were not on duty according to their divisions. |
|| 1 Ki 8:10.
present ← found. on duty ← to guard. |
| 2 Chr 5:12 | וְהַלְוִיִּ֣ם הַמְשֹׁרֲרִ֣ים לְכֻלָּ֡ם לְאָסָ֡ף לְהֵימָ֣ן לִֽ֠ידֻתוּן וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֨ם וְלַאֲחֵיהֶ֜ם מְלֻבָּשִׁ֣ים בּ֗וּץ בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ וּבִנְבָלִ֣ים וְכִנֹּר֔וֹת עֹמְדִ֖ים מִזְרָ֣ח לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְעִמָּהֶ֤ם כֹּֽהֲנִים֙ לְמֵאָ֣ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֔ים *מחצררים **מַחְצְרִ֖ים בַּחֲצֹֽצְרֽוֹת׃ | And the Levites who sang – all of Asaph's choirs, of Heman's, of Jeduthun's, and those of their sons and their brothers, clothed in byssus – with timbrels and lutes and harps, stood to the east of the altar, and with them were one hundred and twenty priests blowing trumpets. |
blowing: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning, trumpeting.
byssus: see 1 Chr 15:27. |
| 2 Chr 5:13 | וַיְהִ֣י כְ֠אֶחָד *למחצצרים **לַמְחַצְּרִ֨ים וְלַמְשֹֽׁרֲרִ֜ים לְהַשְׁמִ֣יעַ קוֹל־אֶחָ֗ד לְהַלֵּ֣ל וּלְהֹדוֹת֮ לַיהוָה֒ וּכְהָרִ֣ים ק֠וֹל בַּחֲצֹצְר֨וֹת וּבִמְצִלְתַּ֜יִם וּבִכְלֵ֣י הַשִּׁ֗יר וּבְהַלֵּ֤ל לַיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְהַבַּ֛יִת מָלֵ֥א עָנָ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass, as the trumpeters and the singers were in unison in producing a harmonious sound, in praising and giving thanks to the Lord, and in raising their voice with trumpets and timbrels and musical instruments and in praising the Lord that he is good, that his kindness is age-abiding, that the building – the house of the Lord – filled with a cloud. |
trumpeters: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
Rev 15:8. || 1 Ki 8:10. in producing ... in praising ... giving thanks ... in raising ... in praising: gerundial use of the infinitive. a harmonious sound ← one sound. |
| 2 Chr 5:14 | וְלֹא־יָֽכְל֧וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים לַעֲמ֥וֹד לְשָׁרֵ֖ת מִפְּנֵ֣י הֶעָנָ֑ן כִּֽי־מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ | And the priests could not stand to serve because of the cloud, because the glory of the Lord filled the house of God. | || 1 Ki 8:11. |
| 2 Chr 6:1 | אָ֖ז אָמַ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה יְהוָ֣ה אָמַ֔ר לִשְׁכּ֖וֹן בָּעֲרָפֶֽל׃ |
Then Solomon said,
“The Lord said that he would dwell In thick clouds. |
|| 1 Ki 8:12. |
| 2 Chr 6:2 | וַֽאֲנִ֛י בָּנִ֥יתִי בֵית־זְבֻ֖ל לָ֑ךְ וּמָכ֥וֹן לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֖ עוֹלָמִֽים׃ |
And I have built A dwelling place for you And an age-abiding abode For you to reside in.” |
|| 1 Ki 8:13.
place ← house. The change of grammatical person (he ... you) is not unusual (compare Ps 91). |
| 2 Chr 6:3 | וַיַּסֵּ֤ב הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־פָּנָ֔יו וַיְבָ֕רֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכָל־קְהַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עוֹמֵֽד׃ | Then the king turned round and blessed the whole convocation of Israel, and the whole convocation of Israel was standing |
|| 1 Ki 8:14.
turned round ← turned his face. |
| 2 Chr 6:4 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר בְּפִ֔יו אֵ֖ת דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑י וּבְיָדָ֥יו מִלֵּ֖א לֵאמֹֽר׃ | as he said, “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel who spoke by his own mouth with David my father, and who accomplished it, when he said, |
|| 1 Ki 8:15.
accomplished it ← fulfilled (it) by his hands. Compare 2 Chr 6:15. |
| 2 Chr 6:5 | מִן־הַיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצֵ֣אתִי אֶת־עַמִּי֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ לֹא־בָחַ֣רְתִּֽי בְעִ֗יר מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לִהְי֥וֹת שְׁמִ֖י שָׁ֑ם וְלֹא־בָחַ֣רְתִּֽי בְאִ֔ישׁ לִהְי֥וֹת נָגִ֖יד עַל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | ‘From the day when I brought my people out of the land of Egypt, I did not select a city from any of the tribes of Israel to build a house for my name to be there, and I did not choose a man to be a leader over my people Israel, |
|| 1 Ki 8:16.
any ← all. |
| 2 Chr 6:6 | וָאֶבְחַר֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִהְי֥וֹת שְׁמִ֖י שָׁ֑ם וָאֶבְחַ֣ר בְּדָוִ֔יד לִהְי֖וֹת עַל־עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | then I chose Jerusalem for my name to be there, and I chose David to be over my people Israel.’ | || 1 Ki 8:16. |
| 2 Chr 6:7 | וַיְהִ֕י עִם־לְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑י לִבְנ֣וֹת בַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And it was in the heart of David my father to build a house for the name of the Lord God of Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 8:17.
in the heart ← with the heart. |
| 2 Chr 6:8 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔י יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיָה֙ עִם־לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ לִבְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִ֑י הֱֽטִיב֔וֹתָ כִּ֥י הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבֶֽךָ׃ | But the Lord said to David my father, ‘Inasmuch as it was in your heart to build a house for my name, you did well, for it was in your heart. |
|| 1 Ki 8:18.
but: adversative use of the vav. in your heart (2x) ← with your heart. |
| 2 Chr 6:9 | רַ֣ק אַתָּ֔ה לֹ֥א תִבְנֶ֖ה הַבָּ֑יִת כִּ֤י בִנְךָ֙ הַיּוֹצֵ֣א מֵֽחֲלָצֶ֔יךָ הֽוּא־יִבְנֶ֥ה הַבַּ֖יִת לִשְׁמִֽי׃ | However, it is not you who will build the house, but it is your son who will come from your loins who will build the house for my name.’ | || 1 Ki 8:19. |
| 2 Chr 6:10 | וַיָּ֣קֶם יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־דְּבָר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר וָאָק֡וּם תַּחַת֩ דָּוִ֨יד אָבִ֜י וָאֵשֵׁ֣ב ׀ עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וָאֶבְנֶ֣ה הַבַּ֔יִת לְשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the Lord fulfilled his word which he had spoken, and I arose in the place of David my father, and I sat on the throne of Israel, as the Lord had said, and I built the house for the name of the Lord God of Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 8:20.
fulfilled ← set up. |
| 2 Chr 6:11 | וָאָשִׂ֥ים שָׁם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת עִם־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And I set up the ark there, where the covenant of the Lord is, which he made with the sons of Israel.” | || 1 Ki 8:21. |
| 2 Chr 6:12 | וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד לִפְנֵי֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּפְרֹ֖שׂ כַּפָּֽיו׃ | And he stood before the Lord's altar opposite the whole convocation of Israel, and he stretched out his hands. | || 1 Ki 8:22. |
| 2 Chr 6:13 | כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֨ה שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה כִּיּ֣וֹר נְחֹ֗שֶׁת וַֽיִּתְּנֵהוּ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעֲזָרָה֒ חָמֵ֨שׁ אַמּ֜וֹת אָרְכּ֗וֹ וְחָמֵ֤שׁ אַמּוֹת֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמּ֥וֹת שָׁל֖וֹשׁ קוֹמָת֑וֹ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד עָלָ֗יו וַיִּבְרַ֤ךְ עַל־בִּרְכָּיו֙ נֶ֚גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃ | For Solomon had made a copper laver, and he had put it in the enclosure, and its length was five cubits, and its width was five cubits, and its height was three cubits. And he stood on it and knelt down in the presence of the whole convocation of Israel, and he stretched out his hands towards heaven, |
|| 1 Ki 8:22.
in (first occurrence in verse): or in the middle of. cubit (3x): about 18 inches or 45 cm. knelt down ← knelt on his knees. |
| 2 Chr 6:14 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵין־כָּמ֣וֹךָ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לַעֲבָדֶ֕יךָ הַהֹלְכִ֥ים לְפָנֶ֖יךָ בְּכָל־לִבָּֽם׃ | and he said, “O Lord God of Israel, there is no God like you in heaven or on the earth – you who keep the covenant and kindness with your servants who walk before you with all their heart – | || 1 Ki 8:23. |
| 2 Chr 6:15 | אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֙ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ ל֑וֹ וַתְּדַבֵּ֥ר בְּפִ֛יךָ וּבְיָדְךָ֥ מִלֵּ֖אתָ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | in that what you said to your servant – David my father – you kept for him, for you spoke with your mouth, and you have accomplished it, as it is today. |
|| 1 Ki 8:24.
said to your servant ... kept for him ← kept for your servant ... said to him. accomplished it ← fulfilled (it) by your hand. Compare 2 Chr 6:4. |
| 2 Chr 6:16 | וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁ֠מֹר לְעַבְדְּךָ֨ דָוִ֤יד אָבִי֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבַּ֤רְתָּ לּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹא־יִכָּרֵ֨ת לְךָ֥ אִישׁ֙ מִלְּפָנַ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֠ק אִם־יִשְׁמְר֨וּ בָנֶ֜יךָ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֗ם לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹרָתִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְפָנָֽי׃ | So now, O Lord God of Israel, keep for your servant David my father what you said to him when you said, ‘No-one of your line sitting on the throne of Israel will be cut off before me, provided your sons keep their way by walking in my law, as you have walked before me.’ |
|| 1 Ki 8:25.
by walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 6:17 | וְעַתָּ֕ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יֵֽאָמֵן֙ דְּבָ֣רְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ֥ לְדָוִֽיד׃ | And now, O Lord God of Israel, may your word which you spoke to your servant – to David – be upheld. | || 1 Ki 8:26. |
| 2 Chr 6:18 | כִּ֚י הַֽאֻמְנָ֔ם יֵשֵׁ֧ב אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָדָ֖ם עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הִ֠נֵּה שָׁמַ֜יִם וּשְׁמֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א יְכַלְכְּל֔וּךָ אַ֕ף כִּֽי־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנִֽיתִי׃ | For will God truly dwell with man on earth? Behold, heavens and the heaven of heavens cannot contain you, so how much less this house which I have built. | || 1 Ki 8:27. |
| 2 Chr 6:19 | וּפָנִ֜יתָ אֶל־תְּפִלַּ֧ת עַבְדְּךָ֛ וְאֶל־תְּחִנָּת֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י לִשְׁמֹ֤עַ אֶל־הָרִנָּה֙ וְאֶל־הַתְּפִלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַבְדְּךָ֖ מִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | But you have considered the prayer of your servant and his supplication, O Lord my God, in hearing the shout and the prayer which your servant is praying before you, |
|| 1 Ki 8:28.
considered ← turned to. in hearing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 6:20 | לִהְיוֹת֩ עֵינֶ֨יךָ פְתֻח֜וֹת אֶל־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אֶל־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתָּ לָשׂ֥וּם שִׁמְךָ֖ שָׁ֑ם לִשְׁמ֙וֹעַ֙ אֶל־הַתְּפִלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | that your eyes may be open by day and night to this house – to the place of which you said to set up your name there – so as to hear the prayer which your servant will pray facing this place. |
|| 1 Ki 8:29.
facing this place ← to, towards this place. Compare Dan 6:11 (Dan 6:10AV). |
| 2 Chr 6:21 | וְשָׁ֨מַעְתָּ֜ אֶל־תַּחֲנוּנֵ֤י עַבְדְּךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽתְפַּֽלְל֖וּ אֶל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְ֠אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַ֞ע מִמְּק֤וֹם שִׁבְתְּךָ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ וְסָלָֽחְתָּ׃ | And do hear the supplications of your servant and your people Israel, who will pray facing this place, and do hear from the place where you are seated – from the heavens – so do hear and forgive. |
|| 1 Ki 8:30.
facing this place: see 2 Chr 6:20. |
| 2 Chr 6:22 | אִם־יֶחֱטָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְנָֽשָׁא־ב֥וֹ אָלָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ וּבָ֗א אָלָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | If a man sins against his neighbour, and an oath is imposed on him, so as to adjure him, and the oath comes before your altar in this house, |
|| 1 Ki 8:31.
is imposed ← he bears. |
| 2 Chr 6:23 | וְאַתָּ֣ה ׀ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְעָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ וְשָׁפַטְתָּ֣ אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְהָשִׁ֣יב לְרָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכּ֖וֹ בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ כְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃ ס | then hear from heaven and take action, and judge your servants in requiting the wicked, in bringing his way back on his head, and in justifying the righteous, in rewarding him according to his righteousness. |
|| 1 Ki 8:32.
in bringing ... in justifying ... in rewarding: gerundial use of the infinitive. in rewarding ← in giving. |
| 2 Chr 6:24 | וְֽאִם־יִנָּגֵ֞ף עַמְּךָ֧ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיֵ֖ב כִּ֣י יֶֽחֶטְאוּ־לָ֑ךְ וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ וְהוֹד֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וְהִתְפַּֽלְל֧וּ וְהִֽתְחַנְּנ֛וּ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | And if your people Israel are struck down in confrontation with an enemy because they have sinned against you, and they repent and confess your name, and they pray and make supplications before you in this house, |
|| 1 Ki 8:33.
in confrontation with ← before. repent ← return. make supplications: or plead for grace. |
| 2 Chr 6:25 | וְאַתָּה֙ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְסָ֣לַחְתָּ֔ לְחַטַּ֖את עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | then do hear from heaven and forgive the sin of your people Israel, and bring them back to the land which you gave to them and to their fathers. |
|| 1 Ki 8:34.
land ← ground. |
| 2 Chr 6:26 | בְּהֵעָצֵ֧ר הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מָטָ֖ר כִּ֣י יֶֽחֶטְאוּ־לָ֑ךְ וְהִֽתְפַּלְל֞וּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וְהוֹד֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ מֵחַטָּאתָ֥ם יְשׁוּב֖וּן כִּ֥י תַעֲנֵֽם׃ | When the heavens are shut, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against you, then they will pray facing this place, and they will confess your name, and they will turn back from their sin when you oppress them. |
|| 1 Ki 8:35.
heavens: or sky. facing this place: see 2 Chr 6:20. |
| 2 Chr 6:27 | וְאַתָּ֣ה ׀ תִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְסָ֨לַחְתָּ֜ לְחַטַּ֤את עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י תוֹרֵ֛ם אֶל־הַדֶּ֥רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה מָטָר֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תָּה לְעַמְּךָ֖ לְנַחֲלָֽה׃ ס | And do hear in heaven, and do forgive the sin of your servants and your people Israel, then do teach them the right way in which they should walk, and do give rain on your land which you have given to your people as an inheritance. |
|| 1 Ki 8:36.
right ← good. |
| 2 Chr 6:28 | רָעָ֞ב כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֗רֶץ דֶּ֣בֶר כִּֽי־יִֽ֠הְיֶה שִׁדָּפ֨וֹן וְיֵרָק֜וֹן אַרְבֶּ֤ה וְחָסִיל֙ כִּ֣י יִהְיֶ֔ה כִּ֧י יָֽצַר־ל֛וֹ אוֹיְבָ֖יו בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שְׁעָרָ֑יו כָּל־נֶ֖גַע וְכָֽל־מַחֲלָֽה׃ | If there is a famine in the land, if there is a pestilence, if there is a blight or mildew, swarming locusts or consuming locusts, if their enemy besieges them in the land at their gates, if there is any affliction or any sickness, |
|| 1 Ki 8:37.
besieges: or distresses, from roots צור and צרר respectively. their ... them ... their ← it... it ... its. Collective use of the people. any (2x) ← every. |
| 2 Chr 6:29 | כָּל־תְּפִלָּ֣ה כָל־תְּחִנָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִהְיֶה֙ לְכָל־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם וּלְכֹ֖ל עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵדְע֗וּ אִ֤ישׁ נִגְעוֹ֙ וּמַכְאֹב֔וֹ וּפָרַ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו אֶל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | then for every prayer and every supplication which any man, or the whole of your people Israel may have – because each man will know the reason for his affliction and his grief – he will stretch out his hands towards this house. |
|| 1 Ki 8:38.
any ← every. |
| 2 Chr 6:30 | וְ֠אַתָּה תִּשְׁמַ֨ע מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם מְכ֤וֹן שִׁבְתֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְסָ֣לַחְתָּ֔ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה לָאִישׁ֙ כְּכָל־דְּרָכָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּדַ֖ע אֶת־לְבָב֑וֹ כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ לְבַדְּךָ֣ יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֶת־לְבַ֖ב בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ | Then do hear from heaven, the abode where you reside, and do forgive, and repay each man according to all his ways, whose heart you know, for you alone know the heart of the sons of Adam, |
|| 1 Ki 8:39.
repay ← give. you ... know: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 6:31 | לְמַ֣עַן יִֽירָא֗וּךָ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בִּדְרָכֶ֔יךָ כָּל־הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥ם חַיִּ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּה לַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃ ס | so that they may fear you in walking in your ways, for all the days that they live on the surface of the land which you have given to our fathers. |
|| 1 Ki 8:40.
in walking: gerundial use of the infinitive. land ← ground. |
| 2 Chr 6:32 | וְגַ֣ם אֶל־הַנָּכְרִ֗י אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֥א מֵעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ הוּא֒ וּבָ֣א ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֗ה לְמַ֨עַן שִׁמְךָ֤ הַגָּדוֹל֙ וְיָדְךָ֣ הַחֲזָקָ֔ה וּֽזְרֽוֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָ֑ה וּבָ֥אוּ וְהִֽתְפַּלְל֖וּ אֶל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | And also concerning the foreigner who is not of your people Israel, but who has come from a distant land for the sake of your great name and your strong hand and your outstretched arm, when they come and pray facing this house, |
|| 1 Ki 8:41, 1 Ki 8:42.
facing this house: see 2 Chr 6:20. |
| 2 Chr 6:33 | וְאַתָּ֞ה תִּשְׁמַ֤ע מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִמְּכ֣וֹן שִׁבְתֶּ֔ךָ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֥א אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַנָּכְרִ֑י לְמַ֣עַן יֵדְעוּ֩ כָל־עַמֵּ֨י הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֗ךָ וּלְיִרְאָ֤ה אֹֽתְךָ֙ כְּעַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָדַ֕עַת כִּֽי־שִׁמְךָ֣ נִקְרָ֔א עַל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנִֽיתִי׃ | then do hear from heaven, the abode where you reside, and act according to everything that the foreigner calls on you about, so that all the various peoples of the earth may know your name, and know to fear you, as your people Israel does, and to know that your name is called on at this house which I have built. |
|| 1 Ki 8:42, 1 Ki 8:43.
at this house ← on / over this house. |
| 2 Chr 6:34 | כִּֽי־יֵצֵ֨א עַמְּךָ֤ לַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עַל־א֣וֹיְבָ֔יו בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁלָחֵ֑ם וְהִתְפַּֽלְל֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֣רְתָּ בָּ֔הּ וְהַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִ֥יתִי לִשְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | When your people go out to war against their enemies by the way which you send them, they will pray to you in the direction of this city which you have chosen, and of the house which I have built for your name. |
|| 1 Ki 8:44.
in the direction ← in the way. Compare Deut 28:7 and see 2 Chr 6:32. |
| 2 Chr 6:35 | וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָ֖ם וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּתָ֑ם וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ מִשְׁפָּטָֽם׃ | And do hear from heaven their prayer and their supplication, and do execute judgment for them. |
|| 1 Ki 8:45.
for them ← of them. |
| 2 Chr 6:36 | כִּ֣י יֶחֶטְאוּ־לָ֗ךְ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֶחֱטָ֔א וְאָנַפְתָּ֣ בָ֔ם וּנְתַתָּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וְשָׁב֧וּם שׁוֹבֵיהֶ֛ם אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ רְחוֹקָ֖ה א֥וֹ קְרוֹבָֽה׃ | When they sin against you – for there is no man who does not sin – and you are angry with them, and you deliver them to the enemy, and their captors take them captive to a land, be it far or near, |
|| 1 Ki 8:46.
when: the balancing clause is in verse 39. deliver them to ← give them before. |
| 2 Chr 6:37 | וְהֵשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶל־לְבָבָ֔ם בָּאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבּוּ־שָׁ֑ם וְשָׁ֣בוּ ׀ וְהִֽתְחַנְּנ֣וּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ שִׁבְיָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חָטָ֥אנוּ הֶעֱוִ֖ינוּ וְרָשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ | then when they have a change of heart in the land in which they have been taken captive, and repent, and they make supplication to you in the land of their captivity, and they say, ‘We have sinned and committed iniquity and behaved wickedly’, |
|| 1 Ki 8:47.
have a change of heart ← turn in their heart back. repent ← return. |
| 2 Chr 6:38 | וְשָׁ֣בוּ אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּכָל־לִבָּם֙ וּבְכָל־נַפְשָׁ֔ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁבְיָ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־שָׁב֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם וְהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֗וּ דֶּ֤רֶךְ אַרְצָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תָּה לַאֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְהָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחַ֔רְתָּ וְלַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִ֥יתִי לִשְׁמֶֽךָ׃ | and they return to you with all their heart and with all their soul, in the land of their captivity where they have taken them captive, and they pray in the direction of their land which you gave their fathers, and the city which you have chosen, and towards the house which I have built for your name, |
|| 1 Ki 8:48.
in the direction ← in the way. See 2 Chr 6:34. |
| 2 Chr 6:39 | וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֨ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם מִמְּכ֣וֹן שִׁבְתְּךָ֗ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָם֙ וְאֶת־תְּחִנֹּ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ מִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם וְסָלַחְתָּ֥ לְעַמְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָֽטְאוּ־לָֽךְ׃ | then do hear from heaven – from the abode where you reside – their prayer and their supplications, and do execute judgment for them, and do forgive your people who sinned against you. |
|| 1 Ki 8:49, 1 Ki 8:50.
judgment for them ← their judgment. |
| 2 Chr 6:40 | עַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֗י יִֽהְיוּ־נָ֤א עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ פְּתֻח֔וֹת וְאָזְנֶ֖יךָ קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לִתְפִלַּ֖ת הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | Now, O God of mine, may your eyes be open and your ears be attentive to the prayer of this place. | || 1 Ki 8:52. |
| 2 Chr 6:41 | וְעַתָּ֗ה קוּמָ֞ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְֽנוּחֶ֔ךָ אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲר֣וֹן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ כֹּהֲנֶ֜יךָ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ יִלְבְּשׁ֣וּ תְשׁוּעָ֔ה וַחֲסִידֶ֖יךָ יִשְׂמְח֥וּ בַטּֽוֹב׃ |
So now, O Lord God, Arise to your resting place – You and the ark of your strength. Let your priests, O Lord God, Be clothed with salvation, So that those of yours under your grace May rejoice in goodness. |
|
| 2 Chr 6:42 | יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים אַל־תָּשֵׁ֖ב פְּנֵ֣י מְשִׁיחֶ֑יךָ זָכְרָ֕ה לְחַֽסְדֵ֖י דָּוִ֥יד עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ פ |
O Lord God, Do not turn the face of your anointed away; Remember the acts of kindness Shown to David your servant.” |
anointed: plural in [WLC]; AV differs, capitalizing (Thine Anointed), and [CB] translates Thy Messiah. Singular in many manuscripts [BHS-CA], LXX, Vulgate, and Ps 132:10. |
| 2 Chr 7:1 | וּכְכַלּ֤וֹת שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל וְהָאֵ֗שׁ יָֽרְדָה֙ מֵֽהַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַזְּבָחִ֑ים וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה מָלֵ֥א אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And when Solomon had finished praying, a fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the house. |
|| 1 Ki 8:54.
a fire ← the fire. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Chr 7:2 | וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים לָב֖וֹא אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the priests could not enter the house of the Lord, because the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 7:3 | וְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל רֹאִים֙ בְּרֶ֣דֶת הָאֵ֔שׁ וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וַיִּכְרְעוּ֩ אַפַּ֨יִם אַ֤רְצָה עַל־הָרִֽצְפָה֙ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּֽחֲו֔וּ וְהוֹד֤וֹת לַיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
And all the sons of Israel saw when the fire came down and the glory of the Lord was over the house, and they bowed face down to the ground on the pavement, and they worshipped and gave thanks to the Lord, saying,
“For he is good, For his kindness is age-abiding.” |
gave thanks: infinitive absolute, with [Ges-HG] §76f, (though infinitive construct in form) in the role of a finite verb. |
| 2 Chr 7:4 | וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֑ם זֹבְחִ֥ים זֶ֖בַח לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And the king and all the people offered a sacrifice before the Lord. |
|| 1 Ki 8:62.
offered ← (were) sacrificing. In an example of a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 7:5 | וַיִּזְבַּ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֮ אֶת־זֶ֣בַח הַבָּקָ֗ר עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וְצֹ֕אן מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וַֽיַּחְנְכוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָֽם׃ | And King Solomon offered a sacrifice of twenty-two thousand oxen and one hundred and twenty thousand sheep. And the king and all the people dedicated the house of God. |
|| 1 Ki 8:63.
offered ← sacrificed. dedicated: in a Hebrew “VOS” (verb-object-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Chr 7:6 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים עַל־מִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֣ם עֹמְדִ֗ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם בִּכְלֵי־שִׁ֤יר יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לְהֹד֤וֹת לַיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּ֔וֹ בְּהַלֵּ֥ל דָּוִ֖יד בְּיָדָ֑ם וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ *מחצצרים **מַחְצְרִ֣ים נֶגְדָּ֔ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹמְדִֽים׃ ס | And the priests were standing at their guard posts, and the Levites were standing with instruments of music to the Lord which King David had made, to give thanks to the Lord, for his kindness is age-abiding, when David gave praise by means of them, and the priests blew trumpets before them, and all Israel stood. |
blew trumpets: ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
by means of them ← by their hand. |
| 2 Chr 7:7 | וַיְקַדֵּ֣שׁ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אֶת־תּ֤וֹךְ הֶֽחָצֵר֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָ֤שָׂה שָׁם֙ הָֽעֹל֔וֹת וְאֵ֖ת חֶלְבֵ֣י הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים כִּֽי־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֣ה שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה לֹ֣א יָכ֗וֹל לְהָכִ֛יל אֶת־הָעֹלָ֥ה וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַחֲלָבִֽים׃ | And Solomon sanctified the inside of the court which was in front of the house of the Lord, for it is there that he made the burnt offerings and offered the fat of the peace-offerings, because the copper altar which Solomon had made could not hold the burnt offering and the meal-offering and the fat-offerings. |
|| 1 Ki 8:64.
inside: or middle. fat ← fats. |
| 2 Chr 7:8 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה אֶת־הֶ֠חָג בָּעֵ֨ת הַהִ֜יא שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ קָהָ֖ל גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֑ד מִלְּב֥וֹא חֲמָ֖ת עַד־נַ֥חַל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And Solomon celebrated the festival at that time for seven days, as did all Israel with him – a very large convocation from the approach to Hamath to the Brook of Egypt. |
|| 1 Ki 8:65.
celebrated ← made. the approach to Hamath: see1 Ki 8:65. Brook of Egypt: see Num 34:5. |
| 2 Chr 7:9 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י עֲצָ֑רֶת כִּ֣י ׀ חֲנֻכַּ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ עָשׂוּ֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וְהֶחָ֖ג שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | And on the eighth day he held a solemn assembly, for they had conducted the dedication of the altar for seven days, and the festival had been for seven days. |
|| 1 Ki 8:65.
held ... conducted ← made ... made. |
| 2 Chr 7:10 | וּבְי֨וֹם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם שְׂמֵחִים֙ וְט֣וֹבֵי לֵ֔ב עַל־הַטּוֹבָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְדָוִ֣יד וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּֽוֹ׃ | And on the twenty-third day of the seventh month, he sent the people to their tents, happy and in good spirits because of the good which the Lord had done to David and to Solomon and to Israel his people. |
|| 1 Ki 8:66.
in good spirits ← (in) good (things) of heart. |
| 2 Chr 7:11 | וַיְכַ֧ל שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הַבָּ֜א עַל־לֵ֣ב שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֧וֹת בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֛ה וּבְבֵית֖וֹ הִצְלִֽיחַ׃ פ | So Solomon completed the house of the Lord and the king's house, and he was successful with everything that came into Solomon's heart to do in the house of the Lord and in his own house. | || 1 Ki 9:1. |
| 2 Chr 7:12 | וַיֵּרָ֧א יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בַּלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָ וּבָחַ֜רְתִּי בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה לִ֖י לְבֵ֥ית זָֽבַח׃ | And the Lord appeared to Solomon in the night, and he said to him, “I have heard your prayer, and I have chosen this place for myself to be a house of sacrifice. | || 1 Ki 9:2, 1 Ki 9:3. |
| 2 Chr 7:13 | הֵ֣ן אֶֽעֱצֹ֤ר הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר וְהֵן־אֲצַוֶּ֥ה עַל־חָגָ֖ב לֶאֱכ֣וֹל הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאִם־אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח דֶּ֖בֶר בְּעַמִּֽי׃ | If I shut heaven so that there is no rain, or if I command the grasshopper to consume the land, or if I send a pestilence on my people, | heaven: or the sky. |
| 2 Chr 7:14 | וְיִכָּנְע֨וּ עַמִּ֜י אֲשֶׁ֧ר נִֽקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם וְיִֽתְפַּֽלְלוּ֙ וִֽיבַקְשׁ֣וּ פָנַ֔י וְיָשֻׁ֖בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיהֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֑ים וַאֲנִי֙ אֶשְׁמַ֣ע מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְאֶסְלַח֙ לְחַטָּאתָ֔ם וְאֶרְפָּ֖א אֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃ | and my people on whom my name is called humble themselves, and they pray, and they seek my face, and they turn back from their evil ways, then I will hear from heaven, and I will forgive their sin, and I will heal their land. | then: apodotic (answering the if clause) use of the vav. Similarly in 2 Chr 7:18, 2 Chr 7:20, and frequently throughout the Hebrew Bible. |
| 2 Chr 7:15 | עַתָּ֗ה עֵינַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ פְתֻח֔וֹת וְאָזְנַ֖י קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לִתְפִלַּ֖ת הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | Now my eyes will be open and my ears attentive to a prayer from this place. | prayer from ← prayer of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Chr 7:16 | וְעַתָּ֗ה בָּחַ֤רְתִּי וְהִקְדַּ֙שְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּ֔ה לִהְיוֹת־שְׁמִ֥י שָׁ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְהָי֨וּ עֵינַ֧י וְלִבִּ֛י שָׁ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And now I have chosen and I have sanctified this house for my name to be there age-abidingly, and my eyes and my heart will be there continually. |
|| 1 Ki 9:3.
continually ← all the days. |
| 2 Chr 7:17 | וְאַתָּ֞ה אִם־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנַ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלַךְ֙ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔יךָ וְלַעֲשׂ֕וֹת כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֑יךָ וְחֻקַּ֥י וּמִשְׁפָּטַ֖י תִּשְׁמֽוֹר׃ | And as for you, if you walk before me as David your father walked, in doing everything that I have commanded you, and if you keep my statutes and my regulations, |
|| 1 Ki 9:4.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Chr 7:18 | וַהֲקִ֣ימוֹתִ֔י אֵ֖ת כִּסֵּ֣א מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֗תִּי לְדָוִ֤יד אָבִ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֤ת לְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | then I will establish the throne of your kingdom, as I covenanted with David your father when I said, ‘No man of your line ruling in Israel will be cut off.’ |
|| 1 Ki 9:5.
covenanted ← cut, a word associated with covenant. |
| 2 Chr 7:19 | וְאִם־תְּשׁוּב֣וּן אַתֶּ֔ם וַעֲזַבְתֶּם֙ חֻקּוֹתַ֣י וּמִצְוֺתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃ | But if you turn away and abandon my statutes and my commandments which I have set before you, and you go your way and serve other gods and worship them, |
|| 1 Ki 9:6.
you (3x): plural. set ← given, but also put. |
| 2 Chr 7:20 | וּנְתַשְׁתִּ֗ים מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי לִשְׁמִ֔י אַשְׁלִ֖יךְ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑י וְאֶתְּנֶ֛נּוּ לְמָשָׁ֥ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֖ה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּֽים׃ | then I will pluck them up from my land which I have given them, and I will cast this house which I have sanctified for my name out of my sight, and I will make it the subject of taunting and jeering among all the nations. |
|| 1 Ki 9:7.
them (first occurrence in verse): a change of grammatical person, which is not unusual (compare Ps 91). sight ← face. make ← give, but also appoint. |
| 2 Chr 7:21 | וְהַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה עֶלְי֔וֹן לְכָל־עֹבֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו יִשֹּׁ֑ם וְאָמַ֗ר בַּמֶּ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְלַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃ | And this house which will have been exalted, will be a cause of astonishment to everyone passing by it, and a man will say, ‘Why has the Lord done this to this land and to this house?’ |
|| 1 Ki 9:8.
done this ← done thus. |
| 2 Chr 7:22 | וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָֽזְב֜וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצִיאָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַֽיַּחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ בֵּאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם עַל־כֵּן֙ הֵבִ֣יא עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ | And they will say, ‘Because they forsook the Lord God of their fathers who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and they adhered to other gods and worshipped them and served them – that is why he has brought all this trouble on them.’ ” |
|| 1 Ki 9:9.
trouble: or evil. |
| 2 Chr 8:1 | וַיְהִ֞י מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֧ה שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ | And it came to pass after twenty years, when Solomon had built the house of the Lord and his own house, |
|| 1 Ki 9:10.
after ← at the end of. |
| 2 Chr 8:2 | וְהֶעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן חוּרָם֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה בָּנָ֥ה שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אֹתָ֑ם וַיּ֥וֹשֶׁב שָׁ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | and Solomon had built up the cities which Huram had given to Solomon, and he had settled the sons of Israel there, | |
| 2 Chr 8:3 | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ חֲמָ֣ת צוֹבָ֔ה וַיֶּחֱזַ֖ק עָלֶֽיהָ׃ | that Solomon went to Hamath-Zobah and overpowered it, | |
| 2 Chr 8:4 | וַיִּ֥בֶן אֶת־תַּדְמֹ֖ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַֽמִּסְכְּנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בַּחֲמָֽת׃ | and he built Tadmor in the desert, and all the storehouse cities which he built in Hamath. | |
| 2 Chr 8:5 | וַיִּ֜בֶן אֶת־בֵּ֤ית חוֹרוֹן֙ הָֽעֶלְי֔וֹן וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית חוֹר֖וֹן הַתַּחְתּ֑וֹן עָרֵ֣י מָצ֔וֹר חוֹמ֖וֹת דְּלָתַ֥יִם וּבְרִֽיחַ׃ | And he built Upper Beth-Horon, and Lower Beth-Horon – cities with fortifications, walls, doors and bolts – |
|| 1 Ki 9:17.
cities with ← cities of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Chr 8:6 | וְאֶֽת־בַּעֲלָ֗ת וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־עָרֵ֤י הַֽמִּסְכְּנוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וְאֵ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַפָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־חֵ֣שֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָשַׁק֙ לִבְנ֤וֹת בִּירֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּבַלְּבָנ֔וֹן וּבְכֹ֖ל אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ | and Baalath and all the storehouse cities which Solomon had, and all the cities with chariot fleets, and the cities with horsemen, and all the ambitions of Solomon which he aspired to build in Jerusalem and in Lebanon and in all the land under his rule. |
|| 1 Ki 9:18, 1 Ki 9:19.
cities with chariot fleets ... cities with horsemen ... land under his rule ← cities of chariot (fleets) ... cities of horsemen ... land of his rule. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Chr 8:7 | כָּל־הָ֠עָם הַנּוֹתָ֨ר מִן־הַחִתִּ֜י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֤י וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְהַחִוִּ֣י וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽמָּה׃ | On all the people who remained from the Hittites and the Amorites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were not of Israel |
|| 1 Ki 9:20.
on: the word comes from the next verse. Amorites: see Gen 10:16. |
| 2 Chr 8:8 | מִן־בְּנֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נוֹתְר֤וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־כִלּ֖וּם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲלֵ֤ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַ֔ס עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ | – those of their sons who remained after them in the land, whom the sons of Israel did not exterminate – Solomon imposed tribute tax, which is in force up to this day. | || 1 Ki 9:21. |
| 2 Chr 8:9 | וּמִן־בְּנֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־נָתַ֧ן שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה לַעֲבָדִ֖ים לִמְלַאכְתּ֑וֹ כִּי־הֵ֜מָּה אַנְשֵׁ֤י מִלְחָמָה֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י שָׁלִישָׁ֔יו וְשָׂרֵ֥י רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָֽׁיו׃ פ | But Solomon did not make any of the sons of Israel bondmen for his work, because they were warriors and commanders of his officers, and commanders of his charioteers and his horsemen. |
|| 1 Ki 9:22.
any: perhaps supply some here. officers ← his men of the third rank. |
| 2 Chr 8:10 | וְאֵ֨לֶּה שָׂרֵ֤י *הנציבים **הַנִּצָּבִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם הָרֹדִ֖ים בָּעָֽם׃ | And these were the senior officials of {K: King Solomon's overseers} [Q: those appointed whom King Solomon had]: two hundred and fifty who ruled over the people. | || 1 Ki 9:23. |
| 2 Chr 8:11 | וְאֶת־בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה הֶעֱלָ֤ה שְׁלֹמֹה֙ מֵעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔יד לַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽנָה־לָ֑הּ כִּ֣י אָמַ֗ר לֹא־תֵשֵׁ֨ב אִשָּׁ֥ה לִי֙ בְּבֵית֙ דָּוִ֣יד מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֔מָּה אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽאָ֥ה אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ פ | And Solomon brought Pharaoh's daughter up from the City of David to the house which he had built for her, for he had said, “No wife of mine will live in any house of David king of Israel, because they are holy, where the ark of the Lord has come.” | || 1 Ki 9:24. |
| 2 Chr 8:12 | אָ֣ז הֶעֱלָ֧ה שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה עֹל֖וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה עַ֚ל מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאוּלָֽם׃ | And Solomon offered burnt offerings to the Lord on the altar of the Lord which he had built in front of the portico, | || 1 Ki 9:25. |
| 2 Chr 8:13 | וּבִדְבַר־י֣וֹם בְּי֗וֹם לְהַעֲלוֹת֙ כְּמִצְוַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת֙ וְלֶ֣חֳדָשִׁ֔ים וְלַמּ֣וֹעֲד֔וֹת שָׁל֥וֹשׁ פְּעָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה בְּחַ֧ג הַמַּצּ֛וֹת וּבְחַ֥ג הַשָּׁבֻע֖וֹת וּבְחַ֥ג הַסֻּכּֽוֹת׃ | and in the duty of the day on its day, to offer according to the commandment of Moses, for there to be Sabbaths and observance of new moons, and festival days three times in the year, at the Festival of the Unleavened Bread and at the Festival of Weeks and at the Festival of Tabernacles. |
|| 1 Ki 9:25.
duty ← thing, matter. new moons: or months. |
| 2 Chr 8:14 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֣ד כְּמִשְׁפַּ֣ט דָּֽוִיד־אָ֠בִיו אֶת־מַחְלְק֨וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים עַל־עֲבֹדָתָ֗ם וְהַלְוִיִּ֣ם עַל־מִ֠שְׁמְרוֹתָם לְהַלֵּ֨ל וּלְשָׁרֵ֜ת נֶ֤גֶד הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ לִדְבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ וְהַשּׁוֹעֲרִ֥ים בְּמַחְלְקוֹתָ֖ם לְשַׁ֣עַר וָשָׁ֑עַר כִּ֣י כֵ֔ן מִצְוַ֖ת דָּוִ֥יד אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And he set up, according to the prescribed way of David his father, the divisions of the priests by their work, and the Levites by their duties of observance to praise and to serve before the priests as the duty of the day on its day, and the gatekeepers in their divisions, for each individual gate, for such was the commandment of David, the man of God. |
duty ← thing, matter.
each individual gate ← gate and gate. |
| 2 Chr 8:15 | וְלֹ֣א סָרוּ֩ מִצְוַ֨ת הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ עַל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֛ם לְכָל־דָּבָ֖ר וְלָאֹצָרֽוֹת׃ | And they did not turn away from the king's commandment concerning the priests and the Levites in any matter or in relation to the treasuries. | any ← every. |
| 2 Chr 8:16 | וַתִּכֹּן֙ כָּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה עַד־הַיּ֛וֹם מוּסַ֥ד בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְעַד־כְּלֹת֑וֹ שָׁלֵ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And all Solomon's work was prepared for the day of laying the foundations of the house of the Lord up to it being finished – the complete house of the Lord. | || 1 Ki 9:25. |
| 2 Chr 8:17 | אָז֩ הָלַ֨ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה לְעֶצְיֽוֹן־גֶּ֧בֶר וְאֶל־אֵיל֛וֹת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם׃ | Then Solomon went to Ezion-Geber and to Eloth on the sea coast in the land of Edom. |
|| 1 Ki 9:26.
Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. Eloth: equated with Elath in [LHG]. See 2 Ki 16:6 where in Hebrew both forms occur. |
| 2 Chr 8:18 | וַיִּֽשְׁלַֽח־לוֹ֩ חוּרָ֨ם בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֜יו *אוניות **אֳנִיּ֗וֹת וַעֲבָדִים֮ י֣וֹדְעֵי יָם֒ וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עִם־עַבְדֵ֤י שְׁלֹמֹה֙ אוֹפִ֔ירָה וַיִּקְח֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים כִּכַּ֣ר זָהָ֑ב וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ אֶל־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ פ | And through the agency of his servants, Huram sent him ships and servants, who knew the sea, and they went with Solomon's servants to Ophir, and they took from there four hundred and fifty talents of gold, and they brought it to King Solomon. |
ships: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
|| 1 Ki 9:27, 1 Ki 9:28. agency ← hand. talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 9:1 | וּמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֗א שָֽׁמְעָה֮ אֶת־שֵׁ֣מַע שְׁלֹמֹה֒ וַתָּב֣וֹא לְנַסּוֹת֩ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה בְחִיד֜וֹת בִּירֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם בְּחַ֣יִל כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֡ד וּ֠גְמַלִּים נֹשְׂאִ֨ים בְּשָׂמִ֧ים וְזָהָ֛ב לָרֹ֖ב וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה וַתָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבָֽהּ׃ | And when the queen of Sheba heard the report of Solomon, she came to test Solomon with riddles in Jerusalem, and she came with a very large retinue, with camels bearing fragrances and gold in abundance, and precious stones. And she came to Solomon and spoke with him about everything that was on her heart. |
|| 1 Ki 10:1, 1 Ki 10:2.
large ← heavy; weighty. retinue ← host, army, force. stones ← stone. on her heart ← with her heart. |
| 2 Chr 9:2 | וַיַּגֶּד־לָ֥הּ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרֶ֑יהָ וְלֹֽא־נֶעְלַ֤ם דָּבָר֙ מִשְּׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א הִגִּ֖יד לָֽהּ׃ | And Solomon answered all her points raised and nothing was inexplicable to Solomon, which he could not tell her. |
|| 1 Ki 10:3.
answered all her points raised ← told her all her things. inexplicable to ← hidden from. |
| 2 Chr 9:3 | וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֔א אֵ֖ת חָכְמַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וְהַבַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָֽה׃ | So the queen of Sheba saw Solomon's wisdom, and the house which he had built, | || 1 Ki 10:4. |
| 2 Chr 9:4 | וּמַאֲכַ֣ל שֻׁלְחָנ֡וֹ וּמוֹשַׁ֣ב עֲבָדָיו֩ וּמַעֲמַ֨ד מְשָׁרְתָ֜יו וּמַלְבּֽוּשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וּמַשְׁקָיו֙ וּמַלְבּ֣וּשֵׁיהֶ֔ם וַעֲלִיָּת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ע֛וֹד בָּ֖הּ רֽוּחַ׃ | and the food at his table, and the seated assembly of his servants, and the standing assembly of his attendants and their apparel, and his butlers and their apparel, and his ascent by which he went up to the house of the Lord. And it took her breath away. |
|| 1 Ki 10:5.
food at ← food of. Wider use of the construct state. it took her breath away ← there was no longer breath in her. |
| 2 Chr 9:5 | וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֱמֶת֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בְּאַרְצִ֑י עַל־דְּבָרֶ֖יךָ וְעַל־חָכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ | And she said to the king, “The report which I heard in my country about your affairs and your wisdom was true. |
|| 1 Ki 10:6.
report ← word. true ← truth. |
| 2 Chr 9:6 | וְלֹֽא־הֶאֱמַ֣נְתִּי לְדִבְרֵיהֶ֗ם עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֙אתִי֙ וַתִּרְאֶ֣ינָה עֵינַ֔י וְהִנֵּה֙ לֹ֣א הֻגַּד־לִ֔י חֲצִ֖י מַרְבִּ֣ית חָכְמָתֶ֑ךָ יָסַ֕פְתָּ עַל־הַשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמָֽעְתִּי׃ | But I did not believe those things until I came and my eyes saw them, and it turns out that half the greatness of your wisdom was not told me. You have exceeded the report which I heard. |
|| 1 Ki 10:7.
it turns out that ← behold. |
| 2 Chr 9:7 | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אֲנָשֶׁ֔יךָ וְאַשְׁרֵ֖י עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה הָעֹמְדִ֤ים לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ תָּמִ֔יד וְשֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֶת־חָכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ | Blessed are your men, and blessed are these servants of yours who stand before you continually, and who hear your wisdom. | || 1 Ki 10:8. |
| 2 Chr 9:8 | יְהִ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּר֔וּךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ חָפֵ֣ץ בְּךָ֗ לְתִתְּךָ֤ עַל־כִּסְאוֹ֙ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּאַהֲבַ֨ת אֱלֹהֶ֤יךָ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְהַעֲמִיד֣וֹ לְעוֹלָ֔ם וַיִּתֶּנְךָ֤ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָֽה׃ | Blessed be the Lord your God, who has been favourably disposed to you in setting you on his throne as king for the Lord your God, in the love of your God for Israel, by establishing it age-abidingly. And he has appointed you as king over them, to execute justice and righteousness.” |
|| 1 Ki 10:9.
in setting ... by establishing: gerundial use of the infinitive. establishing it: or establishing him, standing for the people. |
| 2 Chr 9:9 | וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מֵאָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים ׀ כִּכַּ֣ר זָהָ֗ב וּבְשָׂמִ֛ים לָרֹ֥ב מְאֹ֖ד וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א הָיָה֙ כַּבֹּ֣שֶׂם הַה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנָ֥ה מַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֖א לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | And she gave the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold, and very many fragrances and precious stones, and there never was fragrance like this which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon. |
|| 1 Ki 10:10.
talents: see Ex 25:39. stones ← stone. never ← not. |
| 2 Chr 9:10 | וְגַם־עַבְדֵ֤י *חירם **חוּרָם֙ וְעַבְדֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֥יאוּ זָהָ֖ב מֵאוֹפִ֑יר הֵבִ֛יאוּ עֲצֵ֥י אַלְגּוּמִּ֖ים וְאֶ֥בֶן יְקָרָֽה׃ | And {Q: Huram's} [K: Hiram's] servants, and Solomon's servants – those who had brought gold from Ophir – also brought almug wood and precious stones. |
|| 1 Ki 10:11.
almug ← algum here; see 1 Ki 10:11. |
| 2 Chr 9:11 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ אֶת־עֲצֵ֨י הָֽאַלְגּוּמִּ֜ים מְסִלּ֤וֹת לְבֵית־יְהוָה֙ וּלְבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכִנֹּר֥וֹת וּנְבָלִ֖ים לַשָּׁרִ֑ים וְלֹא־נִרְא֥וּ כָהֵ֛ם לְפָנִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And the king made from the almug wood terraces for the house of the Lord and for the king's house, and harps and lutes for the singers. Never had anything like them been seen before in the land of Judah. |
|| 1 Ki 10:12.
almug ← algum here; see 1 Ki 10:11. terraces ← raised ways. never ← not. |
| 2 Chr 9:12 | וְהַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה נָתַ֣ן לְמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֗א אֶת־כָּל־חֶפְצָהּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔לָה מִלְּבַ֖ד אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֣יאָה אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַֽתַּהֲפֹ֛ךְ וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ לְאַרְצָ֖הּ הִ֥יא וַעֲבָדֶֽיהָ׃ פ | And King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all her desire which she asked for, in addition to what she had brought to the king. And she turned and went back to her country with her servants. |
|| 1 Ki 10:13.
with her servants ← she and her servants. |
| 2 Chr 9:13 | וַיְהִי֙ מִשְׁקַ֣ל הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א לִשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה בְּשָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים וָשֵׁ֖שׁ כִּכְּרֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ | And the weight of gold which accrued to Solomon in one year was six hundred and sixty-six talents of gold, |
|| 1 Ki 10:14.
accrued ← came. talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 9:14 | לְבַ֞ד מֵאַנְשֵׁ֧י הַתָּרִ֛ים וְהַסֹּחֲרִ֖ים מְבִיאִ֑ים וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י עֲרַב֙ וּפַח֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ מְבִיאִ֛ים זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | apart from what travelling people and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and the potentates of the land brought gold and silver to Solomon. |
|| 1 Ki 10:15.
brought gold: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 9:15 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה מָאתַ֥יִם צִנָּ֖ה זָהָ֣ב שָׁח֑וּט שֵׁ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ זָהָ֣ב שָׁח֔וּט יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־הַצִּנָּ֥ה הָאֶחָֽת׃ | And King Solomon made two hundred shields of alloyed gold. Six hundred shekels of alloyed gold went in each shield, |
|| 1 Ki 10:16.
went ← go up. each ← one. |
| 2 Chr 9:16 | וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת מָֽגִנִּים֙ זָהָ֣ב שָׁח֔וּט שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ זָהָ֔ב יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־הַמָּגֵ֣ן הָאֶחָ֑ת וַיִּתְּנֵ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּבֵ֖ית יַ֥עַר הַלְּבָנֽוֹן׃ פ | and he made three hundred bucklers of alloyed gold. Three hundred shekels of alloyed gold went into each buckler, and the king put them in the house of the Forest of Lebanon. |
|| 1 Ki 10:17.
buckler (2x): see Jer 46:3. went ← went up. each ← one. |
| 2 Chr 9:17 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ כִּסֵּא־שֵׁ֖ן גָּד֑וֹל וַיְצַפֵּ֖הוּ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר׃ | And the king made a large ivory throne, and he overlaid it with pure gold. | || 1 Ki 10:18. |
| 2 Chr 9:18 | וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מַעֲל֣וֹת לַ֠כִּסֵּא וְכֶ֨בֶשׁ בַּזָּהָ֤ב לַכִּסֵּא֙ מָאֳחָזִ֔ים וְיָד֛וֹת מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה עַל־מְק֣וֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת וּשְׁנַ֣יִם אֲרָי֔וֹת עֹמְדִ֖ים אֵ֥צֶל הַיָּדֽוֹת׃ | And there were six steps up to the throne, and the throne had a footstool in gold, which were all attached, and armrests on each side of the seat. And two lions stood beside the armrests. |
|| 1 Ki 10:19.
seat ← place to sit. |
| 2 Chr 9:19 | וּשְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר אֲרָי֗וֹת עֹמְדִ֥ים שָׁ֛ם עַל־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת מִזֶּ֣ה וּמִזֶּ֑ה לֹא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן לְכָל־מַמְלָכָֽה׃ | And twelve lions stood there on six steps – six on each side. Nothing had been made like it in any kingdom. |
|| 1 Ki 10:20.
like it ← likewise. any ← every. |
| 2 Chr 9:20 | וְ֠כֹל כְּלֵ֞י מַשְׁקֵ֨ה הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה֙ זָהָ֔ב וְכֹ֗ל כְּלֵ֛י בֵּֽית־יַ֥עַר הַלְּבָנ֖וֹן זָהָ֣ב סָג֑וּר אֵ֣ין כֶּ֗סֶף נֶחְשָׁ֛ב בִּימֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לִמְאֽוּמָה׃ | And all King Solomon's tableware for drinking was of gold, and all the articles of the house of the Forest of Lebanon were of seamless gold. Silver was not regarded in Solomon's days as anything special. | || 1 Ki 10:21. |
| 2 Chr 9:21 | כִּֽי־אֳנִיּ֤וֹת לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הֹלְכ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ עִ֖ם עַבְדֵ֣י חוּרָ֑ם אַחַת֩ לְשָׁל֨וֹשׁ שָׁנִ֜ים תָּב֣וֹאנָה ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ נֹֽשְׂאוֹת֙ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֔סֶף שֶׁנְהַבִּ֥ים וְקוֹפִ֖ים וְתוּכִּיִּֽים׃ פ | But the king had ships which went to Tarshish with Huram's servants. Once every three years the ships of Tarshish came transporting gold and silver, ivory and monkeys and peacocks. |
|| 1 Ki 10:22.
peacocks: as given by [AnLx], [BDB], [ST]. In Modern Hebrew the word means parrots. |
| 2 Chr 9:22 | וַיִּגְדַּל֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ לְעֹ֖שֶׁר וְחָכְמָֽה׃ | And King Solomon became greater than all the kings of the earth, in riches and wisdom. | || 1 Ki 10:23. |
| 2 Chr 9:23 | וְכֹל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־חָכְמָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּלִבּֽוֹ׃ | And all the kings of the earth would seek an audience with Solomon, so as to hear his wisdom which God had put in his heart. |
|| 1 Ki 10:24.
an audience with ← the face of. |
| 2 Chr 9:24 | וְהֵ֣ם מְבִיאִ֣ים אִ֣ישׁ מִנְחָת֡וֹ כְּלֵ֣י כֶסֶף֩ וּכְלֵ֨י זָהָ֤ב וּשְׂלָמוֹת֙ נֵ֣שֶׁק וּבְשָׂמִ֔ים סוּסִ֖ים וּפְרָדִ֑ים דְּבַר־שָׁנָ֖ה בְּשָׁנָֽה׃ פ | And they each brought their gift – articles of silver and articles of gold, and garments, and weaponry and fragrances, horses and mules – an event which took place year in year out. |
|| 1 Ki 10:25.
an event ← a thing. year in year out ← year by year, but not necessarily just one event per year. |
| 2 Chr 9:25 | וַיְהִ֨י לִשְׁלֹמֹ֜ה אַרְבַּעַת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אֻֽרְי֤וֹת סוּסִים֙ וּמַרְכָּב֔וֹת וּשְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּנִּיחֵם֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב וְעִם־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And Solomon had four thousand stables for horses, and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, and he located them in the cities of the chariots, and with the king in Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 9:26 | וַיְהִ֥י מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־הַמְּלָכִ֑ים מִן־הַנָּהָר֙ וְעַד־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַ֖ד גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ | And he was a ruler over all the kings from the river up to the land of the Philistines and up to the border with Egypt. | the river: i.e. the Euphrates [CB]. |
| 2 Chr 9:27 | וַיִּתֵּ֨ן הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ אֶת־הַכֶּ֛סֶף בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם כָּאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאֵ֣ת הָאֲרָזִ֗ים נָתַ֛ן כַּשִּׁקְמִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה לָרֹֽב׃ | And the king made silver commonplace in Jerusalem like stones in their abundance, and he made cedars like the sycamores which are in the lowlands in abundance. | || 1 Ki 10:27, 2 Chr 1:15. |
| 2 Chr 9:28 | וּמוֹצִיאִ֨ים סוּסִ֧ים מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם לִשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה וּמִכָּל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | And they brought horses to Solomon from Egypt, and from all countries. | || 1 Ki 10:28, 2 Chr 1:16. |
| 2 Chr 9:29 | וּשְׁאָר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאֲחֲרוֹנִ֑ים הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְעַל־נְבוּאַ֞ת אֲחִיָּ֣ה הַשִּֽׁילוֹנִ֗י וּבַחֲזוֹת֙ *יעדי **יֶעְדּ֣וֹ הַחֹזֶ֔ה עַל־יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־נְבָֽט׃ | And as for the rest of Solomon's affairs – the first and the last – are they not written in the Chronicles of Nathan the prophet and in the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the Visions of {Q: Iddo} [K: Iddi] the seer against Jeroboam the son of Nebat? |
Iddo (qeré) ← Jeddo here. The name is variously spelled.
|| 1 Ki 11:41. |
| 2 Chr 9:30 | וַיִּמְלֹ֨ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֧ה בִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over the whole of Israel for forty years. | || 1 Ki 11:42. |
| 2 Chr 9:31 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב שְׁלֹמֹה֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֔הוּ בְּעִ֖יר דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יו וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ רְחַבְעָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Solomon lay with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David his father. And Rehoboam his son reigned in place of him. |
|| 1 Ki 11:43, 1 Chr 3:10.
Rehoboam: see 1 Ki 11:43. |
| 2 Chr 10:1 | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֖ם שְׁכֶ֑מָה כִּ֥י שְׁכֶ֛ם בָּ֥אוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַמְלִ֥יךְ אֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Israel went to Shechem to make him king. | || 1 Ki 12:1. |
| 2 Chr 10:2 | וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־נְבָט֙ וְה֣וּא בְמִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרַ֔ח מִפְּנֵ֖י שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֥שָׁב יָרָבְעָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat heard it, when he was in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon, that Jeroboam returned from Egypt. | || 1 Ki 12:2. |
| 2 Chr 10:3 | וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ וַיִּקְרְאוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥א יָרָבְעָ֖ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיְדַבְּר֔וּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | For they sent messengers and called for him. And Jeroboam came, as did all Israel, and they spoke to Rehoboam and said, | || 1 Ki 12:3. |
| 2 Chr 10:4 | אָבִ֖יךָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה אֶת־עֻלֵּ֑נוּ וְעַתָּ֡ה הָקֵל֩ מֵעֲבֹדַ֨ת אָבִ֜יךָ הַקָּשָׁ֗ה וּמֵעֻלּ֧וֹ הַכָּבֵ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ וְנַֽעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃ | “Your father made our yoke heavy, but lighten now the hard work imposed by your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you.” |
|| 1 Ki 12:4.
made ...heavy: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 10:5 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם ע֛וֹד שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים וְשׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ הָעָֽם׃ ס | And he said to them, “In three days' time come back to me.” So the people went away. | || 1 Ki 12:5. |
| 2 Chr 10:6 | וַיִּוָּעַ֞ץ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־הַזְּקֵנִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ עֹֽמְדִ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה אָבִ֔יו בִּֽהְיֹת֥וֹ חַ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵ֚יךְ אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב לָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה דָּבָֽר׃ | Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had stood before Solomon his father when he was alive, and he said, “How do you advise me to reply to this people?” |
|| 1 Ki 12:6.
do you advise ← are you consulted. to reply ← to return word. |
| 2 Chr 10:7 | וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר אִם־תִּֽהְיֶ֨ה לְט֜וֹב לְהָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וּרְצִיתָ֔ם וְדִבַּרְתָּ֥ אֲלֵהֶ֖ם דְּבָרִ֣ים טוֹבִ֑ים וְהָי֥וּ לְךָ֛ עֲבָדִ֖ים כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And they spoke to him and said, “If you will be for the good of this people and be favourable to them and speak pleasing words to them, then they will be your servants all the time.” |
|| 1 Ki 12:7.
pleasing ← good. all the time ← all the days. |
| 2 Chr 10:8 | וַֽיַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת הַזְּקֵנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְעָצֻ֑הוּ וַיִּוָּעַ֗ץ אֶת־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּ֔וֹ הָעֹמְדִ֖ים לְפָנָֽיו׃ | But he ignored the advice of the elders who had advised him, and he consulted the children who had grown up with him, who stood in his presence. |
|| 1 Ki 12:8.
ignored ← left. |
| 2 Chr 10:9 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם מָ֚ה אַתֶּ֣ם נֽוֹעָצִ֔ים וְנָשִׁ֥יב דָּבָ֖ר אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבְּר֤וּ אֵלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הָקֵל֙ מִן־הָעֹ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן אָבִ֖יךָ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ | And he said to them, “What do you advise that we reply to this people who spoke to me and said, ‘Lighten the yoke which your father put on us’?” | || 1 Ki 12:9. |
| 2 Chr 10:10 | וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אִתּ֗וֹ הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר גָּדְל֣וּ אִתּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ כֹּֽה־תֹאמַ֡ר לָעָם֩ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבְּר֨וּ אֵלֶ֜יךָ לֵאמֹ֗ר אָבִ֙יךָ֙ הִכְבִּ֣יד אֶת־עֻלֵּ֔נוּ וְאַתָּ֖ה הָקֵ֣ל מֵעָלֵ֑ינוּ כֹּ֚ה תֹּאמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם קָֽטָנִּ֥י עָבָ֖ה מִמָּתְנֵ֥י אָבִֽי׃ | And the children who had grown up with him spoke to him and said, “Say this to the people who spoke to you and said, ‘Your father made our yoke heavy, but you lighten it on us’ – say this to them – : ‘My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. |
|| 1 Ki 12:10.
this (2x) ← thus. on us ← from us. |
| 2 Chr 10:11 | וְעַתָּ֗ה אָבִי֙ הֶעְמִ֤יס עֲלֵיכֶם֙ עֹ֣ל כָּבֵ֔ד וַאֲנִ֖י אֹסִ֣יף עַֽל־עֻלְּכֶ֑ם אָבִ֗י יִסַּ֤ר אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּשּׁוֹטִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֖י בָּֽעֲקְרַבִּֽים׃ ס | And now, my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke. My father chastened you with whips, but I will chasten you with scorpions.’ ” | || 1 Ki 12:11. |
| 2 Chr 10:12 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יָרָבְעָ֧ם וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שׁ֥וּבוּ אֵלַ֖י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִשִֽׁי׃ | Then Jeroboam came to Rehoboam, as did all the people, on the third day, as the king had spoken when he said, “Come back to me on the third day.” | || 1 Ki 12:12. |
| 2 Chr 10:13 | וַיַּעֲנֵ֥ם הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ קָשָׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲזֹב֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֔ם אֵ֖ת עֲצַ֥ת הַזְּקֵנִֽים׃ | And the king answered them harshly, and King Rehoboam ignored the advice of the elders. |
|| 1 Ki 12:13.
ignored ← left. |
| 2 Chr 10:14 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם כַּעֲצַ֤ת הַיְלָדִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַכְבִּיד֙ אֶֽת־עֻלְּכֶ֔ם וַאֲנִ֖י אֹסִ֣יף עָלָ֑יו אָבִ֗י יִסַּ֤ר אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּשּׁוֹטִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֖י בָּעֲקְרַבִּֽים׃ | And he spoke to them according to the advice of the children and said, “I will make your yoke heavy, and I will add to it. My father chastened you with whips, but I will chasten you with scorpions.” |
I will make ... heavy: AV differs, reading אָבִי הִכְבִּיד (my father ... made heavy); compare [BHS-CA] mlt Mss Vrs.
|| 1 Ki 12:14. |
| 2 Chr 10:15 | וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה נְסִבָּה֙ מֵעִ֣ם הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְמַעַן֩ הָקִ֨ים יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־דְּבָר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּר֙ בְּיַד֙ אֲחִיָּ֣הוּ הַשִּֽׁלוֹנִ֔י אֶל־יָרָבְעָ֖ם בֶּן־נְבָֽט׃ | And the king did not listen to the people, because it was a turn of events from God, in order for the Lord to establish his word which he had spoken through the agency of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. |
|| 1 Ki 12:15.
agency ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 10:16 | וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּ֠י לֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ לָהֶם֒ וַיָּשִׁ֣יבוּ הָעָ֣ם אֶת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר מַה־לָּנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק בְּדָוִ֜יד וְלֹֽא־נַחֲלָ֣ה בְּבֶן־יִשַׁ֗י אִ֤ישׁ לְאֹהָלֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַתָּ֕ה רְאֵ֥ה בֵיתְךָ֖ דָּוִ֑יד וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ ס |
And the whole of Israel realized that the king had not heeded them, and the people replied to the king and said,
“What part have we with David?” And, “There is no inheritance in the son of Jesse. Everyone to your {M: tents} [P: gods], O Israel. Now you see to your own house, David.” Then all Israel went to their tents. |
[CB] claims an amendment by the Sopherim. See 1 Ki 12:16, where the remarks on the second occurrence of tents also apply here.
|| 1 Ki 12:16. everyone ← each. |
| 2 Chr 10:17 | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיֹּֽשְׁבִ֖ים בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם רְחַבְעָֽם׃ | But as for the sons of Israel who lived in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. | || 1 Ki 12:17. |
| 2 Chr 10:18 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־הֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמוּ־ב֧וֹ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַֽעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | Then when King Rehoboam sent Hadoram who was in charge of the tax, the sons of Israel stoned him, and he died, and King Rehoboam scrambled to board a carriage to flee to Jerusalem. |
|| 1 Ki 12:18.
stoned him ← “bouldered” him (with) stone. scrambled ← made himself strong. |
| 2 Chr 10:19 | וַיִּפְשְׁע֤וּ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּבֵ֣ית דָּוִ֔יד עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | So Israel revolted against the house of David, as it is up to this day. | || 1 Ki 12:19. |
| 2 Chr 11:1 | וַיָּבֹ֣א רְחַבְעָם֮ יְרוּשָׁלִַם֒ וַיַּקְהֵל֩ אֶת־בֵּ֨ית יְהוּדָ֜ה וּבִנְיָמִ֗ן מֵאָ֨ה וּשְׁמוֹנִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף בָּח֖וּר עֹשֵׂ֣ה מִלְחָמָ֑ה לְהִלָּחֵם֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה לִרְחַבְעָֽם׃ פ | Then when Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he convened the house of Judah and Benjamin – one hundred and eighty thousand young men – who were about to wage war, so as to fight against Israel, so as to restore the kingdom to Rehoboam. |
|| 1 Ki 12:21.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 11:2 | וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥הוּ אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah, a man of God, and it said, |
|| 1 Ki 12:22.
came ← became. |
| 2 Chr 11:3 | אֱמֹ֕ר אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶל֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ | “Speak to Rehoboam the son of Solomon, the king of Judah, and to the whole of Israel in Judah and Benjamin, and say, | || 1 Ki 12:23. |
| 2 Chr 11:4 | כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה לֹא־תַעֲלוּ֩ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ עִם־אֲחֵיכֶ֗ם שׁ֚וּבוּ אִ֣ישׁ לְבֵית֔וֹ כִּ֧י מֵֽאִתִּ֛י נִהְיָ֖ה הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ מִלֶּ֥כֶת אֶל־יָרָבְעָֽם׃ פ | ‘This is what the Lord says: «Do not go up, and do not fight against your brothers. Go back, each one to his house, because this matter has been brought about by me.» ’ ” And they heeded the words of the Lord and turned back from going against Jeroboam. |
|| 1 Ki 12:24.
this is what ← thus. against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 11:5 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב רְחַבְעָ֖ם בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּ֧בֶן עָרִ֛ים לְמָצ֖וֹר בִּיהוּדָֽה׃ | And Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem, and he built cities as fortification in Judah. | lived ← dwelt. |
| 2 Chr 11:6 | וַיִּ֧בֶן אֶת־בֵּֽית־לֶ֛חֶם וְאֶת־עֵיטָ֖ם וְאֶת־תְּקֽוֹעַ׃ | And he built up Bethlehem and Etam and Tekoa, | |
| 2 Chr 11:7 | וְאֶת־בֵּֽית־צ֥וּר וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֖וֹ וְאֶת־עֲדֻלָּֽם׃ | and Beth-Zur and Sochoh and Adullam, | Sochoh: AV= Shoco here. See 1 Sam 17:1. |
| 2 Chr 11:8 | וְאֶת־גַּ֥ת וְאֶת־מָרֵשָׁ֖ה וְאֶת־זִֽיף׃ | and Gath and Mareshah and Ziph, | |
| 2 Chr 11:9 | וְאֶת־אֲדוֹרַ֥יִם וְאֶת־לָכִ֖ישׁ וְאֶת־עֲזֵקָֽה׃ | and Adoraim and Lachish and Azekah, | |
| 2 Chr 11:10 | וְאֶת־צָרְעָה֙ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֔וֹן וְאֶת־חֶבְר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּיהוּדָ֖ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֑ן עָרֵ֖י מְצֻרֽוֹת׃ | and Zorah and Aijalon and Hebron, which are in Judah and Benjamin – cities with fortifications. | cities with ← cities of. |
| 2 Chr 11:11 | וַיְחַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־הַמְּצֻר֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּ֤ן בָּהֶם֙ נְגִידִ֔ים וְאֹצְר֥וֹת מַאֲכָ֖ל וְשֶׁ֥מֶן וָיָֽיִן׃ | And he strengthened the fortifications, and he put overseers in them, and storehouses for food and oil and wine. | |
| 2 Chr 11:12 | וּבְכָל־עִ֤יר וָעִיר֙ צִנּ֣וֹת וּרְמָחִ֔ים וַֽיְחַזְּקֵ֖ם לְהַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיְהִי־ל֖וֹ יְהוּדָ֥ה וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס | And in every individual city he put shields and spears, and he strengthened them to a very great extent. So Judah and Benjamin belonged to him. |
in every individual city ← in every city and city.
belonged ← was. |
| 2 Chr 11:13 | וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִֽתְיַצְּב֥וּ עָלָ֖יו מִכָּל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ | And the priests and the Levites who were in all Israel stationed themselves beside him, coming from all their territories. | territories ← borders. |
| 2 Chr 11:14 | כִּֽי־עָזְב֣וּ הַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֶת־מִגְרְשֵׁיהֶם֙ וַאֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ לִיהוּדָ֖ה וְלִֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּֽי־הִזְנִיחָ֤ם יָֽרָבְעָם֙ וּבָנָ֔יו מִכַּהֵ֖ן לַיהוָֽה׃ | For the Levites left their pasture lands and their estates, and they went to Judah and to Jerusalem, because Jeroboam had rejected them, as had his sons, stopping them from officiating as priests to the Lord. | estates ← estate. |
| 2 Chr 11:15 | וַיַּֽעֲמֶד־לוֹ֙ כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים לַבָּמ֖וֹת וְלַשְּׂעִירִ֑ים וְלָעֲגָלִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ | But he had appointed himself priests for the idolatrous raised sites and for the satyrs and the calves which he had made. |
he ... he: i.e. Jeroboam, as [CB].
satyrs: i.e. goat-like demons. |
| 2 Chr 11:16 | וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַנֹּֽתְנִים֙ אֶת־לְבָבָ֔ם לְבַקֵּ֕שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בָּ֚אוּ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִזְבּ֕וֹחַ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | Then after them there came from all the tribes of Israel those who gave their hearts to seeking the Lord God of Israel, to Jerusalem to sacrifice to the Lord God of their fathers. | |
| 2 Chr 11:17 | וַֽיְחַזְּקוּ֙ אֶת־מַלְכ֣וּת יְהוּדָ֔ה וַֽיְאַמְּצ֛וּ אֶת־רְחַבְעָ֥ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְשָׁנִ֣ים שָׁל֑וֹשׁ כִּ֣י הָֽלְכ֗וּ בְּדֶ֧רֶךְ דָּוִ֛יד וּשְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְשָׁנִ֥ים שָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃ | And they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and they gave strength to Rehoboam the son of Solomon, for three years, for they walked in the way of David and Solomon for three years. | |
| 2 Chr 11:18 | וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֤וֹ רְחַבְעָם֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה אֶת־מָ֣חֲלַ֔ת *בן־**בַּת־יְרִימ֖וֹת בֶּן־דָּוִ֑יד אֲבִיהַ֕יִל בַּת־אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־יִשָֽׁי׃ | And Rehoboam took a wife – Mahalath the {Q: daughter} [K: son] of Jerimoth the son of David, and Abihail, the daughter of Eliab, the son of Jesse. |
The ketiv, although masculine, could perhaps be taken as child.
took ← took for himself. |
| 2 Chr 11:19 | וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ בָּנִ֑ים אֶת־יְע֥וּשׁ וְאֶת־שְׁמַרְיָ֖ה וְאֶת־זָֽהַם׃ | And she bore him sons: Jeush and Shemariah and Zaham. | Shemariah: AV differs (Shamariah), dating from the 1611 edition, but elsewhere Shemariah. |
| 2 Chr 11:20 | וְאַחֲרֶ֣יהָ לָקַ֔ח אֶֽת־מַעֲכָ֖ה בַּת־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֗וֹ אֶת־אֲבִיָּה֙ וְאֶת־עַתַּ֔י וְאֶת־זִיזָ֖א וְאֶת־שְׁלֹמִֽית׃ | And after her he took Maachah, Absalom's daughter, and she bore him Abijah and Attai and Ziza and Shelomith. | |
| 2 Chr 11:21 | וַיֶּאֱהַ֨ב רְחַבְעָ֜ם אֶת־מַעֲכָ֣ה בַת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם מִכָּל־נָשָׁיו֙ וּפִ֣ילַגְשָׁ֔יו כִּ֠י נָשִׁ֤ים שְׁמוֹנֶֽה־עֶשְׂרֵה֙ נָשָׂ֔א וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖ים שִׁשִּׁ֑ים וַיּ֗וֹלֶד עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וּשְׁמוֹנָ֛ה בָּנִ֖ים וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים בָּנֽוֹת׃ | And Rehoboam loved Maachah the daughter of Absalom the most of all his wives and concubines, for he took eighteen wives and sixty concubines, and he begot twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters. | |
| 2 Chr 11:22 | וַיַּֽעֲמֵ֨ד לָרֹ֧אשׁ רְחַבְעָ֛ם אֶת־אֲבִיָּ֥ה בֶֽן־מַעֲכָ֖ה לְנָגִ֣יד בְּאֶחָ֑יו כִּ֖י לְהַמְלִיכֽוֹ׃ | And Rehoboam appointed Abijah the son of Maachah as head – as leader among his brothers – for it was to make him king. | |
| 2 Chr 11:23 | וַיָּבֶן֩ וַיִּפְרֹ֨ץ מִכָּל־בָּנָ֜יו לְֽכָל־אַרְצ֧וֹת יְהוּדָ֣ה וּבִנְיָמִ֗ן לְכֹל֙ עָרֵ֣י הַמְּצֻר֔וֹת וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֛ם הַמָּז֖וֹן לָרֹ֑ב וַיִּשְׁאַ֖ל הֲמ֥וֹן נָשִֽׁים׃ | And he was astute, and he dispersed all his sons to all the districts of Judah and Benjamin, to all the cities with fortifications, and he gave them food in abundance. And he asked for many wives. |
all (first occurrence in verse) ← of all.
districts ← lands. |
| 2 Chr 12:1 | וַיְהִ֗י כְּהָכִ֞ין מַלְכ֤וּת רְחַבְעָם֙ וּכְחֶזְקָת֔וֹ עָזַ֖ב אֶת־תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | And it came to pass at the establishing of Rehoboam's kingdom, and when he had strengthened himself, that he forsook the law of the Lord, as did all Israel with him. | at the establishing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 12:2 | וַיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הַֽחֲמִישִׁית֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֔ם עָלָ֛ה שִׁישַׁ֥ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֥י מָעֲל֖וּ בַּיהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass in the fifth year of King Rehoboam that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had acted perversely against the Lord, | || 1 Ki 14:25. |
| 2 Chr 12:3 | בְּאֶ֤לֶף וּמָאתַ֙יִם֙ רֶ֔כֶב וּבְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֗ר לָעָ֞ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤אוּ עִמּוֹ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לוּבִ֥ים סֻכִּיִּ֖ים וְכוּשִֽׁים׃ | with one thousand two hundred chariots and with sixty thousand horsemen and with innumerable people who came with him from Egypt – Libyans, Sukkiim and Ethiopians – | |
| 2 Chr 12:4 | וַיִּלְכֹּ֛ד אֶת־עָרֵ֥י הַמְּצֻר֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֖א עַד־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | and he took the fortified cities which belonged to Judah, and he came to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 12:5 | וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֤ה הַנָּבִיא֙ בָּ֣א אֶל־רְחַבְעָ֔ם וְשָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נֶאֶסְפ֥וּ אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מִפְּנֵ֣י שִׁישָׁ֑ק וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִ֔י וְאַף־אֲנִ֛י עָזַ֥בְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־שִׁישָֽׁק׃ | Then Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and the senior officials of Judah who had gathered in Jerusalem because of Shishak, and he said to them, “This is what the Lord says: ‘You have left me, and I for my part have left you in the hands of Shishak.’ ” |
this is what ← thus.
for my part ← also, moreover. you have left me ... I ... have left you: examples of a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. hands ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 12:6 | וַיִּכָּנְע֥וּ שָׂרֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְהַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ צַדִּ֥יק ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ | At this the senior officials of Israel and the king humbled themselves, and they said, “The Lord is righteous.” | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 12:7 | וּבִרְא֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ כִּ֣י נִכְנָ֔עוּ הָיָה֩ דְבַר־יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־שְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה ׀ לֵאמֹ֛ר נִכְנְע֖וּ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִיתֵ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֨י לָהֶ֤ם כִּמְעַט֙ לִפְלֵיטָ֔ה וְלֹא־תִתַּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֛י בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּיַד־שִׁישָֽׁק׃ | And when the Lord saw that they had humbled themselves, the word of the Lord came to Shemaiah and said, “They have humbled themselves; I will not ruin them, but I will soon make them like an escaped group, and my wrath will not be poured out on Jerusalem by means of Shishak. |
soon: or almost.
means of ← the hand of. |
| 2 Chr 12:8 | כִּ֥י יִהְיוּ־ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִ֑ים וְיֵדְעוּ֙ עֲב֣וֹדָתִ֔י וַעֲבוֹדַ֖ת מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ ס | But they will be his servants, and they will know what it means to serve me and to serve the kingdoms of the various countries.” | to serve me ... to serve ← my service ... the service of, objective genitives. |
| 2 Chr 12:9 | וַיַּ֨עַל שִׁישַׁ֥ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם֮ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם֒ וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־אֹצְר֣וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶת־אֹֽצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶת־הַכֹּ֖ל לָקָ֑ח וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־מָגִנֵּ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ | Then Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, and he took the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king's house. He took everything away, and he took away the golden shields which Solomon had made. |
|| 1 Ki 14:26.
treasures (2x) ← treasuries. |
| 2 Chr 12:10 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ רְחַבְעָם֙ תַּחְתֵּיהֶ֔ם מָגִנֵּ֖י נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהִפְקִ֗יד עַל־יַד֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרָצִ֔ים הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים פֶּ֖תַח בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | Then King Rehoboam made shields of copper instead of them, and he committed them to the care of the captains of the couriers who guarded the entrance to the king's house. |
|| 1 Ki 14:27.
care ← hand. couriers ← runners. |
| 2 Chr 12:11 | וַיְהִ֛י מִדֵּי־ב֥וֹא הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בָּ֤אוּ הָרָצִים֙ וּנְשָׂא֔וּם וֶהֱשִׁב֖וּם אֶל־תָּ֥א הָרָצִֽים׃ | And it was the case that every time the king went to the house of the Lord, the couriers came and carried them there and then brought them back to the repository of the couriers. |
|| 1 Ki 14:28.
repository: or side-room. |
| 2 Chr 12:12 | וּבְהִכָּֽנְע֗וֹ שָׁ֤ב מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית לְכָלָ֑ה וְגַם֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה הָיָ֖ה דְּבָרִ֥ים טוֹבִֽים׃ ס | And at him humbling himself, the Lord's anger subsided, and he did not completely ruin him, and also in Judah there were good reports. |
subsided ← departed from him.
reports ← words, things. |
| 2 Chr 12:13 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֞ק הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֛ם בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיִּמְלֹ֑ךְ כִּ֣י בֶן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וְאַחַ֣ת שָׁנָה֩ רְחַבְעָ֨ם בְּמָלְכ֜וֹ וּֽשֲׁבַ֨ע עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֣ה ׀ מָלַ֣ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם הָ֠עִיר אֲשֶׁר־בָּחַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לָשׂ֨וּם אֶת־שְׁמ֥וֹ שָׁם֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ נַעֲמָ֖ה הָֽעַמֹּנִֽית׃ | And King Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem, and he reigned, for Rehoboam was forty-one years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the Lord chose out of all the tribes of Israel to establish his name there. And his mother's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. | || 1 Ki 14:21. |
| 2 Chr 12:14 | וַיַּ֖עַשׂ הָרָ֑ע כִּ֣י לֹ֤א הֵכִין֙ לִבּ֔וֹ לִדְר֖וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ ס | Then he did evil, for he did not resolve to seek the Lord. |
|| 1 Ki 14:22.
resolve ← prepare / set his heart. |
| 2 Chr 12:15 | וְדִבְרֵ֣י רְחַבְעָ֗ם הָרִאשֹׁנִים֙ וְהָאֲ֣חַרוֹנִ֔ים הֲלֹא־הֵ֨ם כְּתוּבִ֜ים בְּדִבְרֵ֨י שְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה הַנָּבִ֛יא וְעִדּ֥וֹ הַחֹזֶ֖ה לְהִתְיַחֵ֑שׂ וּמִלְחֲמ֧וֹת רְחַבְעָ֛ם וְיָרָבְעָ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | And the affairs of Rehoboam – the first and the last – are they not written in the Chronicles of Shemaiah the prophet and Iddo the seer, as registered according to genealogies? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the time. |
|| 1 Ki 14:29, 1 Ki 14:30.
wars between ← wars of. Wider use of the construct state. all the time ← all the days. |
| 2 Chr 12:16 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב רְחַבְעָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲבִיָּ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Rehoboam lay with his fathers, and he was buried in the City of David, and Abijah his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Ki 14:31, 1 Chr 3:10.
Abijah: spelled Abijam in 1 Ki 14:31 and related verses. |
| 2 Chr 13:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֛ת שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֑ם וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ אֲבִיָּ֖ה עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam, Abijah started to reign over Judah. | || 1 Ki 15:1. |
| 2 Chr 13:2 | שָׁל֣וֹשׁ שָׁנִ֗ים מָלַךְ֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ מִיכָיָ֥הוּ בַת־אוּרִיאֵ֖ל מִן־גִּבְעָ֑ה וּמִלְחָמָ֥ה הָיְתָ֛ה בֵּ֥ין אֲבִיָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין יָרָבְעָֽם׃ | He reigned for three years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Micaiah, the daughter of Uriel from Gibeah. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam. |
|| 1 Ki 15:2, 1 Ki 15:6.
Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah. In 1 Ki 15:2, the name is Maachah. Gibeah: see Josh 15:57. Abijah and Jeroboam: in 1 Ki 15:6, the ↴ |
| 2 Chr 13:3 | וַיֶּאְסֹ֨ר אֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה בְּחַ֙יִל֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י מִלְחָמָ֔ה אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ בָּח֑וּר ס וְיָרָבְעָ֗ם עָרַ֤ךְ עִמּוֹ֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בִּשְׁמוֹנֶ֨ה מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֥ישׁ בָּח֖וּר גִּבּ֥וֹר חָֽיִל׃ ס | And Abijah gave battle with a force of warriors, of four hundred thousand elite men, while Jeroboam drew up battle lines against him with eight hundred thousand elite men – valiant warriors. |
↳ war is between Rehoboam (Abijah's father) and Jeroboam.
gave ← bound (battle). Dutch parallels the Hebrew (de strijd) aanbinden. against him ← with him. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 13:4 | וַיָּ֣קָם אֲבִיָּ֗ה מֵעַל֙ לְהַ֣ר צְמָרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שְׁמָע֖וּנִי יָרָבְעָ֥ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Abijah stood up on Mount Zemaraim, which is at Mount Ephraim, and he said, “Listen to me, Jeroboam and all Israel. | on ← from on, which can mean above, as in Gen 1:7. |
| 2 Chr 13:5 | הֲלֹ֤א לָכֶם֙ לָדַ֔עַת כִּ֞י יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נָתַ֨ן מַמְלָכָ֧ה לְדָוִ֛יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְעוֹלָ֑ם ל֥וֹ וּלְבָנָ֖יו בְּרִ֥ית מֶֽלַח׃ ס | Is it not given to you to know that the Lord God of Israel gave a kingdom to David, over Israel age-abidingly, to him and his sons, in a covenant of salt? |
his sons: i.e. his descendants.
a covenant of salt: i.e. an indissoluble covenant. |
| 2 Chr 13:6 | וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט עֶ֖בֶד שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּמְרֹ֖ד עַל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ | But Jeroboam the son of Nebat, a servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up and rebelled against his master. | master: or lord(s), but we take it as against Solomon, rather than against the Lord. |
| 2 Chr 13:7 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ עָלָ֗יו אֲנָשִׁ֤ים רֵקִים֙ בְּנֵ֣י בְלִיַּ֔עַל וַיִּֽתְאַמְּצ֖וּ עַל־רְחַבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה וּרְחַבְעָ֗ם הָ֤יָה נַ֙עַר֙ וְרַךְ־לֵבָ֔ב וְלֹ֥א הִתְחַזַּ֖ק לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And idle men joined him – good-for-nothing lads – and they emboldened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was a tender-hearted youth and could not gather strength to confront them. |
joined ← gathered to.
good-for-nothing lads ← sons of without use. to confront ← in the face of. |
| 2 Chr 13:8 | וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֗ים לְהִתְחַזֵּק֙ לִפְנֵי֙ מַמְלֶ֣כֶת יְהוָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֣י דָוִ֑יד וְאַתֶּם֙ הָמ֣וֹן רָ֔ב וְעִמָּכֶם֙ עֶגְלֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם יָרָבְעָ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | But now you say that you will gain strength to confront the Lord's kingdom, which is under the authority of the sons of David, and that you are a great multitude, and that with you are golden calves which Jeroboam made for you as gods. | under the authority ← in the hand. |
| 2 Chr 13:9 | הֲלֹ֤א הִדַּחְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַתַּעֲשׂ֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם כֹּהֲנִים֙ כְּעַמֵּ֣י הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת כָּל־הַבָּ֗א לְמַלֵּ֨א יָד֜וֹ בְּפַ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ וְאֵילִ֣ם שִׁבְעָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה כֹהֵ֖ן לְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס | Have you not thrust out the Lord's priests – the sons of Aaron and the Levites – and created for yourselves priests like the nations of the various countries? Everyone who comes to commission himself with a bull-calf and seven rams becomes a priest of non-gods. |
created ← made.
commission himself ← fill his hand. |
| 2 Chr 13:10 | וַאֲנַ֛חְנוּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ וְלֹ֣א עֲזַבְנֻ֑הוּ וְכֹ֨הֲנִ֜ים מְשָׁרְתִ֤ים לַֽיהוָה֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְהַלְוִיִּ֖ם בַּמְלָֽאכֶת׃ | But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken him, and the priests who serve the Lord are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites are engaged in the work, | |
| 2 Chr 13:11 | וּמַקְטִרִ֣ים לַיהוָ֡ה עֹל֣וֹת בַּבֹּֽקֶר־בַּבֹּ֣קֶר וּבָעֶֽרֶב־בָּעֶ֣רֶב וּקְטֹֽרֶת־סַמִּים֩ וּמַעֲרֶ֨כֶת לֶ֜חֶם עַל־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֣ן הַטָּה֗וֹר וּמְנוֹרַ֨ת הַזָּהָ֤ב וְנֵרֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ לְבָעֵר֙ בָּעֶ֣רֶב בָּעֶ֔רֶב כִּֽי־שֹׁמְרִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וְאַתֶּ֖ם עֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם אֹתֽוֹ׃ | and they make burnt offerings to the Lord with incense every morning and every evening, and incense from fragrances, and see to the arrangement of the showbread on the pure table, and the golden lampstand and its candles so that they burn every evening. For we keep the duty of observance of the Lord our God, but you have forsaken him. | incense from ← incense of. Wider use of the construct state. |
| 2 Chr 13:12 | וְהִנֵּה֩ עִמָּ֨נוּ בָרֹ֜אשׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ וְכֹהֲנָ֛יו וַחֲצֹצְר֥וֹת הַתְּרוּעָ֖ה לְהָרִ֣יעַ עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַל־תִּלָּֽחֲמ֛וּ עִם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם כִּי־לֹ֥א תַצְלִֽיחוּ׃ | And look, with us at the head is God, and his priests and the trumpets, the sounding of them being to raise an alarm to you. You sons of Israel, do not fight against the Lord God of your fathers, for you will not succeed.” | against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 13:13 | וְיָֽרָבְעָ֗ם הֵסֵב֙ אֶת־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב לָב֖וֹא מֵֽאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְהַמַּאְרָ֖ב מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ | But Jeroboam wheeled an ambush round so as to get behind them, so that they – Jeroboam's men – were facing Judah, whereas his ambush was behind them. |
get ← come.
whereas: wider use of the vav, here contrastive. |
| 2 Chr 13:14 | וַיִּפְנ֣וּ יְהוּדָ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֔וֹר וַֽיִּצְעֲק֖וּ לַיהוָ֑ה וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים *מחצצרים **מַחְצְרִ֖ים בַּחֲצֹצְרֽוֹת׃ | Then when Judah turned round, they became aware that they faced battle in front and behind, and they cried out to the Lord, and the priests blew the trumpets. |
blew: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
they became aware that ← behold. |
| 2 Chr 13:15 | וַיָּרִ֖יעוּ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י בְּהָרִ֙יעַ֙ אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְהָאֱלֹהִ֗ים נָגַ֤ף אֶת־יָֽרָבְעָם֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֥י אֲבִיָּ֖ה וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | And the men of Judah raised the alarm, and it came to pass, when the men of Judah raised the alarm, that God struck Jeroboam and all Israel in the presence of Abijah and Judah. | |
| 2 Chr 13:16 | וַיָּנ֥וּסוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדָֽם׃ | And the sons of Israel fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hand. | delivered ← gave. |
| 2 Chr 13:17 | וַיַּכּ֥וּ בָהֶ֛ם אֲבִיָּ֥ה וְעַמּ֖וֹ מַכָּ֣ה רַבָּ֑ה וַיִּפְּל֤וּ חֲלָלִים֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חֲמֵשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף אִ֥ישׁ בָּחֽוּר׃ | And Abijah and his people dealt them a severe blow, and five hundred thousand elite men of Israel fell as casualties. | dealt them a severe blow ← struck them (with) a great strike. |
| 2 Chr 13:18 | וַיִּכָּנְע֥וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא וַיֶּֽאֶמְצוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּ֣י נִשְׁעֲנ֔וּ עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | So the sons of Israel were brought low at that time, whereas the sons of Judah displayed strength, because they relied on the Lord God of their fathers. | |
| 2 Chr 13:19 | וַיִּרְדֹּ֣ף אֲבִיָּה֮ אַחֲרֵ֣י יָרָבְעָם֒ וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ עָרִ֔ים אֶת־בֵּֽית־אֵל֙ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־יְשָׁנָ֖ה וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֶת־*עפרון **עֶפְרַ֖יִן וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | And Abijah pursued Jeroboam, and he captured cities from him – Beth-El and its satellite villages, and Jeshanah and its satellite villages, and {K: Ephron} [Q: Ephrain] and its satellite villages. | Ephron: Mount Ephron is mentioned in Josh 15:9. |
| 2 Chr 13:20 | וְלֹֽא־עָצַ֧ר כֹּֽחַ־יָרָבְעָ֛ם ע֖וֹד בִּימֵ֣י אֲבִיָּ֑הוּ וַיִּגְּפֵ֥הוּ יְהוָ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃ פ | And Jeroboam did not regain strength in the days of Abijah, and the Lord struck him down, and he died. | regain ← still retain / enclose. |
| 2 Chr 13:21 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֣ק אֲבִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּ֨שָּׂא־ל֔וֹ נָשִׁ֖ים אַרְבַּ֣ע עֶשְׂרֵ֑ה וַיּ֗וֹלֶד עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ בָּנִ֔ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה בָּנֽוֹת׃ ס | But Abijah became stronger, and he took fourteen wives, and he begot twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters. | took ← took to himself. |
| 2 Chr 13:22 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י אֲבִיָּ֔ה וּדְרָכָ֖יו וּדְבָרָ֑יו כְּתוּבִ֕ים בְּמִדְרַ֖שׁ הַנָּבִ֥יא עִדּֽוֹ׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Abijah, both his ways and his affairs, are written in the Commentary of the Prophet Iddo. |
|| 1 Ki 15:7.
commentary: the Hebrew word is Midrash, but not in its modern sense. |
| 2 Chr 13:23 2 Chr 14:1AV |
וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב אֲבִיָּ֜ה עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔יד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָסָ֥א בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּ֑יו בְּיָמָ֛יו שָׁקְטָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃ פ | And Abijah lay with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David, and Asa his son reigned in his place. In his days the land enjoyed rest for ten years. | || 1 Ki 15:8, 1 Chr 3:10. |
| 2 Chr 14:1 2 Chr 14:2AV |
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אָסָא֙ הַטּ֣וֹב וְהַיָּשָׁ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | Now Asa did what was good and right in the eyes of the Lord his God, | || 1 Ki 15:11. |
| 2 Chr 14:2 2 Chr 14:3AV |
וַיָּ֛סַר אֶת־מִזְבְּח֥וֹת הַנֵּכָ֖ר וְהַבָּמ֑וֹת וַיְשַׁבֵּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּב֔וֹת וַיְגַדַּ֖ע אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִֽים׃ | and he removed the foreign altars and the idolatrous raised sites, and he broke the idolatrous statues up, and he cut the phallic parks down. | || 1 Ki 15:12. |
| 2 Chr 14:3 2 Chr 14:4AV |
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לִֽיהוּדָ֔ה לִדְר֕וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וְלַעֲשׂ֖וֹת הַתּוֹרָ֥ה וְהַמִּצְוָֽה׃ | Then he told Judah to seek the Lord God of their fathers, and to observe the law and the commandments. |
observe ← do.
commandments ← commandment, standing for body of commandments. |
| 2 Chr 14:4 2 Chr 14:5AV |
וַיָּ֙סַר֙ מִכָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֶת־הַבָּמ֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַֽחַמָּנִ֑ים וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃ | And he removed from all the cities of Judah the idolatrous raised sites, and the sun-images. And the kingdom enjoyed rest before him. | sun-images: mentioned in Lev 26:30. |
| 2 Chr 14:5 2 Chr 14:6AV |
וַיִּ֛בֶן עָרֵ֥י מְצוּרָ֖ה בִּיהוּדָ֑ה כִּֽי־שָׁקְטָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵין־עִמּ֤וֹ מִלְחָמָה֙ בַּשָּׁנִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כִּֽי־הֵנִ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | And he built fortified cities in Judah, although the land enjoyed rest and he did not have war in those years, because the Lord gave him rest. | |
| 2 Chr 14:6 2 Chr 14:7AV |
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָ֜ה נִבְנֶ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְנָסֵ֨ב חוֹמָ֣ה וּמִגְדָּלִים֮ דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִיחִים֒ עוֹדֶ֨נּוּ הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנֵ֗ינוּ כִּ֤י דָרַ֙שְׁנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ דָּרַ֕שְׁנוּ וַיָּ֥נַֽח לָ֖נוּ מִסָּבִ֑יב וַיִּבְנ֖וּ וַיַּצְלִֽיחוּ׃ פ | And he said to Judah, “We will build these cities, and we will encircle them with a wall and towers and doors and bolts, while the land is still before us, for we have sought the Lord our God; we sought him, and he has given us rest all round.” So they built and prospered. | |
| 2 Chr 14:7 2 Chr 14:8AV |
וַיְהִ֣י לְאָסָ֗א חַיִל֮ נֹשֵׂ֣א צִנָּ֣ה וָרֹמַח֒ מִֽיהוּדָה֙ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אֶ֔לֶף ס וּמִבִּנְיָמִ֗ן נֹשְׂאֵ֤י מָגֵן֙ וְדֹ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת מָאתַ֥יִם וּשְׁמוֹנִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה גִּבּ֥וֹרֵי חָֽיִל׃ | And Asa had an army bearing shield and spear from Judah, three hundred thousand strong, and from Benjamin bearing the buckler and drawing the bow, two hundred and eighty thousand strong, all these being valiant warriors. | buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| 2 Chr 14:8 2 Chr 14:9AV |
וַיֵּצֵ֨א אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם זֶ֣רַח הַכּוּשִׁ֗י בְּחַ֙יִל֙ אֶ֣לֶף אֲלָפִ֔ים וּמַרְכָּב֖וֹת שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וַיָּבֹ֖א עַד־מָרֵשָֽׁה׃ | Then Zerah the Ethiopian went out against them with a force of one million, and three hundred chariots, and he arrived in Mareshah. | |
| 2 Chr 14:9 2 Chr 14:10AV |
וַיֵּצֵ֥א אָסָ֖א לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּֽעַרְכוּ֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּגֵ֥יא צְפַ֖תָה לְמָרֵשָֽׁה׃ | So Asa went out to confront him, and they drew up for battle in the Valley of Zephathah in Mareshah. | in Mareshah ← (belonging) to Mareshah. |
| 2 Chr 14:10 2 Chr 14:11AV |
וַיִּקְרָ֨א אָסָ֜א אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָיו֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֵֽין־עִמְּךָ֤ לַעְזוֹר֙ בֵּ֥ין רַב֙ לְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ עָזְרֵ֜נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ כִּֽי־עָלֶ֣יךָ נִשְׁעַ֔נּוּ וּבְשִׁמְךָ֣ בָ֔אנוּ עַל־הֶהָמ֖וֹן הַזֶּ֑ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ אַ֔תָּה אַל־יַעְצֹ֥ר עִמְּךָ֖ אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ ס | And Asa called on the Lord his God and said, “O Lord, it is nothing to you to help, whether a large number or whether those without strength. Help us, O Lord our God, because we have relied on you, and in your name we have come against this multitude. O Lord, you are our God; do not let man obstruct you.” | obstruct you ← restrain with you. |
| 2 Chr 14:11 2 Chr 14:12AV |
וַיִּגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַכּוּשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֥י אָסָ֖א וְלִפְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ הַכּוּשִֽׁים׃ | And the Lord struck the Ethiopians before Asa and before Judah, and the Ethiopians fled. | |
| 2 Chr 14:12 2 Chr 14:13AV |
וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֨ם אָסָ֜א וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ֮ עַד־לִגְרָר֒ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מִכּוּשִׁים֙ לְאֵ֣ין לָהֶ֣ם מִֽחְיָ֔ה כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה וְלִפְנֵ֣י מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ שָׁלָ֖ל הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ | And Asa and the people who were with him pursued them as far as Gerar, and so many of the Ethiopians fell that they had no sign of life, for they were crushed before the Lord and before his battalion. And they carried away a very large quantity of spoil. | |
| 2 Chr 14:13 2 Chr 14:14AV |
וַיַּכּ֗וּ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת גְּרָ֔ר כִּי־הָיָ֥ה פַֽחַד־יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֙זּוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים כִּֽי־בִזָּ֥ה רַבָּ֖ה הָיְתָ֥ה בָהֶֽם׃ | And they attacked all the cities around Gerar, for the fear of the Lord was on them. And they spoiled all the cities, for there was much spoil in them. | fear of the Lord: an objective genitive (they fear the Lord). |
| 2 Chr 14:14 2 Chr 14:15AV |
וְגַם־אָהֳלֵ֥י מִקְנֶ֖ה הִכּ֑וּ וַיִּשְׁבּ֨וּ צֹ֤אן לָרֹב֙ וּגְמַלִּ֔ים וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And they also attacked the tents of cattle, and they captured sheep in abundance, and camels, and they returned to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 15:1 | וַעֲזַרְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־עוֹדֵ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And the spirit of God came on Azariah the son of Oded. | came ← became. |
| 2 Chr 15:2 | וַיֵּצֵא֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אָסָא֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ שְׁמָע֕וּנִי אָסָ֖א וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֣ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ בִּֽהְיֽוֹתְכֶ֣ם עִמּ֔וֹ וְאִֽם־תִּדְרְשֻׁ֙הוּ֙ יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְאִם־תַּעַזְבֻ֖הוּ יַעֲזֹ֥ב אֶתְכֶֽם׃ ס | And he went out to see Asa, and he said to him, “Hear me, Asa, and all Judah and Benjamin. The Lord is with you when you are with him, and if you seek him, he will be found by you, but if you forsake him, he will forsake you. | to see ← before, to the face of. |
| 2 Chr 15:3 | וְיָמִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְלֹ֣א ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱמֶ֗ת וּלְלֹ֛א כֹּהֵ֥ן מוֹרֶ֖ה וּלְלֹ֥א תוֹרָֽה׃ | Now for a long time Israel was without the true God, and without a priestly teacher, and without the law, |
for a long time ← many days.
a priestly teacher ← a priest a teacher. |
| 2 Chr 15:4 | וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ בַּצַּר־ל֔וֹ עַל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְבַקְשֻׁ֖הוּ וַיִּמָּצֵ֥א לָהֶֽם׃ | but when they were in straits, they returned to the Lord God of Israel, and they sought him, and he was found by them. | |
| 2 Chr 15:5 | וּבָעִתִּ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין שָׁל֖וֹם לַיּוֹצֵ֣א וְלַבָּ֑א כִּ֚י מְהוּמֹ֣ת רַבּ֔וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ | But in those times there was no peace to anyone going about their business because there was much turmoil over all the inhabitants of the various countries. | anyone going about their business ← the comer out and the goer in. |
| 2 Chr 15:6 | וְכֻתְּת֥וּ גוֹי־בְּג֖וֹי וְעִ֣יר בְּעִ֑יר כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים הֲמָמָ֖ם בְּכָל־צָרָֽה׃ | And nation was routed by nation, and city by city, for God so motivated them with all adversity. | |
| 2 Chr 15:7 | וְאַתֶּ֣ם חִזְק֔וּ וְאַל־יִרְפּ֖וּ יְדֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ שָׂכָ֖ר לִפְעֻלַּתְכֶֽם׃ ס | So you be strong, and do not let your hands droop, because there is a reward for your labour.” | |
| 2 Chr 15:8 | וְכִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אָסָ֜א הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה וְהַנְּבוּאָה֮ עֹדֵ֣ד הַנָּבִיא֒ הִתְחַזַּ֗ק וַיַּעֲבֵ֤ר הַשִּׁקּוּצִים֙ מִכָּל־אֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן וּמִן־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָכַ֖ד מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיְחַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אוּלָ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | And when Asa heard these words and the prophecy – Oded being the prophet – he took courage and removed the abominations from the whole land of Judah and Benjamin, and from the cities which he had taken in the mountainous country of Ephraim, and he renewed the altar of the Lord which was in front of the Lord's portico. | in the mountainous country of Ephraim ← from Mount Ephraim. |
| 2 Chr 15:9 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֗ץ אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִנְיָמִ֔ן וְהַגָּרִים֙ עִמָּהֶ֔ם מֵאֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וּמִשִּׁמְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־נָפְל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֙ לָרֹ֔ב בִּרְאֹתָ֕ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֖יו עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ | And he gathered the whole of Judah and Benjamin and those temporarily resident with them from Ephraim and Manasseh, and from Simeon, for they flocked to him from Israel in abundance when they saw that the Lord his God was with him. | flocked ← fell, with connotations of defection. |
| 2 Chr 15:10 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֥וּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לִשְׁנַ֥ת חֲמֵשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה לְמַלְכ֥וּת אָסָֽא׃ | And they gathered in Jerusalem in the third month in the fifteenth year of Asa's reign. | |
| 2 Chr 15:11 | וַיִּזְבְּח֤וּ לַיהוָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא מִן־הַשָּׁלָ֖ל הֵבִ֑יאוּ בָּקָר֙ שְׁבַ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת וְצֹ֖אן שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | And they sacrificed to the Lord on that day – they brought from the spoil seven hundred oxen and seven thousand sheep. | |
| 2 Chr 15:12 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ בַבְּרִ֔ית לִדְר֕וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם בְּכָל־לְבָבָ֖ם וּבְכָל־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ | And they entered into a covenant to seek the Lord God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul. | a covenant ← the covenant. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Chr 15:13 | וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֛שׁ לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יוּמָ֑ת לְמִן־קָטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל לְמֵאִ֖ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּֽׁה׃ | And everyone who would not seek the Lord God of Israel would be put to death, whether small or great, whether man or woman. | whether ... or ... whether ... or ← from ... and to ... from ... and to, but not necessarily denoting a range. Compare Gen 6:7. |
| 2 Chr 15:14 | וַיִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה בְּק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל וּבִתְרוּעָ֑ה וּבַחֲצֹצְר֖וֹת וּבְשׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ | And they swore to the Lord in a loud voice, and with a shout, and with trumpets and with ramshorns. | |
| 2 Chr 15:15 | וַיִּשְׂמְח֨וּ כָל־יְהוּדָ֜ה עַל־הַשְּׁבוּעָ֗ה כִּ֤י בְכָל־לְבָבָם֙ נִשְׁבָּ֔עוּ וּבְכָל־רְצוֹנָ֣ם בִּקְשֻׁ֔הוּ וַיִּמָּצֵ֖א לָהֶ֑ם וַיָּ֧נַח יְהוָ֛ה לָהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | And all Judah rejoiced at the oath, because they swore wholeheartedly, and they sought him with all their will, and he was found by them, and the Lord gave them rest all round. | |
| 2 Chr 15:16 | וְגַֽם־מַעֲכָ֞ה אֵ֣ם ׀ אָסָ֣א הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הֱסִירָהּ֙ מִגְּבִירָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֥ה לַאֲשֵׁרָ֖ה מִפְלָ֑צֶת וַיִּכְרֹ֤ת אָסָא֙ אֶת־מִפְלַצְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֕דֶק וַיִּשְׂרֹ֖ף בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ | And as for Maachah too, King Asa's mother, he excluded her from being queen mother, because she had made a monstrosity for the phallic park. And Asa cut her monstrosity down and pulverized it and burnt it at the Kidron Brook. |
|| 1 Ki 15:13.
excluded ← removed. |
| 2 Chr 15:17 | וְהַ֨בָּמ֔וֹת לֹא־סָ֖רוּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֧ק לְבַב־אָסָ֛א הָיָ֥ה שָׁלֵ֖ם כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ | But the idolatrous raised sites were not removed from Israel, yet Asa's heart was sincere all his days. |
|| 1 Ki 15:14.
were not removed ← did not depart. Qal for passive of hiphil. sincere ← whole; at peace. |
| 2 Chr 15:18 | וַיָּבֵ֞א אֶת־קָדְשֵׁ֥י אָבִ֛יו וְקָֽדָשָׁ֖יו בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כֶּ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב וְכֵלִֽים׃ | And he brought his father's holy articles, and his own holy articles, to the house of God – silver and gold and equipment. | || 1 Ki 15:15. |
| 2 Chr 15:19 | וּמִלְחָמָ֖ה לֹ֣א הָיָ֑תָה עַ֛ד שְׁנַת־שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְחָמֵ֖שׁ לְמַלְכ֥וּת אָסָֽא׃ ס | And there was no war until the thirty-fifth year of Asa's reign. | || 1 Ki 15:16. |
| 2 Chr 16:1 | בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וָשֵׁשׁ֙ לְמַלְכ֣וּת אָסָ֔א עָלָ֞ה בַּעְשָׁ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עַל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּ֖בֶן אֶת־הָרָמָ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֗י תֵּ֚ת יוֹצֵ֣א וָבָ֔א לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | In the thirty-sixth year of Asa's reign, Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and he built Ramah, to prevent traffic to and from Asa king of Judah. |
|| 1 Ki 15:17.
Ramah ← the Ramah. prevent traffic to and from ← not give exiting and entering. |
| 2 Chr 16:2 | וַיֹּצֵ֨א אָסָ֜א כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב מֵאֹֽצְר֛וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶל־בֶּן־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּדַרְמֶ֖שֶׂק לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And Asa brought silver and gold from the treasuries of the house of the Lord and the king's house, and he sent it to Ben-Hadad king of Aramaea, who was living in Damascus, and he said, |
|| 1 Ki 15:18.
living ← sitting, dwelling. |
| 2 Chr 16:3 | בְּרִית֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ וּבֵ֥ין אָבִ֖י וּבֵ֣ין אָבִ֑יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁלַ֤חְתִּֽי לְךָ֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב לֵ֞ךְ הָפֵ֣ר בְּרִֽיתְךָ֗ אֶת־בַּעְשָׁא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיַעֲלֶ֖ה מֵעָלָֽי׃ | “There is a covenant between me and you, as there was between my father and your father. Look, I have sent you silver and gold. Go and break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel so that I am rid of him.” |
|| 1 Ki 15:19.
I am rid of him ← he goes up from on me. |
| 2 Chr 16:4 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּן הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ אֶל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל מָ֑יִם וְאֵ֥ת כָּֽל־מִסְכְּנ֖וֹת עָרֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ | And Ben-Hadad heeded King Asa, and he sent the commanders of his forces to the cities of Israel, and they attacked Ijon and Dan and Abel-Maim, and all the storehouses in the cities of Naphtali. |
|| 1 Ki 15:20.
heeded ← heard. storehouses in ← storehouses of. |
| 2 Chr 16:5 | וַיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ בַּעְשָׁ֔א וַיֶּחְדַּ֕ל מִבְּנ֖וֹת אֶת־הָרָמָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֖ת אֶת־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ ס | And when Baasha heard about it, he discontinued building Ramah, and he put a stop to his work. |
|| 1 Ki 15:21.
and when ← and it was as. Ramah ← the Ramah. |
| 2 Chr 16:6 | וְאָסָ֣א הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לָקַח֙ אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּשְׂא֞וּ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤י הָֽרָמָה֙ וְאֶת־עֵצֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בַּעְשָׁ֑א וַיִּ֣בֶן בָּהֶ֔ם אֶת־גֶּ֖בַע וְאֶת־הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃ ס | And King Asa took all of Judah, and they carried away the stones of Ramah and its timbers, with which Baasha had been building it, and he built Geba and Mizpah with them. |
|| 1 Ki 15:22.
Ramah ... Mizpah ← the Ramah ... the Mizpah. |
| 2 Chr 16:7 | וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא בָּ֚א חֲנָ֣נִי הָרֹאֶ֔ה אֶל־אָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו בְּהִשָּׁ֨עֶנְךָ֜ עַל־מֶ֤לֶךְ אֲרָם֙ וְלֹ֤א נִשְׁעַ֙נְתָּ֙ עַל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נִמְלַ֛ט חֵ֥יל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֖ם מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ | And at that time, Hanani the seer came to Asa king of Judah and said to him, “Because you have relied on the king of Aramaea, and you have not relied on the Lord your God, the forces of the king of Aramaea have escaped from your control. | control ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 16:8 | הֲלֹ֧א הַכּוּשִׁ֣ים וְהַלּוּבִ֗ים הָי֨וּ לְחַ֧יִל ׀ לָרֹ֛ב לְרֶ֥כֶב וּלְפָרָשִׁ֖ים לְהַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וּבְהִשָּֽׁעֶנְךָ֥ עַל־יְהוָ֖ה נְתָנָ֥ם בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ | Had not the Ethiopians and the Libyans become a numerous force, with chariots and horsemen in very great numbers? Yet when you relied on the Lord, he delivered them into your hand. | |
| 2 Chr 16:9 | כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה עֵינָ֞יו מְשֹׁטְט֤וֹת בְּכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְ֠הִתְחַזֵּק עִם־לְבָבָ֥ם שָׁלֵ֛ם אֵלָ֖יו נִסְכַּ֣לְתָּ עַל־זֹ֑את כִּ֣י מֵעַ֔תָּה יֵ֥שׁ עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמֽוֹת׃ | For the eyes of the Lord scour the whole land, so that he may show his strength to those whose heart is sincere with him, but you have acted foolishly in this respect, so from now on you will have wars.” |
the eyes of the Lord (etc.): compare Zech 4:10 and Prov 15:3.
scour ← run up and down in. land: or earth. strength to ← strength with. sincere with ← sincere to. |
| 2 Chr 16:10 | וַיִּכְעַ֨ס אָסָ֜א אֶל־הָרֹאֶ֗ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֙הוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית הַמַּהְפֶּ֔כֶת כִּֽי־בְזַ֥עַף עִמּ֖וֹ עַל־זֹ֑את וַיְרַצֵּ֥ץ אָסָ֛א מִן־הָעָ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃ | At this Asa became angry with the seer, and he put him in prison, for he was in a rage with him about this. And Asa oppressed some of the people at that time. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
prison: or stocks. |
| 2 Chr 16:11 | וְהִנֵּה֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י אָסָ֔א הָרִאשׁוֹנִ֖ים וְהָאַחֲרוֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֤ם כְּתוּבִים֙ עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לִיהוּדָ֖ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the affairs of Asa – the first and the last – they are to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 15:23.
as for ← behold. they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 16:12 | וַיֶּחֱלֶ֣א אָסָ֡א בִּשְׁנַת֩ שְׁלוֹשִׁ֨ים וָתֵ֤שַׁע לְמַלְכוּתוֹ֙ בְּרַגְלָ֔יו עַד־לְמַ֖עְלָה חָלְי֑וֹ וְגַם־בְּחָלְיוֹ֙ לֹא־דָרַ֣שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֖י בָּרֹפְאִֽים׃ | Now Asa became diseased in his feet in the thirty-ninth year of his reign. His disease was in an advanced stage, but even with his disease he did not seek the Lord, but the doctors. |
|| 1 Ki 15:23.
in an advanced stage ← up to upwards. |
| 2 Chr 16:13 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אָסָ֖א עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו וַיָּ֕מָת בִּשְׁנַ֛ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאַחַ֖ת לְמָלְכֽוֹ׃ | And Asa lay with his fathers, and he died in the forty-first year of his reign. | || 1 Ki 15:24. |
| 2 Chr 16:14 | וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֣הוּ בְקִבְרֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּֽרָה־לוֹ֮ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִיד֒ וַיַּשְׁכִּיבֻ֗הוּ בַּמִּשְׁכָּב֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִלֵּא֙ בְּשָׂמִ֣ים וּזְנִ֔ים מְרֻקָּחִ֖ים בְּמִרְקַ֣חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וַיִּשְׂרְפוּ־ל֥וֹ שְׂרֵפָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה עַד־לִמְאֹֽד׃ פ | And they buried him in his own grave which he had had dug for himself in the City of David, and they laid him on a bed which he had filled with fragrances and suchlike, composed as a professional preparation, and they lit a very great fire for him indeed. |
|| 1 Ki 15:24.
grave ← graves. [CB] takes this as a plural of majesty, his great sepulchre. he had had dug: qal for passive of hiphil. lit ← burned. |
| 2 Chr 17:1 | וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֖ק עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his place, and he strengthened himself against Israel. | || 1 Ki 15:24. |
| 2 Chr 17:2 | וַיִּ֨תֶּן־חַ֔יִל בְּכָל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה הַבְּצֻר֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּ֤ן נְצִיבִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְעָרֵ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָכַ֖ד אָסָ֥א אָבִֽיו׃ | And he put forces in all the fortified cities of Judah, and he put garrisons in the land of Judah and in the cities of Ephraim which Asa his father had captured. | |
| 2 Chr 17:3 | וַיְהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כִּ֣י הָלַ֗ךְ בְּדַרְכֵ֞י דָּוִ֤יד אָבִיו֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א דָרַ֖שׁ לַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | And the Lord was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the first ways of David his father, and he did not seek the Baalim, | |
| 2 Chr 17:4 | כִּ֠י לֵֽאלֹהֵ֤י אָבִיו֙ דָּרָ֔שׁ וּבְמִצְוֺתָ֖יו הָלָ֑ךְ וְלֹ֖א כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | for he sought the God of his father, and he walked in his commandments, and not like the practice of Israel. | |
| 2 Chr 17:5 | וַיָּ֨כֶן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֧וּ כָל־יְהוּדָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לִיהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וַֽיְהִי־ל֥וֹ עֹֽשֶׁר־וְכָב֖וֹד לָרֹֽב׃ | And the Lord established the kingdom in his hand, and all Judah gave gifts to Jehoshaphat, and he had wealth and honour in abundance. | gifts ← a gift. |
| 2 Chr 17:6 | וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ לִבּ֖וֹ בְּדַרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְע֗וֹד הֵסִ֛יר אֶת־הַבָּמ֥וֹת וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֖ים מִיהוּדָֽה׃ פ | And his heart was exuberant in the ways of the Lord, and furthermore he removed the idolatrous raised sites and the phallic parks from Judah. | exuberant ← high. |
| 2 Chr 17:7 | וּבִשְׁנַ֨ת שָׁל֜וֹשׁ לְמָלְכ֗וֹ שָׁלַ֤ח לְשָׂרָיו֙ לְבֶן־חַ֙יִל֙ וּלְעֹבַדְיָ֣ה וְלִזְכַרְיָ֔ה וְלִנְתַנְאֵ֖ל וּלְמִיכָיָ֑הוּ לְלַמֵּ֖ד בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And in the third year of his reign, he sent teachers to his senior officials, to Ben-Hail and to Obadiah and to Zechariah and to Nethaneel and to Micaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. |
teachers: perhaps translate he sent his senior officials, Ben-Hail etc., taking the לְ as a direct object marker, as frequently in Aramaic.
Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. Micaiah: AV= Michaiah here; more commonly Micaiah. |
| 2 Chr 17:8 | וְעִמָּהֶ֣ם הַלְוִיִּ֗ם שְֽׁמַֽעְיָ֡הוּ וּנְתַנְיָ֡הוּ וּזְבַדְיָ֡הוּ וַעֲשָׂהאֵ֡ל *ושמרימות **וּשְׁמִֽירָמ֡וֹת וִֽיהוֹנָתָן֩ וַאֲדֹ֨נִיָּ֧הוּ וְטֽוֹבִיָּ֛הוּ וְט֥וֹב אֲדוֹנִיָּ֖ה הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְעִמָּהֶ֛ם אֱלִישָׁמָ֥ע וִֽיהוֹרָ֖ם הַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | And with them were the Levites, Shemaiah and Nethaniah and Zebadiah and Asahel and {Q: Shemiramoth} [K: Shemrimoth] and Jonathan and Adonijah and Tobiah and Tob-Adonijah – the Levites – and with them were Elishama and Jehoram the priests. |
Jonathan ← Jehonathan here and, e.g., Judg 18:30; elsewhere often the shorter form Jonathan. AV= Jehonathan here.
Tobiah: AV= Tobijah here, but the more frequent Tobiah in Ezra and Nehemiah. |
| 2 Chr 17:9 | וַֽיְלַמְּדוּ֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וְעִ֨מָּהֶ֔ם סֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ בְּכָל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַֽיְלַמְּד֖וּ בָּעָֽם׃ | And they taught in Judah, and with them was the book of the law of the Lord. And they went round all the cities of Judah, and they taught among the people. | |
| 2 Chr 17:10 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ פַּ֣חַד יְהוָ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר סְבִיב֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃ | And the fear of the Lord came over all the kingdoms of the countries around Judah, and they did not fight against Jehoshaphat. |
came ← became.
against ← with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 17:11 | וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים מְבִיאִ֧ים לִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט מִנְחָ֖ה וְכֶ֣סֶף מַשָּׂ֑א גַּ֣ם הָֽעַרְבִיאִ֗ים מְבִיאִ֥ים לוֹ֙ צֹ֕אן אֵילִ֔ים שִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ וּשְׁבַ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת וּתְיָשִׁ֕ים שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ | And some of the Philistines brought gifts to Jehoshaphat, and silver as tribute. Also, the Arabs brought him sheep – seven thousand seven hundred rams and seven thousand seven hundred he-goats. | gifts ← a gift. |
| 2 Chr 17:12 | וַיְהִ֧י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֵ֖ל עַד־לְמָ֑עְלָה וַיִּ֧בֶן בִּֽיהוּדָ֛ה בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת וְעָרֵ֥י מִסְכְּנֽוֹת׃ | And Jehoshaphat became greater and greater in the extreme, and he built palaces and storehouse cities in Judah. | became greater and greater in the extreme ← went and became great to upwards. |
| 2 Chr 17:13 | וּמְלָאכָ֥ה רַבָּ֛ה הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֧י מִלְחָמָ֛ה גִּבּ֥וֹרֵי חַ֖יִל בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And he had a lot of business in the cities of Judah, whereas the men of war – the valiant warriors – were in Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 17:14 | וְאֵ֥לֶּה פְקֻדָּתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם לִֽיהוּדָה֙ שָׂרֵ֣י אֲלָפִ֔ים עַדְנָ֣ה הַשָּׂ֔ר וְעִמּוֹ֙ גִּבּ֣וֹרֵי חַ֔יִל שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אָֽלֶף׃ ס | And these were their offices according to their paternal house. For Judah, the commanders of a thousand were Adnah the commander, with whom were three hundred thousand valiant warriors, | |
| 2 Chr 17:15 | וְעַל־יָד֖וֹ יְהוֹחָנָ֣ן הַשָּׂ֑ר וְעִמּ֕וֹ מָאתַ֥יִם וּשְׁמוֹנִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃ ס | and next in line to him was Jehohanan the commander, with whom were two hundred and eighty thousand men, | |
| 2 Chr 17:16 | וְעַל־יָדוֹ֙ עֲמַסְיָ֣ה בֶן־זִכְרִ֔י הַמִּתְנַדֵּ֖ב לַיהוָ֑ה וְעִמּ֛וֹ מָאתַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף גִּבּ֥וֹר חָֽיִל׃ ס | and next in line to him was Amasiah the son of Zichri, who volunteered for the Lord, with whom were two hundred thousand valiant warriors. | |
| 2 Chr 17:17 | וּמִ֨ן־בִּנְיָמִ֔ן גִּבּ֥וֹר חַ֖יִל אֶלְיָדָ֑ע וְעִמּ֛וֹ נֹֽשְׁקֵי־קֶ֥שֶׁת וּמָגֵ֖ן מָאתַ֥יִם אָֽלֶף׃ ס | And from Benjamin was the valiant warrior Eliada, with whom were those armed with bow and buckler – two hundred thousand men, | buckler: see Jer 46:3. |
| 2 Chr 17:18 | וְעַל־יָד֖וֹ יְהוֹזָבָ֑ד וְעִמּ֛וֹ מֵאָֽה־וּשְׁמוֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף חֲלוּצֵ֥י צָבָֽא׃ ס | and next in line to him was Jehozabad, with whom were one hundred and eighty thousand armed soldiers. | armed soldiers ← armed (men) of the army. |
| 2 Chr 17:19 | אֵ֖לֶּה הַמְשָׁרְתִ֣ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ מִלְּבַ֞ד אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ בְּעָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָ֖ר בְּכָל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ פ | These were those who served the king, apart from those whom the king put in the fortified cities all over Judah. | all over ← in all of. |
| 2 Chr 18:1 | וַיְהִ֧י לִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט עֹ֥שֶׁר וְכָב֖וֹד לָרֹ֑ב וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֖ן לְאַחְאָֽב׃ | And Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance, and he contracted an in-law relationship with the family of Ahab. | |
| 2 Chr 18:2 | וַיֵּרֶד֩ לְקֵ֨ץ שָׁנִ֤ים אֶל־אַחְאָב֙ לְשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן וַיִּֽזְבַּֽח־ל֨וֹ אַחְאָ֜ב צֹ֤אן וּבָקָר֙ לָרֹ֔ב וְלָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ וַיְסִיתֵ֕הוּ לַעֲל֖וֹת אֶל־רָמ֥וֹת גִּלְעָֽד׃ | And after a number of years he went down to Ahab, to Samaria, and Ahab sacrificed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people with him, and he induced him to go up to Ramoth-Gilead. | |
| 2 Chr 18:3 | וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אַחְאָ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה הֲתֵלֵ֥ךְ עִמִּ֖י רָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ כָּמ֤וֹנִי כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ וּכְעַמְּךָ֣ עַמִּ֔י וְעִמְּךָ֖ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And Ahab king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat king of Judah, “Will you go with me to Ramoth-Gilead?” And he said to him, “I am as you are, and my people are as your people, and I am with you in the war.” | || 1 Ki 22:4. |
| 2 Chr 18:4 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל דְּרָשׁ־נָ֥א כַיּ֖וֹם אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “Please consult the word of the Lord today.” | || 1 Ki 22:5. |
| 2 Chr 18:5 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֨ץ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אֶֽת־הַנְּבִאִים֮ אַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֣וֹת אִישׁ֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם הֲנֵלֵ֞ךְ אֶל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ עֲלֵ֔ה וְיִתֵּ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king of Israel gathered the prophets – four hundred men – and he asked them, “Should we go to war against Ramoth-Gilead or should I refrain?” And they said, “Go up, and God will deliver it into the king's hand.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:6.
prophets: i.e. false prophets. asked them ← said to them. |
| 2 Chr 18:6 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט הַאֵ֨ין פֹּ֥ה נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה ע֑וֹד וְנִדְרְשָׁ֖ה מֵאֹתֽוֹ׃ | And Jehoshaphat said, “Is there no other prophet of the Lord here for us to inquire of him.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:7.
for us to ← and we will, purposive use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 18:7 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרוֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵֽאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יהוּ כִּֽי־אֵ֠ינֶנּוּ מִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֤י לְטוֹבָה֙ כִּ֣י כָל־יָמָ֣יו לְרָעָ֔ה ה֖וּא מִיכָ֣יְהוּ בֶן־יִמְלָ֑א וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃ | And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “There is one more man from whom one can consult the Lord, but I hate him, because he does not prophesy good about me, but all the time evil. He is Micaiah the son of Imla.” And Jehoshaphat said, “Let the king not say suchlike.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:8.
the time ← his days. suchlike ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 18:8 | וַיִּקְרָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־סָרִ֖יס אֶחָ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַהֵ֖ר *מיכהו **מִיכָ֥יְהוּ בֶן־יִמְלָֽא׃ | And the king of Israel called for a certain eunuch and said, “Bring {Q: Micaiah} [K: Micah] the son of Imla quickly.” |
Micaiah (qeré) ... Micah (ketiv) ← Micaiahu (qeré) ... Micahu (ketiv), but we follow the AV convention of dropping the final syllable in names of this kind.
|| 1 Ki 22:9. a certain ← one. |
| 2 Chr 18:9 | וּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֡ה יוֹשְׁבִים֩ אִ֨ישׁ עַל־כִּסְא֜וֹ מְלֻבָּשִׁ֤ים בְּגָדִים֙ וְיֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּגֹ֔רֶן פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר שֹׁמְר֑וֹן וְכָל־הַ֨נְּבִיאִ֔ים מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah were each sitting on his throne, dressed in royal clothes, and they were sitting in a threshing hall at the entrance of the Gate of Samaria, and all the prophets were prophesying in their presence. |
|| 1 Ki 22:10.
threshing hall: this is the usual meaning. [BDB], [ST], [AnLx] give alternatives for this verse: open place, forum. |
| 2 Chr 18:10 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ צִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ | And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made himself some iron horns, and he said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘With these you will butt the Aramaeans until you have finished them off.’ ” |
|| 1 Ki 22:11.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 18:11 | וְכָל־הַ֨נְּבִאִ֔ים נִבְּאִ֥ים כֵּ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲלֵ֞ה רָמֹ֤ת גִּלְעָד֙ וְהַצְלַ֔ח וְנָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And all the prophets prophesied likewise and said, “Go up to Ramoth-Gilead and have success, and the Lord will deliver it into the king's hand.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:12.
likewise ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 18:12 | וְהַמַּלְאָ֞ךְ אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣ךְ ׀ לִקְרֹ֣א לְמִיכָ֗יְהוּ דִּבֶּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֞ה דִּבְרֵ֧י הַנְּבִאִ֛ים פֶּֽה־אֶחָ֥ד ט֖וֹב אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וִֽיהִי־נָ֧א דְבָרְךָ֛ כְּאַחַ֥ד מֵהֶ֖ם וְדִבַּ֥רְתָּ טּֽוֹב׃ | Then the messenger who had gone to fetch Micaiah spoke to him and said, “These are the unanimously favourable words of the prophets to the king. Now may your word be similar to any one of them, and speak favourably.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:13.
fetch ← call. these are ← behold. unanimously ← one mouth. |
| 2 Chr 18:13 | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִיכָ֑יְהוּ חַי־יְהוָ֕ה כִּ֛י אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־יֹאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהַ֖י אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃ | But Micaiah said, “As the Lord lives, rather, it is what my God says that I will speak.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:14.
rather ← nevertheless; but; for. |
| 2 Chr 18:14 | וַיָּבֹא֮ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֵלָ֗יו מִיכָה֙ הֲנֵלֵ֞ךְ אֶל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָ֛ד לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אִם־אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ עֲל֣וּ וְהַצְלִ֔יחוּ וְיִנָּתְנ֖וּ בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ | And when he went to the king, the king said to him, “Micaiah, should we go to Ramoth-Gilead to war, or should I refrain?” And he said, “Go up and have success, and they will be delivered into your hand.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:15.
Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. your: plural. Micaiah is speaking ↴ |
| 2 Chr 18:15 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַד־כַּמֶּ֥ה פְעָמִ֖ים אֲנִ֣י מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י רַק־אֱמֶ֖ת בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | Then the king said to him, “How many times must I adjure you not to tell me anything except the truth in the name of the Lord?” |
↳ satirically, which Ahab recognizes (see next verse).
|| 1 Ki 22:16. except ← only. |
| 2 Chr 18:16 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפוֹצִ֣ים עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ן רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | Then he said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep which do not have a shepherd, and the Lord said, ‘These do not have a master. Let them all return to their homes in peace.’ ” |
|| 1 Ki 22:17.
all ← each, but a plural verb. their homes ← his home. |
| 2 Chr 18:17 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט הֲלֹא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ לֹא־יִתְנַבֵּ֥א עָלַ֛י ט֖וֹב כִּ֥י אִם־לְרָֽע׃ ס | At this the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn't I tell you that he wouldn't prophesy good about me, but evil?” |
|| 1 Ki 22:18.
at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 18:18 | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָכֵ֖ן שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֑ה רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־יְהוָה֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ וְכָל־צְבָ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ עֹֽמְדִ֔ים עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ וּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃ | And Micaiah said, “So hear the word of the Lord. I saw the Lord sitting on his throne, with the whole host of heaven standing in attendance to him on his right and on his left. | || 1 Ki 22:19. |
| 2 Chr 18:19 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה מִ֤י יְפַתֶּה֙ אֶת־אַחְאָ֣ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיַ֕עַל וְיִפֹּ֖ל בְּרָמ֣וֹת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר זֶ֚ה אֹמֵ֣ר כָּ֔כָה וְזֶ֖ה אֹמֵ֥ר כָּֽכָה׃ | And the Lord said, ‘Who will entice Ahab king of Israel to go up and attack Ramoth-Gilead?’ And he said, ‘One says this, and another says that.’ |
|| 1 Ki 22:20.
attack: AV differs (fall at), also possible. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Chr 18:20 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א הָר֗וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲנִ֣י אֲפַתֶּ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו בַּמָּֽה׃ | And a spirit went out and stood before the Lord, and it said, ‘I will entice him.’ And the Lord said to it, ‘By what means?’ |
|| 1 Ki 22:21.
a spirit ← the spirit. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. |
| 2 Chr 18:21 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵצֵא֙ וְהָיִ֙יתִי֙ לְר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י כָּל־נְבִיאָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר תְּפַתֶּה֙ וְגַם־תּוּכָ֔ל צֵ֖א וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵֽן׃ | And it said, ‘I will go out, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.’ And he said, ‘You may entice him, and indeed you will be able to. Go out and do so.’ | || 1 Ki 22:22. |
| 2 Chr 18:22 | וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֤ן יְהוָה֙ ר֣וּחַ שֶׁ֔קֶר בְּפִ֖י נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ רָעָֽה׃ ס | So now you see that the Lord has put a lying spirit in the mouth of these prophets of yours, and the Lord has pronounced evil concerning you.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:23.
you see that ← behold. pronounced ← spoken. |
| 2 Chr 18:23 | וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֔ה וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־מִיכָ֖יְהוּ עַל־הַלֶּ֑חִי וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֣י זֶ֤ה הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ עָבַ֧ר רֽוּחַ־יְהוָ֛ה מֵאִתִּ֖י לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֹתָֽךְ׃ | Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah approached and struck Micaiah on the cheek and said, “Which way did the spirit of the Lord pass from me when I spoke to you?” |
|| 1 Ki 22:24.
when I spoke ← in speaking ← to speak. |
| 2 Chr 18:24 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ הִנְּךָ֥ רֹאֶ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּב֛וֹא חֶ֥דֶר בְּחֶ֖דֶר לְהֵחָבֵֽא׃ | And Micaiah said, “You will see just that on that day when you go into an inner room to hide.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:25.
you will see just that ← behold you seeing. inner room ← a room in a room. |
| 2 Chr 18:25 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קְחוּ֙ אֶת־מִיכָ֔יְהוּ וַהֲשִׁיבֻ֖הוּ אֶל־אָמ֣וֹן שַׂר־הָעִ֑יר וְאֶל־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בֶּן־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the king of Israel said, “Seize Micaiah and take him back to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king's son, | || 1 Ki 22:26. |
| 2 Chr 18:26 | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שִׂ֥ימוּ זֶ֖ה בֵּ֣ית הַכֶּ֑לֶא וְהַאֲכִלֻ֜הוּ לֶ֤חֶם לַ֙חַץ֙ וּמַ֣יִם לַ֔חַץ עַ֖ד שׁוּבִ֥י בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ | and say, ‘This is what the king says: «Put this man in prison and feed him on baneful bread and water until I return in peace.» ’ ” |
|| 1 Ki 22:27.
this is what ← thus. baneful bread and water ← bread of affliction and water of affliction. |
| 2 Chr 18:27 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִיכָ֔יְהוּ אִם־שׁ֤וֹב תָּשׁוּב֙ בְּשָׁל֔וֹם לֹא־דִבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בִּ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר שִׁמְע֖וּ עַמִּ֥ים כֻּלָּֽם׃ פ | Then Micaiah said, “Whether you will come back at all in peace, the Lord hasn't pronounced on through me.” And he said, “Pay heed, all you various peoples.” |
|| 1 Ki 22:28.
you will come back at all: infinitive absolute. pronounced on ← spoken. |
| 2 Chr 18:28 | וַיַּ֧עַל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה אֶל־רָמֹ֥ת גִּלְעָֽד׃ | Then the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah went up to Ramoth-Gilead. |
|| 1 Ki 22:29.
Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. |
| 2 Chr 18:29 | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט הִתְחַפֵּשׂ֙ וָב֣וֹא בַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לְבַ֣שׁ בְּגָדֶ֑יךָ וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “It is time to disguise oneself and go into the battle, but you wear your royal clothes.” And the king of Israel disguised himself, and they went into battle. | || 1 Ki 22:30. |
| 2 Chr 18:30 | וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּה֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֤כֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־הַקָּטֹ֖ן אֶת־הַגָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | And the king of Aramaea instructed his chariot fleet commanders and said, “Do not fight with small or with great, but rather with the king of Israel only.” | || 1 Ki 22:31. |
| 2 Chr 18:31 | וַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֤מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֤ק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ וַֽיהוָ֣ה עֲזָר֔וֹ וַיְסִיתֵ֥ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | Then it came to pass, when the chariot fleet commanders saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, “He is the king of Israel.” And they turned towards him to do battle, but Jehoshaphat shouted out, and the Lord helped him, and God induced them to leave him. |
|| 1 Ki 22:32.
to leave him ← from him. |
| 2 Chr 18:32 | וַיְהִ֗י כִּרְאוֹת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרֶ֔כֶב כִּ֥י לֹא־הָיָ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when the commanders of the chariot fleet saw that he was not the king of Israel, that they stopped pursuing him. |
|| 1 Ki 22:33.
stopped pursuing him ← returned from after him. |
| 2 Chr 18:33 | וְאִ֗ישׁ מָשַׁ֤ךְ בַּקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לְתֻמּ֔וֹ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בֵּ֥ין הַדְּבָקִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ין הַשִּׁרְיָ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָֽרַכָּ֗ב הֲפֹ֧ךְ *ידיך **יָדְךָ֛ וְהוֹצֵאתַ֥נִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כִּ֥י הָחֳלֵֽיתִי׃ | Meanwhile a man drew his bow in his innocence, and he hit the king of Israel through the joints between the armour plates. And he said to the chariot driver, “Steer and get me out of the battle theatre, for I have been wounded.” |
steer ← turn your {K: hands} [Q: hand].
|| 1 Ki 22:34. through the joints between the armour plates ← between the joints and the armour. |
| 2 Chr 18:34 | וַתַּ֤עַל הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וּמֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָיָ֨ה מַעֲמִ֧יד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה נֹ֥כַח אֲרָ֖ם עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וַיָּ֕מָת לְעֵ֖ת בּ֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ | And the battle intensified on that day, and the king of Israel was propping himself up in the chariot in front of the Aramaeans until the evening, and he died at the time of sunset. |
|| 1 Ki 22:35.
was propping himself up: or, with [AnLx], was standing still. |
| 2 Chr 19:1 | וַ֠יָּשָׁב יְהוֹשָׁפָ֨ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֧ה אֶל־בֵּית֛וֹ בְּשָׁל֖וֹם לִֽירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then Jehoshaphat king of Judah returned to his house in Jerusalem in peace. | |
| 2 Chr 19:2 | וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֶל־פָּנָ֗יו יֵה֣וּא בֶן־חֲנָ֘נִי֮ הַחֹזֶה֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֔ט הֲלָרָשָׁ֣ע לַעְזֹ֔ר וּלְשֹׂנְאֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה תֶּאֱהָ֑ב וּבָזֹאת֙ עָלֶ֣יךָ קֶּ֔צֶף מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ | And Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to confront him, and he said to King Jehoshaphat, “Is it right to help the wicked, and will you love those who hate the Lord? And for this reason there is anger from the Lord on you. | to confront him ← to his face. |
| 2 Chr 19:3 | אֲבָ֕ל דְּבָרִ֥ים טוֹבִ֖ים נִמְצְא֣וּ עִמָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־בִעַ֤רְתָּ הָאֲשֵׁרוֹת֙ מִן־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַהֲכִינ֥וֹתָ לְבָבְךָ֖ לִדְרֹ֥שׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | But some good things have been found in you, for you have burned the phallic parks in the land, and you have prepared your heart to seek God.” |
in you ← with you.
in the land ← from the land. |
| 2 Chr 19:4 | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם ס וַיָּ֜שָׁב וַיֵּצֵ֣א בָעָ֗ם מִבְּאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֙בַע֙ עַד־הַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיְשִׁיבֵ֕ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And Jehoshaphat lived in Jerusalem, and he went out again among the people from Beersheba to Mount Ephraim, and he brought them back to the Lord God of their fathers. | |
| 2 Chr 19:5 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֨ד שֹֽׁפְטִ֜ים בָּאָ֗רֶץ בְּכָל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת לְעִ֥יר וָעִֽיר׃ | And he set up judges in the land – in all the fortified cities of Judah – city by city. | |
| 2 Chr 19:6 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־הַשֹּֽׁפְטִ֗ים רְאוּ֙ מָֽה־אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים כִּ֣י לֹ֧א לְאָדָ֛ם תִּשְׁפְּט֖וּ כִּ֣י לַיהוָ֑ה וְעִמָּכֶ֖ם בִּדְבַ֥ר מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ | And he said to the judges, “Watch what you do, for you will not be judging for man, but for the Lord, and may he be with you in the matter of judgment. | |
| 2 Chr 19:7 | וְעַתָּ֕ה יְהִ֥י פַֽחַד־יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שִׁמְר֣וּ וַעֲשׂ֔וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֞ין עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עַוְלָ֛ה וּמַשֹּׂ֥א פָנִ֖ים וּמִקַּח־שֹֽׁחַד׃ | And now, may the fear of the Lord be upon you. Be on your guard and act, for with the Lord our God there is no injustice or partiality or taking bribes.” | partiality ← taking up of face. |
| 2 Chr 19:8 | וְגַ֣ם בִּ֠ירוּשָׁלִַם הֶעֱמִ֨יד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֜ט מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֣ם וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וּמֵרָאשֵׁ֤י הָאָבוֹת֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָ֖ה וְלָרִ֑יב וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Also in Jerusalem Jehoshaphat appointed men from the Levites and the priests, and from the paternal heads of Israel, for the Lord's judgment and for disputes. So they returned to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 19:9 | וַיְצַ֥ו עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֤ה תַעֲשׂוּן֙ בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה בֶּאֱמוּנָ֖ה וּבְלֵבָ֥ב שָׁלֵֽם׃ | And he gave commandment concerning them and said, “This is what you will do in the fear of the Lord, in faith, and with a sincere heart, | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 19:10 | וְכָל־רִיב֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָב֨וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם מֵאֲחֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֣ים בְּעָרֵיהֶ֗ם בֵּֽין־דָּ֣ם ׀ לְדָם֮ בֵּין־תּוֹרָ֣ה לְמִצְוָה֮ לְחֻקִּ֣ים וּלְמִשְׁפָּטִים֒ וְהִזְהַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם וְלֹ֤א יֶאְשְׁמוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וְהָֽיָה־קֶ֥צֶף עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְעַל־אֲחֵיכֶ֑ם כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן וְלֹ֥א תֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃ | with every dispute which comes before you from your brothers who live in your cities, between blood relations, whether about law or commandment or statutes or judgments: you will warn them not to transgress against the Lord, or wrath will come over you and over your brothers. You shall do this, and you shall not transgress. |
blood relations ← blood and blood.
whether about ... or ← between ... and, but also whether ... or. come ← become, be. over you and over your brothers: perhaps standing for over them and over ↴ this ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 19:11 | וְהִנֵּ֡ה אֲמַרְיָ֣הוּ כֹהֵן֩ הָרֹ֨אשׁ עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם לְכֹ֣ל דְּבַר־יְהוָ֗ה וּזְבַדְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יִשְׁמָעֵ֜אל הַנָּגִ֤יד לְבֵית־יְהוּדָה֙ לְכֹ֣ל דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְשֹׁטְרִ֥ים הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם חִזְק֣וּ וַעֲשׂ֔וּ וִיהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־הַטּֽוֹב׃ פ | And look, Amariah the high priest is over you in every matter concerning the Lord, as is Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the leader of the house of Judah, for every matter concerning the king, and as magistrates there are the Levites at your disposal. Take courage and act and may the Lord be with what is good.” |
↳ their brothers, as if reported speech of you ... your.
matter concerning (2x) ← matter of. Wider use of the construct state. at your disposal ← before you. |
| 2 Chr 20:1 | וַיְהִ֣י אַֽחֲרֵיכֵ֡ן בָּ֣אוּ בְנֵי־מוֹאָב֩ וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹן וְעִמָּהֶ֧ם ׀ מֵֽהָעַמּוֹנִ֛ים עַל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ | And it came to pass after this, that the sons of Moab and the sons of Ammon, and with them some of the Ammonites, went to war against Jehoshaphat. | The distinction between sons of Ammon and Ammonites is not clear. |
| 2 Chr 20:2 | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ וַיַּגִּ֤ידוּ לִֽיהוֹשָׁפָט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בָּ֣א עָלֶ֜יךָ הָמ֥וֹן רָ֛ב מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיָּ֖ם מֵאֲרָ֑ם וְהִנָּם֙ בְּחַֽצְצ֣וֹן תָּמָ֔ר הִ֖יא עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי׃ | And informers came and told Jehoshaphat and said, “A large multitude is coming against you from across the sea – from Aramaea – and they are already in Hazezon-Tamar, which is En-Gedi.” |
they are already ← behold them.
Hazezon-Tamar: AV= Hazazon-tamar here, but Hazezon-Tamar in Gen 14:7. |
| 2 Chr 20:3 | וַיִּרָ֕א וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו לִדְר֣וֹשׁ לַיהוָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָא־צ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And Jehoshaphat was afraid, and he resolved to seek the Lord, and he proclaimed a fast over all of Judah. | resolved ← set his face. |
| 2 Chr 20:4 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ יְהוּדָ֔ה לְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מֵֽיְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם מִכָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה בָּ֖אוּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ | So Judah gathered to seek instructions from the Lord, and people also came from all the cities of Judah to seek the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 20:5 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט בִּקְהַ֧ל יְהוּדָ֛ה וִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֖י הֶחָצֵ֥ר הַחֲדָשָֽׁה׃ | And Jehoshaphat stood in the convocation of Judah and Jerusalem in the house of the Lord, in front of the new court. | |
| 2 Chr 20:6 | וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ הֲלֹ֨א אַתָּֽה־ה֤וּא אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְאַתָּ֣ה מוֹשֵׁ֔ל בְּכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וּבְיָדְךָ֙ כֹּ֣חַ וּגְבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין עִמְּךָ֖ לְהִתְיַצֵּֽב׃ | And he said, “O Lord God of our fathers, are you not God in heaven and ruler over all the kingdoms of the nations? And in your hand is power and might, and there is no-one who can match you. | match you ← station themselves with you. |
| 2 Chr 20:7 | הֲלֹ֣א ׀ אַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ הוֹרַ֙שְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִלִּפְנֵ֖י עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽתִּתְּנָ֗הּ לְזֶ֛רַע אַבְרָהָ֥ם אֹֽהַבְךָ֖ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | Are you not our God, who disinherited the inhabitants of this land in the presence of your people Israel and gave it to the seed of Abraham your friend age-abidingly? | James 2:23. |
| 2 Chr 20:8 | וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ־בָ֑הּ וַיִּבְנ֨וּ לְךָ֧ ׀ בָּ֛הּ מִקְדָּ֖שׁ לְשִׁמְךָ֥ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And they lived in it, and they built a holy place for your name in it for you, and they said, | |
| 2 Chr 20:9 | אִם־תָּב֨וֹא עָלֵ֜ינוּ רָעָ֗ה חֶרֶב֮ שְׁפוֹט֮ וְדֶ֣בֶר וְרָעָב֒ נַֽעַמְדָ֞ה לִפְנֵ֨י הַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ וּלְפָנֶ֔יךָ כִּ֥י שִׁמְךָ֖ בַּבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּ֑ה וְנִזְעַ֥ק אֵלֶ֛יךָ מִצָּרָתֵ֖נוּ וְתִשְׁמַ֥ע וְתוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ | ‘If evil comes upon us – the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine – we will stand before this house and before you, for your name is in this house, and we will cry out to you because of our distress, then do hear us and save us.’ | |
| 2 Chr 20:10 | וְעַתָּ֡ה הִנֵּה֩ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּמוֹאָ֜ב וְהַר־שֵׂעִ֗יר אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־נָתַ֤תָּה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לָב֣וֹא בָהֶ֔ם בְּבֹאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֛י סָ֥רוּ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א הִשְׁמִידֽוּם׃ | And now, look at the sons of Ammon and Moab and Mount Seir, whom you did not allow Israel to attack when they came from the land of Egypt, so they kept away from them and did not destroy them. |
look at ← behold.
to attack ← to come against. kept away ← departed from. |
| 2 Chr 20:11 | וְהִ֨נֵּה־הֵ֔ם גֹּמְלִ֖ים עָלֵ֑ינוּ לָבוֹא֙ לְגָ֣רְשֵׁ֔נוּ מִיְּרֻשָּׁתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֽוֹרַשְׁתָּֽנוּ׃ | And here they are requiting us by coming to drive us out of your inheritance which you legated to us. |
here they are ← behold them.
by coming: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 20:12 | אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ הֲלֹ֣א תִשְׁפָּט־בָּ֔ם כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֙נוּ֙ כֹּ֔חַ לִ֠פְנֵי הֶהָמ֥וֹן הָרָ֛ב הַזֶּ֖ה הַבָּ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֤א נֵדַע֙ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֥י עָלֶ֖יךָ עֵינֵֽינוּ׃ | O God of ours, will you not pass judgment on them, for we do not have the strength in the face of this large multitude which is coming against us, and we do not know what we should do, but our eyes are directed to you.” | |
| 2 Chr 20:13 | וְכָ֨ל־יְהוּדָ֔ה עֹמְדִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה גַּם־טַפָּ֖ם נְשֵׁיהֶ֥ם וּבְנֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And all of Judah was standing before the Lord, including their little ones, their wives and their sons. | |
| 2 Chr 20:14 | וְיַחֲזִיאֵ֡ל בֶּן־זְכַרְיָ֡הוּ בֶּן־בְּ֠נָיָה בֶּן־יְעִיאֵ֧ל בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָ֛ה הַלֵּוִ֖י מִן־בְּנֵ֣י אָסָ֑ף הָיְתָ֤ה עָלָיו֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ הַקָּהָֽל׃ | Then the spirit of the Lord came on Jahaziel, the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah the Levite, of the sons of Asaph, in the midst of the convocation, | |
| 2 Chr 20:15 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקְשִׁ֤יבוּ כָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לָכֶ֗ם אַ֠תֶּם אַל־תִּֽירְא֤וּ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֨י הֶהָמ֤וֹן הָרָב֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָכֶ֛ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כִּ֥י לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ | and he said, “Listen, all Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem, and King Jehoshaphat. This is what the Lord says to you: ‘Don't you be afraid and do not fear this large multitude, for it is not with you that the war is, but with God. | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 20:16 | מָחָר֙ רְד֣וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם הִנָּ֥ם עֹלִ֖ים בְּמַעֲלֵ֣ה הַצִּ֑יץ וּמְצָאתֶ֤ם אֹתָם֙ בְּס֣וֹף הַנַּ֔חַל פְּנֵ֖י מִדְבַּ֥ר יְרוּאֵֽל׃ | Go down against them tomorrow. Look, they are coming up by the Ascent of Ziz, and you will find them at the end of the brook facing the Desert of Jeruel. | |
| 2 Chr 20:17 | לֹ֥א לָכֶ֖ם לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בָּזֹ֑את הִתְיַצְּב֣וּ עִמְד֡וּ וּרְא֣וּ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַת֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֜ם יְהוּדָ֣ה וִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֔תּוּ מָחָר֙ צְא֣וּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיהוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם׃ | It is not up to you to fight this matter. Station yourselves and stand and watch the salvation of the Lord, who is with you, O Judah and Jerusalem. Do not be afraid and do not fear. Go out tomorrow to confront them, and the Lord will be with you.’ ” | stand and watch the salvation (etc.): compare Ex 14:13. |
| 2 Chr 20:18 | וַיִּקֹּ֧ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֞ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם נָֽפְלוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת לַיהוָֽה׃ | And Jehoshaphat bowed down face to the ground, and all of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell down before the Lord in worshipping the Lord. | in worshipping: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 20:19 | וַיָּקֻ֧מוּ הַלְוִיִּ֛ם מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַקְּהָתִ֖ים וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י הַקָּרְחִ֑ים לְהַלֵּ֗ל לַיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | And the Levites of the sons of the Kohathites, and of the sons of the Korhites, arose to praise the Lord God of Israel, raising a loud voice. | raising a loud voice ← with a great voice upwards. |
| 2 Chr 20:20 | וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֵּצְא֖וּ לְמִדְבַּ֣ר תְּק֑וֹעַ וּבְצֵאתָ֞ם עָמַ֣ד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שְׁמָע֗וּנִי יְהוּדָה֙ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הַאֲמִ֜ינוּ בַּיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ וְתֵ֣אָמֵ֔נוּ הַאֲמִ֥ינוּ בִנְבִיאָ֖יו וְהַצְלִֽיחוּ׃ | And they arose early in the morning and went out to the Desert of Tekoa, and as they went out, Jehoshaphat stood and said, “Listen to me, O Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem. Believe in the Lord your God and be faithful. Believe his prophets and prosper.” |
be faithful: or be established.
believe his prophets ← believe in his prophets. |
| 2 Chr 20:21 | וַיִּוָּעַץ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיַּעֲמֵ֤ד מְשֹֽׁרֲרִים֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וּֽמְהַֽלְלִ֖ים לְהַדְרַת־קֹ֑דֶשׁ בְּצֵאת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הֶֽחָל֔וּץ וְאֹֽמְרִים֙ הוֹד֣וּ לַיהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
And he took counsel together with the people, and he stationed singers to the Lord, and psalm-singers, to the splendour of the holy event – when they went out to confront the armed body – as they said,
“Praise the Lord, For his kindness is age-abiding.” |
|
| 2 Chr 20:22 | וּבְעֵת֩ הֵחֵ֨לּוּ בְרִנָּ֜ה וּתְהִלָּ֗ה נָתַ֣ן יְהוָ֣ה ׀ מְ֠אָֽרְבִים עַל־בְּנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹן מוֹאָ֧ב וְהַר־שֵׂעִ֛יר הַבָּאִ֥ים לִֽיהוּדָ֖ה וַיִּנָּגֵֽפוּ׃ | And at that time when they began the joyful singing and praise, the Lord placed ambushers against the sons of Ammon, Moab and Mount Seir who were coming to Judah, and they were struck down. | |
| 2 Chr 20:23 | וַ֠יַּֽעַמְדוּ בְּנֵ֨י עַמּ֧וֹן וּמוֹאָ֛ב עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הַר־שֵׂעִ֖יר לְהַחֲרִ֣ים וּלְהַשְׁמִ֑יד וּכְכַלּוֹתָם֙ בְּיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י שֵׂעִ֔יר עָזְר֥וּ אִישׁ־בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְמַשְׁחִֽית׃ | And the sons of Ammon and Moab stood against the inhabitants of Mount Seir, to obliterate and destroy them, and when they had exterminated the inhabitants of Seir, each one helped to bring his neighbour's downfall. | each one helped to bring his neighbour's downfall ← they helped each at his neighbour as the ruiner. |
| 2 Chr 20:24 | וִֽיהוּדָ֛ה בָּ֥א עַל־הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה לַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־הֶ֣הָמ֔וֹן וְהִנָּ֧ם פְּגָרִ֛ים נֹפְלִ֥ים אַ֖רְצָה וְאֵ֥ין פְּלֵיטָֽה׃ | Then when Judah came to the watchtower overlooking the desert, they cast their eyes on the large multitude, and what they saw was that they were corpses, having fallen to the ground, and that there was no escaped remnant. |
overlooking ← to.
cast their eyes on ← turned to. what they saw was that they were ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 20:25 | וַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט וְעַמּוֹ֮ לָבֹ֣ז אֶת־שְׁלָלָם֒ וַיִּמְצְאוּ֩ בָהֶ֨ם לָרֹ֜ב וּרְכ֤וּשׁ וּפְגָרִים֙ וּכְלֵ֣י חֲמֻד֔וֹת וַיְנַצְּל֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם לְאֵ֣ין מַשָּׂ֑א וַיִּֽהְי֞וּ יָמִ֧ים שְׁלוֹשָׁ֛ה בֹּזְזִ֥ים אֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ל כִּ֥י רַב־הֽוּא׃ | And when Jehoshaphat and his people came to take spoil from them, they found among them in abundance both valuables and corpses and desirable objects, and they stripped them for themselves to the point of being unable to carry them, and they spent three days taking the spoil, for it was great. |
spoil from them ← their spoil. Either the spoil on those defeated, or, possibly, the spoil which the victors would get.
they spent three days ← they were three days. taking the spoil ← spoiling the spoil. |
| 2 Chr 20:26 | וּבַיּ֣וֹם הָרְבִעִ֗י נִקְהֲלוּ֙ לְעֵ֣מֶק בְּרָכָ֔ה כִּי־שָׁ֖ם בֵּרֲכ֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֡ן קָֽרְא֞וּ אֶת־שֵׁ֨ם הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֛וּא עֵ֥מֶק בְּרָכָ֖ה עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ | And on the fourth day they assembled in the Valley of Berachah, for they blessed the Lord there, which is why they call that place the Valley of Berachah, as it is up to this day. | |
| 2 Chr 20:27 | וַ֠יָּשֻׁבוּ כָּל־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֤ה וִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וִֽיהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט בְּרֹאשָׁ֔ם לָשׁ֥וּב אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בְּשִׂמְחָ֑ה כִּֽי־שִׂמְּחָ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מֵֽאוֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | And every man of Judah and Jerusalem returned, with Jehoshaphat at their head, so as to return to Jerusalem with joy, because the Lord had made them rejoice over their enemies. | over their enemies ← from their enemies. |
| 2 Chr 20:28 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּנְבָלִ֥ים וּבְכִנֹּר֖וֹת וּבַחֲצֹצְר֑וֹת אֶל־בֵּ֖ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And they arrived in Jerusalem with lutes and with harps and with trumpets at the house of the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 20:29 | וַיְהִי֙ פַּ֣חַד אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַ֖ל כָּל־מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת בְּשָׁמְעָ֕ם כִּ֚י נִלְחַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עִ֖ם אוֹיְבֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the fear of God came on all the kingdoms of the various countries when they heard that the Lord had fought against the enemies of Israel. |
came ← became.
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 20:30 | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֖ט מַלְכ֣וּת יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וַיָּ֧נַֽח ל֦וֹ אֱלֹהָ֖יו מִסָּבִֽיב׃ פ | And Jehoshaphat's kingdom was quiet, and his God gave him rest all round. | |
| 2 Chr 20:31 | וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁים֩ וְחָמֵ֨שׁ שָׁנָ֜ה בְּמָלְכ֗וֹ וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ מָלַ֣ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ עֲזוּבָ֖ה בַּת־שִׁלְחִֽי׃ | And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah. He was thirty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for twenty-five years. And the name of his mother was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi. | || 1 Ki 22:41, 1 Ki 22:42. |
| 2 Chr 20:32 | וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֛רֶךְ אָבִ֥יו אָסָ֖א וְלֹא־סָ֣ר מִמֶּ֑נָּה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he walked in the way of his father Asa, and he did not deviate from it, in doing what was right in the eyes of the Lord. |
|| 1 Ki 22:43.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 20:33 | אַ֥ךְ הַבָּמ֖וֹת לֹא־סָ֑רוּ וְע֤וֹד הָעָם֙ לֹא־הֵכִ֣ינוּ לְבָבָ֔ם לֵאלֹהֵ֖י אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | But the idolatrous raised sites were not removed, and the people still had not prepared their hearts for the God of their fathers. |
|| 1 Ki 22:44 (1 Ki 22:43AV).
were not removed ← did not depart. Qal for passive of hiphil. |
| 2 Chr 20:34 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֔ט הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאַחֲרֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים בְּדִבְרֵי֙ יֵה֣וּא בֶן־חֲנָ֔נִי אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֹֽעֲלָ֔ה עַל־סֵ֖פֶר מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Jehoshaphat – the first and the last – they are to be seen written in the Chronicles of Jehu the Son of Hanani, who is recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel. |
|| 1 Ki 22:46 (1 Ki 22:45AV).
they are to be seen ← behold them. who is recorded ← who / which has been raised / enrolled. Singular, so less likely to refer to the affairs or the Chronicles. |
| 2 Chr 20:35 | וְאַחֲרֵיכֵ֗ן אֶתְחַבַּר֙ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֔ה עִ֖ם אֲחַזְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ה֖וּא הִרְשִׁ֥יעַ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ | And after that Jehoshaphat the king of Judah allied himself with Ahaziah the king of Israel. He acted wrongly in doing this. |
allied himself: an Aramaic verbal form.
in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs (... with Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly). The ↴ |
| 2 Chr 20:36 | וַיְחַבְּרֵ֣הוּ עִמּ֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת אֳנִיּ֖וֹת לָלֶ֣כֶת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֳנִיּ֖וֹת בְּעֶצְי֥וֹן גָּֽבֶר׃ | And he allied himself to him to make ships to go to Tarshish, and they made ships in Ezion-Geber. |
↳ wrongdoing is attributed to Jehoshaphat in 2 Chr 20:37.
|| 1 Ki 22:49 (1 Ki 22:48AV). Ezion-Geber: see Num 33:35. |
| 2 Chr 20:37 | וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֞א אֱלִיעֶ֤זֶר בֶּן־דֹּדָוָ֙הוּ֙ מִמָּ֣רֵשָׁ֔ה עַל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּהִֽתְחַבֶּרְךָ֣ עִם־אֲחַזְיָ֗הוּ פָּרַ֤ץ יְהוָה֙ אֶֽת־מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ וַיִּשָּׁבְר֣וּ אֳנִיּ֔וֹת וְלֹ֥א עָצְר֖וּ לָלֶ֥כֶת אֶל־תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃ | Then Eliezer the son of Dodavah of Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat and said, “Because of you allying yourself with Ahaziah, the Lord has thwarted your affairs.” And the ships were broken, and they were not able to go to Tarshish. |
allying yourself: gerundial use of the infinitive.
thwarted ← broken. were not able ← did not retain (strength). |
| 2 Chr 21:1 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹרָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ | And Jehoshaphat lay with his fathers, and with his fathers he was buried, in the City of David, and Jehoram his son reigned in his place. |
|| 1 Ki 22:51 (1 Ki 22:50AV).
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| 2 Chr 21:2 | וְלֽוֹ־אַחִ֞ים בְּנֵ֣י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט עֲזַרְיָ֤ה וִֽיחִיאֵל֙ וּזְכַרְיָ֣הוּ וַעֲזַרְיָ֔הוּ וּמִיכָאֵ֖ל וּשְׁפַטְיָ֑הוּ כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֥לֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he had brothers – the sons of Jehoshaphat – Azariah and Jehiel and Zechariah and Azariah and Michael and Shephatiah. All these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel. | |
| 2 Chr 21:3 | וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֣ם ׀ אֲ֠בִיהֶם מַתָּנ֨וֹת רַבּ֜וֹת לְכֶ֤סֶף וּלְזָהָב֙ וּלְמִגְדָּנ֔וֹת עִם־עָרֵ֥י מְצֻר֖וֹת בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָ֛ה נָתַ֥ן לִֽיהוֹרָ֖ם כִּי־ה֥וּא הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ פ | And their father gave them many gifts of silver and of gold, and valuable items, with fortified cities in Judah, but he gave the kingdom to Jehoram, because he was the firstborn. | |
| 2 Chr 21:4 | וַיָּ֨קָם יְהוֹרָ֜ם עַל־מַמְלֶ֤כַת אָבִיו֙ וַיִּתְחַזַּ֔ק וַיַּהֲרֹ֥ג אֶת־כָּל־אֶחָ֖יו בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְגַ֖ם מִשָּׂרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And when Jehoram had become established in his father's kingdom, he emboldened himself and killed all his brothers with the sword, and also some of the senior officials of Israel. | |
| 2 Chr 21:5 | בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֛יִם שָׁנָ֖ה יְהוֹרָ֣ם בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁמוֹנֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for eight years in Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 8:17. |
| 2 Chr 21:6 | וַיֵּ֜לֶךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֔ב כִּ֚י בַּת־אַחְאָ֔ב הָ֥יְתָה לּ֖וֹ אִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as the house of Ahab did, for his wife was Ahab's daughter, and he did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 8:18. |
| 2 Chr 21:7 | וְלֹא־אָבָ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה לְהַשְׁחִית֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֔יד לְמַ֣עַן הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת לְדָוִ֑יד וְכַאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗ר לָתֵ֨ת ל֥וֹ נִ֛יר וּלְבָנָ֖יו כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ | But the Lord was not willing to bring ruin on the house of David, for the sake of the covenant which he had made for David, and according to how he had said he would give him and his sons a lamp continually. |
|| 2 Ki 8:19.
made ← cut. continually ← all the days. |
| 2 Chr 21:8 | בְּיָמָיו֙ פָּשַׁ֣ע אֱד֔וֹם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃ | In his days Edom rebelled against Judah's control, and they appointed a king over themselves. |
|| 2 Ki 8:20.
against ← from under. control ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 21:9 | וַיַּֽעֲבֹ֤ר יְהוֹרָם֙ עִם־שָׂרָ֔יו וְכָל־הָרֶ֖כֶב עִמּ֑וֹ וַיְהִי֙ קָ֣ם לַ֔יְלָה וַיַּ֗ךְ אֶת־אֱדוֹם֙ הַסּוֹבֵ֣ב אֵלָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת שָׂרֵ֥י הָרָֽכֶב׃ | And Jehoram crossed over with his commanders, and with him was the whole chariot fleet, and it came to pass that he arose in the night and attacked Edom which was surrounding him, and the chariot commanders. | || 2 Ki 8:21. |
| 2 Chr 21:10 | וַיִּפְשַׁ֨ע אֱד֜וֹם מִתַּ֣חַת יַד־יְהוּדָ֗ה עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אָ֣ז תִּפְשַׁ֥ע לִבְנָ֛ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא מִתַּ֣חַת יָד֑וֹ כִּ֣י עָזַ֔ב אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | So Edom rebelled against Judah's control, as it is up to this day. Then Libnah rebelled, at that time, against his control, because he had forsaken the Lord God of his fathers. |
|| 2 Ki 8:22.
against (2x) ← from under. control (2x) ← hand. he had forsaken: i.e. Jehoram had forsaken. |
| 2 Chr 21:11 | גַּם־ה֥וּא עָשָֽׂה־בָמ֖וֹת בְּהָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּ֙זֶן֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּדַּ֖ח אֶת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ פ | He also made idolatrous raised sites in the mountains of Judah, and he caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to engage in prostitution, and he induced Judah to do so. | |
| 2 Chr 21:12 | וַיָּבֹ֤א אֵלָיו֙ מִכְתָּ֔ב מֵֽאֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔יךָ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ בְּדַרְכֵי֙ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט אָבִ֔יךָ וּבְדַרְכֵ֖י אָסָ֥א מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃ | But a letter came to him from Elijah the prophet, which said, “This is what the Lord God of David your father says: ‘As you have not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat your father, and in the ways of Asa king of Judah, | this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 21:13 | וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדֶ֙רֶךְ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַתַּזְנֶ֤ה אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כְּהַזְנ֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וְגַ֨ם אֶת־אַחֶ֧יךָ בֵית־אָבִ֛יךָ הַטּוֹבִ֥ים מִמְּךָ֖ הָרָֽגְתָּ׃ | and you have walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and you have caused Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to engage in prostitution, like the way the house of Ahab promoted prostitution, and also you have killed your brothers of the house of your father, who were better than you, | |
| 2 Chr 21:14 | הִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה נֹגֵ֛ף מַגֵּפָ֥ה גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ וּבְבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנָשֶׁ֖יךָ וּבְכָל־רְכוּשֶֽׁךָ׃ | look, the Lord is about to inflict a severe plague on your people and on your sons and on your wives and on all your property. | your property: probably referring to servants and farm animals. |
| 2 Chr 21:15 | וְאַתָּ֛ה בָּחֳלָיִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים בְּמַחֲלֵ֣ה מֵעֶ֑יךָ עַד־יֵצְא֤וּ מֵעֶ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַחֹ֔לִי יָמִ֖ים עַל־יָמִֽים׃ | And you will be severely ill with a disorder of your intestines, until your intestines come out because of the disorder continuing day after day.’ ” |
severely ill ← in great sickness.
day after day ← days upon days. |
| 2 Chr 21:16 | וַיָּ֨עַר יְהוָ֜ה עַל־יְהוֹרָ֗ם אֵ֣ת ר֤וּחַ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ וְהָ֣עַרְבִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־יַ֥ד כּוּשִֽׁים׃ | And the Lord stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who were next to the Ethiopians. | |
| 2 Chr 21:17 | וַיַּעֲל֤וּ בִֽיהוּדָה֙ וַיִּבְקָע֔וּהָ וַיִּשְׁבּ֗וּ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָרְכוּשׁ֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א לְבֵית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְגַם־בָּנָ֖יו וְנָשָׁ֑יו וְלֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר־לוֹ֙ בֵּ֔ן כִּ֥י אִם־יְהוֹאָחָ֖ז קְטֹ֥ן בָּנָֽיו׃ | And they came up into Judah and split it. And they captured all the property which was present in the king's house, and also his sons and his wives, and there was not a son of his remaining except Jehoahaz the youngest of his sons. |
into: or against.
present ← found. Jehoahaz: the same as Ahaziah, exchanging the morphemes. |
| 2 Chr 21:18 | וְאַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־זֹ֑את נְגָפ֨וֹ יְהוָ֧ה ׀ בְּמֵעָ֛יו לָחֳלִ֖י לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃ | And after all this the Lord struck him in his intestines with an incurable disorder. | |
| 2 Chr 21:19 | וַיְהִ֣י לְיָמִ֣ים ׀ מִיָּמִ֡ים וּכְעֵת֩ צֵ֨את הַקֵּ֜ץ לְיָמִ֣ים שְׁנַ֗יִם יָצְא֤וּ מֵעָיו֙ עִם־חָלְי֔וֹ וַיָּ֖מָת בְּתַחֲלֻאִ֣ים רָעִ֑ים וְלֹא־עָ֨שׂוּ ל֥וֹ עַמּ֛וֹ שְׂרֵפָ֖ה כִּשְׂרֵפַ֥ת אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass in the course of time that at the time of the year's close, after two full years, his intestines came out, because of his disorder, and he died of severe ailments. And his people did not make a fire for him, like the fire for his fathers. |
in the course of time ← to days from days. Idiomatic uses of expressions with day can mean a long time or yearly [AnLx].
year's close ← going out of the end. We take this as applying to the calendar year. two full years ← of two days. Compare note above. |
| 2 Chr 21:20 | בֶּן־שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁמוֹנֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּלֹ֣א חֶמְדָּ֔ה וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֙הוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔יד וְלֹ֖א בְּקִבְר֥וֹת הַמְּלָכִֽים׃ | He was thirty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for eight years, and he departed in an unpleasant way, and they buried him in the City of David, but not in the tombs of the kings. |
|| 2 Ki 8:24.
in an unpleasant way: AV differs (without being desired), also possible. Or, with [ST], having lived without pleasure. but: adversative use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 22:1 | וַיַּמְלִיכוּ֩ יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אֶת־אֲחַזְיָ֨הוּ בְנ֤וֹ הַקָּטֹן֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כִּ֤י כָל־הָרִאשֹׁנִים֙ הָרַ֣ג הַגְּד֔וּד הַבָּ֥א בָֽעַרְבִ֖ים לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲחַזְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָ֖ם מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ פ | And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his place, because the troop which came with the Arabians into the camp had killed all the older ones, so Ahaziah the son of Jehoram, the king of Judah, started to reign. |
|| 2 Ki 8:24, 2 Ki 8:25, 1 Chr 3:11.
killed: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. older ← first. |
| 2 Chr 22:2 | בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֨ים וּשְׁתַּ֤יִם שָׁנָה֙ אֲחַזְיָ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשָׁנָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ עֲתַלְיָ֖הוּ בַּת־עָמְרִֽי׃ | Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for one year in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri. |
|| 2 Ki 8:26.
forty-two years old: see [CB]'s resolution of the difference compared with 2 Ki 8:26. daughter: standing for granddaughter. |
| 2 Chr 22:3 | גַּם־ה֣וּא הָלַ֔ךְ בְּדַרְכֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב כִּ֥י אִמּ֛וֹ הָיְתָ֥ה יֽוֹעַצְתּ֖וֹ לְהַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃ | He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab, because his mother would advise him to do wrong. | || 2 Ki 8:27. |
| 2 Chr 22:4 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כְּבֵ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב כִּי־הֵ֜מָּה הָֽיוּ־ל֣וֹ יֽוֹעֲצִ֗ים אַחֲרֵ֛י מ֥וֹת אָבִ֖יו לְמַשְׁחִ֥ית לֽוֹ׃ | So he did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, like the house of Ahab, for they would advise him, after the death of his father, with things to his detriment. | || 2 Ki 8:27. |
| 2 Chr 22:5 | גַּ֣ם בַּעֲצָתָם֮ הָלַךְ֒ וַיֵּלֶךְ֩ אֶת־יְהוֹרָ֨ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֜ב מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה עַל־חֲזָאֵ֥ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֖ם בְּרָמ֣וֹת גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיַּכּ֥וּ הָֽרַמִּ֖ים אֶת־יוֹרָֽם׃ | So he walked in their advice, and he went to war with Jehoram the son of Ahab, the king of Israel, against Hazael king of Aramaea in Ramoth-Gilead. And the Aramaeans struck Joram. |
|| 2 Ki 8:28.
Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. Ramoth-Gilead: see Gen 31:21. Joram: a shortened form of Jehoram. |
| 2 Chr 22:6 | וַיָּ֜שָׁב לְהִתְרַפֵּ֣א בְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל כִּ֤י הַמַּכִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכֻּ֣הוּ בָֽרָמָ֔ה בְּהִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וֹ אֶת־חֲזָהאֵ֖ל מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם וַעֲזַרְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹרָ֜ם מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה יָרַ֡ד לִרְא֞וֹת אֶת־יְהוֹרָ֧ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֛ב בְּיִזְרְעֶ֖אל כִּי־חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא׃ | And he returned to recover in Jezreel, because of the blows which they dealt him in Ramah when he fought Hazael the king of Aramaea. And Azariah the son of Jehoram, the king of Judah, went down to see Jehoram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was ill. |
|| 2 Ki 8:29.
Jezreel (2x): see Josh 15:56. dealt ← struck. Hazael: see 2 Ki 8:8. Azariah: the same as Ahaziah. The meanings are similar (the Lord helps / the Lord holds). |
| 2 Chr 22:7 | וּמֵֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים הָיְתָה֙ תְּבוּסַ֣ת אֲחַזְיָ֔הוּ לָב֖וֹא אֶל־יוֹרָ֑ם וּבְבֹא֗וֹ יָצָ֤א עִם־יְהוֹרָם֙ אֶל־יֵה֣וּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְשָׁח֣וֹ יְהוָ֔ה לְהַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אַחְאָֽב׃ | Now the downfall of Ahaziah was from God, for going to Joram, and when he had gone, he came out with Jehoram against Jehu the son of Nimshi, whom the Lord had anointed to cut the house of Ahab off. | downfall ← trampling. |
| 2 Chr 22:8 | וַיְהִ֕י כְּהִשָּׁפֵ֥ט יֵה֖וּא עִם־בֵּ֣ית אַחְאָ֑ב וַיִּמְצָא֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֜ה וּבְנֵ֨י אֲחֵ֧י אֲחַזְיָ֛הוּ מְשָׁרְתִ֥ים לַאֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ וַיַּהַרְגֵֽם׃ | And it came to pass, while Jehu was contending with the house of Ahab, that he found the senior officials of the house of Judah and the sons of Ahaziah's brothers who served Ahaziah, and he killed them. | |
| 2 Chr 22:9 | וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֩ אֶת־אֲחַזְיָ֨הוּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדֻ֜הוּ וְה֧וּא מִתְחַבֵּ֣א בְשֹֽׁמְר֗וֹן וַיְבִאֻ֣הוּ אֶל־יֵהוּא֮ וַיְמִתֻהוּ֒ וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֔הוּ כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ בֶּן־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֣ט ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר־דָּרַ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּכָל־לְבָב֑וֹ וְאֵין֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲחַזְיָ֔הוּ לַעְצֹ֥ר כֹּ֖חַ לְמַמְלָכָֽה׃ | And he sought Ahaziah, and they captured him while he was hiding in Samaria, and they brought him to Jehu, and they killed him and buried him, for they said, “He is the son of Jehoshaphat who sought the Lord with all his heart.” And there was no-one of the house of Ahaziah to retain power over the kingdom. |
|| 2 Ki 9:27, 2 Ki 9:28 (very roughly parallel).
son: standing for grandson. |
| 2 Chr 22:10 | וַעֲתַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֵ֣ם אֲחַזְיָ֔הוּ רָאֲתָ֖ה כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת בְּנָ֑הּ וַתָּ֗קָם וַתְּדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֥רַע הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ | But when Athaliah, Ahaziah's mother, saw that her son was dead, she arose and eradicated all the royal seed of the house of Judah, |
|| 2 Ki 11:1.
royal seed: i.e. heirs to the throne. The statement has an exception (one royal seed not destroyed), about to be explained. Compare 1 Cor 1:14. |
| 2 Chr 22:11 | וַתִּקַּח֩ יְהוֹשַׁבְעַ֨ת בַּת־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־יוֹאָ֣שׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָ֗הוּ וַתִּגְנֹ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ מִתּ֤וֹךְ בְּנֵֽי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַמּ֣וּמָתִ֔ים וַתִּתֵּ֥ן אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־מֵֽינִקְתּ֖וֹ בַּחֲדַ֣ר הַמִּטּ֑וֹת וַתַּסְתִּירֵ֡הוּ יְהוֹשַׁבְעַ֣ת בַּת־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יְהוֹרָ֡ם אֵשֶׁת֩ יְהוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן כִּ֣י הִיא֩ הָיְתָ֨ה אֲח֧וֹת אֲחַזְיָ֛הוּ מִפְּנֵ֥י עֲתַלְיָ֖הוּ וְלֹ֥א הֱמִיתָֽתְהוּ׃ | but Jehoshabath the king's daughter had taken Joash the son of Ahaziah and had stolen him away from the king's sons who were killed, and he had put him and his nurse in the bedroom. And Jehoshabath the daughter of King Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest – for she was the sister of Ahaziah – hid him from Athaliah, and she did not kill him. |
|| 2 Ki 11:2.
Jehoshabath (2x) ← Jehoshab'ath. AV= Jehoshabeath, not recognizing the closed syllable (-shab-). See Gen 31:21. from ← from the midst of. |
| 2 Chr 22:12 | וַיְהִ֤י אִתָּם֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִתְחַבֵּ֖א שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וַעֲתַלְיָ֖ה מֹלֶ֥כֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ | And he was with them in the house of God, hidden for six years, while Athaliah reigned over the land. | || 2 Ki 11:3. |
| 2 Chr 23:1 | וּבַשָּׁנָ֨ה הַשְּׁבִעִ֜ית הִתְחַזַּ֣ק יְהוֹיָדָ֗ע וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת לַעֲזַרְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־יְרֹחָ֡ם וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־יְ֠הוֹחָנָן וְלַֽעֲזַרְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־עוֹבֵ֜ד וְאֶת־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֧הוּ בֶן־עֲדָיָ֛הוּ וְאֶת־אֱלִישָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־זִכְרִ֖י עִמּ֥וֹ בַבְּרִֽית׃ | Then in the seventh year Jehoiada took courage, and he took the commanders of a hundred with him in a covenant: Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri. | || 2 Ki 11:4. |
| 2 Chr 23:2 | וַיָּסֹ֙בּוּ֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּקְבְּצ֤וּ אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם֙ מִכָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְרָאשֵׁ֥י הָאָב֖וֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And they went round Judah, and they gathered the Levites from all the cities of Judah, and the paternal heads of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 23:3 | וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת כָּל־הַקָּהָ֥ל בְּרִ֛ית בְּבֵ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עִם־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם הִנֵּ֤ה בֶן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ יִמְלֹ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עַל־בְּנֵ֥י דָוִֽיד׃ | And the whole convocation made a covenant in the house of God with the king. And he said to them, “Behold, the king's son shall reign as the Lord has spoken, concerning the sons of David. | || 2 Ki 11:5. |
| 2 Chr 23:4 | זֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֨ית מִכֶּ֜ם בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת לַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְלַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְשֹֽׁעֲרֵ֖י הַסִּפִּֽים׃ | This is the operation which you will carry out. One third of you will come on the Sabbath: you of the priests and the Levites, as gatekeepers at the entrance thresholds. |
|| 2 Ki 11:5.
operation ← thing. gatekeepers at ← gatekeepers of. |
| 2 Chr 23:5 | וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁית֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַיְס֑וֹד וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם בְּחַצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And one third will be at the king's house, and one third will be at the Foundation Gate, and all the people will be in the courtyards of the house of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 11:6. |
| 2 Chr 23:6 | וְאַל־יָב֣וֹא בֵית־יְהוָ֗ה כִּ֤י אִם־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַמְשָׁרְתִ֣ים לַלְוִיִּ֔ם הֵ֥מָּה יָבֹ֖אוּ כִּי־קֹ֣דֶשׁ הֵ֑מָּה וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם יִשְׁמְר֖וּ מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָֽה׃ | But do not let anyone go into the house of the Lord, except for the priests, and those who serve, who belong to the Levites – they shall go in, for they are holy. But all the people will keep the Lord's guard. |
|| 2 Ki 11:7.
holy ← holiness. keep ← guard. |
| 2 Chr 23:7 | וְהִקִּיפוּ֩ הַלְוִיִּ֨ם אֶת־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ סָבִ֗יב אִ֚ישׁ וְכֵלָ֣יו בְּיָד֔וֹ וְהַבָּ֥א אֶל־הַבַּ֖יִת יוּמָ֑ת וִֽהְי֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּבֹא֥וֹ וּבְצֵאתֽוֹ׃ | And the Levites will form a circle around the king, each man having his weapons in his hand, and anyone going inside the circle will be put to death. And accompany the king as he goes out and comes in.” |
|| 2 Ki 11:8.
inside the circle: or towards the house. AV differs, ≈ our alternative. accompany ← be with. |
| 2 Chr 23:8 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ הַלְוִיִּ֜ם וְכָל־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה֮ יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵן֒ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו בָּאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת עִ֖ם יוֹצְאֵ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת כִּ֣י לֹ֥א פָטַ֛ר יְהוֹיָדָ֥ע הַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־הַֽמַּחְלְקֽוֹת׃ | And the Levites and all of Judah did everything which Jehoiada the priest commanded, and each one took his men – those who were to come on the Sabbath with those who were to go out on the Sabbath – for Jehoiada the priest did not exempt the divisions. |
|| 2 Ki 11:9.
everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Chr 23:9 | וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן לְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֗וֹת אֶת־הַֽחֲנִיתִים֙ וְאֶת־הַמָּגִנּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַשְּׁלָטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑יד אֲשֶׁ֖ר בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jehoiada the priest gave to the commanders of a hundred the spears and the bucklers and the shields which had belonged to King David, which were in the house of God. |
|| 2 Ki 11:10.
bucklers: see Jer 46:3. |
| 2 Chr 23:10 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֨ד אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֜ם וְאִ֣ישׁ ׀ שִׁלְח֣וֹ בְיָד֗וֹ מִכֶּ֨תֶף הַבַּ֤יִת הַיְמָנִית֙ עַד־כֶּ֤תֶף הַבַּ֙יִת֙ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔ית לַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וְלַבָּ֑יִת עַל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ סָבִֽיב׃ | And he stationed all the people, each with his weapon in his hand, from the right hand side of the house to the left hand side of the house, and around the altar and the house, in defence of the king. |
|| 2 Ki 11:11.
weapon ← missile. side (2x) ← shoulder. in defence of ← at. |
| 2 Chr 23:11 | וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־בֶּן־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ עָלָיו֙ אֶת־הַנֵּ֙זֶר֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵד֔וּת וַיַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּמְשָׁחֻ֙הוּ֙ יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע וּבָנָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ יְחִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | Then they brought the king's son out, and they put the crown on him, and they gave him the testimony, and they made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him and said, “May the king live.” |
|| 2 Ki 11:12, 1 Chr 3:11.
the testimony: i.e. the law of Moses. |
| 2 Chr 23:12 | וַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע עֲתַלְיָ֗הוּ אֶת־ק֤וֹל הָעָם֙ הָֽרָצִ֔ים וְהַֽמְהַֽלְלִ֖ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַתָּב֥וֹא אֶל־הָעָ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And when Athaliah heard the sound of the people running and those praising the king, she went to the people and to the house of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 11:13. |
| 2 Chr 23:13 | וַתֵּ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּ֣ה הַמֶּלֶךְ֩ עוֹמֵ֨ד עַֽל־עַמּוּד֜וֹ בַּמָּב֗וֹא וְהַשָּׂרִ֣ים וְהַחֲצֹצְרוֹת֮ עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ וְכָל־עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ שָׂמֵ֗חַ וְתוֹקֵ֙עַ֙ בַּחֲצֹ֣צְר֔וֹת וְהַמְשֽׁוֹרֲרִים֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י הַשִּׁ֔יר וּמוֹדִיעִ֖ים לְהַלֵּ֑ל וַתִּקְרַ֤ע עֲתַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֔יהָ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר קֶ֥שֶׁר קָֽשֶׁר׃ ס | And she looked, and what she saw was the king standing at his column at the entrance with officials and trumpet-players in attendance to the king, and all the people of the land rejoicing and blowing trumpets, with the singers with musical instruments and directors of praise. At this Athaliah tore her clothes and said, “A conspiracy, a conspiracy!” |
|| 2 Ki 11:14.
what she saw was ← behold. musical ← for singing. directors of praise ← notifiers of praise. at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 23:14 | וַיּוֹצֵא֩ יְהוֹיָדָ֨ע הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּא֣וֹת ׀ פְּקוּדֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ הֽוֹצִיא֙וּהָ֙ אֶל־מִבֵּ֣ית הַשְּׂדֵר֔וֹת וְהַבָּ֥א אַחֲרֶ֖יהָ יוּמַ֣ת בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן לֹ֥א תְמִית֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the commanders of a hundred who were in charge of the army, and he said to them, “Take her away but within the ranks, and anyone who follows her will be put to death by the sword.” For the priest had said, “You shall not put her to death in the house of the Lord.” |
|| 2 Ki 11:15.
but within the ranks ← towards from inside the ranks. |
| 2 Chr 23:15 | וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ לָהּ֙ יָדַ֔יִם וַתָּב֛וֹא אֶל־מְב֥וֹא שַֽׁעַר־הַסּוּסִ֖ים בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְמִית֖וּהָ שָֽׁם׃ פ | So they laid hands on her as she went to the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king's house, and they put her to death there. | || 2 Ki 11:16. |
| 2 Chr 23:16 | וַיִּכְרֹ֤ת יְהוֹיָדָע֙ בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינ֕וֹ וּבֵ֥ין כָּל־הָעָ֖ם וּבֵ֣ין הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ לִהְי֥וֹת לְעָ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃ | And Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and all the people and the king, to be a people to the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 11:17.
made ← cut. |
| 2 Chr 23:17 | וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ כָל־הָעָ֤ם בֵּית־הַבַּ֙עַל֙ וַֽיִּתְּצֻ֔הוּ וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֥יו וְאֶת־צְלָמָ֖יו שִׁבֵּ֑רוּ וְאֵ֗ת מַתָּן֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הַבַּ֔עַל הָרְג֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַֽמִּזְבְּחֽוֹת׃ | And all the people went to the house of Baal and demolished it, and they shattered his altars and his images, and they killed Mattan, Baal's priest, in front of the altars. | || 2 Ki 11:18. |
| 2 Chr 23:18 | וַיָּשֶׂם֩ יְהוֹיָדָ֨ע פְּקֻדֹּ֜ת בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֗ה בְּיַ֨ד הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַלְוִיִּם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָלַ֣ק דָּוִיד֮ עַל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָה֒ לְֽהַעֲל֞וֹת עֹל֣וֹת יְהוָ֗ה כַּכָּת֛וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּשִׂמְחָ֣ה וּבְשִׁ֑יר עַ֖ל יְדֵ֥י דָוִֽיד׃ | And Jehoiada appointed duties in the house of the Lord to be fulfilled by the Levite priests whom David had assigned over the house of the Lord, to offer the Lord's burnt offerings, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as set up by David. |
|| 2 Ki 11:18 (roughly parallel).
to be fulfilled by ← by the hand of. assigned ← divided. as set up by ← at the hands of. |
| 2 Chr 23:19 | וַֽיַּעֲמֵד֙ הַשּׁ֣וֹעֲרִ֔ים עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יָבֹ֥א טָמֵ֖א לְכָל־דָּבָֽר׃ | And he appointed gatekeepers at the gates to the house of the Lord, so that no unclean person should approach anything. |
approach ← come (to), or enter.
anything ← everything. AV differs (... that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in). |
| 2 Chr 23:20 | וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֡וֹת וְאֶת־הָֽאַדִּירִים֩ וְאֶת־הַמּֽוֹשְׁלִ֨ים בָּעָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֗רֶץ וַיּ֤וֹרֶד אֶת־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֛אוּ בְּתֽוֹךְ־שַׁ֥עַר הָֽעֶלְי֖וֹן בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיּוֹשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַ֖ל כִּסֵּ֥א הַמַּמְלָכָֽה׃ | And he took the commanders of a hundred and the nobles and those in authority over the people, and all the people of the land, and he brought the king down from the house of the Lord, and they went in at the upper gate to the king's house, and they seated the king on the throne of the kingdom. |
|| 2 Ki 11:19.
those in authority over ← the rulers among. |
| 2 Chr 23:21 | וַיִּשְׂמְח֥וּ כָל־עַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהָעִ֣יר שָׁקָ֑טָה וְאֶת־עֲתַלְיָ֖הוּ הֵמִ֥יתוּ בֶחָֽרֶב׃ ס | And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was undisturbed. So they killed Athaliah by the sword. | || 2 Ki 11:20. |
| 2 Chr 24:1 | בֶּן־שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ יֹאָ֣שׁ בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ צִבְיָ֖ה מִבְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ | Joash was seven years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for forty years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Zibiah from Beersheba. | || 2 Ki 12:1, 2 Ki 12:2 (2 Ki 11:21AV, 2 Ki 12:1AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:2 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יוֹאָ֛שׁ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כָּל־יְמֵ֖י יְהוֹיָדָ֥ע הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ | And Joash did what was right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest. | || 2 Ki 12:3 (2 Ki 12:2AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:3 | וַיִּשָּׂא־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹיָדָ֖ע נָשִׁ֣ים שְׁתָּ֑יִם וַיּ֖וֹלֶד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ | And Jehoiada took two wives, and he begot sons and daughters. | took ← took to himself. |
| 2 Chr 24:4 | וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵיכֵ֑ן הָיָה֙ עִם־לֵ֣ב יוֹאָ֔שׁ לְחַדֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And it came to pass after that, that Joash had it in his heart to renovate the house of the Lord. | Joash had it in his heart ← it was with the heart of Joash. |
| 2 Chr 24:5 | וַיִּקְבֹּץ֮ אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֡ם צְא֣וּ לְעָרֵ֪י יְהוּדָ֟ה וְקִבְצוּ֩ מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל כֶּ֜סֶף לְחַזֵּ֣ק ׀ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם מִדֵּ֤י שָׁנָה֙ בְּשָׁנָ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם תְּמַהֲר֣וּ לַדָּבָ֑ר וְלֹ֥א מִֽהֲר֖וּ הַֽלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And he gathered the priests and the Levites, and he said to them, “Go out into the cities of Judah and collect money from all of Israel to keep the house of your God in good repair year by year. So expedite the matter.” But the Levites did not expedite it. | || 2 Ki 12:5 (2 Ki 12:4AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:6 | וַיִּקְרָ֣א הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ לִֽיהוֹיָדָ֣ע הָרֹאשׁ֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ מַדּ֙וּעַ֙ לֹֽא־דָרַ֣שְׁתָּ עַל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְהָבִ֞יא מִֽיהוּדָ֣ה וּמִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מַשְׂאַת֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֔ה וְהַקָּהָ֖ל לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְאֹ֖הֶל הָעֵדֽוּת׃ | And the king called for Jehoiada the head priest, and he said to him, “Why have you not required the Levites to bring from Judah and from Jerusalem the contribution enjoined by Moses the servant of the Lord, and from the convocation of Israel, for the tent of the testimony?” | || 2 Ki 12:8 (2 Ki 12:7AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:7 | כִּ֤י עֲתַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ הַמִּרְשַׁ֔עַת בָּנֶ֥יהָ פָרְצ֖וּ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְגַם֙ כָּל־קָדְשֵׁ֣י בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה עָשׂ֖וּ לַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | For the sons of Athaliah, the wicked woman, had broken into the house of God, and moreover they had refashioned all the holy things of the house of the Lord for the Baalim. | refashioned ← fashioned. See Num 6:12. |
| 2 Chr 24:8 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֲר֣וֹן אֶחָ֑ד וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛הוּ בְּשַׁ֥עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה חֽוּצָה׃ | So the king spoke, and they made a chest, and they put it at the gate of the house of the Lord on the outside. |
|| 2 Ki 12:10 (2 Ki 12:9AV).
a chest ← one chest. |
| 2 Chr 24:9 | וַיִּתְּנוּ־ק֞וֹל בִּֽיהוּדָ֣ה וּבִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם לְהָבִ֤יא לַֽיהוָה֙ מַשְׂאַ֞ת מֹשֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ | And they issued an appeal in Judah and in Jerusalem to bring to the Lord the contribution enjoined by Moses the servant of God on Israel in the desert. |
|| 2 Ki 12:10 (2 Ki 12:9AV).
appeal ← voice. enjoined by ← of. |
| 2 Chr 24:10 | וַיִּשְׂמְח֥וּ כָל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְכָל־הָעָ֑ם וַיָּבִ֛יאוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֥יכוּ לָאָר֖וֹן עַד־לְכַלֵּֽה׃ | And all the officials and all the people rejoiced, and they brought it, and they deposited it in the chest until all was done. |
deposited ← cast.
all was done ← finishing. |
| 2 Chr 24:11 | וַיְהִ֡י בְּעֵת֩ יָבִ֨יא אֶת־הָֽאָר֜וֹן אֶל־פְּקֻדַּ֣ת הַמֶּלֶךְ֮ בְּיַ֣ד הַלְוִיִּם֒ וְכִרְאוֹתָ֞ם כִּי־רַ֣ב הַכֶּ֗סֶף וּבָ֨א סוֹפֵ֤ר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וּפְקִיד֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הָרֹ֔אשׁ וִיעָ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָר֔וֹן וְיִשָּׂאֻ֖הוּ וִֽישִׁיבֻ֣הוּ אֶל־מְקֹמ֑וֹ כֹּ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ לְי֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֔וֹם וַיַּֽאַסְפוּ־כֶ֖סֶף לָרֹֽב׃ | And it came to pass, at the time when he had the chest brought at the king's behest by the agency of the Levites, and when they saw that the amount of money was large, that the king's scribe came, and the head priest's officer, and they emptied the chest and carried it, and they returned it to its place. They did this daily, and they collected money in abundance. |
|| 2 Ki 12:11 (2 Ki 12:10AV).
agency ← hand. emptied ← poured out. this ← thus. daily ← to day on day. |
| 2 Chr 24:12 | וַיִּתְּנֵ֨הוּ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ וִֽיהוֹיָדָ֗ע אֶל־עוֹשֵׂה֙ מְלֶ֙אכֶת֙ עֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּית־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ שֹׂכְרִים֙ חֹצְבִ֣ים וְחָרָשִׁ֔ים לְחַדֵּ֖שׁ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְ֠גַם לְחָרָשֵׁ֤י בַרְזֶל֙ וּנְחֹ֔שֶׁת לְחַזֵּ֖ק אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the king and Jehoiada gave it to those who carried out the work of craftsmanship for the house of the Lord, and they hired hewers and artisans to renovate the house of the Lord, and also blacksmiths and coppersmiths to refurbish the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 12:12, 2 Ki 12:13 (2 Ki 12:11AV, 2 Ki 12:12AV).
those who ← he who. work of craftsmanship ← craftsmanship of work. |
| 2 Chr 24:13 | וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה וַתַּ֧עַל אֲרוּכָ֛ה לַמְּלָאכָ֖ה בְּיָדָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמִ֜ידוּ אֶת־בֵּ֧ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֛ים עַל־מַתְכֻּנְתּ֖וֹ וַֽיְאַמְּצֻֽהוּ׃ | And those engaged in the work did the work, and the restoration of the artisanry progressed in their hands, and they restored the house of God to its elegant form, and they reinforced it. | || 2 Ki 12:13 (2 Ki 12:12AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:14 | וּֽכְכַלּוֹתָ֡ם הֵבִ֣יאוּ לִפְנֵי֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ וִֽיהוֹיָדָ֜ע אֶת־שְׁאָ֣ר הַכֶּ֗סֶף וַיַּעֲשֵׂ֨הוּ כֵלִ֤ים לְבֵית־יְהוָה֙ כְּלֵ֣י שָׁרֵ֔ת וְהַעֲל֣וֹת וְכַפּ֔וֹת וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב וָכָ֑סֶף וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ מַעֲלִ֨ים עֹל֤וֹת בְּבֵית־יְהוָה֙ תָּמִ֔יד כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י יְהוֹיָדָֽע׃ פ | And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money to the king and Jehoiada, and they used it for equipment for the house of the Lord – equipment for serving and for making offerings, and spoons, and items of gold and silver. And they would make burnt offerings in the house of the Lord continually, in all the days of Jehoiada. |
|| 2 Ki 12:14 (2 Ki 12:13AV).
to the king ← before the king. used it for ← made it. |
| 2 Chr 24:15 | וַיִּזְקַ֧ן יְהוֹיָדָ֛ע וַיִּשְׂבַּ֥ע יָמִ֖ים וַיָּמֹ֑ת בֶּן־מֵאָ֧ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּמוֹתֽוֹ׃ | And when Jehoiada grew old, he was replete with days, and he died. He was one hundred and thirty years old at his death. | |
| 2 Chr 24:16 | וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְעִיר־דָּוִ֖יד עִם־הַמְּלָכִ֑ים כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֤ה טוֹבָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעִ֥ם הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ ס | And they buried him in the City of David with the kings, because he did good in Israel, and with God, and his house. | |
| 2 Chr 24:17 | וְאַֽחֲרֵ֥י מוֹת֙ יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע בָּ֚אוּ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אָ֛ז שָׁמַ֥ע הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And after the death of Jehoiada, the officials of Judah came and prostrated themselves to the king, and then the king listened to them. | |
| 2 Chr 24:18 | וַיַּֽעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּֽעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָֽעֲצַבִּ֑ים וַֽיְהִי־קֶ֗צֶף עַל־יְהוּדָה֙ וִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בְּאַשְׁמָתָ֖ם זֹֽאת׃ | Then they forsook the house of the Lord God of their fathers, and they served the phallic parks and the idols, and there was anger over Judah and Jerusalem because of this trespass of theirs. | trespass ← guilt. |
| 2 Chr 24:19 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח בָּהֶם֙ נְבִאִ֔ים לַהֲשִׁיבָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּעִ֥ידוּ בָ֖ם וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִֽינוּ׃ ס | And he sent prophets among them to bring them back to the Lord, and they testified against them, but they would not listen. | |
| 2 Chr 24:20 | וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָֽבְשָׁה֙ אֶת־זְכַרְיָה֙ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד מֵעַ֣ל לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים לָמָה֩ אַתֶּ֨ם עֹבְרִ֜ים אֶת־מִצְוֺ֤ת יְהוָה֙ וְלֹ֣א תַצְלִ֔יחוּ כִּֽי־עֲזַבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֥ב אֶתְכֶֽם׃ | Then the spirit of God invested Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, and he stood above the people, and he said to them, “This is what God says: ‘Why are you transgressing the Lord's commandments, so not prospering? Now because you have forsaken the Lord, he has forsaken you.’ ” |
invested: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 24:21 | וַיִּקְשְׁר֣וּ עָלָ֔יו וַיִּרְגְּמֻ֥הוּ אֶ֖בֶן בְּמִצְוַ֣ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בַּחֲצַ֖ר בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | But they conspired against him, and they stoned him at the king's command, in the courtyard of the house of the Lord. | stoned him ← “bouldered” him (with) stone. |
| 2 Chr 24:22 | וְלֹא־זָכַ֞ר יוֹאָ֣שׁ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הַחֶ֙סֶד֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוֹיָדָ֤ע אָבִיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ וּכְמוֹת֣וֹ אָמַ֔ר יֵ֥רֶא יְהוָ֖ה וְיִדְרֹֽשׁ׃ פ | So Joash the king did not remember the kindness which Jehoiada Zechariah's father had shown him, but he killed his son, who, as he died, said, “Let the Lord see and requite it.” |
Zechariah's ← his. On the liberal use of the third person pronouns (he, him, his), see the note to Gen 41:13.
had shown him ← had done with him. |
| 2 Chr 24:23 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ לִתְקוּפַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֗ה עָלָ֣ה עָלָיו֮ חֵ֣יל אֲרָם֒ וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ אֶל־יְהוּדָה֙ וִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּשְׁחִ֛יתוּ אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם מֵעָ֑ם וְכָל־שְׁלָלָ֥ם שִׁלְּח֖וּ לְמֶ֥לֶךְ דַּרְמָֽשֶׂק׃ | And it came to pass at the close of the year that the forces of Aramaea came up against him, and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and they eliminated all the officials of the people from the people themselves, and they sent all their spoil to the king of Damascus. |
|| 2 Ki 12:18, 2 Ki 12:19 (2 Ki 12:17AV, 2 Ki 12:18AV).
close ← cycle. |
| 2 Chr 24:24 | כִּי֩ בְמִצְעַ֨ר אֲנָשִׁ֜ים בָּ֣אוּ ׀ חֵ֣יל אֲרָ֗ם וַֽיהוָה֙ נָתַ֨ן בְּיָדָ֥ם חַ֙יִל֙ לָרֹ֣ב מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עָֽזְב֔וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶת־יוֹאָ֖שׁ עָשׂ֥וּ שְׁפָטִֽים׃ | For the forces of Aramaea came with a small number of men, but the Lord delivered a very large force into their hand, because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers. So they executed judgment on Joash. |
|| 2 Ki 12:19 (2 Ki 12:18AV). Very loosely parallel.
judgment ← judgments. |
| 2 Chr 24:25 | וּבְלֶכְתָּ֣ם מִמֶּ֗נּוּ כִּֽי־עָזְב֣וּ אֹתוֹ֮ *במחליים **בְּמַחֲלוּיִ֣ם רַבִּים֒ הִתְקַשְּׁר֨וּ עָלָ֜יו עֲבָדָ֗יו בִּדְמֵי֙ בְּנֵי֙ יְהוֹיָדָ֣ע הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וַיַּֽהַרְגֻ֥הוּ עַל־מִטָּת֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֙הוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֔יד וְלֹ֥א קְבָרֻ֖הוּ בְּקִבְר֥וֹת הַמְּלָכִֽים׃ ס | And when they had departed from him – but they left him with many ailments – his servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and they killed him on his bed, and he died, and they buried him in the City of David, but they did not bury him in the tombs of the kings. |
ailments: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
|| 2 Ki 12:21, 2 Ki 12:22 (2 Ki 12:20AV, 2 Ki 12:21AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:26 | וְאֵ֖לֶּה הַמִּתְקַשְּׁרִ֣ים עָלָ֑יו זָבָ֗ד בֶּן־שִׁמְעָת֙ הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֔ית וִיה֣וֹזָבָ֔ד בֶּן־שִׁמְרִ֖ית הַמּוֹאָבִֽית׃ | And these were the conspirators against him: Zabad the son of Shimath the Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith the Moabitess. |
|| 2 Ki 12:22 (2 Ki 12:21AV).
Shimath: see 2 Ki 12:22 (2 Ki 12:21AV). |
| 2 Chr 24:27 | וּבָנָ֞יו *ורב **יִ֧רֶ֞ב הַמַּשָּׂ֣א עָלָ֗יו וִיסוֹד֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־מִדְרַ֖שׁ סֵ֣פֶר הַמְּלָכִ֑ים וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And as for his sons, {K: and the greatness of the burden on him} [Q: the burden on him became great], and the re-establishment of the house of God, they are to be seen written in the Commentary of the Book of the Kings. And Amaziah his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 12:22, 1 Chr 3:12 (2 Ki 12:22 = 2 Ki 12:21AV).
re-establishment ← founding. they are to be seen ← behold them. commentary: the Hebrew word is Midrash, but not in its modern sense. |
| 2 Chr 25:1 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ מָלַ֣ךְ אֲמַצְיָ֔הוּ וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְהוֹעַדָּ֖ן מִירוּשָׁלָֽיִם׃ | Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. And the name of his mother was Jehoaddan from Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 14:2. |
| 2 Chr 25:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה רַ֕ק לֹ֖א בְּלֵבָ֥ב שָׁלֵֽם׃ | And he did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, except that it was not wholeheartedly. | || 2 Ki 14:3. |
| 2 Chr 25:3 | וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר חָזְקָ֥ה הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַֽיַּהֲרֹג֙ אֶת־עֲבָדָ֔יו הַמַּכִּ֖ים אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אָבִֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, as the kingdom became stronger under him, that he killed those servants of his who had struck down the king who was his father. |
|| 2 Ki 14:5.
stronger ← strong. under him ← at him. |
| 2 Chr 25:4 | וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א הֵמִ֑ית כִּ֣י כַכָּת֣וּב בַּתּוֹרָ֡ה בְּסֵ֣פֶר מֹשֶׁה֩ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־יָמ֨וּתוּ אָב֤וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וּבָנִים֙ לֹא־יָמ֣וּתוּ עַל־אָב֔וֹת כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בְּחֶטְא֖וֹ יָמֽוּתוּ׃ פ | But he did not kill their sons, for as it stands written in the law, in the book of Moses whom the Lord commanded and said, “Fathers shall not die because of their sons, and sons shall not die because of their fathers, for each person shall die because of his own sin.” |
|| 2 Ki 14:6.
The reference is to Deut 24:16. |
| 2 Chr 25:5 | וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲמִידֵ֣ם לְבֵית־אָב֗וֹת לְשָׂרֵ֤י הָאֲלָפִים֙ וּלְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֔וֹת לְכָל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן וַֽיִּפְקְדֵ֗ם לְמִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וַיִּמְצָאֵ֗ם שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֨וֹת אֶ֤לֶף בָּחוּר֙ יוֹצֵ֣א צָבָ֔א אֹחֵ֖ז רֹ֥מַח וְצִנָּֽה׃ | And Amaziah gathered Judah together and appointed them by their paternal house as commanders of a thousand and commanders of a hundred throughout all Judah and Benjamin. And he counted them from twenty years of age and above, and he found them to be three hundred thousand elite men who went out to war, holding spear and shield. | |
| 2 Chr 25:6 | וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֣ר מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵ֥אָה אֶ֛לֶף גִּבּ֥וֹר חָ֖יִל בְּמֵאָ֥ה כִכַּר־כָּֽסֶף׃ | And he hired one hundred thousand valiant warriors from Israel for one hundred talents of silver. | talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 25:7 | וְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים בָּ֤א אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַמֶּ֕לֶךְ אַל־יָבֹ֥א עִמְּךָ֖ צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין יְהוָה֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | Then a man of God came to him and said, “O king, do not let the army of Israel go with you, for the Lord is not with Israel – not with any of the sons of Ephraim. | any ← all. |
| 2 Chr 25:8 | כִּ֚י אִם־בֹּ֣א אַתָּ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֖ה חֲזַ֣ק לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה יַכְשִֽׁילְךָ֤ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־כֹּ֛חַ בֵּאלֹהִ֖ים לַעְז֥וֹר וּלְהַכְשִֽׁיל׃ | But if you are determined to go, act and show strength for battle. But God can make you stumble before the enemy, for God has power to help and to make stumble.” | |
| 2 Chr 25:9 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמַֽה־לַּעֲשׂוֹת֙ לִמְאַ֣ת הַכִּכָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִגְד֣וּד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יֵ֚שׁ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לָ֥תֶת לְךָ֖ הַרְבֵּ֥ה מִזֶּֽה׃ | Then Amaziah said to the man of God, “Then what am I to do about the one hundred talents which I gave the troop of Israel?” And the man of God said, “The Lord has the ability to give you more than this.” | talents: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 25:10 | וַיַּבְדִּילֵ֣ם אֲמַצְיָ֗הוּ לְהַגְּדוּד֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤א אֵלָיו֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם לָלֶ֖כֶת לִמְקוֹמָ֑ם וַיִּ֨חַר אַפָּ֤ם מְאֹד֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיָּשׁ֥וּבוּ לִמְקוֹמָ֖ם בָּחֳרִי־אָֽף׃ פ | Then Amaziah set them aside – the troop which had come to him from Ephraim – to go back to their place. And their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned to their place in furious anger. | |
| 2 Chr 25:11 | וַאֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ הִתְחַזַּ֔ק וַיִּנְהַג֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ גֵּ֣יא הַמֶּ֑לַח וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־בְּנֵי־שֵׂעִ֖יר עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | Then Amaziah took courage and led his people, and he went to the Valley of Salt, and he struck down the sons of Seir – ten thousand of them – | || 2 Ki 14:7. |
| 2 Chr 25:12 | וַעֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים חַיִּ֗ים שָׁבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְבִיא֖וּם לְרֹ֣אשׁ הַסָּ֑לַע וַיַּשְׁלִיכ֛וּם מֵֽרֹאשׁ־הַסֶּ֖לַע וְכֻלָּ֥ם נִבְקָֽעוּ׃ ס | and the sons of Judah took ten thousand alive captive, and they brought them to the peak of the outcrop, and they threw them from the peak of the outcrop, and they were all dashed to pieces. |
took ... captive: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence.
the peak of the outcrop ... the peak of the outcrop: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| 2 Chr 25:13 | וּבְנֵ֣י הַגְּד֗וּד אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵשִׁ֤יב אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ מִלֶּ֤כֶת עִמּוֹ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַֽיִּפְשְׁטוּ֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִשֹּׁמְר֖וֹן וְעַד־בֵּ֣ית חוֹר֑וֹן וַיַּכּ֤וּ מֵהֶם֙ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖זּוּ בִּזָּ֥ה רַבָּֽה׃ ס | But the members of the troop which Amaziah sent back instead of going to war with him raided the cities of Judah from Samaria to Beth-Horon, and they struck down three thousand men from them, and they took much spoil. |
members ← sons.
took ... spoil ← spoiled ... spoil. |
| 2 Chr 25:14 | וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵ֨י ב֤וֹא אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֵֽהַכּ֣וֹת אֶת־אֲדוֹמִ֔ים וַיָּבֵ֗א אֶת־אֱלֹהֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י שֵׂעִ֔יר וַיַּֽעֲמִידֵ֥ם ל֖וֹ לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וְלִפְנֵיהֶ֥ם יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה וְלָהֶ֥ם יְקַטֵּֽר׃ | And it came to pass, after Amaziah had come back from attacking the Edomites, that he brought back the gods of the sons of Seir, and he set them up for himself as gods, and he bowed down before them and burned incense to them. | |
| 2 Chr 25:15 | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בַּאֲמַצְיָ֑הוּ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֵלָיו֙ נָבִ֔יא וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ לָ֤מָּה דָרַ֙שְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־עַמָּ֖ם מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ | And the Lord's anger was kindled against Amaziah, and he sent a prophet to him, and he said to him, “Why do you cultivate the gods of the people – gods who did not deliver their people from your hand?” | |
| 2 Chr 25:16 | וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בְּדַבְּר֣וֹ אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַלְיוֹעֵ֤ץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ נְתַנּ֔וּךָ חֲדַל־לְךָ֖ לָ֣מָּה יַכּ֑וּךָ וַיֶּחְדַּ֣ל הַנָּבִ֗יא וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יָעַ֤ץ אֱלֹהִים֙ לְהַשְׁחִיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ לַעֲצָתִֽי׃ פ | And it came to pass, when he had spoken to him, that the king said to him, “Have you been appointed as an adviser to the king? Stop. Why should you be struck down?” Then the prophet stopped, but he said, “I know that God has decided to destroy you, because you have done this and have not listened to my advice.” |
have you been appointed ... why should you be struck down ← have they appointed you ... why should they strike you down. Avoidance of the passive.
stop ← cease for yourself. decided ← advised. |
| 2 Chr 25:17 | וַיִּוָּעַ֗ץ אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶל־יוֹאָ֨שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֧ז בֶּן־יֵה֛וּא מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר *לך **לְכָ֖ה נִתְרָאֶ֥ה פָנִֽים׃ | Then Amaziah king of Judah took counsel, and he sent messengers to Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, the king of Israel, to say, “Come, let us see each other face to face.” |
come: the qeré is a toned down form of the ketiv.
|| 2 Ki 14:8. |
| 2 Chr 25:18 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח יוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַח֜וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־הָאֶ֜רֶז אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּלְּבָנוֹן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָֽה־אֶת־בִּתְּךָ֥ לִבְנִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲבֹ֞ר חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וַתִּרְמֹ֖ס אֶת־הַחֽוֹחַ׃ | Then Joash king of Israel sent a reply to Amaziah king of Judah and said, “The thistle which was in Lebanon has sent word to the cedar which was in Lebanon and said, ‘Give your daughter to be my son's wife’, and a wild animal which was in Lebanon passed by and trampled on the thistle. | || 2 Ki 14:9. |
| 2 Chr 25:19 | אָמַ֗רְתָּ הִנֵּ֤ה הִכִּ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־אֱד֔וֹם וּנְשָׂאֲךָ֥ לִבְּךָ֖ לְהַכְבִּ֑יד עַתָּה֙ שְׁבָ֣ה בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ לָ֤מָּה תִתְגָּרֶה֙ בְּרָעָ֔ה וְנָ֣פַלְתָּ֔ אַתָּ֖ה וִיהוּדָ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃ | You have told me to see how you have defeated Edom, and your heart has given you a high-minded complacency. Stay at home now. Why should you embroil yourself in trouble and fall in war, you and Judah with you?” |
|| 2 Ki 14:10.
to see how ← behold. has given you a high-minded complacency ← has lifted you up to make (yourself) honoured. trouble ← harm, evil. |
| 2 Chr 25:20 | וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲמַצְיָ֔הוּ כִּ֤י מֵהָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ הִ֔יא לְמַ֖עַן תִּתָּ֣ם בְּיָ֑ד כִּ֣י דָֽרְשׁ֔וּ אֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֱדֽוֹם׃ | But Amaziah did not heed it, for the course of events was from God, so as to deliver them into the hand of the king of Israel, because they had cultivated the gods of Edom. | || 2 Ki 14:11. |
| 2 Chr 25:21 | וַיַּ֨עַל יוֹאָ֤שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּתְרָא֣וּ פָנִ֔ים ה֖וּא וַאֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה בְּבֵ֥ית שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִיהוּדָֽה׃ | And Joash king of Israel went up, and they looked at each other face to face – he and Amaziah king of Judah – in Beth-Shemesh which belongs to Judah. | || 2 Ki 14:11. |
| 2 Chr 25:22 | וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יְהוּדָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃ | And Judah was defeated in confrontation with Israel, and each man fled to his tent. |
|| 2 Ki 14:12.
in confrontation with ← before, in the face of. his tent ← his tents, the plural attracted by each. |
| 2 Chr 25:23 | וְאֵת֩ אֲמַצְיָ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה בֶּן־יוֹאָ֣שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֗ז תָּפַ֛שׂ יוֹאָ֥שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּפְרֹ֞ץ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם מִשַּׁ֤עַר אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ עַד־שַׁ֣עַר הַפּוֹנֶ֔ה אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַמָּֽה׃ | And Joash king of Israel seized Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, in Beth-Shemesh, and he brought him to Jerusalem. And he demolished the wall of Jerusalem from the Gate of Ephraim to the Turning Gate – four hundred cubits of wall. |
|| 2 Ki 14:13.
seized: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. Turning Gate: probably the Corner Gate, but the Hebrew is slightly different (a yod / vav difference). cubit: about 18 inches or 45 cm. |
| 2 Chr 25:24 | וְכָֽל־הַזָּהָ֣ב וְהַכֶּ֡סֶף וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַ֠כֵּלִים הַנִּמְצְאִ֨ים בְּבֵית־הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים עִם־עֹבֵ֣ד אֱד֗וֹם וְאֶת־אֹצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י הַתַּֽעֲרֻב֑וֹת וַיָּ֖שָׁב שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And he raided all the gold and the silver and all the equipment which were present in the house of God, with Obed-Edom gatekeeping, and in the treasuries of the king's house. And he took hostages and returned to Samaria. |
|| 2 Ki 14:14.
he raided: from demolished (or broke into) in the previous verse. present ← found. hostages ← the hostages. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. But ↴ |
| 2 Chr 25:25 | וַיְחִ֨י אֲמַצְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־יוֹאָשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י מ֔וֹת יוֹאָ֥שׁ בֶּן־יְהוֹאָחָ֖ז מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃ | And Amaziah the son of Joash, the king of Judah, lived for fifteen years after the death of Joash the son of Jehoahaz, the king of Israel. |
↳ the hostages referred to could be the family of Obed-Edom; see 1 Chr 26:15.
|| 2 Ki 14:17. |
| 2 Chr 25:26 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י אֲמַצְיָ֔הוּ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאַחֲרוֹנִ֑ים הֲלֹא֙ הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Amaziah – the first and the last – are they not to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel? |
|| 2 Ki 14:18.
are they not to be seen ← (are) not behold them. |
| 2 Chr 25:27 | וּמֵעֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁר־סָ֤ר אֲמַצְיָ֙הוּ֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ עָלָ֥יו קֶ֛שֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֣נָס לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ אַחֲרָיו֙ לָכִ֔ישָׁה וַיְמִיתֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁם׃ | And from the time when Amaziah departed from following the Lord, they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But they sent forces after him to Lachish, and they killed him there. |
|| 2 Ki 14:19.
following ← after. made a conspiracy ← conspired a conspiracy. |
| 2 Chr 25:28 | וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֖הוּ עַל־הַסּוּסִ֑ים וַֽיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֖יו בְּעִ֥יר יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And they bore him on horses and buried him with his fathers in the City of Judah. |
|| 2 Ki 14:20.
horses ← the horses. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. the City of Judah: i.e. Jerusalem. |
| 2 Chr 26:1 | וַיִּקְח֞וּ כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וְה֕וּא בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֔וֹ תַּ֖חַת אָבִ֥יו אֲמַצְיָֽהוּ׃ | And all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and they made him king in place of his father Amaziah. |
|| 2 Ki 14:21, 1 Chr 3:12.
Uzziah: sometimes called Azariah, Jah helps, which he did in 2 Chr 26:7. |
| 2 Chr 26:2 | ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־אֵיל֔וֹת וַיְשִׁיבֶ֖הָ לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה אַחֲרֵ֥י שְׁכַֽב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עִם־אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ פ | He built Eloth, and he restored it to Judah after the previous king had lain with his fathers. |
|| 2 Ki 14:22.
Eloth: equated with Elath in [LHG]. See 2 Ki 16:6 where in Hebrew both forms occur. |
| 2 Chr 26:3 | בֶּן־שֵׁ֨שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה שָׁנָה֙ עֻזִּיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֔וֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּשְׁתַּ֙יִם֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ *יכיליה **יְכָלְיָ֖ה מִן־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Uzziah was sixteen years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for fifty-two years. And his mother's name was {Q: Jecholiah} [K: Jechiliah] from Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 15:2. |
| 2 Chr 26:4 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, like everything that Amaziah his father did. | || 2 Ki 15:3. |
| 2 Chr 26:5 | וַיְהִי֙ לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בִּימֵ֣י זְכַרְיָ֔הוּ הַמֵּבִ֖ין בִּרְאֹ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבִימֵי֙ דָּרְשׁ֣וֹ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה הִצְלִיח֖וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ ס | And he would seek God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in perceiving God. And in the days when he sought the Lord, God made him prosper. | in perceiving: gerundial use of the infinitive. AV differs somewhat (in the visions of). |
| 2 Chr 26:6 | וַיֵּצֵא֙ וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְרֹ֞ץ אֶת־ח֣וֹמַת גַּ֗ת וְאֵת֙ חוֹמַ֣ת יַבְנֵ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת חוֹמַ֣ת אַשְׁדּ֑וֹד וַיִּבְנֶ֣ה עָרִ֔ים בְּאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ | And he went out and fought the Philistines, and he breached the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and then he built cities in the Ashdod area and among the Philistines. | |
| 2 Chr 26:7 | וַיַּעְזְרֵ֨הוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֧ים וְעַל־*הערביים **הָֽעַרְבִ֛ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בְּגוּר־בָּ֖עַל וְהַמְּעוּנִֽים׃ | And God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabians who lived in Gur-Baal, and the Meunim. |
Arabians: the ketiv can be regarded as a variant form of the qeré.
Meunim: AV= Mehunims. |
| 2 Chr 26:8 | וַיִּתְּנ֧וּ הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֛ים מִנְחָ֖ה לְעֻזִּיָּ֑הוּ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ שְׁמוֹ֙ עַד־לְב֣וֹא מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י הֶחֱזִ֖יק עַד־לְמָֽעְלָה׃ | Then the Ammonites gave Uzziah tribute money, and his fame spread as far as the approach to Egypt, for he strengthened himself in the extreme. |
spread ← went.
in the extreme ← to upwards. |
| 2 Chr 26:9 | וַיִּ֨בֶן עֻזִּיָּ֤הוּ מִגְדָּלִים֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־שַׁ֧עַר הַפִּנָּ֛ה וְעַל־שַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וְעַל־הַמִּקְצ֑וֹעַ וַֽיְחַזְּקֵֽם׃ | And Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate and at the Valley Gate and at the Angle, and he fortified them. | |
| 2 Chr 26:10 | וַיִּ֨בֶן מִגְדָּלִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיַּחְצֹב֙ בֹּר֣וֹת רַבִּ֔ים כִּ֤י מִקְנֶה־רַּב֙ הָ֣יָה ל֔וֹ וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּבַמִּישׁ֑וֹר אִכָּרִ֣ים וְכֹֽרְמִ֗ים בֶּהָרִים֙ וּבַכַּרְמֶ֔ל כִּֽי־אֹהֵ֥ב אֲדָמָ֖ה הָיָֽה׃ ס | And he built towers in the desert, and he hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle, both in the lowlands and on the plain, and farmers and vine cultivators in the mountains and in Carmel, for he was fond of the land. |
Carmel ← the Carmel.
land ← ground. |
| 2 Chr 26:11 | וַיְהִ֣י לְעֻזִּיָּ֡הוּ חַיִל֩ עֹשֵׂ֨ה מִלְחָמָ֜ה יוֹצְאֵ֧י צָבָ֣א לִגְד֗וּד בְּמִסְפַּר֙ פְּקֻדָּתָ֔ם בְּיַד֙ *יעואל **יְעִיאֵ֣ל הַסּוֹפֵ֔ר וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֖הוּ הַשּׁוֹטֵ֑ר עַ֚ל יַד־חֲנַנְיָ֔הוּ מִשָּׂרֵ֖י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Uzziah had forces waging war, soldiers going out as a battalion, according to the number from when they were counted by {Q: Jeiel} [K: Jeuel] the scribe and Maaseiah the superintendent under the authority of Hananiah, one of the king's officials. |
soldiers going out ← goers out of an army.
by ← by the hand of. under the authority ← at the hand. |
| 2 Chr 26:12 | כֹּ֠ל מִסְפַּ֞ר רָאשֵׁ֤י הָאָבוֹת֙ לְגִבּ֣וֹרֵי חָ֔יִל אַלְפַּ֖יִם וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | The total number of the paternal heads of the valiant warriors was two thousand six hundred. | |
| 2 Chr 26:13 | וְעַל־יָדָם֩ חֵ֨יל צָבָ֜א שְׁלֹ֧שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אֶ֗לֶף וְשִׁבְעַ֤ת אֲלָפִים֙ וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת עוֹשֵׂ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּכֹ֣חַ חָ֑יִל לַעְזֹ֥ר לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־הָאוֹיֵֽב׃ | And under their authority was a military force of three hundred and seven thousand five hundred soldiers in a powerful force to uphold the king against the enemy. |
under their authority ← at their hand.
soldiers ← doers of war. uphold ← help. |
| 2 Chr 26:14 | וַיָּכֶן֩ לָהֶ֨ם עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ לְכָל־הַצָּבָ֗א מָגִנִּ֤ים וּרְמָחִים֙ וְכ֣וֹבָעִ֔ים וְשִׁרְיֹנ֖וֹת וּקְשָׁת֑וֹת וּלְאַבְנֵ֖י קְלָעִֽים׃ | And Uzziah equipped them – the whole army – with shields and spears and helmets and coats of mail and bows and equipment for stone slinging. |
equipped them ... with ← prepared for them.
equipment for stone slinging ← for stones of slings. |
| 2 Chr 26:15 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ׀ בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם חִשְּׁבֹנ֜וֹת מַחֲשֶׁ֣בֶת חוֹשֵׁ֗ב לִהְי֤וֹת עַל־הַמִּגְדָּלִים֙ וְעַל־הַפִּנּ֔וֹת לִירוֹא֙ בַּֽחִצִּ֔ים וּבָאֲבָנִ֖ים גְּדֹל֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ עַד־לְמֵ֣רָח֔וֹק כִּֽי־הִפְלִ֥יא לְהֵעָזֵ֖ר עַ֥ד כִּֽי־חָזָֽק׃ | And he had war engines made in Jerusalem, feats of engineering designed by engineers, to be deployed on the towers, and on the corners, to shoot arrows and large stones. And his fame spread far and wide, for he was helped in a wonderful way until he became strong. |
had war engines made ← made war engines. The commissioning party can loosely be regarded as the implementer, but here we distinguish in the English.
engineers ← a thinker, deviser. far and wide ← up to far. |
| 2 Chr 26:16 | וּכְחֶזְקָת֗וֹ גָּבַ֤הּ לִבּוֹ֙ עַד־לְהַשְׁחִ֔ית וַיִּמְעַ֖ל בַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה לְהַקְטִ֖יר עַל־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ | But when he became strong, his heart became haughty to the extent of ruining him, and he acted perversely towards the Lord his God, and he went to the temple of the Lord to burn incense on the incense altar. | haughty ← high. |
| 2 Chr 26:17 | וַיָּבֹ֥א אַחֲרָ֖יו עֲזַרְיָ֣הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְעִמּ֞וֹ כֹּהֲנִ֧ים ׀ לַיהוָ֛ה שְׁמוֹנִ֖ים בְּנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ | At this Azariah the priest came after him, and with him were priests to the Lord – eighty valiant men. |
at this: wider use of the vav.
valiant men ← sons of valour. |
| 2 Chr 26:18 | וַיַּעַמְד֞וּ עַל־עֻזִּיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹא־לְךָ֣ עֻזִּיָּ֗הוּ לְהַקְטִיר֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כִּ֣י לַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים בְּנֵי־אַהֲרֹ֛ן הַמְקֻדָּשִׁ֖ים לְהַקְטִ֑יר צֵ֤א מִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ כִּ֣י מָעַ֔לְתָּ וְלֹֽא־לְךָ֥ לְכָב֖וֹד מֵיְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And they confronted King Uzziah and said to him, “It is not permitted for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the Lord, for it is reserved for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who have been sanctified to burn incense. Go out of the sanctuary, for you have acted perversely, and it is not your lot to be for the glory of the Lord God.” | |
| 2 Chr 26:19 | וַיִּזְעַף֙ עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וּבְיָד֥וֹ מִקְטֶ֖רֶת לְהַקְטִ֑יר וּבְזַעְפּ֣וֹ עִם־הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וְ֠הַצָּרַעַת זָרְחָ֨ה בְמִצְח֜וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לְמִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ | And Uzziah became enraged while the censer for burning incense was in his hand, and while he was enraged with the priests, leprosy arose on his forehead in the presence of the priests in the house of the Lord, as he stood beside the incense altar. | beside ← above, but see [BDB] p.759. |
| 2 Chr 26:20 | וַיִּ֣פֶן אֵלָ֡יו עֲזַרְיָהוּ֩ כֹהֵ֨ן הָרֹ֜אשׁ וְכָל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וְהִנֵּה־ה֤וּא מְצֹרָע֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיַּבְהִל֖וּהוּ מִשָּׁ֑ם וְגַם־הוּא֙ נִדְחַ֣ף לָצֵ֔את כִּ֥י נִגְּע֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ | And Azariah the head priest and all the priests turned their eyes to him, and what they saw was that he was leprous on his forehead, and they quickly ejected him from there, and he also hastened to get out, for the Lord had struck him. | what they saw was that ← behold. |
| 2 Chr 26:21 | וַיְהִי֩ עֻזִּיָּ֨הוּ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מְצֹרָ֣ע ׀ עַד־י֣וֹם מוֹת֗וֹ וַיֵּ֜שֶׁב בֵּ֤ית *החפשות **הַֽחָפְשִׁית֙ מְצֹרָ֔ע כִּ֥י נִגְזַ֖ר מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וְיוֹתָ֤ם בְּנוֹ֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שׁוֹפֵ֖ט אֶת־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ | So King Uzziah was leprous until the day of his death, and he stayed in the infirmary as a leper, because he was excluded from the house of the Lord, and Jotham his son was in charge of the king's house, judging the people of the land. |
infirmary: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning.
|| 2 Ki 15:5. stayed ← sat; dwelt. excluded ← secluded. |
| 2 Chr 26:22 | וְיֶ֙תֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאֲחֲרֹנִ֑ים כָּתַ֛ב יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹץ הַנָּבִֽיא׃ | And Isaiah the son of Amoz, the prophet, wrote the rest of the affairs of Uzziah – the first and the last. |
|| 2 Ki 15:6.
wrote: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. |
| 2 Chr 26:23 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָיו֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֤ה הַקְּבוּרָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמְּלָכִ֔ים כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ מְצוֹרָ֣ע ה֑וּא וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יוֹתָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Uzziah lay with his fathers, and with his fathers they buried him, in the burial field which is for the kings, for they said, “He was a leper.” And Jotham his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 15:7, 1 Chr 3:12.
with his fathers ... with his fathers: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| 2 Chr 27:1 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יוֹתָ֣ם בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ יְרוּשָׁ֖ה בַּת־צָדֽוֹק׃ | Jotham was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for sixteen years. And the name of his mother was Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok. | || 2 Ki 15:33. |
| 2 Chr 27:2 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֜ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה כְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ עֻזִּיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֔יו רַ֕ק לֹא־בָ֖א אֶל־הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה וְע֥וֹד הָעָ֖ם מַשְׁחִיתִֽים׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, like everything which Uzziah his father did, except that he did not go to the temple of the Lord. And the people were still acting in a corrupt way. | || 2 Ki 15:34, 2 Ki 15:35. |
| 2 Chr 27:3 | ה֗וּא בָּנָ֛ה אֶת־שַׁ֥עַר בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה הָעֶלְי֑וֹן וּבְחוֹמַ֥ת הָעֹ֛פֶל בָּנָ֖ה לָרֹֽב׃ | He built the upper gate to the house of the Lord, and at the wall of the Ophel he built profusely. |
|| 2 Ki 15:35.
Ophel: or rise. |
| 2 Chr 27:4 | וְעָרִ֥ים בָּנָ֖ה בְּהַר־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּבֶחֳרָשִׁ֣ים בָּנָ֔ה בִּֽירָנִיּ֖וֹת וּמִגְדָּלִֽים׃ | And he built the cities in the mountain ranges of Judah, and in the woods he built fortresses and towers. | |
| 2 Chr 27:5 | וְ֠הוּא נִלְחַ֞ם עִם־מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן֮ וַיֶּחֱזַ֣ק עֲלֵיהֶם֒ וַיִּתְּנוּ־ל֨וֹ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִ֗יא מֵאָה֙ כִּכַּר־כֶּ֔סֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֤ים כֹּרִים֙ חִטִּ֔ים וּשְׂעוֹרִ֖ים עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֑ים זֹ֗את הֵשִׁ֤יבוּ לוֹ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן ס וּבַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית וְהַשְּׁלִשִֽׁית׃ | And he fought against the king of the Ammonites, and he prevailed over them, and the Ammonites gave him one hundred talents of silver and ten thousand cors of wheat, and ten thousand of barley in that year. That is what the Ammonites remitted to him, also in the second year and the third. |
fought against ← fought with. See Gen 14:8.
Ammonites (2x) ← sons of Ammon. talents: see Ex 25:39. cor: about 60 imperial gallons or 270 litres. |
| 2 Chr 27:6 | וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֖ק יוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֚י הֵכִ֣ין דְּרָכָ֔יו לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | And Jotham gained strength, for he established his ways before the Lord his God. | |
| 2 Chr 27:7 | וְיֶתֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י יוֹתָ֔ם וְכָל־מִלְחֲמֹתָ֖יו וּדְרָכָ֑יו הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | And as for the rest of the exploits of Jotham, and all his wars and his ways, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. |
|| 2 Ki 15:36.
they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 27:8 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְחָמֵ֛שׁ שָׁנָ֖ה הָיָ֣ה בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | He was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 27:9 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב יוֹתָם֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בְּעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָחָ֥ז בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Jotham lay with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David, and Ahaz his son reigned in his place. | || 2 Ki 15:38, 1 Chr 3:13. |
| 2 Chr 28:1 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ אָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֧ה הַיָּשָׁ֛ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כְּדָוִ֥יד אָבִֽיו׃ | Ahaz was twenty years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. But he did not do what was right in the eyes of the Lord like David his father. | || 2 Ki 16:2. |
| 2 Chr 28:2 | וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּדַרְכֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְגַ֧ם מַסֵּכ֛וֹת עָשָׂ֖ה לַבְּעָלִֽים׃ | And he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and he also made castings to the Baalim. | || 2 Ki 16:3. |
| 2 Chr 28:3 | וְה֥וּא הִקְטִ֖יר בְּגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם וַיַּבְעֵ֤ר אֶת־בָּנָיו֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ כְּתֹֽעֲבוֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he burned incense in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, and he set his sons on fire like the abominations of the Gentiles whom the Lord dispossessed before the sons of Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 16:3.
the Valley of ... Hinnom: see Josh 15:8. set ... on fire: exchanging beth and ayin gives made pass over, as in 2 Ki 16:3. |
| 2 Chr 28:4 | וַיְזַבֵּ֧חַ וַיְקַטֵּ֛ר בַּבָּמ֖וֹת וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֑וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃ | And he sacrificed and burned incense on the idolatrous raised sites and on the hills and under every luxuriant tree. | || 2 Ki 16:4. |
| 2 Chr 28:5 | וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֜הוּ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָיו֮ בְּיַ֣ד מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָם֒ וַיַּ֨כּוּ־ב֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁבּ֤וּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ שִׁבְיָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ דַּרְמָ֑שֶׂק וְ֠גַם בְּיַד־מֶ֤לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נִתָּ֔ן וַיַּךְ־בּ֖וֹ מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃ ס | And the Lord his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Aramaea, and they struck him and took a large body of his men captive, and they brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who struck him with a great blow. | took a large body of his men captive ← took captive from him great captivity. |
| 2 Chr 28:6 | וַיַּהֲרֹג֩ פֶּ֨קַח בֶּן־רְמַלְיָ֜הוּ בִּֽיהוּדָ֗ה מֵאָ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד הַכֹּ֣ל בְּנֵי־חָ֑יִל בְּעָזְבָ֕ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתָֽם׃ | And Pekah the son of Remaliah killed one hundred and twenty thousand people in Judah in one day – all valiant men – because of them forsaking the Lord God of their fathers. | because of them forsaking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 28:7 | וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֞ג זִכְרִ֣י ׀ גִּבּ֣וֹר אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאֶת־עַזְרִיקָ֖ם נְגִ֣יד הַבָּ֑יִת וְאֶת־אֶלְקָנָ֖ה מִשְׁנֵ֥ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And Zichri, a warrior of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king's son, and Azrikam the superintendent of the house, and Elkanah the king's deputy. | |
| 2 Chr 28:8 | וַיִּשְׁבּוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל מֵֽאֲחֵיהֶ֜ם מָאתַ֣יִם אֶ֗לֶף נָשִׁים֙ בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֔וֹת וְגַם־שָׁלָ֥ל רָ֖ב בָּזְז֣וּ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ל לְשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ ס | And the sons of Israel took from their brothers two hundred thousand women, sons and daughters captive, and they also stripped much spoil from them, and they brought the spoil to Samaria. | |
| 2 Chr 28:9 | וְ֠שָׁם הָיָ֨ה נָבִ֥יא לַֽיהוָה֮ עֹדֵ֣ד שְׁמוֹ֒ וַיֵּצֵ֗א לִפְנֵ֤י הַצָּבָא֙ הַבָּ֣א לְשֹׁמְר֔וֹן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם הִ֠נֵּה בַּחֲמַ֨ת יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה נְתָנָ֣ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַתַּֽהַרְגוּ־בָ֣ם בְזַ֔עַף עַ֥ד לַשָּׁמַ֖יִם הִגִּֽיעַ׃ | But there was a prophet of the Lord there whose name was Oded, and he went out before the army which had come back to Samaria, and he said to them, “You see how in the fury of the Lord God of your fathers with Judah, he delivered them into your hand, and you have killed them in a rage, and it has reached heaven. | you see how ← behold. |
| 2 Chr 28:10 | וְ֠עַתָּה בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה וִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֔ים לִכְבֹּ֛שׁ לַעֲבָדִ֥ים וְלִשְׁפָח֖וֹת לָכֶ֑ם הֲלֹ֤א רַק־אַתֶּם֙ עִמָּכֶ֣ם אֲשָׁמ֔וֹת לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ | And now as for the sons of Judah and Jerusalem, you say that you will subjugate them as slaves and maidservants for yourselves. Is it not precisely the case that you are with guilt towards the Lord your God? | you are with guilt ← you (are) with you guilts. |
| 2 Chr 28:11 | וְעַתָּ֣ה שְׁמָע֔וּנִי וְהָשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ הַשִּׁבְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁבִיתֶ֖ם מֵאֲחֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֛י חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ ס | So now, hear me, and rescind the captivity with which you have made captives of your brothers, for the furious anger of the Lord is on you.” | |
| 2 Chr 28:12 | וַיָּקֻ֨מוּ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מֵרָאשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם עֲזַרְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־יְהֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּרֶכְיָ֣הוּ בֶן־מְשִׁלֵּמ֔וֹת וִֽיחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־שַׁלֻּ֔ם וַעֲמָשָׂ֖א בֶּן־חַדְלָ֑י עַל־הַבָּאִ֖ים מִן־הַצָּבָֽא׃ | Then some men from the heads of the sons of Ephraim arose – Azariah the son of Jehohanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Hezekiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai – against those coming back from the war. |
Jehohanan: see Ezra 10:6.
Hezekiah: MT and AV here = Jehizkiah, but this is essentially the same name as for King Hezekiah (2 Ki 16:20), and we show the equivalence to the traditional English name. See also Neh 10:18 (Neh 10:17AV). |
| 2 Chr 28:13 | וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם לֹא־תָבִ֤יאוּ אֶת־הַשִּׁבְיָה֙ הֵ֔נָּה כִּי֩ לְאַשְׁמַ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֔ים לְהֹסִ֥יף עַל־חַטֹּאתֵ֖ינוּ וְעַל־אַשְׁמָתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־רַבָּ֤ה אַשְׁמָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַחֲר֥וֹן אָ֖ף עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס | And they said to them, “You shall not bring the body of captives here, for what you are propounding would entail a guilty verdict from the Lord against us, in adding to our sins and to our guilt, for our guilt is great, and there is furious anger on Israel.” |
for what you are propounding would entail a guilty verdict from the Lord against us: AV differs (for whereas we have offended against the LORD already).
in adding: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 28:14 | וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הֶֽחָל֗וּץ אֶת־הַשִּׁבְיָה֙ וְאֶת־הַבִּזָּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְכָל־הַקָּהָֽל׃ | At this the army relinquished possession of the body of captives and the spoil in the presence of the officials and the whole convocation. | at this: wider use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 28:15 | וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֩ אֲשֶׁר־נִקְּב֨וּ בְשֵׁמ֜וֹת וַיַּחֲזִ֣יקוּ בַשִּׁבְיָ֗ה וְכָֽל־מַעֲרֻמֵּיהֶם֮ הִלְבִּ֣ישׁוּ מִן־הַשָּׁלָל֒ וַיַּלְבִּשׁ֣וּם וַ֠יַּנְעִלוּם וַיַּאֲכִל֨וּם וַיַּשְׁק֜וּם וַיְסֻכ֗וּם וַיְנַהֲל֤וּם בַּחֲמֹרִים֙ לְכָל־כּוֹשֵׁ֔ל וַיְבִיא֛וּם יְרֵח֥וֹ עִיר־הַתְּמָרִ֖ים אֵ֣צֶל אֲחֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּשׁ֖וּבוּ שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃ פ | And those men who were specified by name arose and refreshed the body of captives, and they clothed all the naked among them from the spoil, and they clothed them and shod them, and they fed them and gave them drink, and they anointed them and brought everyone who was flagging on donkeys, and they brought them to Jericho, the City of Palm Trees, in company with their brothers. Then they returned to Samaria. |
refreshed ← strengthened, assisted.
brought (first occurrence in verse) ← led. |
| 2 Chr 28:16 | בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא שָׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ אָחָ֛ז עַל־מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֖וּר לַעְזֹ֥ר לֽוֹ׃ | At that time King Ahaz sent a request to the kings of Assyria to help him. | || 2 Ki 16:7. |
| 2 Chr 28:17 | וְע֥וֹד אֲדוֹמִ֖ים בָּ֑אוּ וַיַּכּ֥וּ בִיהוּדָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁבּוּ־שֶֽׁבִי׃ | And the Edomites came again and attacked Judah and took captives. | took captives ← took captive a body of captives. |
| 2 Chr 28:18 | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פָּשְׁט֗וּ בְּעָרֵ֨י הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה וְהַנֶּגֶב֮ לִֽיהוּדָה֒ וַֽ֠יִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־אַיָּל֜וֹן וְאֶת־הַגְּדֵר֗וֹת וְאֶת־שׂוֹכ֤וֹ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־תִּמְנָ֣ה וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־גִּמְז֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ שָֽׁם׃ | And the Philistines raided the cities of the lowlands and the south of Judah, and they captured Beth-Shemesh and Aijalon and Gederoth and Sochoh and its satellite villages, and Timnah and its satellite villages, and Gimzo and its satellite villages, and they lived there. | Sochoh: see 1 Sam 17:1. |
| 2 Chr 28:19 | כִּֽי־הִכְנִ֤יעַ יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֔ה בַּעֲב֖וּר אָחָ֣ז מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י הִפְרִ֙יעַ֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה וּמָע֥וֹל מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָֽה׃ | For the Lord humbled Judah on account of Ahaz king of Israel, because he had caused disorder in Judah and had acted thoroughly perversely against the Lord. |
Israel: LXX Vulgate and some manuscripts Judah. See [BHS-CA].
because he had caused disorder in Judah: AV differs (for he made Judah naked). acted thoroughly perversely: infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Chr 28:20 | וַיָּבֹ֣א עָלָ֔יו תִּלְּגַ֥ת פִּלְנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיָּ֥צַר ל֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א חֲזָקֽוֹ׃ | And Tilgath-Pilneser king of Assyria came to him, and Ahaz was in distress, but Tilgath-Pilneser did not strengthen him. |
Tilgath-Pilneser: in 2 Kings, Tiglath-Pileser.
and Ahaz was in distress: AV differs (and distressed him), which does not fit the context. |
| 2 Chr 28:21 | כִּֽי־חָלַ֤ק אָחָז֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים וַיִּתֵּן֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְלֹ֥א לְעֶזְרָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ | For Ahaz had raided the house of the Lord and the house of the king and of the officials, and he had given the proceeds to the king of Assyria, but he wasn't any help to him. | || 2 Ki 16:8. |
| 2 Chr 28:22 | וּבְעֵת֙ הָצֵ֣ר ל֔וֹ וַיּ֖וֹסֶף לִמְע֣וֹל בַּיהוָ֑ה ה֖וּא הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אָחָֽז׃ | Yet at the time he was in straits, he acted perversely towards the Lord again – he being King Ahaz. | |
| 2 Chr 28:23 | וַיִּזְבַּ֗ח לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י דַרְמֶשֶׂק֮ הַמַּכִּ֣ים בּוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּ֠י אֱלֹהֵ֤י מַלְכֵֽי־אֲרָם֙ הֵ֚ם מַעְזְרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם לָהֶ֥ם אֲזַבֵּ֖חַ וְיַעְזְר֑וּנִי וְהֵ֛ם הָֽיוּ־ל֥וֹ לְהַכְשִׁיל֖וֹ וּלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus which were beleaguering him, and he said, “Since the gods of the kings of Aramaea help them, I will sacrifice to them, and they will help me.” But they were the cause of him stumbling, and of all Israel. | of him stumbling: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 28:24 | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף אָחָ֜ז אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י בֵית־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיְקַצֵּץ֙ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י בֵית־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּסְגֹּ֖ר אֶת־דַּלְת֣וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ ל֧וֹ מִזְבְּח֛וֹת בְּכָל־פִּנָּ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And Ahaz collected the equipment of the house of God and cut up the equipment of the house of God, and he shut the doors of the house of the Lord, and he made altars for himself in every corner in Jerusalem. | the house of God ... the house of God: otiose, but see Gen 12:5. |
| 2 Chr 28:25 | וּבְכָל־עִ֨יר וָעִ֤יר לִֽיהוּדָה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה בָמ֔וֹת לְקַטֵּ֖ר לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיַּכְעֵ֕ס אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And in every single city of Judah he made idolatrous raised sites on which to burn incense to other gods, and he provoked the Lord God of his fathers to anger. | |
| 2 Chr 28:26 | וְיֶ֤תֶר דְּבָרָיו֙ וְכָל־דְּרָכָ֔יו הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאַחֲרוֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And the rest of his exploits and all his ways – the first and the last – they are to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 16:19.
they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 28:27 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב אָחָ֜ז עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֤הוּ בָעִיר֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּ֚י לֹ֣א הֱבִיאֻ֔הוּ לְקִבְרֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְחִזְקִיָּ֥הֽוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Ahaz lay with his fathers, and they buried him in the city in Jerusalem, for they did not bring him to the tombs of the kings of Israel. And Hezekiah his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 16:20, 1 Chr 3:13.
Hezekiah ← Jehizkiahu here, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. Compare 2 Ki 16:20 for other spellings in 2 Kings. |
| 2 Chr 29:1 | יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מָלַ֗ךְ בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים וָתֵ֙שַׁע֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ אֲבִיָּ֖ה בַּת־זְכַרְיָֽהוּ׃ | Hezekiah started to reign when he was twenty-five years old, and he reigned in Jerusalem for twenty-nine years. And the name of his mother was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. |
|| 2 Ki 18:2.
Zechariah: as AV here. See 2 Ki 18:2. |
| 2 Chr 29:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה דָּוִ֥יד אָבִֽיו׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, like everything that his father David did. |
|| 2 Ki 18:3.
father: standing for forefather. |
| 2 Chr 29:3 | ה֣וּא בַשָּׁנָה֩ הָרִאשׁוֹנָ֨ה לְמָלְכ֜וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן פָּתַ֛ח אֶת־דַּלְת֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽיְחַזְּקֵֽם׃ | It was he who in the first year of his reign, in the first month, opened the doors of the house of the Lord and repaired them. | |
| 2 Chr 29:4 | וַיָּבֵ֥א אֶת־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַיַּֽאַסְפֵ֖ם לִרְח֥וֹב הַמִּזְרָֽח׃ | And he brought the priests and the Levites in, and he assembled them in the East Square. | |
| 2 Chr 29:5 | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לָהֶ֖ם שְׁמָע֣וּנִי הַלְוִיִּ֑ם עַתָּ֣ה הִֽתְקַדְּשׁ֗וּ וְקַדְּשׁוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְהוֹצִ֥יאוּ אֶת־הַנִּדָּ֖ה מִן־הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ | And he said to them, “Listen to me, you Levites. Sanctify yourselves now, and sanctify the house of the Lord God of your fathers, and remove the uncleanness from the sanctuary. | |
| 2 Chr 29:6 | כִּֽי־מָעֲל֣וּ אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ וְעָשׂ֥וּ הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ וַיַּֽעַזְבֻ֑הוּ וַיַּסֵּ֧בּוּ פְנֵיהֶ֛ם מִמִּשְׁכַּ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּתְּנוּ־עֹֽרֶף׃ | For our fathers acted perversely and did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord our God, and they forsook him, and they turned their faces away from the Lord's tabernacle and showed him the back of the neck. | showed ← gave. |
| 2 Chr 29:7 | גַּ֣ם סָֽגְר֞וּ דַּלְת֣וֹת הָאוּלָ֗ם וַיְכַבּוּ֙ אֶת־הַנֵּר֔וֹת וּקְטֹ֖רֶת לֹ֣א הִקְטִ֑ירוּ וְעֹלָה֙ לֹא־הֶעֱל֣וּ בַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ לֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | They also shut the doors of the hall, and they extinguished the candles, and they did not burn incense, nor did they make any burnt offerings in the holy place to the God of Israel. | |
| 2 Chr 29:8 | וַיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף יְהוָ֔ה עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּתְּנֵ֤ם *לזועה **לְזַֽעֲוָה֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר אַתֶּ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ | And the anger of the Lord came on Judah and Jerusalem, and he made them a horror and a desolation and an object of jeering, as you see with your eyes. |
horror: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. NH is as the ketiv.
came ← became. jeering ← whistling. |
| 2 Chr 29:9 | וְהִנֵּ֛ה נָפְל֥וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֖ינוּ בֶּחָ֑רֶב וּבָנֵ֨ינוּ וּבְנוֹתֵ֧ינוּ וְנָשֵׁ֛ינוּ בַּשְּׁבִ֖י עַל־זֹֽאת׃ | And the result was that our fathers fell by the sword, and our sons and our daughters and our wives went into captivity for this. | the result was that ← behold. |
| 2 Chr 29:10 | עַתָּה֙ עִם־לְבָבִ֔י לִכְר֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְיָשֹׁ֥ב מִמֶּ֖נּוּ חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ | It is now in my heart to make a covenant with the Lord God of Israel, so that the fury of his wrath may turn away from us. | make ← cut. |
| 2 Chr 29:11 | בָּנַ֕י עַתָּ֖ה אַל־תִּשָּׁל֑וּ כִּֽי־בָכֶ֞ם בָּחַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲמֹ֤ד לְפָנָיו֙ לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וְלִהְי֥וֹת ל֖וֹ מְשָׁרְתִ֥ים וּמַקְטִרִֽים׃ ס | My sons, do not now be lax, for the Lord has chosen you to stand before him to serve him and to be his servants and incense-burners.” | |
| 2 Chr 29:12 | וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ הַ֠לְוִיִּם מַ֣חַת בֶּן־עֲמָשַׂ֞י וְיוֹאֵ֣ל בֶּן־עֲזַרְיָהוּ֮ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י הַקְּהָתִי֒ וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֔י קִ֚ישׁ בֶּן־עַבְדִּ֔י וַעֲזַרְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהַלֶּלְאֵ֑ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣רְשֻׁנִּ֔י יוֹאָח֙ בֶּן־זִמָּ֔ה וְעֵ֖דֶן בֶּן־יוֹאָֽח׃ | And the Levites arose: Mahath the son of Amasai, and Joel the son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites; and from the sons of Merari, Kish the son of Abdi and Azariah the son of Jehalelel; and from the Gershonites, Joah the son of Zimmah and Eden the son of Joah; | |
| 2 Chr 29:13 | וּמִן־בְּנֵי֙ אֱלִ֣יצָפָ֔ן שִׁמְרִ֖י *ויעואל **וִיעִיאֵ֑ל וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י אָסָ֔ף זְכַרְיָ֖הוּ וּמַתַּנְיָֽהוּ׃ ס | and from the sons of Elizaphan, Shimri and {Q: Jeiel} [K: Jeuel]; and from the sons of Asaph, Zechariah and Mattaniah; | |
| 2 Chr 29:14 | וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י הֵימָ֖ן *יחואל **יְחִיאֵ֣ל וְשִׁמְעִ֑י ס וּמִן־בְּנֵ֣י יְדוּת֔וּן שְׁמַֽעְיָ֖ה וְעֻזִּיאֵֽל׃ | and from the sons of Heman, {Q: Jehiel} [K: Jehuel] and Shimei; and from the sons of Jeduthun, Shemaiah and Uzziel. | |
| 2 Chr 29:15 | וַיַּֽאַסְפ֤וּ אֶת־אֲחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּֽתְקַדְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ כְמִצְוַת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּדִבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לְטַהֵ֖ר בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And they gathered their brothers and sanctified themselves, and they came in, according to the king's commandment, on the Lord's business – to cleanse the house of the Lord. | business ← words, things, affairs. |
| 2 Chr 29:16 | וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הַ֠כֹּהֲנִים לִפְנִ֣ימָה בֵית־יְהוָה֮ לְטַהֵר֒ וַיּוֹצִ֗יאוּ אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַטֻּמְאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָֽצְאוּ֙ בְּהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה לַחֲצַ֖ר בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיְקַבְּלוּ֙ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא לְנַֽחַל־קִדְר֖וֹן חֽוּצָה׃ | So the priests came into the interior of the house of the Lord to cleanse it, and they took all the defilement which they found in the Lord's temple out to the courtyard of the house of the Lord, and the Levites took charge of it, to take it outside to the Kidron Brook. | |
| 2 Chr 29:17 | וַ֠יָּחֵלּוּ בְּאֶחָ֞ד לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֮ לְקַדֵּשׁ֒ וּבְי֧וֹם שְׁמוֹנָ֣ה לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ בָּ֚אוּ לְאוּלָ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וַיְקַדְּשׁ֥וּ אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה לְיָמִ֣ים שְׁמוֹנָ֑ה וּבְי֨וֹם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן כִּלּֽוּ׃ ס | And they began on the first day of the first month to do the sanctification, and on the eighth day of the month they entered the hall of the Lord, and they sanctified the house of the Lord for eight days, and on the sixteenth day of the first month, they finished. | do the sanctification ← to sanctify. |
| 2 Chr 29:18 | וַיָּב֤וֹאוּ פְנִ֙ימָה֙ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ טִהַ֖רְנוּ אֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הָעוֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֶת־שֻׁלְחַ֥ן הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָֽיו׃ | And they went inside to Hezekiah the king and said, “We have cleansed the whole house of the Lord, the burnt offering altar and all its equipment and the showbread table, and all its equipment. | showbread ← arrangement. |
| 2 Chr 29:19 | וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִזְנִיחַ֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אָחָ֧ז בְּמַלְכוּת֛וֹ בְּמַעֲל֖וֹ הֵכַ֣נּוּ וְהִקְדָּ֑שְׁנוּ וְהִנָּ֕ם לִפְנֵ֖י מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And we have prepared and sanctified all the equipment which King Ahaz abused in his reign in his perverseness. And they are before the Lord's altar.” |
abused ← spurned, rejected.
they are ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 29:20 | וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֕ף אֵ֖ת שָׂרֵ֣י הָעִ֑יר וַיַּ֖עַל בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | Then King Hezekiah rose early and gathered the officials of the city, and he went up to the house of the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 29:21 | וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ פָרִים־שִׁבְעָה֩ וְאֵילִ֨ים שִׁבְעָ֜ה וּכְבָשִׂ֣ים שִׁבְעָ֗ה וּצְפִירֵ֨י עִזִּ֤ים שִׁבְעָה֙ לְחַטָּ֔את עַל־הַמַּמְלָכָ֥ה וְעַל־הַמִּקְדָּ֖שׁ וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לִבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים לְהַעֲל֖וֹת עַל־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָֽה׃ | And they brought seven bulls and seven rams and seven lambs and seven he-goats as a sin-offering for the kingdom and for the sanctuary and for Judah, and he told the sons of Aaron – the priests – to make the offering on the Lord's altar. | he-goats ← bucks of the goats. |
| 2 Chr 29:22 | וַֽיִּשְׁחֲטוּ֙ הַבָּקָ֔ר וַיְקַבְּל֤וּ הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וַֽיִּזְרְק֖וּ הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וַיִּשְׁחֲט֣וּ הָאֵלִ֗ים וַיִּזְרְק֤וּ הַדָּם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה וַֽיִּשְׁחֲטוּ֙ הַכְּבָשִׂ֔ים וַיִּזְרְק֥וּ הַדָּ֖ם הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ | So they slaughtered the bulls, and the priests collected the blood and sprinkled it on the altar, and they slaughtered the rams and sprinkled the blood on the altar, and they slaughtered the lambs and sprinkled the blood on the altar. |
collected ← received.
on the altar (3x) ← onto the altar. |
| 2 Chr 29:23 | וַיַּגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ אֶת־שְׂעִירֵ֣י הַֽחַטָּ֔את לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַקָּהָ֑ל וַיִּסְמְכ֥וּ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ | And they brought the goats for the sin-offering before the king and the convocation, and they laid their hands on them, | |
| 2 Chr 29:24 | וַיִּשְׁחָטוּם֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַֽיְחַטְּא֤וּ אֶת־דָּמָם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הָעוֹלָ֖ה וְהַחַטָּֽאת׃ | and the priests slaughtered them and offered their blood as a sin-offering on the altar to make atonement for all Israel, for the king had said to make a burnt offering and a sin-offering for the whole of Israel. | on the altar ← onto the altar. |
| 2 Chr 29:25 | וַיַּֽעֲמֵ֨ד אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֜ם בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֗ה בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ בִּנְבָלִ֣ים וּבְכִנֹּר֔וֹת בְּמִצְוַ֥ת דָּוִ֛יד וְגָ֥ד חֹזֵֽה־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְנָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֑יא כִּ֧י בְיַד־יְהוָ֛ה הַמִּצְוָ֖ה בְּיַד־נְבִיאָֽיו׃ ס | And he marshalled the Levites to the house of the Lord with their timbrels and lutes and harps in accordance with the commandment of David, and Gad the king's seer, and Nathan the prophet, for the commandment was given by the Lord through the intermediacy of his prophets. |
marshalled ← made stand.
given by ... through the intermediacy ← by the hand of ... by the hand of. |
| 2 Chr 29:26 | וַיַּֽעַמְד֤וּ הַלְוִיִּם֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י דָוִ֔יד וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בַּחֲצֹצְרֽוֹת׃ ס | So the Levites stood with the instruments specified by David, as did the priests with trumpets. | |
| 2 Chr 29:27 | וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ לְהַעֲל֥וֹת הָעֹלָ֖ה לְהַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּבְעֵ֞ת הֵחֵ֣ל הָֽעוֹלָ֗ה הֵחֵ֤ל שִׁיר־יְהוָה֙ וְהַחֲצֹ֣צְר֔וֹת וְעַ֨ל־יְדֵ֔י כְּלֵ֖י דָּוִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Hezekiah told them to make the burnt offering on the altar. And at the time when the burnt offering began, the song of the Lord began, with the trumpets, and in accompaniment were the instruments specified by David king of Israel. |
on the altar ← for the altar.
in accompaniment ← at the hands of, or by the side of. |
| 2 Chr 29:28 | וְכָל־הַקָּהָל֙ מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔ים וְהַשִּׁ֣יר מְשׁוֹרֵ֔ר וְהַחֲצֹצְר֖וֹת *מחצצרים **מַחְצְרִ֑ים הַכֹּ֕ל עַ֖ד לִכְל֥וֹת הָעֹלָֽה׃ | And the whole convocation was worshipping, and the choir was singing, and the trumpet-players were playing the trumpet. All this went on until the burnt offering was completed. | were playing the trumpet: the ketiv and qeré are similar words with the same meaning. |
| 2 Chr 29:29 | וּכְכַלּ֖וֹת לְהַעֲל֑וֹת כָּרְע֗וּ הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָֽל־הַנִּמְצְאִ֥ים אִתּ֖וֹ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ׃ | And when they had completed making the burnt offering, the king and all those present with him bowed and worshipped. | present ← found. |
| 2 Chr 29:30 | וַ֠יֹּאמֶר יְחִזְקִיָּ֨הוּ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ לַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְהַלֵּל֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּדִבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖יד וְאָסָ֣ף הַחֹזֶ֑ה וַֽיְהַלְלוּ֙ עַד־לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ׃ פ | And Hezekiah the king and the officials told the Levites to praise the Lord with the words of David and Asaph the seer. So they praised him with rejoicing, and they bowed down and worshipped. | |
| 2 Chr 29:31 | וַיַּ֨עַן יְחִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עַתָּ֨ה מִלֵּאתֶ֤ם יֶדְכֶם֙ לַיהוָ֔ה גֹּ֧שׁוּ וְהָבִ֛יאוּ זְבָחִ֥ים וְתוֹד֖וֹת לְבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּבִ֤יאוּ הַקָּהָל֙ זְבָחִ֣ים וְתוֹד֔וֹת וְכָל־נְדִ֥יב לֵ֖ב עֹלֽוֹת׃ | Then Hezekiah reacted and said, “You have taken up your responsibility to the Lord. Approach and bring sacrifices and thank-offerings to the house of the Lord.” So the convocation brought sacrifices and thank-offerings, and all those of a willing heart brought burnt offerings. |
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. Compare Gen 18:27.
taken up your responsibility ← filled your hand. |
| 2 Chr 29:32 | וַיְהִ֞י מִסְפַּ֣ר הָעֹלָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵבִ֣יאוּ הַקָּהָל֒ בָּקָ֣ר שִׁבְעִ֔ים אֵילִ֥ים מֵאָ֖ה כְּבָשִׂ֣ים מָאתָ֑יִם לְעֹלָ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ | And the number of burnt offerings which the convocation brought was seventy bulls, one hundred rams, and two hundred lambs. All these were for a burnt offering to the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 29:33 | וְֽהַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים בָּקָר֙ שֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וְצֹ֖אן שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִֽים׃ | And the consecrated cattle consisted of six hundred bulls and three thousand sheep. | |
| 2 Chr 29:34 | רַ֤ק הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ הָי֣וּ לִמְעָ֔ט וְלֹ֣א יָֽכְל֔וּ לְהַפְשִׁ֖יט אֶת־כָּל־הָעֹל֑וֹת וַֽיְּחַזְּק֞וּם אֲחֵיהֶ֣ם הַלְוִיִּ֗ם עַד־כְּל֤וֹת הַמְּלָאכָה֙ וְעַ֣ד יִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים כִּ֤י הַלְוִיִּם֙ יִשְׁרֵ֣י לֵבָ֔ב לְהִתְקַדֵּ֖שׁ מֵֽהַכֹּהֲנִֽים׃ | But the priests were few, and they were not able to skin all the burnt offerings, and their brothers the Levites assisted them until the completion of the work and until the priests had sanctified themselves, for the Levites were more upright in heart to sanctify themselves than the priests. | |
| 2 Chr 29:35 | וְגַם־עֹלָ֨ה לָרֹ֜ב בְּחֶלְבֵ֧י הַשְּׁלָמִ֛ים וּבַנְּסָכִ֖ים לָעֹלָ֑ה וַתִּכּ֖וֹן עֲבוֹדַ֥ת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | But the burnt offerings were nevertheless in abundance, with the fat of the peace-offerings and the libations to the burnt offerings. And the work of the house of the Lord was established. | burnt offerings ← burnt offering. Collective usage. |
| 2 Chr 29:36 | וַיִּשְׂמַ֤ח יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם עַ֛ל הַהֵכִ֥ין הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לָעָ֑ם כִּ֥י בְּפִתְאֹ֖ם הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָֽר׃ פ | And Hezekiah rejoiced, as did all the people, at what God had prepared for the people, for the thing happened suddenly. | at what God had prepared for the people: see [Ges-HG] §138i, definite article as a relative. AV differs (so God had prepared the people). |
| 2 Chr 30:1 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְחִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה וְגַֽם־אִגְּרוֹת֙ כָּתַב֙ עַל־אֶפְרַ֣יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לָב֥וֹא לְבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת פֶּ֔סַח לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And Hezekiah sent word to all of Israel and Judah, and he also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh, to come to the house of the Lord in Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover of the Lord God of Israel. | celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Chr 30:2 | וַיִּוָּעַ֨ץ הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ וְשָׂרָ֛יו וְכָל־הַקָּהָ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הַפֶּ֖סַח בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִֽי׃ | For the king had been counselled, with his officials and all the convocation in Jerusalem, to celebrate the Passover in the second month. | celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Chr 30:3 | כִּ֣י לֹ֧א יָכְל֛וּ לַעֲשֹׂת֖וֹ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא כִּ֤י הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ לֹֽא־הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמַדַּ֔י וְהָעָ֖ם לֹא־נֶאֶסְפ֥וּ לִֽירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | For they were not able to celebrate it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently and the people had not been gathered in Jerusalem. | celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Chr 30:4 | וַיִּישַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּבְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־הַקָּהָֽל׃ | And the matter was right in the eyes of the king and in the eyes of the whole convocation. | |
| 2 Chr 30:5 | וַיַּֽעֲמִ֣ידוּ דָבָ֗ר לְהַעֲבִ֨יר ק֤וֹל בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִבְּאֵֽר־שֶׁ֣בַע וְעַד־דָּ֔ן לָב֞וֹא לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת פֶּ֛סַח לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָרֹ֛ב עָשׂ֖וּ כַּכָּתֽוּב׃ | So they established the matter, to proclaim the announcement throughout all Israel, from Beersheba to Dan, to come to celebrate the Passover to the Lord God of Israel in Jerusalem, because for a long time they had not done what is written. |
announcement ← voice.
celebrate ← do. what ← as. |
| 2 Chr 30:6 | וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בָּֽאִגְּר֜וֹת מִיַּ֧ד הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ וְשָׂרָ֗יו בְּכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וּכְמִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֑ר בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שׁ֚וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָם֙ יִצְחָ֣ק וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־הַפְּלֵיטָ֔ה הַנִּשְׁאֶ֣רֶת לָכֶ֔ם מִכַּ֖ף מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | And the couriers went with the letters handed to them by the king and his officials, through all Israel and Judah, and in accordance with the king's commandment, saying, “You sons of Israel, return to the Lord God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, in order that he may return to the remnant of yours who escaped from the grip of the kings of Assyria. |
handed to them by ← from the hand of.
in order that: purposive use of the vav. remnant ... who escaped ← escapees who remain. grip ← palm. |
| 2 Chr 30:7 | וְאַל־תִּֽהְי֗וּ כַּאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ וְכַ֣אֲחֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָעֲל֔וּ בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנֵ֣ם לְשַׁמָּ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אַתֶּ֥ם רֹאִֽים׃ | And do not be like your fathers and like your brothers who acted perversely against the Lord God of their fathers, when he made them a desolation, as you see. | |
| 2 Chr 30:8 | עַתָּ֕ה אַל־תַּקְשׁ֥וּ עָרְפְּכֶ֖ם כַּאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם תְּנוּ־יָ֣ד לַיהוָ֗ה וּבֹ֤אוּ לְמִקְדָּשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדִּ֣ישׁ לְעוֹלָ֔ם וְעִבְדוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם וְיָשֹׁ֥ב מִכֶּ֖ם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ | Do not now be stiff-necked like your fathers; offer the hand of obedience to the Lord and come to his sanctuary which he has sanctified age-abidingly, and serve the Lord your God, so that the fury of his anger is turned away from you. | be stiff-necked ← stiffen your necks. |
| 2 Chr 30:9 | כִּ֣י בְשׁוּבְכֶ֞ם עַל־יְהוָ֗ה אֲחֵיכֶ֨ם וּבְנֵיכֶ֤ם לְרַחֲמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י שֽׁוֹבֵיהֶ֔ם וְלָשׁ֖וּב לָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את כִּֽי־חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יָסִ֤יר פָּנִים֙ מִכֶּ֔ם אִם־תָּשׁ֖וּבוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ פ | For in returning to the Lord, your brothers and your sons will find compassion from their captors, so that they can return to this land, for the Lord your God is merciful and compassionate, and he will not turn his face away from you, if you return to him.” |
in returning ← in your returning. Gerundial use of the infinitive.
from ← before. |
| 2 Chr 30:10 | וַיִּֽהְי֨וּ הָרָצִ֜ים עֹבְרִ֨ים מֵעִ֧יר ׀ לָעִ֛יר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־אֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְעַד־זְבֻל֑וּן וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ מַשְׂחִיקִ֣ים עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמַלְעִגִ֖ים בָּֽם׃ | And the couriers would cross from city to city in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh, and as far as Zebulun, but the people would mock them and scorn them. | |
| 2 Chr 30:11 | אַךְ־אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מֵאָשֵׁ֥ר וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וּמִזְּבֻל֑וּן נִֽכְנְע֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But men from Asher and Manasseh and from Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 30:12 | גַּ֣ם בִּיהוּדָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ יַ֣ד הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם לֵ֣ב אֶחָ֑ד לַעֲשׂ֞וֹת מִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ | Also in Judah there was the hand of God to give them unanimity to carry out the commandment of the king and the officials on the Lord's business. | unanimity ← one heart. |
| 2 Chr 30:13 | וַיֵּֽאָסְפ֤וּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ עַם־רָ֔ב לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת אֶת־חַ֥ג הַמַּצּ֖וֹת בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֑י קָהָ֖ל לָרֹ֥ב מְאֹֽד׃ | So a large number of people assembled in Jerusalem to celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread in the second month – a very large convocation. | celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Chr 30:14 | וַיָּקֻ֕מוּ וַיָּסִ֙ירוּ֙ אֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַֽמְקַטְּרוֹת֙ הֵסִ֔ירוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֖יכוּ לְנַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ | And they arose and removed the altars which were in Jerusalem, and they removed all the incense altars, and they threw them in the Kidron Brook. | |
| 2 Chr 30:15 | וַיִּשְׁחֲט֣וּ הַפֶּ֔סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֑י וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם נִכְלְמוּ֙ וַיִּֽתְקַדְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ עֹל֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And they slaughtered the Passover lamb on the fourteenth day of the second month, and the priests and the Levites felt shame, and they sanctified themselves, and they brought burnt offerings to the house of the Lord. | felt shame ← were put to shame. |
| 2 Chr 30:16 | וַיַּֽעַמְד֤וּ עַל־עָמְדָם֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם כְּתוֹרַ֖ת מֹשֶׁ֣ה אִישׁ־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ זֹרְקִ֣ים אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם מִיַּ֖ד הַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And they stood in their post according to their custom, in accordance with the law of Moses, the man of God, whereas the priests sprinkled the blood which was handed to them by the Levites. | which was handed to them by ← from the hand of. |
| 2 Chr 30:17 | כִּי־רַבַּ֥ת בַּקָּהָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־הִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ וְהַלְוִיִּ֞ם עַל־שְׁחִיטַ֣ת הַפְּסָחִ֗ים לְכֹל֙ לֹ֣א טָה֔וֹר לְהַקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַיהוָֽה׃ | For there were many in the convocation who had not sanctified themselves, and the Levites were in charge of the slaughter of the Passover lambs for all who were not clean, to sanctify them to the Lord. | |
| 2 Chr 30:18 | כִּ֣י מַרְבִּ֣ית הָעָ֡ם רַ֠בַּת מֵֽאֶפְרַ֨יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֜ה יִשָּׂשכָ֤ר וּזְבֻלוּן֙ לֹ֣א הִטֶּהָ֔רוּ כִּֽי־אָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֖סַח בְּלֹ֣א כַכָּת֑וּב כִּי֩ הִתְפַּלֵּ֨ל יְחִזְקִיָּ֤הוּ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב יְכַפֵּ֥ר בְּעַֽד׃ | For a large number of the people, many from Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun, had not purified themselves, for they had eaten the Passover lamb in a way not as written, but Hezekiah prayed for them and said, “May the good Lord forgive this for | forgive this ← atone for (it). |
| 2 Chr 30:19 | כָּל־לְבָב֣וֹ הֵכִ֔ין לִדְר֛וֹשׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֥ים ׀ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֑יו וְלֹ֖א כְּטָהֳרַ֥ת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ ס | everyone who has prepared his heart to seek God – the Lord God of his fathers – but is not clean according to the standards of holy cleanness.” | holy cleanness ← cleanness of holiness, a Hebraic genitive, or cleanness of the sanctuary. AV differs, ≈ our alternative. |
| 2 Chr 30:20 | וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּרְפָּ֖א אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ ס | And the Lord heard Hezekiah, and he healed the people. | |
| 2 Chr 30:21 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל הַנִּמְצְאִ֨ים בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אֶת־חַ֧ג הַמַּצּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וּֽמְהַלְלִ֣ים לַ֠יהוָה י֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֞וֹם הַלְוִיִּ֧ם וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים בִּכְלֵי־עֹ֖ז לַיהוָֽה׃ ס | And the sons of Israel who were present in Jerusalem celebrated the Festival of the Unleavened Bread for seven days with great joy, and the Levites and the priests praised the Lord each day accompanied by powerful instruments played to the Lord. |
present ← found.
celebrated ← did. each day ← day by day. |
| 2 Chr 30:22 | וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְחִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עַל־לֵב֙ כָּל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם הַמַּשְׂכִּילִ֥ים שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֖וֹב לַיהוָ֑ה וַיֹּאכְל֤וּ אֶת־הַמּוֹעֵד֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֔ים מְזַבְּחִים֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים וּמִ֨תְוַדִּ֔ים לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | And Hezekiah spoke warmheartedly to all the Levites who officiated with great skill towards the Lord, and they ate the sacrificed animal of the occasion for seven days, as they sacrificed peace-offerings and made confession to the Lord God of their fathers. |
warmheartedly ← to the heart. [CB], affectionately.
officiated with great skill ← acting skilfully (with) good skill. peace-offerings ← peace-sacrifices. |
| 2 Chr 30:23 | וַיִּוָּֽעֲצוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ שִׁבְעַת־יָמִ֖ים שִׂמְחָֽה׃ | And the whole convocation decided to celebrate another seven days, and they celebrated those seven days with joy. |
decided ← consulted.
celebrate ... celebrated ← do ... did. |
| 2 Chr 30:24 | כִּ֣י חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְ֠הוּדָה הֵרִ֨ים לַקָּהָ֜ל אֶ֣לֶף פָּרִים֮ וְשִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֣ים צֹאן֒ ס וְהַשָּׂרִ֞ים הֵרִ֤ימוּ לַקָּהָל֙ פָּרִ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וְצֹ֖אן עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֑ים וַיִּֽתְקַדְּשׁ֥וּ כֹהֲנִ֖ים לָרֹֽב׃ | For Hezekiah king of Judah contributed one thousand bulls and seven thousand sheep to the convocation, while the officials contributed one thousand bulls and ten thousand sheep to the convocation, and the priests sanctified themselves in abundance. | contributed ← raised, offered. |
| 2 Chr 30:25 | וַֽיִּשְׂמְח֣וּ ׀ כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְכָל־הַקָּהָ֖ל הַבָּאִ֣ים מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהַגֵּרִ֗ים הַבָּאִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַיּוֹשְׁבִ֖ים בִּיהוּדָֽה׃ | And the whole convocation of Judah rejoiced, as did the priests and the Levites, and the whole convocation which came from Israel, and the temporary residents who came from the land of Israel, and those who lived in Judah. | |
| 2 Chr 30:26 | וַתְּהִ֥י שִׂמְחָֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֠י מִימֵ֞י שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בֶן־דָּוִיד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֥א כָזֹ֖את בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | So there was great rejoicing in Jerusalem, for since the days of Solomon, the son of David, the king of Israel, there had not been anything like this in Jerusalem. | |
| 2 Chr 30:27 | וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים הַלְוִיִּם֙ וַיְבָרֲכ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשָּׁמַ֖ע בְּקוֹלָ֑ם וַתָּב֧וֹא תְפִלָּתָ֛ם לִמְע֥וֹן קָדְשׁ֖וֹ לַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ פ | Then the Levite priests arose and blessed the people and their voice was heard, and their prayer came to his holy dwelling place in the heavens. |
their voice was heard ← it was heard by their voice.
his holy dwelling place ← the dwelling of his holiness, a Hebraic genitive. in the heavens ← to the heavens. |
| 2 Chr 31:1 | וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת כָּל־זֹ֗את יָצְא֨וּ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הַֽנִּמְצְאִים֮ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָה֒ וַיְשַׁבְּר֣וּ הַמַּצֵּב֣וֹת וַיְגַדְּע֣וּ הָאֲשֵׁרִ֡ים וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠בָּמוֹת וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת מִכָּל־יְהוּדָ֧ה וּבִנְיָמִ֛ן וּבְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עַד־לְכַלֵּ֑ה וַיָּשׁ֜וּבוּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לַאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ לְעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | Then when all this was finished, all of Israel who were present went out to the cities of Judah, and they smashed the idolatrous statues, and they cut down the phallic parks, and they demolished the idolatrous raised sites and the altars in all Judah and Benjamin, and in Ephraim and Manasseh, until they had eliminated them, and all the sons of Israel returned, each to his estate in their cities. |
present ← found.
in all Judah ← from all Judah. in their cities ← to their cities. |
| 2 Chr 31:2 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֣ד יְחִזְקִיָּ֡הוּ אֶת־מַחְלְק֣וֹת הַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְ֠הַלְוִיִּם עַֽל־מַחְלְקוֹתָ֞ם אִ֣ישׁ ׀ כְּפִ֣י עֲבֹדָת֗וֹ לַכֹּהֲנִים֙ וְלַלְוִיִּ֔ם לְעֹלָ֖ה וְלִשְׁלָמִ֑ים לְשָׁרֵת֙ וּלְהֹד֣וֹת וּלְהַלֵּ֔ל בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֖י מַחֲנ֥וֹת יְהוָֽה׃ ס | And Hezekiah set up the divisions of the priests and the Levites, for them to be in their divisions, each according to his work, as assigned to the priests and the Levites, for the burnt offerings and the peace-offerings, so as to serve and give thanks and to praise at the gates of the Lord's encampment. | encampment ← encampments. |
| 2 Chr 31:3 | וּמְנָת֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ מִן־רְכוּשׁ֜וֹ לָעֹל֗וֹת לְעֹלוֹת֙ הַבֹּ֣קֶר וְהָעֶ֔רֶב וְהָ֣עֹל֔וֹת לַשַּׁבָּת֖וֹת וְלֶחֳדָשִׁ֣ים וְלַמֹּעֲדִ֑ים כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And the part of the king was that there should be provided from his property animals for the burnt offerings – for the burnt offerings for the morning and for the evening, and the burnt offerings for the Sabbaths and the new moons, and for the festival days, as it is written in the law of the Lord. |
part: or assignment.
new moons: or months. |
| 2 Chr 31:4 | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָעָם֙ לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם לָתֵ֕ת מְנָ֥ת הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֑ם לְמַ֥עַן יֶחֶזְק֖וּ בְּתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And he told the people – the inhabitants of Jerusalem – to give a portion to the priests and the Levites, so that they might be invigorated by the law of the Lord. | portion to ← portion of. |
| 2 Chr 31:5 | וְכִפְרֹ֣ץ הַדָּבָ֗ר הִרְבּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּגָ֗ן תִּיר֤וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ וְכֹ֖ל תְּבוּאַ֣ת שָׂדֶ֑ה וּמַעְשַׂ֥ר הַכֹּ֛ל לָרֹ֖ב הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ | And as the word spread, the sons of Israel brought much firstfruit of corn, new wine and fresh oil, and honey and all kinds of produce of the field, and they brought a tenth of everything in abundance. | |
| 2 Chr 31:6 | וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה הַיּֽוֹשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָה֒ גַּם־הֵ֗ם מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן וּמַעְשַׂ֣ר קָֽדָשִׁ֔ים הַמְקֻדָּשִׁ֖ים לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הֵבִ֕יאוּ וַֽיִּתְּנ֖וּ עֲרֵמ֥וֹת עֲרֵמֽוֹת׃ ס | And as for the sons of Israel and Judah who lived in the cities of Judah, they too brought a tenth of the oxen and sheep, and a tenth of the holy things which were consecrated to the Lord their God, and they put them in heap after heap. |
brought: in a Hebrew “SOV” (subject-object-verb) sentence.
heap after heap ← heaps of heaps. |
| 2 Chr 31:7 | בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔י הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הָעֲרֵמ֖וֹת לְיִסּ֑וֹד וּבַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י כִּלּֽוּ׃ ס | In the third month they began to form the heaps, and in the seventh month they finished them. | they began to form the heaps ← they began to found the heaps, or, in a passive sense, the heaps began to take shape. |
| 2 Chr 31:8 | וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ וְהַשָּׂרִ֔ים וַיִּרְא֖וּ אֶת־הָעֲרֵמ֑וֹת וַֽיְבָרֲכוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | And Hezekiah and the officials came and saw the heaps, and they blessed the Lord and his people Israel. | |
| 2 Chr 31:9 | וַיִּדְרֹ֣שׁ יְחִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עַל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֛ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֖ם עַל־הָעֲרֵמֽוֹת׃ | And Hezekiah inquired of the priests and the Levites about the heaps. | of the priests ← at the priests. |
| 2 Chr 31:10 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֲזַרְיָ֧הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן הָרֹ֖אשׁ לְבֵ֣ית צָד֑וֹק וַ֠יֹּאמֶר מֵהָחֵ֨ל הַתְּרוּמָ֜ה לָבִ֣יא בֵית־יְהוָ֗ה אָכ֨וֹל וְשָׂב֤וֹעַ וְהוֹתֵר֙ עַד־לָר֔וֹב כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ בֵּרַ֣ךְ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר אֶת־הֶהָמ֥וֹן הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | And Azariah the head priest of the house of Zadok, spoke to him and said, “Since the start of bringing the offerings to the house of the Lord, there has been enough to eat with a great surplus, for the Lord has blessed his people, and what remains is this large quantity.” |
enough to eat with a great surplus ← eating and sufficing and remaining up to abundance. Three verbs in an infinitive absolute.
blessed: in a Hebrew “SVO” (subject-verb-object) sentence, the common order in English. |
| 2 Chr 31:11 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְחִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ לְהָכִ֧ין לְשָׁכ֛וֹת בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וַיָּכִֽינוּ׃ | Then Hezekiah told them to prepare rooms in the house of the Lord. And they prepared them. | rooms ← offices. |
| 2 Chr 31:12 | וַיָּבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־הַתְּרוּמָ֧ה וְהַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֛ר וְהַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑ה וַעֲלֵיהֶ֤ם נָגִיד֙ *כונניהו **כָּֽנַנְיָ֣הוּ הַלֵּוִ֔י וְשִׁמְעִ֥י אָחִ֖יהוּ מִשְׁנֶֽה׃ | And they brought the offering and the tithe and the holy things in faith, and in charge of them as leader was {K: Conaniah} [Q: Cananiah] the Levite with Shimei his brother as second in charge. | Conaniah (ketiv), Cananiah (qeré): AV= Cononiah, which is possible from the ketiv. |
| 2 Chr 31:13 | וִֽיחִיאֵ֡ל וַ֠עֲזַזְיָהוּ וְנַ֨חַת וַעֲשָׂהאֵ֜ל וִֽירִימ֤וֹת וְיוֹזָבָד֙ וֶאֱלִיאֵ֣ל וְיִסְמַכְיָ֔הוּ וּמַ֖חַת וּבְנָיָ֑הוּ פְּקִידִ֗ים מִיַּ֤ד *כונניהו **כָּֽנַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ וְשִׁמְעִ֣י אָחִ֔יו בְּמִפְקַד֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַעֲזַרְיָ֖הוּ נְגִ֥יד בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And Jehiel and Azaziah and Nahath and Asahel and Jerimoth and Jozabad and Eliel and Ismachiah and Mahath and Benaiah were overseers under the direction of {K: Conaniah} [Q: Cananiah] and Shimei his brother, under the authority of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the person in charge of the house of God. |
Conaniah (ketiv), Cananiah (qeré): see 2 Chr 31:12.
direction ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 31:14 | וְקוֹרֵ֨א בֶן־יִמְנָ֤ה הַלֵּוִי֙ הַשּׁוֹעֵ֣ר לַמִּזְרָ֔חָה עַ֖ל נִדְב֣וֹת הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים לָתֵת֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וְקָדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִֽׁים׃ | And Kore the son of Imnah the Levite, the gatekeeper on the east, was in charge of the freewill-offerings to God, in allocating the contributions made to the Lord, and the holies of holies. |
in allocating: gerundial use of the infinitive.
holies of holies: many things are a holy of holies; see Ex 29:37, Ex 30:29, Ex 30:36. Ex 40:10, Lev 2:3, Ezek 42:13 etc. |
| 2 Chr 31:15 | וְעַל־יָד֡וֹ עֵ֣דֶן וּ֠מִנְיָמִן וְיֵשׁ֨וּעַ וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֜הוּ אֲמַרְיָ֧הוּ וּשְׁכַנְיָ֛הוּ בְּעָרֵ֥י הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑ה לָתֵ֤ת לַאֲחֵיהֶם֙ בְּמַחְלְק֔וֹת כַּגָּד֖וֹל כַּקָּטָֽן׃ | And next to him were Eden and Miniamin and Jeshua and Shemaiah, Amariah and Shecaniah in the cities of the priests, acting in faith, giving produce to their brothers in the divisions, to great and small alike, | Jeshua: see 1 Chr 24:11. |
| 2 Chr 31:16 | מִלְּבַ֞ד הִתְיַחְשָׂ֣ם לִזְכָרִ֗ים מִבֶּ֨ן שָׁל֤וֹשׁ שָׁנִים֙ וּלְמַ֔עְלָה לְכָל־הַבָּ֥א לְבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה לִדְבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֑וֹ לַעֲב֣וֹדָתָ֔ם בְּמִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֖ם כְּמַחְלְקוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | apart from them seeing to it that males from three years old and above were registered by genealogy for all who entered the house of the Lord, as a daily duty – as their work in their duties of observance according to their divisions – | them seeing to it that ... were registered: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 31:17 | וְאֵ֨ת הִתְיַחֵ֤שׂ הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּלְמָ֑עְלָה בְּמִשְׁמְרוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם בְּמַחְלְקוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | and performing the registering by genealogy of the priests by their paternal house, and of the Levites, from twenty years old and above, in their duties of observance in their divisions, | the registering by genealogy: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 31:18 | וּלְהִתְיַחֵ֗שׂ בְּכָל־טַפָּ֧ם נְשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֥ם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־קָהָ֑ל כִּ֥י בֶאֱמוּנָתָ֖ם יִתְקַדְּשׁוּ־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ | and for all their little ones, their wives and their sons and their daughters, in the whole convocation, to be registered by their genealogy, for they sanctified themselves in holiness in their faith. | |
| 2 Chr 31:19 | וְלִבְנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים בִּשְׂדֵ֨י מִגְרַ֤שׁ עָרֵיהֶם֙ בְּכָל־עִ֣יר וָעִ֔יר אֲנָשִׁ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִקְּב֖וּ בְּשֵׁמ֑וֹת לָתֵ֣ת מָנ֗וֹת לְכָל־זָכָר֙ בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וּלְכָל־הִתְיַחֵ֖שׂ בַּלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And the sons of Aaron who were the priests in the pasture fields of all their individual cities included men who were specified by name to give portions to every male among the priests and to everyone who was registered by genealogy among the Levites. | of all their individual cities ← of their cities in every city and city. |
| 2 Chr 31:20 | וַיַּ֧עַשׂ כָּזֹ֛את יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּכָל־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַטּ֤וֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֶ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | And Hezekiah did this in the whole of Judah, and he did what was good and right and truthful before the Lord his God. | this ← like this. |
| 2 Chr 31:21 | וּבְכָֽל־מַעֲשֶׂ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵחֵ֣ל ׀ בַּעֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וּבַתּוֹרָה֙ וּבַמִּצְוָ֔ה לִדְרֹ֖שׁ לֵֽאלֹהָ֑יו בְּכָל־לְבָב֥וֹ עָשָׂ֖ה וְהִצְלִֽיחַ׃ פ | And in every undertaking which he embarked on in the work on the house of God, and in the law and in the commandment, in seeking his God, he did it with his whole heart, and he prospered. | in seeking: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 32:1 | אַחֲרֵ֨י הַדְּבָרִ֤ים וְהָאֱמֶת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה בָּ֖א סַנְחֵרִ֣יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיָּבֹ֣א בִֽיהוּדָ֗ה וַיִּ֙חַן֙ עַל־הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְבִקְעָ֥ם אֵלָֽיו׃ | After these things and this fidelity shown, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and entered Judah, and he encamped against the fortified cities, intending to split them open and take them for himself. |
|| 2 Ki 18:13, Isa 36:1.
Sennacherib ← Sanherib, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. See 2 Ki 18:13. intending ← and he said, inwardly. |
| 2 Chr 32:2 | וַיַּרְא֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ כִּי־בָ֖א סַנְחֵרִ֑יב וּפָנָ֕יו לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come, and that he was intent on war against Jerusalem, | he was intent on ← his face (was) to. |
| 2 Chr 32:3 | וַיִּוָּעַ֗ץ עִם־שָׂרָיו֙ וְגִבֹּרָ֔יו לִסְתּוֹם֙ אֶת־מֵימֵ֣י הָעֲיָנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּעְזְרֽוּהוּ׃ | he consulted with his officials and his warriors about blocking the water of the sources which were outside the city, and they helped him. | |
| 2 Chr 32:4 | וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ עַם־רָ֔ב וַֽיִּסְתְּמוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּעְיָנ֔וֹת וְאֶת־הַנַּ֛חַל הַשּׁוֹטֵ֥ף בְּתוֹךְ־הָאָ֖רֶץ לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֤מָּה יָב֙וֹאוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר וּמָצְא֖וּ מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ | And a large number of people gathered together and blocked all the water-sources and the brook which flowed through the middle of the land, and they said, “Why should the kings of Assyria come and find abundant water?” | |
| 2 Chr 32:5 | וַיִּתְחַזַּ֡ק וַיִּבֶן֩ אֶת־כָּל־הַחוֹמָ֨ה הַפְּרוּצָ֜ה וַיַּ֣עַל עַל־הַמִּגְדָּל֗וֹת וְלַח֙וּצָה֙ הַחוֹמָ֣ה אַחֶ֔רֶת וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־הַמִּלּ֖וֹא עִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיַּ֥עַשׂ שֶׁ֛לַח לָרֹ֖ב וּמָגִנִּֽים׃ | And he showed himself strong, and he repaired all the wall which had been breached, and he erected another wall, up to the towers and on the outside, and he restored the Millo in the City of David, and he had missiles made in abundance, and shields. |
repaired ← built, but also used of repairing.
he had missiles made ← he made missile. Causative use of qal and collective usage. |
| 2 Chr 32:6 | וַיִּתֵּ֛ן שָׂרֵ֥י מִלְחָמ֖וֹת עַל־הָעָ֑ם וַיִּקְבְּצֵ֣ם אֵלָ֗יו אֶל־רְחוֹב֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר עַל־לְבָבָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And he appointed army commanders over the people, and he gathered them to himself in the square at the city gate, and he spoke to them warmheartedly and said, |
army ← war.
square at ← square of. to them warmheartedly ← to their heart. |
| 2 Chr 32:7 | חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ אַל־תִּֽירְא֣וּ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֗תּוּ מִפְּנֵי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וּמִלִּפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הֶהָמ֣וֹן אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־עִמָּ֥נוּ רַ֖ב מֵעִמּֽוֹ׃ | “Be strong and be courageous; do not fear and do not be afraid of the king of Assyria and of all the crowd which is with him, for there is a mightier one with us than the one with him. | a mightier one: AV differs (more), as if Hezekiah is talking about his numerical advantage, belied in the next verse. |
| 2 Chr 32:8 | עִמּוֹ֙ זְר֣וֹעַ בָּשָׂ֔ר וְעִמָּ֜נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ וּלְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמֹתֵ֑נוּ וַיִּסָּמְכ֣וּ הָעָ֔ם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י יְחִזְקִיָּ֥הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃ פ | With him there is an arm of flesh, but with us is the Lord our God to help us and to fight our wars.” And the people trusted the words of Hezekiah king of Judah. | |
| 2 Chr 32:9 | אַ֣חַר זֶ֗ה שָׁ֠לַח סַנְחֵרִ֨יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֤וּר עֲבָדָיו֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יְמָה וְהוּא֙ עַל־לָכִ֔ישׁ וְכָל־מֶמְשַׁלְתּ֖וֹ עִמּ֑וֹ עַל־יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃ | After this, Sennacherib king of Assyria sent his servants to Jerusalem – while he and all his realm with him went against Lachish – to Hezekiah king of Judah, and to all the population of Judah which was in Jerusalem, and he said, | || 2 Ki 18:17, Isa 36:2. |
| 2 Chr 32:10 | כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֔ר סַנְחֵרִ֖יב מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר עַל־מָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם בֹּטְחִ֔ים וְיֹשְׁבִ֥ים בְּמָצ֖וֹר בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | “This is what Sennacherib king of Assyria says: ‘In what are you putting your trust, since you are living under siege in Jerusalem? |
|| 2 Ki 18:20, Isa 36:5.
this is what ← thus. since: causal use of the vav. |
| 2 Chr 32:11 | הֲלֹ֤א יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ מַסִּ֣ית אֶתְכֶ֔ם לָתֵ֣ת אֶתְכֶ֔ם לָמ֛וּת בְּרָעָ֥ב וּבְצָמָ֖א לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ יַצִּילֵ֕נוּ מִכַּ֖ף מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ | Isn't Hezekiah misleading you, so as to deliver you up to die of hunger and of thirst, saying, «The Lord our God will deliver us from the grip of the king of Assyria»? | grip ← palm. |
| 2 Chr 32:12 | הֲלֹא־הוּא֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ הֵסִ֥יר אֶת־בָּמֹתָ֖יו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה וְלִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לִפְנֵ֨י מִזְבֵּ֧חַ אֶחָ֛ד תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ וְעָלָ֥יו תַּקְטִֽירוּ׃ | Was it not Hezekiah who removed his raised sites and his altars, when he spoke to Judah and Jerusalem and said, «You shall worship before one altar, and on it you shall burn incense»? |
|| 2 Ki 18:22, Isa 36:7.
raised sites: elsewhere we often translate idolatrous raised sites, but the sites were not all originally idolatrous, and in Sennacherib's eyes, they were not idolatrous. |
| 2 Chr 32:13 | הֲלֹ֣א תֵדְע֗וּ מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ אֲנִ֣י וַאֲבוֹתַ֔י לְכֹ֖ל עַמֵּ֣י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת הֲיָכ֣וֹל יָֽכְל֗וּ אֱלֹהֵי֙ גּוֹיֵ֣ הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶת־אַרְצָ֖ם מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Don't you know what I and my fathers have done to all the various peoples of the countries at large? Could the gods of the countries possibly deliver their land from my grip? |
could ... possibly: infinitive absolute.
grip ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 32:14 | מִ֠י בְּֽכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֞י הַגּוֹיִ֤ם הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱרִ֣ימוּ אֲבוֹתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָכ֔וֹל לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ מִיָּדִ֑י כִּ֤י יוּכַל֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדִֽי׃ | Who is there among all the gods of these nations whom my fathers obliterated, who can deliver his people from my grip? So will your God be able to deliver you from my grip? |
|| 2 Ki 18:34, Isa 36:19.
grip (2x) ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 32:15 | וְעַתָּ֡ה אַל־יַשִּׁיא֩ אֶתְכֶ֨ם חִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ וְאַל־יַסִּ֨ית אֶתְכֶ֣ם כָּזֹאת֮ וְאַל־תַּאֲמִ֣ינוּ לוֹ֒ כִּי־לֹ֣א יוּכַ֗ל כָּל־אֱל֙וֹהַ֙ כָּל־גּ֣וֹי וּמַמְלָכָ֔ה לְהַצִּ֥יל עַמּ֛וֹ מִיָּדִ֖י וּמִיַּ֣ד אֲבוֹתָ֑י אַ֚ף כִּ֣י אֱֽלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם לֹא־יַצִּ֥ילוּ אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדִֽי׃ | So now, do not let Hezekiah deceive you or mislead you like this, and do not believe him, for no god of any nation or kingdom will be able to deliver his people from my grip or from the grip of my fathers, so how much less will your gods deliver you from my grip?’ ” |
|| 2 Ki 18:29, 2 Ki 18:30, Isa 36:14, Isa 36:15.
no ← not every. any ← every. grip (3x) ← hand. gods: the verb is plural, probably because the Assyrians assumed the Hebrews had many gods. |
| 2 Chr 32:16 | וְעוֹד֙ דִּבְּר֣וּ עֲבָדָ֔יו עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל יְחִזְקִיָּ֥הוּ עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ | And his servants spoke more against the Lord God and against Hezekiah his servant. | |
| 2 Chr 32:17 | וּסְפָרִ֣ים כָּתַ֔ב לְחָרֵ֕ף לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֵֽאמֹ֨ר עָלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֵּֽאלֹהֵ֞י גּוֹיֵ֤ הָאֲרָצוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־הִצִּ֤ילוּ עַמָּם֙ מִיָּדִ֔י כֵּ֣ן לֹֽא־יַצִּ֞יל אֱלֹהֵ֧י יְחִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ עַמּ֖וֹ מִיָּדִֽי׃ | And he wrote a communiqué scorning the Lord God of Israel, and speaking against him, saying, “Just as the gods of the countries are which did not deliver their people from my grip, so the God of Hezekiah will not deliver his people from my grip.” |
|| 2 Ki 19:11, Isa 37:10, Isa 37:11.
grip (2x) ← hand. God: the verb is singular. We capitalize despite the fact that the Assyrians would only regard God as a god among many. |
| 2 Chr 32:18 | וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ בְקוֹל־גָּד֜וֹל יְהוּדִ֗ית עַל־עַ֤ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה לְיָֽרְאָ֖ם וּֽלְבַהֲלָ֑ם לְמַ֖עַן יִלְכְּד֥וּ אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ | And they called out in a loud voice in Judaean to the people of Jerusalem who were on the wall, to frighten them and alarm them, in order to capture the city. | || 2 Ki 18:26, Isa 36:11. |
| 2 Chr 32:19 | וַֽיְדַבְּר֔וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כְּעַ֗ל אֱלֹהֵי֙ עַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ ס | And they spoke against the God of Jerusalem, as they did against the gods of the nations of the land – the product of man's hands. |
|| 2 Ki 19:18, Isa 37:19.
against: אֶל for עַל, which is frequent (as is vice versa). |
| 2 Chr 32:20 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֞ל יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וִֽישַֽׁעְיָ֧הוּ בֶן־אָמ֛וֹץ הַנָּבִ֖יא עַל־זֹ֑את וַֽיִּזְעֲק֖וּ הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ פ | And King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz prayed about this, and they cried out to heaven. | || 2 Ki 19:15, Isa 37:15. |
| 2 Chr 32:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ מַלְאָ֔ךְ וַיַּכְחֵ֞ד כָּל־גִּבּ֥וֹר חַ֙יִל֙ וְנָגִ֣יד וְשָׂ֔ר בְּמַחֲנֵ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיָּשָׁב֩ בְּבֹ֨שֶׁת פָּנִ֜ים לְאַרְצ֗וֹ וַיָּבֹא֙ בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהָ֔יו *ומיציאו **וּמִֽיצִיאֵ֣י מֵעָ֔יו שָׁ֖ם הִפִּילֻ֥הוּ בֶחָֽרֶב׃ | And the Lord sent an angel, and he obliterated every valiant warrior and leader and commander in the camp of the king of Assyria, and he returned to his land shamefacedly, and when he went to the house of his gods, his own offspring struck him down there by the sword. |
his own offspring ← of the issue of his bowels. The ketiv has to be regarded as an irregular equivalent to the qeré.
|| 2 Ki 19:35, 2 Ki 19:36, Isa 37:36, Isa 37:37. |
| 2 Chr 32:22 | וַיּוֹשַׁע֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־יְחִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם מִיַּ֛ד סַנְחֵרִ֥יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֖וּר וּמִיַּד־כֹּ֑ל וַֽיְנַהֲלֵ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃ | So the Lord delivered Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the grip of Sennacherib king of Assyria, and from the grip of all, and he led them around. | grip ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 32:23 | וְ֠רַבִּים מְבִיאִ֨ים מִנְחָ֤ה לַיהוָה֙ לִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּמִ֨גְדָּנ֔וֹת לִֽיחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנַּשֵּׂ֛א לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מֵאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵֽן׃ ס | And many would bring a gift to the Lord, to Jerusalem, and valuable items to Hezekiah king of Judah, and he was exalted in the eyes of all the nations after that. | |
| 2 Chr 32:24 | בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם חָלָ֥ה יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ עַד־לָמ֑וּת וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ וּמוֹפֵ֖ת נָ֥תַן לֽוֹ׃ | In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill, and he prayed to the Lord, who spoke to him, and who performed a miracle for him. |
|| 2 Ki 20:1, 2 Ki 20:2, 2 Ki 20:9, Isa 38:1, Isa 38:2, Isa 38:7.
mortally ← to die. performed ← gave. |
| 2 Chr 32:25 | וְלֹא־כִגְמֻ֤ל עָלָיו֙ הֵשִׁ֣יב יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ כִּ֥י גָבַ֖הּ לִבּ֑וֹ וַיְהִ֤י עָלָיו֙ קֶ֔צֶף וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | But Hezekiah did not reciprocate according to what had been shown to him, for his heart was proud, and anger came on him and on Judah and Jerusalem. |
The passages 2 Ki 20:12 - 2 Ki 20:19 and Isa 39:1 - Isa 39:8 also describe the same period, but with ↴
shown ← recompensed. proud ← high. came ← became. |
| 2 Chr 32:26 | וַיִּכָּנַ֤ע יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ בְּגֹ֣בַהּ לִבּ֔וֹ ה֖וּא וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְלֹא־בָ֤א עֲלֵיהֶם֙ קֶ֣צֶף יְהוָ֔ה בִּימֵ֖י יְחִזְקִיָּֽהוּ׃ | Then Hezekiah humbled himself in regard to his pride – he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem – and the Lord's anger did not come on them in the days of Hezekiah. |
↳ insufficient commonality to be considered parallel on a verse by verse basis. See [RBG].
his pride ← the height of his heart. |
| 2 Chr 32:27 | וַיְהִ֧י לִֽיחִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ עֹ֥שֶׁר וְכָב֖וֹד הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וְאֹֽצָר֣וֹת עָֽשָׂה־ל֠וֹ לְכֶ֨סֶף וּלְזָהָ֜ב וּלְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֗ה וְלִבְשָׂמִים֙ וּלְמָ֣גִנִּ֔ים וּלְכֹ֖ל כְּלֵ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃ | And Hezekiah had very great wealth and honour, and he made himself treasuries for silver and for gold, and for precious stone, and for fragrances, and for shields, and for all kinds of desirable items, | desirable items ← items of desire, a Hebraic genitive. |
| 2 Chr 32:28 | וּמִ֨סְכְּנ֔וֹת לִתְבוּאַ֥ת דָּגָ֖ן וְתִיר֣וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָ֑ר וְאֻֽרָוֺת֙ לְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֣ה וּבְהֵמָ֔ה וַעֲדָרִ֖ים לָאֲוֵרֽוֹת׃ | and storehouses for the crop of grain and new wine and fresh oil, and stalls for all kinds of cattle, and he acquired herds for the stalls. |
kinds of cattle ← cattle and cattle.
herds for the stalls: AV differs, exchanging these nouns (and cotes for flocks). |
| 2 Chr 32:29 | וְעָרִים֙ עָ֣שָׂה ל֔וֹ וּמִקְנֵה־צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר לָרֹ֑ב כִּ֤י נָֽתַן־לוֹ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים רְכ֖וּשׁ רַ֥ב מְאֹֽד׃ | And he acquired cities and sheep and oxen livestock in abundance, for God gave him very great possessions. | acquired ← made for himself. |
| 2 Chr 32:30 | וְה֣וּא יְחִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ סָתַם֙ אֶת־מוֹצָ֞א מֵימֵ֤י גִיחוֹן֙ הָֽעֶלְי֔וֹן וַֽיַּישְּׁרֵ֥ם לְמַֽטָּה־מַּעְרָ֖בָה לְעִ֣יר דָּוִ֑יד וַיַּצְלַ֥ח יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּכָֽל־מַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ׃ | And it was Hezekiah who blocked the upper water-source of Gihon, and who brought the water straight down to the west of the City of David, and Hezekiah was successful in all his undertakings. | brought ... straight: although [WLC] does not contain a qeré note, the ketiv is וַיְיַשְּׁרֵם, piel, and the qeré is perhaps better corrected to וַיַּישְׁרֵם, hiphil, with no mid radical dagesh. The sense is not affected. |
| 2 Chr 32:31 | וְכֵ֞ן בִּמְלִיצֵ֣י ׀ שָׂרֵ֣י בָּבֶ֗ל הַֽמְשַׁלְּחִ֤ים עָלָיו֙ לִדְרֹ֗שׁ הַמּוֹפֵת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֣ה בָאָ֔רֶץ עֲזָב֖וֹ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים לְנַ֨סּוֹת֔וֹ לָדַ֖עַת כָּל־בִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ | But actually, with the interpreters of the officials from Babylon having come, whom they had sent to him to inquire about the miracle which had taken place in the land, God left him, so as to test him – to know everything in his heart. | actually ← so. |
| 2 Chr 32:32 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ וַחֲסָדָ֑יו הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים בַּחֲז֞וֹן יְשַֽׁעְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אָמוֹץ֙ הַנָּבִ֔יא עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Hezekiah, and his kind deeds, they are to be seen written in the vision of Isaiah, the son of Amoz, the prophet, in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 20:20.
kind deeds ← kindnesses. they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 32:33 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב יְחִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ֮ בְּֽמַעֲלֵה֮ קִבְרֵ֣י בְנֵי־דָוִיד֒ וְכָבוֹד֙ עָֽשׂוּ־ל֣וֹ בְמוֹת֔וֹ כָּל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Hezekiah lay with his fathers, and they buried him at the rise of the tombs of the sons of David, and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem paid honour to him in his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 20:21, 1 Chr 3:13.
paid ← did. |
| 2 Chr 33:1 | בֶּן־שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֛ה שָׁנָ֖ה מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וְחָמֵשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Manasseh was twelve years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for fifty-five years. | || 2 Ki 21:1. |
| 2 Chr 33:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּתֽוֹעֲבוֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like the abominations of the nations which the Lord dispossessed before the sons of Israel. | || 2 Ki 21:2. |
| 2 Chr 33:3 | וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֖ץ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּח֤וֹת לַבְּעָלִים֙ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֲשֵׁר֔וֹת וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃ | And he rebuilt the idolatrous raised sites which Hezekiah his father had demolished, and he set up altars to the Baalim, and he made phallic parks, and he worshipped every celestial body, and he served them. |
|| 2 Ki 21:3.
body ← power. |
| 2 Chr 33:4 | וּבָנָ֥ה מִזְבְּח֖וֹת בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֥ם יִֽהְיֶה־שְּׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | And he built altars in the house of the Lord, where the Lord had said, “My name will be in Jerusalem age-abidingly.” |
|| 2 Ki 21:4.
altars: i.e. idolatrous altars (see next verse). |
| 2 Chr 33:5 | וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בִּשְׁתֵּ֖י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ | And he built altars to every celestial body in the two courtyards of the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 21:5.
body ← power. |
| 2 Chr 33:6 | וְהוּא֩ הֶעֱבִ֨יר אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו בָּאֵשׁ֙ בְּגֵ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם וְעוֹנֵ֤ן וְנִחֵשׁ֙ וְֽכִשֵּׁ֔ף וְעָ֥שָׂה א֖וֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִ֑י הִרְבָּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃ | And he made his sons pass through the fire in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, and he divined by clouds and used enchantment and sorcery, and he engaged in necromancy and wizardry. He was profuse in doing evil in the sight of the Lord, so that he provoked him to anger. |
|| 2 Ki 21:6.
the Valley of ... Hinnom: see Josh 15:8. in doing: gerundial use of the infinitive. so that he provoked: consecutive (result), ↴ |
| 2 Chr 33:7 | וַיָּ֕שֶׂם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל הַסֶּ֖מֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה בְּבֵ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ וְאֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֔וֹ בַּבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה וּבִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְעֵילֽוֹם׃ | And he set up the carved image – the statue which he had made – in the house of God, concerning which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, “I will set up my name age-abidingly in this house and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel. |
↳ rather than purposive, use of the infinitive.
|| 2 Ki 21:7. age-abidingly: a variant on the usual word; only here. |
| 2 Chr 33:8 | וְלֹ֣א אוֹסִ֗יף לְהָסִיר֙ אֶת־רֶ֣גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵעַל֙ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱמַ֖דְתִּי לַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֣ק ׀ אִם־יִשְׁמְר֣וּ לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ים לְכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֛ה וְהַֽחֻקִּ֥ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And I will not chase Israel around again from the land which I appointed for your fathers, but only if they take care to do everything which I have commanded them, and to act in accordance with all the law and the statutes and the regulations given through the intermediacy of Moses.” |
|| 2 Ki 21:8.
chase Israel around ... from ← remove the foot of Israel ... from on. regulations ← judgments. intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 33:9 | וַיֶּ֣תַע מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת רָ֔ע מִן־הַ֨גּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הִשְׁמִ֣יד יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | But Manasseh led Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem astray, to act worse than the nations which the Lord had destroyed before the sons of Israel. | || 2 Ki 21:9. |
| 2 Chr 33:10 | וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְאֶל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א הִקְשִֽׁיבוּ׃ | And the Lord spoke to Manasseh and his people, but they did not listen. | || 2 Ki 21:10. |
| 2 Chr 33:11 | וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוָ֜ה עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י הַצָּבָא֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּלְכְּד֥וּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה בַּחֹחִ֑ים וַיַּֽאַסְרֻ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם וַיּוֹלִיכֻ֖הוּ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | So the Lord brought the commanders of the king of Assyria's army against them, and they caught Manasseh and restrained him with hooks, and they bound him in fetters and led him away to Babylon. | with hooks: or in the thorn bushes (without the preceding ellipsis supplied). AV differs, taking the alternative. |
| 2 Chr 33:12 | וּכְהָצֵ֣ר ל֔וֹ חִלָּ֕ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיִּכָּנַ֣ע מְאֹ֔ד מִלִּפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתָֽיו׃ | And as he was in straits, he pleaded with the Lord his God, and he humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers. | pleaded with ← weakened the face of. |
| 2 Chr 33:13 | וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֵלָ֗יו וַיֵּעָ֤תֶר לוֹ֙ וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע תְּחִנָּת֔וֹ וַיְשִׁיבֵ֥הוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם לְמַלְכוּת֑וֹ וַיֵּ֣דַע מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים׃ | And he prayed to him, and God was entreated by him, and he heard his supplication, and he brought him back to Jerusalem and to his kingdom. So Manasseh knew that the Lord was God. | |
| 2 Chr 33:14 | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֡ן בָּנָ֣ה חוֹמָ֣ה חִֽיצוֹנָ֣ה ׀ לְעִיר־דָּוִ֡יד מַעְרָבָה֩ לְגִיח֨וֹן בַּנַּ֜חַל וְלָב֨וֹא בְשַׁ֤עַר הַדָּגִים֙ וְסָבַ֣ב לָעֹ֔פֶל וַיַּגְבִּיהֶ֖הָ מְאֹ֑ד וַיָּ֧שֶׂם שָֽׂרֵי־חַ֛יִל בְּכָל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת בִּיהוּדָֽה׃ | And after that he built an outer wall to the City of David to the west of Gihon, at the watercourse, and at the approach to the Fish Gate and going round the Ophel, and he made it very high, and he appointed army officers in all the fortified cities in Judah. | at the approach ← to come. |
| 2 Chr 33:15 | וַ֠יָּסַר אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י הַנֵּכָ֤ר וְאֶת־הַסֶּ֙מֶל֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְכָל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֛ה בְּהַ֥ר בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּשְׁלֵ֖ךְ ח֥וּצָה לָעִֽיר׃ | And he removed the foreign gods and the statue from the house of the Lord, and all the altars which he had built on the mount of the house of the Lord and in Jerusalem, and he discarded them outside the city. | |
| 2 Chr 33:16 | *ויכן **וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח עָלָ֔יו זִבְחֵ֥י שְׁלָמִ֖ים וְתוֹדָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לִֽיהוּדָ֔ה לַעֲב֕וֹד אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he {Q: restored} [K: prepared] the altar of the Lord, and he sacrificed peace- and thank-offerings on it, and he told Judah to serve the Lord God of Israel. |
restored (qeré) ← built, but also of rebuilding or restoring.
offerings ← sacrifices. |
| 2 Chr 33:17 | אֲבָל֙ ע֣וֹד הָעָ֔ם זֹבְחִ֖ים בַּבָּמ֑וֹת רַ֖ק לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ | But the people were still sacrificing on the idolatrous raised sites, except that it was to the Lord their God. | |
| 2 Chr 33:18 | וְיֶ֨תֶר דִּבְרֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁה֮ וּתְפִלָּת֣וֹ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וְדִבְרֵי֙ הַֽחֹזִ֔ים הַֽמְדַבְּרִ֣ים אֵלָ֔יו בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּ֕ם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Manasseh, and his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of the Lord God of Israel, they are to be seen in the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 21:17.
they are to be seen ← behold them. Chronicles ← words, without the usual word for days. Here part of a title. |
| 2 Chr 33:19 | וּתְפִלָּת֣וֹ וְהֵֽעָתֶר־לוֹ֮ וְכָל־חַטָּאת֣וֹ וּמַעְלוֹ֒ וְהַמְּקֹמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּנָ֨ה בָהֶ֤ם בָּמוֹת֙ וְהֶעֱמִיד֙ הָאֲשֵׁרִ֣ים וְהַפְּסִלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י הִכָּנְע֑וֹ הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַ֖ל דִּבְרֵ֥י חוֹזָֽי׃ | And his prayer with which God was entreated by him, and all his sin and perverseness, and the places in which he built idolatrous raised sites and set up phallic parks and the carved images, before his being humbled – they are to be seen written in the accounts of, God says, “My seers.” |
his being humbled: gerundial use of the infinitive.
they are to be seen ← behold them. my seers: AV differs (the seers). |
| 2 Chr 33:20 | וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מְנַשֶּׁה֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֖הוּ בֵּית֑וֹ וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אָמ֥וֹן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And Manasseh lay with his fathers, and they buried him in his house, and Amon his son reigned in his place. | || 2 Ki 21:18, 1 Chr 3:14. |
| 2 Chr 33:21 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וּשְׁתַּ֛יִם שָׁנָ֖ה אָמ֣וֹן בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁתַּ֣יִם שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Amon was twenty-two years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for two years in Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 21:19. |
| 2 Chr 33:22 | וַיַּ֤עַשׂ הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אָבִ֑יו וּֽלְכָל־הַפְּסִילִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אָבִ֔יו זִבַּ֥ח אָמ֖וֹן וַיַּֽעַבְדֵֽם׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord, like what his father Manasseh did, and Amon sacrificed to all the images which Manasseh his father had made, and he served them. | || 2 Ki 21:20, 2 Ki 21:21. |
| 2 Chr 33:23 | וְלֹ֤א נִכְנַע֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כְּהִכָּנַ֖ע מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אָבִ֑יו כִּ֛י ה֥וּא אָמ֖וֹן הִרְבָּ֥ה אַשְׁמָֽה׃ | And he didn't humble himself before the Lord, as Manasseh his father humbled himself, for this was Amon who was profuse in wrongdoing. |
|| 2 Ki 21:22.
this ← he, but the word can have demonstrative force. wrongdoing ← guilt. |
| 2 Chr 33:24 | וַיִּקְשְׁר֤וּ עָלָיו֙ עֲבָדָ֔יו וַיְמִיתֻ֖הוּ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃ | And his servants conspired against him, and they killed him in his home. | || 2 Ki 21:23. |
| 2 Chr 33:25 | וַיַּכּוּ֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקֹּֽשְׁרִ֖ים עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָמ֑וֹן וַיַּמְלִ֧יכוּ עַם־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֶת־יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | Then the people of the land struck down all the conspirators against King Amon, and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 21:24, 1 Chr 3:14.
Josiah ← Joshiahu, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Chr 34:1 | בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִ֖ים יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Josiah was eight years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 22:1. |
| 2 Chr 34:2 | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ בְּדַרְכֵי֙ דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֔יו וְלֹא־סָ֖ר יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃ | And he did what was right in the sight of the Lord, and he walked in the ways of David his father, and he did not deviate to the right or left. | || 2 Ki 22:2. |
| 2 Chr 34:3 | וּבִשְׁמוֹנֶ֨ה שָׁנִ֜ים לְמָלְכ֗וֹ וְהוּא֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ נַ֔עַר הֵחֵ֕ל לִדְר֕וֹשׁ לֵאלֹהֵ֖י דָּוִ֣יד אָבִ֑יו וּבִשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֗ה הֵחֵל֙ לְטַהֵ֔ר אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ וִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מִן־הַבָּמוֹת֙ וְהָ֣אֲשֵׁרִ֔ים וְהַפְּסִלִ֖ים וְהַמַּסֵּכֽוֹת׃ | And after eight years in his reign, when he was still a lad, he began to seek the God of David his father, and in the twelfth year he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem of the idolatrous raised sites and the phallic parks and the carved images and cast images. | seek: or consult. |
| 2 Chr 34:4 | וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֚ת מִזְבְּח֣וֹת הַבְּעָלִ֔ים וְהַֽחַמָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לְמַ֥עְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם גִּדֵּ֑עַ וְ֠הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִ֤ים וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת֙ שִׁבַּ֣ר וְהֵדַ֔ק וַיִּזְרֹק֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַקְּבָרִ֔ים הַזֹּבְחִ֖ים לָהֶֽם׃ | And they demolished the altars of the Baalim in his presence, and he cut down the sun-images which were high up above them, and he smashed up and ground small the phallic parks and the carved images and the cast images, and he scattered them on the graves of those who had sacrificed to them. | |
| 2 Chr 34:5 | וְעַצְמוֹת֙ כֹּֽהֲנִ֔ים שָׂרַ֖ף עַל־*מזבחותים **מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וַיְטַהֵ֥ר אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה וְאֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And he burnt the bones of the priests on the {K: two altars,} [Q: their altars,] and he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem, | |
| 2 Chr 34:6 | וּבְעָרֵ֨י מְנַשֶּׁ֧ה וְאֶפְרַ֛יִם וְשִׁמְע֖וֹן וְעַד־נַפְתָּלִ֑י *בהר *בתיהם **בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם סָבִֽיב׃ | and he did likewise in the cities of Manasseh and Ephraim and Simeon, and as far as Naphtali, {Q: using their mattocks} [K: on the mountain range of their homes] all around. |
The difference between ketiv and qeré is a hé and a heth respectively, with perhaps a space in the ketiv. Re-pointed, the qeré could read בְּחָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם, in their desolate places; see Ps 109:10.
using (qeré) ← with. |
| 2 Chr 34:7 | וַיְנַתֵּ֣ץ אֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֗וֹת וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֤ים וְהַפְּסִלִים֙ כִּתַּ֣ת לְהֵדַ֔ק וְכָל־הַֽחַמָּנִ֥ים גִּדַּ֖ע בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֖שָׁב לִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And when he had demolished the altars, and broken up and ground fine the phallic parks and the carved images, and had cut down all the sun-images, in all the land of Israel, he returned to Jerusalem. | We group the words as MT; AV differs (and when he had broken down the altars and the groves, and had beaten the graven images into powder). |
| 2 Chr 34:8 | וּבִשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁמוֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ לְטַהֵ֥ר הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהַבָּ֑יִת שָׁ֠לַח אֶת־שָׁפָ֨ן בֶּן־אֲצַלְיָ֜הוּ וְאֶת־מַעֲשֵׂיָ֣הוּ שַׂר־הָעִ֗יר וְ֠אֵת יוֹאָ֤ח בֶּן־יֽוֹאָחָז֙ הַמַּזְכִּ֔יר לְחַזֵּ֕ק אֶת־בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | And in the eighteenth year of his reign, in cleansing the land and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Jehoahaz, the state secretary, to refurbish the house of the Lord his God. |
|| 2 Ki 22:3.
in cleansing: gerundial use of the infinitive. Jehoahaz ← Joahaz, as AV here, perhaps to distinguish from the king of Israel, but despite the accuracy in transliteration here, we do not introduce an artificial distinction. See 2 Ki 14:1. |
| 2 Chr 34:9 | וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ אֶל־חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ ׀ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֗וֹל וַֽיִּתְּנוּ֮ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף֮ הַמּוּבָ֣א בֵית־אֱלֹהִים֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָסְפֽוּ־הַלְוִיִּם֩ שֹׁמְרֵ֨י הַסַּ֜ף מִיַּ֧ד מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה וְאֶפְרַ֗יִם וּמִכֹּל֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִכָּל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן *וישבי **וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And when they had come to Hilkiah the high priest, they gave him the money which had been brought to the house of God, which the Levite doorkeepers had collected from the hand of Manasseh and Ephraim, and from all the rest of Israel and from all of Judah and Benjamin and {K: the inhabitants of} [Q: they returned to] Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Ki 22:4.
high ← great. doorkeepers ← threshold keepers. AV differs, reading the qeré. |
| 2 Chr 34:10 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ עַל־יַד֙ עֹשֵׂ֣ה הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הַמֻּפְקָדִ֖ים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אֹת֜וֹ עוֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עֹשִׂים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה לִבְדּ֥וֹק וּלְחַזֵּ֖ק הַבָּֽיִת׃ | And they paid those doing the work – those charged with the house of the Lord – and they gave it to those doing the work, who worked on the house of the Lord, in repairing and restoring the house. |
|| 2 Ki 22:5.
paid ← gave to the hand of. in repairing and restoring: gerundial use of the infinitives. |
| 2 Chr 34:11 | וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ לֶחָֽרָשִׁים֙ וְלַבֹּנִ֔ים לִקְנוֹת֙ אַבְנֵ֣י מַחְצֵ֔ב וְעֵצִ֖ים לַֽמְחַבְּר֑וֹת וּלְקָרוֹת֙ אֶת־הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁחִ֖יתוּ מַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ | And they gave it to the craftsmen and the builders, to buy hewn stone, and wood for the beams, and to provide a roof for the buildings which the kings of Judah had brought to ruin. |
|| 2 Ki 22:6.
to provide a roof for: AV differs somewhat (to floor). buildings ← houses. |
| 2 Chr 34:12 | וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים בֶּאֱמוּנָ֜ה בַּמְּלָאכָ֗ה וַעֲלֵיהֶ֣ם ׀ מֻ֠פְקָדִים יַ֣חַת וְעֹבַדְיָ֤הוּ הַלְוִיִּם֙ מִן־בְּנֵ֣י מְרָרִ֔י וּזְכַרְיָ֧ה וּמְשֻׁלָּ֛ם מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַקְּהָתִ֖ים לְנַצֵּ֑חַ וְהַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם כָּל־מֵבִ֖ין בִּכְלֵי־שִֽׁיר׃ | And the men acted faithfully in the work, and those appointed over them were Jahath and Obadiah the Levites of the sons of Merari, and Zechariah and Meshullam of the sons of the Kohathites, to superintend. And the Levites included all who were knowledgeable about musical instruments. |
|| 2 Ki 22:7.
musical ← singing. |
| 2 Chr 34:13 | וְעַ֣ל הַסַּבָּלִ֗ים וּֽמְנַצְּחִים֙ לְכֹל֙ עֹשֵׂ֣ה מְלָאכָ֔ה לַעֲבוֹדָ֖ה וַעֲבוֹדָ֑ה וּמֵֽהַלְוִיִּ֔ם סוֹפְרִ֥ים וְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים וְשׁוֹעֲרִֽים׃ | And they were in charge of the burden bearers, and they superintended all who carried out the craftsmanship, whatever the work. And from the Levites were scribes and officers and gatekeepers. | whatever the work ← for work and work. |
| 2 Chr 34:14 | וּבְהוֹצִיאָ֣ם אֶת־הַכֶּ֔סֶף הַמּוּבָ֖א בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה מָצָא֙ חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר תּֽוֹרַת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ | And when they brought the money out which had been brought into the house of the Lord, Hilkiah the priest found the book of the law of the Lord, written through the intermediacy of Moses. | intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 34:15 | וַיַּ֣עַן חִלְקִיָּ֗הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־שָׁפָ֣ן הַסּוֹפֵ֔ר סֵ֧פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֛ה מָצָ֖אתִי בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן חִלְקִיָּ֛הוּ אֶת־הַסֵּ֖פֶר אֶל־שָׁפָֽן׃ | And Hilkiah reacted and said to Shaphan the scribe, “I have found the book of the law in the house of the Lord.” And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan. |
|| 2 Ki 22:8.
reacted ← answered, but no question asked. See Gen 18:27. |
| 2 Chr 34:16 | וַיָּבֵ֨א שָׁפָ֤ן אֶת־הַסֵּ֙פֶר֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֨שֶׁב ע֧וֹד אֶת־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ דָּבָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֥ן בְּיַד־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ הֵ֥ם עֹשִֽׂים׃ | Then Shaphan brought the book to the king, and he reported again to the king and said, “Everything which was committed to your servants, they are carrying out.” |
|| 2 Ki 22:9.
reported ← returned word. was committed to ← given in the hand of. carrying out: in a Hebrew “OSV” (object-subject-verb) sentence. |
| 2 Chr 34:17 | וַיַּתִּ֕יכוּ אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּמְצָ֣א בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּהוּ עַל־יַד֙ הַמֻּפְקָדִ֔ים וְעַל־יַ֖ד עוֹשֵׂ֥י הַמְּלָאכָֽה׃ | And they poured out the money which was found in the house of the Lord, and they paid it to those who were in charge and to those who carried out the work. |
|| 2 Ki 22:9.
paid it to ← put it in the hand of. |
| 2 Chr 34:18 | וַיַּגֵּ֞ד שָׁפָ֤ן הַסּוֹפֵר֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ לֵאמֹ֔ר סֵ֚פֶר נָ֣תַן לִ֔י חִלְקִיָּ֖הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיִּקְרָא־ב֥וֹ שָׁפָ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And Shaphan the scribe explained to the king and said, “Hilkiah the priest gave me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the king's presence. |
|| 2 Ki 22:10.
from it ← in it. |
| 2 Chr 34:19 | וַיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃ | And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the law, that he tore his clothes. | || 2 Ki 22:11. |
| 2 Chr 34:20 | וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּ֡הוּ וְאֶת־אֲחִיקָ֣ם בֶּן־שָׁ֠פָן וְאֶת־עַבְדּ֨וֹן בֶּן־מִיכָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שָׁפָ֣ן הַסּוֹפֵ֗ר וְאֵ֛ת עֲשָׂיָ֥ה עֶֽבֶד־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵאמֹֽר׃ | And the king gave orders to Hilkiah and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king's servant, and he said, | || 2 Ki 22:12. |
| 2 Chr 34:21 | לְכוּ֩ דִרְשׁ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֜ה בַּעֲדִ֗י וּבְעַד֙ הַנִּשְׁאָר֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִֽיהוּדָ֔ה עַל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַסֵּ֖פֶר אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצָ֑א כִּֽי־גְדוֹלָ֤ה חֲמַת־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִתְּכָ֣ה בָ֔נוּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־שָׁמְר֤וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב עַל־הַסֵּ֥פֶר הַזֶּֽה׃ פ | “Go and consult the Lord on behalf of me and on behalf of the remainder in Israel and in Judah concerning the book which was found, for the fury of the Lord which has been poured out on us is great, because our fathers did not keep the word of the Lord, that we should do everything written in this book.” |
|| 2 Ki 22:13.
everything ← according to everything. |
| 2 Chr 34:22 | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ חִלְקִיָּ֜הוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֶל־חֻלְדָּ֨ה הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־*תוקהת **תָּקְהַ֗ת בֶּן־חַסְרָה֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְהִ֛יא יוֹשֶׁ֥בֶת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יהָ כָּזֹֽאת׃ ס | So Hilkiah and those whom the king had commanded went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tokhath, the son of Hasrah the vestry keeper, and she was resident in Jerusalem in the second quarter, and they spoke to her about it. |
Tokhath: the ketiv can be regarded as the scriptio plena spelling of the qeré. AV= Tikvath.
|| 2 Ki 22:14. about it ← as this. |
| 2 Chr 34:23 | וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם כֹּה־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִמְר֣וּ לָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃ ס | And she said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Say to the man who sent you to me, |
|| 2 Ki 22:15.
this is what ← thus. |
| 2 Chr 34:24 | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא רָעָ֛ה עַל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבָ֑יו אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָאָלוֹת֙ הַכְּתוּב֣וֹת עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָֽרְא֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ | «This is what the Lord says: ‹I am about to bring evil on this place and on its inhabitants – all the curses which are written in the book, which they read in the presence of the king of Judah – |
|| 2 Ki 22:16.
this is what ← thus. I am about to ← behold me. |
| 2 Chr 34:25 | תַּ֣חַת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי *ויקטירו **וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וְתִתַּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֛י בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ | because they have forsaken me and have burned incense to other gods, so as to provoke me to anger with every work of their hands, and my fury will be poured out on this place, and it will not be extinguished.› » |
burned incense: the ketiv (hiphil stem-formation) is a variant of the qeré (piel stem-formation).
|| 2 Ki 22:17. on this place: or against this place. |
| 2 Chr 34:26 | וְאֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה הַשֹּׁלֵ֤חַ אֶתְכֶם֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה כֹּ֥ה תֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלָ֑יו ס כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמָֽעְתָּ׃ | And to the king of Judah who sent you to consult the Lord, this is what you shall say, «This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‹As for the things which you have heard, |
|| 2 Ki 22:18.
this is what (2x) ← thus. say ← say to him. |
| 2 Chr 34:27 | יַ֠עַן רַךְ־לְבָ֨בְךָ֜ וַתִּכָּנַ֣ע ׀ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֗ים בְּשָׁמְעֲךָ֤ אֶת־דְּבָרָיו֙ עַל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבָ֔יו וַתִּכָּנַ֣ע לְפָנַ֔י וַתִּקְרַ֥ע אֶת־בְּגָדֶ֖יךָ וַתֵּ֣בְךְּ לְפָנָ֑י וְגַם־אֲנִ֥י שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ | on account of your contrition and the fact that you have humbled yourself before God, in that you have heard his words in relation to this place and in relation to its inhabitants, and you have humbled yourself before me, and that you have torn your clothes and wept before me, so I for my part have heard you›, the Lord says, |
|| 2 Ki 22:19.
your contrition ← the soft of your heart. in that you have heard ← in your hearing. Gerundial use of the infinitive. for my part ← also, but the sense can be wider. |
| 2 Chr 34:28 | הִנְנִ֨י אֹֽסִפְךָ֜ אֶל־אֲבֹתֶ֗יךָ וְנֶאֱסַפְתָּ֣ אֶל־קִבְרֹתֶיךָ֮ בְּשָׁלוֹם֒ וְלֹא־תִרְאֶ֣ינָה עֵינֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹל֙ הָֽרָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֥י מֵבִ֛יא עַל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְעַל־יֹשְׁבָ֑יו וַיָּשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ דָּבָֽר׃ פ | ‹And I am about to gather you to your fathers, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace, and your eyes will not see all the evil which I am bringing on this place and on its inhabitants.› » ’ ” And they reported it to the king. |
|| 2 Ki 22:20.
I am about to ← behold me. grave ← graves. reported it ← returned word. |
| 2 Chr 34:29 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֕ף אֶת־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Then the king sent word, and he assembled all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 23:1. |
| 2 Chr 34:30 | וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְ֠הוָה וְכָל־אִ֨ישׁ יְהוּדָ֜ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם מִגָּד֣וֹל וְעַד־קָטָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And the king went up to the house of the Lord, as did every man of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests and the Levites and all the people, both great and small, and he read, with them hearing, all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 23:2.
both great and small ← from great and to small. Compare Gen 6:7. with them hearing ← in their ears. |
| 2 Chr 34:31 | וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ עַל־עָמְד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹ֣ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִית֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה וְלִשְׁמ֤וֹר אֶת־מִצְוֺתָיו֙ וְעֵֽדְוֺתָ֣יו וְחֻקָּ֔יו בְּכָל־לְבָב֖וֹ וּבְכָל־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַבְּרִ֔ית הַכְּתוּבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֥פֶר הַזֶּֽה׃ | And the king stood on his rostrum, and he made a covenant before the Lord, to walk after the Lord and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul – to do the words of the covenant which were written in this book. |
|| 2 Ki 23:3.
rostrum ← stand. a covenant ← the covenant. An unexpected definite article. See Gen 22:9. soul: i.e. mind. |
| 2 Chr 34:32 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֕ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֥א בִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּבְרִ֥ית אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | And he made all who were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin party to it. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem acted in accordance with the covenant of God – the God of their fathers. |
present ← found.
made ... party to it ← made stand. |
| 2 Chr 34:33 | וַיָּ֨סַר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֜הוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵב֗וֹת מִֽכָּל־הָאֲרָצוֹת֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיַּעֲבֵ֗ד אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַנִּמְצָא֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲב֖וֹד אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כָּל־יָמָ֕יו לֹ֣א סָ֔רוּ מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ פ | And Josiah removed all the abominations from all the lands which belonged to the sons of Israel, and he made everyone who was present in Israel serve, that is serve the Lord their God. In all his days they did not depart from following the Lord God of their fathers. |
present ← found.
from following ← from after. |
| 2 Chr 35:1 | וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יֹאשִׁיָּ֧הוּ בִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֛ם פֶּ֖סַח לַיהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁחֲט֣וּ הַפֶּ֔סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ | And Josiah celebrated Passover to the Lord in Jerusalem, and they slaughtered the Passover lamb on the fourteenth day of the first month. |
|| 2 Ki 23:21.
celebrated ← did. |
| 2 Chr 35:2 | וַיַּעֲמֵ֥ד הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים עַל־מִשְׁמְרוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיְחַזְּקֵ֔ם לַעֲבוֹדַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ | And he appointed the priests in their duties, and he encouraged them in the work of the house of the Lord. | encouraged ← strengthened. |
| 2 Chr 35:3 | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לַ֠לְוִיִּם *המבונים **הַמְּבִינִ֨ים לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַקְּדוֹשִׁ֣ים לַיהוָ֗ה תְּנ֤וּ אֶת־אֲרוֹן־הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ בַּ֠בַּיִת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֜ה שְׁלֹמֹ֤ה בֶן־דָּוִיד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם מַשָּׂ֖א בַּכָּתֵ֑ף עַתָּ֗ה עִבְדוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he said to the Levites who {Q: explained} [K: were wise teachers of] the holy things of the Lord to all Israel, “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon, the son of David, the king of Israel, built. It is not a burden to you on the shoulder. Now serve the Lord your God and his people Israel. | the holy things: or the holy words. Alternatively, the words could apply to the Levites, who (were) holy. |
| 2 Chr 35:4 | וְהָכִ֥ונוּ לְבֵית־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם כְּמַחְלְקוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בִּכְתָ֗ב דָּוִיד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבְמִכְתַּ֖ב שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנֽוֹ׃ | And {Q: prepare yourselves} [K: be prepared] in your paternal house according to your divisions, as specified in the writings of David king of Israel and in the documents of Solomon his son. | There is no marginal qeré reading in [WLC], but it is implicit because of the incompatible consonants and pointing. |
| 2 Chr 35:5 | וְעִמְד֣וּ בַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ לִפְלֻגּוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית הָֽאָב֔וֹת לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַחֲלֻקַּ֥ת בֵּֽית־אָ֖ב לַלְוִיִּֽם׃ | And stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the paternal houses of your brothers – the people at large – and the category of the paternal house of the Levites. | people at large ← sons of the people. |
| 2 Chr 35:6 | וְשַׁחֲט֖וּ הַפָּ֑סַח וְהִתְקַדְּשׁוּ֙ וְהָכִ֣ינוּ לַאֲחֵיכֶ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת כִּדְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ | And slaughter the Passover lamb, and sanctify yourselves, and prepare your brothers to celebrate according to the word of the Lord, given through the intermediacy of Moses.” |
celebrate ← do.
intermediacy ← hand. |
| 2 Chr 35:7 | וַיָּ֣רֶם יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ לִבְנֵ֪י הָעָ֟ם צֹ֞אן כְּבָשִׂ֣ים וּבְנֵֽי־עִזִּים֮ הַכֹּ֣ל לַפְּסָחִים֒ לְכָל־הַנִּמְצָ֗א לְמִסְפַּר֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וּבָקָ֖ר שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֑ים אֵ֖לֶּה מֵרְכ֥וּשׁ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס | And Josiah contributed to the people at large small cattle – lambs and goat kids – all as Passover offerings for everyone who was present, thirty thousand offerings in number, and three thousand oxen, these being from the king's possessions. |
contributed ← raised.
people at large ← sons of the people. present ← found. |
| 2 Chr 35:8 | וְשָׂרָ֞יו לִנְדָבָ֥ה לָעָ֛ם לַכֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֖ם הֵרִ֑ימוּ חִלְקִיָּ֨ה וּזְכַרְיָ֜הוּ וִֽיחִיאֵ֗ל נְגִידֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים לַכֹּהֲנִ֞ים נָתְנ֣וּ לַפְּסָחִ֗ים אַלְפַּ֙יִם֙ וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וּבָקָ֖ר שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And his officials contributed generously to the people and to the priests and to the Levites. Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, the leaders of the house of God, gave to the priests as Passover animals two thousand six hundred small cattle animals and three hundred oxen. | contributed ← raised. |
| 2 Chr 35:9 | *וכונניהו **וְ֠כָֽנַנְיָהוּ וּשְׁמַֽעְיָ֨הוּ וּנְתַנְאֵ֜ל אֶחָ֗יו וַחֲשַׁבְיָ֧הוּ וִיעִיאֵ֛ל וְיוֹזָבָ֖ד שָׂרֵ֣י הַלְוִיִּ֑ם הֵרִ֨ימוּ לַלְוִיִּ֤ם לַפְּסָחִים֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּבָקָ֖ר חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ | And {K: Conaniah} [Q: Cananiah] and Shemaiah and Nethaneel his brothers, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, Levite officials, contributed to the Levites as Passover animals five thousand small cattle animals and five hundred oxen. |
Conaniah (ketiv), Cananiah (qeré): see 2 Chr 31:12.
Nethaneel: see Num 1:8. |
| 2 Chr 35:10 | וַתִּכּ֖וֹן הָעֲבוֹדָ֑ה וַיַּֽעַמְד֨וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים עַל־עָמְדָ֛ם וְהַלְוִיִּ֥ם עַל־מַחְלְקוֹתָ֖ם כְּמִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ | And the work was organized, and the priests stood in their post, and the Levites in their divisions, according to the king's commandment. | |
| 2 Chr 35:11 | וַֽיִּשְׁחֲט֖וּ הַפָּ֑סַח וַיִּזְרְק֤וּ הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ מִיָּדָ֔ם וְהַלְוִיִּ֖ם מַפְשִׁיטִֽים׃ | And they slaughtered the Passover lamb, and the priests sprinkled the blood with their hands, and the Levites flayed it. | with ← from. |
| 2 Chr 35:12 | וַיָּסִ֨ירוּ הָעֹלָ֜ה לְ֠תִתָּם לְמִפְלַגּ֤וֹת לְבֵית־אָבוֹת֙ לִבְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם לְהַקְרִיב֙ לַיהוָ֔ה כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּסֵ֣פֶר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְכֵ֖ן לַבָּקָֽר׃ | Then they removed the burnt offering so as to allow the people at large, in sections according to their paternal house, to offer to the Lord as it is written in the book of Moses, and likewise with the oxen. |
so as to allow ← for their allowing, a subjective genitive.
people at large ← sons of the people. |
| 2 Chr 35:13 | וַֽיְבַשְּׁל֥וּ הַפֶּ֛סַח בָּאֵ֖שׁ כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהַקֳּדָשִׁ֣ים בִּשְּׁל֗וּ בַּסִּיר֤וֹת וּבַדְּוָדִים֙ וּבַצֵּ֣לָח֔וֹת וַיָּרִ֖יצוּ לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃ | And they cooked the Passover lamb on the fire according to the injunction, and they cooked the holy sacrificed animals in pots and cauldrons and bowls, and they quickly brought that to all the people at large. | people at large ← sons of the people. |
| 2 Chr 35:14 | וְאַחַ֗ר הֵכִ֤ינוּ לָהֶם֙ וְלַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים כִּ֤י הַכֹּהֲנִים֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּהַֽעֲל֛וֹת הָעוֹלָ֥ה וְהַחֲלָבִ֖ים עַד־לָ֑יְלָה וְהַלְוִיִּם֙ הֵכִ֣ינוּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹֽן׃ | And afterwards they prepared it for themselves and for the priests, for the priests were the sons of Aaron, occupied with offering the burnt offering and the fat-offerings until night. So the Levites prepared it for themselves and for the priests – the sons of Aaron. | with offering: gerundial use of the infinitive. |
| 2 Chr 35:15 | וְהַמְשֹֽׁרֲרִ֨ים בְּנֵי־אָסָ֜ף עַל־מַעֲמָדָ֗ם כְּמִצְוַ֤ת דָּוִיד֙ וְאָסָ֞ף וְהֵימָ֤ן וִֽידֻתוּן֙ חוֹזֵ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַשֹּׁעֲרִ֖ים לְשַׁ֣עַר וָשָׁ֑עַר אֵ֣ין לָהֶ֗ם לָסוּר֙ מֵעַ֣ל עֲבֹֽדָתָ֔ם כִּֽי־אֲחֵיהֶ֥ם הַלְוִיִּ֖ם הֵכִ֥ינוּ לָהֶֽם׃ | And the singers – the sons of Asaph – were at their post according to the commandment of David, as were Asaph and Heman and Jeduthun the king's seer, and the gatekeepers at each gate. They were not to leave their work, so their brothers the Levites made the various preparations for them. |
at each gate ← for gate and gate.
leave ← depart from at. |
| 2 Chr 35:16 | וַ֠תִּכּוֹן כָּל־עֲבוֹדַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַפֶּ֔סַח וְהַעֲל֣וֹת עֹל֔וֹת עַ֖ל מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֑ה כְּמִצְוַ֖ת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּֽהוּ׃ | So all the Lord's work was prepared on that day – to celebrate the Passover and to make burnt offerings on the Lord's altar, according to the commandment of King Josiah. | celebrate ← do. |
| 2 Chr 35:17 | וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֛ים אֶת־הַפֶּ֖סַח בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑יא וְאֶת־חַ֥ג הַמַּצּ֖וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ | So the sons of Israel who were present celebrated the Passover at that time, and the Festival of the Unleavened Bread, for seven days. |
present ← found.
celebrated ← did. |
| 2 Chr 35:18 | וְלֹֽא־נַעֲשָׂ֨ה פֶ֤סַח כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִימֵ֖י שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הַנָּבִ֑יא וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ לֹֽא־עָשׂ֡וּ כַּפֶּ֣סַח אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה יֹֽ֠אשִׁיָּהוּ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֨ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֤ם וְכָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הַנִּמְצָ֔א וְיוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ ס | And the Passover had not been celebrated like it in Israel since the days of Samuel the prophet, and none of the kings of Israel had celebrated it like the Passover which Josiah celebrated, with the priests and the Levites and all Judah and Israel which was present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Ki 23:22.
celebrated (3x) ← done. none ← all ... not. present ← found. |
| 2 Chr 35:19 | בִּשְׁמוֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְמַלְכ֖וּת יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ נַעֲשָׂ֖ה הַפֶּ֥סַח הַזֶּֽה׃ | It was in the eighteenth year of Josiah's reign that this Passover was celebrated. |
|| 2 Ki 23:23.
celebrated ← done. |
| 2 Chr 35:20 | אַחֲרֵ֣י כָל־זֹ֗את אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵכִ֤ין יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת עָלָ֞ה נְכ֧וֹ מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם בְּכַרְכְּמִ֖ישׁ עַל־פְּרָ֑ת וַיֵּצֵ֥א לִקְרָאת֖וֹ יֹאשִׁיָּֽהוּ׃ | After all this when Josiah had prepared the house, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight in Carchemish at the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to confront him. |
|| 2 Ki 23:29.
Necho: in 2 Ki 23:29, Pharaoh-Nechoh. Carchemish: AV= Charchemish here, but not in Isa 10:9 and Jer 46:2. to confront ← towards, ↴ |
| 2 Chr 35:21 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלָ֣יו מַלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ לֵאמֹר֩ ׀ מַה־לִּ֨י וָלָ֜ךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה לֹא־עָלֶ֨יךָ אַתָּ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙ כִּ֚י אֶל־בֵּ֣ית מִלְחַמְתִּ֔י וֵאלֹהִ֖ים אָמַ֣ר לְבַֽהֲלֵ֑נִי חֲדַל־לְךָ֛ מֵאֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲשֶׁר־עִמִּ֖י וְאַל־יַשְׁחִיתֶֽךָ׃ | And Necho sent messengers to him, who said, “What have I got to do with you, you king of Judah? It is not against you that I have come today, but against a house with which I am at war. And God has told me to hasten. Stop interfering with God, who is with me, so that he does not bring you to ruin.” |
↳ with the idea of meeting or confronting.
what have I got to do with you ← what to me and to you. with which I am at war ← of my war. with God ← from God. |
| 2 Chr 35:22 | וְלֹֽא־הֵסֵב֩ יֹאשִׁיָּ֨הוּ פָנָ֜יו מִמֶּ֗נּוּ כִּ֤י לְהִלָּחֵֽם־בּוֹ֙ הִתְחַפֵּ֔שׂ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֛ע אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י נְכ֖וֹ מִפִּ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֕א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּבִקְעַ֥ת מְגִדּֽוֹ׃ | But Josiah did not turn away from him; on the contrary he had disguised himself so as to fight him. And he did not heed the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and he went to fight in the Valley of Megiddo. | turn away from him ← turn his face from him. |
| 2 Chr 35:23 | וַיֹּרוּ֙ הַיֹּרִ֔ים לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ לַעֲבָדָיו֙ הַעֲבִיר֔וּנִי כִּ֥י הָחֳלֵ֖יתִי מְאֹֽד׃ | And archers shot at King Josiah, and the king said to his servants, “Move me, for I have been severely wounded.” | archers ← shooters. |
| 2 Chr 35:24 | וַיַּֽעֲבִירֻ֨הוּ עֲבָדָ֜יו מִן־הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֗ה וַֽיַּרְכִּיבֻהוּ֮ עַ֣ל רֶ֣כֶב הַמִּשְׁנֶה֮ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֒ וַיּוֹלִיכֻ֙הוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקִבְר֣וֹת אֲבֹתָ֑יו וְכָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מִֽתְאַבְּלִ֖ים עַל־יֹאשִׁיָּֽהוּ׃ פ | So his servants transferred him from the chariot, and they put him on board in the second chariot which he had, and they conducted him to Jerusalem. And he died and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. And all of Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. |
|| 2 Ki 23:30.
put him on board: or conveyed him. |
| 2 Chr 35:25 | וַיְקוֹנֵ֣ן יִרְמְיָהוּ֮ עַל־יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ כָֽל־הַשָּׁרִ֣ים ׀ וְ֠הַשָּׁרוֹת בְּקִינ֨וֹתֵיהֶ֤ם עַל־יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ עַד־הַיּ֔וֹם וַיִּתְּנ֥וּם לְחֹ֖ק עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהִנָּ֥ם כְּתוּבִ֖ים עַל־הַקִּינֽוֹת׃ | And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the men and women singers have been speaking of Josiah in their lamentations up to today, and they made them a statute in Israel, and they are to be seen written in the Lamentations. | they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 35:26 | וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ וַחֲסָדָ֑יו כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ | And the rest of the affairs of Josiah and his kind deeds were in accordance with what is written in the law of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 23:28. |
| 2 Chr 35:27 | וּדְבָרָ֕יו הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאַחֲרֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֔ים עַל־סֵ֥פֶר מַלְכֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִיהוּדָֽה׃ | And his exploits – the first and the last – are to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. |
|| 2 Ki 23:28.
are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 36:1 | וַיִּקְחוּ֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֶת־יְהוֹאָחָ֖ז בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ וַיַּמְלִיכֻ֥הוּ תַֽחַת־אָבִ֖יו בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and they made him king in place of his father in Jerusalem. | || 2 Ki 23:30. |
| 2 Chr 36:2 | בֶּן־שָׁל֧וֹשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה יוֹאָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for three months. |
|| 2 Ki 23:31.
Jehoahaz ← Joahaz, a shortened form of the usual spelling, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Chr 36:3 | וַיְסִירֵ֥הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם בִּֽירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲנֹשׁ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאָ֥ה כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃ | Then the king of Egypt removed him in Jerusalem and imposed a tax on the land of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. |
|| 2 Ki 23:33.
talents ... talent: see Ex 25:39. |
| 2 Chr 36:4 | וַיַּמְלֵ֨ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֜יִם אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֣ים אָחִ֗יו עַל־יְהוּדָה֙ וִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים וְאֶת־יוֹאָחָ֤ז אָחִיו֙ לָקַ֣ח נְכ֔וֹ וַיְבִיאֵ֖הוּ מִצְרָֽיְמָה׃ פ | And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and he changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz his brother and brought him to Egypt. |
|| 2 Ki 23:34, 1 Chr 3:15.
Jehoahaz ← Joahaz, a shortened form of the usual spelling, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. |
| 2 Chr 36:5 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָרַ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃ | Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem, and he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord his God. | || 2 Ki 23:36, 2 Ki 23:37. |
| 2 Chr 36:6 | עָלָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיַּֽאַסְרֵ֙הוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם לְהֹלִיכ֖וֹ בָּבֶֽלָה׃ | Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon campaigned against him and bound him in fetters so as to lead him to Babylon. |
|| 2 Ki 24:1.
campaigned ← went up. |
| 2 Chr 36:7 | וּמִכְּלֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֵבִ֥יא נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר לְבָבֶ֑ל וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּהֵיכָל֖וֹ בְּבָבֶֽל׃ | And Nebuchadnezzar brought some of the equipment of the house of the Lord to Babylon, and he put it in his palace in Babylon. | palace: or temple. |
| 2 Chr 36:8 | וְיֶתֶר֩ דִּבְרֵ֨י יְהֽוֹיָקִ֜ים וְתֹֽעֲבֹתָ֤יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ וְהַנִּמְצָ֣א עָלָ֔יו הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יְהוֹיָכִ֥ין בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ | And as for the rest of the affairs of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he made, and what was found against him, they are to be seen written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place. |
|| 2 Ki 24:5, 2 Ki 24:6, 1 Chr 3:16.
made: or did. they are to be seen ← behold them. |
| 2 Chr 36:9 | בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶ֤ה שָׁנִים֙ יְהוֹיָכִ֣ין בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ וַעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת יָמִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | Jehoiachin was eight years old when he started to reign, and he reigned for three months and ten days in Jerusalem, and he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord. | || 2 Ki 24:8, 2 Ki 24:9. |
| 2 Chr 36:10 | וְלִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֗ה שָׁלַח֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֣הוּ בָבֶ֔לָה עִם־כְּלֵ֖י חֶמְדַּ֣ת בֵּית־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּמְלֵךְ֙ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָחִ֔יו עַל־יְהוּדָ֖ה וִֽירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ פ | And towards the end of the year, King Nebuchadnezzar sent orders and had him brought to Babylon with the desirable objects of the house of the Lord, and he made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem. |
|| 2 Ki 24:12, 2 Ki 24:13, 2 Ki 24:17, 1 Chr 3:16.
2 Ki 24:10 describes the same period, but with insufficient commonality to be considered a parallel verse. See [RBG]. towards the end ← to the return. had him brought ← brought, but also causative. |
| 2 Chr 36:11 | בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֧ים וְאַחַ֛ת שָׁנָ֖ה צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he started to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem for eleven years. | || 2 Ki 24:18, Jer 52:1. |
| 2 Chr 36:12 | וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָרַ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִכְנַ֗ע מִלִּפְנֵ֛י יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא מִפִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ | And he did what was wrong in the sight of the Lord his God, and he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet who spoke the pronouncement of the Lord. |
|| 2 Ki 24:19, Jer 52:2.
who spoke the pronouncement ← from the mouth. |
| 2 Chr 36:13 | וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear by God, and he was stiff-necked, and he hardened his heart against returning to the Lord God of Israel. |
|| 2 Ki 24:20, Jer 52:3.
he was stiff-necked ← he stiffened his neck. against ← from. |
| 2 Chr 36:14 | גַּ֠ם כָּל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְהָעָם֙ הִרְבּ֣וּ לִמְעָול־מַ֔עַל כְּכֹ֖ל תֹּעֲב֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְדִּ֖ישׁ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ | Also all the senior priests and the people transgressed all the more, like all the abominations of the Gentiles, and they defiled the house of the Lord which he had sanctified in Jerusalem. |
senior priests ← officials / princes of the priests.
transgressed all the more ← increased transgressing transgression. |
| 2 Chr 36:15 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֡ח יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּיַ֥ד מַלְאָכָ֖יו הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְשָׁל֑וֹחַ כִּֽי־חָמַ֥ל עַל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃ | And the Lord God of their fathers sent word to them through the intermediacy of messengers, rising early and sending word, because he had pity on his people and on his dwelling. |
intermediacy ← hand.
messengers: the same word as for angels. rising early and sending: both verbs are an infinitive absolute. |
| 2 Chr 36:16 | וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ מַלְעִבִים֙ בְּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבוֹזִ֣ים דְּבָרָ֔יו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִ֖ים בִּנְבִאָ֑יו עַ֠ד עֲל֧וֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָ֛ה בְּעַמּ֖וֹ עַד־לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃ | But they kept ridiculing God's messengers and despising his words and mocking his prophets, until the Lord's fury arose against his people to the point of there being no remedy. | |
| 2 Chr 36:17 | וַיַּ֨עַל עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ *כשדיים **כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג בַּחוּרֵיהֶ֤ם בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּבֵ֣ית מִקְדָּשָׁ֔ם וְלֹ֥א חָמַ֛ל עַל־בָּח֥וּר וּבְתוּלָ֖ה זָקֵ֣ן וְיָשֵׁ֑שׁ הַכֹּ֖ל נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ | And he brought the king of the Chaldeans up against them, and he killed their young men with the sword in their temple, and he did not spare young men or virgins, old men or anyone elderly – he delivered everyone into his hand. |
Chaldeans: the ketiv and qeré are different spellings of the same word.
their temple ← the house of their holy place. |
| 2 Chr 36:18 | וְ֠כֹל כְּלֵ֞י בֵּ֤ית הָאֱלֹהִים֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֣ים וְהַקְּטַנִּ֔ים וְאֹֽצְרוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֹצְר֥וֹת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְשָׂרָ֑יו הַכֹּ֖ל הֵבִ֥יא בָבֶֽל׃ | And as for all the equipment of the house of God – large items and small items, and the treasuries of the house of the Lord and the treasuries of the king and his officials – he brought everything to Babylon. | || Jer 52:17. |
| 2 Chr 36:19 | וַֽיִּשְׂרְפוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַֽיְנַתְּצ֔וּ אֵ֖ת חוֹמַ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְכָל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וְכָל־כְּלֵ֥י מַחֲמַדֶּ֖יהָ לְהַשְׁחִֽית׃ ס | And they burnt the house of God, and they demolished the wall of Jerusalem, and they burnt all its palaces with fire, and they brought all its valuable furnishings to ruin. | || 2 Ki 25:9, 2 Ki 25:13, Jer 52:13. |
| 2 Chr 36:20 | וַיֶּ֛גֶל הַשְּׁאֵרִ֥ית מִן־הַחֶ֖רֶב אֶל־בָּבֶ֑ל וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ל֤וֹ וּלְבָנָיו֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים עַד־מְלֹ֖ךְ מַלְכ֥וּת פָּרָֽס׃ | And he deported the survivors of the sword to Babylon, and they became servants to him and to his sons, until the kingdom of Persia became a royal power, |
survivors ← remainder.
became a royal power ← reigned. |
| 2 Chr 36:21 | לְמַלֹּ֤אות דְּבַר־יְהוָה֙ בְּפִ֣י יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ עַד־רָצְתָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתֶ֑יהָ כָּל־יְמֵ֤י הָשַּׁמָּה֙ שָׁבָ֔תָה לְמַלֹּ֖אות שִׁבְעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ | to fulfil the word of the Lord communicated through Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed its Sabbaths. For all the days that it was in desolation, it kept the Sabbath, fulfilling seventy years. |
communicated through ← by the mouth of.
desolation: as Lev 26:35. kept the Sabbath: or rested. fulfilling ← to fulfil. |
| 2 Chr 36:22 | וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס לִכְל֥וֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּפִ֣י יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֔ס וַיַּֽעֲבֶר־קוֹל֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס | Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in fulfilling the word of the Lord by the speech of Jeremiah, the Lord aroused the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, and he had a proclamation made throughout his kingdom, and also by a letter, saying, |
|| Ezra 1:1.
Cyrus (2x) ← Coresh, but we retain the AV / traditional English name. in fulfilling ← to be completed. Gerundial use of the infinitive. speech ← mouth. had a proclamation made ← caused a voice to pass through. throughout ← in all. |
| 2 Chr 36:23 | כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֗ס כָּל־מַמְלְכ֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָ֣תַן לִ֗י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְהֽוּא־פָקַ֤ד עָלַי֙ לִבְנֽוֹת־ל֣וֹ בַ֔יִת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה מִֽי־בָכֶ֣ם מִכָּל־עַמּ֗וֹ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהָ֛יו עִמּ֖וֹ וְיָֽעַל׃ | “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: ‘The Lord God of heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the world, and he has charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you from all his people to participate? May the Lord his God be with him, and let him go up.’ ” |
|| Ezra 1:2, Ezra 1:3.
this is what ← thus. has given: in a Hebrew “OVS” (object-verb-subject) sentence. of the world: or of the land, i.e. of the eastern world of antiquity. |